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LIBRARY

OF THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL

COLLEGE

NO. lQO_(Q_S__„DATE.3-r-L85ll.

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TM® ffiMERICMlT* MMM JO-URlTfai^.

,, . ^ PUBLISHED HY^ ' ,

( THOS.G. NEWMANS SON,

CMICyVtiO, IL.L,. '

THOMAS G. jmSWinAJS,

BDrroB.

Vol. mi. Jafl.4,l{

NO.1.

Moan on, ye cold and winter winds,
Against the frosted window-panes ;

Te cannot change the love that binds.
With strong and fervent chains.

The heart that beats and never wanes.

Lash in j'our might the aged tree.

Spare not his form, though bending low.
Nor let a leaf there clinging be ;
But blow, ye winds, and blow,
Te cannot change the heart in me.

—Arthur's Home Magazine.

Twenty-Five Years— a quarter of
a century— is now completed by the Ameri-
can Bee Journal. This issue begins a new
quarter of a ceiltury of its • history. Its
character and usefulness in the past is its
guaranty for the future. We have no time
to moralize over the situation— but will
work for the interests of bee-keepers in
the future, as we have done 16 years, since
the Bee Journal came into our hands.
"We ask all to work with us, for the best in-
terests of the pursuit.

For the many expressions of grati-
tude for the work done by the General
Manager of the National Bee-Keepers'
Union, during the past four years, all will
please take this acknowledgement. Though
time is too limited to answer each one
privately, he appreciates all the "kind
words" exceedingly.

Mr. G. H. Ashby, of Albion, N. Y., puts
his thoughts into these vigorous words :

A person would be considered very mean
that would require another to work for his
direct interest without compensation; but
that is just what bee-keepers (who are not
members of the Union) are doing. Why
not all join hands, for mutual protection,
and cause our enemies to cower by actual
force of numbers? The stronger we be-
come, the less suits we will have to defend.
Now, brother bee-keepers, come to the
front with your great influence and a little
money, and let us all have an equal interest
in the good work.

Tin- Way l<> I>o It The Clly Neivs,

New Castle, Pa., copied a lying article
about comb honey from the Philadelphia
Record, which has been repeatedly refuted,
but the latter i)uper, though often supplied
with marked copies with refutations of its
falsehood, has never had the honesty to
retract a word of it. (See page 436 of last
year's Bee Jouk.n'al.)

Mr. T. S. Sanford wrote a reply, but the
City News could not find room for it. He
took it to the Courant, an opposition
paper, and there it found a place. Mr.
Sanford told the readers about the origin of
the falsehood ; and stated that Bro. Root's
offer of $1,000 for proof of the existence of
the factory where artificial comb honey is
manufactured, is still good. He then adds :

The fact that he has never had an appli-
cation for the money is good proof that
there is no such thing. There may be dis-
honest bee-keepers as well as dishonest
people in other trades and callings, but it is
a fact that bee-keepers as a class, will com-
pare favorably for honesty with our best
citizens. It is a shame to injure their call-
ing by publishing such articles as the one
referred to. A paper that can find room to
publish a falsehood, but cannot find room
to publish the truth regarding the matter,
in my opinion, has very little principle.

That is a good way to correct, as far as
possible, such stories. Let each bee-keeper
who sees such things published, write a
contradiction, and send it to the paper
where the falsehood appeared. Keep a
copy of it, and if that paper will not pub-
lish it, another one wCl, and thus the truth
may be served.

To Affiliate with the International is
just the thing for all local associations to
do. Some have written us to state how it
should be done. We will reply to all
through the Bee Journal, our time being
too much occupied to reply to each sep-
arately. Just introduce a resolution to
affiliate with the International Society, and
have it carried— then vote that the Treas-
urer send $5.00 (the fee) to the Secretary
of the International (C. P. Dadant, Hamil-
ton, Hancock Co., Ills.,) and he will so re-
cord it, and send receipt for the same.

The Purdue University, La Fayette,
Ind., School of Agriculture, will hold a
special winter course in Agriculture and
Related Sciences, including lectures in Ag-
riculture, Horticulture, Veterinary Science,
Agricultural Chemistry, Zoology, Botany,
Economic Entomology and Farm Law,
commencing Tuesday, Jan. 16, 1890, and
continuing six weeks.

Oloaninss for 1889 winds up with a
flourish. The number for Dec. 15 contains
a Picture Gallery consisting of 1 6 pages
filled with views of apiaries. Oleanlngs
ill Bee-Culture is always fresh, lively,
original and interesting, and well deserves
its great success.

Tl««- I'uiwn. — The dues and votes from
the members of the National Bee Keepers'
Union have been coming in quite lively
lately, and the following from Mr. Wm.
Muth-Rasmussen, of Independence, Calif.,
is a fair sample of the letters accompany-
ing the votes ;

Friend Newman :— I herewith return the
voting blank of the Bee-Keepers' Union. I
see no reason for the change of oflicers, and
as long as they are not weary of well-
doing, I am content to keep the old Board.
Please accept my personal thanks for your
efforts in behalf of the Union. If bee-keep-
ers were less apathetic, we might give the
Manager something more substantial thau
mere " Thanks '' for his time and trouble.
Wm. Mutii-Kasmi'Ssex,

It is quite evident that there will be no
change in the officers when the votes are
counted. So we must prepare for another
year's active warfare, and hope at the end
of 1890 to make as good a showing in the
Annual Report as the one just made.
"Defense" is our watchwoi'd, and "Vic-
tory " our motto!

The First 'Vice-P,res«l<lent of the

International, Mr. Eugene Secor, is receiv-
ing congi-atulations at home and elsewhere.
The Winnebago Srimmit, of Dec. 19, 1889,
contains this complimentary notice :

Mr. Eugene Secor was elected First Vice-
President of the International Bee-Keepers'
Asssociation, the annual meeting of which
was held at Brantford, Ont., Dec. -4 to 6.
Mr. Secor has had large experienee in bee-
keeping, and has written many articles on
this subject, and is regarded as an authority
on this question. He also had the honor of
having one of his Songs set to music ex-
pressly for this occasion, and which was
sung at this meeting. Mr. Secor as a bee-
keeper, horticulturist, farmer, and writer,
is winning for himself an enviable reputa-
tion, which, as a matter of course, is highly
complimentary to him, no less than gratify-
ing to his friends.

Father l..augstroth has not im-
proved in health since last we mentioned
the matter, we are sorry to learn by a letter
just received from his daughter, Mrs,
Cowan. About eighteen months ago a
subscription to insure an Annuity for him
was started, and we subscribed $35.00 per
annum; others pledged similar amounts,
but we are pained to leai-n, after enquiry,
that quite a number have failed to send the
amounts they have pledged. Where it
cannot be afforded from a limited income,
we have nothing to say— but where plenty
abounds, we hope that no negligence will
prevent the Annuity from being kept up.
Father L. needs it, in his infirmity and ad-
vanced age — and we would urge those who
have abundance, to share with him— and
thereby entitle them to reap the rich re-
wards which such "good deeds" ensure.

The L.ast Toliime ended with Query
No. 676. Just think of the vast amount of
information afforded in that number of
Questions, and twelve thousand answers !
It pays to take and read a good bee-paper.

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GLEMt

!»«'«•»" Cliristnisis.— The weatber has
been warm, aud the suu has shone out
strongly between the showers, so *that the
bees have been able to fly quite frequently.
The winter cannot be a long one now, be-
ing cut short at one end. The following
letter fi-om Mr. youngman shows how the
bees sjient Chi-istmas in his apiary :

L.4KEVIEW, Mich., Dec. 25, 1889.

It being quite warm to-day, and the sun
shining, the bees had a merry Christmas.
There has been no cold weather, and very
little snow up to date, and it will be a short
winter for the bees, and if they are well
provided with stores, one may almost in-
sure their wintering well. Bees went into
winter quarters rather light in stores, as the
honey crop was lighter than usual, the
stores being almost bare of comb honey.

Last season was the most remarkable for
swarming ever known here. Bees abscond-
ed to the woods in great numbers. A great
many trees were found and cut. Some
were found in logs and hollow roots. I
have 3 swarms taken from as many trees,
all at one time. S. J. YorNGMAx.

undoubtedly been used the present year.
Let it be remembered that, although this
firm are the largest manufacturers of comb
foundation in the world, they are by no
means alone, and outside of a number of
other manufacturers, there are hundreds
of liee-keepers who make their own comb
foundation, even if theii' number is more
limited than it was at first.

This 35,053 pounds, if cut into sheets the
right size for i''^ sections, and the sheets
piled upon one another, would make a pile
16,702 feet high, or over three miles; or if
placed at the end of one another, they
would make a line of beeswax 154 miles
in length.

Exposition at Tieiina iii 1800.—

An Agricultural Exhibiticm is to be held in
Vienna from May to November, 1890, un-
der the auspices of the Imperial Royal
Agricultural Society of Vienna.

The object of this exhibition is to give as
complete a representation as possible of the
actual condition of the Agriculture, For-
estry, Horticulture, Gardening, Bee-Cul-
ture and Irrigation, and to promote and
diffuse a knowledge of the latest inventions
and di-scoveries relating to those subjects.

A large number of important premiums
in money as well as in medals, is assured
the firms of the various industrial circles,
which may spur them to do their best in
the coming contest.

i^onie A««toiiisliiii&r I'isiires.— The
firm of Chas. Dadant & Son report having
made and sold 59,551 pounds of comb
foundation during the season of 1889. Of
this, 34,498 pounds was brood foundation,
and 25,053 pounds surplus foundation.

The 34,498 pounds of brood foundation
could fill 210,520 Langstroth brood frames,
or 21,052 ten-frame Langstroth hives; and
if only one-inch strips had been used, there
would have been enough to make guides
for 168,416 hives. This number of .sheets,
S-X1614 inches, if piled on top of one
another, would make a pile 2,924 feet
high, or nearly three times the height of
the Eiffel tower. If placed at the end of
one another, they would make a line nearly
55 miles in length.

The 25,053 pounds of "thin" and "ex-
tra thin " foundation would fill 3,605,512
sections 4 '4x4 '4 inches. This will give an
idea of the extent of the production of
comb honey in the United States, for most
for this comb foundation has been sold in
this country, and the greater part of it has

Xli«- Officers and Honorary members
of the International for the present year
are as follows :

President— R. I,. Taylor, Lapeer, Mich.
First Vice- Prea.— Eugene Secor, Forest City, Iowa.
Secretary— C. P. Dadant, Hamilton, Ills.
Treasurer— Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, Ills.

VICE-PRESIDENTS,

,T. B. Hall, Woodstock, Out.
O. L. Hershiser. Buffalo, N. Y.
E. K. Root, Medina, O.
Prof. A. J. Cook, Lansing, Mich.
Mrs. L. Harrison, Peoria, Ills.

ADDITIONAL NAMES OF MEMBERS.

E. L. Gooia, Brantford. Out.
W. H. Shapler, Brantford, Ont.
S. T. Pettit, Belmont, Out.

HONORARY MEMBERS.

*P. W. Vogel, Lekmanshofel, Prussia.
Kev. George Kleine. Luethorst, Prussia.
*Andreas Sohraidt, Eichstadt, Bavaria.
Rev. John Dzierzon, Karlsmarkt. Silesia.
*Iiaron A. Von Berlepsch, Munich, Bavaria.
Baroness L. Von Berlepsch, Munich. Bavaria.
*Prof. C. T. E. Von Siebold, Munich, Bavaria.
*Major F. Von Hruschka, Dolo, Italy.
Dr. A. Dubiui, Milan, Italy.
Visconte De Saliceto, Milan, Italy.
Rev. L. L. Langstroth, O.tford, O.
*Samuel Wagner, Washington. D. C.
»M. Quinby. St. Johnsville, N. Y.
L. Gerster, Berne, Switzerland.
*T. W. Woodbury. Mount Radford, England.
Mrs. F. A. Dunham, Do Pere, Wis.
T, F. Bingham, Abronia, Mich.
E. Bertraud, Nyon, Switzerland.
Frank R. Cheshire. London. England.
Rev. Wm. P. Clarke, Guelph, Ont.
Prof. C. V. Riley, Washington, D. C.
Hon. Edwin E. Willets, Lansing, Mich.
'Deceased.

Honey Almanac.

This Honey Almanac places in the hands
of bee-keepers a powerful lever to revolu-
tionize public sentiment, and create a mar-
ket for honey, by making a demand for it
in every locality in America.

Each alternate page is an illustrated
calendar for the month — making a complete
Almanac for the year 1890.

Here is what is said of it by those who
have seen the Honey Almanac :

I have disposed of nearly all of my Honey
Almanacs. They are excellent "salesmen."
I think that I shall have to send for more. —
Mrs. S. E. Sherman, Salado, Tex.

The Almanacs are making business lively.
I sold 230 pounds to-day to my neighbors.
— O. S. Compton, Glenwood, Mich.

Its 32 pages are filled with interesting
facts, figures and suggestions concerning
the uses of Honey for Food, Beverages,
Cooking, Medicines, Cosmetics, Vinegar,
etc. Also, its effects on the human system
are tersely noted ; a brief refutation is given
of the Wiley lie about manufactured comb
honey ; a short dissertation sets forth the
mission of bees in fertilizing the flowers,
and increasing the fruit product. Instead
of being an injury to fruit, bees are the
fruit-growers' best friends.

Prices: — 25 copies for SI. 00; 50 copies
for$1.50; 100for$2.50; 500 copies for
$10.00; 1,000 copies for $15.00, delivered
at the freight or express oflice here. The
bee-keeper's Card will be printed upon the
fii'st page, without extra cost, when 25 or
more are ordered at one time. Postage, 40
cents per 100 extra. All orders can now be
filled as soon as received.

A Special dub Rate.

A Magazine of the choice literary charac-
ter which the Illustrated Home Journal
sustains, will add many pleasures to any
"family circle." Its beautiful illustrations
and interesting reading-matter will make it
heartilj' welcomed at every " fireside " in
the land.

We desire that every one of our readers
should secure its regular visits during the
year 1890, and in order to induce them to
do so, we will make this tempting offer :

We will Club the American Bee Journal
and the Illustrated Home Journal, and
mail both periodicals during the whole year
1890 for $1.50, if the order is received at
this office before January 31, 1890.

Such a remarkably low club rate as the
above, should induce every reader of the
Bee Journal to accept it without a mo-
ment's delay.

Exc<'H«"iit Paste. — To make paste
that will stick honey-labels to glass, tin,
etc., take two ounces of clear gum arable,
one ounce and a half of fine starch, and one-
half ounce of white sugar. Pulverize the
gum arable, and dissolve it in as much
water as the laundress would use for the
quantity of starch indicated. Dissolve the
starch and sugar in the gum solution. Then
cook the mixture in a vessel suspended in
boiling water, until the starch becomes
clear. The cement should be as thick as
tar, and kept so. It can be kept from spoil-
ing by dropping in a lump of gum camphor,
or a little oil of cloves or sassafras. This
cement is very strong indeed, and will stick
perfectly to glazed surfaces, and is good to
repaii- broken rocks, minerals or fossils.

Sectional Committee tor Rear-
ing oflJees. — Chairman, Mr. Hermann
Bernges, late forest manager, editor of the
Bienenvater (Bee-Father). Second Chair-
man, Mr. Jos. Kamptner, house-proprietor
at Unter-Dobling. Secretary, Mr. Alois
Scholtys, officer of the Imp. R. Court aud
first lieutenant. Editor, Mr. Anthony
Pfalz, editor of the Imkerboten aus Oes-
terrclch, bee-master at Deutsch-Wagram,
Austria.

TM® m^mmmiGMn wmm jommnmi^.

Xlio Csiiisitlisiit Government feels like
assisting apiculture to the extent of its
ability. At the late Convention at Brant-
ford, this was exhibited by the following
Instance :

Prof. Wm. Saunders, Superintendent of
the Dominion Experimental Farms at
Ottawa and elsewhere, was called, to the
platform by President Mason. In a short
address Prof. Saunders stated that while he
was not well versed in bee-keeping, yet he
hoped to learn more of it in the near future.
Entomology seems closely connected with
the scientific part of bee-keeping, and in
this he was very much interested.

He explained the work of the Dominion
Experimental Farms, and added that it was
the intention of the Government to take up
all lines in any way connected with agri-
cultural pursuits as soon as it was possible
to reach them. On one of the experimental
farms in Manitoba, the Superintendent

no honey, have to produce enormous quan-
tities of pollen to secure fruit fertilization.

Examples of this are corn and rag-weed,
and even then these have to be congregated
in large numbers to help fertilize each
other. To carry out this fertilization, how-
ever, other insects than honey-bees are
needed. For instance, the corollas of the
clover blossoms are too long for the honey-
bees,but the longer proboscis of the bumble-
bee here comes into play. If the bees hurt
flowers, we should find the corollas of some
of the best honey-produciug flowers broken
and destroyed, but we do not.

As to the action of bees upon fruit, Mr.
D. said that while they often draw the juice
from injured fruit (poor stuff, too), they
never injure sound fruit. The mandibles

siring to pui'il'y such receijtacles so as to be
proHtably used again :

To remove the astringent rpialities from
a new oak cask, or the taste from a barrel
which has hold alcoholic liquor, nothing is
necessary but to fiU with cold water and
lot it soak a few days, changing the water
two or three times. An old liarrel which
has been used for cider or vinegar, should
be purified by sulphur fumes. Invert the
barrel over a shovel or dish of live coals,
upon which brimstone has just been
thrown, and let it remain there for half an
hour to an hour. Then soak the bari'el with
clean water, in which a pound of soda or a
shovelful of ashes has been dissolved.

U:^ Jacob Wollerskeim, of Kauffmau,
Wis., sends us a sample of his comb foun-
dation, which has high side-walls and is
well made.

Apiary of Mrs. Martini Anderson, BushncU, Ills.

has a number of colonies of bees with which
he is experiiueutiug.

Mr. Saunders promised the assistance of
the faculty at Ottawa in any of the
branches wherein bee-keepers were inter-
ested, and he thought that they could very
often help solve difficulties in the entomo-
logical and botanical departments of bee-
keeping.

Bees and Horticulture. — Mr. C. P.

Dadant, at the recent meeting of the Illi-
nois Horticultural Society, in discussing the
relation of bees to horticulture, is reported
to have said there are two main divisions
of the question — the relation of bees to
flowers, and their action upon fruit.

Bees are created undoubtedly to help in
fertilizing flowers. This is too well known
to need further proof, though a clear evi-
dence that honey exists in the blossom to
attract insects, for blossom fertilization lies
in the fact that those flowers which yield

of the bee are not made to puncture, they |
are round and entirely devoid of teeth.

He also referred to the relation of bee-
culture and horticulture as shown by their
allied products— honey and preserves of
different kinds ; and the use of honey in
wine making.

Puriijiiis" Casks tor Honey.—

Although we do not advise the general use
of casks and ban-els in the apiary, that
have contained wine or alcoholic liquors,
yet there are occasions when such recepta-
cles can be used to excellent advantage, if
cleansed, especially when the honey put
into them is to be employed in feeding the
bees in the spring, or for winter stores.

Chas. L. Carpenter, of New Jersey, in one
of our valued agricultural exchanges, gives
the following method to pursue when de-

Xlie Edelweiss ot tlie Alps.

This gem was sent us by L. Mrs. Harri-
son. The lines were written by an Ameri-
can lady who was traveling in Europe, and
sent them to Mrs. H. by one of the party :

On Alpine heights there blooms a flower,

So soft, so white, mid snow and ice,
Well meet to grace the *yuugtrau's bower.

And mortals call it tEdelweiss ;
For white must all that's noble be,

And bloom from earth far, far apart ;
So she that's robed in purity,

Must bear an "Bdelvveiss " in heart.

*The Yungfrau is a anow mountain near Inter-
laken, and is a very Rrancl sight to behold.

+The Edelweiss is a little white (lower, like our
daisy, and has a yellow center, and its leaves are
thick, like cotton. It is under the snow, and in no
other place. Its home is on the Alps.

Clii'bs of 5 for $4.00, to any addresses.
Ten for $7.50, if all are sent at one time.

Ttmm mwmmmiGMM msm j&^mmmi^.

A. E. N. Rich-iEthel Etherhm.l

Henceforth in this bciiutiful land of ours.
One tJower is to be the tiower of flowers —
Our national emblem, our s>'nibol of might,
Of patriotism, of truth and riKht.

Of our floral beaties from sea to sea.

Countless and curious, " Which shall it be ?"

Shall it be the lily so pure and fair ;

Fit emblem alike for bridal or bier ?

Or the queenly rose, white, pink or red—

A coronet foi" a queenly head ?

Or bri;^ht-eyed pansy ? Heart's-ease,if you will,

Sotnuchingly tender, so thoujrhtfuUy still —

Or the daisy ? where meadow grasses wave,

In rocky rook, or by poet's prrave —

Or tiailing- arbutus ? daintily sweet,

In mossy bed nt the tall pine's feet —

The first swoct liarbin^cr of spring,

Faiut-tin^ed with the red of the robin's wing :

Though full of fragrance, yet lacking power.

Too d:iinty— too scarce for the national flower.

Or morning-glory ':* of varied hue.

From \ he whitest white to the bluest blue—

Or brilliant jtoppy, with tasseled head

Of golden glory or richest red.

Or the (jassion flower tinged to its petal tips

With the crimson blood of a martyr's lips,

Or the brilliantly beautiful orchids rare.

Oft twined in the gipsy maiden's hair.

The snowball, peony, "trumpet flower.

Of pi'imitive Puritan pride and power ?

Orstatel.v sunflower, with gold-flecked disk.

And golden ra.vs which a woi'ld might risk ':*

Into every heart it hath found its wa.v

For its loyalty to the god of day,

And bears the likeness upon its face

Of the god it turns to with modest grace.

The floral symbol of life and light.

Like the sun by day, like the stars by night.

What is liberty but the light of truth?

"What is life but love s fount of eternal youth?

What more beautiful tliought could one flower

hold
Than this gold-eyed gem in its settings of gold?
Pi'oudly the floral woi'ld might yield
To have it emblazoned on flag and shield ;
But a floral rival, n(jr friend nor foe.
In like gold-wrought uniform all aglow.
Has leaped to the front with a strong, swift

hound
And witli pride is holding the vantage ground,
As though let slip from the hand of God
And christened in falling, "the golden-rod."

Tall and graceful ils golden plumes
Wa.N'sifle, foi-est and licld illumes.
Anil it gaily nods In c:u-li juisserby.
Whether nnm of wisdom or maiden shy —
The .youthful, the aged, the great, the small.
It has a bow and a smile for ail-
Truly American ; wonderful flower.

With the candidate's politic, pleasing power,

'Tis the flower of freedom ! for ever.vwhere

It raiseth ui> like the voice of prayer —

S^iringing spontaneous from the soil

>\ itli never a mark of mire or moil ;

Wheresoever the f<»<il of nuin hath trod

He inith mcasvn-ed all UiiTigs with a golden-rod.

Tis the magic staff that lets him in

To the homes of virtue, the haunts of sin—

The wand that heals like an angel's wing

The heart of peasant, priest, poet, king.

Dame Nature, evei- true to her law

Of correspondence, its beaut.\' saw.

And scattered it broa^lcast over the earth

To s.vmbolize true wealth and worth.

It is destined the flower of flowers to he

In the " the land of the brave, the home of the

free !"
Tlie ensign to herald a nation's power.
The golden censor ; the peo]ile s flower. — Sel.

Full Sheets of Foiindalion vs.
Starters in Sections.

Written lor the American Bee Journal

These reasons are enough, without any
mythical, percentage reason.—- J. M. Shuck.
This question cannot be answered defi-
nitely. It depends upon many things
which are uncertain. The difference is
probably very little. — The Editor.

Our Preniinni-l>iMl Siipplemenl

describes many articles of great merit, and
that are useful in every family. We have
carefully selected them to offer as premiums
for getting up clubs for our Jouhn.\ls. We
do this to ituhtce our friends to devote a
few hours of labor for us. Our Jouiinals
are tirst-class in their lines, and are needed
everywhere. We do not want any one's
labor withoutreinuneration.aud the articles
offered will i)ay for the labor of getting up
clubs, and thus the arrangement will prove
to be for our mutual advantage.

Query 677.— What per cent, more honey
will be stored when using full sheets of foun-
dation in sections without separators, than
when using one-inch starters, and no separa-
tors ?— C. P.

Not any. — Will M. Barnum.

Nobody knows. — M. Mahix.

My experience says " uo more." — H. D.
Cutting.

I have had no experience without foun-
dation or separators. — A. B. Mason.

I do not know any one who can exactly
teU.— C. C. Miller.

Considerably more — perhaps 25 percent,
in a good season. — C. H. Dibbern.

I will venture to say one-fourth more,
but it may be more or less. — J.M.HAMBAueii.

I cannot answer; it varies greatly. On
the whole, I think that it pays to use foun-
dation.— A. J. Cook.

A pound of beeswax costs 10 to 15
pounds of honey to the bees, so you can
count it for yourself. — Dadan't & Sox.

It is hard to determine. By using full
sheets of foundation, the bees are more
facilitated in their preparatory work. — J.
P. H. Broivx.

The difference would vary with the de-
gree of the honey-How, etc., and no safer
ausw'er can be given. — R. L. Taylor.

If the season is a good one, you will likely
be surprised to see how little the difference
is. In my experience, the difference is not
enough to make up for the leatheiy septum
that full sheets of foundation give to the
honey. — G. W. Dem.iree.

I do not know. I do not use full sheets of
foundation, for beeswax will not digest in
my stomach. — Mrs. L. H.i.RRi80N.

Much depends upou the time of j'ear.
temperature, honey -flow, and other condi-
tions. Sometimes, no more; and again,
double the amount. — James Heddon.

That depends upou whether the honey-
flow is light and of long duration, or heavy
and of short duration. More honey will
generally be secured when full sheets are
used, especially with a light honey-flow. —

G. M. DOOLITTLE.

In my opinion, not so large a per cent, as
we have been made to believe. I believe
that a straight starter of foundation one
inch wide is enough. — G. L. Tinker.

I have never tested this matter on large
enough scale to speak positively, but 1
think that they will store more. That,
however, is not the only reason for using
full sheets — they fill the section more
nicely. — Eugene Secor.

It would depend upon the locality, to
some extent. In my own, where honey
comes in slowly, owing to lack of bloom,
the foundation will give a considerably
larger amount. Where honey comes in
rapidly, I do not think much if any ditt'er-
ence will be found. Much will depend
upon whether the colony is composed of
young or old bees. — J. E. Pond.

This all depends, and depends and de-
pends. Ordinarily it is better to use full
sheets of foundation, if it is nice, and as
thin as can be made. The ordinary apiarist
can get more honey, as a usual thing, and
certainly in better shape with foundation,
than without, and the crop ships better.

Proper Width of I -Pound Sec-
tions "Without Separators.

irritfe?i for the American Bee Jmi/mal

Query 678.— What is the proper width for
the one-pound section (4}ix-t}i inches) when
used without separators ?— W. C.

One and -/i inches.— M. Mahix.
One and "s inches. — U.adaxt & Son.
One and Jj inches is a good width. — C. C.
Miller.
One and i.j to IJ^ inches. — J. M. Shuck.

One and 23-32 inches, or 7-to-the-foot. —
R. L. Taylor.

One and 51" inches, or 7-to-the-foot. —
EuGEXE Secor.

One and 'i' inches, but for safe, salable
sections, separators are indispensable. — J.
M. Hambaugh.

I use a l?4-pound section, making the
same 2 inches wide. — G. M. Doolittle.

One and ■';' inches, or 7-to-the-foot pleases
me well. — A. J. Cook.

I find that l-^i inches, if nearly filled with
foundation; but with separators, 1% is bet-
ter, as you get nearer to one-pound — H. D.
Cuttixg.

I do not know. Our "great li,ghts " dif-
fer on this subject, but about 22 cubic
inches of comb honey weigh a pound, and
there will be more honey in sections where
separators are not used, than where they
are. — A. B. Mason.

One and "^ inches. Sections of even
weight cannot be produced without full
sheets of foundation, and separators. — C.H.

DiBBERN.

Just l-'.i inches scant, or 7-to-the-foot,
either with or without separators. That
seeius strange, doesn't it; I would not have
thought that the same width was right,
both with and without separators, had I not
proven it by radical and repeated tests. —
James Heddon.

I believe that the 7-to-the-foot section is
best. Avithout separators ; but I could not
advise the most painstaking to use sections
without separators. If we would produce
the choicest comb honej-, we must use wood
separators, and the open-side sections. — G.
L. Tinker.

After tr3'ing the different widths made, I
prefer l,^.i inches as the liest width where
no separators are used ; and as I do not care
to be bothered with more than one size or
width, I use the l?j', with or without sep-
arators.—G. W. Demaree.

About 1 ^ inches, in my judgment. Some
bee-keepers of experience prefer 1}{, and
some 1^;' inches. In no case will sections
be tilled so as to weigh just a pouud each —
a variation of 2 to 4 ounces will usually be
found.— J. E. Pond.

Two inches is as wide as a section should
be. but a i'^^xi^i section, 2 inches wide,
will not hold one pound, unless it is un-
usually well filled out. Sections 1% or 1%
will be filled out nicer and more perfectly
than wider ones, although they will not
hold a pound, if only 4!4x4}^ inches. — J. P.
H. Brown.

Aliout 7 -to-the-f oot ; but separators should
be used, unless the greatest care is taken to
assort when packing in crates for the mar-
ket, to prevent rubbing and leakage. — The
I Editor.

TMm mjmmmi€'jK.n mmm jo-ORKaiiLr.

SMOKING-BOARD.

Expelling llic Bcciii from tiie
Scelioii-Ca«cs.

Written for the American Bee Journal
BY J. W. BAYAKD.

Much lias been written of late, and
many enquiries made, as to tlie best
and most effective method of expelling
bees from the surplus stores. Smoke,
being the acknowledged factor in ter-
rorizing and driving as well as quiet-
ing bees, has long been used for that
purpose, and when judiciouslj' and in-
telligently applied, it has been a most
satisfactory agent.

My plan is inexpensive, simple and
efficient, and, I trust, will command
the attention of all bee-keepers who
work their apiaries for comb honey.
It is as follows :

Take a smoothly-planed board just
the size of the section-case, only about
two inches longer ; nail three strips
|xj on the three face edges of the
board, leaving one end open for
smoke, and now it is ready for work,
if the honey is ready to take from the
hives.

To do the work quicklj', arm your-
self with smoker, chisel, and smoking-
board, located on some convenient
hive or other place Now lift the hive-
cover clear away, turn back the en-
ameled-cloth quickly from the case,
pour in smoke rapidly betw'een all the
openings of the rows of sections, and
in about one minute, if well done, it
will frighten nearly all the bees below.

Then with chisel quickly remove the
case to the smoking-board, cover the
hive securel}', and pour the smoke into
the "pocket" between the board and
case, and the air-ourrent created
therebj-, will lift bees, smoke, and all
to the surface, and with a light brush
of long feathers, made from the
tail of a turkey, whisk them off, and
the work is done. I can do all this
inside of eight minutes, on an average,
and have tlie honey in the honey-house
without a bee being left in a single
case.

In this way I can go through a hun-
dred colonies in a day, and lift all the
surplus honej' that is finished, without
attracting the cupidity of a single
robber.

By operating the foregoing plan, no
laggards are left behind to cut holes
in the cappings, and otherwise mar the
combs, tlien leave through some es-
cape when they get read,y.

Some have found fault with smokers
for throwing sparks and ashes on the

comlis when operating. This is the
result of tilling the smoker-furnace
witli fine, trashy stuff, instead of clean
chips of rotten wood, that emit no
sparks or soot. I use apple-tree wood
for mv smoker, and find that it is the
best of all.

I find tliat the best time to remove
surplus honey from the hive, is from
10 a.m. to 5 p.m., when the bees are
largely in the fields. Early in the
morning or late in the evening they
are almost sure to sulk and adhere to
their stores.

Athens, Ohio.

IN COUNSEL.

Report of tlie IVortlierii Illinois
Bee-Con veil tioii.

The Northern Illinois Bee-Keepers'
Association met in annual session in
the Supervisor's room of the Court
House at Rockford, Ills., on Dec. 17,
with Vice-President Sweezy in the
chair.with the following members pres-
ent, who reported as follows :

Colonies. Comb. Ext. Pounds,

Spring. Fall. Lbs. Lbs. Unsold.

M.Adams 24 24 1,800 500 700

F. Benjamin 5 14 500 — —

G. Blackburn 140 140 2,000 16,1)00 10,000
O.J.CumminBS 16 38 900 .... 300
H. W. Conklin 12 20 61X1 700

D. A. Fuller 70 120 5.000 400

R. Gammon 54 55 2,800 4,200 500

1^. HiKbbarfier 40 70 2,000 1,500 500

S. H. Herrick 22 37 800 325

Wm. Hill 53 93 4,100 2,700 1,700

V. W. Keeney 20 45 700 4U0 500

A. O. Kallner 12 16 4IHJ 200 300

B.Kennedy 33 65 2.700 150

W.M.Rose 7 13 200

O.H. Sweezy 12 20 800 .... 100

C. H. Stordock 97 127 1.497 5.766 4,000

M. 8. Woortworth 17 25 80J

Chas. Winn .... 23 — — —

K. Marsh U 21 7l«

W.A.Webb 1 7 100 180

E. Whittlesey 5n 73 l,.'.oo 1,100 800
O. Tavlor 4.1 82 2,900 .... 2,000

Totals.

741 1,128 32,797 34,121 21,400

POLLEN IN THE SECTIONS.

The first question was, "How to
prevent pollen in the sections."

Mr. Gammon, of Roscoe, said that he
had been troubled where he had hived
swarms on starters ; but onlj' -4 or 5
swarms had tronljled him.

Mr. Kennedy, of Milford, said that
some of his old colonies had troubled
him, but he could give no remedy.

Mr. Herrick, of Rockford, had had
so little trouble that he would not
bother with any prevention.

Mr. Whittlesey, of Seward, never
was troubled in that way.

HOW TO PARTLY PREVENT SWAKMING.

Mr. Hill, of Whiteside, sai<l that he
had clipped the queens' wings, hived
side by side, and moved them in eight
days. He tried all the methods that
he had read of, and had decided that
he might just as well try to keep young
folks from marrying.

Mr. Gammon said that he had tried
a great many ways, and the most satis-

factory way to him was to jiul tlie old
swarm on top of the new one, and ex-
tract from them ; that is, to work them
for extracted honey the rest of the
season.

Mr. Herrick said that his bees
would swarm, but he put two or more
new swarms in a hive, thus ])reventing
a large increase, and making extra
good colonies.

The convention then adjourned until
the afternoon, when it was called to
order by President Highbarger.

QUEENLESS COLONY — UNFINISHEI) SEC-
TIONS.

The first question in the afternoon
was what to do with a colony that is
queenless in the spring, which brought
an almost unanimous reply, summed
up as follows : Double up with one
that has a queen.

The next question was, " Will it pay
to use the unfinished sections the fol-
lowing spring, after extracting tlie
honey ?"

Mr. Hill did not think tliat it would
be as white.

Mr. Gammon thought that by cut-
ting down the comb very close, they
could be used.

Mr. Herrick said that he had used
them successfully by putting 2 or 3
sections in the center of the super, to
coax the bees up.

President Highbarger thought that
the honey was' just as good, but in
crating the combs they would appear
to be tough.

DOES GOLDEN-ROD YIELD HONEY ?

The next question was, " Have you
had any honey from golden-rod ?"

Mr. ilill said that there was about 40
different kinds, and that the bees
worked on some of them.

President Highbarger said that he
never had seen the Ijees work on gol-
den-rod.

Mr. Stordock's bees worked on it
some, but he could not say that they
gathered any great amount of honey
from it.

Mr. Herrick never saw any bees on
golden-rod.

EXTRA COMBS FOR EXTRACTING.

"Will it pay, when working for ex-
tracted honey, to have extra combs
and supers, and not extract until the
end of the season, or use one super and
extract often ?"

Mr. Whittlesey said that he used ex-
tra supers, and did not extract until
fall.

Mr. Gammon thought that it paid
him better to extract often, and save
extra combs.

President Highbarger preferred to
extract often.

The convention then adjourned un-
til Wednesday morning, Dec. 18, when

•rmm mmmmiemm mm.m jowmi^miL.

*-*-^*-*-*-^*-*-*-^*

the President called the convention to
order.

BEE-DIARRHEA — CAUSE & PREVENTION.

Mr. Whittlesey said that it came
from pour honey. E.xtract, and feed
sugar.

Mr. Rice thought that dampness and
poor ventilation had something to do
with it.

President Highbarger said that it
was caused by poor honey.

EXTRACTED VS. COMB HONEY.

Mr. Blackburn said that his highest
comb honey yield was 112 pounds per
colony, while one colony stored almost
300 pounds of extracted.

Mr. Whittlesey said that from 15
colonies he obtained 1,100 pounds of
extracted honey, and from 35 colonies,
1,500 pounds of comb honej-. It had
been a poor season for him.

The election of officers for the en-
suing year was then held, and resulted
as follows : President, S. H. Herrick,
of Rockford ; Vice-President, A. J.
Sweezj-, of Guilford ; Secretary, D. A.
Fuller, of Cherry Valley ; and Treas-
urer, O. J. Cummings, of Guilford.

The next annual meeting was voted
to be held at Rockford ; the May meet^
ing at Cherry Valley ; and the August
meeting at Harlem.

The Association instructed the Sec-
retary and Treasurer, after all ex-
penses were paid, to send the balance
in the treasury to Rev. L. L. Lang-
stroth. The amount, with some dona-
tions, was $5.85.

D. A. Fuller, Sec.

QUEEN-CELLS.

Questions about £§;£§ Found
in Queen-Ceils.

Written for the American Bee Journal
. BY ALLEN LATHAM.

I was interested in what was said on
page 800 of the American Bee Jour-
nal for 1889, concerning the placing
of eggs in queen-cells. Mr. Dadant
says that the size of the cell governs
the sex, and thinks that the queen does
not lay eggs in queen-cells. I have
always been interested in this ques-
tion ; I believe it to be all nonsense to
say that the queen does not lay in
queen-cells. I have one or two queries
which I should like Mr. Dadant to an-
swer, viz :

1. If the workers place the eggs in
old queen-cells, wh\' do we never find
them there when a queen is removed,
and the bees go to work to rear
another ? Surely it would be easier
to remove an egg than to build an en-
tirely new cell.

2. Why, when foundation sometimes
sags and leaves the cells nearly as
large as drone-cells, does the queen
lay eggs in those cells, which eggs de-
velop into workers ?

3. Has any one ever seen an egg in an
old queen-cell (not a queen-cell made
out of two or three worker-cells) in a
hive without a queen, unless such egg
ma}' have been placed there by a lay-
ing worker ?

What I wish to bring out by the
above questions, is this : Eggs are
found in queen-cells ; they do not go
there themselves ; they are never
placed there except when a queen is in
the hive ; and if a comb containing
eggs is given to a queenless colony,
none of these eggs are transferred to
any queen-cells.

The above statements are conclu-
sions drawn from my own experience,
and I may be " away oft"," yet I have
seen the same so many times that 1
feel pretty sure.

Cambridge, Mass.

WINTER.

How the Bees in Winter Quar-
ters are Doins.

Written for the Prarie Farmer

BY MRS. L. HARRISON.

It is a little past one p.m. and I
made a call on my bees to say " How
dy' do," and they answered only by a
happy murmur. O, how I wish all my
bee-loving friends could see mj' little
pets in their cozy winter quarters. To-
day, Dec. 8, 1889, the thermometer
stood at 48-' in the bee-cellar, and at
72'^ in the shade out-of-doors. The
bees were carried in Dec. 5, which was
a warm, pleasant day, and bees were
upon the wing. Those to be removed
were confined to their hives in the
early morning, hj closing their fly-en-
trance. It is so much nicer handling
hives when they are clean and dry,
than when covered with snow and
sleet. And if the hives are frozen
down they have to be loosened with a
jar, which is very irritating to the in-
mates, and a person can handle them
more quietly during mild weather than
when pinched with cold.

There has been considerable said
about lugging hives in and out of cel-
lars, as though it was something ter-
rible. Our cellar has no outside door,
and the bees were handed in through
a window. Two men put down 56
colonies in about two hours, and the
assistant chai'ged 75 cents for his
labor. It would take several days to
make them as comfortable upon their
summer stands, and quite a job to un-
pack them another season and clean

up the litter. The hives are two-story
Langstroth, and only the lower one,
containing the brood-nest, is put down.

I have room for only about half of
the ct)Ionies of the apiary, and the re-
mainder are to remain upon the sum-
mer stands. At the present writing it
seems like folly to store any of them,
as this month thus far has been so very
mild ; but old Boreas may teach us, be-
fore long, that he has not entirel}' de-
serted this mundane sphere, and at all
events preparations should he made for
his coming.

Some years ago I made chaff-cush-
ions to protect the bees during winter,
and by carefully housing them during
the summer, they are still tit for use.
Every fall new muslin sheets are
spread over the frames, above the de-
vices, and then the chafi-cushions are
put in. The bees propolize up the
muslin during the year, so that the
moisture will not pass through it, and
they will keep dryer if new is used for
winter. And if they have eaten holes
in the muslin, they will creep up under
the cushion and large numbers perish,
as they cannot find their way back. I
raise the cover slightly, so that there is
at all times a free circulation of air
above the cushion.

Occasionally during a very cold spell
a cover has been shut down, and I in-
variably would And the cushion frozen
and the cap full of frost, while those
that were raised would be drj'. I pre-
fer to have the entrance fully open,
and the back of the hive as high again
as the front, so if frost gathers and
melts in the hive, it will run out, and
the bees can more readily carrj' out
their dead debris.

Peoria, Ills.

LIQUID HONEY.

Tlie Production and ITIarketini
of Extracted Honey.

Written for tlieAyncrican Bee Journal

BY' C. E. WOODWARD.

It has taken the American apiarists
a great while to decide that they have
real use for the honey-extractor. Ex-
perimenting has demonstrated that
honey-extracting is an economical pro-
ceeding, and, properly handled, is one
of the greatest inventions in the bee-
keeping world.

The people of America seem to be
awakening to the fact that the honey-
extractor is suited to the wants of the
honey-produciug world ; and if there is
any one point that demands careful
study, it is the manner in which ex-
tracted honey is placed upon the mar-
ket, to meet the wants of the con-
sumer. Hence, too much attention

TH® mmimmicmn be® j&vRismi..

9

has been given to our own ideas in try-
ing to get the very last cent out of it
possible.

Too cheap receptacles have been
used, to a great extent, in placing ex-
tracted honey upon tlic market in very
bad condition. Glass tumblers, hold-
ing one pound, are the best receptacles
f(jr extracted honey. Those glasses
having a large mouth will allow the
use of the contents in either the liquid
or candied form. The glasses also
show just what the honey is, and the
variety of honey ■n-ill present a nice
appearance in them.

Owing to the convenience in which
it can be handled, the cheapness with
which it can be produced, and the fact
that it is the only pure article strictl}'
by itself — no intermingling of beeswax
— places it at the front as the most de-
sirable honey for consumption. Comb
honey is undoubtedlj'a thingof beauty;
hence we believe that extracted honey
can be produced in its best possible
shape at one-half the cost of comb
honey.

It is an impossibility to adulterate
honey so as to deceive. It has been
said that "the American people love
to be humbugged." You can fool the
bee, but you cannot fool the people
with adulteration of extracted honey.
When the extractor is used, we can
keep each variety of honey separate,
and by itself in the majority of cases ;
hence I may say that, in my opinion,
to make bee-keeping a grand success,
is not to confine j'ourself wholly to
comb honey production. The extrac-
tor is here, and here to stay.

Xenia, Ohio.

SEASON OF 1889.

Oolden-Rod — The Bee-Keepers'
Union — Bee-Literature.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY J. B. SYPHRIT.

I commenced last spring with 19
colonies, and increased them to 38, by
natural swarming. They are all in
good condition. I put them into win-
ter quarters on Nov. 28. I obtained
1,400 pounds of comb honey, and bOO
pounds of extracted, mostly clover.
The fall crop was cut very short, but
I got some buckwheat and smart-weed
honey.

I winter my bees in a cellar 18x32
feet, and 8 feet high, with a tile run-
ning diagonally, with ventilators of 4-
ineh tile in the windows. All of our
vegetables are kept in the same cellar ;
we go in and out from the outside, and
the light does not seem to distiu-b the
bees.

I put nothing on the top of the brood-
frames, but leave the hive-caps on ;

this gives a good chance to fin^d next
spring, to stimulate for breeding. I
have wintered them in this way for a
number of years, with good results. I
use the 10-franie Langstroth hive.

Regarding the golden-rod, I have
watched it with a vigilant eye for sev-
eral years, and have never seen a bee
on it. I consider it, as a honey-plant,
about the same as I do the potato-blos-
som. Sweet clover kept blooming for
two weeks after our first frost. Nectar
in white and Alsike clover was abun-
dant the past season in southeastern
Iowa. We have had a great number
of basswood trees in this part of Iowa,
but the woo<lman's axe is clearing
them out by the thousands every year.

The principal part of ray honey was
obtained from Alsike clover. Comb
honey has been selling in our home
market as low as 8 cents per pound. I
have sold none for less than 10 cents.
Those bee-keepers who live along the
Mississippi bottoms, obtain a very dark
hone3', but it seems to sell as well as
the finest clover honey among home
consumers. The weather has been
very mild, with plentj' of rain up to
the present.

THE bee-keepers' UNION.

In viewing the list of members and
last report of the Manager of the Na-
tional Bee-Keepers' Union, I was struck
with amazement when I beheld so
small a fraction (about one out of every
thousand) of the bee-keepers belong-
ing to the Union. The light in which
I view the Union is this : There is not
one bee-keeper in the 300,000 but has
received more individual benefit from
the decision in the Clark case, than it
cost annually to be a member. Every
individual taking the Aiierican Bee
Journal should be a member of the
Union ; and every man and woman
that keep bees, should be a reader of
the American Bee Journal. I could
no more think of keeping bees without
bee-literature, than I would think of
farming without horses.

READING bee-literature.

I often accost a man that keeps bees,
thus : " See here ; your bees are in a
very bad condition. They are in old,
rickety boxes ; they are full of moths ;
they are too weak to accumulate nec-
tar, and have many other faults. Now,
see here ; there is a weekly paper pub-
lished that costs only f 1.00 a year. I
will show it to you, and if yon will
take it, it will teach you how to handle
bees, how to keep them in good con-
dition, and how to make them a source
of pleasure and profit to you." The
reply is invariabl}' embodied in this :
"Well, I expect that is very nice, if I
could have my bees as nice and clean
as yours. I am keeping a few bees for

my own use, and it will not p.aj- me."
When I tell them that one colony cared
for in the juopcr time and manner is
of more value than twenty old, cracked
boxes full of moths, they say, " Well,
if I could handle them as you can, I
would not mind taking it." But it is
all in vain to try to get them to see
that the bee-])apcrs will teach them all
this.

Newport, Iowa.

HONEY.

Not Di;;e$>te<I IVeclar — Report
for 1889.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BV J. A. MARSH.

The American Bee Journal is a
most welcome visitor, and is read be-
fore any other of many periodicals.
Many of its contributors are able and
reliable, but one of the most able and
respected has been very careless and
unfortunate in the use of a word.
When Prof. Cook calls honey "digested
nectar," I hope that he will take back
the "digested" part of it as grace-
fully and as hastily as his motions will
allow. The bees have no intricate
patent ; it is an open-kettle process, as
old as Adam, and as simple as boiling
maple-sap.

POOR season, golden-rod, etc.

This has been the third poor season
in this locality. May was dry, and
bees found about enough honey until
June 15 to meet daily wants ; then it
rained for 15 or 20 days, and, con-
trary to other bee-keepers, I have to
say that my bees gathered honey
while it rained, faster than at any
other time ; also, that gathered in the
wet spell was the most beautiful
honey ; the sections were free from
propolis, and the comb was light and
white ; while the honey gathered after-
wards, was dark comb, heav}", and the
sections daubed until they would break
rather than part.

" Gill over the ground " is my best
honej'-producer, coming earlier and
lasting longer than white clover, which
comes second, while golden-i'od
amounts to nothing, as I never saw
bees visit it, although I watched it
daily in the hope that it would prove
of some benefit ; yet I think it a fit em-
blem of our glorious country, and I
would cast my vote for it, if it was not
for the "corner" that Mr. Prang seems
to have on that privilege.

I started in the winter of 1888 with
3 colonies ; a small svvarm came to me
on Feb. 15, 1889, which I hived and
fed, although there were not more
than a quart of bees, and they lost

10

TMm mmMMi^mm mmm 3©>^mmMs^.

their queen on April 2. I furnished
eggs the next da}', and they had a laj'-
ing queen by April 29. They dwindled
until there were not more than a hand-
ful, but tinallj- grew strong, and have
now enough honey to carry them
through the winter. I consider April
very early for queen-rearing in Mis-
souri.

I have now 14 colonies, half in good
condition, and the rest short of stores.
I take great interest in reading re-
ports from all over the country. Let
all bee-keepers report to the American
Bee Journal.

Scotia, Mo.

BEE-ESCAPE.

The Dibbcrn Bee-Escape Proves
to be a Success.

Written for the Ainerican Bee Journal

BY DR. G. L. TINKER.

As the weather was quite warm to-
day, and the bees flying freely, I
thought that it would be well to try
the new bee-escape which Mr. Dibbern
described on page 797 of the American
Bee Journal for 1889, and has so
kindly donated to bee-keepers.

I had a colony on which I had
placed a section-case with partlj'-filled
sections. I unpacked the hive, and
took it ofl and put on the bee-escape,
placing over it the case of sections, at
1 o'clock, p.m. There were about a
pint of bees in the sections. At 4
o'clock, I looked, and found that every
bee had gone below — not one was left.

Should this escape be as effectual as
it now seems to me, it is going to
prove of great value for getting bees
out of brood-chambers, as well as out
of sections.

The escape can be made in a J-incli
board, so as not to project on either
side, and thus endanger killing bees
in putting it on the hive, or having it
bound down with propolis if left on
the hive a day or two, as it would be if
the cones projected below the board.
I make mine as follows :

I have an inside cover to put on the
hive in my winter-case. It is made of
thin boards (1 inch thick), and as long
as tlie hive is wide. These are nailed
to two cleats as long as the hive, and
fxl inch square. I bored a |-inch hole
in the center of anotlier thin board to
fit in between the cleats. On this
board was attached the cones. I then
cut out a place in the cover, the same
size as the cones. The board with
cones was then nailed on so that the
under surface of the cover was flat, or
even where the cones came through.
At the apex, I bored another f-inch
hole through the cover, but not through

the board on top. This lower hole was
where the bees came out.

On top of the upper board was nailed
4 cleats, Jx| of an inch, about 7 inches
long. These set up edgewise, one end
against the cleats of the cover, and the
other end close to the hole in the cen-
ter. The 4 cleats thus converged about
the hole so that the bees in trying to
get out would all run, finally, into the
hole in tlie center, and thus pass
through each of the cones, and come
out at the auger-hole below.

Between each of the long cleats of
the cover, which are nailed on flush
with the side, is nailed a piece of the
same hight at''^ach end, making a shal-
low tray 1-incli deep. The section-case
rests on these cleats. It seems to me
that the 4 converging cleats to the hole
in the center will aid ver}' much in
getting the bees out of a case of sec-
tions speedily. Bee-escapes of the
above description can be made for
about 20 cents each.

I have been somewhat opposed to
bee-escapes, to get bees out of sections,
but this one is so cheap and easy to
make, and withal effectual, that I be-
lieve it will come largely into use.

Mj- favorite plan of getting bees out
of sections has been to smoke them
out, first smoking the bees down, then
lifting off the case and standing it on
end, on the front end of the hive. An
assistant worked the smoker, blowing
the smoke through the sections, while
I used a little hand-broom to brush oft"
the bees as they run out, down at the
entrance. In this way comb honey can
be taken off very rapidly — about as
fast as the assistant can carry it away.
Mj" objection to this plan is the rough
treatment that we are obliged to sub-
ject the bees to. It seems cruel to thus
abuse them, and force them oft' from
their hone}-.

The Dibbern bee-escape will not only
save labor to the bee-keeper in taking
oft" honey, but enable us to give our
bees humane treatment at the same
time.

New Philadelphia, Ohio.

Convention Motlces.

VW The next annual meeting of the Ontario Bee-
Keepers' Association wili be held in Belleville, ont.,
in the City Hall, on Jan. 8 and 9, IK«i

W. CouSE, Sec.

K^" The spring meeting of the Northern Illinois
Bee-Keepers' Association, will meet at the residence
of D. A. Fuller, in Cherry Valley, Ills., on May IHth.
1H91). D. A. Fuller. Sec.

SS^ The Indiana State Bee-Keepers' Association,
will hold its tentli annual meeting at Indianapolis,
Ind., on Wednesday, .Ian. ir,. istiil, at 1 p.m. All bee-
keepers are cordially invited.

Geo. c. Thompson, Sec, South port, Ind.

tW The twelfth annual meeting of the Nebraska
State Bee-Keepers' Association, will he lield in the
Lecture Room of Nebraska Hall of the State Uni-
versity, at Lincoln, Neb., on Jan. I.'., 16 and 17. LS90.
Every bee-keeper and lover of honey is invited to
meet with us. TheHorti<-tilttiral Association meets
at Lincoln at the same time, and arr;int:ement8 are
now being perfected to linld jriint sessions.
1 J. N. Heateh, Sec. ('olumbus. Neb ,

ZW The annual meeting of the Colorado State
Bee-Keepers' Association, wili be held in the Cham-
ber of Commerce building, in Denver. Colo., on tile
third Monday in January, jH<^r), for the election of
officers and other business. Everybody is invited to
attend. K. Milleson, Pres.

K^- The Eastern New York Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, will meet in Convention, Jan. 20 and 21, 1x90, in
Agricultural Hall, Albany. N. Y.. at 10 a.m. All in-
terested in bee-keeping ai'e cordially invited to
attend. The Farmers' Institute is held at the same
place on Jan. 22 and 23, IHtin.

W. S. Ward, Sec, J'uller's Station, N. Y.

ff^'" The 24th annual meeting of the Micliigan
State Bee-Keepers' Association, will be held at Lan-
sing, Mich., in tile Capitol Building, on Dec. 2fi and
27,1889. At that time nearly ail railroads sell half
fare tickets; a few railroads charge one-and-one-
third fare for the round trip. Reduced hotel rates
will be given at the Hudson House. All are cordially
invited. H. D. CUTTING, Src.

J3^ The 21st annual meeting of the New York
State Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in the
Court House at Rochester, N. Y.. on Feb- 5. 6, and 7,
1H90. Reduced rates will be given at hotels and on
all principal railroada. The programme and full
particulars will appear in due time. Each county
association is requested to send two or more dele-
gates. G. U. KiN'ICKERBOCKER, Sec.

12?" The annual meeting of the Vermont State
Bee-Keepers' Aesoclation. will be held at Burling-
ton. Vt , on Jan. 21 and 2'2. 189o. E.tcellerit hall ac-
commodations have been secured at tiie VanNess
house. The Central Veruiont Railroad has granted
round-trip tickets Irom tlie following places; Rut-
land. White River Junction, Cambridge Junction,
Richford via St. Albans, Ticonderoga. and all inter-
mediate points, to Burlington and return for fare
oneway. A good meeting is expected, and all are
invited. For further information and programmes,
apply to the Secretary,

J. H. LAliHABEE, Larrabee's Point Vt.

Po»>laI ]>'otes are no safer to use in
letters than bank bills. Any one can get
the money on them. A Money Order can
be obtained at the post-ofiice or at the ex-
press office for 5 cents (only 2 cents more
than a Postal Note), and is perfectly safe;
if lost it can be re-issued.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

DETROIT, Dee. 20.— Comb boney is dull and
lower, now quoted at l'Jff>il4e. E.-ictracted, 7@i
8c., with few sales. Beeswax is now in good de-
mand, at •24(5!2,5e. '

M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.

BOSTON, Dee. 26.— Sales are slow. Fancv
white clover 1-lbs., 16(j>'17c. : fair to good, lo(fh
16c.; 2-lb.s., 1.5@16c. Beeswax. 24c.

BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham St.

CHICAGO. Deo. 27.— White clover 1-lbs., 12
@13',ic. ; basswood, IKT^lliie. : buckwheat, 8
®10c. Extracted, 6'/i(q'7',2v. Beeswax, dark,
23®24c.; briifht, 25@2ec.

S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.

CHICAGO, Deo. 27.— Sales arc light, at 12®
12c. for white 1-lbs.; dark, 80 10c. Extnicted
dull at 6®7c. for dark, 7(5-80. for fancy white.
Beeswax, prime, 2,'ic.

R. A. BURNETT, 161 S. "Water St.

KANSAS CITY, Dec. 24.— Demand is light
and prices lower, owing- to bee-keepers offer-
ing boney at ll®12i20„ delivered throughout
the West. Very fancy 1-lbs., 12 in a crate, 13
cts. : good, 12i4c. ; dark, 10c. Two-lbs., white,
12c. ; dark, 10c. Extracted, white, 7c. ; dark,
5®6c.

HAMBLIN & BEAESS, 514 Walnut St.

CINCINNATI, Dec. 24.— Demand for honey
has been slow for a month or more, with a full
supply of all kinds on the market. E.xtracted
brings 5(5'8c. ; while comb is sold at 14trrl0c. —

Beeswax is in good demaiiri at "JOf" ■J2c. for
good to choice yellow. C. F. JICTH & SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Ayes.

MILWAUKEE. Dec. 27.— Market dull; only
best grades demanded. White 1-lbs., 13@14e. ;
2-lbs., 11® 12c.; dark l-lbs., 12®l.'3c.; 2-lbs, 10
^^12c. Extracted, white, iu barrels, 7(S'7^2C.:
in '/4-harrels and kegs or tin. 7';®8e. ; dark, iu
barrels. fiiRieiJe.; in kegs, 0;.4@7c. Beeswax,
22@2oc.

A. V. BISHOP, 142 W, Water St.

TMm MMEMIC'Mf* WMM JOliJMff.Kfc.

11

o^aiA^A<fca<fc<i<fc^^^^A^Aiifci

'^-*^-^-*^*-^-«-^^

COWVEIVTIOW DIRECTORY.

1890. Time and place of mcctimj.

Jan. 8, 9.— Ontario, at Belleville, Ont.

W. Cou»e, Sec, StreetsviUe, Ont.

Jan. 15.— Indiana State, at Indianapolis, Ind.

Geo. C. ThonipsoD, Sec. Southpurt, Ind.

Jon. ir>-17.— Nebraska State, at TJnooIn. Nebr.

J. N. Heater, Sec, Columbus, Nebr.

Jan. 20.— Colorado State, at Denver, Colo.

B. Milleson, Pres., Denver, Colo.

Jan. 20, 21.— Eastern New York, nt Albany, N. Y.
W. S. Ward, Sec. Fuller's Station, N. Y.

Jan, 22.— Vermont State, at Burlin^'ton, Vt.

J. H. Larrabeo, Sec. Larrabee's Point, Vt.

Feb. 5-7.— New York State, at Roohester, N. Y.

G. H. Knickerbocker, Sec, Pine Plains, N. Y.

May 3.— Susquehanna Co.. at Hopbottora, Pa.

H. M. Seeley, Sec, Uarford, Pa.

May 19.— Northern Illinois, at Rockfdrd. Ills.

D. A. Fuller, Sec, Cherry Valley, Ills.

' In order to have this table complete,
»Sec'retaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time aud the place of
each future meeting. — The Editor.

Ilee!« Bringing in Pollen.

On Sunday and Monday, Dec, 15 and 16,
my bees, at my home apiary, were bring-
ing in pollen. All the cranky uproar about
bees being " a nuisance " here is a thing of
the past, Z, A, Claek.

Arkadelphia, Ark., Dec, 20, 1889,

[We are glad to know that like " the star-
spangled banner," the bees are still there.
Cranks may cause an uproar for a time —
but it soon passes away, and they are like-
wise forgotten. The right, justice and
truth are eternal, and though they may be
"crushed to earth," they will rise again,
and endure co-eval with the sun, moon and
stars, — Ed,]

♦- I ^ —,.-,♦

Excellent Season for Kees.

Our bees are safely put away into their
winter quarters in the cellar, with plenty
of stores of their own gathering. This is
the first time for three years that we have
not had to feed them to carrj- them through
the winter. The past season was an excel-
lent one in the way of increase and tlae
storing of honey; white elOTer yielded well,
though basswoodwas a failure,and Spanish-
needle did but fairly. From present indi-
cations there will be an immense growth of
young white clover for next season.

JoHx Nebel & Son.

High Hill, Mo., Dec, 11, 1889.

Small Frnits and Bees.

I keep bees for both profit and fun, I
have about five acres of small. fruit to
handle, consisting mostly of blackberries
and raspVjerries. I have now in the cellar
34 strong colonies. I started last spring
with 13, and have taken off 1,100 pounds
of com!) honey. The "fun" comes from
seeing the little army of bees working early
and late, gathering the sweets that other-
wise would go to waste in my berry -field,
and at the same time increasing my
chances for a full crop of fruit.

C. H. PoxD.

Kasson, Minn,, Dec, 7, 1889,

A Boy's Kxperience .witia Bees.

"Jimmy, there goes au after-swurm to
the woods. Catch them, and you may have
them." I gave a chase, and succeeded, after
a run of two miles, in heading them off in a
cornfield, and by throwing dirt, made them
return and alight on a bush by the way. I
went to the nearest house, obtained a few
rags, matches, and a little box, and then
shook the bees on the ground, smoked them
in, and returned home with my bees. I put
them into a 9-frame Langstroth hive, aud
they rewarded me with 40 pounds of nice
comb honey in ouepound sections, and I
have a strong colony of Italian bees in good
condition for wintering. I am 13 years old,
and I think that I will make a bee-keeper.
Father commenced the season with 18 colo-
nies, increased tliem to 44 (biinus my one
colony), and obtained 1,500 pounds of
comb honey.

James G.akfield Daggett.

Conrad Grove, Iowa.

Bejsrinninsp in Bee-Keepin;;.

In the spring of 1888 I bought 2 colonies
of bees in box-hives, and transferred them
into Langstroth hives. I have now 13 col-
onies of hvbrid bees. S. N. Little.

Pepin, Wis., Dec. 12, 1889.

iLitirfSC Crop of Honey.

My report for the season of 1889 is as
follows: I took 3,050 pounds of comb
honey from 65 colonies, and 43,550 pounds
of extracted honej' from 285 colonies.

Prank McNat.

Mauston, Wis,, Dec. 13, 1889.

ISesiiIts oftiie Season.

Here is my report for 1889: I com-
menced in the spring with 38 colonies, in-
creased them to 64, and took 1,300 poun3s
of extracted honey, and 1,200 pounds of
comb honey in one-pound sections,

Geo, a. Kerr.

Lowell, Mich,, Dec, 13, 1889,

Wonderful ITield of Honey.

My honey crop was so large that I did not
report it sooner, as I wish to be believed, or
considered a man of truth. I took 4,500
pounds of extracted honey, and 3,500
jjounds of comb honey — all from 37 colo-
nies, spring count. E. S. Hovet.

Swanton, Iowa.

Honey Crop of Soutli Wakota.

The honey crop in South Dakota was
good, being mostly from milk-weed and
golden-rod, and some parasite honej', in the
form of honey-dew on box-elder trees, but
of a dark color, and poor quality. Bees
are flying briskly to-day.

R. A. Morgan.

Vermillion, South Dak., Dec. 9, 1889.

SM'arniing: Out— Extractina;.

I started last spring with 17 colonies of
bees, and my crop of honey was 1,500
pounds, all in one-pound sections. It was
very dry here (Blue Earth county) ; the
basswood crop was just fair, and the rest
of the crop was all buckwheat honey. I did
not get a pound of fall honey. I had a big
time with my bees swarming out the past
season — 6 swarms swarmed out 13 times.
My hives were all new ones, and clean.
The queens' wings were all clipped except
one, and that one went to the woods. My

bees are 20 rods from heavy timber on the
north. I have a si)lendid location for bees.
Some of the unruly swarms would leave
after building comlj for 3 or 4 days, and
had 2,000 eggs laid. As they would trj'
to leave, I would cage the queen and place
her on the alighting-board, and they would
have a good flight and then return. Some
of the swarms settled 50 feet high ; they
would generally hang about 30 minute.s,
and back they would come.

My bees are all in the cellar, but it i.s
hard to keep the cellar cool this winter, as
the weather is very mild. A few days ago
it rained, and the "roads are terrible. Can
honey be extracted from unfinished sec-
tions in the winter, if the sections are put
in a warm room, about 80 degrees?

[Yes ; honey can be extracted in a warm
room, at any time. — Ed.]

Bees Mid Well.

My bees have done well this year. I
started in the spring with 14 colonies in
poor condition, 2 of them being queenless,
but they built up and stored 867 pounds of
honey in one-pound sections, and increased
them to 21, all in good condition. I could
not get along without the American Bee
Journal. Austin S. Straw.

Edwardsville, Mich.

Bees Flying Freely.

One week ago to-day the bees were out
and flying as lively as at any time in the
summer, and some who had clothes out to
dry, had to wash them over, as the bees
spotted them badly. I was looking for the
same thing, but failed to find where they
had specked a thing, although they all have
quite an amount of honey-dew for winter
stores, H, M. Seeley.

Harford, Pa., Dec. 16, 1889.

Poor Season for Bees.

My 37 colonies of bees are on the sum-
mer" stands, and are in pretty good condi-
tion, though some may be short of stores,
but I think that they have enough to last
until March 1. They did not store 100
pounds of honey last summer on account of
the cold weather the latter part of May and
first of June ; then I had to feed every col-
ony to keep them from starving, and when
honey came, with warm weather, the bees
had no brood ; so the result can be imag-
ined. Abe Hoke.

Union City, Ind., Dec. 15, 1889.

Honey from «Solden-Rod. •

I vote for the golden-rod as our national
flower, for my 53 colonies filled their hives
to overflowing with honey from it last fall:
some were so full that I had to extract
some of it to get empty combs for the bees
to cluster on in the winter. My crop of
honey the past season was 1,500 pounds
from 35 colonies, spring count. The season
was too wet. Wm. B. McCormick.

Uniontown, Pa., Dec. 18, 1889.

Bee-Keepins' in Ens'land.

The honey season here in England has
been a good one, generally speaking. We
had a beautiful spring— just the very thing
to suit the bees, and consequently swarm-
ing was very prevalent, as the bees bred
vei-y fast. The early part of the season,
and up to July 10, was everything that
could he desired, when a sudden change
came — rain, rain, was the order of the day,

12

TH® fiUidEMieMIf W'MM J©'PMI«KlLr.

so tbat practically the honey season was
over for the year.' Our " fall " (American)
honey never amounts to much here, except
in the heather ;districts. At this date very
severe frosts have set in, which is rather
early for us, but our bees are all out-of-
doors, and some are in half-inch hives ; but
if all have plenty of good stores, they will
undoubtedly come out all right in the
spring. Starvation kills many more bees
than cold, and last winter " thiuued the
ranks of our bees sadly, thousands of colo-
nies succumbing; but the past season has
pretty well made up the deficiency by ex-
cessive increase. The AMEKic.iS Bee Jouk-
N^vi just fits a weekly vacuum here.

Heset Neve.
Warbletou, Sussex, England,Dec.5,1889.

(Uood Kjocalion tor Uee-Keepiiig'.

I commenced last spring with one colony
of bees, and they increased to 5 liy natural
swarming. I obtained 130 pounds of honey
in one-pound sections, and they yet have
plenty to winter on. There was not much
attention paid to bee-keeping here, until
the last year. We have a good locality, I
think, and I hope that we shall succeed
well. There is an abundance of bloom all
through the season; white clover, sweet
clover and buckwheat are plentiful here.
F. R. Reitek.

Phillips' Station, Nebr., Dec. 16, 1889.

^Vet and Cold $4eaNOii.

The past season here was wet and cold,
but there was moi"e honey in the flowers
than last year; and on days when the bees
could work, they improved them to the ut-
most. My report is as follows: I com-
menced the season with 40 colonies, of
which 3 were queeuless; increased to 58,
and took 1,400 pounds of comb honey, and
100 pounds of extracted from unfinished
sections. All have a good supply of honey
for winter. J. D. Gooduich.

East Hardwick, Vt., Dec. 12, 1889.

No Fall i^iirpliifi Honey.

I am a poor old soldier, broken down in
health, and a bad cripple besides, and get
only a small pension. I think that the
American Bee Joi-kxal Is the best pub-
lished. My 32 colonies of bees are packed
in chaff on the summer stands, with plenty
of honey for winter. Bees got no surplus
here the past fall, but there was a gcod
yield from clover and other early flowers,
with "bug-juice " mixed in from the begin-
ning to the end; the result is a poor quality
of honey, not fit for market, though I sell
some of it for Avhat it is, at a low price.
This is the first poor honey I have ever got
here. John I. Mautix.

Falls City, Nebr., Dec. 14, 1889.

alfalfa is useless; I never saw a bee on it.
Spider-plant is as useful for flowers as for
honev, and a little more so. .It is in bloom
from the last of Jul}' until frost, and it is
quite ijretty. There is no honey gathered
from it, except early in the morning and
late at night. Now and then two or three
drops like large dew-drops on a head, can
be seen, and on a great many days there
are none to be found. The tallest Chap-
man honey-plant grew 5 feet, or over, in
height, and the ball on the stalk is quite
handsome. It lasted about three weeks.
Athens, N. Y. Telah C. Whiting.

<jilad to Help tlie Union.

I bad 2 colonies in the spring, and now
have 5. I am glad to contribute to the
support of the Union, and send my dues
with this letter. I think that every man
having one colony or more, ought to be-
come identified with the Bee-Keepers'
Union, so as to have our industry and pur-
suit recognized and protected as well as
any other pursuit, for it is an honorable
one. Isaac B. Lain'g.

Olathe, Kaus.

Spi<1ei- Plant. Altalfa, etc.

I started with 7 colonies last spring, in-
creased them to 14, and then doubled up
until I reduced them to 10 colonies, which
is as many as I want to keep. Bees had a
hard time the forepart of the season — one
colony came pretty nearly succumbing,
which it would have done, had I not come
to their rescue with a little syrup. They
supplied themselves the rest of the season,
and gave me some honey for my buckwheat
cakes.

In regard to the Chapman honey-plant,
alfalfa clover and spider-plant, I would say
tbat I had about 100 plants from the seed
tbat I got from Washington, two years ago
this winter. The bees just buzzed on it
from morning until night. I think that

» > ♦ » •

Honey in the Home 9Iai-ket.

I have been in the bee-business for sev-
eral years, and have usually found it profit-
able. My report for 1889 is as follows: I
increased my apiary from 40 colonies,
spring count, to 75 colonies, by natural
swarming; produced 3,000 pounds of comb
honey, and 200 pounds of extracted honey,
nearly all of which is unsold. 1 sell comb
honey in the home market at 16 cents per
pound. I have always sold my honey in
the home market at remunerative prices,
never having shipped a pound to the mar-
ket center. J. W. Willey.

Lawrence, Kans., Dec. 5, 1889.

Old Colony— Good Honey-Flow.

In my article describing an "old colony,"
on page 745 of the Bee Journal for 1889,
commencing with, " We had a very poor
season here," the balance of the article
should have been credited to me, instead of
Mr. Rosenberger. I would like to hear from
the readers of the American Bee Journal
if any of them know of an older colony of
bees.

Bees go into winter quarters with plenty
of honey this winter. We had the best flow
of honey during the fall, that we have had
for years. We hope for good results in
wintering, and a good honey season in
1890, as the last four seasons have been
rather bad for bees. J. S. Barb.

Oakfleld, O., Dee. 16, 1889.

Ciolden-Kod a*: a Honey Plant.

The past season was a poor one for honey
in this locality. Everything looked favor-
able in the forepart of the season for a large
yield, as there was a large amount of white
clover bloom ; but just as the bees were get-
ting to work nicely in the sections, it began
to rain, and it not only rained, but it
poured, until about the middle of August,
so that not only all storing of surplus
ceased, but some colonies were nearly des-
titute of honey in the brood-chamber at
that time ; when there was a change for the
better, and we were favored with about
three weeks of warm, dry weather, golden-
rod was just coming into bloom, and the
bees filled everything full from that source,
so that they are in line coudition for win-
tering. I think that if Mr. Secor could
have seen the bees at work, we would have
had no doubts about golden-rod being a
good honey-plant in this section, at least —
though some seasons it does yield very
little. The honey is thick, and of a bright-
straw color ; the flavor is rather pungent,
though liked by some. E. C. Boyd.

Wilmington, Vt., Dec. 12, 1889.

$5.00 Eneyclopedia.— The work is
almost as large as Webster's Dictionary, 4
inches thick, weighs over 5 pounds, and
occupies over 300 cubic inches of space. It
is handsomely bound in English cloth,
double spring back, gilt side and back
stamp, marble edges, beveled boards, and
contains over 100 illustrations. It is pub-

Golden-Rod and Warm tVeatlier.

I shall order more Almauacs later; just
now I have no honey, and consequently I
have no need to give to my customers un-
til the spring crop is gathered. Golden-rod
here is a good crop for bees in certain sea-
sons, and at others bees gathered but very
little from it; this year bees have gathered
some surplus, while more than half of my
bees just gathered enough to supply them
until spring.

' We are now having a very warm winter,
the mercury being 70 degrees above zero
in my store now. I feel uneasy about the
warm weather, for if it continues so for a
little length of time, our orange trees will
soon blossom ; then should a frost come, we
can say " Good-bye oranges," for next
year. John Hager, Ju.

Arabi, La., Dec. 10, 1889.

lished at $5.00 per volume, which is vei-y
low in comparison with standard eun-ent
prices on other works.

It treats of every characteristic, both the
good and the bad, of the various types of
man and woman, and proposes to tell most
people more about their fellow-men than
they ever dreamed it possible to find out.

We will club it with this Journal for
S2.10, postpaid.

Or we will present it as a Premium for 5
new subscribers to either Journal, with
$5.00 to pay for the subscriptions.

This is an opportunity of a lifetime — a
rare chance to get a very valuable book
free. The postage alone costs 30 cents.

TMm ffiHSHE'KICSr* MMM JOISKI^ME*.

13

■■^■^■^^■^^■^^■'

j^^^^^^^-

*^^

iiij^isrm

BUSINESS MANAGER.
aZZXX«IXTZIXZ»XXZX«X«XX«»»I»IIX»3

^xtsiucss Notices.

,1-^ ' Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should notify us at once.

Ity Money in Potatoes, by Mr. Joseph
Greiner. Price, 25 cents, postpaid. For sale
at this ofBce.

1^" Send us one i^EW subscriber, with
§1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

{F^" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price *1. 00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

It^" We have some full sets of the Bee
JouKNAL for 1889, and new subscribers can
have the full sets for 1889 and 1890 for
$1.80 until all are gone.

lp^° Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 35 cents per ounce, by express.

ir^° The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

c'i.i;Kiii:\ci i>i8X.

We Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the followiug papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the I.1ASX
column. The regidar price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:

Price of botlt. CJut
The American Bee Journal 1 00. ..

and Gleanings in Bee-Culture 2 00 1 75

Bee-Keepers' Guide 150 140

Bee- Keepers' Review 150 140

The Apiculturist 1 75 1 65

Bee-Keepers' Ad vance 1 50 140

Canadian Bee Journal 300... 180

Canadian Honey Producer. ..1 40 130

The 8 above-named papers 5 65 5 00

and Langstroth Revised (Dadant).300 2 75

Coofe'8 Manual (1SK7 edition) 2 25. . . , 2 OC

Doolittle on Queen-RearinK..2 00 1 75

Bees and Honey (Newman)... 2 00 176

Binder for Am. bee Journal . . 1 60 1 50

Dzierzon's Bee-Book(cloth)...300.... 2 00
Boot's A B C of Bee-Culture. .2 25. . . . 2 10

Farmer's Account Book 4 00 2 20

Western World Guide 1 50 1 3C

Heddon's book, "Success,".. 1 50.. 1 4C

A Year Among the Bees 1 75 1 5C

Convention Hand-Book 1 50.... 1 30

Weekly Inter-Ocean 2 00 1 7.t

Toronto Globe (weekly) 2 00.... 1 70

History of National Society . . 1 50. . . 1 25
American Poultry Journal. ..2 25 150

l)o not send to us for sample copies
of any other papers. Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.

' Please send us the names of your

neighb'ors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Joukxal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

1^" As there is another finn of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write American Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save contusion and delay.

1^" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices ;

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

'• 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 25

•' 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

IjtW* When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book,
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

Itg" We oflfer the Monthly Philadelphia
Fwrm Journal, and either the American
Bee Journal or Illustrated Home Jour-
nal from now until Dec. 3 1 , 1 890, for 81.20.
Or, we will nive it free for one year to any
one who will send us one new subscriber for
either of our Journals with -Jl.OO (the sub-
scription price).

WINGER'S

IMPROVED

FEED GRIPER

is a novel and in-
geniously arran-
ged Grinding
Mill, made to at-
tach to 10 or 13
foot Pumping
Wind-Mills, oper-
ated bj' an elbow
attached to main
pumping rod in
such a manner
that it can be at-
tached or detach-
ed in a niiuute,
so that you can either pump or grind, or do
both at the same time. It works with a
reciprocating lever, so arranged that it
grinds on the up-motion of the Wind-Mill.
The Grinder consists of a double-metal case
and 3 burrs, two remaining stationary and
one revolving in the center, producing a
double-grinding surface, two-fold greater
than any other known to the world, and
wUl gi-ind more than the ordinary farmer
needs. It can be changed from grinding
coarse to fine by simply turning one nut.

Price, $30. We will present one of these
Peed Grinders to any one who will send us
75 subscribers to our Journals, at $1.00
each.

Jl^" Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jour-
N^a, at $1.75 for the two; or with both our
Home Journal and Bee Journal for $2.50
for all three papers.

A Kew Mciliod ol' TiTiitiiiii; Disease.

HOSPITAL REMEDIES.

What are they; There is a new departure
in the treatment of disease. It consists in
the collection of the specifics used by noted
siiecialists of Europe and America, and
bringing them within the reach of all. For
instance, the treatment pursued by sjiecial
physicians who treat indigestion, stomach
and liver troubles only, was ot>tained and
prepared. The treatment of other physi-
cians, celebrated for curing catarrh, was
procured, and so on till these incomparable
cures now include disease of the lungs,
kidneys, female weakness, rheumatism and
nervous debility.

This new method of "one remedy for one
disease " must appeal to the common-sense
of all sufferers, many of whom have experi-
enced the ill effects, and thoroughly realize
the absurdity of the claims of Patent
Medicines which are guaranteed to cure
eveiy ill out of a single bottle, and the use
of which, as statistics prove, has ruined
more sUjnuichs tlian alcohol. A circular
describing these new remedies is sent free
on receipt of stamp to pay postage, by
Hospital Remedy Company, Toronto, Can-
ada, sole proprietors.

51D26t Imly.

A Soettniaii's Enterprise.

_^ Clubs for anything in our Premium
List may be for either of our Journals, or
for any number of either or both of them.

J. J. H. Gregory, the well-known seeds-
man, proposes to disti-ibute free among his
customers of this season, a year's subscrip-
tion to one hundred agricultural publica-
tions, to lie selected by the fortunate ones
from a list to be sent them, which will in-
clude all the papers and magazines of this
class published in this country. Full details
will be found in his catalogue, advertised
in our columns. Of course this is an ad-
vertising enterprise, but of a character
which will permit all to wish well to both
the parties concerned. In response to fre-
quently repeated solicitations, he has a
likeness of himself in his catalogue of this
year.

This week's issue of " Frank Leslie's
Illustrated Newspaper" illustrates the
method of signaling used in the Squadron
of Evolution, the way in which coin-dies
are destroyed at the Philadelphia Mint, a
visit to the New York Quarantine in the
Lower Bay, the lottery mania in New Or-
leans, and interesting foreign events, while
Mrs. Don Cameron is the society lady
represented.

If any one wants a club of two or
more weekly or monthly periodicals, be-
sides one or both of our Journals — send us
a Postal Card, and we will then quote the
lowest possible price, by return mail. The
number is too great to enumerate.

We always extend the term of re-
newal subscriptions from the date of
expiration on our books. Present sub-
scribers whose time may expire one, two,
three or six months hence, can safely
renew now, without fear of loss thereby.

14

T'mm M&mwmi^MM mmm jO'vmMMi^.

' '— -— »— ■^— ■

—'—■■■— -^—■'—■'—■■—■■^—f »^«»*»*^*^><»*^«»*^*«

Ne'tr Catalogues and Price Lists for
1890 are received from —

G. B. Lewis & Co., Watertown, Wis.— 32
pages — Bee-Hives, Sections, etc.

A. I. Root, Medina, 0.^4 pages— Api-
arian Supplies of all Kinds.

M. H. Hunt, BellBranch, Mich.— 16 pages
— Bee-Keepers' Supplies.

D. Landreth & Sons, Philadelphia, Pa. —
50 pages — Seeds.

E. H. Cook, Andover, Conn. — 44 pages-
Newspapers and Magazines.

^tlvitvtxstmtnU,

s

FrTlftlVS $3.00 per 1,000. Foundation,

Alsike Clover Seed and Japanese
Buckwheat, cheap lis the cheapest. Spec-
ial prices to dealers. Send lor our free
PRICE LIST. M. H. HUNT,
IBtf BELL BRANCH, MICH.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

MAKING BROOD FOUNDATION. — I
will make Foundation from 4 to 5 (eet to
the pound at 5 cts. in Jan., 6 cts. in Feb., and
at the regular price after Mar., 8 cts. Cut to
litany size frame. Guaranteed to be as nice
and even as anv Foundation made. Address,
JACOB WOLtERSKEIM, Kaukauna, Wis.

Eaton's Improved

SKCXIO,>i -CASE.

BEES & yUBBNS. Send

for free catalogue. Addresa

Frank A. Eaton,
IDtf Bluffton.Ohio.

PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION

HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES.

THIN FLAT BOTTOM FOUNDATION

Has no Fisli-bone in Surplus Honey.

Being the cleanest is usually worked
the quickest of any Foundation made.
jr. VAN DEUSEN & SONS,

Sole Manufacturers.
Sprout Brook, Montgomery Co.. N. Y.

lAtf

Mention the American Bee Journal.

niTniTO THOS. p. SIMPSON, WashinKton,
rfl I r™ I \ D. C. No atty'9 fee until Patent ob-

I n I I>I1 I Otained. Write for Inventor's Guide.

CAR:\'IOt,Ar« QUEKMS!

The copartnership of Andrews & Lockhart
is now DISSOLVED, and the senior partner
will give his entire time next season to the
breeding of Carnlolan Queens and Bees,
and will sell, after June 1, 1890, Untested
Queens at $1.00 each: Tested, $2.00 each; those
carried through the winter, at the 15th of May
(and are Tested) $3.50 each.
|^~ Circulars will be out about Feb. 1, 1890.

JOHN ANDREWS,
51Dtf PATTENS MILLS, Wash. Co., N. Y.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

BRIGHT ITALIAN Bees and Queens,
Bee-Hives, Sections, Foundation, etc.
l2Aly H. H. KTJETEE, Baxter Springs, Kan,
Written far theAraerlcan Bee Journal

S^^

The Public Want

Their seed fresh
and true.

yiTALOM

such by buying

I can buy seed at half

Would they not be most likely to obtain

directly from the crower? I cai

what it costs me to raise it, but_ could not sleep sound
should I warrant seed of this class. For the same
reason I make special effort to procure seed stock
[directly from their originators. You will find in my
new seed catalogue for 1890 (sent free), the usual
extensive collection {with the prices of some kmds lower
than last season) and the really new vegetables
of jeood promise- You should be able to get from me,
F their introducer, good seed of Cor>' Corn. Miller Melon,
- Hubbard Squash, All Seasons and Deep Head Cabbages and
many other valuable vegetables, which I liave introduced.

JAfllES J. H. GREGORY, Marblehead, Mass.

IDiit

Useful Scales

The Union or Family Scale.

This Scale has steel bearings, and it weighs
from !4-ounce to 240 pounds. Price, with a
Single Brass Beam, as shown in the illustra-
tion, $3.00. With Double Beam lor taking the
tare, S3.50.

The Little Detective Scale.

PURDY'S

Catalogue of D
Plants and Trees

FREE!

A lep Quarterly P^QORDER

at only 25 cts. per
year. Every f
No. worth $1

year. Every fruit grower should take it. Every
■ - A. M. PURDY, Palmyra, N. Y

AND EVAPORATOR

52A2t IMlt

'HEN Answering t

IIS Advertisement, mention this Journal.

SECTIONS! SECTIONS! SECTIONS!

WE are now offering our No. 1 V-Groove
Sections In lots of 500, at $3 per 1,000 ;
No. 2 Sections at $2 per 1,000. For prices on
Foundation, Hives, Shipping-Crates, &o., &c.,
send for Prlce-List. Address,

J. SXAUFFER A- SONS,

(Successors tu B. J. Miller & Co..)
SlAtf NAPPANEE, IND.

This little Scale is made with steel bearings,
and a brass Beam, and will weigh accurately
!4-ounce to 25 pounds. It supplies the great
demand for a Housekeeper's Scale. Prices :

Single beam, no scoop $2.00.

" tin •' 2.50.

Double " no scoop 3.00.

tin " 3.50.

|^~ All orders filled promptly.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

923 & 925 West Madison St., CHICAGO, ILLS.

SUPfty 6 packets of my choicest Flower Seeds
t5Ij|jW(5 loc. Beautiful Catalogue free. F. B.
MILLS, Thorn Hill, N. Y. lM4t lC4t

BEESWAX WANTED.

Bees^vax.— We will pay 34 cents per
pound, in Cash, for Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
orpH h6r6

It^ To avoid mistakes, the name of the
shipper should always be on each package.

THOS. G. NEItOflAN Sc SON,

92S & 925 West MadlgoD St.. CHICAOO. ILLS

oGnd (b uGntS Year among'the Bees:"—
114 pages, cloth bound. Address.

DR. c. c. irni.i.ER,

30Atf MARENGO, ILLS.

DISCOUNT NOTICE.

DliKING the months of October, Novem-
ber and December I offer a DISCOUNT
of 10 to 6 per cent, for GOODS purchased
for next season's use.
j^*- Priee-lilst Free.

Address, J. M. KINZIE.

20Aly EOCHBSTBR. Oakland Co., MICH.

J. FORNCROOK & CO.,

MANUFACTCTREBS OP THE

"BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTIONS,

I 11^ I

WILL furnish you, the cominn Beaaon. ONE
PIKCK SECTIONS, sand-papered on both Bides
—as cheap as the cheapest, and better than the best.
|#" "Write for prices.
Watertown. Wis.. Jan. 1.1890. iCly

EMPLOYMENT. AOEKT8

wanted everywhere, for the UOME
J( )URN AL — a grand f ami I y paper.

\ Bia Cash Premiums. Sample Feiee.

' THOS. G-. NEWMAN & SON,
923 & 925 West Madison-Street, - CUICAGO, ILJjS.

HOME

TAKE NOTICE!

BEFOKi: placing your Orders for SUrPI-IKS,
write for prices on One-Piece Basswood Sections
Bee - Hives, Shipping - Crates, Frames, Foundation,
Smokers, etc. Address,

K. B. SCHMIDT A CO.,
25A26t NEW LONDON, Waupaca Co., WIS.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

British. Bee Jovtrnal

AND BEE-KEEFEBS' ADVISEB,

IS published every week, at 6». 6el. per
annum. It contains the very best practical
Information for the apiarist. It is edited by
Thomas Wm. Cowan, F.G.S., F.R.M.S., etc., and
published by John Huckle, King's Langley
Herts, England.

SCIENTIFIC

QUEEN-REARING

AS PRACnCAI.I.Y APPLIED;

Being a Method by which the very best of

Queen-Bees are reared In perfect accord

with Nature' Ways ; by

a. M. DOOLITTLE,

Borodino, IV. IT.

In this book the author details the results
of his Experiments in Rearing Queen-Bees for
the past four or five years, and is the first
to present his discoveries to the World.

Bound in Cloth— 176 pages— Price, $1.00,
postpaid ; or, it will be Clubbed with the
American Bee Journal one year, for $1.75—
with the Illustrated Home Journal, for $1.75 ;
or the two Journals and the Book for $2.50.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

923 & 925 W. MadiBon-St CHICAGO, ILLS.

T'M^ StBiSMICMlf @®'^ JOHJMIfHlL'.

19

EDITOR.

Vol. mi.

Jan. 11, 18

0.2,

Jt^" Henry Alley, of Wenham, Mass.,
writes thus : " No winter here; the tem-
perature on Monday, Dec. 30, at daybreak,
was 48 degrees. Bees are wintering well."

. E^" We acknowledge with thanks a
beautiful mounted card of ferns and shells
from theRedondo Beach,California — a New
Year's present from our friend T. T. Jones,
of Los Angeles, Calif.

C. W. Costellow, Waterboro, Mass.,
has sent us one of his queen-cages for ship-
ping. It is precisely the same as the one
sent us lately by E. L. Pratt, of Marlboro,
Mass., and our remarks about that one will
apply to this.

Friend George Hilton has had
another " queen " added to his stock. By a
Fremont, Mich., paper we learn of the fact.
It says :

On Sunday morning Mr. and Mrs. Geo. E.
Hilton became the parents of another little
one— a girl. Mr. H. has a foudess for arti-
cles beginning with the letter B— Bees and
Babies. He is one of our most esteemed
townsmen.

We are glad to hear that, "by George."
Bees and Babies go well together, to show
enterprise !

The Prize Essays on "Extracted
Honey," which were called for, have been
received, and so that there may be no dis-
satisfaction, we will here state in detail the
methods of awarding the prizes.

The suggestion came from Mr. H. O.
Kruschke, and he named the chairman of
the Committee who were to examine and
award the prizes, and the editor was to ap-
point the other two members of the com-
mittee. This was done, and to secure fair-
ness and prevent anj' feeling, it was agreed
that the names of the Committee should
not be stated, and that no member of the
Committee should be allowed to compete
for the Prizes.

The modus operandi adopted was as fol-
lows: The eighteen essays sent in for
competition were all numbered, and the
names of the writers cut off, and corres-
ponding numbers put upon them. On Jan.
1, 1890, they were placed into the hands
of one member of the Committee, and the
names placed into an envelope, sealed up
and put into our office safe.

The first member of the Committee, after
reading them all over carefully, was told to
select the best three, and write their num-
bers in the order of his choice on a piece of
paper, place it in an envelope, seal it up,
and retain it.

The essays were then sent to the second
and third members of the Committee, who
were instructed to do the same as the first
member had done, and return the essays to
this office.

As soon as all the members of the Com-
mittee have examined and made the selec-
tion of the best three, they are to send the
sealed envelopes with awards to the Bee
Journal to be published. If all do not
agree, the majority (two of the three votes)
will decide the matter.

We are thus particular, because of the
large number of essays, and to prevent any
chance of unfairness. The essays are
nearly all exceptionally good, and will be
published in the Bee Journal as soon as
we can find room for them ; our readers
will therefore have the benefit of their
perusal, and of adopting the hints, methods
and suggestions therein presented, for next
season's operations.

Some flowers have come as usual
at New Year's from our friend J. W.
Winder, of New Orleans, La. He says that
they have only had two frosts there this
winter, and that the blossoms are plenty.
This year there is not as much difference
between the temperature in Chicago and
New Orleans as usual. Here the mud is
nearly ankle deep, and the grass is as green
as in spring. We have had no cold weather
yet worth mentioning. We hope that
spring will not be as backward as the win-
ter has been late in coming.

An Ksrsr-Slx'II HoiK-y-Packap^e.

— Mr. Walter Harmer, of Manistee, Mich.,
has sent us a novel package containing
granulated extracted honey. He describes
it as follows :

I send you a new package of extracted
honey, and I hope that it will arrive all
right. I had about fifty " factories " run-
ning last winter, making the packages, but
I sold my poultry last spring. I think that
the honey is granulated, as I intended it
should be for mailing. If it will interest
any one to tell about this package, I shall
be only too glad to have contributed some-
thing. It will be seen that a needle is large
enough to make a hole at the small-end of
the egg-shell, and the hole in the other end
will need to be as large as a small pea; by
running the needle in only far enough to
break the inside skin of the egg, the con-
tents can be blown out with the pressure
of one's breath.

When the shells are empty, I fill them by
means of a glass syringe, and have to be
careful not to get any honey on the edge of
the shell,or it would prevent the mixture of
rosin and beeswax from sticking. The heat
of the warm preparation needs to be coun-
teracted in some way, as it causes a little
expansion, which would force the honey
out through the hot wax.

It certainly is a curiosity, and if not too
much labor to prepare it for the market,
extracted honey put up in that manner
might sell well at fairs, and in drug-stores,
at from 5 to 10 cents each. We have seen
maple syrup put up in the same way,
simply "for fun," however, but the idea
might be used to advantage by wide-awake
apiarists. The sample sent by Mr. Harmer
is placed in the Bee Journal Museum.

U^" Albert Lindsey, of Macomb, Ills.,
writes thus:

Will you please to answer, through the
American Bee Journal, the following
questions* 1. Is 3 feet apart each way,
too close for the hives of an apiary to be
set, for the bees to do well? Or about what
distance should they be placed?

3. Should there be a space left on top of
the brood -frames for the bees to pass over
the combs during the winter? Or will it do
just as well to place the covering flat down
on the frames.

1 . Three feet will do, but more space be-
tween the hives would be more convenient.

2. Yes, use the Hill's device, and that
will give them room to pass over the combs
at pleasure.

A New ISee-Association. — Mr. W.

J. Row, of Greensburg, Pa., writes thus:

The bee-keepers of this county have or-
ganized an association to-day (Dec. 37),
known' as the Bee-Keepers' Association of
Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania,
with the following officers: President, P.
D. Miller, Grapeville; Vice-President, John
Kerr, Greensburg; Secretary, W. J. Row,
Greensburg; Treasurer, W. F. Geiger, of
Beatty. The association starts with bright
prospects for the future.

We wish the new association success.
Did it vote to affiliate with the Interna-
tional ? If not, that was a mistake at the
start.

Compreliensive, and yet easily un-
derstood, is what Mr. H. J. Rogers, of Stan-
nard's Corners, N. Y., says of Doolittle's
book on " Queen-Rearing," after he had
finished reading it. He says :

It is the most comprehensive work on the
subject I have ever seen. Usually, I have
to read some sentences over and over again
in order to get the meaning; but in this
book I can " catch on " at once. I shall try
the plan next season.

Mr. R. F. Holtermann, of Romney,

Ont., writes thus: " Friend Newman : — In
sending you my subscription for the Home
Journal, I must say that I find it is not
only a pleasure and a profit, but I feel it a
duty to support a Journal so free from ob-
jectionable matter. In my estimation its
tendency is to elevate. Accept my best
wishes for success.

20

TMm srsdEmies:!^ mmm j©ipri«mi*.

——■-■----■-— ■'■»»»*^*^*^*^»'**^*»*^*'

Hosts ot Sweet (■Iiosts. — No doubt
at first thought, many will consider this a
rather " haunting " and hobgoblinlike
item, judging only from the heading. The
definition of the word "ghost" is, "a
spirit; an apparition," and when connected
with bees, or when a colony of bees are
considered as ghosts, then the "spirited"
part of the definition may become more
than a mere " apparition," it is liable to be
quite realistic, especially if the "sweet
ghosts" are very closely inspected. We
find the item below, in the Youth's Com-
panion of recent date. If all ghostly
stories would end as " sweetly " as does the
following, they might be less objectionable:

Our house was closed for three years
while we were in Europe ; and soon after
our return, last June, we began to hear
mysterious noises. The house was hip-
roofed, and the chambers were low, with
sloping ceilings. It was in the chambers
that we heard the noises.

The sounds varied. Sometimes we heard
a low, heavy rumbling like distant thunder;
at other times we heard, or seemed to hear,
broken murmurs, like hoarse voices in con-
versation ; but usually the noise suggested
distant whispering and groanings.

We were not superstitious, but it was not
pleasant to have such things going on in the
house. For four weeks we sought vainly
for an explanation of the mystery. Rats
and mice never made such noises, nor bats
nor birds. So far as we could think, noth-
ing that files, nothing that runs, could pro-
duce such sounds as came from our haunted
chambers.

We had many curious visitors, but pretty
soon some of our more ignorant neighbors
began to shun the house. The whole afliair
was greatly exaggerated, of course, and
disagreeable rumors were speedily noised
about.

This had been going on for about four
weeks, when father came into the house
one morning, in a state of evident excite-
ment.

" Well, I've solved the mystery!" he ex-
claimed. "Its bees!"

"Bees!" we cried; "what do you mean?"

"I've seen a thousand bees, at least,
going out and in at that small hole in the
gable roof," he said. " They've swarmed
there, and that explains the whole thing."

We laughed at the idea; but father called
a carpenter, and had the small hole in the
gable enlarged. The inside of the roof was
found to be one immense bee-hive. Over
fifty pounds of delicious honey were taken
out, and, with the removal of the bees, the
mysterious sounds came to an end.

Honey and Beeswax Recipes.—

It should be the endeavor of all producers
of honey and beeswax, to discover the
various ways in which their products may
be employed, and communicate them, thus
aiding in the effort to popularize the use
of honey and beeswax among their neigh-
bors everywhere. By so doing, apiarists
will not only be liestowing a lasting benefit
upon their friends and the public in general,
but they will be helping to establish ave-
nues that will eventually demand all that
their apiaries will be able to produce. We
offer the following recipes, that may be
useful to our readers :

Chapped Hands. — Take fresh tallow and
honey in equal parts, and add one tea-
spoonful of camphor ; warm and stir before
using. Keep this in a small tin can for coil-
venience in warming.

Cough Medicine.— Boil one ounce of flax-
seed in a pint of water; strain it, and put
in an ounce of rock-candy, some honey, and
the juice of three lemons; boil it again.
This makes a nice, old-fashioned cough
medicine. Drink it hot as you can bear it.

Grakting-Wax. — The following is recom-
mended as making good grafting-wax : One
pound of white resin; 3i pound of beeswax;
linseed oil enough to make good chewing-
gum ; heat and test a portion by cooling. If
it does not break, but sticks, it is all right;
if it does break, heat it more.

Fonl-Uroody Hives Used Aenin.

The past season was a bad one for me in
the bee-business. Foul brood was the
cause. Will it be safe to use bee-hives that
have had foul brood in them, after scraping,
scalding and painting the inside of each
hive? Bees are now flying almost every
day. J. Seibold.

Homer, Ills., Dec. 23, 1889.

It will probably be quite safe to use the
hives so cleansed, but it requires careful
and thorough work, and may cost all that
they are worth, if your time is worth any-
thing.

Colden-Rod and Sqnaw-Weed.

In answer to the question, "Do bees
gather nectar from golden-rod?" I would
say that during the past season, they did,
but only a very little, although hundreds of
acres were covered with it. There is a
plant here that resembles golden-rod, that
bees work on as freely as they do on buck-
wheat. Its stalk and leaves are very much
like golden-rod ; its blossoms branch out on
each aide equally, while golden-rod blos-
soms turn to one side, giving it an arched
appearance. Its root is covered with small
fibres, about one-half or three-quarters of
an inch long, and when it is shaken out, it
looks like a cat's tail ; while the golden-rod
sends out smooth, white roots, about as
large as a wheat-straw. Perhaps some
have taken it for goldeu-rod. because its
blossoms look so much like it. There is
another plant here on the New York side of
the Berkshire hills, that is a good honey-
plant; it grows from one to two feet high,
and the stalks and leaves are covered with
a. white down. Its blossoms are about
three-eighths of an inch wide, and are a
pure white, with a brown centre that is
covered with pollen. It yields amber honey,
that, to my taste, is superior to white
clover. Some call it " everlasting " or
"squaw-weed." Will the Editor please to
give its correct name > Ariel Wellman.
South Berlin, N. Y.

The botanical names of Squaw-weed are
Eucrigeroii Philadclphwus, and Senecia
cnireiis. It is an excellent honey -producer.

Honey Almanac.

Its 32 pages are filled with interesting
facts, figures and suggestions concerning
the uses of Honey for Food, Beverages,
Cooking, Medicines, Cosmetics, Vinegar,
etc. Also, its effects on the human system
are tersely noted ; a brief refutation is given
of the Wiley lie about manufactured comb
honey ; a short dissertation sets forth the
mission of bees in fertilizing the fiowers,
and increasing the fruit product. Instead
of being an injury to fruit, bees are the
fruit-gi'owers' best friends.

Here is what is said of it by those who
have seen the Honey Almanac :

It is satisfactorily proved to me that the
Almanacs will do their work in selling
honey, judging from the effect it had on a
lady in this neighborhood. She had never
used honey to any amount before, but after
reading the Almanacs she at once ordered
50 pounds of honey from me. — C. Theil-
mann, Theilmantou, Minn.

Prices: — 25 copies for SI. 00; 50 copies
for $1.50; 100 for $2.50; 500 copies for
$10.00; 1,000 copies for $15.00, delivered
at the freight or express oflice here. The
bee-keeper's Card will be printed upon the
first page, without extra cost, when 25 or
more are ordered at one time. Postage, 40
cents per 100 extra. All orders can now be
filled as soon as received.

I^" One of our social leaders of St.
Louis society, Mrs. Mortimer Taylor, is
pictured in "Frank Leslie's Illustrated
Newspaper " this week. The paper is full
ot excellent Olustrations. The leading edi-
torial contribution is from the pen of the
Hon. Alberto. Shaw, and is on "Sneering
at Subsidies."

I[^" The Berlin, N. H., Independent of
last week contains a nice notice of the api-
aries of that locality. Of one, mentioned
particularly, in Milan, N. H., it says:

A. D. Ellingwood has one of the largest,
and best regulated and equipped apiaries
in the State. With some 75 colonies of
bees, a house built expressly for their ac-
commodation, and all the modern conven-
iences and appliances, he will doubtless
make a success of his enterprise.

Our Preniinni-I..ist Snpplement

describes many articles of great merit, and
that are useful in every family. We have
carefully selected them to offer as premiums
for getting up clubs for our Jocrkals. We
do this to induce our friends to devote a
few hours of labor for us. Our Journals
are first-class in their lines, and are needed
everywhere. We do not want any one's
labor withoutremuneration,and the articles
offered will pay for the labor of getting up
clubs, and thus the arrangement will prove
to be for our mutual advantage.

Our Clubing' List.— We have now made
arrangements with publishers ot metropolitan
Weekly Newspapers, by which we can club
them at the very low prices quoted in the
IiAST column, without premiums. The regu-
lar price of both is given in the first column.
One year's subscription for this Journal.
must" be sent with each order for another

V^ve^- Price of both. Club.

Chicago Inter-Ocean S2.00 $1.75

ChicagoTimes -•"" ii-l

CliicagoGlobe j-OO {■•%

Chicago News -■"" i'Lt

Chicago Herald......... ~-00 j-^f

Philadelphia Practical Farmer.... 2.00 1.75

New York World ~-00 \i,%

ToledoBlade 2.00 1.7&

Tmm rn'mmmicMM mmm jciturnsil.

21

Xtae International.— To the list of

Honorary Members, published on page 4,

should be added the following ;

Mr. ThimiuH W. Cowan, Hiirsham, London. Eng.
Prof. William SaunUers, Utlawa, Out., Canada.

The following was the report of the Com-
mittee on Exhibits at the Convention held
in Brantford, Out., last month :

Samples of both heavy and light founda-
tion by Chas. Dadant & Son, Hamilton, Ills.

Chaff hives with cover so arranged that
the packing may be placed in the cover, and
yet fit down closely on the hive.s, and be
lifted off without making a muss of the
packing. Shown by W. A. Chrysler, Chat-
ham, Ont. He also showed a super with
section supports of inverted M-shaped
tins; foundation fasteners, one-piece sec-
tions, etc.

E. L. Goold & Co., of Brantford, Ont.,
showed samples of Dadant foundation,
modified Langstroth hive, supers that may
be used either for sections or in extracting,
perforated zinc, smokers,one-piece sections,
and samples of honey -labels.

Joshua Bull, of Seymour, Wis., showed a
super for comb honey, with follower at the
end and side of the super.

S. Cornell, of Lindsay, Ont., part of a
side of a hive made of wired straw.

D. Anguish, of Brantford, Ont., samples
granulated and liquid extracted honey, and
specimens of several connected combs built
upward to the heighth of ten inches.

J. B. Aches, of Poplar Hill, Out., samples
of extracted honey five years old.

James R. Howell, of Brantford, Ont.,
samples of comb honey, Japanese buck-
wheat, and raspberries done in honey.

M. Emigh, of Holbrook, Out., samples of
extracted thistle honey extracted in Au-
gust, 1888, and shows no signs of candying.

Jacob Alpaugh, of St. Thomas, Ont., sam-
ple of extracted clover honey.

E. & G. W. Barber, of Hartford, Ont.,
samples of linden honey and foundation
fastener.

James R. Bellamy, of Black Bank, Out.,
sample of comb honey from watermint,
also extracted honey.

R. L. Mead, of Nassagaweya, Ont., sec-
tion foundation fastener, and samples of
extracted honey.

J. A. Foster, of Tilbury Centre, Ont., col-
lection of beeswax and samples of honey.

R. McKnight, of Owen Sound, Ont., sam-
ples of imported bottles of different sizes,
for putting up honey for market.

Samples of extracted honey from Ivar S.
Young, of Norway.

Moved by R. F. Holtermann, seconded
by Mr. Dadant, that the above be printed
in the annual report.

A Special Oliib Rate.

A Magazine of the choice literary charac-
ter which the Illustrated Home Jouknal
sustains, will add many pleasures to any
"family circle." Its beautiful Olustrations
and interesting reading-matter will make it
heartOy welcomed at every " fireside " in
the land.

We desire that every one of our readers
should secure its regular visits during the
year 1890, and in order to induce them to
do so, we will make this tempting offer :

We will Club the American Bee Jodrnal
and the Illustrated Home Journal, and
mail both periodicals during the whole year
1890 for $11.50, if the order is received at
this office before January 31, 1890.

Ciclting Sccliuiis Filled Fliiili lo
liie Edges.

Written for the American Bee Journal

Qurry 679.— An.v bee-keeper will observe
that the cappiugs of comb honey in sections is
back from the cilgcsof the section a bee-space,
leaviuff the cdKCs dimbed with tiec-glue (and
more wood in view than is desirable), wliich
cannot be cleaned ott properly, and without
some time and cxpouse. 1. Would it be de-
siriible to obviate this faulty feature, and
by the use of a very simple device, have the
cappiiigs of the honey come flusli with the
edges of the section, and with no bee-glue to
scrape therefrom ? 2. Can you suggest a plan
to accomplish it ? — New York.

1. It would be desirable. 2. No.— M.
Mahin.

1. It would be very nice. 2. I know of
no way to secure it. — A. J. Cook.

I do not know that I fully comprehend
the gist of this query. — Eugene Secor.

It would be desirable, but I cannot sug-
gest a plan. — Mrs. L. Hakkison.

1. The perfect capping of comb honey,
and the aljsence of bee-glue are very desir-
able. 2. Yes.— R. L. Taylor.

1. Yes, if not too difficult. 2. No. What
do you charge for yours? — C. C. Miller.

The less propolis we have on the sections,
the better.— G. M. Doolittle.

I have had no trouble in the direction
mentioned. I feel no want of any new de-
vice in that line. It surely would be good
for those who are in trouble. — Jas. Heddon.

I should think so. However, if the cap-
pings should come flush with the outside
edge of the section, there is a chance of
getting the sealings broken, and the honey
to running, when crating it. — J. M. Ham-

BAUOn.

If you will use the side-opening sections,
you will have none of the trouble spoken
of. You will find the comb flush all around
the edges of the section. — H. D. Cutting.

I have been experimenting to do this, and
I think that I have hit on a plan that will
generally accomplish it; but my plan re-
quires fm-ther trial. 1. It is desirable to
have the sections as full and even as pos-
sible. 2. Not yet. — C. H. Dibbern.

1. Yes, it is desirable. 2. Yes, make the
secretion of nectar abundant. When Na-
ture "skimps" the product, the gatherers
make less provision for storage, and no
mechanical ingenuity can devise a remedy,
and get it into use soon enough to do any
good.— J. M. Shuck.

1. I think that a plan that would cause
sections to be filled flush full, would be val-
uable in many cases. In others, it would
not. 2. Who can suggest a plan to do this'
Don't all speak at once. — J. E. Pond.

Some portions of "New York's" preface
are correct, and some not. 1. I should not
like to " have the cappiugs of the honey
come flush with the edges of the section;"
but I would be glad if there could be some
way devised to prevent bee-glue being put
on them. — A. B. Mason.

The observation noted is not true of the
open-side sections now in use. 1. Yes, it is
desirable to have comb honey built in sec-
tions in the manner stated, but no device is
necessary. 2. The plan to accomplish it is,
to use the open-side sections with separa-
tors as wide as the section is high. — G. L.
Tinker.

We used to make hanging section-frames
only % of an inch wide, but the sections of
to-day are an imrovement over these, be-
cause they can be crated without danger of
damaging the comb. The section open on
four sides comes the nearest to the end in
view, and can be crated as well as the
closed-end section. — Dadant & Sox.

Has any bee-keeper really observed what
you say lie will i I have failed to sec things
as you describe them. When the season i.s
propitious, my sections are nicely filled and
sealed out to the wood. If I had some plan
by which the bees could be prevented from
putting bee-glue between the edges of the
sections, and thereby save me the time and
labor it takes to scrape the glue from the
edges of the sections, I would be pleased to
inform the fraternity of my discovery at
once. — G. W. Uemaree.

The propolis is undesirable where it can-
not be scraped off, and any plan to prevent
its occurrence would be desirable, though
we cannot suggest one. Can the querist < —
The Editor.

Uoolittle on Queen-Rearing.

Queens can be reared in the upper stories
of hives used for extracted honey, where a
queen-excluding honey -board is used, which
are as good, if not superior, to Queens
reared by any other process; and that, too,
while the old Queen is doing duty below,
just the same as though Queens were not
being reared above. This is a fact, though
it is not generally known.

If you desire to know how this can be
done — how to have Queens fertilized in up-
per stories, while the old Queen is laying
below — how you may safely introduce any
Queen, at any time of the year when bees
cay fly— all about the different races of
bees— all about shipping Queens, queen-
cages, candy for queen-cages, etc.— all
about forming nuclei, multiplying or unit-
ing bees, or weak colonies, etc. ; or, in fact
everything about the queen-business which
you may want to know, send for " Doolit-
tle's Scientific Queen-Rearing;" a book of
170 pages, which is nicely bound in cloth,
and as interesting as any story. Price,
$1.00.

An edition in strong paper covers is is-
sued for premiums. It will be mailed as a
present to any one who will send us two
new subscribers to either of our Journals.

Postal I^otes are no safer to use in
letters than bank bills. Any one can get
the money on them. A Money Order can
be obtained at the post-ofHce or at the ex-
press office for 5 cents (only 2 cents more
than a Postal Note) , and is perfectly safe ;
if lost it can be re-Issued.

E^" We always extend the term of re-
newal subscriptions from the date of
expiration on our books. Present sub-
scribers whose time may expire one, two,
three or six months hence, can safely
renew now, without fear of loss thereby.

Clubs of 5 for ^.00, to any addresses.
Ten for $7.50, if all are sent at one time.

22

T'Mm M.'m.MMl^m'H @K1^ J@>^MKM]L.

BEE-NOTES.

Interesting Hinli^ and Sugges-
tions for Apiarists.

Written lor the American Bee Journal
BY S. L. WATKINS.

"There are no gains witTiout pains,"
— so says the bee-keeper.

Chapakall is an excellent honey-
and-pollen yielding plant in early
spring.

Faik Exhibits. — It pays well to ex-
hibit honey and apiarian snpplies at
fairs ; it is a splendid way to educate
the people and help the sale of honej'.

Swarming. — Colonies worked for
comb honey should not swarm to ex-
ceed 10 per cent. ; and if for extracted,
not more than 5 per cent.

Settling Swarms. — A smoke-pole is
quite handy to keep two or more
swarms from settling together. You
can prevent the others from settling,
by the use of the smoke.

Putting on Sections. — Do not put
too many sections at one time on a
colony ; too man}' has a tendency to
discourage, rather than encourage.

Extracting Honey. — Beginners in
the extracted-honey business liad bet-
ter go slow, and learn the business ; or
they may produce bad results, and get
discouraged.

Hiving Swarms. — To hive a swarm,
shake tlie bees oil' on a pole, to whicli
a caged queen is fastened. An old
sack tied around the end of the pole,
gives the bees a better surface to
cling to.

Separating Swarms. — In swarming
time, if half a dozen or so of swarms
get together, dump them on a sheet,
catch the queens and divide the bees
into as many swarms as you have
queens. Fill up the hives witli frames
of foundation, and place a frame of
unsealed brood in each hive, and tliey
are ready for business.

ClTLOROFORMiNG Bees. — Do not ex-
periment with chloroform on your val-
uable colonies when introducing the
queens. An experienced person can
introduce a queen in safety with chlo-
roform, but I would advise all bee-
keepers to let it severely alone. With
a Feet shipping and introducing cage,
it is no trouble to introduce queens.

Virgin Queens. — The virgin-queen
business will imdoubtedly increase in
the near future. I believe it is the
most practical method of infusing new
blood into an apiary. With the new
methods of introducing queens, either
virgin or fertile queens, it will be no
trouble on that part. Bee-keepers who
purchase virgin queens will be sure
of getting no in-bred queens, and by
having choice drones in your apiary,
you will soon have a superior strain.

Espercette, or Sanfoin, does well
in the mountain countries of Califor-
nia ; it grows well without water on
the rockiest kind of land. There was
not enough of it near my apiary this
season to determine its value as a
honey-plant, but the bees worked on it
first-rate. A bee-keeper in Marin
county, Calif., informed me that it is
destined to become one of the leading
forage and honey-producing plants of
the country.

Large Honey- Yields. — Bee-keepers
situated in the "Great American Des-
ert," have realized the most money
from their apiai'ies this season. Mr. J.
L. Gregg, of Tempe, Maricopa county,
Arizona, reports 485 pounds to the
colony, and his apiary is composed of
something like 200 colonies. The
principal source of bloom that it was
gathered from, was alfalfa and mes-
quite. Mr. Ball, of Reno, Nevada,
secured 12,000 pounds of comb honey,
and 5,000 pounds of extracted honey,
all from 200 colonies. His crop was
gathered from alfalfa.

Bees and Fruit. — Bees are an ad-
vantage to all fruit-growers, by assist-
ing Nature in the fertilization of
flowers. A great many people think
that bees puncture grapes, but this is a
mistake ; they work on them after
yellow-jackets and other insects, that
have strong mandibles, have punctured
them. Bees never injure sound fruit.

After grapes and other fruits have
bursted, it will soon rot, anyway, and
bees might as well have the sweets
from it as to let it waste. They be-
lieve in "gathering up the fragments,"
that nothing may be lost.

Floods and Snow. — We are having
very stormy weather in California, and
if it continues much longer, there will
be considerable damage done by
floods. A great many bridges along
the Sacramento river have been washed
away. Several counties bordering
on the river are three-fourths under
water now ; and several feet deep, in
some places.

There is about fifteen feet of snow
on the summits of the Sierra Nevadas,
and it is still snowing.

Strong Colonies. — A good plan to
get a large body of bees to work in a
hive, is to hive the new swarm that
comes out, on frames of foundation,
and put it under the old colony, plac-
ing a wire-screen between the two.
Next, remove all the queen-cells and
the queen, in the old hive. Let the
wire-screen remain for a week ; by that
time, if it is an average honey season,
the new colony will have things pretty
well filled up. You can then venture
to put on an empty story, filled with
frames of foundation, between the old
and the new colony ; and, if there is
favorable weather, they will commence
operations at once.

If any apiarist has a better method
of securing a large number of workers
in a hive for a honey harvest, than the
foregoing, I should be pleased to hear
of it.

Placerville, Calif., Dec. 17, 1889.

MICHIGAN.

Tlie Bee-Keepers of tlie State
in Council.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY H. D. cutting.

The Michigan State Bee-Keepers'
Association held its 24th annual meet-
ing on Dec. 26 and 27, 1889, at Lans-
ing, in the Capitol building. The at-
tendance was much larger than it has
been for several years. The weather
was fine, and that, with the cheap rates
of railroad fare, caused many more
than usual to come. The Hudson
House was in a crowded condition, but
everything was done for the members
to make it more pleasant.

At the close of the meeting a vote of
thanks was extended to the Managers
of the Hudson House for courtesies
shown the members of this Association.

The convention was called to order
by the President, Prof. A. J. Cook, in
a few genial remarks, that made every
one feel at ease.

The minutes of the last meeting, and
the report of the Secretary, were read
and approved.

Mr. K. Shoshima, of Torsys, Japan,
who is a graduate of one of the Agri-
cultural Colleges of Japan, and who is
now taking a course in Entomology
and Bee-Keeping at the Michigan State
Agricultural College, was present, and
Dr. Mason moved that he be made an
Honorary member of this Association.

Mr. Shoshima says that bee-keeping
in Japan is carried on in a very crude
manner. The honey is dark, and
mostly used for medicine — buckwheat
being the principal honey resource.
Buckwheat is largely raised and used
in Japan, of which they have many
varieties.

TTMie mH^'EMIVMM MMW ^O'UHMMmi*,

23

>>^*^«^»^*<

- - — ■'~-''

The Secretary then read the follow-
ing from G. M. Doolittle, Borodino, N.
y.o ititled,

UoM- to Kiiiia lip Colonics in the
Sprins: tor tiie Homey Harvest.

As an introduction, I wish to say
that a bee-convention whose time is
all taken up with long essays, is nearly,
or quite, a failure ; at least they have
always been so, as far as I am con-
cerned. I also wish to say that a bee-
convention without any essays, is little,
if any, better than one that is all es-
says. What do we want, then ? Simply
some thoughts on several points re-
garding our pursuit, written by as
many different persons, as " stai'ters "
for a discussion of these various points.
Am I right ? If not, let this matter be
discussed, and the apiarists in conven-
tion show where the above is wrong.

After this" introduction^ let no one
think that I am going to " bore" them
with a long essay on building up colo-
nies for the honey harvest. In 1876
and 1877, Mr. J. H. Townly, of Jack-
son, Mich., pressed upon the bee-keep-
ers of the land the necessity of keep-
ing bees warm as soon as out of winter
quarters, by means of some extra pro-
tection on the outside of single-walled
hives, if we would have our bees build
up so as to take advantage of the first
honey-flow, recommending that the
hives be put in I'ough boxes somewhat
larger than the hives, the space be-
tween being filled vyith chaff or fine
straw.

Ten years later, Mr. W. Z. Hutchin-
son, of the same State, emphasized the
matter in his book, "Production of
Comb Honey," and I so far agree with
them, that I lay down this proposition,
viz : No bee-keeper residing north of
latitude 40°, can secure the best results
in dollars and cents from his bees, un-
less he so protects them in the spring,
whether wintered in the cellar or on
the summer stand. Some say that the
cost of so protecting them is more than
the gain amounts to. What says this
convention ?

Prof. A. J. Cook, and others, say
that in addition to all other favorable
circumstances, bees must be fed, by
way of stimulative feeding, at all times
when they are not gathering honey, in
order to build colonies up rapidly in
the spring ; for in proportion to the
number of days that sweets are carried,
so will the brood make a gain over
what it would if no sweets were
carried.

Without contradicting the above
statement, I wish to say that the daily
feeding of colonies is a task that most
bee-keepers do not relish, and for this
reason it is to be avoided, if possible
That it maybe avoided, I make this
statement : Bees having a large sup

ply of honey in their hives, will build
up just as fast without any stimulative
feeding, as will a colony having little
or no stores, under daily feeding ; and
if the full combs of honey are placed
on one side of a divison-board, and the
brood on the other, so that the bees
have to carry their food around this
board, they will build up faster than
they will in either of the other cases.
Can any one disprove it ? If not, it
stands a fact.

Some say that in the foregoing we
have all that is necessary, and that
further "fussing" is time worse than
wasted ; but I say that when any col-
ony becomes strong enough to have
brood in five combs, so that these
combs average two-thirds full, a gain
is to be made which will much more
than pay for the time employed, by
reversing the brood-nest, regardless of
the style of the hive or frame used.

By reversing the brood-nest, I mean
the putting of the center combs, which
are full of brood, on the outside ; and
putting those having the least brood,
that were on the outside, in the centre.
Now leave them until the hive is so
well filled with bees that they have
brood in all but the two outside combs
(the centre combs being filled out to
the frame on all sides), when the brood
is to be reversed again, putting the
combs that ai-e entirely filled with
brood, out next to these outside combs,
and those having the least in them, in
the center. A gain of a week, at least,
is made in this way to each hive, and
this week of honey-gathering will more
than pay for the necessary trouble and
time. If this is not true, give us the
reason why.

In these three items, we have the
main points used in building up colo-
nies, where the bee-keeper desires to
work all the colonies that his apiaiy
contains. If he has more colonies
than he cares for, a greatgain is made
by shutting all colonies that are not up
to the full standard of strength, on
one-half of the combs that each hive
contains, and when these combs are
perfectly filled with brood, unite two
of them, by putting combs, bees and
all into one hive, leaving the queen of
one of them and the few bees which
adhere to the sides of the hive, in the
other hive, to form a nucleus. If they
are given an empty comb, or one hav-
ing some honey in it, and an empty
frame, you will soon have a two-frame
nucleus that will be a source of com-
fort.

The united colony will be ready for
the sections at once, and when they
swarm, if they do, all you have to do is
to shake all the bees off the combs of
brood, putting empty frames in their
places, or frames of comb foundation ;
and carry the brood to the nucleus,

thus giving you the full working-force
on the old stand, and two good colo-
nies in the fall.

The half-depth chambers work very
handily in using the foregoing plan,
as they can be used singly until the
time of uniting, and then one put on
top of the other, in uniting. If no one
has tried this plan, he will be aston-
ished at the results which can be ob-
tained.

All the foregoing is for a locality
where white clover, or an early crop of
honey is to be worked for. If buck-
wheat or fall flowei'S are to give the
crop of honey, then the bees will build
up in time, of their own accord, and
the only thing the apiarist has to look
after, is to see that they have plenty
of stores at all times.

G. M. Doolittle.

Geo. E. Hilton strongly advocated
the use of double-walled hives, and the
equalization of brood from one hive to
another. Some did not think it best
to disturb the brood in the spring,
while others thought the changing of
brood from centre to outside was bene-
ficial, but dangerous unless the hive
was protected by an outer ease filled
with straw, leaves, sawdust, or other
material.

On a vote being taken, a lai'ge ma-
jority voted in favor of single-walled
hives, with outer ease, packed in the
spring. A. I. Root, M. H. Hunt and
several others were in favor of chaff-
packed hives, the entire year.

Dr. A. B. Mason was in full accord
with Mr. Doolittle, and strongly ad-
vocated spring protection.

W. Z. Hutchinson did not believe it
best to disturb the brood at all.

A. I. Root would caution all novices
in spreading brood. He had never,
by practical tests, seen any benefit
from it.

M. H. Hunt had seen gi-eat benefit
from spreading the brood.

Prof. Cook asked dift'erent ones, if
they were to start an apiary, what kind
of hive they would use.

H. D. Cutting would use a simple,
plain Langstroth hive, single wall, with
loose bottom-board.

W. Z. Hutchinson would use the
same, but wanted spring protection.

Dr. A. B. Mason would start with
chaff hives, and use them the entire
year.

W. D. Soper had taken nearly all of
his bees out of the chaff hives and
placed them in the cellar.

Geo. E. Hilton explained how he
placed his bees in clamps ; he had 100
colonies so protected. His out apiary
had done much better than the home
apiary. The pasturage was much bet-
ter than the bees had at home.

24

Tmm m.-mmmiGmM mwm j®wkksiu.

On a vote being taken, all were in
favor of ample stores in the spring.

Prof. Cook gave the essay of Mr.
Doolittle gi-eat praise. It certainly re-
ceived the greatest discussion of any
essay, with great interest to all.

The question-box was then opened
by President Cook, as follows :

PLACES TO WINTER BEES.

" Is it detrimental to health, to keep
bees in the cellar under a living-
room ?" Messrs. R. L. Taylor,
Mason, Cook, Hilton, and others dis-
cussed the question. If the cellar is
kept clean, and all dead bees swept
up, there is no danger.

"Is a solid stone-wall house built
above ground, a good place to put bees
for winter ?"

Geo. E. Hilton, who is a practical
stone-mason, gave some excellent ad-
vice about putting up such buildings.
He considered a solid stone wall the
poorest of all — frost would go through
a solid stone wall over four feet thick.

"Can bee-keeping be made to pay,
one year with another ?"

M. H. Hunt said that it always pays
him. R. L. Taylor said that it paid
him, when he secured a crop of honey.

The convention then adiou'-ned un-
till 1:30 p.m.

AFTERNOON SESSION.

The convention was called to order
with President Cook in the chair, and
the question-box was resumed.

FINDING QUEENS — EXCLUDERS.

" What is the best method of finding
queens ?"

R. L. Taylor gave his method as fol-
lows : Smoke the entrance, rap on the
back of the hive, remove the sections
quickly, then remove the honey-board,
and you will find the queen on the
honey-board, nearly every time.

"Does the ' excluder ' exclude ?"

A. I. Root said that they make three
sizes of zinc, and has calls for all three
sizes. The larger size will exclude
drones, but not queens ; the second
size, drones and many queens ; and the
third size excludes any queens, and
some other bees.

Vy. Z. Hutchinson said that 5-32 of
an inch will exclude any queen.

BOTTOM-BOARDS— EQUALIZING BROOD.

"Are loose bottom-boards desir-
able?" A. I. Root said "Yes and no."
Messrs. Taylor, Hutchinson, Cutting,
Mason, Gordon, Soperand many others
said, " Yes."

"Is it best to take brood from one
colony, to help another ?"

Mr. Hilton thought that it is best to
do so to equalize.

Dr. Higbie thought that he had saved
a good many queens by so doing.

A. I. Root thought that we cripple
the colony by taking brood from it.

Dr. Mason said that he has injured
strong colonies by so doing, but thinks
that locality has much to do with it.

WAX FOR COMB FOUNDATION.

' ' Which is to be preferi-ed, white or
yellow wax for making comb founda-
tion ?"

R. L. Taylor thought that the yellow
is best, if it is clear and soft.

M. H. Hunt prefers yellow wax. A.
I. Root had seen nice, white wax from
the South.

MARKETING THE HONEY CROP.

" How can we best sell our honey ?"

Mr. Hilton put it up as the market
demanded, and cultivated a home
market.

Mr. Fellows advocated the home
market.

Mr. Gordon sold from 6,000 to 7,000
pounds, at 6 to 8 cents pe.- pound, sell-
ing 6 to 8 gallons at one time.

Dr. Mason said that a firm in Toledo
sold from house to house, over 40 bar-
rels of honey, receiving $1.00 for 6
pounds. They are the Moore Bros.

W. D. Soper said that 2-quart pails
sell the best in the market in Jackson,
Mich.

A. I. Root described the method of
procedure of the Moore Bros. One
brother and sister went ahead with
samples, and when sales were made,
took the numbers of the houses and
the names of the families, requesting
them to have the money all ready
when the delivery cart came around.
The names and amounts wanted were
given to the other brother, who fol-
lowed with a hand-cart, and delivered.
The honey was in Mason glass jars.
After they canvas one city, they go to
another.

W. Z. Hutchinson said that he can
do better to sell direct to commission
men.

Dr. Higbie recommends all who ped-
dle, to take both comb and extracted
honey. He has sold 100 pounds per
day in that way.

GROWING ALSIKE CLOVER.

M. H. Hunt was called upon, and
gave much information about Alsike
clover. He had raised it for twelve
years, and said that more seed can be
obtained from it than from red clover.
For hay, he sowed 2 pounds of Alsike
vvith the same amount of timothy ; it
ripens at the same time, and does the
best on rich, moist soil — dry soil is
" no good." For seed, he sowed on
summer-fallow, clear of weeds. The
seed he got from the second cutting.
It did not do well with red clover, as
the red crowded it out. Cattle are
very fond of it, and crop it close to the projections.

ground. It will not heave in winter.
It will gi-ow four feet long, and cattle
and sheep will eat every particle of it.

President Cook thought that 2
pounds of Alsike and 4 pounds of red
clover seed would be best to sow for
farmers to pasture. Alsike will run
for 5 to 6 years, while the red will last
but 2 years.

Mr Gordon reported a yield of honey
amounting to 1,300 pounds from a
field of Alsike, while no other honey
was gathered in the county. Red
clover will not do well on low, moist
ground.

The following essay by H. D. Cut-
ting was then read by the Secretary,
on the

Preservation of Our Basswood
Xiniber.

Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen :

I think that the time has come when
this, the oldest Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion in this country, should take some
action in regard to the preservation of
our " lindens," commonly known as
basswood. I think that it is generally
conceded by all bee-keepers, that bass-
wood is the leading source of honey in
the great majority of States. The dis-
truction of this timber is more than
many of you realize. At the present
rapid rate of destruction, it will be but
a few years when basswood honey will
be at a premium.

I see that many report that bass-
wood has already failed in localities
where but a few years ago it' yielded
great quantities of nectar. As you all
know, basswood timber is largely con-
sumed in the manufacture of hives,
cases, sections, separators, etc.

I am opposed to the use of basswood
for sections, for several reasons. It is
like "killing the goose that lays the
golden egg." Every tree that is cut
for the use of sections, takes just that
much from the honey-crop for years to
come. The only thing of any account
in favor of basswood for sections is,
that it will make the "one-piece sec-
tion." We have other timber just as
good — yes, much better than basswood
for this purpose.

Poplar is much nicer and as cheap.
It is finer grained, harder, and will
not soil as readily as basswood. Spruce
also makes a beautiful section. I am
greatly in favor of the four-piece sec-
tion, and when well made it is a much
better section than any one-piece sec-
tion. I challenge any one to make
one-piece basswood sections as fine as
the samples of four-piece sections on
exhibition here to-day. Afer using the
side-opening section for several years,
I am convinced of its superiority over
the old style. I can get honey in much
finer condition, with no bulging or

TH® JEMERICJRJNt BEE; JQURJHatt,.

25

Many prefer the one-piece to the
four-piece sections because they are
the more readily put together ; but
witli the simple machines now on the
marlvet, for puttinja; sections togetlier,
the worlj is nothing compared witli
what it was. I have one machine that
cost only one dollar, and my little boy,
six j'ears old, thinks it "just fun "to
put the four-piece sections up, ready
for the foundation.

I also find by actual experience that
poplar or whitewood makes a much
finer separator than basswood, and I
have never seen a case where the sep-
arator was torn down ; but with bass-
wood, I often find them entirely
spoiled for future use, like the sample
here shown.

The supply is governed by the de-
mand. If there is no demand for ba-ss-
wood sections and separators, there
will be none made, but manufacturers
will turn their attention to supplying
the wants of their customers, with a
material not detrimental to their busi-
ness. H. D. Cutting.

The essay was followed by the read-
ing of letters from H. R. Boardman, of
East Townsend, Oiiio, and E. A.
Manum, of Bristol, Vt , strongly con-
demning the destruction of the bass-
wood. Mr. Manum recommends the
four-piece sections made of poplar, as
the best sections now in use.

The matter was discussed by A. I.
Root, M. H. Hunt, Geo. B. Hilton, and
others.

A. I. Root said that they had made
one-piece sections from poplar. He
thought that the open-side sections
were a good thing, and the samples on
exhibition filled with honey, carried
great weight. He said that the half-
pound sections did not sell ; the one-
pound sections were the best.

A vote was taken on the suljject,
and the majority were in favor of the
one-piece sections, yet the largest
honey-producers present were in favor
of the four-piece, poplar section.

R. L. Taylor was very much in favor
of the four-piece sections ; he, as well
as several others, claimed that they
could put them up for less money than
the one-piece ; there was no waste ; he
gets his sections put up for 5 cents per
one hundred.

FULL SHEETS VS. STAETERS IN SECTIONS.

"Is it best to fill sections with foun-
dation, or only use a small starter ?"
was asked. After discussing this ques-
tion, a vote was taken, which resulted
in a large majority voting in favor of
filling the sections.

M. H. Hunt showed some very fine
foundation, extra thin, made on the
new, flat-bottom mill.

The Secretary showed a number of
sections filled with comb, built in

1888, and filled with honey in 1889,
and to all app(\arance, just as nice as
newly-made comb. On a vote being
taken, the majority were in favor of
using such combs, if in good condition,
clean and bright.

SEPARATOliS vs. SEPARATORS.

The President called on R. L. Tay-
lor to support the negative, and H. D.
Cutting for affirmative.

After quite a discussion, a vote was
taken, and a large majority were in
favor of separators.

EVENING SESSION.

The Association were invited to hold
the balance of their meetings in the
Senate Chamber. President Cook oc-
cupied the Speaker's desk, with Sena-
tor R. L. Taylor at his old desk.

President O. Clute, of the State
Agricultural College, and author of
"Blessed Bees," being present. Presi-
dent Cook called on him for a few re-
marks, after which the President read
his annual address, combined with the
"Different Varieties of Bees."

[This will appear in a future issue. —
Ed.]

A. I. Root gave his experience with
the Carniolan bees, but thought that he
had never had good Carniolans.

W. Z. Hutchinson said that his Car-
niolans compared very favorably with
Italians, and much better than the
blacks, and finished their work in fine
condition.

Prof. Cook thinks that the combina-
tion of Carniolan and Syrian bees will
make a grand cross.

H. D. Cutting said he had Carnio-
lans for several years, and was well
pleased with them. They were the
first to swarm, but were not excessive
swarmer.s — no more so than Italians.
He gave them plenty of i-oom, and they
gathered honey rapidly, and it made a
fine appearance.

R. L. Taylor followed with a well-
written essay on "Foul Brood."

[This will appear in a future issue. —
Ed.]

This matter was discussed at length
by President Clute, Prof. Cook, Dr.
Mason, A. I. Root, W. D. Soper, and
others.

Mr. Taylor explained at length the
appearance of dead brood and bees
found in the front of the hive. He
thought it also afl"ected mature bees.

XHE SECOniD MAY.

MORNING SESSION.
The convention opened with Presi-
dent Cook in the chair.

BEE-KEEPING WITH OTHER PURSUITS.

" What vocation will help bee-keep-
ing in a poor season ?" was asked.
Prof. Cook called on nearly all the

members present for their views. The
greater number advocated general
farming.

Mr. Boyden gave one-half the in-
crease to his boys, wliich interested
tliem, and made the work light all
around.

Mr. Barnes bought furs and kept
poultry, and thought that poultry pays
well with bee-keeping.

L. C. Woodman, of Grand Rapids,
an extensive fruit-grower and bee-
keeper, gave a discription of his fruit-
farm and manner of caring for his
bees. He had 70 acres in fruit, 10
acres in raspberries, and raised large
quantities of currants, gooseberries,
peaches and apples. The fruit paid
the best outside of the Ijees. Raspber-
ries and peaches paid well ; yet for the
amount of capital invested, the bees
paid the best of all.

QUEEN-TRAPS — COMIMON OR FLAT-BASE
FOUNDATION.

"Are queen-traps a success ?"

R. L. Taylor said they were a great
help to him.

"Which is best, common or flat-
base foundation for sections ?"

M. H. Hunt spoke very highly of the
flat-base foundation. W. Z. Hutchin-
son had used it, and was well pleased
with it. He said that the bees, in
changing the base, made it very thin,
like natural comb.

Some thought that the wax was
much harder than the common, and
did not woi'k as readily.

President Cook said that we should
not condemn any foundation on a first
trial, as wax differs greatly in quality.

JAPANESE BUCKWHEAT.

President Cook then called on A. I.
Root to tell the Convention about
"Japanese buckwheat." He said that
it was much better than the common
and silver-hull, as they were uncertain
for crops of honey and grain. Alsike
clover and Japanese buckwheat are the
best for honej'. He thinks that it is
best to drop all other kinds of buck-
wheat, and adopt the Japanese, as it is
so much better.

President Cook said that the Japa-
nese variety at the College had done
splendidly', while the common and
silver-hull had done nothing. "One of
the Lansing millers thought it yielded
the best of any buckwheat. Some
millers found it diflicult to grind, as
they were not prepared to handle it.

Dr. Mason said that it had done
splendidly in his locality.

TEMPERATURE OF BEE-CELLARS.

" What is the proper temperature for
bee-cellars ?"

Dr. Mason wanted it at 50^ ; nothing
below that. He leaves oflf the bottom-

26

Tmm rnvmrnmi^mm mnm j@^MifMi*.

boards, which will account for such a
high temperature.

H. D. Cutting wanted it from 38° to
45° ; a low temperature requires a
dry cellar.

On a vote being taken, the majority
were in favor of -HP to 45°.

The selection of tlie location for the
next meeting being in order, R. L.
Taylor moved, and the motion was
carried, that we meet in Detroit, on
Jan. 1 and 2, 1891, as at that time the
members would be sure of reduced
rates on all railroads. As this will be
the 25th anniversary of this Associa-
tion, it is expected that the meeting
will be the largest ever held by the
Association.

The election of officers by ballot re-
sulted as follows : President, A. J.
Cook ; 1st Vice-President, M. H. Hunt;
2d Vice-President, W. Z. Hutchinson ;
3rd Vice-President, W. R. Fellows ;
Secretary, H. D. Cutting ; Treasurer,
H. E. Gordon ; and Assistant Secretary,
Geo. E. Hilton.

A discussion of the revised premium
list occupied the balance of the fore-
noon.

AFTERNOON SESSION.

The discussion of the premium list
was resumed, when it was adopted
with the several changes and additions,
and the Secretary was authorized to
send a copj^ of the list to all societies
in the State, and anj' others who re-
quest the same. It is as follows :

Exhibitors will not be allowed to remove
honey from the exhibit during the lair, but
may sell from a reserved supply.

In Judging bees, purity of race shall consti-
tute the competing points.

Bees must not be allowed to flj- during hours
of exhibition.

Bees must be exhibited in such shape that
each comb may be seen on both sides.

1st 2d 3d

Most attractive display of comb
honey S35 S20 $10

Specimen of comb honey, not less
than 20 lbs., quality and manner
of putting up for marlict to be
considered 10 5

Most attractive display of extrac-
ted honey 33 20 10

Specimen of extracted honey, not
less than 20 lbs., quality and man-
ner of putting up for marliet to
beconsiderod 10 .">

Display of comb honey Ijy a lady.. 20 10

Display of extracted honey by a
lady 20 10

Most attractive display of beeswax 20 10

Specimen of beeswax, not less than
10 lbs., soft, bright jellow wax
to be given the preference 6 3

Single-comb Nucleus Italian bees.. 10 .5

Single-comb Nucleus black bees .. 10 5

Single-comb Nucleus Syrian bees. . 10 5

Single - comb Nucleus Carniolan
bees 10 5

SWEBPSTAKES ON BEES.

Display, in single-comb Nuclei, of
the greatest variety of the differ-
ent races of bees 10 5

Assortment of honey-candies, qual-
ity to govern 6 4

Assortment of fruits preserved in
honey, quality to govern 6 4

Display of pastry made with honey 6 4

Honey Vinegar, not less than one
gallon, shown in glass 6 3

Specimen of Comb Foundation for
use in the brood-chamber 6 3

Specimen of Comb Foundation for
use in section-boxes 6 3

Comb Foundation, for use in the
brood - chamber, made on the
grounds 20 10

Comb Foundation, for use in sec-
tion-boxes, made on the grounds 20 10

SWEEPSTAKES.

The largest, best, most interesting,
attractive and instructive exhi-
bition in this department, all
things considered 35 20 10

It was voted that Dr. A. B. Mason
be selected as superintendent of the
bee and honey department at the
World's Fair, in 1892.

Geo. E. Hilton then read the follow-
ing essay, on

Can tUe Averaste Parmer make
Bee-Keopinjg- Pay ?

Had our worthy Secretary asked the
question, "Will it pay the majority of
farmers to keep bees ?" I should an-
swer, " No." But assuming that the
majority of farmers are partially com-
posed of the " average farmer," then
the assertion should be qualified.

The farmer who '-can't afford " com-
fortable quarters for his stock, and
can only afford to have wood enough
ahead to last over night, and who sits
around the cook-stove during these
long winter evenings, his knees form-
ing a rest for his elbows, and his hands
for his chin — who "can't afford" to
take a paper, or furnish a lamp to
read it by (should his more enterpris-
ing neighbor lend him one) — the
farmer who " can't afford " to have a
stove and a good lamp in his best
room, where his cliildren can invite
their mates and spend their evenings
in pleasure and profit, but who can
afford to see them go to the " Center "
every night, and see the marks of dis-
sipation become more plain on their
fair faces daily, but who enjoy hearing
their neighbors' sa3% "The carpet in
their best room looks as good as new,"
when the facts are, it was bought
twenty years ago — my friends, there
are such localities, and where the ma-
jorit}' of farmers are comfortably well
off, and are considered the average, or
a little above the average farmer — in
these localities it will not pay the
average farmer to keep bees. It is
very gratifying, however, to observe
that these localities are growing beau-
tifully less.

In other localities, where the "aver-
age farmer" comprises those who by
thrift, energy and enterprise, have
good provisions for their families and
stock, who make the most of every-
thing, and know how to market their
products to the best advantage, being
posted through the mediumship of the
best periodicals representing his indus-
tries — these farmers, should they
have the natural inclination, will make
bee-keeping pay, for the reason that
thej' will give it the same proportionate
attention that they give tiieir other

rural industries. In.stead of sitting
around the cook-stove, and complain-
ing of the hard times, and the bad laws
that hamper them and destroy their
bright, intelligent boys that they have
been hoping would in the near future
relieve them of some of their imaginary
hardships, they are just taking colj-
fort, making bee-hives, and getting
everything in readiness for the coming
busy season.

Bee-keeping has passed its "luck
period," and is now and established
science. But still the past three sea-
sons have proven that it is not the
specialist that has produced the honey,
or made the best margins on what he
did produce. My 250 colonies in two
yards have not aver.aged to exceed 16
pounds each, but have required about
the same attention that they would,
had they produced GO pounds each — as
those not to exceed five miles away did
with about the same pasturage, but
only four or five in a place. With a
good season, of course the scales would
be turned.

But many of us are feeling that these
good seasons are the exception and
not the rule. Bee-keeping is a rural
industry, and with the intelligent,
wide-awake farmer it belongs, and
with it he will succeed. If this is the
" average farmer," then it will pay
him to keep bees ; but if, on the other
hand, he belongs to the class first de-
scribed, bee-keeping, like everything
else he does, will not pay.

Geo. E. Hilton.

It was voted that our thanks be ex-
tended to the President and Secretary
for their kindness and extra work in
making this the most successful meet-
ing held by this Association for many
years.

The Committee on Exhibits reported
as follows :

M. H. Hunt, of Bell Branch, Mich., ex-
hibited some very fine flat-bottomed foun-
dation of his own manufacture ; foundation
for brood; nice one-piece sections, and
Alsike clover seed.

H. D. Cutting, of Clinton, Mich., exhibit-
ed extracted red-clover honey, and comb
honey ; with a sample of honey-candy.

Dr. G. L. Tinker, of New Philadelphia,
Ohio, exhibited samples of four-piece sec-
tions, and wood separators.

E. L. Pratt, of Marlboro, Mass., exhibited
queen-cages.

W. D. Soper, of Jackson, Mich., exhibited
smart-weed comb honey ; horse-mint, bass-
wood, and Alsike extracted honey.

Jacob E. Timpe, of Grand Ledge, Mich.,
exhibited a brood-frame holding six one-
pound sections, with removable bottom-bar
held by hooks.

Geo. E. Hilton, of Fremont, Mich., showed
a T super, so modified that it deserves the
name of " Hilton's Improved T Super." The
sections and separators are held in place
by set-screws.

There was also on exhibition a large
amount of good, sound sense and solid en-
.loyment, with a fair share of mirth, which

'^■mm mTm.mmicnn ^hm jowmf^^m..

27

has usually been as much enjoyed l>y those
introducing it, as those indulging in it; and
the amount of ignorance shown has been
marked by its absence.— Com/iiittcc, A. B.
Mason, Oeo. E. Hilton, W. D. Super.

The convention then iiiljourned to
meet in Detroit, Mich., on Jan. 1 and
2, 1891. H. D. Cutting, Sec.

SWARM-HIVER.

Novel Self-Hiving Arrang;enieiil
for Bees.

Written for the American Bee Jowmal

BY HENKY ALLEY.

Some few weeks since I saw a notice
in the American Bee Journal that
some one had devised an arrangement
by which a swarm of bees, when they
issued, would hive themselves ; but the
inventor, before he could describe and
illustrate it, first wanted the bee-keep-
ers to raise $1,000 to pay for the illus-
tration.

Well, I was then not quite ready to
bring before the bee-keeping public

need confirming ? Let me see if I can-
not show that bees will do just as rep-
resented in tin? foregoing statement :

How many of us have known bees to
swarm, and, losing their rjueen on the
ground, return to the home hive ?
After awhile tlie queen would crawl
up under the bottom-board of the hive,
when the bees would join her, and at
once commence to build comb there. I
saw this very tlung in May, 1889, in
the apiary of Mr. L. E. Burnham, of
Essex, Mass.

When the bees have found the
queen, not one of them will enter tlie
the old home again.

I believe that this invention com-
pletes the last thing needed to make
bee-keeping a success under nearly all
conditions. The small bee-keeper,and
all those who have business to take
tliem awaj' from home during the day,
need not fear of losing their swarms,
as each one when it issues will hive it-
self without the aid of any person.

The cost of the arrangement is
about the same as one drone-trap. A
patent has been applied for on it.

Tlie Self-Eaing Arrangemtnl.

the device which, is liere illustrated
and described. The arrangement is
shown at the entrance of two bee-
hives ; if the upper-chamber of the
drone-trap is removed from two traps,
and one each placed at the entrance of
two bee-hives, and the two traps are
connected by a passage-way formed bj'
a tube made of perforted metal, one
may get a good idea of this new de-
vice for hiving bees when they swarm.

The empty hive is placed at the side
of the hive whose colony is expected
to swarm, and the "swarraer" fixed
in position as shown in the accompanj'-
ing illustration. When once in place,
the bee-master can go about his busi-
ness, whether fifty miles away or near
the apiary ; and he can rest assured
that, should the bees swarm during
his absence, they will be self-hived,
and all settled to work upon his re-
turn.

When a swarm issues, the queen will
be conducted to the new hive ; the bees
miss her, and, as is perfectly natural,
will find her in the new hive, and
readily join her. Should any bees, on
their return, enter the home hive, they
would gradually join the swarm in the
new home. Does this last statement

INCREASE.

Trying the methods for the Pre-
vention of Increase.

Written tor the Amerityn Bee Journal
BY J. C. STEWART.

As I have all the bees I want, I
hailed with expectation a method that
would give larger colonies, and ef-
fectually control increase. This was
claimed for one plan, by Eastern men,
namely, to take away the queen, and
in ten days cut oil" the cells ; then do
the same in six days more, and release
the queen, or introduce a virgin queen.

I had 14 colonies in one row, and
when swarming began, I took queen-
cages and caught the 14 queens and
caged them, hanging the cages be-
tween two frames. What was ni}' sur-
prise, on opening the hives ten days
later, to find six of these queens dead.
In eight more hives I took a frame of
brood and bees with the queen and
placed them in a nucleus hive beside
the old one ; then in six days I re-
turned the frame, queen and all. This
last plan I liked best.

It produced powerful colonies, and
all were storing in the sections, but in
a few days one-half of them were
hanging outside the hive, and refused
to work ; and they kei)t loafing worse,
utterly stopping work in the surplus
sections. But I tried every way that I
knew. I gave some, virgin queens
after 10 or 15 days, and a few were
retained, but most of them were killed
after awhile, when I would look, ex-
pecting to find a laying queen and
fonnd none. Such a colony, with no
brood or queen, did no work in the
sections.

I found it hard to introduce any
kind of a queen in some hives. Those
that received a queen did well in the
sections, and perhaps if I had taken
more pains in introducing, all would
have worked well. Some colonies
treated in the same way last year, did
splendidl}-. If it was not for the expense
of new hives, I should sa}', better let
them swarm. There is three times the
work about it that there is in hiving
swarms. I am uncertain about the
plan !

Hopkins, Mo.

ConTention l^otices.

B^*" The spring meeting of the Northern Illinois
Bee-Keepers' Association, will meet at the residence
of D. A. Fuller, in Cherry Vallev, Ills., on May 19th,
189(X D. A. Fuller, Sec.

B^~ The Indiana State Bee-Keepers' Association,
will hold its tenth annual 'meeting at Indianapolis,
Ind., on Wednesday. Jan. 15, 189(.i, at 1 p.m. AH bee-
keepers are cordiaflv invited.

Geo. C. Thompson, Sec, Southport, Ind.

t^~ The twelfth annual meeting of the Nebraska
State Bee-Keepers' Association, will be hel'l in the
Lecture Room of Nebraska Hall of the State Uni-
versity, at Lincoln. Neb., on Jan. 1.",. 16 and 17, 1890.
Every bee-keeper and lover of honey is invited to
meet with us. Tlie Horticultural Association meets
at I^inctfln at the same time, and arrangements are
now being perfected to hold joint sessi^tns.

J. N. Heatek, Sec. Columbus. Neb .

BS^ The annual meeting of the Colorado State
Bee-Keepers' Association, will be held in the Cham-
ber of Commerce building, in Denver, Colo., on the
third Monday in January, is9u. for the election of
officers and other business. Everybody is invited to
attend. E. Millkson, Pres.

B^^~ The Eastern New York Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, will meet in Convention. Jan. 20 and 21, 1S90, in
Agricultural Hall, Albany. N. Y.. at lo a.m. All in-
terested in bee-keeping are cordially invited to
attend. The Farmers' Institute is held at the same
place on Jan. -22 and 23, 1890.

W. S. Ward, Sec. I'uller's Station, N. Y.

B^W The 21st annual meeting of the New York
State Bee-Keepers' Aseocialion will he held in the
Court House at Rochester, N. V.. on Feb. 5. 6, and 7,
189ii. Reduced rates will be given at hotels and on
all principal railroads. The programme and full
particulars will appear in due time. Each county
association is requested to send two or more dele-
gates. G. a. Knickerbocker. Sec.

I^" The annual meeting of the Vermont State
Bee-Keepers' Association, will be held at Burling-
ton. Vt , on Jan. 21 and 22, 1390. Excellent ball ac-
commodations have been secured at the VanNess
house. Tlie Central Vermont Railroad has granted
round-trip tickets from the following places: Rut-
land. White River Junction, Cambridge Junction,
Richford via St. Albans, Ticonderoga, and all inter-
mediate points, to Burlington and return for fare
oneway. A good meeting is expected, and all are
invited. For further information and programmes,
apply to the Secretary,

J. H. Larrabee, Larrahee's Point Vt.

Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our JouB-
NAi at $1.85 for the two ; or with both our
Home Jouknal and Bee JotJBNAL for $2.50
for all three papers.

28

THE SMERicaif mmm j@orksiu.

COT^VEXTIOX DIRECTORY.

1890. Time and place of meeting.

Jan. 15.— Indiana State, at Indianapolis, Ind.

Geo. C. Thompson, Sec Southport, Ind.

Jan. 15-17.— Nebraska State, at Lincoln. Nebr.

J. N. Healer, Sec, Columbus, Nebr.

Jan. 20.— Colorado State, at Denver, Colo.

E. Milleson, Pres., Denver, Colo.

Jan. 20, 21.— Eastern New York, at Albany, N. Y.
W. S. ward. Sec, Fuller's Station, N. Y.

Jan, 22.— Vermont State, at Burlington, Vt.

J. H. Larrabee. Sec. Larraoee's Point, Vt.

Feb. 5-7.— New York State, at Rochester, N. Y.

G. H. Knickerbocker, Sec, Pine Plains, N. Y.

May 3.— Susquehanna Co.. at Hopbottom, Pa.

H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.

May 19.— Northern Illinois, at Rockford. Ills.

D. A. Fuller, Sec, Cherry Valley, Ills.

1^^^ In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested to forward full
jiarticulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting.— The Editoh.

S£^^^^^M^M

Japanese Bnck^rlieat an«l Bt-es.

In the fall of 1888 I put 61 colonies iuto
the cellar, and had 56 colonies in working
condition on June 1, 1889; I then sold 2,
leaving 54. My honey crop was 1,400
pounds of comb, and 5,800 pounds of ex-
tracted honey, with an increase of 27 colo-
nies. I had 4 acres of Japanese buckwheat
■within 40 rods of my apiary, which yielded
160 bushels of clean seed. Did the near-
ness and 'Bmount of bees increase the yield!

Ionia, Iowa. Geo. H. Potter.

Xhey Paid lb>* tlieir Keepiug^.

For the last four seasons I have kept only
one or two colonies of bees as pets. Last
season I had 5 colonies, and in November,
1889, I had 13 colonies, which produced
724 pounds of extra-fine comb honey, and
613 pounds of extracted, which was mostly
from clover and basswood, making a little
over 102 pounds per colony, fall count;
and a little over 267 pounds per colony,
spring count. Owing to business engage-
ments. Host at least 200 pounds of honey,
by not being able to attend to the extract-
ing when it should have been done ; still my
pets paid for their keeping.

H. N. RoGEHS, M. D.

Chippewa Falls, Wis.

Effect of Honey on tite Skin.

The attention of the public is being called,
as never before, to the variegated uses of
honey. That it is pleasant and healthful
food has been known ever since the first
man broke honey and the boney-comb.
That was a long time ago. It has one use,
however, which I do not remember to have
seen in print. A few years since, a lady
desiring to make a creditable appearance
in society, found it necessary to use cos-
metics on her arms. Her face was all right,
needing neither paint nor soap: but her
arms were terrible — rough, with pimples
that had come to stay. The work was done
faithfully, but in vain, and after three
weeks it was a bad job. Intending to per-
petrate a "scientific pleasantry'," I said,
"Why don't you pnt on honey!" Sure
enough, she put on the honey, rubVnng it in
thoroughly, with just enough water to
make it work. This was left on over night,
and washed off iu the morning. Two ap-
plications removed the pimples, and left the
skin delicate and smooth — not bleached
with acid, but with the beautiful surface of
health. E. Stuong.

Kalamazoo, Mich.

Bees May Not Winter so ^Vell.

My report for the season just past is as
follows; I commenced with 82 colonies,
increased to 155, and took 2,500 pounds of
comb honey, and 2,100 pounds of extracted.
The forepart of the season was very un-
favorable— bees had to be well taken care
of, and fed until into June. I do not think
that they will winter as well as usual, on
account of the honey-dew in their hives;
the young colonies are all right, but the old
colonies, with the young queens, will be
the ones to suffer. I placed 116 colonies
into the cellar on Nov. 28, and put 6 more
into the cellar that had been out until yes-
terday; those had a flight on last Hundfay.
We have had very open weather so far
since Thanksgiving, plowing being done
every day until yesterday. I hope for a
good season in 1890.

W. Addendkooke.

North Prairie, Wis., Dec. 21, 1889.

Only naif a Crop of Honey.

My bees did very well, but I had onlj'
half a crop of nice honey this year. I have
most of my bees in the cellar, and are all
right. I keep some in separate chaff houses,
made after my own notions, and they do
well in most of the winters. I do not put
"all my eggs in one basket." The cellar,
for me, is the surest, year after year. Win-
ter commenced early, but there is little
snow now, and no sleighing yet.

J. E. Bkeeii.

Embarrass, Wis., Dec. 17, 1889.

Alfalfa an«l Ci!ol«len-Ro<l.

I vote for the golden-rod for the national
flower, though it i)roduces no honey for
me. I have noticed carefully for a good
many years, and have never seen but oue
bee on it, and that looked as if it was lost.
It is frequently covered with an ugly, black
beetle. I had a small patch of alfalfa clover
for five years, and never saw a bee on it,
though my bees were within a hundred
yards of it. I notice that some recommend
it for bees, but it is worthless for honey in
this part of the country, and not profitable
for anything. A. J. Duncan.

Hartford, Iowa.

from one colony that did not swarm. I
could have got 15 cents per pound for the
honey, but I kept the most of it for my own
use. I shall put some sections back on the
light colonies, to help them out. Taking aU
things into consideration, it was a poor sea-
son for me. In the spring the late frost
killed the spring blossoms, and it put the
bees back in swarming. The most of the
honey was gathered from wolf-brush (we
call them verbenas), Alsike clover, some
from buckwheat, mustard, dogwood, grasses,
and other blossoms along the creeks ; also
some from golden-rod. They worked very
strong on it for awhile, after almost every-
thing else failed. The first honey was very
light in color, and was the nicest of the
season. The bees gathered pollen very late
in the season. Our bee-men here are mostly
men that seem to think they know enough
about bees, and do not need to take a bee-
paper; but I like the Bee Joukn.\l very
much, and think that all bee-men should
read it. Alsike is my choice as a honey-
plant. I would like to see more raised in
our country. Golden-rod was good for late
work here, and I would vote for it as the
national flower. Iua N. Lyman.

St. Peter, Nebr.

01«l Ideas— A Poor Season,

I do not remember of ever hearing it
hinted that the drones laid the eggs, until
the past fall, when an old lady came to
visit us. vShe was between 80 and 90 years
old, and had been a bee-keeper in her
younger days, or owned bees. She took a
great deal of interest in my Italians, and
gave me instructions in regard to bees and
the new-fangled ways. She knciv that the
drones laid the eggs, and that if the king
died, the bees would do no good,' etc.

My bees did very well through the past
summer, but in the faU they did not do so
well. They swarmed on July 21 for the
first time, instead of May or June, as it
should have been. The queen did not come
out, so they returned, and came out on July
23. I lost two old queens, and secured just
five new swarms from two old colonies; the
other two did not swarm, that I know of.
I put 9 colonies into the cellar about the
middle of November ; 3 or 4 colonies were
very light, and 2 or 3 very heavy. I took
off 120 pounds of honey in the comb,
mostly in one-pound sections, but some in
13^-pound sections. I took 100 pounds

4>ood Yield Per Colony.

My report for 1889 is as follows: My 37
colonies of bees, that I had last spring,
averaged about 150 pounds of honey per
colony, besides increasing to 54 colonies.
The honey is both comb and extracted.

Empire Prairie, Mo. John Haskins.

Cloth-Base Foundation.

On page 779, 1 find an article by John
Craycraft, on "cloth-made foundation," of
which he claims to be the inventor. In con-
firmation of the foot-note of the editor,
please let me say that iu making foundation
last spring, I immersed cheese-cloth in
melted beeswax, and stamped it with the
Vandervort foundation-mill, and put from
one to three frames of the cloth foundation
— named "New Departure" — in three
hives. In another hive I put a frame of
beeswax foundation, half the length, and
the cloth foundation the other part. The
bees drew out the wax foundation, and
stored their honey, but rejected the cloth
foundation. They did not accept the cloth
foundation in any of the hives, but were
disgusted, and worked to remove it by tear-
ing it to pieces; and I found my " New De-
parture" in strings, and my anticipations of
a patent vanished.

W. Johnson Baker.

South Montrose, Pa.

Results of the Past Season.

I started in with 27 colonies in the spring
of 1889, and increased them to 41 colo-
nies, of which I sold 6, leaving 35 on hand
now. I obtained a total surplus of 2,036
pounds of honey, of which 280 pounds are
in one-pound sections, and the rest is ex-
tracted; the average per colony being 75>^
pounds, spring count. By the middle of
October, my bees were arranged inside the
hive for wintering. On Nov. 1 we had the
first snow-storm, and have had since then
two cold spells, so that the thermometer
registered 2 degrees below zero. On Dec.
17 and 18, my bees had good flights, and
seemed to be all right. On an average, my
bees have about 30 pounds of winter stores
per colony. I winter them this year with-
out outside winter packing, except those in
the new Heddon hives, for which I have
prepared a vault. All my other hives are
doubje-walled, heavily lined with building-
paper in between. Wm. Stolley.

Grand Island, Nebr., Dec. 19, 1889.

•TjfflE; misanmicm^ bek joiirihkiu.

29

^^^^^^.^^^^ ■^^ — A^^»>^A^AmA^A^A^t»«^*»l»«»«^«^*<

Itees -were Crazy t*nr Swarming-.

Most of my bees are blacks, except a few
that are hybrids. I wintered 30 colonies
in the cellar last winter, and carried out, in
the spring, 30 good colonies and 10 poor
ones. I increased them to 52 colonies, and
took 4,000 pounds of comb honey in one
and two pound sections, over half being
from white clover. I sold most of it for 10
and 12'.' cents a pound. I have never seen
the bees so crazy for swarming as they
were the past summer; they would swarm
if they had stayed in the hive just four
days. I do not know what caused it, but I
think they carried in too much honey, so
that they could not build comb fast enough
to store it away. John E. Thohstad.

Blair, Wis., Dec. 37, 1889.

Xhe Past Season's Results.

At the commencement of the honey sea-
son of 1889, I had just 100 colonies, nearly
all in pretty fair condition ; and when the
white clover came into bloom, they built
up rapidly, and increased to 144 colonies;
but I was working only 135 colonies for
honey, the others being small colonies in
■which I reared queens. I obtained 10,884
pounds of honey— 5,730 pounds in one and
two pound sections, and 5,154 pounds of
extracted honey. I am getting from 9 to
12}.< cents per pound for the honey. I have
sold about half my crop. I put the bees
into the cellar about Nov. 19, and they are
pretty quiet, but the cellar is rather warm,
the mercury being at 50 degrees in it.

A. PiNKEKTON.

Marshalltown, Iowa, Dec. 22, 1889.

new and the old colonies. The new colony
will store more honey, for if we manage
the bees as we should, we will have a very
large colony, and by helping them with
from one to three frames of brood, it will
not lie three days until they are at work in
the sections, and will store honey as fast as
if they had not swarmed. The old colony
will go to work, fill up the empty frames,
and be ready for the fall flow of honey.
Casey, Ills. D. R. Rosebkouoii.

Experience in Bee-Keeping-.

Seven years ago I first commenced in the
bee-business. I bought a colony of black
bees for $13.00. I was given the American
Bee Journal to read, and in it I saw an
advertisement of Italians for $10.00 per
colony ; I purchased one colony, commenced
the same spring with the two, and I now
have 5 colonies from the blacks, and 54
colonies from the Italians, and they are
crossed with the Italians. If I had not ob-
tained the Italian colony, I would have
been out of the bee-business the second
year. Bees did not do well in this vicinity
the past year. I got only about 450 pounds
of comb honey, but they went into winter
quarters with plenty of stores; but Decem-
ber has been so warm that I am afraid they
will get short of stores before winter is
over. I do not think that there have been
more than two days this month but what
bees have had flights. R. A. Rosser.

Nelsonville. O., Dec. 20, 1889.

Ci!oo<1 Crop— M'arm Weallier.

The honey croi) was good from white
clover, but little from fall flowers. I ob-
tained over a ton of comb honey in one-
pound sections, and between 400 and 500
pounds of extracted. I am fearful that the
warm weather will be injurious to the bees,
as the young bees are out taking their first
flight from nearly all the hives, which
means rearing much brood. I have 113
colonies packed, 1 10 are in winter quarters
out-doors. I had 65 colonies last spring.
D. C. McLeou.

Pana, Ills., Dec. 35,1889.

A Bee-Man— «ol«len-Ro«l Honey.

I can fairly call myself a "bee-man,"
now that I have 53 colonies in the cellar,
all strong and healthy, which I hope to take
out in the spring in fine condition. The
past has not been a very good season for
honey in this vicinity, as May and June
were so cold and wet that bees could not
fly much; and the latter part of the sum-
mer and early fall were too dry ; yet I have
no reason to complain, as my bees paid
their way, and gave me over 1,300 pounds
of surplus honey in one-pound sections.
That procured from the golden-rod was of
good body, and of a fine amber color, and
sold for as much as the nicest white clover
honey. The golden-rod receives my vote,
every time. S. M. Kelley.

Kirby, Wis., Dec. 30, 1889.

Management of SM'arms.

By reading Mr. Doolittle's article on page
775 of the American Bee Journal for
1889, it seems that he condemns the put-
ting of a frame of brood in the hive of a
new swarm. StiU, judging from the way
his article reads, he never tried it but
once. I have tried it a thousand times, and
never lost but one swarm. From the colony
that casts a swarm I always take from one
to three frames of brood, put them into a
new hive, place the new hive where I wish
it to stand, and put back into the old hive
the empty frames. I put the new swarm
in, and all goes well. I never had a wing
of a queen-bee clipped, except one that I
received from Mr. Doolittle. The reasons
for placing unsealed brood in the hive first,
is that it will keep the bees from leaving
the hive ; and if the queen is hurt or lost,
the bees have something to rear another
from. It also saves prepared combs, and
straight combs can be secured both in the

XiKlit or Loose Bottoni-Boar«ls.

For the last three years that I have been
in the bee-business, I have failed to see any
practical use for loose bottoms for hives,
especially when we want to move them, or
carry the hives into the cellar. I have only
10 out of 100, and that is 10 more than I
hope to have next year. When I want to
move a hive, I like to step up to it, and pick
it up in my hands, instead of taking it up
like you would a sick baby. It is claimed
for them that they are better for wintering.
After testing them in several ways, I find
that they are no better than the tight-bot-
tom-board hives. Last winter I made the
test of ventilation in several ways, and
found that the hives with tight bottoms,
the covers on, and glued down as the bees
had left them, wintered as well as any. The
hives were placed with the front, or en-
trance, the lowest. This year I have them
tiered up 5 high, with the front of the hive
from 8 to 6 inches the lowest. The object
of this is, to give the bees a better chance
to expel the dead bees, and also to carry
off any moisture that might condense, in
case the cellar got too cold. I have the :<►,-
inch entrances open the full width of the
Ijives. A. C. Waldkon.

Buffalo, Minn.

U^" If any one wants a club of two or
more weekly or monthly periodicals, be-
sides one or both of our Journals— send us
a Postal Card, and we will then quote the
lowest possible price, by return mail. The
number is too great to enumerate.

AL,FKKI> H. NEWMAl^,

BUSINESS MANAGER.
XXXXZXIZZXITI»X»»XI««««»»X«XITZX3

gitsincss Notices,

1^" Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should notify us at once.

l^ Money in Potatoes, by Mr. Joseph
Greiner. Price, 25 cents, postpaid. For sale
at this office.

Its'" Send us one ;^EW subscriber, with
SI. 00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

I^" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, withname and address printed.
Sami»le free.

Ifgf We have some full sets of the Bee
Journal for 1889, and iiciv subscribers can
have the full sets for 1889 and 1890 for
SI. 80 until all are gone.

pg° Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.

1^^ The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

[|^° Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we wOl send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
•Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with j-ou.

^g' As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write Ameritxin Bee
Jcnima I on the corner of j'our envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

5^" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

" 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 25

•• 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

!j^° When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book,
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

|^° We offer the Monthly Philadelphia
Farm Journal, and either the American
Bee Journal or Illustrated Home Jour-
nal for one year, for the small sum of SI . 20.
Or, we will give it free for one year to any
one who will send us one new subscriber for
either of our Journals with $1.00 (the sub-
scription price).

30

T-MW MMEKICIrif? WMM JOl^fRlfMIr.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

DETROIT, Dec. 20— Comb honey Is dull and
lower, now quoted at 12{(^14e. Extracted, 7@
8c., with few sales. Beeswax is now iu ijood de-
mand, at 24@25c.

M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.

BOSTON, Dec, 26.— Sales are slow. Fancr
white clover 1-lbs., 16C"lTc. ; fair to good, 15®
16c.; 2-lbs., 15@16c. Beeswax, 24c.

BLAKE & KIPLEY, 57 Chatham St.

CHICAGO, Dee. 27.— White clover 1-lbs., 12
@13i4c.: basswood, ll(rt>ll'/4c. ; buckwheat, 8
@10c. Extracted, 6Vi&TAc. Beeswax, dark,
23@24c. ; bright, 25@26c.

8. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St.

CHICAGO, Dec. 27.— Sales are light, at 12®
12c. for white 1-lbs. ; dark. 8@10c. Extracted
dull at 6@7c. tor dark, 7iS'8c. for fancy white.
Beeswax, prime, 25c.

JR. A. BDRNETT. 161 S. Water St.

DENVER, Dec. 28.— Comb, 1-lb. section.s, 1st
grade, 13®15e. ; 2nd, 12®.14c. Extracted, 6®
7c. Beeswax, 20@25c.

J. M. CLARK COMMISSION CO.,

1421 Fifteenth St.

KANSAS CITY, Dec. 24.— Demand is light
and prices lower, owing to bee-keepers offer-
ing honey at ll@12;4c„ delivered throughout
the West. Very fancy 1-lbs., 12 in a crate, 13
cts.: good. 12i4c.; dark. 10c. Two-lbs., white,
12c. ; dark, 10c. Extracted, white, 7c. ; dark,
5@6c.

HAMBLIN & BEARSS, 514 Walnut St.

CINCINNATI, Dec. 24.— Demand for honey
has been slow for a mouth or more, with a full
supply of all kinds on the market. Extracted
brings 5®8c. ; while comb is sold at 14®16c. —

Beeswax is in good demand at 20fr/i22c. for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH & SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

MILWAUKEB. Dec. 27.— Market dull; only
best grades demanded. White 1-lbs., 13®14c.';
2-lbs., ll@12c.; dark 1-lbs., 12@13c.; 2-lbs, 10
@12c. Extracted, white, in barrels, 7@7!4c.:
iu i4-barrels and kegs or tin. 7H®8c. ; dark, in
barrels, 6@6!4c.; in kegs, 6'^®7c. Beeswax,
22@25c.

A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.

NEW YORK, Dec. 30, — Demand for comb
honey has almost ceased, and choice lots can
be picked up at almost any price. Extracted
is doing fairly well. Basswood and California,
7i4c. ; o!-angc-bloom, 8®8!^c. : buckwheat, Gc. ;
Southern. 70('^7.JC. per gallon.

HILDUETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,

28-30 Broadway, near Duaue St.

KANSAS CITY, Dec. 27.— Market continues
very dull. Demand very light. Weather is en-
tirely too warm. We quote white 1-lb. comb,
13c.; fall, 1-lbs., 10®llc.; white, 2-lbs., 11®
12c.; fall, 2-lbs., 10c. Extracted, white, 7®
7Hc. ; amber, 5®6c. Beeswax, 22c.
CLEMONS, CLOON & CO.,

Cor. 4tli and Walnut Sts.

WeTV CatalogfiK-s and Price Lists for
1890 are received from—

: pages

F. A. Salisbury, Syracuse, N. Y.
— Apiarian Supplies.

J. M. Jenkins, Wetumpka, Ala. — 60 pages
— Supplies for the Apiary.

J. Stauffer & Sons, Nappanee, Ind. — 16
pages— Bee-Hives, Sections and Supplies.

B^" Some have requested us to print a
card on a less number than 100 Honey
Almanacs, and we have concluded to ac-
commodate them. We will funiish 25
copies with card printed on the first page,
postpaid, for -ill. 10; 50 copies for $1.70;
75 copies for S2.30. See prices for more
on the page 20.

Clubs for anything in our Premium
List may be for either of our JonuNALS, or
for any number of either or both of them.

CATARRH.

CATARRHAL DEAFNESS-HAY FEVER.
A New Home Treatment.

Sufferers are not generally aware that
these diseases are contagious, or that they
are due to the presence of living parasites
in the lining membrane of the nose and
eustachian tubes. Microscopic research,
however, has proved this to be a fact, and
the result of this discovery is that a simple
remedy has been formulated whereby
catarrh, catarrhal deafness and hay fever
are permanently cured in from one to three
simple applications made at home by the
patient once in two weeks.

N. B. — This treatment is not a snuff or au
ointment; both have been discarded by
reputable physicians as injurious. A
pamphlet explaining this new treatment is
sent free on receipt of stamp to pay pos-
tage, by A. H. Dixon & Son, 337 and 339
West King Street, Toronto, Canada. —
Christian A.dvocatc.

Sufferers from Catarrhal troubles should
carefully read the above.
50E26t Imly.

We Club the American Bee Jmi/mal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in tlie 1.ASX
column. The regular price of botli is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:

„ Price of both. Club
The American Bee Journal 1 00...

and Gleanings in Bee-Culture 2 00 1 75

Bee-Keepers' Guide 150 140

Bee-Keepers' Review 150 140

The ApiculturiBt 1 75 1 65

Bee-Keepers' Advance 1 50 1 40

Canadian Bee Journal 2 00 180

Canadian Honey Producer... 1 40 130

The 8 above-named papers 5 65 5 00

and Langstroth Revised (Dadant).3 00 2 75

Cook's Manual (1SS7 edition) 2 25 2 00

Doolittle on Queen-Rearing.. 2 00 175

Bees and Honey (Newman)... 2 00 175

Binder for Am. Bee Journal.. 1 60 1 50

Dzierzon'B Bee-Book (cloth)... 3 00... 2 00
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture. .2 25. . . , 2 10

Farmer's Account Book 4 00 2 20

Western World Guide 1 50 1 .30

Heddon's book, "Success,".. 1 50.. 1 40

A Year Among the Bees 1 75 1 50

Convention Hand-Book 1 50 1 30

Weekly Inter-Ocean 2 00 175

Toronto Globe (weekly) 2 00 1 70

History of National Society..l 50.... 125
American Poultry Journal. .,2 25 150

I>o not send to us for sample copies
of any other papers. Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.

SIMPLE AND CHEAP.

The most important invention since the in-
troduction of the movable-comb frame. Bees
made to hive themselves. Easily and quickly
applied to all style of hives. For full particu-
lars, address.

AITIBKICAN APICII1.TIIKIST,

■~Etf WENHAM, MASS.

BEE-KEEPERS,

TAKE NOTICE !

VXT'E will allow a licavy disroiiiit on the
T ? Orders received this Fall and 'Winter.
Estimates furnished, and correspondence so-
licited. New Prlce-LilHt ready Dec. Ist,

A. F. STAUFFER & CO.,

40Etf STERLING, Whiteside Co., ILL.

Clover Seeds!

We can promptly furnish any quantity of
White, Alsike, or Sweet Clover Seed at the fol-
lowing prices, which include sacks and cart-
age:

WHITE CL.OVER.

Per bushel (60 lbs.) '. jio 00

Per peck (15 lbs.) 2 75

Per pound 30

AKiSIKE CLOVER.

Per bushel (60 lbs.) $8 00

Per peck (15 lbs.) 3 25

Per pound 25

SWEET TLOVER.

Per bushel (60 lbs.) 56 00

Per peck (13 lbs.) 1 73

Per pound 30

When ordered by mail add 10 cts. per pound
for postage.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

923-935 West Madison St., - CHICAGO, ILLS.

Me^ition Vie American Bee Journal.

imumuMm

ESTABLISHED IS45.

I3 the oldest and most popular scientiflc nrd
mechanical paper published and has the largest
I'lrculation of any paper of its class in the world.
Fiitly illustrated. Beat class of Wood Encrav-
inpa. Published weekly. Send for sppciraen
copv. Price $3 a year. Four months' trial, $1.
MUNN & CO., Publishers, 361 Broadway, N.T.

ARCHITECTS & BUILDERQ
Edition of Scientific American. O

A ffreat success. Each issue contains colored
lithtJtiraphic plates of country and city residen-
ces or public buildiDEs. Numeruus encravinga
•iiid full plans and epeciflcations tor tlie use of
■'uch us contemplate building. Price $2.S0 a year,
.'5 eta. a copy, ilUNN &, CO., Fublisheks.

TRADE MARKS.

In case your mark is not registered in the Pat-
ent OfQce, apply to Munn &. Co., and procure
immediate protection. Send for llandbooli.

(MU'VRICMITS for books, charts, maps,
etc., quicltly procured. Address

niUNN iS: CO., Patent Solicitors.

("JENEiiAL Office: 301 BitoAiiWAY. N. Y.

Mention the American Bee Journal,

BEE-HIVES, SECTIONS, ETC.

WE make the best Bee-Hives, Shipping-
Crates, Sections, &c., in the world, and
sell them the cheapest. We are offering- our
choicest white 1-piece 4^x4>.4 Sections, in lota
of 500, at $3.50 per 1,000. ^T" Parties wanting-
more, should write for special prices. No. 3
Sections at t2.00 per M. Catalogues free, but
sent only when ordered. Address.

G. B. LiEWIS & CO.,

WATKRTOWN, WIS.

rARNIOLANS

IJees and Oueeiis bred from Pure Im-
[lorted Stock wiHi ^reat c^re. Smid lorcir-
■ulnr j^iviug full (k'scriptions. queens iu
June, *l. Address. K. L. PRATT,

PUATT BEE FARM, Marlboro, Mass.

Mention the American Bee Jawmal*

irilM^ MMdTRKDKH WmM JQ'IS'RIfJClL.

35

— = > PUBLISHED HV ^±— —

THOS. G.NEWBlANf^SON,

CHICAGO, IL.L.. ^

KDITOH.

Voinyi. Jan. 1M890. No. 3,

" lia. (lirippe " has taken full posses-
sion of the Bee Journal office. Several of
the corps are at this \vriting (Friday, Jan.
10) down with it. The foUowing, from an
exchange, gives a pretty correct diagnosis
of the disease :

If you have "bigness " of the head,

Catarrh and " ringing " ears,
A hot and feverish cuticle.

And eyes suffused with tears.
An " all gone " feeling round your waist,

And aching legs and hip.
Though " far from strong " you're hardly sick,

You have not lost your "grip,"

If you have running at the nose

And constant fits of sneezing,
A chilly feeling down your back.

As though your spine was freezing.
If in a "rocky," nervous state,

Like one in drunken frenzy ;
My friend, you've got the French "la grippe,"

Or English influenza.

For several hours to-day the Bee Jour-
nal office was entirely deserted, and the
door locked — one after another left their
post of duty, being unable to longer keep a
perpendicular attitude— but we are hopeful
that the worst is now passed, and that all
will be at their post of duty again soon.

Ijatcr.— Monday, Jan. 13— the editor is
still confined to his bed, but is convalescing
slowly, and hopes to be in the office again
in a short time. In consequence of this
scourge', many of the items, and much mat-
ter, promised to appear in this issue, must
now be indefinitely postponed— or until
such time as the editor wUl be able to at-
tend to them. All correspondents, whose
various matters require his personal atten-
tion, win please accept this explanation,
and have a little patience. G. W. York.

Xlie tVisconsin State Bee-Keepers'
Association will hold its sixth annual meet-
ing in the Capitol, at Madison, Wis., on
Thursday, Feb. 5, 1890. A complete pro-
gramme of the convention will be duly
mailed to the prominent bee-keepers of the
State.

Il»ii<-y l«i- •• l.,u <«ri|»|><'.'"'— Asthis
disease is rapidly spreading throughout the
country, and various remedies for its cure
are recommended by physicians, wo will
state what occurred near the editor's home
a few days ago. A neighbor's wife was
very low with the disease, and a consulta-
tion by three doctors was held, the result
of which was to advise, as a last resort, the
use of honey — saying, that if honey would
not save her life, nothing with which they
were acquainted could be relied upon to
meet the case. The neighbor called at the
editor's residence for some honey, and was
fully supplied. It is prepared and used thus :

In one-half tea-cupful of Iwt honey, put
the juice of one lemon, and take, as a dose,
two tea-spoonfuls occasionally, or as often
as seems necessary, and as hot as can be
endured comfortably. In case the stomach
is too weak to retain the honey, two or
three tea-spoonfuls of milk will remove
such difficulty. The editor of the Bee Jour-
nal is fallowing this prescription, and finds
great relief from its use.

As now seems to be indicated, if honey
proves to be the eflrective remedy for this
general affliction, bee-keepers should be
well prepared to treat it in their own fami-
lies, and find a ready demand for at least
some of their honey crop in every affected
home in the land. Let apiarists spread t'ne
news — that " honey " takes all the " gi'ip "
part out of "la grippe."

I>aiidelioii*« in IVIid-^Vintei-. — The

unusually mild winter seems to be quite
general all over the United States, and even
where one would expect to find snow-drifts,
and snow-bound people, dandelions and
other flowers are nodding their pretty
heads in the spring-like breezes. It has
been so here in the region of Chicago until
to-day (Jan. 13), but it is now growing
colder, and may conclude to give us some
winter weather yet. The foUowing item
was written for the New York Sun, by a
correspondent from Reading, Pa., on Jan.
6 — showing that even the bees are improv-
ing the winter hours:

Farmers are plowing as though it were
spring, and sheep and cattle are running
loose in the pasture. The buds are bursting
on the trees, and early wUd-flowers and
cultivated plants are beginning to bloom.
In many places the meadows are fairly yel-
low with dandelions.

The phenomenally mild weather has also
had its effect on animated nature, and in-
sects and reptiles are showing their sus-
ceptibility to the unusual mildness of the
air. The warmth has brought out swarms
of bees from the hives of James H. Penny-
backer, of Cumru, of E. H. Moyer, at Ber-
lin, and of other farmers in the neighbor-
hood. The busy bees were out working on
Christmas and New Year's day, the same
as in July — a thing that has not happened
here before, within the memory of man.

J. C. Stewart, of Hopkins, Mo., is
going to Colorado, and presents an oppor-
tunity for some one to buy his residence,
bees, etc. See advertisement on page 46.

KNHiij'M Oil l':xtr:>cl<-<l Ilont^y.

In accordance with the plan outlined on
page 1 i), the Committee selected to award
the prizes on the " Extracted Honey " e.s-
says, have faitlifully done their imposed
duty in tho matter, and, as the result of
their deliberations, they have awarded the
three cash prizes to the following competi-
tors, as the ones entitled to receive the
amounts offered for the three best essays ;

First prize (.*r).00), to Mr. W. T. F. Petty,
of Pittsfleld, Ills.

Second prize ($3.00), to Dr. G. P. Hach-
enberg, of Austin, Texas.

Third prize ($3.00), to Mr. W. L. Porter,
of Greeley, Colo.

The " F'irst prize " essay wiU be found on
page 37, of this issue, and no doubt will be
read with much interest, as wUl also the
others which are to follow. The "Second
prize " essay will be published next week,
and the "Third prize" essay the week fol-
lowing. The other essays competing for
the prizes, will appear in the Bee Journal
as we may be able to find room for them,
from week to week, in good time so that
the valuable experiences and suggestions
which they contain may be profitably used
the coming season.

Honey as Food. — Mrs. L. Harrison,

of Peoria, Ills., for a recent number of the
Prairie Farmer, wrote these words about
the use of honey as " a staple article of
food;

The time has been when honey was
looked upon as an article of luxury, or as a
sort of drug-store commodity ; but it is now
advancing with sure and steady step to-
wards becoming a staple article of food,
and with an increasing demand.

To emphasize these true words of our
good friend, it may be said that honey will
become a "a staple article" of ordinary
food just as rapidly as those who produce
it will make it a part of their business to
see that all their neighbors and their friends
everywhere have an opportunity to help to
dispose of the crop of honey. Judging
from the testimony of those who have only
partially tried them, the Honey Almanacs
will prove a great aid everywhere in get-
ting the public to use honey as an every-
day food, and not treat it as something that
can be afforded only on Sundays, or " when
company comes." Try a hundi-ed Alma-
nacs, and see if they do not do the work.
For prices, see page 46.

Xlie Report of the proceedings of the
20th annual session of the International
American Bee-Association is published, and
will be sentto all members. Others can have
a copy for 25 cents, postpaid. It contains,
besides the report, the new songs and
music then used, and engravings of the
present officers as well as the retiring ones.
In all, it contains 36 pages. It is for sale
at this office.

36

T'H® MBdBmicsK mmM joisrieifMiu.

Clover as tUe I^ational Flo^Ter.

— Mr. R. E. Carter, of Mosherville, Mich.,
TOtes for clover as the National Flower, and
sends us the following on the subject from
the Iowa State Register, which commends
clover for the National Flower by reason
of its utility, as well as beauty. It says ;

Probably a greater number of the city
papers favor the golden-rod. To the deni-
zens of the city, in the fall of the year,
when enraptured over everything they see
in the rural districts, the golden-rod may be
a beauty. But to the practical farmer it is
simply a useless, nasty weed of no benefit
as food for stock, no valuable medicinal
properties; has no sweet scent, and only of
moderate beauty just before frost. But the
red clover is always sweet, beautiful, and
in bloom nearly all summer. There is no
flower more valuable to man. It produces
the richest pasture, the most nutritious
hay, and its blossoms produce the choicest
honey, and it is claimed they have superior
medicinal qualities. Its blossoms contain
two of our National colors, while the golden-
rod has neither. Clover is never a weed,
or a nuisance in any place, or under any
circumstances. It has only virtues, and no
drawbacks. It is of utility wherever found,
and in the world's material wealth it has
no superior. Let us have something sensi-
ble when adopting a National Flower.

Col. IngersoU extols its excellences and
beauties in this grand rhapsody :

A wonderful thing is clover. It means
honey and cream ; that is to say, industry
and contentment; that is to say, the happy
bees in perfumed fields, and at the cottage
gate old boss, the beautiful, chewing satis-
faction's cud, in that blessed twilight pause
that like a benediction falls between all toil
and sleep. This clover makes me dream of
happy hours, of childhood's rosy cheeks, of
dimpled babes, of wholesome, loving wives,
of honest men, of springs and brooks and
violets, and all there is of painless joy and
peaceful human life. A wonderful word is
clover. Drop the "c" and you have the
happiest of mankind. Take away the " c "
and " r " and you have the only thing that
makes a heaven of this dull and barren
earth. Cut ofl: the " r " alone and there re-
mains a warm, deceitful bud that sweetens
breath, and keeps the peace in countless
homes whose masters frequent clubs. After
all. Bottom was right; "Good hay, sweet
hay, hath no fellow."

Cannot Cool tlie Bec-Cellar.

Our bees were put into the cellar in No-
vember, the bottom-boards to the hives be-
ing left off, and the temperature has been
50 degrees and above, except once, by
leaving the window open, it went down to
48 degrees, and the bees have been very
quiet; but this morning the temperature is
58 degi-ees, and there is a little disposition
to be uneasy shown by some of the bees,
and it is so warm out-doors that I cannot
cool the cellar. It has rained steadily for
the last 24 hours, and the prospects now
are fair for several days of such weather. I
■wish it would catch the " Grippe."

A. B. Mason.

Aubumdale, O., Jan. 2, 1889.

Better still, we wish it would lose its

grip.

Adulterated Extracted Honey.

Messrs. Clemons, Cloon& Co., honey deal-
ers of Kansas City, Mo., write as follows:

Almost every number of the American
Bee Journal contains an article on adul-
terated comb honey. Every bee-keeper, as
well as as every honey dealer, knows that
there is no such thing as adulterated comb
honey ; on the other hand it is well known
that there is such a thing as adultered ex-
tracted honey, also that it is being sold
everyday, "represented as pure honey." It
is also known that it can be sold at a profit
and a price much cheaper than pure honey
can be profitably produced.

If less time was spent in discussing an
impossibility, and a little more attention
paid to a subject that we know is a reality,
it might result in a great benefit to those in-
terested in honey. If there is no law to
stop the adulteration of honey, it is high
time some steps were taken in that direc-
tion by the bee-keepers.

The Bee-Keepers' Convention that lately
met at Higginsville, Mo., started the ball to
rolling, by appointing a committee to in-
vestigate the matter. If all bee-keepers'
conventions would follow their example, it
would not be long before all adulterated
honey if made or sold at all, would have to
be stamped or labeled as " adulterated,"
and sold as such ; but as it is, there is not
much encouragement for producing ex-
tracted honey, when it has to go to the
market and compete in price with glucose
honey; but if these glucose men are com-
pelled to label or stamp their mixture, just
what it is, they will soon find very little
encouragement for their business.

We do not believe that much adulterated
honey can be found on the markets. The
price of the pure article is so loiv that it
kills the business of adulteration. When it
will not pay men to sophisticate, they will
not do it. We seriously object to a law be-
ing enacted like the oleomargarine law. It
simply legalizes an evil upon the payment
of a tax. The whole system is unreason-
able, unjust and pernicious from beginning
to end. Instead of crushing the Monster,
it feeds and pets him, so that it may do the
more damage.

Silo and Silajje, by Prof. A. J.Cook,
of Agricultural College, Mich., is the title
of a pamphlet of 44 pages, just issued. It
contains a plain statement of the method
adopted and in successful operation at the
College. The Professfor says: "My silo
has been a surprising success, and in this
little brochure I shall tell in a plain, simple
way, how I gi'ow the corn, build my silo,
fill and cover it, and feed the silage."
Every farmer should read it.

To open the Bee Journal and have
it lie flat, carefully fold over each crease
the opposite way to what it was when in
the mails. Then lay it out on a table or
desk, under a large book, and the leaves
will soon become straight.

Doollttle on Queen-Rearing^.

Queens can be reared in the upper stories
of hives used for extracted honey, where a
queen-excluding honey-board is used, which
are as good, if not superior, to Queens
reared by any other process ; and that, too,
while the old Queen is doing duty below,
just the same as though Queens were not
being reared above. This is a fact, though
it is not generally known.

If you desire to know how this can be
done — how to have Queens fertilized in up-
per stories, while the old Queen is laying
below — how you may safely introduce any
Queen, at any time of the year when bees
cay fly — all about the different races of
bees — all about shipping Queens, queen-
cages, candy for queen-cages, etc. — all
about forming nuclei, multiplying or unit-
ing bees, or weak colonies, etc. ; or, in fact
everything about the queen-business which
you may want to know, send for"Doolit-
tle's Scientific Queen-Rearing;" a book of
170 pages, which is nicely bound in cloth,
and as interesting as any story. Price,
$1.00.

An edition in strong paper covers is is-
sued for premiums. It will be mailed as a
present to any one who will send us two
new subscribers to either of our JonRNALS.

Convention IVotices.

Clii1>s of 5 for S4.00, to any addresses.
Ten for ?i7.50, if all are sent at one time.

Xlie Apicnltiirist for January comes
to hand with a new cover and an "im-
proved make-up." It is printed in good
style, and is full of practical ideas and sug-
gestions. We wish it abundant success.

t^" The spring meeting of tbe Northern Illinois
Bee-Keepers' Association, will meet at the residence
of D. A. Fuller, in Cherry Valley. Ills., on May lath,
1890. D. A. Fuller, Sec.

t^~ The Ohio State Bee-Keepers' Association will
be held in Cleveland, O., on Wednesday and Thurs-
day. Feb. 19 and 20, 1890.
Miss Dema Bennett, Sec. and Tr«as., Bedford, O.

tW The Northeastern Ohio. Northwestern Penn-
sylvania, and Western New York Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation, will meet in joint session with the Ohio
State Bee-Keepers' Association, in Cleveland, Con
Feb. 19 and 20, 1890. GEO. Spitler, Sec.

tw The annual meetint; of the Colorado State
Bee-Keepers' Association, wili be held in tbe Cham-
ber of Commerce building, in Denver, Colo., on the
third Monday in January. |H90, for the election of
officers and other business. Everybody is invited to
attend. E. MiLLESON, Pres.

r^~ The Eastern New York Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, will meet in Convention. Jan. 2n and 21, 1890, in
Agricultural Hall, Albany, N. Y.. at 10 a.m. All in-
terested in bee-keeping are cordially invited to
attend. The Farmers' Institute is held at the same
place on Jan. 22 and 23, 1890.

W. S. WARD, Sec, Fuller's Station, N. r.

JW The 21st annual meeting of the New York
State Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in the
Court House at Rochester, N. Y.. on Feb. .5, 6, and 7
l>J9o. iledured rates will be given at hotels and on
all principal railroads. The programme and full
particulars will appear in due time. Each county
association is requested to send two or more dele-
gates. G. H. Knickerbocker. Sec.

tW~ The twenty-third annual meeting of the Min-
nesota State Horticultural Society, in joint session
with the Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Association, will
be held in the Town Hall, at Excelsior, Minn., on
Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday. Jan. 21.
22. 2;i, 24, 1890. The Hee-Keepers' Association will
occupy a portion of Friday morning for its second
annual meeting, and will ,liscuss questions pertain-
ing to bee-culture, as related to horticulture. For
further particulars, address Wm. Urie, Secretary of
the Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Association, Minneapo-
lis, Minn.

tW The annual meeting of the Vermont State
Bee-Keepers* Association, will be held at Burling-
ton, Vt , on Jan. 21 and 22. 1890. Excellent hall ac-
commodations have been secured at the VanNess
house. The Central Vermont Railroad has granted
round-trip tickets from the following places: Rut-
land. Wiiite River Junction, Cambridge Junction,
Richford via St. Albans, Ticonderoga. and all inter-
mediate points, to Burlington and return for fare
oneway. A good meeting is expected, and all are
invited. For further information and programmes,
apply to the Secretary.

J. H. Lakkabee. Larrabee'3 Point Vt.

•FM® mimmmicmM mnm jo-urkkil.

37

'■'■-■^^«^*^*^*^*»i*«*'

— >^A^^ — ^^^^>. — ^^^-^^^^^^^A»A^Ag.»^t^A^»^>«>*^*^*r«A^AO«^>^«^»0*i»»^*^«^**

Chair Hive§ vs.tlic Siiiglc-Wallcd
Hives to Secure Honey.

Written tor the American Bee Journal

Query 680.— My boes iire in chuff liives.
Thuy have stored very little surplus honey,
thoufc'li the brood-eliiiiiil>ers are well Ulleil.
My neighbors claim that my shortaffc of sur-
plus is charseahio to the chaff hive. They say
that the hives l<eep the bees too cool, heucetho
bees will not sttirt so early in the morning,
etc. 1. Is this not all "chaff 'i" If not, I wish
to change my hives. I cannot afford to keep
bees for fun'. I would lilte lo hear from those
who have had experience. I have persuaded
one of my neishbors to try chaff liives, and
made two for him. He says that the colonies
in those hives g-ave no surplus, while he took
an average of 100 pounds from each of the
others in single-walled hives. 2. Will bees
work better in single-walled hives? If so,
why ?— Michigan.

I have had no experience with chaff
hives. — J. M. Hambahuu.

1. I think not. 3. No. My most produc-
tive colony is in a double-walled hive. — M.
Mahin.

1. Yes, it is " all chaff," as I know by ex-
perience. 2. No. 1. prefer chaff hives for
surplus comb honey. — Gr. M. Doolittle.

During the working season, keep the bees
in single-walled hives ; or give more sun-
shine, if kept in chaff hives.— J.P.H.Browx.

1. I do not think that the lack of surplus
is owing to the hive, but to the bees, pas-
turage, or management. 2. I think not,
but I would not want to use any other. — R.
L. Taylor.

1. I believe it is. The bees in a chaff
hive are certainly warmer on a cool morn-
ing, or day, than those iu a single-waUed
hive, and also cooler on a warm day. The
chaff hive equalizes the temperature. — A.

B. Mason.

I never owned a chaff hive, so I cannot
speak from experience. If I lived in a
warmer place, I think that I would try
them. A trial of two, or three, does not
prove much. If 25 or 50 of each kind are
tried side by side, you can tell better. — C.

C. MiLLEK.

I have used chaff hives with little suc-
cess. I always obtained much more honey
from single-walled hives, than from the
chaff -packed ones, in the same yard ; but
locality has very much to do with it. — H. D.
Cutting.

1. I think that it is "all chaff." 2. I
think that after the cold days of spring are
past, there is little advantage of either hive
over the other, as far as the honey-yield is
concerned. We have had them side by
side for years, and this is the verdict. — A.
J. Cook.

There is something in what is said by
your neighbors, though we do not believe
that it would make a very great difference
in the yield. At any rate.'we are not in
favor of chaff hives. We have tried 80 of
them, have quite a number in use yet, and
do not want any more. — Dadan't & Son.

1. I do not think that the trouble is in
"chaff hives." 2. I think that bees will
work as well in one hive of the same size
brood-chamber, as in another. The fault,
if any, must be in the season, or general
management. It is said that chaff hives
■winter bees better than others, but I have
not found such to be the case.-J. E. Pond.

We have never used chaff hives, though
we have frequently left chaff cushions on
many hives until late in the season ; and we

thought that it was beneficial. It is pos-
sible that in some sea.sons (cool ones), if
your hives stand in the shade, chalf
walls might be a detriment; but if your
hives face the east, and stand where the
morning sun will strike them, \vc should
consider chaff walls au advantage. There
are other i-easons, probably, that are not
mentioned, that cause the difference you
speak of. — Mus. L. Harrison.

I live in Michigan, and I do not believe
that chaff hives are too cool in summer, but
I do know that their bulk and weight will
surely ruin such a system of bee keeping as
is now necessary to make the business pay,
at the present price of honey. — James Heu-

DON.

1. Yes, it is "all chaff." When the ther-
mometer registers 80 to 90 degrees outside
the hive, is it likely to be any cooler in so
small a house ( While I think that chaff
hives are unnecessary, and an expensive
luxurj', I do not believe the charges of your
neighbor are sustained by experience. 2.
I do not believe that it makes any differ-
ence, except in early spring, when chaff
may beof some advantage. — Eugene Secor.

1. I do not think that the difference can
be charged to the chaff hive. I have used
chaff Lives extensively, having 'had in use
250 at one time; they always gave me
good results. Nothing is more important
in bee-keeping, than a good bee-keeper. 2.
Bees will not work better in single-walled
hives than in double-walled hives. — J. M.
Shuck.

I once had a chaff hive nearly as " big as
a barn," and the result was very much as
you state your case. I had bees in that
hive for several years, but got but little
honey from the colony. I made it for the
"Boss" out-door wintering hive, but the
bees succumbed in the winter of 1880-81.
A hive, to give the best results, should be
small, and rather shallow, so that the bees
cannot store the entire honey crop in the
body of the hive.— C. H. Dibeeen.

In the comparatively moderate climate
of Kentucky, taking everything into con-
sideration, bees succeed best in single-
walled hives. In this limited department,
I cannot enter into the particulars account-
ing for this fact. In my apiary of from 50
to 120 'colonies. I experimented with 14
chaff hives, and about 10 double-walled,
"dead-air-space" hives, for five or six
years; the rest of my bees being in slngle-
w-alled hives. The latter have given much
better results than the chaff, etc., hives.
But I attribute the superiority of the single-
walled hives, to their better adaptability to
skillful management in " tiering up," with-
out which the best results are unattainable.
— G. W. Demaree.

This query opens up a large subject that
can only lightly be touched upon here. It
involves the whole question of the out-door
care and protection of bees in winter and
spring. A chaff hive with damp walls,
packing and combs, will not winter and
spring bees as well as a single-walled hive.
To succeed with chaff hives, the packing
must be kept dry throughout the winter
and spring, and that is difficult to do with
cliitff as packing, for it is apt to become
danip, and then the effect is to keep the
bees " too cool," as alleged. Still, with
proper management, we can succeed better
with the chaff hive than any single-walled
hive in existence, and not only for winter-
ing, but for obtaining large crops of honey.
—G. L. Tinker.

The pasturage, climate and surroundings
control the honey crop— the hive has but
very little to do with it. Your neighbor
was " chaffing " you at a good rate. Much
observation has determined that there is
but little difference from the use of double
or single walled hives. — ^The Editor.

FIRST PRIZE.

Extracted Honey — Production,
€are, and CJencral tse.

Written for the American Dee Journal

BY W. T. F. PETTY.

Extracted lioney is tlio only pure
natural sweet. It is honey in its purest
condition, exactly as gatlici-ed and
ripened by tlie bees, without tlic ad-
mixture of any foreign matter what-
ever.

In this latter particular it differs
from the "strained" honey of a few-
years ago, which was obtained by
crushing combs — some, possibly, con-
taining dead larvas, pollen, mashed
bees, etc., forming a conglomerate
gummy mess — into a vessel, slightly
heated, and then squeezed out by the
hands, or by less effective means. The
product was a honey rank in flavor,
and disgusting to the sight, as parti-
cles of pollen, bees' wings and legs,
and comb were visible ; and these as-
associations made it anything but
toothsome to the consumer.

But thanks to the inventive genius
of progressive apiarists, for the mov-
able-comb hive and the extractor. By
means of these inventions, bee-keeping
has been revolutionized ; in place of
the " strained " honey of our fathers,
we behold a product that stands with-
out a rival as a sweet ; a product that
is no longer a luxury — to be had only
by the rich — but it is within the reach
of all, and to-day, the yet infant in-
dustry of honey-production bids fair
to unfetter the masses — when they
learn the merits of extracted honej' — ■
from one villainous monopoly — the
sugar trust, that now has its iron heel
of tyranny upon our throats.

The application of these inventions
to the production of extracted honey,
though differing in some of the minor
details with different apiarists, is about
as follows :

The bees are obliged to build their
combs in movable frames, which may
be removed from the hive without in-
jury to combs or bees. These combs,
when filled with honey, and sealed
over by the bees, are taken from the
hive, the adhering bees brushed off,
and the combs taken to the extracting-
rooni. For this room, the necessary
appliances are, an extractor, au un-
capping-knife, uncapping-table, can
for pouring the newly extracted honey
into, and, lastly, the receptacles in
which it is to be placed upon the
market.

38

"TH® MB^mmiGmM mmn j&^mMmi^.

OBTAINING PURE EXTRACTED HONEY.

Now we are ready for the modus
operandi for obtaining the pure liquid
honey from the combs :

The frame of comb containing the
honey to be extracted is taken by the
operator, the upper end being held by
his left hand, while the lower end rests
on the uncapping table ; with the un-
capping-knife in his right hand, he
now commences at the lower end of
the comb, and cuts oif the cappings of
the sealed cells, leaving the honey ex-
posed as it was before being sealed by
the bees. The cappings thus cut off,
drop into a sieve, which is beneath the
center of the uncapping-table. The
top of this table should be covered
with tin, and made to drain into the
sieve under which is a vessel for catch-
ing the drippings.

The comb now being uncapped on
both sides, is placed into the extractor,
which is a machine for separating the
honey from the comb, by means of
centrifugal force. This force and its
mode of action are best illustrated by
taking the familiar case of the grind-
stone. All have, no doubt, during that
period of life when a fondness for re-
volving wheels was at its highest point,
turned father's or grandfather's grind-
stone, and watched with childish de-
light the sparkling drops of water fly
oti tangentially from the perimeter of
the stone.

The honey-extractor is so construct-
ed that this force, which causes the
drops of water to fly from the stone —
in the case of the grindstone — causes
the liquid honey, in the case of the ex-
tractor, to be thrown from the cells of
the combs.

THE EXTRACTOR AND ITS USE.

As commonly made, the extractor is
a large can in which is a revolving
basket, or frame, made of coarse wire-
cloth, the axis of revolution being ver-
tical. This axis is so geared with cog-
wheels that for each revolution of a
crank, turned by the hand, the basket
will make about five revolutions.

The uncapped combs are now placed
in this frame, which usually holds two
frames of combs — though extractors
holding ten frames have been made —
the uncapped cells resting against the
coarse wire-cloth. Tlie operator now
gives the crank of the extractor a few
turns, reverses the combs, and turns
again, and the honey contained in the
combs is "slung" out, as it were,
against the side of the can, down
which it runs, and is drawn off though
a gate at the bottom.

This honey is now sti'ained through
a cheese-cloth into a large can, that
will hold 300 pounds or more, and
allowed to clear up liefore drawing oS"
into receptacles in which it is to be

placed upon the market. These latter
should be small tin or glass vessels, for
a retail trade, or 50-galloa oak-barrels,
waxed, for wholesale trade.

QUALITY OF EXTRACTED HONEY.

This depends much upon the care
and knowledge exercised by the api-
ai'ist in its production. Honey ex-
tracted from combs partly filled with
pollen, larvas, and young bees, almost
ready to be sealed over, is little better
than the olden time " strained honej'."
Extracted honey, to be a first-class
grade, must be produced in fresh,
clean combs which contain no pollen,
larviB or j'oung bees ; it should also be
sealed before being extracted, and
each variety of honey kept separate
from all others. The reasons why such
precautions are to be observed is evi-
dent, viz :

Fresh, clean combs should be used,
for the reason that if foul and musty
combs be given to a strong colony of
bees in the height of a honey-flow, they
will store the honey in these combs be-
fore they have been thoroughly reno-
vated. The result is, that the honey
stored in such combs is of an inferior
quality.

Combs partly filled with pollen
should not be extracted from, when a
strictly first-class article of honey is
desired, because some of the cells of
pollen will become disseminated
through the honey while extracting.
The presence of pollen in extracted
honey produces a very undesirable ef-
fect, spoiling the flavor and delicate
aroma of the honey, no matter how
pure it may be otherwise.

Combs containing lai^va) and yoving
bees should not be extracted from, for
no matter how experienced the opera-
tor may be, sealed honey — such as is
fit to be extracted to produce a first-
class article of diet — cannot be thrown
from the cells with a force less then
that with which the larvre and young
bees are thrown. Such a practice of
extracting from combs containing
larvaj and young bees, is to be con-
demned under any circumstances.

WHEN TO EXTRACT HONEY.

That it should be sealed over before
being extracted is now, I believe, ad-
mitted by nearly all apiarists.

It has been claimed by some, that
more honey, and honey which is of
just as good quality, can be produced
by extracting just before the bees seal
it over, or just after they have sealed
over the first few rows of cells at the
tops of the frames. This method, of
course, saves the bees the work of seal-
ing, and the operator the work of un-
capping, but necessitates curing the
honey by artificial means, which
is done by allowing the extracted

honey to stand in an open vessel,
exposed to a warm, dry atmosphere.

VARIETIES OF EXTRACTED HONEY.

That each variety should be kept as
distinct as is possible, is I'eadily seen
by all, when it is known that there are
as many different flavored honeys as
there are difl'erent kinds of bloom from
which the bees gather hone3^ This is
accomplished by having a knowledge,
and keeping a watch, of the surround-
ing flora which produces the honey ;
thus knowing just when one plant
ceases to yield nectar, the surplus of
which must be removed before another
begins to yield. Of course, in all cases
each varietj' cannot be kept entirely
distinct, as there may be two or more
honey-producing plants yielding nec-
tar at the same time ; in this case, the
honey should be classed and put upon
the market as " all sorts."

CARE OF EXTRACTED HONEY.

This, as a rule, is not understood by
many, though the physical laws under-
lying its preservation are simple, viz :

Honey, being a dense liquid, is
slower to change in temperature than
the surrounding atmosphere, therefore,
wlien the temperature of the honey is
lower than that of the surrounding at-
mosphere, any aqueous vapor in the
air which comes in contact with the
honey, is condensed by the cooler
honey. Thus it is that by continual
changes of temperature, honey which
is exposed to moist air becomes watery,
and finally the process of fermentation
sets in. This abnormal condition of
honejf obtains, slowly, or with rapidity,
in proportion to the changes of the
temperature, and moisture in the at-
mosphere to which it is exposed.
These facts lead us directly to the only
means by which extracted honey may
be safely kept, viz : 1. Hermetically
sealed. 2. Kept in a warm, dry place,
where the temperature is reasonably
even.

As a rule, extracted honey will candy
in from three to four weeks after be-
ing extracted, though I have known
white clover honey not to candy until
the third year after extracting. This
candying process is a good proof of
the undulterated product.

VARIOUS USES OF EXTRACTED HONEY.

The avenues for the consumption of
extracted honey are many, and are
daily increasing. Among those most
common may be cited the following,
viz : Table use, confectionery, pastry
and cakes, jellies and jams ; canning
and preserving fruit, both cooked and
in its natural state ; curing hams and
meats of various kinds, in making
mead, metheglin, honey-wines harvest
drinks, and liquors ; honey-vinegar,
honey egg-foam, medicinal prepara-

XME^ mwtmmic^mn mmm jouRr^^Eiu.

39

•■^^^^^^^^^^'^~-'^'--^'^'-^^^^^^^^'

tions, syrups, ointments and salves. It
forms the principal ingredient in the
formation of printer's rollers, and is
used in the manufacture of beer, ale
and tobacco.

The excellence and beauty of a tirst-
class article of comb honey is appre-
ciated by many ; but a first-class article
of extracted honey is something with
which few people are familiar. But
this is a progressive age, and as ignor-
ance is rapidly yielding to enlighten-
ment, so is extracted honey rapidly
taking its proper place at the head of
all sweets.

Pittsfield, Ills.

RACES OF BEES.

Descriptions of Various Races of
the Honey.Bee.

Read at the Michigan Convention

BY PKOF. A. J. COOK.

By special request of our wide-awake
Secretary, I was led to prepare this essay.
Our Secretary is not only full of enterprise,
but also of practicality. His enterprise al
most always looks towards utility. He
loves all truth ; but that truth which can'ies
blessing with it, is doubly dear to him.

Secretary Cutting also believes in fairs.
Perhaps I ought to except Dr. A. B. Mason,
when I state that no man in the tJnited
States has had so extended and so useful
and valuable an experience with honey-
exhibits, as our Secretary. Thus I have
concluded, or inferred at least, that he has
felt the need of more accurate descriptions
of races, as they were exhibited at our va-
rious expositions. This conclusion leads me
to make this essay practical.

My object, then, will excuse lack of ful-
ness in minute details, which otherwise
should gain admittance in such descrip-
tions. 1 shall, for like reasons, consider, at
this time, only those races that are actually
among us, and shall speak only of charac-
teristics that are valuable, either from the
stand-point of profit, or identification.

In the study of races, which have been
developed by Nature, and not man, we
should always remember the environment.
Where circumst.ances press hard, the law
of natural selection, of necessity, produces
greater excellence. We should expect,
then, that the Carniolan bees, the Italians,
the Cyprians, and the Syrians, would each
possess very valuable characteristics. The
crowded colonies, the restricted areas,
and, especially in Syria, the frequent and
excessive drouths, all combine to weed out
the less prolific, and the less industrious
colonies. We might reasonably expect,
then, to find in these races, longer tongues,
larger honey-stomachs, increased industry,
greater endurance and prolificness, than in
races of a less trying environment. I fully
believe that a close study of the surround-
ing conditions of each race, would quickly
explain peculiarities of structure and
habit. Thus I believe we may easily ac-
count for the irritability of the Cyprian
and Syrian races, by simply studying their
history ; and, likewise, the amiability of the
Italian race, and the Carniolans.

I think, too, that this explanation would
explain the speedy change of disposition of
the Syrian and Cyprian bees, as they are
handled, and their temperaments studied
and humored. The Syrians are remarkably
quiet and inoffensive unless disturbed, and

I found that very soon upon domestication,
the angry mood ceased to come, with hand-
ling. In our study of races, this law of
change through environment should always
be kept in view.

In describing or studying races, there are
some parts that are specially important.
The color and hair-covering of the thorax
are to be noted. The rings of the abdomen
are also important. As is known, there are
six rings, or segments, to this third or pos-
terior division of the bee's body. This is
true of both the workers and the queens.
The color of these several rings, and the
color and amount of hair that they bear,
are valuable aids in identifying the sepa-
rate races. Usually, there are four rows of
plumose hairs— a row to each of the rings,
if we except the Hrst,or the one next to the
thorax, and the last, or the one at the tip
of the body. Often the color of these rings
of hair, as in the case of the Krainer or Car-
niolan bees, is the most ready means to
identify individuals of the race.

The Black and the "Ifello^v Bees.

Before I speak of the separate races, let
me state that we may divide our common
honey-bees into two types — the black and
the yellow bees. To the black bees belong
the common German bees, and varieties of
this type, such as the Carniolan, heath bees,
etc. These are the European bees, par ex-
cellence, and are i)eculiar in coloration and
in habitat. It is very possible that some of
the African races are derived from this
race. Of these we are practically, at pres-
ent, only interested in the German and
Carniolan bees, and so I shall only speak
of them in fuller detail.

The yellow races are very well fixed.
Whether they should rank as varieties of
one race, or as seTiarate races, is a question.
If their characteristics of color and habit are
persistent, then each is a race. I am in-
clined to the opinion that this is the case.
Such questions, however, are not very im-
portant, as our present philosophy simply
makes species, races, and varieties a difl:er-
ence of quantity in variation, and fixity of
characteristics. Time solidifies a variety —
if we may so speak — into a race, and with
longer time the race crystallizes into a
species.

Of these yellow races — we will call them
"races'' — I shall only consider the three
which are at present in our American api-
aries, and are exhibited at our fairs, viz :
the Italian, Syrian, and Cyprian.

The Black or German Bee.

This bee is so well known, that I should
not pause to siieak of it, were it not that it
will form a good standard for comparison.

We may say that the German bee is
large, gray-black — the queen is obscure-
brown beneath— and irritable in disposi-
tion. The color, black, is due to the body,
which is shining black, as maybe seen in
robber or diseased bees, where the hair is
gone. 'The gray is due to the rows of hairs,
which are light in color, and so with the
black, dark ground, give the gray-black
color familiar to us all in these German
bees.

The tongue of the black bee is shorter
than that of the yellow races. Their irrita-
bility makes the"m unsuited to the begin-
ner, though with the bee-tent, and other
improvements, the experienced apiarist
would not mind their ill-temper.

It is often said that German bees are
more prone to rob than others, and less en-
ergetic in defending their hives. The first
may come from idleness, consequent upon
their shorter tongues; the latter, from
strength of colony, consequent upon their
moderate prolificness. Their restless na-
ture is well known, as their disagreeable
habit of rushing about the comb, and fall-

ing from it, are too evident to escape
attention.

It has been claimed that black bees are
more hardy than are the yellow races.
Quite likely the fact that black bees are
more likely to be in box-hives, where the
attachment of the combs direct to the
walls of the hive give a certain protection
in severe winters, gave rise to this opinion.
Whether true or not, this is no very essen-
tial matter; for, granting superiority, it is
not sutficiontly pronounced to remove the
necessity of protection, and with protection
and proper care all are alike safe.

That German bees produce very white
comb honey is, beyond question, true. A
little thicker capping, or a little greater
separation of the caps from the h(jney,
though really a small matter, is in fact a
matter of much importance. Indeed, it
may be that which sells our product. In
this case, a little added beauty may be the
"taking thing."

Apiarists, long ago, noted that black bees
are a little more ready to leave the brood-
chamber, and store in the sections placed
in a chamber above, than are the yellow
races. With the neophyte, this quality
would count; with the experienced bee-
keeper, who has learned the best skill of
the art, this counts for much less.

If we except the white cappings, and the
readiness to store in the surplus chamber,
we may say that in every peculiarity of
structure, temperament and habit, the
German race is inferior for the practical
work of the apiary.

It is easy to see why the German bees are
inferior — their home is the cold Northland,
where winter's cold and merciless grasp,
ever and anon, crushes out the bee-life, de-
stroying all but the most vigorous. Thus
the increase is limited, and natural selec-
tion does not act with the severity that it
does in the more favored tropics. Thus we
easily see why the black bee is less devel-
oped in the direction of rapid production,
than are some of the other races.

It remains to be said that the German
bee, crossed with any of the' yellow races,
produces a bee much superior to itself.
Cattle and horses are bred for different
purposes, and so crosses produce confusion,
and cross-breedin^has little to recommend
it. With bees, it is not so. All races are
for the same purpose; so there is no ob-
jection to crossing; indeed, it seems more
than likely that the bee of the future will
be a hybrid bee. If so, quite likely the Ger-
man race, or some of its varieties, will en-
ter into the combination. ,

The Carniolan Bees.

These bees are certainly a well-marked
variety of the German race. Their charac-
ters are so well marked and so fixed, that it
would be no great mistake to consider them
a race. Indeed, some very good authorities
regard them as a distinct race. If I mistake
not, Mr, Frank Benton thus regards them,
and surely few are better prepared to judge
correctly than is he.

Whether we consider them a variety or a
race, I think that there can be no doubt;
but that they are an offshoot from the com-
mon black bees. More amiable than the
Italian, and with " business habits " — if we
may use the expression— equal to the best
of the yellow races, no wonder this bee has
so rapidly grown into favor in both Europe
and America.

We may well quote Shakespeare's "Sweet
are the uses of adversity," for here, again,
hard circumstance has resulted in an im-
proved variety. The winters of Austria are
mild; the region of Krain is isolated by
lofty mountains ; thus with redundant bees
and restricted forage, we have all the fac-
tors of rapid progression. In Austria, as in
Italy, the bees have been manipulated, and

40

XH® mimmmiGMm mmm ji&iSMmmiL.

thus the angry temperament has been sub-
dued.

The Carniolan workers are not only very
large, but the abdominal rings of hairs are
ver}' plainly marked. The hair is light
gi'ay, so that the bees seem distinctly
banded. The color of the abdomen is gray-
ish black, or dark drab, and so it is not so
black as the typical German bee. The
wings are large and .■strong. Thus the color
of the Carniolan bees, and the light rings of
hairs, are the distinguishing characteristics.

The drones are also gray, hairy "fellows,"
and very robust of body and wing.

The Carniolan queen is very large —
larger, perhaps, than the queen of any
other of our domesticated bees. As is well
known, while the comman black queen is
very black above, she is lironze-colored be-
neath. The typical Carniolan has this rich
bronze color for the entire abdomen. The
queens vary not a little — some are nearly
as black as the German queens, and some-
times the bronze is almost as golden as the
brightest Italians. Mr. Benton says that a
faint yellow or rust-red band sometimes
shows in l)0th queens and workers. The
thorax is thickly set with gray hairs.

The variation iu queen and workers
would argue for variety versus race ; yet
we must rememlier that the range in varia-
tion of Italians is nearly as great.

The qualities of the Carniolan bees are,
gi'eat proliticness, exceeding amiability —
they are the gentlest of bees; they equal or
exceed the German bees as comb-builders,
in the whiteness of their comb honey ;
are very large; and so, doubtless, have
large honey-stomachs; are more quieten
the combs, and more beautiful than are the
common black bees. It is also claimed that
they defend their hives well, and resist
severe cold better than most other bees.

It is further stated that Carniolans are
more disturbed by loss of queen than most
other bees; are prone to rob, when forced
to idleness; and, perhaps, most olijection-
able of all, are great swarmers. If this last,
however, simply follows from excessive
proliticness, and can be easily controlled by
an expert apiarist (as I am led to believe,
or at least to hope), then the matter is not
so objectionable.

If, as already stated, the German bees
are promising, to cross with other races, to
produce the coming bee, then surely the
Carniolan is pre-eminently so; for these
bees possess not only the virtues of the
parent bees, but these virtues are exalted
in the Carniolans; while they (the Carnio-
lans) are strong in many points where the
blacks are conspicuously deficient.

Tlie Italian Bees.

These bees are so well known that I need
not dwell long upon their characteristics.
Yet, as before with the German race, it is
well to point out their leading character-
istics, as a sort of a yard-stick to be used in
gauging the other yellow races.

The Italian worker is very slightly
smaller than the German woi-ker. The
three anterior abdominal rings are golden
yellow in front, and verj- dark behind, thus
giving the three-banded appearance, so
much admired in these bees.

The rings of hairs are gray, and the third
and fourth are usually very distinct. These
hairs are often very white, and hence arose
the albino varietj', which, by careful breed-
ing, has become agood variety. (These bees
are usually very gentle and very hand-
some. Further than this, I have failed to
discover any superior excellence in the
albino bees). The thorax is densely covered
with gray, yellow, or brown hair; and be-
neath, the body is usually dark, quite or
near to the tip. The tongue is longer than
the same in the German bee.

The drone is irregularly marked with
dark and yellow above, the amount of yel-

low varying much in different specimens.
Sometimes the yellow appears in rings, and
often the entire base, and sometimes the
whole abdomen is yellow. The hair is dense,
and light-yellow in color.

The queen also varies much in color.
Here the yellow is not iu rings, but marks
the upper portion of the abdomen more or
less from the base. Frequently the entire
upper surface is yellow, though more often
a greater or less distance from the tip is
dark.

The yellow color of the queen and work-
ers varies not a little. Often we find them
very dark, or leather-colored, and, again, a
beautiful bright yellow. I am inclined to
the opinion that the dull, leather-colored
ones are usually juost profitable. It is pos-
sible that the brilliant yellow bees have
been bred for color alone, and so they have
lost, partially, the more desirable charac-
teristics of activity and prolificness.

It is not necessary for me to praise the
Italian bees — their works have praised
them, as all experienced bee-keepers know.
Tbeir longer tongues enable them to gather
where the blacks cannot; hence they are
often busy while the blacks are idle ; and so,
for the nonce robbers, while the Italians are
honestly storing. Though not so eager to
rob, they are excellent to defend against
robbers. Exceedingly active and prolific,
very gentle, quiet on the combs, and the
queen easily seeu and found — no wonder
they have gained a first place in the favor
of the apiarian public.

The fact that Italians are not so ready to
go into the supers, and do not produce as
white honey as the blacks or Carniolans,
argues conclusively that an improvement
is possible, and so, desirable. It goes with-
out saying, that the Italians would form a
valuable pillar — though possibly not the
best — in the foundation of the bee of the
future.

The fact that our American Italians are
often improved by the introduction of
fresh importations, proves that Nature may
breed better than man. Nature only con-
sults utility — the best is always her cry.
Man often reaches for beauty alone — beauty
as beauty. Hence while the hard condi-
tions of their restricted home in Switzer-
land continuall3' improves the Italians,
man's selection may not result so happily,
unless very wisely made.

The Cypriaik Race of Bees*

These bees are slightly slimmer, possibly
a trifle smaller, than the Italians, with the
alidomen more pointed than the same iu
the Italian bees. The two anterior of the
three yellow bands are wider than in the
Italians ; while beneath the abdomen is yel-
low, nearly or quite to the tip. The scutel-
lum — the little lunule at the posterior end
of the thorax — is bright yellow. This,
with the underside of the abdomen, forms
the most ready means to identify the Cyp-
rian worker. The hair rings are light
yellow.

The drones are slim. The thorax and
rings of the abdomen are orange yellow.
Each ring on the side of the abdomen is said
to always show a black dot.

The queens are small, and very slender.
Their abdomens are long, and ringed, as
are the workers, only there are four rings,
all of which are dark orange-yellow. The
yellow hair on Ihe thorax, and the hair-
rings on the abdomen of the same color,
consist of dense, fine hair.

The Cyprian bees are said to vary less
than any other race, and are exceedingly
beautiful. Fi-om their Island home, we
should expect this. Except a lack of amia-
bility, these bees are much like the Italians
in peculiarities of habits, as well as of
structure.

They are very active, very prolific, not
prone to rob, excellent to defend their hives

against robbers, beautiful to look upon, and
the queen is easy to find. That they should
be excellent as producers, and cross and
irritalile, is easily explained. Cold does not
thin them out; but enemies are numerous
and active. No wonder, then, that natural
selection works here with gi'eat energy and
power.

There are no skilled bee-keepers in Cyprus,
so these bees have not been handled much,
and we should expect that they would be
irritable, and impatient of manipulation.
There is no doubt but that with more gen-
eral adoption, the objection of tempera-
ment would soon disappear.

I can but think that it was a misfortune
that these bees were so soon given up by
American bee-keepers. If, even better
than the Italians (as there is reason to sup-
pose, except iu point of amiability), then
doiibtless they would be even better than
the Italian bees to cross with the Carniolan,
in forming the "coming bee.* I fully be-
lieve, that, with handling, the Cyprians
would be so modified, even if kept entirely
pure, that very soon this irritability would
be no objection to the experienced apiarist.

The Syrian Race of Bees.

I have had not a little experience with
the Syrian bees, and believe them to be the
best of the yellow bees. Though irritable
at first, they scarcely ever attack a person
unless provoked, and, with manipulation,
soon become very easy and pleasant to
handle. J3

The workers, when they first come from
the cells, are almost like the black bees.
The rings are so approximated that the yel-
low bauds are almost concealed. After they
expand and commence work, they are
much like the Italians, except that they are
more j-ellow beneath. They are a little
smaller, possibly, than the Italians, and are
more uniform, and a little brighter.

The drones are black above, and yellow-
ish brown beneath. The legs are black. Each
segment of the abdomen is bordered poster-
iorily, above, with lirowuish 3-ellow. The
hairs above, on the thorax, are olive
brown, while on the other parts they are
lighter colored. Like all the bees of this
race, the drones are wonderfully uniform.

The queens are black, with four leather-
colored bands mai-king the segments from
the second to the fifth inclusive. The legs
and under side of the abdomeu are yellow.
Except that they are not quite as amiable
— though with handling they soon become
very pleasant to manipulate — I believe that
the Syrian bees possess all the virtues of
the Italians, and most of them in a more
marked degi'ee.

It is possible that the laying workers ap-
pear more (-[uickly iu queenless Syrian col-
onies than iu the case of Italians; but this
is scarcely a fault, tor colonies should not
be allowed to remain queenless; and if
such a tendency make the beekeeper more
cautious and watchful, then we may well
question whether it be a fault. I will say
that we have not found this a matter of any
moment.

Again, the Syrians do start many queen-
cells. To the careful breeder, this is an ad-
vantage, and should be no injury to any
bee-keeper. The matter of temper, as al-
readj' suggested, need not count against
the Syrians ; with handling, it so soon dis-
appears.

Like the other yellow races, these bees
are not so ready to go into the surplus cham-
ber, nor do they produce quite as white
comb honey as do the German bees.

As the Syrian bees are very prolific, very
active, excellent gatherers, breed when
there is no storing — due doubtless to the
fact that, as with no other race, the nurse-
bees feed the queen nitrogenous food, even
though the workers are forced to stop gath-

'THi® mimMMicmn jamm jOjiimnwi^.

41

eriug; are slow to rob, and stroug to defend
their hives— in sooth, possess in a marl;ed
degree the merits of the yellow races, they
are pre-eminently the bees to enter into the
make-up of the "coming bee."

p''rom the fact that the Syrian bees lack
two important characteristics, which are
emphatically marked in the Carniolan bees,
it goes without saying, that the Carniolan
race is the one most desirable to cross with
the Syrian, to produce the bee of the future.
I can but believe that a cross, or hybrid,
■will form the basisof the "coming bee." All
science points that way ; No objection— no
valid objection— says nay. With our pres-
ent light, these two races- the Syrian and
the Carniolan— stand out prominently as
the basic stock 'on which to build. I am
strong in the belief that there is much to
hope from experiments in this direction.

Mr. Frank Benton, whose ability aad ex-
perience combine to give his words gi'eatest
weight, places the Syrian bees as first of
the yellow races, and the Carniolan bees as
first — everything considered — of all bees.
Granting, then, that the great improvement
of the future is to be the carefully selected
offspring of a cross,or hybrid (as any scien-
tific breeder, I think, must gi-ant), then we
are surelj' warranted in recommending
every breeder — who wishes to work for the
best, and in the most i)romising lines— to
unite these two races; and with a fixed
ideal in his mind to work toward, carefully
select, and I'eject, and I doubt not but that
a rich success will in the end crown his
efforts.

Agricultural College, Mich.

FOUNDATION.

Using Full Sheets of Founilation
in Sections.

Written for the American Bee Journal
BY JAMES HEDDON.

This Is the subject of Query 677, on
page 6. The answers are quite com-
prehensive, and differ according' to tlie
various experiences of tlie different
bee-keepers in widely-separated locali-
ties. There is one important point
that has not been touched in all of the
answers. Scientific bee-keeping dis-
covered, and put It down as a fact,that
the less drones the hives contain, the
better. In a state of nature, bees need
more drones to the colony, by twentj--
fold, than they do in an apiary under
the guiding hand of the bee-master.
This is not all — we desire to fill the
air with drones from certain colonies,
while from others we prefer to have
none at all, and mj' most successful
honey-producing colonies are those
that have no drones at all. This alone
is enough to set tip the theory that a
successful and profitable colony needs
no drones at all.

Now, then, when the brood-chamber
is full of worker-comb, unless you fill
the sections full of worker-comb also,
nearly all drone-comb will be built in
the sections. It is conceded that
drone-comb is not as handsome for
surplus honey as the worker size. It
certainly is not as stroug for shipping

—but all that amounts to but little,
comjjared to tlie point that if there is
any (Ironc-conib in the surplus sections,
it will be filled with drone-l)rood, un-
less a queen-e.xclnding honcy-lioard is
used ; and then, if it is only possible
for the queen to pull and squeeze her-
self through the narrow passage-ways
surrounded with metal, she will do so.
The bees must urge her up, or convey
to her the knowledge that there is
drone-comb above. This is true of all
hives, of all shapes or depths, and as
plainly possible with one depth as
another, provided, as stated, there is
no drone-comb in the brood-chamber.

HONEV-COMB IN THE .STOMACH.

Let me say to Mrs. Harrison, that,
in one respect at least, I have a stom-
ach just like hers. It will not digest
beeswax at all, and it will not digest
honey-comb any more than it will
beeswax ; but any perfectly smooth,
indigestible material, like comb or
wax, is most wholesome, and greatly
aids in digesting other food. It is es-
pecially beneficial even in connection
with warm biscuit, because it mixes up
with the biscuit material.

The only liard suljstance to digest,
is something that will digest, but will
not do so readily. Anything that will
not digest at all, produces no strain
upon the digestive system. The con-
clusion is, that comb honey is the most
digestible food in the world. If the
honey is thoroughly ripened by tlie
bees (that is, digested), how readily
it assimilates, the bees having done
the work. The comb being wholly in-
digestible, no effort is made by the
system to digest it, and so it passes
along without harm ; but with the
beneficent result of aiding the other
substances in the stomach to digest
more readily, making avenues, as it
does, for the acids and gastric juices
to thoroughly mix up with the food.

Practice has proven the above long
ago ; and what is practically true, is
never theoretically false.

Dowagiac, Mich.

QUEEN-CAGE.

Further Suggestions About tlie
Pratt <lueen-Cage.

Written f(yr the American Bee Journal

BY E. L. PKATT.

For the benfit of those interested in
the queen-cage described on page 800
of the American Bee Journal for
1889,1 will say that the cages should be
provisioned, corked, and the screen-
cloth tacked on before the queens and
attendants are put in.

The cover should be fastened at one
corner with one |-inch wire nail, and

turned at right angles with the cage,
in such a manner as to bring the ven-
tilating hole directly over the center
apartment, thus making a convenient
tluimb-liole tlirough which to slip the
queens and wiu'kers, one by one.

The lid can be turned back into
place, and tai^ked fast, as soon as all
the queens have been taken out.

This cage is receiving many words
of praise, and several bee-keeping
friends have suggested little improve-
ments that will make it the best ship-
ping and intro<lucing cage in u.se, I
think. Mr. Doolittle suggests wrap-
ping the cages, and I have had a neat,
colored wrapper printed. On one side
are lines on which to write the address;
on another, the shipper's card, and the
postage stamp, and on the opposite
side are directions for introducing. All
the samples which I send out now are
in these wrappers.

Our bees are wintering nicely, since
there has not been a day, hardly, up to
Jan. 1, that they could not tty. There
are very few dead bees on the bottom-
boards. We have had a very open win-
ter in the East, so far. Christmas day
was like balmy spring. There is no
breeding, as yet, in any of the hives.

Marlboro, Mass.

HONEY-DEW.

It Crystallizes on the Incense
Cedar Trees of California.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY S. L. WATKINS.

In the Sierra Nevada Mountains,
after a dry season, it is nothing un-
common in the incense-cedar woods,
to see the twigs and branches of whole
forests glistening witli crystallized
honey-dew. This honey-dew exudes
from the trees for about six weeks, at
the end of which time it crystallizes,
and looks like drops of granulated
sugar on the under side of the limbs.
After repeated experiments, I have
found that it is caused by the work of
aphides.

The incense-cedar trees grow in cer-
tain sections of the countrj', and they
seem to be a general favorite for the
aphides to work on ; common cedars
they will not touch, as I have never
found any trace of their work on them.

This honey-dew, before being gath-
ered by theijees, has a slightly cedary
taste, not at all unpleasant, like ordi-
nary honey-dew, but, on the contrary,
very agreeable. I have had colonies
store 150 pounds of surplus comb
honey in six weeks, all gathered from
this source ; the combs being of snowy
whiteness, and the honey the thickest
that I have ever seen. After the aphides

42

stxDp working, the honey-dew begins to
crystallize, and I have sometimes found
a couple of spoonfuls of fine sugar, on
a single twig twelve inches long, al-
ready crystallized, and refined without
any cai'e or labor at all.

I am informed by reliable parties,
that in certain sections of Oregon, they
have immense crops of honey, some-
times— all gathered from honey-dew,
and the honey is all first-class, too. In
the valley counties of California, the
white-oaks furnish unlimited quantities
of honey-dew ; the honey is poor in
quality, of a slightly bitter taste, but
makes an excellent winter food for
bees in this climate.

As there is an illimitable extent of
white-oaks in the central portion of
this (El Dorado) county, Mr. H. G.
Hubbard, of this city, conceived the
idea of transplanting some of the white-
oak aphides of the Sacramento Valley,
into this section of the country, so as to
give the bees something to work on in
the fall of the year, to keep them out
of mischief, and at the same time sup-
ply them with necessary winter stores.
He experimented considerably in this
direction, but was never successful in
getting them propagated on the white-
oaks of this vicinity.

Climatic influences, I suppose, cause
them to live in certain sections, and
die in others. If we had severe winters
here,like there are in the Eastei'n States,
we would not try to propagate this
species of uphides.

Placerville, Calif.

BEE-KEEPING.

Pushing the Bee-Bii8ines§— The
National Flower.

Written, for the American Bee Journal

BY REV. STEPHEN ROESE.

The writer notices with pleasure,
from reports of bee-keepers, the boun-
tiful harvest which many expert bee-
keepers have gathered during the sea-
son of 1889 ; and judging from the
early appearance of price-lists for the
coming season, great eftbrts are being
made in all parts of our country to
push the art and industry of bee-keep-
ing the coming season, with energy
and enterprise.

My efforts during the past season
have not been crowned with success,
for want of supplies in the time of
need ; many swarms of bees, and more
than one ton of honey was my loss, in
consequence. From 78 colonies, spring
count, I increased to 140, and took
only 900 pounds of comb honey, in
one-pound sections, and 1,600 pounds
of extracted honey — a report which I
have felt ashamed to give before but

not discouraged, I look forward, if life
and time shall last, for better days to
come.

LITTLE HONEY FROM GOLDEN-ROD.

I have closely observed all the testi-
monies in the American Bee Journal
for and against golden-rod — that sweet
and lovely flower, which greets the
passer-by from every roadside, hedge
and fence-corner, with a sweet smile,
when all other flowers of early and
mid-summer have faded ; and wel-
comes, besides, the millions of nectar-
gatherers to feast on its sweets, which it
so bountifully unbosoms during favor-
able seasons. In my estimation, golden-
rod well deserves to be styled " Amer-
ica's National Hone3'-Flower," although
the past season it has furnished bee-
keepers very little, if any, honey. For
my part, I could not show one pound
of clear golden-rod honey, for in this
locality the season was too dry. Its
bloom proved of short duration, but
the honey-gatherers were not slow in
recognizing golden-rod as the " na-
tional honey-flower," by visits from
early morn till night.

Maiden Rock, Wis.

GOLDEN-ROD.

This Plant Considered as a
Honey-Producer.

Written Sor the American Bee Journal

BY E. K. DEAN.

I have read with considerable inter-
est the reports pro and co?i on this sub-
ject, from different parts of the coun-
try, as published in the American Bee
Journal during the last two or three
months — more particularly as I have
for a number of years heard its merits
as a honey-yielder highly extolled bj'
some who write for this valuable bee-
paper, and so I have been looking in
vain to see these reports verified to
much extent, till this year.

Owing to the abundant summer
rains, the golden-rod had made an un-
usually vigorous growth, and was in
a good condition, with its luxurious
bloom, to produce a fine flow of honey,
if ever. Then Sept. 1st came with
two weeks of as fine weather for the
secretion of nectar as I ever saw.
Owing to the partial failure of a honey
crop in this section previous to this
time, a good many hives were still pro-
vided with cases of sections in difler-
ent stages of completion, many con-
taining no honey at all.

During this period the bees were on
a "grand rush," and I never knew
honey to come in any faster during the
most prolific j-ield of white clover (our
principal source here) ; and to walk
through the apiary after sundown was

anything but pleasant, for I never yet
met one who admired the odor of this
plant, or rather blossom ; and it seemed
as if the honey, by its strong smell,
must have a double or triple extract
of this perfume. In short, it was very
rank and unpleasant. I knew there
was to be inevitably a large crop of
golden-rod honey, and I feared that its
value, as a selling article, would be
slim.

Well, every section was completed,
and every available place in the hives,
not yet occupied, was filled, and a
number of colonies, which had a space
back of the division-boards, built new
combs and filled them to the roof of
the hives.

This is the first time in my experi-
ence, that I have comb honey to sell,
entirelj' of golden-rod, and I found
that the rank and disagreeable odor
soon disappeared, and although very
dark in color, it is fine in flavor, and
verj' thick and I'ich — so thick, in fact,
that it is next to impossible to extract
it clean from the combs.

I supply my home market, and at
this season I sell considerable extracted
honey for buckwheat-cakes, going
from house to house, taking orders
from samples which I carry in ordinary
fruit-cans. At first sight, a good many
vi'ill saj% " Oh, I don't want any of that
dark honey !" I reply, "All right ; its
all the same price ; suit yourself." But
1 urge them to sample each variety,
after which some will say, " I declare,
I believe the dark is the best, after
all ;" and so the result is, I can sell
just about as much of the golden-rod
honey as of the white clover.

One thing which, to me appears
strange, is that although this plant is
indigenous to such a large radius of
country, still it reports invariably a
scanty or barren crop in the Western
and Middle States ; while the "busy
little bee " revels with delight among
its golden plumes, under proper at-
mospheric conditions, along the hills
and valleys of New England.
Sharon, Conn.

A Special dub Rate.

A Magazine of the choice literary charac-
ter which the Illostrated Home Journax,
sustaius, will add many pleasures to any
" family circle." Its beautiful illustrations
and interesting reading-matter will make it
heartily welcomed at every " fireside " in
the laud.

We desire that every one of our readers
should secure its regular visits during the
year 1890, aud in order to induce them to
do so, we will make this tempting offer :

We will Club the American Bee Joctrnai.
and the Illustrated Home Journax, and
mail both periodicals during the whole year
1890 for $il.50, if the order is received at
this office before January 31, 1890.

TT-mS mJimMMJ^MM ®1K1£ J&WMf^KJL.

43

^■^■^■^^^■*

COWyENTION DIRECTORY.

1890. Time and place of meeting.

Jan. 20. — Colorado State, at Denver, Colo.

B. Mllleson, Pres., Denver, Colo.

Jan. 20, 21.— Eastern New York, at Albany, N. Y.
W. S. Ward, Sec, Fuller's Station, N. Y.

Jan. 21-24.~MinneB0ta State, at Excelsior, Minn.
VVm. Urie, Sec., Minneapolis, Minn.

Jan. 22.— Vermont State, at Burlington, Vt.

J. H. Larrabee, Sec., Larrabee's Point, Vt.

Feb. 5-7.— New York State, at Rochester, N. Y.

G. H. Knickerbocker, Sec, Pine Plains, N. Y.

May 3.— Susquehanna Co.. at Hopbottom, Pa.

H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.

May 19.— Northern Illinois, at Rnckf<;trd, Ills.

D. A. Fuller, Sec, Cherry Valley, Ills.

' In order to have this table complete,

Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — The Editoh.

sekSS^fM

Earned an Interest in tlie Union.

My bees earned an interest in the Bee-
Keepers' Union the past season. I obtained
about 25,000 pounds of honey, and in-
creased my apiary 95 colonies more, mak-
ing about 235 colonies now in winter quar-
ters, in good condition. Later I will try to
send a full report of this year's crop.

N. Stainingek.

Tipton, Iowa, Dec. 30, 1889.

liSatlierins: Pollen and Honey.

This December is the mildest in Georgia
for several years, the mercury at noon be-
ing from 70 to 80 degrees, and early in the
mornings at 60 degrees. We had one cold
spell in November, and heavy frosts, but
vegetation is not killed yet. The bees are
flying every day, and bringing in pollen,
and have gathered some honey this month.
They seem to have some doubt about the
weather, but some are rearing brood, any-
way. I now have 80 colonies in fine con-
dition. R. H. Campbell.

Madison, Ga., Dec. 27, 1889.

Farmers' Institute — Almanac.

We had a splendid time during the two
days' session, in December, of the Farmers'
Institute here. Among the important
matters discussed was apiculture, which
vfas interesting; but the time was so limit-
ed, for just as the subject came to a " weld-
ing heat," the next on the programme was
called for. On the second day, taxing bees
was discussed.

The Honey Almanac is a grand success.
It opens the way through a perfect wilder-
ness of old-fogy notions. By it we do not
guess, but know, that honey should not be
regarded as a luxury, but as a staple arti-
cle on every man's table, the whole year
around. We need a bee-keepers' institute
in this part of the country, and must have
it, for the purpose of educating in a practi-
cal way. G. B. Olnet.

Atlantic, Iowa.

fVinterins: Bees— Honey-PIauts.

I would like to ask some questions
through the American Bee Jodrnal, viz :

1. Can bees be kept in a house built on
top of the ground, with double walls all
around, and filled in between with sawdust,

chaff, or fine straw tramped in hard or
close, in the climate of central and north-
ern Minnesota?

2. Which is the best kind of bees, the
pure Italians, the pure blacks, or the
hybrids S

3. I put my bees into a bee-house dug fi
feet in the ground, boarded up, and covered
with 2 feet of hay, and one foot of earth,
then 2 feet of fine straw and chaff over the
soil or earth. I then took off the covers,and
placed the hives on a shelf, and put on one
thickness of coffee-sacking for a blanket;
then put on top of each hive a 6-inch box
(open) filled with forest leaves, pressed in.
Do you think that they will do well pre-
pared in that way? They have plenty of
honey.

4. What kind of honey-plants will do the
best in northern and central Minnesota, to
plant for bee-pasturage?

Litchfield, Minn. D. B. Cas.sady.

[1. Yes; many keep them in above-
ground cellars, but they are not as good as
those below the ground, unless extra care
be taken in building them.

2. We think that the pure Italians are
the best. Kead Prof. Cook's article on
page 89 of this issue.

8. The bees ought to do well in that re-
pository.

4. Sweet clover will probably do as well
as any. The territory is so large and
varied that it would be difficult to give
definite instructions that would fit such a
large tract of country. — Ed.]

TSo Fall Honey Crop.

My report for 1889 is rather slim. I
started with 21 colonies, and increased
them to 43, and took 1,200 pounds of sur-
plus honey, all from white clover and bass-
wood. Fall honey was a total failure.

F. M. Mekritt.

Andrew, Iowa, Dec. 28, 1889.

Spring Weatlier in IVIid-Winter.

I have 70 colonies in the cellar, and all
seem to be doing nicely. I left one weak
colony out, not thinking it worth putting
in the cellar. Another hive was left out,
that the bees had left quite a quantity of
honey in. The weather has been so warm
that the weak little colony has carried all
of the honey out of the forsaken hive. Some
have secured plenty to carry them through
the winter, and seem active and strong. I
am going to leave them out, and see what
the result will be. Since the fall rush of
honey, the price has depreciated somewhat,
and I am selling mine at 13 cents. There
is no frost in the ground, and we are hav-
ing spring weather. J. M. A. Millek.

Galva, lUs., Dec. 28, 1889.

Keeping Itees Cool in tlie Cellar.

The weather for four weeks has been so
very warm that it is difficult to keep over
156 colonies of bees in the cellar cool
enough. Indeed, I do not see how we could
do so, if the cellar was not well ventilated,
and kept perfectly dark, and the brick floor
wet with water, when at the highest tem-
perature. To-day the mercury stands at
57 degrees, bees are roaring warm, and yet
they have not flown out very badly, be-
cause the cellar is so well ventilated that
the air smells pure ; yet it has been too
warm to sweep up any dead bees, as it
seems to arouse the bees if we stand near
an entrance, or jar the hive in the least.
They seem to stand ready to pour out. If

one could have told me that we were going
to have such a warm spell, it would be bet-
ter to have the liees out-of-doors, or have
left out part of them till later. We do not
need to build up a sale for our honey, as we
can dispose of it faster than we can get it
ready for market. We had 13,000 or
14,000 pounds of comb honey, and could
sell twice that amount if we had it for sale.
Mrs. L. C. Axtell.
RosevlUe, Dls., Dec. 24, 1889.

R<;siilts of* the Reason.

My report for the summer of 1889 is as
follows: I commenced the season with 27
colonies of bees, increased them to 62, by
natural swarming, and secured about 800
pounds of comb honey in one-pound sec-
tions. The most of it was white clover
honey. S. Burton.

Eureka, Ills., Dec. 80, 1889.

Fine ^Veather— Bees Flying.

The weather is fine, and bees are flying.
Although I have 110 colonies in the cellar,
I have 75 colonies on the summer stands
yet; but, upon expamination, I find that
although heavy in the fall, they are getting
lighter fast, and if such weather continues,
I will have to feed before spring, as they
consume twice as much as those in the cel-
lar ; therefore I will put all into the cellar.

Muscatine, Iowa. John B. Lisdle.

I-iarge Apiary in Florida.

The past has been a very good season
here. I had one colony on the scales from
which I extracted 130 pounds, and it is not
one of the best in the apiary, but may be
above the average ; it is now strong in bees
and honey. The bees are now carrying in
honey and pollen. We (Alderman & Rob-
erts) have 1,200 colonies of bees in good
condition, and the prospects now for a good
crop were never better since I have been in
the business, which is 13 years. We have
two 4-frame extrators that are just the
thing; but we will have to add another, and
I think that we will try the 8-frame extrac-
tor. I want to prepare to take 40 baiTels
of honey a day ; as the fiow here is short,
we have to get everything in place, and be
ready for the work. I would not be with-
out the American Bee Journal for SIO.OO
a year. J. B. Roberts.

Wewahitchka, Fla., Dec. 30, 1889.

How to Pronounce "Carniolan."

I was very much amused in reading in
the always most welcome American Bee
Journal (page 731, for 1889), the ques-
tion how to pronounce the word " Carnio-
lan." The editor is quite right when he
pronounces it with a bigO; but it is not the
German, but the Italian, or rather the
Latin name, and as Americans write, it is
more an English word, than anything else.
The Carniolan Dukedom is called "Ducado
delCragno;" the bee, " Ape Cragnolina,"
in our local dialect. In Italian we say,
"Ducato Carniolino," " Ape Carniola," or
Carniolina (Apis Carniola) ; in German we
call it "Herzogthum Krain," " Krainer
Biene:" in the Slavonian language (a slave
dialect), "KrajnskaVoivodina," "Krajnska
pcela" (pronounce Pchala, the first o like
in ale). It -will be seen that Mr. Pratt's
German, who lived for sometime in Aus-
tria, had hardly any occasion to call the
bees by the Anglo-Latin name, first given
them, if I am not mistaken, by Frank Ben
ton, who never heard that name before, I
am sure. A. Schceder, Jr.

Trieste, Austria.

44

•rmm mTmmmi^mm mmm jQmmmmi^.

Season's Experience and Results

I commenced the season with 53 colonies
in good condition, but the cold, wet weather
kept the bees from work until the white
clover commenced to blossom. The colo-
nies kept very strong in bees, but light in
honey. After the honey-flow commenced,
they 'filled up very quickly, and commenced
swarming. I tried all the plans that I had
heard or read of, to keep down the increase,
but in spite of my plans and work, they in-
creased to 93 strong colonies and 17 nuclei
with queens. The nuclei I have put into
the cellar, and the 93 colonies are on the
summer stands. I will leave them there
until the weather is colder. I wintered my
bees in the cellar last winter, without the
loss of a colony. This year I secured 4,160
pounds of comb honey, and 2,700 pounds
of extracted. I have about 1,200 pounds
of comb, and -100 pounds of extracted
honey, on hand. What I have sold, netted
me 13 cents per pound for comb, and 8
cents for extracted. William Hill.

Prophetstown, Ills.

or loss of colonies? I tried clipping the
queen's wing. This works all right tor that
colony, but if one allows an increase of one
swarm per colony, then what is to be done
with the young queen whose wing dare not
be clipped before she lays; and that one will
not get much chance to be clipped after she
lays, as she will pick up her followers and
hie herself over the hills, in about eight
days after the first colony swarmed?

I propose to take my bees out into a lin-
den grove, for a " camping out " vacation,
just at the time that the trees are in bloom ;
but what am I to do with run-away bees,
among those monsters of the forest? Will
some one kindly offer some helpful sugges-
tions, before the "swarming time" comes
on '; Kit Clover.

Dubuque, Iowa.

Honey in Oood Memand.

Bees did well in this section the past sea-
son. Mine averaged 107 pounds per col-
ony, spring count, almost all being ex-
tracted honey. Fruit was scarce, and
honey has been in good demand all along.
Golden-rod was very abundant here, but
the weather was very dry, and the bees got
no honey from it, though in some years they
do gather from it. John Dewar.

Tiverton, Out., Dec. 30, 1889.

Bees Flying on Ciiristmas.

This has been a very poor season for bees
in this vicinity. I commenced with 130
colonies, spring count, increased them to
175, and my honey crop consists of 1,100
pounds of extracted, and 3,000 pounds of
comb honey in one-ijound sections. It was
altogether too wet a season, and it still con-
tinues to rain. Christmas day was ob-
served by the bees— they had a great frolic
in the open air, the weather being fine and
warm, not a particle of snow in sight—a
thing not very often experienced in this
part of New York State. C. D. Battet.
Peterboro, N. Y., Jan. 1, 1890.

Bees in Splen«Ii«1 Condition.

We wintered 58 colonies without loss
last winter, and the average amount of
honey taken was 100 pounds per colony,
all extracted except 1,000 pounds in one-
pound sections, and 500 pounds in frames
for feeding in the spring. We put 87 colo-
nies into the cellar on Nov. 34, in splendid
condition. The temperature varies but
little from 50 degrees. We sold 15 barrels
of honey to a cracker factory, at 5 cents
per pound for dark and 6 cents for light
honey. We get 8 cents at retail. We have
600 pounds of comb honey in one-pound
sections, and can get only 10 cents a pound
for it. We are holding it for a higher price.
Our market is full of 7 and 8 cent honey,
and grocers are selling at 10 cents a pound.
S. J. Church & Son.
Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

Centritiigal Comto-Fillev Feeder.

I will describe a centrifugal comb-filler of
my own invention. With it I can put
honey into the combs as fast as any one can
take it out with an extractor. I can leave
the brood-chamber empty any amount that
is necessary, or every cell. This feeder
has several advantages over other ways of
feeding. I can feed quickly with it; it
does not stimulate breeding so much as
other ways of feeding, and I am not bur-
dened with a multitude of feeders to store
away. By putting combs in at night, the
bees get them cleaned up by morning, so
that it will not excite robbing. It also re-
lieves the bees from a great amount of
labor. Well ripened honey, or syrup, can
be used. All that the bees have to do, is to
cap it over. It is al)OUt the size of the
frame that holds the combs for extracting,
therefore it can be put into the extractor,
so as to give it the rotary motion, which
produces the required centi-ifugal force.
The machine is so simple in construction
that any one can operate it. I have used it
for six years, and know its merits, I did
not get it patented, not being in the supply
business, and I have no pecuniary interest
in it, save for my own use.

G. W. Leonard.

A Soft and lEainy IVinter.

The season here has been very good. I
commenced in the spring with 1 1 colonies,
two of which were very weak. I increased
them to 30 colonies, and sold 3 swarms
just as they issued. I took off 750 pounds
of comb honey, and 100 pounds of ex-
tracted. I have sold almost all of it at 10,
12'.; and 15 cents per pound. We have
had'a very soft winter so far. I put my
bees into the cellar on Nov. 32, and I have
had some trouble to keep them quiet. The
temperature has ranged from 30 to 60 de-
grees out-doors, and from 45 to 55 degrees
in the cellar. I had chaff cushions on the
hives, the same as used out-doors hereto-
fore, but I took them off, and now they
have just one thickness of burlap on them ;
they are more quiet, but I shall put on the
cushions again on Feb. 1. We have had
plenty of rain the past fall, and this winter,
and it is still raining this morning.

A. Sherington.
Dutton, Mich., Jan. 1, 1890.

Some Swarniinfj Wifliculties.

I bought one colony of bees in June,18S8,
and as there was no honey-flow, and the
bees did not swarm, on the first week of
August I divided the colony and introduced
a new queen; on Nov. 38, I put the hives in
the cellar, with a vague guess that the bees
had honey enough to carry them through.
My guess" might have been a long way from
right, but it happened not to be; with the
loss of about a dozen bees to a hive, I put
them out early in March. On May 25,
1889, they clustered on shrubs, on fences,
on tops of trees, and— well, I do not remem-
ber now where they did not cluster. I
could manage them on the low places, but,
after an exceedingly lively summer, I must
admit that I cannot climb a tall oak and
bring down the bees.

I now have 5 colonies, having sold one,
and lost two— by the sheerest carelessness.
I sigh as I think of those wild climbs after
clusters, as I put the problem ; " If 2 colo-
nies can put their keeper through such
paces, what will be the result of owning 5
colonies?" How can this swarming busi-
ness be managed, without climbing trees.

Fair Season tor Bees.

The past season was fair, but the spring
was backward. We had late frosts that
put the bees back in breeding. I com-
menced the season with 25 colonies, in-
creased them to 40, and doubled back to 33
in the fall. I obtained between 800 and
900 pounds of honey, which was very thick
and rich, about half of it being extracted.
A couple of colonies that I gave plenty of
room to work on combs, did not swarm,
but stored nearly 100 pounds of extracted
honey, each, besides leaving plenty for
winter. I think that by giving them plenty
of room, and but little drone-comb, they
will not be inclined to swarm much. I had
more trouble this year in getting supplies,
than I ever had before. This winter has
been too warm for the bees in the cellar. I
put mine in on Nov. 5. They are quiet
now. I opened a window and let in the
cold air, but before I opened it the tempera-
ture in the cellar was about 50 degrees all
the time, and the bees kept coming out of
the hives. Wm. Cleakt.

Algona, Iowa, Dec. 31, 1889.

Oood Report for tl»e Season.

I have 17 colonies, having commenced
with 6 colonies in the spring of 1889. Of
one colony I kept a special record ; it came
out on June 6, and I put it into an empty
hive, with 15 frames, 12x13 inches, also a
second story just as large as the hive, i
took out 71 pounds of as nice comb honey
as I ever wish to eat, in the latter part ot
A\igust; in October I took 13 pounds more,
making in all 83 pounds, besides the hive is
full I have considerable faith m a plenty
of stores, for what is left I can extract next
spring, arter apple bloom. How is that for
a swarm that never saw foundation—al-
though I think they might have done better
if they could have had it? My bees are in
the cellar-the only trouble I now experi-
ence is I have to watch them, for they get too
warm sometimes, as the weather has been
so mild tor the last two weeks.

Bees did splendidly here this year. It
just seemed as if white clover would never
'cease blooming-in tact one could find blos-
soms from May until September; and then,
the oceans of golden-rod, marsh asters,
horse-mint, catnip and many other plants !
I have noticed one flower that the bees do
not work on; it is the dog-fennel. We had
quite a patch near our house, and I never
saw any bees working on it, although!
looked several times.

Mks. Emily M. Casbon.
Valparaiso, Ind., Dec. 14, 1889.

Sweet Clover-Mild ^Veatlier.

I send a sprig of a plant that I gathered a
few days ago; bees were working on it. it
is a shrub that grows from 10 to 1~ teet
high, and is called "bee-weed" here. It
blooms almost continuously in the summer,
if rains are frequent, and yields largely of
very fine, white honey. We are having re-
markably mild weather here, /yen for
Texas. I was over in the valley of the Col-
orado river a few days ago, and saw bees
working on a kind of sage. All colonies
are in splendid condition, and we hope tor
a favorable season during the year Ibyu.
Seventy-five pounds per colony was the
average the past year. Our bees are nearly
all blacks, and I find them fully equal to
the yellow races here. H. S. Gbavenor.
Cypress Mills, Tex., Dec. 31, 1889.
[The plant is sweet clover, and is an ex-
cellent honey-producer.— Ed.]

m»m»^*»**kAMi^^

45

BCBINI8B MANAOBR.

IVe Club the American Bee Jofwmal
for a year, with any of tlie following papers
or books, at tlie prices quoted in the I>ASX
column. The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:

1^" Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should notify us at once.

1^" Money in Potatoes, by Mr. Joseph
Greiner. Price, S5 cents, postpaid. For sale
at this office.

1^^ Send us one J«EW subscriber, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

1^" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

J^" We have some full sets of the Bee
Journal for 1889, and new subscribers can
have the full sets for 1889 and 1890 for
$1.80 until all are gone.

|lt^~ Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cm-e for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 35 cents per ounce, by express.

1^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
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1^'" Please send us the names of your
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them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
■Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

I^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write American Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

IJ^" Systematic work in the Apiary wUl
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

" 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 25

•• 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

1^" When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
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taking his subscription to send with your
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It^" We offer the Monthly Philadelphia
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Price oj both.
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and Gleanings In Bee-Culture 2 00. . .

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Club

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A New Method of Treating Disease.

HOSPITAL REMEDIES.

What are they? There is anew departure
in the treatment of disease. It consists in
the collection of the specifics used by noted
specialists of Europe and America, and
bringing them within the reach of all. For
instance, the treatment pursued by special
physicians who treat indigestion, stomach
and liver troubles only, was obtained and
prepared. The treatment of other physi-
cians, celebrated for curing catarrh, was
procured, and so on till these incomparable
cures now include disease of the lungs,
kidneys, female weakness, rheumatism and
nervous debility.

This new method of "one remedy for one
disease " must appeal to the common-sense
of all sufferers, many of whom have experi-
enced the ill effects, and thoroughly realize
the absurdity of the claims of Patent
Medicines which are guaranteed to cure
every ill out of a single bottle, and the use
of which, as statistics prove, has ruined
more stomxichs than alcohol. A circular
describing these new remedies is sent free
on receipt of stamp to pay postage, by
Hospital Remedy Company, Toronto, Can-
ada, sole proprietors.

51D36t Imly.

Our Pi-einiuiii-l..ist Supplement

describes many articles of great merit, and
that are useful in every family. We have
carefully selected them to offer as premiums
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to be for our mutual advantage.

lished at $5.00 per volume, which is very
low in comparison with standard current
prices on other works.

It treats of every characteristic, both the
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people more about their fellow-men than
they ever dreamed it possible to find out.

We will club it with this Journal for
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Or we will present it as a Premium for 5
new subscribers to either Journal, with
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This is an opportunity of a lifetime — a
rare chance to get a very valuable book
free. The postage alone costs 30 cents.

Postal Wotes are no safer to use in
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We always extend the term of re-
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46

^mm msi&mmi^Mm mmm jo^^MifMi^.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

DETHOIT, Dec. 20.— Comb honey is dull and
lower, now quoted at 12@14c. E.xtracted, 7(0
8c., with few sales. Beeswax is now in good de-
mand, at '24@25o.

M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.

BOSTON, Jan. 9.— Best 1 lbs., 16c; best 2
lbs., 15e. Extracted, 7@9c. Beeswax, 23c.
Trade is dull.

BLAKE & BIPLEY, 57 Chatham St.

CHICAGO, Dec. 27.— White clover 1-lbs.. 12
@13V^c.: basswood, ll^/.llVaC.: buckwheat, 8
@10c. Extracted, 8Vi(<!7!2C. Beeswax, dark,
23@24c. ; bright, 25@26c.

S. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St.

CHICAGO, Jan. 8.— Sales are light, at 12®
13c. for white 1-lbs. ; dark, 8@10c. Extracted
dull at 6@7c. for dark, 7@8c. for fancy white.
Beeswax, prime, 25c.

R. A. BURNETT, 161 S. Water St.

DENVER, Dec. 28.— Comb, 1-lb. sections, 1st
grade. ISSloc; 2nd, 12®14c. Extracted, 6®
7c. Beeswax, 20®25c.

J. M. ULARK COJI. CO., 1421 Fifteenth St.

KANSAS CITY, Dec. 24.— Demand is light
and prices lower, owing to bee-keepers offer-
ing honey at 11@12^2C„ delivered throughout
the West. Very fancy 1-lbs., 12 in a crate, 13
cts. : good, 12!4c. ; dark, 10c. Two-lbs., white,
12c.; dark, 10c. Extracted, white, 7c. ; dark,
5®6c.

' HAjMBLIN & BEARSS, 314 Walnut St.

CINCINNATI, Jan. 8.— The very mild winter
apparently has a depressing effect on the
honey market, more especitiUy on comb hone.v.
Best white is offered iit 14®16c., but conces-
sions have to be made to effect sales. There is
a fair demand for extracted at 5®8c.

Beeswax is in good demand at 20@22c. for
good to choice yelfow, C. F. MUTH & SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

MILWAUKEE, Dec, 27.— Market dull; only
best grades demanded. White 1-lbs., 13@14c. ;
2-lb6., ll®12e.; dark 1-lbs., 12@13c.; 2-lbs, 10
®12c. Extracted, white, in barrels, 7@7'/4e.:
in '/4-barrels and kegs or tin. 7H@8c. ; dark, in
barrels, 6®6;'2C.; in kegs, 6 !4® 7c. Beeswax,
2a®i25c.

A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.

NEW YORK, Dee. 30. — Demand for comb
honey has almost ceased, and choice lots can
be picked up at almost any price. Extracted
is doing fairly well. Basswood and California,
714e.; orange-bloom, 8®t8'/ic.; buckwheat, 6c.;
Southern. 70®75c. per gallon.

HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,

28-30 Broadway, near Duane St.

KANSAS CITY, Dee. 27.— Market continues
very dull. Demand very light. Weather is en-
tirely too warm. We quote white 1-lb. comb,
13c.; fall, 1-lbs., 10®llc.: white, 2-lbs., 11®
12c.; fall, 2-lbs., 10c. Extracted, white, 7®
7!4c.; amber, 5®6c. Beeswax, 22c.
CLEMONS. CLOON & CO.,

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

Some have requested us to print a
card on a less number than 100 Honey
Almanacs, and we have concluded to ac-
commodate them. We will furnish 25
copies with card printed on the first page,
postpaid, for 81.10; 50 copies for $1.70;
75 copies for *3.30. See prices for more
on the page 20.

If any one wants a club of two or
more weekly or monthly periodicals, be-
sides one or both of our Journals — send us
a Postal Card, and we will then quote the
lowest possible price, by return mail. The
number is too gi'eat to enumerate.

Clubs for anything in our Premium
List may be for either of our Joitkxal.s, or
for any number of either or both of them.

Our Clubing' list.— We have now made
arrangements with publishers of metropolitan
Weekly Newspapers, by which we can club
them at the very low prices quoted in the
IiAST column, without premiums. The regu-
lar price of both is given in the first column.
One year's subscription for this Journal
must be sent with each order for another
paper ;

Price of both. Club.

Chicago Inter-Ocean $2.00

Chicago Times 2.00

Chicago Globe 2.00

Chicago News 2.00

Chicago Herald 2.00

Philadelphia Practical Farmer 2.00

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1.75
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1.73

^tluertisemetxts.

For May delivery, 500 Colonies Italian Bees in

Simplicity or Langstroth Hives. State number

and price, on Cars. GEO. E. HILTON,

3Alt Fremont, Newaygo Co., Mich.

Mention t)ic American Bee Journal.

GOING "WEST

I WILL sell 100 Colonies oritalian Beets
in Chaff Hives, rigged for Comb Honey —
best in the County. A Shop, Saws and Power,
Dwelling of 8 rooms, in town of 1,000 in North-
western Missouri. Will trade for property in
Colorado. J. C. STEWART,

HOPKINS, Nodaway County, MO.

Mentioji the American Bee Journal.

Eaton's Improved

BEES & yUEBNS. Send
for free catalogue. Address

Frank A. Eaton,
IDtf Bluffton, Ohio.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

PATENTS

THOS. P. SIMPSON. Washington
D. C. No atty'3 fee until Patent ob
tained. Write for Inventor's Guide

BEESWAX WANTED.

BeesTvax.— We will pay 34 cents per

pound, in Cash, for Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
ered here.

JtS" To avoid mistakes, the name of the
shipper should always be on each package.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

923 & 925 Weet Madison St., CHICAGO, ILliB

BRIGHT ITALIAN Rees and Queens,
Bee-Hives, Sections, Foundation, etc.
12Aly H. H. BTTETER, Baxter Springs, Kan.

SPCTnWV $3.00 per 1,000. Foundation,
LI; i IVillJ Alsike Clover Seed and Japanese
Buckwheat, cheap as the cheapest. Spec-
ial prices to dealers. Send for our free
PRICE LIST. M. H. HITNT,
IDtf BELL BRANCH, MICH.

Menticm the American Bee Journal.

DISCOUNT NOTICE.

DURING the months of October, Novem-
ber and December I offer a BISCOUNT
of 10 to 6 per cent, for GOODS purchased
for ne.\t season's use.
^r~ Prlce-IilHt Free.

Address. J, M. KINZIE,

20AIy ROCHESTER, Oakland Co., MICH.

Qonri 7R Pontc tor my Book, entitled— "A
OClIU (J UClllO Year among the Bees;"—
111 pages, cloth bound. Address.

DR. C. C. imi.l4ER,

20Atf MARENGO, ILLS.

Glover Seeds!

We can promptly furnish any quantity of
White, Alsike, or Sweet Clover Seed at the fol-
lowing prices, which include sacks and cart-
age:

WHITE CLOVER.

Per bushel (60 lbs.) Slo 00

Per peck (15 lbs.) 2 75

Per pound 30

ALSIKE CLOVER.

Per bushel (60 lbs.) $8 00

Per peck (15 lbs.) 2 25

Per pound 25

SWEET CLOVER.

Per bushel (60 lbs.) .$6 00

Per peck (15 lbs.) 1 75

Per pound 20

When ordered by mail add 10 cts. per pound
for postage.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
923-925 West Madison St., - CHICAGO, ILLS.

ARNIOLANS

Bees and Queens bred from Pure Im-
ported Stock with ffreat care. Send ior cir-
cular giving full descriptions, queens in
June.il. Address. E. L. PRATT,

PRATT BEE FARM. Marlboro, Mass.

Italian Queens from a Yard several miles
distant, same price. Also Dealer in Supplies.
3Atf

c

Devoted to Fanciers and
Farmers' poultry. It helps
you make your poultry pay
big profits. 50 cents a yr.
Every farmemeeds it.
L.O. Fults,JeffersonviUe,0

Sample copy FREE.

3D4,t

Mention the American Bee Journal.

SCIENTIFIC

QUEEN-REARING

AS PRACTICALLY APPLIED;

Being a Method by which tbe very best of

Ctueen-Rees are reared in perfect accord

with Nature' Ways ; by

G-. M. DOOLITTLE,

Borodino, N. Y.

In this book the author details the results-
of his Experiments in Rearing Queen-Bees for
the past four or Ave years, and is the first
to present his discoveries to the World.

Bound in Cloth— 176 pages— Price, Sl.OO,
postpaid ; or, it will be Clubbed with the
American Bee Journal one year, for $1.75—
with the Illustrated Home Journal, for $1.75 ;
or the two Journals and the Book for $2.50.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

923 & 925 W. Madison-St CHICAGO, ILLS.

The co-partnership of Andrews & Lockhart
is now DISSOLVED, and the senior partner
will give his entire time next season to the
breeding of Cariilolaii Queens and Bees,
and will sell, after June 1, 1890, Untested
(Jucens at $1.00 each; Tested, $2.00 each; those
carried through the winter, at the 15th of May
(and are Tested) $2.50 each.
^^ Circulars will be out about Peb. 1, 1890.
JOHN ANDREWS,
51Dtf PATTEN'S MILLS, Wash. Co., N. Y

iTMi^ MvmmM.ic:n:n mmm j&um.NR.i^.

51

^-'"^'-mkh^A^m^A^

EDITOR.

Vol. mi, Jan, 2U890. E4.

still Sick.

The editor is still coniined to the house,
and most of the time to his bed. The
"grippe" has disappeared, but as is
usual in the majority ot the cases with
this malady, it has left him a legacy — in the
present instance it is a congested liver and
stomach. At the present writing, he is
gaining steadily, and if no further compli-
cations arise, he will be at his post of duty
before another number of the Bee Journai,
goes to press, and his handiwork will be
seen, as of old, upon this page.

The Business Department has received no
interruption during the prevalence of this
Russian epidemic, as the Business Manager
lost the combination, and failed to receive
his share. All matters of business have
received, and Avill continue to receive, the
same prompt attention that has character-
ized its affairs in the past.

Alfred H. Newman,

Businees Manager.

The Best l.iiterary Journal.

This is what Mr. Geo. E. Hilton says of
our Illustrated Home Jourxal, when
sending his subscription for another year :

You are publishing the best literary jour-
nal that comes to my desk, and I am just
deluged with reading-matter; but if it all
had to stop but one, the Home Journal
would be the one that would be continued.
Would to God that we had more of such
healthful reading-matter, and less of the
" dime novel " sort. If you get what you
deserve, it wiU be "success."

Geo. E. Hilton.

Thanks, Friend Hilton. That is a pretty
strong endorsement, but we mean to merit
just such commendations, by supplying
reading-matter that is pure and inviting-
such as may be safely put into the hands
of every member of the family. The Illus-
trated Home Journal is clubbed with the
American Bee Journal for only $1.50.

Spreading^ tiic Framc§ in Win.
tering Bees.

Written for the AmeT^can Bee Journal

Query 681. — 1. In wintering bees out-cioors,
would it be any advantage to the bees, to re-
move oue frame, and spread tlie remaining
nine further apart, to allow more bees be-
tween each two combs ? 2.1 have several col-
onies of bees in 10-frame Langstroth hives,
with only nine combs in each Theninecombs
so widened out tluit there is not room for the
tenth frame. Wili it make any dilference with
the bees, or the honey crop ? If so, what V— Mo.

Where combs are spread 1^^ inches from
center to center, I believe that spreading
the comb is worse than useless. ^-J. M. Ham-
baugh.

I have tried j'our plan, but I can see no
difference, and now I leave all the frames
in the hive. — H. D, Cutting.

They will certainly winter better with
only 9 frames. All our colonies are in
hives with frames 1)4 inches apart. — Da-
DANT & Son.

1. No. It would be a disadvantage. 2.
There is less room for brood, and in the
brood-nest combs are liable to be built be-
tween the frames. — M. Mahin.

If the frames are well filled with honey,
it might be an advantage to slightly spread
them. No spreading should be done during
the working season. — J. P. H. Brown.

While it is not necessary to spread the
combs as you suggest, it does no harm, and
may be a slight advantage. I usually
spread the frames a little. — A. J. Cook.

1, Some think so; I do not practice it. 3.
There will be no difference with the bees,
but 8 frames will give you better results in
honey, if the hive is contracted to a suitable
width for them. — G. M. Doolittle.

1. Yes. 3. Yes. It will not be as good
in summer as a 9-frame hive. When the
frames are so far apart, the bees frequently
build pieces of comb between them, and
there is not so much breeding-room, and
room for the bees to loaf and go into the
super. — A. B. Mason.

1. I think not. Nature indicates that the
combs should be from 1?^ to IJo inches
apart from center to center ; and to spread
them to an unnatural distance apart, must
necessarily be an experiment. 2. I know
by experience that bees will winter all
right on 9 frames, divided in a 10-frame
hive. But this is a rather light " spread."
— G. W. Demaree.

1. Some say so. 2. Yes. Within proper
limits, the closer the combs are together,
the more brood the cluster will cover in the
spring, and consequently the more bees in
June ; and also the less room there will be
for bees to lounge in the brood-chamber,
and the more will be crowded into the sec-
tions, and consequently the more surplus
there will be.— R. L. Taylor.

1. Mr. Langstroth thinks that it is. I
have never thought the advantage enough
to pay for the trouble of changing twice a
year. 2. If combs are spread too much in
the spring, bees cannot cover so much
brood. I think that combs can be kept a
little straighter if tolerably well crowded.
— C. C. Miller.

1. I think that it would, but it is a good
deal of work, it oue has many hives. 3. I
have used 10-frame Langstroth hives for
many years, with only 9 frames, and I
never could see any difference in the yield
of honey, between them and the 10-frame
hives. — C. H. Dibbern.

1. 1 hardly think that it will pay in Mis-
souri. In colder climates it might be an
advantage. 3. i-will make no difference
with the bees, but I think that it will with
the honey crojt. There is tof) much room
in the brood-chamber for storing honey
that ought to go above. In the spring,
shave off the comb until the other frame
will go in. Crowd them so closely together
that the frames will not be more than lji(
inches from center to center. — Eugene
Secor.

1. More space between frames in winter
than in summer, is desirable ; but if 50 col-
onies or more are to be opened, and the
combs spread, it will not pay to do it.
Narrow spaces, say 1% inches, in summer,
tend to straight, even brood-combs, lessen
the storage room in the brood-chamber,and
put more honey in the supers. — J.M. Shuck.

To take the frame from the center of the
hive, and leave the space all in one place,
not disturbing the other frames, would, I
think, be good practice; but, better still, to
place a "Hill's device " above the frames.
In working for comb honey, I have always
considered 8 frames in the brood-chamber
a plenty — sometimes, too many. — Mrs. L.
Harrison.

1. I use the 10-frame Langstroth hive for
wintering, and remove one frame and
spread the others. I deem this to be about
right. 2. I prefer a Langstroth hive H}4
inches wide, carrying 10 frames. In sum-
mer, I use a J.^-inch dummy also, spacing
close. In winter I remove one frame and
the dummy, spacing 9 frames evenly. This
works better with me than any other plan
that I have tried. Space will not allow
theoretical reasons, so I state the facts only.
-^. E. Pond.

1. Some have so claimed, but it is my
humble opinion that there is no foundation
for the claim. 3. It will make a difference
with the honey crop, as it is impossible to
rear as many workers where the combs are
placed too far apart, as where they are
spaced the proper distance apart, or about
1% inches from center to center of the
combs. — G. L. Tinker.

1. Perhaps it might,butl do not do it.and
very few bee-keepers do do it, and yet the
theory is 15 years old, and has been tried
many, many times. Space between the
combs does not cause or prevent bee-diar-
rhea. 3. Your bees are in just as good
condition to winter, as if they had 10
frames ; but the combs are too far apart for
the best results in summer. Next spring,
shave off the projecting cells (which would
be honey-cells) . shove up the frames and put
in another frame, if you want the very best
results. — James Heddon.

The sreading of the brood-frames for win-
ter is an old theory, but one that wiU
hardly pay for the trouble. The advantage
(if there is any) is vei-y slight, while the
disadvantages are many. — The Editor.

How to JBIeach Common Yeilotv
Beeswax,

Written tor the Amerifyi.n Bee Journal

Query 682.— What is the best and quickest
way to bleach common yellow beeswax ?— Tex.

I do not know. — M. Mahin.

I do not kiiow. — J. E. Pond.

I do not know. — J. M. Hambaugh.

Ask the wax-bleachers. — R. L. Taylor.

I respectfully submit this to Messrs. Da-
dant & Son.— Eugene Secor.

What do you want to bleach it for; If
you want only a little, melt up some white
comb. — C. C. Miller.

52

TMm mwmmmi&mm ®b® j©13'mi«mi^.

The color can be improved by running it
through the sun wax-extractor a few times.

— C. H. DiBBEKN.

Put it in the sun in thin strips, when the
sun is not hot enough to melt it. Some
yellow was never bleaches. — Dadant &
Son.

Why do you ask? The yellow is conceded
by all good judges to be the best. I leave
the answer to Messrs. Dadant & Son. — A.
J. Cook.

Sheet it as thin as possible, and bleach it
in the sun. Bleaching hardens it, and
makes it unfit for use in the apiary.— J. M.
Shuck.

Use very thin sheets, and expose them to
a strong light. You must use care, or the
■wax will melt. — H. D. Cutting.

A good plan is to sheet it, and then ex-
pose the sheets to a strong light. Melting
them, frequently hastens the process. — J. P.
H. Brown.

Why bleach it* I prefer to have it yel-
low. You can bleach it by a strong light,
or in the sun, the wax being in thin sheets.

— G. M. DOOLITTLE.

Make it into thin sheets, and bleach it
with sun and dew, just as muslin is bleach-
ed. A lady at Rahway, N. J., accumulated
quite a little fortune at bleaching wax, a
few years since. — Mrs. L. Harrison.

I believe that there is some chemical pro-
cess for bleaching, but I do not know what
it is. If made into very thin sheets, and
kept moist and in the hot sun for a few
weeks, it will become quite white. — A. B.
Mason.

To place it in the sunlight, I suppose. I
know that you do not want bleached
wax in connection with bee-keeping. Per-
haps you want it for some outside purpose.
— James Heddon.

I have given very little attention to the
art of bleaching beeswax. My mother,
many years ago, bleached beeswax by
making it in thin cakes, and exposing them
to the sun and dews. That was so long ago
that it makes my head swim to '' ketch on."
— G. W. Demaree.

The method of bleaching wax is thus de-
scribed by Pereiza: "This is effected by
melting yellow wax (either in a copper
vessel, or in a large vat or tub, by means of
steam), running it off, while in a melted
state, into a trough, called a cradle, per-
forated at the bottom with holes, and
placed over a large water-tank, and one
end of which is a revolving cylinder, al-
most wholly immersed in water. By this
means, the wax is solidified, converted into
a kind of ribbon, and conveyed on the sur-
face of the water to the other end of the
tank. These ribbons of wax are here lifted
out, and conveyed in baskets to bleaching-
grounds, where they are exposed to the
air, sunshine and moisture, for one or two
weeks (according to the state of the
weather) ; being turned every day, and
watered from time to time. The wax is
thenre-melted, re-ribboned, and re-bleached ;
it is subsequently refined by melting in
water acidulated with sulphur acid. — G. L.
Tinker.

Onr Preininni-I>i»>t Supplement

describes many articles of great merit, and
that are useful in every family. We have
oarefully selected them to offer as premiums
for getting up clubs for our Journals. We
do this to induce our friends to devote a
few hours of labor for us. Our Journals
are flrst-class in their lines, and are needed
everywhere. We do not want any one's
labor witboutremuneration,and the articles
offered will pay for the labor of getting up
clubs, and thus the arrangement will prove
to be for our mutual advantage.

SECOND PRIZE.

Extracted Honey — Production,
Crystallization and U§e.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY G. P. HACHENBERG, M. D.

Honey properly extracted, is honey
iu its pure and perfect condition.
When we speak of " extracted honey,"
we do not mean the article, simply as
it comes out of the extractor, with its
natural impurities of particles of wax,
bee-bread, etc., but after it has passed
througli the necessary manipulations
to make it an inviting article for the
market.

The processs of extracting is simple,
and generally well understood. The
solid comb, before it is placed in the
extractor, is uncapped with a suitable
knife ; but comb with a feeble support,
or in a broken condition, is uncapped
and extracted in lids of wire net-work.
(See Amekican Bee Journal for Dec.
5, 1888.)

The method of straining the honey
after it is extracted, should be adapted
to the condition of the honey, and
other circumstances. A general error
is to force it through a cheese-cloth,
with meshes so coarse that the honey
carries with it foreign particles, being
left more or less in a cloudy condition,
and is neither attractive to the eye,
nor delicate to the taste. The desid-
eratum to be obtained, is pure honey,
and nothing else. This can only be
effected by straining it through close,
firm muslin, not by pressure, but by a
slow process of percolation, the honey
passing through the cloth in transpar-
ent cr.ystal globules. (See American
Bee Journal for Aug. 8, 1888.) For
this condition of honey, I have not
found to fail a good local demand and
uniform price.

WHEN TO EXTRACT HONEY.

It is generally conceded to be indi-
cated to extract when a comb of honey
is capped. Then it is supposed that it
is " cured," and fit for extracting. But
as capping is not uniform, and extract-
ing has to be done with many combs
only partially capped, what have we
to do with this mixture of honey that
in the aggregate is only partially
cured ? This is an important ques-
tion. But in the first place, what is
"cured" honey ? It is honey inspis-
sated. Imperfectly cured honey, after
straining, needs special attention ;
otherwise it may pass into acetic fer-
mentation.

CURING THE HONEY.

There are three vvays by which
honey is cured, viz : 1. In the comb.
2. Soon after extracting. 3. In storage.

First, as regards the curing of honey
in the comb, we might ask this ques-
tion, " Will a long storage of honey in
the comb improve it ? " Certainly not,
as, by age, the capping becomes im-
pure and dirty, which in time will, to
a more or less extent, penetrate the
honey and give it a dark tint.

Second, the curing after extracting
is to leave the honey in open vessels,
not entirely excluding the air, but es-
pecially protecting it from the dust and
light.

Third, the process of curing in stor-
age takes place in barrels, after pre-
vious ripening ; and is something like
a limited vinous fermentation, or
rather the development of a melic
ether — a process of purification ; for
after such a storage for a month or
two, the honey will wonderfully im-
prove in its crystal appearance. By
this method, the honey must be kept
perfectly excluded from atmospheric
air.

CRYSTALLIZATION OP HONEY.

Honey in barrels will tax our utmost
ingenuity to keep it in a state of
fluidity, and not allow it to turn into
crystallization. Candied honey in the
market is an abomination. Although
to the eye of the bee-man it is indica-
tive of its purity, the customer asso-
ciates it with the dregs of a molasses
barrel, and is consequently little dis-
posed to buy it.

Crystallization of honey can be recti-
fied, as well as prevented, by the ap-
plication of heat. This will cause such
a molecular change in the honey as to
bring about the desired effect. But if
the action of heat is too great, it will
give the honey a dark tint, and tends,
in a measure, to impair the delicious-
ness of its taste.

1 have tried two ways to treat crys-
tallization— first, of the honey in glass
jars, and, second, as a prophylactic, ia
putting it up in barrels.

When the crystallization first forms
in the bottom of the jars, I place about
a hundred of them at a time in a me-
tallic trough, in enough cold water to
reach to two-thirds the height of the
jars, and then apply the heat gradually
until the crystallization is perfectly
dissolved. This heat is not to go be-
yond 160°, Fahr., but may be held at
"that point until perfect dissolution has
taken place.

To prevent the crystallization in
barrels, the honey at the time of strain-
ing, is to be warm in temperature, but
not hot. Even to strain the last half
of the barrel warm, may suflice to se-
cure a lasting fluidity of the whole.

TMW Mvmmmi^MM mmm jo>vimf%mi^.

58

^^^■^^*-*- ^imr-^-^-^'f?-*^*-^^-^*-*-* ■*

The barrel is to be kept permanently
air-tight.

HOW TO HEAT HONEY.

Sometimes 1 heat honey in the pro-
cess of straining, at least when the
weather is cold, and that part I expect
to keep over winter. In an article
published in the American Bee Jour-
nal of Aug. 8, 1888, I gave the form
of a strainer, which is a muslin bag
about four feet long, cone-shaped,
hemmed at the opening over an iron
or wooden ring, or hoop, to keep it
open, and to X'cceive hooks for sus-
pension.

When the honey in the bag is too
thick and cold, to strain freely, I slip
into it a tin cone, nearly half the size
of the bag, and fill it with boiling
water ; as the honey gets heated by
induction, the straining goes on ad-
mirably. When the water loses its
heat, it can be i-eadily removed by a
syphon, for which I simply use a com-
mon gum-elastic tube. Sometimes I
place the vessel that receives the
strained honey, over a kerosene stove,
and lower the strainer with the honey
into it, and heat carefully.

After the whole mass comes to a
proper temperature, the strainer is
drawn up by the aid of pullies, and the
bag will soon become empty. B3' this
method the temperature is regulated
by the sense of touch. Much careful-
ness, however, must be exercised, for
fear of over-heating the honey, and
getting melted wax into it, and other-
wise impairing its value. As I am
writing this (Dec. 2, 1889), I have
straining going on, by the aid of heat
in my honey-house.

One difHculty in straining through
fine cloth, is that it soon becomes
clogged with fine particles of wax, etc.
This will oblige us to keep several
clean strainers on hand, and as one
ceases to be serviceable, a fresh one
must be used, leaving the honey that
may remain in the partially-clogged
one to percolate slowly, which may
take several days before it is empty
and fit for washing. The water in
whicli the strainers are washed, may
be used for making honey-vinegar.

It is an interesting experiment to
extract honej' and do crystal straining
simultaneously, and with marked
rapidity. This is efl'ected by placing
the comb, after it is uncapped, into a
loose-fitting sack, made of thin, fine
muslin, which is the strainer. The
same centrifugal force that will throw
the honej^ out of the cells, will force
the honey through the strainer. These
sacks are very easily changed and
cleansed, and are not so quickly clog-
ged as the cone-strainer, for in revers-
ing them an opposite pressure has a
tendency to clean the sides of the

sacks, working the debris to the
bottom.

Another method, is to extract lioney
in the ordinary way, and afterwards
strain it hj placing it (and even cap-
ings) in tin boxes with straining-cloth
on botli sides, and strain by extraction.

TO BLEACH honey, AND TO CONVERT
IT INTO SUGAR.

The question of bleaching honey has
often come to my mind. As solar
bleaching has such a happy efi'ect on
wax, I was led to try it on honey. So,
for the double purpose of breaking
down crystallization in jars.and bleach-
in the same time, I filled a "solar
wax-extractor " with jars of honey.
The heat destroyed the crystallization,
but the excess of heat darkened the
honey, and virtually ruined it. This
experiment shows how careful we
must be in manipulating honey with
heat. It likewise points out the method
of evaporization for converting honey
into an acceptable sugar, which should
be done more by a tepid-fanning pro-
cess, than by heat alone.

WHEN TO SELL HONEY.

Having secured the honey in a pure
condition, either in bulk or glass jars,
it is ready for the market. I neatly
label the jars, only as the honey is or-
dered, to give them a new and fresh
appearance. The human taste, in its
craving for sweet and fat, is more ac-
tive in the fall and winter, than in the
warm weather. It is a physiological
necessity. Advantage should be taken
of this fact, to sell at the right season.

EXTR4.CTED VS. COMB HONEY.

Extracted honey will evidently re-
main a staple article in the market.
Honej' in comb, on account of the
wax, is not as digestible, nor is it as
free from impurities as nicely-extracted
honey. As it is difficult to secure it
always in a neat, uniform appearance,
and requires much care in handling,
it is not likely to be much longer
furnished by extensive apiaries. I
tried it for one year, as a novelty, and
found the extra care and labor it re-
quired, made it less profitable than ex-
tracted honey at a less price.

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF HONEY-
SPRAY.

It is well known in extracting honey,
that an atoniization of honej' takes
place, which not alone permeates the
room, but at limes arouses the whole
apiary while the operation is going on.
Persons with weak lungs, who work
the extractor and inhale the honied
air, are wonderfully benefited by it.
Whj' does honey work as a pulmonary
sedative, having no direct sedative
propei'ties in itself ? The medical pro-
fession is fast drifting into the belief.

tliat all puhnonary diseases are main-
tained through a micro-organism, in
particular in phthisis, pneumonia,
whooping-cough, etc.

Honey is an efiicient antiseptic ; but
diflers from all others in being void of
irritating properties. When kept in
contact with microbes, it is destructive
to them, and it is their destruction that
gives ease, and apparently serves as a
sedative: This accounts why it serves
as an efficient tropical remedy for
many external diseases.

To atomize honey for any kinds of a
cough, asthma, influenza, hay-fever,
etc., it should be used in a warm solu-
tion, and applied by a steam atomizer.
In certain cases, the honey-atomizer
should be in the chamber of the patient
in continuous action day and night.

From experience of personal benefit,
I am greatly interested in this part of
the subject — and I believe tlie bee-
fraternity may confer a benediction
upon mankind by reporting their ex-
perience and observation on this
matter.

Austin, Texas.

SPRAYING TREES.

Some Foolish Advice Given by
Editors.

Written for the American BeeJmimal
BY S. I. FREEBORN.

A law against killing our insect foes!
Two generations of cultivators have been
striving to discover methods or enact laws
to enable man to harvest his share of the
crops. And now comes that wise and good
man. Prof. A. J. Cook, of Michigan, advo-
cating a law to prevent fruit-gi'owers from
spraying blossoming fruit-trees with poison-
ous insecticides, because forsooth, the bees
are also insects, and "will go into the trees
in search of honey. Verily, it must be that
Prof. Cook was trained in an ultra " pro-
tectionist " school ! The bees are all right,
and honey is a good thing, but really, it
seems as if the fair old rule of "the greatest
good to the greatest number " were a just
guide in such matters.

Surely, fruit is of more importance than
honey I If those busy workers must have
Legislation, let us advocate a training
school for bees,in which they may be taught
to keep out of the orchards at the danger-
ous period. The fence question comes in
here, too. Will not the law compelling an
owner of domestic animals to fence them
in, apply to apiarists as well as to other
stock farmers i Is it more lawful for a bee
to trespass, than for a cow or a pig?

The above item from the American
Garden, by the editor, it seems to me,
should be noticed. When the editor of
such a publication as the Oarden, ad-
vocates the promiscuous killing of bees,
along with other insects, and that un-
der the plea of "the greatest good to
the greatest number," it is time that
he was noticed by somebody. I think
that when the learned gentleman in-
forms himself of the facts in the mat-

54

ntmm MMKMicMH mmm joi^mksi^.

ter of the relation of fruit-growing and
bee-keeping, he will find that the in-
terest of the two pursuits are closely
identified.

Prof. Cook says, and no doubt truth-
fully, that the proper time to spray
fruit-trees is just after the blossoms
drop. This will save the bees, and will
kill the codlin-moth, and destroy the
leaf enemies of the trees. Prof.'Cook
is a close observer and experimenter,
an accepted authority in all that re-
lates to the insect world, and will not
be troubled much bj' the disparaging
remarks of the Oarden. The greatest
harm is, that those not acquainted
with the facts will accept as truth such
paragraphs as the one above referred
to.

I am a horticulturist, myself, and ex-
pect to do some spraying of fruit-trees
with insecticides, but shall wait until
the bees are through with their mis-
sion on the trees.

The editor's pleasantries about teach-
ing the bees to keep out of the or-
chards, and restraining them like cat-
tle, is beneath the dignity of one that
assumes to be a teacher in the noble
profession of horticulture.

Ithaca, Wis.

[It is such pernicious articles as the
one from the American Oarden, that
do the most damage. Editors, as well
as bees, need to learn something, and
the editor of the Garden is one of them.
—Ed.]

FOUL BROOD.

How to Cure and Delect Foul
Brood in the Apiary.

Read at the 3Iichhjan Convention

BY HON. E. L. TA^-LOR.

I have been requested by the authori-
ties of this association, to prepare an
essay on the subject of foul brood, and,
in complying, I shall deal with the
matter wholly from a practical stand-
point. How its symptoms and progress
appear to an average bee-keeper, and
how it sliould be treated by the practi-
cal apiarist who is without scientific
training or habits, are the points to
which I desire specially to direct your
attention.

I have had a somewhat intimate ex-
perience with the disease for the last
three and a half years, among my own
bees, and have had it there for at
least a year longer. When first no-
ticed, I think that about 5 or 6 colonies
were affected. I say "noticed," for
though I saw its effects, I did not recog-
nize it as foul brood. Not till I had
managed my apiary during a honey-
How, in a manner best calculated to

disseminate the disease, by extracting,
changing combs and feeding back, did
I awake to the fact that the plague was
not only present, but had a thorough
foothold.

Almost from the start, I determined,
at the risk of loss, as well of time and
labor as of bees, to learn what I could
of its character and workings ; so
while I tried to eradicate it, I made
that purpose so far subject to the
other, that I did not act precipitately,
but tried different plans of cure, watch-
ing symptoms and the results.

I was alvvaj's careful in respect to
combs and honey affected, and in other
respects used the care that the average
person might be expected to exercise
when impressed with its importance,
without observing the extraordinary
precautions in every particular, which
are usually insisted upon.

The first colony that excited my at-
tention— which was in June, 1886 —
had here and there dead brood in the
imago stage, and little, if any, that
answered to the usual descriptions of
the disease. As the dead brood was in
the heart of the brood-nest, and could
not have been the result of chilling, I
was somewhat alarmed, but after
watching it awhile, the colony cast a
swarm, and having noticed no radical
change, and as the brood of the swarm
was entirely healthy, in the rush of the
season I dismissed my fears for the
time.

In August, I awoke to the true state
of affairs, on an examination of colo-
nies to which honey had been fed back
in order to complete a lot of partly-
filled sections. Now, there was no
mistaking the character of the malady.
The viscid nature of the dead matter,
sunken perforated cappings, the in-
crease of the disease, and, in colonies
where it had made considerable pro-
gress, a faint odor like that of a poor
quality of warm glue, were all there.
If half that had been told of its malig-
nity were true, there was reason
enough for alarm, and most of my col-
onies should have been affected, for the
conditions for its dissemination could
scarcely nave been more favorable.

From a heavy yield from bassvvood,
the brood-chambers had become over-
loaded with honej-, and two or three
combs from nearly everj' colony had
been extracted, and freshly-extracted
combs had been carried along and ex-
changed for the ones removed. More-
over, robbers were plentiful, and the
young man who did most of this work,
was persistent in facing, but not very
skillful in circumventing them.

How to meet and overcome the great
plague, was now tlie uppermost ques-
tion. About that time there had been
considerable discussion of the malady,
and of different methods of cure, in-

cluding the contributions of Messrs.
Jones, Muth and Cheshire, of which I
had the advantage. The " starvation
cure," as being the most convenient,
was first tried largely, and as the sea-
son was such that feeding became nec-
essary, Muth's " salicylic acid formula"
was used in medicating the honey fed.
About 40 colonies were operated on
that season, the bees being confined
according to Jones' directions, with
every precaution, till signs of starva-
tion ensued, when they were put into
clean hives — a part on foundation, and
a part on clean, empty combs. All
the contaminated hives, combs and
honey, were boiled, and the honey,
after medication, was fed to the bees
under treatment, their hives marked
and carefully watched for results.
These were anything but satisfactory.
In a considerable percentage of the
cases, the disease soon reappeared, and,
in others, after a time.

Thus the first campaign closed with
meagre results, so far as making prac-
tical headwaj' against the enemy was
concerned. In casting about for a new
plan of procedure, I remembered that
the swarm from a diseased colony be-
came freed of the disease, by simply
being left to itself after hiving on foun-
dation ; and while I did not propose,
and did not give experiments with
other methods, I kept my eye on this,
as possibly the " pole star" that might
guide to an easy escape.

The next season, in addition to the
methods before used, spraying, both
with salicylic acid and with a phenol
preparation, was tried, but I was not
long in deciding that it was entirely
impractical for Americans, who must
have expeditious and simple methods,
and quick and certain results.

As soon as the proper season arrived,
I tried the new method of simply put-
ting the bees into a clean hive furnish-
ed with foundation, and anxiously
watched the issue. It was successful.
Of the numerous colonies so treated,
whether the swarms were natural or
made by dividing, I do not remember
that one retained the disease. Here,
then, was a method than which none
could be simpler or more effectual.

To fix upon a systematic plan for
the practice of this method, best
adapted to serve the interests of the
apiarist in the matter of making the
most of the bees in securing the honey
crop, was the next step. Regarding
the time for the operation, it must be
during a honey-flow, not necessarily
great, but of sufKcient reliability to
insure against any necessity of feeding.
I found, in my experiments, that
feeding a few pounds of honey medi-
cated with salicylic acid in the spring
— the food being placed in an upper
story, in a capacious feeder — the dis-

•FM® mivtmmiGmu mmm joumnmi^.

55

ease though never cured was com-
pletely checked, and the usefulness of
the colony for the production of honey
preserved. One colony so fed, yielded,
notwithstanding the foul brood, twice
the average of the apiary.

Another benefit of this feeding is,
that it practically prevents, I think,
the dissemination of the disease from
each colony. Taking advantage of
this discovery, after much considera-
tion I decided upon the following plan
of operation, as the best under all
circumstances :

In the spring, about the middle of
May, feed each colony to be treated as
above indicated, then treat it as
healthy colonies are, until such time as
the brood to be reared from eggs just
laid will be of little use in the collec-
tion of the main honey crop — say 80
days before the probable close of the
flow from basswood ; then cage the
queen in the hive for three weeks, and
at the end of that time, move back the
hive, and place a clean hive furnished
with foundation on the old stand, and
run all the bees and the released queen
into it, remove the old combs and hive
to a safe place, and the work is done.
Of course, colonies may be treated in
the same manner during any other
sufficient honey-flow.

This will serve to disclose the general
principles, but to every ingenious api-
arist who has several colonies to be
treated, modifications of the plan will
be suggested, which may be advanta-
geously adopted under certain circum-
stances.

After the close of the honey season,
all curative operations must be sus-
pended, and any remaining diseased
colonies are to be marked for treat-
ment the ensuing season. It is to be
observed, however, that all colonies so
badly affected as to be materially
weakened in numbers, should not be
expected to winter successfully, and
should either be united or destroyed.

CHARACTER AND INDICATION OF FOUL
BROOD.

Now, at the risk of wearying, let me
say a few additional words as to the
character of the disease and the indi-
cations by which it may be best dis-
covered ; and let it be understood that
I state only conclusions from my own
experience and observation of the dis-
ease, as it has appeared in my own
apiarj'. Of course it is only an un-
mitigated ^evil, but if you should dis-
cover it among your bees, do not allow
yourself to become disconcerted. It
is not so black as painted. It takes
time for it to destroy a colony, and I
doubt if it would ever destroy a con-
^siderable apiary in the absence of
gross neglect in guarding against its
dissemination. I have had probably

100 colonies affected, almost all of
them becoming so through what was,
under the circumstances, gross neg-
lect, but I never saw any indications
that a health^' colony standing next to
a diseased one, was any more likely to
contract the disease than if it were
standing i-ods avv.ay.

What is to be specially guarded
against, is allowing healthy colonies to
have combs or lioney from those tliat
are diseased. If one allow a colony to
struggle with the disease till it be-
comes weak, or is dead, robbing will
probably follow, and the contamina-
tion be carried to healthy hives ; but if
one is acquainted with the early symp-
toms, all that is easily avoidable.

The difficulty heretofore has been
that the descriptions of it, which have
been made most prominent, are of it
as it appears in badly diseased colo-
nies. If one waits until he can smell
it in the apiary outside of the hives,
there will then be abundant cause for
alarm. Like some diseases which at
times afflict mankind, it seems to
arise, become malignant for a time,
then lose its vigor, and at last die out.
The character of the first indications
seems to depend upon the stage of the
disease in this respect, as well as upon
the extent of the inoculation.

During the less malignant stages,
and perhaps on slight inoculation at
any stage, the first brood diseased
reaches the imago state, and does not
decompose, and the first that softens
entirely does not have the homogene-
ous viscid character that brood af-
fected later acquires. Then appears
the somewhat sunken, slightly-dark-
ened cappings over the brownish viscid
mass within, which dries and flattens
down a thick scale on the lower side
of the cell. Then after the diseased
cells become plentiful, on holding the
comb close to the nose, a slight but dis-
agreeable odor, like that of warm glue
of a poor qualitj-, is perceived.

Generally, but not always, some of
the cappings of diseased cells are per-
forated. If a colony contract the dis-
ease from the plentiful feeding of honey
containing foul brood germs, most of
the diseased brood may not be capped
at all. In a diseased colony that has
passed the winter, the malady does not
generallj' reappear in the spring for a
month or more, after brood-rearing
begins, but is sure to appear at last,
and, as a rule, progresses more rapidly
than during the previous season.

Thus much for the indications within
the hive ; but the careful apiarist will
be attentive to the external indications
also. Without other signs, if foul
brood is abroad, a lack of activity and
general prosperity in a colony should
prompt to closer scrutiny, and" if this
cue is acted uiJon, and care exercised.

generally thr' disease need not beat-
tended by very disastrous results.

I liavo already stated tlial often the
brood first attacked reaches the imago
state, and Iteconies so mature as to pre-
serve its shape and consistency. I
think that there can be no mistake
about tliis, for in several instances I
have correctly prognosticated the dis-
ease when no other phase of it was
present. The other phases followed
in time. These are carried out in front
of the hive. Mature bees also die of
the plague, and are carried out, so
that often, at certain stages, there is
an undue accumulation of the dead in
front of the hives of diseased colonies.
Often, too, mature bees, weakened and
unable to fly, are yet able to desert
their hives in considerable numbers,
and may be seen hopping away upon
the ground.

If all of the foregoing indications
are looked for, and prompt action
taken where any of them appears, one
maj' feel reasonably safe without a
frequent general examination of the
brood-chambers of the apiary, ex-
pressly to search for signs of the dis-
ease.

In conclusion, whether the disease
will die out of itself, I do not cer-
tainly know, but I know that it seems
to lose its vigor. I have treated none
the past season, but have three aflected
colonies on hand, which I am keeping
for study. Two of them certainly, and
all, probably, have had the disease for
more than a year. In two of them the
disease has made no apparent progress
the past year ; in the other, the pros-
perity of the colony has been some-
what aflected.
Lapeer, Mich.

WINTERING-.

Ho^v to Prepare Bees to Winter
Successfully.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY J. A. PEARCE.

How shall we winter our bees ? This
question perhaps more than any other
just now, is beingaskedby bee-keepers
generally. It is the leading, unsolved
problem of the apiary. If honey is to
become a staple article of food, like
pork, patent flour, or beet-sugar, and
not the fitful thing it now is, we must
have better wintering of bees, and hold
our honey in, good, straight combs and
pails, and not try to throw it all on the
market at once.

How can better wintering of bees be
attained ? It occurs to me something
like this : If bee-keepers would cease
for a time sending in their almost use-
less, big, honey reports, and in lieu of

56

f H® mmLmmic^mm mmM jioJsjmMmi^.

them, send a simple, plain statement
of just how and where they winter
their bees, it would go very far towards
settling this question. By loading that
great "gun" — the American Bee
Journal — and firing a few rounds at
this Monster, he would be either dead,
or so badly crippled, that he would
limp off to die in the near future.
With this end in view, I will report
how I have wintered my bees for the
last four years, without loss.

I have an ordinary house-cellar,
18x24 feet, without any ventilating-
pipes running to it. My bees are in
the 8-frame Langstroth hives — 94 colo-
nies in the cellar at this writing, all
bright, clean and quiet. They were
put in on Nov. 12.

A few days before putting them in,
I remove the enameled cloths, and sub-
stituted a quilt made of two-thirds of a
pound of batting, held in burlap. I
then prepare the cellar by putting
three empty hives along one side ; on
these I lay two 2x4-inch scantling.
Now I am ready to put in the bees. I
take a lot of pieces of lath, one for
each hive, 14 inches long, to close the
hive-entrances. I drive a carpet-tack
through each end — they just reach
through so that the points enter the
wood, and prevent the force of bees
from pushing them off.

Then I liave carrying-racks made of
6-inch boards, 6 feet long, with pieces
nailed across to put the hives on. I
place two hives on, and two men carry
them to the cellar top, and from there
they put them down in with their
arms.

When the first row of scantlings are
full, I lay two more on top of these, as
near the ends as possible, and place
another row of hives on these, and so
on, having nothing on the hives but
the quilts.

Now I put down three more hives
far enough from the other row to ad-
mit of walking between, and tier up
the hives as before, and so on until the
cellar is full, or the bees are all in.
Putting the hives right over each other,
gives a circulation of air up between
them.

When the bees are all in, I darken
the cellar, and when the bees quiet
down a little, I remove the laths from
the entrances as quietly as possible. I
want to say right here, that the bees
should not be disturbed any more than
possible. You will observe that the
sound of a hammer has not been heard,
as was said of the " building of Solo-
mon's Temple." I do not allow the
hives or supports to touch the sides or
top of the cellar, so as to receive any
jar from above.

I now bring the temperature as
nearly 42° as I can, as I find that the
bees come nearer hibernating at this

point, than at any other. They be-
come so quiet that if a stranger would
go into tiie cellar without a light, he
would stumble upon them, for want of
any warning sound.

Wlien Rev. W. F. Clarke advanced
his " hibernation tlieory," he sounded
tlie key-note to successful wintering ;
for, rest assured, that if the bees are
making a noise, there is something
wrong, and you had better find out
what it is, and correct it, or there will
be a lot of empty hives in the spring.

I do not think that my bees con-
sumed 4 pounds of honey per colony
last winter. They were so full of bees
in the spring (April 8), that a good
many colonies hung out the first day
they were put out of the cellar.

The first year I kept bees, I left the
enameled cloth on, and all the bees on
the summer stands died. There was a
half inch of ice in the hives, all around.
The moisture from the bees had rushed
to the cold surfaces and then con-
densed there. I then saw that it was
moisture in the hives that killed the
bees. This I have since prevented, by
using quilts to keep the cluster warm,
but at the same time let the moisture
pass off and condense on the cold
cellar-walls, instead of on the inside of
the hive. Since I have practiced this,
I have had no loss, notwithstanding one
year they had ver}- poor stores — mostly
honey-dew and oak-juice.

Grand Rapids, Mich.

THE UNION.

Importance uf Joining the Bee-
liecpers' Union.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY HENRY K. STALKY.

In looking over the list of members
enrolled under the " National Bee-
Keepei-s' Union," I was somewhat as-
tonished at the fact that it has only a
few hundred out of the 300,000 bee-
keepers of America ; and that many of
the names of our leading apiarists,who
make their bread and butter from this
pursuit (as well as some of the leading
editors of our bee-papers), should have
their names absented from its list.

In view of these things, I ask. What
can members of the Union expect
from minor apiarists, who may have
only a few colonies, which they work
with ad arbilrium, during liours of rec-
reation from their studies or pursuits,
and to produce enough honey for their
own use ? These people do not depend
upon a livelihood from the bee, and
tlierefore should be less expected to
join the Union, than those who make
their living from bee-keeping, and who
cannot afford to be assailed by ignor-

ance, prejudice, and the whims of re-
porters.

Yet I am persuaded, that if the lead-
ing apiarists of our land would show a
greater interest in this object, the
minor apiarists would then bring up
the rear with their dues. A good many
of them have seen tlie wonderful mon-
ument of adamant truth and prosperity
raised by this small handful of bee-
keepers, on the lands of Arkadelphia.
They have seen how the high-handed
Council of the city of Arkadelphia, had
to sneak off like " whipped spaniels,"
and in the sweat of their faces, eat
their own bread of bitterness, when the
unprejudiced and unalloyed light of
the Supreme Court of Arkansas was
thrown upon them.

Here we have a precedent, obtained
by some 300 bee-keepers, which will
stand as a guide for judges to be gov-
erned by, in such and analogous cases,
as well as for the enlightment of City
Councils, and as a cover for biased and
prejudiced men against an honest pur-
suit. The immensity of this decision
can hardly be comprehended by one
not familiar with our laws, and the
highest law of the land — the Constitu-
tion of the United States.

I think that every apiarist whose
name was on the roster of the Union,
when this case was won, may feel
justly proud, in that they, each and
every one, helped, by their means, to
contribute toward its success. In-
directly, they helped to show that bees
are no more a nuisance perse, than
that a mule may put into operation his
natural propensity of recalcitrating
when irritated ; and that bee-keepers
have rights which cannot be trampled
on by biased City Councils.

Now, to keep up the good work that
the Union has done, and is still doing,
more bee-keepers must become mem-
bers ; and the way to do that, is to
arouse all the energy, and create an
incentive at the top of the bee-keeping
world. Every editor of every bee-
paper, who is not a member, should
become one at once, thereby setting
the example ; and then create an uu-
stopable stampede, by writing an arti-
cle sine die, and by means of the same,
inform his subscribers what the Union
is, what it contemplates doing, and
what good it has rendered for every
bee-keeper in the land. Let them
known how Mr. Clark was thrown into
prison, and maltreated, and command-
ed not to keep his bees within the city
limits. Let them know of the magnifi-
cent argument of the Hon. S. W.
Williams, attorney for the Union, and
of the skunky argument of Messrs.
Crawford & Crawford, for the city of
Arkadelphia !

I think that by so portraying this
case to the bee-keepers of the land.

TMm fEMEKICJCIf BEIE JfJ-URIfKIU.

57

they will recognize its worth to them,
and willingly join haads with us, that
we may battle with the other lawsuit
cases, and render other prejudiced
men hor dc combat. Brother bee-keep-
ers, you have seen what the Union has
done — now is the time for each and
every one of you to come forward and
lock hands with us. " Delays breed
dangers. There is nothing so perilous
as procrastination."
Cincinnati, Ohio.

MARKETING.

Selling llie Honey Crop in the
■Ionic market.

Written for tlie American Bee Journal

BY WILLIAM CROULEY.

My report my 1889 is as follows : I
began with 8(3 colonies, spring count,
in fair condition, increased to 120 col-
onies, and took 2,000 pounds of comb
honey in sections, and 1,500 pounds of
extracted honey, being the poorest of
the last three seasons. It was the "off
year " for basswood to bloom freelj',
and the bees were not in readiness
when it did bloom, to do good work ;
and it was so dry in the fall, that the
fall honey crop was almost a complete
failure.

I have sold the honey at my home
market — comb honey at 20 cents per
pound, and extracted at Vli to 15
cents per pound, right in the face of
some of my brother aparists, who have
tried to force honey on my market at
about half that price.

DISPOSING OF THE HONEY CROP.

I will give an idea of how I manage
my home market, hoping that it will
benefit some of the fraternity, who, I
imagine, are a little deficient in this
most important feature of our business.

I furnish each grocery in the town
with an attractive show-case, and he
gives it a prominent place on his coun-
ter. These cases open from behind
the counter, to prevent customers
from handling the honey. The cases
I keep well filled with both comb and
extracted honey on sale. I do not ask
them to buy the honey, but open an
account with each merchant, and re-
ceive credit for the honey when de-
livered to them, at the retail price,
which price I make the same to all of
them.

I do not care how much honey thej'
sell, but they sell all that I can use in
trade in my family, which is quite an
item in the course of the year.

Now as to the cash part of my busi-
iicss : I have the good-will of the
merchants, and they have stood by me,
for they have not shipped in a pound

of honey in the last two years, although
it has been repeatedly offered to them
at ruinous prices.

In the winter, I make boxes for re-
tailing comb honey ; they are made to
hold a half dozen one-pound boxes. I
make them of a good quality of shin-
gles ; 1,000 will make about 160 boxes.
The ends are made of |-inch lumber,
to nail to. By nailing the shingles one
thick end and one thin end, on the
opposite sides, it makes a square box.
The material costs about 2 cents per
box. It makes a neat package for the
purpose.

As soon as the first honey is readj'
for market, I take my sample case
(which holds two sections, and is
nicely made and painted), and go on
a little excursion through the towns
and country, and of course I show
what I have in that " funny little case."
I am pretty certain to get an order at
nearly every house for at least one box
of a half dozen sections, which I sell for
only $1.00. My sections are filled so
that a half dozen weigh about 5 pounds.
I sell them for 20 cents each, in less
than a half-dozen lot, so that I seldom
fail to sell one box, if they will buy
any at all. The majority of my custo-
mers have used, so far this season,
from 3 to 8 boxes, and I find it the
hardest to sell them the first box ; they
often hail me on the street with, " Got
any more of that fine honey ? It is
going fast. Send two or three boxes
to my house, just like the last one we
had."

My extracted honey I put up in
tumblers — pints and quarts — and two-
quart fruit-jars. It often seems to me,
when I see bee-men scouring the coun-
try several hundred miles from home,
offering honey far below the market
price, that there must be something
wrong. The further I go from home,
the harder I find it to sell my honey ;
consumers like to know where the
honey comes from, for the " Wiley
lies " are not yet all dead.

UNFINISHED SECTIONS — BEE-ESCAPES.

I find it a tedious job to extract the
honey from unfinished sections. Last
fall I uncapped them, and filled a
super half full, and as far apart as I
could get thera. I then put the super on
the hive of a colony that needed feed-
ing; in 24 hours every drop of honey
was taken out, and carried to the
brood-chamber. Give it a trial next
fall.

I feel very thankful to those who so
kindly have donated to the fraternity,
the bee-escapes mentioned in recent
numbers of the American Bee Jour-
nal. I trust that the)' all will prove
successful in getting bees out of the
sections.

Redwood Falls, Minn.

BEES ON" THE FARM.

How to manage Bee • Keeping
witii Farming.

Written for the Ameriea/n Bee Journal
BY FRANK COVERDALE.

Bee-keeping amongst farmers is quite
often looked upon as a matter of ag-
gravation, or little profit, all thing.?
considered ; for there are many of this
class who even go to the bother and
expense to furnish ther bees with mov-
able-frame hives, and then hive them
upon the same, not even looking to
see if they build straight combs, or
furnish them with a particle of foun-
dation ; then the hive may be unno-
ticed for three weeks or more, when
the operator will raise the honey-
board to see if they are ready for sec-
tions, but, too late, the hone}' harvest
is over — the sections are put on, but
there is no honey, and no profit.

The farmer is called from the field,
by his wife ringing the bell ; he hitches
his horses to the fence, and runs to
save the swarming bees, thus leaving
the hay-field, road-work, or whatever
it may be ; so he neither farms nor
keeps Ijces successfully.

With the foregoing state of affairs,
it would be better not to have a colony
of bees on the place, for such a farmer
could buy his honey cheaper.

As I farm 247 acres of land, and
make a success of both farming and
bee-keeping, I will tell how I do it. In
the first place, I do not work my land
until it grows but one-half of a crop
of grain or corn ; but I choose a plan
different from this, and keep it quite
reasonably well in grass, and grow
about 50 acres of corn ; so it will be
seen that by this treatment, the ground
is rich, hence a heavy yield of corn,
good pasture, plenty of hay and young
stock upon the place.

I am not compelled to go to the field
every day, but can have considerable
time to look after my bees. I go out
and help to plow the corn the first time
through, and if honey is not coming
in, I keep on plowing ; thus the corn is
not neglected. When the corn-field is
clean, and honey is commencing to
come in, my man goes right ahead
with the corn-field.

When the bees are well supplied
with cases, and well at work, I mow
down the grass for hay ; but before
starting, I bring some nice, light 8-
frame Langstroth hives from the store-
house, and place them within reach ;
and as the bees are close to the back
door, my wife will be sure to hear or
see them if they swarm. With queen-
cage and veil she starts for the bee-
yard, cages the queen (all have clipped
wings), puts down the smoker, and

58

Tmm MBi^KieMif mmn j^wmmmLe.

soon i-eturns with cover and top-board
in one hand, and the body of the hive
on the same arm, and tlie botton-board
in the other. Any woman with ordi-
nary strength can do this with ease.
For $5.00, a girl can be had for these
two weeks in hajing. and my wife lilces
no better fun than to cage queens, and
place the hives close by the old one,
throwing a canvas of some kind over
the old hives. The rest is left for me,
when I come from the field.

During the two weeks of making
haj', many of the section-cases will be
read}' to take off. I can well afford to
take a half day to put the bee-escape
boards under the section-cases, and put
other empty cases underneath. In two
or three days I carry my bee-deserted
cases to the honej"-house ; here will be
a half day more lost (?). Thus the
white clover honey-harvest, with hay-
ing, will be almost at a close, and I
will have plenty of time to attend to
the other cases left on. The bees will
not bother much in oat harvest, as
a general rule.

The grain is stacked without inter-
ference ; this, perhaps, will be about
the middle of August. One week after
this date, heart' s-ease begins to bloom
here, and, as a rule, yields surplus ; it
often exceeds that of clover. At this
time of year, the farmer will find
plenty of time to attend to the honey
crop, and prepare the bees for winter's
quiet.

We will say that 50 pounds of comb
honey will be about the average per
colony, over the United States ; thus 50
colonies would annually produce 2,500
pounds, which at 12 cents per pound,
would amount to i^OO. Twenty-six
hogs, weighing 350 pounds each, will
bring, at present prices, $296.75. I
want to say right here, that no one
thing upon the farm, pays me so well,
in dollars and cents, as do the bees ;
and with no other great industry, does
apiculture combine better.

Welton, Iowa.

A Special Cliib Rate.

A Magazine of the choice literary charac-
ter which the Illustrated Home Journal
sustains, will add many pleasures to any
'■family circle." Its beautiful illustrations
and interesting reading-matter will make it
heartily welcomed at every " fireside " in
the land.

We desire that eveiy one of our readers
should secure its regular visits during the
year 1890, and in order to induce them to
do so, we win make this tempting offer;

We will Club the American Bee Journal
and the Illustrated Home Journal, and
mail both periodicals during the whole j'ear
1890 for $1.50. if the order is received at
this office before January 31, 1890.

CONVENTION DIRECTORY.

1890. Time and place of meeting.

Jan. '.iI-24.— Minnesota State, at Excelsior. Minn.
Wm. tJrie, See.. Minneapolis, Minn.

Jan. 22.— Vermont State, at Burlington, Vt.

J. H. Larrabee, Sec, Larrabee's Point, Vt.

Jan. 28.— Cortland Union, at Cortland. N. Y.

M. H. Fairbanks, Sec., Homer, N. Y.

Feb. 5.— Wisconsin State, at Madison. Wis.

Dr. J. W. Vance, Sec, Madison, Wis.

Feb. 5-7.— New York State, at Rocbester. N. Y.

G. H. Knickerboclser, Sec, Pine Plains, N. Y.

Feb. 19-20.— Ohio State, at Cleveland, O.

Miss Dema Bennett, Sec, Bedford, O.

Feb. 19-20.— N. B. Ohio. N. W. Pa., and Western New
York, at Cleveland, Ohio.

Geo. Spitler, Sec, Mosiertown, Pa.

May 3.— Susquehanna Co.. at Hopbottom, Pa.

H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.

May 19.— Northern Illinois, at Rockford, Ills.

D. A. I^iUer, Sec, Cherry Valley, Ills.

iS" In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — The Editor.

sli&M^MM>M

Ciatliering Pollen and Honey.

Pollen and honey are coming in. I have
41 colonies of bees, which are on the sum-
mer stands, and to-day they are working
very strong, and carrying in lots of pollen
and some honey, which they are gathering
from the soft maple. They have worked
some every day for the last ten days, ex-
cept on two or three days. Prospects are
splendid for a crop of white clover next
spring. J. H. Compton.

Cowling, nis., Jan. 10, 1890.

A Crood Yield of Honey.

I commenced the season of 1889 with 30
colonies, increased them to 75, and took
5,850 pounds of comb honey in one-pound
sections. I have united and sold mj* bees
down to 60 colonies, 50 of which are packed
in chaff hives, but packed overhead. They
are wintering finely so far on the summer
stands. I have out on commission, and
sold, all but 700 pounds of my honej'. It
seems to be selling slowly. The clover
seems to be in good condition so far. It is
cooler this morning, and it looks as if the
nice weather we have been having, is dis-
appearing fast. John Blodget.

Empire, Mo., Jan. 6, 1890.

Selt-IIivins' Ai-rans:enient, etc.

On ]iage 27 is an article from Henry
Alley, concerning the self-hiving of bees,
by means of what he calls a novel de-
vice— attaching two hives, an empty one,
and one with a coloiij' in it, side by side,
so that when a swarm issues, the queen
finding that she cannot pass directly out to
join tlje bees, runs along the device, and
passes into the new abode, and is there
joined by the bees. Mr. AUey says that the
inventor of the apparatus thinks his dis-
covery worth the moderate sum of $1,000.
I have not as yet looked up the article in
the Bee Journal, that he refers to ; but I
have had hanging in my bee-shed be-
tween four and five years, this grand dis-
covei*y of a self-hiver, made without having
heard of, or seen, anything of the liind.
Several of my bee keeping friends belong-

ing to the Philadelphia Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation, saw it on tlie hives, and it was re-
ferred to at one of their meetings; whether
somebodj' got the idea from that, I do not
know, but I do know that I never have
seen or heard of anything of the kind until
I saw Mr. Alley's article?

I made a self-hiver out of ^^"Inch lumber,
making a box 20 inches long, and 3 inches
deep on the ends and one side, and the
other side 4 inches deep, that it might serve
for an alighting-board. In the bottom I
made two openings, one for the entrance of
each hive; on the front, I nailed a piece of
perforated zinc 20 inches long and 4 inches
wide. I only tried it once, and not having
secured it in its place, the queen found a
little side-door arrangement by which she
joined her subjects; but of course the de-
vice must answer the purpose, if properly
secured. The cost of the device is compara-
tivelj' nothing. The honey cfop was a fail-
ure the past year. I extracted a few frames
with my home-made extractor very nicely.

Philadelphia, Pa. L. Stout.

IPolIen froii Dandelions, etc.

Western comb honey is retailing at 12).2
cents per pound in one-pound sections here.
Bees were gathering pollen from dande-
lions on Dec. 28, 1889; and on Jan. 13,
1890, bees were bringing in pollen from
dandelions and swamp-cabbage, like in
early spring. The temperature was over
80 degrees in my apiary.

H. P. Paucett.

Dilworthtown, Pa., Jan. 14, 1890.

Bees ftreedinji; Rapidly.

Last month was more like April than
December. Vegetation was in bloom in
southern exposures, and green strawber-
ries are on the vines. Bees have been
bringing in pollen up to this time, as in the
fall, and storing some honey from maples
and other sources. At one time there was
an abundance of honey-dew in some loca-
tions. Bees are breeding rapidly, and are
in good condition. C. Weeks.

Clifton, Tenn., Jan. 7, 1890.

ITIaking Bee-Esicapes, etc.

I have read Dr. Tinker's way of making
the Dibbern bee-escape. My way is so
simple, and I am fearful that it will not
work. I take a board as long and wide as
the hive; this board is made with a half
bee-space on both sides, as my hives and
supers have half bee-spaces. On this board
I nail three strips, 3 16 of an inch thick,
and 10 inch long, nailed so as to be V-
shaped. On the strips I tack wire-cloth cut
to fit. I leave a space at each corner, so
that one bee can pass at a time.

The weather here is all that can be de-
sired for wintering bees out-of-doors. There
is no sleighiug as yet, but plenty of rain
and mud. E. M. Slocum.

Easton, N. Y., Jan. 4, 1890.

n^liite Aster and (liolden-Rod.

I have been very deeply interested in the
Bee Journal for the last five or six months,
and c particularly in the discussion of the
merits of the so-called national flower (the
golden-rod). Now let me say in all candor
and honesty — I do not believe that there
was ever one ounce of honey gathered from
golden^od. Why? In the first place, we
never see golden-rod growing without wild
aster growing in its immediate neighbor-
hood ; second, the wild aster of Southern
Illinois has a yellow center, which secretes
honey, or nectar, and our bees gather that,

T^MS mmiMMitsmn mum j&iaKnxi^.

59

and we call it " golden-rnd houey." I have
been watching for bees on golden-rod, and
had ui}' ueighiiors to do the same, ami we
have yet to find the first one to report that
he has ever seen a single bee working on
golden-rod. There is no fall flower that
grows which receives as much attention
from the bees as our white aster (commonly
termed "bee-weed" in this county).

Give us the wild asters for our national
flower, and wo will have a flower of no
mooted question as to its nectar-producing
qualities ! I am, as yet, an amateur in bee-
culture, but I think from my own observa-
tion (and that of many bee-keepers of
Southern Illinois), that if the life of the
honey-bee depended upon golden-rod, there
would not be a live bee in Illinois to-day.
I have bees that came from the best breed-
ers in the United States (and I think that
there are no better in the world) ; I am
proud of them, and am thankful that there
is plenty of flowers that produce nectar to
feed them, and which yield a surplus to
spare — but I am for a known honey-produc-
ing flower as our national flower, and I ob-
ject to so much praise of a flower that is
neither useful nor ornamental, viz : Golden-
rod. Ika Reeves.

Carmi, Dls., Jan. 3, 1890.

that those wh(» are wintering their bees on
the summer stands had bettor bear in mind
that the bees may run short of honoy dur-
ing this warm weather. Owing to the e.x-
cessive exercise that they have during this
warm weather, they consume a great
amount of honey.

My bees are all in the cellar; the only
trouble I have had, has been to keep the
temperature low enough. I have boon
obliged to have the doors open at night, to
keep the temperature low enough. I find
that my bees are jjerfectly quiet when the
temperature is at -18 to 50 degrees; 54: de-
grees is too high, and 45 degi'ees is too low.
My bees are all in loose-bottom hives, the
bottom-boards being left on the summer
stands. I make a rim -i inches deep, of %-
inch lumber, the .same size of the hive; on
this I nail a sheet of burlap, then place a
break-joint, slotted honey-board on each
hive, with one of these rims above it; the
rim is then filled with chaff, and the colony
is ready to carry to the cellar.

Geo. H. Kirkpatkick.

New Paris, O., Jan. 13, 1890.

Sections^ Filled FliisU to the Eds;e

I use wooden frames on the three sides of
my tin and zinc perforated separators,
made of strips of wood %x5-16 of an inch,
grooved }^ of an inch to take the separators,
and mitred at the top, leaving the bottom
open for the bees. Dip the joints into
melted wax to hold them in place, and you
will ensure the sections being built flush to
the edges. My bees are on the summer
stands, with very little snow on the ground,
and the temperature at 40 degrees above
zero. The golden-rod produced largely and
of good quality, increasing our fall crop of
honey. I think that alfalfa is useless for
bees or anything else. B. Losee.

Cobourg, Ont., Jan. 13, 1890.

A S'tvarni-IIiver and Its Use.

I made and used the swarm-hiver last
season, and gave others the privilege to
make and use it, supposing that I was the
only one that ever thought of the like. On
May 20, 1889, I attached the swarm-hiver
to my only colony of bees ; and on June 8,
I had the pleasure of seeing a swarm of
bees hive themselves. It looked nice to me,
for they swarmed twice the summer pre-
vious, but went — well, I do notknow where,
but I know that I run myself very tired for
the last swarm that leftine, trying to know
where they went. I used wire-cloth for the
connecting-tube, with a nice strip of wood
on the bottom, as a floor, for her majesty to
walk on, if she chose to do so. Five strips
of perforated-zinc, for a wood-zinc honey-
board, will make the entrance-guards for
both hives, costing 5 cents ; wirecloth cost-
ing 3 cents, will make the connecting-tube,
to convey the queen and drones to the
empty hive. H. T. Sewell.

Pleasanton, O., Jan. 10, 1890.

Bees fVinteriiis: Splendidly.

Bees in this locality are wintering splen-
didly, the greater number being on the
summer stands. There has been no cold
weather this winter, to speak of— the only
ice we have had was on Thanksgiving Day ;
since that time we have only had a few
frosts. There have been warm days every
week since Thanksgiving, which have been
warm enough for the bees to fly. Bees are
carrying in pollen and water, and the indi-
cations are that they are breeding. I think

Bees antl Crops are For*rard.

My bees have been gathering pollen for
the past ten days. They are on the summer
stands yet, with plenty of stores. Wheat
is now in joint, and on looking out over the
fields, it waves like it does the first of May.
We are fearful of its being too forward.
R. W. Tallet.

Hornbeak, Tenn., Jan. 13, 1890.

in all l,a(l() priunds o( comb lioney from 8
colonios, spring <'<)unt. This was gathered
mostly during the summer months, as we
did not got much fall honey. If any reader
of the Bee JounNAr, in our State cau beat
this, for the season of 1889, I would like to
hear from him, or her. The bees were put
into winter cpjartors with plenty of stores
of their own gathering. Thi.s, however,
ought to settle the question so much asked
— Does it pay to keep bees?

Geokge Fkev.
Geneseo, Ills., Jan. 6, 1890.

I>ead Bees— Carryinar Pollen.

I have 38 colonies, all in good condition
except three, which have plenty of honey,
but there are a good many dead bees. What
is best to do about it? The rest are carry-
ing in pollen rapidly. Jack Shafeh.

Deposit, Ky., Jan. 11, 1890.

Bees in Fair Condition.

I started the past season with 100 colo-
nies of bees, and at present I have 150
colonies. I took 9,000 pounds* of honey,
which is nearly all sold. I have not put my
bees into the cellar yet, and I do not think
that I shall, unless we have colder weather
than we have had so far. Bees are in fair
condition yet. E. F. Meeker.

Duncan, Ills., Jan. 1, 1890.

Xlie ^Veather is too Warm.

We had a very varied season for honey
in 1889— some times too cold and wet, then
too hot and dry, yet our average was satis-
factory. We secured 42 pounds per col-
ony, all in one-pound sections. Bees are
in good condition now. They have been
carrying in pollen nearly every day for the
last three weeks. We have had no winter
yet. It is too warm ; we fear for the fruit
and bees. Peach-trees and strawberries
are in full bloom, and everything looks like
April. T. M. Edw.irds.

KerrvUle, Tenn., Jan. 3, 1890.

Experience tvith Bees.

I began in the spring of 1889 with one
colony in a log-gum, from which I have
now, on the summer stands, well packed in
fine meadow hay, 4 strong colonies in ten-
frame Simplicity-Langstroth hives, which
I have reduced to 6 frames in each hive,
leaving a surplus of 4 frames, averaging
from 4 to 5 pounds each, which I shall re-
turn to the hives in the spring. I have fol-
lowed up the instructions given in the
American Bee Journal to my best ability.
It was a " picnic " to see the bees, after I
had read the American Bee Jocrnal, for I
would go straight to them and give them
the benefit of my new reading; they ob-
jected to so much of scientific cultivation,
but we kept on pretty good terms. I sold
89 pounds of surplus honey taken from the
first swarm that came out. I had 13 pounds
of pieces of honey from the log-gum, when
I transferred them to a Simplicity hive.
I. E. Myers.

Grant, Minn., Jan. 7, 1890.

Well Satisfietl tvith the Results.

I am well pleased with the American
Bee Journal, and the permission it gives
all enthusiastic bee-keepers to tell of their
methods and prosperity in bee- culture. I
commenced last spring with 8 colonies, all
Italianized and in good condition, and in-
creased them to 18, by natural swarming.
My idea was to let each one swarm once,
and then check them by cutting all the
queen-cells out but one, after swarming.
In this I was successful, although two of
the young swarms swarmed once each, be-
cause I did not overhaul them and remove
the queen-cells, for I did not look for any
of the young ones to swarm. By not let-
ting them swarm but once, each colony re-
mained very strong. I obtained 1,100
pounds of comb honey in one-pound sec-
tions, and 100 pounds of comb honey in
frames, holding from 6 to 8 pounds, making

eood Vield from Alfalfa.

The Bee Journal is a very welcome vis-
itor at our house ; it is the first read out of
five or six papers. It has been a great help
to me for the last three years, as I get the
experience of men who have been in the
business for thirty or forty years. We had
beautiful weather all the past fall, and up
to Christmas. At present the ground is
frozen one inch deep, with two inches of
snow on it. The mercury is 30 degrees
above zero. I had 22 colonies, spring
count, increased them to 45, and took 1,300
pounds of comb honey. For the honey I re-
ceived $210 in cash ! How does that sound
for alfalfa as a honey-plant? Bees are in
fine condition for winter. I winter them
on the summer stands. I wish that some
of the bee-fraternity would tell, through
the Bee Joiurnal, how they return swarms
to the old hive, when the queen's wings are
not clipped. F. H. McDon^ild.

Star, Idaho, Jan. 1, 1890.

Report tor tlie Past Season.

I began the spring of 1889 with 20 colo-
nies, increased them to 45 colonies, and
then in the fall I reduced them back to 38.
I put 36 of them into the cellar, and have 2
colonies in the bee-shed. If I have 35 colo-
nies in the spring, I will be satisfied. I
think that my cellar is too warm, as there
are a great many dead bees on the ground.
I put them in on Nov. 13. I will clean up
the dead bees every month. It has been
very warm and rainy weather here all fall
and winter so far. My honej' crop, I think,

60

T'mm m^mmmi€^mm mmM j^iammmi^.

is medium; I have crated now on hand, 125
pounds in one-pound sections. I have 75
Langstroth brood frames that will average
5 pounds each, making 375 pounds more;
and I think that we have used at least 100
pounds in the family. I have also sold 68
pounds at 15 cents per pound— which
makes a total of 662 pounds of white clover
honey; and I think that I can get 15 cents
per pound tor the comb honey in sections
by next spring, although it is retailing now
for that in Pittstield, Ills., and in Louisiana,
Mo. If my bees hibernate through the win-
ter all right, I will try an extractor next
summer, and see what I can do with it.
Lionel Brokaw.
Summer HiU, Ills., Dec. 25, 1889.

Woman's Experience M'itli Uees.

Years ago my father gave me a swarm
of bees, and said, "Do what you can with
them." We had no home, but lived with
Mr. K's father, and my hives were box-
hives, like all the rest. 1 got no honey, but
plenty of bees. My husband, like others,
got the " Western fever," and "West" he
went, to get us a home, and came home
without one, as we had no money to buy
such as he wanted. He talked " West" for
three years, and then I got the "fever"
too, and West I went, and came home with
the " fever " all gone. We intended to buy
a farm, and had only $1,000 in cash to buy
with, and wanted a good-sized one. We
went in debt on a farm that had been
rented for nine years — a farm of 200 acres,
with no fence on it, or anything else to live
like other people. I had some Langstroth
hives, and my bees began to work. I told
my husband that I would pay for the farm
with honey ! I had to work with the bees
all alone, as they stung the life out of my
folks. I rolled my sleeves up and went to
work with a will. The first year my bees
all died except 6 colonies. The next season
I crowded them with boxes, had 9 new
swarms, and sold $100 worth of honey; the
next year only iS60 — I felt weak ; but the
next year I had S350 worth, and the next,
¥556 worth; and the past year I had 8,000
pounds of fine honey, and the average price
per pound is 9 cents, as honey is very plen-
tiful. I have 148 fine colonies, and can
pay for another farm if I keep well. We
wives can lend a helping hand in many
ways if we select some business, and stick
to it. We do not take many cares off our
husbands, but we can try to pay for our
homes. I let nature take its course with
my bees. How nice it is to pay all expenses
on a farm with bees, and then have all that
is made on the farm, clear. I often look at
my pets, and wonder how they can do so
much. Mhs. H. a. Kenrick.

Mindoro, Wis., Jan. 14, 1890.

eggs and queens, and had I known this last
spring, it would have been a saving of over
Si20 to me, and now the Bee Joukn'.vl has
told me all this for one single dollar ! Just
think what I will save next year, at the
same rate, as I have put 42 colonies into
winter quarters, and I think that they have
an abundance of stores ! I am wintering
my bees in the cellar; it is very dry and
well ventUated. I take great pride in look-
ing after my bees, and as long as they stay
with me, they shall have a good home,
and be well cared for. The American Bee
Journal also is a welcome guest at our
house, and its value can scarcely be esti-
mated. My advice to every bee-keeper is,
to take the Bee Journal for one year, and
he will never have to be solicited to sub-
scribe again — he will be only too willing to
do so.

I intend to enlarge my apiary to an enor-
mous size, provided I have success in the
business. It shall have my individual at-
tention from this henceforth, and I am now
searching for knowledge.

G. N. Benham.

Red Wing, Minn., Jan. 10, 1890.

I^rst Year's Work vrith Bees.

I procured my first bees last spring, com-
mencing with 20 colonies. My new hives
contain 2,140 cubic inches each, being two
stories high, and all painted white. I use
the Langstroth brood-frames, which are
perfection, in my mind, as the combs are so
beautifully built in them, straight and
even. I allowed my bees to swarm nat-
urally; they gave me 26 new swarms, and
stored 1,400 pounds of comb honey in one-
pound sections. My honey is all sold at
from 10 to 15 cents per pound, according
to the grade, except about 400 pounds that
I kept in case I should have to feed some
colonies in the spring, and a few pounds for
my neighbors.

Owing to my inefficiency in the business,
I lost 4 colonies on account of their losing
their queens; this is one place where I prize
the American Bee Journal, as it has
taught me how to furnish my bees with

Bees are Quiet in the Cellar.

I wintered 22 colonies in the cellar last
winter, and increased them to 54 the past
season; I put them into the cellar again on
Dec. 1, 1889, and they are doing finely.
Though we have had very warm weather
so far, the bees are very quiet. I had 600
pounds of surplus honey in one-pound sec-
tions, and the hives were still very full and
heavy when put into the cellar.

B. T. Pierce.

Grand Rapids, Mich., Jan. 14, 1890.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

Convention Notices.

lt^~ The spring meeting of the Northern Illinois
Bee-KeeperB' ABsociation, will meet at the residence
of D. A. Fuller, in Cherry Valley. Ills., on May 19th,
1890. D. A. Fdllkk. Sec.

Z^~ The Ohio State Bee-Keepers' Association will
be held in Cleveland, O., on Wednesday and Thurs-
day, Feb. 19 and 20, 1H90.
MISS DKMA Bennett. Sec. and Trias., Bedford, O.

03^ The Cortland Union Bee-Keepers' Association
will hold their Annual Meeting at theW.C. T. U.
Rooms in ('ortland, N. Y., on Tuesday, Jan. 28, 1890,
at 10 a.m. sharp. M. H. Fairbanks, Sec.

Q3P~ The Northeastern Ohio. Northwestern Penn-
sylvania, and Western New York Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation, will meet ni joint session with the Ohio
State Bee-Keepers' Association, in Cleveland, O.. on
Feb. 19 and 20, 1890. Geo. Spitler. Sec.

B^" The 21st annual meeting of the New York
State Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in the
Court House at Rochester, N. Y.. on Feb. .5, B, and 7
1K90. Reduced rates will be given at hotels and on
all principal railroade. The programme and full
particulars will appear in due time. Each county
association is requested to send two or more dele-
gates. G. U. KNICKERBOCKER. Sec.

tW The twenty-third annual meeting of the Min-
nesota State Horticultural Society, in joint session
with the Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Association, will
be held in the Town Hall, at Excelsior, Minn., on
Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday. Jan. 21.
22. 2H, 24. 189<:i. The Bee-Keepers' Association wilt
occupy a portion of Friday morning for its second
annual meeting, and will discuss questions pertain-
ing to bee-culture, as related to horticulture. For
further particulars, address VVm. Urie, Secretary of
the Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Association, Minneapo-
lis, Minn.

C3?~ The Wisconsin State Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, will hold its Sixth Annual Meeting in the Capi-
tol at Madison, Wis., on Thursday, Feb. .'J. Ixito. A
com III etc programme of the Convention will l)e duly
mailed to the prominent bee-keepers of the State.
A large attendance of bee keepers is anticipated, as
the Farmers' meeting takes place the same week.
We hope, also, to have a Honey Fair during the
meeting. Premiums have been offered for the best
display, and of samples of extracted and comb
honey. Send to the Secretary for a premium list.
Mr. A. I. Root is expected to be present at the meet-
ing. Dr. J. W. Vance, Sec , Madison, Wis.

DETROfT, Dec. 20.— Comb honey is dull and
lower, now quoted at 12@14c. Extracted, 7@
8c., with few sales. Beeswax is now in good de-
maud, at 24®25c.

M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.

BOSTON, Jan. 9.— Best 1 lbs., 16c; best 2
lbs., 1.5c. Extracted, T@9c. Beeswax, 23c.
Trade is dull.

BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham St.

CHICAGO, Dec. 27.— White clover 1-lbs.. 12
@.13!-4c. ; basswood. llCnllVic. : buckwheat, 8
@10c. Extracted, G'ifi'Hc. Beeswax, dark,
23®24c.; bright, 25ff;' 2Sc.

S. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St.

CHICAGO, Jan. 8.— Sales are light, at 12@
13c. for white 1-lbs. ; dark, 8@10e. Extracted
dull at 6@7c. for dark, 7(a",8c. for fancy white.
Beeswax, prime, 25o.

R. A. BURNETT, 161 S. Water St.

DENVER, Dec. 28.— Comb, 1-lb. sections, Ist
grade, 13®15c. ; 2nd, 12®14c. Extracted, 6®
7c. Beeswax, 20@2.5c.

J. M. CLARK COM. CO., 1421 Fifteenth St.

KANSAS CITY, Dec. 24.— Demand is light
and prices lower, owing to bee-keepers offer-
ing honey at 11@12'/2C,, delivered throughout
the West. Very fancy 1-lbs., 12 in a crate, 13
cts. : good, 12!4c. ; dark, lOe. Two-lbs., white,
12c. ; dark, 10c. Extracted, white, 7c. ; dark,
5@6c.

HAMBLIN & BEARSS, 514 Walnut St.

CINCINNATI, Jan. 8.— The very mild winter
apparently has a depressing effect on the
honey market, more especially on comb honey
Best white is offered at 14@16e., but conces-
sions have to be made to effect sales. There is
a fair demand for extracted at o@8c.

Beeswax is in good demand at 20®22c. for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH & SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

MILWAUKEE, Dec. 27.— Market dull; only
best grades demanded. White 1-lbs., 13®14c.;
•2-lbs., ll®12c.; dark 1-lbs., 12@13c.; 2-lbs, 10
@12c, Extracted, white, in barrels, 7@7!4c.:
in '/4-barrels and kegs or tin. 7'/4@8c. ; dark, in
barrels, 6®6J4c.; in kegs, 6'/4@7c. Beeswax,
22®2oc.

A. ^V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.

NEW YORK, Dec. 30. — Demand for comb
honey has almost ceased, and choice lots can
be picked up at almost any price. Extracted
is doing fairly well. Basswood and California,
T/iC; orange-bloom, 8@8!4e.; buckwheat, 6c.;
Southern. 70@75c. per gallon.

HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,

28-30 Broadway, near Duane St.

KANSAS CITY, Dec. 27.— Market continues
very dull. Demand very light. Weather is en-
tirely too warm. We quote white 1-lb. comb,
13c.; fall, 1-lbs., 10@llc.; white, 2-lbs., 11®
12c.; fall, 2-lbs., 10c. Extracted, white, 7®
7V4C. ; amber, 5@6c. Beeswax, 22c.
CLEMONS. CLOON & CO.,

Cor. 4tli and Walnut Sts.

1^" Some have requested us to print a
card on a less number than 100 Honey
Almanacs, and we have concluded to ac-
commodate them. We will furnish 25
copies with card printed on the first page,
postpaid, for 81.10; 50 copies for -$1.70;
75 copies for S2.30. See prices for more
on the page 20.

Clul>s of 5 for $4.00, to any addresses.
Ten for $7.50, if all are sent at one time.

Xlie Report of the proceedings of the
20th annual session of the International
American Bee-Association is now published.
The price is 25 cts., postpaid. It contains,
besides the report, the new songs and
music then used, and engravings of the
present officers as well as the retiring ones.
In all, it contains 36 pages. It is for sale
at this office.

XM® MMUKICfEK MMM J@URI«JEI^.

61

AL,FREI> H. WEWMAN,

BUSINESS MANAGER.
IXXIXX.XXXXXXXXXXXXTXX.XXXXXXT-XXTXX1

itisiuess ^attcts*

■ Subscribers who do not receive their

papers promptly, should notify us at once.

H^" Money in Potatoes, by Mr. Joseph
Greiner. Price, 25 cents, postpaid. For sale
at this office.

^g' Send us one i^EW subscriber, with
^1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

It^" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

1^" We have some full sets of the Bee
JouKNAL for 1889, and new subscribers can
have the full sets for 1889 and 1890 for
$1.80 until all are gone.

' Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in

Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 35 cents per ounce, by express.

■ The date on the wrapper-label of this

paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

t^~ Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Jodrnal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

_ _ ' As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write AmerUian Bee
Journal on the comer of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

' Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

'• 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 25

■' 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

'When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book,
by maU, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

' We offer the Monthly Philadelphia

Farm Jmimal, and either the American
Bee Joitrnal or Illustrated Home Jour-
nal for one year, for the small sum of $1.20.
Or, we will give it free for one year to any
one who will send us one new subscriber for
either of our Journals with $1.00 (the sub-
scription price).

We Club the American Bee Jowmal

for a year, with any of the following papers

or books, at the prices quoted iu the I.1ASX

column. The regular price of both is given

in the first colunin. One year's subscription

for the American Bee Journal must be sent

with each order for another paper or book:

Price of both. (Mub
The American Bee J ournal 1 00 . . .

and Gleanings in Bee-Culture 2 00..

Bee-Keepers' Guide 1 50..

Bee- Keepers' Review 1 50..

The Apiculturist 1 75. .

Bee-Keepers' Ad vance 1 50 . .

Canadian Bee Journal 2 00. .

Canadian Honey Producer... 1 40..
The 8 above-named papers . . 5 65 . .

and Langstroth Revised (Dadant).3 00.
Cook's Manual (ISST edition) 2 25.
Doolittle on Queen-Rearing.. 2 00.
Bees and Honey (Newman)... 2 00,
Binder for Am. Bee Journal . . 1 60 .
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth).. .3 00.
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture. .2 25,

Farmer's Account Book 4 00,

Western World Guide 1 50,

Heddon's book, "Success,".. 1 50,

A Tear Among the Bees 1 75,

Convention Hand-Book 1 50 ,

Weekly Inter-Ooean 2 00,

Toronto Globe (weekly) 2 00,

History of National Society..! 50.
American Poultry Journal. . .2 25,

..175
..140
.. 140
..165
..140
..180
..130
.. 5 00

... 2 75

. .. 2 00

... 175

. . . 1 75

. . . 1 50

... 2 00

. .. 210

. . . 2 20

. .. 130

. 1 40

... 150

. . . 1 30

... 175

. . . 1 70

. . . 1 25

... 150

l>© not send to us for sample copies
of any other papers. Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.

CATARRH.

CATARRHAL DEAFNESS-HAY FEVER.
A New Home Treatment.

Sufferers are not generally aware that
these diseases are contagious, or that they
are due to the presence of living parasites
in the lining membrane of the nose and
eustachian tubes. Microscopic research,
however, has proved this to be a fact, and
the result of this discovery is that a simple
remedy has been formulated whereby
catarrh, catarrhal deafness and hay fever
are permanently cured in from one to three
simple applications made at home by the
patient once in two weeks.

N. B. — This treatment is not a snuff or an
ointment; both have been discarded by
reputable physicians as injurious. A
pamphlet explaining this new treatment is
sent free on receipt of stamp to pay pos-
tage, by A. H. Dixon & Son, 337 and 339
West King Street, Toronto, Canada. —
Christian Aclmocate.

Sufferers from Catarrhal troubles should
carefuUy read the above.
50E26t Imly.

Our Clubin? Iiist.— We have now made
arrangements with publishers of metropolitan
Weekly Newspapers, by which we can club
them at the very low prices quoted in the
IiAST column, without premiums. The regu-
lar price of both is given in the first column.
One year's subscription for this Journal
must be sent with each order for another

paper ;

Price of both. Club.

Chicago Inter-Ocean S2.00 $1.75

Chicago Times 3.00 1.75

Chicago Globe 2.00 1.75

Chicago News 2,00 1.75

Chicago Herald 2.00 1.75

Philadelphia Practical Farmer 2,00 1.75

New York World 2.00 1.75

ToledoBlade 2.00 1.75

iStS.OO EiK-yt-lopedia. — The work is

almost us large as Webster's Dictionary, 4
inches thick, weighs over 5 pounds, and
occupies over 300 cul»ic inches of 5i>ace. It
is handsomely bound in English cloth,
double spring back, gilt side and back
stamp, marble edges, beveled boards, and
contains over 100 illustrations. It is pub-

lished at $5.00 per volume, which is very
low in comparison with standard current
prices on other works.

It treats of every characteristic, both the
good and the bad, of the various types of
man and woman, and proposes to tell most
people more about their fellow-men than
they ever dreamed it possible to find out.

We will club it with this Journal for
$2.10, postpaid.

Or we will present it as a Premium for 5
new subscribers to either Journal, with
$5,00 to pay for the subscriptions.

This is an opportunity of a lifetime— a
rare chance to get a very valuable book
free. The postage alone costs 30 cents.

Postal l^otes are no safer to use in
letters than bank bUls. Any one can get
the money on them. A Money Order can
be obtained at the post-office or at the ex-
press office for 5 cents (only 2 cents more
than a Postal Note), and is perfectly safe;
if lost it can be re-issued.

E^" We always extend the term of re-
newal subscriptions from the date of
expiration on our books. Present sub-
scribers whose time may expire one, two
three or six months hence, can safely
renew now, without fear of loss thereby.

Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jour-
nal at $1.85 for the two ; or with both our
Home Journal and Beb Journal for $2.50
for all three papers.

62

Tmm m'mnmi^Mm mmn jQ'Vimmmi^.

-'■^'■^*^»mA^Lt

WINGER'S

IMPROVED

FEED GUILDER

is a novel and in-
geniously arran-
ged Grinding
Mill, made to at-
tach to 10 or 13
foot Pumping
Wind-Mills, oper-
ated by an elbow
attached to main
pumping rod in
such a manner
that it can be at-
tached or detach-
ed in a minute,
so that you can either pump or grind, or do
both at the same time. It works with a
reciprocating lever, so arranged that it
grinds on the up-motion of the Wind-MiU.
The Grinder consists of a double-metal case
and 3 burrs, two remaining stationary and
one revolving in the center, producing a
double-grinding surface, two-fold greater
than any other known to the world, and
wiU grind more than the ordinai-y farmer
needs. It can be changed from grinding
coarse to fine by simply turning one nut.

Price, $30. We will present one of these
Feed Grinders to any one who will send us
75 subscribers to our Journals, at $1.00
each.

gidverttsemetxts.

W AJSTEU I

To buy a Second-hand Barnes Buzz-Saw (combined

machine i with Foot and Hand Power, in good order.

State price and the Attachments, if any. Address,

4Alt F. W. OVERBECK, Edwardsville, Ills.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION

H VS NO S.\«; IN BKOOD FRAMES.

THIN FLAT BOTTOM FOUNDATION

Has no Fisli-boiie in Surplus Honey.

Being the cleanest is usually worked
' the quickest of any Foundatiun made.
J. VAN DEliSEN A: SONS,

Sole Manufacturers.

^_^=1L Sprout Brook, Montgomery Co., N. Y.
1 Att ,

HOME

923 & 925 West Madisun-Street,

EUTPLOYMEBTT. AGEXT8

wanted everywhere, for the HOME
JtHIRNAlj — a ^'rand family paper.
Hio Cash Premiums. Siunple Free.
THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
CUICAGO, ILLS.

BEE-HIVES, SECTIONS, ETC.

WE make the best Bee-Hives, Shipping-
Crates, Sections, &c., in the world, and
Bell them the cheapest. We are offering- our
choicest white 1-pieee 4i4x4!i Sections, in lots
of 500, at $3.50 per 1,000. ^P" Parties wantiDg
more, should write for special prices. No. 3
Sections at $2.00 per M. Catalogues free, but
sent only when ordered. Address,

G. B.

LEWIS &. CO.,

WATEKTOWN. WIS.

"PRACTICAL TURKEY RAISING"

By Fanny Field. This book tells all
1 nlmnt turkey raisinp. from the Betting
I of the eggs to the maturity of the young
irkp. If you follow the directions in
Lom lMX)k you need not lose a bird.
.— ' ^^ Fanny Field has had more exiierience
and su(-c»edB better In raising turkeys than any other
iierBon in America. She clears hnndrer's of dollars
yearly on them, and will tell you how she does it. _ i'nce,
25 cents. Sfampn taken. Address

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

923 & 925 W. Madison St., - CHICAGO, ILLS

Useful Scales

The Union or Family Scale.

An Elegant Monthly for the

At $1.00 a Year.

Printed in the highest style of the art, and

profusely embellished with Magniflcent

and costly Engravings.

This Scale has steel bearings, and it weighs ]
from ',4-ounce to 240 pounds. Price, wilh a
Single Brass Beam, as shown in the illustra-
tion, $3.00. With Double Beam for taking the
tare, $3.50. i

The Little Detective Scale.

This little Scale is made with sieel hearings,
and a brass Beam, and will weigh accurately
14-ounce to 25 pounds. It supplies the great
demand for a Housekeeper's Scale. Prices :

Single beam, no scoop $2.00.

" tin " 2.50.

Double " no scoop 3.00.

tin " 3.50.

iF^~ All orders filled promptly.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

923 & 925 West Mudison St., CHICAGO, ILLS.

Mutli's Honey Extractor

Perfection Cold-Blast Smokers,
SQUARE GLASS HONET-JARS, etc.

For Circulars, apply to

CHARI.E8 F. M1TTH di SON.

Tor. Freeman & Central Aves., CINCINNATI, O.
P. 8.— Send 10c. for Practical Hints to Bee-Eeepera
Mention the American Bee Journal.

SCIENTIFIC

QUEEN-REARING

AS PRACTICAIil^V APPI^IKB ;

Being a Method by which the very best of

Q,ueeu-Bees are reared in perfect accord

with Nature' Ways ; by

a. M. DOOLITTLE,

Borodino, 1%. Y.

In this book the author details the results
of his Experiments in Rearing Queen-Bees for
the past four or five years, and is the first
to present his discoveries to the World.

Bound in Cloth— 176 pages— Price, $1.00,
postpaid ; or, it will be Clubbed with the
American Bee Journal one year, for $1.75—
with the Illustrated Home Journal, for $1.75 ;
or the two Journals and the Book for $2.50.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

923 & 925 W. Madison-St CHICAGO, ELLS.

■" PUBLISHERS - ' ""Wj

923 & 925 West Madison St., CHICAGO, ILLS.

It is a moral and intellectual educator, and
Is invaluable in every library, as well, as a very
attractive and inspiring ornament in every
drawing-room. Each issue contains 36 pages.

Its historical and biographical sketches, aa
well as its stories, are charming ; its depart-
ments for the Young Folks, the Household,
and the Family Circle aro very interesting,
and all who examine it are sure to become
regular subscribers. It captivates them all.

A Sample Copy will he sent free, upon
application to the publishers.

The II.I.USTRATEO HOME JOUBNAI.

will be clubbed with the American Bee Journal
and both mailed to any address in the United
States and Canada, tor one year, for $1.50.

GET,

ACQUAINTED

\v:"-:i T 11:
BEE-KEEPEf^S' I^EVIEW.

The December issue has 24 pages, a cut show-
ing- "The Home of the Review," also an ac-
companying article descriptive of "The Re-
view, its Home, its Editor and his Family."
This number shows more clearly, perhaps, the
plan upon which the Review is conducted,
than does any single number that has preceded
it. In its advertising columns will be found
the description of a plan whereby all who wish,
may secure the back numbers at a trifling cost.
The special topic of this issue is, ""What Will
Best Combine with Bee-Keeping; and What
Shall Bee-Keepers do Winters ?" This number
will be gladly sent free to all who apply, and
with it will be sent two other numbers.

4Etf W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich.

Me7ition theAmcrican Bee Journal.

Glover Seeds!

We can promptly furnish any quantity of
White, Alsike, or Sweet Clover Seed at the fol-
lowing prices, which include sacks and cart-

"*^ TVHIXE; C1.0VEK.

Per bushel (60 lbs.) J15 00

Per peck (15 lbs.) 2 75

Per pound 30

AIiSIKE CLOVER.

Per bushel (60 lbs.) $8 00

Per peck (15 lbs.) 3 25

Per pound 25

SWEET CliOVER.

Per bushel (60 lbs.) «6 00

Per peck (15 lbs.) 1 75

Per pound 20

When ordered by mail add 10 cts. per pound
for postage.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
923-925 West Madison St., - CHICAGO, ILLS.
Mention the American Bee .Journal.

Tmm ffiMBRIC'^F* BE® JOURIHKI,.

67

EDITOR.

Vol. mi. FeD. U8

No. 5.

■' Good-nature, like the little bee,
Honey gathers from hour to hour ;

Hi-nature, like the spider, sucks
Poison from the sweetest flower."

Xlie Editor is again at his desk, after
two weeks of La Grippe and its complica-
tions. He is still weak, but improving
slowly. If "misery loves company," it
ought to be well satisfied now,for La Orippe
has found more than an average among the
editors of our acquaintance. Many of the
editors of the bee-papers have also been
afflicted with it, with more or less severity ;
and, in consequence, one of the monthlies
for December reached our desk on Jan. 25.
Hundreds of letters from our subscribers
also report that they have encountered the
Russian scourge, and some are reported as
having died from its complications.

ffi^" The best combined shipping and in-
troducing Queen-Cage we have seen, is one
sent us by S. W. Morrison, M. D., of Oxford,
Pa. WhOe the Queen is confined to the
cage the workers can go in and out freely —
a piece of queen-excluding zinc being
placed over a small auger-hole, which also
has a piece of tin to slide over it, which
shuts it entirely, when desired. It is also
supplied with candy for food.

We have been specially invited to
attend the Wisconsin State Convention at
Madison next Wednesday, but we dare not
accept it — our strength is so slow in return-
ing. We hope that all will attend who can.
The meeting will be very interesting, for
our friends A. I. Root and Dr. C. C. Miller
wOl be there.

Tli« Mew Vork State Bee-Keepers'
Association will hold its 21st annual Con-
vention in the County Court House, at
Rochester, N. Y., on Feb. 5, 6 and 7, 1890.
The first session will convene at 3 p.m., on
Feb. 5.

Among the essays and subjects to be dis-
cussed,found in the interesting Programme,
are the following:

"New methods of Queen-Rearing," by G.
M. Doolittle; "Best method of working to
secure reduced freight rates on honey;"
" Has it paid honey-producers to buy Ital-
ian and other imported queens?" by Ii-a
Barber; " The new races of bees," by G. H.
Knickerbocker; "How to run several out-
apiaries for comb honey, in connection with
the home apiary, for the most benefit," by
A. E. Manum; "Betsinger's long-tried sys-
tem of non-swarming," by N. N. Betsinger;
"The fraternity, the honey -producer,queen-
rearer, supply dealer and editors — their ob-
ligations, one to the other," by Ernest R.
Root; "Is it advisable to introduce laying
queens to a parent colony, after having
cast a swarm, or being divided artificially ',"
"Marketing honey," by R. Bacon; "The
reported short crop of honey and accom-
panying prices for 1889 — their cause and
effect;" and " Shallow TO. large frames in
the production of comb honey," by J. H.
Martin.

The head-quarters will be at Congress
Hall Hotel— a first-class, $3.00 per-day
house, that will take members at $1.50 per
day. The Lister Hotel is a $1.50 per-day
house, and will board members for $1.00
per day. The room for exhibits will be at
Congi-ess Hall Hotel. Samples of honey
and apiarian supplies are solicited. All
articles sent in care of the association will
be properly arranged on exhibition, and
disposed of, or returned to the exhibitor,
as requested.

Remember that you must have a Trunk
Line Certificate when purchasing your
ticket for Rochester. If your station is a
small one, and they are not kept in stock,
get a ticket to the nearest coupon station,
and then procure a through ticket (and
certificate). Reduced rates will be given
on nearly all the railroads, at one and one-
third fare for the round trip.

For further particulars, including a com-
plete Programme, send to the Secretary,
Geo. H. Knickerbocker (Box 41), Pine
Plains, Dutchess Co., N. Y.

Xhe Oolden Bec-niTC— Mr. S. L.

Klutts, of Clear Creek, N. C, has written
to Prof. A. J. Cook, stating that the Pro-
fessor's name is being used to recommend
the "Golden Bee-Hive," by unprincipled
parties. The Professor desires to make the
following announcement in regard to the
matter :

At the request of bee-keepers of North
Carolina, I wish to state that I have never
used the "Golden Bee-Hive," nor have I
ever said or written anything in its favor.
Any statement to the contrary, is abso-
lutely false. A. J. Cook.

I'uiiitinsr lli«-Ilive»».— Thereis much
economy in painting bee-hives, besides the
more beautiful appearance they present
when tastefully arranged upon a well-kept
lawn. The importance of having the hives
painted is explained in the following from
an exchange :

In painting hives, dark colors should be
avoided as much a-s possible, for in ex-
treme hot weather the combs in such hives
will melt down, while in a hive painted
white, no damage will be done. Such melt-
ing down of combs often comes in times of
scarcity of honey in the fields, so that rob-
bing is started by the honey running from
the hive when the inmates are in no condi-
tion to defend themselves, and from this
cause and the spoiled combs, much damage
is done.

«|ueen-t"!aB:e.— -Thos. S. Wallace, of
Clayton, Ills., writes thus:

I send you a sample cage like the twelve
that I mailed last June to Major Shallard,
of Glen Brook, New South Wales, which, I
understand, went through safely. It might
be a benefit to some of the readers of the
Bee Jouhnai. to describe it. The food is
made of pulverized sugar and honey.

It is a strong cage, and well fitted for the
long voyage ; but it would be too heavy for
shorter distances, and cost too much for
postage.

Xo ^Visconsin Kee-Keepers.

In the Programme sent out, a mistake has
been made in naming the day of holding
the Convention at Madison. It should read
"*VE»NES»AV — not Thursday. The
date is all right — February 5, 1890. Let
all take notice, and be at the Convention
on tVEUI«ESI>AV.

]^e\v Catalogues and Price-Lists for
1890 are received from —

John A. Salzer,La Crosse, Wis. — 96 pages
— Seeds of all kinds.

E. Kretchmer. Red Oak, Iowa — 40 pages
— Bee-Keepers' Supplies.

Geo. E. Hilton, Fremont, Mich. — 13 pages
— Apiarian Supplies.

John Andrews, Patten's Mills, N. Y. — 4
pages — Carniolan Bees and Queens.

P. L. Viallon, Bayou Goula, La. — S4
pages — Bee-Implements.

A. F. Staufifer & Co., Sterling, His.— 30
pages — Hives and Bee-Supplies generally.

A. I. Root, Medina, O. — 44 pages — Bee-
Keepers' Supplies and Household Con-
veniences.

Many matters for the Editorial De-
partment, which have accumulated during
the past fortnight, are still unable to appear
in this issue. We hope soon to be able to
give them consideration. Our friends will
please exercise a little patience with us for
a few days.

p^ We have received a registered letter
from Russia, and writen in Russian. We
cannot decipher even the name or address.
If any of our subscribers can read the Rus-
sian language, we shall be pleased to send
it to them for translation.

68

T'MW m^iMMMlGMH MMM J^WMHMIU.

Beneets or Affiliation Mr. C. P.

Dadant, Secretary of the International
American Bee-Association, sends the fol-
lowing important suggestions for publica-
tion in all the periodicals interested in the
pursuit :

Pkiexd Newman: — In accordance with
your suggestion on page 3, the Southwest-
ern Wisconsin Bee-Keepers' Association
have affiliated themselves to the Interna-
tional.

I wish to call the attention of the officers
of all our bee-associations to the impor-
tance of this affiliation, and to the benefits
to be derived by them, as well as by the In-
ternational, from such a bond of union.

In the first place, all delegates of an affil-
iated association become members of the
International, without further expense, and
are entitled to take part in its proceedings,
and to receive a copy of its report. Each
affiliated association is entited to choose
one delegate for every 25 of its members,
or fraction thereof, to represent it at the
annual convention of the International.

The President of each affiliated associa-
tion becomes exofficio Vice-President of
the International.

The Secretary of each association makes
a report to the Secretary of the Interna-
tional, every season, of the condition of
bee-culture, and of the crop in his section,
with the name and the crop of each mem-
ber, and this is published with the proceed-
ings. If we can have a union of all the bee-
keepers' associations effected in this man-
ner, we shall be well prepared to make a
display worthy of America, at the coming
International Fair of 1893. We must show
the world that bee-culture is not so small
a branch of farming, after all, and that we
appreciate the fact that all progi-ess comes
from the interchanging of ideas between
intelligent men.

Then think of what a pleasant thing it
would be for a dozen presidents or more of
local. State or Provincial associations meet-
ing together at an International conven-
tion!

I earnestly solicit all presidents or secre-
taries of local. State and Provincial asso-
ciations to send to me for a copy of the
proceedings of the convention held at Co-
lumbus, Ohio, which contains the regula-
tions on the subject in question. (The price
is 35 cents.) I also solicit correspondence
from any and aU, in regard to this. Our
aim should be to show that America is
ahead— far ahead of any other country, in
progressive bee-culture, and this we have
a good chance to show at the World's Fair
of 1893, with pleasure and profit to our-
selves, if we organize well for it.

C. P. Dad AST, Hamilton, Ills.,

Sec'y International American Bee-Asgociation.

p. S.— Other bee-papers please copy, so
that we may have a unanimous action.
Suggestions from the publishers of the
divers bee-periodicals would help very
much.

This is an important matter, and should
receive immediate attention at the next
meeting of every local society of apiarists
on the American Continent. Read the fol-
lowing from Mr. Holtermann, Secretary of
the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association :

For once we have well got the start of
our far-seeing, sharp United States breth-
ren—the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association
has affiliated with the International Ameri-
can Bee-Association ; and the affiliated as-
sociation is entitled to the two "silver
medals "to be offered as prizes for honey,
open for competition to all its members-
one medal for the best honey in the comb,

and the other for the best honey out of the
comb. Then the affiliated society is en-
titled to one representative for every 25
members that the affiliated society has.
Now all the above for $5.00, and yet we
are the^?'st tosee the advantages of such
a bargain! I say this, not so much to
"crow over" our well-known acuteness,
but to draw attention to the advantages to
be derived from affiliation, and with a sin-
cere hope that every State bee-keepers' so-
ciety will affiliate. The advantage will be
very pronounced in favor of the association
affiliating, yet indirectly it will be as great
in favor of the International.

R. F. Holtermann.

We congratulate the Ontario Bee-Keep-
ers' Association upon its having the dis-
tinguished honor of being the first bee-
society to affiliate with the International
Bee- Association. Now let every bee-society
in America imitate the good examples set
before them by the Ontario and the South-
western Wisconsin bee-keepers' associa-
tions. All wiU see the advantages to be
gained by so doing.

miES % MEFLIES,

starters of Foundation Used in
Wired Frames.

Written for the Amerir^n Bee Journal

Feetlins; Candy to Bees. — Some
bee-keepers, whose colonies may be short
of winter stores, will have to feed their bees
in order to carry them safely through the
winter. To supply this need, candy is used
by some, and is given as described in the
following paragraph, taken from one of our
exchanges :

It is generally conceded, and I know
from experience, that candy for bees in the
winter season is very healthy, and they do
well on it. Bees will winter on properly-
prepared candy, and I have never yet seen
a case of diarrhea when candy was used to
some extent from the beginning of |the
winter. I do not advocate wintering bees
altogether on candy ; the colony ought to
have honey, 'and I would prefer them to
have the usual amount. My idea of the
matter is, to have a little candy over the
cluster of bees all winter. Of course it will
take several pounds, for it seems that the
bees prefer it to honey, and constantly
work on it.

Pure Bees. — A. Graves, of Richmond,
Mich., asks the following questions:

1. Will you please state when and how it
is best to introduce Italian queens, in order
to obtain purebred bees? 2. Also, which
size of Bingham smokers is best for general
use?

1 . If a tested Italian queen be introduced
at any reasonable time by any of the ordi-
nary methods, pure bees wiU be the result.

3. The size of the apiary should decide
the choice of a size for a Smoker. For 25
or more colonies, we prefer the large sizes.

" Brazil and the Braganzas," written
by the Hon. George Makepeace Towle, and
superbly illustrated with portraits, views
and autograph facsimiles., leads off the
February (Mid-winter) number of "Frank
Leslie's Popular Monthly " with admirable
timeliness. It is the first complete and

illustrated magazine paper on the subject ^^_

that has appeared since the revolution of foundation, both for

Nov. 14. 1 profit.-G. W. Demabee.

Query 683.— WiU bees build their comb
true in wired frames, where only starters of
foundation are used ? — S. H.

No. — M. Mahin.

Where the hives are level, they will. — J.
M. Hambaugh.

Sometimes they do; sometimes they do
not. — C. C. Miller.

Yes ; but it is better to use full sheets
of foundation.— A. J. Cook.

Not always. Conditions have much to
do with it. — H. D. Cutting.

They are not likely to. Tou would better
use full sheets.— Mrs. L. Harrison.

No. They are no more likely to build
true in wired, than any other, frames. — C.

H. DiBBERN.

If exactly plumb, I think they will. But
why use wire at all, if only starters are put
in? — Eugene Secor.

Yes, if the frames hang true, and the
wire is true in the frames. — A. B. Mason.

Yes; at least they always do so with my-
self. I prefer full sheets of foundation, for
several reasons. — J. E. Pond.

Yes. I have had them to do it often ; but
their propensity of building drone-comb is
objectionable.— P. L. Viallon.

Yes, largely so, but not so true as where
foundation is used, but the same as though
no wires are used. — R. L. Taylor.

There is no need of wired frames where
only starters are used. The wires will be
likely to hinder the bees.— Dadant & Son.

I have never tried them, as I do not use
wired frames. I know that they will build
theu- comb true without the wires, if the
colony is reasonably strong.-J.P.H.BROWN.

No If there is one folly greater than
another in modern bee-keeping, it is that of
wiling brood-frames !—G. L. Tinker.

Such building is not satisfactory with
me If the bees are to buUd their combs,
leave the wires out.— G. M. Doolittle.

Yes as a rule, but it will pay you to put
in full sheets of foundation where you wire
the frames. Were I using only starters, I
should use a strip of foundation preferably
not wider than three cells, or three-fifths of
an inch, and I would not wire the frames.—
James Heddon.

If the frames hang perfectly "plumb,"
and the wires are perfectly true and
straight in the frame, and if the starter
is put in perfectly straight, remarkable
success may be expected. Failjij-e in this
matter should be charged to the blundering
bee-keeper, and not to the bees.— J. M.
Shuck.

No They are just as apt to get out of
line-and more certain to do it, where
wires intervene, than where they have a
clear frame. The fact is, I have never seen
a really good comb that was buUt by the
teeTini ^vired frame. When they are
built in a frame that is not obstructed by
wires, the combs can be pressed into place,
if the bees have failed to keep them straight ;
but not so easy if the wires are out of place.
I prefer combs drawn from fuU sheets of
- ^ ... 1 — n, fr.,- convenience and

T'MIS ISMM'itlC'MH MMM JOIIMHTEIL.

69

THIRD PRIZE.

Extracted Iloncy — Production
iuid Marketing'.

Written for the American BeeJourihal

BY W. L. PORTER.

Extracted honey — so-called from the
process by which it is taken from the
comb — is the pure liquid honey with-
out the wax.

It is taken from the comb by re-
moving the caps from the honey-cells
with a sliarp knife made expressly for
this purpose. Then the combs are
placed in a cylinder that can be made
to revolve very rapidly, and by centrif-
ugal force the honey is thrown out,
without any injury to the combs. By
this means, the comb can be returned
to the hive, and re-filled, thus making
a wonderful saving to the bees.

By careful estimate, it is found that
to make one pound of comb, it is nec-
essary for the bees to consume twenty
pounds of honey. Not only this, but
it is a great saving of time, as the
making of comb by the bees is not a
rapid process, and very often, when
the bees have a great abundance of
nectar to gather, they are short of
honey-cells in which to store it, and,
consequently, the precious flow is lost.
This great invention, of saving to the
bees, gives the apiarist great advan-
tage, and enables him to obtain double
the amount of honey that he could
secure by allowing the bees to build
the comlj. Thus it will be easilj' seen
that the extracted honey can be sold
much cheaper than that in the comb.

EXTRACTED VS. COMB HONEY.

"Extracted honey has all the flavor
of comb, and is in every way equal, if
not superior." For domestic use, it is
in every sense to be preferred. It is
more convenient for table use, and
more wholesome. Beeswax is indi-
gestible in the strongest acid — nitro-
muriatic does not aflect it. In a pretty
syrup-cup, or a handsome glass bottle,
it is always convenient and attractive,
and an ornament to the table — tooth-
some, and wholesome to the stomach.

It is easier to conti'ol an apiary for
extracted honey than for comb honey.
Extracting from the brood-frames gives
the queen ample room to deposit eggs,
consequentlj' the hive can always be
populous. By using the extractor with
a two-story hive, the apiarist can give
each colony of bees plenty of room
both to store honey and for the rearing
of brood. By this means, the swarm-
ing trouble can be entirely overcome.

and the bcc-kccper does not need to be
constantly with his bees, as does the
producer of comb lioney. Thus he can
control a much larger apiary.

As a commercial article, extracted
honey is easy to handle. It can be
put into tin pails, tin cans, or barrels,
and shipped anywhere by freight, thus
making a cheap transportation without
breakage or leakage ; while comb
honey must be sent by express, costing
more, and often arriving in a broken
and damaged condition.

MARKETING EXTRACTED HONEY.

After noting all the advantages to
be obtained by the e.xtracted method,
we naturally inquire why it is that
honey is not entirely produced in this
form — and it is indeed a serious ques-
tion to the producer. While we find
all the foregoing advantages, there is
one drawback — that is, it is slow to
market — hard to convert into the
much-needed cash. There are many
reasons why this is so, and to over-
come them, should be our future
work.

The reasons for the slow consump-
tion of extracted honey are these :

1. People associate the liquid ex-
tracted honey with strained honey. In
olden times, before the extractor was
invented, it was the custom, every fall,
to kill off a part of the bees, and take
the honey. This honey came from the
brood-chamber — a mixture of honey,
pollen, young bees, larvje, etc. This
was all mashed together in a tub, and
placed in a bag which was hung up to
drain. The honey was dark and
strong, and flavored with bee-bread
and other impurities. Up to the pres-
ent time, many people, in asking for
extracted hone}', call it " strained
honey," and it is sad, but very true,
that many do not know the difi'erence.

2. When extracted honey first came
into use, it brought a good, round
price, and there was an opportunity
for the unscrupulous to adulterate with
sweets that could be had cheap, and
in this way make a handsome profit.
Soon our markets were flooded with
the spurious stuff, and the innocent
had to sufler, and soon became very
suspicious of all liquid honey. To guard
against fraud, they concluded to buy
nothing but comb honey, at the same
time admitting that they would pre-
fer extracted, if they could get that
which they knew was pure.

3. Another cause for complaint is,
that when the extractor first came into
use, the apiarist, for lack of experience,
extracted the honey before it was
thoroughlj" ripe, and a great deal of
honey was put on the market in its
unripe condition, and often fermented
on the grocer's hands, and proved so
unsatisfactory that he desired no more.

lie was confident that the honey hail
been "doctored," for he was very sure
that pure honey would act in no such
way !

4. Still anotlier objection to e.x-
tracted iioney is, that it candies. The
merchant or consumer gets the honey
clear and beautiful, but soon a cloudy
appearance comes, and later the honey
becomes solid. This is not understood,
and the party is very sure tliat the
honey is not pure, for, says he, "It
has returned to sugar." If tlie matter
had been understood, it would have
been a guarantee that tlie article is
pure, and a little patience in applying
heat would have returned the honey to
its original beautiful state.

These four points, I think, cover all
the objections, and have been the
cause of the wide-spread prejudice
which exists against the extracted-
honey trade. Before we can hope to
see the consumption of extracted honey
which should exist, we must enlighten
the world, and show to the people that
these objections exist in theory, and
not in reality ; that strained honey is a
thing of the past ; that now e.xtracted
honey is sold so cheap that there is no
cause for adulteration.

We should use every opportunity to
make the consumer familiar with the
process of extracting the honey from
the comb, and let them see that ex-
tracted honey is identicallj' the same
thing as comb honej- — the honey with-
out the wax ; that we so thoroughly
understand our business, that we would
no more think of selling our honey un-
ripe, than we would sell fruit in its
unripe state ; and that when honey
candies, it is a guarantee that it is
pure, and by applying heat it will
quickly return the honey to its original
state, without the least injury.

To gain this confidence, let each
producer begin near at home to build
up his market where people have con-
fidence that the article is all it is rec-
ommended to be. Let him sell all that
is possible in this way, by selling for
cash or for trade. It can often be used
to pay small debts, and trade for
needed articles for the family use.
Thus the doctor, shoemaker, and the
blacksmith can be settled with wholly,
or in part, by extracted honey.

When we have exhausted our home
market, we should try our retail
grocers. We should begin by giving
them all the " light" on the nature of
the honey, and the bees that gathered
it. Educate them to know that it is
the pure article ; that when it candies,
it is a proof of purity ; and that it takes
only a trifle of time to heat it and
bring it back to the original state.

If the retail grocer cannot use it all,
and we wish to go to the large city,
and consign our honey, let us put it

70

T>H® Ms^®)KieMi« mmm jm'&mmm'L,.

in the hands of the wholesale mer-
chant, who is making it a specialty,
and is willing to spend some time in
pushing it.

PACKAGES FOR EXTRACTED HONEY.

In putting it on the market, we
shouUI use all taste possible, to put it
up in the most attractive shape. Little,
bright tin-pails, holding from one
pound upward, can be procured very
cheaply, and these, with a neat label
with the apiarist's name and address,
and notice of how to reduce it to the
liquid form, make a very attractive
package, as well as a very convenient
one.

The most convenient package for
storage, when honey is extracted, is
the ten-quart pail, with patent bottom,
cover, and bail. They can be had for
less than one cent per pound for the
honey which they contain, will last for
years, and are always ready to ship or
to heat over. They hold 3U pounds,
and by passing a wire from lug to lug
over the cover, they can be shipped
anywhere by freight without any
boxing.

Every apiarist should aim to keep
his apiary, his extractor, and recepta-
cles neat and clean, so that when
visitors come, everything will have an
•inviting appearance, and his visitor
will be so captivated that he will be
sure to take with him a good supply
of the coveted sweet.

We should, in these ways, be able
to spread the consumption of honey
until this beautiful land of ours will be
one literally " flowing with milk and
honey."

Greeley, Colo.

S"WAIIM-HIVER.

Another Claims the Self-Hiver
Described by Mr. Alley.

Written for theAvierican Bee Journal

BY GEO. W. STEPHENS.

fully described it in his article. His
invention and mine are practically and
specifically the same.

I did not use the hiver last summer,
because we had a very unfavorable
season, and raj- bees did not swarm at
all. 1 thought that I would test the
arrangement a little further next sea-
sou, and then either apply for a pat-
ent, or donate it to the fraternity. But
Mr. Alley has forestalled me in the
matter, and has already applied for a
patent ; but as we have each unwit-
tingl}' invented the same device, I
hardly think it would be fair that let-
ters patent should be issued, giving
Mr. Alley the exclusive control of a
valuable invention — valuable, because
its use in an apiary will enable the bee-
keeper to attend church, or to indulge
in a midday "snooze" in the friendly-
shade of a classic linden.

As some might think my claim to
this invention is a case of " mis-
taken identitjf," I respectfully refer
them to Mr. N. J. Wheeler, Clerk of
the District Court of this county, who
also had bees in the same yard, and
who helped me watch the device
nearly all summer ; Prof. Z. T. Hawk,
of Audubon, Iowa, who saw the tube,
and is well known as a writer for the
bee-periodicals, and Mr. Theodore
Walker, a real estate agent and bee-
keeper, of this town.

I have written to the Patent OSiee
at Washington, in regard to the mat-
ter', and will endeavor to stay proceed-
ings, if it is not too late, as it certainly
would be unfair for Mr. Allej', and
perhaps for either of us, to have ex-
clusive control of the invention.

Denison, Iowa, Jan. 9, 1890.

In the ApiouUurist for January, and
also on page 27 of the American Bee
Journal, Mr. Henry Alley describes
a device for automatically hiving
swarms.

In the summer of 1888, I invented
and used in my apiary, this same de-
vice. My tube was made of screen-
wire, at each end of which was at-
tached a cone made like the cones in
the Alley drone-trap. This tube con-
nected two drone-traps attached to
two hives, as shown in Mr. Allej-'s il-
lustration. The cones were placed on
the tube so that the small ends pointed
toward the empty hive.

I will not attempt a further descrip-
tion of the device, as Mr. Alley has

HONEY.

It is Digested Nectar — Milk is
Digested Orass.

Written lor the American Bee Jov/mal
BY WM. F. KANZLER.

The readers of the valuable Ameri-
can Bee Journal are under very
great obligation for the able report of
the International Convention held at
Brantford, Ont., for, "Who brings
much, brings some to everybody !"

Among the many good essays, I
learned the most from Prof. Cook's, on
"The Alimentary Apparatus of Bees,"
because the idea that the digestion of
the nectar goes on while in transit
from the flower to the hive, was very
new to me, and gave me the key to
solve some observations which I had
formerly made, viz :

When I fed the bees on my porch
in the fall some afternoon, and the
sun shone brightly, and stood some

20° to 35° over the horizon, and I
stood so that the bees, in flying home,
came between nie and the sun — then
I saw that most of the bees did not fly
ofT in a hurry, but circled around and
turned their faces to the porch, and
spirted a long stream of watery stuff
in the air, against the house (some the
other way) ; but very few would fly
away without spirting, and emptying
themselves, and on the shavings which
covered the food, and on the floor,
even, was a sticky, adhesive matter.
Now I understand these things — it is
the first stejj in digestion, to get rid of
tlie over-plus of water, or other watery
matter.

Sometimes in the spring and sum-
mer, I saw that some bees, in flying
out of the hive, were spirting a stream
of water before them, and emptying
themselves before they gathered a load
of nectar — perhaps they had too much
water in the hive, or on the bottom-
board. So we see that digestion goes
on very quickly.

It is impossible for me to find fault
with the word " digestion." Is not
milk digested grass and hay ? and are
not eggs digested worms, and bugs,
and slugs ? If you find your neighbor
at breakfast eating eggs, and you say,
" Friend, you are eating digested
worms, grubs, and slugs," what would
he answer ? He would reply, "Never
mind, they are dead now, and trans-
formed into nice, fresh eggs — the very
thing for my old, weak stomach." And
so with milk and honey ; the eaters of
them, and the people generally, will
not ask questions about digesting, if
the eatables are nice and fresh, and
taste well.

Even if honey is only half-digested
nectar, it saves our system half the
labor of digestion, and is also a benefit
to us ; and besides this, it is a scien-
tific expression, and was used long
before our learned Prof. Cook put his
first boots on ; and all those who say
that he shall take back the "digested
part of it," are like a certain man in
Italy, who said, " Science must turn
back !" But this is an impossibility,
and never can, or shall, or will, be
done ; for our world moves from west
to east, and nobody can make it turn
the other way.

Science is seeking the truth, and
cannot listen to anybody's feelings or
sentiments, and I would lose ray self-
respect if I should find fault with a
scientific expression, while I could not
give a better one.

At Brantford, Prof. Cook was sup-
ported by that learned man, Mr. S.
Cornell, whom we bee-keepers this
side of the line hold in great esteem for
the many services that he has rendered
us in enlightening us on many difficult
questions in bee-lore ; and also Dr.

TM-m J^TWHRICJCN BEB JQURNfKILr.

71

Harvey and Mr. McKnight sustained
the " digested nectar."

If we all live this year. Prof. Cook
can prove his theory by experiments
(if 111! has not already done so), that
the digestion goes on from flower to
hive, by catching, on the entrance-
board, some 10 or 20 bees before they
enter the hive, and dissect them at
intervals of 3 to 5 minntcs, to see the
progress of digestion going on.

Fulda, Ind.

GOLDEN-ROD.

Honey from the Oolden-Rod
and Wliite Daisy.

Written lor the American Bee Journal
BY E. W. COUNCILMAN.

There has been so much written
abont golden-rod in the bee-papers
during the past season, that I had
thought the subject entirely exhausted,
but still the articles come. One man,
away up in Aroostook county, Maine,
claims that bees get no honey from
golden-rod, and another in the same
State claims that it is a splendid honey-
producer. Another bee-keeper, away
out in Iowa, says that he never saw
but one bee on a golden-rod flower,
and that looked like a '■ scared bee ;"
another, a little this side, in Wiscon-
sin, claims that his bees have done
splendidly on golden-rod, gathering a
fine lot of rich, amber honey, for
which he obtained as good a price as
he did for his clover honey.

Thus it has gone all the fall. The
little "joker" was first under one
thimble, and then under the other.
The fact is, many men are not careful
in their observations, before showing
their conclusions.

In this locality, for three consecutive
seasons, we have had a very poor
honey season, and bees have been
compelled to work on anything from
which they could get a living — golden-
rod, white daisies, yes, even Jacob's-
ladder ; I do not know positively
whether they got honey from these
flowers, for I did not ask them to let
me smell of their breath, or taste of
what they were getting ; but this I do
know, they worked busily on all of
these flowers, and would "leave buck-
wheat untouched, to work on golden-
rod "from early morn to dewy eve,"
day after day — and I never supposed
bees worked for fun ; in my experience
with them, whenever they undertook
to do anything, they meant business —
at least, they have made for me more
" business," sometimes, than I could
well attend to !

Whether the bees got honey from
golden-rod, or not, they worked on it
profusely, and in preference to buck-

wheat, and we got nearly, if not
quite, as much of the amber honey
as we did of tlie while honey, and but
very little of it was buckwheat.

Many old liee-keepers claim that
bees get no honey from white daisies ;
that bees went "light" on it, except
to rest themselves. This I know to be
untrue. When my bees have been
bringing in yellow honey, and when
they would alight at the entrance, the
slight jar it would give them, would
cause the dust to fall from their little
bodies, so that the entrance would be
covered with yellow dust.

I have been to the fields, and saw
them working on the white-daisy fields
— wh}', it would look and sound like a
buckwheat field in full bloom, and
their little bodies seemed to be liter-
ally covered with the daisy dust, and
they were not packing it on their legs,
either; they were as " busy as bees."
traveling all over those large sunflower-
shaped daisies, and plugging them
with their slender bills — acting just as
though they were getting honey, and
I believe they were. I also believe that
when they work so industriously on
golden-rod, passing other honey-pro-
ducing flowers b}', they are getting
honey. The true theory is this : Some
flowers produce honey in one season,
and other flowers produce honey
another season, and bees take the
honey wherever they can find it ; and
if the necessity requires it, they will
not scruple to get it from a neighbor-
ing hive, for a bee has no conscience,
or is it at all scrupulous when on a
foraging expedition.

Newark Valley, N. Y.

G-ERMANY.

A Very Intereslingr Ctatliering of
Oerniau Bee-Keeperii.

TrcmslatecL for the American Bee Journal

BY REV. STEPHEN EOESE.

I have just forwarded to the Deutsche
Imker aus Boehnien, brief notes from
the proceedings of the International
Convention, held at Brantford, Ont.,
translated into German.

The December number of the above
bee-paper, has just arrived, and re-
ports, among other articles, one item
of special interest, being a report of
the grand gathering of the 3rd annual
Wanderversamluug (traveling gather-
ing) and Exhibition of the German
Bee-Keepers' Central Union, held at
Stettin, Prussia, on Sept. 6th to the 9th,
with the opening address of the Hon-
orary President, Graf. Behr, of Regen-
dank. The many hundreds of bee-
keepers from all parts of the country,
mingled their voices in three cheers

for the Deutsche Kaiser, after which

the bee-keei)iiig fraternity was wel-
comed by an able address, from the
Chief-Hurgomuster of the city, which
was followed by a speech from Judge
Kollings, of Fallersleben, criticising
re|)resentativi! Letocha's new law on
apiculture, now before the Agrar-Com-
iiiission of the Prussian Legislature, to
take ertect on Oct. 1, 1890.

Teacher Lehzen, of Hanover, raised
the question, " How can bee-keeping
be made most profitable ?" and recora-
mended the home (German) honey-
bee, and cheaply prepared hives.

Tlie grand bee-master, J. G. Kanitz,
of Friodland, East Prussia, stated that
where winter lasts as it does in their
Polar bear country, for five to six
months, to achieve success in bee-keep-
ing, a new method must be adopted ;
after which Pastor Rabbone, President
of the Central Union, spoke very flat-
teringly concerning the growth and
interest of the Union, and bee-keeping
in general, during the past year.

The meeting closed with a feeling
of great enthusiasm, and another tliree
cheers \vas given for the Presiding
Faculties of the Union.

In connection with the Wanderver-
samlung, was held an exhibition of
live bees, hives, apiarian supplies and
products, and it was astonishing, for
the catalogue of exhibits in its five
departments contained 594 exhibitors,
and, as a matter of course, the in-
numberable articles on exhibition
could not receive very special atten-
tion in the part of the great throng of
visiting inspectors, but the impression
made upon this occasion seemed to
deeply afl'ect both the bee-keepers and
the visiting public.

The great throng of people passed
from the " Birken-Allee " inn, into the
stone wall-enclosed garden, which was
dotted to the right and left with hives
of live bees, of various sty'.es and
shapes. On the out-skirt of the beau-
tiful, large garden, stood a large
building, with immense sized halls,
for the reception of the nectar sweets,
and other purposes ; an adjoining
room contained a large library of
books on apiculture, of both early and
recent dates, and with it every volume
of the Preusische Bienen-Zeitung (Prus-
sian Bee-Gazette) from 1855 to 1889 ;
established by Grand Bee-Master J. G.
Kanitz ; and in order to make this
gathering of bee-keepers memorable,
the committee had arranged, first, a
view of the city ; next, a steamer ride
on the River Oder, to Frauendorf
(Ladie-stown), where, on Elisershoohe
(Lizzie's heights), the Stettin Teachers'
Association surprised the bee-keeping
fraternity with a number of beautiful
choral songs, sounding through the
air.

72

Tmm mwmmmi^mm mmm j^'^mnmi^.

On Sunday, Sept. 8, at 5 p.m., the
welcome guests (bee-keepers) dined
in tlie Wolfs-garden ; and on Monday,
the gi-eat drama of bee-keepers' ex-
ploits came to a close, by a steamer
ride on the ocean from the Bay by
Svvinmunde to Herringsdorf, where the
glad tidings were received that his
Slajesty, King Wilhelm II., of Prussia,
and Emperor of Germanj% had pre-
sented the Royal Seminary teacher,
Illgen, of Pommern (for his service in
advancing apiculture) with the Royal
Kronen Order, 4th class ; which fact
rendered this meeting very memorable
for many.

Maiden Rock, Wis.

CHIT-CHAT.

A Whirl Through the Dizzy Api-
cultiiral World.

Written far the American Bee Journal

BY E. L. PRATT.

The storm has passed — the blue skies
show signs of continued pleasant weather
once more. The "Bees by }< -pound by
maO " question has been laid upon the shelf
for repairs, and future reference. Let it
"R. I. P."

There is a veiy witty woman writing on
bee-matters, under the nom de plume of
"Kit Clover." She is a novice iu bee-cul-
ture, but her pen is as keen and pointed as
a bee's sting.

Are we to understand by that clipping
from the Fremont local paper, on page 19,
that Mr. Hilton really has as many babies
to care for as he has honey-bees !

" A Hallamshire bee-keeper " is an Eng-
lishman, but his writings savor of the
Yankee brevity and terseness. S. Simmins
is another " English Yankee " in his writ-
ings.

Very few seem to understand the value
of early advertising. The most successful
firms are those who keep their advertise-
ments before the public the year round.

Ivar S. Young is still in that apicultural
consormne. Mr. Holtermann was not suc-
cessful in fishing him out, although in pos-
session of the "Pole" and "Ring."

Mr. C. J. Robinson may know that I have
repented of all I said about " beautiful
women" in connection with "light Ital-
ians." I am in receipt of letters from sev-
eral of them, but I shall not have them pub-
lished, however.

Mr. L. A. Aspinwall is trying (?) to boy-
cott the comb foundation trade, by using
wooden combs in the brood-chamber. I
wonder what the Dadants think of that
scheme.

Now is the summer of our discontent
made glorious by a little piece of perforated
metal, to automatically hive bees that
swarm. Henry Alley has opened an avenue
here, that is going to widen as broad as the
world.

Mr. James Heddon (h-m) seems to have
become disgusted with us all, and with-
drawn somewhat from apicultural literary
work. What's the trouble? Mr. H. is gen-
erally prompt with his responses.

I always used to get Dr. Miller and Dr.
Mason mixed up, but since I have been
"sat upon" by one of these worthy
"fathers of apiculture," I believe I can tell
"which is which."

The Carniolan-Italian race-war. wiU soon
wage again. It is going to be " nip and
tuck " between these two races, ere long.

The English bee-publications have now
made decided changes in their manage-
ment. Hon. T. W. Cowan continues as
editor, however, of the Weekly.

My father has for some time been urging
me to devote a bee-yard wholly to the pro-
duction of wax, as Mr. Doolittle thinks of
doing. He has gi-eat faith in the under-
taking. I have not so much.

One of the Root-discarded "hobbies" is
being brought to a success by foreign api-
culturists. Artificial heat for bees in spring
may yet prove practical.

I wish I knew Mrs. L. Harrison well
enough to be "on speaking terms" with
her ; but you know I have a natural awe for
the opposite sex !

Why not call "4 '4x45^ by seven-to-the-
foot" the "standard" section?

Neighbor J. E. Pond and several others,
including myself, have been aware for
some time that the construction of the top-
bars had considerable to do with the burr-
comb prevention.

Dr. Tinker is keeping back some valuable
discoveries in connection with perforated
metal. Can't some one make the Doctor
tell?

We are preparing for a " big season " in
1890, at the " Pratt bee-farm."

Marlboro, Mass.

SELF-HIVER.

A Self-Hiving Arrangement and
How it is Used.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY WESLEY DIBBLE.

Some one has said, away back in the
Bee Journal, you can tell a practical
bee-keeper by his writings ; by the
same you can tell if he keeps bees in
his mind. This has caused me not to
state a good many of my little experi-
ments. I have read a good many arti-
cles where I thought the writer keeps
bees "in his mind." I obtained Doo-
little's "Scientific Queen-Rearing," as
soon as it was published, and the bene-
fit of that book to me is worth hun-
dreds of dollars. I consider its author
head and shoulders ahead of any bee-
writer in the valuable American Bee
Journal. My i-easons for thinking so,
are these :

He tells us plainly all of his experi-
ments, in a way tliat all can under-
stand. As fast as he can write success
on any of his experiments, we get them,
and all without reserve. When Mr.
Doolittle treats us to something really
?ieiv, how surprising it is that a certain
few have been practicing the same
thing so long !

The same thing will be said of me,
when I .say that I practiced, the past
season, something new, and as far as I
know, it had never been published un-
til Mr. Alley gave it to us on page 27,
calling it a "Novel Self-Hiving Ar-
rangement." My plan varies a little

from Mr. Alley's, and I will give it
here, as I practiced it last season, and
.shall adopt it in three of my out-api-
aries next season. It is as follows :

Commence by using the plan of Mr.
Heddon's bottom-board and stand —
any size to fit the hives. Place two of
them side by side, and on the bottom-
board place a queen-excluding honey-
board on each of them. Now place
the hives on, and connect the two
hives with a wire-cloth tunnel, one
inch in diameter, and 4 or 5 inches
long. One end of this tunnel must be
cone-shaped, and this end goes into the
empty hive (supposing the colony in
the other hive is ready to swarm).

Connect the hives as near the front
as possible, and just above the queen-
excluding lioney-board ; now it is ready
for swarms without a failure, and the
front of the hive will not be blocked
up by any Alley traps.

The same plan will work by placing
the empty hive on top of the one ready
to swarm, and connecting the two in
the same way, except the tunnels must
be long enough to connect the two
hives, and the cone must be in both
ends of the tunnel. With this plan,
the distance from one hive to the other
is so far, that the queen is liable to re-
turn to the hive from which she came,
unless the cone is arranged to prevent
her from returning after she leaves the
parent colony. With this last plan, I
think that I can see something valu-
able, which I want to give a thorough
trial before saying anything positive
about it. I am not fully satisfied with
my experiments so far.

THE SEASON OF 1889.

I am getting everything ready this
winter, and expect to care for 400 col-
onies of bees next season alone, ex-
cepting the aid of my son and wife.
The bees will be in four different
yards, seven miles from home. I
placed 100 colonics seven miles from
home the past season, and my method
of manipulation was successful ; I think
that I did not lose one swarm ; and
the proceeds of that yard was satis-
factory to me, for the season was very
poor in this section of the country.

My crop was 6,000 pounds of mark-
etable honey. It netted me 12J cents
per pound, at our depot, or at my
honey-house.

Middleburgh, N. Y., Jan. 10, 1890.

Xlie Keport of the proceedings of the
20th annual session of the International
American Bee- Association is now published.
The price is 25 cts., postpaid. It contains,
besides the report, the new songs and
music then used, and engravings of the
present ofl!icers as well as the retiring ones.
In all, it contains 36 pages. It is for sale
at this office.

Tmm mummmamn b«15 j©urns£^.

78

HIVES.

Double- Walled VN.^iiigle-AVallcd
Hives for Winter.

Written for flic American Bee Journal

BY DR. G. L. TINKER.

In determining which is the better,
a double or .a single walled hive for
practical results, we are to consider
not alone the " winter problem."

At the late International Conven-
tion, where the matter was fully dis-
cussed, it was not, nor can it be,
shown that a properly-constructed
double-walled hive, packed with suit-
able material, will not winter bees as
well as the single-walled-hive in the
best of cellars. Though it w.as shown,
I think conclusively, that there is a
small saving of stores bj- cellar-winter-
ing, I think it must also be conceded
that it is, on the whole, the most eco-
nomical system of wintering. Here,
then, are two points conceded in favor
of single-walled hives ; but I propose
to show that they are more than off-
set by the superior advantages of the
double-walled hive in spring and sum-
mer.

The saving of stores by cellar win-
tering is not moi'e than four pounds to
the colony, and the saving in the cost
of hives is not more than the value of
four pounds of honey per year.

Now we come to spring breeding,
and my experience is, that there is a
net saving of not less than ten pounds
of stores to the colony, by the use of
the double-walled hive up to the first
of June, in this locality, and I believe
the saving would be still greater at
any point further north.

If we calculate, then, from Nov. 1st
till June 1st, we have a saving of at
least six pounds of stores, in double-
walled hives, over the best possible
showing in single-walled hives. But
we are not to stop here. There is
another advantage in double-walled
hives, that has not heretofore been re-
c&rded, and it is the chief considera-
tion with me, in deciding in favor of
them, viz : We can rear one-third more
brood and bees in a double than in a
single walled hive by the first of June !

The facts and figures to prove the
above point, will be given later. I
will here simplj' allude to the fact that
bees in protected hives in the spring,
are stronger, and are able to gather
stores and breast strong, cold winds,
when the bees from single-walled hives
being comparatively weak, fall to the
ground, or become chilled on the
flowers and die. The cause of this
state of things is undoubtedly due to
the greater labor required to keep the
brood warm during the cool nights

and days of April and May, in single-
walled hives.

Thus it will be seen that the two
points above conceded to the credit of
the single-walled hive, become a small
matter when we compare the grand
results that can be achieved with tlie
double-walled hive in spring breeding,
preparatory to securing a crop of
honey.

But I shall fall short of doing this
subject justice, if I do not say some-
thing upon the proper construction of
double-walled hives, and their winter
and spring management. 1 know that
many have failed with such hives, and
I think that I know why. I have said
(and I desire to emphasize the fact)
that a chaff hive with damp packing,
and damp walls and combs, is a poor
place for bees. Indeed, it is far in-
ferior to a single-walled hive in out-
door wintering, if it is allowed to get
in such a condition ; and I know that
the ordinary management of these
hives leads to more or less dampness,
which is death to the bees, or there is
a partial or complete failure in results.
Double-walled hives, then, must be
kept Avy, and the packing must be
thoroughly dry to begin with.

Again, the packing must be quite
porous, or it will require to be often
changed. Thus, fine sawdust, clover
and oat chaff, that mat down close, are
objectionable. Forest leaves, planer
shavings fi'om dry wood, and the ex-
celsior sawdust obtained in sawing sec-
tions, is preferred ; and from 2J to 3
inches of packing about the brood-
chamber is enough.

DAMPNESS IN HIVES.

In preventing dampness, I rely much
upon proper ventilation, and practice
two methods, both of which succeed
well. The first is free bottom ventila-
tion, and it seems best adapted to this
locality. The second is upward venti-
lation, in connection with a small en-
trance (2 inches by f). This latter
system seems better adapted to points
further north, but I am not sure that
it is.

With free bottom ventilation there is
more and purer air furnished the bees,
and they appear to be able to keep the
hive as warm as by the other plan, as
the following will show :

About 50 miles due west of here, are
quite a number of apiaries of from 10
to 50 colonies of pure black bees in
box-hives, where for more than fifty
years they have held their own, and
where, up to this time, the frame hive
and the modern system of bee-keeping
have been unknown, orignoi-ed.

What impressed me the most was
the fact that all of these hives, without
exception, were placed on four small,
flat stones from f to 1 inch thick, and

they were left so the year around. I
inquired of one old and intelligent bee-
keeper, why lie let so n)uch air in at
the bottom of his hives, and he replied
that th(;y coulil not winter their bees
in any other way (!) ; that the combs
and hives, without the large openings
at the bottom, would become damp,
and the bees would die ; that as long
as the hive and combs were dry, the
bees were never injured by the cold !
I suppose I have seen the same fact
stated in the bee-papers a hundred
times, and yet it does not appear that
the mass of bee-keepers are profiting
by it.

BEST METHODS OF HIVE-VENTILATION.

It is now a well known fact that bees
in winter, at intervals of three to five
days, arouse from their torpid condi-
tion, and feed. During the intervals,
they take no food until the sense of
hunger again arouses them. This is
an interrupted hibernation. I have
thought that they often go as long as
a week without food, but when they do
rouse up, they raise the temperature
and warm up their stores before they
can feed, and in the operation they set
in motion active currents of air.

Now I have shown that bees cannot
properly ventilate a hive except from
the bottom, and the experiments of
Mr. Cornell (see page 819 of the Bee
Journal for 1889), have shown that
free bottom ventilation cannot be had
through a horizontal entrance of the
usual size, without other openings in
the bottom or other part of the hive.
Bees, then, may at their feeding times
ventilate and dry out their hives in
winter to some extent, where free bot-
tom ventilation is provided for.

The plan that I have tried, and
which seems to answer every purpose,
is to give a full entrance (|xl2 inches),
and in the bottom of the winter-case,
at the rear end of the brood-chamber,
make five one-inch augei'-holes, which
are to be covered with tinned wire-
cloth. Upvvard ventilation is prevented
as far as possible by the use of an in-
side cover for the brood-chamber,
made of wood. The hive rests near
the ground, and a few leaves are
placed loosely beneath, to keep the
bees from trying to get under the hive,
when they can fly, where the auger-
holes are located. The hives are
painted on the bottom, and the damp-
ness of the ground does not affect the
hive or bees.

With the above arrangement, the
packing gets only a trifle damp, which
is soon dried out by taking off the
cover of the winter case once in two
or three weeks, when the sun shines
cleai'. If the packing gets quite damp
over the brood-chamber (and it often
gets so on the cool days of spring) , I

74

Tmm ms^mmicMM mmm jowRifsi*..

throw it all out to dry ou the cover,
which is inverted on the ground. The
sun is also allowed to shine full upon
the inside cover of the brood-chamber.
The eflect of this treatment on the bees
in the spring, is very remarkable, and
especially upon the laying of the queen
aud the rapid extension of the brood.
The covers are usually takeu oft' about
10 a.m., and returned at 4 p.m.

Where upward ventilation is given,
the entrance is closed to 2 inches b}' f ,
and no holes are made in the bottom
of tlie hive. Over the brood-frames is
laid two thicknesses of cheap cotton-
cloth, and 4 or 5 inches of packing. I
prefer the cloth to lay flat ou the
frames without cross-sticks for passage-
ways. With this arrangement, after a
few weeks of cold weather, the surface
of the packing will become quite wet,
while it is warm and dry beneath. I
use mostly the excelsior sawdust on
the brood-ehamber, loose, as it can be
handled almost as easily as a cushion,
and is readily dried out, while the
cushion is not. AVhen ready for the
sections, it may be taken out and
stored in barrels ; but the packing
around the first story is left in place,
as a rule, all the year.

A pi-operly - constructed double-
walled hive is simply a winter case for
a single-walled hive. It should not be
constructed all in one, as the packing,
if it becomes damp, cannot be re-
moved to dry it out. My winter case
is made of thin boards, 9-32 of an inch
thick by 20 inches long, nailed up and
down to a frame at the top and bottom.
The bottom and cover are also lined
with the same thin stufl", and the whole,
with the flat tin roof, weighs under 25
pounds. It is light, easy to handle,
and verj' durable. After five years'
use, I have yet to lose a colony in
them. In summer I take most of the
packing away, when they make ex-
cellent summer hives.

In conclusion, allow me again to in-
vite the attention of bee-keepers to the
matter of bottom ventilation for winter
hives.

New Philadelphia, Ohio.

QUEEN-CELLS.

Reply to Que§tion$ About Eggs
in Queen.Cclls.

Written Jor Vie American Bee Journal
BY C. P. DADANT.

In reply to Mr. Latham's questions
on page 8, I wish to say at the start,
that I do not assert that the queen
does not lay eggs in queen-cells, but
simply that I do not believe that she
does so.

Mr. Latham asks why the bees never
put an egg in an old queen-cell, in-

stead of tearing down and building
around it, when a queen is removed. I
believe the answer is in the fact that
they do not rear their queens from
eggs, in these circumstances, but from
already hatched larua:, and I believe
the reason of this is, that they are in a
hurry — much more so than when they
want to swarm, as there is no condition
on earth that displeases them so much
as to be queenless. I have never yet
seen a queenless colony start a queen-
cell from the egg ; whether they ever
do, I do not know. It is evident that
they cannot transport a larva, as they
do an egg, and so this would answer
Mr. Latham's question.

In answer to the second que.stion, I
will say that whenever the foundation
gets so stretched as to be of the same
size as drone-cells, the queen does lay
drone-eggs in it. That is why so many
have imagined that the bees could
change worker foundation into drone
foundation, which they do not.

The third question asked by Mr.
Latham, is answered by the reply to
the first.

This question is of but little weight,
but I certainly do not think that the
queen lays eggs in queen-cells, aud my
main reason is, that I know how she
hates to see others in those queen-cells,
and how eagerly she destroys them
whenever permitted to do so by the
bees. I have seen queens, time and
again, working hard, tearing up rival
cells, and even if I am mistaken in mj'
opinion, and a queen does lay in
queen-cells, it is hardly fair to call it
"all nonsense" to believe as I do —
though I feel satisfied that Mr. Latham
does not mean it harshly.

Hamilton, Ills.

A Special Club Rate.

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ter which the Illustrated Home Journal
sustains, will add many, pleasures to any
" family circle." Its beautiful illustrations
and interesting reading-matter will make it
heartily welcomed at every " fu-eside " in
the land.

We desire that every one of our readers
should secure its regular visits during the
year 1890, and in order to induce them to
do so, we will make this tempting offer :

We will Club the American Bee Journal
and the Illustrated Home Journal, and
mail both periodicals during the whole year
1890 for $1.C0, if the order is received at
this office by March 31, 1890— when this
offer will end, the regular rate being $1.75.

If any one wants a club of two or
more weekly or monthly periodicals, be-
sides one or both of our Journals — send us
a Postal Card, and we will then quote the
lowest possible price, by returu mail. The
number is too great to enumerate.

COIVVEMTION DIRECTORY.

1890. Time and place of meeting.

Feb. 5.~Nonheastern Michigan, at Lapeer, Mich.
W. Z, Hutcliinsun, Sec, Flint, Mich.

Feb. 5.— Wisconsin State, at Madison. Wis.

Dr. J. W. Vance, Sec, Madison, Wis.

Feb. 5-7.— New York State, at Rochester, N. Y.

G. H. Knickerbocker, Sec, Pine Plains, N. Y.

Feb. I9-20.-Ohlo State, at Cleveland, O.

Miss Dema Bennett, Sec, Bedford, O.

Feb. 19-20.— N. E. Ohio, N. W. Pa., and Western New-
York, at Cleveland, Ohio.

Geo. Spitler, Sec, Mosiertown, Pa.

May 3.— Susquehanna Co.. at Hopbottom, Pa.

H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.

May 19.— Northern Illinois, at Rockford, Ills.

D. A. Puller, Sec, Cherry Valley, Ills.

Its" In order to have this table complete.
Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — TuE Editor.

Xemperaliire of Ueceniber, etc.

The mean temperature of December, in
1886, was 22 degrees above zero; in 1887,
30 ?4^ degrees above zero; in 1888, 33 1-10
degrees above zero ; in 1889, 48 J4; degrees
above zero. I am wintering 12 colonies of
bees on the summer stands, mostly in the
new Heddon hive, without any protection;
some have a section-case on top of the
brood-chamber, without any cloth or quilt
over the brood-chamber. So far there have
been less dead bees than any winter since
I commenced the business. What the re-
sult may be in the spring, time will prove.
Possibly I may give the result at the proper
time. P. J. Bates.

White Hall, Ills., Jan. 10, 1890.

■ I <^ » * ■ — .

IVo Winter in Xexas.

We have had no winter here yet. Mus-
tard is four feet high, and in bloom.
Peaches, plums, tomatoes and many other
plants are also in bloom. Corn and cotton
are growing in the fields. The bees are on
the wing every day. My bees did but little
last season — only made a living. Out of 40
hives, I extracted about 200 pounds of
honey. J. C. Bell.

Belton, Tex., Jan. 9, 1890.

l^arm Weather— Bees all Rifflit.

I read with great interest the report of
the Michigan Bee-Keepers' Convention, and
I feel especially proud of the closing part —
those bee-keepers came together for busi-
ness ! The weather here is. very, very mild
this winter — in fact, we have had no winter
at all so far. Christmas day was as warm
and lovely as a beautiful day in the middle
of May. This was a great day for the bees,
as they flew in great numbers. Bees are
flying some almost every day. Fruit-trees
are budding, dandelions are blooming, and
hyacinths and other bulbous plants are
pushing their flower-buds above ground.
Old settlers say that from Dec. 1 to the
middle of January, never in their recollec-
tion has the weather been so warm. My
24 colonies of bees are all, apparently, in
the best condition, with plenty of honey.
To work with ' my bees occasionally, is a
scource of pleasure aud recreation from my
regular work ; also the reading of the valu-
able American Bee Journal gives the
monotony of my business a cheerful turn.

New Philadelphia, O. Daniel Wvss.

Tmrn, mimmMicnf^ nmM joJjmnMiL.

75

CiooU llonoy Crop— 4iJ«»I«l«ii-Ko»l.

The honey crop of this part of Iowa for
1889 was splendid. I commenced the sea-
son with 11 colonies, ami took 1,800
pounds, mostly coml) honey in one and two
pound sections. I increased njy apiary to
49 colonies, with plenty of surplus for win-
ter. I fear that bees that were put into
winter quarters early, will not winter well.
The weather has been too warm, until this
week, and they were very restless. The
temperature was as high as 56 degrees,
and the cellars could not be cooled except
at night. As all are giving their opinion
of golden-rod as a honey-jjlant, I will say
that I have watched it vei-y closely, to see
if bees worked on it, and I have always
found it full of ugly black bugs, but no
bees, and for this section of country, I
would pronounce it a troublesome weed,
which is spreading very fast.

Tnos. O. HiNES.

Anamosa, Iowa, Jan. 18, 1890.

There are a few peach-blooms, and also
some plums, yet the latter are scarce. The
maples are about all in bloom, and the out-
look for spring jiollon looks gloomy, unless
the maples hloum again in the spring.
There is plenty of young brood to be found
in the hives, .■iiid there is no telling what
the result will be, if there should be any
severe winter weather. The honey crop
last year was not good, on account of June
and July rains. The fall honey crop was
ruined by drouth, and as a result many
have had to feed syrup to carry their bees
through. lux Reeves.

Carmi, Ills., Jan. 11, 1890.

] [This is indeed a peculiar winter season.

I What the spring may unfold, no one can
yet foretell. If frosts come late in the
spring, great damage will result. We can
do naught but await the result with bated
breath — hoping for the best, even if fearing
the worst. — Eo.l

Poor *iel«l of Honey.

Bees did not do very well in this imme-
diate locality last season. I had 133 colo-
nies, spring count, and increased them to
150, by natural swarming. I doubled up
the new swarms, and secured most of my
surplus from them, which was about 1,500
pounds. A. L. Suikck.

Glasford, Ills., Jan. 11, 1890.

JBees Uoins %Vell Oiit-ot-I>oors.

I started with 75 colonies last spring, and
harvested five tons of honey, 1,000 pounds
of it being comb honey. I increased my
apiary to 96 colonies. I sold the comb
honey at 15 cents per pound, and I am sell-
ing extracted at 10 cents. My bees are
doing nicely on the summer stands, and
have a flight almost every day. I do not
expect to pack them away unil it gets be-
low zero. F. A. Gibson.

Racine, Wis., Jan. 18, 1890.

Bees in First-Class Condition.

It is warm enough for bees to safely fly
here this morning. The ground is still bare
and unfrozen, with not a bit of frost, and
bees are in first class condition ; they do not
want to fly at all. Judging the possibilities
of the future by the past, I do not think
that we can have any weather from now
out, which will kiU bees. I am lucky
enough to have four-flfths of my bees out
(only 70 colonies in the cellar), all packed
in dark-red boxes. James Heddon.

Dowagiac, Mich., Jan. 10, 1890.

blossoms lasted about 15 days, although
the weather did not permit the bees to
work very slc'adily on it. Of course the
bees were doing well, but the dry weather
soon came on, and ripened the clover, but
cut the buckwheat rather short, and made
lioney-gatliering from the fall flowers al-
most a total failure. My receipts for the
season wore 3,500 pounds of honey in one-
l)oun<l sections, and an increase from 30 to
5 1 colonies, with jilenty of honey to last
them through the winter and another cold

I notice that some apiarists cannot see
any practical use in a loose bottom-board.
If Ihey will nail their boards to a cleat on
each side 1x1', inches, and also a cleat at
the back, they will find, by turning this
bottom-board over in the fall, the hive will
be raised up from the bottom-board, for the
purpose that has been so much discussed of
late, and then, as the bees are taken out of
the cellar in the spring, by turning the
bottom-board again, the bees have a clean
and dry floor, and the corners of the hive
will not be filled with dead, moldy bees.
Then if the bee-keeper wants to do so, he
can easily fasten the bottoms on, by using
four hook-nails, such as are used to fasten
the covers on butter-tubs or tobacco-pails.

C. H. WOOLDRIDGE.

Brownville, Iowa, Jan. 12, 1890.

Bees are a 4koo<1 Investment.

When I first began to read the Bee Jour-
nal, some five or six years ago, my stock
of bees was 5 colonies in box hives; that
year I bought 25 chaff hives, and have
since increased the 5 colonies, by natural
swarming, to 45. I have taken for the half
shares, 39 colonies of one of my neighbors,
making in all 74 colonies in chaff hives to
care for. My bees are paying a better per
cent, for the amount invested, than any
other thing that I have on 43 acres of as
good land as there is in the State of New
York. I am not working for increase, but
for nice comb honey in 1 and 1}^ pound
sections. I sold my last year's crop in the
home market, at 13,'.2' to 15 cents per
pound, and I am now out of honey.

Etna, N. Y. G. W. S. Gibson.

Full Sections, Kinff-Bees, etc.

In answer to Query 679, on page 21, I
would advise the querist to have his bees
store honey in large frames. He can then
cut the combs into squares, the size of sec-
tions, with a cutter, the same way that a
cook cuts dough for biscuits. Slip the
squares into the sections, and place them
on a hive, where the bees can get at them
to make them fast.

We have mostly " king-bees " in this part
of the country. I will have some of my
neighbor ajnarists send the editor one, as
mine all died last summer, when I sub-
scribed for the American Bee Journal !

We are having a remarkable winter here,
or rather no winter at all. To-day the
mercury stands at 73 degrees in the shade,
the bees are busy working on the bloom of
peach, plum and other trees andshrubbery,
and carrying in large quantities of pollen
and some honey. The young bees are fly-
ing out daily, and what the end will be I
cannot tell. Wilson Rogers.

Love, W. Va., Jan. 12, 1890.

[The blossoms enclosed are forward
enough for May. " King-bees," and ignor-
ance generally, disappear when intelligence
and progressive truth are manifested. — Ed.]

Cold IVeatlier-Alsike Clover.

I have 14 colonies of bees all in Root
chaff hives; they are wintering well. We
had no winter until Jan. 1, and on Jan. 12
we had a blizzard— not a very bad one,
though. The mercury has been as low as
20 degrees below zero two or three times,
and the weather continues cold, and
threatens more snow. I sowed a half
bushel of Alsike clover last year, and ex-
pect to sow one bushel the coming spring;
some of my neighbors expect to sow some,
also. I have the only patch there is around
here, many never having seen it growing
before. S- &■ Palmer.

Tobias, Nebr., Jan. 18, 1890.

Yonns: Brones Flying.

Down in this part of the bee-world, rain
prevented the bees from storing over half
a crop— 50 pounds to the colony. I have
130 Italian colonies. Comb honey sells at
12;.< and 15 cents per pound, and extracted
at 10 cents. To-day the temperature is 80
degrees in the shade. Bees are storing nec-
tar and pollen from various flora. My
beautiful roses bloom continually. The
young drones are out to- day —the first this
year ' A. M. Hotle.

Whistler, Ala., Jan. 7, 1890.

Blooming Flowers in January.

I send samples of flowers picked this day
with my own hands, that are growing here
at the present time — peach-blooms from my
own tree, Japonicas, bridal-wreath, and
silver willows from the yards of my neigh-
bors, and maple from our street sides.
The maple trees are, in many instances, in
full bloom, and my bees came in yesterday
and to-day heavily laden with pollen. We
have had no winter here, to amount to any-
thing ; the ground has not been frozen a
quarter of an inch deep this winter. I am
writing in a drug-store, without fire to-day.
Japonicas are in full bloom all over this
town ; sweet violets are in full bloom also.

Lioose Bottom-Boards, etc.

I began the season of 1889 with 26 colo-
nies, 9 of which were in poor condition.
May was so cold I do not think that the
bees had over 30 hours in the whole month,
that they could fly and gather honey. It
seemed too bad to see the woods so white
with wild fruit-blossoms, and no bees at
work. But finally the weather became
warmer, the white clover came on, and I
think that I may safely say there %vas 500
acres within easy reach of my bees. In
July the basswood bloomed ; I live on a
stream with a great amount of basswood
timber, which bloomed profusely, and the

Arranging Hives in tlie Cellar.

My bees did fairly well the past summer.
I had 30 colonies, good and indifferent, to
start with in the spring, and they stored
an average of 65 pounds of honey per
colony, mostly in the comb. I put 40 colo-
nies in the cellar in pretty good condition.
I place the hives one foot from the floor,
and tier them as high as the room will per-
mit; take off the cover and put on a quQt,
and place across the back of the hive a
piece of lath as long as the hive is wide,
outside measure, putting this cross-piece on
top of the. quilt. I put the ne.xt hive on
this, and so on to the top, leaving the cover
on the last one. I leave the entrance open
the full size, and elevate the rear of the
hive; this gives plenty of ventilation, and
my bees have not been bothered with bee-
dian-hea since adopting this plan.

H. J. SCOLES.

KnoxviUe, Iowa, Jan. 11, 1890.

76

Tmm MM®mi©Mif mmm jommmmiL,.

Hatclain^ Bees— IVIiite Clover.

I have 20 colonies o£ bees packed in saw-
dust, all wintering finely. They have been
at work for six weeks, carrying in pollen,
getting it at the mill which is near by. Till
the last week, the bees have been at work
on the natural bloom, and they are hatch-
ing young bees by the scores. I send you a
sample of bloom that my bees are at work
on this morning — five or six bees to each
blossom. They are at work on the maples,
and we have peach, strawberry, and quite
a variety of wild bloom in the woods. I
think that this is hard to beat for January.
If it staj-s warm a few daj-s longer, grass
will be long enough for thecows to get hold
of. We have the finest stand of white
clover that I ever saw. I had a lively time
with bees last spring; I am running a
blacksmith shop, post-office, and farming
some, so when I have two or three swarms
of bees in the air, a mail to change, and a
horse to shoe, all at the same time, it is
tolerably interesting; but with all this
work to do, I always have found time to
read the Bee Jourxal; I would rather read
it than ony other paper that comes to the
office. Joseph A. Weeks.

Young's Creek, Ind., Jan. 12, 1890.

nioomins Pear-Xrees— Floods.

Bees gathered pollen on Jan. 11. They
must have secured it from soft maple. We
had peach-trees and the Japanese pear-
trees in bloom, and it seemed that everj'-
thiug was going to bloom, but a small frost
now and then will check it some. There is
plenty of rain, and high water, the bottoms
being flooded from hillside to hillside. Our
winter is mild. Bees are wintering well,
and there is a fine prospect for a good
clover crop. We had only half a crop of
honey the past season, the cause being too
much rain and bad weather. We expect a
better sea.son this year. Louis Wekner.

Edwardsville, Ills., Jan. 15, 1890.

No youue: Bees in tlie Hives.

I have 103 colonies in the cellar, put in
on Nov. 25, 1889. I have not seen the
mercury higher than 52 degrees in the
cellar; although the weather has been quite
warm and spring-like niost of the time, they
have kept quiet. I never saw so few dead
bees before ; I think the reason is, that they
moved and bred so little during October.
It will be a good test of going into winter
quarters with no very young bees— prob-
ably with none that had not taken a flight.
Now the question is, will they live long
enough to rear a good lot of bees in the
spring, or not. Bees out-doors are breed-
ing quite a good deal. G. H. Ashby

Albion, N. Y., Jan. 10, 1890.

Hive tor Seciirins CombJHouey.

I used hives last season with square tops
11 inches wide, which held eight Simplicity
brood-frames, spaced I'V inches from cen-
ter to center, which come flush with the top
of the hive— and a loose bottom-board.
When the honey season was at hand, I
placed a wood-and-zinc honey-board over
the brood-frames, which has a bee-space on
both sides ; over the honey-board I place a
24-section T-super, with a bee-space above
the sections. I use a plain board for a
cover. The T-supers are made of %-inch
lumber. As these T-supers form the upper
stories, there need be no outer case or upper
stories; which will allow the T-supers to be
tiered up two or more high. As we had a
poor season for honey, I did not tier more
than two supers high, which seems to be
about right for a medium-sized colony.

I will now name certain parts of hives
that ought to, and will, be laid on the shelf,
as honey-producing goes into the hands of
extensive bee-keepers and specialists ; that
is, I think it will be so, on account of the
very low price of honey, which calls for a
handy hive— a hive that we can handle the
crop with the least labor and time, as time
lost is money lost. First, is the portico
hives— I know whereof I speak, as father
used them for seven or eight years, when I
was a boy at home; second, the wide
frame; third, the open-side sections: fourth,
the tight bottom-boards; and fifth, the
hives that do not take a standard brood-
frame. C. A. BuNcn.

Nye, Ind.

Kesiilts of the Past Season.

I winter my bees in a cave made pur-
posely for the bees. Last spring I took out
9 colonies out of 10, in good condition. I
increased them to 20, and they produced
between .S75 and .$80 worth of honey, com-
puting it at 10 cents per pound, as that is
all we can get here for good comb honey in
one-pound sections; but in such seasons as
the last, bees will pay well for their keep-
ing. I farmed 120 acres andonly cared for
my bees during odd spells; I might have
done better with them, had I given them
proper care. Johx Oliva.

Blairstown, Iowa, Jan. 14, 1890.

Poor Crop is tlie Result.

The weather has been very fine untU this
morning, and now we are in a heavy snow-
storm. I began the season of 1889 with 16
colonies, increased them, by natural swarm-
ing, to 33 colonies, and obtained about 400
pounds of comb honey. I could not attend
to my bees, and the result is a poor crop.
The honey is from wood-sage, fig-wort,
wild-cucumber, buckbush, and buckwheat.
Bees worked on golden-rod but a few days.
We had honey-dew only once, and that was
in August. I have 17 colonies in the cellar,
and Ifi on the summer stands, all of which
are doing well. My work with bees in this
part of the country is an experiment, and
I cannot tell yet whether it will be profit-
able or not. My father, long ago, used to
keep about 40 colonies in the bee-gums in
Shelby county. Ills. ; but we always had
plenty of honey from basswood. No bee-
keeper can afford to do without some re-
liable bee-literature. I often obtain from
one copy of the American Bee Journal,
what the whole 52 copies cost me.

G. W. Hanson.

Chapman, Kans., Jan. 12, 1890.

Bee-Keeping: in YVyoniing-.

I started in the spring of 1889 with 3
colonies, bought 2 more, increased them to
12 colonies, but lost one that was queen-
less, though I sent for a queen, and my or-
der was overlooked, until it was too late to
fill ; so I was out a No. 1 colony, that was
worth .¥15 in this part of the country. I
got about 160 pounds of comb honey in
one-pound sections, which brings a good
price here. My bees gathered honey from
alfalfa, which I consider an excellent
honey-plant, though quite likely it fails in
some localities, the same as golden-rod, as
that is 'of no use here, for it blooms too
late. My bees are in the cellar, and are
doing finely. We are having very cold
weather, though not much snow. I use the
Langstroth 8 and 10 frame hive, with
loose bottom-boards, which I find is more
handy. One can clean out the hives more
quickly, and save the bees that much work,
which is quite a job sometimes for the bees,
when the hives are badly choked with dead

and moldy bees. I could not do without
the American Bee Journai,, and consider
it a valuable paper for all beginners in
bee-keeping, as well as for the more ex-
perienced. Tiios. B. Brundage.
Sheridan, Wyo.Ter., Jan. 13, 1890.

Convention I%otices.

ly- The spring meeting of tbe Northern Illinois
■'^JC^fi^Pers Association, will meet at the residence
01 D. A. fuller, in Cherry Valley. Ills., on May 19th,
1°^* D. A. Fuller, Sec.

ty TheOhio State Bee-Keepers' Association will
te held in Cleveland. O., on Wednesday and Thurs-
day. Feb. 19 and 20, 1890.
Miss Dema Benkett, Sec. and Trias., Bedford, O.

jy The Northeastern Ohio. Northwestern Penn-
sylvania, and Western New York Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation, will meet in joint session with the Ohio
btate Bee-Keepers' Association, in Cleveland, O.. on
Feb. 19 and -Hi, 1890. Geo. Spitlek. Sec.

OS^ The Northeastern Michigan Bee-Keeper' As-
sociation will hold its eiKhth annual meeting on
Wednesday. Feb. .5, 1890. in the Council Rooms, in
the Fire Engine House, at Laoeer. Mich. The first
session begins at 10:30 a.m. how rates at the hotel.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Sec.

JS- The _21st annual meeting of the New York
State Bee-Keepers' Associai ion will be held in the
Court House at Rochester. N. Y., on Feb, .i. fi, and 7
18911. lleduced rates will be given at hotels and on
all principal railroads. The programme and full
particulars will appear in due time. Each county
association is requested to send two or more dele-
gates. G. U. Knickerbocker. Sec.

t^^The Wisconsin State Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, will hold its Sixth Annual Meeting in the Capi-
tol, at Madison, Wis..-WEDNESDAY, Feb. .i, 1890.
Complete programme of the Convention will be duly
mailed to the prominent bee-keepers of the State.
A large attendance of bee keepers is anticipated, as
the farmers' meeting takes place the same week,
we hope, also, to have a Honey Fair during the
meeting. Premiums have been offered for the best
display, and of samples of extracted and comb
honey. Send to the Secretary for a premium list.
Mr. A. I. Root is expected to be present at the meet-
ing. Dr. J. w. Vance, Sec-, Madison, Wis.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

CHICAGO, Jan. 22.— We quote: White clo-
ver 1-lbs., llH®12'/5c.; 2-lhs., 10@llc. Bass-
wood 1-lbs., 10'4@llc. Buckwheat 1-lbs., 8®
0c. Extracted, 6 '/j@7 Ho. Beeswax — brig-ht.
23®26c.; dark, 23@24c.

S. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, Jan. 21.— Demand light and
prices lower. Ver.v fancy 1-lbs., 12 in a crate,
13c.; grood white 1-Ibs.. 12@12'/2C.: dark 1-lbs.
and 2-lbs.. 8@10c.; white 2-lbs., ll@.12c. Ex-
tracted, white, 6ffii7c. ; dark, 5@(ic.

HAMBLIN & BEARSS, 514 Walnut St.

CHICAGO, Jan. 8.— Sales are light, at 12®
13c. for white 1-lbs.; dark, 8@10c. Extracted
dull at 6@7c. for dark, 7®8c. for fancy white.
Beeswax, prime, 25c.

R. A. BURNETT, 161 S. Water St.

DETROIT, Jan. 24.— Comb honey is quoted
at 12®14c. Sales slow. Extracted, 7@8c.—
Beeswax, 24c.

M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.

BOSTON, Jan. 9.— Best 1 lbs., IGc: best 3
lbs., 15c. Extracted, 7®9c. Beeswsix, 23c.
Trade is dull.

BLAKE & EIPLEY, 57 Chatham St.

CINCINNATI, Jan. 8.— The very mild winter
apparentl.r has a depressing effect on the
honey market, more especially on comb honey
Best white is offered at 14®16c., but conces-
sions have to be made to effect sales. There is
a fair demand for extracted at 5@8e.

Beeswax is in good demand at 20@22e. for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH & SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

Clubs for anything in our Premium
List may be for either of our Journals, or
for any number of either or both of them.

TMis M'mmmicMm mum j&xjwmxs^.

77

> — ■' — ■'—- — - — * — - — -■■»' — '~ ^af *^»»*^»»*i^*^«»«ai««>*«

injrani^

AL.FRED H. NEWBIAI^,

BnSINESS MANAGER.

xxsintss lloticies.

IJ.3J ■ Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should notify us at once.

I^" Money in Potatoes, by Mr. Joseph
Greiner. Price, 25 cents, postpaid. For sale
at this office.

U^" Send us one i^EW subscriber, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

J^" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

1^'" "We have some full sets of the Bee
Journal for 1889, and new subscribers can
have the full sets for 1889 and 1890 for
$1.80 until all are gone.

J^" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this oflBce at 25 cents per ounce, by express.

P^ The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

1^" Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

^^^ As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write A^merican Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
•save confusion and delay.

I^f" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices ;

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

" 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 25

•' 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

13^ When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
■commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book,
■by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

US'" We oflCer the Monthly Philadelphia
Farm Journal, and either the American
Bee Journal or Illustrated Home Jour-
nal for one year, for the small sum of $1 . 20.
Or, we will give it free for one year to any
one who will send us one new subscriber for
either of our Journals with $1.00 (the sub-
scription price) .

C'l.lJIIUINCi I^ISX.

We Club tlie Americam, Bee Jowmal
for a year, witli any of the following papers
or book.s, at the jirices quoted In the EASX
column. The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:

Price ol both. Oluli
The American Bee Journal 1 00 . . .

and Gleanings in Bee-Culture 2 00..

Bee-Keepers' Guide 1 50..

Bee-Keepere' Review 1 50. .

The Apiculturist 1 75..

Bee-Keepers' Advance 1 50..

Canadian Bee Journal 2 00. .

The 7 above-named papers 525..

95.00 EiK-yclopj'disi.— The work is
almost as large as Webster's Dictionary, 4
inches thick, weighs over 5 pounds, and
occupies over 300 cubic inches of sjjace. It
is handsomely bound in English cloth,
double spring back, gilt side and back
stamp, marble edges, beveled boards, and
contains over 100 illustrations. It is pub-

and Langstroth Revised (Dadant),
Cook's Manual (1887 edition)
Doolittle on Queen-Rearing..
Bees and Honey (Newman). ..
Binder for Am. Bee Journal. .
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth) . . ,
Boot's A B C of Bee-Culture. ,

Farmer's Account Book

Western World Guide

Heddon's book, "Success,"..

A Year Among the Bees

Convention Hand-Book

Weekly Inter-Ocean

Toronto Globe (weekly)

History of National Society.
American Poultry .Tournal. .
Quinby's New Bee-Keeping. . .

3 00.
225..
2 00.

2 00.
160.

3 00.
2 25.

4 00.
150.
150.
175.
150.
2 00.
,2 00.

150.
,2 25.
2 50.

Do not send to us for sample copies
of any other papers. Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.

2 75
2 00

175
175
150
2 00
2 10
2 20
130
1 40
150
130
175
170
125
150
, 2 25

A New Method of Treating Disease.

HOSPITAL REMEDIES.

What are they? There is anew departure
in the treatment of disease. It consists in
the collection of the specifics used by noted
specialists of Europe and America, and
bringing them within the reach of all. For
instance, the treatment pursued by special
physicians who treat indigestion, stomach
and liver troubles only, was obtained and
prepared. The treatment of other physi-
cians, celebrated for curing catarrh, was
procured, and so on till these incomparable
cures now include disease of the lungs,
kidneys, female weakness, rheumatism and
nervous debility.

This new method of "one remedy for one
disease " must appeal to the common-sense
of all suflerers, many of whom have experi-
enced the ill effects, and thoroughly realize
the absurdity of the claims of Patent
Medicines which are guaranteed to cure
every ill out of a single bottle, and the use
of which, as statistics prove, has riimed
more stoinachs than alcohol. A circular
describing these new remedies is sent free
on receipt of stamp to pay postage, by
Hospital Remedy Company, Toronto, Can-
ada, sole proprietors.

51D26t Imly.

Our Clnbiu? list.— We have now made

arrangements with publishers of metropolitan

Weekly Newspapers, by which we can club

them at the very low prices quoted in the

I^AST column, without premiums. The regu

lar price of both is given in the first column

One year's subscription for this Journal

must be sent with each order for another

paper : „ > ^ .^

Price of both.

Chicago Inter-Ocean $2.00

Chicago Times 2.00

ChieagoGlobe 2.00

Chicago News 2.00

Chicago Herald 2.00

Philadelphia Practical Farmer 2.00

New York World 2.00

Toledo Blade 2.00

lished at $5.00 per volume, which is very
low in comparison with standard current
prices on other works.

It treats of every characteristic, both the
good and the bad, of the various types of
man and woman, and proposes to tell most
people more about their fellow-men than
they ever dreamed it possible to find out.

We will club it with this Journal for
$2.10, postpaid.

Or we will present it as a Premium for 5
new subscribers to either Journal, with
$5.00 to pay for the subscriptions.

This is an opportunity of a lifetime — a
rare chance to get a very valuable book
free. The postage alone costs 30 cents.

giduertxsemeixts.

(P -1 pr A Ke versible 8 - Frame liangs

5A3t

trotli BEE-HIVE.

J. B, WILCOX, Manistee, Mich.

BEESWAX WANTED.

BeesTvax.— We wiU pay 33 cents per

pound, in Cash, for Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
ered here.

I^" To avoid mistakes, the name of the
shipper should always be on each package.

THOS. G. NEWIOAN & -SON,

Club.

$1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75

246 East Madison Street.

CHICAGO. HiM.

WmflEftsSECRETSWiTmii'

^P^»D^B<

BEAUTIFUL

iook. frlee, h; nail, oalj 3S Cnta.
CharlcH Dlek%.ii8* Oomplete Workit, mailed for $1.00
Wftverly NoveN, by Waltvr8cott,35VeU., only 1.60
Mammoth fyclopodla, 4 VoIumeH, 81 TO Pasee, 1.00
61.00 Boobs at SrU. each; 20 for 50 ct*; 50 for 1.00
E?9CC ■* '*'"S^ number of useful articles can be obtained fre«
B flClB 'or a very little work, these Include Bicyctea, Sewing
Uncbioes, Crockery, Watches, Clocks. Accordeooa, Harmonlofti,
PUotograpb OutHta, all Books, Papers, Magazlnea, &o. ICK^pM*
Carn'-eue and copy of Paper with beaitiful EnKravingt, leotfor
10 Cts. Address THE WESTERN (VOBLD,CUaaffO.UL

TM.m mwMmmi^Mm mmn jQ'Wmmmi^.

78

»«»«i*i**^<

Glover Seeds!

We can promptly furnish any quantity of
White, Alsilje, or Sweet Clover Seed at the fol-
lowing prices, which include sacks and cart-
acre;

1VHITE CliOVER.

Per bushel (60 lbs.) S15 00

Per peck (13 lbs.) 2 '5

Per pound ^^

AliSIKE CLOVER.

Per bushel (60 lbs.)

Per peck <15 lbs.)

Per pound

.$8 00
2 2.=i

SWEET C1.0VEK.

Per bushel (60 lbs.) $6 00

Per peck (13 lbs.) 1 '5

Per pound -"

When ordered by mail add 10 cts. per pound
for postage.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILLS.

2,100 DOZEN

TTTANTED— A position in an Apiary. I con-
Vt trol and prevent Swarming, as desired.
Satisfaction guaranteed. Address,
Wesley Duff, care of American Bee Journal,
5A2t 246 East Madison-St. - CHICAGO, ILLS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

(Established in 1864).

REMOVED *™m coburg to Red Oak, Iowa

wlierf we now have the most extensive steam-
power Factory in the West used exclusively
for the manufacture of

DFF-suppLiES.":sr

^^ Ih !■ W^ furnish Everything needed
in the Apiary, of practical con-
struction, and at the low^est price. Satisfac-
tion guaranteed. Send for our -iO-page illus-
trated Catalogue— free to all. Address.

E. Hretclinier, Red Oak, Iowa.

5A9t<— 14E9t

Mention the American Bee Journal.

S,100 Dozen pairs L.tiI

fine ball and Winter Hum^

f;iven absolutely free to ml

cilice tlie Household I'oniim

iiHi. They are heavy, wjh

^vell made, fashionable, sulid

coIoi-R, stripes, checks, all tlie

nopulavshadesoordliiHl, imvy

blue. Hciil brown, bliifU.Nlnte

tail, in tact style and colors to

•;nit all tasles. Don't pay R5 to

t5ft(». forpairof FallandWin-

terhuse wlienyou can get a dozen

for nothing. The old reliable

lloiineliuld Companion, oC New

Vt.rk.is a complete family paper

rU'lilj Illustrated, containing

^eiial and short stories, romances,

'^ketchf s, wit, humor, fashion, house-

Liold liints.storiesf or children. (S:c.,&

■ranks among the first Metropolilati

Journals. Positively the entire lot

[;2,l(tO doz.)to be given away during the
next 60 days. We also send the House*
hold C'onipunlon 6inoath-4 free to 2,100
P'^rsoiis wlio will answer this advertise
ment and send ustheaddressof aOnews-
l'nper readers from dilTei>iit families.
1 o tlieclubraiser.or the list or -.^O subscrib-
ers we send \ dozen pairs of these beauti-
ful and useful articles. We are determined
to lead the race in premiums, hence
this liberal inducement. It isacolos-

^alolferand willnotappearaerain. If

^■ou want a dozen fashionable, fine hosiery Bend 15cts.
in silver or stamps, to help pay postage, packinpr,&c., and
iiamesofSOnewspaperreaaers.and you will receive paper
0 months and the premium hose as described. Address,
lEou^'-i'^M Companion} 357 Broadway, N. Y
5-A.2t „ ^ ,

Mention tlie American Bee Journal.

PATENTS !

PATENTS, Caveats, and Trade-Marks pro-
cured. Rejected Applications Revived and
Prosecuted. Ali business before the U. S.
Patent Office promptly attended to for mod-
erate fees, and no charge made unless Patent
is secured. Send for "INVENTOR'S GUIDE."
FRANKIilN H. HOl'GH,
31Ctf WASHINGTON. D. C.

' sy^f^Avkfj^'roqiS &/uPPUE^

Eaton's Improved
SKCriO.^' -«-"ASE,
BEES & yUEENS. Send
for tree cataloguu. Address

Frank \. Fatoii,
IDtf Bluffton, Ohio.

Mention the American Bee Jounuil.

PATENTS

THOS. r. SIMPSON, Washington
D. C. No ally's fee until Patent ob
tained. Write lor laventors Guide

THE

Western Farmer & Stockman

SIOUX CITY, IOWA.

The best and brightest Farm Journal pub-
lished in the West. Subscription price, 50 cts.

Send 25 cts. and tlie names of 10 fann-
ers, and It will be sent you 1 yef >••

Sample copies free. 4JC Jt

Mention the American Bee Journal.

YOUK NAME on this New I Q nfci
Pen and Pencil St.\mp only -L<-' <-» l<>3»

OUR LATEST INVENTION

, %HEN CLOSED 19
SIZE OF COMMON
» ADDRESS ^'ViAi-/ PENCIL

;tW Club of 3 to one address (names all
different) 50 cents; Club of 7, $,1.

LtOuU Rich &■ Co.,

5Clt-2Mlt RICHMOND, VA.

Mention the American Bee Jouriial.

Moition the American Bee Journal.

51D13t . „ T

Mention the American Bee Journal.

STi/irpiAl^^ $3.00 per 1,000. Foundation,
Lvl IwlliJ Alsilie Clover Seed and Japanese
Buckwheat, cheap as the cheapest. Spec-
ial prices to dealers. Send for our free
PRICE LIST. M. H. HUNT,
IDtf BELL BRANCH, MICH.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

CARNIOliAN QUEENS!

The copartnership of Andrews & Lockhart
Is now DISSOLVED, and the senior partner
will give his entire time ne.\t season to the
breeding of Carnlolan Queens and Bees,
and will sell, after June 1, 1890, Untested
Queens atSl.OO each; Tested, $2.00 each; those
carried through the winter, at the loth of May
(and are Tested) $2. .50 each.

p<g~ Circulars will be out about Feb. 1, 1890.
JOHN ANDRBWS,

51Dtf PATTEN'S MILLS, Wash. Co., N. T
Mention the American Bee Journal.

J. FORNCROOK & CO.,

MANUFACTURERS OP THE

"BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTIONS,

WILL furnish you, the coming season, ONE
PIKCB SECTIONS, siinil-papered on both sides
—as cheap lis the cheapest, and better than the best.
t^ Write for prices.
Watertown, Wis.. Jan. 1, 1890. ICly

Mention the American Bee Journal.

HEAD - QUARTERS IN THE SOUTH.

FACTORY OF

BEE HIVES, &;C.

Early Nuclei & Italian Queens.

l^~ Tenth annual Catalogue now ready.
.■iCtf P ATTI. I.. VI AttON, Bayou Goula, La.

Western BEE-KEEPERS' Supply Factory.

BRIGHT ITALIAN Bees and Queens,
Bee-Hives, Sections, Foundation, etc.
ISAly H. H. EUETER, Baxter Springs, Kan.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

Barnes' Foot-Power Machinery.

Read what J. I. Parent, ot
CeARLTON,N.Y.,Bay8— "We
cut with one of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter
60 chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
100 honey-racks, 5ik.» broad
frames, 2.000 honey-boxes
and a trreal deal of other
work. This winter we have
double the amount of bee-
hives, etc., to make and we
expect todoltwiththlsSaw.
11 will do all you say itwlli."
Catalogue and Price - List

Free. Address, W . F. & JOHN BARNES,

45Ctf No. 196 RubySt., Rockford, 111.

Mention the American Bee Journal

We manufacmre Bee- Keepers' ^^^
plie« of all kinds, best qualily at
lowest prices. Hives, Sections.
Foundatiou. Extractors, Smokers,
Crates, Veils, Feeders, Clover
Seeds, Bucltwheat, eto. Im-
ported Italian tJueeDS.
Oneens and Bees. SamplB
(npv of our Bee Journal,
"The Western Bee-Keepcr,"
and late»t Cataloeue mailed
Free to Bee- Keepers. Address
JOSEPH NT8EWANDEB.
UE8 MOrttES. IOWA.

Bee -Hives, Sections, &c.

On and after Feb. 1, 1890, we will sell our
No 1 V-eroove Sections in lots of 500 as fol-
lows- Less than 2,000 at S3. 50 per thousand;
2 000 to 5,000 at $3.00 per thousand. Write
for special prices on larger quantities. No. 2
Sections $2.00 per thousand. Send for Pnce-
List for other Supplies. Address,

J. STAUFFER A: SONS,
(Successors to B. J. Miller & Co.)

31Atf NAPPANEE, IND,

SrUlkV C packets of my choicest Flower Seeds
iJl/LUiJ lOc, Beautiful Catalogue free. F. B.
MILLS, Thorn Hill, N. Y. lM4t lC4t

Devoted to Fanciers and
Farmers' poultry. It helps
you malie your poultry pay
big profits. 50 cents a yr.
Every farmemeeds it.
L.O. Fults,JeffersonTiUe,0
Sample copy FREE.

3D4t

Mention tfte American Bee Journal.

TMW MMBRICMK mmW JOURKAIU.

83

EDITOR.

Vol. mi. FeD. 8,18

No. 6,

Xlie Election of Oflicers for the

National Bee-Keepers' Union closed on Jan.
31, 1890, and resulted as follows: There
"were 207 ballots cast, and they figure up
thus:

For President — James Heddon, 154;
scattering, 44; blank, 9.

For Vice-Presidents— G. M. Doolittle,
176 ; Prof. A. J. Cook, 172 ; G. W. Demaree,
162; A. I. Root, 176; Dr. C. C. Miller, 178;
scattering, 115; blank, 66.

For Oeneral Manarjer, Secretary and
Treasurer — Thomas G. Newman, 202 ;
blank, 5.

The old officers are therefore elected by
an overwhelming majority. It is a very
flattering endorsement for the General
Manager that not a single vote was re-
corded for another person. There were 5
blanks, but 4 of these supposed that the
voting closed on the first day of January,
instead of the last day. All that the Mana-
ger can say is, that according to the meas-
ure of strength allotted to him, he will do
his best to maintain the present satisfactory
position of the Union. While no one can
reasonably expect to win every suit, yet
he will strive to have the defeats as few as
possible— so far, there are none to record,
of any finished case. What the future has
in store for the Union, no one can now tell.

The apathy so far manifested by bee-
keepers, is the only thing discouraging.
There ought to be ten thousand members
instead of only three hundred, more or less.
The work done by the General Manager
has taken much time, thought and energy—
but it has been cheerfully given to this
great cause, because no funds have been
available to pay for the labor. Whenever
there are funds in hand to pay for it, then
he will insist upon being relieved— until
then, he will do his best to defend the pur-
suit as required by the Constitution of the
Union.

One in SI 'I'liunsnnd. — The Union
has about HOO members, and there are
about 300,000 bee-keepers in North Amer-
ica— that is one in a thousand for the
Union! The following from the Amcr I call,
Rural Ho)nc shows the situation of affairs
very forciblj' :

The annual rei)ort of the Manager of the
Bee-Keepers' Union is again out, and shows
that the Union is doing much good by the
way of protecting bee-keepers from the
jealous attacks of those who suppose that
the "little bus}' bee " has nothing to do ex-
cept to "eat young ducks and peaches."

The report also shows that not a single
case which the Union has defended has
been lost, which is an almost unheard of
precedent. This is largely due to the wis-
dom shown by the Manager, for he does
not undertake to defend any suits where
only personal spites or feelings are the
motives, but only where the interests of
the fraternity as a whole are at stake.

Yet, however encouraging the above
may appear, it is a singular fact, that only
about 300 of our 300,000 bee-keepers of
North America, have interest enough in the
matter to pay the SI fee demanded of them
annually, to help carry on this good work
of protecting our interest, and enlighten-
ing the public generally, regarding the im-
portant place our pursuit occupies among
the agricultural interests of the world.

The great purpose in the creation of the
bee was the fertilization of flowers, so that
all plants and trees whose flowers were not
self-fertilizing, might become productive,
and yet there are many persons, who have
the bees only to thank for their bountiful
harvests, who are so silly as to believe that
they are only like "a roaring lion going
about seeking whom they may devour."

The Union is doing much to drive away
this fog and superstition, and the bee-
keeper who neglects or refuses to come to
its aid by joining the same, is standing in
his " own light," and showing a narrowness
of mind not justifiable in any one.

Xlie Speed ot Bees. — Quite fre-
quently we hear of experiments being
made, to endeavor to find out just how
fast bees fly— as well as how far they go in
search of nectar. All such experiments are
interesting, and often not unprofitable, as
they serve to awaken a greater interest in
the "busy bee," aside from its honey-
gathering ability. The testimony of an
English engineer, regarding the speed of a
bumble-bee, is given in the following para-
graph:

Some years ago, in England, I was out
on an engine that we had rebuilt, during
her trial trip. A bumble-bee took a fancy
to investigate us, and after looking us all
over on all sides, it began making a circle
around the smoke-stack, varying from one
foot to three feet from it. It seemed to do
it with the greatest ease, for several min-
utes, and then left us, to find itself six or
eight miles from where it joined us. We
were going close on to sixty mUes an hour.
How fast was the bee going, when circling
around the smoke-stack?

Aniongf the many who have been af-
flicted during the past month of general
tribulation, we may mention our friend J.
W. Sanders, ot Le Grand, Iowa— his whole
family having been quite severely afllicted
— but all are now hoped tobe out of danger.

Vlie Intemallonsil Bee-Association
should be a rei)iesentative body. That was
the intention of the committee when pre-
senting the now Constitution and By-Laws,
This we have advocated in the Amekk ax
Bee Jouunai. at every opijortunitj', and we
hope ere long to see all the advantages of a

' thoroughly organized representative body
fully realized. We commend to the atten-
tion of all, the following very pertinent

, remarks of Mr. R. McKnight, of Owen
Sound, Ont. :

The history of the International, so far,
shows that it is only such in name. A short
time ago Canadian bee-keepers were almost
ruled out, when its business matters came
in question, and justly so, for Canada
could only show two hands on a vote ; but
time works its changes, and to-day Canada
takes the most prominent place on its mem-
bership roll — numbering four to one as
against the States. Next year I suppose
all this will be changed, and Illinois will
"rule the roost."

As long as this state of things go on, the
International cannot be what it ought to
be — the great representative body of the
industry in North America — an industry
that has made striking jirogress in recent
years. It is useful in its way, as now con-
stituted, but its present usefulness is noth-
ing, as compared with what it ought to be,
and what it might be.

Its comparative lack of usefulness is not
to be looked tor in its Constitution, for this
requires few if any amendments. There is
in it all that is needed to make the Associa-
tion a felt power in the land. Not until the
Association becomes the recognized federal
head of the bee-keeping commonwealth of
America, will it have attained to the posi-
tion it ought to occupy, and this can never
be, until the State associations take advan-
tage of the provisions of its Constitution,
and become affiliated — send their delegates
to its meetings, carrying with them the
wants and the wishes of those they repre-
sent, and their suggestions respecting con-
certed action in matters affecting the gen-
eral interests of the fraternity. There is a
work the International can do, and a work
it ought to do, that no sectional association
can accomplish. It might as well never
have been called into being, if it fails in be-
coming a representative body.

R. McKnight.

"Concert of action" and a "union of
effort " will work (lood for the pursuit in
general, and we commend the remarks of
Mr. McKnight to all who are interested in
the welfare of the International, and its
destined work and ultimate accomplish-
ments.

We«' <"^!ilalog;'nes and Price-Lists for
1890 are received from —

E. L. Pratt, Marlboro, Mass. — 5 pages^
Carniolan Queens.

W. E. Clark, Oriskany, N. Y.— 26 pages—
Bee-Keepers' Supplies.

W. J. Row, Greensbui-g, Pa. — 13 pages —
Queens, Bees, Hives, etc.

H. D. Davis & Co., Bradford, Vt.— 10
pages — Hives and Supplies.

American Manufactming Co., Buffalo,
N. Y. — 18 pages— Poultry Supplies.

John Nebel & Son, High HUl, Mo.— 16
pages — Bees, and Bee-Keepers' Supples.

Clubs of 5 for $4.00, to any addi-esses.
Ten for $7.50, if all are sent at one time.

84

'rmm m^nummi^mm mmM j^^mmmi^.

Xlie Soiitliweistern Wisconsin

Bee-Keepers' Association was organized on
Jan. 15, 1890. Mr. Edwin Pike, of Bosco-
iel, Wis., the President of the new associa-
tion, has this to say about it, dated Jan. 23 :

I send the proceedings of our new bee-
keepers organization. We have a goodly
number to start with, and many more will
join us. We hope to prove ourselves a
credit and a help to the International, so
that this industry shall be based on a foun-
dation that will prove due recognizance
with all other industries. Bee-keeping is
now one of the pursuits that draws more
attention here than almost anything else,
from the fact that where five years ago
there were only 3 or -t bee-keepers, now
there are more than twenty. Such a show-
ing gives the industry stability. I intend
to encourage the Bee-Keepers' Union with
our members all I can. Edwin Pike.

The following is a condensed report of
the proceedings referred to by Mr. Pike,
taken from the Boscobel Dial:

The bee-keepers organization was per-
fected on Jan. 15, 1890. Quite a number
of our most prominent bee-keepers were
present. The organization, the " South-
western Bee-Keepers' Association," was
perfected by electing the following of33cers
for the ensuing year: President, Edwin
Pike, of Boscobel ; Secretary, Benj. E. Rice,
of Boscobel ; and Treasurer, H. Evins, of
Wauzeka.

It was decided that the association
affiliate with with the International Ameri-
can Bee-Association, and that a delegate
be sent to represent the new society, and
that the expenses of the same be defrayed
by the affiliating society.

The dues were placed at SI. 00 per year
for each member, excepting ladies, who are
to be admitted free.

} Among the topics discussed were these :
" Different varietiesof honey," " Bee-house
ventilation," " Feeding bees in winter,"
and " Italian i)S. black bees on red clover."
d It was decided that the next regular
meeting of the association be held in Bos-
cobel, on Thursday, May 1, 1890, beginning
at 10:30 a.m.

The following letter, addressed to the
President, Mr. Edwin Pike, explains itself:

I am in receipt of J'our favor of Jan. 15,
enclosing S5.00 for the affiliation fee of the
Southwestern Wisconsin Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation, and I heartily congratulate you
upon this step. If I am not mistaken, this
is the first association, outside of the On-
tario Bee-Keepers' Association, that has
yet been affiliated with the International.

I wiU remind you that this entitles you to
the ex-offlcio vice-presidentship of the In-
ternational, as president of an affiliated
society. C. P. Dadant, Sec.

Silo and Silaare, by Prof. A. J. Cook,
of Agricultural College, Mich., is the title
of a pamphlet of 44 pages, lately issued. It
contains a plain statement of the method
adopted and in successful operation at the
College. The Professor says: " My silo
has been a surprising success, and in this
little brochure I shall teU in a plain, simple
■way, how I grow the corn, build my silo,
fill and cover it, and feed the silage."
Every farmer should read it. Price 25
cents. For sale at this office.

Preiuinnis on Fair Exliitoifs.—

The importance of moving early in the
matter of securing proper recognition and
offers of premiums on products of the api-
ary at fairs, is often overlooked by bee-
keepers who usually, in other things con-
nected with the pursuit, are really wide-
awake. It is, no doubt, true that apiarists
themselves are much to blame for not be-
ing better represented in the premium-lists
prepared for the various fairs throughout
the country, which are held every autumn.
Mrs. L. Harrison, in her inimitably vigor-
ous style, recently gave the following ex-
cellent suggestions in regard to the subject
in the Prairie Farmer:

Bee-keepers complain that fairs do not
give our industry the encouragement that
it demands. On the other hand, the officers
of these associations retaliate by saying :
"It's their own fault." This is no doubt
true. We wait until the premium-lists are
printed, or the fair is in session, and then
set up a "howl." The time to do the "bark-
ing" is now; and "bark up the right tree,"
if we expect to catch "the coon." Make
out a good premium-list, and send it to the
Superintendent of Farm Products, together
with a respectful letter, and request him to
bring it before the Board at their meeting.
Proceed in this way, and show that we are
not ashamed of our calling, and demand
justice at State, county or district fairs,
if we do not "put up," we should "shut
up."

Xop-Bars, Hive-Entrances and

" Colony."— PhUo S. Dilworth, Bonney,
Pa., writes thus on these subjects :

I wish to unite in the popular clamor for
increased thickness of top-bars of brood-
frames. I desire them to be made at least
?^ of an inch thick, on account of sagging.
I have no doubt that increased thickness
will help the burr-comb nuisance. I find
bun'-combs where the frames have sagged.
The present width of the top-bars, %-inch,
suits me very well. I am satisfied to have
the width of the top-bars increased beyond
one inch. For the present, I prefer the
width to remain % of an inch, but increase
the thickness to % of an inch.

The entrances of all chaff hives, or any
other kind of hives should have the full
width of the brood-chamber. I lost money
last summer by using chaff hives with the
"regulation" entrance, Jj by 8 inches.
As soon as the colonies would get strong
enough to go into the supers, they would
fret about the entrance, and swarm. Colo-
nies that have entrances the full width of
the brood-chamber, worked in the supers.

I want to protest against the word "col-
ony" as applied to bees. A colony of peo-
ple is a number of families in a settlement.
A hive of bees is one family of bees in a
small house, hive or box. The queen is a
widow — the father is dead. True, there are
a lot of old " bachelor " drones liviug in the
same house, but still it is but one family.
A number of these families, or hives, of
bees in a yard or settlement, would be a
colony, commonly called an "apiary."

PniLO S. Dilworth.

A "hive" is a box or house in which
bees reside. The word "colony" is not
quite to our liking, but it is preferable to
" hive." Webster says a colony is " a com-
pany of people transplanted to a remote
province." To colonize is "to remove and
settle in a distant country." Webster's

second definition of a colony is a "settle-
ment"— that is, an off-shoot from the
mother country. A " swarm " of bees, (that
is, an off -shoot from the parent colony),
seeks a new home ; they locate in a hive or
box, and may reasonably be called a col-
oyiy. When they have gone to work in
their new home, it is manifestly improper
to call them a swarm! Their habitation is
a hive, and it would be also very confusing
to say that you " had hived a hive of bees
in a new 7n'tie.'" Either call them a "col-
ony," or invent some more appropriate
word — but don't call them a hive (i. e., a
box). If the bees abscond, how stupid it
would be to say that the "hives flew
away!" Just fancy the sight of a lot of
boxes (hives) flying through the air, when
there is no tornado.

Practical and Practicable. — Mr.

Geo. F. Robbins, of Mechanicsburg, 111., has
this to say about these two words :

I want to say something on the use of the
two words at the head of this letter. I am
sorry that I never found it convenient to
jot down examples of their use, as I have
noticed them in the different bee-papers.
I find frequent cases of the misuse of the
former word, and I thought that I could
keep some of them in mind, but they have
all slipped me. The error is in using the
former word when the signification of the
latter is evidently meant. Practical means
pertaining to practice; capable of being
turned to use or account, useful, evincing
skill, etc. Practicable means, capable of
being performed, possible to be accom-
plished, admitting of use, etc. These defi-
nitions are abridged from Webster.

Now, I wrote to a certain paper that it
was " practicable " to feed bees in winter.
Just as I feared, " practicable " was
changed to "practical." I meant that to
feed bees in winter could be done — it was
feasible. By the use of " practical," I am
made to mean that it is useful, capable
of being turned to account, or being made
of benefit. Don't you see? If it is feasible
for bees to take food from a certain feeder
in winter, it is "practicable" to feed in
that way ; and a feeder that will answer
that purpose, is a "practical" feeder, i. e.,
it is good for that use.

But not everything that is " practicable "
is "practical." A scheme, work, method
or device that it is possible to perform, is
" practicable;" but it may be of so little
use or profit as to be " impractical."

We should look to our English friends, as
well as any other class of writers, and re-
member that while " trifles make perfec-
tion," "perfection itself is no trifle."

Geo. F. Robbins.

The "point" mentioned by Mr. Robbins,
is very well taken, and is only one in-
stance among many that might be noted.
The words except and accept, e^ect and
o^ect, are also illustrations of cases where
care must be exercised when using them,
else an entirely different meaning will be
conveyed, from that which is really in-
tended. Let all who presume to write for
publication, select their words with some
degree of thought ; then when those who
print the compositions thus painstakingly
written, use the same amount of considera-
tion, we may expect as nearly a perfect
production as can be had in such matters.

rtmm mimmMicmn mmw j&faMnRiL.

85

%

Inserting Capped Qiieeii-Cclls —
Hcepiiig rertiliy.cd <lHeciis.

Written /or the Aineiicnn Bee Journal

Query 681.— 1, How sooa after removing- a
queen l'n>in a luliinv of bees, will it be safe to
Insert a eappeil <incen-ccll '/ 2. Can fertilized
quoons be kept safely a month or two (not in
nuclei) in a room '/ ;!. If so, how; and at what
temperature should the room be kept V— Ohio.

1. Twenty-four hours. 3. No.— H. D.
Cutting.

1. I think that depends a little upon the
season. 3. I do not know. — Eugene Secok.

1. I do not know. 3. They can probably
be so kept — but why; It is more than
likely that they would be quite worthless
at the end of that time.— C. H. Dibbern.

1. Everything depends upon the condi-
tion of the hive and the honey-flow. 3. It
is not the way to keep them. 3. Try it,and
then you will know.— James Heddon.

1. Twenty -four hours, where no cell-pro-
tectors are used ; with the protectors, at
once. 3. Not without injuriuH' the future
usefulness of the queen. — ij. M. Doolittle.

1. Much depends upon circumstances. I
would not risk it in less time than 34 hours,
and a queen-cell is never absolutely safe.
8. I think not.— M. Mauin.

1. In about two days, with frequent ex-
ceptions. 3 and 3. Yes, in a well-protected
queen-cage, in an even temperature of 60
to 70 degrees. — R. L. Taylor.

1. I find that I obtain the best success 48
hours after. 3. I have kept some over two
months in a cage, having one dozen or so
of bees with the queen. 3. Not under 60
degrees. — P. L. ViiULON.

1. When they find out that they are
queenless — may be 34 hours, or so. 3. I
think that they have been so kept. 3. Give
them plenty of food and ivatcr. The tem-
perature of ordinary living-rooms in sum-
mer will do. — C. C. Mii.i.EK.

1. At once. 3. Yes, if she is accompanied
by a sufficient number of bees, and the
room is of proper temperature. I keep
them so for five mouths. 3. The room
should be dark, and the temperature 45 to
50 degrees. — A. B. Mason.

If the bees have no eggs or larvae to rear
a queen from, you can insert a queen-cell
immediately ; but if otherwise, not until
they have started queen-cells on their own
account. 2. I have never tried it. — Mrs. L.
Hakrison.

1. No one can tell, as colonies differ so
much in characteristics. 3. I do not think
that they can. They ought to be kept in
nuclei, to insure safety. — J. E. Pond.

1. Put Doolittle's wire protector on the
cell, and insert it before closing the hive.
3. Yes, but do not do it. Stop useless ex-
periments that have already been gone over
and over again, and get to work. — J. M.
Shuck.

1. During a good honey-flow, it is safe at
any time. In the absence of a honey-flow,
it is never safe. 3. If queens coidd be
safely kept a month or two, in a room, I am
sure that it would not be wise to do so. — G-.
L. Tinker.

From 12 to 24 hours. You could keep
them in cages with a few escort bees, pro-
vided you can keep them in a temperature
of from 85 to 90 degrees; but I am inclined
to think that their fecundity might be
somewhat impaired after such confinement.
— J. M. Hambaugu.

1. Twenty-four hours— sometimes a little
less. 3. We would hardly advise any one
to try it; though wo have known a queen
with 10 or 13 bees to be kept near the
stove, in a house, tor about a mouth. They
want a warm place. Feed thick sugar
syrup in small quantity. — Dauant &■ Son.

1. Often, at once. 3. Twenty-four hours is
enough. 3. Certainly, they are sent in the
mails where they are en route for 40 days.
They would certainly be better in quiet. 3.
In a Benton cage, as sent from Enrope. No
special room or heat need be provided.— A.
J. Cook.

1. By securely attaching the cell to a
centre comb, and covering it with a cup-
shaped wire-cloth cage, well imbedded into
the comb, you can give the cell when you
remove the queen. 3. With safety 10 to
15 days; but queens are injured by long
confinement. 3. Seventy to 80 degrees-
a low temperature might do for a short
confinement.— J. P. H. Brown.

1. Not less time than 34 hours; and if no
risk is to be taken at all, not until the ex-
piration of four days. 3. Yes, they can be
kept for a month, or longer, but not
" safely." I would not give much for a
queen that had been confined in that way,
in the laying season. 3. Cage the queen in
a properly-provisioned cage, with about 15
workers to care for her. Change the queen
to a newly-provisioned cage once in 10 or
14 days, giving her a fresh set of nursing-
bees at each change. The temperature
should range from 70 to 80 degrees. Queens
might be kept iu the winter months with-
out injury in this way.— G. W. Demaree.

Putting in Foundation to Oct
Well-Filled Sections.

Written for the American Bee Journal

Query 685.— How should foundation be
used in sections, so that the bees will attach
the comb to the sides and ends, and thus
secure well-flUed sections ?— Maumee.

Fill the sections with foundation. — J. M.
Hambaugh.
By using a full sheet of the foundation. —

P. L. VlAI-LON.

Fill the section to within J^ of an inch of
the bottom.— Dadant & Son.

Fill the section full, less ^g of an inch at
the bottom.— G. M. Doolittle.

Fill the sections full of foundation, and
the bees will take care of the rest.^^. E.
POND.j ' C -J CTTJ CZD TJ CTD

Do not cut the foundation too small. The
strength of the colony and honey-flow has
much to do with it.— H. D. Cutting.

Fill the section so full of foundation that
a bee can barely get around the edges be
tween it and the inside of the section. —
Eugene Secor.

Use full sheets, but the season has more
to do with poorly -filled sections than any
single cause.— Mrs. L. Harrison.

I prefer to use it just as large as possible,
and not have it touch on the sides or bot-
tom.—A. J. Cook.

Use it so large as to reach the sides of the
sections within 1-16 of an inch, and within
'4 of an inch of the bottom. — R. L. Taylor.

Make it large enough to leave only ,V of
an inch space at the sides, and even then
bees may gnaw it away, unless somewhat
crowded for room.— C. C. Miller.

Full sheets should be used, but even then
they will not be attached as desired, un-
less the flow of surplus honey demands it. —
A. B. Mason.

I use only .starters, and get the combs at-
tached to the sides, but not always to tha
bottoms of the sections. — M. Maiiin.

I cut the pieces of foundation so that they
will hang e/osc/j/ to the ends of the sec-
tions, and have no trouble with the bees
not attaching the combs securely to the
ends. — J. P. II. BiiOWN.

It is not a question how foundation
should be fastened, nor how much of it
should bo used, in the matter of securing
well-fllled sections. — (i. L. Tinker.

There is no way to do that practically, by
manipulating the foundation. If you fill
the sections full, you are liable to have
bulged comlis. If you do not fill them fuU,
as you should not do, whether the sections
are solidly filled or not will depend upon
the season, and how you manipulate your
bees and surplus receptacles. — James Hed-
don.

Echo, "how*" A V-shaped starter with
the broad edge extending clear across the
under side of the top of the section, a good
strong colony of bees, and, more important
than all else, a really good flow of nectar,
will give nicely-filled sections every time,
if the apiarist has properly adjusted the
hives and fixtures. — G. W. Demaree.

The foundation should be cut the exact
size of the sections; about '4 -inch will be
used up to fasten it in, which will leave it
just right. It will stretch enough to touch
the bottom, and the bees will generally fiU
such sections so that it is hard to tell which
was top or bottom, if other conditions are
right. — C. H. Dibbern.

If conditions are right, four different in-
versions will do it. If conditions are not
right, nothing will do it. Open-sided sec-
tions have been prescribed for this trouble,
but the prescription is not effective. First-
class product rarely shows sections entirely
full. To compel the filling of all the spaces
is " puttering " in the hive, and is expen-
sive as to time and honey.— J. M. Shuck.

Oooliltle on <(ueen-Reai-ing.

Queens can be reared in the upper stories
of hives used for extracted honey, where a
queen-excluding honey -board is used, which
are as good, if not superior, to Queens
reared by any other process ; and that, too,
while the old Queen is doing duty below,
just the same as though Queens were not
being reared above. This is a fact, though
it is not generally known.

If you desu'e to know how this can be
done — how to have Queens fertilized in up-
per stories, while the old Queen is laying
below— how you may safely introduce any
Queen, at any time of the year when bees
cay fly— all about the different races of
bees— all about shipping Queens, queen-
cages, candy for queen-cages, etc. — aU
about forming nuclei, multiplying or unit-
ing bees, or weak colonies, etc. ; or, in fact
everything about the queen-business which
you may want to know, send for " Doolit-
tle's Scientific Queen-Rearing;" a book of
170 pages, which is nicely bound in cloth,
and as interesting as any story. Price,
*1.00.

An edition in strong paper covers is is-
sued for premiums. It will be mailed as a
present to any one who wiU send us two
new subscribers to either the Bee Journal
or the Illustrated Home Journal.

86

COBREt

BEE-ESCAPE.

Further Description and Expla-
nation of tlie Dibbern Bee-
Escape.

Wfitten for the. American BeeJowmal

BY C. H. DIBBERN.

The illustration of my bee-escape, on
jjage 798 of tlie Bee Journal for 1889,
was no great success — except as a puz-
zle !

Well, the result is, that I am flooded
with letters, and jjostal cards, asking
for explanations, etc. It can easily
be understood, that I cannot answer
all these inquiries by personal letters,
and by means of the illustration here
shown, I trust that I can make the
matter a little plainer.

During the present summer-like
weather, I have been testing the es-
capes in various ways, as I wish to
have them so perfect that they will not
soon be improved. I have been mak-
ing some improvements myself, how-
ever, since writing my former article.

The illustration represents four of
the principal figures that suggest them-
selves, into which the escape can be
formed. No. 1, is a single exit escape,
and is the surest of all, as it is almost
impossible for any bees to get back
through the escapes. It is calculated
to use two of these on a boai'd.

No. 2 is star shape, for a center es-
cape, with exits at the points. I now
prefer onl3' four points to the star, as
it gives better space around the inside
escape, and four exits are plenty. I
think that this four-point star shape
will be the favorite pattern. I have
lately improved this by cutting out a
4-inch hole, with an expansive bit, and
fastening the escape to another round
piece cut ]-inoh smaller all around, and
a piece of tin nailed on top. This
allows the escape to be pulled out at
the top, and a solid piece can be in-
serted without removing the board at
all.

Care must be used, if the escapes are
tacked on the board in the bee-space,
to see that bees are out of the way be-
fore laying the board down, so that
they will not be crushed. By cutting
a 4-inch hole, I place the escape so
that it occupies the space cut out from
the board with exits in the J^-inch
space, that the escapes are smaller than
the hole.

The escapes can'lse used just as well,
however, in the bee-space under the
board ; a puff or two of smoke through
the hole will drive the bees out of the
■way, and the escape can then be slip-

ped into place. I like this plan the
best of all, as it disturbs the bees less
than if the board has to be taken off.

No. 3 and No. 4 are only different
forms of the same thing, which I now
think will not become very popular. It
will be noticed that the principle is the
same in all — a double escape with a
liberal bee-space between the inner and
outer figure. This space should be
wide enough to allow bees to pass,
otherwise they sometimes crowd from
opposite directions, and bees become
wedged in. I consider this bee-space
between the inner and outer cones or
figures, of great importance, as it
breaks the communications between
the bees and the main hive, and those
in the super to be Jremoved.

I believe that the escape-boards,
which I make only }-inch thick, will be

Forms of the Dibbern Bee-Escape.

found very useful as an inner cover to
supers, and as a comb-honey protector,
with one or two ^-inch holes open, to
allow some bees to remain with the
honey, to care for and ripen it, till the
end of the white honey harvest. I now
make the claim that I am the first per-
son to suggest such a board for this
purpose.

In moving or shipping bees, these es-
cape-boards, with a 4-inch hole cut out,
will be very handy to put on the main
hive, with wire-cloth tacked over the
hole. I expect to make up 200 hives
this winter, and they will all be pro-
vided with these boards. By using
these, I will do away with rubber
covers, which I have found objection-
able on account of retaining too much
moisture.

During one of our numerous warm
daj's lately, I exposed a super of
partly-tilled sections in the apiary, and
it was not long until the bees were
fairly swarming on it. I then quickly
placed an escape-board over it, with
the escapes up. It was a sight to see
the bees pouring through the escapes
and out. Some few would try to turn
back, but they almost invai'iably made
the circuit around the inner escape,
and then out. The robbing bees clus-
tered on the escapes in great bunches,
, but seldom did a bee find its way back

through the 2nd escape. In about an
hour after putting the escape boards on,
all efforts at robbing had ceased, and
the super was entirely free from bees,
although still containing plenty of
honey.

I have also been giving supers of
sections from which the honey had
been extracted, to bees to be cleaned
up. I find I can get rid of the bees,
whether the honey has all been car-
ried down or not, in about an hour, by
placing the escape under it. One
super I had forgotten on a hive for a
few days, and the colony seemed to
have occupied the empty comb in the
super, so I placed the escape-board
under it in the evening, and the next
morning it was clear of bees.

I am sure that when the real value
of this bee-escape is once known, it will
be found as necessary as a good
smoker. I imagine there will be much
less shaking the bees oft" the combs, or
brushing them off, in extracting honey
in the future than in the past. Then,
how pleasant it is to go to the hives,
slip the escapes under supers in the
evening, and the next morning carry
the honey in, and the bees never know
what has happened.

Milan, Ills.

BEE-KEEPING

Considered in Connection ivitb
Otber Pursuits.

Wntten for the American Bee Journal

BY CHRISTIAN WECKESSER.

Much may with propriety be said on
both sides of the question, as to whether
it is best to combine bee-keeping with
other pursuits; but circumstances will
ever alter cases to such an extent that
no definite rule may be given. Suc-
cessive unprofitable seasons have con-
vinced many that it is not wise to de-
pend upon bee-keeping alone, and
many have such a liking for the busi-
ness that they would not abandon it
even for something more profitable. A
practical question is, what and Iww to
combine it with other pursuits in a
satisfactory manner. Individual taste
and inclination will, at least measur-
ably, determine ivhat to combine with
bee-keeping, as well as the pursuit one
is pregaged in on starting out.

To my mind the manner of combin-
ing bee-keeping with other pursuits is
an important consideration. I en-
deavor to make the most of bee-keep-
ing with the least labor, and it seems
best to give my time to matters that
will more invariably give profitable re-
turns, and I thus make bee-keeping a
sort of "side business," and endeavor
to still be prepared to "take in "a
good season when it comes.

XMEP mimmmiGmn Mmm jo'umnmi^.

87

>«^*ai«j»Aj

»^>ai«»--^-*" — --■^■- — ■^— ^^a^^^»^al^^

To reduce the labor and expense of
poor seasons, I am getting the bees
into out-apiaries of about 25 colonies, in
which way they, even in a poor season,
get enough to winter, and do not need
much attention, unless they do get
something ; and even then, one need
not worry, if the arrangements are
good. But having them good, is some-
what of a task, which I liave not been
able to meet as perfectly and satis-
factorily as I like.

Of course, I should not even attempt
to produce comb honej', which would
require constant care for swarming,
etc. ; and for producing extracted
honey, one needs a large hive, capable
of tiering np, and to have the queens'
wings clii)ped, unless some one is
about, to attend to swaniiing.

If the honey-flow is light, I find that
they need little attention until the sea-
son is over, when the surplus may be
removed, and the bees prepared for
winter ; but if the flow is heavy, they
should be looked after, and empty cells
provided near the brood ; and it may
be necessary, or desirable, to make
one or more extractings before the
close of the season. To many, per-
haps, like myself, the item of little
labor when there Is little profit, and to
have other profitable occupation mean-
while, is a desirable feature, and when
there is much extra labor during a
heavy flow, we can readily manage to
get help.

Marshallville, Ohio.

BEE-CULTURE.

Tbe Sunshine and Shadow of
Apiculture.

Read at the Ontario Convention

BY ALLEN PRINGLE.

Nearly every occupation (and want of
occupation) under the sun has its sunshine
and its shadow,its ups and its downs. From
the king to the beggar, and from the million-
aire to the tramp, with not a meal of vict-
uals ahead of him, there is the cloud alter-
nating with the sun.

And certain it is that the preponderance
of cloud in the drama of life is not always
with the beggar or the tramp. " Uneasy,"
it is said, " is the head that wears a crown "
(the head that wears a stiug tor half a min-
ute is also uneasy for a time) ; and the
"Divinity that doth hedge a king" some-
times fails to hedge, and his regal tenure,
as in the case of the present Dom Pedro, is
painfully uncertain — sometimes as pre-
carious and uncertain as the beggar's next
meal.-

But without further homily, we may as
well admit at once that the apiarist — even
the apiarist — has clouds mixed with his
sun, and sometimes mixed with a ven-
geance. Just how much sunshine or
shadow there may be in any particular
case, depends much upon the particular
individual himself or herself. Some people
— left-handed people, as it were — are al-
ways in a cloud, or hot water, no matter
what business they are in, or out of. They

manage to raise a cloud of dust about their
own eyes and ears, and although " Old Kol"
may be smiling on them from above, they
see none of him; and the music of the
spheres never reaches their ears. These
are the pessimists. Others, again, see all
the sunshine within their visual or mental
ranee, and hear all the music that Nature
or Fate vouchsafes.

The bee-keeper may, however, among all
others, be justly described as " Dot happy
bee-man," of whom our American cousins,
Secor and Miller, have so eloquently sung.
The old saying, that it is better to laugh
than cry over the misfortunes of life (even
though the misfortune be a pointed one), is
on the whole, good — very good advice — so
long as the laugh carries with it the whole-
some lesson of experience to avoid a repe-
tition of the misfortune. Of course, every
bee-keeper who is a philosopher as well,
will bear the pointed and barbed misfor-
tune as best he can, and try to ward it off
next time.

Now, taking the bee-keepers, who are
bee-keepers, all in all together, I think they
have more sun than cloud in their pursuit
of honey. PossiV)ly this may be an optimis-
tic view, and the writer may be looking
through the clouds into the sun with lumin-
ous glasses. Be this as it may, he takes
pleasure and pride in saying that his own
apicultural horizon has been encouragingly
free from clouds. In other words, he not
only derives a high order of mental pleas-
ure and profit from the pursuit, but makes
it pay in dollars and cents from year to
year. You may perhaps put this and that
together, and draw a conclusion not flatter-
ing to the speaker's modesty — this, viz:
that he has not had much cloud ; and that,
viz: that the amount of cloud depends
mostly upon the man himself. The conclu-
sion is apparently logical enough, but does
not necessarily follow from the premises.
The matter may be explained concisely in
one sentence, to-wit : He always did love
the honey-bee, and bee-stings never did
hurt him, to speak of. Whatever the cause
— whether of nature or grace — this depo-
nent is as nearly sting-proof as any one need
desire, and be reasonable. I can imagine
our worthy President Clarke, or our vener-
able absent friend, Father Langstroth, or
our versatile cousin, James Heddon, whose
nerves and blood are, I believe, so painfully
responsive to the barbed dart, exclaiming :
"This, indeed, is the cloud of bee-keeping
with us, beyond even an adverse balance
sheet." I cannot sympathize with such
from experience, but I sincerely extend to
them my theoretical sympathy, should that
be worth anything.

I tell you, gentlemen (and ladies), that I
have learned, not of myself, but from
others — that by far the biggest cloud above
the horizon of bee-keeping comes directly
from the business-end of a business-bee ;
and the fortunate bee-keeper who has a
" coat of mail " invulnerable to that lance
(not outside of him, but inside of him), has
a tremendous advantage in the race over
his less fortunate brethren. The bee-keeper,
therefore, who can receive that " business-
end "referred to above, without flinching,
and even with equanimity, and can steer
clear of most of the other evils and obsta-
cles of the business, and take the inevitable
balance of ills like a philosopher, is to be
congratulated, or is a fit subject for a cer-
tain amount of envy, as the case may be.
On the other hand, those of us whose nerves
and blood rebel against a sting, and who
are not able to avert the clouds of winter
losses, spring dwindling, foul brood, and
others of less sombre hue, deserve not only
our sympathy, but our assistance, and I
purpose now to give my mite of assistance
in the shape of a little advice, after I have
briefly enumerated the sunny and cloudy
points of bee-keeping.

The sky of the apicultural novice is, as a
rule, remarkably clear, in prospect at least,
but when he gets down to business the
clouds soon begin to gather.

On a fiue morning in spring, he gets his
first "skep" of bees, and carefully places
them in the front yard on a l>ench under
the plum-tree. Koon he sees thom sally
forth in the sunshine, and return laden
with little golden pellets on their legs,
which he joyfully regards as the " stuff
they make the honey of." Visions of in-
crease of "skeps" of honey for his table,
and honey for the market to replenish his
purse, come up before him, and he is happy.

Indue time his "skep" swarms, and he
hives the new recruit successfully. They
go to work. To make a proud beginning in
manipulation, he nowputfs with his smoker,
opens the hive and lifts an outside frame
of honey from the old colony or parent
skep, wings off the young bees according
to the book, and goes to the house tri-
umphantly with his prize, and makes a
magnificent, melliflous spread for dinner.
He is now, to all intents and purposes,
" Dot happy bee-man," with not a cloud in
his sky. The new swarm and the old colony
go on industriously and iu^prove "each
shining hour," and everything is lovely
with the incipient apiarist.

But the whirligig of time brings its
changes aud its revenges. The new colony
has filled up and become strong and ready
to swarm. The old skep, too, in the midst
of abundance, has hustled up to the swarm-
ing-poiut again, and both take advantage
of the sun after a cloud, and issue together.
They mingle in the air in fraternal greet-
ing, and cluster together in the top of the
plum-tree.

Our amateur bee-keeper is now in a
" swither " what to do, and quite loses his
head. He gets out the table, however, sets
it under the tree, and spreads a white sheet
over it as carefully as that over the corpse
at " Tim Pinnigan's wake," and soon to be
followed by a similar " ruction." Then
after washing out the new hive with salt
and water, and swiping it with a tansy
stalk, he stands himself upon the table,
holds the hive up with his one hand,
and with the other hand shakes the
bees down. But they miss the hive and fall
on his head, aud down his neck and shirt-
sleeves, where the close quarters and the
odor of sweat put them in fighting trim
instanter.

Horror of horrors ! He drops the hive
and leaps from the table in pain with a
cloud of bees about his head. With the ex-
ception of this fighting detachment, the
two swarms rise in the air and make a bee-
line for the woods, with our now thoroughly
demoralized neophyte in limping pursuit
to the best of his ability, over fields and
fences, through dykes and ditches, until he
loses sight of the fugitives and sinks ex-
hausted, his eye-sight by this time being
none of the best, peeping out from a head
dazed, and of most extraordinary propor-
tions. He rests a little and writhes a great
deal, and then slowly gropes his way back.
This is his first cloud, and a big one it is —
in fact it is the " blackness of darkness " to
him, for now he can see neither sun nor
cloud, nor anything else. We now gently
leave this brother in distress where he is,
with our kindest sympathies — all we can
offer.

Now, the sunshine of bee-keeping, to put
it briefly, is this: First, to be able to take
a sting without minding it; second, to win-
ter and spring the bees without loss ; third,
to steer clear of foul brood ; and finally, to
get a crop of honey each year and sell it at
a good price, and the surplus bees ditto.
This is what may be properly called sunny
and successful bee-keeping, and is the grand
goal of apicultural ambition, but few there
be that find it.

88

T«® mm^mmi^mM mmim jou^Mifsiu.

Per contra, the clouds of bee-keeping,
summarized are : First, a sting that pois-
ons and pains; second, a winter mortality
and spring dwindling that thins the yard ;
third, foul brood, mice in winter, and toads
in summer, ants, wasps, spiders, beetles,
the king-bee, the bee-hawk, the bee-louse,
robber-flies, etc. ; and finally poor crops of
honey and unremuuerative prices. These
are the clouds, though fortunately they
seldom bunch up together over the luck-
less head of any one luckless bee-keeper.

In conclusion I may be permitted, in as
brief a manner as possible, to give some ad-
vice (only, however, to those who need it,
and most of you probably do not) as to how
to avert the biggest of the clouds and in-
vite the sunshine.

First, as to stings : In handling bees, the
prime requisite is to be brave and quiet, to
keep cool and handle carefully. Almost
equally important is it to keep yourself
scrupulously clean in person and apparel,
for the bee is fastidious, and ever ready to
resent malodorous ofl'ences. Then when so
unfortunate as to get stung, rub the stinger
out at once by a single, smooth motion of
the finger over the part stung, and turn
the part aside from the bees for a moment
till the effluvia, which accompanies a sting,
and which invites further attack — is dissi-
pated.

To attempt to avoid the losses of winter
mortality and spring dwindling is a big un-
dertaking involving an extensive knowl-
edge of apicultural science and art as well
as an extended experience. We all have
considerable yet to learn on this subject.
The best knowledge I have at present on
the subject may be stated in its main points
briefly as fallows :

Give every colony plenty of stores for
winter (honey is Viest), early in the fall
(September), so that they may settle down
contentedly instead of w-earing themselves
out looking for winter food. Keep them
dry and warm. Put them in winter quar-
ters early, before clold weather. Leave
the lids oil. Replace the summer quilts by
clean cotton ones, and cover over with
woolen quilts or cotton filled in with wool.
Keep the repository at about 45 to 50 de-
grees. Be in no hurry in getting them out
in the spring unless they are diseased or
restless. When out, clean them, give them
plenty of food, crowd them up, pack them
up warm and dry, and leave them alone
through the spring only when necessary to
attend to them. The winter and spring
management, of which this is an outline, I
have found successful.

To avoid the origination of foul brood, or
less formidable diseases in your own yard,
attend to sanitation. Keep the yard and
hives clean, and never uncap or behead
drones in a weak colony where they are
lialile to rot instead of being carried out.

The king-bird eats queens and drones;
use powder and shot on him. Against the
miller-moth there are two remedies, viz ;
Italian bees, and strong colonies of any
kind.

To avoid the worry of swarraiug-time,
and the break-neck chasing of absconding
swarms, keep your queens' wings clipped ;
and keep back all after-swarms, as they are
unprofitable as well as troublesome.

How to get a good honey crop when it is
going, and avoid the cloud of a bad one,
would take hours to set forth. I can,
therefore, only say here, read the bee-
papers and the standard works on the sub-
ject; learn and profit by your own experi-
ence ; and then rely upon yourself by using
your own best skill and judgment.

To get a good price for your product after
you have got it, certain conditions, besides
the market, are essential. First, see that
you get it out of,or ott',the hives ripe and in
good order, and then jjreserve it in good
order — the comb honey in a warm, dry

place, and the extracted, when ripe, in a
dry, cool place. Keep it clean and neat,
and put it up with care and taste to suit
your customers. Label and guarantee
j'our product over j'our own name, giving
brief and clear directions how to preserve
projjerly, and bow to liquify. Then wait
till the market opens, and a demand arises,
instead of rushing your crop out prema-
turely, and taking catch prices. Of course,
in the case of regular customers, grocers or
others — they must be supplied whenever
they want it, provided the honey is ripe and
fit for market.

I hope that your apicultural sky may be
always fairly free from clouds, and that
the season of 1890 may be successful with
you all.

Selby, Ont.

MARKETING.

Italian and Carnlolan Bees —
The Past Season.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY N. STAININGER.

Bee-keeping in Iowa last year was a
succes-s — at least it was in Cedar coun-
ty. All the small towns were Hooded
with honey from farmers, and they
sold it at any price, as low as 7 to 8
cents for comb honey. Now if any
bee-keeper can sell honey in any other
town where they have cut prices in
this way, at any better prices, and sell
any amount, then he can do better
than I can.

I shipped the greater part of my
honey to New York — 8,000 pounds of
comb honey, and 8,300 pounds of ex-
tracted— which brought, in New York
City, $1,1)08.09. The total expense
was $267, which left me $1,341 net. If
it were not for the outrageous freight
charges on honey, the expenses would
have been vei'y reasonable ; but I
think that bee-keepers might get bet-
ter rates, if they would stick for their
rights — .$1.2U per 100 pounds for
freight is entirely too much.

THE PROSPECTS FOR 1890.

I think that the prospects for a good
honey season this year are favorable.
All kinds of clover and fruit look
good, and the bees seem to be com-
paratively in good condition ; almost
all of them have plenty of stores, and
I have several thousand pounds stored
away in combs for them in the spring.

My whole crop hist year was about
25,000 pounds, all told, from 140 colo-
nies in the spring — making an aver-
age of about 178.} pounds each — half
comb and half extracted. I increased
my apiary to 235 colonies.

ITALIAN RACE OF BEES.

The Italians are the bees for me.
They store the most honey, are the
easiest to handle, and give the least
trouble in swarming. My best colony
for comb honey swarmed on June 7,

and .stored 160 pounds of comb honey,
and had three frames of brood and
honey taken out, besides.

My best colony run for extracted
honey, gave me 425 pounds, with
plenty to carry them through until
next spring.

About the middle of June there came
a very large swarm of black bees to
me, and I hived them just the same as
the others, and they stored about 75
pounds, with about enough to last
them until spring.

THE CAENIOLAN BEES.

These bees have not been satisfactory
with me. Two yeai-s ago 1 bought a
tested queen for 14.00, and put her in
one of my best colonies, and in less
than three weeks they swarmed.
Well, I saved all the young queens,
and I got eight or nine nice ones, but,
lo and behold, when the young bees
were old enough to work, they wanted
to clean the ranch ; they were as cross
as any hybrids.

1 wrote to the breeder, and returned
the old queen, and he sent me four
young ones ; but they were no better —
three of them [1 killed last summer ;
when they swarmed, I hived them five
or six times, and sometimes twice a
day, until I became disgusted and
killed them. I do not think that any
of them were pure, and they were no
comparison to the Italians in honey-
gathering ; their best quality, that I
have found, is wintering. They can-
not be excelled for quietness.

Tipton, Iowa.

HONEY-PLANTS.

The Kectar.Producuig Plauts-
Thcir Peculiarities.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY G. W. DEMAREE.

In my study of nectar-bearing plants
and trees, I have met with peculiarities
both interesting and instructive. A
marked and most befitting peculiarity
in that class of nectar-producing plants
upon which domestic animals chiefly
feed, is found in the fact that they only
secrete nectar after the sun begins to
warm the earth, and the domestic ani-
mals instinctively begin to retire to the
shady places for protection against
heat and the annoyance from flies.
Chief among this class of bee-forage
are the clovers. Many plants that are
not browsed by cattle— catnip, milk-
weed, figwort, hyssop, iron-weed, etc.
— produce nectar at any time, gov-
erned by no fixed rule.

Again, we have other plants — buck-
wheat, smart-weed, spider-plant, dan-
delion, etc. — that produce nectar only
in the early part of the day. Another

XH® jiMEMicmisi mmm j©^Rff«siu.

89

fcAT'ir-^^'-^*-~-*-^*i^a<

class of plants are peculiar because
they are at their best in the heat of
the day ; among these I mention hoar-
hound, mullein, iron-weed, mother-
wort, milk-weed, etc.

Finally, we have a class of nectar-
secreting plants that are at their best
only in cool weather. These are the
asters, golden-rods, boneset, etc.

But it will interest many readers to
speak more particularl}-, before dis-
missing this suljject. Years of con-
stant inquiry and research would not
enable an}' one student to compile a
complete list of all the nectar-secreting
plants. Tliat practical, untiring bee-
keeper. Dr. E. Drane, of Eminence,
Ky., once remarked to the writer that
he once thought that nectar-secreting
plants were somewhat limited, but
since seeing his bees busily at work on
the despised cocklebur, and the pesky
purslain, he declined to fix any limit.
Evei-y close observer must feel some-
what in this way. No blooming plant
is wholly discarded by the hees, un-
less we except the loud-smelling dog-
fennel — and I have, in my long experi-
ence, had the pleasure of seeing two
bees interviewing the dog-fennel !

When summing up the mattei-, the
plain, unpretentious little white clover
must be crowned king of all the
honey-plants on the American conti-
nent— not because it produces nectar
more profusely than any other plant
or tree (for perhaps this is not the
case), but its vitality and power to
propagate itself, overcoming all oppo-
sition, and growing better by reason
of close grazing by stock, and making
itself at home on a wider and more ex-
tended portion of the Amei'ican soil,
than any other individual nectar-bear-
ing plant — it is king of American
honey-plants.

Alsike clover is a more profuse nec-
tar-bearer than any other variety of the
clovers, but it lacks vitality. It is
short-lived, and fails to propagate it-
self in this part of the earth.

The common red clover is a great
nectar-bearer, but its habit of growth
is too coarse and luxurious for the
utilization of the honey-bee. Nature
seems to have assigned this large va-
riety, in a measure, to the large species
of nectarious insects.

Whatever may have been said as to
the great number of nectar-bearing
plants, it is surprising how few are
capable of yielding stores in abun-
dance. In my own locality, if there
were no white clover, I could, perhaps,
take honey in paying quantity by sow-
ing Alsike clover every season ; but
neglecting this, my bees would not be
able to board themselves, without giv-
ing one pound of surplus.

Facts gleaned from all over this
country, will show that fruit-bloom

yields but scantily for breeding pur-
poses, and that the fall-liowering
plants fail to furnish winter stores, ex-
cept in favored places.

Linden timber grows in nearly
every State in tlie Union, but it is found
in s#flicient quantity to produce sur-
plus honey in comparatively few places.
Tlie great bulk of our surplus honey
comes from white clover — the king of
honey-plants.

The "golden-rod" — because of its
romantic name, and because it is ap-
propriateil by beautiful women as an
adornment — may well be named as the
" national tlower ;" but it is a dead
failure in this part of the earth, as a
nectar-bearing plant.

Christiansburg, Ky.

COLORADO.

The Report of the Colorado
State Convention.

The Colorado State Bee-Keepers'
Association met in annual session at
the Denver Chamber of Commerce, on
Jan. 20, 1890, at 10 a.m., with Presi-
dent Milleson in the chair.

The minutes of the previous meeting
were read and approved, after which
Secretary J. M. Clark read his annual
report as follows :

The year just closed has been a year
of progress for Colorado. Her popu-
lation has received large accessions
from immigration. Capital has flowed
into the State, a fair share of which
has found employment in the develop-
ment of our material resources. The
apiarian interest has felt the impetus
which has carried forward all our in-
dustries to a fuller development. The
very bees themselves seem to have
caught the spirit of the times, and
have done their "level best" to colo-
nize the State. The percentage of in-
crease for 1888 was 56 ; for 1889, so
far as reports have come in, the rate
of increase has been 93 per cent.

In 1888, 188 bee-keepers reported
155,000 pounds of honey ; thus far for
1889, 10-1 bee-keepers have reported
124,706 pounds. From reports thus
far received, a rough estimate would
place the total product of the State at
over 250,000 pounds. To this bright
side there is a darker shade when we
come to consider the possible danger
that threatens our busy little workers.
The ravages of foul brood in some api-
aries has blighted the hopes, and
brought serious loss to some of our
number, and to them we extend our
warmest sympathy.

During the year 1889, and since our
last annual meeting, the association
met three times ; viz : on March 20,
Sept. 11, and Nov. 20. These meetings

have all been fairly well attended, and
very interesting.

Through the eft'orts of this associa-
tion, a law was pas.sed by the last Leg-
islature, which, if properly enforced,
will doubtless be the means of saving
to the productive industries of the
State, thousands of dollars.

The sn(!i'riMg remark in an alleged
agricultural pajjcr, tliat foul brood had
disappeared, and there only remained
the commissiciner, was evidently but
an eft'ervescence of pardonable ignor-
ance. The author should plead the
" baby act," and receive the parental
forgiveness of our organization.

The expenses of the association have
been unusually heavy, owing to the
fact that we have published the Con-
stitution and By-Laws of the associa-
tion, also tlie law for the eradication
of foul brood. The expenses of the
collection of honey statistics, was also
considerable, mostly in postage. Our
report, therefore, shows the associa-
tion to be in debt, but we trust that
the receipts at this meeting will more
than cancel the indebtedness.

The total receipts so far are $56.83 ;
disbursements,$56.23 ; bills due,|16.25;
total amount of indebtedness, $15.65.
J. M. Clark, Sec.

Following the Secretary's report, the
report of the Treasurer, Mrs. R. H.
Rhodes, was read.

After some discussion in regard to
paying the cost of Inspectors' commis-
sions, it was voted that each Inspector
pay the cost of his own appointment
and commission.

Interesting essays were read and
discussed.

W. L. Porter, of Greeley, had ' • Ex-
tracted Honey " for his subject. By the
way, this was the essay that received
the "third prize" oflered by the
American Bee Journal. Score one
for Colorado, as being able to take
third out of eighteen essays from all
over the United States.

Following this, D. R. Emery, of
Longmont, read an essay on "Bee-
farming on a tive-acre lot, with fruit
and poultry." Many points were com-
mended, and affirmed by Mr. and Mrs.
Booth, as to the quality of honey and
honej-plants, and weather fit for bees
to work in. Mr. Booth thought that
Colorado could "brag and blow," but
we could not " hold a candle" to Cali-
fornia in that line. While there are
many good things there, so much of it
is ovex'-estimated and over-stated
abroad that it must be received with a
great margin. The deserts, the fog,
the chill, and cost, and the bad gen-
erally, is never over-stated abroad.

H. Knight read an essay on "Bee-
Houses." He thinks that they are just
the thing for safety, comfort and con-
venience for the bees and their keeper.

90

both in summer and winter. He lias
now five houses ; and used them six
years. A cheap board-house, 8x16
feet, with 6-foot walls, will hold about
40 colonies.

An essay was read by V. DeVinney,
on the " Duties of Members of the
State Bee-Keepers' Association." After
remarks by several as to the duties of
members to encourage apiculture and
cencentration of power by State and
local clubs and personal work, and at-
tendance at all bee-meetings, the con-
vention adjourned for dinner.

THE AFTERNOON SESSION.

At 1 p.m. President Milleson called
the convention to order, which then
listened to

Xlie Presitlent's Address :

The intellectual activity that is being
aroused in every department of pro-
duction on the farm should stir us to a
more energetic perseverance and un-
tiring, persistent determination to
overcome every obstacle that the bee-
keepers of the great State of Colorado
may have to contend with. When we
seek for information as to the success
or failure of bee-keeping in the great
Northwest, on every hand, and on the
Pacific slope, we find indications that
the great honey resource of California
has reached its highest possible figure,
and if the arguments of the California
apiarists be true, California will never
again contest with Colorado for the
supremacy as a honey-producing State.

Of course, it may seem strange to
some that have not studied much on
this particular subject, that we ven-
ture to take such high ground, but
how can we live in and breathe the
pure air of our great and fast-growing
State, and not feel the quickening of
the pulse of push and enterprise in
every department of labor ? When I
look back six years, and see the rapid
strides the bee-keepers have made in
that short time it is putting it mildly
to say that I am satisfied and proud of
the result. Notwithstanding the grip
the foul brood has made on some of
our heretofore best apiaries, we see the
bee-keepers increasing in number on
every hand, all over the State, and
with grand results.

Many people look upon bee-keeping
as a side issue, expecting to produce only
sufficient honey for their own tables,
whereas the facts are that if the farmer
would give more time to the bees at
the proper time, the return would be
greater in money value than either the
dairy or the poultry yards. Some bee-
keepers (a very few) have become a
little discouraged on account of foul
brood, and "off years," as we term it.
when the little toilers fail to give us a
grand crop of surplus nectar ; but do

we carefully take into consideration
how often the poultry-yard fails to
show satisfactory figures ; or the potato
crop turns out a partial or a complete
failure ; or the number of busliels of
grain falls below an average crop ; or
when tlie price of beef falls so very
low that the stock-grower becomes (as
well he may) very much discouraged,
and finds himself engaged in the very
unsatisfactory pastime, figuratively at
least, kicking himself around liis corral
for not having sold his stock when he
could have done so at a good profit ?

Very few people are aware of the
magnitude of the bee-keepers' occupa-
tion. There are, according to esti-
mates, about 300,000 bee-keepers in
the United States and Canada, and if
every bee-keeper has 15 "colonies," it
would swell the grand total to 4,500,000;
and an average surplus put at the low
estimate of 30 pounds to the " colony,"
would give an amount of 135,000,000
pounds of surplus in one year, which,
at 10 cents per pound, would bring
.113,500,000. We might reasonably add
to that already large amount one pound
of wax to each " mother colony" at 15
cents per pound, wliich would give us
the net sum of $675,000. Thus we find
our department of industry would give
employment to a vei-y great number of
workmen in the manufacture of hives,
honey-crates, and all kinds of ma-
terial for carrying on an industry. But
enough of this.

Allow me to thank you for the uni-
form kindness and forbearance on
your part to me. While I am well
aware of my inability to preside over
this association, as well as many of
you are, yet I must say that it has
been a source of pleasure to me, hav-
ing had your uniform and hearty as-
sistance, and in taking leave of you at
tlie end of the second term as your
presiding officer, I can assure you that
whatever relation I may sustain in the
future to this association, I will always
cherish with pleasure our relations in
the past, and stand ready to help in
every way that I can, hoping that you
will look to our neighboring counties
for the officers for the coming year.
It would be a pleasure to me to have
an excuse to go away from home to
attend the next annual meeting of the
Colorado State Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion— either north, south or west.
Bear in mind, please, I hope you will
divide the honors as well as the labor
with our neigbors in the other coun-
ties. E. Milleson.

The following officers were elected
for the ensuing year :

President, E. Milleson ; Vice-Presi-
dent, W. L. Porter ; County Vice-
Presidents : H. Knight, Arrapahoe ;
W. Emery, Boulder ; Mr. Beal, Weld ;
L. Brock, Jefferson ; O. F. Blair, Las

Animas ; N. C. Alford, Larimer ; A.
Cushman, Montrose; member of Ex-
ecutive Committee, Mrs. L. Booth.

R. H. Rhodes read an essay on
"Foul Brood." It is a fatal disease,
that all must help to keep out or eradi-
cate. The law on the subject should
be well distributed by bee-keepers, and
published by all papers. Immediate
cremation of badly affected comb and
iiives is a heroic medicine.

J. M. Clark's extempore " essay" on
"The honey market," was full of good
points and hints for the interest of all.
It is best to have a general agent or a
house to buy all your surplus honey at
a fair price, so that the home supply
can be under control, and be able to
compete with outside competition. For
industrial producers to go on the
street and peddle their honey at any
and all prices, will work harm to them
and the whole fraternity, and help to
flood the State with all sorts of inferior
honey from abroad. Put good, clean
honey in neat, attractive, packages.
Two-tier 24-pound, square crates are
best. Sell by net weight ; no pay for
crates, only in better price for the
honey.

Colorado honey is at the head of the
class for quality. Mr. Davis exhibited
three crates in the East, and all ac-
knowledged it superior. The demand
is good, and the supply is getting
short. Extracted honey is also in de-
mand. All producers should belong
to a joint-stock commission house, as
with their sympathy and a good bank
account, you can do a better business.
Out of 400 bee-keepers, 125 have re-
ported 125,000 pounds of honey. Let
all apiarists look, and work, for the
general and continuous interest and
State market, and not let a few paltry
cents and temporary selfish motives
injure the general market and fra-
ternity of bee-keepers.

Before adjourning, it was decided to
have a two days' session next year. —
Colorado Farmer.

FOUL BROOD.

Are there Two Distinet Kinds
of the Disease i

Written for the Americam, JieeJcyu/mal

BY WM. S. BARCLAY.

In my early efforts in bee-keeping
(37 years ago), if I could except my
perplexity in wintering bees, my next
difficulty was to overcome the ravages
of the moth ; this, to our present en-
terprising bee-keepers, may seem a
wonder ; but should they reflect, they
will remember that it was in the days
of the black or German bee. Now, as
the Italian bee has become the princi-

TMW K^mSMI^MM BM'M J@l!JMf¥M]U.

91

-■^— ■■^ — -■—■■-— ■■^ ■»'-"- — ■*<>•«> •^•a*^*a»ia*^«^«^«f " — ---- — -

fi^*^*-^- — -■^■^ — ■^— ^■"■■^■^■^-^■'■^■^-

pal factor in our efficient work in the
apiarj', I look upon it as the solvent of
all our troubles, and, as far as my ob-
servations on this point are concerned,
it is a most complete one (I here refer
to the bee-moth).

Setting aside our wintering difficul-
ties, which I as yet regard as in a
world of doubt, I proceed to make in-
quir}' into another matter, which I con-
ceive is well worthy the attention of
every bee-keeper, and, I fear I may
well say, of every bee-master.

In a word, that insidious disease —
foul brood — demands our most careful
attention; let it appear in what form
it may. From the first description of
its ravages upon apiaries, which we
learn in the earlier volumes of the
valuable American Bee Journal (and
this was in the apiaries of foreign
countries), I have had my fears that
the plague would be introduced among
us ; and now that it has become a fixed
fact that many of our bee-keeping
friends are suflering from its disas-
trous ravages, is apparent to us from
complaints being made in our various
bee-papers. Let us inquire whether
from descriptions of various cases of this
malady, we may not be deceived as to
its true character.

As an example, I will relate a cir-
cumstance which occurred in my api-
ary in 1886, and which was a greater
mystery to me than anything which
had heretofore occurred in my man-
agement of bees. At that time, I had
a strong colony which commenced
gradually to decline in the middle of
the honey season (I have kept a record
of this, and my observations from day
to day) ; the queen was in her second
year, and continued to lay pretty
freely every day ; the bees appeared
healthy, although they worked slug-
gishly. I could not detect the least
ofiensive smell, and yet scarcely any
brood was hatched. During all this
time, I was fearful of foul brood, but
as we had been taught by those who
described it, that it could only be de-
tected by its ofiensive smell, I was led
to believe that after all I was mistaken
and my colony was afllicted by some
other serious trouble ; and not until I
met an article in the American Bee
Journal, copied from the London
Journal of EorticiiUure (See American
Bee Journal for 1887, page 730), did
I find any solution to the mysterious
problem.

From a recollection of my experi-
ments and reference to my notes, I
was then satisfied that my colony had
been severely attacked with odorless
foul brood, so accurately described in
the article referred to.

Now, the point that I wish to make,
and the danger I have spoken of is,
that while we are anxiously watching

to observe foul brood from the ofien-
sive smell which is said to always in-
dicate its presence, our bees iiiay be
battling against odorless foul brood,
which gives forth no scent by which it
may be detected.

Would it not be well that our in-
structors should designate whether
their treatment is applicable to malig-
nant or odorless foul brood ? because
I am fullj- satisfied that both classes of
this malady are among us, and that the
treatment of the one is not at all that
which is necessary to the other. I
have never met a case of malignant
foul brood, neither do I wish to meet
one, but in the season of 1888 I was
called to the apiary of a friend who
bad a case of odorless foul brood pre-
cisely similar to the one that I had to
encounter in 1886, and which I treated
for him.

A similar case occurred in my own
apiary about a mouth afterwards, upon
which I operated after the plan given
by Mr. Muth, adding some other chemi-
cals, and I found no difficulty in over-
coming the disease. So satisfied was
I of my success in this, that I used
some of the combs from this colony in
others, and at no time was there any
re-appearance of the disease, and in
the season of 1888, I not only used
some of the combs, but also the hive
of the aflfected colony — and all without
any bad results ; neither have I since
seen the least evidence of its return,
either to my own apiary, or to that of
my friend.

I must, however, not neglect to
state that I had thoroughly fumigated
the combs, scrubbed the hive, and per-
mitted both to remain on their stand
to become more thoroughly purified by
the frosts of the greater part of the
winter.

From ray impressions of malignant
foul brood, I feel convinced that I
could not have succeeded so well, and
further believe that the same form of
treatment given successfully to the
one, will in no sense be applicable to
the other ; hence I felt most anxious
that those who write to instruct us, be
careful to state for which branch of
the malady their method of treatment
is intended to be effective.

In some future article, I will de-
scribe my manner of treatment.

Beaver, Pa.

TKe Repoi-t of the proceedings of the
20th annual session of the International
American Bee-Association is now published.
The price is 25 cts., postpaid. It contains,
besides the report, the new songs and
music then used, and engravings of the
present officers as well as the retiring ones.
In all, it contains 36 pages. It is for sale
at this office.

CONVEIVTIOW DIRECTORY.

1890. Time and plane of meetin<j.

Keb. 19-20.-Ohlo Stutf. at Cleveland, O.

MiM.H DiMMH Bennett, Sec, Bedford, O.

Feb. 19-20.-N. K. (ililn.N. W. Pa., and Western New
York, at Clevcluntl, Ohio.

Geo. .Spitler, Sec, Moslertown, l*a.

May 1.— Southwestern Wisconsin, at BoBcobel, Wis.
BenJ. E. Bice, Sec, Boscobel , Wis.

May 3.— Susquehanna Co.. at Hopbottom, Pa.

H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford. Pa.

May 19.— Northern Ulinols, at Rockford. UIs.

D. A. Fuller, Sec, Cherry Valley, Ills.

In order to have this table complete,

Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — The Editok.

Uf

Cnriiiolaii Bees ts. the Ilalians.

Will Mr. Pratt please answer the follow-
ing questions through the Bee Journal ?
1. Are the Carniolan bees as hardy as
the Italian bees? 3. Aj-e the Carniolan
bees better workers than the Italians I

Eleva, Wis. Willie C. Adams.

Mr. E. L. Pratt answers the foregoing
questions as follows:

1. The Carniolan bees, in their purity,
are the gentlest and the most hardy bees in
the world. Pure Carniolan bees should
show no yellow bands.

2. On comb honey, yes; but on extracted
honey it is " nip and tuck " between the
two races. Carniolans will work on the
bloom under circumstances when Italians
would not leave the hive. Carniolan colo-
nies are easily built up for the harvest, on
account of the extraordinary prolifleness
of the queens. By proper management,
Carniolans are not more inclined to swarm
than Italians. — E. L. Pratt.

Xhe Past Season in Missonri.

How I would like to make a great, large,
long row of figures to tell bow much honey
I have taken from 2.S colonies, spring count,
the past season ; but circumstances will not
admit of it; 840 pounds, in one and two
pound sections, is all that I have that would
do for our home market, which is mostly
white clover. Heart's-ease has been, years
prior to last fall, quite productive of honey,
but the past season I pronounced it a fail-
ure. I was very much in hopes that golden-
rod would assist in making winter stores,
but no such assistance responded ; its gay
plumes were waving in all directions, but
our kind of honey-bees had no use for them
in this part of Missouri. Wm. Robson.

RoUa, Mo., Jan. 21, 1890.

Honey from tlie Golden-Rod.

" I do not believe that there was ever one
ounce of honey gathered from golden-rod "
— thus saith Ira Reeves, of Carmi, Ills., on
page 58. Illinois is a great State — it is
long and it is broad, and has big men in it
— as large as Mr. Doolittle — yet they have
never seen every clump of golden-rod and
every bee upon it. Now I believe a good
many things that I never saw. I believe
there is such a man as Ira Reeves, although
I never saw him. In August, of 1881, I
was at Bethlehem, in the White Mountains,
and the hotels were crowded. As I was

92

TH© mBmmmiGMM mmm j^jammmi^.

hunting a place to lodge, I saw some old-
fashioned box-hives, and as there was no
fence, I went up to them, and I never saw
bees carrying in honey faster — no, not in
America or Heidelberg. Being of an in-
quistive turn of mind, I looked to see where
the honey came from. Every fence-corner,
side of road, or pile of stones, was decked
out with the rich, golden plumes of golden-
rod, I did not take it for gi-anted that the
honey came from golden-rod, but I went up
to it, and I never saw so many bees to-
gether, gathering honey, before or since.
A few days afterwards I was at Burlington,
Vt., and I crossed a deep cut in the rail-
road, and on the side was a bed of golden-
rod, and there were as many as a score of
bees on one clump. The people there
seemed to think the feathery plumes of
golden-rod ornamental, as large vases of it
adorned their pulpits, and I saw a man in
New York City selling it.
Peoria, Ills. Mas. L. Harrisos.

JMakins: Collect for Uee-Esc:ipe!i.

Will Dr. G. L. Tinker please exjilain how
he makes the cones to the Dibbern bee-es-
cape* Do we understand that they are a
pear-shaped cone, and put in lengthwise,
and only one-half tacked down with a
smaller-shaped, but smaller-sized, cone in-
side, aud a hole bored through the board to
the smaller cone? Geo. W. Hamilton.

North Syracuse, N. Y.

Below is Dr. Tinker's reply to the fore-
going questions :

The cones for the Dibbern bee-escape
may be made as following: Take a piece
of board 9-33 of an inch thick, and make a
triangular piece 3 inches across the base
and i long. Nail it to another board, and
it is ready to form the cones upon. Lay on
a square piece of green wire-cloth, aud
bend it to place with a strip of wood. If
the cloth is placed rightly, there will be
formed a flat cone with an opening at the
apex, just large enough for a bee to pass
through, and the base will be open. Make
two cones on the same form, but one
enough smaller than the other so that when
placed under the larger one, there will be
a space of }{ inch all around. Nail the
smaller cone over the ^^-inch hole in the
board, and close the base with a narrow
piece of wood, and nail it down. Then
nail the larger cone over it, and close the
base in the same way. If the cones are let
into an inside cover, as described on page
10, the whole may be used as a bee-escape,
or as a cover, as may be desired. When in
use as a cover, the |^-inch hole on top is to
be closed with a common cork. — G. L.
Tinker.

Ciood Location— Swarming, etc.

The past seasou has been a very good one
for honey here. I started last spring with
65 colonies in very poor condition, in-
creased them to 97, which are in good con-
dition, and took 8,000 pounds of extracted
honey. My bees were obliged to build the
comb that I used for extracting, as I had
no supers on hand — of course I gave them
foundation. I have the Langstroth 10-
frame hive, and I like it very well, My
bees are in warm quarters now — in a root-
house, or cave, as some call it. My great-
est trouble in bee-keeping is to keep the
bees from swarming. I have tried every-
thing that I know of, but all is of no use.
Tearing out the queen-cells has not kept
them from swarming, as some say it will.
I took out all of the queen-cells on one day,
and the next day they sent out a swarm.
My bees are a mixed strain— they are the
Italians and blacks, or hybrids, and were

very cross the past season. I lost only one
swarm the past year, which left me while I
was trying to hive three others, all of them
in a bunch.

Can kerosene-oil barrels be cleaned and
used to put honey in? If so, how?

C. A. Davis.

Bloom City, Wis., Jan. 17, 1890.

[No; they will ruin any honey put into
them. — Ed.]

TUe Place to Breed Piire Queens

I take great pleasure in reading the Bee
Journal. My health failed so that I was
obliged to leave my bees and family last
July. I came here and pre-empted 160
acres of land in the great woods of Michi-
gan. I expect to return in March. This
would be a grand place to breed pure
queens, as there is not a wild honey-bee in
these woods, as I can find. A. M. Alton.

Ontonagon, Mich., Jan. 6, 1890.

Voiingf Bees Flyingf.

We had very mild weather until Jan. 13,
when the mercury fell 40 degrees in the
afternoon. Bees had carried in pollen al-
most every day since Dec. 14. I have
young bees flying. Bees are in good condi-
tion, and show fair prospects of being very
strong for the early spring work. Last
year's crop was very poor — so poor that I
shall not attempt to make an accurate re-
port, being something like 20 pounds of
surplus, above what I had to feed back.
Jas. a. King.

Sub Rosa, Ark., Jan. 31, 1890.

Swarmin;; — tjoIden-Rod Honey.

I have 32 colonies of bees, and would like
to have them swarm once apiece. In this
case, would it be proper to put on supers
before swarming?

There seems to be a disunion among bee-
men in regard to golden-rod as a honey-
plant. Mr. A says that he never saw but
one bee on this plant in his life, and that
looked as if it were lost. I want my friend
A to know that I have seen as many as 20
bees on one stalk. Next comes Mr. B, who
said that there are about 40 different kinds
of golden-rod. I never saw but one genuine
golden-rod; but we have a species of
golden-rod which we call " Spanish-needle,"
and the latter seems to be one of the very
best of honey-plants. Had it not been for
this beautiful flower, I would not have had
honey enough to pay for taking it off. I
vote for golden-rod, every time; not only
for honey, but for our "national flower."

Stockbridge, Mich. Orville Jones.

[After the first swarm issues, put on the
supers. — Ed.]

■Seasons for !\ot Xaxins' Bees.

I send an item from the Nashua (Iowa)
Post, which I wrote for the purpose of
bringing the minds of the people to the
absurdity of taxing bees ; and to bring the
question more directly before the bee-keep-
ers of this State, I request its insertion in
the American Bee Journal. To make a
full statement of the case, would take too
much space. Thos. Tracy.

Nashua, Iowa.

The item referred to by Mr. Tracy, reads
thus:

In the first place, bees are insects, and
are not taxable under the laws of the State.
Second, the State attorney decided, some
years ago, that they were not taxable. The

law allows all animals under one year old,
exempt, and all products of the season, as
hay, grain, or other farm produce. Any
man or woman can build a fish-pond, and
keep fish of any age ; build a fine poidtry-
house, and keep anj' amount of poultry of
any age. They can procure silk-worms,
and go into the silk-business, and so on.

Now with regard to bees : There is but
one kind of bee that lives to be a year old
— th(xt is the queen, and not one in one hun-
dred of them. At the time of the yearly
assessment of personal property, no one
knows how many colonies of bees he has
alive, or whether he will have any at the
first of June, when it is time for the season
to begin. There is no honesty in the law,
nor in the manner of using it. Some coun-
ties tax them, and some do not. Some
people report 15 or 30 per cent, of what
they think they may have, and so on.
There is nothing that tempts people to be
dishonest, like dishonest laws. Let the law
be repealed.

Kesults of'tlie Past Season.

I commenced the spring of 1889 with 16
colonies. The forepart of the season was
poor, on account of cool aud wet weather;
the latter part of the season was too dry,
the frost in June killed the linden bloom,
yet amid all this discouragement, I got
3,136 pounds of honey (mo.stly extracted),
and increased my apiary to 50 colonies,
with an average of 25 pounds per colony,
of good honey. They seem to be wintering
all right in the cellar. O. P. Miller.

Glendon, Iowa, Jan. 26, 1890.

YViiite Clover I.,ooks IVell.

Bees are doing well here ; they have been
carrying flour from the mill for several
days with a vim, but the weather is some
cooler now, and they have ceased to fly.
My report for 1889 is as follows: 750
pounds of extracted honey, 50 pounds of
comb honey, 5 pounds of wax, and 5
swarms, from 20 colonies, spring count.
The honey was principally from white
clover and asters. White clover is looking
very well here at present. I vote for clover,
for the " national flower."

Geo. W. Morris.

Cornishville, Ky., Jan. 13, 1890.

IVild Honey— 3io %Vinter.

Will some one tell me (Mrs. Harrison,
especially) what wild honey is? I was
perusing some of the old copies of the Bee
Journal, and noticed a piece about Lizzie
Cotton ; I instantlj- thought of what a nar-
row escape I had from being a victim to
her cheating ways.

My 5 colonies of bees are snugly tucked
away on the summer stands for the winter.
As yet we have had scarcely any snow .
here, and very little cold weather. We do
uot know what it is to see ice one inch
thick this winter. My partner and I in-
tend to buy an apiary of 7 colonies, as the
owner made a failure last year, and now
wants to sell. We had poor results last
season, but we are not discouraged, by any
means. O. R. Hawkins.

Bellport, N. Y., Jan. 23, 1890.

Superiority of (lie Clialt Hire.

In the replies to queries on page 37, there
seems to be some difficulty about chaff
hives. I think that too much chaff causes
more of the trouble than anything else. A
chaff hive of the right sort, should have no
chaff where the surplus honey is stored.
The hive that I have used for a number of

Tmm mimmMicMM mmm j&wmmmi4.

93

years is a chaff hive ; the brood-chambers
are packed with chaff. It never gets wet or
damp, aud bees store one-half more honey
in them than in a single-walled hive, and
sometimes two and three times as much,
there being room for more sections than on
single-walled hives. Then, you can regu-
late them for heat and cold to suit your
notion. The brood-nest is double-walled,
and packed with chaff', which makes it so
warm that the bees soon go up in the sur-
plus apartment to work. I would not give
one chaff hive for 3 or 3 single-walled
ones. The top of my chaff hive hinges on
the front board, and shuts down, so that a
lock can be put on it, aud lock it up, and no
one can get in without breaking the lock.
Tugs. Hoet.

Past Season in Pennsylvania.

I am well pleased with the Bee JouRNiVi,,
and could hardly do without it any more.
I have 17 colonies of bees, which I think
are in pretty good condition. I believe
they all have enough stores for the winter.
I had 8 colonies in the spring of 1889, in-
creased them to 17, but I did not get very
much surplus honey, as it was too cool and
wet last spring, and it rained nearly all
summer. In the fall the weather was mid-
dling good, but we cannot produce honey
here as in the Western and Southern
States. If I had all Italian bees, they
would do much better. I have one colony
of nearly all Italians, which did the best of
all. There are lots of bee-keepers here that
know they have bees, and that is about all.
H. H. Arnold.

East Salem, Pa., Jan. 16, 1890.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

DENVER, Jan. 27.— 1-lb. sections, 13@15c.;
Extracted, 7@8c. Beeswax, 20®23c. Market
well supplied. Demand moderate.

J. M. CLARK COM. CO., 1421 Fifteenth St.

KANSAS CITY, Jan. 25.— Market continues
very dull. Demand verj' light. Weather is en-
tirely too warm. We quote white 1-lb. comb,
13c.; fall, 1-lbs., 10@llc.; white, 2-lbs., 11®
12c.; fall, 2-lbs., 10c. Extracted, white, 7@
7i4e.; amber, 5@6c. Beeswax, 22c

CLEMONS. CLOON & CO.,

Cor. 4th aud Walnut Sts.

CHICAGO, Jan. 22.— We quote: White clo-
ver 1-lbs., Ili^@12i4c.; 2-lbs., 10@llc. Bass-
wood 1-lbs., 10"4@llc. Buckwheat 1-lbs.. 8®
9c. Extracted, 6 '/2@7;sc. Beeswax — brie-ht.
25@26c. ; dark, 23024c.

S. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, Jan. 21.— Demand light and
prices lower. Very fancy 1-lbs., 12 in a crate,
13c.: erood white 1-lbs., 12@12!;o.: dark 1-lbs.
and 2-lbs., 8®10c. ; white 2-lbsr, 1 l(5>12c. Ex-
tracted, white, 6®7o. : dark, 5@6c

HAMBLIN & EEAESS, 514 Walnut St.

CHICAGO, Jan. 8.— Sales are light, at 12®
13c. for white 1-lbs. ; dark, 8@10e. Extracted
dull at 6@7c. tor dark, 7@8c. for fancy white.
Beeswax, prime, 25c.

R. A. BURNETT, 161 S. Water St.

DETROIT, Jan. 24.-Comb honey is quoted
atl2@14c. Sales slow. Extracted, 7@8c.—

M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.

BOSTON, Jan. 9.— Best 1 lbs., 16e; best 2
lbs. 15c. Extracted, 7@9c. Beeswax, 23c.
Trade is dull.

BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham St.

CINCINNATI, Jan. 8.— The very mild winter
apparently has a depressing ettect on the
honey market, more especially on comb honev
Best white is offered at 14@l6c., but conces-
sions have to be made to effect sales. There is
a fair demand for extracted at 5®8c.

Beeswax is in good demand at 20@22c for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH & SON

Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

BDSINEeS MANAGER.

[«XXXZIZXIXIXZZZ»HZ»«X»T»»»TTXXZ3

xxsintss gl0tttjes.

ci.iJititirvu i.isx.

. Subscribers who do not receive their

papers promptly, should notify us at once.

Money in Potatoes, by Mr. Joseph

Greiner. Price, 25 cents, postpaid. For sale
at this office.

It^" Send us one i"\EW subscriber, with
$1.60, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

JtW* Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

B^" We have some full sets of the Bee
JouuNAL for 1889, and new subscribers can
have the full sets for 1889 and 1890 for
$1.80 until all are gone.

m^" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.

B^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

Hf^" Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

Il^~ As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write American Bee
Joiirnal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

I^" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

'■ 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 25

•' 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

Bg" When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you wiU oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book,
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

B^" We offer the Monthly Philadelphia
Farm Journal, and either the American
Bee Journal or Illustrated Home Jour-
nal for one year, for the small sum of $1.20.
Or, we will give it free for one year to any
one who will send us one new subscriber for
either of our Journals with $1.00 (the sub-
scription price) .

We Ciaili the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the iirices quoted in the l.,AS T
column. The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another i^aper or book :
Price of both. Club.
The American Bee Journal Jl 00

aud Gleanings in Hee-Culture 2 00 175

liec-Keepeis' Guide 150. .. 140

Bee-Keepers' Review 150 140

The Apieiilturist 175.... 165

I!ee-Keep<TS' Advance 1 50 1 40

Canadian l!ee Journal 2 00 ... 180

The 7 above-named papers 5 23 5 00

and Langstroth Revised (Dadant) 3 00.... 2 75
Cook's Manual (1887 edition) 2 25.. . 2 00

Quinby's New Bee-Keepiug. 2 50 2 25

Doolittle on Queen-Rearing. 2 00 175

Bees and Honey (Newman).. 2 00 175

Binderfor Am. Bee Journal. 160 150

Dzierzon's l!ee-Book (cloth). 3 00 2 00

Root's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25.... 2 10

Farmer's Account Book 4 00 ... 2 20

Western World Guide 150 130

Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150 140

A Year Among the Bees 175 150

Convention Hiind-Book 150. .. 130

Weekly Inter-Ocean 2 00 ... . 1 73

Toronto Globe (weekly) 200.... 170

History of National Society. 150 125

American Poultry Journal.. 2 25 150

Do not send to us for sample copies
of any other papers. Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.

CATARRH.

CATARRHAL DEAFNESS-HAY FEVER.
A New Home Treatment.

Sufferers are not generally aware that
these diseases are contagious, or that they
are due to the presence of living parasites
in the lining membrane of the nose and
eustachian tubes. Microscopic research,
however, has proved this to be a fact, and
the result of this discovery is that a simple
remedy has been formulated whereby
catarrh, catarrhal deafness and hay fever
are permanently cured in from one to three
simple applications made at home by the
patient once in two weeks.

N. B. — This treatment is not a snuff or an
ointment; both have been discarded by
reputable physicians as injurious. A
pamphlet explaining this new treatment is
sent free on receipt of stamp to pay pos-
tage, by A. H. Dixon & Son, 337 and 339
West King Street, Toronto, Canada. —
Christian Admocate.

Sufferers from Catarrhal troubles should
carefully read the above.
50E26t Imly.

A Special Club Rate.

A Magazine of the choice literary charac-
ter which the Illustrated Home Journal
sustains, will add many pleasures to any
"family circle." Its beautiful illustrations
and interesting reading-matter will make it
heartily welcomed at every " fireside " in
the land.

We desire that every one of our readers
should secure its regular visits during the
year 1890, and in order to induce them to
do so, we will make this tempting offer :

We will Club the American Bee Journal
and the Illustrated Home Journal, and
mail both periodicals during the whole year
1890 for |$I.6U, it the order is received at
this office by March 31, 1890 — when this
offer win end, the regular rate being $1.75.

94

T^Hu M'mmmi^mm mmm j@vimmmi^.

Contention IVotices.

53^ The spring meeting of the Northern Illinois
Bee-Keepers' Association, will meet at the residence
of D. A. Fuller, in Cherry Vallev, Ills., on May 19th,
1890. D. A. FnLLKR, Sec.

JTF" The Ohio State Bee-Keepera' Association will
be held in Cleveland. O., on Wednesday and Thurs-
day, Feb. 19 and 20, 1890.
Miss Dema Bennett, Sec, and Treas., Bedford, O.

2^" The Northeastern Ohio, Northwestern Penn-
sylvania, and "Western New York Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation, will meet in joint session with the Ohio
State Bee-Keepers' Association, in Cleveland, O., on
Feb. 19 and 20. 1890. Geo. Spitleh, Sec.

Our Clubbing' list.— We have now made
arrang'cments with publishers of metropolitan
Weeklj' Newspapers, by which we can club
them at the very low prices quoted in the
I^AST column, without premiums. The regu-
lar price of both is g:iven in the first column.
One year's subscription for this Journal
must be sent with each order for another

paper :

Price of both. Club.

Chicago Inter-Ocean $2.00 $1.75

Chicago Times 2.00 1.75

Chicago Globe 2.00 1.75

Chicago News 2.00 1.75

Chicago Herald 2.00 1.75

Philadelphia Practical Farmer 2.00 1.75

New York World 2.00 1.75

ToledoBlade 3.00 1.75

^duevtiscmcnts.

SOMETHING NEW,

Our 1890 16-page Circular of Bee-Keepera" Supplies.
Send name on a Postal Card. Address,
6Btf JNO. NEBBL & SON, High Hill, Mo.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

flj-l prrv ReverNible 8 - Frame Iiangs-
JPJ..OU trotli BEE-HIVE.

5A3t J. B. WILCOX, MANISTEE, MiCH.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

•^jimifcf",^

FAMILV AlSn FIRESI1>I>,

At ^1.00 a Year.

Printed in the highest stylo of the art, and

profusely illustrated with Magnificent

and Costly Engravings.

fiiQliiAS G.Newman (.'5 Soiji

^WflW*^pu BUS HERS ""W.

246 East Madison St.,

CHICAGO, ILLS.

It is a moral and intellectual educator, and
is invaluable in every library, as well as a very
attractive and inspiring ornament in every
drawing-room. Each issue contains 3G pages.

Its historical and biographical sketches, as
"well as its stories, are charming ; its depart-
ments for the Young Folks, for the Household,
and for the Family Circle are very interesting,
and all who e.\:amine it are sure to become
regular subscribers. It captivates them all.

A Sample Copy will be sent Free, upon
application to tlie publishers.

The II.I.TJSTBATED KOMi: JOUBITAI.

will be clubbed with the American Bee Journal
and both mailed to any address in the United
States and Canada, for one year, for $1.60.

The Pansy is a popular flower with both floristg ana amatenrfl. i?lring abnndance of bloom until after severe fpoets,
•nluring ourharil winterd wiLh Batety, and grectio^uain ea-ly Bpring with a profuaion of bright bloBgoma. A mixed packet
Of I'ansy Seed has been prepared by a large Seedsman, and embraoea an immense number of variities of the choicest kiuda
now in cultivation, only a few being meulioued below for lack of space. King of the Blacks, almost coal black, comiog true
f.-om seed. Emperor William, new, fine, large fl'iwer, ultramarine blue with violet purple eye. Dark Blue, very rich and
constant. Azure Ulue, cxtraflne. Light Blue, lovely shade of Bky blue. Violet, with white border, somewhat resembling
the fancy geraniums. Dark Purple, rich, deep purple, very fine. Marbled Purple, new colors. Striped and Mottled, extra
ard very showy. Mahogany Colored, a very floe variety. Pure Yellow, generally true to color. Snowy While, a pure white
fowcr of good form and Bize. This is the choicest and best packet of Mixed Pansy Seeds ever offered, and the above engraving
was made especially for us. Price, 25 cents per packet, postpaid, and each packet is accompanied with one of the most com-
plete Cataloguesof choice Garden, Field and Flower Seeds, ic, published. Among the many new things never before offered
by any Beedsman is No. 10 Potato, not yet named. Prince of Wales Peas, very fine. Gold-n Sugar Peas, very fine and entirely
new. Gold Coin Oats, new, and noted for long heads. Tree Tomato, grows from 8 to 10 feet high, loaded with fruit of largo
Bize, and Potter's Superb Sweet Corn, an excellent new kind sent out this year in free packets to customers only. Nona
will be sold at any price. Everybody wants this Paaay GoaecUon and New Catalogue. Pou't buy your seeds until yoa see it,

^^ Sent 'postpaid as a Premium for One New Subscriber to either the " Illustrated
Home Journal " or the " American Bee Journal "for one year, with $1.00.

XHOMJlS Cf. ]\EWMA]\ & SOW,

246 East Madison Street, --_-__ CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

D

ADANT'S ^

FOUNDATION

Is guaranteed by us, every inch equal to sam-
l)le in every respect. For sale by the following"
and numerous other dealers:

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON, Chicago, Ills.

C. F. MUTH & SON, Cincinnati, O.

JAMBS HEDDON.Dowagiac, Mich.

CHAS. H. GKEEN. Wauliesha, Wis.

CHAS. IIERTEL, ,Ir.. Freeburg, Ills.

B. S. AKMSTKONG, Jerseyville, Ills.

B. KRBTCHMER. Coburg, Iowa.

Dr. G. L. 'I'lNKBK. New Philadelphia, O.

JOS. NYSBWANDEB. Des Moines. Iowa.

G. B. LEWIS & CO., Watertown, Wis.

PAUL L. VI ALLON, Bavou Qoula, La.

J.MATTOOS. Atwater, O.

Goodell & Wiiodwortli M'f'g Co.. Rock Falls, Ills.

OLIVER FOSTER. Mt. Vernon, Iowa.

GEO. E. Hll/roN, Fremont. Mich.

J. M. CLARK Com. Co., 14'21 l.'jth St.. Denver, Col.

E.I,. GooldS Co., Brantford.Ont., Canada

G. K. HUBBARD. Fort Wayne, Ind.

O. G. Ci >I,LI BR. Fairburv, Neb.

K. H. SCHMIDT i^t CO., New London, Wis.

J. STAUFKER & SONS, Nappanee, Ind.

E. R. NEWt^oMB, i*leasant Valley, N. V.

L. HANSSEN, Davenport, Iowa.

BERLIN FRUIT BOX CO., Berlin Heights, O.

Langstroth on the Hoiiey-Bee, Revised.

The book for beginners. The most complete
Text-Book on the subject in the English lan-
guage.

Bee-Veils of imported material. Smokers,
Sections, Sec,

Circular, with advice to beginners. Samples,
&c., free. Send your address on a postal to

CHAS. DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ills.

BEE-HIVES, SECTIONS, ETC.

WE make the best Bee-Hives, Shipping-
Crates, Sections, &c., in the world, and
Bell them the cheapest. We are offering our
choicest white 1-piece iHxiH Sections, In lota
of 500, at $3.50 per 1,000. ^T" Parties wanting
more, should write for special prices. No. 2
Sections at t'2.00 per M. Catalogues free, but
sent only when ordered. Address,

G. B. LEWIS & CO.,

WATEKTOWN, WIS.

Mention tlie American Bee Journal.

GET

ACQUAINTED

WITH T IE

BEE-KEEPERS' 1?EVIEW.

The December issue has 24 pages, a cut show-
ing "The Home of the Review," also an ac-
companying article descriptive of "The Re-
view, its Home, its Editor and his Family,"
This number shows more clearly, perhaps, the
plan upon which the Review is conducted,
than does any single number that has preceded
it. In its advertising columns will be found
the description of a plan whereby all who wish,
may secure the back numbers at a trifling cost.
The special topic of this issue is, " What Will
Best Combine with Bee-Keeping; and What
Shall Bee-Keepers do Winters ?" This number
will be gladly sent free to all who apply, and
with it will be sent two other numbers.

4Etf W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich
Mention the American Bee Journal.

SECTION PRESS.

PATENTED

JULY 12

WE are now prepared to furnish Wakeman
& Crocker's I»KESS for putting to-
gether One-Plece Sections— at wholesale
and retail. Price, $2.00, by express. By
dozen — rate given upon application.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison-St., - - CHICAGO, ILLS.

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES!

WE are prepared to furnish bee-keepers
with Supplies promptly, and at greatly
reduced rates. Estimates gladly furnished,
and correspondence solicited. Our goods are
unexcelled in quality and workmanship.

Italian Queens and Bees at a very low
price. Send for largo illustrated Price-List,
free. Alley's Queen and Dbone-Trap and
Swabm-Hiver always on hand.

A. F. STAUFFEB 4: CO.,

40Etf STERLING, Whiteside Co., ILL.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

BRIGHT ITA1.IAN Bees and Queens,
Bee-Hives, Sections, Foundation, etc.
12Aly H. H. EUETER, Baxter Springs, Kan.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

T'MEE! MMBRKCMH mMl& JOURMSIIL.

99

THOS. G.NKWMAN fcSON,

tnic/\ao, II I

K^^PSi®S»5ss

XH091AS G. r«EYV91AI«,

EDITOR.

Vol. mi. FeU, 15, 1890. No. 7.

■ The honey-bee is a regular merchant.
It " cells " combs for a living.

' One apiarist first ordered a thousand
Almanacs. These worked so well in dis-
posing of honey, that he has just bought
3,000 more. It pays to scatter them
liberally.

Mr. George Ilentlerson, for many
years sub-editor of the British Dee Journal,
died on Dec. 21, 1889. He was an accom-
plished linquist, a Greek scholar, and a
highly-esteemed gentleman.

Among those prominent apiarists
who have been visited by la Oi'ippe, we
may mention G. M. Doolittle, C. P. Dadant,
Ernest Root, J. Van Deusen, James Hed-
don, J. E. Pond, E. L. Pratt, and many
others whose names we do not now recall.
They all have our sympathies.

Oiii* XIianl<»> are due for the many
kind allusions to our late illness in the bee-
periodicals, as well as in hundreds of pri-
vate letters. We are sorry to learn that
many of the editors of the bee-papers have
suffered from la Orippe, in more or less
severity. We never recovered so slowly
from any previous illness, and this seems
to be the case with others. The gi'ip on our
vitals was a tight one ; and to-day, after a
month's tussel with it, we are not able to
do half as much as formerly in the same
time. We do not want to have anything
more to do with anything Prussian — the
Cossacks may keep it at home, or else
banish it to Siberia, as they do all the rest
of their unwelcome things.

Ilouey for I..:i 4iiri|>l>c. — The item
on honey for la Oripiic, published on page
35, is being copied quite largely, through
the influence of beekeepers all over the
country. The Elgin, Ills., News published
it, and then followed it twith these addi-
tional lines:

We know of one family that has eaten
freely of honey for a couple of weeks or so,
and while neighbors have had the grip, it
has not invaded that household.

Honey is both good as a preventive and
to build up the system after la Orippe has
departed, and if the legacy of complications
is not too great, it will soon restore the
patient to the usual strength of body and
mind.

If the complications are too numerous, of
course it will take time to overcome them,
as will the most careful nursing, and the
most efficient physician's prescriptions. We
knou', for we have had lots of experience
in that line for the past month or more.

Xaxing; Hees iu Iowa. — Mr. G. B.

Olney, of Atlantic, Iowa, has sent the fol-
lowing to his local paper, the Democrat,
which published it in a late issue :

Last winter our assessors were insti'ucted
by the Board of Supervisors, to assess bees
at $2 per colony. This year they dropped
one-half. Well, just drop another dollar,
and you will come to a standard of a true
interpretation of the revenue laws of Iowa.
Bees are exempt, and you cannot read the
law any other way.

The very convincing article by Mr.
Eugene Secor, published on page 666 of
last year, settles the point that, in Iowa at
least, bees are not taxable. Mr. Olney adds
the following about the sale of bees at auc-
tion in that locality ;

Bees, at a public sale near here a few
days ago, sold at ?;-l per colony. This is
much better than I have seen for many
years.

Xlie Xliree bee-periodicals heretofore
published in England have been consoli-
dated under one management, viz : Mr. T.
W. Cowan and Mr. W. B. Carr. The British
Bee Journal is published weekly, and the
Record and Adviser have been united, and
will be published monthly, as heretofore.
The sizes have been changed, and excepting
the narrow margins, both periodicals make
a good appearance. We wish both them
and the editors much success.

An Enigma. — On page 72, Mr. Pratt
makes an allusion to Messrs. Holtermann
and Young. The article was put in type
while we were unable to pay much atten-
tion to such matters, and, in answer to
several inquiries, we must say that we
have not yet discovered what the writer
was driving at. Our English friends seem
to relish such items written by "Amateur
Expert," but we do not think that we have
any use for them in America. Please do
not ask us to explain any more of the
riddles.

A II«e lor I*ro|tuliH.— It ap| e.-trs that
in Russia propolis is used tor varui.shiug
wooden ware, and resists the dissolving
powers of hot water. Mr. A. Toulareff
states that it is purchased by the huck-
sters, who pay about one halfpenny for
permission to scrape or plane the hive that
has lost its bees. The shavings covered
with propolis are heated, put into a wax
press and subjected to the treatment used
in the extraction of beeswax ; the propolis
is then purified iu hot water, to which sul-
phuric acid is added. About 50 per cent, of
propolis is thus obtained, which sells at 40
cents per pound. The propolLs is poured
into hot linseed oil and beeswax in the fol-
lowing proportions : Propolis, 1 ; beeswax,
J<.'; oil, 2. Previously the oil should re-
main hot on the stove for 15 to 20 days
without boiling, to give it the property of
drying.

The wooden ware is dipped into the
above-mentioned preparation, and must re-
main in it for 10 or 15 minutes, after which
it is cooled, and rubbed and polished with
woolen rags. Propolis is so plentifully
collected by the bees in some parts of this
country, that I should imagine it would re-
pay the bee-keeper to save it. It would do
capitally for coating the interior of wooden
feeders, etc. — Australasian Bee Journal.

James Tick, seedsman, of Rochester,
N. Y., offers $1,000 in cash premiums, to
be awarded at the Illinois State Fair, to be
held at Peoria, Ills., Sept. 29, 1890, by the
society's judges, for best cabbage, celery,
potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes, musk
melon, onion, and mangel. Last year the
prizes awarded at the New York State Fair
went to Pennylvauia, Michigan, Iowa, and
New York. This year we are anxious to
see Illinois take the lead, and hope that all
interested in vegetables will send to Vick,
of Rochester, for particulars regarding this
offer. No doubt it will be one of the prin-
cipal features of interest at the Fair.

The Vicks will erect a separate building,
or tent, in which they will make a grand
show of flowers with the vegetables, and
will be on hand to receive their friends.
Every person growing vegetables should
send 10 cents for a copy of " Vick's Floral
Guide," and learn the facts. It costs noth-
ing to try.

" Vick's Floral Guide " is one of the
handsomest catalogues published. The
illustrations are intended to give the reader
a correct idea of the plant or flower illus-
trated.

During January, the weather was
warm and moist iu the Northwest. Februa-
ry comes in with snow and colder weather.
The bees wintered on the summer stands
have been "on the wing" considerably,
and if the " spring dwindling " is not very
severe, there will be plenty of bees to
gather the harvest next season. We have
not had such a winter for more than a
dozen years.

100

T'MW MB^mmi^mm mmM j@wri«mi^.

l>oolillle"s Nc«- HooU on " Queen-
Rearing" receives excellent endorsement
in New Zealand. The Australasian Dee
Journal for December contains the fol-
lowing :

I have recently been trying Doolittle's
plan of queen-rearing, and although I have
only given it one trial, it was quite success-
ful. The cells, twelve in number, were cast
on a smooth piece of glass that just fitted
the bottom of a natural queen-cell. In
them I placed a small quantity of royal
jelly, and on this I transferred an ordi-
nary worker larva aliout thirty hours old,
with the aid of a pointed quill.

The cells were then fixed with hot wax to
halt a bottom-bar, and inserted in the cen-
tre of a comb from which a piece had been
cut about the size of a man's hand, which
was then placed in a two-story Langstroth
hive, the queen being confined to the bot-
tom box by means of perforated zinc. The
bees immediately commenced working on
these embryo cells, and in due time I cut
out ten fine queen-cells, which were placed
in a nursery, with the result that eight
emerged.

At the same time I tried a new plan of my
own, which 1 prefer to Doolittle's, for the
reason that the delicate operation of trans-
ferring larva? has not to be performed.
These gave me queens equal to Doolittle's
in appearance and number, although the
cells were not so sightly. However, as I
am still carrying on my experiments with
both methods, I prefer to say no more
about it until the end of the season, when 1
will fully describe my own method. How-
ever, I have proved to my satisfaction
that it is not necessary to remove the
reigning queen, in order to induce the bees
to construct cells and rear queens.

R. F. HOLXERMANIV.

It aBiords us no little pleasure to give, in
these columns, the likeness, as well as a
short biography, of our friend and co-
worker, Mr. R. F. Holtermann, of Romney,
Ont., Canada. It is seldom that one so
young in life comes so rapidly into promi-
nence, as has Mr. Holtermann ; yet it is no
great wonder, when one considers the push
and energy that has ever been the marked
characteristics of the man — especially when
coupled with a firm determination to be,
and to do, right.

The following is a condensed biography

of Mr. H. :

Richard Ferdinand Holtermann was born
in the city of Hamburg, Germany, on June

/^WB*^'

Onr Prientl, Mr. Eugene Secor, was
elected President of the Iowa State Horti
cultural Society, at the annual meeting
held at Des Moines last month. Mr. Secor
began on the ground floor, being first a
Director,then Superintendent of an Experi-
ment Station, which position he now holds ;
then Vice-President for the past three
years, and he has now reached the top
round in the ladder of promotion. His
election to the position is a well merited
compliment, fairly won by faithful aud in-
telligent service in the science of horticul-
ture. Mr. Secor is a practical farmer,
"having been to the manor born," and has
spent a good deal of time in the study of
agricultural pursuits. The above is gleaned
from the Winnebago Summit.

I^cw' t^atalosrues and Price-Lists for
1890 are received fi-om—

Colwick & Colwick, Norse, Tex.-^ pages
— Bees and Queens.

I. R. Good, Vawter Park, Ind.— 1 page-
Italian and Carniolan Queens.

Jerry A. Roe, Union City, Ind.— 12 pages
— Bee-Keepers' Supplies.

J. W. Bittenbender, Knoxville, Iowa— 34
pages— Bee-Keepers' Supplies and Italian
Bees and Queens.

H. A. Hubbard, New Lisbon, N. Y.— 4
pages — Hubbard's Advertiser.

R. E. Smith, Tilbury Centre, Ont.
pages — Apiarian Supplies.

F. B. Mills, Thorn Hill, N. Y.— 36 pages
Seeds.

Jas. J. H. Gregory, Marblehead, Mass.
60 pages— Seeds.

next made the great mistake, he says, of
embarking in apiculture a little too soon.
The result was, he learned many severe
lessons. With his apiary of 79 colonies he
underwent the trying ordeal of a bad sea-
son, to begin with. However, he secured
enough Alsike clover honey to enable him
to secure the second premium at the To-
ronto Industrial Exhibition.

Later, he entered into some speculations,
and came out nearly SI, 000 in debt; but,
unlike a good many young men, he was not
discouraged, but went to work again, and
paid 100 cents on the dollar, instead of
trying to get out, as he could have done,
by paying a few cents on the dollar. He
entered the employ of E. L. Goold & Co., of
Brantford, commencing at 85 cents a day,
and left as manager of the supply business,
and editor of the Canadian Honey-Pro-
ducer!

He married, on May 17, 1887, Lois,
daughter of S. T. Pettit, of Belmont, Ont.,
whom he met at the last meeting of the
North American Bee-Keepers' Convention,
held at Rochester, N. Y. They have one
son and a daughter ; and in their home they
seek to have God's will their own. As
might be expected, Mr. H. uses neither
tobacco nor liquor.

Mr. Holtermann has made bee-keeping
pay, and he has averaged, he says, latterly,
S8.00 per colony, income. He thinks that
anybody can do as well in a fair locality,
providing they start with one or two
colonies.

Mr. Holtermann has been active in bee-
associations, in which he has held various
offices. At the meeting held in Columbus,
O., his name was proposed several times
for the presidency of the association ; but
he very modestly declined the honor, in
favor of another member. His name was
next proposed for secretary, and was car-
ried by the unanimous consent of the asso-
ciation.

He has held various presidencies, and a
large number of secretaryships; and, at
one time, the bee-departments in three ag-
ricultural periodicals.

20

R. F. HOLTERMANN.

14, 1860. Two years later, the parents,
with their son and two daughters, emi-
grated to Canada, settling in the county of
Renfrew, Ont. There, at the age of 13 or
13, young Holtermann received a portion
of his education from a governess. Later,
he was sent to a private school, and shortly
afterward he attended the Ottawa Col-
legiate Institute, at Ottawa. There his
mind wandered, he says, in the direction of
boating, cricketiug, swimming, etc., rather
than toward study.

When about 14, his father moved to To-
ronto, and then sent his son to the Upper
Canada College, where he received the
" 1 A diploma." He then decided to go on
the farm. Shortly afterward, he attended
the Ontario Agricultural College, where he
graduated with honors, being only 70
marks out of 4,000 behind the first med-
alist. It was in this school, in the capacity
of librarian, that the subject of apiculture
was opened up to him through the medium
of several bee-books.

The next season was spent as a student
with Mr. D. A. Jones, in the apiary. He

A Usefiil Salve.— The following rec-
ipe for making salve is much valued by
those who have used it. With it are made
plasters equal, or perhaps superior, to any
obtained from druggists, and at an expense
so trifling that one can be afforded for
every pain. They have been used upon
the chest and between shoulder-blades,
when there was a soreness of the lungs,
with tendency to pneumonia, and also to
relieve back-ache, which is woman's almost
universal complaint. The salve is indeed
so valuable, that no household should be
without it:

Two pounds of resin, 3 ounces of bees-
wax, 4 ounces of mutton tallow, and one
gill of whisky ; put into a kettle sufficiently
large that it may not boil over, and stew
until dissolved. Make it into sticks like
molasses candy. Place a tin upon the
stove, and upon the tin a piece of fine
wrapping-paper, a little larger than the re-
quired plaster, and rub the wax upon it.

Some have requested us to print a
card on a less number than 100 Honey
Almanacs, and we have concluded to ac-
commodate them. We will furnish 28
copies with card printed on the first page,
postpaid, for $1.10 ; 50 copies for SI. 70;
75 copies for $2.30. See prices for more,
on the page 95.

'TMl^ MTmmMlVMM MUM JO'lIJ^MRI^.

101

■■*^*-^*-^-*'^*^4^A^J

fc^*i>*<

Miikin;; Wooden Seimrators —
The Kind of Wood.

Written for the American Bee Journal

Query 686.— I wish to use wooden sepai'ii-
toi-s in my 'I'-supers. I find thiit some numu-
faeturers saw thcin 1-1(> of an inch thick, and
others slice tliem 1-20 of an inch thiclc. 1. Are
tile sliced as good us tlie sawed ones. 'Z, If not,
are they at all satisfactory ? 3. Of what liind
of wood is it protltable to malie separators V —
Iowa.

I prefer tin separators. — G. M. Doolittle.

1. I have never used the sliced separa-
tors. 'S. Bassvvood. — J. M. Hamraugh.

I have had no experience with wooden
separators. — A. B. Mason.

Wooden separators did not prove satis-
factory with me, and now I use only the
tin. — P. L. ViAiLON.

1. The sliced ones are more liable to
warp then the sawed ones. 3. Pine and
basswood are both good. — Mks. L. Harki-
SON.

I have no experience with separators,
and have no intention of using them. I can
crate my honey without their use. — M.
Mahin.

1. The sawed ones are the best — they do
not warp as much as the sliced ones. 3.
Poplar, basswood and pine make good sep-
arators— J. P. H. Brown.

1. The thinner, the better, if they do not
warp. 2. I use tin. 3. I doubt if it is
profitable to make them of wood; but if
theaper than tin, I should use the cheapest
wood I could get, that would stay put. —
Eugene Secok.

1. I tftinTcthat the 1-16-inch, sawed sep-
arators are the best. 3. They should be
made of reasonably hard wood, or the bees
will gnaw them. I have never used sliced
separators. — C. H. Dibbebn.

1. I have used sliced ones that seemed
entirely satisfactory. 3. I never made any,
and at the low prices offered, I think that it
is more profitable to buy them. — C. C.
Miller.

1 and 2. If properly handled, I do not
think that there would be much difference.
3. The bees "chew up" basswood, to some
extent. Poplar woiild be better. — R. L.
Taylor.

1. Yes ; any separator is good, that will
act as such; the thinner, the better. 3.
Any wood that can be made thin enough,
without splitting or warping in use. —J. E.
Pond.

1. The sawed ones are the best. Sliced
ones are good, if dried in a press ; if not,
they are crooked, unsatisfactory things. 3.
"White poplar is good — good enough.-^. M.
Shuck.

1. I am using each kind, but I find that
the sawed separators are much better than
the sliced ones. In slicing, it breaks the
grain, and the bees tear it down on the
face of the section. 2. The sliced separa-
tor will answer, but it is not as good as
those sawed smooth. 3. Whitewood is the
best that I have used. — H, D. Cutting.

1. No; sliced separators are not as good
as sawed ones, if of a suitable thickness.
Mine are sawed 14 to the inch. They may
be used for many years, and out-last tin. 2.
Sliced separators will bulge, warp and get
out of shape, and can frequently be used
but once. They cannot be used with open-
side sections. 3. The yellow poplar, or
whitewood, is the best wood to make them
of.— G. L. Tinker.

1. The " sliced " separators are superior
to the sawed ones, when the work is prop-
erly done. All wooden separators that I
have handled, are objectionable, because
they require nice care andhandling to keeji
them from warping out of all shape. Tin
is free from these olijcctions. 3. This is a
qtiestion that concerns the manufacturer
more than the consumer. Linden timlier
furnishes the best that I have seen, though
not as fancy in appearance as white poplar.
— G. W. Demaree.

1 . The Tsuper is a good surplus recepta-
cle, especially for the use of wooden sep-
arators, and whether the sliced or the
shaved are the best, depends upon the
workmanship. A good sliced separator is
better than a poorly shaved one. 2. Yes;
sliced separators are perfectly satisfactory,
and all the better for being thinner. I
have tried all kinds of separators, and
wooden ones, from 1-32 to a bee-space in
thickness, and taking cost and everything
into consideration, I say they should be
about 1-30 of an inch thick, and made of
first-class whitewood or poplar. — James
Heddon.

Heat in Hives with Larvae and
Sealed Brood.

Written for the American Bee Journal

Query 687.— 1. Docs it require as much
heat for larvse and sealed brood, as for eggs ?
That is, when a queen has laid as many eggs
as the colony can keep at the proper tempera-
ture, must she stop laying, or can some of the
bees be spared as soon as tbeeggs are hatched,
to cover freshly laid eggs ? 2. Do larva; or
sealed brood add any heat to the colony ?—
Pennsylvania.

At present, I do not know. — H.D. Cutting.

1. Perhaps not. 8. A little, perhaps. —
M. Mahin.

1. I think so. 2. Certainly some,though,
practically, none. — A. J. Cook.

1. No. 2. Yes. The process of develop-
ment in animal life produces heat. — A. B.
Mason.

1. Probably not. 2. Wherever there is
life, there is heat. — Mrs. L. Harrison.

I have not experimented on this line, and
can only guess; and, that, you can do as
well.— C. H. DiBBERN.

This is theoretical with me, but I should
say: 1. Yes. 2. Yes; but so little that it
is of no consequence. — Eugene Secor.

Sealed brood requires less heat than
larvEe or eggs, the latter requiring from 90
to 96 degrees to perfect them. — G. M. Doo-
little.

1. I believe about six of one, and one-
half dozen of the other. 2. In about the
same ratio that the eggs do, under a setting
hen. — J. M. Hambaugii.

1. It requires more heat for larvae and
sealed brood, as eggs will retain their vital-
ity at a much lower temperature than
larvffi. 2. No; they require heat. — P. L.

VlALLON.

1. It requires a little more heat forlarviP
than for eggs. 8. LarvEe and sealed brood
also add some heat to the colony. — J. P. H.
Brown.

1. I would rather Prof. Cook would an-
swer for me. 2. I suppose that larvae or
pupae, or anything else that eats, evolves
some heat.— James Heddon.

1. I do not know. Bees in a hive are not
practically useful unless there are enough
to cover most of the brood-combs in early
spring. 2. I do not know.— J. M. Shucjc.

1. It depends altogether upon the outside
temperature; but it is evident that the

living larva develops heat to a certain ex-
tent, and, therefore, adds a little to the
colony's heat.— Da])ant & Son.

Where there is life, there is heat; so the
larva? and scaled ln'ood contribute some
heat to the colony, but it is not great
enough to mature .sealed brood without the
presence of the l)ees, at ordinary summer
temperatures. — (x. L. Tinker.

1. I do not known, but I am inclined to
the opinion that more bees are needed to
cover and hatch nut a square foot of comb
tilled with eggs, than to keep the larvae
warm enough in the same amount of comb.
— C. C. Miller.

1. Egg-laying and brood-rearing are con-
stantly going forward. The bees will take
care of the whole matter, if left alone. 3.
Yes, to some extent; but they must Ije kept
warm, else they die, and then no warmth
can come from them. What funny ques-
tions ! — J. E. Pond.

1 . The only experience I have in the mat-
ter of the query, has been obtained by
shipping and receiving eggs, larvae and
sealed brood by mail. The eggs seem to
stand the least exposure of all, while the
sealed brood will stand the most. 2. In
my experince, there is animal heat in a
marked degree in sealed brood. Some
years ago, my apiary was raided by
thieves, and comVjs of brood were scattered
on the ground ; there was a hard frost that
morning, and some of the combs of brood
were white with frost, yet nearly all the
sealed brood hatched.— G. W. Demaree.

1. Bees do not hatch the eggs by "sit-
ting" on them, but by the heat generated
by their bodies, and confined by the walls
of the hive in warm weather, and by the
"crust" of the cluster in cool weather, and
all parts of such warmed space are kept at
the same temperature as nearly as it is
possible, for the bees do it so that a given
piece of comb is at the same temperature
whether it contains eggs, larvae or sealed
brood. 2. It requires much less flame to
keep up the temperature of an incubator
containing eggs in which are half-developed
live chickens, than one containing fresh
eggs. The chicks are generating heat, and
are " adding heat " to the incubator in per-
haps a negative sort of a way. Without
question, it is the same with brood. A
colony could keep at the desired tempera-
ture, a larger space, if it contained nearly
mature brood, than if it contained only
■R. L. Taylor.

A Special Club Rate.

A Magazine of the choice literary charac-
ter which the Illustrated Home Journal
sustains, will add many pleasures to any
"family circle." Its beautiful illustrations
and interesting reading-matter will make it
heartily welcomed at every " fireside " in
the land.

We desire that every one of our readers
should secure its regular visits during the
year 1890, and in order to induce them to
do so, we wUl make this tempting offer :

We will Club the American Bee Journal
and the Illustrated Home Journal, and
mail both periodicals during the w-hole year
1890 for $t.60, if the order is received at
this office by March 31, 1890— when this
offer wUl end, the regular rate being S1.75.

Clubs for anything in our Premium
List may be for either of our Journals, or
for any number of either or both of them.

102

^H® MMBKIC'Mff ®1£® J&JSmMM'Lf.

wid:e frames.

Sectioii-Ca§es, or Wide Frames ?
— IIo-iv Made aud Used.

Written fur the American Bee Journal
BV G. M. DOOLITTLE.

I am asked by a correspondent to
tell the readers of the American Bee
Journal what kind of a section-case
or wide frame I prefer, and use, in
■wprking for comb honej'. As it is
now the time of year when all bee-
keepers sliould be preparing for the
next honej- harvest, perhaps I cannot
do better than to give an outline of
what I use, so that any one who de-
sires to try this style of surplus ar-
rangement, can make a few at this
season of the year.

While I use and recommend these
wide frames, and they are applicable
to an}- bee-hive now in use, I do not
expect tliat all will like just what I do;
therefore I would suggest that those
who wish to try tliem, can make only
a few at first, then, if after a trial of a
year or two they conclude that they
like them, they can make more ; but if,
on the contrary, they do not like them,
thej- have been to no great expense in
finding out what they want.

All that is necessary, is to make the
sections and wide frames so that they
will tit the top of the hive used. Get
all the pieces out true and square, after
■which nail them over a true, square
form, so that each wide frame will fit
exactly against its neighbor, for one
section-case is to be made out of a
number of wide frames.

I also use separators on these wide
frames, if I want universally nice
honey. If to be used on the tiering-up
plan, the tops and bottoms are to be
made J of an inch narrower than the
ends ; if onl}- one tier high, as 1 pre-
fer to use them, then have the tops the
thickness of the tin wider than the
sides or ends, for the separators are to
be nailed to the ends.

FASTENING ON TIN SEPARATORS.

After using several kinds of ma-
terials for separators, I prefer tin to
anything else. The nailing on of this
tin has much to do with our liking, or
disliking, wide frames ; for if nailed
on loosely, so as to kink and bulge,
the operator will become disgusted
with them. When I first made them,
I used a hand-vise to draw the tin
tight, having things so arranged that I
could pry over one end of the wide
frame, thus stretching the tin so tightly

tliat it would fairly ring when hit a
little. While thus working one day, I
noticed that in drawing the tin very
taut, I often sprung the top and bot-
tom of the frame, out or in, as the case
might be, and from this I soon had a
way of putting on the tin perfectly,
every time.

I made a form a trifle shorter than
the frame was long, outside measure ;
this form being perfectly true and
square, which gave advantage over the
vise method, for with that the frame
was sometimes drawn out of true.

Next, I made a block the size of the
frame (except a little shorter), and of
the same thickness as the ends of the
frames, whicli was tacked to the form.
To use it, I sprung or bent the top and
bottom bar of the frame a little, thus
shortening it, until it bent into the
form, when I laid on the tin separator,
placing a straight edge on top of the
tin, and a weight on this. 1 then had
the tin just where I wanted it, with all
the bulging taken out of it, when it
was nailed fast to the wide frame.
Upon removing it from the form, the
top and bottom sprung back into place
again, thus drawing the separator as
tight as a drum- head.

After the wide frames are all made,
and the sepaiators put on, they are to
be tilled witli sections, when they are
ready to be ke3'ed together so as to
form the section-case.

I have tried all ways of keying these
wide frames together, using in a clamp,
etc., all of which I did not like, as I
wshed a plan that would allow of
using as few or as many wide frames
on a hive as I pleased — from two up to
twelve, according to the strength of
the colony ; for often, with the old
plans, we are obliged to give too much
surplus room to start with. Finally, I
accomplished what I was after, by pro-
curing some rubber bands about I of
an inch wide. These I cut into pieces
23 inches long. To one end I attached
a fine, stout string (by means of a
slip-knot) about 5 inches long, and to
the other end, one about 18 inches
long. The short string was firmly
tied to a nail driven into the end of the
board which comes against the outside
of the outer wide frame ; another be-
ing attached to the opposite end of
this board in the same way.

Lately, I have used coil-wire springs
(such as are used on hanging lamps to
keep the shades up) in place of the
rubber bands, and I find them superior
to the rubber, in that they give a
stronger tension, and will last a life-
time, while the rubber has to be re-
newed every few yeai's. Still, the rub-
ber bands answer a good purpose, and
can be renewed as often as necssary,
where it is not easy to find the springs.

In each end of the board which
goes on the outside of the opposite
outside wide frame, is driven a large-
headed, steel-wire carpet-tack. The
tack is driven in within about one
thirty-second of an inch of its large
head, so that when a string is wound
around it a little more than once, it is
clamped as securely as if tied.

The wide frames of sections are now
placed on the hive, two, three, five,
eight, or twelve, as the colony requires;
putting on the little outside board to
close all, draw the rubber till a sti'ong
tension is made, and wind the string
around the tack. In this way the wide
frames are held as In a vise, yet they
give all the lateral movement required,
so as to use the right number which
the apiarist may desire, and can be
taken off as one case, or separately,
tiered up, reversed, interchanged, etc.,
according to the views of the most
exacting.

With this arrangement, there is no
need of a honey-board to keep the
brace-combs oft" the sections, for they
are fully protected by the wide frames.
Where contraction of the brood-cham-
ber is jiracticed, so that there is dan-
ger of the queen entering the sections,
then it is well to use the wood-zinc,
queen-excluding honey-board, which
keeps her below, no matter how small
the brood-nest.

For new swarms, I like the contrac-
tion principle, and use it largely on
such ; but for all other colonies, I use
nothing over the frames except this
section-case of wide frames, only
where there are not enough wide
frames put on a hive to fully cover
the brood-frames below, then the bee-
quilt, or enameled cloth covering, used
before the sections were put on, is
folded back over these frames, thus
making all tight, so that no bees can
come above.

During the height of the season, the
whole top of the hive is covered, as a
natural consequence ; but as the season
draws to a close, the wide frames are
again contracted, so as to have as few
unfinished sections in the fall as pos-
sible, when the enameled cloth is again
brought into play, spreading it out
fui'ther and further, as the wide frames
filled with honey are taken off, so that
at the end of the season, there will
only be the two or three wide frames
on the hive, which there were to start
with.

There may possibly be a little more
labor in this way of securing honey,
than there is by some other plans, but
as it conforms perfectly with the wants
of the bees, enough more honey is
secured to more than pay for the extra
labor.

Borodino, N. Y.

Ttww rn'mmmiGifn mmm jouRificiu.

103

f..»..^*.^^^^^^-*.^*..^>^-^-*^-**-*--*-*^A^A^Mli^A^A^A^A^A^A^fc>A^A^*^A^ifc<fcA^J

fc^AJfcA.^AJ

BEE-ITEMS.

Experience with Qiieciii*— Race§
of Bees, ele.

Written for the American BeeJowmaZ

BV JAMES T. FIFE.

In 1888, I ordered 50 queens from
breeders who patronize the Ameijican
Bee Journal, and I promised some
of them that I would rejwrt my success
with the various queens. This I could
not do without doing great injustice
to some who sent me very fine queens ;
for some of them came early in the
season, others late ; some came when
there was a good honey-flow, others
when there was no flow. I took con-
siderable pains in measuring the brood,
but the circumstances were so tlifler-
ent that I could not make a just esti-
mate, and so better none at all.

I sold all my bees in South Kansas
except 2 colonies — one with a Doolit-
tle queen, and the other with a queen
trom a breeder in Texas. Those 2
colonies I shipped back here to South
Iowa ; I divided each twice, making 6
colonies out of the two. I took from
one of them, spring count, 215 pounds;
from the other, 97 pounds of honey,
besides i-earing queens.

I would get a neighbor bee-keeper
to give me some swarms, for which I
would give him young queens when
reared. I had the queen-cells ready,
and when I brought home my new
swarm, I put the cell in it, thus letting
each swarm rear the queen, to pay for
itself. In this way I traded for 14
swarms, and now I have 20 colonies,
apparently in good condition, to com-
mence with next spring.

I did not weigh the honey taken
from the bees traded for, but I sold
$15.00 worth, gave away considerable
to friends, usea all we wanted in our
family, and, on Aug. 1, we had a full
. barrel of honey still on hand. How is
that for 2 colonies ? This was all
white clover honey ; heart's-ease has
formerly been the. honej'-plant of this
part of the country, but this year it
gave no nectar.

I have for years been a reader of
the American Bee Journal, and am
much pleased with many of the con-
tributors. Recently I noticed Prof. A.
J. Cook's description of the various
races of bees. In the past I have been
experimenting with many of the differ-
ent races, and I concluded to use the
Italian bees. I find that there is more
difference in families, than there is in
races, so I have sought after the most
prolific and industrious families ; but
after reading Prof. Cook's article, I
have decided to try the Carniolan bees
the coming summer.

I practice reversing the brood-nost,
and when it is done at the proper time,
I believe it is profitable, but not other-
wise.

I consider that it pays to feed bees,
so I feed in two wajs, viz : First, in
the spring and sunmier, by filling the
cells and hanging the frame in th(!
hive ; second, in tlie winter, by making
honey-cand}-, and placing it over the
frames in such a way that the bees can
get around it; then it is unnecessary
to feed every day, as one can feed suf-
ficient for several days, with no danger
from robber bees.

No person should keep bees unless
he gives them the same attention that
he gives to any other pursuit. The
person that does not take interest
enough in the bees to study their
habits, and provide for their wants, is
unworthy the fruit of their labors.

Corning, Iowa.

HONEY.

Calling it " modifled," Instead
of " Digested," IVeetar.

Written for the Amertr-nn Bee Journal
BY CHAS. DADANT.

These words, "digested nectar," ad-
vocated by some savants of America,
have, so far, occupied too large a space
in the columns of our bee-periodicals.
According to the ideas of these gentle-
men, "digested" means that honey is
in a condition to be ready for assimila-
tion ; j-et I have seen some people get-
ting indigestion by eating comb honey,
when their stomachs were yet loaded
with some of the food of their last
meal. In such cases, at least, the in-
digestion contradicted the idea of Mr.
Heddon, that the wax of the comb
helps digestion.

Mr. Kanzler, on page 70, goes
further in the definition of the word
digested, for he says that eggs are
digested worms — and milk, digested
grass. Then the horns, skins, hairs,
bones, and flesh of cows are digested
grass, too ; yet they are far from be-
ing ready for assimilation.

No doubt the word "digestion"
means change in the substances di-
gested. In chemistry, it means to mix
or to combine slowly some substances,
such as stomachs of hogs with chlorhy-
dric acid to obtain pepsine ; thorn ap-
ple and alcohol, to get a narcotic ; bit-
ter apple with alcohol, to have a pur-
gative and vomiting drug, etc. But to
the minds of most of us bee-keepers,
the idea of such digestions is far from
exciting appetite. Furthermore, these
digested drugs are not all ready for
assimilation.

The nectar is often but half-digested,
and, as we cannot say that a half-

changed matter is digested, I think
that tliis term, when applied to honey,
ought to be replaced by the word
" modified."

The discussion raised on this word
is of no more consequence, for us bee-
keepers, tlian the one relating to the
uses of the three pairs of glands of
worker-bees. It had been admitted,
for scores of years, that the highest
pair of these glands had the function
of secreting the larval food, when
Leon Dufour advanced that this food
was a product of the stomach of the
young bees, and found a few savants
to endorse this view ; although coming
from a man wlio had emitted the ab-
surd theory tliat the bee-keepers, who
had advanced that the scales of wax
were secreted in the pockets placed
between the rings of the abdomen of
bees, were mistaken, for these particles
of wax were produced in their mouths,
and placed in these pockets by the
bees, to be flattened and ready for use.
Both of these theories show that, too
often, men of science regard as truths,
the conceptions of their imagination.

Hamilton, Ills.

HIVE-COVERS.

The Advantages of the Flat-
Board Covers for Hives.

Wt'itten for the American Dee Journal
BY L. yf. LIGHTY.

The cover is one of the important
parts of the hive. There are a great
variety in use, such as enameled cloth,
or oil-cloth, straw mats, and mats, etc.,
of other material resting on the
frames or sections. These mats or
cloths are very inconvenient — make
double work, and, most of all, are
death-traps, for at some unexpected
time, the bees will find a little corner
or hole to get into the cap, or space
above the cloth, and when you open it,
you will be horrified to find a pint or
more of dead bees, and then you will
wish you had a better plan, and re-
solve to look oftener after them ; bu^
it will occur again and again.

The only hive-cover that is conven-
ient, and will save the lives of the
bees, is a plain, good board, with two
cross-pieces nailed or screwed on top,
at each end, to keep it from warping.
There must be a bee-space on top of
the brood-frames, aud on top of the
sections, and you can lay the cover on,
and be through, with no fixing or ad-
justing of mats, and, after all, have a
lot of bees die of starvation.

I notice that some bee-keepers ob-
ject to the board because so many bees
are smashed ; but I can open and close
ten hives with flat-board covers, in the

104

T'MW mwMmmi^mm mmw jowkkmi^.

same time that it takes to open and
close five liives witli a cap and mat,
and witli liilling only one-tentli as
many bees. The flat board is also
cheaper, and more easily made. In
these days of close calcnlation, we
must economize.

Some will want a cap to put a cush-
ion in, in winter ; but I simply add a
brood-chamber, and have the space I
desire for winter, and am not bothered
with it when I do not need it.

I was never troubled with brace-
combs in the bee-space under the
cover, if made of the proper size ; but
when using a mat, the bees would
work until they had a space arranged
to suit themselves, and had the mat
secured from side to side.

I am sure that if any one gives the
flat-board cover a fair trial, he will
have no other.

Mulberry, Pa.

FLORIDA.

Bees Gatberiiig Honey — Swarm-
in$; Expected Soon.

Written for the American Bee Jounial
BY JOHN CRAYCRAFT.

orange bloom comes on, which will be
about the last of February, from which
we get our first fine honey ; and this
will last for about four weeks. We
hope to get it strictly pure, and we
hope to send a sample to the Bee
Journal oflice, so that the editor may
judge as to its merits.

We have otily 38 colonies, but ex-
pect to double them within the next
sixty days. We will work for in-
crease, as our fields would sufter, for
along the I'iver for about fifty miles, it
is almost one continuous, unbroken
swamp on one side or the other, with
many orange groves, some on the river
banks, and others on the dead river
branches, that extend out in many
places ; so that where desired we can
move bees bees very easily and safely
on the river, by boats (small row-
boats). The river is very narrow, and
is not much in the way of bees flying.
This day I saw our yellow Italian bees
two miles up the river, on the willows.
There are no Italian bees near us.

St. Francis, Fla., Jan. 30, 1890.

We read the Bee Journal care-
fully, and learn from its pages what
the bee-keepers through all the North
are doing, and in various places in
foreign climes. The words given by
the numerous correspondents show
that throughout the North there is a
very mild winter, very often with bees
on the wing. Whether this will termi-
nate for the best, is to be decided
later. 1 fear that stores will be con-
sumed before they will be able to
gather again.

This is not the case with us. I do
not think that tliere have been five
days since Dec. 1, but what our bees
have stored a surplus. About Dec. 15,
the maples began to bloom, and there
was a continuous flow of honey, the
bees gathering a surplus and building
comb ; and for the past ten days the
willows have been giving them all
they can do — more honey being stored
than is best for fast brood-rearing, the
queens being crowded. We did not
desire to extract, for the honey is dark,
with a great deal of pollen in it. This
willow-flow will last, from what I saw
to-day along the river, for at least ten
days more ; there is great quantities of
it along the river, and in the swamp.
The willow is similar to the kilmonark
that I have seen in Indiana and Ken-
tucky.

Drones are out daily, and we expect
swarms at any time, although we are
trying to equalize all colonies, so as to
have all the field-bees possible when

SELF-HIVER.

Its Advantage in the Apiary-
Foul Brood.

Written Jor theAinerican Bee Journal
BY GEORGE SHIBER.

I was very much interested in read-
ing, on page 27, Mr. Alley's article in
regard to his new swarm-hiver. It is
truly a novelty in that line, and it is
much more interesting to note that it
will work. I am glad that some one
has perfected an arrangement which is
for the good of a part of the fraternity
of bee-keepers, who do not make a
specialty of bee-keeping, but keep say
ten or a dozen colonies for the pleasure
and profit of the honey.

Swarming has been the only objec-
tionable thing about bee-keeping, to
me, and now perhaps that objection
can be safely laid away to rest.

There are a number of persons who
have made known the fact since, that
they have used a similar device for
hiving swarms, but the question nat-
urally arises — why have they not made
it known ? What a boon it will be, if
practiced, to have bees hive them-
selves ! Who, but the initiated, can
imagine the consternation of a bee-
keeper, upon arriving home from
business in the afternoon, to find his
best queen has departed with — well,
never mind the rest, a person feels
tired, nevertheless ; and I say " Hail !"
to the man who can make us easy on
that score, and there are many who
can second this.

AN EXPERIENCE WITH FOUL BROOD.

On page 54 is a very able article on
" Foul Brood," by Mr. R. L. Taylor.
It is able, because it is true to nature,
and his description of it is just as it
appears. He says :

"The descriptions of it, which have
been most prominent, are of it as it
appears in badly diseased colonies."
Everj' bee-keeper whose apiary has
never been visited by the disease,
ought to read that quotation twice,
and then read "between the lines."

How well I remember the first time
I saw indications of foul brood in my
own hives. Perhaps, on the whole,
there were not over a hundred infected
cells in the hive ; nevertheless, I was
scared at once, and upon ■ taking out
portions of the diseased brood, I dis-
covered the indications which all, no
doubt, are familiar with.

I went to work at once, and com-
menced dosing with medicated syrup,
carbolic acid being the active princi-
ple (the one five-hundredth formula).
Honey was coming in freely, so I
poured it over the combs (the feed) ;
consequently the disease did not gain
much headway, or rather, it got better.
" O !" though I, "the disease is mine ;
I have a finger on its throat." Did it
cure it ? " Wait till you hear the end."
When the honey-flow ceased, and
the feeding was stopped, they were
worse than ever ; the feed is good to
keep it in check, but I cannot believe
that it will stamp it out, root and
branch, as long as the bees remain on
the old combs ; for it is a fact, that the
disease leaves a black, tary substance
in the cells, and I am inclined to be-
lieve that this gummy mass retains the
germs of disease. The only thing I
know, which will entirely eradicate
the disease, is by giving them a new
hive and sheets of foundation (after
Muth's treatment) .

As regards the honey crop : The
disease can be kept in check so that it
will not materially decrease the sur-
plus honey. Feeding phenolated syrup
in the spring, prepared as laid down
in Cheshire's book, you will find the
hives boiling over with bees, ready for
the honey harvest, so that no one need
expect to lose much in this respect.
On the other hand, your colony, or col-
onies, need much more attention ; for
if the disease is allowed to gain much
headway during that period of the
year when little honey is coming in, it
will greatly deplete their number of
bees.

Another idea is in regard to the cap-
pings being perforated at a certain
stage. Mr. Taylor's experiences agree
with mine. I have noted the fact that
you will not find one-third of the dis-
eased cappings pierced, and a part of

'e^mm Mimmmicifim umm jouRriJiiLr.

105

t*^*^»^*^fc<

''^*^*~*^*'^*'*'-'

these will have a large, irregular hole,
while others have smaller pioreiiigs
down to the regulation " pin-head
size."

I vote for the golden-rod as the
" national flower."

Olean, N. Y.

PRIZE ESSAY.

Extracted Honey — One method
of lis Produetion,

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY O. P. MILLER.

I do not know of any better way to
write on this subject, than to give my
way of producing extracted honey.

I use tlie Langstroth, 8 and 10
framed hive. In the spring I build up
colonies as fast as I can, during fruit-
bloom, so as to get them in prime con-
dition by the time white clover blooms
— this I do by supplying the hive with
empty worker-comb (kept over from
the previous year) as fast as needed,
until they are just booming with bees.

I then put on the surplus hive or
super, and put two or three empty
combs in super No. 1, and two frames
of brood and honey from the brood-
chamber, and fill the brood-chamber
with empty brood-combs.

As the brood in super No. 1 hatches
out, the bees fill the cells with honey,
and also work on the other empty
combs, as needed, until the hive is
full. As soon as super No. 1 is full of
comb, and nearly full of unsealed
honey, I lift it oflf, and put in its stead
super No. 2, taking three frames from
No. 1, and put them into No. 2, with
three or four empty frames, as the
strength of the colony may indicate ;
I also fill up No. 1 again with empty
combs, then put No. 1 on top of No. 2,
observing this rule — always putting
the frames, whether full or empty, in
the center of the hive, be it the same
super or brood-chamber, that the clus-
ter be not broken but continuous from
the bottom to the top.

As soon as the frames of super No.
1 are full, and two-thirds sealed over,
it is extracted, and immediately put
between No. 2 and the brood-chamber;
and No, 2 is worked in the same way,
leaving the brood-chamber entirely to
the queen. What I mean by this is,
not extracting from the brood-chamber,
as some do. In the meantime, if I am
very busy, I put on the third super,
and work them as I do Nos. 1 and 2.

In extracting, the honey is put in an
open-headed barrel, covered with
screen-wire ; this takes all the pieces
of comb and bees out, and keeps out
flies and bees, and does not hinder
evaporation. The barrel is exposed
to the sun and air. The impurities

arise to the top, and the honey is
dravvn out at the bottom of the barrel.

MiNAGING THE INCKEASE.

I will now give ray method of in-
crease, which, if not directly, is in-
directly connected with this way of
obtaining extracted honey. I will also
state that ray bees did not attempt to
swarm more tlian three times during
1889, and two of those swarms issued
from one hive. Now for the plan of
increase :

There will generally be two or three
combs in the centre of the super next
to the brood-cliamber, which will be
partly tilled with brood ; these I re-
move to the nucleus hives, prepared
for the purpose, putting three or four
frames in a hive, with enough bees to
keep the brood warm. This nucleus I
build up as fast as possible, so as to
have a full colony by the time the fall
flow begins, so that they may fill their
hive for winter, and they frequently
store consideral)le in the super. By
this means, I have nearly all the old
bees at work during the honej'-flow, as
many of the old bees will leave the
new, just-formed nucleus hive.

Now for the results : I began the
year of 1889 with 16 colonies, and
worked 14 for extracted honey. I in-
creased them to 40, took 2,000 pounds
of honey, and they have yet an aver-
age of at least 25 pounds each. We
had a frost in May that killed all the
linden bloom, and injured other
flowers considerable ; also a very dry-
fall, cutting the fall crop ofi' short in
September — altogether not making
more than about two-thirds of a crop.

Besides this, I have had a great
many combs built, and have consider-
able surplus beeswax — enough to keep
me in foundation. These last two
items cannot be realized in the pro-
duction of comb honey. I can sell my
honey very readily at 9 and 10 cents
per pound — while comb honey sells at
10 to 12} cents.

Glendon, Iowa.

HIVE-SWARMER.

Self-Hiving Arrangements and
their Originators.

Written Sor the American Bee Journal

BY HENKT ALLEY.

Being interested in ' 'hive-swarmers,"
I must say that I am much amused at
the claims of priority of invention by
several who have now come forward
to share in the honor of having been
first " in the field " with a. swarmer.

How is it that those who have in-
vented these wonderful things, have
kept them from the public eye so long?

Why did lliey not, long ago, bring
them out, and not wait for others to
do so, and tlien come forward and
claim all the lionor of the invention ?
Instead of putting their inventions to
practical use, after having used the
swarmers one year, they cast them
aside, never to be brought out again
until some one else was found who had
abetter device. This coming in at
"the eleventh hour," and claiming all
the honor and profits, is hardly the
thing.

Some of the claimants for the honor
of the invention of the swarmer do not
really know what became of their
wonderful inventions. They had used
them ; hung them up in some out-of-
the-way place, and that is all they
seem to know about it. O, they were
great things — worked finely ! but of
no consequence to the bee-keeper till
they thought some other person was
likely to make something out of it.

I must say that I admire the disposi-
tion of Mr. Stephens (seepage 70). He
says, " In the summer of 1888, I in-
vented and used the same device (as
Mr. Alley's). My tube was made of
screen-wire," etc. That is just where
the thing is wrong, and is unlike mine.
Years ajro I tested the screen-wire
business, and found it was not the
thing ; it would not work any better in
my apiary than it did in Mr. Stephens',
aud that is why Mr. S. and I cast it a
side.

Notwithstanding the fact that I do
not connect two drone-traps with
screen-wire to construct a swarmer ;
and notwithstanding the fact that I
spent my time in testing the difl^erent
materials to use for a passage-way to
conduct a queen from one hive to
another when a colony of bees swarm,
a person now comes forward to claim
all the honor of my invention !

Considering the fact that Mr.
Stephens used his device one season,
and having found jt impractical — as
impractical it is, if constructed as de-
scribed by Mr. S. ; and, also consider-
ing the fact that Mr. S. does not give
one instance where his swarmer evei*
hived a swarm of bees, though he and
several well-known and reputable
parties watched it, I must say that his
claims for an equal division of the
honor and profits in my swarmer are
quite moderate !

Now, if I say that a patent for a
swarmer was granted a man more
than three years ago, Mr. Stephens
may modify his demands made upon
me for a dlvison of the spoils.

Not onlj' has one patent been grant-
ed for a swarmer, but another party
has had claims in the Patent Oflice
over three years, for a patent on
another swarmer. This is rather dis-
couraging news to all those who claim

106

Tm® MM®MicMif mmm j©tsjri«mi..

to be the Jirst inventors of self swanu-
hivers-

It is queer that all those who have
described their swarmers in these col-
umns, entertain the idea that I never
saw a swarmer until this winter !
What a queer idea !

It will not be out of place here for
me to say that all swarmers, thus far
described, infringe the patent which I
hold on the drone-and-queen trap.
The principle for which letters patent
were granted in the year 1884, is not
changed- by the slight changes in the
construction of the trap.

Now about the practicability of
swarmers : None of those who claim
the invention of swarmers, dared to
describe them in the bee-papers, for
the reason that not one of them, after
testing, were found of any practical
worth. The screen-wire used to con-
nect the two hives did not work satis-
factorily ; that is, I found it so, and no
doubt others found it the same. The
wire-screen destroj'ed the connection
between the bees and queen, after she
had entered the new hive. The per-
forated metal furnishes a continuous
passage-way from the home hive to
the empty hive, for the bees to enter
the new hive when they swarm and re-
turn in search of their queen. Most
readers can see that there is a great
difference between using screen-wire
and pei'forated metal, when applied to
a swarm-hiver.

Wenham, Mass.

COWTEWTIOM DIRECTORY.

Uoolittle on <t"Cd>-ICeai*ing'.

Queens can be reared in the upper stories
of hives used for extracted honey, where a
queen-excluding honey -board is used, which
are as good, if not superior, to Queens
reared by any other process ; and that, too,
while the old Queen is doing duty below,
just the same as though Queens were not
being reared above. This is a fact, though
it is not generally known.

If you desire to know how this can be
done — how to have Queens fertilized in up-
per stories, while the old Queen is laying
below — how you may safely mtroducc any
Queen, at any time of the year when bees
cay fly — all about the different races of
bees — all about shipping Queens, queen-
cages, candy for queen-cages, etc. — all
about forming nuclei, multiplying or unit-
ing bees, or weak colonies, etc. ; or, in fact
everything about the queen-business which
you may want to know, send for " Doolit-
tle's Scientific Queen-Rearing;" a book of
170 pages, which is nicely bound in cloth,
and as interesting as any story. Price,
$1.00.

An edition in strong paper covers is is-
sued tor premiums. It will be mailed as a
present to any one who will send us two
new subscribers to either the Bee Journal
or the Illusthateo Home Journal.

1890. Time and place of meeting.

Feb. 19-20.-0hio State, at Cleveland, O.

Miss Dema Bennett, Sec Bedford, O.

Feb. 19-20.-N. E. Ohio. N. W. Pa., and Western New
York, at Cleveland, Oh id.

Geo. Spitler. Sec., Mosiertown, Pa.

May 1.— Southwestern Wisconsin, at Boscobel, Wis.
Benj. E. Kice, Sec., Boscobel, Wis.

May 3.— Susquehanna Co.. at Hopbottom, Pa.

H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.

May 19.— Northern Illinois, at Rockford, Ills.

D. A. Fuller, Sec, Cherry Valley, Ills.

In order to have this table complete,

Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — The Editor.

BeKs ure Rooming— Cedar Itloom

The weather has been so mild this winter
that vegetation is growing like it does in
the spring — red clover was in bloom on
Christmas. Bees are fairly booming, and
have been carrying in pollen since Jan. 10.
I have 30 colonies in good condition, some
of which are working as strongly as if in
the midst of a honey harvest. Bees are
now at work on cedar blossoms — something
that I never noticed before. I do not know
whether they get nectar or pollen from
them. E. W. Powers.

Palmyra, Mo., Feb. 3, 1890.

Xhe eolden-Kod Did Well.

We have no reason to complain of the
honey season of 1889, but everything to be
thankful for. We hope that 1890 may be
another big bee-year. I did not get as much
honey as some of my neighbors, as I was
working for increase ; but some of my colo-
nies gave 160 pounds each, and 12 of the
best colonies gathered 10 pounds each of
golden-rod honey, and I left considerable
honey with the rest of them.

Tiverton, Out. Matthew Allison.

4iioIden-Rod Honey— S^varmin;;.

I notice that one correspondent says, on
page 58, that he does not think "there ever
was an ounce of golden-rod gathered." As
I am one that has reported honey being
gathered from golden-rod, I suppose, in his
opinion, I and others who have reported
securing honey from golden-rod, must be
mistaken. I cannot account for the differ-
ent reports, except from the difference in
location. I kept bees for twelve years in
Iowa, and I never knew them to get any
honey from that source there ; I have kept
bees seven years here in Missouri, and I
know whereof I speak, when I say that bees
gather honey from golden-rod here. They
do not get it every year, but some years we
get a good surplus from it. I have seen
the bees very thick on it— from one to six
or eight bees on one stalk, and they were
bringing in the nice, golden-colored honey
fast from it, and not from asters, as one
correspondent claimed.

Another correspondent claims that Mr.
Doolittle is wrong in his opinions in regard
to giving swarms a frame of brood to pre-
vent absconding. I came to the same con-
clusion as Mr. Doolittle has, years ago, and
have not for years practiced it. There are
other good reasons against this practice, as
well as its failure to prevent swarms from

absconding. Still another corresrondent
claims that Mr. Doolittle's plan of forming
nuclei does not work with him. Now I
must say that I think the fault is with the
correspondent instead of the method, as I
have practiced it a good many times, and
always with success. It would be easy to
make a failure, if you should happen to get
the queen from the hive where you got the
bees for the nuclei ; the result would be,
that when you give them a queen (thinking
they had none) she would be destroyed.
L. G. Purvis.
Forest City, Mo., Feb. 4, 1890.

[The letter from Mr. Ira Reeves was pub-
lished on page 58, while we were confined
to our bed, as announced in these columns.
Had we been able to reply, one would have
followed the letter. Mr. Reeves certainly
could not mean to record anything more
than the observations of himself and his
neighbors in that locality, and while the
golden-rods yield honey in many localities,
we are well aware that in other places they
have often failed to do so. This will ex-
plain the position taken by Mr. Reeves. —
Ed.]

Xhe Uibbern Hee-E^tcape.

Being much interested in the bee-escapes
receiving so much attention at the present
time, I obtained the latest invention of Mr.
Dibbern. I could not quite get the idea
from the illustration on page 798 of the
Americas Bee Journal for 1889. Per-
haps I am a little dull in that direction. I
have the device now. I am not in the
habit of praising things before a trial, but
from what I know of the habits of bees,
and judging this device theoretically, I be-
lieve it will work. The beauty of it is its
idea of practicality. No, that is not all,
because the escape is beautiful in design
and in workmanship. It will evidently
work on any kind of a hive. A circular
hole of the proper diameter, is all that is
needed to affix it to a honey -board or cover
that has a bee-space above and below.

Since the escapes are so inexpensive, they
will certainly be thoroughly tried the com-
ing season. If this will work successfully
between the brood-chamber and the ex-
tracting-super in the fall of the year, when
bees so stick to their combs, I shall feel like
Sancho Panza did when he blessed the man
who invented sleep. Mr. Dibbern has given
us an idea that is worthy of a patent.
Many simpler articles have been patented,
and that he has donated the idea to the
fraternity, should not tempt us to filch the
product of his genius.

Forest City, Iowa. Eugene Secor.

Self Hivers— Carniolanizins Bees

Do you publish a German edition of the
American Bee Journal! I prize the Bee
Journal very much, and do not intend to
be without it as long as I keep bees. I
commenced last spring with one colony of
Italians, that I bought the summer before ;
they swarmed once, and I took 120 pounds
of honey in two-pound sections, mostly
white clover, but some of it was from
golden-rod and aster. I bought 3 more
colonies in the fall, and all of them have
plenty of honey — enough to carry them
through the winter, unless we have too
much warm weather. They were flying on
Jan. 28th and 39th, being the first time
they had been out since Nov. 6, although
the winter had been very mUd up to about
the middle of January.

I heard of very much the same kind of a
self-hiving arrangement as Mr. Alley's,sev-

•T'H® m^mMMicmM wmm jo/URumi^.

107

eral years ago. A German here kept bees
in the old country before he came over, five
years ago, and he says that they used the
same device there beture he left. If I have
time I shall try Mr. Dibble's plan described
on page 73, the coming summer. It is
much simpler than Mr. Alley's, and I think
that it is much better. Will Mr. Dibble
please answer this ipiestiou : How would
it do to use a strip of queen-excluding
honey-board on the front of the hive, in
place of the honey-board under the frames?

When is the best time to Carniolianize
my bees, by introducing a queen* How
would it do to destroy all queen-cells in the
parent hive, immediately after swarming,
and then send for a queen and introduce
her* G. D. Tolman.

Shawano, Wis., Feb. 3, 1890.

[We do not publish a German edition of
the Bee Journal. To do as you suggest
will be all right about introducing a Car-
niolan queen. — Ed.]

A Very Raiuy Season.

We have had more rain here this season
than people can remember of, that have
been here for 12 or 15 years. I expect a
good honey harvest this year.

C. SCHLIESMATER.

Pasadena, Calif., Jan. 3.5, 1890.

Poor Season tor Bee-Keeping.

The honey crop was almost a failure last
season — it was the poorest season in this
locality for honey and increase that I re-
member of for 25 years. I have 100 colo-
nies, all in good condition. I put them into
winter quarters on Nov. 38, 1889.

M. Snyder.

Berne, N. Y., Jan. 30, 1890.

Japanese Buclovlieat, etc.

The beeshad a general jollification to-day,
flying as briskly as in spring — a gentleman
driving to my house was in fear of having
his horse stung ; I think that his fears were
unfounded, however, as the bees seemed
too much absorbed in their pleasures, to
show any displeasure at the approach of
any one. The lack of snow is destroying
great quantities of clover. I would recom-
mend the sowing of Japanese buckwheat,
which proves a great yielder of both grain
and honey the last season.

S. J. YOUNGMAN.

Lakeview, Mich., Jan. 21, 1890.

will get too cold, if this cold weather lasts
much longer.

I have one half acre of Alsiko clover,
which IiIoomiimI last summer for the first
time, and I never saw bees work on any
blossoms as they did on that. I shall sow-
more of it in the spring. I think that if all
bee-keepers would sow some houey-pro-
ducing plants, such as Alsike, white clover
and buckwheat, and would plant plenty of
basswood, soft maple and l)Ox-elder trees,
they would not have to report so many
failures of the honey crop. If bees pay at
all, I say, give them plenty of pasturage,
and they will give still greater returns to
the apiarist. 1 have about a dozen bass-
wood trees in a grove near the house,
which I planted ten or twelve years ago;
they have produced blossoms for three
years, and I never saw any basswood
trees in their native woods that bore such
a profusion of blossoms ; besides, I planted
at the same time 100 or more soft maples
and box-elders, which give the bees some-
thing to work on ; I also have thousands of
white willows planted, which furnish the
bees with pollen and honey very early in
the spring. It pays to raise honey-pro-
ducing plants and trees. D. B. Cassadt.

Litchfield, Minn., Jan. 21, 1890.

Some Experience— lloney-Xrees.

Last spring I bought 2 colonies of bees,
and one cast 3 good swarms in May, and
the other did not swarm at all, but I got
165 pounds of surplus honey from it, be-
sides storing plenty to winter on. The
colony that swarmed, stored about -15
pounds, and the 2 new colonies stored
enough, with what the mother colony
stored, to make 365 pounds of surplus
honey in all. One of the new colonies cast
2 swarms, which stored plenty for the
winter. I sold enough honey to pay for
the 2 old colonies, and had all the honey
we could eat all summer and fall. I have
nothing on the farm that has paid me bet-
ter for the capital invested, than did those
2 colonies of bees, and now I have 6 colo-
nies in winter quarters, and the tempera-
ture in the bee-cellar has been between 36
and 42 degrees above zero ; the past two or
three days, at from 36 to 38 degrees below
outside, and at the same time it was 36 to
38 degrees inside. I am afraid my cellar

IVinteriiijs: I^icely— Alsike Clover

Bees in this locality are wintering nicely,
so far. They had plenty of natural stores,
but gave us "but little .surplus. I have 36
colonies packed in clover chaff, and on the
summer stands. Which is best for seed,
the first, or the second, crop of Alsike
clover J Wm. G. Cokt.

Cason, Ind., Jan. 37, 1890.

[Alsike clover ripens in the latitude of
Chicago, in the latter part of July, but
need not be cut until August, if the
weather should be unfavorable. The crop
of seed is always obtained from this cut-
ting, in which respect it is unlike the com-
mon red. It is not advisable to cut this
clover more than once each season, but it
may be pastured moderately during the
fall. When cut for seed, it may be threshed
from the field with a common clover ma-
chine ; but, if more convenient, it may be
stacked and threshed during the fall or
winter. — Ed.]

^Vinler Stores— I>is;estedl Mectar.

My bees have had a jolly time to-day, so
I took off the covers and gave them an air-
ing, and I think that it did them good. We
have had so much rain that the chaff was a
little damp, but the sun dried it out nicely
during the daj". I examined 3 colonies, and
found they were rearing brood very fast —
too much so, I think. I am of the opinion
that bee-keepers will have to do a good deal
of feeding this spring. My bees have con-
sumed nearly half of their winter stores,
already. Talk about wintering a colony on
30 pounds of honey ! My bees have used
that amount up to this date ; but of course
we have had an unusually warm winter,
which accounts for it. There seems to be
more bees in the hives now, than there
were last fall. I would like to hear some-
thing more about "digested nectar;" it
seems to me that somebody ought to know
whether honey is digested nectar or not.
My simple opinion is, that there is nothing
digested about it. If it is digested, it seems
to me that the water that there is in nectar
would be absorbed so that the bees could
cap it as fast as gathered.

Orville Jones.

Stockbridge, Mich., Feb. 3, 1890.

Strainin;; Extractetl Honey.

In the "prize essay," on page 53, by Dr.
G. P. Hachenberg, he speaks of straining
honey. I got sick of stiaining honey
through a cloth the first year I extracted
honey. When I extract honey, I jiut it into
alcohol barrels as fast as it comes from the
extractor; when one barrel is full, I let it
stand a day or two, and every imimrity in
the honey will come to the toj), when I
skim off all that I can get. When I sell it,
I melt it in a boiler, and skim it again, and
there will not be a "speck of anything in it.
The way I strain the cappings and skim-
ings is as follows :

I make a box about 14 inches square, and
about that high, and nail slats on the bot-
tom, with a very little space between. I
make a platform of boards high enough
from the floor, to put tin pans under the
lower side to catch the honey, making the
back higher than the front. I lay the boards
double, and break joints, put the box on
with the front side raised a little from the
boards, to let the honey out; fill it up with
cappings, and when I have any skimmings,
I put that on top, and the honey will drain
out clean. I put the honey that drains
out, into the barrel that I am filling from
the extractor, and it will all be skimmed
together. In that way my honey is as clear
and nice as can be, and it is a great deal
better way than straining through cloth.

Averill,"Mich. Charles Inman.

Winterinsr Well— Binders.

Up to this date I have never kno%vn bees
to winter so well — indeed, they have had
but little '• wintering" to do. It has been
incessantly warm, and the bees have been
almost constantly on the wing, bringing in
pollen, and the last few days they have
stored some honey. They are building
comb and breeding i-apidly ; a peep into the
brood-chamber presents the appearance of
the height of the breeding season. Thou-
sands of brood in all stages, from the egg
up to the hatching bee, and in one of my
strongest and most thrifty colonies, I no-
ticed (to-day) a queen-cell started— I sup-
pose, under the impulse of swarming.

I received the binder you sent me a few
days ago, and in a few minutes after its
reception, with the assistance of my " bet-
ter half," I had 52 copies of the American
Bee Journal (for the year 1889), in a
solid, well-bound book, which I esteem as
one of my most valuable bee-books.

The bee-keepers of this (Mecklenburg)
county, contemplate at an early day, the
organization of a bee-keepers' association.
E. W. Ltles.

Charlotte, N. C, Jan. 28, 1890.

[Bee-keepers should always bind their
numbers of the American Bee Journal.
It is handy to always have them in order,
and it saves them from being lost, to file
every one as soon as it comes to hand. The
pleasure of reading and referring to articles
is worth more than the Binder costs.— Ed.]

Bees WinterinK Fairly.

My bees appear to be wintering fairly,
though they have not had a flight for some
time. I feared they would have a hard
time this winter, when, last September, I
saw their hives containing considerable
fall honey and honey-dew, which could not
be extracted on account of its consistency;
but at present I am encouraged. I must
say that I agree with all contained in Dr.
Tinker's article on page 73, about "Double-
Walled vs. Single-Walled Hives;" though
the Doctor puts some points rather strongly.
J. H. Larrabee.

Larrabee's Point, Vt., Feb. 4, 1890.

108

'TMB' mvmmmi&mm mmw j^is^mimkiu.

>*^*«>*^*i^*

Poor Honey Crop— iaoIden-Rod.

The past season was rather discouraging
for a beginner in this locality. I started in
the spring with 13 good colonies, increased
them to 26, and took only 300 pounds of
comb honey. The basswood on the low
land was all killed by frost. The golden-
rod has never produced one pound of
honey for me, as it grows all around my
house, and myself, wife and two boys have
watched it for two seasons, and never saw
a bee on one bloom yet. Our main hone}'-
plants here are, sweet clover, wild cucum-
ber, heart's-ease and buckwheat. The
AMERirAN' Bee Joukxal is a very valuable
paper for the bee-keeper, and I will never
be without it while I keep bees.

John Goff.

Deloit, Iowa, Jan. 30, 1890.

Bees Afllicted -«vitli Miarrbea.

My bees are in the cellar, and have the
diarrhea badly, some hives being spotted
as badly as any I ever saw. The tempera-
ture has not been below 45 degrees, and
has been kept below 45 and 52 degrees, so
it surely must be bad food. There was
considerable honey-dew here last year. If
the spring is late and unfavorable, the loss
may be frightful. B. H. Standisii.

Evansville, Wis., Jan. 30, 1890.

(jlathering- Pollen all Winter.

I have 8 colonies of bees in the cellar, and
8 on the summer stands ; they have been
flying every two or three days, all winter.
Yesterday they were bringing in poUeu
from the red maples, and they have been
getting it since Christmas, which means
brood, if I know anything about bees; and
brood at this time of the year, with a two
weeks' shut up, means diarrhea and death,
I believe. That is the way this winter is
going to serve us. Tiios. Thcrlow.

Lancaster, Pa., Jan. 28, 1890.

Oettin^ Honey I'roni <]ioIden-Ro«l

Mr. Ira Reeves seems to entertain no
very high opinion of his brother bee-keep-
ers' powers of observation, as he saj's on
page 58, that he does not believe there
"ever was an ounce of honey gathered
from golden-rod." He may be correct, as
regards his own locality, but that does not
prove that every one else is mistaken, as
he seems to think. I might with equal
propriety say that because I have never
seen the Mississippi river, I do not be-
lieve there is any such river in existence.

WUmington, Vt. E. C. Boyd.

The First Year's Results.

I began bee-keeping last spring with one
colony, which I bought for §4.00. They
were an extra-strong colony of hybrids. I
Increased bj' dividing, early in May, about
a week before a cold snap of about two
weeks came on ; I thought then that I had
made a mistake in dividing them so early,
but both colonies had good queens, and the
hives were filled with bees by the time
clover began to blossom. As soon as the
honey began to come in, I put on supers,
and kept the bees busy by having plenty of
sections for them to fill, although I did not
give them too many at once. The new col-
ony afterward cast a swarm, making 3 col-
onies, which, altogether, stored 300 pounds
of as nice comb honey (mostly in one-pound
sections) as ever was put up by the bees.
My bees were very good honey-gatherers,
and built very straight combs, but they
were the crossest bees I ever saw so I con-

cluded to Italianize them, and in August I
obtained three fine Italian queens, which I
successfully introduced, and now I have 3
colonies of handsome Italian bees. I left
them on the summer stands, and they are
wintering finely. I left about 80 pounds of
sealed honey in each hive, which will more
than carry them through the winter. I use
the standard Langstroth hive, and I think
that it is the hive. I like the Bee Jouun.\l,
and feel well acquainted with its corres-
pondents, although I have never met many
of them. RoBT. Walsthom.

Lake City, Minn., Feb. 3, 1890.

Everytliins: liOTely in Xexas.

My 80 colonies of bees are in fine condi-
tion. Young bees are hatching by the
thousands. "We have had the mildest win-
ter I ever saw — in fact, December and Jan-
uary have been more like March and April.
Wild peach, elm, and fruit-trees are in full
bloom. Farmers are preparing to plant
corn ; birds are singing as though it was
really April ; and bees are now tumbling
into the hives, loaded with both honey and
pollen, as though the fate of nations rested
upon their speed. Drones are flying from
some colonies. Surel}', the Gulf Stream
has changed its course, or we may have
winter yet. Horse-mint — our main honey-
plant— never looked finer, and there is
plenty of it. Grass looks as green as a
wheat-field, cattle are fat and sleek, and
men are going in their shirt sleeves.

W. S. Douglass.

Lexington, Tex., Jan. 25, 1890.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

DENVER, Jan. 27.— 1-lb. sections, 13®15c. ;
Extracted, 7@8c. Beeswax, 20@'25c. Market
well supplied. Demand moderate.

J. M. CLARK COM. CO., 1421 Fifteenth St.

KANSAS CITY, Jan. 2.">.— Market continues
very dull. Demand very light. Weather is en-
tirely too warm. We quote white 1-lb. comb,
13e.; fall, 1-lbs., 10@llc.; white, 2-Ibs., 11®
12c.; fall, 2-lbs., 10c. Extracted, white, 7®
7i4c.; amber, 5@6c. Beeswax, 22c.
CLEMONS, CLOON & CO.,

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

CHICAGO, Jan. 22.— We quote: White clo-
ver 1-lbs., ll'/2@12'/je.: 2-lbs., 10@lle. Bass-
wood 1-lbs., 10H@llc. Buckwheat 1-lbs., 8®
9c. Extracted, 6 J4@7;.4c. Beeswax — bright,
25®26c. ; dark, 23®24c.

S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, Jan. 21.— Demand light and
prices lower. Very fancy 1-lbs., 12 in a crate,
13c.; B-ood white 1-lbs., 12ai2Hc.: dark 1-lbs.
and 2-lbs.. 8@10c.; white 3-lbs., ll@12c. Ex-
tracted, white. 6@7c. : dark. 5@6c.

HAMBLIN & BEARSS. 514 Walnut St.

CHICAGO, Jan. 8.— Sales are light, at 12®
13c. for white 1-lbs. ; dark, 8@10c. Extracted
dull at 6®7c. for dark, 7@8c. for fancy white.
Beeswax, prime, 25c.

R. A. BDRNETT, 161 S. Water St.

DETROIT, Jan. 24.— Comb honey is quoted
at 12®14c. Sales slow. Extracted. 7®8c.—
BcGswftx 2"tc

M. H. HDNT, Bell Branch, Mich.

BOSTON, Jan. 9.— Best 1 lbs.. 16c; best 2
lbs., 15e. Extracted, 7®9c. Beeswax, 23c.
Trade Is dull.

BLAKE & RIPLEY. 57 Chatham St.

CINCINNATI. Jan. 8.— The very mild winter
apparently has a depressing effect on the
honey market, more especially on comb honey
Best white is offered at 14®16c.. but conces-
sions have to be made to etfect sales. There ii
a fair demand for extracted at 5®8c.

Beeswax is in good demand at 20®22c. for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH & SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

TE^^

ALf REI> H. r«EWlVtAJ^,

BnSINESS MANAGER.

Mnsinzss ^otitjes.

Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should notify us at once.

It^" Money in Potatoes, by Mr. Joseph
Greiner. Price, 25 cents, postpaid. For sale
at this office.

It^" Send us one i^EW subscriber, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

I^" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

1^" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.

B^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

It^" Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

^g" Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jour-
nal at $1.85 for the two; or with both our
Home Journal and Bee Journal for $2.50
for all three papers.

1^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write A-tnerican Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

m^" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

'• 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 25

■' 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

^^ When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book,
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

1!^~ We offer the Monthly Philadelphia
Farm Journal, and either the American
Bee Journal or Illustrated Home Jour-
nal for one year, for the small sum of $1.20.
Or, we will give it free for one year to any
one who will send us one new subscriber for
either of our Journals with $1.00 (the sub-
scription price) .

Tmm mimmMicMn mmm jqi^rnjeiu.

109

^^^^~^^^^A^A^A^^».^4^»^*^»^A^f .»«^*^A

— - — ^^'— -^■'^■^^^^^^^^^^^*

$5.00 Encyclopedia.— The work is
almost as largo as Webster's Dictionary, 4
inches thick, weighs over 5 pounds, and
occupies over 300 cubic inches of space. It
is handsomely bound in English cloth,
double spring back, gilt side and back
stamp, marble edges, beveled boards, and
contains over 100 illustrations. It is pub-

NCrCLOR€DlA>^^

CI.IJllBinW lAHV.

Cf>nwnlion i'%«Hce».

We CI 111* the Amcrlmn Bee Jmimal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the I..ASr
column. The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book :
Price of both. Club.
The Americiin lice Journal $1 00

;md Gleanings in I!ee-Culture 2 00..

Bee-Keepoi-s' Guide l.fiO.

Boe-Kee]iers' Review 1 .50..

TheApiculturist 1 7o..

Bee-Keopors' Advance 1 .50. .

Canadian lice Journal 2 00 .

The 7 above-ntimed papers 5 25..

and Langstroth Kcvised (Dadant) 3 00..
Cook's Ma iiiKil (1887 edition) 2 2.5..
Quinbv's New Bce-Kceping. 2 .50..
Doolitlle on Queen-Rearing. 2 00..
Bees and Honev (Newman).. 2 00..
Biudeil'oi- Am, Bee Journal. 1 60..
Dzierzon's Hco-Book (eloth). 3 CO..
Root's A B V of Bee-Culture 2 25..

Farmer's Aeiouut Book 4 00 .

Western Wmid Guide 1 50 . .

Heddon's bonli, "Success,".. 1 50..
A Year Among- the Bees — lib..

Conventicm Hand-Book 1 50.

Weekly Inter-Ocean 2 00..

Toronto Globe (weekly) 2 00..

History of National Society. 1 50..
American PoultryJournal.. 2 25..

l>o mot send to us for sample copies
of any other papers. Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.

lished at $5.00 per volume, which is very
low in comparison with standard current
prices on other works.

It treats of every characteristic, both the
good and the bad, of the various types of
man and woman, and proposes to tell most
people more about their fellow-men than
they ever dreamed it possible to find out.

We will club it with this Journal for
$2.10, postpaid.

Or we will present it as a Premium for 5
new subscribers to either Journal, with
$5.00 to pay for the subscriptions.

This is an opportunity of a lifetime — a
rare chance to get a very valuable book
free. The postage alone costs 30 cents.

Postal IVotes are no safer to use in
letters than bank bills. Any one can get
the money on them. A Money Order can
be obtained at the post-ofBce or at the ex-
press office for 5 cents (only 2 cents more
than a Postal Note) , and is perfectly safe ;
if lost it can be re-issued.

We always extend the term of re
newal subscriptions from the date of
expiration on our books. Present sub-
scribers whose time may expire one, two,
three or six months hence, can safely
renew now, without fear of loss thereby.

175
1 40
1 40
1 65
1 40

1 80
5 00

2 75
2 00
2 25
1 75

1 75
150

2 00
2 10
2 20
1 30
140
1 50
1 30
1 75

, 1 70
, 1 25
, 150

J^"The KprInK meellDK "f the Northern Illinois
Bee-Kecpem' A»»i>clatlon, will meet lit the renldence
of D. A. Fuller, In Cherry Valley. Ills., on May l»th.
1890. u. A. Kl'i.leu. Sec.

tV The next regular raeetlnf of the Pouthwes-
tern Wisconsin Hcc-KecperB' AHsnclritl.ui will be
hold at lioscobcl, Wis., on Thursiliiy. May I. 1»WI,
nt 10 a.m. UEN.J. E. KrcE. Sec.

fW The Ohio State Bee-Keepers' Association will
be held in Cleveland. O., on Wednesday and Thurs-
day. Feb. 11) and -JO. IKOO.
MISS OEMA liE.sNETT, See. and Treat., Bedford. O.

ty The Xt.rtheastcrn Ohio. Northwestern Penn-
sylvania, anil W(;Btern New York Uee-Keepers' As-
sociation, will meet in joint session with the Ohio
State Bee-Kei-'pers' Association, in Cleveland. O.. on
Feb. 19 and 2u. 1890. Geo. Spiti.eh. Sec.

^duertisctncttts.

White Mountain Apiary !

AKED D. ElililNGWOOD, Prop.,

MILAN, N. H.

BEES, Honey andApiarian Supplies generally
for sale. We are now preparing a 45-page
Catalogue which will contain Hints, Honey
Recipes, &c.. that will be valuable. Send for it.
7Alt AKED D. ELLING WOOD, Milan, N. H.
Mention the American Dee Journal.

I^" If any one wants a club of two or
more weekly or monthly periodicals, be
sides one or both of our Journals— send us
a Postal Card, and we will then quote the
lowest possible price, by return mail. The
number is too great to enumerate.

A lew Method of Treating Disease.

HOSPITAL REMEDIES.

What are they? There is a new departure
in the treatment of disease. It consists in
the collection of the specifics used by noted
specialists of Europe and America, and
bringing them within the reach of all. For
instance, the treatment pursued by special
physicians who treat indigestion, stomach
and liver troubles only, was obtained and
prepared. The treatment of other physi-
cians, celebrated for curing catarrh, was
procured, and so on till these incomparable
cures now include disease of the lungs,
kidneys, female weakness, rheumatism and
nervous debility.

This new method of " one remedy for one
disease" must appeal to the common-sense
of all sufferers, many of whom have experi-
enced the ill effects, "and thoroughly realize
the absurditv of tbe claims of Patent
Medicines which are guaranteed to cure
every ill out of a single bottle, and the use
of which, as statistics prove, has ruined
more stomachs than alcohol. A circular
describing these new remedies is sent free
on receipt of stamp to pay postage, by
Hospital Remedy Company, Toronto, Can-
ada, sole proprietors.

51D26t Imly.

THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,

WnOLKSALK & KETAIL

SUPPLIES for BEE-KEEPERS

ALSO DEALERS IN

HOniEY and BEESWAX,

CHICAGO, ILL.

FREE

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The price is 35 cts., postpaid. It contains,
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In all, it contains 36 pages. It is for sale
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Ten for $7.50, if aU are sent at one time.

SCIENTIFIC

QUEEN-REARING

AS PKjVCTICAIiLY APPHED ;

Being a Method by which tlie very best of

ttueen-Bees are reared in perfect accord

with Nature' Ways ; by

G. M. DOOLITTLE,

Borodino, 1\. If.

In this book the author details the results
of his Experiments in Rearing Queen-Bees for
the past four or Ave years, and is the first
to nresent his discoveries to the World.

Bound in Cloth— 176 pages— Price, $1.00,
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110

T'MM mWMWmiGMM MMM JOB'Mlffil.f.

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We can promptly furnish any quantity o(
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\«IIITE CI^OVER.

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Per peck (15 lbs.) 2 75

Per pound dJ 30

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Per bushel (60 lbs.) S8 00

Per peck (15 lbs.) 2 25

Per pound 25

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Per bushel (60 lbs.) S6 00

Per peck (15 lbs.) 1 75

Per pound 20

When ordered by mail add 10 cts. per pound
for postage.

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Muth's Honey Extractoi

Perfection Gold-BIant Smokers,

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S^

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«;ARi>IOl,Ar« QIJEEilfS !

The co-partnership of Andrews & Lock hart
19 now DISSOLVED, and the senior partner
will give Iiis entire time next season to the
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and will sell, after June 1. 1890, Untested
Queens atSl.OO each; Tested. $2.00 each; those
carried through the winter, at the loth of May
(and are Tested) $2.50 each,
^~ Circulars will be out about Feb. 1, 1890.

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attractive small packaRe. that can
_____ be sold for lio cents or less. Many

consumers will buy it In order to Kive the children a
handsome toy pall. Price. 75 cents per doEen»
or fttS.OOperlOO.

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24G East Madison Street. - CHICAGO, ILLS..

'TH® MMKKICKJNt -BMM JOURNai,.

115

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^>i-?/7:-5^^^:^^fM".";'--v^'-!?~

XHU91AS e. I%EYVinAl\,

EDITOR.

Vol. mi. FeD. 22,1890. No, 8,

The Prairie Farmer is publishing
Lizzie Cotton's advertisement. Mrs. L.
Harrison should give the editor of the
Farmer a lecture on frauds. P. J. Eng-
land, of Fancy Prairie, Ills., sent us a
marked copy of it.

Its'" We have given more than the usual
space this week to convention reports.
Those who are Interested, like to read about
"them as soon as possible after they are held ;
and as they present the freshest news of
the pursuit, all our readers will appreciate
their early publication.

We have received a very neat Pro-
gramme of the Ohio State Convention to
be held in joint session with the North-
eastern Ohio, Northwestern Pennsylvania,
and Western New York Association, held
at Cleveland, O., Feb. 19 and 30. The
topics discussed, led by essays from promi-
ne7it bee-keepers, were numerous and
"varied, and we have no doubt of its having
been an interesting meeting. We expect
to publish a good report very soon from the
efficient Secretary, Miss Dema Bennett, of
Bedford, O.

Do Not Stand iu your Ovrii
I>ielit> — This is what friend Alley says
about the Honey Almanac, in the Apicul-
turlst for February, which, by the by, is an
excellent number, and full of valuable in-
formation :

How many of our readers ordered one
hundred or more of Brother Newman's
Almanacs? If you have not bought a
quantity of them and distributed them in
your neighborhood, you stand in your own
light. A cheaper and more effectual way
of advertising your honey about your home
cannot be devised.

Apioulliirsil Kevi-M Ironi «ii«'r-

iimiiy.— The Rev. S. Hoese, of Maiden
Rock, Wis., has translated the following
items of interest from the latest periodicals
from Germany :

The January number of the Deutsche
BienerirVatcr aiis Boulmien, briugs the
sad news of the sudden death of Pastor A.
Schmidt, of Meklo, President of the Central
Verein of German bee-keepers in Bohemia.
President A. Solimidt was born Jan. 13,
1846, in Saaz, (it'i-inany, and served [aside
from his miuisturial duties] with energy
and faithfulness iu the cause of apiculture.
On the evening of Dec. 4, 1889, President
A. Schmidt, manifested great cheerfulness
at a social entertainment, and on Dee. 5.
at 8 a.m., he was found a corpse iu his bed
at the parsonage, caused by congestion of
the brain. The sudden death of this great
man, who was much beloved by all bee-
keepers far and near, is much mourned
over. Officers and members of the various
bee-keepers associations, sections, etc., fol-
lowed the deceased to his last resting-place,
on Dec. 9, at 10 a.m., at Saaz, his birth-
place.

_ Pastor Weygant's new method of arti-
ficially heating bee-houses, causes great ex-
citement among (terman bee-keepers.

The watering of bees during their long
winter confinement, has been, by the ma-
jority of German bee-keepers, declared un-
important—50 against 2.

Pastor Weygant, last summer, gave a
five days' course of free lectures on bee-
beeping at Flaeht, in Germany, to about 60
interested listeners; from tender youth to
those having silver-mixed hair, were seated
at this Gamaliel's feet, to receive instruc-
tions, and Mr. Kelleu, editor of the Luxem-
burgh Bee-Oazette, declares him a second
Dzierzon.

H^" The Indiana Farmer of last week
contains the following concerning the bees
in that State :

A bee-keeping neighbor at Irvington told
us last week that his bees were quite lively,
bringing in pollen and honey from the sofi;
maple buds. He also said that the colonies
were in remarkably healthy condition,
owing to the mild winter, and will be able
to do good work this spring and summer.

And if spring dwindling is not severe, we
may look tor a good crop of honey next
season ; for the condition of the bees in
Indiana, is but a sample of their condition
all over the Northwest.

The California Farmer and Dealer
has changed hands and form. The February
number contains 34 pages and cover, is
nicely printed, and brimful of choice read-
ing matter for the farmer and dealer, on
home, horticulture, and business. It is
published at 109 California Street, San
Francisco, Calif.

F. A. Lockhart, residing at Lake
George, N. Y., writes as follows:

The Almanacs I received of you were just
splendid. When I distributed them, I sold
$50.00 worth of honey in one day ! I credit
half of this to the use of the Honey
Almanacs.

The Queen of all bees is the husking-
bee. You can teU her by her "red ear."

Xliey !iH 'I'ook It. — Avery enthusi-
astic adniirir, and esteemed correspondent,
of the Bei-: Joiu.val, kindly ofTered to rep-
resent it, and take suljscriptions, at a re-
cent State liee-keepers' convention. The
pleasing results of his canvass he tells in the
following paragraph, which, at the same
time, shows how the Amekicax Bee Jouk-
N,\L is regarded in at least one State :

I asked permission to say a few words in
favor of the Ameiucax Bee Jouhnai. at the
convention, but the President told me in
advance, that I would not get a single sub-
scriber, as they all took it. He glaiUy gave
me the opportunity, but the result proved
him to be a true prophet.

Honey an<I I.,a Grippe.— Dr. A. B.

Mason, of Auburndale, O., on Feb.13,1890,
writes as follows :

I copied your article, "Honey for La
Orippe,'' on page 35, and handed it to the
Toledo Blade. It was in the next day's
paper, and before night some of the neigh-
bors were here after honey for their
Grippe ones. It made quite a demand for
honey. As I furnish news items for the
Blade, it did not occur to me to sign my
name. If I had, I guess I would have got
rid of all my surplus.

I have not had La Orippe yet; and this
reminds me. There are five in our family.
We have honey on our table at every meal,
and two of us eat of the honey at nearly
every meal, and the other three seldom eat
of it. The three abstainers have had La
Orippe, and the other two have not.

Honey AInianac»>. — Rev. S. Roese,
of Maiden Rock, Wis., thus gives his ex-
perience in using the Honey Almanacs :

My experience in retailing honey shows
that the Honey Almanac is doing a great
work. One family, where I left honey and
an Almanac, sent word to me to send more
honey, as it had proved of great benefit as
a medicine in the family; the children
troubled with worms were relieved; and
the head of the family, who had suffered
so long from constipation, was helped at
once. To-day, the Rev. J. Barker, of the
Baptist Church, to whom I sent a small jar
of honey for his cough and cold, called at
my house and purchased 30 pounds of
honey, stating that it not only helped his
cold, but relieved his lung complaint, con-*
stipation, etc.

I^W" The Canadian Bee Journal is in the
future to be published each alternate week
with the Canadian Poultry Journal— mak-
ing each au independent semi-monthly,
with premium at $1.00 a year. We are
glad to see the two papers separated. Ex-
perience proves that the papers devoted to
two pursuits, and published in one, are not
satisfactory. Both papers will be sent to
one address when required at the same
price as now — $1.00 a year. We wish our
Canadian cotemporary success in the " new
departure."

Mr. George Hilton, Fremont, Mich.,
has been very ill for some time, but he is
now convalescing. We hope for a speedy
and full recovery.

116

'rmm m.'mmmi^m.n mm'B joiPMifMiu.

^ ^ '-'■■ ^^^>^>^>^>»..^A

■^^^^'T * ^*^^Ai|

miES m

methods Used to Prevent tlic
Swarming of Bees.

Written for the American Bee Journal

Qwery 688 Whieb do you find the liest

plan to prevent swurmiag— giving abundant
TOom bv tiering one set of combs above the
other or giving the necessary room below, all
on one level 'i ' Or what other preventive do
you use '/—England.

Give room above.— A. B. Mason.
Extracting is the only efifective method
that I have tried.— R. L. Tatloh.

By putting one set of combs above the
other.— H. D. Cuttixg.

Tiering up above. Giving room below,
or on one level, is not practical, though it
is practicable.— Dadamt & Son.

I think it is about six of one and half-
dozen of the other, as to which plan is used.
—J. P. H. Brown.

The upward tiering-plan, as you describe,
increasing the storing-room to the capacity
of the colony.— J. JI. Hambaugii.

Either plan works well for extracted
honey. Neither will secure the desired re-
sult, when working for comb honey.— G. M.

DOOLITTLE.

Tiering is, in my judgment, the better of
the two. It would take too long to describe
other methods and devices that we prac-
tice.—Mrs. L. Harrison.

I never had any success with either plan.
Keep the queens' wings clipped, an*l de-
stroy all queen-cells as long as the swarm-
ing-fever lasts.— P. L. Viallon.

Why try to prevent swarming at all;
Ton can keep them back for a time, by
giving plenty of room, either at the top or
the sides, if "given before they start queen-

CeUs.— C. H. DiBBERN.

I have never used the second plan men-
tioned. The first succeeds in perhaps one-
half of the number tried. If tiered up at
just the right time, swarming is controlled
in a majority of cases.— Eugene Secok.

I find the best and only satisfactory
manipulation to prevent swarming, in the
divisible brood-chamber, and worked by
alternating the upper and lower halves of
that brood-chamber— of course, always
furnishing plenty of surplus room at the
same time.— James Heddon.

I do not know how to prevent swarming.
Increase of room for the queen will help, I
think, and I do not think that it makes any
diflference whether you give her room by
tiering up, or spreading horizontally.— C.
C. Miller.

Giving room below seems most effective;
but "tiering up" is most useful to the
keeper of bees. The successful bee-keeper
studies to attain what he wants first. What
the bees want, is a secondary matter.— J.
M. Shuck.

If combs are to be built by the bees, room
above the brood-nest will be more effective
than below. An upper story from which
the honey is extracted as soon as it is suffi-
ciently evaporated, and abundant ventila-
tion, will generally prevent swarming. I
have found ventilation at the top of the
hive, of great advantage.— M. Maiiin.

I am careful to " tier up " as fast as the
increasing colony needs the room. No neg-
lect is adjpissilile at this time. The "tier-
ing " 1« f^ done above the brood-depart-
ment 6lffhe hive, until a swarm issues; if

the top tiering does not prevent swarrning
entirely, then I tier downward; that is, I
place a super with combs, guarded with a
metal queen-excluder, below the l>rood de-
partment, and send the swarm back home.
This management separates the queen from
the old brood department, and compels her
to commence anew below.— G.W.Demaree.

A combination of both; but I find the best
plan is that of close-working frames in the
brood-chamber, only bee-space apart. This
plan prevents swarming, and the building
of bridge-combs; and also forces the bees
into sections, as soon as they are put on. —
J. E. Pond.

Much room by tiering up tends to re-
strain swarming. With the best hives, it is
impossible to give room horizontally, and I
do not think that it would be any advan-
tage if we could. I once used the long
[New Idea] hives, and could not see that
they were an advantage. Removal of the
queen is the best way to certainly prevent
swarming. — A. J. Cook.

A large, roomy hive is the best preven-
tive against swarming, next to the frequent
use of the extractor. The room should be
given above the brood, always: for it is the
instinct of the bees to store there, and they
do so to the best advantage. If plenty of
empty combs are placed above the brood
on all hives, there will be few swarms that
will issue, even in a good honey-flow.— G.
L. Tinker.

Either plan will give relief to the colony,
and sometimes prevent swarming— but
neither can be relied upon at all times to
keep the colony from sending out a swarm.
-The Editor.

Yes; use sections as long as you can keep
them clean and nice. Why is not one
clean, nice section, just as good as another?
—J. E. Pond.

If they have been used in wide frames,
they will not be soiled, and may be used
again; especially the partly-filled sections
at the close of a honey-flow.- G. L. Tinker.

It may pay, but if they have been used
more than once, they are usually too much
soiled for a first-class appearance. That is
one of the stumbling-blocks of comb-honey
production. — Dadant & Son.

In the first place, "they will not clean."
If you just want them for your own use,
they will do ; but if you expect to sell the
honey, do not use them.— H. D. Cutting.

It pays me well to use them, since learn-
ing soinewhat more how to manage them.
The honey is not quite as nice as that in
newly-built combs, but the quality can be
improved by leaving the sections on the
hives until the nectar is thoroughly evap-
orated. If this is done, the nectar will keep
as well as any.— G. W. Demaree.

We doubt whether it would not cost more
to make them " clean and sound," than they
are worth. They cost so little that we do
not think it would ever pay to use them a.
second time. — The Editor.

Using Sections After the Honey
Has Been Removed.

Written for the American Bee Journal

Query 689.— Will it pay to use sections the
second time, or after the honey has been taken
out, provided they are clean and sound y— E. C.

Yes.— C. C. Miller.

Yes.— M. Mahin.

Yes.— J. M. Hajibaugh.

Yes! Yes* YES! Always!— G. M. Doo-
little.

Yes, i£ they are clean and sound. — R. L.
Taylor.

No, sir, not if you are going to sell the
honey. I doubt if it will pay, anyway.—
Jame's Heddon.

Ordinarily, it will not; but if they are
clean and sound, it will. — Mrs. L. Harri-
son.

Yes, if they arc clean and sound; but
they never are.— J. M. Shuck.

If perfectly clean, they are just as good
as new ; but if soiled, they might better be
thrown away. — Eugene Secor.

Certainly. Some such were exhibited by
Mr. H. D. Cutting, at the last Michigan
State Bee-Keepers' Convention, and looked
as good as new.— A. B. Mason.

Why not? Though usually it does not
pay to bother with old sections.— A.J.Cook.

No. After sections have been used once,
they never can be made to look as neat and
as clean as new ones. — P. L. Viallon.

Yes, if they are neat and clean. If filled
with comb, shave it down so that the cells
will be only about >^-inch deep.— C. H. Dib-
bern.

If they are clean, use them. As many
manufacturers of sections are now making
them "just for the fun of the thing," it will
not pay any one to use a soiled section. — J.
P. H. Brown.

Hees Wj-ins in tlie Cellar — W.W.

Parker, Sechlerville, Wis.,ouFeb. 10, says:

I have 19 colonies in the cellar; the win-
ter has been so unusally warm that it is
impossible to keep them quiet, conse-
quently there are lots of dead bees, both in
and out of the hives. Would it better their
condition to take them out, put them into
a larger box, and fill in with chaff? Oris
it less risk to let them alone *

W. W. Parker.

By request. Dr. C. C. Miller answers Mr.
Parker's questions as follows:

A warm time is rather a ti-ying time in
the cellar. I am inclined to believe that I
should try to keep them in a little longer,
if they can have good air in the cellar.
Open the windows and doors at night, so
that they will be thoroughly aired, when-
ever it is warm enough so that it does not
cool the cellar too much ; and it may be
well even to let the cellar remain open ia
the morning until the bees trouble by fly-
ing out. I have sometimes put ice in the
cellar, toward spring.— C. C. Miller.

,^^ Frank Vincent, the well-known trav-
eler author of the recently published book,
" Around and About South America," and
of a forthcoming work on Central America,
furuishes an elaborate leading article on
" The Republics, of Central America," in
the March number of " Frank Leslie's Pop-
ular Monthly." Guatemala, Honduras,
Salvador, Nicaragua and Costa Rica are
graphically described, with numerous and
beautiful illustrations, making a contribu-
tion of the highest intrinsic interest, as well
as of peculiar timeliness in connection with
the work of the Pan-American Congress.
Other illustrated articles offer attractions
in a variety of directions.

Xlie Most Vivid and startling pict-
ures of the terrible tragedy in Washington,
which resulted in the death of two of the
members of Secretary Tracy's family, are
found in "Frank Leslie's Illustrated News-
paper" this week. Other pictures include
one in reference to Gen. Sherman's seven-
I tieth birthday.

TTM® MlMURICKPf MMM JQHRNSI^.

117

PRIZE ESSAY.

Extracted Huney as Compared
with Honey in I lie Comb.

WritUn lor the American Bee Journal
BY G. W. DEMAREE.

Take into your mouth a piece of
newly-built honey-comb, as white as
the virgin snow, in which no nectar
has been stored, and you will find it
as tasteless as a piece of blotting-
paper ; and I imagine that few people
would be inclined to swallow the one
substance more readily than the other.
Virgin wax is tasteless — why, then,
eat wax ?

If we trace the history of honey, we
find that the ancients used it not
merely as a condiment, but as " meat"
— a substantial food. " Have ye here
any meat'} And they gave him a piece
of a boiled Hsh, and of an honey-
comb." "And behold there was a
swarm of bees, and honey in the car-
cass of the lion ; and he took thereof
in his hands, and went on eating."

From the glimpse that we have into
the customs and habits of the ancients,
we judge that honey was eaten from
the hands, as a general thing, though
perhaps not alwaj's ; and this custom,
of long standing, gives us a clue to
the prejudice in favor of honey in the
comb. If honey is to be eaten from
the hands, then there are good reasons
whj' it should be taken in the comb,
because the comb is not only a recepta-
cle to hold the liquid honey, but the
wax, in eating, acts mechanically to
retain the sweet ou the palate, and
makes the eating more pleasurable.

But customs have changed in these
modern times, and men take their
meals differently from what they did
in the ages of the past. Honey, as a
rule, is eaten with bread, and the wax
is entirely superfluous, the bread per-
forming the mechanical part in delay-
ing the delicious sweet on the palate.
The long-standing habit of eating
honey from the hands, is the true clue
to the prejudice in favor of honey in
the comb.

Another reason — and perhaps the
chief of all the reasons for the preju-
dice against honey extracted from the
combs — is connected with the fact that
previous to the invention of the honey-
extractor, there was no method known
by which the pure honey in its virgin
state could be separated from the
combs, free from all foreign matter.

It is a well-known fact that combs
of honey are likely to contain more or
less of " bee-bread" (pollen), and may

sometimes contain young bees in the
larval state. Any process of expelling
the liquid honey from the combs by
23rcssurc — Ijy whatever form brouglit
to bear — the brui.sed and broken combs
are bound to p.irt with sonic of their
impurities, together with the li(]uid
honey, which impurities mix with, and
become a part of, the honey. Hence
the just pi-ejudice against the "strained
honey " of the long ago.

IMPORTANCE OF THE HONEY-EXTRACTOK

The centrifugal honey-extractor of
modern invention, entirely overcomes
the foregoing objections. By the use
of this machine, the liquid honey is
discharged from the cells by centrifu-
gal force, leaving the more solid im-
purities in the unbroken cells. By this
process, the honey in a liquid state is
obtained in its immaculate puritj'.

What a boon to the health and wel-
fare of the human race is the centrifu-
gal honey-extractor ! Honey, taken
bj' this process, is the pure, God-given
nectar of flowers gathered and stored
by the bees, and evaporated in the
hives by currents of heated air kept in
motion by the fanning wings of the
inmates of the hive. No chemical
poisons are needed, or used, by the
bees to purify the products of the hive,
as is the case in the sugar refineries —
hence, pure honey, taken by the pro-
cess which I have described, is the
purest and the best, and the safest
sweet used for food by the human
race.

Honey is a combination of sweets,
and has non-drying qualities uot found
in the chemically-prepared sugars ;
and hence it has no equal as a sweet-
ener in the culinary arts, and as an
adjunct to bread, it is the most pleas-
ing and healthful sweetener in the
world.

GRANULATION OF EXTRACTED HONEY.

Nearly all pure honeys have a ten-
dency to become solid — granulate or
candy — upon the approach of cold
weather ; and this fact is received with
well-nigh universal regret, on the part
of honey-producers, and those who
handle the article in the markets. I
now regard this as a very great mis-
take. It is nothing more than a ques-
tion of convenience.

For a time the writer himself par-
ticipated in these regrets, because of
the inconveniences attending the prac-
tical handling of the article in its solid
state ; but after discovering that the
consumers of the article in the bounds
of my tr.ade do not object to the can-
died state, but are more than pleased
with it ; and after a close and careful
study of the nature and composition
of the pure nectar of flowers, evapor-
ated to the honey state by the bees,

and also partially by artificial means ;
having before me samples of honey
taken each season for ten or twelve
years past, from which to take obser-
vations while practicing my studies —
I discovered that the best grades of
honeys tend to solidity most rapidly,
and such honeys endure length of time
with the least perceptible change in
body and flavor. This being true, the
fact that honey solidifies as the tem-
perature lowers, is not only not a
thing to be regretted, but is a blessing,
though it be a " blessing in disguise"
to those who have not gone below the
"crust" in their investigations.

Owing to peculiar properties in
honey, it maintains a higher tempei'a-
ture by reason of latent heat, than does
the body of air with which it is sur-
rounded ; but the latter is subject to
more rapid change of temperature,
hence the disposition of honey to yield
up its moisture to the air, or absorb it
therefrom, governed wholly by va-
riance in temperature. In the light of
these facts, it requires no very pro-
found reasoning to bring one to the
conclusion thatthe "solid state " is the
best possible natural protection to
honey against atmospheric influences.

I conclude, then, that the natural
tendency of honey to become solid —
granulate or candy — should be accepted
as a matter m course, and the minds
of bee-keepers should be directed to-
wards the best methods of handling
and popularizing the article.

Christiansburg, Ky.

VERMONT.

Report of the Termont Bee-
' Keepers' Convention.

Written lor the American Bee Joumctl
BY J. H. LAKRABEE.

I send a report of the recent Bee-
Keepers' Convention, as reported in
the daily Free Press and Times, of
Burlington, Vt. We did not affiliate
with the International, but I hope that
we will do so next year ; also I hope to
bring about a fuller report of the ex-
tent of bee-keeping in the State of Ver-
mont, bj' means of blank":, to be dis-
tributed to all bee-keepers, through
the Vice-President in each county. But
progress and improvements are hard
to bring about in the face of such poor
seasons, as we Vermonters have had to
endure for three or four years.

The report to which I refer, is con-
densed asfollows :

The Vermont Bee-Keepers Associa-
tion met :xt the Van Ness House at,
Burlington, Vt, on Tuesday, Feb. 4,
1890. The convention was called to
order at 1:30 p.m., by President R. H.

118

Tmm MMEKICMIf BKB J@13fMl«MlL,.

Holmes, of Shoreham, and the Secre-
tary, J. H. Larrabee, read the minutes
of the last meeting and the new Con-
stitution, which was adopted at the
meeting held at Middlebury last year.
The appointment of committees re-
sulted as follows :

Committee on nominations : Addi-
son county, V. V. Blackmer ; Chitte n-
den county, George Beecher ; Lamoille
county, J. W. Smith.

Committee on exhibits : Franklin
county, F. M. Wright ; Washington
county, H. W. Scott ; Rutland county,
H. L. Leonard.

Committee on resolutions : Miss M.
A. Douglass, Miss Lottie L. Crehore,
and T. S. Warner.

" Management of bees during swarm-
ing," was the subject of the first essay,
by V. V. Blackmer, of Orwell, who
gave his personal experience in hiv-
ing swarms. In the discussion which
followed, Mr. Manuni gave some in-
teresting information in regard to the
control of swarming bees, his method
of clipping the wings of queens calling
forth questions from several members.
Mr. O. J. Lowrey, of Jericho, being
absent on account of sickness,his essay
on "Metallic hone}'-boards," was
omitted, and the President called for
remarks on the subject, and Messrs.
Wright, Cram and Smith responded.

The essay on " The rearing and
shipping of queens," by A. E. Manum,
■who is an enthusiast in the business,
called forth an interesting discussion
in which the speaker made some inter-
esting answers to questions.

" A book of chronicles," by Miss M.
A. Douglass, of Shoreham, was an in-
teresting history of the organization
and perfection of the Vermont Bee-
Keepers' Association, as evolved from
the Addison County Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation, organized at Middlebury, in
1875.

The last feature of the afternoon ses-
sion was an address on "The chem-
istry of lioney and other sugars," by
Joseph L. Hills, State chemist. Mi'.
Hills introduced the polarisoope, and
gave an exceedingly interesting de-
scription of the composition of sugar
and honey. At the conclusion of the
address, a vote of thanks was unani-
mously passed by those present.

The subject of the incorporation of
honey among the products placed on
sale hy the Board of Trade was in-
troduced by the President, and at 4:20
the convention adjourned till evening.
An informal canvass among the
members present during the intermis-
sion, showed that quite a number of
bee-keepers in this State were produc-
ing from one to eight tons of honey;
and that there was a decided opinion
in favor of making a strong eflort to
incorporate honey among the products

put on sale by the Boards of Trade.
Storage at a temperature of 90° is
necessary for the storage of honej-.

THE EVENING SESSION.

The convention was opened at 7:20
p.m., by the reading of reports of
Vice-Presidents.

The first essay of the evening, on
"Honey-packages," gave some valua-
ble hints in regard to putting up
honey, and the kind of packages whicli
would cause the most ready sale in
the market. Miss Crehore, in an able
and exceedingly business-like manner,
told how she marketed honey, and the
remarks that followed showed that she
cert,ainly understood her business.

Mr. Ferguson, Secretary of the Ver-
mont Board of Trade, introduced the
subject of placing honey upon the
Board, and some spicy remarks were
made by Mr. Davis, of Bradford, in re-
gard to the manner in which the pro-
ducer of honey is beaten out of his
profits, by the commission houses of the
larger cities. The discussion then be-
came quite animated.

Prof. G. H. Perkins, State entomolo-
gist, with the assistance of a micro-
scope and a diagram, gave an interest-
ing informal talk on the " Bee and its
insect enemies." At the conclusion of
Prof. Perkins' address, the convention
adjourned.

SEIOOISTID IDJ^'^ir.

The morning session opened with
the report of the Secretary, which
showed the association to be in a
flourishing condition. The Treasurer's
report showed a balance in the treas-
ury, and all debts paid.

The committee on nominations re-
ported the following officers, who were
elected :

President, V. V. Blackmer, of Or-
well ; Vice-Presidents : F. H. Walker,
of Manchester ; D. S. Hall, of South
Cabot ; J. E. Crane, of Middlebury ; B.
P. Greene, of St. Albans ; H. L. Leon-
ard, of Brandon ; J. W. Smith, of
Stowe ; M. F. Cram, of West Brook-
field ; A. J. Albee, of Derby ; J. D.
Goodrich, of East Hardwick ; George
Beecher, of Essex ; and Secretary and
Treasurer, J. H. Larrabee, of Larra-
bee's Point.

Mr. H. D. Davis discussed "Winter-
ing, and the influence of the ' Pollen
theory ;' " explaining his success in win-
tering bees. He claimed that the
pollen soured, if it became damp, and
therefore must be kiapt drj'. He turns
the bi-ood-chanibors upon end in win-
tering,thereby gaining a deeper brood-
chamber, in accordance with nature.

MANAGING THE INCREASE.

The consideration of "The control
and prevention of increase " was then
taken up.

Miss Lottie L. Crehore, of Bradford,
illustrated her remarks on the subject
by the use of a swarming device, con-
sisting of a brood-chamber attached to
one side of a hive. She regulated the
increase as she desired, by changing
to new brood-chambers. The brood-
chambers contain eight frames each,
and nine days after the first swarm
issued, four of the frames in the old
brood-chamber were put into another
brood-chamber, upon which other
swarms were hived. By means of this
device, the bees are driven back into
the hive, and an increase is prevented.

Miss Wolcott, of Shoreham, was the
next speaker. She said that when fine
queens issued, new colonies were
formed to the best advantage. By
having the queens' wings fully clipped
in the spring, and cutting out queen-
cells, the issue may be readily regu-
lated, and entirely prevented if no
cells are overlooked.

M. F. Cram, of West Brookfield,
used the more common methods of
regulation, which consist of simply
going to the hive before the bees swarm,
taking away the queen, and then al-
lowing no queen-cells to hatch. The
subject was then generally discussed.

BEE-MATTEES OF INTEREST TO ALL.

In relation to saving queen-cells
from desirable colonies, Mr. Holmes
said that he would allow no cells to
hatch till enclosed in a queen-nursery.

Miss Crehore, in answer to a ques-
tion, said that she did not use comb
over three years old.

Mr. Davis, of Bradford, said that he
could not use the comb long, because
there would be too much pollen in it.

Mr. Manum and Mr. Cram said that
they were troubled with too little
pollen.

Mr. Davis thought that there was a
diflerence in localities in relation to
pollen.

The best way to dispose of partly-
filled sections, Mr. Wright said, was to
extract the honey and keep the comb
for another year.

Mr. Manum said that it would not
be profitable for a bee-keeper who had
50 colonies, to make his own founda-
tion. He thought that Italian bees
swarmed more than black bees.

Mr. Wright said that if a man had
time, he could make his own supplies
profitably, but if he had other work, it
would be cheaper to buy them.

Mr. Manum thought that it would be
profitable to buy bees, and hire a man
to care for them, judging from his ex-
perience ; but he would not advise a
man to do so who had no experience.
He thought that one man could man-
age 300 colonies.

Various speakers said that the best
kind of fuel for smoking was poplar

TMm mjyimmi€R.m mmm j&vimnRiu,

119

>*»*^*«i»«

planer-shavings and rotten elm. The
Bingham smoker was generally pre-
ferred.

Mr. Wright preferred tlie Italian
bees to the blacks, as he found them
the most hardy.

The fact was developed that Mr.
Holmes completed at this meeting his
fifth year as President of the Associa-
tion, and his services have been fully
appreciated by the Association.

The Association adopted resolutions
thanking those who had addressed the
convention, the Van Ness House, and
the railroads, for courtesies extended,
and expressing faith in the future of
tlie industry.

Miss Douglass, for the Committee on
Resolutions, submitted a proposition
for the oft'ering of premiums aggregat-
ing $50, at the State Fair, for the ex-
hibition of honey and bee-keepers'
supplies, with special judges.

Mr. Larrabee said that the State
Fair, at his suggestion, increased the
premiums on honej- last year to |25.

Mr. Manum said that the sum named
in the proposition was not enough, and
an amendment offered by Mr. Wright,
was adopted, increased the sum to
$75, and the resolution was passed.
At the proper time the matter will be
laid before the managers of the State
Fair.

The time and place of the next
meeting is left, by the Constitution,
with the Executive Committee and
officers.

The convention then adjourned, sine
die.

BASSWOOD.

Some Imporlant Apiciiltural
Problems — Golden-Rod.

Written for the American Bee Journal
BY S. J. YODNGMAN.

One problem in relation to our
favorite occupation is no sooner solved
than another serious one stares us in
the face. The one I refer to as set-
tled, is the wintering problem, which
seems to be simply a matter of condi-
tions in which the bees and their stores
should be, at the approach of the win-
ter. A hive properly constructed so
as to retain all heat generated by the
bees, with packing-material of any
kind to also retain all heat and to ab-
sorb moisture, and allow the same to
escape — this will keep the bees as
warm as they possibly can be, supplied
by their own heat only, and quite dry.
which is undoubtedly a necessary con-
dition for their health and general
welfare.

With the foregoing conditions com-
plied with, the presence of pollen need

not be feared, but, on the contrary, it
will be a blessing to the bees. As the
bees cannot gatlier pollen enougli in
this latitude, in tlie montlis of March
and April, to supply their needs in
breeding, consequently I consider a
certain quantity of pollen a necessity,
if early swarms and populous colonies
are desired for the fruit and white
clover blooms.

I might outline the causes of bee-
diarrhea, which I will admit is some-
times indirectly caused by pollen, but
when the conditions are right for diar-
rhea, the bees would not be safe by
the absence of pollen. I think that all
the above conditions of wintering, etc.,
are known and recognized by nearlj'
all professional bee-men, but some of
these hints may be of help to some of
the beginners, of whom there are a
vast numbei- — what a pity that they do
not all take the American Bee Jour-
nal !

destruction of basswood trees.

I will now syeak of the impending
danger to our industry, spoken of in
the opening of this article, namely, the
destruction of our basswood timber.
My bee-keeping friends, this is a very
serious evil, that is fast crowding itself
to our notice, and calls for the united
action of the bee-keeping fraternity in
all quarters of our land. The uses of
this timber are various ; a large num-
ber of small trees are cut for staves,
even as small as 8 inches in diameter ;
but it is a shame that such trees should
be cut, and no man in the least inter,
ested in bees, should allow the trees
of such size to be cut, if in his power
to prevent it.

But what is denuding our forests of
this timber the most, is the manufac-
turing of sections. Why cannot the
bee-keepers agree to not use sections
manufactured from linden, but insist
upon liaving them of spruce and pop-
lar, in.stead. In this locality, in an
early day, tlie basswood was nearly, if
not quite, the only source of honey. (I
speak of a time when the bees were in
a wild state, and the forest covered
all the land ; of course our honey-flow
is not restricted to the basswood now
— the clovers and wild asters yield
great quantities of nectar, but nothing
will ever take the place of the beauti-
ful linden, as a honey-producing
source.)

GOLDEN-ROD AS A HONEY-PLANT.

I have always hunted wild bees as a
pastime, and although several varieties
of the golden-rod grow here in great
luxuriance, it has been seldom that
bees have been seen on this beautiful
plant.

The golden-rod may be entitled to
the proud distinction of being the

"national llowcr," on account of its
being so wiilely distributed over the
whole country, and for its proud and
stately beauty ; but it should never
hold that place on account of its honej'-
producing (lualitics, for there are many
flowers that will discount it in this re-
spect. The buckwheat is of far more
importance as a nectar-bearing plant,
and the wild asters can always be re-
lied upon through the severest drouth,
and after frost has destroyed all other
honey-producing plants.
Lakeview, Mich.

INDIANA.

The Report of the State Bee-
Keepers' Convention.

The tenth annual meeting of the In-
diana Bee-Keepers' Association, con-
vened in the State Agricultural Rooms,
on Wednesday, Jan. 15, 1890, at 1
p.m., and was called to order by the
President, Dr. E. H. Collins.

Ylie Presitlent's Anoual Address

President E. H. Collins delivered his
annual address, from which the follow-
ing extracts are taken:

The study of apiculture during the
past 10 to 20 years, has been of unusual
interest; because, in it, as in other oc-
cupations, the growth of invention has
been very rapid and encouraging.
The introduction of Italian queen-bees
into American apiaries has passed
away, and the business has found its
legitimate work of furnishing bees and
queens and other supplies to the trade,
and producing honey for the market.

The hone3'-flow during the past three
seasons has been quite discouraging,
so much depends upon climatic condi-
tions. We have passed through two
years of drouth and one of cold and
wet, yet it is noticeable that where
good management prevailed, the yield
was generally remunerative. Suppose
the circumstances connected with
honej'-production were to be perfect
for a few years, what would be the re-
sult? The market would be flooded,
and prices ruined, and with this would
come sluggishness and decay. But
these ever varying conditions consti-
tute a complicated problem, which
necessity compels us to solve, and iu
the solution of which lies the pleasure
of pursuit and the enjoyment of attain-
ment. Protect your colonies, and an
increase of honey will be the result.

According to the researches of A. I.
Root, the following statistics are ob-
tained:

Well-informed bee-keepers lost about
n per cent, of their colonies, while
others lost 17 per cent. The cool
weather of June and July prevented

120

XHU mmimmiGMM mmm j@i3mkmil..

bees from breeding, and the excessive
rains waslied tlie honey from the flow-
ers ; yet in spite of this, the yield was
about 76 per cent, of the crop, being
50 per cent, better than in 1888. In
1880 our State had 146,000 colonies,
and produced 1,097,000 lbs. of surplus
honey; but the winter of 1880-81 killed
half the bees, which reduced our sur-
plus to 690,000 lbs., making a difference
in the two crops of 407,000 lbs. These
were very extreme changes.

The yield of 1887 was 1,624,000 lbs.;
in 1888 the number of colonies in-
creased, but the yield was reduced to
923,000 lbs.— the effect of dry weather.
Pay more attention to packing bees for
winter ; be more thoughtful about
taking honey too close, and increasing
too fast. The majority of our winter
losses come from diarrhea and starva-
tion.

Our exhibit at the State Fair was
creditable, although not as large and
impressive as becomes our State. If
■we ask for more space, we can get it.
The business of bee-culture is increas-
ing; every farmer's family has a mem-
ber who could learn to handle bees.
Farmers are advised to grow small
fruits — why not produce their own
honey? Finally, attend all agricultural
societies, for it pays to attend them.
E. H. Collins.

BEST METHOD TO GET COMB HONEY.

This subject was ably presented in a
well-prepared essay by Geo. C. Thomp-
son, of Southport, Ind., in which he
said :

" My method is the result of careful
study. To secure a large crop of comb
honey, we must have strong colonies.
The hive must be full to overflowing
with bees. A weak colony may give
fair returns of extracted honey, but
will not work in the sections so as to be
profitable. Construct the hive so as to
be easy of access in all parts at all
times, and capable of being contracted
or expanded at will, as circumstances
may demand. The surplus cases should
be easy of manipulation. The colonies
must be kept strong during the entire
j'ear ; swarming must be prevented,
for, when bees swarm, they do not
store as much honey as those which do
not swarm."

PREPARING HONEY FOR MARKET.

This was the subject presenter! by
G. H. Hornbuckle, of Glenn Valley,
who said :

"First convince the purchaser that it
is pure, and just what you represent it
to be, as honey is no new article. We
must educate the people as to how
honey is produced, and from what
kind of flowers the best honey is gath-
ered. I find honey on market that
people condemn, and should not be

put on the market. At home is the
place to establish a market. Never
put honey in the hands of commission
men. If our people were more educa-
ted on the honey-question, we would
find a more ready sale. E.\,tracted
honey is better than that in the comb."
Action was taken to prepare for a
better exhibit at the State Fair, and to
secure more and better arranged room.
During the thi-ee sessions, a number
of essays were read and discussed with
much interest. A part of the discus-
sion was too theoretical, as usual, but a
number of practical workers from the
field, gave us much accurate informa-
tion on the details of successful man-
agement. How easy it is, when a
stranger begins to speak, for one of
experience to tell whether he is a prac-
tical bee-keeper or not. Very often
the first sentence betrays him. Theory,
unless based on experience and simply
reaching into the future to pave the
way for experiment, is undesirable in
any such meeting. It is not worth a
cent. But I must not be misunderstood.
The convention was not burdened
with it more than such meetings usually
are, while one member after another
arose promptly, and told his method,
and why it succeeded well with him.

At recesses and intermissions, be-
tween sittings, the audience was chat-
ting freely on various topics of common
interest, and were slow to leave the
house.

A communication from Mrs. Wycliffe
Mason, spoke of Mr. Mason's recent
death, of typhoid fever. Mr. ]\(]lason
was a prominent member of the society.
Every essay on the programme was
read, their being no failures, and a few
volunteer essays were offered.

Ofiicers were elected for the ensuing
year, as follows : President, E. H.
Collins; Vice-President, OraKnowIton;
Secretary, Geo. C. Thompson ; and
Treasurer, J. M. Hicks.

The following Committee on Pro-
gramme was selected : Mrs. C. Rob-
bins, and Messrs. Knowlton, Hender-
son, M3'ers and Wilson.

The programme for the next meeting
devotes the first session to an object
lesson adapted to juvenile bee-keepers'
by our worthy Seci-etary, Geo. C.
Thompson, in which he will open a
hive and show his method of manipu-
lation, and his arrangement of the
honey-board and sections. The pro-
gramme in full will soon be published.
It will include exhibits of samples of
hfiney and honey-|}lants, also supplies,
etc.. with a list of essays by practical
bee-keepers.

Although we had a very pleasant re-
union, and made many new and desir-
able aciiuaintances, we expect next
winter's meeting to be the largest and

best this Society ever held in Indianap-
olis. The stenographer's report of the
meeting will be printed in the State
Agricultural Report. — Indiana Farmer.

NEW YORK.

Report of the New Tork State
Convention.

The New York

Association began

State Bee-Keepers'
its first session of

the 21st annual convention, at 2 p.m.,
on Feb. 5, 1890, in the Supreme Court
room, at Rochester, N. Y. About 50
well-known bee-keepers of the State
were present.

President P. H. Elwood called the
convention to order, and the Secretary,
George H. Knickerbocker, read the
minutes of the last meeting. Consid-
erable time was consumed in receiving
new members.

METHODS OF REARING QUEENS.

A short essay presented by G. M.
Doolittle, on the "New methods of
queen-rearing," was read bj' the Sec-
retary. The essay was merely sugges-
tive of questions relating to queen-
rearing. The methods of rearing
qtieens over a queen-excluding honey-
board were suggested. Some still
claim that queens shall be reared by
the swarming system. Mr. Doolittle
did not wish to advise the use of the
larval system, but he wished to call
out a discussion on this point.

President Elwood thought that bet-
ter queens could be obtained from nat-
ural cells, than in any other way. By
the other methods, satisfactory queens
could be obtained, if pains were taken
in selecting the larva3.

Mr. Doolittle finally said that "when
the Creator put the bee in the world,
he placed it there under the same con-
ditions as other beings — that is, with
the instruction to increase and multi-
ply. The rule of " the survival of the
fittest" reigns in the bee-family. The
results were, that we had the very
highest quality of queens until man
stepped in, and tried to improve upon
the Creator's method.

T. H. Cyrenus said that if the same
care was taken, and the bees given the
attention, under the force method, as
under the natural method, satisfactory
queens might be obtained. He did not
consider queens thus obtained, so
hardy, however.

Mr. Doolittle said : " Upon the
queen depends all thei-e is in bee-keep-
ing. If you are going to scrimp any-
where, do it some other way than on
the queen. You cannot rear a bee or
produce a pound of honey without the
queen. When this fact comes to be
recognized, bee-keepers will find them-
selves more successful." He also said

THiE SMERicatp* mmm j&JjRumiL.

121

ifc^^*^*^AjfcAiiiAj

that the small cells were apt to hatch
first; and the large ones produce the
best queens. This was why many de-
stroy the small cells.

Another question brought up was, if
there really was such a thing as an
"eight-day queen." 0]>inions wore
divided on this subject ; the President
thought that a queen hatched in much
less than ten days, was the result of
bees consuming the oldest larva;. Bees
hatched from old larva; always give
much trouble.

EVENING SESSION.

The evening session was opened at
7 o'clock, with a discussion on the
question of how to best secure reduced
freight rates on honey. The one great
trouble in shipping honey, it was de-
veloped by the discussion, is the care-
lessness of the freight-handlers. Mr.
Dickinson thought that a shipper
should personally superintend his own
shipments. From the discussion, it
would seem that the Inter-State Com-
merce Commission is not veryjjopular
with the honey-producers. It is im-
possible to secure reduced rates. Mr.
Dickinson thought the Commission was
appointed in the interests of the rail-
ways, instead of the shippers.

As a result of the discussion, a com-
mittee consisting of O. L. Hershiser,
C. G. Dickinson, and W. H. Dodge, of
Charlottle, Vt., was appointed to con-
fer with the Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Society, in regard to taking steps
to secure reduced freight-rates.

The question, "Has it paid honey-
producers to buy Italian and other im-
ported queens ?" was discussed in an
essay by Ira Barber. In the absence
of Mr. Barber, the essay was read by
the Secretar}'. Mr. Barber had a good
word for the Italian queen. He thought
that she had a good influence, and was
perfectly satisfactory.

NEW RACES OF BEES.

Secretary Knickerbocker next read
an essay on " The new races of bees."
The Syrians were the first dealt with.
While Mr. Knickerbocker had a good
word for the imported bees, he closed
with this bit of advice: "In these
times of close competition, low prices,
and uncertainty in the honey crop, my
advice" is, that if you have a good
working colony of bees, you should
not 'fool' away your money in secur-
ing fauc}', new and untried races of
bees."

An interesting discussion followed
Mr. Knickerbocker's essay, " My opin-
ion is," said Chester Olmstead, " that
if we took as much pains with the
black bees, as with the Italians, they
would be more profitable. I find the
Italians altogether too liable to
swarm."

Mr. Ashliy preferred the brown bee.
He did not lik(^ black ones. Italians,
h(! thought, iici'ded ,l(!ss food for wiut(;r
tlian the lilacks. The blacks' doing so
well in honey-gathering, hail myslilicd
him.

Mr. Dickinson thought it was strange
that Italian bees had been cultivated
here for 28 j-ears successfully, and that
bee-keepers w(!re just coming to
think them worthless. " A cross is
better than a thoroughbred," said he,
"for practical i)urposes. One thing in
favor of the Italian queen is, that 3'ou
can find her when yon want hei'. A
black queen cannot be depended upon;
she does not stay at home and attend
to business. The Italian queen does
not wander more than half a mile
from home, and it does not take more
than an hour to find her."

Mr. Hershiser said that he believed
a race of bees given to swarming, if
properly cared for, was more profit-
able as honey-producers. That was
why he liked the Italian bees.

Mr. Cyrenus said that as far as
money was concerned, the Italians had
never helped him out. On the other
hand, if the blacks had been given the
same care, as to their fine points, as
the Italians have had, they would have
improved as much as the Italians
have.

Speaking on the matter of improv-
ing bees, Mr. Betsinger said : " I do
not believe there has been, in the past
forty years, what can be called 'im-
provement' in either the Italian or the
black bees. It is the bee-keepers, and
not the bees, that have improved."

President Elwood said that he be-
lieved there was as much difference
between various Italian bees, as be-
tween Italians and blacks. No one
race would succeed in all parts of the
country. In short yields of white
honey, the hybrids were superior ; for
gathering buckwheat honey, he thought
that the black bee was superior to the
Italian.

An adjournment was taken at the
close of the discussion, to 9 o'clock the
next morning.

HIVING- BEES.

All Experience with a Swarm
on a Stump.Root.

Written Jor the American Bee Journal

BY D. CHALMERS.

On the morning of Aug. 16, 1889,
about 9 a.m., I was busy in the har-
vest-field pulling peas, when a Mr.
Erb came to me, and after the ordi-
nary greetings, he informed me that
two days previous, he had found a
swarm of bees on a stump-root, which
he wished me to go and hive for him.

I told him that I doul)ted very much
whether tlicre would be any bees by
this time, on the stump, but he as-
sured me that there were.

He told me tliat he got a couple of
young lads (sons of an old fogy) to
try and hive them for him, on the day
he found them, but it balllcd their
skill.

To understand the position of the
bees, the reader will have to imagine
a large pine stump, about 2J feet in
diameter, all charred, and left stand-
ing above ground Ijy forest fires ; one
of its largest roots shot out in a north-
erly direction for some distance, and
then formed two, each branch being
about 3 feet long, and their ends were
about 18 inches above terra firmn. On
the extremity of one of these roots the
bees are supposed to have clustered,
as that is where Mr. Erb found them,
and when he called in the lads, they
brought an old basket-hive with them,
which thej' tried to force the bees to
inhabit.

The honey-gathering insects were
developed h}^ a kick on the root, and
took " the drop" all right, but would
not enter the basket " worth a cent,"
but, instead, kept re-clustering, and
the would-be bee-men took them by
handfuls, and slammed them on the
ground in front of the basket hive,
killing raanj-, and irritating the sur-
vivors, as myriads betook themselves
to stinging both the operators and Mr.
Erb.

All attempts to hive the bees proved
futile, and had just to leave the bees
where found, but charged Mr. Erb 50
cents, to purchase whisky to drive the
poison out ! So Mr. Erb came to me
two days later, very anxious that I
should try my skill, and was willing
to pay me for it. I thereupon tried to
scare him bj' refusing to leave the har-
vest-field for less than 50 cents (as the
bees were all of three miles away) ; but
he at once accepted my offer.

Then I said to him that it was non-
sense, at that time of year, to think of
bees starting on nothing, and be able
to build enough comb and store suffi-
cient honey to winter on. Mr. E. said
that he could not afford to buy any-
thing to help them, and I then offered
to furnish a hive and enough combs,
from which I had recently been ex-
tracting, and if the bees lived until
next summer, be could pay me for
them ; but if, on the contrary, they
should succumb, I would take the arti-
cles back.. He considered my offer —
all that he could wish for — and off we
started for home, and collected (as I
thought) every requirement for the
occasion, and were soon at the stump,
where, sure enough, we found the bees
still clinging to the charred root
(strange to say, they had no comb

122

T'mm MMEMicMN mmm j©wkmsiw.

fc*^ai*<fc»i

h^mtht^MM

but hail moved back into the

formed)
crotch.

After placing the hive as near the
cluster as possible, and arranging a
cloth between them, with a wing I
lifti-d several detachments from the
cluster, and dumped them near the
entrance ; I then applied smoke to the
remainder, which would onlj- take
wing, and re-cluster, although I be-
lieve that most of them visited the
hive, but only to till themselves with
honej- from the moist combs.and hurry
out to soar aloft again, and seemed re-
freshed for a further journe)-. All the
■while it required a free use of smoke
to keep them oft' the root from which
they had so recently been driven, and
which Mr. Erb had begun to chop off.
There was a strong west wind, which
tired the bees, and drove them back a
few rods : and while the writer plied
the axe, in turn with Mr. E., the latter
went to see what the bees were about,
and, upon his return, he told me that
they were clustering in the grass. I
then carried the hive over and placed
it near them for the second time, and
got the first sight of the queen (I had,
until then, feared that she had come
to an untimely end). Every induce-
ment was offered her for a comfortable
home, if she would only enter and
take her family along ; but no, she
would only run about on the cluster.
Her wings were large and strong, but
I judged, by her appearance, that she
was a fertile queen, so I caught her by
the wings with my right thumb and
forefinger, and then entrapped two of
her legs between the corresponding
members of the left hand, and turned
her back downwards, until her wings
were almost touching the top of the
hive, and with the small blade of a
pocket-knife, I cut her right wings off,
and placed her near the hive-entrance,
but she had no more thought of enter-
ing than before ; she tried for consid-
erable time to fiy, but her efforts were
in vain ; so after she had reached quite
a distance from the hive, I again
showed her the entrance to the hive,
which she readily entered, and the
bees, for the first time, began to go in.
At this juncture, Mr. Erb remarked
how quietly they had behaved all the
time, but questioned if "I didn't
charm them." But a few minutes had
elapsed when they were almost all in,
when we filled the entrance with grass,
and soon had them in a suitable place
hard by Mr. E's house, when the grass
was removed, and the subdued bees
liberated.

After dinner, the hive was opened,
and the queen was soon found ; the
combs were quickly adjusted, and
covered up, and instructions given to
Mr. Erb, to feed a little sugar .syrup
every evening.

The bees had not been at liberty
more than thirty minutes until several
could be seen about the damp pump-
platform. The water must have been
for their own immediate use, as there
was no brood of anj' kind in the hive,

At the time the bees were hived
(Aug. 16), the honey-flow of the sea-
son was just o))ening from swamp
flowers, and in less than three weeks
Mr. E. was after me to go out and see
the bees again, as the combs (105x13
inches), he thought, were full. I pur-
posed going to see them sooner on the
queen's account, fearing lest I had
mistaken her fertility ; but when I
went, I was delighted to find that they
had an abundance of honey to winter
on, and brood in all stages —of course,
none would be matured until the three
weeks were up.

I also found queen-cells with eggs
in them ; this I did not like, but de-
stroyed them, and kept my thoughts to
myself, but in reality I considered, by
what Mr. E. told me at first, of the
handling the bees had received, that
the queen had been hurt, and that she
now was about to be superseded ; and
on Oct. 28, my fears were realized,
when Mr. Erb told me that he had
found the queen-bee carried out, dead.
At that time we had a cold spell, with
a hard frost, but I promised to go and
see his bees on the first tine day ; my
promise, however, was not fultilled for
two weeks, when I expected a big
search for a virgin queen, but I was
agreeably surprised to find a fine
young queen doing duty, and the col-
ony in prime condition for winter.
Poole, Out.

MICHIGAN.

Report of the ]yortlica§tei*n
Michigan Cunventiun.

The eighth annual meeting of the
Northeastern Michigan Bee-Keepers'
Association, was held in the Council
Chamber, in Lapeer, on Wednesdaj',
Feb. 5, 1890. The President called
the convention to order, and the pro-
gramme then followed :

Mr. R. L. Taylor, of Lapeer, Mich.,
delivered the following

Pi*«!ii<leiit'» Annual Address:

You have come here to listen to and
take part in discussions upon suljjects
pertaining to apiculture, and presum-
ing that you would prefer, even in a
President's address, something relating
to that subject, rather than matter of
mere congratulation and condolence, 1
shall devote the time I occupy princi-
pally to the former.

You might have been surprised, if
you had chanced to call on me last

Thursday or Friday, at seeing me car-
rying bees out of the cellar to their
summer stands, because I have always
advised leaving bees, in a cellar, un-
disturbed till the winter was over.
Two facts have moved me to take this
new departure, viz : The almost un-
precedented mildness of the season,
and the uneasiness of the bees. There
was. as yet, no appearance of disease,
but it seemed impossible to get a tem-
perature such as to prevent the bees of
many of the colonies from unduty
wasting. It was easy to see, from the
eagerness with which the bees took
wing, and from the spotting of the
covers of the hives in their flight, that
they at least thought it a good thing.
Were they right ?

But I mention the matter more par-
ticularly to point a lesson. We must
not forget that general advice is given,
and rules are laid down, to meet ordi-
nary circumstances ; when extraordi-
uarj' circumstances come in, common
sense must be given free play to form-
ulate new rules, if necessary. In bee-
keeping, circumstances alter cases so
frequently that, to be a successful
apiarist, one must be full of resources
to adequately meet new contingencies.
Unthinking stolidity, at least, is sure to
fail.

Early in October, in order to deter-
mine the amount of stores possessed by
each colony, I weighed each hive.
Out of curiosity, I last week weighed a
number of those removed from the cel-
lar, and found that they had lost,
generally, from 7 to 9 pounds each,
though some were found which had
lost much less. I judge that not more
than half the loss had been incurred
while they were in the cellar.

HOW TO FIND THE QOEEN.

Some may have noticed that I lately
promulgated what was (to me) a new
method of finding queens. I notice
some one claims that it is not new ;
but whether it is or not, it has not been
much practiced nor extensively known.
It will be found a wonderful relief
when queens are to be found in strong
colonies, especiallj" when bees are in-
clined to rob. I think it should be
known by every bee-keeper, so I give
it briefly here :

If the hive to be operated on is not
already provided with a queen-exclud-
ing honey-board, and a super of some
kind, provide it with them, and in any
case see that they are loose, so that
they may be quickly removed. Now,
with the smoker well equipped in one
hand, and a small stone in the other,
kneel by the side of the hive, knocking
lei.surely on the rear end of the brood-
chamber with the stone, for about 2 or
.3 minutes, during which time, at regu-
lar intervals, puft' 6 or 8 strong blasts

'Pmm HMEERICTCn; WMM J0^RIf2S]L.

123

of snidke directly into the eiiti-auce of
the hive ; then ((uicklj' remove the
super and the honey-board, turning
the latter bottom side up on the <;round
in front of the liive, when you will find
the qneen among the bees on the
honey-board.

If you are not successful at least al-
most every time, be assured either that
your eyes are not trained to recognize
the queen readily, or that you have not
followed carefully the directions.

SOME APICULTDRAL ITEMS.

I noticed last autumn that my bees,
during their last flights, si)otted their
hives somewhat. Was that anj- indica-
tion of poor stores, or of a poor condi-
tion for successful wintering ?

We are confronted by a fact, and not
a theory, in the condition of our honey
markets. We had a poor crop, and
yet honey is a drug at low prices. Is
this condition of things owing to the
mild weather, to the hard limes, or to
over-production ? The crop is barely
2 pounds ^icr crt^Mte of our population.
Do we not fail in getting it suliiciently
within reach of the people ?

Like all things mundane, we have
found that bee-keeping moves in a cir-
cle ; now it is at the zenith, now at the
nadir, and, with most of us, it is slow
in passing this lowest jioint. But I
have faith in the future. All things are
his who only waits. The ascent is
again begun. Discouragement is un-
profitable, even in a financial point of
view. Let us be prepared to make the
most of "the good time coming."
There is yet a call for the exercise of
all our abilities to compel the choicest
favors of Fortune.

It is now, if I mistake not, 7 years
since our Association was organized.
For a local society, when we consider
the frequent lean years latterly in bee-
keeping, we have enjojed verj- pleasant
and profitable annual gatherings. I
hope for, and e.xpect, an increasing
interest in this Association. Michigan
is noted for its bee-keepers. Our State
bee-keepers' association is recognized
as the leader of its class. There is no
reason why our Northeastern should
not — if it does not already — stand ne.xt
to that of the State Association. These
meetings are pleasant and profitable
in more ways than one. Each one
should do something to add to their
interest. Every one can ask questions,
and they are a very effective means of
arousing discussion and eliciting in-
formation. R. L. Taylor.

Following the President's address,
the first subject discussed was,

FOUL BROOD AMONG BEES.

The nature of this disease attacks
the young brood before it is fully
hatched out ; it is also very contagious.

increases with great rapidity, and soon
destroys the whole colony, unless a
remedy is appliiul. There is also dan-
ger of transferring the disease from
one colony to another, by diseased
combs.

A cure for this troublesome disease
can be eflected l)y simply shaking tlie
bees into a clean liive, with only foun-
dation, or empty frames, and no comb
in it ; this effects a cure, so far as the
bees are concerned ; then put the hives,
and everything about them, into water,
and boil them thoroughly. This will
make the cure sure.

The next subjects considered were
the following :

SPRING MANAGEMENT — RACES OF BEES.

In this matter it was agreed to better
protect the bees in early spring-time,
Ijy packing the hives in saw-dust,
shavings, or something similar until
settled warm weather is assured.

The races of bees mostly in use now
are known as the Italians, hybrids,
blacks, Carniolans, Syrians and Cyp-
rians, Some prefer one, some anothei-.
Italians are gentle, cling to the combs
well, and are good honey-gatherers.
They are excellent where the honey-
flow is not abundant.

Blacks are good workers in an abun-
dant honey-flow, and of little account
unless such is the case. They build
the straightest combs and store the
whitest honey, and they build their
combs more readilj'. They are irrita-
ble and easily shaken from the combs.

Some hybrids are a cross between
the Italians and blacks, and have the
good qualities of both, but are very ir-
ritable, and must be handled with care.

Carniolans are much like the blacks,
except that they are quiet and gentle,
and cling to the combs better.

Syrians, in appearance, are like the
Italians — yellow bees — and have most
of their good qualities, except that they
are irritable, and do not yield readily
to smoke.

VARIOUS BEE-KEEPING QUESTIONS.

"How do you determine when a col-
ony is queenless ?" The best way to
tell is, by the shape of the capping to
the honey. The caps will be of oval
shape, rather than flat ; by the uneasi-
ness of the bees in the hive; by the bees
coming out at the entrance of the hive
and looking about, as if in search of
something; bees set up a humming
and shaking of their wings — then, last
but not least, remove the frame and
look into the hive.

"How can we keep honey out of the
brood-nest?" Give the bees plenty of
room in the supers ; also, have a little
black " blood " in the bees,

"The prevention of robbing :" Close
the entrance to give passage but for a

singhf \)t;(: at a timi!. This is elVcctive,
if the b('(^s will defend themselves ; if
not, remov(t them to a cellar for a few
days, th(!n phu^e them on a new stand,
or exchange places with the colony
that is the robber.

"Keeping comb honey:" Put in a
dry, warm place, with a uniform tem-
])er.ature — the warmer, the better.
Eighty degrees is a good warmth.

"The utility of wooden combs:'
Their use was considered doubtful as-
to any advantage to be derived.

" Spraying fruit trees :" It should
not be done until the blossoms are
dropping off, or otherwise it might pos-
sibly injure the bees; besides, there is
no advantage to be gained as far as the
fruit is concerned. It is rather a loss
of labor and capital.

The following officers were cho.sen
for the coming year : Presiaent, Hon.
R. L. Taylor, of Lapeer ; Vice-Presi-
dent, G. W. Baldwin, of Port Huron ;
Secretary, W, Z. Hutchinson, of Flint f
and Treasurer, W. E. Gordon, of Union-
ville.

It was decided to hold the next an-
nual meeting at Port Huron, Mich., the
first Wednesday of February, 1891.

The members were entertained at
supper at the residence of Hon. R. L.
Taylor.

The evening session consisted of a
non - conventional discussion, after
which the convention adjourned, the
members being pleased with the day's
deliberations.

A Special Club Rate.

A Magazine of the choice literary charac-
ter which the Illustrated Home Journal.
sustains, will add many pleasures to any
"family circle." Its beautiful illustrations
and interesting reading-matter will make it
heartily welcomed at every " fireside " in
the land.

We desire that every one of our readers
should secure its regular visits during the
year 1890, and in order to induce them to
do so, we will make this tempting offer:

We will Club the American Bee Journal
and the Illustrated Home Journal, and
mail both periodicals during the whole year
1890 for SI-***' if the order is received at
this office by March 31, 1890— when this
offer will end, the regular rate being $1.75.

Postal I^otes are no safer to use in
letters than bank bills. Any one can get
the money on them. A Money Order can
be obtained at the post-ofBce or at the ex-
press office for 5 cents (only 2 cents more
than a Postal Note), and is perfectly safe;
if lost it can be re-issued.

Clults of 5 for $4,00, to any addresses.
Ten for $7,50, if all are sent at one time.

124

TMm mimmmi^mn bbi^ j®\^mnmi^.

CONVENTION DIRECTORY.

1890. Time and place of meeting.

April 16. 17.— Missouri State, at Marshall. Mn.

J. W. House. Sec. Santa Fe, Mo.

May 1.— Southwestern Wisconsin, at Bosoobel, Wis.
Benj. B. Kice, Sec, Boscobel, Wis.

May 3.-8usquehanna Co., at Hopbottom, Pa.

H. M. Seeley. Sec, Harford, Pa.

May 19.— Northern Illinois, at Rocfcford. Ills.

D. A. Fuller, Sec. Cherry Valley, Ills.

1^" In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting.— The Editok.

I winter all of my bees on the sun;imer
stands, without any protection— in fact,
they have not needed any so far, as the
weather is mild. They are all in good con-
dition, with plenty of honey, and are flying
most of the time, and bringing in pollen
from corn-meal. Honey is plentiful in the
market, and sells at 20 cents per pound. I
have my honey on hand yet. If I should
want to sell it to the merchants, 15 cents
per pound is all that they would give me. I
sell it to customers for 1 7 cents per pound.
N. W. Afflerbaugh.
Cameron, Neb., Feb. 8, 1890.

the part stung three or four puffs with the
hot air and smoke, and the pain is gone in-
stantly ; that is, if I am stung on the wrist.
The Bingham smoker is better for the cur-
ing of bee-stings, than any other smoker
that I have used. Keep a red-hot fire m the
smoker, and you have the best remedy for
bee-stings that I know of.

B. T. Baldwin. .
Marion, Ind., Feb. 10, 1890.

'>M

\o^

Appreciates Our Journals.

The American Bee Journal I cannot do
without, and the Ili.vstrated Home Jour-
nal is what one needs in a family ; there is
no trash in it, and no demoralizing stories,
long or short, to do harm to those not hav-
ing tastes formed, or not yet able to dis-
criminate between what ought, and ought
not, to be read. I have discontinued one
paper that is highly spoken of, and substi-
tuted the Illustrated Home Journal,
■which, at its present standard, is excellent.

T. F. KiNSEL.

Shiloh, O., Feb. 10, 1890.

Bees »i«l Well I>ast Summer.

I have 28 colonies of bees, which did very
well last season. I sold 300 pounds of
honey at 15 cents a pound. ' The bees are
now in a much better condition than they
were last year at this time.

H. G. Brown.

Eagleville, O., Feb. 9, 1890.

A Very Mild Winter.

I think that the American Bee Journal
grows better every issue— in fact, I would
not keep bees without it. The winter, so
far, has been quite mild, so that bee-keep-
ers who winter their bees on the summer
stands, consider themselves in luck ; to-day
it looked like an April day, and the bees
roared as in summer time, but we expect
to have enough bad weather in March and
April, to make up for this fine weather.

Marion Miller.

Le Claire, Iowa, Feb. 4, 1890.

Wintering Bees in tlie Cellar.

I have 29 colonies of bees in the cellar,
and some of them are doing all right, but 4
or 5 colonies are not all right; they came
out of their hives, and spotted the fronts
all over. I do not know just what the cause
is, but it is my intention to try to make a
success of the bee-business.

M. C. Davis.

Richland Center, Wis., Feb. 12, 1890.

Bee-Keeping- in ^Vest VirRinia.

I started in the bee-business in 1888,
■with 7 colonies of Italian bees, and have
increased thein to 19. Last year was a
very poor one here; there was a great pro-
fusion of white clover, but it was so very
cool and wet during fruit-bloom, and most
of the summer, that my bees did scarcely
any good. I had to feed them 200 pounds
of sugar and honey. So far they seem to
be doing nicely ; although this has been an
exceptionally warm winter, they do not
seem to consume much stores. I have chaff
hives, altogether, and therefore I winter
the bees on the summer stands. I expect
to give the dovetailed hives a trial the
coming summer, if the season admits. I am
very much interested in the discussions
concerning the thick top-bar; I have never
tried it, but will do so as soon as it becomes
settled— it in its favor. I use the standard
Langstroth frame. We are expecting a
better season this year.

S. Ray Holbert.
Clarkson, W. Va., Feb. 10, 1890.

Uootl Prospects for this Vear.

The honey crop of last year was very
good; I realized from 4 colonies, spring
count, 974 pounds— all comb honey. I ex-
tracted only the imperfectly filled sections
Three-fourths of my crop was gathered
from white clover, and the rest from lin-
den The prospects for this year are good.
A. F. Sanger.

Mot Grove, Mo., Feb. 8, 1890.

Uneasy Bees— White Clover.

I put 62 colonies into the cellar last win-
ter, and lost 2 queenless hybrid colonies;
the rest were all strong. In May I had to
feed them, and there were hard times for
bees. My crop was 9,500 pounds of ex-
tracted honey, which I sold for 6^ cents
per pound. My bees ijre getting uneasy in
the cellar, and when there is a nice day, I
will take them out for a flight. White
clover looks well. Pn. Pfeiffenberger.

Addison, Wis., Feb. 5, 1890.

DiRestea Wectar— Mild Winter.

We are living in a rapidly-advancing age,
and nothing but a double quick pace will
keep one to the front. Theories born yes-
terday, are pronounced as facts to-day. It
Solomon were on earth to-day, he would
probably reverse his old " song," so as to
make it read thus: That which we have
done we will do no more, and that which
we have not done, we will do, or die in try-
ing; for everything shall be new under the
sun. , ..

Only a few months ago bees were sting-
ing acid into honey with their tails; now
they digest it there; and if "digested"
would only stop there, but it will not, or
does not seem to do so. The article from
Mr Kauzler, on page 70, brings us fully up
to that date; and I will also add that man
also is digested eggs, hogs, etc, This brings
us up to date. Now let us try to keep up
to the times in bee-culture, and, above aU,
do not allow our literature to get behind.

I have lived in this vicinity for over 55
years, and this is the mildest winter that I
ever knew. Bees went into winter quar-
ters well supplied with stores, and the
weather has been such as to enable them to
fly about half the time. D. Millard.

Mendon, Mich., Feb. 5, 1890.

Carniolan Bees— Selling Honey.

Last June I sent for a Carniolan queen,
and put her into a queenless colony ; in two
weeks I opened the hive, and found every
comb full of brood. I thought then that I
had the bees that would do me some good
in the future. They were good vvorkers. I
put on the surplus case, and the'y went to
work in it. In the fall, when honey com-
menced to fail, they commenced to rob my
Italian bees; in the morning they would
be out before the Italians, passing in and
out of every hive that I had on the place.
I soon decided that this would not do; sol
got the smoker, and smoked them to get
the queen, and when I found her, oft' went
her head. The bees were of three colors-
black, gray, and some had the Italian
mark. I will let the reader judge what
kind of bees they were. I do not pretend
to know anything about the Carniolans.

I\ameless Disease— Bee-Stings.

This has been one of the most beautiful
winters for a long time. Drones have been
flying in my apiary for two or three weeks.

I put 107 colonies in, and they are all
in fine condition so far. The "nameless
disease " and poor seasons are the worst
things that I have to contend with; the
"namele.ss disease" is a regular puzzler to
me. I saw a young bee hatch with it, and
have had it commence in colonies after the
queen was three years old. I have had
queens die with it; drones have it also, but
they do not show it as much as workers and
queens. I wish that some one would hurry
up and find a sure cure for it.

An article was written for one of the bee-
papers, telling how he cured bee-stings, by
holding the part stung over a lamp. I have
cured stings this way for the last six or
eight years, only in this way I use a Bing-
ham hot-draft imoker. When I am stung,

I I rake the sting off, grab the smoker, give

Honey from Ciolden-Kod, etc.

On reading several recent numbers of the
Bee Journal, I have been surprised m
noticing how many places m the Unitea
States report a failure in golden-rod as a
nectar-bearing plant. In eastern Kansas,
it is our best hope for fall honey and sev-
eral times it has saved us from total fail-
ure-particularly in 1888, in which year
there was no honey from fruit-bloom or
clover but a very atiundaut flow of nectar
from golden-rod. In 1889, there was quite
a good yield from clover-an average of 60
pounds per colony; in the faU, golden-rod
bloomed freely, and for a few days bees
were thick on it, neglecting every other
flower until a frost in one night quite
stopped all further honey-flow for that sea-
son The conclusion would seem to be,that
golden-rod must have rain and tolerably
warm weather, to produce nectar, and,
under these conditions, it will do grandly.
Give it a further trial, before condemnmg
it as "no good." ,

We are hopeful for this year; clover is
abundant, having been weU protected by
snow during our severest weather, and 1
hope to report 100 pounds per colony, or
better, next fall. Wm^M. Rowe.

Lawrence, Kans., Feb. 5, 1890.

TMm MMEERIC^CIf ^Mm JQURf^KIU.

125

liijmir^

BUSINESS MANAGER.

' Subscribers who do not receive their

papers promptly, should notify us at once.

1^'" Money in Potatoes, by Mr. Joseph
Greiuer. Price, 25 cents, postpaid. For sale
at this office.

H^" Send us one i^E^V subscriber, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

K^" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

I^" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshii-e's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 35 cents per ounce, by express.

|g" The date on the wi-apper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

jp^" Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

It^" Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jour-
nal at $1.85 for the two; or with both our
Home Journal and Bee Journal for $2.50
for all three papers.

Ipf As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write American Bee
Journal on the corner of yom- envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

It^" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

•• 100 colonies (220 pag-es) 1 25

•' 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

J^" When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book,
by mail, postpaid. It seUs at 50 cents.

1^^ We offer the Monthly Philadelphia
Farm Journal, and either the American
Bee Journal or Illustrated Home Jour-
nal for one year, for the small sum of $1.20.
Or, we will give it free for one year to any
one who will send us one new subscriber for
either of our Journals with $1.00 (the sub-
scription price).

We <;iiil> the American lice Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the jirices quoted in the I..ASX
column. The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book :
Price of both. Club.
The American Bee Journal $1 00 —

and Gleanings in Hee-Culture 2 00 — 175

Uec-Keepers' Guide 150. .. 140

Bee-Keepers' Review 150 140

The Apiculturist 175 165

Bee-Keepers' Advance 150 140

Canadian Bee Journal 2 00 ... 180

The 7 above-named papers 5 25 — 5 00

and Langsti'oth Kevispci (Darlant) .3 00 ... . 275
Cook'sMiiiiual{]SM7r(lilion) 2 25.... 2 00

Quinbv's New Bt't'-Kcciiiiig. 2 50 2 25

DoolittleonQuecn-Kcuiing. 2 00.... 175

Bees and Honey (Newmiui).. 2 00 175

Binder for Am.Beo Journal. 160 150

Dzlerzon's Bee-Book (cloth). 3 00.... 2 00
Hoot's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25 ... . 210

Farmer's Account Book 4 00 ... 2 20

■Western World Guide 150.... 1.30

Heddon's bottk, "Success,".. 150 140

A Year Among the Bees 1 75 1 50

Convention Hand-Book 150. .. 1 '30

Weekly Inter-Ocean 2 00 175

Toronto Globe (weekly) 2 00.... 170

History of National Society. 150.... 125
American Poultry Journal.. 2 25 150

Do not send to us for sample copies
of any other papers. Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

CATARRH.

CATARRHAL DEAFNESS-HAY FEVER.
A New Home Treatment.

Sufferers are not generally aware that
these diseases are contagious, or that they
are due to the presence of living parasites
in the lining membrane of the nose and
eustachian tubes. Microscopic research,
however, has proved this to be a fact, and
the result of this discovery is that a simple
remedy has been formulated whereby
catarrh, catarrhal deafness and hay fever
are permanently cured in from one to three
simple applications made at home by the
patient once in two weeks.

N. B. — This treatment is not a snuft or an
ointment; both have been discarded by
reputalile phj'sicians as injurious. A
pamphlet explaining this new treatment is
sent free on receipt of stamp to pay pos-
tage, by A. H. Dixon & Son, 337 and 339
West King Street, Toronto, Canada. —
Christian Advocate.

Sufferers from Catarrhal troubles should
carefully read the above.
50E26t Iraly.

Convention Notices.

tW The spring meeting of the Northern Illinois
Bee-Keepers' Association, will meet at the residence
of D. A. Fuller, in Clierry Valley, Ills., on May 19th,
1890. D. A. Fuller, Sec.

SW The next regular meeting of the Southwes-
tern Wisconsin Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held at Boscobel, Wis., on Thursday, May 1.1890,
at 10 a.m. Benj. B. Uice, Sec.

B^~ The spring meeting of the Missouri State Bee-
Keepers' Association, will be held at Marshall, Saline
Co.. Mo., on Wedne.sday and 'J'hursday. April 16 and
17, 18W. in the County Court Room. Reduced rates
at the hotel, for bee-keepers, have been secured, and
a committee is at wttrk to secure rates on the rail-
roads. A cordial invitation is extended to beekeep-
ers everywhere, and especially to those of Missouri.
A number of essays from prominent bee-men are
expected, and an interestiog time is anticipated.
J. W. ROD8E, Sec.

DENVKK. .71111. 27.— 1-lb. sections, 1.3(??>15e. ;
E.vtriiclcil. 7(<6Kc'. Beeswax, 20@25c. Market
well supplieil. Demand moderate.

J. M. CLAllK COM. CO.. 1421 Fifteenth St.

KANSAS (ITY, Jan. 25.— Market continues
very dull. Demand very light. Weather is en-
tirely too warm. We quote white 1-lb. comb,
13c.; fall. 1-lbs., 10@llc.: white. 2-lb.s.. ll(3i
12c.; fall, 2-llia., 10c. Extnicled, white, 7©
7V4c. ; amber, .">ff>i0c. Beeswax, 22c.
CLEMONS, CLOON & CO.,

Cor. 4tli and Walnut Sts.

CHICAGO, Jan. 22.— We quote: White clo-
ver 1-lbs.. Il'/2<f0l2'/4c.; 2-Ilw., lOffnllc. Bass-
wood 1-lbs., 10J4(S)llc. Buckwheat 1-lbs., H%
9c. Extracted, 6 !4(a7Hc. Beeswax — bright,
25@26c. ; dark, 23(a24c.

S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, Jan. 21.— Demand light and
prices lower. Very fancy 1-lbs., 12 in aerate.
13c.; good white 1-lbs.. 12@,12',4c.: dark 1-lbs.
and 2-lbs., 8(5)10c.; white 2-Ihs.. Il(ai2c. Ex-
tracted, white, 6@7c. ; dark, .5fff6c.

HAMBLIN & BEARSS, 514 Walnut St.

CHICAGO, Feb. 13.— Honey is selling with
more freedom than for some time, but prices
remain at 12@.13c for the best; 10@llc for
what is not prime, and SClOc for dark and
buckwheat hone.v. Extracted is not so active,
with prices at 7(Si8c for finest grades, and 6c
lor dark and off-color. Beeswax. 25c for yellow.
K. A. BUENETT. 161 S. Water St.

DETROIT, Feb. 10. — Comb honey is now
quoted at llC';13c. The supply is not large;
sales are slow. Extracted, 7(n 8c. Beeswax, 24c.
M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.

BOSTON, Feb. 15.— Best 1 lbs., 16c; best 2
lbs.. 15c. Extracted, 7(®9c. Beeswax, 23c.
Trade is dull.

BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham St.

CINCINNATI, Feb. 14.— Good demand for
extracted hone.v. in glass jars, while demand
from maiiiilaeturers is slow; it brings 5(Gj8c
per lb. Comb honey, 12(«»15c a lb. lor best
white.

Beeswax is in good demand at 20@24c. for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH & SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

Xlie Report of the proceedings of the
30th annual session of the International
American Bee- Association is now published.
The price is 25 cts., postpaid. It contains,
besides the report, the new songs and
music then used, and engi'avings of the
present officers as well as the retiring ones.
In all, it contains 36 pages. It is for sale
at this office.

Honey Almanac for 1890.

JUST the thlnar needed to create a demand for
HONEY at home. Bee-keepers should scatter
It freely. It shows the uses of Honey for Medicine,
Bating, Drinkinc, Cooking, for making Cosmetics^
VineKar, etc.: also uses of BEE8WAX. Price, Sets.;
25 copies for tl.io ; 50 copies, $1.70: 75 copies, $2.30;
\00 for »2.90. The foregoinK are POSTPAID prices:
foUowinR are prices wbea sent by express or freight;
lOf) for $2.50 ; 5<Wfor $10.00; l.oai for $15.00. The
Bee-Keeper*8 CARD will be printed on the first page
without extra cost, when 25 or more are ordered at
one time. Address,

THOS. G. NEWMAIV & SON,

246 East Madisoti St., - - CHICAGO. ILL.

EVERY BEE-KEEPER WANTS A PATTERN
OF THE

DIBBERN BEE ESCAPE

Greatly improved, Tinned wire cloth, soldered on
tin. Instantly removable without taking off the
board. Sample Cone by mail, 50c. Complete board
by express (give size of super), $i.oo.

8ASt C. H. DIBBERN, mUan, Ills.

Mention the American Bee Journal,

126

Tmm MMBKicMK mmm s^-wmMmi^.

Muth's Honey Extractor

Perfection Cold-Blast Smokers,

SQUARE «LASS HONEY-JARS, etc.

For Circulars, apply to

CIKARI^ES F, SUTTH <Xe SON.

for. Freeman 4 Central Aves., CINCINNATI. O.
F. 8.— Send inc. for Practical Hints to Befi-Keeperc

An Elegant Monthly for the
FAIMILY A1\I> FIRESIDE,

At ^1.00 a Year.

Printed in the highest stj^le of the art, and

profusely embelUsbed with Mag-nificent

and costly Engravings,

*'PUB USHERS - 'WUJMJ
CHICAGO, ILLS.

It is a moral and intellectual educator, and
is invaluable in every library, as well asa very
attractive and inspiring ornament in every
drawing-room. Each issue contains 36 paees.

Its historical and biographical sketches, as
-well as its stories, are charming ; its depai-t-
ments for the Young- Folks, the Household,
and the Family Circle arc very interesting,
and all who examine it are sure to become
regular subscribers. It captivates them all.

A Sample Copy will be sent free, upon
application to the publishers.

The II.I.USTBAT£D HOME JOURNAL

will be clubbed with the American Bee Journiil
and both mailed to any address in the United
States and Canada, for one year, for $1.60.

SIMPLE AND CHEAP.

The most important inventiou since the in-
troduction of the moviible-comb fniiue. Bees
made to hive tljempelvep. Easily and quiclily
applied to all style of hives. For full particu-
lars, address,

AMERICAN APICUCTURIST,

2Etf WENHAM, MASS.

SCIENTIFIC

QUEEN-REARING

AS PRACTICAIil-Y APPIilED ;

Being a Method by which the very best of

Queeu-Rees are reared in perfect accord

with Nature' Ways ; by

Gr. M. DOOLITTLE,

Itorodino, i\. 11.

In this book the author details the results
of his Experiments in Rearing Queen- Bees for
the past four or five years, and is the first
to present his discoveries to the World.

Bound in Cloth— 176 pages— Price, $1.00,
postpaid ; or, it will be Clubbed with the
American Bee Journal one year, for $1.75 —
with the Illustrated Home Journal, for $1.75 ;
or the two Journals and the Book for $2.50.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

1>46 East MadiBon-Strect, - CHICAGO, ILLS.

d6nd l\i uOntS rear among'the Bees;"—
114 pages, cloth bound. Address,

DR. C. C. imLIiER,
20Atf MARENGO, ILLS.

Useful Scales

The Union or Family Scale.

D

This Scale has steel bearings, and it weighs
from '/4-ounce to ;;40 pounds. Price, with a
Single Brass Beam, as shown in the illustra-
tion, $.3.00. Wiih Double Beam tor taking the
tare, JP3.50.

The Little retectiTe Scale.

This little Scale is made with steel hearings,
and a brass Beam, and will weifih accurately
^4-ounce to 25 pounds. It supplies the great
demand for a Housekeeper's Scale. Prices :

Single beam, no scoop $2.00.

tin " 2.."iO.

Double " no scoop 3.00,

tin " 3.50.

|^~ All orders filled promptly.

TMOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

240 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILLS.

GET

ACQUAINTED

WITH t;ik
BEE-KEEPERS' I^EVIEW.

The December issue has 24 pages, a cut show-
ing "The Home of the Review," also an ac-
coinpanying article descriptive of "The Re-
view, its Home, its Editor and his Family."
This number shttws moi'e clearl.y, perhaps, the
pUiu upon which the Review is conducted,
than does any single numberthat has preceded
it. In its advertising columns will be found
the description of a plan whereby all who wish,
may secure the back numbers at a trifling cost.
The special topic of this issue is, "What Will
Best Combine with Bee-Keeping; and What
Shall Bee-Keepers do Winters ?" This number
will be gladly sent free to all who apply, and
with it will be sent two other numbers.

4Etf W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich
Mention the American Bee Journal.

SECTION PRESS.

-'TEO JULY 12. 18 J"

WE are now prepared to furnish Wakeman
& Crocker's PRESS for puUlii;^ to-
gether One-Pleee Sections- at wholesale
and retail. Price, $2.00, by express. By
dozen— rate given upon application.

THOS. G. NEWMAN &: SON,

246 East Madison-St., - - CHICAGO, ILLS,

ADANT'S ^

FOUNDATION

Is guaranteed by us, every inch equal to sam-
ple in every respect. For sale by the following
and numerous other dealers:

THOS. G. NEWMAN k SON, Chicago, Ills.

C. V. MUTH & SON. CiiHiimati. O.

.lAMES HEDDON, Dowanillf, Mich.

CHAS. H. GREEN, Wiiukesha, Wis.

('HAS. HKRI'E:., ,Ir., Freeljurg, Ills.

E. S. AKMSTRONG, .KTseyville, Ills.

E. KRETCHMER, Cnburs. Iowa.

D«. G. L. riNKBK. New Phihidelphia, O.

.UlS. NYSEWANDEIl. Dfs Muines. Iowa.

(i. B. LEWIS & CO.. Wmertown, Wis.

PAUIj L. VIALLO.N. Bavuu Goula, La.

J. MATTOON, Atwaler. O.

Goortell &, Woodworth M'f'K Co., Rock Falls, Ills.

OLIVER FOSTER, Mt. Vernon, Iowa.

GEO. E. HILTON, Fremont, Mich.

.7. M. CLAI'.K Com. Co.. 14it iuth St.. Denver, Col.

E. X^. Goold & Co., Brantford, Out,, Canada

G. K. HUBBAKD, Fiirt Wayne, Ind.

O. ti. C' iIXIER. Fairl>urT. Neb.

H IL SCHMIDT & CO.. New London, Wis.

J. STAUFFER&SONS, Nappanee, Ind.

E. R. NE WCOMB, Pleasant Valley, N. V.

L HANSSEN, Davenport. Iowa.

BEP.LIN FEUIT BOX CO., Berlin Heights, O.

Langstroth on the Honey-Bee, Revised.

The book for beginners. The most complete
Te.\t-Book on the subject in the English lan-
guage.

Bee- Veils of imported material, Smokers,
St-etloiis, &c.

Circular, with advice to beginners. Samples,
&c., free. Send your address on a postal to

CHAS. DAD ANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ills.
Mention the American Bet Journal.

NEW ONE-POUND HONEY PAIL.

THIS new size of our Tapering
Honey Pails l80f uniform destKO
with the other aizes, having the top
edge turned over, and has a bail or
handle.— making It very convenient
to carry. It is wel i-made and, when
filled with honey, makes a novel and
attractive small package, that can

be sold for 20 cents or less. Many

consumers will buy it in order to give the children a
handsome toy path Price. 75 cents per dozeiii
or«a.OOperlOO.

THOITIAS O. NEW^MAN &. SON,

!346 East MadiBon Street. - CHICAGO, ILLS.
Mention the AtncHcan Bee Journal.

PARNIOLANS

H Bees and Queens bred from Ture Tm-

I I ported Stock with threat CMre. Send iori.ir-
H ■ cnlar giving full descriptions, queens in
■Jjjune. »l. Address, K. I.. PRATT,
^^^ PRATT BEE FARM. Marlboro, 3Iass*

Italian Queens from a Yard several miles
distant, same price. Also Dealer in Supplies.
3Atf

Mention the American Bee Journal.

SOMETHING NEW,

Our INW) 16-page Circular (if Bee-Keepers' Supplies.
Send name on a Postal Card. Address,
6Etf JNO. NEBEl. & SON, High Hill, Mo.

Mention the American Bee Jnunial.

BEE-KEEPEKS) SUPPLIES!

WE are prepared to furnish bee-keepers
with Supplies promptly, and .at greatly
reduced rates. Estimates gladly furnished,
and correspondence solicited. Our goods are
unexcelled in quality and workmanship.

Italian Queens and Bees at a very low
price. Scud for large illustrated Price-List,
free. Alley's Quekn and Drone-Tkap and
SwABM-HivER always on hand.

A. F. STAUFFEB & CO.,

40Etf STERLING, Whiteside Co., ILL.

3Ientlon the American Bee Journal.

TMm JSJMMMIcatK WMM JOtJRlMRlL.

139

m

.. > l?Ui3HSKED HY„ „

THOS. G.NEWMAN fcSON,

BDITOR.

Vol. mi. MarcH,1890. No. 9.

B^" La Grippe still holds the editor of
the Bee-Keepers' Advance under its sway.
We offer our sympathy.

Extra, Passes are added to this issue
of the Bee Journal to give room for our
Premium List, and also for illustrated de-
scriptions of the many useful Supplies and
Implements necessary for the successful
management of the apiary during the com-
ing honey season. Let all prepare in good
time, and have everything necessary on
liand before the honey season commences.

The bee-keepers of Seneca County,
N. Y., met at Ovid in their 7th annual con-
vention on Feb. 13, at 10 a.m. The Past
Worthy Lecturer of the New York State
Grange, J. B. Whiting, was elected Presi-
dent, and C. L. Baley Secretary. Mr. G.
M. Doolittle, of Onondaga County, was
present by invitation, and gave them an
hour's address, and was then kept on the
floor for hours, answering questions. The
meeting was largely attended by en-
thusiastic bee-keepers.

Fire has destroyed one of Mr. Dayton
E. Barker's apiaries, at St. Joseph, Mo. The
building in the apiary was stored with
honey and other goods, and was entirely
consumed, on the night of Feb. 13, 1890.
Mr. B. had two apiaries — one containing
121 colonies of bees, and the other having
554— the latter is the one consumed. All
will sympathize with him in his loss, as it is
total and heavy, there being no insurance.
Now, we ask, M'liy was such an important
thing neglected' He would have found
•81,000 very convenient to have, in this the
hour of calamity ! Let this be a warning
to all, who have property that ought to be
insured against loss by fire.

Eallier I..:in;;Ntr<>lli continues to
grow more fei'l)le, as we learn from Mrs.
Cowan, his daughter. A letter dated Jan.
6, came from Mrs. Cowan during our ill-
ness, but WHS mislaid until now, containing
an item which should have appeared long
ago. It is as follows:

On the 5th of December last, my father
received a telegram from the "Interna-
tional Bee-Keepers' Convention," sending
him the greetings of the convention, and
regretting that he could not be with them.

By some carelessness, the telegram was
destroyed, and I could not rememljer the
signatures, so I have never acknowledged
it. Will you please to give this explana-
tion in your J(juhnal, and extend to all the
members of that convention (and to his
other bee-keeping friends) his earnest de-
sire that they may all have a happy and
prosperous year.

We are well aware that Father Lang-
stroth feels deeply grateful to all who think
of him, and forward their grateful remem-
brances. Such lighten up his pathway and
cheer his spirits, as the flesh grows weaker,
and life's journey advances ^toward com-
pletion.

Here is what Asher M. Coe, of Coe
Ridge, O., writes about promptly receiving
our books :

I received the "Honey Almanacs" and
" Doolittle's Queen-Rearing " to-day. I am
much pleased with the Honey Almanacs.
As for Doolittle's book — it is exquisite !
These books came very promptly; the letter
was mailed the 6th, and I received the
books on the Sth. Thanks for promptness.

We aim to be very prompt in filling all
orders — and they are filled the same day as
they are received, unless they call for some-
thing not in stock.

For particulars about clubbing Doolittle's
book with our Journals, see page 153.

For prices of the Honey Almanacs in
quantities, see page 149. The Bee-Keep-
ers'' Advance for February is just at hand,
and contains the following ;

The Honey Almanac is just received.
Nothing like it has been published before.
It not only reveals to us the wonderful
curative qualities of honey, but it will be a
powerful agent in helping the producer to
dispose of his crop. Too much cannot be
said in its praise. Every producer of honey
should scatter this friend to bee-keepers.

From Dakota, [comes the following
item of commendation from the editor of
the Fargo Arrjus:

The Illustrated Home Journal has
reached the Arfjus review table, and if the
cm'reut number may be taken as a sample
of the general character of the magazine, it
is worthy of a place in every household in
the land. Its table of contents is remark-
ably choice, both from a literary and artis-
tic point of view.

Attention is caUed to the fact that
J. B. Mason & Sons have purchased the
Carniolan queen business of John Andrews,
of Patten's Mills, N. Y. See their advertise-
ment in this issue.

■low IlceMM-ax in ITIa«l<-. -Among
the interesting productions of a iviinny of
bees, there is perhaps none more furioua
than that of making the wax which forms
the receptacles for the nectar that the bees
gather, and which, when melted, forms the
beeswax oi commerce. How the " busy
bees "do this part of their work, is de-
scribed in the following paragraphs :

It is no mere extraneous substance which
needs only to be collected for use ; it is a
bit of individual, organic home manufac-
ture. If you examine the under surface of
a cell-building worker-bee, you will find be-
neath the abdomen four pairs of white
plates projecting from as many pockets in
the increasing rings of this part of the body.
These are the wax-plates made from the
life-blood of the worker.

Examine now, with a lens, one of the
hinder legs ; you will find that the stoutest
joints are very " square-.shouldered " at the
hinge, and that the hinge is well over to
one side, so that the shoulders form a pair
of jaws, which open when a limb is bent,
and close when it is straightened. The up-
per jaw has a row of spines which bite on a
plate on the upper jaw ; with this appara-
tus, piercing it with these spines, the worker
withdraws a wax-plate from its pocket,
transfers it to the front legs, and thence to
the mouth, where it is laboriously masti-
cated with a salivary secretion. Unless it
undergoes this process, it lacks the quality
requisite for cell-making.

Beeswax is said to be the best substance
for receiving and recording the vibrations
of the needle of the phonograph, which bids
fair to come into use as a practical ma-
chine, the telephone having prepared the
business world for wonders of this sort.

Xlie Xiiue is at Hand when bee-
keepers should be providing for next sea-
son's operations, by procuring the neces-
sary "supplies," such as hives, comb foun-
dation, sections, crates, and such imple-
ments as will be needed. Now is the time
to procure such — before the rush comes,
when the supply dealers will be busy, and
be unable to promptly fill all their orders.
To have such things on hand ready for use,
when required, is a pleasure; hut waiting
for them to come, when needed for use, is
very disagreeable and annoying.

Xlie IVatlonal Bee-Keepers' Union is
thus endorsed by ex-President Dr. A. B.
Mason, of Auburndale, Ohio :

Please find the amount enclosed for dues
to the National Bee-Keepers' Union for
1890. I want to " practice what I preach"
in regard to helping on the good work, and
I do most sincerely wish that the treasury
might become so full of the " almighty
dollars" that those having charge of its
interests whould not have to "take thought
for the morrow " in regard to funds to carry
on the work of the Union.

Honey-Caudy — Several have asked
for recipes for making honey-candy. The
following is one, although not much honey
is found in its composition :

Use one pint of white sugar, water
enough to dissolve it, and four table-spoon-
fuls of extracted honey. Boil untU it be-
comes brittle on being dropped into cold
water. Pull when cooling.

140

Tmm MMBmic^MH mmm jo^KifMi^.

Bees and Fruit.— Under this bead-
ing, a correspondent in the National Stock-
nuin and Fanner, published at Pittsburgh,
Pa., in its issue for Feb. 6, writes thus,
showing the utility of keeping valuable
facts before the people

miES % Replies,

many Dead Bees Found After
Being Shipped.

The Honev Almanac, published by Thos.
G. Newman, editor of the American- Bee
JouKNAi, among its many useful items
and recipes, contains the following val-
uable fact, which is not well understood
generally by fruit-growers :

It is very often the fact that fruit-grow-
ers complain of bees injuring their fruit,
when the fact of the matter is, the honey-
bees are the fruit-gi-owers' best friends.
The above-named publication puts it tbus ;
"Bees do not puncture fruit, as some as-
sert When fruit is over-ripe, or the skin
of the gi-ape bursted, the bees will some-
times appropriate the juice, greatly to then-
detriment when no honey can be gathered.
Such juices soon sour in the hives, becom-
ing unfit for food of bees tor winter, and
disease and death is the result. Many bee-
keepers also raise fruit, and their testimony
universally agrees with the statement here
made. On the other hand,bees are the best
friends of the growers of small fruits. 1 hey
fructify the flowers and cause the fruit to
mature. Were it not for the bees and
other insects which fertilize flowers, the
trees and vines would cease to bear truit,
and become worthless. In a certain town
in New England, so strong was the beliet
that bees injured fruit, that an ordinance
was passed obliging the bee-keepers to re-
move their bees to another locality. After
a year or two the fruit-growers decided to
have the bees brought back, because so
little fruit matured upon the trees.

According to history, in the early days ot
Australia, we believe, clover seed imported
into that country seemed weU adapted to
the soil and climate, and grew well, but it
would produce no seed. It was suggested
by some one that it lacked the necessary
faculties for fertUization, as there were no
bees in the country. As a test of the mat-
ter, bees were imported for the purpose,
and the result was, that the clover bore
seed.

Vritten for the American Bee Journal

Qnery 690.— Last spring- 1 shipped several
colonics to, lifferci.t ,.artics, andttey ivported
aKOO.1 iiiunv dead U-cs aiTu.iit;- tbc-m. I t;uKccl
the f rallies ftisl at tlie l.ult..iii and tup, closed
the entrances, and covered the top with new
wire-cloth. What was the mutter ?— B. K.

A Sweet Sycamore Tree.— In a
Chicago daily newspaper for Feb. 8, 1890,
the following account of a bee-tree was
published, from Galesburg,Ills. The amount
of honey which the tree contained [1,100
pounds], is a pretty good yield for one col-
ony of bees. The item reads thus :

James Collins, a farmer of this county,
while going through the timber on his
farm recently, saw bees flymg around an
immense sycamore. His son and he cut
the tree down, it proving a mere shell. As
it struck the gi-ound, it split open, revealing
a section of honey 30 feet long. Mi-. CoUms
secured 1,100 pounds of honey. He says
that the bees would have filled a big barrel,
but he had no means of hiving them.

Flax and Hemp.

Does flax or hemp yield any honey when
in bloom i W. T. Parrisotos.

Owosso, Mich., Feb. 16, 1890.

Hemp yields honey liberally ; flax is not
much visited by bees until late in the fall,
when better honey-producing plants are
scarce. The nectar is bitter and pungent.

Clubs of 5 for $4.00, to any addresses
Ten for $7.50, if all are sent at one time.

I think that you used ordinary care.
There ought to be, however, room enough
above the frames for a very free circula-
tion of bees.— EUGEXE Secok.

Perhaps the bees were too much crowded.
The wire-cloth on top should be 2 inches
above the tops of the frames, and the en-
trance also be covered with wii-e-cloth.- A.
B. Mason.

If you did not put wire over the en-
trance, I would conclude that they died in
trying to force an egress; otherwise, I do
not know.— J. M. Hamhaugh.

I should (jucss that so much wire-cloth
exposed the bees too much, and that the
jarring and shaking about, kept the bees
from clustering, and many died from cold.

— C. H. DUSBEKN.

Did you have a space of about 4 inches
between the top of frames and wire-clothj
You should have at least thatdistance; and
it you could give them 2 inches at the bot-
tom, all the better.— H. D. Cutting.

The trouble might have been, first, bung-
ling packing: second, not enough bottfnn.
ventilation ; third, too much honey ; fourth,
too little honey; fifth, too many bees; and
sixth, too much brood.— J. P. H. Brown.

In shipping bees, they requu-e top room.
Let the wire-cloth be at least 3 mches
from the frames. In shipping, I use a board
for the top, and raise it 2 inches from the
edges of the hive by cleats, and tack wire-
cloth all around.— P. L. Vi.allon.

Bees do not live forever. In the spring,
as well as at other times, many old bees die
every day. When the bees have their |
liberty they go out of the hive to die, or
are carried out and away. A few worry
themselves to death, when confined.— M.
Mahim.

A good many dead bees" is very in-
definite. I think that you will always find
quite a number ot dead bees in a hive after
shutting up a colony for some hours, and
one not accustomed to such things, might
think that something was wrong, when all
was right.— C. C. Miller.

We cannot tell unless we know the par-
ticulars—temperature, strength of colonies,
amount of brood, amount of rough treat-
ment received, etc. A number of bees die
of fatigue in trying to force their way
through the wire-cloth.— Dadaxt & Sox.

Oh gi-acious ! who can tell what the mat- 1
terwas? Perhaps lack of water; perhaps
over-heating by being placed in the sun-
shine. We could all tell if we knew all ot
the detail circumstances ; otherwise, no one
can tell with any certainty.— Jas. Heddox.

You should have left at least an inch of
space below the bottom of the frame, and 2
inches between the tops and the wire-cloth ;
the first for dead bees to fall into, and the
second for the bees to cluster in, and for free
circulation of ail-.— G. M. Doolittle.

You mention nothing about the tempera-
ture of the weather, or the distance that
you shipped the bees, or the crowded, or
otherwise, condition of the colonies. You
will have to be a little more definite, before
[ I wOl venture a guess.— Mrs. L. Harrison.

No one can tell with the limited Oata

I given. There are many reasons that might

be given, but none might be correct. The

' person who received the bees, ought to be

able to give the reason, if any one could.—

J. E. Pond.

May they not have been placed in the
sunsliiue, or covered so that they were not
properly ventilated; 1 have known like
effect from both causes. In shipping, 1 al-
ways warn in bold script, against covering
the top, or exposure to the sunshine. — A. J.
Cook.

Use the invertible hive; tack wire-cloth
on the bottom and top, and put the hive on
one end ; the bees will ship almost any dis-
tance without loss to amount to anything.
Heddon's half-cases would be good for this,
if he would consent to a bee-space at both
the top and bottom of the frames.— J. M.
Shuck.

The " matter" was, instead of tacking the
wire-cloth immediately on top of the
frames, you should have fastened a 3 or 4
inch deep super, or shallow box, to the top
of the brood-chamber, and covered the top
of this shallow box with the wire-cloth.
This would have given the excited bees
plenty of room above the tops of the
frames, and prevented the bees from crowd-
ing against the wire-cloth, and thus exclud-
ing the air and smothering a part of the
bees.— G. W. Demakee.

Your data are insufficient to enable one
to form a safe judgment. How long ■^vere
the bees confined? What was the weather
as to temperature? How strong were the
colonies* How many do you mean by a
"good many*" If the dead bees were
about a tea-cupful, they probably died from
natural causes; if a quarter more, they
were probably smothered or worried to
death by too high a temperature. It the
colonies were very strong, and the weather
warm, it would have been safer to have
provided for a circulation of air through
the hive.— R. L. Taylor.

I should say, want of bottom ventilation.
It is a strange fact that a colony of con-
fined bees cannot properly ventilate a hive
from the top. Now open up a slide m the
bottom, covering with a piece of wire-
cloth and instantly the hot air will be
forced out of the bottom, in a strong cur-
rent, that feels almost hot enough to melt
1 dowL the combs, and the more the bees are
agitated, the hotter is the current. The
above fact was learned at the. Columbus
' Centennial, where I had 2 colonies of bees.
Though often confined for days together,
they came home fully as strong as when
they left my apiary-thanks to Dr Mason
to give free bottom ventilation. They also
wintered well, though they came home late
in October.-G. L. Tinker.

A Special Clnl» Kate.

A Magazine of the choice literary charac-
ter which the Illustrated Home Jourxal
sustains, will add many pleasures to any
"family circle." Its beautiful illustrations
and interesting reading-matter will make it
heartily welcomed at every " fireside " m

the land.

We desire that every one of our readers
should secure its regular visits during the
year 1890, and in order to induce them to
do so, we will make this tempting offer:

We will Club the Americax Bee Journal
and the Illustrated Home Journal, and
mail both periodicals during the whole year
1890 for Sil.OO, if the order is received at
this office by March 31, 1890-when this
1 offer will end, the regular rate being .Sl.7o.

T-mm mmimMicmn mum jQiuRifftm.

141

HIVES.

The Advantages itT Frame Hives
Over the ISox-llive$.

Written for (lie American Bee Journal

BY G. M. DOOLITTLE.

Foi' a longtime it lias been taken for
granted that the movable-frame hive
was vastly superior to the box-hive for
the pi'oductiou of comb honey, with
but little thought being given to the
subject. If I asked a prominent bee-
keeper the question. Which is the bet-
ter, the frame hive or the box-hive, for
the production of comb honey? the an-
swer I would receive, nine times out of
ten, would be, ' ' Wliy, the frame hive,
most certainly. If this were not so,
all the writers in the different bee-
papers would not be writing about
frame hives and praising them up."

But the simple reason that writers
on bee-culture use frame hives, amounts
to but little. The thing we wish to
know is, why these writers use the
frame hive in preference to a well-
made and well-proportioned box-hive?
As I am asked nearly the same thing
by a correspondent, to give my "views
througli the columns of the Ajiekican
Bee JouRNiL," perhaps it may be in-
teresting to some to go over these
grounds with me.

Paul, the great apostle to the Gen-
tiles, told the early Christians that they
should alwaj-s be ready "to give a rea-
son of their hope ;" so any bee-keeper
should always be ready to give a valid
reason for the way he manages his
bees, or good reasons to support what-
ever he writes for publication. If any
man or woman cannot do this, they can
rest assured that there is something
wrong somewhere. So, when asked
for my reason, I questioned myself,
"Why do I use movable-frame hives in
preference to box-hives ?" As I be-
lieve that I have good reasons for so
doing, I will give them to the readers
of the Bee Journal, and let them
draw their own conclusions as to the
correctness of the same.

We are to suppose that each style of
hive is well-made, and of the same
dimensions; that the box-hive gives as
easy access to the surplus arrangement
as does the other, so that we may be
fair in our reasoning. Keeping all of
the above in our minds, we proceed.
As spring is the season when we first
begin to prepare to get the honej'crop,
I will commence with that time.

Upon the first warm days, we wish
to know if each hive has honey enough
in it to last till the flowers bloom, so

that the l)ees can secure a living. To
tliis end we wish to cxamin(i the inside
of the hive. We come to the box-
hive, take it from the bottom-ljoard,
and hold it up to the sun (driving the
bees down with smoke), to see if we
can see any sealed honey, and aftca-
inspecting all as best, we can, we have
to mostly guess at the matter, and
trust that our "guess" is right. If bars
are used at the top in connection witli
the honej'-lward, we can remove the
honey-board, and guess a little closer
than before.

With the movable-frame hive, all we
have to do is to lift out the frames, and
we knovv to a certainty just how much
honey there is in the hive. As we
work on, we soon find a colony with
little or no honey, which would starve
if not fed in a week, so we get out the
feeder, and feed them. If it keeps
warm, so that the bees can get at the
feeder, or the combs of honey we place
in the chamber of the hive, all goes
well. If it turns cold, the bees starve.
In a case like this, with a frame hive,
all we have to do is to give the starving
colony a frame of sealed honey from
the honej'-room, or fill a comb with
syrup, anil iiang it near the center of
the cluster of bees, when we knoiu that
they are all right.

Then upon an examination we find a
colony in the above condition, while
the next one has much more honey
than is needed. With the frame hive
we can exchange an empty comb for a
full one, and thus both colonies are
benefited, and we are saved all the
trouble of feeding.

A little later in the season, we wish
to know that each hive has a good,
prolific queen, so that workers may be
produced in time for the honey harvest;
and if they have not such a queen, we
procure one for them by rearing one,
or otherwise. Here we are almost en-
tirelj' baltled with the box-hive, while
we can know to a certainty about the
queen being good or poor, if we use a
frame hive; and, if poor, the matter can
be easily remedied.

At this time we also wish to get all
surplus drone-comb out of the hive, if
this has not already been done ; for if
the bees are allowed more or less
drone-comb, this will soon be filled
with drones, which, when hatched, will
consume large quantities of honey that
would otherwise be stored as surplus.
This keeping the drone-comb out of the
hive is no small item, for I have known
so much drone-comb to be built by a
colony having an old and failing
queen, that the next season the drones
produced from that comb consumed
nearly all the honey, and as fast as the
few \\-orkers reared could gather it.
With the box-hive we can do little or
nothing by way of getting rid of this

drone-coml), while with the frame hive
it is easily taken out, and worker-
coml) fitted in its place, or weaker col-
onies allowed to "patch" these with
nice, all-worker comb.

Then, I believe, that a colony of bees
can be increased much faster Ijy a
judicious spreading of the brood at the
right time, thus getting the bees ready
much quicker for an early harvest,
than they would be if left to them-
selves, or by any other means which I
know of, which thing (spreading
brood) is an utter impossibility with the
box-hive.

Again, as it approaches the honey
harvest, we find that some of the colo-
nies are extra strong, while others are
weak. This we wish to remedy by
taking bees and brood from the
stronger, and giving them to the weak.
Of course, bees can be drummed out of
the bo.x-hives, and given to others, but
how much easier it is to take a frame
of brood and bees from a frame hive,
and place it in another hive, than by
any plan that we could use were we to
adopt box-hives.

Many more reasons could be given,
but the foregoing are quite sufficient,
it seems to me, to convince any one
that the day of box-hives should have
passed away long ago ; yet we are as-
sured by those who profess to know,
that there are still more bees in box-
hives in the United States than there
are in frame hives.

Borodino, N. Y.

' FRAMES.

Whieh are Better, the Wide or
the Narrow, Frames i

Written tor the American Bee Journal
BY J. E. POND.

In the discussion of this question, it
seems to me that no attention has, as
yet, been called to the natural law
governing the matter ; that brace-
combs will be built when, needed, all
must admit ; and that they are needed
when required to hold combs in posi-
tion, is an assumption that, I think, all
will agree is correct. With narrow
frames, and wide spacing, the upper
cells will be elongated when used for
storage, and, as a matter of course,
the brace-combs will be built, as they
always are. Whj', no one as yet can
saj' positively.

But to come straight to the point,
what is the natural law ? That bees
seal up brood in cells ouly 7-16 of an
inch deep, and that thej' build comb
for brood-comb onl}* | of an inch thick,
has been proved time and time again.
The late, lamented Quinljy, when ex-
perimenting with tin for cells, made
them one inch thick, but found that

142

itrnm MMBMicnEf mmm j&ismmmEe.

brood was always sealed up iu such
combs, by placing the cappings within
the cells, instead of on the outer face,
as is done with wax. Cells used for
storage will be built as deep as room
is given ; I myself have had them
drawn out 6 inches in depth.

Starting with the above premise,
what is the natural conclusion ? I
have found it to be just that conclusion
in theory that experiment proves a
fact in practice, viz : with frames f of
an inch wide, spaced just bee-space
apart, the bees will fill all the cells
from top to bottom with brood, pro-
vided deeper cells, or wider spacing,
is used in the storage chamber. This
is not guess-work or theory.

In experiments covering a term of
years. I have found the same results,
and without variation, in every in-
stance. Such being the fact, what
follows ? In answer, I will say, that
the brood is invariablj- reared in the
brood-chamber — the surplus is stored,
and at once, where it should be, and
no brace-combs are built ; and not
only this, but the rearing of drones is
kept well in hand, excess of swarming
is easily prevented, and, in fact, the
whole matter of bee-keeping work is
reduced to a minimum, all that is re-
quired being to start with sheets of
comb just ^ of an inch thick, and so
spaced that they cannot be built any
deeper.

I trust that I have made myself un-
derstood ; I know that if the plan in-
dicated is followed, bee-keeping will
not only be found an easier pursuit,
but speedy progress will be made from
now on.

North Attleboro, Mass.

PRIZE ESSAY.

Extracted Honey — Its Produc-
tion and Importance.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY S. A. SHUCK.

Mr. A. I. Root, of Medina, O., says :
" In 1867, from 20 colonies I took "the
first thousand pounds of honey ever
taken with an extractor, and inci'eased
to 35 colonics. In 1869, I extracted
6,162 pounds of honey from 48 colo-
nies, and sold the iiroduct at 25 cents
per pound."

It is now just 20 years since this
" Xovice " opened up the way to the
successful management of an apiary
for extracted honey ; yet he further
states that there are now over 10,000
of the original all-metal honey-extrac-
tors in use.

In consideration of the facts that
honey-extractors are manufactured by
several firms, and that these machines

are in use, not only in every State and
Province in the United States and
Canada, but in nearly ever}' civilized
nation on the globe, we can justly con-
clude that this business is of no mean
proportions, and its development lias
been wonderful indeed.

The annual yield of honey in the
United States has been estimated at
200,000,000 pounds, or more, and it is
believed that two-thirds of this was
taken with the extractor. So great
has been the yield in favorable sea-
sons, that in some localities the price
was reduced to almost nothing.

The wholesale adulteration of ex-
tracted honey with glucose and cheap
syrups, by unscrupulous dealers, had
much to do in reducing the price be-
low actual cost. However, these low
prices put an end to adulteration — at
least for a time. This, with an in-
creased effort on the part of hee-keep-
ers to maintain the puritj' of extracted
honey, and to prove its supei-iority over
sugar and syrups as a food element,
has placed the business in a more pros-
perous condition, and the prices re-
lized to-day are reasonably remunera-
tive.

MANAGEMENT FOR EXTRACTED HONEY.

The management of an apiary in a
good season for extracted honey, bj'
one who is enthusiastic in his business
efforts, is a matter of no small interest.
The incessant efibrt on the part of the
bees, as they hurry to and fro from the
hive in their endless search of every
nook and cranny of street, and lane,
and field,' and forest, lest a single drop
of the golden nectar, vouchsafed by an
all-wise Creator, be allowed to go to
waste ; and the rapidity with wliich
the combs are filled, and refilled, as
the apiarist empties and returns them
to the hive, are matters that interest
and excite the admiration of any and
all persons who have a love for the
works of Nature.

The bee-keeper who is well equipped
for the management of an apiary for
extracted honey, has a good supply of
surplus combs. All combs used iu the
management of an apiary on modern
principles, are built in light frames.
These frames are either square or ob-
long, owing to the fancy of the bee-
keeper, and are suspended in a plain
box, each box containing from six to
a dozen, or more, of these frames, the
number being governed mostly by the
box or hive.

The combs are a little less than an
inch iu thickness, and are spaced
about li inches from center to center
in tlie hive. This enables the bees to
pass and re-pass between the combs.

When the honey season comes on,
which, in Ihe latitude of Chicago, is
about the first of June, the bee-keeper

places two or more of these boxes to-
gether, one above the other. The bees
gather the nectar from the fiowers and
place it in the combs. This nectar,
when first taken from the flowers, is
very thin and watery, but owing to the
great number of bees in a hive, the
temperature is kept up to a sufficient
degree to keep up evaporation, and by
persistent effort on the part of the Ijees
in ventilating the hive day and night,
the water is evaporated from tliis nec-
tar, and it becomes honej-. Then the
bees seal it up in the combs, and they
are readj- to be taken from the hives,
and the honey extracted from them.

In some localities, such as Southern
California, Florida and some other .
Southern States, many bee-keepers ex-
tract the honey from the combs before
the bees seal it up. In this case, the
honey is placed in lai-ge vessels and
evaporated, or ripened, by the heat of
the sun, or run through an evaporating
apparatus somewhat similar to that
used in reducing cane-juice to syrups.

THE HONEY-EXTRACTOR AND ITS USE.

The machine used for taking the
hone}- from the combs is called an
"extractor," and consists of a large
can with a revolving rack in it. This
rack is constructed so as to hold tvpo
or moi'e of the honey-combs in a verti-
cal position. When the combs have
been capped or sealed over by the
bees, the cappings are removed with
a sharp knife ; the combs are then
placed in the revolving rack in the ex-
tractor-can. By means of a simple
crank, or small gearmg, the rack is
set in motion, and turned with suffi-
cient velocity to throw the honey from
the outer side of the combs, by what
is known as centrifugal force. The
combs are reversed, and the same pro-
cess frees the honey from the opposite
side.

The honey thus thrown from the
combs strikes against the sides of the
can, and runs to the bottom, to be
drawn out by a faucet. This is called
"extracting," and, in consequence, the
honey is called " extracted honey."

The honey is drawn from the ex-
tractor and placed in open vessels,
usually large barrels, and allowed to
stand until the small particles of comb
that were dislodged by the uneapping-
knife, rise to the surface. After re-
moving these bits of comb, the honey
is placed in vessels suitable for market-
ing, and secured against dust and in-
sects. Honey in this condition, with
few exceptions, will granulate as soon
as the weather becomes cool ; and
when the weather becomes cold and
freezing, it becomes quite hard. It
can be reduced to a liquid state by
heating slowly, but it should not be
allowed to boil, as it becomes dark in

IfH® miMMMlCMn WMM JO-URlMRIr.

143

appearance, and the flavor is injured
to a greater or less degree, if made
too hot.

THE QUALITY OF EXTRACTED HONEY.

Its quality depends both upon the
souree from which it is obtained, and
the care it receives after it is taken
from the hive.

There are as manj' different kinds
of hone}' as there are dift'ereut kinds
of plants, shrubs and trees that yield
nectar ; but the honey from several
plants and trees are veryuiiuch alike
in appearance, yet it differs distinctly
in liavor ; each individual class of
plants producing, peculiarly to itself,
that indescribable quality, aroma, the
delicacies of which are as subtile to the
taste as the most delicate tints in tlie
myriads of flowers from which the
nectar was obtained, are to the human
eye.

CAEINft FOR EXTRACTED HONEY.

Whatever may have been the source
from which the honej' was obtained, if
it is not proioerl}' cared for, it will soon
deteriorate. The first thing of para-
mount importance in this direction, is
to have it thoroughly ripened ; that is,
to have it reduced from the thin, watery
condition, from which it was taken
from the flowers, to a consistency re-
quired by the bees before they will
seal it up in their combs. To do this
with unerring certainty, and retain all
the delicacies in flavor that Nature has
bestowed upon it, it should be left with
the bees until they have completed
their work upon it. It is then ready
to be extracted, and this should be
done as soon as the combs are taken
from the hives, as the labor of uncap-
ping and extracting is much lighter
while the combs retain the heat of the
hive ; and there can be no improve-
ment made in the honey by allowing
it to cool in the combs.

As soon as possible after extracting,
the honey should be put into clean,
tight vessels, and stored in a dry, warm
room. Under these conditions it will
retain all its good qualities for many
years, and can be marketed at any
time.

MARKETING EXTRACTED HONEY.

The kind of vessels best adapted to
the marketing of extracted honey, de-
pends very much upon the trade to be
supplied. If for manufacturing pur-
poses, where considerable quantities
are used, barrels holding from 300
pounds to 500 pounds would, probably,
be the best. For a retail trade in cities
and towns, small vessels, holding from
one pound to twenty-five povmds, are
most convenient. Square tin cans,
holding about 60 pounds each, and
crated one and two in a crate, are very
conveaient for marketing, and in

many instances are preferable to llii^
large barrels, as they are so much
more easily handled.

The bcc-k(^cper who supplies a coun-
try trade should be prepared to supply
any quantity, from one pound to lioO
pounds.

USES OF EXTRACTED HONEY.

As a food element it has no equal in
the whole list of sweets, and its uses
arc very many. Children can eat it
without stint, and are not troubled
with sour stomachs, or bowel disorders
so common among children that are
fed lavishly upon candies and sugar.
It can be substituted for sugar in nearly
everything about the kitchen.

As a preservtrtion of fruits, it is
superior to sugar. Many dyspeptics,
who dare not eat sugar, eat honey, and
are benefited by it. Lung and throat
aflections are mitigated, and many are
cured by the continued use of honey.

It is used in curing meats and flavor-
ing tobacco. Druggists and doctors
use it in compounding medicines ; and
in the manufacture of wines and other
beverages, where sweetening is re-
quired, it is excelfent.

In consideration of the fact that ex-
tracted honey is healthier than sugar
or syrups, it should be used in every
household, in preference to them.
Nice, white, extracted honey is as
cheap to-day, as the best grades of
sugar ; and recent developments in
apiculture, together with the almost
unlimited tield for production, warrant
the conclusion that this business is
capable of being increased many fold.

The are hundreds of thousands of
bee-keepers in the United States, and
millions of pounds of hone}' are pro-
duced annually, yet no one is robbed
of a farthing's worth of his earthly
possessions, and the soil is not impov-
erished ; but,

To our Nation's wealth

Are added, day by day,
Millions, with better health,

That otherwise would stay
In the bosom of earth,

Or waste on desert air,
But for the bee's great worth,

Its keeper and his care.

Liverpool, Ills.

ASSOCIATION.

Duties of llie Members of Bee-
I4.ee|»ers' Societies.

Read at the Colorado State Convention

BY V. DEVINNEY.

The formation of clubs, unions, and
associations for certain purposes, and
with special ol)jects in view, is the out-
growth of a well-enlightened state of
civilized societj' ; for barbarous man
needs but little, and his wants are but

few, his own Iiamls ofti'U suiiplying all
his demands; but enlightened man, on
the contrary, with unlindled wants,
cannot attain them without the co-
operation and assistance of others.
Hence, as population multiplies, there-
by necessarily increasing the business
of the nation, as a result a.ssociations
spring up in every department of trade
and avocation.

The obvious purpose of these asso-
ciations is to promote the welfare or
pleasure of their members. That many
of them fail in attaining these hoped-
for results, is unquestioned ; that a so-
ciety, whose individual members are to
be mutually benefitted by association,
should weaken and perish, is wonder-
ful to contemplate. There is an ex-
planation and a cause, no doubt, for
this, which we, the State Bee-Keepers'
Association, should ascertain, and, if
pcssible, remedy while we, as a soci-
ety, are still vigorous and powerful.

It may be well to here inquire what
are the requirements of the individual
members of a society. As man is an
intelligent nwaral being, imbued with a
feeling of benevolence, he is morally
obligated by all the attributes of his
better nature, to assist in the work of
the society, and also to build it up. If
he does not do this, he stultifies him-
self and violates an unspoken, but
nevertheless an implied, obligation to
be a worthy and helpful member.
Thus it often is, that a society accom-
plishes little, or nothing, owing to the
failure of each individual to do his
duty, and perform his part of the work;
for when nothing is done, nothing is
gained. A hive without workers gathers
no honey; a choir whose members sing
not, makes no music.

How, then, can a bee-keepers' asso-
ciation, or, I may saj', any other asso-
ciation, be useful, grow strong and
powerful, if its members take little or
no interest in the society, and do but
a small share, or no share at all, of the
society's work? A society in this con-
dition will accomplish nothing, but
will foster disappointment, discontent,
and end in dissolution. Such a sad re-
sult is not presumed, nor contemplated
in organizing a society ; but it is too
conmion a result, I am sorry to say,
to be contradicted.

The symptoms of such a result ai'e
manifested in various ways — in a scant
attendance at the meetings of the soci-
ety; a want of zeal and interest in the
discussions and work of the meetings;
a backwardness in aiding the develop-
ment of the society's work; a failure to
respond to the orders of the society for
essays; and suggestions in kind and in
quality to correspond to the needs of
the society, — these and many other de-
linquencies stand before us like
"accusing spirits," seeking from us

144

tmm mMimmiGmm mmm jQumnmi^.

words of explanation for actions so
>trange.

A member once said, "I did not at-
tend tlie meeting, because I thought
there would be nothing of importance
done." Others have also expressed to
me similar views. Now this man, we
infer, thought he had nothing to do
but to rest anil play while the others
worked; but it is possible that each one
of the others thought as he did ; then
who was to do the work of the sooiet}-,
and crown it with honor and glory ?
A society in some respects is like a
carriage-wheel — the members are its
spokes, the hub is the foundation, or
interests of the society, upon which
the members plant themselves; the fel-
lies are the band, or bond— the rules,
and laws which bind us all together.
Each has a part to perform ; none can
<ay to the other, "Work, while I rest."

Xow let us ascertain what are the
duties of a member of the bee-keepers'
association. In every condition of life,
from the cradle to the grave — in the
family, in school, at plaj-, on parade,
and in all united efforts of men and
women, — each and all without excep-
tion, have a duty to do — a work to
perform, and we can no more release
ourselves from the obligations which
these or other conditions impose upon
us, than we can release ourselves from
the obligation to live honest and virtu-
ous lives. They who fail to reciprocate
with their comrades, and shun the
duties which association imposes, are.
to say the least, moral delinquents.

The veiy idea of association is an
acknowledgment of our individual
weakness and need of help. Thus we
are appealed to by the most tender
and sacred feelings of the heart, to of-
fer our counsel, caution or instruction
to our comrades in life's great struggle
for existence, comfort and happiness.
If tliis is not true, then association is a
mockery and fellowship a farce, and
membership a joke, pledges a jest, and
obligations perishable toys.

Life itself is not a joke, nor a toy,
nor can any division of it by any logi-
cal conclusion be so considered. Life is
measured out to us in days and years,
as so much cloth to be worn, returned,
and accounted for in strict solemnity.
We, the bee-keepers of Colorado, are
not a set of merrj-makers ; nor do we
consider our proceedings jocular, nor
o ir sessions funny. Yet it seems com-
ical that the important labor of the
State Bee-Keepers' Association is limi-
ted to a one day's session, and the
designated topics to be considered but
six, and these oftered by but six mem-
bers of the society !

Whether this is a creditable exhibit of
the utility and work of the Association,
it is not my purpose to say ; but I do
feel impelled to saj- that a better at-

tendance at our meetings, and a more
extended programme, would be but
the fultillment of our obligations and
duties as members of the State Bee-
Keepers' Association. Nor do I con-
sider that that would suffice. More,
even, is required.

A sort of special friendship should be
cultivated between each other, based
upon a mutuality of interests and upon
a unity of occupation. We should visit
each other at our homes, investigate
each other's work in the apiary, com-
pare plans or methods of work, and
take items of each other. We should
take a special interest in each other,
for our interests flow together. A love
of more frequent association should
grow up among us. "• A spirit of good-
will and neighborlj' kindness should
exist between us; and, above all, a
spirit of justice and wisdom should
guide us in the disposition of our pro-
ducts, to the end that an injurious and
ruinous rivahy shall not overload the
market with honey, below the cost of
production.

These are but a few of the sugges-
tions and admonitions which I might
point out as assumed obligations en-
tered into by the members of the State
Bee-Keepers' Association ; but enough
has been cited to induce thought, guide
us in our undertaking, — that is, to make
the State Bee-Keepers' Association of
Colorado one of the most important
and useful of the industrial associations
of this our great "Centennial State."

Denver, Colo.

BEE-ITEMS.

An Iiitcrc<itiiig Apieiiltural Let-
ter and Its Reply.

[The following letter, written by
Mr. M. M. Baldridge, of St. Charles,
Ills., to Dr. C. C. Miller, is considered
of sufficient value to merit publication
in the Ajiekican Bee Journal ; and
the replj' thereto, by Dr. Miller, of
Marengo, Ills., will be found to be no
less important and profitable : — Ed.]

Friend Miller : — I have kept so
quiet, and for such a long time, that
perhaps you maj' think I am dead, but
such is not the case. Let me briefly
say that I went to Wisconsin in April,
1889, and bought a small apiary of 50
colonies in one-stoiy hives, as a start.

MOVING BEES ON A WAGON.

I bought the bees in Vernon county.
Wis., and then moved them by wagon
some 25 miles, close to Richland Center,
in Richland county — only about a mile
north of the city.

I used a hay-rack to move the bees,
and moved them at two loads, but

ought to have moved them at one
lo.ad. It was very hot weather — being
that hot period in early May. I lost
none, however ; and only a few combs
(less than a dozen) were broken down.
I never use any haj' or straw on a
rack, nor springs under it, when mov-
ing bees, as it is unnecessary ; but I
use boards above the cross-pieces so as
to have a level floor ; stakes and boards
on each side to keep the hives in place,
and I prefer to have the combs run
from side to side of the rack.

I closed the season up there in the
latter part of July with 105 colonies,
and about two tons of honey (chiefly
extracted), which was not more than
half a crop. Being mj- first season, I
had a deal to do, and did not have
things ready to catch the honey-flow,
but I will try to be ready another
year.

For divers reasons, not necessary to
mention here, I reduced the apiary in
October to 82 colonies, which is now
in winter quarters up tliere. The bees
were put into a cave (built by myself)
on Nov. 6, and I left there for my
home here on Nov. 9.

The bees were moved to the bee-
cave, the distance of about a mile, on
a hay-rack, at three loads, but I could
have moved them readily and easil}-
at two loads, had it been necessary.
They were put into the cave the same
day, and without being permitted to
fly. Three years ago I moved some
35 hives of bees four miles on Nov. 23,
and wintered them in my house-cellar,
without giving the bees a chance to
fly, and they came out in the spring
in fine condition. I could not see but
they wintered as well as though thej'
had been given a chance to fly after
getting them home.

You will notice that my bees in Wis-
consin were put into winter quarters
much eax'lier than was recommended
by the members of the last Northwest-
ern Bee-Convention, held in Chicago —
Nov. 25, I think was the date that they
fixed upon. My bees here at home (24
colonies) I put into my house-cellar
this year on Nov. 13, and a j'ear ago,
on election daj'. Had my bee-cave in
Wisconsin been I'eadj-, I should have
put my bees therein early in October,
as I see no good reason for leaving
them out-doors any later, having got
through breeding in September. The
percentage of bees that flj' out of the
hives in October and November, when
there is no honey to gather, is very
small, according to my observation,
and such as do fly are perhaps so old
and worthless as to be of little value,
anyway, and they might as well die in
the repository, if it be simply for the
want of a flight.

I produced only some 300 pounds of
honej' in one-pound sections last j^ear.

rtmm mmekickk mmm journhiil.

145

but, in the future, I propose to make a
si)et'ialty of comb honey. This lioney
I sent home, and have sold the same to
consumers for about 20 cents per
pound. The sections were only H
inches wide, and being only 41x41,
they would weigh, when well tilled,
only 12 to 14 ounces each. I used no
separators, for I do not tind it neces-
sary when the sections are of that
width, or 1§ inches.

The proper way to sell houey,
whether in the comb or liquid, is b}'
weight ; but I did not sell mine that
way, as it was not convenient to do so.
I simply- sold six sections, when well
filled, for *1.00 ; but when a less
numl er was taken, for 20 cents each.
I solil direct to consumers. "Store
honey," not so nice and white as mine,
was being sold at the same time for 15
to 18 cents ; but I always find plenty
of people willing to paj' a fancy price
for a gilt-edged article of honey, or
anything else.

COMB FOUNDATION IN THE SECTIONS.

I did not use comb foundation the
full size of the sections, as many do, but
simply small V-shaped starters, only an
inch on each side. Some of ray bee-
friends use strips of thin foundation in
sections only an inch wide, and the)'
secured last year some of the largest
j'iekls of comb hone}' that have been
rep<n'ted. One of these parties lives
in Wisconsin, in Chippewa county,
and he reports to me a yield of 6,500
pounds of comb honej' in one-pound
sections, from 53 colonies, spring
count.

Another lives in uorthwestei'u Mis-
souri, and he reports a yield of 5,800
pounds of comb honey in oue-pound
sections, from 30 colonies, spring
co\mt. I have some very good reasons
for my belief, when I assert that it is
not economy, nor advisable, to use
comb foundation, thick or thin, the full
size in sections. What have you to
saj' to this ?

COMB HONEY IN T-SUPERS.

I am still using the T-super, but I
must say that I am getting ilisgusted
with it ; and why ? Because the bees
daub, or soil, the outside of the sections
too much, and squirt too much bee-
glue into the openings. This can be
avoided somewhat by using an extra
set of T-tins on top of each set of sec-
tions, but this is an expense that
should in some way be saved.

It is a big job to clean the outside
of sections properly when the crop of
honey is a large one. In the future I
must use a super that will enable me
to secure my crop of comb honey in
sections nearly as clean, on the outside,
as when first put on. What have you
to say in reply to this ?

FUMIGATING COMB HONEY.

I notice in the bee-papers that you
yet go to the trouble and expense each
year, of fumigating your comb lioney
in the sections to destroy the moth-
worm. This may be necessary in
your case, but not in miue. It seems
to me that your fears are more imagi-
nary than otherwise.

MIGRATOKY BEE-KEEPING.

I notice that Byron Walker, of
Michigan, is imljued with the idea that
he can make tlve traveling-apiary en-
terprise 211(1/. Perhaps he can, but he
must do better than he did the past
year. It seems that he bought 100
colonies of bees to start with, in Ten-
nessee last spring, and, in course of
time, went with them by rail to south-
western Wisconsin, thereby incurring
an expense, all told, of some $700, up
to the close of the honey season.

He reports how much honey he se-
cured both in Tennessee and Wiscon-
sin, but the total is by no means as
much as he would, or should, have
secured in Wisconsin alone, had he
bought as many colonies up there at
the same date, and invested the same
amount of monej'. Nor did he close
the season with an apiary as large as
if bought in Wisconsin. This being
the case, his enterprise thus far has
been a failure — so far as demonstrating
that a traveling apiary will paj".

Mr. Walker now proposes to take
his apiary down South, somewhere,
and perhaps has gone with it long
ago. His idea, or programme, is to
come up the Mississippi river by boat,
and to start in time to catch the
honej'-flow all along the route to Wis-
consin. When he has "gone through
the mill," as I and some others have,
he will find that catching honey-flows
all along the Mississippi river, is (luite
imaginative and unprofitable.

What the past has taught me is this :
That it will pit//, or can be made to
pay, to travel with an apiary from
South to North, or vice versa, but that
it will not pay to make more than one
move from South to North, or back
again — not even when the southern
point is in the latitude of New Or-
leans, and the northei'n one as far up
as Wisconsin. The reason why is,
that there is then barely sufficient time
to leave one honey-harvest, and reach
the other, with colonies that have re-
gained the loss in bees and brood in-
cident to the journey.

May is a good honey month near
New Orleans, and yet it, is absolutelj'
necessary to leave thei'e with bees,
even when transported by rail, early
in Maj', so as to give the bees sufficient
time to recruit to be in proper strength
to gather the crop of white honey —
from clover and basswood — in Illinois

or Wisconsin, in June and July. The
one move also saves labor and expense.
It takes too long a time to move an
apiarj' from South to North by water
— two to five days is time enough to
lose in making the trip, and this can
only be .secured by rail. Bees can
then be moved in safety in case an
open stock-car be used, when the bees
ar(! properlj' prepared for the journey,
and properly arranged in the ear.

The Oatraan Brothers inform me
that they have reccntl)' sold their en-
tire interest in the bee-busine.ss, and
simply because thej' have no time, any
longer, to give attention to it, they be-
ing directly and indirectly interested
in farming, and the management of
some 15 to 20 cheese and butter fac-
tories. No one, perhaps, in the State
of Illinois, has had greater success in
the bee-business, for a term of years,
than the Oatman Brothers, and it is to
be regretted by bee-keepers that they
are compelled to leave our ranks for
the reason given.

Very truly yours,

M. M. Baldridge.

[Dr. Miller's interesting reply to the
foregoing letter, is as follows : — Eu.]

Friend Baldridge : — In hauling
bees on the wagon, I have always
placed them as you have, so as " to
have the combs run from side to side,"
or across the wagon, and I have been
inclined to maintain that it was the
only correct way, but others think dif-
ferently', and in this I think it will be
found that "circumstances alter cases."

On roads as level and smooth as
they usually are with me, there is vei'y
little jolting, and the jarring is mostly
from side to side, and placing the
combs across the wagon is certainly
the right way to have the least dam-
age when the wagon shakes from side
to side. W^hen going up or down very
steep bills, however, it may be best to
have the combs run from front to rear,
and the same may be said about jolt-
ing down off a bridge, where there is
a fall of several inches. I think that
in some of the hilly places in California,
the hives are placed so that the frames
run from front to rear.

The question is sometimes asked
whether bees can be safely put into the
cellar without a flight after being
hauled, and I have never dared to fol-
low your example, but always let my
bees have a flight after hauling in the
fall, before putting into the cellar. It
is reasonable to suppose that the ex-
citement of hauling makes the bees
cram themselves so that a flight will
be a benefit ; but facts are stubborn
things, and your success may encour-
age those who find it quite inconveu-
ient to give a flight after hauling. I
always supposed that jarring hives in

146

Tmm m-mm:mi€:mM mmm jQ-'PKifMEr.

winter confinemeut was injurious, and
I still think so, but I must confess that
some of ni}' colonies, which have been
subjected to a good deal of kicking
throughout the winter, have not shown
that the}- were particularly injured by
it. Still, unless verj' inconvenignt to
do so, I think that I should alwaj'S let
my bees tly after hauling.

PUTTING BEES INTO THE CELLAR.

•

1 think thi'.t you are a little in error
about the time fixed upon by the Chi-
cago convention as the best time to
put bees into cellars. Some of them
said Nov. 25. but I am sure that some
placed the date much earlier — some in
October. The tendency now-a-days is,
I think, toward earlier cellaring.

I am looking to see a report from
those who have put in bees too early.
I do not mean by this, that I think
many, if indeed any, are taking too
early a date, but I am quite sure that
bees have heretofore been put in too
late, by a large number, and I would
like to know just how earlj' is "too
early." I hardly think that I shall ever
want bees out of the cellar hereafter
in November at all, if they are not
wintered oiit-doors.

SEPARATORS — STARTERS IN SECTIONS.

Although yon iieeded no separators
with sections IJ inches wide, you may
not succeed so Avell at another time.
If honey is coming in very slowlj', I
feel pretty sure that you would have
some sections bulge out badly. ..

You seem to reason that the small,
V-shaped starter, measuring one inch
on each side, gave a large yield per
colony, although 1 hardly think that
you meant to carry that view. I very
much doubt that the small starters in-
creased the yield of honey. If you
had told us that half the colonies in an
apiary liad small starters, the other
half full starters, and tliat those with
small starters did best, it would have
been some evidence in favor of small
starters. I suspect that in the cases
mentioned, there would not have been
a verj- great difference. There was a
heavj' flow of honey ; with a light flow
of honey, there might have been a dif-
ference in favoi- of full starter^ Still,
there are fewihings established beyond
doubt, and if it can be proven that
more honey can be gotten with smaller
starters, it will be a gain.

A set of T tins on top of the sections
will prevent the bees from getting be-
tween the sections at the* top, biit it
will make a line of glue at the edge
of the T tin, the same as at the bot-
tom. Last year I got , for my supers,
to put in place of T tins on. top, pieces
of wood separator as long as the T
tins, and ] inch wide. This jviH leave
some glue at the upper corners of the

sections, but that is not so bad as
having a line half an inch from the
corner on the top.

I should be glad to do without brim-
stoning my honey, and I did not do so
the last time till forced to it by seeing
the little worms in the sections, and
under such circumstances I think that
you would brimstone.

We all look on with interest to see
what will be the outcome of the mi-
gratorj' business. C. C. Miller.

NOT FOR FUN.

Keeping Bees for Profit and
Pleasure."

Written, fm- the Prairie Farmer

BY MRS. L. HARRISON.

" Good morning, Mrs. Harrison. I
called to talk about bees, and ask your
advice whether I had better work them
for comb or extracted hone}-. Is it
true that bees will store double the
amount of .extracted honey, that they
will of comb, during the same time ?
I do not want to keep bees for the fun
of it, but for the money there is in
tiiem."

I replied that it is best, as a general
thing, to produce both kinds, and be
governed by what your market de-
mands ; and another thing — some pre-
fer handling comb honey to extracted,
and vice I'ersa. The Dadants work
their apiaries for extracted only, and
find a market for tons of it, as their
brand of honey is well known, and
has gained a reputation for purity
and excellence.

Peoria is not a good market for ex-
tracted honey, as it received its death-
bl'ow yeai's ago, in the sale of a spuri-
ous article ; but it is now being resur-
rected slowlj'. I think that a good
market might be built up here in a
peddling way, by responsible parties ;
but many times it becomes an "old
settler." This winter! put some ex-
tra-nice white extracted honey in bell-
glasses, in a flrst-class grocery, and it
is there now, as white as lard and as
hard. I sell almost all I produce,
from the honey-house, to parties who
know that I have a reputation to sus-
tain, and could not aftbrd to sell a
spurious article.

A man came here recently for some
honey for his bab}-, saying, " I did not
want any of that stuff in the stores."
That "stuli in the stores" is all right,
for honey is too cheap to pay any one
to adulterate- it, and I do not believe
that I could find any that is adulter-
ated, in this -market.

TJiere are seasons when quite a
quantity of extracted honey can be
produced, when, if comb honey was

the product sought, there would be a
complete failure. The reason is this :
Occasionally there will be a day or so
when bees will work with a rush, and
store nearly every cell, followed by an
interim of days, and even weeks, when
they will barely make a living. At
the time of the blooming of the bass-
wood in 1888, the bees had not a cell
of honey, only brood. The flow from
that source lasted only a daj- or two,
passing like a cyclone, but leaving the
cells all glistening with nectar. There;
was not time for the bees to build
comb, as it occurred so suddenly, and
the bees had been living on such slen-
der rations that they were lean — not
fat with wax, as is the case when
honey has been coming in freely for •
some time.

The day that the flow of honey from
basswood ceased, I vvas completely out
of honey, having sold, that morning,
the last ounce the honey-house con-
tained. So I opened some hives, and
removing the outside frames that were
free from brood, took them to the ex-
tractor, and threw out the hone}-, hav-
ing no uncapping to do. I put this
new honey in the liot sun, and it
quickly thickened and ripened, so I
could supply my customers right along.

By the way, a producer should never
be out of honey ; let his customers be-
lieve that he, at least, is always able to
supply their wants, and he in time will
have no lack of customers ; they will
hunt him, in lieu of his hunting them.

It is well, during a continuous flow
of honey, especially of clover or bass-
wood, to secure all the choice white
comb possible. During a continuous
flow, I have had comb built, that was
so very tender and delicate as to be
almost imperceptible. I always let all
colonies that are building comb during
a flow, continue to do so, and never
interfere with them in any way, only
seeing that they have storage-room.
Where I get extracted honey, is from
colonies not building comb, and will
not be ready to commence until the
close of the flow. Where a colony has
swarmed, and has been queenless for
some time, their combs will be found
to be solid with Iioney. These 1 ex-
tract and exchange for others contain-
ing larva;, and both are benefited. I
always have considered that my ex-
tracted honey cost me the most work
and ought to bring as much per pound
as comb honey, although most bee-
keepers think differently, and sell it at
wholesale in barrels, cheaply.

All comb honey that finds a ready
sale in a city market; must he in one-
pound sections, and both honey and
wood must- be of the whitest. The
propolis must all be scraj^ed from the
se'ctions, and then packed in new
crates, with glass in one or both sides.

TM® rnvmrnmicmf^ mmm j&xsmMmiu.

147

*-^ft^^i*ri*-

^ ir- ^ <n (k :m »

Those sections that are perfect in every
respect, and very white, should be
graded as " No. 1 ;" those as perfect,
but not so light, as " No. 2 ;" and dark
honey as "No. 3." All houey that is
not perfectly sealed, should be sold in
a home market, as knocking around in
transit will not improve its appear-
ance.

I do not think, as a rule, that double
the amount of extracted honey can be
obtained over comb honey. In some
instances, perhaps, there may ; but I
am a " doubting Thomas."

Peoria, Ills.

GOLDEN-ROD

CoiiiKidered as a Honey-Plaiit-
Sliidyiiig Honey Flora.

Written for the American Bee Journal

By EDWARD TARE.

I was interested in reading what E.
W. Councilman sa^-s on page 71, About
golden-rod and white asters producing
honey. I have kept bees here for
nearly 20 years, and I do not think
that my bees have ever obtained a sin-
gle ounce of honey from golden-rod,
while some bee-keepers here call all
yellow fall honey " golden-rod honey."
I have yet to see the first honey-bee at
woi'k on golden-i'od in this county,
although in the west part of this State
I have seen them working lively on it.

Some eight or ten years ago, there
was a heavy forest fire near here. The
next year the purple fire-weed {Epilo-
biuni Aiigustifoliuvi) came up all over
the burnt territory, and the bees gath-
ered large quantities of splendid white
honey therefrom, for three years. The
third year all of the low swales and
swamps came up to seleudine, from
which, in the fall, the bees gathered
lots of a heavy, thick, rank yellow
honey. Some of the small bee-ke&pers
called that honey "golden-rod," and
one told me that he knew that it was
all gathered from pumpkin blossoms !

The next year the fire-weed began
to die out, and the selendiue soon" fol-
lowed, and all of the drier parts of the
burnt tract was covered with a weed
called here, "poverty-weed," which I
suppose must be the same plant that
Mr. Councilman calls " white daisy."
Now, while I have noticed the same
plant In the western part of the State,
•observant bee-keepers there tell me
that their bees do not work on it at
all, while her^ they gather "large
quantities of a lemon-colored honey
from it, but not as good as the golden-
rod honej'. '

Now, as I understand it, there are
many varieties of golden-rod, some of

which (and p(M-liaps all of them) in
some localities yield honey in souk;
years. Since I began keeping bees
liere, I have seen more than 100 per-
sons go out of the business disgusted,
and I will venlure to say that at least
90 per cent, of thetti, never went a
single mile to ascertain from what
source their bees were getting honey.
It seems to me that to understand the
flora of our vicinity, is one of the first
essentials of successful bee-keeping. I
began keeping bees at first to get a
little honey for family use, and after-
wards I kept them for the profit of the
business, and I have been successful.
Castle Hill, Maine..

NORTH CAROLINA.

Organization of the Carolina
Bee-Association.

A number interested in apiculture
met on Feb. lo, 1890, at the Chamber
of Commerce, for the purpose of or-
ganizing a bee-keepers' association.

A. L. Beach called the meeting to
order, and prayer was oflered by B. C.
Griffin.

Temporary organization was effected
by calling Mr. E. W. Lyles to the chair,
and making Mr. N. P. Lyles secretary.

In taking the chair, Mr. Lyles stated
that the object of the jji'oposed associa-
tion was to encourage apiculture ; that
bee-keeping is neglected, and that, with
proper attention, it would become one
of the arts and industries of this sec-
tion of the country. He spoke of the
importance of organization, and of
meeting together for the information
of each other ; that apiculture is a
pleasant and profitable occupation, and
the object of the association was to
make it more profitable.

The meeting then proceeds to ascer-
tain who would become membei's of
the proposed associtaion, and 20 names
were enrolled.

A permanent organization was ef-
fected by the election of the following
officers : President, A. L. Beach, of
Pineville ; 1st Vice-President, C. E.
Bost, of Davidson College ; 2nd Vice-
President, S. L. Klutts, of Clear Creek;
Secretary, N. P. Lyles, of Derita ;
Treasurer, E. W. LyieSi of Charlotte.

It was. decided that the association
is to be known as "The Carolina Bee-
Keepers' Association." A Constitution
and By-Laws, similar to those govern-
ing similar organizations, wei'e
adopted.

At the afternoon session, subjects of
interest wei\e discussed. ,

The convention adjourned to meet
in Charlotte on the third Thursday
forenoon in March, 1890.

PASTURAGE.

Select I'lantN for Other Uses a»
Well lis Honey.

Written for fhe Wisconsin Agriculturist

BY S. W. CHAMBERS.

The idea of planting for hone^- has
been gaining ground in this country,
and quit(! a nuniberof bee-keepers nyw
sow Alsike clover, buckwheat, sweet
clover, and Chaiiman hone3-plant for
their bees. Even the Government has
taken up the question, and sent out a
great many pounds of seeds of hone)'-
plants, and the inference is that bee-
keepers will plant for honey in the
future more than they have in the
past.

But planting for honey alone will
not pay, in my estimation, but when
the clover or plants sown can be used
for hay or some other purpose, there
is indirectly a double profit obtained.
The average colony of bees forage over
thousands of acres of land in search of
their sweets, and the bee-keeper could
not calculate on more than 10 pounds
of honey per aci-te from honey-prodjic-
ing plants. This would not pay any
one for the trouble, unless such plants
were grown that could be utilized for
other purposes.

A man must expect at least |15 per
acre for the use of his land, otherwise
it would not pay him to stay in the
farming business very long. Alsike
clover and buckwheat are good honey-
px'oducers, and it would probably pay
the farmer who keeps many colonies
of bees to raise as much of this crop as
convenient. Whole fields of such
plants would give the bees quite a
I'ange, and plenty of sweets. This
would be planting for honey indirectl}-,
and it is probably the onlj' way it can
be done profitably.

Alsike clover is probably the best
plant that can be sown for this double
object. In soils adapted to its growth,
such as moist land or gravelly loams,
it is a profitable crop for farmers to
grow. In manj' places it is grown to
the exclusion of red clover. The
Alsike is not " heaved " bj^'the action
of the frost in spring, as is red clover,
and it is'consequently good for pasture.
It produces a profusion of blossoms of
great value to the bees throughout the
whole season. Alsike clover furnishes
an aftermath iii* wet seasons. When
cut for seed, if .not allowed to stand
too'.. long, . the clover, after being
threshed, is equal to timothy for haj'.
As it will spread and take care of it-
self, there is probablj' no crop so val-
uable for waste "Jjlaces.

The idea of sowing honej'-plants in
small places, simply for the bees, does
not seem to me to be a profitable under-

148

THK mwmmmi^mM mmm jq-wkksil.

taking. Tu be of auj- value there must
be manj' arres of it, aud then it should
be raised with the idea of putting it
to some other use in the end. Small
patches might furnish houej' enough to
invite brood-rearing, which might,
under such circumstances, prove detri-
mental.

COWEIVTIOIV DIRECTORY.

1890. Time and place of meeting.

Mar. i;o.— Carolina, at Charlotte, N. C.

N. P. Lyles, Sec, Derita, N. C.

April IG, 17.— Missouri State, at Marshall, Mii.

J. W. House, Sec, Santa Fe, Mo.

May 1.— Southwestern Wisconsin, at Boscobel. Wis.
Benj. E. Rice, Sec, Boscobel, Wis.

May o— Susquehanna Co.. at Hopbottom, Pa.

H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.

May 7, .s,— Texas State, at Greenville, Tex.

J. N. Uunter, Sec, Celeste, Tex.

May 19.— Northern Illinois, at Rockford, Ills.

D. A. Fuller, Sec, Cherry Valley, Ills.

It^" In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time aud the place of
each future meeting. — Toe Editor.

A Pleasant. 0|>en Wintei-.

We have thus far bad a ver3- pleasant,
open winter in eastern Ohio. We have bad
but little snow, but a vast amount of rain
and mud. Bees are in splendid condition ;
I looked at mine to-day, and I find iu some
colonies quite a sprinkling of young bees,
and lots of brood in the broodchamber. I
wintered my bees on the summer .stands, in
Falcon cbaff hives. I commenced the
spring of 1889 with 32 colonies, spring
count, and increased the number to .tO, by
natural swarming, hiving prime swarms
only. All secondary swarms I put back in
the old hive, bj- first catching the queen. I
harvested 600 pounds of comb honey, tak-
ing this surplus off in the month of Julj',
and put the bees down in the brood-cham-
ber. They filled up the brood-chamber
with honey from fall flowers, and are now
very strong. I very seldom have to feed
my bees in the spring. From present ap-
pearances, we trust that the present year
will be a good one for bees and honey.

J.iCOI! Osw.iLT.

Maximo, O., Feb. 18, 1890.

Exp«'i-ienoe Mitli Cariiiolan Itees.

On page, 88, Mr. Staininger reports a fine
yield of honey; that he obtained that
amount of honey from 140 colouies of bees
(spring count) ; also that he increased his
bees to 335 colonies. That increase any
bee-keeper would have expected, and could
not well have avoided, with such a honey-
fiow as he had.

In regard to the Carniolans referred to by
Mr. S. : Did they swarm more than the
Italians; Previous to getting the Carnio-
lans, I kept the Italian bees for 12 years;
for the past 6 years, I have kept Carnio-
lans, and I have never had them swarm
more than the Italians did ; nor have I ever
had more trouble in controlling their
swarming than I did with the Italians. I
have had in three years, 2 Italian colouies
in my yard, for the purpose of an experi-
ment as to honey-gathering, and in both

trials, they failed to come up to the average
Carniolan bees, as honey -gatherers, by at
least 35 per cent. This is a big difference,
but I think that the drone-trap kejjt before
them, had something to do with their not
working well.

As to the Carniolans being cross : I have
had but a very few bees among the Carnio-
lans that were cross, and I could easily ac-
count for that. My experience in breeding
has been, that to take an egg from a fine
queen, aud put it in the hive of a cross
colony, to be fed and developed into a ma-
ture queen, will produce from that r|ueen a
cross colony of liees ; and I can take eggs
from a queen having a cross colony of bees,
and put them in a gentle colony to be fed
aud matured, and tho.se queens will com-
monly produce gentle bees. This matter I
have given some thought, and have proved,
to my satisfaction, in the twenty j'ears
passed among the bees. John Andrews.

Pattens' Mills, N. Y.

Honey troni llie Ciolden-Rod.

The golden-rood bloomed very profusely
here the last fall ; I watched it carefully,
and found very few bees on it until the tall
rains set in, then the blooms were covered
by a little black beetle ; but still the bees
got their share. I counted from 5 to 20
bees on a single weed, and the store of
honey was noticeably increased.

Hamlin, Iowa. James Moore.

Riant Itass'n'ootI Xrees.

As the valuable bass wood from which we
now get our best honey is so rapidly dis-
appearing, I think that it would be actiug
tiie part of wisdom, if all who keep bees,
especially, would plant as many young
trees as ttiey can, and they will in a few
years have trees that money could hardly
buy from them. Who can tell us how to
grow them from the seed ! I live liy the
woods, where many large basswood trees
are among the forest trees, and although
every spring I see thousands of the previous
year's seeds start with the seed leaves on,
3^et never one of them ever lives to grow,
and this occurs where no stock of any kind
ever runs. C. F. Miller.

Faribault, Minn.

[To plant basswood trees will soon be-
come a necessity —and it is excellent ad-
vice to recommend every one to plant
lindens wherever it is possible to do so. To
plant the seed is usually very unsatisfac-
tory ; it is better to transplant young trees
from the woods, or to buy them from a
nursery. In about five years they will
bloom. — Ed.1

Uee-Escape :ii><I Its Use.

I have just read Mr. Eugene Secor's let-
ter, on page 10(i, in regard to my bee-es-
caiie. From his closing paragraph, one
might be led to think that I had not made
the Eescape entirely free to the fraternity.
All are perfectly welcome to make them —
in fact, it pleases me to have them do so,
and I hope it may Vie a gi'eat help to many
an over-worked bee-keeper. Since bring-
ing the invention out, however, I have been
flooded with letters, asking for more ex-
plicit directions — often forgetting to enclose
even a stamj) for return postage, and ask-
ing innumerable questions. Some want
patterns; while still others send from two
to ten cents iu stamps. Some have sent me
samples of bee-escapes, which they had
made, that were so imperfect that I very
much doubt whether they would work at

all. I cannot afford to do all this work for
nothing, pay postage besides, aud spend
valuable time in making patterns, and
sending them out.

I have now perfected patterns, and make
all the escapes of tinned wire-cloth, solder-
ed on tin, and made so that they can be
instantly taken out of the escape-board
from the top. I am desirous that all should
have the benefits of this invention, and that
all Escapes should be made riqhtly.

Milan, lUs. C. H. Dibbern.

Fine '%Veather for Bees.

The weather here is extremely fine ; we
have not had any ice of any account, and
the bees have numerous chances for their
flights. I shall watch them closely now, as
they commenced to gather pollen the first
of March, last year. O. R. Hawkins.

Bellport, N. Y., Feb. 13, 1890.

Bees IViuterins' Well.

Bees are in splendid condition — only one
colony lost, so far. It was a poor season
for honey last year, l)ut I am looking for a
good crop this year. I have more cells for
honey than I can supply. It is very warm
to-day, the mercurj- standing at 80 degrees.
The bees are humming like they do in the
month of June. Bees have wintered well
in this locality, with very little loss ; but
spring dwindling is to be feared.

Wm. Anderson.

Sherman, Mo., Feb. 17, 1890.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

DENVER, Jan. 27.— 1-lb. sections, ISigaSc:
Extracted, 7®8c. Beeswax, 20®25o. Market
well supplied. Demand moderate.

J. M. CLARK COM. CO.. 1421 Fifteenth St.

KANSAS CITY, Jan. 2.o.— Market continues
very dull. Demand very liprht. Weather is en-
tirely too warm. We quote white 1-lb. comb,
13e.; fall, 1-lbs., 10(5) lie: white, 2-lbs., 11®
12c.; fall, 2-lbs., 10c. Extracted, white, 7@
7^Jc. ; amber, o@6c. Heeswa.v, 22c.
CLEMONS, CLOON & CO.,

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

CHICAGO, Feb. 22.— We quote: White clo-
ver in active demand and iiuick sales, on arri-
val : 1-lb.s., 12(&i:5c.; 2-lhs., ll@12c. Bass-
wood 1-lbs., ll@12c. Buckwheat 1-lbs., 8@
9c. Extracted, 6>i(rii7;;c. Beeswa.v — bright,
25@26c.; dark, 2:3(7/ 24c.

S. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, Jan. 21.— Demand Ught aud
prices lower. Very fancy 1-lbs., 12 iu a crate.
1.3c.; good white 1-lbs., 12®12!ic.: dark 1-lbs.
and 2-Tbs., 8@10c. : white 2-lbs., ll@12c. Ex-
tracted, white, 6C'7c. ; dark, 5@6c.

HAMBLIN & BEARSS, 514 Walnut St.

CHIC-VGO, Feb. 1.3.— Honey is selling with
more freedom than for some time, but prices
remain at 12@13c for the best; 10®llc for
what is not prime, and 8®10c for dark and
buckwheat honey. E.xtracted is not so active,
with pi-ices at 7(j/8c for finest grades, aud 6c
tor dark aud off-color. Beeswax, 25c for yellow.
R. A. BDRNETT, 161 S. Water St.

DETROIT, Feb. 10. — Comb honey is now
quoted at ll®.1.3c. The supply is not large;
sales are slow. Extracted, 7(>> 8c, Beeswax, 24c.
M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch, Mich.

BOSTON, Feb. 15.— Best 1 lbs., 16c; best 2
lbs., 15c. Extracted, 7(i?i9c. Beeswax, 23c.
Trade is dull.

BLAKE & RIPLEY. 57 Chatham St.

CINCINNATI, Feb. 14.— Good demand for
extracted honey, iu glass jars, while demand
from manufacturers is slow; it brings 5C'i8c
per lb. Comb honey, 12@15c a lb. for best
white.

Beeswax is in good demand at 20@24c. for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH & SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

TTHB jEBdumiefEH MMM j&J3imnmiu.

149

BDSIPTESS MANAGER.

justness Notices,

■ Subscribers who do not receive their

papers promptly, should notify us at once.

I^" Money in Potatoes, by Mr. Joseph
Greiuer. Price, 25 cents, postpaid. For sale
at this office.

Jt^" Send us one NEW subscriber, with
SI. 00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

It^" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, with name and addi-ess printed.
Sample free.

1^" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.

^W The date on the wi-apper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

' Please send us the names of your

neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Joukn'al.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

Any of the Political Dollar Weekly

Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jour-
nal at SI. 85 for the two; or with both our
Home Journal and Bee Journal for $2.50
for aU three papers.

HrW As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write American Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

Convention IVotices.

|^~ The spring meeting of the Northern Illinois
Bee-Keepers' Association, will meet at the residence
of D. A. Fuller, in Cherry Vallev, Ills., on May 19th.
1890. to. A. FULLER, Sec.

B^~ The next regular meeting of the Houthwea-
tern Wisconsin Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held at Boscobel, Wis., on Thursday, May 1.1890,
at 10 a.m. Ben j. E. KICE, Sec.

jy The 12th annual session of the Texas State
Bee-Keepera' Association, will be held at Green-
ville. Hunt Co., Texas, on May 7 and s, isyit. All in-
terested are invited. J. N. Hunter, Sec.

J^" The spring meeting of the Missouri State Bee-
Keepers' Association, will be held at Marshall, Saline
Co., Mo., on Wednesday and Thursday, April 16 and
17, 1«90, in the County Court Room, keduced rates
at the hotel, for bee-keepers, have been secured, and
a committee is at work to secure rates on the rail-
roads. A cordial invitation is extended to bee-keep-
ers everywhere, and especially to those of Missouri.
A number of essays from prominent bee-men are
expected, and an interesting time is anticipated.
J. w. Bouse, Sec.

A h\\ Method of Treating Wseiisc.

HOSPITAL REMEDIES.

What are they i There is a new departure
in the treatment of disease. It consists in
the collection of the specifics used by noted
specialists of Europe and America, and
bringing them within the reach of all. For
instance, the treatment pursued by special
physicians who treat indigestion, stomach
and liver troubles only, was obtained and
prepared. The treatment of other phj'si-
cians, celebrated for curing catarrh, was
procured, and so on till these incomparable
cures now include disease of the lungs,
kidneys, female weakness, rheumatism and
neiwous debility.

This new method of "one remedy for one
disease " must appeal to the common-sense
of all suft'erers, many of whom have experi-
enced the ill effects, and thoroughly realize
the absurdity of the claims of Patent
Medicines which are guaranteed to cure
every ill out of a single bottle, and the use
of which, as statistics prove, has ruined
more stomachs titan alcohol. A circular
describing these new remedies is sent free
on receipt of stamp to pay postage, by
Hospital Remedy Company, Toronto, Can-
ada, sole proprietors.

51D26t Imly.

Useful Scales

The Union or Family Scale.

This ^<cak' Ims steel bearing's, and it weighs
from H-ounce to 240 pounds. Price, with a
Single Brass Beam, as shown in the illustra-
tion, $.3.00. 'With Double Beam for taking the
tare, $3.50.

The Little Detective Scale.

|t^"When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book,
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

rj f^ COLONIES OF BEES FOR SALiE
/ I—. THEAF. They are in the improved

/I 10-ti':ime L;ins'Stroth Hive, on combs
1 U built from full sheets of Foundation.
E. T. JORDAN, Harmony, Clay Co.Ind.

9D.3t

JAPANESE BUCKWHEAT, 60 ots. per
bushel; l.j cts. for bag. No. 1 Sections,
$3.00 per 1,000. Comb Foundation very cheap.
Send for Price-List of 1890, free.

W. D. SOPER, Box 1473, Jackson, Mich.
QC.-it

THE SWARM HIVER

By Mail, and the Asierican Apiculturist
one year for$1..50. Circular and SampleCopies
free. Address,

American Apiculturist, Wenham, Mass.
9Atf

EKtabllshed 1 878.

SMITH & SMITH,

'Wliolesale and Retail Man-
ufacturers of

BEE-pEPERS' Supplies,

KENTON, OHIO.

Price List Free. 9Dtf

Mention the American Bee Journal.

lARNIDLAN TESTED QUEENS

P

^^ 'We have just purchased all the Tested
Carniolaii Queens that John Andrews,
of the kite firm of Andkews & Lockhart, has
now wintering in their 100 colonies, except
those ordered prior to January '27, 1890. These
Queens are to produce no bees showing any
yellow hands, and are to he shipped in May.
Any one in need of a nice Breeding Queen
early in theseason, should correspond with us:
aud any interested in the Carniolau Bees,
should read descriptions of them in our Illus-
trated Catalogue— sent free on application.
Address, THE BEE-KEEPERS' ADVANCE,
9(;ot Mechanic Falls, Maine.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

This little Scale m uiaae with steel bearings,
and a brass Beam, and will weigh accurately
y-ounce to 25 pounds. It supplies the great
demand for a Housekeeper's Scale. Prices :

Single beam, no scoop $2.00.

" tin " 2.50.

Double " no scoop 3.00.

" ■• tin " 3.50.

1^" All orders filled promptly.

THOS. G. NE^VMAN & SON,
246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILLS.

GARNIOLANS A SPECIALTY !

BEE-KEEPERS, before placing' your orderfl for
Carnioliin Bees or Queens, get our prices. Our
STOCK A HE EXCELLED BY NONE. Descriptive Cir-
cuhir and Price-List fur isyo now ready. Send for it.
Address. F. A. LOCKHART & CO.,

(Formerly of Andrews & Lockhart),
9Dtf PATTENS' Mills, Wash. Co., N. Y.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

A NEW DISCOVERY !

THE Common-Sense Honey Extractor is
strictly scieiitifle, powerful, durable, handy,
clean and rapid, and differs from all others,
and is cheaper than the cheapest at slaughter
prices. Circulars Free.

BET. A. B. I^EAinCAN,

NEW CUMBERLAND, Hancock Co., W. VA.
0C4t

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Honey Almanac for 1890.

JUST the thin? needed to create a demand for
HONEV at home. Bee-keepers should scatter
it freely. It shows the uses of Honey for Medicine,

Ealing. Drinkinc.Coukins. for making Cosmetics,
Vinegar, etc.: also uses of BEESWAX. Price, 5 cts.;
25 copies for $1.10 ; .50 copies. 11.70; 75 copies, $2.30;
KKt for 12.90. The foregoing are POSTPAID prices:
following are prices when sent by express or freight:
K«ifor*2.50: 500 for $10.0(J; l.OOO for $15.00. The
Bee-Keeper's CARD will he printed on the first page
without extra cost, when 25 or more are ordered at
one time. Addres^s.

THOS. G. NETVITIAIV dc SON,
246 East Madison St., ■ - CHICAGO, ILL.

150

THE' m.'m'mMiGMM mww j@'crMi«Mir.

^.^ '-^^^'^■^^^^^^-^AmA^i.mtmAmAJkA

•^^^'■^tmn

HANDLING BEES

APVMPHIjET, treating of the taming
aiifl handling of bees. Just the thing for
beo-inners. It is a chapter from "Tlie Hive
and Hoiiej -Bee, revised." Advice to be-
ginners, CircuUirs, &c., free. Price, 8 cts.

CHAS. DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ills.
Mention the Artierican Bee Journal.

BEE-KEEPERS' GUIDE

EVEKY Farmer and Bee-Keeper should
have it. The

I5th 1,000, Wholly Revised !

MUCH ENIiAKGED'.

Contains many more beautiful Illustrations
and Is up to date. It is both PRACTICAL and
SCIENTIFIC.

Prices: By mail, $1.50. To dealers, $1.00.
In 100 lots, by freight, 50 per cent. off.

Address A.J.COOK,

35Atf Agricultural College, Mich.

Mention thcAmericmi Bee Journal.

PATENTS !

PATENTS, Caveats, and Trade-Marks pro-
cured. Rejected Applications Revived and
Prosecuted. All business before the U. S.
Patent Office promptly attended to for mod-
erate fees, and no charge made unless Patent
is secured. Send for " INVENTOK'S GUIDE."
FKANKI.1N H. HOI «;H,
31Ctf WASHINGTON, D. C,

BEESWAX WANTED.

Bees-wax.— We will pay 23 cents per

pound, in Cast), tor Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
ered here. ,, ^ ^,

It^ To avoid mistalies, the name of the
shipper should always be on each package.

THOS. G. NE\n»lAN & SON,
246 East Madison Street, CHICAGO, lliLS.

No, 1, $2.00.
No. 4, 1.25.

.No.
No

2, $1.75.
5, 1.00

Knife, $1.15

.No.3, $1'50.
.No.6, .65.

JUST PUBLISHED

"PRACTlCfiL TURKEY RAISING"

By Fanny Field. This book tells all
ab<mt turkey raising, from the s«?ttiDt;
Of the eggs to the maturity of the young
turks. 1 f you follow the directions in
this book you need not ione a bird.
N - Fanny Field has had more experience
and succ-eds heticr in raising turkeys than any other
vei-wn in .\merica. She clears hmidre- s of dollars
yo;i''ly on th-m. nnd wili tell yon how shedoes it. i"nce,
25ct^nts. SUmlw taken. Address

THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,
46 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILLS.

ARNIOLANS

Bees and Queens l>red from Pure Im-
parted Stock with t:;reat care. Send lor cir-
cular giving full descriptions, queens in
June, il. Address. K. L. PRATT.

PRATT BEE FARM, Marlboro, 9Iass>

TtJillan Queens from a Yard several miles
distant, same price. Also Dealer in Supplies.
3Atf

Mention the American Bee Journal.

c

D

HEAD - QUARTERS IN THE SOUTH.

FACTORY OF

BEE HIVES, &C.

Early Nuclei <V: Italian ^neens.

|»" Tenth annual Catalogue now ready.
.^Ctf PAXri. I.. VI AtliOBT. Bayou Qoula, La.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

Western BEE-KEEPERS' Supply Factory.

On receipt of the above price.

SMOKERS

AND

KNIVES

will be Bent postpaid. Descriptive Circulars
will be sent on receipt of request card.

Bingham & Hetherinoton Smokers are
staple tools, and have been used Ten Vears
without complaint, and are the only stove-
wood, clear-smoke Bee-Smokers, No giving
■out. No fussing. No going out. No vexation.
Address,
BISOHAM & HETHERINOTON,
32Atf ABKONIA. Allegan Co., MICH.

Extra Thin Comb Foundation.

In 2a-Poniid Boxes.

WE CAN now furnish the Van Deusen
Extra-Thin Flat-Bottom Foundation
put up in 25-lb. Boxes, in sheets 16^^x28
Inches, at $12.50 per box. 12 ft. to the lb.
tg^ The above is a special offer, and is a
Bargain to all who can use that quantity.

All orders for any other quantity than
exactly 25 lbs. (or its multiple) will be filled
at the regular price— 60 cents per lb.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

248 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILLS.

We nianuraclurt- Bee- Keeper*
plies of all kinds, best qualits/ at
LoujcEt prices. Hives, Sections.
FouQdatiou, Extractors, Smoliers,
Crates, Veils, FeederB, Clover
Seeds, Backwheat, eto. Im-
ported Italian Q n e e n s.
Queens and Bees- Sample
Copy of oor Bee Jonrnal,
"Th» Western Bee-Keepcir,"
•nd late«t Catalogue mailed
Free to Bee- Keepers. Address
JOSEPH NYSEWANDEH,
1>E8 MOINES. IOW.4,.

ADANT'S ^

FOUNDATION

Is guaranteed by us, every Inch equal to sam-
ple in every respect. For sale by the following
and numerous other dealers:

THOS G. NEWMAN & SON, Chicago, Ills.

C V MOTH & SON, Cincinnati, O.

IAMBS HEDDON, Dowagiac, ivich.

CHAS H- GREEN, Waukesha, Wis.

CU AS. HER I'Elj. ■^r.. Freeburg, Ilia,

E S AKMSTRONQ,.Ier3eyville, Ills,

E KRBTCHMER, Coburg, Iowa.

d'r G L.TINKJER. New Philadelphia, O.

.JOS NYSEWANDER. Des Mcimes. Iowa.

G B. lewis & CO-, Waterluwn, Wis.

PAUL L- VIALLON, Bayou Goula, La.

J.MATTOON, Atwater, O,

Goortell & Wondworth Mf'g Co., Rock Falls, Ills.

OLIVER FOSTER, Mt- Vernon, Iowa.

GEO. E. HILTON, Fremont, Mich

1 M CLAUK Com. C"-, 1421 l-.th St., Denver, Col.

E li Goold & Co., Brantford.Ont,, Canada

G K HUBBARD, Fort Wayne, Ind.

O. G. C'>I.L1BR. Fairbury, Neb.

R H SCHMIDT & CO., New London, Wis.

J STADFFER & SONS, Nappanee, Ind.

E. R. NEWCOMB, Pleasant Valley, N, i .

Ij HANSSEN, Davenport. Iowa.

BERLIN FRUIT BOX CO., Berlin Heights, O.

C. THBILMANN, Tbellmanton, Minn.

.5C4t

J. FORNCROOK & CO.,

MANDPACTtmKBS OF THE

"BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTIONS,

TTrlIjLj_lurni8h_you, the

„ „ __ coming season, ONB
. . PIBCB SECTIONS, sand-papered on both sides
as cheap as the cheapest, and better than the best.

1^- Write for prices.
Watertown, Wis.. Jan. 1, 1890, ICIy

Mention the American Bee Journal.

TAKE NOTICE!

BEFORE placing yourOrders (or SUPPI-IES,
write for prices on One-Piece Basswood Sections
Bee - Hives, Shipping - Crates, Frames, Foundation,
Smokers, etc. Address,

K. H. SCHllIIDT A CO.,
lAly NEW LONDON, Waupaca Co., WIS.

Mention On American Bee Journal.

Langstrotli on the Hoiiey-Bee, Revised.

The book for beginners. The most complete
Text-Book on the subject in the English lan-
giuige.

Bee-Veils of imported material. Smokers,
Sections, Ac.

Circular, with advice to beginners. Samples.
&c„ free. Send your address on a postal to

CHAS. DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ills.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

Crrnt! 6 packets of mv choicest Flower Seeds
jJIiMFiS lOo. Beautiful Catalogue tree, '^ "

F. B.

1C4

MILLS, Thorn Hill. N. Y- " lM4t

When Answering this advertisement, mention this Journal.

PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION

H.\S NO S,4G l^ BKOOD FK.l.TlES.

THIN FLAT BOTTOM FOUNDATION

Has uo Fisli-boiie iit SurplusHoiiey.

Being the cleanest is usually worked
he quifkt'st of any Foundation made.

J. VAIV »E(TSEN & SONS,

^ole Manufacturers.

Sprout Brook, Moaijjoiuory Co.. N. Y.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Barnes' Foot-Power Machinery.

1 ^^ Bead what J. I. PARENT, of

i!^^?^^^'""^^ Charlton. N, v., says— "We
._^-™«ac«- -THanr cut with one of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter
.so chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
KX) honey-racks, ."jtXi broad
frames, li.oiK.) honey-boxes
and a frreat deal of other
work. This winter we have
double the amount of bee-
hives, etc.. to make and we
expect todo itwiththisSaw.
Itwil) do all you say it will."
Catalogue and Price - List

Free. Address, W. F. & JOHN BARNES,
45Ctf No. 196 Ruby St., Rochford, 111.

Mention the American Bee Journal

BEE-HIVES, SECTIONS,

ETC.

WE make the best Bee-Hives, Shipping-
Crates, Sections, &c., in the world, and
sell them the cheapest. We are offering our
choicest white 1-piece 4^x4*4 Sections, in lots
of 500, at $3,50 per 1,000. ^" Parties wanting
more, should write for special prices. No. 2
Sections at $3.00 per M. Catalogues free, but
sent only when ordered. Address,

G. B. LEWIS & CO.,

WATKRTOWN. WIS.
Mention the Amc'iran Bee Joxtmal.

BRIGHT ITALIAN Bees and Queens,
Bee-Hives, Sections, Foundation, etc.
12Aly H. H. KBETEE, Baxter Springs, Kan.
Mention the Amei-ican Bee JoumaX,

Tmm M^mmmiC'KM muM ja^RrtSL*.

163

XHOIVIAS G. WE1V51AW,

EDITOR.

Vol. mi. Marcy,1890. No. 10,

Keep a watch on your words, my brother,
For words are \\-onderful things ;

They are sweet, like the bee's sweet hone}' —
Like the bees, they have terrible stings.

Oui* New LiOoation, in the heart of
the business district of the city, at No. 346
East Madison Street, brings us in dii'ect
communication with the several express
companies, and we are conveniently near
all Jhe freight depots.

• This location has made it possible for us
to be more prompt than ever in tilling
orders, saving the long distance for haul-
ing— which time can now be used for filling
orders. Our friends will find it very con-
venient to call on us when in the city.

11^" Mr. Christian Weckesser, of Mar-
shallville, O., was married to Miss Ella E.
Long, at Williamsville, N. Y., on Feb. 16,
1890, the Rev. Eli Herr officiating. After
the services a number of friends of Mr. and
Mrs. Long, the parents of the bride, assem-
bled at their home and partook of an ex-
cellent dinner. The happy couple will
make theii- future home at Marshallville, O.
The Bee Journal extends congratulations
to them, and hopes for a long honey-moon,
extending all through life. Mr. Weckesser
is one of our valued correspondents.

Mot SoI«l Out — The notice in last
week's Bee Jourx.ii, that John Andrews
had sold out his "Queen Business" is a
mistake. He had only sold out all the
stock of queens that he had wintered. His
advertisement in this issue shows that he
is still in the queen-rearing business at
Patten's Mills, N. Y.

Xlie Oliio State Convention, held at
Cleveland, was a " right-royal rfteoting."
Dr. C. C. Miller called on us on his return
from attending it, and so reported it. Then
Dr. A. M. Mason wrote us very nearly the
same thing. He adds ;

President Boarilman not being present
at the time for calling the convention to
order, the Secretary, Miss Dema Bennett,
called it to order, and Dr. C. C. Miller was
chosen as temporar}- chairman.

There were 7 1 ruorabers present [and a
goodly number not members], and several
times I saw four, and occasionally five, rise
at once to speak, ami it took both Dr. Miller
and Mr. Boardman to keep us straight. The
next meeting is to be held at Toledo, and of
course you will be on hand. We affiliated
with the International. A. B. Mason.

We are glad to learn that there was such
an excellent meeting, and that the Ohio
State Society has affiliated with the "In-
ternational American Bee-Association."
That is the only waj- to make the Interna-
tional "representative " In fact as well as
in name. Let all bee-societies affiliate at
their next meetings.

Xlie I..ady bee-keepers are always wel-
comed both at bee-conventions and as
writers in the bee-periodicals. Their pres-
ence is cheering and elevating at the
former, and their articles in the latter are
interesting and enlivening. Mr. J. W. Tefft
writes thus concerning one who wrote four
articles for the American Bee Journal last
year — Miss Ida House— and we cordially in-
vite her to write again, as she may have
opportunity. Mr. Tefft says :

I am delighted with the articles of Miss
Ida House. They are so interesting that I
read them over several times before I have,
like the bee, extracted all the sweetness. If
she knew how refreshing it was to get such
articles, after poring over the heavj^ arti-
cles from the professional writers, she
would write ofteuer. I should like to see
something from her pen at least once a
month.

Miss Ida House will be welcome to oui-
columns as often as she chooses to write.
She is the sister-in-law of Mr. William
Lossing, a progi-essive bee-keeper of Min-
nesota, and has helped him in the care of
his bees, for the past seven years.

Xlie World's Fair, iu commemora-
tion of the discovery of America by Colum-
bus, 40Q years ago, is to be held in Chicago.
The location is selected, but the time, and
many other matters, are not j'et decided
upon by Congress. In om- next issue we
hope to be able to give full particulars, and
invite the World to come and see the Great
City of the West— and the greatest Pair the
World ever saw.

IlaiKlline' Bees.— This is the title of
a nice pamphlet containing 14 pages and a
cover, just issued by Chas. Dadant & Son.
It is a chapter from their book, Langstroth
Revised, and is an excellent thing for be-
ginners. Price, S cents. For sale at this
office.

I'Voin W. C. ■..yinan, of I)owner'«
(.Irove, Ills., comes a now reversible frame
similar to the Heddon reversible-frame, but
the extra top bar which holds the reversing
frame, extends a bee-space above it, and is
in two strips with a piece of queen exclud-
ing zinc put into slots between them— the
whole top-bar being wide enough to touch
the next top-bar and make them close-
fitting, when the hive is filled with such
frames — thus preventing the queen from
going into the surplus aiTangement. If a
reversible frame is not desired, this top-
bar arrangement can be used on any frame.
•Mr. Lyman will test the matter during the
coming season, and report the result.

Mr. V. H. I>il>berii, whose per-
fected bee-escape was mentioned in his
letter published on page 148 of our last
issue, has sent us one inserted in a small
piece of board, to show how to place it in
larger boards. The bee-escape is not only
perfected, but we might say it is " Perfec-
tion " itself ! It is made of tinned wire-
cloth, soldered on tin, and is made so that
they can be readily taken out of the escape-
board from the top.

Xexas Spring' Palace. — The grand-
est and most unique Exposition ever held
iu the United SffltWfwiill exhibit to the
world the wonderful and varied -products
of Texas, woven and arranged into most
beautiful pictures, descriptive of landscapes
and scenes in the State, at Fort Worth.
The season will commence May 10, and
close May 31, 1890.

The farmers and bee-keepers of
Newaygo county, Mich., held their fourth
annual institute at Hesperia, Mich., last
Wednesday and Thursday. Our friend,
Geo. E. Hilton, is Secretary and Treasurer,
and takes a prominent part in the discus-
sions. A nice programme is on our desk.

l^ew Catalos:ues and Price-Lists for
1890 are received from —

J. D. Goodrich. East Hardwick, Vt. — 8
pages — Bee-Keepers' Supplies.

J. W. Rouse, Santa Fe, Mo, — 4 pages —
Bees, Hives and Poultry.

Christian Weckesser, Marshallville, O. —
20 pages— Seeds, Plants, Bees, Queens, etc.

H. G, Frame, North Manchester, Ind,— 4
pages — Bees and Queens.

John Gardiner & Co., Philadelphia, Pa. —
100 pages — Seed Annual.

Z. De Forest Ely & Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
— 100 pages — Gai'den Manual.

J. W. K. Shaw & Co., LoreauviUe, La, —
4 pages — Queens.

Joseph E, Shaver, Friedens, Va, -33
pages — Bee-Keepers' Supplies.

J. M, Shuck, Des Moines, Iowa— 32 pages
— Specialties in Apiculture,

F, A. Snell, Milledgeville, His.— 18 pages
— Apiarian SuppUes.

J. T. Wilson, Little Hickman, Ky, — 1 page
— Italian bees.

164

itmm mwmmmiGMn mm^ j©iPier*MiL.

GLESMS OF EEWS.

Xlio Calitornia Crop of honey and
beeswax, for the past year, is set forth as
follows in a circular just issued by Schacht,
Lemcke & Steiner, of San Francisco, Calif. :

The crop of honey in 1889 was not as
large as in the previous year, but neverthe-
less, sufficient quantities have been pro-
duced so that no scarcity has been felt dur-
ing the season, and, even now, we have
sufficient honey on hand for our demand;
as the same has not been a very active one
for the export trade that generally has ab-
sorbed large quantities in previous years.

We estimate the crop in California for
the year 1889, at 2,000,000 pounds of ex-
tracted honey, and 200,000 pounds of
comb honey, or a total of 3,200,000 pounds
for the year 1889. Comparing this year's
production with former seasons, the i-esult
is not a very favorable one, as California
produced in 1888, 3,500,000 pounds; in
1887, 1,200,000 pounds; in 1886, 5,000,-
000 pounds; in 1885, 1,250,000 pounds;
and in 1884:, 9,000,000 pounds, or an aver-
age of nearly 4,000,000 pounds. It is diffi-
cult to approach again the amount pro-
duced in 1884, for the reason that a great
deal of land is now cultivated, so that the
bees had to be removed further and further
back into the mountains.

The prospect for the coming season is so
far a verj^ good one. We have had an
abundance of rain, and if we should get
some rains again in March or April, to
keep the different kinds of trees and flowers
in blossoms, we will probably have a larger
yield of honey than we have had since
1884. However, nothing certain can be
said now, as a great deal depends upon the
weather we will have during the honey-
producing mouths, which are iu particular
May, June and July.

Statistics show that iu Europe the sup-
plies are very short, and that also very
little honey is on the way from here to
Europe. In the East, the stocks of honey
are also limited, and in California, we have
no more honey on hand than will be need-
ed for the local consumption during the re-
maining season, [as we will have no new
honey before June or July, with February,
March and April before us, in which
months generally a great deal is consumed.

The quality of the honey has been choice,
but only little white honey has been pro-
duced, and in consequence, a good many
orders tor white honey could not be filled.

For comb honey the. demand has not been
a very active one, but comb honey in one-
pound sections sells much better than honey.
in two-pound sections, and very little comb
honey in two-pound sections should be pro-
duced in the future. Eastern buyers do not
wish to buy it at all, and also the local de-
mand calls now particularly for honey in
one-pound sections.

The average price for extracted honey
during the last year has been 6 cents, and
for comb honey 13 cents in one-pound
sections, which prices we leave unchanged
at the present time. Although some ex-
tracted honey has been sold as low as S'.;
to 5% cents, these prices are too high for
export, and apiarists must be prepared to
see lower prices in the coming season, par-
ticularly if we have a good crop. If prices
rule higher than 4 to 5 cents, business of
importance cannot be done with Europe,
for the reason that other kinds of honey
will be taken if prices for California are
higher.

The production of beeswax has been
small in the past year, we Testimate it at
30,000 pounds against 40,000 pounds in
the former year.

iVlarioii Harland, the friend and
helper of women everywhere, has taken up
the work of restoring the ruined monument
marking the burial-place of Mary, the
Mother of Washington.

One hundred years ago this venerable
woman was interred in private grounds
near Fredericksburg, Va. In 1833, the
corner-stone of an imposing memorial was
laid by President Andrew Jackson. A pa-
triotic citizen of New York assumed the
pious task single-handed, but meeting with
financial disaster, was compelled to aban-
don it.

Marion Harland says truly— in her appeal
to the mothers and daughters of America,
to erect a fitting monument to her who
gave Our Country a Father — that " the sun
shines upon no sadder ruin in the length
and breadth of our land, than this un-
finished structure." See page 67.

The publishers of "The Home-Maker,"
issued at 19 West 33d St., New York, of
which Marion Harland is the editor, offer,
as their contribution to the good cause,
seventy-five cents out of every annual sub-
scription of two dollars to the Magazine
sent in during the next six months. Every
such subscription must be accompanied by
the words, "For Mary Washington Monu-
ment ■''

The offer is generous, and should meet
with an enthusiastic response.

Yello'vv Jessamine. — Mr. W. M.

Crutcher, of Zellwood, Fla., asks the fol-
lowing question :

De.4r Editor:— Will you kindly inform
me whether honey gathered by bees from
blossoms of the yellow jessamine vines is
poisonous, or in any way injurious for eat-
ing? I am a beginner in bee-keeping, and a
large jessamine bush, in close proximity to
my hives, is now in full bloom, and the
bees are gathering honey and pollen from it.

This bush is found on sandy soil at the
South (Qelsemium sempervlrens) ; its
common name being "yellow jessamine;" it
is not very desirable to have within range
of the bees, especially if they are Italians ;
while the native bees very seldom are seen
on it, Italians get both honey and pollen
from it, but mostly the latter. The young
bees, after taking their first meal on these
flowers, will have distended abdomens, and
will act as though they were intoxicated.
They usually crawl out of the hives, and
very soon expire, unless prevented from
going out by being overcome by the
strength of the poison. Many of our South-
eiu bee keepers have had sad experience
on account of their proximity to this plant.
While the honey is not very detrimental to
the human stomach, it is not very agreeable
to the palate.

A correspondent in the National
Stockfnan lately wrote a very foolish arti-
cle on queen-bees, showing that he knew
nothing of the subject on which he wrote.
Dr. C. C. Miller gave a criticism of that
article In last week's Stockman. Among
other things he says ;

The idea that " the old queens die ofl" in

May or June and as soon as the queen

dies, the workers commence rearing
queens; that when they come forth, swarms
begin to come off," is certainly not borne
out by the facts. On the other hand,
queen-cells are started in the majority of
cases while the queen is present and laying
in the hive, and the queen which has done
so much laying instead of dying in May or
June, leaves the hive with the swarm, per-
haps to repeat the same thing the follow-
ing year.

The silly nonsense which obtains a place
in some agricultural papers, is astonishing.
We are glad that Dr. Miller has paid his
respects to at least one of that class of
writers.

Remetly lor Coii^Iis, <^oIds, etc.

— Among the many recipes in which honey
is used for curing diseases of the throat,
lungs, etc., is the following, which is recom-
mended as an excellent remedy for coughs,
colds, sore throats and hoarseness ;

Boil two ounces of flax-seed in a quart of
water; strain this, and add to it one-half
pint of honey, two ounces of rock-candy, or
lump-sugar, and the juice of two or three
lemons. Boil all well together, and bottle
or can it. The dose is one little tea-cupful,
hot, before going to bed; and a wine-glass-
ful before meals. Drink it as hot as you
can.

A t^mart I>ittle Hoy in Georgia,
who was kicked by a mule, instead of say-
ing naughty words, or going home crying
to his mother, tied the mule within five
feet of a bee-hive, backed him round to it
and let him kick.

Every Person who has a life-insur-
ance policy, or who expects to take one,
will be profoundly interested in a seriej of
articles now being printed over the signa-
ture of "The Hermit," in " Frank Leslie's
Illustrated Newspaper." The pictures in
Leslie's last week are all excellent. They
include pictures of wonderful ruins of Pre-
historic Colorado, and several illustrations
of important foreign events.

Xrifet's Monthly CJalaxy of
Music, published at 408 Washington
Street, Boston, Mass., presents an excellent
monthly installment of songs and instru-
mental music. The February number con-
tains the piece "Winsome Grace," a most
beautiful schottische by Boston's best
known teacher. Prof. T. H. Howe. We will
club it with this Journal, and send both
for SI. 75.

Xlie Figure 9 has been in our dates
for over a year, and will stay with us for
over a century, replacing the 8. No one
now living will ever date a document with-
out using the figure 9. Last year it stood
on the extreme right — 1889. This year it
is in the third place, where it will re-
main ten years. It will then move up to
the second place— 1900 — and there it will
rest for one hundred years.

T-MW MTmrnMlCM-M MMM JOURNRIU.

1G,5

A LiCCtnre on Fraud.— Ou page 115
we noted the fact that the Prairie Farmer
had published Lizzie Cotton's advertise-
ment, and remarked that Mrs. Harrison,
who conducts the Apiarian Department in
that paper, should give a lecture on fraud.
Well, she did, and here it is, copied from
last week's Prairie Farmer :

Why, Lizzie, you are wonderfully toned
down in your advertisement. Honey is so
cheap you don't make lift}' dollars per hive
for every colony in your yard, as you used
to do yearly (on paper). It is too bad, isn't
it? If I had such valuable stock as you
have, I would not sell nary bee ; no, not
one. But then, twenty dollars for a few
bees in a box, minus a queen, is not to be
sneezed at, any day. Your "New System
of Bee-Keeping" is not to open a colony
purchased of you for two weeks, for in that
time the bees will have reared a queen.

"Money can be made keeping bees. In
nearly every family there is some one who
could keep bees on ??i!/ plan, and secure a
handsome yearly income." How is your
plan different from all the bee-keepers of
the world, who tell all they know — and
more too — without money and without
price? How about that wonderful bee-
food, the recipe for which you charged so
much, the slippery elm one? You remem-
ber it, do you not? Do you have it incor-
porated in 3'our " Illustrated Book of Infor-
mation, Free?" You never sent me your
book, as many other authors have done ; O,
no; you are not green enough for that, but
Prof. J. B. Turner, of Jacksonville, Ills., did
with his compliments; here it is verbatim:

Can you not, througli the Prairie Farmer, help to
expose this transparent fraud ? I am tired of re-
ceiving her circulars. I learn of many cases in
which money sent to her has been cabbaged without
any return whatever. If she wishes to do any hon-
est business, why not send her things C. O. D. ?

.Tacksonyille, Ills. J. B. Turner.

Mrs. Lizzie E. Cotton, of West Gorham,
Maine, has received more attention from
the editors of bee-periodicals, than any
Jjee-keeping woman in our. land ; and she is
many times the sole occupant of a column
devoted to exposing humljugsand swindles.
Mrs. Lizzie does not wear a bustle or bangs;
O, no ! but coat, pants and vest, and is
known as Mr. Cotton, away down in Maine.

When I was attending the Exposition in
New Orleans, and examining the inventions
of women, my eye caught a pine box with
a huge placard tacked to one side with the
inscription, "The Controllable Bee-Hive
and New System of Bee-Management." It
was no hive at all ; there was not a frame
in it; without cover or surplus arrange-
ment. There was a bright bee-keeper there
who had charge of an exhibit from one of
the parishes of Louisiana, and she went to
the manager of that department and had
the box removed, for there was nothing in
it to be called an invention.

The cheek ! to get her advertisement in-
serted in the Prairie Farmci' atter she had
been exposed in its columns as a swindler
years ago. Many persons who could ill
afford the expense, have been sent useless
lumber by express, costing large sums. All
who send her money may expect to be
treated as the spider did the fly.

Tlie Report of the proceedings of the
20th annual session of the International
American Bee- Association contains, besides
the interesting report, the new songs and
music then used, and engravings of the
present officers as well as the retiring ones.
In all, it contains 36 pages. It is for sale
at this office. The price is 25 cts., postpaid.

Ripening anil Ke-LiiqiieryinK Ex-
tracted Honey.

Written for Uic A inerican Bee Journal

Query 691.- 1. In placing extracted honey
in open vessels lu I'lpen, does it impair to any
material extent, tlu' essentia! oils thai, ^ive to
comb honey that c.xiiuisite aroma and spark-
ling-flavor so dclij^iil liil to the taste? 2. Does
beating granulatcii honey in order to rc-
liqiiify the saitic, destroy any material ele-
ment of its natural flavor? — Ohio.

1 and 2. Not to any appreciable extent.
—J. P. H. Brown.

1. I think not. 2. Not unless it is over-
heated.—Eugene Secor.

1. In open vessels, yes. 2. No, not if
properly done. — Mrs. L. Harrison.

1. I believe it does, to some extent. 3.
Not unless it is heated more than is neces-
sary to liquify it. — A. B. Mason.

1. I do not know. I doubt if it does. 2.
Generally it does, because heated too rap-
idly and too much. — C. C. Miller.

1. I hardly think so. 2. Not if the vessel
containing the honey is placed in water,and
brought to a gradual heat. — J. M. Ham-

BAUGH.

1. Prof. Cook says " No." 3. If you heat
it too hot, it will destroy the Une flavor. —
H. D. Cutting.

1. We think not. 2. Not if done care-
fully, au baiU'Vutric, on a very slow fire ;
but it is very easy to damage it with too
much heat. — Dadant & Sox.

1. No — unless the honey was too thin
when extracted. 3. Not if done in a water-
bath, at as slow a heat as possible. — P. L.

VlALLON.

1. I think that it does. Extracted honey,
no matter from what source, in time tastes
simply sweet, and that is about all. 2. No,
if it is not heated too highly. — C. H. Dm-

BERN.

1. Indeed it does not — at least here in
Michigan. 2. Not if gently heated. Care
should be exercised not to over-heat it. — A.
J. Cook.

1. It is not easy to determine the force of
the words " to any material extent." Ex-
tracted honey loses flavor by exposure to
the air. 8. The flavor is still more im-
paired by heating.— M. Mahin.

1. It loses none of the flavor which it has
when extracted. The flavor of thin honey
is not as good as that left in the hive for a
month or two. 3. Not unless heated too

hot. — G. M. DOOLITTLE.

1. I think that it does. If there is any
advantage to be gained from extracting un-
ripe honey, I have yet to learn it. 3. Put
the vessel containing the honey, in water,
and then heat. No Injury results from
liquifying honey in a water-bath. — G. L.
Tinker.

1. Not if placed in, a cleftu room, and
properly cared for. 2. Not unless heated
to too high a degree of temperature ; all
that is required, being to simply liquify the
honey. — J. E. Poxd.

1. Yes. 2. No. Uncap comb honey and
expose it to the air, and it soon loses, in a
large degree, that quality which makes it
desirable as honey. While extracted honey
of good quality is superior to all the syrups,
it will always be considered as belonging to
them, and classed with them. — J. M. Shuck.

In the first place, my honey never needs
"I'ipening." What a word to apply to a
fluid! But the querist is not responsible
for introducing it into our current bee-lit-
erature. I do not remove the honey from

the hives until it is thoroughly evaporatol
by the bees. By a proper application of
the "tiering-up system," I gain both in
quantity and i|uality of honey. 1. Cer-
tainly, it does. All the samples of arti-
jiciallyevaporated honey that I have kept
in my collection of samples, have proven to
be poor sturt'. 3. (iranulated honey can be
reduced to the liquid state without per-
ceptible loss of flavor, if properly done. —
G. W. Dkmaree.

1. No. 2. Yes, if heated too much.
Place a vessel of water on the stove, and
put the vessel containing the honey in the
water, keeping it from touching the bottotii
of the first vessel by putting sticks between,
and heat the water to a temperature not to
exceed 150 degrees, when the honey will
be slowly liquified without "injury — R. L.
Taylor.

1. No, it does not impair the essential
oils, and the essential oils do not get away.
Let me tell you what takes place : You
would not put the honey in an open vessel
to ripen, if it w.as not too thin. It contained
water which vou wanted to get rid of. Thi.s
water will not evaporate unless the tem-
perature is well up. With this temi)era-
ture up, and with this surplus water which
you wish to get rid of, bacteria are pro-
duced ; in other words, fermentation takes
place just a little. Had you added plenty
of water before you began the open-air
ripening process, vinegar would have been
the result before the ripening took place.
As it was, your honey went towards the
vinegar state just a little, and took on the
sharp twange which cuts in the throat, and
gives you the impression that the essential
oil is gone. Do not think you can keep up
a demand for your extracted honey and
ripen it on the open-air plan. Let it be
well ripened by the bees before you extract
it, then screw it up air-tight, and keep it in
a cool place. The cool places are damp, be-
cause they are cool, but that will not hurt
the honey if the can is screwed up air-tight.
2. If it granulates, heat it slowly back to
liquid, and you will not injure it. No one
will ever be able to tell that it was gi'anu-
lated and then re liquified. — JamesHeddon.

1. The air will ripen honey when it is too
thin, without injuring it in the least. 3.
Heating granulated honey, to liquify it,
dones no injury, if it is slowly done in an
outer kettle of water, and not burned. — The
Editor.

Ooolitllc on 4t"CC"''R*^i>'ii*s-

Queens can be reared in the upper stories
of hives used for extracted honey, where a
queen-excluding honey-board is used, which
are as good, if not superior, to Queens
reared by any other process; and that, too,
while the old Queen is doing duty below,
just the same as though Queens were not
being reared above. This is a fact, though
it is not generally known.

If you desire to know how this can be
done — how to have Queens fertilized in up-
per stories, while the old Queen is laying
below — how you may safely introduce any
Queen, at any time of the j'ear when bees
cay fly — all about the different races of
bees — all about shipping Queens, queen-
cages, candy for queen-cages, etc. — all
about formiijg nuclei, multiplying or unit-
ing bees, or weak colonies, etc. ; or, in fact
everything about the queen-business which
you may want to know, send for " Doolit-
tle's Scientific Queen-Rearing:" a book of
170 pages, which is nicely bound in cloth,
and as interesting as a story. Price, $1.00.

166

THB miii®:mi©mi« mmm jQ>wmnmi^.

PRIZE ESSAY.

Extracted Honey — Its Produc-
tion and Oeneral Use.

Written lor the American SceJoximal

BY ,T. F. LATHAM.

With the steadilj- increasing utiliza-
tion of lioney in the many useful
branches of the arts to which it is ap-
plicable, and for which no other pro-
duct of human industry is so well
adapted, it is becoming more apparent
every year that, to meet the public de-
mand, it must be supplied to the trade
freed from the comb — extracted. In
no other condition can hone}" be made
to fill the numerous places, in response
to the present rapidly-developing uses
as an aliment ; or the many ways by
which its virtues prove to be service-
able, medicinally, for which it is
needed.

In order to bring extracted honej' to
the notice of the general public, many
obstacles that now retard its introduc-
tion, require attention from the pro-
ducer. Although it is an established
fact, that honey extracted from the
comb can be obtained by the bee-
keeper at less expense than honey in
the comb, the fact is no less prominent
that the present trade excess of the
latter over the former, is detrimental
to the sale of extracted honey, as it
leads the uninformed consumer to con-
clude that honey out of the comb is
intrinsicall}' less valuable than honey
in the comb ; and that, too, in tlie face
of the fact that the constituent ele-
ments of honey are alike in both con-
ditions.

In working for honey that is to be
exti-acted, and in ulacing it upon the
market within the reach of the con-
sumer, it should be the first and para-
mount object of the producer to so
mold his efforts as to I'esult in obtain-
ing and supplying his patrons a first-
class article.

Honey is very susceptible to any
flavor foreign to its own, and when
mixed with the other substances, of
even a .slightly unpleasant flavor, the
compound will be ver}' nauseating to
a delicate taste. This leads to a nice
discrimination, making it an important
preliminarj' object to supply the bees
with receptacles that are free from
any odor that will impart a dileterious
effect to the nectar that may be stored
in them. Combs that are allowed to
get moldy, or those that have been
.stored away with honey adhering to
them (as is often done after extracting
at the close of the season), and allowed

to remain until put upon the hives for
use again, are apt to be in an improper
condition for receiving the nectar that
is to make the limpid honey that should
be drawn from the extractor.

SEPARATING THE VARIETIES OF HONEY.

Another item of importance, is that of
keeping the honey from various blooms
separate, or as nearly so as it is con-
venient to do. Perhaps this statement
may be deemed somewhat extreme by
those of extensive experience, but
nevertheless I am prone to the belief
that the pungent flavor which honey
retains from the apple, golden-rod and
aster blooms, when mixed with the
delicate-flavored honey from the rasp-
berry and white clover, make a com-
pound inferior in flavor to either of
the former when separate ; the mixing
seems to develop a condition, which
for want of a more precise term, may
be called ferment, culminating in a
substance that but slightly resembles
either of its components in flavor,
odor, or, eventuall)', gravitj-.

RIPENINfi EXTRACTED HONEY.

If it is desirable that honey should
retain the rich, mellow flavor so agree-
able to a i-efined taste when used as an
aliment, the ripening process merits a
special share of attention from the pro-
ducer. The contrast experienced in
eating a ripe, rich, mellow apple, and
one of the same kind of fruit at the
plucking, is very striking ; but however
rough this comparison, it is a very fair
similitude of what maj' be experienced
in eating hone}' as soon as it is capped,
and after it has remained on the hive,
in bright combs, six months or a year.
It is not to be inferred from the fore-
going that the bee-keeper can allow
his honey to remain on the hives half
a year, or more, to receive a thorough
ripening, but the fact is none the less
apparent, that an improvement is en-
hanced by so doing, that adds to its
eating qualities.

The richest honey that I ever used,
was obtained from the broken combs
of a small after-swarm that was hived
in a box, and united with a queenless
colony in the fall, by placing over the
brood-apartment, and transferred the
spring following. Others who were
so fortunatg as to get a taste of that
honey, were enthusiastic in its praise.

BROOD-COMBS FOR EXTRACTING.

Brood-combs containing pollen are not
fit receptacles for nectar that is des-
tined for honey that is to be extracted.
Pollen that remains in the brood-apart-
ment two seasons, is apt to decay, and
when in an advanced stage of decom-
position, it imparts a very dis.agreeable
flavor to honey, when thrown from the
combs, and mixed in the extractor ;
even to a degree that it would be difli-

cult to decide a use to which it might
be applied ; it certainly is not a food
suitable for man, neither is it fit for
bees at any season of the year, al-
though it may be fed in small quanti-
ties at a time, after having been boiled,
without injurious eS'ects, when they
can fly frequently.

R.adically speaking, it is an unwise
procedure to put honey on the market,
that has been extracted from the
brood-co/nbs, in receptacles that will
carry it to the table of the consumer —
very few there are who will declare it
a food " fit for the gods," after once
testing its merits. If the " out" quali-
ties of extracted honey do not rank
among the extremes, it is as good for
some medicinal and manufacturing
purposes, or even the minor grades
of cooking, as the better qualities.

HONEY-RECEPTACLES FOR MARKETING.

After extracting and ripening, comes
the preparation of honey for the mar-
ket, bringing to the front the choice of
.shipping receptacles. Here, again,
care must be exercised that the fine
qualities of superior honey are not
injured.

Glass is the best material in which
edible honey can be put. Honey-re-
ceptacles are the acme of perfection
when made of glass.

Tin may be superior to glass for
shipping purposes when quantity, and
safety of contents are considered ; but
there is a chance for the contents to be
injured by contact with the metal sur-
face, when the surface contains more
lead than tin — the acid in the honey
and the lead in the tin (?) not com-
pounding an agreeable assimilation.
Pei'haps some of the reported bad ef-
fects experienced from eating ex-
tracted honey may have originated
from that source. Who knows? There
are chemists in the bee-keeping ranks
eminently qualified to investigate this
point to a certainty, and should it
prove a reality, it seems that caution
should be exercised, when preparing
honey for shipment, to guard against
inadvertencies from that direction.

Extracted honey can be kept two
years — perhaps longer — in unwaxed
kegs, made of staves riven from the
heart of white-oak, without any per-
ceptible change in its flavor. It seems
that other woods — the heart of old
growth spruce, poplar, and Norway
pine, of the North ; tulip and cypress
of the Middle and Southern States — in
short, any kind of lumber that will not
impart its flavor to any liquid coming
in contact with it, or produce acidnla-
tion (as would result in using red-oak,
birch, or maple, without waxing),
would meet the same purpose.

Honey put into receptacles that are
sour, is sure to absorb the acid, cans-

-rmm^ mm^mmi^mn mmM jOixsmnmiL.

167

ing fermoiitation, particularly when
stored in damp rooms. When used for
making vinegar, som' honey will " fill
the bill," but when used for cooking,
and in most medicinal preparations, it
behooves the apiarist to guard against
the many evils that may result from
supplying other than a prime article,
if he desires to maintain the present
increasing demaud for his product,and
raise it to the ilignity of a staple arti-
cle.

When well-flavored extracted honey
is put upon the market in a way that
its purport is assured, the confidence
of consumers will be fortified to the ex-
tent that the odium of adulteration
will become a secondary consideration.
With the abundant supply of extracted
honej- at all times upon the market, at
prices that place it within easy reach
■of any reasonable consumer, there
seems to exist no cause for its adulter-
ation, unless it be the promptings of a
genuine infatuation to damage the in-
terests of an hone.st industry ; and
wrong without the least shadow of a
cause ; to put it a little more forciblj- —
the result of habitual malignancy ! To
charge the crime of adulteration to
anj' particular class who are concerned
in the production and handling of ex-
tracted honej-, would be unjust, as the
" cranky" habit of mixing is too deeply
inured in the intricate mechanism of
productive and commercial doings to
admit of being classified. The com-
paratively low price to which extracted
honey has fallen, has, in a great meas-
ure, check-mated the adulterator of
that product.

As the mixing process by which ex-
tracted honey is adulterated, is mostly
performed after it leaves the possession
of the producers, as I am informed, an
effort on their part to wholly prevent
adulteration would be futile. The
somewhat uncertainly defined adage,
that an}' person has a right to do what
he pleases with his own, looms up in
opposition to inter-meddling from
others.

There seems to be one way by which
the much-to-bo-desired result might, in
a measure, be accomplished, and that
would be an association of producers
and their factors, having for its object
tlie control of the preparation and
sale of honey ; guaranteeing the con-
tents of all receptacles by a trade-
mark, authorized only by the associa-
tion. Could such, or a kindred pro-
cedure, be consummated, the associa-
tion could, when desirable, invoke the
National authority for support. When
this is done, extracted honey will
come to the front, where it now oc-
cupies a place on the back-shelf, under
the counter, or some other out-of-the-
way place, unseen by many would-be
consumers.

EXTRACTED HONEY AS A SWEETENER.

With the great majority of sugars,
syrups, and confections, represented
by authority to contain ingredients
that render tlicm noxious food sub-
stances, there appears to be no excuse
for reulaeing them with honey, which,
when handled as suggested in the fore-
going, can be no other than the purest
sweet obtainable. There are but few
household requirements that honey
will not supply, where a sweetening
substance is needed ; in fact, so broad
is its theatre of usefulness, as an article
of domestic economy, that no family
with a supply of extracted honey need
make use of any other sweetening.
When the price of "strained" Ifoney
ranged from 30 cents to 50 cents per
pound, its trade-value placed it beyond
the reach of the poor, and often those
of moderate means ; but now when
extracted honey, from the favorite
blooms, can be obtained plentifully
at from 8 cents to 12 cents per pound,
there is no expediency for neglecting
to use a pure, health-giving sweet, in
place of those of doubtful reputation.

West Cumberland, Maine.

Sti-an$;e, timl and Sweet.

" Three things are strange to me :
The kiss of the west-wind's breath,
The wonder of life and death,
And the thoughts that the future hath.

Three things are sad to me;
The earth on a new-made grave.
The sob of winds in a cave,
And a heart that never gave.

Three things are sweet to me :
The song of a bird that flies,
The blue of the summer skies.
And the light in a young wife's eyes."
—Campl)ell.

SEPARATORS.

Superiority of Sliced Wood Sep.
arator§ Over Otiiers.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY CHARLES B. ISHAM.

On page 101 is a question on " Mak-
ing wooden separators." Some of the
replies given are so at variance with
the experience of myself and honey-
producing neighbors who have been
extensively using sliced separators for
the past several years, that I think it
may be interesting to mention a few
facts which have been fully confirmed
by years of practical use in producing
large crops of comb honey for the
wholesale city markets.

I believe that I vvas among the first
to use and bring to the notice of honey-
producers the utility of sliced wood
separators ; also to advocate their pref-
erence to tin for this use in the apiai^'.

When my attention was first called
to a sliced board of proper thickness, I
was at once convinced of its practica-
bility, and in [)artnership with a friend,
we made them for our own use, besides
furnishing considerable quantities to
others, all of wjioni, so far as I know,
were well pleased with their utility.

The editor, and perhaps some of the
readers of the American Bee Journal,
may recollect of my writing several
articles some j-cars ago, advocating the
use of wood separators in preference
to those cut from tin. Among the rea-
sons then advanced were, that they
were warmer, cheaper, lighter, and
when cut 1-16 of an inch thick, or 16
to the inch, tliey gave a better en-
trance to the sections ; that later in the
season the bees would travel on them
instead of the combs, in passing from
the lower to the upper cases.

By practicing what we call " deal-
ing the separator," sections without
any insets can be used and filled with
comb flush to the edges all around. In
no other way can this be accomplished
only b}' using board separators about
one-fourth of an inch thick.

When cut from well-seasoned, live,
cured lumber, they do not warp or
split to any amount to speak of, and
are tougher than sawed ones, as the
process of steaming and drying gives
additional strength and hardness to
the lumber.

The machine that we first used, cut
them with a twist, but we never slice
them with a .straight cut, so that when
clamped and dried, there are about as
flat as a board, and equally as desira-
ble and convenient to put in place as
tin.

What has had a great tendency to
bring them into disfavor, is a quality
of cheaper make, cut by basket ma-
chines from unseasoned lumber, which
have given dissatisfaction, and have
been the means of quite a number dis-
carding their use entirely.

When I first commenced to use
wood separators, I had a large quant-
ity of tin ones on hand which were
soon discarded and laid to one side. I
have some thousands cut from wood,
which I have had in use from the first
we made, whfch are, tliough stained,
just as good as they ever were, and it
is the exception to find one which has
been badly gnawed hy the bees. I do
not know of any apiarists in this part
of the country who are now using
those made from metal.

All the sections I now use are dove-
tailed and sliced ; we also slice the thin
boards for shipping-cases, at a great
saving of lumber.

I consign, by freight, most of my
honey to commission men in the large
cities, and generally obtain very satis-
factory prices. The cleaner and newer

168

THE; M'mMMlGMM MMW JO^OICMMEf.

a section looks, the more attractive is
its appearance, and my experience is.
that after a section has gone through
the process of being filled — no matter
how smooth it may have been sand-
papered— when put upon the market
it does not look any better than those
which were steamed and sliced ; for,
if anything, a polished section against
it is ready for market, is more suscepti-
ble to stain, and does not look any
fancier or better to sell the honey for
enough more to make up the diflerence
in cost.

Honey-producers may as well recog-
nize the fact, that the time has gone
by for obtaining fancy prices for honey,
as it has become a staple rather than
a luxury in our city markets. The
least expense we incur for fixtures in
the apiary, and in sliipping its products
to market, the better we will be pre-
pared to meet competition, and make
the industry a paying and profitable
l^ursuit.

BEE-SCIENCE.

What is Honey i It is Sot
Digested Xectar.

Written for the American Bee Journal
BY U. JIILLAKD.

Science, saj's Webster, is knowledge
reduced to system ; knowledge which
gives a positive statement of truth. An
analysis of science would be expressed
somewhat thus : Fact, 99 ; system, 1 —
total, 100 ; just system enough to hold
the facts together.

Facts are deduced from theory, and
are tested by time and practical ex-
perience, and any theory that cannot
evolute itself up through this test, must
remain a theory. Presumptions, sur-
mises and probabilities are only crude
theorj- — not an atom of science about
them ; and apicultural science, to be a
science, should have no exceptions to
the above rtile.

In the preface to a little volume
called " Cook's Manual of the Apiary,"
edition of 1879, the author says: "I
make no apology for insertingso much

of science in the following pages

I am convinced tliat the people are
mentally hungry fur just such food."
Yes, and I ate of it myself, M-ith avid-
ity, and for years I have clierished a
high respect for that author and his
writings.

On page 104 of that " Manual," the
author says :

And what is honey? We can onlj' say
that it is a sweet substance, gathered from
flowers and other sources, by the bees. We
cannot, therefore, give its chemical compo-
sition, which would be as valid as the source
from which it comes. We cannot even call
it sugar; for it may be, and always is, com-
posed of various sugars; and thus it is easy

to understand why honey varies so much
in richness, color, flavor, and efl'ect upon
our digestion. In fact, it is doubtful if
honey is a manufactured article at all. It
.seems most likely that the bees only collect
it and store it up, that it may admin-
ister to their and our wants.

To be sure, some writers contend that it
undergoes some change while in the bee's
stomach; but the rapidity with which they
store, and the seeming entire similarity be-
tween honey and sugar fed to them, and
the same immediately extracted from the
combs, has led lue to believe that the trans-
ferring power of the stomach is very slight
— if it exists at all.

In the foregoing, the writer does not
take positive grounds, yet his views
upon the subject appear to me to be
just as consistent with known facts of
to-day, as they did ten years ago.

ACID FOUND IN HONEY.

But as bee-culture advanced, and
honey came more into general use, its
chemical properties became better un-
derstood by many who discovered
what was previously known by a few —
that honey proper contained an acid
that did not exist in nectar as secreted
by the flowers — a fact not mentioned
by Prof. Cook in his " Manual," but
one which has for the last few years
caused much speculation as to its origin.

At the convention held in Detroit, in
1885, Prof. Cook said: "No one
knows how or when the acid gets into
honey ;" thus assuming that it is in
some way added. It was then and
there stated as a belief that formic
acid was placed there by the bees dur-
ing the capping process, which was
carried on by the use of their tails, the
stings being the best polishiug-tool. A
statement from Father Langstroth
made there at that time, about the
ripening of honey, should be read and
remembered by every honey-producer
in the land.

Some three years ago I inserted an
empty comb in a hive during a honey-
flow ; in about two hours it was taken
out, and the newly-gathered honej',
shaken out into a cup, into which I
introduced a coil of polished steel wire,
and after an exposure of over an hour,
it showed no perceptible signs of cor-
rosion. The same placed in a cup of
old honey, blackened in a very short
time, thus proving the presence of
acid in the ripened honey.

The litmus paper test will prove the
same thing ; but neither test proves
how it gets there. Acid is a natural
inheritant of all vegetable sweets.
Nectar is a vegetable sweet, and the
only source of pure honey.

THE RIPENING OF HONEY.

If nectar could be gathered from the
flowers as fast as secreted, and imme-
diately subjected to a temperature of
150'^, Fahr., it would be converted into
cane sugar, or nearly so ; but this the

bees are unable to do — they can sub-
ject it to no higher degree of heat than
the interior of the hive. This they do,
and at the same time it is excluded
from sunlight : for when evaporated
at a low temperature, sunlight hastens
fermentation, which increases the pro-
portion of acid ; so that the process is
in part that of a slow evaporation, and
partly a curing process similar to that
of wine-making, differing in that the
material is more dense, and, as the
density increases, fermentation de-
creases until it reaches its equilibrium;
it is then in a condition to cap ; so that
the process is a combined one, properly
called "ripening."

HONEY NOT MADE FROM SUQAR.

Sugar syrup fed to bees will be
acted upon in precisely the same way,
the length of time required varying
proportionately with the density of the
material and the degree of heat. Dur-
ing the process it is confined to the
inner atmosphere of the hive; in close
proximity to, or mixed in, the cells
with honey and pollen, and all warmed
by the heat of the bees' bodies ; it be-
comes, in a measure, assimilated to
honey, t. e., it has a similar taste and
odor ; but easily distinguished bj' any
one familiar with pure honey.

Sugar syrup, or honey digested in
the bees' stomach, would be assimi-
lated to the bee's body, and converted
into chyme, to be used as such, or
further converted into blood to form
tissue.

Maple sap exposed to sunlight and
a warm atmosphere, will soon sour ;
but if taken fresh from the tree, and
rapidly evaporated at a high tempera-
ture, it will make good sugar that will
granulate, whereas in the first case it
would only make a syrup that might be
called " maple glucose," i. e., it would
have a maple flavor, but could not by
any process be convertible into sugar
that would granulate. Much of the so-
called maple syrup found in the mar-
ket is of that kind — purely maple, but
not properly produced.

In Prof. Cook's article on page 647,
of the American Bee Journal for
1889, he fails to make any discrimina-
tion between a degree of heat that
would only induce fermentation, and
one that would rapidly evaporate ;
neither does he mention any difference
in the results. By making sepai-ate
tests, and a proper continuation of the
two degrees of heat, followed bj' cool-
ing, maple sap would be converted into
sour sap, or granulated sugar : cider
into vinegar, or a dense substance
known as " boiled cider ;" sugar syrup
into sour syrup or granulated sugar ;
nectar into sour nectar, or cane-sugar ;
or, if fermentation be stopped at the
proper stage by excluding the atmos-

TM® MimmMic;mn mmm jo^wrnHKi^.

169

phere anrl confining the gasses, the re-
sult would be a wine ; but if left to the
bees, they would, by a combined pro-
cess as above described, ripen it into
honey.

THE GLANDULAR SYSTEM OF BEES.

On page 375 (1889), Prof. Cook
seems to have either made a new dis-
covery of bee-glands, or Nature has of
late been making some new additions
to the glandular system of the bee ; at
least it is new to me, and I thought
myself familiar with all the Professor's
writings on the anatomy of bees ; how-
ever, if the Professor is sure that he is
correct, I can only say that so far as
the glands are concerned, I have
neither the desire, nor the evidence, to
justify me in refuting his statement.
I was greatly surprised, however, that
he should make such a discovery at
this late day, and still more so at his
sujjposed functions of the aforesaid
glands.

" The probable function of the secre-
tion of those glands," says Prof. Cook,
" is to digest the nectar — to change the
cane-sugar of nectar to grape-sugar of
honey ;" and then states positively,that
" all honey is partially or completely
digested nectar." This would seem
like getting from probable to positive,
without much consideration. Now it
seems probable that that probable
function led the Professor to believe
that probably that secretion was an
acid, which still further led him to be-
lieve that i)robably the cesophagus or
honey-sac vpas probably a digestive
organ, and probably lined with proclain
with an acid as a digestant, jMsitively.

Let me repeat : Acid is an inheri-
tant in nectar, and all that is required
to produce it is warmth, and this the
bees are able to furnish — but they do
not digest it !

BEES SUBSISTING ON DRY FOOD.

Nature has provided the human
mouth with saliva glands, whose func-
tions are to secrete a fluid to moisten,
and thus to aid in preparing for the
stomach such food as dried meats,
bread, crackers, etc ; but we do not
need them when we eat green fruit,
soups, jellies, etc. ; neither do they act
on such occasions — Nature did not in-
tend that they should. These glands
do not secrete an acid, nor a digesting
fluid — only a saliva to assist in pre-
paring dry food for the stomach — the
gastric fluid attends to the digesting
after it gets there, and is furnished by
the glands of the stomach.

It frequently happens that bees get
access to dry sugar ; or suppose a col-
ony of bees in the early spring is out
of stores, but finds a hive or tree in
which the bees have died, and left an
amount of honev that is cold and

granulated ; it is theirs by right of dis-
covery, and tluur main source of sup-
plies to reproduce themselves. Will
they load it into their honey-sacs in
dry chunks, and take it home in tliat
condition ? No ; it is not their way of
doing business. The salivary glands
will be called into action to dilute it,
and it will tlien be passed into the
honey-sac, and taken to the hive.
Those glands that lead down to the
base of the tongue being also water or
salivary glands, will immediately act
and still further dilute, and make up
for loss during transition, and to aid
in regurgitating.

A small portion, perhaps, will be
passed to the true stomach below, for
the body's use ; the main bulk will be
deposited in cells near the brood. It
is not digested, but diluted with saliva,
and thus it is in a condition to be di-
gested by the nurse-bees, and, in time,
will all be used in brood-rearing.

NECTAR — NOT DILUTED OR DIGESTED.

But fruit-bloom opens, and the tield-
bees or hone3'-gatherers fill their sacs
with the pure nectar ; it is thin and
watery, and needs only evaporation.
The saliva glands are not excited to
action ; they plaj' no part. It is har-
vest time witii the bees — they go and
come, load and unload, as rapidly as
possible, and deposit their loads di-
rectly into the cells, free from any se-
cretion whatever, to be acted upon as
heretofore described ; it is then pure,
ripe honey.

In very earl}' spring, the old bees act
as nurses, but as the season advances,
these take to the field work, and the
nursing is assigned to the younger
bees, which, no doubt, keep their
saliva organs in constant action, as
they have continuous use for them.

Mendon, Mich., Feb. 22, 1890.

SWARMING.

management of an Apiary Dnr.
ing Swarming^ Time.

Written for the American Bee Journal
BY FRANK COVERDALE.

It has been stated in the Bee Jour-
nal that more honey can be produced
by allowing the colonies to swarm once
apiece, than to allow no increase at
all ; and the latter I think will work
best in all localities, simply because it
takes a strong colony at all times to
gather a good crop of honey.

In order to accomplish this, we must
have hives with loose bottom-boards,
and when a swarm issues, hive it as
usual, move the old or parent hive,
and place the newly-hived swarm in
its place. Put over them a perforated

wood-zinc h()Me\'-board : then take the
unfinislied sections from the old hive,
and ijlace tliem on the newly-hived
swarm, and ])ut the old brood-cham-
ber on top of all. The swarm below,
where the (]ueen is,sli(ndd be furnished
with full slieets of foundation, as I
think that ijees treated in this way
will be more apt to build drone-comb.
Tlie reason for this, I think, is because
such large numbers of bees get to
work in the brood-cliamber for awhile
at first, that they build comb faster
than the queen can keep it sup])lied
with eggs, and then of course the
building of drone-comb begins.

Keep an empty section-case close, or
next to, the new brood-chamber. In
seven or eight days cut all queen-cells
from the old lirood-chamber on top.

In working with this .system, it is
best to have the sections protected
next to the old brood-chamber, and for
this purpose oil-cloth will answer very
well. Double over one corner a little,
so as to leave open enough room for
the bees to pass through.

It will be seen that we have a great
number of bees in one hive, with
rapid re-inforcements, and no more
likely to swarm again than would the
new colon}- hived by itself — this I know
from personal experience. These old
brood-chambers on top, after the young
bees are all hatched, should be carried
away, and the honey extracted, or put
away for other purposes for wintering,
in case the fall crop should be a fail-
ure, and if this is found unnecoessary,
then extract and prepare the honey for
market.

Keep your eyes on the old combs
occasionally ; moth-larvae will very
likely be in them, along with pollen ;
in this case, sulphur them, which will
destroy the moth-larva;.

After this, if anj' swarms should
issue, treat them as before, onh- use
full frames of comb, of which j'ou will
by this time have plenty on hand, and
for next year's use, besides an apiary
in good running order to produce large
crops of honey, if the season is at all
good. •

This allows only the production of
some extracted and comb honey in the
same yard ; but the extracted honey
proves to be full)' as profitable, if not
more so, than comb honey.

USING THICK TOP-BARS.

I used about 200 brood-frames with
thick top-bars the past season, f of an
inch wide and | of an inch deep, with a
V-shape below of the above depth. I
used 8 frames to the foot. The}' aid
very much in preventing brace or burr
combs. The space should be a little
less than f of an inch above them, with
top-bars at least one inch wide, and if
anything, a little wider.

Welton, Iowa.

170

'rmm m^tmrnmi^mm mmm j@ipkkmi,.

SWARM-HIVER.

Automatic Seif-HiTing^ Arrau^c-
ment for SAvarms.

Written Sm the American Bee Journal
BY FRANCIS D. LACY.

I notice on page 27 a representation
of Mr. Allej-'s automatic swarmer ; and
as I have also applied for a patent
upon my automatic swarmer, I want to
show my plan in the American Bee
Journal.

My swarm-hiver was tested last sea-
son, when not so well formulated as
the description here given, and I be-
lieve it will never fail to work success-
fully. I believe that Mr. Alley's will

hives made upon this plan, and will
have all those occupied with bees, fitted
for this attachment, in early spring.

SEASON OF 1889.

Report for Last Year — Honey
Almanacs, etc.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY H. J. ROGERS.

Mj' report for 1889 is about as fol-
lows : I commenced with 75 colonies,
which had wintered jDerfectly in
double-walled chatf hives, on the sum-
mer stands. The season proved to be
altogether too wet and cold for the

The Lwij A/Uoninic Swarm-Hiver.

1. — Semi-circular tube of galvanized iron, nnl perforated, with flat side downward.

2. — Button, made to open and close at will, so as to insert the tube, and close when the
tube is taken out. The flat side of the tube is level with the inside of the bottom-board, so that
the bees can walk from the occupied to the vacant hive, on the level.

3.— Opcuing- opposite, in vacant hive, from the tube attachment. All hives are to have
corresponding- openings upon each side, for tube attachments.

■i.— Queen-excluder to a])pl;r to the opening .3. to give light through the vacant hive, and
through the tube to the occupied hive, which light attracts the bees to the empty hive, when
ready to swarm.

5.— .5, Queen-excluders— at about the same time, are to be placed at the entrances of the
hives, to prevent the escape of the queen.

The tube attachment is subject to modiflcatioii for shape, as convenience requires.

work successfully, but there are sev-
eral reasons why I like my plan the
best.

In the use of this swarmer, the hives
will go by pairs when put out in the
spring, and generally the bees will
work into the vacant hive, without any
indication of svv^-ming ; so it will sel-
dom be necessary to apply the r|ueen-
e.xcluder to the front entrances. The
lower plane of the tube gives freedom
for the bees to walk on the level of the
bottom of the hive, from one hive to
the other, and both hives become com-
mon to the bees.

The queen-excluder in front of the
hive is quite in the way of the working
bees, and for this reason should not be
used, if it can be avoided ; and with
my plan it will seldom need to be used.

The openings upon the sides of the
hives, with the button, as I have rep-
resented, will often be very convenient
for ventilation when hives are in the
cellar, or on hot, sultry days when in
the apiai-y. I am h.aving all of my

best results ; however, the flow was
continuous after July 1, and until Sep-
tember I had no trouble in keeping
the bees well up in the supers.

Swarming was late — most of my
swarms issued after July 1. I had
about 40 colonies that cast one swarm
apiece, but I onl}' increased them 8, as
I wanted honey more than increase.
By keeping each hive very full of bees,
1 succeeded in getting a fair crop of
honey, all in the comb ; 4,000 pounds
of white honey, and 1,200 pounds of
buckwheat constitutes my crop of
marketable honey for 1889. Most of
my honey was sold in New York city,
at a fair price.

HONEY ALMANACS AN ADVERTISER.

I am much impressed with the
Honey Almanac medium of advertis-
ing ; and will have to h.ave a thousand
or more this year. My honey was all
disposed of last year before Nov. 1. I
have never extracted any honey for
our home markets, but I shall do so

this season, and trust to advertising
through the "Almanac" to do the
selling.

The American Bee Journal is
doing a great deal in this part of the
country towards improving the science
of bee-culture. A number of bee-keep-
ers are now its regular readers.

My bees are wintering finely on the
summer stands. I can see no reason
for not having a good season this year;
basswood yielded nothing last season,
on account of frost in May, so we have
a reasonable expectation of getting
some nectar from that source this year.
I believe in trusting Providence in
bee-keeping, as in everything else. I
also think It pays to do everything in
the very best mjinner possible, in the
work of apiculture. It is the little
things, properly attended to, or neg-
lected, which make our pursuit suc-
cessful, or otherwise, from a financial
P'liiit of view.

LA GRIPPE AND THE WEATHER.

I notice that our fraternity are not
exempt from La Grippe, although Dr.
A. 15. Mason (see page 115) seems to
cany the idea that honey is a sure pre-
ventive. I have had a tussle with the
"Enemy," and he has not abandoned
the field yet, although I eat honey
nearly every day in the year ; however,
I am very sure that honey is excellent
for a cold.

The weather here continues mild —
at no time has there been more than
one inch of snow on the ground. The
mercury lingers along in the forties —
sometimes it gets as high as 60^, but
not often. I do not think that brood-
rearing has progressed very much as
j'et, and I think that every indication
points to a successful season in store
for us as bee-keepers.

Stannard's Corners, N. Y.. Feb. 24.

NEW YORK.

Report of the State Bee-Heep-
ers' Convention.

SElOOlSriD ID.A.^5r,

The morning session began at 9:30
a.m., on Feb. 5, ISItO. when President
Elwood announced the appointment
of these committees:

Question-box — G. M. Doolittle, W.
L. Coggshall, F. H. Cyrenius.

Resolntious — C. G. Dickinson, G. H.
Ashby, W. E. Clark.

Exhibits — F. H. Cyrenius, E. D.
Keenan, Thomas Pierce.

Exchange — I. L. Scofield, W. L.
Coggshall, O. L. Hershiser.

Oi>t-Ai>iaries for Comb Honey.

The first essay of the day was by A.
E. Manum, of Bristol, Vt., and was en-
titled : "How to run out apiaries for

XHB xmrnmicmm mmm joiL^Rrimi^.

171

comb honey in conneetion with the
home apiary." Among other things
tlie essay stated the following facts:

"My oiil-apiaries are located from 5
to 15 miles from my home apiary, at
the base of a mountain on the west
side. They are of easj' access. During
the months of April and May, with one
experienced assistant, I visit each
apiary once a week. An assistant re-
mains at each apiary during the swarm-
ing and houej' season. I aim to have
from 10(1 to 150 colonies in each
apiary.

"My supplies for the out-apiaries are
prepared at the home apiary in winter,
and are distributed in early spring.
After much experimenting, I find it
advisable to permit the bees to swarrh
once, hiving a portion of two, and
sometimes three, swarms in one hive,
and returning a portion of each swarm
to the hives from which thej' came,
thus keeping each colony in working
condition. This plan, of course, gives
me 25 to 50 per cent, of increase, but
I get more honey. Out-apiaries cannot
be run as econoraicallj' as the home
apiary."

" Betsinger's long-tried sj'stem of
non-swarming," was explained by N.
N. Betsinger, of Marcellus, N. Y., who
told of the best system to prevent
swarming, and the good results which
followed. Swarming is under control
of the leaders, and induced by them.
The longer bees are out on a limb, af-
ter leaving the hive, the less intense
will the swarming-fever become.

AFTERNOON SESSION.

At the afternoon session, which be-
gun at 1:30 o'clock, the following offi-
cers were elected: President, P. H.
Elwood, of Starkville ; Vice-President,
I. L. Scofield, of Chenango Bridge ;
Secretary, George H. Knickerbocker,
of Pine Plains; and Treasurer, N. N.
Betsinger, of Marcellus.

The next meeting will be held in
Albany, N. Y.

The leading essay of the afternoon
session was by Ernest R. Root, of
Medina, O., upon " The fraternity —
the honey-producer, queen-rearers, sup-
ply dealers and editors — their obliga-
tions one to another."

Mr. Root was not present, and his
essay was read by Secretary Knicker-
bocker. The principal points of the
essay are as follows:

The editor and supply dealer very
largely control progress in apicultural
matters — particularly the former. Bee-
papers are designed for the mutual
exchange of ideas. But, obviously,
there are some ideas and inventions
that it were better if they had never
been put before the bee-keepers. The
editor should carefully discriminate
between the useless and the useful.

To be able to do this, hff sliould be a
bee-keeper himself, and alive to the
demands of th(! times. He holds in his
hand the (hroltle-valve of progress.
His readers will be pretty apt to fall
into his line of thinking, and if that
line is progri^ssion, they will be pro-
gressive; if he is conservative, and
clings to the " good old things " of the
fathers, his readers will be such.

The editor of one of the leading
bee-keeping papers of France, even up
to the time of his death, which oc-
curred I'ecently, used his inlluence to
discourage the introduction of mova-
ble-frame hives among his patrons.
The result is, that a very large portion
of the bee-keepers of that country are
behind the times. The editor of one
of the other bee-keeping periodicals of
that country advocated, just as vehe-
mently, the use of the movable frame,
and he advocated it, too, as zealously
as his opponent had discouraged the
use of it. The subscribers to the paper
that advocated the movable-frame, are
progressive bee-keepers, and are using
what is called the " Dadant hive and
system," and, altogether, are a pro-
gressive lot of bee-keepers. While the
more advanced and intelligent class of
bee-keepers will not be swayed by a
non-progressive bee-paper, the mass of
its readers will follow closely in its
wake.

There is not a country that is more
progressive in bee-culture than the
United States ; and this progress is
largely due to its progressive bee-
papers. I find that a large number of
bee-keepers have a "baby" in the
shape of a hive, frame, or some appur-
tenance connected with bee-culture.
Some of these implements ai'e practi-
cal, and are giving large results in the
production of comb and extracted
honey ; and, again, others are as cum-
bersome as they are expensive and im-
practicable. To place a doubtful in-
vention Ijefore the bee-keeping public,
and herald it as a "big thing," or even
let it stand on its own merits, would
do harm to the fraternity. Old bee-
keepers would not be misled, but a
large number of amateur bee-keepers
would verj' likety want to invest their
first few dollars in something of the
sort. It is the business of the editor
to keep down useless inventions ; false
theories, false conclusions in regard to
the workings of our little bee, should
be relegated to the waste-basket. The
editor should consider the needs of
the times.

The obligation which a supply dealer
bears to the frateruitj-, is ver}- similar
to that of the editor. He should re-
fuse to make useless contrivances, and
sell only that which may be of use to
his customers. For a similar reason,
the queen-breeder should put onl}' good

queens upon the market ; iind the
honey-producer should aim to produce
the ver}' best hone}', and sliould have
th(! same carefully gi-aded. It is the
duty of the fraternity to keep posted,
to keep out of the ruts of old-fogyism,
and believe all to be honest, until they
have shown themselves to be dis-
honest. Ernest R. Root.

The above essay was followed by a
discussion of the topic, " Is it advisable
to introduce laying queens to a parent
colony after having cast a a swarm, or
having been divided artificiall}' ?"

Mr.Cyrenius thought that under cer-
tain circumstances it would be advis-
able to introduce the queen. It de-
pended considerably upon what the
bee-keeper had in view.

Mr. Doolittle said that the result of
his experience was, that it did not paj'.
It brought about swarming, and in
the midst of a honey harvest this was
a condition not to be desired.

The convention then considered the
comparative merits of tin and wooden
separators. Upon this subject, the dif-
ference of opinion was as marked as
upon the question of the Italian bee
and German black bee.

During the afternoon session. Presi-
dent Elwood read an essay upon "The
honey markets."

EVENING SESSION.

The evening session was taken up
with a discussion of the best methods
of marketing honey, and of the cause
and eftect of the short crop of hone}'
and low prices last year. In the
course of the discussion, Mr. Doolittle
arraigned the liquor traffic as one of
the causes of low prices. He said that
the price of honey seemed to decrease
as the consumption of liquor increased,
and his conclusion from this state of
afiairs was, that a great many men
preferred to buy whisky for family use
rather than honey.

The best kind of a paper box for
shipping honey- was also talked over,
and there was, as usual, a great va-
riety of opinions.

The convention adjourned until nine
o'clock the next morning, when among
the others, the subject of " Shallow vs.
large frames in the production of comb
honey," was discussed in an interest-
ing essay by J. H. Martin, of Hartford,
N. Y.

At the last afternoon session, several
important subjects were discussed,
after which the convention adjourned.

I^" We always extend the term of re-
newal subscriptions fi"om the date of
expiration ou our books. Present sub-
scribers whose time may expire one, two,
three or six months hence, can safely
renew now, without fear of loss thereby.

172

T'Hjg MME'KiC'MPf mmw jowmmmjL.

COWTEMTION DIRECTORY.

1890. Time and place of meetijig.

Mar. 20.— Carolina, at Charlotte, N. C.

N. P. Lyles, Sec, Derita, N. C.

April 16, 17.— Missouri State, at Marshall, Mo.

J. W. Kouse, Sec, Santa Fe, Mo.

May 1.— Southwestern Wisconsin, at Boscobel, Wis.
Benj E. Hice, Sec, Boscobel, Wis.

May 3.— Susquehanna Co.. at Hopbottom, Pa.

H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.

May 7, 8.— Texas State, at Greenville, Tex.

J. N. Hunter, Sec, Celeste, Tex.

May 19.— Northern lllinoia. at Rockford. Ills.

D. A. Fuller, Sec, Cherry Valley, Ills.

' In order to have this table complete,

Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — Tue Editor.

Maples an«l ^Vliite Clover.

My bees wintered well. On Feb. 3, the
maple trees were alive with bees — some-
thing I never saw before in this vicinity.
The prospect for white clover is the best I
ever saw in this vicinity.

Allen Lewton.

Quincy, lUs., Feb. 32, 1890.

Antis Very Xroiiblesomc.

I wish that those who make glass table-
ware, would make and send out a lot of
preserve or honey stands, with a little cup
around the stem that will hold a few spoon-
fuls of coal-oil, so that it will keep out the
auts. They are so many and so trouble-
some that it is almost out of the question to
keep them out of anything that is sweet. I
run a kind of huckster wagon ; raise veg-
etables, and sell them and my honey all
over the town and country. When I drive
up to a house, and try to sell honey, the
answer is, "Well, Uncle Jack, we want the
honey, but the ants are so bad that I will
get but one mess out of it before it will be
rank with the ants. They get in my jjre-
serves and everything that they can." I
have inquired a dozen times for the glass
article referred to above, but I cannot find
them. If the people all had it, it would be
a great help to the sale of honey in the
South. Joiix H. Christie.

Dyersburg, Tenn.

Onion Honey— Visitin;; Apiaries.

As I was in the beautiful city of Detroit
on Feb. 15, I visited the large apiary of
Eber W. Cottrell, which consists of about
100 colonies of Italian and hybrid bees,
with all the appurtenances necessary to the
production of comb honey. The hives are
aiTanged in regular rows, on a smoothly-
kept gi-assy lawn ; the apiary is situated on
the Grand River Road, about four miles
from the City Hall, and is quite near the
celelirated onion-seed farm of D. M. Perry,
consisting of 120 acTes. Having heard that
honey from onions was unpalatable, and
consequently unsalable, I asked Mr. Cottrell
what his experience had been through his
ten years of bee-keeping in that locality.
His reply was, that although while the bees
were working on the onions, it was easy to
detect the disagreeable aroma escaping
from the hives, but that he would defy an
expert to detect any taste of onions about
the honey after it was properly ripened ;
and that he had sold in the city markets.

and to regular customers, for years without
any complaint. He thinks that this is an
erroneous impression, or a sensational arti-
ticle emanating from the tired brain of a
city reporter, at a loss to supply an article
for his paper.

On Feb. 16 1 visited the apiary of Otto
Kleinow, who has some 60 colonies, mostly
pure Italians, in a variety of chaff hives,
which are his favorite. Mr. Kleinow's loca-
tion is a beautiful aud an historical one, he
being opposite Fort Wayne. The inmates
of Mr. K's hives I saw "drilling" on the
green ; but I think that the forces of Mr.
Kleinow's fort were more numerous than
that of Uncle Sam's; and I think that in
case of an invasion, the Commander should
call on Mr. Kleinow for re-enforcements.

Lakeview, Mich. S. J. Youxgman.

Cage for JMailins; Bees.

I send a cage for mailing samples of bees.
It is not exactly my invention, as I got the
idea from the Feet cage. It is so light that
the postage is only one cent, and it can be
made very cheaply (less than one cent
each, I think). I intend to send out hun-
dreds of samjjles in these cages, next sea-
son. S. F. TuEGO.

Swedona, Ills.

[The cage is light, and that is its only
recommendation. It is weak, and should^
never be trusted in the mails with bees in
it — for the law calls for a double screen of
wire-cloth, so that the bees could not sting
through it. It is not up to the requirements
of the Postal Regulations. — Ed.]

Bees llavingf Freqnent Fligflits^.

Bees are doing well so far. I have lost
only one colony out of 75. They have a
good flight about once or twice a week, and
have consumed a great deal of honey so far
this winter. I hope to give them my un-
divided attention the coming season, and
need the Bee Journal to help me along.
P. P. Collier.

Rush Hill, Mo., Feb. 25, 1890.

Foul Brootl and lt» Eitect.

My report for 1889 is — no honey, and no
bees to winter, all having died of foul brood
early in the fall. I will burn everything
connected with them, and start again with
a nucleus. There are no bees within thirty
miles of me — where did the foul brood come
from? Times are "tight" here. We can
sell no butter, eggs, poultry, a cow or a
horse for money. Andrew Craig.

Empire, S. Dakota, Feb. 22, 1890.

[From the woods, perhaps, where some
bees may have been diseased. — Ed.]

Joining the Bee-Keepers'' Union.

I want to become a member of the Na-
tional Bee-Keepers' Union. I have been in
the bee-business for 16 years, and as Mr.
Heddon says, I want to become a member
w'hile there is no cloud of trouble gathering
over me ; so my chances are to battle for
my fellow bee-keepers, as well as for my-
self. Joining the Union is something that
some other bee-keepers should not medi-
tate over, but should become members at
once. If it had proved to be of no use to
the bee-keeper, then we might say farewell
to the Union, but it has proved to be a
power in behalf of the apiarists. I think
that I am like a great many other bee-
keepers— procrastination has us by the
throat, and we cannot free ourselves.

While others are battling for our pursuit, I
want to be one to see that our " bee-boat "
can surmount the billows in any clime. I
think that it is a safe "boat" to ride in,
and the ticket is so cheap — only SI. 00— it
seems to me that all bee-keepers ought to
be on board to see that we all sail high and
dry. B. F. Feazel.

Washburn, Ills., Feb. 20, 1890.

Keepins' Bees for Fun, etc.

I keep bees just for the fun of it, and to
supply my family with honey to eat. I
commenced the season of 1889 with 8 col-
onies, increased them to 1-4 strong colonies,
and produced 1,600 pounds of extracted
honey, and 400 pounds of comb honey. I
have Italian bees, and winter them in the
cellar. Golden-rod grows profusely in this
locality, but produces no honey.

Knox City, Mo. S. Schofield.

Results ol'tlie Past Season.

I live in a good bee -country — there is
lots of maple, basswood and white clover.
The bees did well last year, but there was
too much swarming. I had one colony that
stored 100 pounds of honey besides casting
1 swarms — something I never heard of be-
fore. My bees were in the cellar until Feb.
16, when I had them taken out, because it
was too warm; they had a good flight. I
have 30 colonies, all in good condition.
Will they stand the cold weather now out-
side until spring? I sold my comb honey at
10 and 12}o' cents per pound.

Florian Ruedt.

Buffalo, Wis., Feb. 20, 1890.

[We have had some cold weather here
since Feb. 16, and perhaps you have al-
ready put the bees back in the cellar. If
not, they may get along very well if it does
not get cold enough to destroy the brood
that some are rearing, perhaps. "Spring
dwindling " is the only thing to be feared
now. — Ed,]

Lia Cirippe an<l Its Victims.

I have just read what Dr. A. B. Mason
has to say on page 115, about honey for
La CrHppe. Now it strikes me that honey
may prevent La Orippe, and may be good
to use after taking the " plague." Our
three children have not shown any signs of
the trouble, while my wife and I have both
had a bad case of it. We have honey on
our table at every meal, and the children
eat lots of it, while my wife and I seldom
taste it. I received the worst shaking up
by La Orippe that I have had for a long
time. It is now four weeks since it
" gripped " me, and I am not well yet. I
am able to be at the factory, and attend to
a little office work, but I seem to gain very
slowly. Although we are very busy, we
had to shut down the factory (of Smith &
Smith) for two weeks, on account of so
many of us having La Grippe. Our fore-
man (my brother) had to lay ofl' for five
weeks. J. H. Smith.

Kenton, O., Feb. 20, 1890.

[It is not a friendly <irtp, and none of us
can appreciate it. We are glad that you
are improving. — Ed.]

If any one wants a club of two or
more weekly or monthly periodicals, be-
sides one or both of our Journals — send us
a Postal Card, and we will then quote the
lowest possible price, by return mail. The
number is too great to enumerate.

THi® mmuMMTLiDj^n mmm j&jjTsinmiu.

178

<ji.i;nKii%4j i.i!«x.

AI^FREU H. ]^EW»JLA.PW,

BUSINESS MANAGER.

iBxtsmcss ^oticjes.

■ Subscribers who do not receive their

papers promptly, should notify us at once.

J[^" Money in Potatoes, by Mr. Joseph
G^eiuer. Price, 35 cents, postpaid. For sale
at this office.

1^" Send us one ;^EW subscriber, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

irW° Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, withname and address printed.

Sample free.

^g^ Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 35 cents per ounce, by express.

1^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

Igg^ Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

It^" Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jour-
sal at SI. 85 for the two ; or with both our
Home Journal and Bee Journal for $2.50
for all three papers.

1^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write A.7nerlca7i Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

|g" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For .50 colonies (120 pages) $100

" 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 25

•' 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

1^" When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal . For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book,
by mail, jjostpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

I^° We offer the Monthly Philadelphia
Farm Journal, and either the American
Bee Journal or Illustrated Home Jour-
nal for one year, for the small sum of $1.30.
Or, we will nive it free for one year to any
one who will send us one neto subscriber for
either of our Joui'nals with $1.00 (the sub-
scription price).

We Cliilt the American Bee Journal
for a year, witli any of the following papers
or books, at tho prices quoted in the IjAS'l"
column. Tho regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order fur another paper or book :
Price of both. Club
The American Bco .Tuurnal $1 00. . . .

and Gleanings in lice-Culturo 2 00 — 17.")

neo-K('e|icis' iluide 1 TjO. .. 140

Bec-Koepci-s' lioview 150.. . 140

The Apiculturist 175 — 165

nce-Kccpci-s' Advance 1 50 .... 1 40

Canadian lice Journal 2 00 ... 180

The 7 above-named papers 5 25 — 5 00

and LangstrothKpvised(Dadant) 3 00 — 2 75
Cook's Manual (1887 edition) 2 25.. , 2 00
(^uinb.v's New Hee-Keeping. 2 50.
Doolittle on Queen-Rearing. 2 00.
Bees and Houe.v (Newman).. 2 00.
Binder lor Am. Bee Journal. 1 60.
Dzierzou's Bee-Book (cloth). 3 00.
Root's ABC of Bee-Culture 2 25.

Farmer's Aceoiiut Book 4 00

Western World Guide 1 50 .

Heddon's bocdc, "Success,".. 1 50.

A Year Among the Bees 1 75.

Convention Haud-Book 1 50.

Weekly Inter-Ocean 2 00.

Toronto Globe (weekly) 2 00.

History of National Society. 1 50.
American PoultryJournal.. 2 25.

1 75
1 75

1 50

2 00
2 10
2 20
1 30
1 40
150
1 30
1 75
1 70
1 25
150

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

CHICAGO, Felj. 22.— We rjuotc: While clo-
ver In active demand and quick sales, on arri-
val ; 1-lbs., 12(r/siac.; 2-lhs., Ilfil2c. Ba-ss-
wood l-lhs., Il(iil2c. Buckwheat 1-lbs.. S®
Oe. Extracted, 0'i(!i>7'/4c. Beeswax — bright,
25(§»20c. ; dark, '.V.WVZic.

S. T. FISH & CO., 180 S. Water St.

NEW YORK, Feb. 28.— Market quiet, espe-
cially on comb honey. Prices irreg^ular, rang-
ing from »(')ji:ic., according to quality. Ex-
tracted Is moving fairly well at prices we give
on page 60.

HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,

28-30 Broadway, near Duane St.

KANSAS CITY, Feb. 20.— Demand is light.
Fancy 1-lbs., 13c.; good white, 12c.; dark, 8(^
10c. Two-lbs., white, 10(!Sllc.; dark, 8c. Ex-
tracted, white, 0(5)70.: dark, 5c. Beeswax, 22c.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS, 514 Walnut St.

CHICAGO, Feb. 13.— Honey is selling with
more freedom than for some time, but prices
remain at 12(ri 13c for the best; XO%lic for
what is not prime, and 8(@10c for dark and
buckwheat honey. Extracted is not so active,
with prices at 7(5.8c for finest grades, and 6c
for dark and off-color. Beeswax, 2.tc for yellow.
R. A. BURNETT, 161 S. Water St.

Con'rention Notices.

K^ The spring meeting of the Northern Illinois
Bee-Keepers' Association, will meet at the residence
of D. A. Kuller, in Cherry Valley, Ills., on May 19th.
189^1. D. A. Fuller. Sec.

<i:g- The next reBular meeting of the Southwes-
tern Wisconsin Bfc-Keepers' Association will be
held at Boscobel, Wis., on Thursday, May 1. I.s9li,
at 10 a.m. Benj. K. Kice, Sec.

t^" The 12th annual session of the Texas State
Bee-Keepers' Association, will be held at Green-
ville, Hunt Co., Texas, on May 7 and .s, 1890. Ail in-
terested are invited. J. N. Hunter, Sec.

ZW The spring' meeting of the Missouri State Bee-
Keepers' Association, will be held at Marshall. Saline
Co.. Mo., on Wednesday and Thursday, April 16 and
17, isytt, in the County Court Room. Reduced rates
at the hotel, for bee-keepers, have been secured, and
a committee is at wnrit to secure rates on the rail-
roads. A cordial invitation is extended to bee-keep-
ers everywhere, and especially to those of Missouri.
A number of essays from prominent bee-men are
expected, and an interesting time is anticipated.
J. W. Rouse, Sec.

BOSTON, Feb. 24.— Best
16c: best 2-lbs., 14(©15c.
Sales are slow.

BLAKE & RIPLEY. 57 Chatham St.

1 lbs., white, 15®
Extracted, 8(^c.

CINCINNATI, Feb. 14.— Good demand for
extracted honey, in glass jars, while demand
from manufacturers is slow; it brings 5(0!8c
per lb. Comb honey, 12@15c a lb. for best
white.

Beeswax is in good demand at 20(gt24c. for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH & SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

^duertisemeitts.

CATARRH.

CATARRHAL DEAFNESS-HAY FEVER.

A New Home Treatment.
Sufferers are not generally aware that
these diseases are contagious, or that they
are due to the presence of living parasites
in the lining membrane of the nose and
eustachian tubes. Microscopic research,
however, has proved this to be a fact, and
the result of this discovery is that a simple
remedy has been formulated whereby
catarrh, catarrhal deafness and hay fever
are permanently cured in from one to three
simple aiiplications made at home by the
patient once in two weeks.

N. B. — This treatment is not a snuff or an
ointment; both have been discarded by
reputable physicians as injurious. A
pamphlet explaining this new treatment is
sent free on receipt of stamp to pay pos-
tage, by A. H. Dixon & Son, 337 and 339
West King Street, Toronto, Canada. —
Christian Advocate.

Sufferers from Catarrhal troubles should
carefully read the above.
50E36t Imly.

H/~1 "ORAME, North Manchester, Ind.,
• vT* JJ breeder of Italian aud Car-
iiiolaii Queens. Bees by the pound and
Nucleus. Price-List free. Reference— First
National Bank. lOEtf

WHO WANTS to trade BEES (colonies of)
for a young (5 years next spring;) sound,
gentle HORSE (Gelding) double and single to
drive, about 1,000 lbs. weight. Please answer at
once. E. Arnoldt, P.B. 176, Janesville, Minn.
lOAlt

THE SWARM HIVER

By Mail, and the American Apiculturist
one year for $1.50. Circular and Sample Copies
free. Address,

Aiuericau Apiculturist, Wenham, Mass.
9Atf

Clnlts of 5 for $4.00, to any addresses.
Ten for $7.50, if all are sent at one time.

HILTON'S

Improved Chaff Hive

AND T SUPER.

The pamphlet: "Howl
Produce Comb Honey."
Price ,^ cts. Send for tree
Illustrated Price-List of
everything needed in the
apiary.

GEO. E HILTON,
Fremont, Michigan.

Honey Almanac for 1890.

JUST the thius needed to create a demand for
HONK? at home. Bee-keepers should scatter
it freely. It shows ttie uses of Honey for Medicine,
Katinfi, Drinking, Cooking, for makiog Cosmetics,
Vinegar, etc.; also ueea of BEESWAX. Price, 5 cts.;
2.5 copies for 11.10 ; l>0 copies. $1.70: 75 copies, $2.30;
j(K) for ♦2.t*o. The foregoing are POSTPAID prices:
foIlowinKare prices when sent by express or freight;
iii<i for*2.5n; 51M1 for $10.0(j ; i,i.MX» for $15.(H). The
Bee-Keeper's CAKDwill be printed on the tlrst page
without extra cost, when 25 or more are ordered at
one time. Address,

THOS. G, NEWMAN A: SON,
246 East Madison St.. - CHICAGO, ILL

174

TM® mjmmmi^MM mmm j&vimMmi^,

A Beautiful, SS-page Monthly for the
ft^icie:, si.oo a. ~2-E].A.II.

In order tbat every reader of tlie Bee Journal may see tlie beaiitil'iil Illus-
trations and read tlie entertaining articles contained In the Illustrated Home
Journal, we make this SPECIAL. OFFER for tbe next 60 days;

TRIAL

Three Months

FOR 1 0 CEHTS ™'^

It is oui- inteution to have a very extensive circulation, so as to command a large
advertising patronage— and with this aim, we malie the above Special Offer, hoping that
those who read it for 3 months will take it regularly thereafter.

Please Read the Interesting Contents

OF THE MARCH NUMBER.

Washington's Birthday —by the Editor . 65

Illustrations : George Washington— Mary,
the Mother of Washington— Accepted the
Challenge— Monument in Mary Washington
—Present Condition nf Mnnument— Martha,
the Wife of Washington— Washington's Car-
riage- Washington's Table— The Fatlier of
His Country— Washington's church.

Union of Good Families in George (Illus-
trated) 65

The Mary Washington Monument— by

Marion Harland (Illustrated) 66

Washington's "Wants" 67

Washington's Carriage (Illustrated) .... 67
Incidents in Washington's Life — by F.

G. De Fountaine 68

Washington's Business Habits 69

Washington's Religious Lite 70

Illustration : Pohick Church.

The Flag-Making Era (Illustrated) 70

Washington as a Poet (Illustrated 70

Gen. Salamanca (Illustrated) 70

Personal Gossip (Items) 71

Colorado River Seulptin'es 71

Some Things Worth Knowing (Items) . . 71

Universities of the World 71

Morsels of Gastronomy 71

French Fun on Ice 72

Illustration : French Skating Rink.
Edison's Statue— Genius of Light (Illus-
trated) 72

Howard University's New President,
Rev. Dr. Rankin (Illustrated) 72

Boston's New Collector— Alonson W.

Beard (Illustrated) 73

Mystery of Dark Canyon — by Sherman

L. Watkins— Chapters III and IV 73

Facade of a Cathedral in Florence.Italy
—Recently Restored (Full Page Illus-
tration) ; 75, 94

Some Senators at Home 77

Illustrations ; Edmunds in His Library—
Ingalls in His Den— Allison Sits up Close.

The Late Count Andrassy (Illustrated) . 78

Made Dundreary Funny 79

Illustration ; Sothcrn as Lord Dundreary.

Educators in Council 79

Illustration : Andrew S. Draper.

Music :— "TheMermaiden." 80

Music :— "The Chimes" 81

Our Young Folks— by George W. York-
Christmas in the Sunny South 82

A Pleased Pair of Southern Cherubs

(Illustrated) 82, 94

Fashions- How Plain Girls May Look

Attractive 84

Illustrations : Picture Dress— Turkish Em-
broidered Costume— Pretty Dresses for In-
genues.

The House-Keeper — by Lucy Langdon —
Home Life in Thibet 85

A Pioneer Habitation by the Sea (Illus-
tration) 85, 9-1

Daughters of Eve (Items) 87

The Puzzler— (Illustrated)— With Key
to Former Puzzles 87

A Sensible Farm House (Illustrated
with Plans) S8

Gathering Evergreens (Full-Page En-
graving) 89, 95

A Millionaire of Note— by G. H. Yeno-
wine 90

Illustrations : John Plankinton— His Resi-
dence—An Educational Monument.

Hon. Joseph G. Biggar (Illustrated) 91

i Personal Gossip (Items) 91

New Japanese Flags 91

Ideas for Dress (Items) 91

Six New York Beauties 92

Illustrations: Lillian Russell— Mrs. Burke
Roche— Mrs. David Thomson- Mrs. Edith
Kingdom Gould— The Duchess of Marl-
borough—Marion Manola.

The Late Cardinal Pecci (Illustrated) . . 93

The Late Hon. Elihu Root (Illustrated) . 93

Editorial Items 94, 95

POETKY :-

A DoubleTask 72

A Wonderful Weaver 73

He was Only a Boy 82

Indeed She Is 72

Keep a Watch on Your Words 94

Love Has a Season Sj^

Mother Hubbard— a New Version 93

Strange, Sad and Sweet 85

The Poet's Compliment 93

The Times Change 72

Where is Home '. 91

Would You * 92

Yesterday is Past 88

Miscellaneous : —

A Big Shower 88

A Curious Theory 78

A Dream 88

Advance Sheets Unobtainable 71

A Love Test 78

An Expensive Perfume 83

Aphorisms 91

Ark of the Covenant 83

A Suitable Name 69

At the Club 93

Cantilever 87

Careful of Her Head 71

Children's Hats 84

Deaths of the Apostles 83

Desirable Forfeit 88

Extraordinary Symptom '72

He Saw the Point Afterwards 93

How He Avoided Marriage 93

How to Tell a Person's Age 84

Not Quite Right 78

Ode to the National Flour 88

Oldest Mine in the LTnited States 76

Oyster Forcemeat 84

Roman Amphitheatre 76

Spurring Him On 70

The Tables Turned 88

The Tale of a Kiss 88

Timely Information 84

Where She Would Find Sympathy .... 91

Why it was so Named 93

Ijook at these I*reiniiiin!!> lor
Xi-ial Clubs!

It will be very easy for any of our Trial
Subscribers to show their first number to
their friends, and get the small sum of 10
cents from each for a "Trial Trip" subscrip-
tion, and thus get up a Club. We do not
want this work done for us without remun-
eration, and offer as a Premium 20 per
cent, of the money sent, in Books and
Pamphlets, to be selected from oiu' Book
List on the second page of this Journal.

Reader, will you please give this your
attention, and thus benefit yourself as well
as aid us in a business way *

The Bee Journal and Home Journal (each
SI.OO) will be clubbed together for one year
for -51.60.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

T^H® MIUBMICXN: MMW JO^RNJEI*.

179

THOS. G.NEWMAN ^ SON, ;

KDrroR.

Vol. mi. MarcH 15, 1890, No. 11.

. Xlious'k strange it may sound,

Yet we firmly insist,
Fault often is found
Where it doesn't exist.

1^^ The Rev. E. T. Abbott has been laid
up -with the epidemic-influenza — but we
are glad to learn that he is now improving.

Mai-cli has been cold and stormy all
over the area of North America. The early
bloom has had a "set-back," and winter
clothing has been in demand. This is the
first real winter weather we have had so
far. Of course it cannot be of long dura-
tion, and will not materially affect the
bees on that account.

'•' Xlie Flo'wers that bloom in the
spring," appeared down in Carmi, Ills.,
quite early this year. Two weeks ago we
received a box of willow and other blos-
soms from our friend Ira Reeves, who lives
there. The cold weather since March
came in, however, has made a vast change
in the early flowers.

In Eiic^Iand, the bees were reported
to be swarming in February. The London
Times of Feb. ^0 contained this item:

While a young man named Flint, son of
the baliff to Mr. E. Poster, of Woodbury,
Tempsford, Bedfordshire, was engaged in
the fields one day last week, he suddenly
heard the humming of bees, and on looking
around he was astonished to see a splendid
swarm of bees which had alighted on a
shrub. The youth's father is an amateur
bee-farmer, and being himself quite an ex
pert, he soon obtained a hive and secured
the whole swarm, which is said to be a fine
one. It was subsequently presented to a
laboring man residing in the neighborhood.

Spruyin;;- I'l-iiU Xrecs.— Mr. R. G.

Robertson, Marshall, Mo., writes as follows:

In the spring of ltSS9 I had 6 colonies of
bees; in the fall they bad increased to 22,
and had produced 000 'pounds of comb
honey. Every bee-keeper should take
some bee-periodical. I am taking two, and
I am contemplating taking another. Will
the editor please give some information
about spraying fruit trees with poison,
giving time, etc., for spraying plum and
apple trees;

The spraying should be done with weak
Paris-green, and the time to do it is just
after the blossoms fall, then it will kill the
insect pest, and do no damage to either the
bees or honey. Great care must be taken
not to spray the flowers when in bloom —
that is not only dangerous in poisoning the
bees, but useless, for the curculio does not
injure the blossoms, but the fruit.

But ivhy use the poison at all* Mr. Peter
Brickey gave some valuable information
for all fruit-growers on this subject, on page
779 of the Bee Journal for last year. He
there gives a "simple, sure and easy
remedy " to prevent the curlulio from dam-
aging fruit trees, without the trouble of
spraying, or the use of poison, as follows :

Take a yarn string and saturate it well
with spirits of turpentine, and tie it around
the plum tree, about 2 or 3 feet high, or
below the limbs, and as the curculio crawl
up the tree, they are stopped by the yarn
string, and turn back — they will not cross
it. This has been tested to perfection, and
never fails.

We advise the use of the above, instead
of the poisoned spray.

»lr. It. W. Pet-It, of Richmond Cen-
tre, Ohio, on March 6, 1890, informed us
of the sad death of his wife, in the follow-
ing touching letter:

Deak Editor : — I have sad news to re-
port. On Oct. 4, 1888, 1 was happily mar-
ried to Miss Edna Britton, of this place. I
bought a piece of land about one mile from
my father's place (my bees being at my
father's), and built a nice home for us,
during the summer of 1889. We moved
into it on Nov. 11, 1889, and brought my
bees here on Feb. 20, 1890. But on March
1, my new, bright and happy home was
changed to a cold and dreary one, by the
death of my dear wife, in her nineteenth
year. No one knows my grief. I have
been a bee-keeper ever since I was 15 years
old — I am now 25; and have taken the
Amekican Bee Journax for seven or eight
years. B. W. Peck.

We extend to our bereaved brother our
heartfelt sympathy in his great afiliction,
and bespeak for him general condolence
among our readers. We know

'Tis sad to part with loved ones

For ever, here below ;
But tearful grief oft blesses,
When we God's purpose know.

Mr. R. O. Hogfiie, of Loydsville, O.,
gave an address on "bee-ology" at the
Farmers' Club held 'at Morristown, O., on
Feb. 20, 1890. A nice programme was
printed for the entertainment, and a copy
of it is on our desk.

Mr. C Xhcilinann, of Theilmantou,
Minn., we regret very much to learn, had a
narrow escape from death by accident on
Fel). 18. We are glad to hear that he is im-
proving, and hope that he may soon be all
right again. He gives the following account
of his "close call:"

I have met with another and more severe
accident than the one I bad last fall, when
my right collar-bone and two ribs were
broken, caused by my horses running away
and upsetting the buggy. This time, I
was passing a railroad train on a narrow,
downhill passage, and when the engineer
saw that my horses were frightened, he
opened the cylinder valves jiist for fun,
when he came opposite my team. This
scared the horses so badly, that they be-
came unmanageable, broke the tongue, and
upset the buggy, throwing me with great
force on the rough, frozen ground, where I
lay unconscious for about half an hour.

I received a number of big gashes on my
head, and was badly injured in my lungs,
diaphragm and liver; but the severest
pains were in my right thigh, which was
totally useless up to March 5th, when I
moved a little on crutches. No bones seem
to be broken, but the doctors say that it is
badl}^ bruised, and that I will come out all
right. The wounds on my head are nearly
healed up, and I am getting some better in-
side, so that I can sit in a chair, and pass
the time in reading and writing. This was
a very narrow escape. I was just fairly
over the first accident and the La Q-rippe,
when the last happened; but after such a
blessed and successful summer as I had last
year, I hardly have reason to complain of a
bad winter. C. Theilmann.

Supply Oealers and Queen-Breeders
should now be making their business an-
nouncements to the public for the coming
season, if they desire to get a share of the
trade of 1890. All such will be welcome
to the advertising columns of the A>rEKicAN
Bee Journal, providing they are doing a
legitimate and honorable business. Adver-
tisements from dishonorable persons will
not be admitted, knowingly.

We have received hundreds of unsolicited
commendations of the Bee Journal as an
advertising medium, but have no room to
give them here. We will just insert two,
which are fair samples of all :

Having advertised in the American Bee
Journal quite extensively for years,I would
say (without solicitation) that it has sold
more queens for me than any other thi-ee
periodicals I have ever tried. — L. J. Diehl,
Butler, Ind.

The Bee Journal does its advertising
wonderfully well. It brought to me re-
sponses from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico,
and from the AUeghanies to the Rocky
Mountains. — W. M. Rogers, ShelbyvOle, Ky.

Oiii- l^e«- Liocation, in the heart of
the business district of the city, at No. 246
East Madison Street, brings us in close
communication with the several express
companies, and we are conveniently near
all the freight depots.

This location has made it possible for us
to be more prompt than ever in filling
orders, saving the long distance for haul-
ing. Our friends will find it very con-
venient to call on us when in the city.

180

'Kkim sMERicapf mmm jQwrnnmi^.

Xhe Christian Woman, published
at Philadelphia, Pa., is one of the foremost
monthlies of the present time, in its pecu-
liar line of work. Being well printed and
ablj' edited, it is a pleasure, as well as a
great profit, to read its entertaining and
valuable contents. In its list of contribu-
tors are found the names of women who
have become famous on account of their
earnest words, and unselfish labors in va-
rious fields of activity. The February num-
ber contains this generous notice :

The American Bee Journal for 1890,
sings, hums, gathers its stock of "honied"
articles, and •' stings " as industriously and
perseveringly as in the heat of flowery sum-
mer. The twenty -fifth volume is completed,
and the twenty-sixth is begun. Its charac-
ter and usefulness are the guaranty for the
future. It adheres closely and strictly to
its specialty, and says all that can be said
concerning the industry which it repre-
sents.

It is proved that those who keep bees,
will find that bees keep them. - We have
our two colonies safely stored away in a
dry and warm cellar, and we hear a hum-
ming within. If this mild weather con-
tinues, with the thermometer at 60 de-
grees, and dandelions blossoming in the
fields, we suppose they should be put out-of-
doors. Still, there may be a change, and
golden-rod may not start in time !

We have inquired for parafflne combs
and glucose honey, so as to get that SI, 000
offered for a pound, but we cannot find any
in Philadelphia. Perhaps if every farmer
took the Bee Journal, and knew of the
offer, a specimen pound might be sent.
Some new Edison may arise to invent the
article ; but the offerer may be dead before
that prodigy arises. Moreover, the Ameri-
can Bee Journal will continue as long as
bees work and flowers grow, and the wise
will subscribe for it.

In the same issue, in an item referring
to the Illustrated Home Journal, the
Christian Womaii utters the following
very complimentary words :

The Illustrated Home Joup al is a mag-
zine which is prettily illustra d, well con-
ducted, and is a worthy competitor for the
approval and support of the best people.

Salve lor Chapped Hands. — A

salve that is good for all kinds of cuts,
chapped lips and hands, is made as follows :

Take olive-oil, with just enough bees-
wax to thicken it, stirred in while it is
heated on the stove a few moments. If
liked, a few drops of rose-water may be
added after the mixture is almost cold.
The olive-oD should be from the druggists—
not the common oil used for kitchen pur-
poses.

J^" The Iron Mountain Horticulturist
for March is on our desk. It is the first
issue of a new periodical published at Salt
Lake City, Utah, and edited by John C.
Swaner, the principal bee-keeper of that
region. Of course it has a "Bee Depart-
ment." It is well conducted, nicely
printed, and deserves success.

Asters, <jiolden-ttod. Clematis. —

John H. Christie, Dyersburg, Tenn., says:

I send you one section of honey bj- ex-
press: I would like to know what it was
gathered from — I suspect that it is linden,
but there is no linden nearer than three
miles from my apiary, though it is the last
that is gathered in the spring harvest, and
but few colonies have it.

I also send some leaves and flowers, and
parts of a vine, that grow here (but not
very plentifully), that bees work upon from
light until dark ; it grows about old fence-
rows and thickets in the fields where it is
protected from stock. It is a vine, and
the topmost part generally lives all winter,
but will sometimes die clear to the ground.
Please name the flowers and vine.

I notice on page 58, that Mr. Ira Reeves
says that he does not believe that there
ever was an ounce of golden-rod honey
gathered. Now I could not say postively
that there was, for I never open the bees
to see if they have honey in them ; but I
can say that I have seen them upon the
golden -rod by the thousands, and have
smelt them in time of the golden-rod bloom,
by the time I would get within forty yards
of them on any warm, still night; and, be-
sides, the honey that they gather at such
times, tastes like the plant smells, and the
honey is as nice as any I ever saw — the
comb and honey is nearer the color of gold.
The aster that we have rarely gi-ows more
than 3 or 4 feet high, while the golden-rod
often grows 10 feet high.

John H. Christie.

We refer you to our comments on a let-
ter from Mr. L. G. Purvis, on page 106,
concerning honey from golden-rod.

The honey you sent comes from several
flowers, and cannot be called linden honey,
though there is some linden in it. We are
not suflJciently familiar with Tennessee to
name the sources.

One of the flowers sent is one of the
numerous family of asters — the other is a
species of clematis or Virgin's Bower, ap-
parently Clematis Virginiana. It is in the
fruiting stage.

4aoIden-Ro<l Honey is excellent for

medicine, and the following from Mr. C. J.

Robinson, shows that the herb is also val-

i uable for its medicinal qualities. He says :

Different correspondents make different
mention of golden-rod as a honey-iiroduc
ing plant. The discrepancy is wide, and of
much importance — all important. Can the
discrepancy be reconciled — correctly ex
plained? Golden-rod is the common name
—SoUdago odora is the botanical name. It
is the variety known as " sweet scented
golden-rod" that secretes and furnishes
honey. Probably there is some difference
in the amount of nectar secreted by this
variety of the genus SoUdago, the "differ-
ence being occasioned by difference of soil
and climatic influences.

SoUdago odora fluid extract and oil is
among the pharmaceutical preparations of
drug-stores, and used by physicians. B.
Keith & Co., manufacturing chemists of
New York city, give the medical properties
of the plant thus: "Aromatic, stimulant,
carminative, and diuretic. Employment —
pain in the stomach and bowels, flatulence,
suppression of urine, inflammation of kid-
neys and bladder, and for inhalation in dis-
eases of the respiratory organs."

It will be seen from the above reliable
medical authority, that the golden rod is
one of our best herbs for medicinal use. A
decoction of golden-rod might convince
those who decry the plant, that the des-
pised weed is worthy of no small praise.
Try it.

Two-Fifths Xrne.— R. H. Holmes,
of Shoreham, Vt., on March 3, 1890, writes
us as follows :

Dear Editor: — In your issue of Feb. 23,
on page 119, in the report of the Vermont
Bee-Keepers' Convention, it is stated that
" Mr. Holmes completed at this meeting
his fifth year as President of the Associa-
tion," etc. The quotation referred to is a
mistake, which possibly grew out of the
fact that 1 had been President for two years
past, and Secretary for the three years
previous to that. If you will note the cor-
rection in the next issue of the Bee Jour-
nal, you will confer a favor upon me, and
give " honor to whom it is due," namely,
H. L. Leonard, of Brandon, Vt., and P. C.
Abbey, of Essex, who so ably performed
the duties of President while I was Secre-
tary. R. H. Holmes.

The report was sent us by the Secretary,
coiTected from a reprint of the Free Press,
and credited to it. We presume the re-
porter made the mistake, and that it was
not noticed by the Secretary. We cheer-
fully make the correction.

CInhs of 5 for $4.00- to any addresses.
Ten for S7.50 all are nt at one time.

Oood market tor Honey.— Mr.

Geo. G. Scott, of Wadena, Iowa, on March
3, 1890, wrote us as follows: "Enclosed
please find a favorable market report on
honey. It is an evidence of reduced stocks,
and a good market for the coming season
on comb honey." The report was from one
of our honey merchants, and reads thus :

Chicago, Ills., March 1, 1890.
The receipts of white clover honey are
very light; demand good; and we find no
difli'culty in closing out our receipts of
white clover, as we have orders awaiting
arrival of goods. We would advise prompt
shipments, so as to take advantage of the
present firmness in our market. One-
pound sections will readily sell for 12i.<@14
cents, according to size and appearance of
crates.

I^ew Catalogues and Price-Lists for
1890 are received from —

W. T. Falconer Manufacturing Company,
Jamestown, N. Y. — 34 pages — Apiarian
Supplies.

Geo. H. Kirkpatrick, Portland, Ind.— 8
pages— Bee-Keepers' Supplies.

Marcus Holtz, Tifl3n, O. — 6 pages — Api-
arian Supplies.

Chas. Dadant & Son, Hamilton, Ills. — 24
pages — Comb Foundation, and Supplies for
the Apiary.

W. H. Norton, Skowhegan, Maine— 20
pages — Bees and Apiarian Supplies.

St. Joseph Apiary, St. Joseph, Mo. — 8
pages — Bee-Keepers' Supplies.

Handling: Bees. — This is the title of
a nice pamphlet containing 14 pages and a
cover, just issued by Chas. Dadant & Son.
It is a chapter from their book, Langstroth
Revised, and is an excellent thing for be-
ginners. Price, 8 cents. For sale at this
ofBce.

T-HiE mfi^mmicMM wmw jo-urnkiu.

181

A Profcclurc when ColoiiioN
fiiwiii'iii IValurali}'.

Written /or the American Bee Journal

Query 692.— How would tliis iihin work
wbere uolonies are allowed to swuriii iiat-
iiriilly y Hive tlio swarui as rocomuiendtMl by
Mr. Hvitchinson. namely, frames with starters
in the brood-chamlier, (jueen-exeludinfr honey-
board, and full combs in the super ; take the
jjureut colony and remove all combs except
one having: a quuen-cell (if more cells than
one, they can be cut out, leaving only onel ;
till the lii'ood-chambcr with frames having?
starters, put on the (iueea-excluding' honey-
board, and fill the super with combs — that is,
the combs from the brood-chamber. In place
of the queen-cell, a laying queen can be given
the parent colony. Suppose the apiar.v to be
run for extracted honey, liy the above plan,
I can get all m.v colonies to work in the supers,
aud have brood-combs drawn out at the same
time. What is your opinion of the plan ?— La.

It looks plausible. — Mrs. L. Harbison.

I think that the plan will work very well.
—J. P. H. BiiOWN.

I never tried this, but I think that it
would work well — A. J. Cook.

Having had no experience with this, I
cannot express an opinion. — M. Mahin.

It may work all right, but there be ob-
jections not thought of until put to the test.
— C. C. Miller.

Your plan will work, yet it is not the
plan that I would adopt in my locality
(Michigan). — H. D. Cutting.

If I were at work tor extracted honey, I
would not bother in that way. — A.B.Mason.

It would probably work all right, if you
like the combs built in that way. — R. L.
Taylor.

I have never tried it. The space is too
limited to expand an argument in support
of, or against, a theory. — Eugene Secok.

I doubt the feasibility of the plan. You
would get too much drone-comb. Try it,
and report. — J. M. Hambaugu.

If you give the parent colony a laying
queen, your plan will work ; otherwise your
bees will build drone-combs. If you work
for extracted honey, you need have but
ve.-y few swarms. — Dadant & Son.

It is too much "fussing." I do not favor
extracting honey from a brood-comb, or
from comb that has ever been used as
brood comb. — J. M. Shuck.

I may be thick- headed, but I do not un-
derstand the question. Colonies will pro-
duce more extracted honey when they do
not swarm, aud swarming is unnecessary
when working for extracted honey. — G. M.
Doolittle.

I have done with hiving swarms on
starters only — entirely too much drone-
comb is the result. There are some objec-
tions to putting starters only in the parent
colony. The last plan may work all right
for extracted honey. — C. H. Dibbern.

Your plan ought to succeed and give the
best of satisfaction in results. I believe in
getting bees to work under the swarming
impulse, as far as possible, and this is one
of the plans to do it. With right manage-
ment, a colony that swarms will store more
surplus than one that does not — provided
the swarming is not too late in a honey-
flow. — G. L. Tinker.

The plan is all right, and I think that it
will work well enough, but it is too compli-
cated, I think, for many. I should not like
it myself. If by the plan j/oii can get " all

your colonies to work in .supers," etc., you
should stick to it. — ,1. K. PoNO.

Whether your plan or something similar
will fail or succeed, depends upon climate,
season, etc. Such detail plans as the one
you speak of, belong to a series of a thou-
sand others will all sorts of variations.
Everything depends upon the bees, opera-
tor, location, season, and all that. — James
Heddon.

Your plan will win-k, but the combs will
be mostly drone size, unless you have a
young laying queen, i\\ile to keep the newly-
built combs filled with eggs as fast as built.
Try this plan and report : When a colony
casts a swarm, have a super or hive-body
prepared with five frames filled with foun-
dation (or with starters), the rest of the
space filled out with division-boards. Put
on a queen-excluder, and place the parent
brood chamber on it, with its suj'plus cases
as they were before the swarm issued. Hive
the swarm below, aud when the brood is
all hatched out, extract the honey from the
upper combs, and fill out the brood-nest be-
low, and use the rest where needed. — G.
W. Demaree.

The Doiible-^Valled vs. Single-
Walled Hives.

Written lor the American Bee Journal

Query 693.— 1. Do you use double-walled
or single-walled, hives— that is, walls without
packing? 2. When no packing is used, how
much dead-air space would you give, and what
thickness of lumber would you use for each
wall ? .3. Would you make the bottom-board
double-walled, the same as the sides and ends
of the hive? 4. When kept on the summer
stands the year through, has the double-
walled hive any points of superiority over the
single-walled hive ? If so. what are they ? 5.
What points of superiority has the single-
walled hive over the double-walled hive? 6.
Are the points of superiority of the double-
walled hive sufficient to pay for the extra ex-
pense of construction over the single-walled
hive ?— Ohio.

1. No. 5. Cheapness and convenience. —
K. L. Taylor.

Only single-walled hives are used in this
latitude (Georgia).— J. P. H. Brown.

1. Single-walled hives. I have no experi-
ence with double-walled hives. — J. M. H.iM-

BAUGH.

1. Single-walled hives. 2, 3 and 4. I
never had a double-walled hive. Perhaps
I ought to try one. 5. They are lighter to
move.— C. C. Miller.

1. Single-walled, only. 2. I do no know.
3. No. 4. Yes. 5. It is lighter and more
easily handled. 6. No. — C. H. Dibbern.

1. I use both. 2. One inch dead-air
space, and J-»-inch lumber. 3. Yes. 4.
With me, the bees winter better, and do
better in summer. 6. Yes. — M. Mahin.

1. Single-walled. I winter the bees in
the cellar, and pack with chafi: in the
spring. 3. Yes. 4. Some say yes, and
some no. My experience has been too lim-
ited to be of value. — A. B. Mason.

1. I use both, but prefer the single-walled
hive. 2. About 3 inches; J^ or % lumber,
as preferred. 3. It is better so. 4. Cer-
tainly; they protect from cold and heat. 5.
Cheaper, lighter, and, if well packed, as
good in the spring. 6. I think not. — A. J.
Cook.

1. Mostly double- walled. 2. I use a 5-
inch space filled with fine straw. 3. I do
not. 4. Yes. The bees are protected from
extreme heat and cold. 5. Not any, ex-
cept portability. 6. I think so, or I should
not use them. — G. M. Doolittle.

1. Both. We have some hives with a %-
inch inner wall, %-inch dead-air space, and

■'„ -inch outer wall, aud like them well. 3.
No; and yet it might pay. 4. Yes; that
thin outer wall acts as a i)rotectiou to the
hive against cold winds and very cold
weather. 5. Cheapness. Yes, we think
so.— Dadant & Sox.

I would not use double-walled hives.
They have some great advantages, but the
balance of excellence is with the single-
walled, light-weight hives. My hives, com-
plete, with two supers and hive-stand,
weigh from 30 to 35 pounds each. — J. M.
SuucK.

1. Both. 2. One and one-half to 2 inches;
% inch outside, and J^ inch inside. 3. No.

4. I have found that it has in my locality.

5. It is far cheaper to construct. 6. Not in
my locality ; with proper and the same care
in packing I see no difference. — J. E. Pond.

It will take at least one column to prop-
erly answer this. 1. Single-walled in the
summer, % inch thick. 3. Four inches,
divided ten times by thin partitions of
wood or paper; % inch for the hive, %
inch for the outside of the packing-box. 8.
Single, of %-inch board. 4. Only as pro-
tection from cold in winter nnd spring. 5.
Not space enough to give detail answer. 6.
I do not know. — H. D. Cutting.

1. Single-walled. 2. Seven-eighths-inch
thick ; we winter in the cellar one-half of
our bees, the balance on the summer
stands, with chafT cushions over the frames.

3. I would never make a double-walled
hive. 4. They are warmer in winter, but
the same ends can be obtained more
cheaply in other ways. 5. It takes less
material, is more cheaply made, and more
easily moved. 6. No. — Mrs. L. Harrison.

1. My hive may be used as a double or
single walled hive, but I prefer to winter
bees in the double-walled hive. 2. If I did
not use packing, I would want the hive
made of heavy lumber; but rt.s I use pack-
ing, the outside of my winter case is made
of thin stuff— 5-32 of an inch thick. 3. No.

4. They are better to winter bees in. 5.
Very few. 6. Yes, and many times over,
in my opinion. — G. L. Tinker.

I have in my possession over 50 double-
walled hives, with one inch dead air space,
and though costly hives, they would go
cheap now, if I could dispose of them. To
make the story as short as possible, such
hives do not give satisfaction in my locality
(Kentucky). No doubt they would serve a
better purpose further north, but somehow
or other, my bees build up more rapidly in
single-walled hives, that are easily warmed
by the sun in the early spring, as well as at
intervals in the winter time. — G. W. Dem-
aree.

A single-walled hive, every time. The
bottoms and covers are X-iDf^h thick, sides
?4-inch thick, and ends X-itK^h thick. The
double-walled hive is interior to the single-
walled, if the latter be placed in another
box, and packed during the spring, and in
the winter if wintered out-doors. The sin-
gle-walled hive is the only one fit to use
upon the readily-movable hive plan — the
only plan which can produce honey at
present prices and compete. Double-walled
hives are too great a hindrance to success-
ful modern apiculture, to be worthy of
taking even as a gift. Their day is done. —
James Heddon.

Xlie Report of the proceedings of the
20th annual session of the International
American Bee-Association contains, besides
the interesting report, the new songs and
music then used, and engravings of the
present oflScers as well as the retiring ones.
In all, it contains 36 pages. It is for sale
at this office. The price is 25 cts., postpaid.

182

TmB mimmmi^mm mmM j^'^mmmi^.

COMESPOSDEMCE.

BEES IN" SPRING-.

How to

]VIaiiase Them After
Wintering.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY AILEN LATHAM.

of the Bke Journal
nij' method of winter-

On page 648
for 1889, I gave

ing bees, and said that 1 should have
something further to say in regard to
spring management. By the time this
reaches the readers, it will be time to
look after the bees.

Probably most of the bees through-
out the country have wintered well ;
those which were put up according to
the method given in my former article,
I am sure, are doing well. My 37
colonies are in lirst-class condition.
All who have packed their bees should,
about the middle of March, open the
hives, and make a thorough examina-
tion. If there is plenty of honey, the
frames should be taken out, and the
cappings shaved oif of about 5 pounds
of honey. In my case, as I have but
four frames in the hive in winter, I
spread the brood.

If there is not much honey, you
should proceed as follows : Remove
the frames which have no brood — say
two frames ; lay one in a tub, and fill
it with thin syrup by pouring the syrup
on the comb ; when one side is full,
turn the frame over. There is no
danger that it will run out of the first
side, wile the second side is being
filled. Put about two frames of this
into the middle of the brood-nest, and
you will be agreeably surprised, on
examining them about three weeks
later. This is by far the best method
of spring feeding. It not only furnished
the required food, but stimulates the
bees to rearing brood ; moreover, no
bees are lost by flying out in the cold.

About the first week in April, the
bees are to be overhauled again.
Cushions must be removed, and more
combs added ; the brood-nest should
be divided, and about two combs, with
the cappings sliced off, placed between.
It is not well to leave one comb of
brood by itself, or it may be deserted ;
if two or more are put together, there
is almost no danger of that. If the
hive is populous, it will bear consider-
able brood spreading ; if not populous,
care and judgment should be ex-
ercised.

At this time of opening — say April
5 — it should be seen to, that the colony
has plenty of honey to last until fruit-
bloom. If the apiarist is near his bees,
much will be accomplished through

daily care ; enlai'ging or diminishing
the entrance, and on warm days tak-
ing off the top cushions to let the sun
warm up the hives are useful for pro-
moting brood-rearing. I am 35 miles
from my bees, and do not see them
oftener than once in three weeks.
Nobody else touches them, and so I
have to do the best that I can when I
do get to them.

If the bees have been properly tend-
ed, and have been supplied with both
honey and some substitute for pollen,
if necessary, by the first of May they
are overflowing their hives, and are
ready to carry in the apple-blossom
honey when it comes.

The foregoing directions for spring
management of bees are for hives
packed on the summer stands. I have
never wintered my bees in any other
way, and hence I do not know any-
thing about other methods. I do
know this, though, that weak or strong
colonies can, by reason of careful
packing, be wintered safely, and be
quickly bred up into booming colonies
by the first of May. The packing al-
lows a small colony to cover a large
amount of brood.

One spring I had one colony reduced
to about one pint of bees ; it contained
my best Italian queen. The reason of
their being so weak, was through
faulty fall management, and not from
the effects of wintering. I gave this
small colony daily attention, and kept
the entrance down to a size to admit
one bee at a time. The colonj' re-
ceived no help from other colonies,
and no artificial heat ; but by May 15,
it was a roaring hive, with nine frames
of brood. At one time there were four
frames of sealed brood, and only one
or two bees to every twenty-five cells.
I suppose that the growing brood must
have helped keep up the heat of the
hive. Such a thing would be impos-
sible with an unprotected hive, and
scarcely practicable in the cellar.

The time to remove the packing is
when apple-trees are in bloom.
Cambridge, Mass.

ASSIMILATION.

Sfectar and So-Called
De«v Not Dige§ted by

Honey-
Bees.

Written for the Amerlcayi BceJourtml

BY DE. J. W. M'KINNEY.

It is wonderful, but nevertheless
true, that in matters of politics, re-
ligion and science, an absurdilij how-
ever great, will find believers and ad-
vocates. Therefore we are not so
much surprised to find some believing
and advocating the "digested nectar"
theorj' of Prof. Cook. He said before

the International Convention at Brant>
ford, Ont., '• that honey is, in reality,
digested nectar ;" "that it is in a con-
dition to be assimilated without un-
dergoing any change in the true
stomach." In this he was supported
by Mr. S. Cornell.

This assertion (for it is but an as-
sertion) is made, too, in defiance of
the admitted fact that the nectar as
gathered by the bee, does not -enter the
digestive canal at all. but is received
into a sac, or "honey-bag," situated
above and behind the digestive appara-
tus ; and, while not so remote, it is as
distinct from the digestive organs as is
the pollen-baskets on the bee's hind-
legs.

If the nectar is digested, as Prof.
Cook says, " while in transit from the
field to the hive," it is done outside of
the digestive organs, and in defiance
of all phj'siological laws.

It will not be contended, I presume,
by any one, but what all fluid sub-
stances gathered by the bee, and car-
ried home to the hive, are subjected to
like processes, and are all carried in
this special receptacle for carrying
fluids — the hone3'-bag. Then, if " nec-
tar is digested, and ready for assimila-
tion," all other fluid substances so car-
ried should be ready for assimilation.

Two years ago last September, as,
no doubt, many readers of the Bee
Journal remember, the bees in this
part of the country gathered very
abundantly from the leaves of forest
trees, a very dark, sweetish substance,
called " honey-dew," but in fact it was
the excreta of the aphis. Many colo-
nies of bees had little else to winter
on. Those that could not take fre-
quent flights dui-ing the winter soon
became diseased, and most of them
died ; leaving the front of the hive and
tops of the frames daubed with a dark,
tenacious excreta. If the bees, when
gathering this substance, had "di-
gested" it before depositing it in the
combs, and had it ready for " assimila-
tion," can any one suppose for a mo-
ment that this mortality among the
bees would have resulted ? Instead
of this stuff having been digested be-
fore or after being deposited in the
combs, a great portion of it was found
to be actually indigestible, being a
ligneous, unnutritious substance, to be
got rid of as excrement, and to be
frequently voided as such.

Prof. Cook has well described the
glands situated in the head of the
honey-bee, and, in my judgment, only
misconstrues the function of some of
these complex glands. That these
head-glands furnish largely the fluid
secretions concerned in digesting the
crude substances (honey and pollen)
there is no doubt ; that these secretions
are poured into the digestive canal

T'Ms mimmm.icM.-H mMM j&ummmL,.

183

when the beo takes the crude lioiiej'
and pollen into the stoniaeli, is eiinally
true ; that the substances thus entering
the stomach undergoes the process of
digestion, and is converted into a
white, opake substance, called
"chyme," is certainly true ; and when
brood-rearing is going on, an abun-
dance of this chyme is regurgitated bj-
the nurse-bees into each cell where
there is a larva?, as food to develop
their growth.

Now, right here let me ask, is there
au apiarist in all this broad land, that
ever saw crude honey, or honey and
pollen taken from the cells where it
had been stored, and fed to the larva3,
in the crude state ? Yet we are told
that " honey is ' digested nectar,' readj-
for assimilation !"

Let me now quote from page 831 of
the American Bee Jorrnal for 1889 :
"As is well known, this nectar is
neutral, >and contains cane-sugar."
"Honey is acid, and contains reduci-
ble sugar." From this it follows that
bees do make honey from cane-sugar !
In fact. Prof. Cook has so stated else-
where.

In relation to this matter, let me
state in brief the following experi-
ments, viz :

Bees fed on cane-sugar syrup some
distance from the hive, were allowed
to fill themselves, and when preparing
to return to the hive, they were cap-
tured under a glass vessel, and re-
tained for ten minutes (a much longer
time than it would take them to fl}- a
mile), and then killed ; by carefully
dissecting out and opening the hone)'-
bag, dropping its contents on litmus
paper, we obtained a negative result
as to the presence of an acid. The
same test was applied to the contents
of the honey-bag of other bees imme-
diately after filling themselves with
syrup, with like negative results.

After syrup had been stored in the
hive for several days, and then re-
moved and dropped on litmus paper,
the presence of an acid was plainly
manifest. The same test was then ap-
plied to sjrup left standing in an open
vessel for the same length of time that
the syrup had been stored in the hive,
with the same resulting evidence of
the "presence of an acid.

From'this we conclude that the neg-
ative results of the presence of an acid
obtained in the first two experiments,
was in consequence of the syrup not
having been exposed a sufficient length
of time to the action of the great acidi-
fying element — oxygen.

The acidifying of the syrup deposited
in the combs was no more due to a
secretion of the bee-glands, than was
the presence of the acid in the syrup
left standing in the open vessel. In

l)otli instances it was due to tlic action
of the oxygen in the atmosphere.

It is a recognized fact Ijy chemists,
that all substaiircs contaminr/ saccharine
mailer in a fluid form, contain an acid
in an isomeric form, and needs but the
action of the oxygen of a warm at-
mosphere for a fmv daj's at most, to
make it manifest. This is th(^ plain,
rational explanation of how the acid
is developed in honey. Thus we see
that it is not necessary to look into the
bee, or the bee-glands, to account for
the presence of the acid found in
honey.

Furthermore, if this acid is a secre-
tion of the bees, and to the sweets
gathered, and by the bees added dur-
ing a supposed digesting and refining
process, we would expect all such
sweets to be more uniform in taste,
color, consistence, and ettect as an
aliment, tlian is found to exist. In-
stead of uniformity in these respects,
we find that if the bees gather sweets
from an impure source, that impurity
still exists so long as these sweets re-
main in the combs. We are obliged
to look to the source from whence the
sweet is obtained, if we expect good
honey. The bees cannot make it!

Some look upon this whole thing as
unimportant, and as a matter of in-
difl'erence to be soon forgotten. I do
not think that an error, or ignorance
in anything pertaining to the produc-
tion of honey, should be treated as a
matter of indifl'erence. Be assured, the
more fine nectar-bearing bloom that is
grown, the more and better will be
the production of honey ; and we
should fully recognize the fact that the
source of the best honey is from the
nectaries of the best nectar-bearing
bloom ; that honey will vary in quality
by reason of the source from wlience
it is gathered, and that it is wholly a
vegetable production, and no part an
animal secretion.

Camai-s;o, Ills.

INCREASE .

Hoiv to manage and Control
Increase.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY H. SAWYER.

I feel sure that by boring a 2-inch
hole in a hive that is full of bees, and
put a piece of (|ueen-excluding metal
on the inside of the hive, and then put
an empty hive close beside it, with a
corresponding hole also covered with
queen-excluding metal, the bees will
go through, and be in the empty hive,
and when they ilo, put in a comb of
brood and one or more empty combs,
or frames filled with foundation, next

to it ; and in a day or two utter, pui in
a cpieen-cell, well started or capped,
or nearly ready to hatch. In a few
days there will be another swarm of
biH^s, and where a person is anxious
for increase, by using small hives, say
of about 3 frames, there can be a great
number of colonies made from one in
a short time.

It probably would be well to transfer
them into full-sized hives, in Septem-
ber, to grow up into full-sized colonies
for the next season's regular work ;
and by putting small supers on top of
these small hives, perhaps they would
store a considerable surplus of lioney
besides.

In hives with telescope caps, bore
the holes just the same, and put a
block with a corresponding hole in ; to
fill the space between the two hives
with queen-excluding metal on both
sides of the block, would be just the
thing. Bore the holes all of one size,
and have barrel bungs turned to stop
the holes.when the hives are separated.

It appears to me that here is a plan
to solve a great deal of trouble, in
watching bees at the swarming season;
and, it appears to me, that very likely
there may be secured by this means
some of those great yields of honey
that we sometimes hear of, where bees
are put into a room in a house.

The question is, how to use this plan
where a person has all the bees they
want, and cannot sell the increase that
will naturally arise. From the fore-
going course of procedure, I see no
way but bj' uniting (probablj' the best
time would be in the spring), to reduce
the number, and then each colony
would start in storing, to do rapid
work both in surplus honey and filling
up the empty hives.

Will some practical bee-keeper give
his views on this departure from the
usual methods of managing increase ?

Burlington, Iowa.

BEE-ITEMS.

The "Weather, Honey Almanacs,
Bee-E§capes, Basswood, etc.

Written for the American Bee Journal
BY O. S. C05IPTON.

To-day we are having the worst
snow-storm of the season, but my bees,
packed in 3 to 6 inches of chaff on the
summer stands, are coming through
the winter in splendid condition. They
have had weekly flights all winter, and
brood-rearing is in progress in nearly
every hive.

The past season (as well as the two
previous ones) was a very poor one
for honey or increase of bees, in this
locality, and the average per colony.

184

T'Mm m.'mMmi.^MM mmw jo-ityKifMi,..

spring count, was less than 40 pounds
of honey, and most of it was buck-
wheat and golden-rod.

THE ALMANAC A GREAT AID.

The Honey Almanacs are the " boss"
to build up a home market. I ordered
100 to test the matter, and they just
rolled the orders in. and almost before
I knew it, the crop was sold at good
figures, viz : S cents for buckwheat,
and 10 cents a pound for the ba§swood
honej-, and purchasers furnished the
receptacles. These prices are for ex-
tracted honey, as I produce that, al-
most exclusivelj-.

I also sent a few hundred pounds of
the buckwheat honey to Detroit, to a
commission house, and it netted me 8|
cents per pound ; but bee-keepers must
remember that to get such prices, the
honey must be of tlie very best quality,
in suitable packages for the trade — and
it does not pay bee-keepers to put any-
thing else upon the market.

THE REESE BEE-ESCAPE.

I have used this bee-escape for the
past two seasons, and I should think
seriousl}- of quitting the business if I
should be compelled to do without it,
or some similar contrivance. It is a
great help iu taking oft' comb honey,
and its value in tlie production of ex-
tracted honey is hard to estimate.

DIVISIBLE BROOD-CHAMBER HIVES.

I have had in use since 1886, a few
of the divisible brood-chamber hives,
and words fail to express mj- delight
in the use of them. They are certainly
the best hi^es for comb honey, and my
experience teaches me that they can-
Dot be excelled for the production of
extracted hcjney. I shall use the new
hive exclusively in the near future. I
have never before praised up the ad-
vantages of this hive, because 1 wanted
to be sure, by several years' experience,
that my convictions were not mislead-
ing me.

DESTROYING BASSWOOD TREES.

I, too, protest against the wholesale
destruction of our basswood, and I
would advise bee-keepers who produce
comb honey, to use the white poplar
4-piece section, as being the best,
whitest and neatest section upon the
market. This winter nearly 500,000
feet of basswood logs have been sold
to our sawmill men, and all taken
from my field, so 1 shall have cause
for alarm. I am doing what I can to
counteract the loss, by planting three
and four year old basswood trees, along
our streets and waste-places.

BEE-EXHIBIT AT THE WORLD'S FAIR.

Now that we are going to have the
World's Fair at Chicago, in 1892, I
want every progressive bee-keeper in

the land to make an eftbrt to help the
show along, and we want to make the
grandest display of honey, bees, hives
and fixtures that the world ever saw.
We can do it, and with Dr. Mason to
lead us, there should be nothing left
unturned that would add to the grand
display. Let us hear from Dr. Mason
— what course he intends to pursue,
and then let us all take'a lift at the
wheel, and start it rolling.

Glenwood, Mich., March 4, 1890.

WIDE FRAMES

Defended for their Advantages
Over T Supers, etc.

Written for Vie American Bee Journal
J. V. CALDWELL.

For the last year or more I have
been greatly interested in the discus-
sions ^iro and C071 as to the merits of the
T super, as compared with the old, re-
liable wide frames ; and, indeed, it
seems that unless some one becomes
a champion for our good wide-frame
super, too many of our good bee-
brethren will needlessly destroy the
frames that have done such good ser-
vice, and adopt some new-fangled
super, which will, in the end, give
them no more hone}', and will surely
— it seems to me — give more trouble
in manipulation than our old friend —
the wide frame.

Let us note briefly the claims of the
T super :

First, one special feature is that any
width of the 4Jx4?, sections can be
used ; and, second, that all the sections
can be removed at once. I will not
give any more, but will only say that
using all widths of sections is of no
advantage, in my opinion. I want
just one size of sections, and one size
of hives in my apiary.

The next claim, that the sections can
all be taken out at once, is an objec-
tion to its use, as there often are times
when we want only to remove part of
the sections — especiallj' when only
filled in the centre of the surplus case
— and then we must handle sections
singly ; whereas, with the wide frame,
either four or eight pounds can be
taken out, and an empty frame in-
serted.

Again, the T supers contain too
many loose pieces, as by the simplest
way they are made, the separators are
put in loosely ; while the wide frame
is compact, and has no loose pieces
whatever. The wide frame also pro-
tects tlie sections on all sides from the
bees, and to accomplish the same re-
sult with the supers, a lot of pieces
must be laid on the top and the bottom
of the sections.

Now has the* wide frame any faults ?
It has but one that I know of, and
that is but a slight one, viz : the sec-
tions do not come out so easily ; but I
think that Dr. Miller, who has used
both systems, does not count this an
objection.

If any of the fraternity think dif-
ferently, just let us hear from them.

THE DIBBERN BEE-ESCAPE.

Having just made a close examina-
tion of Mr. Dibbern's improved bee-
escape, I must say that I am greatly
pleased with it, and I think that it is
one of the most useful inventions ever
given to the bee-keeping world. I
have not as yet given it a trial, but
Mr. D. tested it thoroughly the past
season.

I am personally acquainted with Mr.
Dibbern, and know him to be a skill-
ful bee-keeper, producing from five to
ten pounds of comb honej' each season.
He is also a man of the strictest in-
tegrity in every respect.

Cambridge, Ills.

BEES IN WINTER.

The Temperature of Winter
Repositories for Bees.

Written for the American Rural Home

BV L. F. ABBOTT.

When Mr. Langstroth prepared his
celebrated work on the honey-bee, and
which still remains a standard author-
ity of its class, he wrote concerning
wintering: "What way precisely is
the best, can only be determined by
careful and long continued experi-
ments, and yet, these ought not to be
conducted so as to hazard too much in
one venture."

At present we think there is not so
much diversity of opinion in regard to
wintering bees, among practical bee-
keepers, as when Langstroth wrote his
book. What seems to be most neces-
sary in the conditions for successful
wintering, is protection from atmos-
pheric changes. This may be attained
by chaft" hives, or by wintering in the
cellar, or other underground apart-
ment. These conditions also include
colonies that are healthy, strong in
numbers, with an abundant store of
honey ; upward ventilation to the hives,
easy communication from comb to
comb, and if out-of-doors, the hive en-
trances sheltered from piercing winds
and the direct rays of the sun.

For myself, I have had less loss, on
the whole, from cellar-wintering than
wintering bees out-of-doors. This must
include colonies of all sizes and condi-
tions. Wintered in a temperature so
far above freezing as to aft'ord the best
conditions — 38^ to 40^ — there is less

ntmm mjmmmiG'mM mmm jouRNaiL.

185

loss of bees ii: individual numbers ;
less consumption of stores, and in
some instances it has been found tliat
bi'ood-iearing has been carried on in
the cellar where colonies possessed
young and vigorous queens so tliat
such colonies come out as strong in
numbers, if not actually stronger than
when put into the cellar in the early
winter.

This state of things cannot always
be depended upon, however, but ex-
perience seems to have demonstrated
that we may reasonably hope to get
small and rather weak colonies, that
have an ample supply of good quality
of stores in their hives, through to
April in the cellar, when, if wintered
out-of-doors, they would be quite sure
to die.

But given strong, healthy colonies
with plenty of stores, taking into ac-
count the vicissitudes of getting through
the unfavorable weather of April, and
often the first ten days of May, which
tell so unfavorabl}' upon the cellar-
wintered colonies, that it is a question
in mj- mind whether the risk is greater
to winter bees out-of-doors than in a
good cellar.

The experience of the past eight
years has fully satisfied me that a cold
cellar, one in which the mercury drops
to freezing and below, unless kept nj]
by artificial means, is about the worst
place in which to winter bees that
could well be selected.

Another thing is pretty well settled,
and that is, that in our Maine climate,
where the mercury frequentl}- drops
from 15^ to 25° below zero, and con-
tinues for days together at zero and
below, that some more protection to
our hives is needed to winter bees suc-
cessfully out-of-doors, than the ordi-
nary single-walled hive affords. Per-
haps it may not make so much differ-
ence whether the hives are so con-
structed as to afford a dead-air space,
two thicknesses of walls, chaff' or leaf-
lined, or encased with some improvised
outer covering ; the main thing to be
attained is some protection from the
intense cold and the sudden changes
of the atmosphere.

In my experience I have settled
down to this practice : Strong colo-
nies are placed in chaff hives.or single-
walled hives, given protection by pack-
ing in leaves with an outer board cov-
ering, and left on their summer stands.
Weaker colonies — those which may be
regarded as any ways doubtful — are
placed in the house-cellar and kept
there as far into April as they can be
kept quiet.

FAVOKABLE WINTER FOR BEES.

The present winter so far (Jan. 15)
may be considered a favorable one for
bees in this section of the country. The

frequent mild days in Novembc^r and
December gave the bees, where the
liives were on Ihe summer stands,
ample occasion to fly at intervals of
two or three weeks till the middle of
December.

On the 16th of JJovember, bees were
observed entering the hive with pel-
lets of pollen upon the legs, the like
of which I never saw before in an ex-
perience in caring for bees of over
forty years. It is somewhat singular
that flowers should be found that yield
pollen so late in tlie season, but it was
evident from the appearance of the
substance that it was gathered from
charlock, which lias of late years found
its waj' to Maine fields from the West,
in oats and grass seed. This plant
blossoms until snow flies.

Lewiston, Maine.

IfeslerUiiy ii« Past.

Yesterday is dead

And lies at rest.
No breathing stirs

The white robed breast;
The groans and sobbing

Aj'e hushed at last.
Thanks be to heaven !

Such pains are past.

Seek not to rouse

Its unquiet ghost;
Conjure to phantom

Of what is lost;
Come away softly

And make no moan.
Leaving thy perished hope

Dead and alone. — Scrlbner's.

BEE-LEARNING.

Fastening the Bottoni-Boards-
Keeping Tally of Colonies.

Written for the American Bee Journal
BY HENRY STEWART.

It is to the investigations and teach-
ings of others that we are all indebted
for the most of wdiat little we know ;
the wisest and most learned in the
apiarian sphere have only become
such by gathering up the littles which
have been first studied out by the
myriads, and refuting, improving and
weaving these into a net-work which
the possessor chooses to boast of as the
knowledge of his experience, but
which in reality is in the main but a
rehash of the experience of others.
Each of us should be only too glad to
contribute our mites to the great
store-house of knowledge when oppor-
tunit}' presents itself.

In my last year's experience with
bees, I have learned much from the
pens of others, as well as a few things
from my own investigations, and a
couple of these I will describe.

FASTENINU MOVABLE BOTTO.M-liOAUlJS.

About a year ago I purchased a few
colonies of bees in hives with loose
bottom-boards, which I desired to
move five miles by wagon, and how to
fasten tliose pesky bottom-boards witli-
out driving the hives full of nails, was
the question which I soon solved, Ijy
the use of the common butter-tub
staple, which I found to be just the
tiling in the riglit place. Not only did
I find tliat staples were useful in this
instance, but 1 fastened on all the
Ijottom-boards of my new hives with
tliem, using one at each corner, thus
making a bottom-board which is per-
feetlj' solid, and holds the hive true
and firm, j-et one that can be easily
and quickly removed by the use of a
chisel in prying out the staples.

TALLY' FOR SURPLUS-HOKEY CHAMBER.

The other discovery is a •■ tally" for
indicating the condition of the surplus
chambers during the working season.
This is a very simple device, but it is
practical, and I prize it highly. It is
absolutely necessary to become better
acquainted with the condition of a
large yard full of bees, than the mem-
ory of the average bee-keeper will per-
mit of. I have tried several different
ways of keeping these records, but I
found them very unsatisfactory until I
found this one, which is simply as fol-
lows :

1 cut a small circle with a lead-
pencil on the side or end of the hive.
This is the tally-board, and for tallies
I use, little, sharp brads, and small
bits of diffei'entlj'-colored paper. I use
the paper to indicate the date when
the hive was last examined, and the
position of the brad in the circle.

To note the condition of the surplus-
chamber the first week in the month,
I use simply a brad without paper ; the
second week I use a brad on which is
a small bit of red paper ; the third
week the brad with white paper ; and
the fourth week, blue paper.

A brad placed on the circle indicates
that the observation was taken in the
middle of the week ; on the outside of
tlie circle the first, and on the inside
of the circle, the last of the week.

A brad on top of the circle, indi-
cates an empty chamber ; at the bot-
tom, half full ; and half way between
these, either :t or J full. So in walk-
ing through m)- apiary the third week
in the month, I observe a hive with a
red paper at the J point ; I know that
chamber was f full, and, if ready, I
give them a new case ; I change the
paper to a white one, and place it on
top of the circle.

With this method, one has only to
glance at a hive to know if it is in need
of his inquisitive eye, or not.

Prophetstown, Ills.

1»6

Tmm MME-Ric:s,p« mmw j@wmhmi*.

BEE-HIVES.

Their Const ruction for Siiiiplic-
it}*, Utility and Cheapness.

Written for the American Bee Journal
BY SMITH & SMITH.

It Tvas said by a correspoiuleut in
the American Bee Journal, a sliort
time ago, that the "coming hive" was
one that wouUl take a standard Lang-
stroth frame in size, with a wide, stiti'
top-bar ; and a hive that would give
the best results, and cost the least
money — or words to that eifect. We
agree with this correspondent, and as
there has been much said both ^jj'o and
C071 about wide top-bars, we wish to
give our views of the subject.

After using a top-bar 1 7-16 inches
wide, for 19 years, we know that, if
properly made, they will almost in-
variabl}- prevent brace-combs.

We will describe the hive and top-
bars, as we think they should be made,

and to aid in making it plain, we here
present an illustration of the hive and
super.

We call this " The Poor Man's Lang-
stroth Hive " on account of its cheap-
ness, which is obtained by its simple
construction, and doing away with
everything not absolutely necessary.

The engraving represents a li-story,
8-frame, Langstroth hive for comb
honey ; the top raised above the hive
being a sujjer, the same as the one at
the left, and has a plain board top or
cover. The size of the brood-chamber
is 20j^xl3fx9j inches, outside measure,
with scant f-inch bee-space above the
brood-frames.

The super is the same size as the
brood-chamber, but is only 4J inches
deep, and it also has a bee-space
above the sections. The edges of the
hive and super are all square, and rest
squarely upon each other, to do away
■with all dummies, false ends, section-
holders, etc. We use a combined
wood-and-tin T, and as the supers are
rabbeted at the top, the same as the
hive, and the T being A inch wide,
there is good finger room to handle the
sections. A T is also used between
the rows of sections at the top. to pre-
vent the sections from racking or get-
ting out of shape. When the sections
are tilled, they are perfectly square.

The frame is the standard Lang-
stroth, except the top-bar is 1 7-lG
inches wide, and ^ of an inch thick
down to the square. By looking closely
at the end-bar. standing at the left of
the super, it will lie seen that it is V-
shaped, but the V is not as wide as the
bar. Right here is one of the advan-
tages of it — the bar proper being 1 7-
16 inches wide, and the V only 9-16 of
an inch wide, we have a tiat square on
either side of the V, of ]- inch. When
the comb is built out, it is not as wide
as the top-bai', and the bees are not in-
clined to draw it out and over the
square edge of the bar, as they do
where the V is the full width of the
bar, giving a slanting edge to run
over. Do all see the point ? With
the use of this top-bar, there will be
no brace-combs, hence there is no
need of a honey-board.

As we stated at the beginning, we
have used this width of top-bar for 19
years, and we have had no use for a
honey-board in our apiary, nor have
we been troubled with brace-combs,
and in all of these hives use by others,
not one word of complaint have we
heard about brace-combs ; and a honey-
board has never been used on one of
the hives, to our knowledge.

The points of cheapness are these :
There are no honey-boards, no extra
supers, crates andsection-liolders ; and
no outside covers, or bands for tiering
up, etc. There is nothing to get but
the brood-chamber, an 8-frame super,
and the sections, when you have a
complete hive, and one that will give
the best of results for either comb or
extracted honey.

Two supers will make a brood-cham-
ber, and can be used for extracting
from, or one brood-chamber may be
jjlaced one on the other.

We do not wish to be understood
that we think this is the "coming hive,"
but we do say that it is a very near
relative to it, on account of its cheap-
ness, simple construction, and good
qualities.

HONEY.

Its Oreat Talue as Food and
medicine.

Written for theAmeHcan Bee Journal

BY REV. STEPHEN ROESE.

In early days, honey was of more
value as food and medicine, than at
pi-esent ; during the Old Testament dis-
pensation, honey is spoken of with
great praise. Palestine — the land
promised to the descendants of Abra-
ham— was said to be the land where
milk and honey floweth ; David, the
sweet singer, knew of no better illus-
tration than to compare the; precimis-

ness of the word of Jehovah, to honey
and the honey-comb ; and as a proof
that ancient Israel made use of honey
as food, we read that Samson, Jona-
than, and John the Baptist ate it, the
latter subsisting wholly on locusts and
wild honey.

With ancient Greece, honey as food
and medicine was highly thought of,
for they considered it as the food of
their gods (Ambross), and even Zeus,
who was trained and instructed bj' the
honey-nymph, Melissa (according to
their saj'ing), understood the art of
mixing honey-drinks, to put his father
Chronos to sleep, before he would at^
tempt to attack him ; and the ancient
Greeks claimed that honey originated
in Heaven, and that it came from
thence in the form of dew — that it was
too precious to be produced by bees.

According to Diodas, of Sicily. honey
constituted a staple article of food in
Italy ; they claimed, even, that it pro-
longed life, and prevented disease.
Enormous quantities of honey were
used in that country, and all sorts of
fruits were by it preserved, and eata-
bles and drinks sweetened.

Even the powerful ancient Teutons
(Germans), who did not know how to
make their eatables palatable (like the
ancient Greeks and Romans) with
honey, yet they understood, and knew
how to value honey in the preparation
of their national drinks (Met) ; and on
all occasions, at their festivals, they
drank freely, and felt themselves
translated into Wallhalla (the region
of perfect bliss), and great quantities
they must have prepared and always
had on hand, for when, in the year
1015, at Meisen, the enemy had set fire
to the city, and water being scarce in
the city, they extinguished the flames
with Met. According to Rheinish
legends, the Schceffen (Justice of the
Peace), had at every day of each court
sessions, a pail of honey-wine placed
in his office, so full that a fly sitting
on the edge of the bucket, could drink
out of it. But enough of this.

Honey during the past ages, con-
stituted a staple article as food and
medicine, and much more so than in
our days, and what is the cause ? The
lirst cause is the immense manufactur-
ing of cane-sugar, which has found its
w.ay to every family of the land ; and
although honey is on a level with it in
price, yet the latter is crowded out.

Second, the immense manufacturing
of vegetable sugar, from the sugar-
beet, to the finest apple jelly, and
their manufactured sweets combined,
have nearly banished honey from every
hearth ; and as medicine, honey has
been substituted by glycerine, etc.

The ancient Romans knew that
honey was a great preventive of dis-
ease, and an inqiortant medicine for

TME mJSHBUlCRH BEE; JQURNaJL.

187

epidoniic iliscases. Experience and
medical skill is teacliinj,^ tiie present
population of this world, willi still
more force, that honey is forming- the
connecting link in Nature's remedies,
which none other of Nature's products
can do ; and, consequentlj-, a large field
lies here open for honey, as the sole
agent which no other product can fill.

The writer keenly asserts, that there
is no better remedy in the kitchen,
drug-store, or in any school, which can
fill the place of honey in cases of
croup, diphtheria, La Grippe, bronchial
aftection, asthma, consumption, and
all diseases of the blood and bowels.

When during the pilgrimage to
Mecca, a dreadful epidemic raged —
where millions were in camp around
the city of Mecca, thousands died
daily, and physicians and their medi-
cines proved of no avail, a messenger
came hastily to the prophet, saying,
" The faithful are dying by thousands
daily." The prophet answered, "Tell
the people to eat honey." The same
messenger came again, saying, "The
faithful are alive, and dead," in one
minute ; and the physicians declared
the epidemic uncontrollable. "Tell
the people," the prophet replied, " to
eat honey ;" and again the messenger
returned, saying to the prophet, "The
pilgrims are falling like snow-flakes."
" Once for all." replied the prophet,
angrily, " tell the people to eat honey,
and honey alone, as medicine !"

The writer takes liberty here to say,
that by his experience and observa-
tion, honey has proved in all cases
what is claimed for it as a remedy for
worms, a relief for constipation, an in-
vigorator of the blood, and a regulator
of the liver and bowels ; and there is
no better way to bring these truths be-
fore the public, and place honey on its
former standard, height and level,
than the broadcast scattering of the
Honey Almanac.

The writer never made free use of
honey until the Honey Almanac claimed
it to give warmth to the system, for
elderly people ; and having sufl'ered
for over three years past from cold
feet, poor circulation, and an irregu-
lar pulse, I made it a practice to use
it freely, and on every morning, the
first thing I would take a cup of hot
water with a spoonful of honey diluted
and taken as hot as could be drank,
and the same at retiring at evening,
and the result has been a marvelous
cure. The temperature below zero this
winter is not dreaded like it was when
the writer called at the Bee Jouknal
office three winters ago, nearly frozen,
sick, and poorly looking, expecting a
home soon with those residing in
graveyards ; and a gain of flesh from
143 to 153 pounds tells the story of all.

Maiden Rock, Wis.

4:4»\VI::.\TI<>\ MIKKCTORV.

1890. Time (111(1 itldce of ynccliiKj.

.Miir. 2C1.— Carulina, iit cliarldUe. N. <:.

N. 1". lyjies, Sec, Deritu, N. V.

April 16, 17.— Miwsimri State, at Marshall. Mo.

J. vv. House, Sec Santa Ke, Mo,

May l.~Southwestern Wisconsin, at Boscohel. Wis
Benj E nice, Sec BoBc-obel, Wis.

May 3,— Susquehanna Co., at Hrjpbottom, Pa.

H. M. Seeley. Sec, Hurtord, Pa.

May 7, 8.— Texas State, at Greenville, Tex.

,1. N, Hunter, aec , Celeste, Tex,

May 19.— Northern Illinois, at Rockford. Ills.

D. A. Fuller, Sec, Cherry Valley, Ills.

Xlie Union and Its ^Vork.

In regard to the officers elected for the
ensuing year, I am very much pleased, as
I think that the Bee-Keepers' Union has
done a great work for the bee-keepers of
the ditJ'erent States. I hope that the work
may grow in interest until every bee-keeper
in the United States will become a member.
I think that It is a grand movement, and
all should become more interested in the
work.

I have 47 colonies of bees, packed in chaff
hives, which seem to be wintering nicely
so far. My crop of honey for 1889 was
1,950 pounds of e.xtracted, and 150 pounds
of comb honey, from 39 colonies, spring
count. MiLO George.

Bowling Green, O., March 3, 1890.

Wintering; Itees.

It seems to me that bees would winter
better near the ground, but experience says
such is not always the case. I have a col-
ony of bees upstairs in the gable-end of a
shop, about 14 feet from the ground, that
came out as strong last spring as any colony
in the apiary; the hive is on a shelf, with
the entrance through to the outside ; this
same colony was the first to carry in flour
about a week or ten days ago. As the
weather was so nice, and the bees inclined
to borrow honey without leave, I thought
that artificial pollen would give the bees
something to do. I have noticed that bees
that winter in trees, come through some-
times in as good condition as in the best
chafif hives. I remember one, in particular
— a tree that I helped a neighbor cut down,
and transferred the bees to Langstroth
frames, two years ago the tenth of last
May, or a little later. The bees were about
30 or 40 feet from the ground, and the
combs were 73.1 feet long, well filled with
honey, brood and pollen, and a great lot of
bees. C. A. Bunch.

Nye, Ind., March 23, 1890.

Xlie ^lana^enievt of Bees.

In the fall of 1886 I bought 1 colony of
bees in a box-hive, and during the winter I
read all the works on bees that I could get
hold of, including a year's numbers of the
American' Bee Journal, which a subscriber
was good enough to lend me. In May I
transferred the bees to movable frames,
made them into 4 colonies by division, and
they stored 60 pounds of honey, besides
getting enough to winter on. The next
year I bought an Italian queen, and reared
nine from her. On Oct. 1, I had 14 good
colonies of bees, 200 pounds of honey in
one-pound sections, besides a lot of brood-
frames full of honey — perhaps 135 pounds.

In ISH9 I iiicieased my apiary to 21 colo-
nics, tooli H(H| iiounds of honey in one-
pound sectioii.s, and a lot in brood-frames.
I jiractice tiering up ; put separators on the
first case of sections, and none in any of
the others. I sometimes have a little
trouble to get the bees to work in the sec-
tions, l)ut I do no not let up on them until
they do. If a colony casts a swarm, take
out four of the fullest frames of brood, put
empty frames in their place, and put them
back on one hive. I fill the brood-chamber
with combs full of honey, and put a case of
jiartly drawn sections on, when they have
them filled in two days. I winter the bees
in the cellar, and have yet to lose my first
colony. Geo. T. Gl'nn.

Wall Lake, Iowa, March 3, 1890.

My Experience -with Bees.

I began in the spring of 1887 with 6 col-
onies of pure Italian bees in old-fashioned
hives. I bought new Langstroth hives, but
did not get any swarms, and but 175
pounds of surplus honey. In the spring of

1888 1 bought 6 more Italian colonies, at a
sale, all in the old Langstroth hives ; I in-
creased them to 26, and in the spring of

1889 1 put on the summer stands 20 strong
colonies, which I increased to 38 that sea-
son, and sold over 1,200 pounds of honey
in one and two pound sections, and we
have honey on the table every day — the
healthiest spread for children that I know
of. I had been keeping bees in Iowa untO
late last fall, when I moved to this State,
and will try the business here. I think
that bees will do well here, for we have
plenty of maple and basswood. I think that
the Americ.vn Bee Journal is a grand
teacher to all bee-keepers. I was asked
quite frequently what was the cause of all
the bees dying, yet having plenty of honey.
By inquiring, I found that the bees had the
diarrhea, and the honey which the bees
had eaten, had been frozen. I lost several
colonies by the same cause last spring. In
this State every one leaves the bees on the
summer stands the year round; some
packed with chaff, and some are not
packed. J. S. Ptfer.

Salem, Nebr., March 3, 1890.

Hard to Keep Bees 4(ni«t.

We put about 100 colonies into the cel-
lar, and have had some trouble to keep
them quiet. Some colonies have thrown
out some brood. We like the Bee Journal
and the Home Journal very much, and
their general circulation would do great
good. S. P. Heacock.

Dudley, Iowa, Feb. 28, 1890.

Ho^v a Boy Cures Bee-Stin&fs.

On page 124, I read a letter telling bow
to cure bee-stings. I am only a little boy,
but I know what it is to be stung by bees.
My Pa keeps bees, and I help him to take
care of them. I am generally bare-footed
in swarming-time, and am quick on foot
when they begin to crawl up my pant's-
legs, and sting. My cure for stings is
lemons. Take a fresh lemon, pare, and
press the juice on the sting, and it will stop
the pain, and keep the swelling down. Or
take flour and honey, and make a paste,
and bind it on the sting.

I do not take the Bee Journal, but my
Pa does, so I have the pleasure of reading
it, and I like it very much. Pa's bees are
wintering nicely. We have had a pleasant
winter so far, with very little snow. I wOl
be old enough to vote in eleven more years,
then I will try to keep bees and write for
the Bee Jouh'nal. Worthy E. Stoner.

Atlantic, Iowa, March 4, 1890.

188

TH© MMEmic^ff mmm jO'URNJtii,,

Hive>Entraiice!« and Veulilulioii.

I would like to ask the readers of the Bee
JouuN'AL, how they close the main entrance
to hives in moving them from one place to
another, in and out of the cellar; and close
them in the spring and fall when the sun
shines, and ret the air and ground is so
cold that if the bees leave the hive, they
will chill and die before reaching the hive
again, this being one cause of spring
dwindling. In short, we often wish to
close the hive, and yet want ventilation
from the main entrance.

Berlin. Wis. A. N. DeGkoff.

Xlie WeatUer au«I Ilee-Koepiiig.

The weather has Vieeu very warm here,
but it has "caught cold," and has been
very cold for the last twelve days, being at
zero and 1.D degrees below. The wind has
been in the northwest for some time. To-
day it is a little warmer, and the wind is
in the south. On Feb. IS I put 4 colonies
out of the cellar, and let them have a good
flight. I have made a pair of comb founda-
tion molds, and they work splendidly.
They are 11x11 inches. I can make foun-
dation enough in one day, to put into 3,000
sections, and the foundation is very nice.

C. A. GOODELL.

nies will find profitable employment over
at Mr. Afflerbaugh's, in carrying off the
stores which the poor Italians had worked
so hard to gather from the flowers which
Caruiolans had first visited.

But now, seriously, are Carniolans given
to robbing the weaker races S No, sir! I
need not attempt to explain what causes
led to the robbery in the above instance,
but from my experience with from 50
to 100 colonies of Carniolans for the past
five years, I am sure that they are less
given to robbing than any other race. For
ten years previous my apiary consisted of
the same number of Italian colonies, and I
am very positive that I then had more
trouble with robbing than since. I believe
that I was the first to make the claim that
" Caruiolans were most exempt from rob-
bing of any known race," and now that
claim is made good, by a very extended ex-
perience. Let us have more reports of this
new, conquering race.

Oxford, Pa. S. W. Morrison, M. D.

4iiatUering; Houey in Florida.

Our bees are gathering honey ^et from
the willow, and also from the huckleberry.
Orange trees are budding out very fast,
with a few blooms open, but the harvest
will not commence before March 1. Pros-
pects were never better than at this time,
for a fine honey season here. The saw
palmetto is budding out very prolificly,and
will be, from present indications, earlier
than usual. There are thousands of acres
all along the river, back of the swamp.
We are satisfied that there are no better
places than along the river here for honey.
We will extract, the coming week, to get
all the combs clean of mixed honey, so as
to get the orange honey in all its purity.
The weather is extremely fine and pleasant.
JriHN Crayokaft.

St. P'rancis, Fla., Feb. 15, 1890.

Tlic Lia»«t Sea»«on's Results.

I commenced the spring of 1889 with 28
colonies, increased them to 48, by natural
swarming, and took otf 3,800 pounds of
comb honey in one-pound sections, and 700
pounds of extracted houey. I sold most of
the comb honey at 10 cents, and the ex-
tracted honey at 8 cents per pound. This
made an average of 125 pounds to the
colony, and when sold it brought *12. 00,
making, in even numbers, $336 for the
year 1889. Bees were put into the cellar
in good condition. Clark Pembekton.

La Moille, Iowa, Feb. 38, 1890.

upon the minds of my customers that the
gi'anulation of honey is in accordance with
nature, and also, inform them how to re-
duce it to the liquid state without destroy-
ing its natural flavor. Of course, some
people claim that my honey is not pure —
but •' all the same," the large majority of
my customers prefer the honey to be granu-
lated, and I shall not make any attempt to
keep them from enjoying their preference,
but shall go straight ahead in the line sug-
gested by Mr. Demaree.

As to the style of package, I find that tin
pails with tight covers, not " strictly air-
tight," holding respectively 6^.2 to 35
pounds of honey, are verj' desirable sizes.
I retail 61., pounds of extracted honey for
.?1.00, and 25 pounds for -^S.OO.

Bees are wintering in fine condition, and
the prospect for a large crop of clover honey
the coming season is very good.

Fancy Prairie, Ills. P. J. Exgland.

tiatlierins- Pollen Early.

Yesterday was one of the warmest and
finest days for winter ever known in this
vicinity — the mercury being 69 degrees in
the shade. Bees were out very lively, and
and bringing in pollen in great quantities,
and large pellets at that. This is the ear-
liest known at least for 18 years, since I
have kept bees. For bees to bring in pol-
len in the winter, is something remarkable
in this section — 60 miles north of New York
city. The earliest I had known was on
March 6, some years ago. The bees have
had many flights this winter, and of course
they have wintered well out-of doors on
the summer stands. M. D. Dubois.

Newburgh, N. Y., Feb. 37, 1890.

An Experience Milh Bees.

I had one colony of bees from the fall of
1888, which wintered all right, and I
bought 3 colonies of hybrids in the spring
of 1889, for A9.00. I took about 80 pounds
of comb honey, and have 6 colonies in win-
ter quarters. One swarm left me, and
another good colony was destroyed by the
hogs entering the bee-yard. My good wife
died last year, leaving me, and one daugh-
ter 6 years old. I am 36 years old, and
feel lonesome. Fued Vollmanx.

Monroe, Wis., Feb. 26, 1890.

Carniolan Bees and Robbinsr.

Mr. N. W. Afllerbaugh, on page 134, re-
ports that he had a colony of Carniolan
bees last season that were very prolific,
very good workers, and fiUed the surplus
boxes rapidly, but which made a general
raid on his Italian colonies as soon as a
hone}' -dearth came on, " passing in and out
of every hive that he had on the place. . . .
In the morning they would be up before
the Italians." etc. Surely, a splendid testi-
monial for Carniolans, and 3'et, by a
strange process of reasoning, Mr. Afller-
baugh decides to destroy the stronger race,
and save the weaker. It is a pity, for the
weak is very commendable, but I hope that
Mr. A. will not always carry out his idea to
destroy the stronger. When Mr. A's neigh-
bor gets a few Carniolan queens, his colo-

Cold M^eatlier— RobbinsT*

The cold wave has struck this village, and
the ground is covered with snow, while the
wind is coming from the northwest freez-
ing cold. The probabilities are that all man-
ner of small fruits are killed in the buds.
My bees are in good condition for spring
work. I have been feeding them on honey
and rye flour. The combs are well fllled
with brood in all stages, from the egg to
the full-grown bee emerging from the cells.
Last Monday was a warm day, the sun
shining brightly, and the bees were out in
full force, busy carrying pollen and honey
which they gathered from the bloom of the
maples; but they have retired again to
winter quarters, and utterly refuse to do
any outdoor work until fair weather. Last
spring one of my colonies made an attempt
to rob another; I move the hives inhabited
by the contending bees, placing each on the
stand previously occupied by the other.
Each colony immediately settled down to
business, and gave me no further trouble.
LoDowicK D. Henderson.
Staunton, Ills., Feb. 38, 1890.

A.

Oranulated Extracted Honey,

On page 133 of Gleanings, Mr. J.
Buchanan, a very successful seller of ex-
tracted honey, and, I presume, an expert
in the production of the same, advised this
in a recent bee-paper; "adding something
to the honey that will retain it in the liquid
state." In opposition to this, Mr. G. W.
Demaree, on page 1 17 of the Bee Journal,
says that the granulation of honey "should
be accepted as a matter in course, and the
minds of bee-keepers should Vie directed
towards the best methods of handling and
popularizing the article."

I make the production of extracted houey
a specialt}', and am often compelled to buy
honey in order to supply the demand. I
never attempt to keep my honey from
granulating — but I do endeavor to impress

Easily Poisoned by Bee-Stingps.

I am a sort of assistant bee-keeper to my
wife, who has been engaged in the business
the past two seasons. I would enjoy it
tolerably well, were it not for some of the
peculiar eccentricities of the bees. They will
just " go for" me, while they will treat my
wife with considerable deference. There is
poison lurking in the "hive and honey-bee"
for me. I am very susceptible to poison
from sumac and ivy, as well as from bee-
stings. Sometimes slight stings, even on
my hands, will result in the swelling of my
eye-lids, accompanied with a burning, itch-
ing sensation about the eyes, as well as
other parts of the body, producing very
nearly the same effect as poisoning from
sumac. I was poisoned this winter, with
the same effect as from bee-stings, while
cleaning the propolis from sections. Can
some of the bee-fraternity tell me whether
propolis is a poisonous substance ! or was
this particular propolis gathered from some
poisonous plant f

We are wintering some of our colonies on
the summer stands, packed in old boxes
with planer shavings, and they are appar-
ently doing well. We put the remaining
colonies into the cellar about the middle of
November, some of them going in rather
light in stores. The cellar is warm and dry,
being affected, to some extent, from the
heat of a furnace in another part of the
cellar. The bees have been very restless
all winter, and have come out of the hives
in large numbers and died. Some are now
in fair condition, while other colonies have
consumed their stores, and have to be fed.
One colony died, with candy (made accord-
ing to the recipes in the Bee Journal) over
the cluster. I think that it was too hard.
Two colonies showed signs of diarrhea, and
we took them out for a flight ou a warm
day, which proved an effectual remedy.
We could not keep bees without the Ameri-
can Bee Journal. Asa Morse.
Stanton, Mich., March 4, 1890.

frmm mmimRicKn bb» joisrhsiu.

189

^^.^5MI3e]^OA|^,^^

A^^

ALFRED H. r«EYVJUAI\,

BUSINESS MANAGER.

CZZZXZZXZZZZXXZZZXZZZZXZZZZXZZZZZl

' Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should notify us at once.

my Money in Potatoes, by Mr. Joseph
Greiner. Price, 25 cents, postpaid. For sale
at this office.

11^" Send lis one WEW subscriber, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
I?ocket Dictionary.

J^'" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

H^" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.

I^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

It^" Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

11^" Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jour-
nal at 5)1.85 for the two; or with both our
Home Journal and Bee Journal for $2.50
for all three papers.

Jt^" As there is another firm of "Newman

& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes

get mixed. Please write A.m,erican Bee

Journal on the corner of your envelopes to

ave confusion and delay.

^^ Systematic work in the Apiary will
vay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
/rifling. Prices :

For .iO colonies (130 pages) Jl 00

" 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 25

•• 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

E^" When talking about Bees to your
fi-iend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book,
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

m^" We oflfer the Monthly Philadelphia
Fa/rm Journal, and either the American
Bee Journal or Illustrated Home Jour-
nal for one year, for the small sum of $1.20.
Or, we will qlve it free for one year to any
one who will send us one new subscriber for
either of our Journals with $1.00 (the sub-
scription pricej .

Wo Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the jiriees quoted in the I,ASI'
column. The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be .sent
with each order fur another paper or book:

Price of bnlh. Club.
The American Bcc .Tournal SI 00

and Gleanings iu liee-Culture 2 00 175

Bce-Keepors' Guide 150. .. 140

Bce-Kcfpcrs' Keview 150 140

The Apk-ultui'ist 175 105

lieo-Kcfpors' Advance 150 140

(Janadlau iJce .Tournal 2 00 ... 1 80

The 7 above-name J papers 5 25 5 00

and Langstroth Revised (Dadant) .3 00 2 75

Cook's Manual (1887 edition) 2 25.. . 2 00

Quinby's New Bee-Keeping. 2 50 2 25

Doolittle on Queoa-Kearing. 2 00 175

Bees and Honey (Newman).. 2 00 175

Binder for Am. lice Journal. 160 150

Dzierzon's Bee-Hook (cloth). .3 00.... 2 00

Hoot's A U C ( .f Bee-Culture 2 25.... 2 10

Farmer's Aeeount Book 4 00 ... 2 20

Western World Guide 150.... 130

Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150 140

A Year Among the Bees 1 75 1 50

Convention Haud-Book 150. ..130

Weekly Inter-(Jeean 2 00 175

Toronto Globe (weekly) 200..., 170

History of National Society. 150 125

American Poultry Journal.. 2 25 150

Convention Notices.

B^~ The epriDg meeting of the Northern IllinoiB
Bee-Keepers' Association, will meet at the residence
of D. A. Fuller, in Cherry Vallev, Ills., on May Uith.
1890. b. A. Fuller, Sec.

US'" The next regular meeting of the Pouthwea-
tern Wisconsin Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held at Boscobel, Wis., on Thursday, May 1, lf^9U,
at 10 a.m. Benj. B. Rice, Sec.

tt^^" The 12th annual session of the Texas State
Bee-Keepers' Association, will be held at Green-
ville, Uunt Co., Texas, on May 7 and h, isgo. All in-
terested are invited. J. N. Hunter, Sec.

Q^W~ The spring meeting of the Missouri State Bee-
Keepers' Association, will be held at Marshall, Saline
Co., Mo., on Wednesday and Thursday, April 16 and
17, Lsye. in the County Court Room. Reduced rates
at the hotel, for bee-keepers, have been secured, and
a committee is at work to secure rates on the rail-
roads. A cordial invitation is extended to bee-keep-
ers everywhere, and especially to those of Mipsouri.
A number of essays from prominent bee-men are
expected, and an interesting time is anticipated.
J. W. Rouse, sec.

A New Method of Treating Disease.

HOSPITAL REMEDIES.

What are they i There Is a new departure
in the treatment of disease. It consists in
the collection of the specifics used by noted
specialists of Europe and America, and
bringing them witliin the reach of all. For
instance, the treatment pursued by special
physicians who treat indigestion, stomach
and liver troubles only, was obtained and
prepared. The treatment of other physi-
cians, celebrated for curing catarrh, was
procured, and so on till these incomparable
cures now include disease of the lungs,
kidneys, female weakness, rheumatism and
nervous debility.

This new method of " one remedy for one
disease " must appeal to the common-sense
of all sufferers, many of whom have experi-
enced the ill ellects, and thoroughly realize
the absurdity of the claims of Patent
Medicines which are guaranteed to cure
every ill out of a single bottle, and the use
of which, as statistics prove, lias ruined
more stomachs than alcohol. A circular
describing these new remedies is sent free
on receipt of stamp to pay postage, by
Hospital Remedy Company, Toronto, Can-
ada, sole proprietors.

51D26t Imly.

WONDERFUL

Nearly every one \h familiar witli th(? name, hut
it li:t;< heen fMtiuiated that tni\y orif in everv 2H*)
ttiTHini>* in tlic I'liiit'fl States Ih lortun:tto enonVh to
liave atccss io tin- valuahie information c<inlalne(l
within the cover.s ul the iiramJcst work ever written
by mortal man - WEBSTER S UNABRIDGED

DICIIONAIIY. Tliat this is an unfortunate state of
affairs will l»e a<iinittefl by all. anrt It is due to the
laet that no one wave the rich could afford theni.

The Dietinnary is a neceHsity in every home, sclioftl
and buainesB-house. It fills a vaeancv and furnishoH
knowledge which no 1(_mj volumes of the choicest
books could suriply. and all. younj; or old. educated
or ignorant, rich or poor, should have it within reach,
and refer l«i its contents every day in the year.

The "Loom is Re-print" contains all the matter as
compiled and urratiKed by ouresteenied and honored
author and stateBraan— Noah Webster. About 40
years of his lite was devoted to this ^reat work and
when we consider the fact that this book contains
about 100,000 words with their correct spelling,
derivation and definition, we will appreciate that
these years must have been well spent.

Some idea of the magnitude of this book may be
gained from the fact that it contains over 44o cubic
inches of paper, and has about yoo,oiMt square inches
of printed surface. This is a cheap, re-print edition
without illustrations.

In addition to the loo.ooo words, it contains a
portrait of the author, together with his biography,
and a valuable table of 12,000 synonymous words,

OUR SPECIAL OFFER

For this valuable Dictionary is as follows :
We will club it with this Journal one year
—both for *3.25. Or, we will sell the
Dictionary alone for $2.50. Or, we will
PUESENT it to anyone who gets up a club of
10 NEW subscribers to either or both of our
Journals, and sending us $10.00 to pay for
them.

These prices are for the Dictionary
delivered at the Express Office in this City,
or packed with other goods.

We will send it, post-paid, to the destina-
tion for 68 cents additional.

This immense book, wrapped for mailing,
weighs 8i.< pounds.

THOS. G. NEWMAN A: SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO. ILL.

Uoolittle on 4tueen-Reariii;;p.

Queens can be reared in the upper stories
of hives used for extracted honey, where a
queen-excluding honey-board is used, which
are as good, if not superior, to Queens
reared by any other process ; and that, too,
while the old Queen is doing duty below,
just the same as though Queens were not
being reared above. This is a fact, though
it is not generally known.

If you desire to know how this can be
done— how to have Queens fertilized in up-
per stories, while the old Queen is laying
below— how you may safely introduce any
Queen, at any time of the year when bees
cay fly— all about the different races of
bees — all about shipping Queens, queen-
cages, candy, for queen-cages, etc.— all
about foi-ming nuclei, multiplying or unit-
ing bees, or weak colonies, etc. ; or, in fact
everything about the queen-business which
you may want to know, send for " Doolit-
tle's Scientific Queen-Rearing;" a book of
170 pages, which is nicely bound in cloth,
and as interesting as a story. Price, $1.00.

190

THi^ mM.mmiQM.M mmm jQumfimi^,

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

DENVER. March S.— 1-lb. sections, 13(3 15c.;
E.rtracted, 7@8c. There is suBicieot comb
honey to suppl.v the market till the new crop
arrives. Beeswax. 20@25c.

J. M. CLARK COM. CO.. 1431 Fifteenth St.

DETROIT, March 7.— Comb honey is quoted
at ll@13c. Supply not large, but sales slow.
Extracted, 7(3i8c. Beeswax, firm at e-4@2.")C.
M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.

KANSAS CITY, March 6.— The demand for
honev is improving a little, but it is no better
in prices. White 1-lbs.. ll@12c.; white 2-lbs.;
10@lle.; fall 1-lbs.. 9@10c.; 2-lbs.. 8@flc. Ex-
tracted, white, 7c.; dark, 5@6c. Beeswax, 22c.
CLBMONS, CLOON & CO..

Cor. -ith and Walnut Sts.

CHICAGO, Feb. 22.— We quote: White clo-
ver in active demand and quick sales, on arri-
val ; 1-lbs., 12(<ia:!c.; 2-lbs., ll@12c. Bass-
wood 1-lbs.. ll®12c. Buckwheat 1-lbs.. 8@
9c. Extracted, a'2@7'/4c. Beeswax — bright,
25@2tic. ; dark, 2:!(S.2ic.

S. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St.

NEW YORK, Feb. 26.— Market quiet, espe-
cially on comb honey. Prices irregular, rang-
ing from 9@13c., according to quality. Ex-
tracted is moving fairly well at prices we give
on page 60.

HILDKETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,

28-30 Broadway, near Duane St.

KANSAS CITY, Feb. 26.— Demand is light.
Fancy 1-lbs., 13c.; good white, 12c.: dark, 8@
10c. Two-lbs., white, 10@,llc.; dark, 8c. Ex-
tracted, white, 6a7c. ; dark, 5o, Beeswax, 22c.
HAMBLIN & BEABSS, 514 Walnut St.

CHICAGO. March 6.— Honey is selling quite
well in a small way, at 12®13c. for white 1-
Ibs and 10c. for 2-lbs.; dark is slow at 8@10c.
Receipts are heavier than usual for this sea-
son of the vear, but all is called for as fast as
it arrives. "Extracted is dull at 6@8c. Bees-
wax, 25c.

R. A. BURNETT, 161 S. Water St.

BOSTON, Feb. 24.— Best 1 lbs., white, 15®
16c; best 2-lbs., 14@15c. Extracted. 8@9c.
Sales are slow.

BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham St.

CINCINNATI, March 7.— Good demand for
extracted honey, especially from manufactu-
rers at 5@8c. Comb honey, 12@15c. for best.
Demand fair.

Beeswax is in good demand at 20@2oe. tor
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH & SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

Moth's Honey Extractor,

Perfection Cold-Blast Smokers,
SQUARE GLASS BONEY-JARS, et«.

For Circulars, apply to

CH.iKl,i:8 F. MITTH A SON,

Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., CINCINNATI, O.
P. 8.— Send IOC. for Practical Uinta to Bee-Keepera

PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION

HAS NO S\0 IN BKOOD FK.l.lIES.

THIN FLAT BOTTOM FOUNDATION

Ha»« uo Flsli-bone iu $urplu.<!< Honey.

BeiiiK the cleanest is ususiUy worked
he quickest of any Foundation made.

J. VAX DEUSEN A: SONS,

Si.ile Manufacturers,
Sprout Broitk. Montgomery Co., N. Y.

Xlie SiMKer Sewing Machine selected
from your Premium List, I received in
good order, and I am well satisfied, — G.
Ruff, Burlington, Iowa.

iSERW.iRAY, ^t-k^t^rB^e-^e^sTu^d
QaeenK. Tested Queens. SI. 50 ; Untested, 73
cents, or $8.00 per doz. Two or more pounds
of Bees in 1, 2, 3 or 4-frame Nuclei, with Queen
at above price, 73 cts. per pound. 11 Atf

Mention the American Bee Journal.

TAKE NOTICE!

BEFORE placinKyourOrders for SUPPLIES,
write for prices on One-Piece Basswood Sections
Bee - Hives, Shipping - Crates, Frames, Foundation,
Smokers, etc. Address,

B. H, SCHMIDT <<i: CO.,

Aly NKW LONDON, Waupaca Co.. WIS.

HANDLING BEES

APAHIPHliET, treating of the taming
and handling of bees. Just the thing for
beginners. It is a chapter from "The Hive
aud Honey-Bee, revised." Price. 8 cts.
Advice to beginners. Circulars, Sic, free.

CHAS. DADANT cfe SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ills.

lAtf

Mention the American Bee Journal.

"BTitish. Bee Journal

AND BEE-KEEFEBS' ADVISES,

IS published every week, at 6s. 6d. per
annum. It contains the very best practical
information for the apiarist. It is edited by
Thomas Wm. Cowan, F.G.S., F.R.M.S., etc., and
published by John Huckle, King's Langley
Herts, England.

LOOK HERE!

NICE, White, No. 1 V-Grooved One - Piece
SECTIONS only $3.00 per M.
Twelve-Pound Shipping-Cases, in the flat,
no Glass. $6 per 100. Glass, 2x9, 70c. per 100.
t^- Price-List Free.

Address, J. M. KINZIE,

20Aly KOCHESTBR. Oallland Co., MICH

HILTON'S

Improved CliallHive

AND T SUFEB.

The pamphlet: " How I
Produce Comb Honey.'
Price 5 eta. Send for free
Illustrated Price-List of
everything needed in the
apiarr.

GEO. E. HILTON.
Fremont, Michigan.

BEE-HIVES, SECTIONS, ETC.

WE make the best Bee-Hives, Shipping-
Crates, Sections, &c., in the world, and
sell them the cheapest. We are offering our
choicest white 1-piece 4>4x4)4 Sections, in lots
of 300, at $3.50 per 1,000. ^" Parties wanting
more, should write for special prices. No. 2
Sections at $2.00 per M. Catalogues free, but
sent only when ordered. Address,

G. B. 1.EWIS & CO.,

WATBHTOWN, WIS.

Mention thcAmc-^iran Bcc Journal.

BRIGHT ITALIAN Bees and Queens,
Bee-Hives. Sections. Foundation, etc.
12Aly H. H. EUETER, Baxter Springs, Kan.

Menti07i the American Bee Journal.

rARNIOLANS

H Bees and Queens bred from Pure Im-

K ■ ported Stocti with ^rreat care. Send lor cir-
H H cular (;riving full de.^iTiptions. qiieeus in
■Jj June, »1. Addrnss. K. L. PRATT,
^^ PRATT BEE FARM, Marlboro, Mass.

Italian Queens from a Yard several miles
distant, same price. Also Dealer in Supplies.
3Atf

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Cnnil 7K Pontc tor my Book, entitled— "A
OCllD lO UBfllO Year among the Beoa:"—
114 pages, cloth bound. Address.

DR. C. C. 1TIH.I.ER,

20Atf MAKENGO.ILLS.

THE SWARM HIVER

By Mail, and the American Apiculturist
oiie year for$1.50. Circular aud Sample Copies
free. Address,

American ApU-uUurist, Wenham, Mass.
iL\tf

ADVANCE IN PRICE

ON and after this clay the price of Comb
Fouiidatiou Is udvauced

5 Cents Per Ponnd,

Both Wliolesale and Retail,

on account of the scarcity and consequent
enhanced value of Beeswax.

CHAS. DADANT & SON,
THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON.

March 1, 1890.

GARNiOUNS A SPECIALTY !

BEE-KEEPERS, before placing your orders tor
<3arniolan Bees or Queens, get our prices. < ur
STOCK AKE EXCELLEO BY NONE. Descriptive Cir-
cular and Price-List for isito now ready. Send for it.
Address. F. A. l.OCKHART & CO.,

(Formerly of Andrews & Lockhart),
9Dtf Pattens' Mili..s. Wash. Co.. N. Y.

Mention the AnieHcan Bee Journal.

r-t *-■ COLONIES OF BEES FOR SALE

/ J-,. CHEAP. They are in the improved

I I 10-frame Langstroth Hive, on combs

J \J built from full sheets of Foundation.

E- T. JORDAN, Harmony, Clay Co. lud.

9D3t

Eaton's Improved

si-;«;'rio.>i - « ^A SK,

BEES & yUEENS. Send
fOJ" Iree catalogue. Address

Frank A. Katon,
1 Dtf Bluffton. Ohio.

Mentimi the A.mc7-ican Bee Journal.

nlTrUTO THOS. p. SUMP.SON, Washinston

Hfl I m I \ l^- C. No atty'3 fee until Patent ob

I n I tall I U tained. Write for Inventor's Guide

51D13t

Mention the American Bee Journal.

SrrTIA\'V SiS.OO per 1.000. Foundation,
Vl\i 1 1\F1V1 Alsike Clover Seed and .lapanese
Buckwheat, cheap as the cheapest. Spec-
ial prices to dealers. Send for our free
PRICE LIST. M. H. HUNT,
IDtf BELL BRANCH, MICH.

Established IS'78.

SMITH & SMITH,

Wholesale and Retail Man-
ufacturers of

BEE-pEPERS' Supplies,

KENTON, OHIO.

Price List Free. 9Dtf

Mention the American Bee Journal.

JUST PUELISHrD

"PRACTICAL TURKEY RAISING"

By Fanny Field. This book tells all
about turiicy raiflinp. from the settitigr
of the cgKB to the mamrity of the youn?
turks. It you follow the direction < in
t*!!^ book you need not lose a Mrd.

^ - Fanny Field has had more e^wrierce

and BUCC"cd8 OPtTcr in raisinR turkeys than aiiy other
Iie-;on in America. She clears hundreds of doHara
yna^-ly onlh'-ni. nnd wilt tell you how she does tt. tnce,
'25ceiitH. Stjimi'K'akpn. Address

THOMAS G. NEWMAN Ar SON,
246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILLS.

Tmm Ji:MiERicif:]>c mm'R jc^PRrtsiu.

195

IDITOB.

Vol. mi. Marci 22, 1890, No. 12,

Let Every honey-producer prepare for
a large crop of houey during the coming
season — worlc diligently to secure it, and at
the same time create a market at liome for
his product. This will not only be money
iu his pocket, but it will also relieve the
markets of the large cities, and conse-
quently enhance the price of honey every-
where. A little foresight in this respect
will prevent low prices, and facilitate the
honey-trade.

iW The following, received on March 10,
1890, speaks for itself :

The goods I ordered came by express the
same day that your receipt for the money
arrived. I am very well pleased with the
articles you sent me, and also with your
promptness in sending them.— John H.
Rohrer, Tippecanoe City, 0.

" Five to Xeii Xons of comb honey
each season," should have been the reading
in the last paragraph of Mr. J. V. Caldwell's
article on page 184, when stating the
amount of honey produced annually by
that veteran bee-keeper and interesting
writer— Mr. C. H. Dibbern.

Tlie Only Weekly bee-periodical iu
America is the American Bee Jouhxal —
the "Canadian" is now published only on
the " 1st and 15th of the month," at SI. 00,
with premium, commencing with March.

For several years the Amekican Bee
JiiURNAL was the only bee-periodical on
this Continent — many others grew out of
it, but only a very few came to stay. The
Weekly in Canada, by dropping down to
a semi-monthly publication relinquishes the
Weekly field to us, which we shall occupy
and strive to fill so full that no one else will
think of such a thing as to presume to
divide the field with us — our motto is
Excelsior !

IIe«-*» Honey. — jMr. John Craycraft,
of St. Francis, Fla., writes thus about an
appropriate name for liuuey :

I do not like "digesto<l nectar," " modi-
fied," and the various names that are sug-
gested for houey. Let us call it by its
proper name — " bee's lioney," as we call
railk, "cow's milk," "goat's milk," and
eggs, "hen's eggs," "duck's eggs," etc.,
and let us call extracted honey, "l)ee's
honey from the comb," and that not ex-
tracted, "bee's houey in the comb."

Would not this sound more pleasant —
more like purity — benmrp in accord with
the good provisions of Nature? — and would
it nut add faith as to the purity of the
honey— as to its being the product of the
bees; Let us call the work of the bees —
"bee's honey."

You forget, friend Craycraft, that there
is no similarity of production. "Milk "is
generated and made by the cows and
goats, as food for their young. " Eggs" are
made by natural processes in the body of
the hens and ducks, in order to reproduce
themselves ; but neither is true of bees. The
honey is iirjt produced, generated, or made
in the body of the bcc— that is done by
Nature in the flowers, and the bees are
simply the gatherers ami depositors of it in
the hive, to serve as food for themselves
and their offspring. There is no harmony
in the thought, nor adaptability in the ex-
pression of Bee's Honey. You might as
well use the expression, " man's apples,"
"squirrel's nuts," or "man's potatoes,"
because they are gathered and stored by
men and squirrels for future use, as to use
the expression, Bee's Honey, because the
bees gather it and store it in their hives for
the use of themselves and their offspring.
The simple word " Honey " is much more
expressive and appropriate.

Mr. Heddon's son " Will" is to take
charge of the electric-light plant in Dowa-
giac, Mich., as soon as it is completed.
While the pursuit of bee-keeping thereby
loses its " greatest light "—the electric light
will get him. The Bee Journal congratu-
lates the young man, and wishes him much
success. Now "let there be light"— re-
fulgent, bright and sparkling.

The Lewiston, Maine, Journal has
the following complimentary remarks,
for which we make our bow:

The AiiERrOAN Bee Journal, published
by Thomas G. Newman & Son, Chicago, in
its 26th volume, has age to recommend it,
ability to back it and make it progressive ;
while one dollar a year is dirt cheap for its
800 quarto pages, and no bee-keeper can
afi:ord to do without it.

Xlie iWost Remarkable religious
services ever held in New York were prob-
ably those conducted at mid-day during
Lent by the Rev. PhUlips Brooks, of Bos-
ton, in old Trinity Church, New York. The
attendants were mostly bankers, brokers,
and rich men fi-om Wall Street and down-
town. "Frank Leslie's Weekly" illus-
trated the stirring scenes last week.

'I'lie Wealiiei- I*r<>|>li<-IM were "all
at sea " about the past winter. Prof. Blake,
in his Pamphlet of Weather Predictions for
18'.)0, gives the t(,llowiag on page 28 :

In the States of Ohio, Michigan, Indiana,
Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, Wisconsin and
Minnesota ther<^ wUl be very great ex-
tremes, both us to temperature and pre-
cipitation, and on account of these ex-
tremes, I have made the most elaborate
and careful calculations possible. The
"Tables for 1881) " show that next winter
will start early auil be very cold till the
end of the year. This very cold weather
will continue thmnghout the winter and
uutil pretty well int(, .March. I do not look
for any regular " thaw " during the winter
in the more northern States, though there
will be thawing days at times and some
mild spells, especially in the earlv part of
February. In the pineries of Michigan,
Wisconsin and Minnesota, I do not look for
a large amount of snow during the winter
months; still, I think there will generally
be enough for lumbering purposes, as con-
siderable snow will fall there in November,
and it will probably remain unmelted
throughout the winter.

I think these autumn snows, together
with the moderate amount of winter snows,
will be ample for lumbering. In all of the
above-named States, there will be good
snows in the late fall of 1889, and in part
of them pretty good winter snows.

The reader will laugh at the utter ab-
surdity of the predictions, viewed in the
light of the facts in the case !

Xlie OI«l Proverl*. " That there is no
one so far from the market as he that has
nothing to sell," is certainly true ; yet it is
equally true that there is great loss, some-
times, by not haviug created a market in
which to sell. Bee-keepers need to have
no fears about the over-production of
honey, if they will only develop their home
markets. Now that the Honey Almanac
has been published and tried — the home
markets are read}' fields in which to oper-
ate. In every case where they have been
judiciously distributed, a ready demand
has been found for all the honey on sale in
that locality. Many open their eyes when
they learn the many uses for honey. The
education of the masses has been sadly
neglected on this matter, and when the
claims of honey, both as food and medi-
cine, are set forth, the people are glad to
hear and believe them. They test them
and are satisfied. Cover your home mar-
kets with Honey Almanacs, and in return
reap golden shekels.

Meat Xliree X lines a l>ay is more
than average human nature can endure.
Functional distnrbances of the liver, gall-
stones, renal calculi, diseases of the kid-
neys, dyspepsia, headache, fits of ill-temper
or of the blues, irritability and general ab-
sence of the joy of life are largely due to
an excess of meat and other highly concen-
ti-ated food. What shall we eat? We re-
ply, eat more fruit.— H/cdicdJ Classics.

The Bee Journal advises all to eat more
houey, as well as fruit. Peaches and other
fruit cut up and lightly covered with honey
and cream, will, when eaten, give to the
stomach a healthy tone — and who can say
that it is not delicious ]

196

THB MMEKICMff MMM J©13fKl«MlU.

-— ^^---^-^'j^L^J^^^^^^^*^*^*^*

Jsiiiiaica Exiiibitlon in 1»91.—

Mr. C. O. Magnan, of Kingston, Jamaica,
Britisli AVest Indies, Secretary of the
Jamaica Bee-Keepers' Association, lias
sent us a copy of the Regulations and
Forms of Application for Space at the Ex-
hibition to be held on the Island of Jamaica
in 1891. Accompanying it, was the fol-
lowing letter, which gives information
about the exhibit to be made by bee-keep-
ers interested in that project, which doubt-
less will be an excellent showing of the
progress made by the various industries of
the world :

Kingston, Jamaica, B. W. I.
I wish to draw the attention of American
supply dealers, to an Exhibition to be held
in Jaiuaiea, in January, 1891; and to in-
form them that a special pavilion has been
set apart for the exhibition of bees and
bee-keeping appliances.

As the Exhibition will be held in the
middle of our honey season, and as the
managers hope to attract many visitors,
not only from Europe and the United
States and Canada, but also from Central
and South America, and the other West
Indian Islands, it would appear to be a
capital opportunity for showing up modern
bee keeping appliances in this part of the
world.

The Jamaica Bee-Keepers' Association
have been asked by the Exhibition Commis-
sioners to work up the Bee-Keeping De-
partment, and they will be happy to furnish
bees for any hives, etc., which dealers
might wish to show working, and to do all
in their power to show off exhibits to the
best advantage.

Should any readers of the valuable
Amerilax Bee Journal feel inclined to
send exhibits, if they will communicate
with me on the subject, I will procure and
forward to them copies of the Regulations
and Forms of Application for Space, and
any other particulars that they may re-
quii-e. Applications for space must be
sent iu not later than July 1, 1890.

C. O. Magnan,
Sec'1-y Jmnalca Bee-Keepers' Association.

Xlie ■*VIiite. «r Miitcli, Clover.—

In " The Agricultural Grasses and Forage
Plants of the United States," issued by the
Department of Agriculture, considerable
space is devoted to descriptions of the na-
ture and general usefulness of the various
kinds of clover, prominent among which is
the little white clover—" the king of honey-
plants," as Mr. G. W. Demaree calls it, on
page 89.

The pamphlet refen-ed to, says that this
clover is a small, perennial species, with
prostrate stems which take root strongly at
the joints. It is said to be the shamrock of
Ireland. It is a native of Europe and
Northern Asia, and has been introduced
into, and naturalized in, many other coun-
tries. It is said that, although indigenous
in England, it only began to be cultivated
at the iieginningof the Eighteenth Century.
On account of its creeping habit, when once
established, it soon covers the ground and
spreads extensively.

An English writer has this to say about
its cultivation and value as pasturage for
farm stock :

It prospers on mellow land containing
lime, and on all soOs rich in humus, from
marl to gi-avelly clay. It does better in
poor laud than red clover. In earlj' spring
it produces very little food, and the plant is
so dwarfed that it is practically useless for
cutting for a crop of hay. Still, perennial
white clover forms an essential constituent
of every good pasture. All cattle eat it
with relish, but it is of less use for the pro-
duction of milk than of flesh, and is of
special service in fattening sheep. It is not
suitable for culture by itself, and its herb-
age is better for cattle when mingled with
other grasses, especially with perennial
rye-grass.

A correspondent in an agricultural peri-
odical gives his testimony iu favor of
growing white clover in pasture-lands, as
follows :

Every pasture should contain some white
clover. It will afford more feed at certain
times of the year than grass or any other
kind of clover. It will not flourish in damp
soils, or those that are very poor. It will
do well in a partial shade, as a grove or
orchard, but to make the highest excellence
it should have the advantage of full sun-
light. It is easy to secure patches of white
clover in a pasture by scattering seed in
early spring on bare places, and brushing
it in. One pound of seed is enough to start
Avhite clover in a hundred places. The dis-
position of this clover is to spread by means
of the branches that run along the gi-ound
and take root.

Prof. "W. J. Beal, of Agricultural College,
Mich., who is a well-known authority on
farm matters, says this about the "bee-
keeper's favorite:"

An old, hard road, once abandoned, is
likely to send up white clover in advance of
the grasses. It is a well-known and highly-
prized bee-plant. It is often sown with
some of the finer grasses for lawns.

The foregoing paragraphs regarding the
great importance of sowing white clover
for other purposes than its nectar- secreting
abilities, should lead bee-keepers to culti-
vate this plaut more extensively hereafter,
than they have ever done before. While
sowing it for its excellent use as pasturage
for farm stock generally, yet the honey
which it yields for the bees will be no small
item, when compared with other nectar-
bearing plants.

The seed can be obtained at this office, at
these prices : Per bushel, $10.00 ; per peck,
?2.75; and per pound, by mail, postpaid,
40 cents.

Home, School and Nation, is an

illustrated magazine of patriotism, issued
under the "American Society of Patriotic
Knowledge." It is published at 93 Adams
Street, Chicago, and is edited by the Right
Rev. Samuel Fallows, D. D., and the Rev.
M. L. Williston, M. A. It is a •18-page
monthly, and is published at SI. 50 a year.
It is intended to awake a patriotic impulse
iu the minds of the rising generation, by
giving interesting information concerning
the great men whose birthdays occur in the
month covered by the issue of the maga-
zine. It is beautifully printed, edited in a
style both instructive and highly interest-
ing, and will, uo doubt, do its part to per-
petuate the patriotic memory of those
grand minds, who gave to this Nation its
existence and free institutions.

Sweet Clover.— Some desire a further
description of 3IeUlotus alba, commonly
called " sweet clover." Darlington gives
this description of it by which it may be
recognized :

"Root biennial. Stem at first ascending
or oblique, finally erect three to five feet
high, stout, striate-ribbed, smooth, panic-
ulately branded. Leaflets one to one and
one-half inches long ; common pelicles, one
to two inches long; ramaces, two to four
inches long, on auxilliary peduncles, one to
two inches in length. Flowers retrorsely
imbricated before opening." It is a native
of Europe, but now naturalized extensively
in America. The plant, in the latitude of
40 degrees north, flowers from June to
August, and fruits from August to Sept.

■tees and Fruit.— Mr. W. A.Webster,
of Bakersfield, Calif., writes thus to the
Pacific Rural Press, on the subject of bees
and fruit:

It is the candid opinion of the writer that
the injury to fruit which is charged to bees,
begins with decay, birds, yellow- jackets and
other pilferers, and the offices of the bee
are such as are only beneficial iu the econ
omy of nature. The province of the honey
bee is to fertilize the lilossom and save the
nectar from it and from decaying fruit. A
bee is guided to its legitimate plunder by
the sense of smell, and, I believe, never
punctures the skin.

I%evv Catalog:"*^* and Price-Lists for
1890 are received from—

C. H. Dibbern c& Son, Milan, Ills.— 8 pages
—Specialties in Bee-Keeping.

Walter S. Pouder, 175 East Walnut St.,
Indianapolis, Ind.— 8 pages— Bees and Api-
arian Supplies.

A. D. Ellingwood, Milan, N. H.— 36 pages
—Bees and Apiarian Supplies.

J. B. Kline, Topeka, Kans.— 8 pages—
Carniolan Bees, etc.

C. Aultman & Co., Canton, 0.-24 pages
—Threshers and Engines.

Charles A. Green, Rochester, N. Y.— 80
pages— Fruit Nursery.

Jas. Heddon, Dowagiac, Mich.— 40 pages
—The New Hive and System, and Apiarian
Supplies.

Convention Notices.

H^^l'rul.e., in CUerr. VaUey, ins., on May mb.

rg- The next regular meeting of the gouthwe^
torS Wisconsin Bee-Keepers' Association will be

BeTKje''p''eA^'is^Slo^!^^i?.rh'eTef|t-.^fe|f-
?me Hu?it Co.. TexaB, on May 7 ""dNlM*.. All in-
terested are invited. J- N. Hunter, sec.

ff:»-Tbe Rnrinc meeting of the Missouri State Bee-
K^^eTs*! ASoc°St"n! will be held at Marshajl, Salme
Co.." "'.-.-.. J.

„u Wednesday and Thursday. April 16 and
17 i«9(i in the C.iunty Court Room. Reduced rates
at the hotel f . .r l.ei-kcepers, have been secured, and
a commmee is at work to secure rates on the rail-
mldf A cordial invitation is extended to bee-keep-
ers evertwhore and especially to those of Missouri
A number "fes«'5-s from prominent bee-men are
expecTedTand an interesting time i8^°^'„=;P3''jte^;,

•TH® m^mmmi€;mn -mmm jouKiwaiL.

197

Usin;; Comb roiindalioii when
TraiiMrcrriiig — Ke-Qiiceiiiiis.

Written Jor the American Bee Journal

Query 694.— 1. In trausfemng bees from
box-hives, ^^•ith all tbe imperlect eomb, to
movable-frame hives, would it lie advisable to
use comb foundation in all the frames, leaving
out all brood. 2, If desiring tore-queen them,
would it be practical to give them a queen at
the time of transferring. — Tennessee.

1. Yes; that is, follow tbe Heddon plan.
3. Yes.— A. J. Cook,

1. Use wbat good comb you can; the
balance of the frames fill with foundation.
2. Yes.— H. D. Cutting.

1. No. 2. No. It would not be advis-
able to re-queen at that particular time. —
Mks. L. Harrison.

1. Yes: but of course the brood must be
preserved. 3. Yes. — R. L. Taylor.

1. Certainly, and follow the Heddon plan
for transferring. 2. Yes. — A.B.Mason.

1 . No ; put in all the brood, and fill all
frames not filled with eomb, with founda-
tion. 2. Yes.— M. Mahin.

1. I do not believe that I would like to
waste brood, but I would want good combs
first or last. 3. Yes, if transferred at a
good time for re-queening. — C. G. Miller.

1. I would advise using all the brood and
straight combs. 2. I would not recommend
re-queening at the time of transferring. — J.
P. H. Brown.

1. Sometimes combs are nearly enough
perfect to transfer, but not often. Ordi-
narily, I would say melt the combs, and
use foundation. — J. M. Shuck.

1. I should try and save the brood, unless
at a season when it would not be valuable.
2. I think that it would. — Eugene Secor.

1. Transfer them on the Heddon plan,
and let the brood hatch out. 2. Re-queen
the last colony to be driven out of the box-
hive, and all is done. — C. H. Dibeern.

1. By all means, transfer the brood, and
fill out with full sheets of foundation. 2.
Provided you can catch the old queen, it
would be practical. — J. M. Hambaugh.

1 . No 1 emphatically ; we would no more
destroy brood than bees. You can straight-
en a great deal of the comb. 2. Hardly.
It would be better to wait until they have
somewhat recuperated, or repaired their
combs. — Dadant & Son.

1. Transfer all of the brood always, and
all good, straight combs, and fill out the
hive with frames with full sheets of foun-
dation. 2. Do not re-queen till the colony
is settled, especially if robbing is liable. —
G. L. Tinker.

1. You can use what is termed the "Hed-
don plan " of transferring, where there are
many crooked combs. In no case throw
away brood, for this will be the bees of the
future. — G. M. Doolittle.

1. Use the "Heddon method," and you
will save all the brood, and get rid of the
bad comb at the same time ; this plan, too,
is the simplest possible, in my opinion. — J.
E. Pond.

1. I would not transfer the imperfect
combs unless they were well filled with
brood. Transfer only the best of the combs,
and fill out what space is left with frames
filled with sheets of foundation. Very
many bee-keepers will advise melting into
wax all the old combs after driving the bees
into hives filled with foundation; but this
is a serious waste, if the box-hive contains

a fair amount of good combs. — G. W.
Demaree.

1. If you will read in my book, or Prof.
Cook's, my method of modern transferring,
you will get a com]ilete answer, which is
too long for this depai'tment. 2. It might,
or might not, be the best time to re-queen
the colony— all owing to conditions. Bee-
keeping cannot be successfully run by
stereotyped rules. The apiarist, to succeed,
must know the stereotyped laws, and then
form his rules from these laws, and their
relation to his special environments and
conditions. — James Heddon.

1. Save the brood, unless it be done at a
time when more bees are not required.
Fill all the other frames with full sheets of
comb foundation. 2. It is practical to do
so, but it may not be desirable sometimes
to do what is possible. Circumstances
may make it very undesirable, robbing
may be induced, etc. You must consider
the matter, and decide upon the advisa-
bility of doing so at the time.— The Editor.

Prevention of iSwarmin;;, Build,
ins Comb in ^Vircd Frames.

Written for the Amerlean Bee Jou/mal

Query 695.— 1. Can swarming be prevented
by putting on a full upper story for extract-
ing, and then raising the frames full of brood
from the brood-nest, and replacing with full
sheets of foundation, thus allowing part of
the brood to hatch above, and use a queen-
excluder with the 8-frame Simplicity hive? 2.
Will bees build eomb in wired frames, with
only starters, the same as without the wire ?
.3, By using a starter in both top and bottom
of the brood-frames, would the bees connect
both without leaving an opening, and thus
save inverting J-Paris.

1. I think so ; but I should prefer to have
the brood below. 2. Yes, 3. They do in
the sections. — A. J. Cook.

1. Not entirely. 2. Yes. 3. After you
try it, then you will know all about it. — H.
D. Cutting.

1. Sometimes. 2. Yes. 3. They would
generally ; and it is a first-class plan to put
a narrow starter, say three cells wide, at
the bottom.— A. B. Mason.

1 . It may retard it, and in some cases
prevent it; but there would be many
swarms issuing in spite of it. — J. P. H.
Brown.

1. Yes, to a great extent. 2. Yes. I tried
the experiment last season, but lost track
of the hive after putting a swarm into it.—
G. M. Doolittle.

1. I think that it could be controlled in
that way, in most cases. 2. If the frames
are exactly plumb, yes; but why wire at
all, if starters are used? 3. I do not know.
— Eugene Secor.

1. There is no absolutely certain way of
preventing swarming, with which I am
acquainted. 2. Not with the same facility,
or perfection. 3. I have never tried it. —
Mrs. L. Harrison.

1. No. 2. No. 3. Please read the best
and latest works in apiculture. Study,
patience, practice — these three will save
many questions. — J. M. Shuck.

1. I should say that it might, but I have
had so many plans for preventing swarm-
ing, and failed, that I have no faith in the
answer of any one but the bees. 2. Some-
times. 3. I think so. I have had thou-
sands of sections so built. — C. C. Miller.

1. Your plan is not new. It will retard
swarming, and if the queen is not so old as
to excite the concern of the bees, it may in
some cases prevent swarming. 2. They
will build in wired frames, but the wires
will not always be found in the center of

the comb; and when this is the case, they
are hard to manage. The only way is to
cut the wires and press the comb in ]jlace.
3. It will not do to put starters on the t>ot-
tom-bars of the frames; the bees will build
upward, and the combs will often topple
over,and make a muss of it. — G.W. Demaree

1. If the queen were confined below the
honey -boai'd, and d(jne seasonably, it would
delay swarming; but whether it would pre-
vent it, would depend upon other condi-
tions, as the character of the honey -flow,
etc. 2. Yes. 3. I think not, but I never
tried it. — R. L. Taylor.

1. Swarming can be greatly re.stricted
by giving plenty of room, and plenty of
ventilation. 2. They would build them
true. The wires would not be in the sep-
tum of the comb. 3. If they were to build
both from the top and bottom, the combs
would not be projierly joined at the place
of meeting. There would be jogs and off-
sets.— M. Mahin.

1. Yes. 2. No. What do you want
wired frames for, if you do not use founda-
tion * Wu-e is used to keep the foundation
from sagging and warping. 3. Try it on a
hive or two, and then tell the readers of
the Bee Journal how it works.— G. M.
Doolittle.

1. Bees are "contrary critters," and no
plan can be said to be certain with them.
This, perhaps, may work well; try it, and
report. 2. Yes; but it is better to use full
sheets of foundation. 3. They might, and
might not. I do not see how any gain can
be made by so doing. — J. E. Pond.

1. I think not. Yon should give more
capacity to the queen's fecundity, with less
disturbance. 2. Yes; but look out for
drone-comb, which is a nuisance. 3. I have
not tried starters at the bottom ; I hardly
think that it will work. Try it, and report.
— J. M. Hambaugh.

1. Few swarms would result from this
management. 2. No. Why not use a
more shallow frame than the Simplicity —
say a 7-inch frame — and do away with the
wired frames? If you use a queen-ex-
cluder, the more shallow combs give better
results. 8. Yes; but if you put the frames
in an upper story, you will not need the
starters at the bottom. — G. L. Tinker.

1. Not absolutely, although such a plan
would have a great tendency to discourage
swarming. 2. Yes, sir; and follow the
wires almost every time. 3. The jjlan will
not take the place of inverting. The bees
will be very apt to cut away a portion of
the lower strip of foundation, and bad work
is liable in every case. Inverting does it
just right, and cannot faU. — James Heddon.

1. No system of management can be re-
lied upon to absolutely prevent swarming.
At least that is true in America, whether it
is so in France or not. The plan mentioned
would sometimes retard swarming, if it
does not prevent it. but it is not a new one.
2. Yes. 3. To build combs from the top
and bottom is objectionable— the join in
the center is not perfect, etc. — The Editor.

Onr Mew liocation, in the heart of
the business district of the city, at No. 246
East Madison Street, brings us in close
communication with the several express
companies, and we are conveniently near
all the freight depots.

This location has made it possible for us
to be more prompt than ever in filling
orders, saving the long distance for haul
ing. Our friends will find it very con-
venient to call on us when in the city.

198

TmB MME'KicMif mmm jo-wRHJti..

' — ' — '■^^'

PRIZE ESSAY.

Extracted Honey— One Method
of Its Production.

Written fur tlic American Bee Journal

BY H. W. FUNK.

A short time before the honey har-
vest begins— usually the last days of
May, or the lirst week in June — tlie
tirst upper story should be put on the
brood-chamber, for which I prefer a
10-frame Langstroth hive. The upper
stories are just the same as the brood-
chamber, only lacking a bottom and
an entrance. It adds very much to
the pleasure, and probably to the
profits (as "time is money" during
the honey season), if a slatted honey-
board is used between the different
stories, to prevent the upper frames
from being stuck to the lower ones; an
old quilt that is full of holes, may be
used as a substitute.

HOW^ TO MAKE A HONEY-BOARD.

I prefer a honey-board made as fol-
lows, to anything else that I have
tried : It is made of strips about 11
inclies wide, and 5 of an inch longer
than the outside of the hive. These
are placed a bee-space apart, and just
as wide as the hive (outside), and the
whole is cleated together by a f-inch
square strip, that has a groove cut in
the middle, half way through, just the
same as an old-style Heddon hive-
cover is cleated. These end strips
keep the board in place, and also keep
the upper stories from slipping or
blowing ofl'. Tliis board may easily
be made break-joint, but I am not
sure that it is an advantage.

NUMBER OF FRAMES FOR E.KTRACTING.

Where empty combs are used, I put
only eight in the upper stories. If
comb foundation is used, it is better to
use nine or ten frames, till drawn out.
It is nicer to extract where only eight
frames are used in a ten-frame hive ;
there will be just about as much honey
stored in eight as in ten frames, and
it is easier to uncap, as the combs are
all thicker than the frames, and they
are less liable to be injured in extract-
ing, and probably are not used as soon
by the queen for brood. Fur various
r(^asons I prefer a full-sized frame for
upper stories — just the same as is used
in the brood-chamber.

I'UTTING ON SURPLUS STORIES.

If the intention is to prevent swarm-
ing, all strong colonies should have
the upjjer .sto-y put on about ten days

or two weeks before the season opens.
It requires judgment and experience
to know where and when to put on the
second upper story. If the prospects
are good, and colonies are strong, it is
advisable to place the second upper
story on top of the first, wlien they
have about 15 or 20 pounds of honey
stored in it. (Have all colonies strong,
as it is a waste of labor to run weak
colonies for surplus.)

Should the honey come in slowly, it
may be advisable to change the four
center combs of the upper story for the
outside ones, or remove them and put
empty ones in their places, filling other
stories with these partl_y-filled frames.
In an ordinary season, with good colo-
nies, there need be but little frame
manipulation.

It is always advisable to give plenty
of room — more room than is needed
does not necessarily do any harm —
especially with large apiaries, and
with out-apiaries it is advisable to be
on the right side. If, however, the
tirst upper story is almost full, it is
better to put the second upper story
under it— I usually put it on top. One
reason is, the queen will be less liable
to use it for brood. If there is brood
in the first story, and it is raised, and
another put under it, the queen will
be almost sure to use it also, unless
honey is coming in very fast; if it is
put on top, she will probably not oc-
cupy it.

Another reason is, it is hard work to
raise up partly-filled uppers, and one
of my rules in running large apiaries,
is never to do any work unless I am
sure that it will pay ; and never leave
anything undone that I think it would
pay to do.

These upper stories hold about 50
pounds each, when full ; it is seldom
necessary to use more than two upper
stories, but I have used three ; usually
it is better to extract from tlie top
story, if the bees become crowded for
room. In most seasons, these two
stories will hold all the early or white
clover honey.

WHEN TO EXTRACT THE HONEY.

off. Usually, after the extracting is
all done, I scatter these cappings on a
large cloth under some shade-trees,
and let the bees remove what honey
there is left in them. It requires just
a little judgment in doing it, and it is
not advisable for a novice to trj^ this,
especially if there is no honey coming
in. I scatter about a bushel basket of
cappings at a time, and spread them
out thin.

Usually, I do not extract until the
clover season is over, and then I ex-
tract both the upper stories at once.
To do the extracting, I prefer a four-
frame, reversible machine, to anything
that I have tried ; and for uncapping,
the Bingham knife is une(iualleil by
anything in the market. For a cap-
ping-can, I use a sawed-off barrel,
with a screen bottom, and a honey-
gate below it.

In the morning, or before extracting
again, I remove the cappings from a
previous extracting, putting them in a
barrel so constructed that what little
honey may drain through can be i-un

HO'W TO PROCEED IN EXTRACTING.

As the extracting is usually done
when there is no honey coming in, it
requires considerable care not to get
robbing started. A good way to pro-
ceed, is to have a cart with a box just
wide enough to hang the frames in,
and about four feet long. This cart
will hold the frames from three or four
upper stories. As the frames are put
in, they are to be covered with a cloth,
if there are any robber bees about.

In opening the hives, I smoke the
bees down as soon as the cover is
raised the least bit, then pry the frames^
apart, and take out one and shake off
the bees into the open hive, and brush
off the remainder. It is well to have
a dish of water on hand, into which
the brush is dipped, if it becomes
sticky with honey, and for washing up
any honey that may be daubed about.

When the cart is tilled, it is run into
the building where the extractor is ;
the other necessary utensils are about
two or more alcohol barrels, without
heads, with thin muslin or cheese-cloth
stretched loosely over the open end,
and held in place by the upper hoop ;
on this the honey is poured by the
bucketful, as it runs from the machine;
after standing over night, it is ready
for barrels or cans. It is best to leave
about six inches of honey in the bar-
rels, letting out the thickest at the
hottom. It the honey is not quite
ripe, it will improve by being left in
these barrels a short time ; but the
proper place to ripen honey is on the
hive.

If robber bees are very bad, a tent
m.iy be used to advantage over the
cart, and hive which is being opened,
but it is very bothersome, and alive
man can get along nicely without it.

Sometimes it is advisable to almost
close the entrance when removing
frames, till after the bees are quiet
again ; usually I take out the empty
frames and return tliem to the hives
when I go for another load. If rob-
bing has been started through care-
lessness, or otherwise, it is best to
leave the frames out of the hives till
evening, returning them about sunset.
Returning frames causes more com-
motion in a colony of bees, and in
other colonies, than taking them out—
usually only one set of frames are re-

T-mm MMimMicmM mmm j©i9RjM3CiLf.

199

^■*-*^*^-^^-*-^^^*-^-'— •■'■^*-^^-^-^^-^^^^

turned after extracting, and the others
stored away until needed for fall
honey, or otliervvise.

If i find frames of brood, I often use
them to build up nuclei, or increase
by hivinp; bees with a virgin queen on
the Doolittle-swarming-box plan, and
add brood for several days as fast as
they can care for it, till the hive and
upper story are full.

Probably the best way to get rid of
the bees in the extracting-room, is to
put a cone of wire-screen in the upper
corners of tlie windows.

With the foregoing method I hardly
ever have a swarm, and manage out-
apiaries without having any one to as-
sist, as there are not enough swarms
to paj' to liave some one to watch
them.

Blooniington, Ills.

BEE-KEEPING

III Wandering Apiaries on int.
Sierra IVevada, Spain.

Tratislated for the American Bee Journal

BY REV. STEPHEN ROESE.

Mount Sierra Nevada, in Spain, is
located 1U,500 feet above tlie level of
the sea. Bee-keepers in that country,
after the early spring houey-tlovv is
over, do generally experience a dearth
of honey, for during the hot summer
months there is seldom a rainfall, and
bee-keepers are often obliged to feed
back their early spring honey crop, to
save their bees from starvation ; and
during this season the wax-moth causes
terrible destruction in the apiaries.

During the honey-dearth in the
plains, Mount Sierra Nevada is covered
with rich honey-yielding flowers, es-
pecially on the northern slope, whicli
is eovered with fruit-trees of all de-
scriptions. The deep valley of Rio-
Monacliil is often rich with honey-dew,
which extends downward to the plain
of Granada. On this plain, from
Dehesa to San Geronimo, during the
summer mouths, from 12,000 to 14,000
sheep find abundant pasturage, besides
many liundreds of horses. This north-
ern slope is constantly moistened liy
the gradually melting of the everlast-
ing snows on the summit of the moun-
tain. This juicy pasture is rich with
endless blooming flowers.

The transportation of the hives is
eftected l5j- the use of mules. Each
animal carries one on each side, up
the narrow, winding path, with oc-
casional halting under an orange or
olive tree, from June until October 15 ;
at this time, usuallj', the first snow
falls. The apiaries remain on Mount
Sierra Nevada, and on their return,
at this date, for the Granada plains.

the mountain apiarist comes laden
richly with nectar sweets, while api-
aries left on the plain are moth-eaten,
and on the verge of starvation.

Mount Sierra Nevada, on account of
its charming scenery, is visited by
many naturalists, artists, and scientists,
and it will lienceforth be visited by
apiarists eacli season.

PASTOR WEYGANDT'S BEE-LECTURE.

The new theory of Pastor Weygandt,
of Flacht, Germany, of applying arti-
ficial heat for the purpose of creating
an even temperatiu-e in winter reposi-
tories, has been fully illustrated dur-
ing his four days' course of free lec-
tures at Flacht, Germany. Sixty
prominent bee-keepers from all parts
of Germ»ny, Switzerland, and Luxem-
bourg, were seated at the feet of this
eminent Gamaliel, and were aston-
ished and surprised at the flow of
charming language and revelation of
mj'steries in apiculture.

This eminent master of the art
seems to revolutionize the Continent,
and even his enemies cannot gainsay
the facts set forth by him.

On April 8, 1890, is the day agreed
upon, for the delivery of another ten
days' lecture on modern bee-keeping.
A programme of exercises is in pro-
gress, and will be published in due
time. Applicants for attendance were
to inform the faculty not later than
the last of February.

It is not strange that some connect-
ing link in successful bee-keeping
should be missing, in consequence of
the total ignorance of the art of bee-
keeping during the Dark Ages.

Maiden Rock, Wis.

CALIFORNIA.

Sonoma County as a Bee-Keep-
ing Locality.

Written for theAinerican Bee Journal

BY D. B. WIER.

I gave a little sketch of Sonoma and
adjoining counties in California's
adaptability for bee-culture, on page
711 of the American Bee Journal for
1889. It brought me letters of in-
quiry from nearly every State in the
Union, and several from Europe,
nearly all of which enclosed stamps
for reply. I answered all quite fully,
reserving some for special answer
through the Bee Journal on pertinent
points that none, or very few, seemed
to understand.

The most prominent of these not-un-
derstood points that explanations were
asked for by many, may be summed
up in these two questions :

First, "How can bees store honey,
as a rule, every month in tlie year ?
Trees and plants do not bloom in win-
ter."

Second, "If you have no rains for
four or five months in the year, trees
and plants certainly cannot bloom to-
ward the end of such a drouth ?"

These are very reasonable questions
to ask by those not familiar with a re-
gion of warm, moist (often wet, or
very wet, like this one) winters and
dry summers. Nature adapts plants
and animals to their environment.
Many trees and plants in this climate
bloom and grow only in the winter ;
many of our native trees and plants
begin to grow so soon as the fall rains
give tliem moisture, and then are soon
in bloom. Some of our trees and
shrubs start into growth — usually
blooming first — in November and De-
cember ; many more in January and
February ; others, not until March and
April. Hundreds of species of trees
and plants are now in bloom (Feb. 12);
some of these are very rich in honey,
and every day for the past three weeks
has been bright and warm — the mer-
cury being from 65° to 75° in the
shade, enabling bees to work at least
six hours each day.

The manzanita, and laurel, which
grow in the hills and mountains, are,
in different locations, in bloom during
the entire winter, and the first-named
— one of the very best honey-produc-
ing plants in the world — is in bloom
on diSerent exposures and elevations
in the mountain canyons, froiu Novem-
ber until June. The wild currants
and gooseberries are now in bloom,
and will so continue for months, as
well as countless other shrubs and
plants. By the first of April the whole
country is one vast flower-garden.
Hill, valley and mountain are every-
where carpeted with flowers of every
hue. This much for winter and spring
flowers for honey.

Then, on the other hand, in the dry
season here, we have thousands of
plants that revel, and grow and
bloom in the hot, dry season, and
plenty of plants between these two
extremes. Near the end of the dry
season, when our sun is the hottest,
and the soil is the driest, our stubble-
fields will be seen a mass of golden or
purple flowers. Perhaps it is true that
near the end of the dry season the bee
can find the fewest good honey-plants
in bloom ; but in the valleys they find
plent)- that yield very poor honey for
us, but I believe it is good enough for
winter stores for the bees, if they
need any. The plants producing the
bad-tasting honey, mostly belong to
the composite — such as May-weed
(dog-fennel, etc.), and here in the
valley, the ubiquitious "tar-weed,"

200

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^^^*^^^-^^^^^^^

which "takes the cake" for being
where it is not wanted, and for its
villainous taste and smell !

The great, and best, and everywhere
present in the hills and mountains,
summer honey-producing bush, is the
native poison-oak {Elms Calif ornicns).
It is in bloom in different exposui'es
the season through, and its honey is
considered equal to that of white
clover.

This short sketch will give some
knowledge of the sources of honey
here ; some of the mountain honey is
very fine, thick, bright and spicy —
some being too highly flavored for
some people, but greatly liked when
one becomes accustomed to it. The
difierent portions of the State have
their own peculiar honey-plants, and
nearly everywhere where there are
hills and mountains, one can have suc-
cess with bees, even high up on the
Sierras, where they are covered with
snow from 3 to 30 feet deep for six
months.

As I said in my former article, this
region — directly north of San Fran-
cisco 20 to 100 miles — was, before bee-
diseases were introduced, grand for
honey, and many bees were kept, pro-
ducing a vast amount of honey with
scarcely any care, like all good, new
countries ; but these diseases came in.
It being a region where nearly every-
thing that one may wish to plant can
be grown to perfection, with big
monej- in everything, the people drop-
ped bee-keeping for other things that
made big money with little care ;
therefore but few bees are found here
now, but the bee-countrj' is still here,
all the same, and would be a grand
success with the same skill and care
given 1,0 bees everywhere in the East.

The best locations are, as I said be-
fore, in the cheap lands in the hills
and mountains, with a deep canyon
running into the hills east or west.
Given a warm south and a cool north
steep hillside, and a little perennial
stream running in it — one has a per-
fect bee-pasturage, and one of the
most healthy and comfortable climates
in the world. Bees of all straius and
bee-keepers' supplies of all kinds can
be had in this State. There are thou-
tands of acres of mountain Govern-
ment land in this and adjoining coun-
ties Jree to homesteaders, or for pre-
emption. It is grand for dairies, pas-
ture, fruit, bees, poultry, health and
comfort.

As for cold, when I give the fact that
three wagon-loads of oranges have
come into this little city of Petaluma
the present week, and sold on the
streets in bushel apple-boxes — all
grown within seven miles of this town
— tells one what this country is !
Homes, land — both improved and un-

improved —of all sizes, and for all pur-
poses, can be bought in this county to-
day, all things considered, as cheap as
anywhere in this great republic ; cer-
tainly as cheap, and I think cheaper,
than anywhere else in this State ; and
this, in this one great, rich county,
where big crops of everything can be
grown without expensive irrigation.

I will continue to answer all in-
quiries from those who enclose stamps
(not directed stamped envelopes — but
stamps) ; and I will mail them local
newspapers.

Petaluma, Calif.

REVERSING.

Description of a Reversible-
Frame Device.

Written for the American Bee Jour^ial

BY F. A. HUNTLEY.

The subject of reversing combs
seems to have lost no interest. Manj-
have found the practice a success, and
others who have been reluctant to
make experiments, will, no doubt, take

It will be readily understood that a
complete frame is made, and the sep-
arable part is the outside bar with pro-
jecting ends, into which the screw-
eyes are driven. The openings to re-
ceive the eyes are made with a coarse
rip-saw, and can be cut into the block
or board before sawing out the slats.
As the two horizontal bars of a frame
are made alike, it takes but a moment
to remove the pegs, and make either
bar the upper one.

Where frames larger than the Lang-
stroth are in use, I would advise mak-
ing the separable bar of wood that is
tougher than pine, though I have
never found yellow pine too soft. The
screws will, in most cases, project
through the wood, unless a very thick
top-bar is used. When this happens,
the points should be cut off by means
of a pair of nippers.

I have also used this device in
another form, bj driving the screw
into the frame, and making the slot in
the separable bar. This, however,
does not possess the strength of the
other arrangement.

South Omaha, Neb.

BEE-ECONOMY.

The Inmates of the Bee.Hive
as " Nationalists."

Writtai for tlie Americayi Bee Journal

BY E. L. PRATT.

Section of Beveraible Frame, with Eye and Key.

some interest in the matter the coming
season. Changes and complications
in fixtures should generally be avoided,
as experience has often proved to bee-
keepers. In experiments, methods
are in favor such as will necessitate
the least possible alterations in plans
already in use.

The reversible frame here described,
has given me satisfaction, and I offer
the device gratuitously to all, hoping
that it may prove a benefit to those
who give it a trial. With very little
trouble it can be applied to frames
already in use.

The device consists of a double,
separable top-bar, the two pieces be-
ing fastened together by means of
screw-eyes twisted into the upper slat,
and the eye part projecting through a
slot in each end of the under slat,
which forms a part of the frame, as
shown in the engraving. Hardwood
pegs are used to put through the eyes,
to clamp the two pieces together.

What a magnificent form of national
social government is that of honey-
bees. There is no competition, no
trusts or monopolies, no partyism, and
no wrangling over ill-gotten gains, in
a bee-hive. On the contrary, every-
thing is for the common good, with
equal rights to all.

It has been said that a queen-bee is
a " monarch," and the masses of work-
ers, her subjects ; but the study of
them and their habits has proveil this
untrue. It is the luost perfect demo-
cratic form of government known.
The queen stands as a most decided
public servant. She acts as a sort of
"president" — a preserver of the re-
public, at the dictation of the people.

Superseding for waut of corupetency
is nothing uncommon with bee-repub-
lic. A queen-bee is queen (or "king")
because she was called so. when scien-
tists knew but very little about the
workings of a bee-hive. She would
have been better named "president."

From the egg to the perfect insect,
all are cared tor and given sup to a
like extent. When the young bee is-
sues it has a term of "schooling," and
thorough practical training, not iu
vogue with any form of government.
All are ushered into active service

T'H® ISMEKICKH KEB J@IJR1MKIL.

201

alike, and at the same age by common
consent. None are expected to do
more than others, but all are expected
to do their best. The drones (so
abused by those ignorant of their
habits) stand ever ready to perform
their most important duty, for which
their very lives are given willingly.
Can any one begrudge them their
leisure at so great a cost ?

Why is it that human nature so ad-
mires the industrious habits and un-
seen government of bees, as they
gather honey and guard their home in
perfect harmony, and without com-
plaint ? It is because human nature
can see a perfect form of government
— a government for the people, by the
people, and absolute freedom to every
man.

There is no half-starving mass and
highly-fed class in a bee-hive. When
a bec-republio is starving, all are
starving ; when it is prosperous, all are
prosperous ; as this bee fares, so fares
its brother. There is one common
store-house free to all.

In short, a bee-hive eniplo3-s that
perfect national form of government,
so admired by the human race. To
my mind, this United States will event-
ually adopt a similar form of har-
monious proceedings, as in Bellamy's
"Looking Backward."

Marlboro, Mass.

BEE-NOTES.

Iiiterestin;; Suggestions fur the
Month of March.

Written for the. American Bee Journal

BY DR. J. M. HICKS.

It is now the proper time to make
selections from the best colonies for
rearing increase of queens ; this is a
matter of no small importance to the
apiarist.

Queens and drones should, by all
means, be reared from colonies pos-
sessing the most desirable qualities —
such as have a gentle, mild temper,
and industrious habits, as well as being
very prolific.

In order to succeed well, and get
eai'ly drones, the bee-keeper should
feed a little syrup every day, at this
season of the year, to such colonies as
above indicated.

It will be just as necessary to keep
watch of all other colonies, and cut
out all drone-brood, as well as queen-
cells, or those not so desirable, before
they are hatched.

I am very certain that bees will pay
at least 200 per cent, profit, in an or-
dinary season, v^ith reasonable care
and attention. Mine paid me over
500 per cent, last year, and at the
pi-esent wi'iting (Mai-ch 3) they are all

in tine condition, with plenty of young
brood.

Much depends upon the kind, style
and shape of the hive used in the man-
agement of bees, which should be of
such sliape and so constructed as to
not have any loose pieces to remove in
examining the l)rood-combs — the fewer
of such traps about a hive, the better.

Always make the increase in colo-
nies by dividing them at the right
time, and prevent, if possible, all nat-
ural swarming ; but as before suggest-
ed, try to have plenty of young queens
in due time to give to the new swarms;
this is of much importance.

I would suggest, to make bee-keep-
ing more profitable to the apiarist, as
well as much better for all consumers
of honey, that there should be only ex-
tracted honey placed on the market ;
for truly there is not a particle of nu-
triment in the combs, as food in the
human stomach, no matter how tine or
delicate it may appear to be.

Honey is procured from the flowers
and plants, provided by Nature, and
the bees are the industrious workers
that gather and store it for man's use.
It is folly and absurd to think of feed-
ing bees syrup made from sugar or
glucose, and call it "honey." It is a
fraud on its face .'

Alvv.ays provide plenty of pasture for
the bees to work on — such as Alsike
clover, buckwheat, raspberry, cherry,
apple, pear, plum, of many varieties,
all of which are good for honey, be-
sides their delicious fruits.

Indianapolis. Ind.

WISCONSIN.

Report of the State Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention.

The sixth annual meetingof the Wis-
consin >State Bee-Keepers' Association,
was held at Madison, Wis., on Feb. 5,
1890. About 100 bee-keepers were
present, a few being from other States.

President C. A. Hatch, of Ithaca,
called the meeting to order at 10 a.m.,
after whicli prayer was offered by Mr.
A. I. Root, of Medina, Ohio.

Treasurer M. J. Plumb, of Milton,
reported that no expenditures of money
had been made since the last meeting.
The president then read his annu,al ad-
dress.

Mr. Wilcox asked for information
regarding oak-gall honey. He had
seen it, but no one offered any further
information.

STRANGE DISEASE AMONG BEES.

The president spoke of his experience
last year, in what seemed to him a
strange disease among his bees, but by
consulting a learned microscopist, he

was informed that they were only
"played-out" bees.

A. I. Hoot had also noticed tlie same
thing in liis apiaries. The President
said the Ixiis came out aljout 10 o'clock
in the morning; they could not fly, but
crawled along on the grass like young
bees. TIk! whole j'ard was covered
with bees, crawling toward the lower
side of the yard. They acted as if
stupefied — as tlies that have taken poi-
son. Their botlies and legs, too, were
covered with a greyish-like dust, which
they constantly tried to rub oft'. His
theory was, that they were afl'ected by
some kind of pollen. All the bees
seemed to be dusted.

S. I. Freeborn, of Ithaca, thought it
was connected with the red-clover
bloom, that intoxicated them, which
was not the case with the white-clover
bloom.

Dr. Miller, of Illinois, said that he
had not been much in favor of Presi-
dents' addresses, but after hearing the
one just read, he was inclined to
change his opinion. With regard to the
trouble with Mr. Hatch's bees, he was
of the opinion that starvation had more
than anything else to do with it. As
to the dust upon the bees, he could not
account for that.

Mr. Taylor, of Minnesota, said that
a mess of good, warm food would have
relieved them ; he especially recom-
mended that the food be given warm.

S. I. Freeborn was confident that
wann weather and honey were the
remedies for the trouble.

F. Wilcox had observed the same
thing (the dust on the bees), in colo-
nies in the Heddon hives. He thought
that starvation was the cause of the
trouble.

A. I. Root had noticed it in one col-
ony, that had used up its honey in
brood-rearing. They were cured b}'
feeding ; he fixed up a syrup and fed
them.

THE CARNIOLAN BEES.

Rev. T. E. Turner, of Sussex, read
an cssaj' on "Carniolans."

Rev. Mr. Winter, of Madison, gave
a very interesting and amusing account
of his experience with the Carniolau
bees. He had not found them to be
as gentle as Mr. Turner had described
them; in fact, he had found them to be
the most irascible bees he had ever
handled, and their propensity to go out
of their way to seek their victims, ex-
ceeded anything he ever knew. He
remarked that a gentleman who visited
him, and being anxious to observe the
internal eeimomy of a bee-hive, went
with him to his apiary, and on opening
a liive of Carniolans, the bees "went
for them " pell-mell, and his visitor
beat a hasty retreat, saying he would
rather face a battery of artillery, than
a colony of Carniblans.

202

T'H® rn'mmmiGMM bb^ jQ^mmmi^.

D. D. Daniher, of Madison, said that
lie had had some experience with the
Carniolaus, but had not found them as
gentle as even the Cjprians or the
Syrians. After handling Mr. Winter's
Carniolans, he found himself industri-
ously occupied in removing stings from
his limbs, and combing bees from his
hair.

Mr. Turner, who had sold the bees
to Mr. Winter, said that they were not
pure Carniolans, but hj'brids, which
would account for their propensity to
use their stings.

The question was asked by a mem-
ber as to the relative number of bees
wintering in-doors and out-of-doors.
About four-fifths were found to be win-
tering their bees in cellars.

Mr. Taylor, of Minnesota, was pres-
ent with a sample hive, which, on
motion, he was requested to show, and
explain his management. He brought
the hive forward, and, placing it upon
a table, explained its construction and
showed its meritorious points. It is a
small hive, IGxlti inches, and some-
what resembles the Heddon hive. Dr.
Miller said it had many good points.

BEE-KEEPING AS A BUSINESS.

The next essay read was, ' ' Bee-
Keeping as a Business," by Frank
McNay, of Mauston.

Mr. Freeborn thought that the qual-
ifications requisite for a successful bee-
keeper, were such as fit a man for a
mercantile or professional calling, a
banker, or for almost any business un-
dertaking; and he must make it a bus-
iness that the public will respect.

Mr. J. J. Ochsner, of Prairie du Sac,
believes in making it an independent
business.

Dr. Miller said that men with the
same amount of brains required in
other callings, can make money, and
have lots of fun, in bee-keeping.

OVER-STOCKING A LOCALITY.

The next essay read was on "Over-
Stocking." by S. I. Freeborn, of Ithaca.

Mr. Lathrop thought that apiaries
ought not to be nearer than 3 miles.

Mr. McNay said that it depended
mostly upon the season. Sometimes 5
miles was near enough; he had 350 col-
onies—about 35 in each. He thought
small apiaries were better, as less time
was consumed in visiting the pasture.

Mr. Freeliorn found the best lioney
in isolated colonies.

Mr. Root wanted to know about the
number of colonies around Boscobel.
He visited that locality last summer.
In one apiary which he visited, he
noticed the bees hanging on the out-
side of the hives. He thought they
ought to have been driven in, and set
to work. To the question he put to a
bee-keeper near Boscobel, with regard

to the number of colonies in that vicin-
itj% he was told that there was no
danger of over-stocking; that 500 would
do just as well as 200, where there was
so much basswood.

Mr. Freeborn had usually only about
150 or 200 colonies in one place.

Mr. Root said that there were never
such crops of honey in one place as
about Boscobel ; yet he thought that
the Boscobel people had too many col-
onies for that locality.

Dr. Miller thought that there ought
to be some way of preventing others
from coming and settling down with
bees, and spoiling the prospect of a
crop. What can Mr. Pike do to help it
if some man comes and locates his
apiary near him, and destroys his
chance of getting a crop? It does not
seem right.

Mr. Taylor said that we all have to
take our chances, and put up with the
consequences.

BEE-KEEPING IN CALIFORNIA.

Mr. Freeborn was asked how he es-
teemed California honey. He said that
the white-sage honey of California is
very fine, but the sage does not alwaj^s
yield, especially in dry seasons. This
winter they have a cheering prospect
for the coming season. The white
clover is the most popular. He saw
considerable of bee-keeping and swarm-
ing while he was in California a few
winters since ; he noticed that church-
steeples were favorite resorts for stray
sxvarms.

PLANTfNG BASSWOOD TREES.

Mr. Root remarked that he had a
new hobby. Planting is a prettj- slow
business. He said, "We are going to
buj- timbered land, cut out the com-
mon timber, and plant basswood trees.
Under these conditions, they will be
more apt to grow."

Mr. Freeborn asked Mr. Root if he
thought the}' would be of any use to
him, when they do grow. All basswood
does not yield honey.

Mr. Ochsner inr]uired if his bees
should, in their flight in quest of honey,
get a smell of Dr. Miller's grove, could
he hinder them from lighting down
upon his basswood blossoms, and fill-
ing their honey-sacs? He thought that
all have the same right to the honey,
and for his ovvn part he had no ob-
jection to any man settling down next
to him with his ajnary.

Mr. Turner said that the man who
has the most bees, will take precedence,
and will "root out" all other men.

AI.SIKE CLOVER AND ALFALFA, ETC.

President Hatcli — Nobody has said
anything about Alsike clover. I have
had 25 acres of it, and it will pa}' to
furnish your neighbors with seed gra-
tuitously. I would recommend bee-

keepers to try 15 or 20 acres of it.
Alsike is not usually influenced by the
weather.

Dr. Miller asked if an}' of the mem-
bers had tried alfalfa. President Hatch
said that he had talked with a bee-
keeper who had examined a field of it,
but had found no bees working on it.

Mr. Root said he had had alfalfa in
his garden, but no bees worked on it.
In Arizona, a very dry climate, it is a
very productive honey-plant. The
honey is very fine, and resembles honey
from red-clover, and tastes like hum-
ble-bee honey. He furnishes Alsike to
any of his neighbors who will sow it.
It takes a good many acres to make
any show of success.

Dr. Miller said that he had often
noticed no bees working on white clo-
ver, and yet his surplus comes from
white clover. It may be that bees do
work on alfalfa. He said that Mr.
Hatch made a good point on light soil,
which, in his opinion, is much better.

Mr. Root told of a bee-keeper who
took nearly all the premiums at a State
fair, and got his honey from Alsike. but
it took a great many acres to do it.

Mr. Freeborn said that there is only
a small proportion of the blossoms that
yield honey at any time. This is a fact
worthy of consideration. In Califor-
nia, where they irrigate, they are sure
of good weather. His experience with
basswood was that there had been only
five failures in thirty years ; two years
it failed to blossom.

Mr. McNay said that there are two
kinds of basswood in Wisconsin that
yield honey ; one kind ten days later
than the other. The later variety
grows in valleys, each yielding honey
at about the same age. The extreme
limit of the honey-flow is from II to 29
days.

Mr. Root said that it was three weeks
in his location — Medina, Ohio.

Mr. Freeborn had known colonies
of his bees to gather II lbs. a day from
basswood, five miles away.

COMB FOUNDATION AND ITS USE.

Mr. E. France, being unable to at-
tend, sent his essay treating of "Comb
Foundation," to the Secretary, who
read it.

Mr. France, in his essay, asked the
members with regard to the evai^ora-
tion of unripe honey.

Mr. McNay said that he did not have
to evaporate his honey.

Dr. Miller thought that a bee-keeper
who does not wire his frames is far be-
hind the times.

A voice: "How about wooden foun-
dation, or rather, wooden combs?"

Mr. Root had used them, but found
they took too much wax. He said that
Mr. Aspinwall claims that, with the
wooden combs, he can prevent rearing

Tmm mjmmmicmm mum jou^nni..

203

drones. It will do away with swarm-
ing, but the expense will be a draw-
back.

Mr. Root said that cloth had been
tried, but the bees gnaw it to pieces.

Regarding the size and thickness of
foundation used for starters in sections,
Mr. Turner said that he used 10 and 11
square feet to the pound, and it is a
success.

Mr. McNay — In a good yield, use
small starters, but in a slow yield, use
larger ones. The bees till it full when
there is pleut}' of honey coming in.
The slower they work, the more
crooked are the combs.

Mr. Markle spoke of a man who was
opposed to the use of foundation ; but
in Mr. Markle's opinion, it is one of
the greatest discoveries of the age, and
the discoverer is worthy of a monu-
ment. Ten-feet-to-the-pound founda-
tion does not make " lisli-bone " in the
combs.

President Hatch's starters are 3J
inches, and 100 to the pound.

INTRODUCING QUEENS.

Mr. Turner asked a question with
regard to the introduction of queens
in the fall, and stated that he had no
trouble in introducing tliem when there
was no longer any brood in the hives ;
that under those circumstances the
bees could not rear a young queen,
and were willing to accept the new
queen.

One-hundred -and-sixty bee-keepers
reported to the Secretary, as follows :
Tlie aggregate number of colonies of
bees last spring was 8,187, and 13,087
now wintering. The yield of comb
honey last season was 231,640 pounds,
and that of extracted was 459,820
pounds.

The report of the finance committee
is as follows : Receipts from dues,
.$43.55 ; sundrv expenses, .f 19.75 ; pre-
mium awards, 120.00; balance in treas-
ury, IS. 80.

The following officers were elected
for the ensuing year:

President, C. A. Hatch, of Ithaca ;
Vice-Presidents, Rev. H. A. Winter, of
Madison, and Rev. T. E. Turner, of
Mauston ; Secretary, J. W. Vance, of
Madison; and Treasurer, M. J. Plumb,
of Milton.

The following premiums were
awarded on honey :

To J. J. Ochsner, for the best dis-
play ; best and second best extracted
clover ; best and second best basswood
honey ; best and second best dark
honey ; and for second best 12 pounds
of clover comb honej% and second best
and best 12 pounds of basswood comb
honey.

To Rev. T. E. Turner, for best 12
pounds of clover comb honey.

J. W. Vance, Sec.

A. IVondertiil Weaver.

There's a wonderful weaver

High up in the air,
And he weaves a white mantle

For cold earth to wear.
With the wind for his shuttle.

The cloud for his loom,
How he weaves, how he weaves.

In the light, in the gloom.

Oh 1 with the finest of laces

He decks bush and tree;
On the bare, flinty meadows

A cover lays he.
Then a quaint cap he places

On pillar and post,
And he changes the pump

To a grim silent ghost 1

But this wonderful weaver

Grows weary at last;
And the shuttle lies idle

That ouce flew so fast.
Then the sun peeps abroad

On the work that is done ;
And he smiles : " I'll unravel

It all, just for fun !" — Selected.

SWARMING.

Wliat I Know About the Pre-
vention of Swarming^.

Written for the Amerwan Bee Journal
BY JAMES HEDDON.

The following is sent to me to an-
swer in the columns of the American
Bee Journal ;

I have a neighbor who has made a honey-
house. A dry goods box at least three feet
wide, and long, and high, is placed in the
loft of his barn, with a large door in front,
fitted with a pane of glass, over which a
dark curtain di'ops. Across the uuderside
of the top of the loox, slats are nailed, and
between these are rows of auger-holes.
Above these is placed a bottomless hive,
with an entrance cut out through the side
of the barn.

The theory is. that the bees in that hive
will never swarm, but will keep on filling
that honey -house. The honey is to be cut
out in the fall.

Now, I have a, notion of putting a swarm
of bees where they will "stay put," pro-
vided I can- find any such place ; but it
seems to me that bees prefer to carry honey
up above their brood-chamber, so I wonder
why the "honey-house" should not be put
on top of the hive, or would the bees have
to travel too far before they got up to the
top to start comb; The ^question I wish to
ask is, will a colony swarm under such con-
ditions? If not, why not have a home sup-
ply furnished in this way, giving one jusl
so much more time to attend to bees in
regular hives. . Kit Clover.

In response to the above, from one
whom I do not know, desiring me to
write what I know and believe about
the difl'erent methods of preventing
bees from swarming, and especially by
virtue of the construction of their habi-
tation, allow me to say that I feel very
positive that whoever makes anj'thing
such as is described in that letter, and
puts bees into it, either in a barn or
anywhere else, will not do so but once.

I knew a man once, who had a bee-
hive in a closet in his house, the bees

working in and out through the siding.
The hive was a real good one, with
modern surplus arrangement, and all
that, and the year being a bounteous
one, h(! got a fine lot of surplus honej'.
In a jocular waj', he , said that he
thought the reason of the big yield was
that every time the workers flew out,
they looked back at the house, and
supposed that they had the whole
thing to fill, and waded in accordingl}'.
This jok(; comes about as near scien-
tific facts as does the building of big
boxes with glass fronts, etc.

Bees are not as apt to swarm out of
a great box, seven or eight times too
big foi- a colony, as thej- are from a
proper sized hive, but they are more
apt to die in winter, and far more
likely to become extinct from loss of
the queen. The correspondent had ^
better put the bees in a common hive,
and keep them in the ordinary way,
even if she never looks after the
swarms at all, and let the swarms go
to the woods. Even then she will have
more monej' and more bees at the end
of ten j'ears.

The best and only really efficient
non-swarming theory that has been
proven to work in practice, is the one
set forth years ago by Gen. D. A.
Adair, of Kentucky, viz : Make one
long, horizontal brood-chamber ; fill
it with about thirty Langstroth frames,
and manipulate them so as to keep the
brood-nest always in the rear end of
the hive. Of course, the frames run
crosswise of the hive, but the entrance
must be in one end of the trough-like
brood-chamber. Always keep some
empty frames (not only empty of all
brood and honey, but of all comb) in
the front end of this long box, and not
one colon}' in thirty will swarm, one
year with another.

While such an arrangement as the
above is far more practical than the
one described in Kit Clover's letter, it
is not good, and after having been
tried by many skilled bee-keepers, it
has all gone entirely out of use.

Dowagiac, Mich.

A Special Club Rate.

A Magazine of the choice literary charac-
ter which the Illustrated Home JonR:NAX,
sustains, will add many pleasures to any
"family circle." Its beautiful illustrations
and interesting I'eading-matter will make it
heartily welcomed at every " fireside."

We desire that every one of our readers
should secure its regular visits during the
year 1890, and in order to induce them to
do so, we will make this tempting offer :

We will Club the American Bee Journal
and the Illustrated Home Journal, and
mail both periodicals during the whole year
1890 for $1.C0, if the order is received at
this office by March 31, 1890— when this
olfer will end, the regular rate being $1.75.

204

Tmm mvmmmi^mm wmm j@^itH.Mi^.

GOIVTEIVTIOK DIRECTORY.

1890. Time and place of meeting.

Mar. 20.-Carolina, at Charlotte, N. C.

N. P. Lyles, Sec, Derlta, N. C.

April 16, 17.— Missouri State, at Marshall, Mo.

J. W. House, Sec, Santa Fe, Mo.

May 1.— Southwestern Wisconsin, at BoBcobel, Wis.
Benj E. Rice, Sec, Boseobel, Wis.

May 3.— Susquehanna Co.. at Hopbottom, Pa.

H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.

May 7, 8.— Texas State, at Greenville, Tex.

J. N. Hunter, Sec, Celeste, Tex.

May 19.— Northern Illinois, at Cherry Valley, Ills.
D. A. Fuller, Sec, Cherry Valley, Ills.

' In order to have this table complete,

Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — The Editor.

Oood Record in Wintering:.

I put into the cellar 40 colonies of bees
last November, and to-day I took them out,
all alive and in good condition. Who can
beat this record? C. S. Hill.

Freeport, Ills., March 13, 1890.

the bees were very uneasy. The outside
doors were kept open at night, still the
bees kept on roaring, and at last I put in a
ventilator, made of three-inch stove-pipe,
reaching from the cellar directly over the
bees, up through the floor, and connecting
with the pipe from the stove in the room
over the bee-cellar. There has been a con-
stant draft through this pipe, but all to no
purpose. With the exception of three or
four days at a time, the bees have been un-
easy all winter, and I shall consider myself
very fortunate if half the colonies live to
be put on the summer stands. The tem-
perature has ranged from 43 to 51 degrees.

Here let me say that my experience
(though I admit it is short — 4 years) would
indicate that bees will winter better at a
temperature ranging from 35 to 40 de-
grees, than any higher. Two years ago
they were wintered in a cellar where the
mercury stood below 30 degrees for six
weeks, and yet they came through in fine
condition. As warm as this winter has
been, I believe that the bees would have
been much better off on the summer stands
until Christmas; and I doubt if there are
half a dozen prominent bee-keepers in the
United States, who actually put their bees
in before Nov. 1 ; if so, I would like to hear
from them through the Bee Joukxal.

8. H. Herrick.

Rockford, Ills., March 5, 1890.

Very Warm 'tVinter Weatlier.

The weather here last night was 3 de-
grees below zero, and this morning it is 8
degrees above. It has been very warm
here all winter, and the bees flew every
few days; the last time that they had a
flight, they soiled up the outside of the
hives the worst that I ever saw them do.
The next day they flew again, then cleaned
the hives out, and things looked better.
Can any one tell what effect the warm
winter will have on the wintering of bees
out-of-doors; Enwix Hutchinson.

East Avon, N. Y., March 7, 1890.

Bees Ciettins: Siiort ut' Stores.

The winter throughout this portion of the
State has been an open one — so much so
that our bees have had a good flight several
times since the beginning of the winter
months. The bees are getting very short
of honey, and quite a number of colonies
have already starved throughout the coun-
ty, from the fact that but little honej' was
obtained after August of last year: how-
ever, a good supply was obtained from
white clover and the linden bloom. I had
to feed up quite a number of late swarms,
as no honey was olitaiued for winter use
from the fall flowers. The American Bee
Journal is still a welcome visitor on my
desk. J. M. Young.

Plattsmouth, Nebr., March 8, 1890.

Puttinar Bees in too Early.

Dr. Miller says in his reply to Mr. M. M.
Baldridge's letter, on page 146, that he is
" looking to see a report from those who
have put in bees too early." Now I V)elieve
I am one of "those." On the way home
from the Chicago Convention, last fall, in
a conversation with Mr. D. A. Fuller and
myself, the Doctor remarked that he in-
tended putting his bees into the cellar im-
mediately on getting home. Now, Dr.
Miller has been, and still is, my "apostle"
in bee-keeping, and, following his advice, I
put my bees in as soon as possible — about
Oct. 30. The weather continued warm, and

My Experience ^vith Bees.

I started two years ago this spring with
40 colonies of bees, and I now have 180 in
the cellar, which are wintering well so far.
I had rented a farm two years, and last
spring I bought 80 acres of land, and built
a house, shop and bee-cellar, and improved
a little on the place.

Henrt Hurdlebrink.

Reno, Minn., March 11, 1890.

ling fires. Notice this frame embodies the
break-joint principle, and will do all that
any honey-board could do, in preventing
bridge-combs being tied to surplus fixtures,
restraining queens, etc. ; and I think that it
is also possible to cut slots in the centre of
the l?s-inch bars so accurate as to require
no perforated zinc whatever. These frames
being wide, makes them more stable for
moving about, and by making the short
pieces that the invertible part is pivoted to,
the same width as the tijp, it becomes as
solid for transportation as could be de-
sired. I also will test them the coming sea-
son and report, and hope that many will
do the same. J. W. Clark.

Clarksburg, Mo.

Xlie Results offcast Season.

I commenced the season of 1889 with
100 colonies of Italian bees, increased them
to 176, and secured 3,500 pounds of sur-
plus honey. This is a very poor showing
for that number of colonies, but the season
was very unfavorable for the production
of honey — the poorest that I ever experi-
enced since I have been in the business.
Last fall I placed 144 colonies in the cellar,
and left 32 on the summer stands. They
seem to be wintering very well, but I ex-
pect to lose some in the spring.

Daniel Whitmek.

South Bend, Ind., March 10, 1890.

C'oirt Weatlier— Wintering Well.

We are now having the most protracted
cold spell here that we have had during
the winter, which has been mostly open,
and no sleighing until now. There has now
been about a week of fair sleighing, and
the thermometer is below zero every 34
hours. Bees, so far as I know, are winter-
ing in good condition ; my own are the most
quiet this winter of any I ever had in the
cellar, and I think that all that were in
good condition last fall, will winter without
loss. There was one or two colonies that I
transferred from trees in the woods, too
late last fall to get in shape to winter, and
I expect to lose them. Hereafter, I will
make short work of such swarms found
late in the fall. L. J. Clark.

Wiscoy, Minn., March 7, 1890.

An Open fVinter tor Bees.

My bees are, to all appearances, winter-
ing nicely. There never was ^a winter in
all my experience, where tlie bees have
been confined to their hives so little as they
have this winter. There has not been a
week during which they have not been able
to fiy more or less — rather more than less —
and I think that less would be better.

B. T. Bleasdale.

Cleveland, O., March 13, 1890.

InTertible Brootl-Franie.

Mr. W. C. Lyman rejjorted a new brood-
frame on page 163, and promised a trial
the coining season and a report. Now I
had invented the same frame, and had
made a model of it for inspection and
criticism of bee-keepers at a convention on
March 8, at Boonville, Mo. ; and I was
somewhat chagrined, when I saw the re-
port bj- Mr. Lyman. This frame, no doul>t,
is the out gi'owth of former improvements
given to bee-keepers that have been thor-
oughly tested. I will prophesy that this is
the crowning invention in bee-keeping ap-
pliances, and will remain so for some time
to come. Did I not know the disposition of
people to hold tenaciously to such fixtures
as they had become accustomed to, I would
say that no more old style brood-frames
will be manufactured, and the stock on
hand must be made over, or used for kind-

Siicccsstiil Winterius' of Bees.

Bees are doing well in this locality. I
winter them in the cellar, and have lost
none so far. In fact, I have wintered from
7 to 40 colonies in the cellar every winter
for the last nine years, and have never lost
any save a few— 1 or 5 weak ones, that
were second oi>third swarms, and died for
want of supplies. I generally put tbeiu in
about the middle of November, and take
them out about the middle of March or the
first of April. This year the weather was
so unusuall}^ warm, that I took them out on
Feb. 38, as the cellar was damp, from hav-
ing had a little water in it in the early part
of the winter, and I was afraid that the
combs would get moldy, as thej' did one
winter several years ago, but I did not lose
any bees by it, but it made them a great
deal of work to clean the combs, and it
made them late in swarming. Bees did
fairly well here last year — mine averaged
85 pounds of comb honey in one-pound
sections, and doubled in increase. I use the
Salisbury hive — 8xlS.xl8 inches, inside
measurement, with 13 movable frames,
and tight bottom-board ; I practice the tier-
ing system, and sell my honey at home. I
have made a few shipments to Chicago, but
I find that it pays better to depend upon
the home market.

J. D. Mandeville, M. D.

Philo, Ills., March 7, 1890.

U^" Clubs for anything in our Premium
List may be for either of our Journals, or
for any number of either or both of them.

Twm mTmuMJcwH mmm jQ^'umnKi^.

205

filJiilHl

BUSINESS MANAGER.
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Ilusiuess IJoticts,

1^" Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should notify us at once.

1[^" Money in Potatoes, by Mr. Joseph
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at this office.

J^" Send us one i^EW subscriber, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

H^" Red Labels are nice for PaOs which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, with name and addi'ess printed.
Sample free.

j;^" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 35 cents per ounce, by express.

{r^° The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which 3^ou have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

H^" Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

li^" Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jouk-
NAi at $1.85 for the two; or with both our
Home Journal and Bee Journal for $3.50
for all three papers.

Jl^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Sou" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please wi'ite A.merlcan Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
s^ve confusion and dela}'.

E^" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

" 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 25

•' 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

IF^" W hen talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book,
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

I^" We ofifer the Monthly Philadelphia
Farm Journal, and either the American
Bee Journal or Illustrated Home Jour-
nal for one year, for the small sum of $1 . 20.
Or, we will give it free for one year to any
one who will send us one new subscriber for
either of our Journals with $1.00 (the sub-
scription price).

CATARRH.

CATARRHAL DEAFNESS-HAY FEVER.
A New Home Treatment.

Sufferers arc not generally aware that
these diseases are contagious, or that they
are due to tlio presence of living parasites
in the lining iiiembrane of the nose and
eustachian tuljes. Microscopic research,
however, has jn'oved this to be a fact, and
the result of tliis discovery is that a simple
remedy has lieen formulated whereby
catarrh, catarrhal deafness and hay fever
are permanently cured in from one to three
simple applications made at home by the
patient once in two weeks.

N. B. — This treatment is not a snuff or an
ointment; both have been discarded by
reputable physicians as injurious. A
pamphlet explaining this new treatment is
sent free on receipt of stamp to pay pos-
tage, by A. H. Dixon & Son, 337 and 339
West King Street, Toronto, Canada. —
Christian Advocate.

Sufferers from Catarrhal troubles should
carefully read the above.
50E36t Iraly.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

WONDERFUL

Nearly every one is familiar with the name, but
it has been estimated that only one in every 280

Sersons in the United States is fortunate enough to
ave access to tlie valuable information ctmtained
within the covers of the gramiest work ever written
by mortal man -WEBSTER'S UNABRIDGED

DICTIONARY. That this is an unfortunate stale of
affairs will be admitted by all, and it is due to the
fact that no one save the rich could afford them.

The Dictionary is a necessity in every home, school
and business-hnuse. It fills a vacancy and furnishes
knowledtie which no HHJ volumes of the choicest
books could supply, and all. young or old. educated
or ignorant, rich i >r poor, should have it within reach,
and refer to its contents every day in the year.

The "Lo(miis Re-print" contains all the matter as
compiled and arranged by our esteemed and honored
author and statesman— Noah "Webster. About 40
years of hia life was devoted to this great work; and
when we consider the fact that this book contains
about 100.000 words with their correct spelling,
derivation and definition, we will appreciate that
these years must have been well spent.

Some Idea of the magnitude of this book may be
gained from the fact that it contains over 440 cubic
inches of paper, and has about 3tK),000 square inches
of printed surface. This is a cheap, re-print edition
without illusirattons.

In addition to the 100.000 words, it contains a
portrait of the author, together with his biography,
and a valuable table of 12,01-h:i synonymous words.

OUR SPECIAL OFFER

For this valuaVile Dictionary is as follows :
We will club it with this Journal one year
—both for S3. 25. Or, we will sell the
Dictionary alone for fi3.50. Or, we will
PRESENT it to anyone who gets up a club of
10 NEW subscribers to either or both of our
Journals, and sending us ijlO.OO to pay for
them.

These prices are for the Dictionary
delivered at the Express Office in this City,
or packed witli other goods.

We will send it, post-paid, to the destina-
tion for 68 cents additional.

This immense book, wrapped for mailing,
weighs S'.: pounds.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

216 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

MILWAUKEE, March l.T.— The demand for
honey is very Kood, and i hi- snpplv Is I'air. We
riuoto: While l-lbs.,lL'f" i:!c-:in.l if alwolulcly
perfect, sometimes 14c. : ehoice, white S-lbs.,
12(^1.12 [ic; cUu-k 1-lbs., lofcllc: oiil l-lbs..
SfijUc. K.\triHtoil, while, in barrels and half-
barrels. 7!, ("He; in paiis and tin, Hf/tH'/ic:
dark, in barrels and half-barrels, 0(5i0!^c.
Heeswax, 22(^25c.

A. V. BISHOP, 143 W. Water St.

DENVER, March 8.— 1-lb. sections, ISffjl.-jc;
E.xtriicted, 7(is8c. There is sulHcient comb
honey to siipjily the market till the new crop
arrives. liecswax, 20fy.'2.'»u.

J. M. ( LAKK COM. CO., irin Blake St.

DETROIT, March 7.— Comb honey is quoted
atll©ll)c. Supply not large, but sales slow.
Extracted, 7@8c. Beeswax, firm at •J4(ia2."jc.
M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.

KANSAS CITY, March 6.-The demand for
honey is improvingr a little, but it is no better
in prices. White 1-lbs., ll@12c.; white 2-lbs.;
10@.llc. ; fall 1-lbs., 9@10c. ; 2-lbs., 8@,!)c. Ex-
tracted, wliite, 7c.; dark, 5@6c. Beeswax, 22c.
CLBMONS, CLOON & CO.,

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

CHICAGO, Mar. 13.— We quote: White clo-
ver in active demand and quick sales, on arri-
val ; 1-lbs., I3®14c.; 2-lbs., 12@12'/2C. Bass-
wood 1-lbs., 12@13c. Buckwheat 1-lbs., 8®
9c. Extr.acted, e'/zQT'/ic. Beeswax — bright,
2.'i@26c.; dark, 23@24c.

S. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St.

CHICAGO, March 6.— Honey is sellinsr tjuite
well in a small way, at 12®j13c. for white 1-
Ibs., and lOc. for 2-lbs. ; dark is slow at 8®10c.
Receipts are heavier than usual for this sea-
son of the year, but all is called for as fast as
it arrives. Extracted is dull at 6(2180. Bees-
wax, 25c.

R. A. BURNETT, 161 S. Water St.

BOSTON, March 11.— Fancy 1-lbs., 16c. Any-
thing ofl-8'rade sells considerably below 16c.
Two-lbs., 15c. , for the best quality. Extracted,
7'/4®8'/^e. No beeswax on hand.

BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham St.

CINCINNATI, March 7.— Good demand for
extracted hone.v, especially from manufactu-
rers at 5@8c. Comb honey, 12@15c. for best.
Demand fair.

Beeswax is in good demand at 20®2oe. for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH ,& SON.
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

Cln1>s of 5 for $4.00 to any addresses.
Ten for $7.50, if all are sent at one time.

Ilandlins^ Bees.— This is the title of
a nice pamphlet containing 38 pages and a
cover. Just issued by Chas. Dadant & Son.
It is a chapter from their book, Langstroth
Revised, and is an excellent thing for be-
ginners. Price, 8 cents. For sale at this
office.

^duertiscmciits.

READY TO SHIP l^l^iJ^'^JIl^r^flS^

—3 for $2.75. Ready April 1st. Nuclei cheap.
Send for Prioe-List. COLWICK & COLWICK,
Norse, Bosque Co., Texas. 12A6t

JAPANESE BUCKWHEAT

80 cts. per bushel. New bag's thrown iu.
K. C Easlesfield, Iterlin. IVis.

IT

BEES AND HONEY

Dovetailed StroneoBt* Itent an!
C hcapc-»it BKE-II I VL for all purpos-

l'l.■as.-^ ,-v,Tyi.i"iv-. S'^mi your ad-
5 [11 the Larjcfttt Bec-TIIve Fac-
tor?- In the \Vorld f^r sample copr of
4<li antnffA In Bee Culture <aSlil1us-
I It :ii semi-mtintblT), and a 44 p. i!lu=-
rat id caialoEue "of Itee-Keepcr8'
"ouppllefw Our A IS C of Bee Cul-
ture 13 ft cycloppdia oT 400 pp., 6x10. hinl
Price in cloth. gl.S^. ty .Vmtfon

13 paper A. I. ROOT, hPPtO'-n^. O,

206

Tmm mB^Mmi€MM mmm j@'^mhmiu.

Money for All

SELLING OUR

FRUIT TREES, ROSES & ORNAMENTALS,

At honest Prices. We will l:ike Bees ;iod Sup-
plies in payment; Catalogue free.

J. B. ALEXANDER & CO.,

Golden Kule Nurseries,
12A2t Hartford City, Ind.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

PAI) ^\IV t Italian Bees and Queen.v,

rvR lljlLIi • in small and large lots, at a

VERY Lciw PRICE. Address, Otto Kleinow,

No. 1 50 Military Ave., Detroit, Mich. 12Att'

Mention the American Bee Journal.

WANT TO EXCHANGE

Apiarian Supplies for 500 Empty Bee-Combs.
Will pav part cash. AfUlress,
12Alt J. B. iTIUKKAVS ADA, OHIO.
Mention tin American Bee Journal.

By the use of my
Improved spacer.
an ordinary llanghig
Frame Hive is con-
verted into a Rever-
sible, or Movable
Hive. A Hive is
quickly and currectJy
spaced, and the
frames are lield in
their proper position
and will not be lift-
ed when removing

. -. -. — ^— ^ " ' ■' ' ■ the cover if thoy are

fastened to it by brace-combs. A contracted hive is
made movable or invertible. !n adopting this, it re-
quires no change in a hanging-frame hive. Price of
Brood-t'hamlier and 8 Frames. $l..'iO. One Hive and
one doz. extra Spacers. $4.U(.i. In ordering, state what
frames you use and give the width ot your hive,
inside. J. B. WILUOX, Manistee, Mich.

12E4t

Mention the American Bee Journal.

A Year among the Bees,

A Talk about aome of the Implements, Plans

and Practices of a Bee-keeper of 25 years'

Experience, who has for H yfurs made the

Production of Honey his Excbisive

Bitainess.

Price* tS centB, by mail. This Is a new work
of about 114 pajres, well-printed ana nicely bound
In cloth. Address,

THOS. G. NEAVIT AN & SON,

Madison St,. CHICAGO, ILL

NEWSPAPER
ADVERTISING 1-:^:

i75th Edition Now Ready.
A book of over i2'io pages,
giving more inforniHtion
I'f vahie to advertisers
any other jmblica-
I ever issued, it gives
name of every news-
paper pubiislieil, having a circulatiim rating in the
American Newspaper Directory of more than ^.5,001)
copies each issue, with thecostper line for advertis-
ing in them. A list of the best papers of local circu-
lation, in every city and town of more than 5,ono pop-
ulation with prices by the inch for i month. Special
lists of daily, country, village and class papers.
Bargain offers of value to small advertisers or those
wishing to experiment judiciously with a small
amount of money. Shows conc-lusively "how to get
the most service for the m-jncy.'' etc.. etc. Sent
puBt-paid to unv address ft^r 30 cents. Address, Geo.
P. RoWELL &. Co.. i'ublishers and General Adver-
tising Agents, lu Spruce Street, New York City.
12A3t

Mention the American Bee Journal.

THE NEW HEDDON HIVE.

WE have a few of those Hives, complete,
for sale at $3.00 each— (o close them out.
We cannot All any ovrters foi' them in the flat,
nor these nailed ones, after our present stock
is exhausted. The few we have are nailed and
painted. Order promptly. Address,

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
246 East Madison Street. - CHICAGO, ILLS.

HANDLING BEES

APAMPHL,ET, treating of the taming-
and handling of bees. Just the thing for
beginners. It is a chapter from " Tlie Hive
and Honey-Bee, revised." Price, 8 cts.
Advice to beg'inners. Circulars, &c., free.

CHAS. DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ills.

For Comb Foiiiulation Mills,

WHITE TO

W. C. PEIiHAM, maysville, Kj .

10E.3t

Mention the American Bee Journal.

CARNTflT AN QI'eens & bees
jfl.J.li'l J.U-Lrli'l bred the coming sea-
son from Imported Mothers, will be ready
to send out the Isl or.riiue. Send for
FREE Circular, to JOHN ANDREWS, Pattens
Mills, Wash. Co., N. Y. lOEtf

Mention tlieAincriain Bee Journal.

REVIEW

Keepers'

R SO-eent monthly that: gives

the efeam of apieultupal litefatufe;

points cut efpops and fallaeious

ideas; and gives, eaeh month, the

vietus of leading bee-kecpet*s upon

Sonne special topie. Three sannples

fpee. Sond fof them, and leafn houj

to get the back numbefs cheaply.

W. z:. HUTCHiriSON, pUnt, IVIieh.
lOEtf

Mention the American Bee Journal.

SOMETHING NEW,

Our 18i)0 16-page Circular tif Bee-Keepers' Supplies.
Send came on a Postal Card. Address,
6Etf JNO. NEBEL & SON. High Hill. Mo.

Mention the American Bee Journal,

Hr^ "fJlRAME, North Manchester. Ind.,
• VT. _C breeder of Italian and Car-
niolan Queens. Bees by the pound and
Nucleus. Price-List free. Reference— First
National Bank. lOEtf

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPI^IES!

WE are prepared to furnish bee-keepers
with Supplies promptly, and at g-reatly
reduced rates. Estimalrs trladly furnished,
and corresv>ondeni-'e solicited. Our jioods are
unexcelled in quality and workmanship.

Italian Queens and Bees at a very low
price. Send for large illustrated Price-List,
free. Alley's Queen and Drone-Trap and
S\varm-Hi\t:r always on hand.

A, F. STAUFFER & CO.,

40Etf STERLING. Whiteside Co., ILL.

Mcntio)i tlie American Bee Journal.

Extra Tliin Comb Foundation.

In 25-Pouiid Boxes.

WE CAN now furnish the Van Denseii
Extra-Thin Flat-Bottom Fodnd.ition
put up in 25-lb. Boxes, in sheets 16!4x28
inches, at $12.50 per box. 12 ft. to the lb.
^P~ The above is a special offer, and is a
Bar$;alu to all who can use that quantity.

All orders for any other quantity than
exactly 25 lbs. (or its multiple) will be filled
at the regular price— 60 cents per lb.

THOS. G, NEWMAN dc SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILLS.

^Onri TR PontC Ipr my Boot, entitled-"A
OClIU ID bClllO Tear among the Beea:'-
114 pages, cloth bound. Address,

DR. C. C. imiiliER,

20Atf MARENGO, ILLS.

Muth's Honey Extractoi,

Perfection Gold-Blast Smokers,
SQUARE GLASS HONEY-JARS, etc.

For Circulars, apply to

CIIARl.i:8 F. SIT7TH d: SON,

Tor. Freeman & Central Aves., CINCINNATI, O.
P. 8.— Send IOC. for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepera

(Established in lSfi4).

REMOVED f omcoburgtoRed Oakjowa

where we now have the most extensi\e steam-
power Faetory in the West used exclusively
for the manufacture of

RCC-suppLiErsr

mm k k We furnish Everything- needed
in the Apiar.^-, of practical con-
struction, and at the loivest price. Satisfac-
tion guaranteed. Send for our 40-page illus-
trated Catalogue— free to all. Address,

E. Krelclmier, Red Oak, lotva.

.5Aflt— 14E9t

British. Bee Jo-urnal

AND BEE-EEEFEKS' ADVISES,

IS published every week, at 6». 6d. per
annum. It contains the very best practical
information for the apiarist. It is edited by
Thomas Wm. Cowan, F.G.S., F.R.M.S., etc., and
published by John Huckle, King's Langley
Herts, England

LOOK HERE!

NICE, White, No. 1 V-GToovod One - Piece
SECTIONS only $3.00 per M.
Twelve-Pound Shipping-Cases, in the flat,
no Gliiss, $(5 per 100. Glass, 2x9, 70c. per 100.
f^~ Price-£.lst Free.

Address. J. M. KINZIE,

20Aly ROCHESTER, Oakland Co., MICH

BEE-HIVES, SECTIONS, ETC.

WE make the best Bee-Hives, Sbipping-
Crates, Sections, &c., in the world, and
sell them the cheapest. We are offering our
choicest white 1-piece 4^x4^ Sections, in lots
of 500, at $3.50 per 1,000. iW Parties wanting
more, should write for special prices. No. 2
Sections at $2.00 per M. Catalogues free, but
sent only when ordered. Address,

G. B. IiEWIS <k CO.,

WATERTOWN, WIS.

BEESWAX WANTED.

Bees-wax.-— We will pay 3.> cents per

poiuid, in Cash, tor Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
ered here.

1^'" To avoid mistakes, the name of the
shipper should always be ou each package.

THOS. G. NEWITIAN & SON,

!46 East Madison Street, CHICAGO. 11,1,8.

THE SWARM HIVER

By Mail, iind the American Apiculturist
one year for$1.50. Circular aud Sample Copies
free. Address,

American Apiciiltnrist, Wenham, Mass.
9Atf

LITIIER W. GRAY, 'ii^^-^^^

QueeiiK. Tested Queens, $1.50: Untested, 75
cents, or $8.00 per doz. Two or more pounds
of Bees in 1, 2, 3 or 4-framc Nuclei, with Queen
at above price, 75 cts. per pound. llAtf

Mention the American Bee Journal.

TAKE NOTICE!

BEFORE placing yourOrders for SUPPLIES,
write for prices on One-Piece Basawood Sections
Bee - Hivea. bhipping - Craies, t'rames, Foundation,
Smokers, etc. Address,

R. H. SCHMIDT A. CO.,

lAly NEW LONDON, Waupaca Co., WIS.

T'Ml^ MMlSRICnrf MBM JO-URIflS]:,.

211

PUBLISHED BY „„„

THO S . G . NEWMAN ^ SON^,

C H I CyVGOi ILL.

THOMAS e. ]^E1IV9IAIV,

EDITOR.

VoLim Marct 29, 1890, No. 13.

" If the weather is fair,"
Said the butterfly, jauntily and free,

" If the weather is fair,
I'll go dance in the meadow there !"
" And I," said the prudent bee,
" Will be early at work, you will see—

If the weather is fair !"

Tlie Rev. W. F. Clarke,, President
of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association,
gave us a call last week. He is troubled
■with sciatica, and has to use a cane and a
crutch. We had a pleasant visit with him,
and hope he will soon recover his usual
health. Our readers will soon have the
pleasure of seeing articles from his pen
again ; other duties which prevented such
for several months, have been so arranged
as to allow him to resume his pen for the
American Bee Jodrnai,.

VTaltei-Hamier is pretty well-known
as the ingenious inventor of penny pack-
ages for honey. His latest invention in
that line is a small cone 3J.2 inches high,
IJ^ inches at the base, and running to a
peak. The "wrapper "is thin comb foun-
dation, which is filled with candied honey,
making an enticing sweet-meat to be sold
for 2 cents at fairs or candy stores. It can
be taken by the fingers and eaten like a
piece of candy. It is cheap, enticing and
delicious.

1j. a. Aspinwall was elected Presi-
dent of the corporation of Three Rivers,
Mich., by S17 majority. We congratulate
Mr. A. upon his popularity at home. Bee-
keepers will have nothing to complain of in
that town ; for if President Aspinwall does
not enlighten the fossils, it will be a hope-
less task for any one else.

Anollicr IljM-.Esoape.— The engrav-
ing shows the latest Bee Escape as devised
by Mr. C. Russell, of Conesville, N. Y. An
inner triangle surrounds the e.xit hole, (A),
presenting a passage-way (B) to the bees

which enter the Escape at (C). The engrav-
ing shows the underside of the Escape.

We have received another sample of a
Bee-Escape from Mr. Reese, of Kentucky,
of which we will present an engraving with
a descriptive article next week.

Bogfus Extracted Honey. — We

have received the following from Mr. T. H.
Kloer, of Terre Haute, Ind., dated March
19, 1890:

I have sent to the Bee Journal office a
small jar labeled, "Pure Clover Honey;
Albert Botsford Co., Chicago." The jars
are in two sizes, the one which I sent being
the smaller size. The article has been sold
extensively in this city during the past
winter, interfering considerably with the
sale of extracted honey. It has been kept
by most grocers. Will you be so kind as to
give me your valued opinion as to the con-
tents of the jar — both the liquid and solid
portions of it? Of course, I have my
opinion, and have expressed it freely ; but
an expression from you, might convey con-
viction in many places, where I alone would
fail. I act only for the good of the fra-
ternity. Please reply in the American Bee
Journal. T. H. Kloer.

Upon receipt of the jar referred to in the
above letter, we immediately investigated
the matter. We found that the office of
the " Albert Botsford Co." was located in a
dark and dingy basement of a building on
one of the worst streets of this city. At
the time we called, there were several
young girls at work bottling, or canning,
cucumber pickles, in a room just opposite
the main office. We saw Mr. Botsford, and
enquired in regard to the "honey" in jars
that we understood he had for sale. Going
to the canning room, he told one of the girls
to get a " sample of that honey," which she
succeeded in finding after some delay.

We took the sample (which was a half-
pint glass jar full of a dark liquid with a
piece of honey -comb in it), held it up to the
light, and then said, "Is this pure honey?"
"Oh, no," replied Mr. Botsford; "it is a

mixture of ijlucosc and honey — about one-
third glucose and two-thirds honey."

We should say that the " stuff" is mainly
a poor article of glucose, with a little buck-
wheat honey to flavor it; the small crust
which was candied showing the amount of
honey— the li.juid being poor glucose.

"Do you sell much of it?" we ventured.
" Oh, yes," ho replied. He then said that
a man in Indiana (at Terre Haute), who
had been fighting this article of "honey"
all winter, had just written him a letter
asking for prices, and stating that he
wanted to keep it for sale ; that a great
deal of it was used there ; and that pure
honey was too dear. "I'll read you the
letter," he finally said. He did so, and we
were surjjrised to learn that it was from
Mr. Kloer, himself. Of course we are well
aware that it was a decoy letter.

Mr. Botsford informed us that he could
sell the half-pint jars of the " honey " to us
for Jil.OO per dozen, and that it should
retail for 15 cents per jar; that the demand
was increasing, etc. "How any sane per-
son would use such miserable stuff, when
the pure article can be had at a less price,
is beyond our comprehension," we thought !

Bee-keepers should learn a valuable les-
son from this. What they should do is, to
teach their neighbors the difference be-
tween such villainous compounds and the
genuine sweet as gathered and stored by
the bees. It should be the aim of each bee-
keeper to educate every family in his
neighborhood, or township, so that they
will accept nothing in the line of honey,
but the pure and unadulterated article.

This can be accomplished in no other
way so well as by distributing the Honey
Almanacs in every locality. Let your
motto be, " An Almanac in every house-
hold, and honey on every table." When
this is done, there will be no more com-
plaints about low prices and no demand for
the best and healthiest article of food and
medicine in existence to-day. (See prices
of the Almanacs on page 224).

Mr. C. F. Muth has sent us one of
his shipping-crates to hold 12 one-pound
sections. It is simple, neat and substantial.
Crates to hold only one tier of section are
the most desirable ; those holding two tiers
of sections are often the cause of much
trouble when carelessly handled. A good
piece of manilla paper between the tiers
is essential in a shipping-crate which holds
more than one tier of sections, to protect
the lower sections from leakage above.

IIt^° A correspondent of the new State
of Washington writes thus on March 10,
1890:

We have snow, showers and sunshine
much after the Michigan April to-day, with
the exception that we do not have much
wind. As usual, the snow melts as it falls,
and we have mud. Robins are about, but
the song of the frog is hushed in the cool
ail" and the " beautiful snow."

212

TH® mB^mmiG-mm mmw j&issmMmju.

Pause and Xtaink.

Onr trials we could soften,

If we'd only pause and think.
Tears would not flow so often,

If we'd only pause and think.
Our skies would all be brighter,
And our burdens would be lighter.
Our deeds would all be whiter
If we'd only pause and think.

We would not proceed so blindly

If we'd only pause and think.
We would never speak unkindly

If we'd only pause and think.

We would cease unrest to borrow.

Darkly clouding each to-morrow,

We would banish worlds of sorrow

If we'd only pause and think. — Scl.

Awards at the Late Paris Ex-
position.— Concerning these Awards, we
would refer our readers to a circular issued
by the United States Department of Agri-
culture, and dated at Washington, D. C,
March 10, 1890, which reads as follows;

Frequent inquiries are being received at
this Department by those who received
awards at the late Paris Exposition, as to
how to go to work to obtain their awards,
when they can be obtained, etc. All that
■we have been able hitherto to say in reply-
ing to these inquiries was, that, first, ac-
cording to a decision of the authorities, no
medals (except perhaps those of bronze)
will be struck, but diplomas indicating the
kind of award will he issued, and it will
devolve upon the awardee to pay for the
striking of the medal if he wishes one;
second, judging from experience with pre-
ceding Expositions, it will be many months
before the diplomas are distributed, and
they wiU be distributed, when ready,
through the State Department.

The Journal des Debats of Jan. 10 last,
contained official information which will be
interesting in this connection. It announces
that : the copies of the diplomas intended
for exhibitors who received awards will
not be delivered before March 1, though by
the terms of contract, they should have
been delivered by Jan. 1. The delay is due
to an accident which happened to the en-
graver. It is further announced that,
"The diplomas will in any event be en-
tirely distributed, as at present advised, by
Aug. 1, 1890, by which time all of the
bronze medals which are to accompany
diplomas, indicating recompenses above
the grade of honorable mention, will also
be distributed. '

Further information as to details of cost
and methods of obtaining the higher medals
awarded, will no doubt be sent out by
Commissioner General Franklin as soon as
obtained.

In this connection I take pleasure in
stating that, in addition to awards to
American exhibitors in the Agricultural
Exhibit there was received, some time
since, a supplementary list of awards to
collaborators who helped in their exhibit,
including the following not , mentioned in
the original list sent out last November.

CLASS 76.— USEFUL INSECTS.

SILVER MEDALS.

N. W. McLain, St. Anthony's Park, Minn.
Philip Walker, Washington, D. C.

BRONZE MEDALS.

A. J. Cook, Lansing, Mich.

G. W. Demaree, Christiansburg, Ey.

W. T. Falconer, Jamestown, N. Y.

G. L. Tinker, New Philadelphia, O.

A. C. Tyrrel, Madison, Nebr.

James Heddon, Dowagiac, Mich.

C. F. Muth & Son, Cincinnati, O.

Thomas G. Newman & Son, Chicago, Ills.

A. I. Root, Medina, O.

J. Van Deusen & Sons, Sprout Brook, N. Y.

A summary of the awards in the Agricul-
tural Exhibit shows the following results:
Grand prizes, 7 ; gold medals, 40 ; silver
medals, 68 ; bronze medals, 54; honorable
mentions, 39 ; and a comparison with the
American awards in the same classes at
previous Paris Expositions, or with those
in other classes in 1889, must needs be
gratifying to all concerned in the agricul-
tural exhibit at the late Exposition.

J. M. Rusk, Sec.

We can see no reason for the long delays
in supplying the medals, etc. In August,
1879, we were awarded a sil-ver medal for
an exhibit at Prague, Austria, and though
eleven years have nearly elapsed the medal
has not been received. We need a reform
in the management of such exhibitions.
Let the management of the Columbian
World's Fair in 1892, set an example to
the world in this matter, by prompt de-
livery of prizes awarded.

lia tSrippe. — The epidemic that raged
all winter throughout Europe and America
is a disease that makes its visits only about
once in a century in an epidemic form.

It is claimed by the medical profession
that of itself it is not especially dangerous,
but is apt to fasten its fangs upon weak
constitutions, and especially upon those
who are subject to pulmonary troubles, or
any other constitutional weakness. Those
who died, scarcely without an exception
succumbed, not to the influenza, but by the
aggravation of some previously existing
trouble by the influenza.

It is very likely that the mild winter may
have something to do with it. The medical
profession both of Europe and America
seems inclined to the theory that the dis-
ease is due to a microbe that fills the at-
mosphere, and enters the system by inha-
lation. If this be true, the mild winter
may have given rise to the creation of the
microbe. It is singular, however, that the
disease should come to us from Russia,
where the winters are very rigorous — Ex.

An exchange contains the following

" fishy " paragraph ;

From the Skies. — In various parts of
Laurens county, S. C, an unusually quant-
ity of "honey-dew" is reported to have
fallen ; and in some cases the phenomenon
of a shower of sweet water from a cloud-
less sky caused not a little alarm.

" Sweet water from a cloudless sky " is
drawingupon the imagination considerably.

Fractional Currency. — What is
needed by those who live in the country,
more than any other convenience, is paper
fractional currency issued by the United
States Government. The law introduced
last year authorizing it was buried in a
"pigeon-hole" by a committee. Let it
now be resurrected and passed. The fol-
lowing from an exchange is to the point:

The ten million people who live in large
cities, most Congress memVjers among
them, have no need of buying through the
mails. They can go to a store near by and
procure any article they may desire. But
the fifty odd millions of our population
living in the country and country towns
are difl'erently situated. Where are they
going to get many of the conveniences and
necessities of rural life — such as books,
papers, seeds, plants, roots, flowers, in-
secticides, horticultural implements, and a
host of other things, not on sale in their im
mediate neighborhood — if not by purchase
from a distance?

These fifty odd million people must make
remittances by mail, and it is not always
convenient to do this by postal note or
money orders; hence the fifty odd million
of people thus situated should be supplied
with money suited to their needs. Postage
stamps were never designed for currency
and with their small size and sticky backs,
and not being legal tender, are in no way
suited for that purpose. Yet for want of
something better, millions of doUars worth
of stamps are thus in circulation — a dread
to the sender, and a poor apology for legal
tender money in the hands of seedsmen,
nurserymen and other shippers of small
merchandise, as well as of publishers.

This urgent need can be supplied by the
re -issue of a few million dollars in frac-
tional currency.

J^" Clubs for anything in our Premium
List may be for either of our Journals, or
for any number of either or both of them.

New Catalog^nes and Price-Lists for
1890 are received from —

Wm. H. Bright, Mazeppa, Minn.— 20
pages — Bee-Keepers' Supplies.

J. T. Wilson, Little Hickman, Ky.— 1
page — Italian Queens.

C. F. Muth & Son, Cincinnati, Ohio— 32
pages — Bee-Keepers' Supplies.

F. A. Lockhart & Co., Patten's Mills, N.
Y. — 8 pages — Carniolan Bees and Queens.

Thos. S. Wallace, Clayton, Ills. — 4 pages
— Bees and Queens.

Smith & Smith, Kenton, Ohio. — 26 pages
— Implements in Bee-Culture.

GUlett & Horsford, Southwick, Mass.— 32
pages — Wild Flowers, Shrubs, Trees and
Vines.

Convention IVotices.

B^~ The spring meeting of the Northern Illinois
Bee-Keepers' Association, will meet at the residence
of D. A. Fuller, in Cherry Valley. Ills., on May 19th,
189U. D. A. Fuller. Sec.

ZW The next regular meeting of the Houthwes-
tern Wisconsin Bee-Keepers' Association will he -
held at Boscohel, Wis., on Thursday, May 1,1890,
at 10 a.m. Benj. B. Kice. Sec.

J^~ The 12th annual session of the Texas State
Bee-Keepers' Association, will be held at Green-
ville, Hunt Co., Texas, on May 7 and S, ISai. All in-
terested are invited. J. N. IIonter, Sec.

tF" The spring meeting of the Missouri State Bee-
Keepers' Association, will be held at Marshall. Saline
Co., Mo., on Wednesday and Thursday, April 16 and
17, IHVK), in the County CourURoom. Reduced rates
at the hotel, for bee-keepers, have been secured, and
a committee is at work to secure rates on the rail-
roads. A cordial invitation is extended to bee-beep-
ers everywhere, and especially to those of Missouri.
A number of essays from prominent bee-men are
expected, and an interesting time is anticipated.
J. W. Rouse, Sec.

XMK jsMERicjtiNt mmm janjRitai^.

213

Queries % Eefues,

Do Bcc»i Change the Consistency
of IVcctar on the Wins?

Written Sor the Ameincan Bee Journal

Query 697.— Do bees increase the consis-
tency of nectiir voluntarily, whilcon the wing
homeward from their pasturage ? or is the
fine sjiray, which it is inferred they eject, a
regurgitation caused by excessive exertion
while flying with an over-laden honey-sao?—
Maine,

I think not.— G. L, Tinker.

I do not know. — R. L. Taylor.

I do not know. — C. H. Dibbern.

I do not know. — J. M. H.imbaugh.

I give it up before I try.— A. B. Mason.

I never saw the " fine spray " spoken of.

— Gr. M. DOOI.ITTLE.

I know too little to venture an opinion. I
respectfully refer it to the " digested-nec-
tarists." — Etgene Secor.

Do they eject a fine spray in their home-
■ward flight! I think not. — Mrs. L. Har-
rison.

I do not know. The only way to find out,
would be to catch the spray, and ascertain
whether it is water or nectar. — M. Mauin.

I rather think that they increase the
consistency volUHtarily, but I doubt about
any such " regurgitation " as you speak of.
— C. C. Miller.

This question, I think, is beyond the
power of human ken to answer. It is the
quintessence of infinitesimalism. — J. P. H.
Brown.

I doubt if the honey is thickened. It is
in the honey-stomach, undergoing diges-
tion, or the change into honey. — A. J. Cook.

I know nothing positive in regard to it.
Do you really mean "regurgitation?" I
think that "evacuation" would come
nearer to it. — H. D. Cutting.

I think not. The ejections sometimes
seen (when bees are feeding on thin
syrup) in their transit from the feeding-
place to the hive, is a discharge from the
lower bowel — not from the honey-sac. No
doubt it is the result of mechanical pres-
sure, as you suggest. — G. W. Demaree.

I do not know. How should anybody
know^ What difference does it make if
they do; If they get their little " pails " so
full that they cannot be jostled without
spilling, we must get larger ones for them.
—J. M. Shuck.

In our opinion, the fine spray is a dis-
charge from the abdomen of the feces, of
the watery honey which they have been
consuming. We not believe that the honey
which they have gathered, ripens in their
stomach ; nor do we believe that they can
separate the honey in the honey-sac
from the water, and regurgitate the latter.
— Dadant & Son.

Bees gather honey in obedience to the
laws of Nature, and that is about all we
know about it. There are many theories
afloat in regard to the changes that do, or
do not, take place in the stomachs of the
bees; but who is right, or who is wrong, is
still a mooted question. I do not think,
however, that the question throws any
light at all.— J. E. Pond.

I do not know. One of the main reasons
why I do not know, is because I do not care.
The principal reason why I do not care, is
because I follow beekeeping, and spend
my time and energies in observing and ex-
perimenting for the purpose of getting
money out of the business. My wife and

children require now drosses and shoes, and
sometimes I want a "new gown" myself ;
that is what 1 follow bee-keeping for, and
not for idle curiosity. I believe that I know
more about the practical, useful things
connected with liee-keeping for the simple
reason that 1 never bother my brain about
the question of whether the queen faces
north or south, or looks into the cell just
before she backs in it to lay an egg. It
does not make an difference with the
amount of surplus honey 1 am to get, and
the least amount of labor I will need to ex-
pend to get it. — James Heddon.

Management to Seenre Honey
Instead of Swarms.

Written for the American Bee Journal

Query 696.— 1. Would it bo practical, after
a colony has become strong, and alioiu ready
to swarm, or at the time when tlie ajiiarist de-
sires his bees to l>e gathering hone.y instead of
rearing brood, to shut the queen in one side
of the hive, on one or two combs, by the use
of a piece of perforated zinc as long as the
hive {inside measin'oment), and wide enough
to bend over the U)\i of the one or two combs ?

2. How would it atlect swarming? — Iowa.

1. I do not know. — H. D. Cutting.

1 and 2. Try it and see. — A. B. Mason.

1 . I do not think that you would like it.

3. It might hasten it. — C. C. Miller.

1. I think not. 3. I think that they
would very likely swarm. — A. J. Cook.

Some recommend a similar plan. I pre-
fer to let the bees swarm. — G.M.Doolittle.

1. While I have no practical knowledge
on the subject, I doubt if it would pay. —
Eugene Secor.

1. I do not think that it would be practi-
cable. 2. Try it and report. — C. H. Dib-
bern.

1. It might be practicable, but it would
not be practical. 3. The bees would build
queen-cells and swarm. — M. Mahin

The plan you suggest has often been
tried, and I think that it has as often been
found a failure. 3. It will not prevent
swarming. — G. W. Demaree.

1. I do not think that the plan is practi-
cal or advisalile. 2. It would not prevent
swarming. — G. L. Tinker.

It would be perfectly practical, but I do
not think that it Avould be advisable to do
so. In many cases it would lead to build-
ing queen-cells and swarming. — J. P. H.
Brown.

1. It is not practical. Keep the brood-
combs in proper condition, and give the
queen the liberty of her house. 3. It would
not prevent swarming. — J. M. Shuck.

1. I do not think that it is practical or
advisable. 2. If the colony had "become
strong and about ready to swarm," of
course they would have facilities for rear-
ing a new queen, or several of them. — Mrs.
L. Harrison.

1. No. 8. It would be likely to lead to
an irregular sort of after-swarming, as
most of the colonies would probably rear a
lot of young queens, even if they would not
otherwise have done so. — R. L. Taylor.

1. It would not work in my locality,
where I want bees in abundance till frost.
I very much doubt if your plan can be made
practical in anj' locality. 3. You may pre-
vent swarming to some extent by this
method. — J. M. Hambaugh.

1. It might; but why not get Doolittle's
"Scientific Queen-Rearing," and follow
that? The met(iod you suggest, is old, and
has not been found of value, as compared
with many others. 3. Much would de-

pend. It might set the bees in a rage, and
work badly.— J. E. Pond.

1. No, sir; it is not practical. The labor
of performance and the results flowing
from it, will cause any person to abandon
it if he once begins it. 3. It will not pre-
vent the queen getting out in most cases.
After a time they will have the young
queens hatched out on the other side of
the zinc. Then they will swarm with a
young queen. — James Heddon.

The April Miinilx'r of " Frank
Leslie's Popular Monthly" contains fully a
dozen elaborately illustrated articles, any
one of which is worth buying the magazine
for. " The Senate and its Leaders "is dis-
cussed in bright, gossipy style by Frederick
Daniel, and nearly a score of portraits and
views accompany the text. Wm. Hosea
Ballou describes the Tennessee Blue-grass
region and its thoroughbred horses, to-
gether with the historic homes of Presi-
dents Polk and Andrew Jackson. The
wonders of Edison's perfected phonograph
and graphophone are brilliantly set forth
by Arthur V. Abbott, in an article entitled
" A Voice from the Past," with the best
pictures that have ever been published in
connection with this subject. The short
stories and poems of the number are by
favorite magazine writers, including Lucy
Hooper, Ella Wheeler Wilcox, and others.

I^~ " Insect Life " for March, published
by the Division of Entomology of the
United States Department of Agi'iculture,
is now ready for distribution. It contains,
besides various special and general notes
and extracts from the correspondence of
the Division, an article on "Cockroaches,"
being a continuation of Prof. Riley's series
of articles on the "Insect Pests of the
Household;" an account of two new spider-
egg parasites, by Mr. Howard; a transla-
tion of a French article on the parasitic
castration of an insect by Hymenopterous
and Dipterous larvae; an account of a
poisonous spider in Madagascar ; and
another installment of Lord Walsingham's
Revision of Chambers' Index of the North
American Tineina, a group of small moths
which are universally injurious either to
forest trees and other vegetation, or our
household goods.

■Wliy Advertise in the American Bee
Journal? Here are some good reasons;

1. Because it has a large and influential
circulation in every State and Territory,
Canada, and other foreign countries.

3. Because it is well-printed, and an
advertisement in it appears neat and
attractive, and invites a reading.

3. Because it reaches just the class of per-
sons desired — professional men, lawyers,
doctors, and the best rural population.

4. The rates are low and the returns from
advertisements are satisf actor j'.

We have received hundreds of unsolicited
commendations of the Bee Journal as an
advertising medium, but have no room to
give them here.

214

Tmm Msmmmi^mm mmm j@^MifM£r.

Though winter waits reluctant

To yield the rule to March,
The sun with step exultant

Walks high through heaven's arch,
Till daj- aud night
Bring new delight,
By equal hours in March.

At rest in winter's rigor

The life-tide wends its way.
Ascending with new vigor,
Up through the branches gray.
From roots below
'Neath meltiug snow,
Predicting leaves of May.

— Clara Hapgood Nash.

BROOD-COMBS.

Their Proper Tliiekness — Honey
Plants on Farni-Land.

Written Sot the American Bee Journal

BY DR. C. C. MILLER.

On page 141, Mr. J. E. Pond advises
top-bars f of an inch thick, spaced
bee-space apart ; and elsewhere he ad-
vises shaving down any combs which
are more than i of an inch thick. I
have not been very successful in at-
tempting to carry out this plan, al-
though some fault may have been in
me, but it seems to me that some things
are not taken fully into account.

Mr. Pond makes the very strong
statement that "the whole matter of
bee-keeping work is reduced to a mini-
mum, all that is required being to start
with sheets of comb just J of an inch
thick, and so spaced that they cannot
be built any deeper." Now it is a fact
not always, if indeed often, taken into
account, that with age the thickness
of comb increases. For another pur-
pose I once made investigation as to
thickness of comb, and while I found
new comb J of an inch thick, I found
some old comb fully an inch in thick-
ness. I have some doubt if Mr.
Quinby would have made the tin
combs, of which Mr. Pond speaks, an
inch thick, if he had not found natural
comb of that thickness. The explana-
tion of the increased thickness is eas}'.
The continued rearing of bees in the
worker-cells — and, by the way, worker-
comb alone is to be considered — leaves
deposits of cocoons, mainlj' at the bot-
tovi of the cells, so that old comb
measuring an inch in thickness, will
be found to have a septum ^ of an inch
In thickness.

Now suppose we " start with sheets
of comb just I of an inch thick, and so
spacetl that the}' cannot be built any
deeper." What will be the result when
the septum increases in thickness ?

The combs are " so spaced that they
cannot be built any deeper ;" and my
observation has been, that in such
case the bees will gnaw down part of
the cells in one comb, in order to
deepen the cells of the opposite comb,
and, as a consequence, no brood will
be reared in the cells which have been
gnawed down. If bees would empty
out the cocoons, the same thickness
might be maintained ; but do they ever
do this, without first cutting down the
entire cell walls ?

I would give something to know just
what is the best distance to space top-
bars from center to center. Some say as
much as IJ inches — perhaps a majority
say about If inches, and a very few
come down to 1} inches, while Mr.
Pond stands alone, I think, in recom-
mending 1 3-16 inches. This is on the
supposition that by " bee-space " he
means the commonly accepted 5-16 of
an inch.

FARM LAND FOR HONEY ALONE.

Will it pay to occupy farm land for
honey alone ? While I have doubts on
the subject, I would not utterly dis-
courage experiments in that direction.
1 think it just possible that it might be
profitable to occupy some land entirely
with melilot. It depends upon the
value of the land, and the amount of
honey obtained in excess of what
would be got without the melilot.

The answer to the problem would be
comparatively easy, if we knew even
approximately the amount of honey an
acre of melilot yields in a season. Do
we know anything about it ? Can any
one prove that it is more than one
pound per acre in a season ? Can any
one prove that it is less than 200 ?

On page 147, Mr. S. W. Chambers,
in a very sensible article, says, " The
bee-keeper could not calculate on more
than 10 pounds of honey per acre from
hone3'-producing plants." If he means,
as likelj' he does, the average " over
thousands of acres," I think that he is
right. If he means an acre solely oc-
cupied with honey-plants, he is putting
it very low.

Mr. Quinby — if I remember rightly
— estimated that an acre of buckwheat
yields 25 pounds of honey per day, and
I should think that would make at
least 200 pounds per season.

Mr. Chambers says: "A man must
expect at least $15 per acre for the use
of his land." I think that he hardly
means just that. Does he not mean for
land and labor ? In many places the
use of land can be had for fS per acre,
or less. Now if such land is occupied
with melilot, and the melilot needs no
cultivation, how much honey must be
gotten to make it profitable ? If it
gives an additional yield, then little or
nothing need be counted for the ex-

pense of harvesting, for nearly the
sarne work must be done in a season
for a small as a large crop. So we
may apply on the rent very nearly
every pound of honey that we get
more than we would get without the
melilot.

If the honey is worth 10 cents per
pound more than the labor it requires,
then to pay $3, the acre must yield 30
pounds in a season. Mind you, it
must not merely produce 30 pounds in
a season — it might do that without any
profit whatever, if the melilot should
yield when bees have all they can do
on the other plants ; but it must in-
crease my crop at the rate of 30 pounds
per acre. I must confess that it looks
to me that it might easily do so in
some years, and in some places. Can
any one tell us anything definitely
about it ?

Marengo, Ills.

SHIPPING-CRATES.

Importance of Using Small
Crates for Comb Honey.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY OHAS. F. MUTH & SON.

Shipping-crates for comb honey are
a very Important item for the bee-
keeper as well as the dealer. The
safe arrival of the comb honey depends
principally on the shipping-crates; and,
next to the quality of the honey, it is
the crate that makes the sale. We
had very many shipments of comb
honey last season, and, as in previous
j'cars, there were a variety of different
sized crates. We found, invariably,
that the smallest crates wei'e the safest
for transportation, aud the first sold.

If it was not for the mutual interests
of the shipper and consignee, the dis-
appointment, and, often, the unpleas-
ant feeling created by the arrival of a
lot of comb honey in bad condition,
should be cause enough to throw aside
every crate unfit for shipment. As in
previous seasons, this winter we had a
number of large crates containing 48
one-pound sections, and even 48 two-
pound sections, also one of 45 sections
— 60 pounds net — of comb honey in a
crate. It is too much. A heavy crate
is invariably set down heavj% and a jar
to one side seems to break a whole
row of combs. Crates holding 24 sec-
tions are a great deal better, but they
are also too large.

By far the most practical, the safest
in transit, the most salable, and the
cheapest of all shipping-crates, are
those containing 12 one-pound sec-
tions. We shall hereafter recommend
only such to be used bj' our friends
and shippers. As a great many lots

THlf MMKMIC'MISE MMM JOTPRHffil^.

215

^■^ ^j^ ^^'—^^-—•■■^'■^-^'■^'■^^^'■'

of comb honey pass throun;h our hands,
our chance to become atMinaintetl with
all kinds of packages is second to
none, and our judgment, as to tlie best
package, ought to be competent.

During the present winter, we had
among perhaps a dozen, only one ship-
ment of comb honey having 12 sections
in a crate, which arrived in bad con-
dition, while almost every other ship-
ment in larger crates arrived more or
less damaged. The damage in those
small crates was not great, and could
easily be seen, the broken combs taken
out and replaced by sound ones from
another crate. But no one unac-
quainted with it, can appreciate the
job of overhauling a large lot of comb
honey in large shipping-crates. One
is at a loss to know what to do with the
broken combs. So, it is our candid
and well-meant advice, that the large
shipping-case — " must go."

[This is excellent advice, and should
be heeded by all who ship honey to
large markets. Small shipping-crates
holding 12 combs are large enough for
anything. They can be transported
more safelj', and sell more readily. —
Ed.]

SWARM-HIVERS.

Sugseslion!« in Regard to Self-
Hiving Arrangements.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY G. M. ALVES.

Since self-swarming devices are now
so much occupying the attention of
bee-keepers, I have two plans to sug-
gest, neither of which would infringe,
in my opinion, those upon which
patents are now said to be pending.
My first suggestion is as follows :

Make of wood a channel — say 3
inches long, and the same width as of
the hives used. Let the ends be open,
and the sides made of solid wood — say
one inch high. Let the top be formed
of three slats J of an inch wide, which
when fastened on the side pieces to
form the top, would leave two open-
ings at the top 3-16 of an inch wide.
We thus have a wooden channel one
inch high by three inches long, by the
width of the hives used.

Now, at the proper time, put one
end of this channel against the front
of a hive, and against tlie front end
of the channel place the back of a
new hive ; we thus have the new hive
immediately in front of the old one,
with a space of 3 inches between, filled
by the channel. The sides of the new
hive throughout their length, should
rest upon pieces about one inch high,
and the front of the new hive should

have its entranc(! (which .as now condi-
tioned should be about IJ inches higli)
covered with wire-netting. Hav(! I
ever tried the plan? No. Do I think
it will work ? Well, I believe it will ;
and, in any event, I have as much
faith in it as those heretofore reported.
It might sometimes work all right, and
at other times it might not. We can
only tell by ex])erime^its repeatedly
made. One swallow does not make a
summer.

The 3-16 inch openings in the top of
the channel are large enough to readily
admit loaded workers, and although
the queen might pass through them,
yet in the excitement and pell-mell of
the swarming act, she and the large
majority of her followers would, in all
probability, take the most open route,
and follow the greatest light — hence
they would in all probability enter the
new hive. It miglit be better instead
of the wire netting, to cover the en-
trance of the new hive with queen-ex-
cluding zinc.

My other suggestion is this : Hang
up about the bee-yard, nail-kegs or
light boxes about 7 or 8 inches square,
and about 20 inches deep, without
bottoms. To these attach at the bot-
toms, by means of short cords, any-
thing i-esembling a small swarm of
bees, such as can be made from a piece
of an old felt hat. A swarm will not
alwaj-s, but frequently it will, cluster
on these, from which they will crawl
up to the keg or box. They may then
be taken and emptied in front of the
hive intended for them.

In conclusion, I wish to say a word
to beginners who desire to keep bees
for profit, and that is this : Let all
novel and untried devices and plans
severely alone, which require expense
and change of the hives and fixtures
that you now use. .Stick to those things
which the continued experiences of
others have proved to be valuable.

There is no greater delusion, than
to think that because a thing is new,
therefore it is an improvement. Out
of the million and one ideas and de-
vices which have appeared before the
bee-keeping world, comb foundation,
movable-combs and honey-sections,
seem to be about the only things which
have come to staj'. Undoubtedly radi-
cal experiments are well in bee-keep-
ing, as in other things, but they almost
alwaj's are costly, and had best be
confined to the few.

As a rule, improvements, when real,
do not come easily — they usually re-
quire such an expenditure of time and
money to make them practicable, and
to introduce them to the public, that
the time and money expended, if put
in conservative channels, would gen-
erally prove more remunerative.
Henderson, Ky.

BEE-HIVES.

Tlic Small IlivcN v*«. I./argc Hives
— Which {

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY fi. M. DOOLITTLE.

In considering this subject of small
vs. large hives, there are some things
which are very essential, looking to
the profit to be derived from the api-
ary, which, as far as I have seen, the
advocates of large hives fail to men-
tion. The advocates of these large
hives base nearly all their supposed
superiority of such hives on the prin-
ciple that the larger the hive, the more
bees there will be reared, and the
more bees there are reared, the more
honej' the apiarist will have in the
fall. Now, did we have one contin-
uous yield of honey from the beginning
of May to the end of October, tliis
reasoning would be very nearly cor-
rect ; and I here wish to say, that for
those who are so lucky as to be situated
in such a localitj', this article will have
no special interest.

But it so happens that 99 out of
every 100 are not blest with a contin-
uous yield of honey, and, in the ma-
jority of cases, the flowers of one plant
or tree give the main honey crop of the
season ; hence at all other times of the
year, except when this plant or tree is
in blossom, the bees only get, from
nothing (along the line of nectar) up
to just enough to keep brood-rearing
going on niceh'. In all such localities
as the last named, from my stand-point,
it is impossible to secure the best re-
sults from our bees while using a large
hive, and working for the production
comb hone}-.

If bees sold for the almost fabulous
prices at which they used to, the large
hives might be profitable ; but at the
present prices, the bees themselves have
no value in the fall of the year, as they
will not sell for more in the spring
than the cost of the hives, value of the
combs, and stores consumed, allowing
such stores to have been placed in a
marketable shape the previous sum-
mer. For this reason, we are obliged
to look at the matter from a honey
stand-point.

The first reason why the large hive
is not so good as the small one, in all
ordinary locations, lies in the fact that
the small hive gives greater warmth; or,
in other words, allows of a better
economizing of the heat of the cluster.
Hence we can secure more bees early
in the season, in time to take advan-
tage of the white clover honey crop,
with the small hive, as this crop comes
too early for the bees to build up of
their own accord, to work in that
harvest to the best advantage.

216

T'HK jiMBKic^jci* mmm jq-urhms^.

The second reason — and the one
that is at the " root of the matter" —
regarding tlie greatest possible success
in our pursuit, lies in the fact that,
with the large hive, we must always
rear a host of bees which must of
necessity be only consumers. It must
be alwa}'s borne in mind, that each
individual bee represents consumption
of so much hone}', a part of which is
fed to it in the larval state, and the
other part is consumed by the bee it-
self, after it reaches maturity.

Now, with the large hive, owing to
the poor economy of heat, the bees do
not begin breeding rapidly, nor can
they be made to do so, until we are
nearing the honey harvest, when they
begin brood-rearing to an extent
greater than it is possible for them to
do in the small hive, owing to the
walls contracting the egg-laying
powers of the queen with the small
one. This great extent of brood in the
large hive, at this time, requires a
large amount of honey to feed it, and
as the days go by, the amount of
brood is rapidly increased, until it oft-
times takes nearly all the honey the
workers reared previously can gather
from the fields during the first half of
the harvest to supply the wants of this
host of bees in the larval form. In
turn, these bees hatch at near the close
of the harvest, so they do only a very
little work in that harvest, after which
they of necessity become consumers,
and so eat largely of the honej- gath-
ered during the harvest, to the loss of
the bee-keeper and all concerned. In
this way we are producing honey in
the most expensive manner, rather
than as cheapl}' as possible.

After studying on this matter some
years ago, I came to the conclusion
that a small hive would give me much
better results, from the fact that with
it I could get the greatest force of
bees on the stage of action as gather-
ers, just when the harvest was ripe for
gathering, and rear as few at all other
times as was consistent with accom-
plishing this object. After years of
experience, I am satisfied with the re-
sults, as compared with a like number
of years with large hives.

The hive which I use, contains about
1,000 square inches of comb, and as
this will give, on an average, about
800 for brood, exclusive of the comb
occupied with pollen, and the little
honey they always will have in the
brood-nest, I have about 1,600 square
inches of comb surface that will be
kept solid with brood so long as I leave
all the combs in the hive. Allowing
28 bees to hatch from each square inch
of comb surface, I have 44,800 liees
hatching every 21 days. As the queen
is capable of placing two and one-
seventh generations of bees on the

stage of action to where one dies off,
this gives me 9(5,000 bees as the num-
ber I can have for the harvest, from
each hive, providing that I am able to
get the combs full of brood 45 days
previous to this harvest.

When the harvest arrives, or a little
before, I begin to contract the capacity
of tlie hive down to about 800 square
inches of comb surface, so that at all
times except at the right time, I am
rearing no more bees than are actually
needed to carry on that work which is
necessary to produce this large force
just previous to the harvest. Right
here lies the secret, in my opinion, of
successful honey-production ; and I
find by mingling with many bee-
keepers, as I have lately done, that it
is a "something" not considered at all
by the average bee-keeper. Only as
we fully understand this, and other im-
portant items vvhieh relate to our pur-
suit, can we expect to reap the best
results from our bees.

Borodino, N. Y.

KILLING BEES.

Destroying: Bees, when Sivarni-
ins Cannot be Prevcnletl.

Written for the American Dee Journal

BY W. J. DAVIS, 1st.

It may appear strange to some that
the science of bee-keeping should re-
quire an article with the above head-
ing, yet such is the fact. I take it for
granted that the number who keep
bees, just for the fun of the thing, is
small. The result in dollars and cents
must determine the question of keep-
ing bees, as well as any other kind of
domestic animals. I have all the vol-
umes of the American Bee Journal
from No. 1, Vol. I., to the present
time, and I do not remember of seeing
an article with the above heading.

The ingenuity of the bee-keeping
fraternity has been taxed to its utmost,
to devise means of preventing swarm-
ing, but the effort thus far I consider
a failure when working for co?Mi honey.
That the giving of surplus room above
the brood-nest does in some, and pos-
sibly in many, instances prevent the
swarming fever, I do not deny ; but
all bee-keepers of experience know
that it is not to be depended upon to
prevent increase. Swarming may be
kept at the minimum by the use of
large hives, and the free use of the
extractor, but that jjlan gives us no
comb honey ; and where extracted
honey will not sell, there is poor encour-
agement for its production. It matters
but little about its merits, if it cannot
be turned into " legal tender," or the
necessaries of life.

It is quite as much in harmony with
the nature of the bee to swarm, as to
collect honey and pollen. I have had
some severe "tussles" with certain
colonies, in saying, "You shall not
swarm," when they said they would. I
could cut out queen-cells, and put the
swarm back, but with me it has gen-
erally been at the expense of whatever
labor it took, and the accumulation of
no honey while the swarming fever
was on. This I s.aj' only in reference
to first swarms. I must produce comb
honey, for that is the demand of the
market that I suppl}'. Hence, as there
is no way of preventing swarming,
how are we to keep our colonies witli-
in bounds in large apiaries ?

We have reached that point where
bees will not sell in the spring, for as
much as the hives and contents (minus
the bees) are worth in the fall.
Clearly, then, it is the better plan to
reduce in the fall to the number desired.
In so doing, the judicious bee-master
will weed out the least desirable colo-
nies. First, all that show any impurity
of breeding — I want no " black blood"
among my Italians. Second, such as
do not give a satisfactorj' honey-rec-
ord, as compared with other colonies
in the same yard and season. Third,
such colonies as would not bo desirable
on account of the age of the
queen ; and there may be other con-
siderations that would cause the elec-
tion of some colonies, and rejection of
others.

If any should have conscientious
scruples about the killing of bees,
more than of chickens, lambs, pigs,
calves, etc., I would suggest that they
had better keep out of the " bee-busi-
ness," unless they are either fortunate,
or unfortunate, enough to lose about
half in wintering.

HOW TO KILL BEES.

I first shake and brush the bees
from tlieir combs, and remove the
combs and honey to safe quarters, and
allow the bees to cluster in the empty
hive. This I do in the afternoon, or
towards evening. If the hive has a
stationary bottom-board (as most of
mine have), I remove the honey-board
and allow them to cluster in the cao.

Early the next morning they are dis-
posed of. I take a box 14 to 16 inches
square, with one side hinged for a
door, to be opened for the i-eception
of a hot lid from the stove, to be placed
on a flat stone on the bottom of the
box, to prevent burning. The top of
the box should be a little larger than
the largest hive or cap to be placed
thereon, and a hole 6 or 8 inches
square, covered with wire-cloth, for
the admission of the fumes of burning
sulphur. The hot stove-lid is placed
bottom up (to avoid unpleasant smell

TMl^ JEMSRICKH MMM JOURIfSlL'.

217

when returned to the stove), and a
good tea-spoonful of sulphur thrown
on, and the door closed. As soon as
"killed," the bees should be buried, as
they would revive in the air and
warmth.

I am free to confess that it is a verj'
unpleasant job ; as much as I dislike it,
it seems as much of a necessitj' as the
killing of other domestic animals.

It sometimes occurs, that vvc have
seasons almost honeyless. When the
revenue from the sale of honey is cut
off, with even 100 or 200 colonies, the
onlj- alternative is to buy sugar for win-
ter stores, or reduce the number of
colonies. Such a season occurred here
in 1871, and the autumn found me
with 130 colonies, with honey for only
50. I "took up" 80 colonies. The
nest season being favorable, and hav-
ing clean, empty combs for 80 hives, I
found no difficulty in filling them.
[1 Youngsville, Pa.

UNPAINTED HIVES.

Their A(Ivanta^e§ Over
that are Painted.

those

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY C. THEILMANK.

For a number of years I have in-
tended to write an article on painted
and unpaiuted bee-hives, as they have
proven their merits under my observa-
tion for the past twenty years ; but I
have always been somewhat afraid to
give my experiments publiclj', because
mo.st of our best bee-keepers take a
position in their writings entirely con-
trary to the results of ni}' experiments.
However, I will now give my views of
the question.

The first year (1869), I kept bees in
a log, which I found in my timber. I
increased them to 5 colonies that sea-
sou, some of which I put into store-
boxes, nail-kegs, and whatever was
handiest to put the swarms in.

The next season I got painted Lang-
stroth hives, and also in the third,
fourth and tifth seasons, but the fifth
season I also got 24 hives which were
not planed or painted on the outside,
but planed on the inside. By that
time I took quite an interest in bee-
keeping, and noticed that the un-
paiuted hives did not get so hot in
summer, and kept much drier in win-
der, and the bees wintered better in
them than in the painted hives. .

This, of course, was a big thing for
me at that time, as I had a good deal
of trouble and loss in wintering my
bees ; therefore I did not paint any
more hives after that, though I did not
study the theory much, but I was satis-
fied that my bees did better, summer

and winter, in the unpainted hives,
until I read Prof. Cook's experiments,
published ill thr Amekic;an Bee Jouu-
NAL, telling tluil his students blew out
a candle-light, llirough the pores of an
oak plank.

This set me to thinking about my
unpainted bee-hives, and it became
clear to me, that the pores in the wood
are the correct theory, and I have
made very practical use of it ever
since ; though it never was clear to
me, that, after all the Professor's ex-
periments (whicli we have no reason
to doubt, even if we have to admit
that there must have been some big
"blowers" at the Michigan Agricul-
tural College), he not only paints his
hives, but advises others to do so ;
hence I have asked myself many times,
to know what those experiments were
made for. Will Prof. Cook please tell ?

It seems hardly reasonable, that
after the above-described experiments,
we should paint bee-hives, when we
consider the facts, that the paint will
close all the pores of the wood,
stop all circulation of air, and contract
the heat of the sun, so that the hives
get so hot that if a person put his hand
on the top or sides, he would get it
blistered in a short time ; and many
combs have melted down in the hives
from the same effect ; when, if the
wood were left unplaned and un-
painted, but little or no reflection
would be created, circulation would
not be stopped, and in cool nights the
vapor would not condense on the in-
side of the hive, as it would have a
chance to escape through the pores —
in a word, an unpainted hive keeps
nicer, drier, and does not get so hot
in summer as does a painted hive.

Some will say that unpainted hives
look homely. Well, they may look
homely to some, but I can say that I
know some peojyle who look homely,
but when I get better acquainted, I
find that they have good hearts, and I
like them ; or, when I sit down hungry,
at a table, and it is loaded with a lot
of nice-looking dishes, some empty,
and some containing unfit food, then
my apetite will not get a bit of satis-
faction.

Some pretend that painted hives will
last longer. This is only talk and
theory, without actual practice — at
least I find it so here. The hives that
I got 15 years ago, show that the un-
painted ones are, to-day, in better con-
dition than the painted ones that I got
the same year. Lately a number of
bee-keepers who visited me, wondered
that I do not paint my hives ; but when
I explained the advantage that there
was in it, and showed them the hives
used for 15 years, side by side, they
acknowledged that I had given facts.

Theilmanton, Minn.

PRIZE ESSAY.

Exlraelcd Honey — How Pro-
duced l>}' the BccN.

Wrlltdi for the American Bee Jfjumal

BY MRS. L. HAKUISON.

"The bee sits on the bloom, ex-
tracting li(iuid sweets."

Many persons have a mistaken idea,
with reference to extracted honey ;
they think that it is an essence, ob-
tained by some chemical process. Pure
extracted honey knows no chemist but
the bee (or ever has known), which
sits on the flower, extracting or draw-
ing out sweets, made in Nature's own
laboratories, which are the corollas of
flowers. When the bee draws out the
honey from a blossom, she deposits it
in her sac, and flies to another flower.
In her rapid flight, much of the water
in the nectar is evaporated, and when
her load is completed, she flies home
and deposits it in a waxen cell, or
gives it to young bees to feed the
brood.

THE WORK IN THE HIVE.

In the economy of the bee-hive, each
inmate has its allotted task — the field-
workers gather nectar, propolis, pollen
or water, while those in the hive
secrete wax, build cells, prepare the
food for the queen, drones or brood,
store the honey when brought in, pro-
tect the colonj' against its enemies,
and are always on the alert to pre-
serve the happiness and prosperity of
the colony.

GATHERING AND STORING HONEY.

Now let us watch a colony of bees
during a high day in clover bloom.
See the well-laden bees, come sailing
in and dropping at the entrance, like
ships after a long voyage, coming into
port. The stevedores unload her
quickly, and she sails away with her
gauzy canvas spread to the wind,
after another cargo. '

Now let us take a look at what is
going on within the hive, as to the
deposition of the surplus honey brought
in. At night, all the workers are in-
vited to a grand " evaporating frolic,"
and no youngster, at a sugaring-oft" in
a maple-sugar camp, ever enjoyed the
fun more. The thin honey is taken
from the cell, and worked back and
forth on their proboscides, in a similar
manner to the candy-workers ; while
the ventilators are plying their wings
vigorousl}', to waft off the moisture.
When the "sap" is boiled down to
honey, it is again stored in the cells.

Now let US watch the building and
storing of a cell of honej-. The tiny
base is first constructed, a little con-
cave, and a drop of honev deposited ;

218

TMm JEMMmicar* mmu jQURmmL,.

^■^*-^ *^>AJ

then the sides of the cell are raised a
trifle, and honey added, continually
raising the sides, and tilling until it is
completed, when the sealing is com-
menced, gradually expelling the air,
and sealing. The bees were the first
canners known, and "goods" put up
at their establishment will keep for all
time, if stored in the right kind of an
apartment, free from frost and damp-
ness.

HOW EXTRACTED HONEY IS SECURED.

Extracted honey is this honey poured
out of its waxen cell, just like we un-
cap a can of fruit, and pour its con-
tents into another vessel, suitable to
put upon the table. The sealing is cut
from the cells with a very sharp knife,
and then it is put into a wire basket,
which revolves within a tin cylinder,
and revolved quicklj', when the cells
are emptied by centrifugal force. The
honey, as it is thrown against the sides
of the can, runs down into the bottom,
and is drawn oft' through a gate into
suitable vessels.

In whatever shape this product may
be bought in the open market, of this
countrj', if it bears the name of the
apiary and producer, it will prove to
contain nothing but pure sweet dis-
tilled in the corollas of flowers.

Peoria, Ills.

HIVES.

Cliaff* or Double- Walled
Single-fValled Hive§.

v§.

Written tor the Ameriryn Bee Journal
BY T. C. KELLY.

Having 33 colonies of bees, consist-
ing of Carniolans, Italians and natives,
all in good condition, I may possibly
be entitled to the appellation of " bee-
man ;" and so I want to express my
opinion in regard to chaff or double
walled hives vs. single-walled hives.

I use a hive, the dimensions of
which accommodate a frame lOjxlS}
inches, inside. I make the inside wall
of }-inch boards, and the outside wall
of i-inch stuff, with |-inch air space
between. I pack with chaff, in winter
and summer. I have a detachable
section-case, which I fill with loose
buckwheat or oats chaft", after remov-
ing the enameled cloth in the fall. I
place about two thicknesses of burlap
over the frames, after having prepared
passage-ways over the frames for the
bees during a cold spell. I winter the
bees on the summer stands, and have
never lost a colon}-, when properly
prepared in tliis manner. Yet my
neighbors, who winter their bees in the
single-walled hives, lose some each
winter — and so did I when I used

single-walled hives, even to all the
bees I had.

As to double-walls being too cool for
storing honey, let those w-ho think so,
watch their hives on some warm day
in May or June, and see if they do not
find a large number of bees fanning
at the entrances. What is that for ?
Is it to cause a circulation of air, or to
pass away time ? If to cause circula-
tion of air, then the double-wall is not
too cool ; if to pass away time, then
say, "lazy little bee."

My hive weighs about 25 or 26
pounds, without the section-case or
cap. I view this matter in about the
same light as almost all bee-keepers of
the present day view the legendary
stories of "king bees," and "telling
the bees " when a member of the
familj' has died (for good luck). But
there are some " slow to learn."

Last evening a neighbor said to me,
"I find water on the cloth in mj' hive
every time I look at it." I asked,
" What kind of cloth do you use ?" He
answered, " Enameled." Having neg-
lected to remove the enameled cloth,
the result was condensed moisture and
no absorbent.

Slippery Rock, Pa.

TEXAS.

Horticultural Society — Honey-
Production in Texas.

Written for the American Bee Journal
BY A. C. ATEN.

On Feb. 17, the American Horticul-
tural Societj' held its biennial meeting
in Austin, Texas, in Representatives'
Hall at the Capitol. There were per-
sons here from almost every State in
the Union, and a more intelligent body
of men it would be ditficult to find.
They continued their meetings for four
days, and during this time there was
an exhibition of horticultural and
other products in the Agricultural
Department of the Capitol.

The Capitol of Texas is the seventh
largest building in the world — built of
red granite, and is nearly 600 feet
long, and almost 300 feet wide, three
stories high besides the basement ; it
contains 258 rooms, and is 311 feet
high from the grade line to the top of
the dome. A better place for an ex-
hibition would be hard to find.

EXCELLENT EXHIBITS OF HONEY.

Our enterprizing apiarist, Mrs. Sher-
man, of Salado, Tex., had a very
pretty exhibit of honey, honey pre-
serves and Houdan eggs. She pro-
duced some 6,000 pounds of honey last
year, all of which is sold.

I liad on exhibition about 800 pounds
of honey, comb and extracted ; quite a

number of different kinds of honey,
such as horse-mint, wild marigold,
broom-weed, cotton, rich-weed, morn-
ing-glory, etc. I had about 20 glass
tvvo-quart cans, one-third of which was
granulated ; the balance, except the
comb honey, was in one-gallon tin
cans, with screw tops. My honey
proved a great attraction, and I sold
it nearly all by the time the fair closed.
A few days ago I had an order for
honey whicli I filled, to go to New
York, near West Point.

We had by far the coldest weather
of the winter about Feb. 26. The be»>s
were beginning to do well — now the
most of their supplies are cut off.

HONEY STATISTICS OF TEXAS.

I have just received the annual re-
port of the Agricultural Bureau of the
State of Texas, and with some consid-
erable time and care, I have compiled
a few figures in regard to the honey-
product of this State, for the year 1888,
which I hope will be interesting to all.
This report was gathered by the asses-
sors, while assessing the property in
the spring of 1889, and I presume that
it can be relied upon as nearly correct.

The year 1888 was a very poor
hone3'-year for the greater portion of
Texas, my own yield, however, that
year was over 120 pounds per colon}',
spring count.

The total number of colonies in the
State was, 146,322 ; total number of
pounds of honey, 2,610,100 ; total
value of the honey", $257,989.

The largest number of colonies in
anj' one county (Ellis), 4,644 ; smallest
number (in Galveston and Hardeman),
each 6 ; average number of pounds per
colony for the State, 18 ; average value
per pound, 10 cents ; least average
price per pound of any one county
(Waller), 5 cents ; largest average
price per pound of any one county
(Starr), 25 cents.

The greatest yield was in William-
son county, 128,053 pounds ; most
valuable yield (Williamson county),
$10,437 ; highest average yield was in
Brazoria county, 53j pounds per col-
ony ; lowest average yield, Grayson
county. IJ pounds per colony.

In Uvalde county, 2,375 colonies
yielded an «verage of 40 pounds per
colony. The smallest number of
pounds reported for any one county
was in Greer county, being 50 pounds.

The statistics in regard to honey are
tolerably complete, and, I think, re-
liable. The production of honey in
this State, I really believe, is just in
its infancy. There are perliaps a
thousand pounds of honey lost, to one
pound that is gathered b}' the bees in
Texas. What a saving of money and
health, if this was all saved and used
here, in the place of the other sweets !

Round Rock, Texas, March 7, 1890.

Tmm m^mmRicRu mbm j&uRnmi,.

219

fc^iifcACi t^fffci <^*^*^ft^i — '■■^■'

COTVVEMTIOM DIRECTORY.

1890. Time and place of meeting.

April 16. 17.— Missouri Stale, at MHrahall. Mo.

J. W. Kouse, Sec, Santa Fe, Mo.

May 1.— Southwestern Wisconsin, at Boscobel, Wis.
BenJ. E. Kice, Sec. Boscobel, Wis.

May 3.— Susquehanna Co.. at Hopl)Ottoin. Pa.

H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.

May 7, h.— Texas State, at Greenville. Tex.

J. N. Hunter, Sec. Celeste. Tex.

May 19.— Northern Illinois, at Cherry Valley. Ills.
D. A. Fuller, Sec, Cherry Valley, Ills.

■ In order to have this table complete,

Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting.— The Editor.

Hiv«-Enlrances and Ventilation.

In reply to Mr. A. N. De Groff's question
on page, 188, I would say: To close, or
partly close, the hive entrance, I use a
square piece of board % of an inch thick,
and some longer than the entrance of the
hive, driving an inch wire-nail through the
center, the point reaching ^g of an inch
through, so that when placed at the en-
trance, with a little pressure it fastens it to
the bottom-board so that the bees or wind
cannot remove it. It is very handy to ad-
just as desired. I remove my bees from
the cellar in the evening; the next day they
will come out undisturbed, and locate
themselves much better. In removing bees
from the cellar in the daytime, it helps very
much to fill the cellar with smoke ; then
placing on the blocks, you need not lose a
bee. It will not do to shut bees in long at
a time, unless they are in the dark, as they
will worry themselves to death.

Bronson, Mich. Byron Benton.

Double-^Valled Hives.

I have read with interest the discussion
for and against double-walled hives, and
cannot help giving my experience, for I
have used nothing else for the last five
years, and have not lost a colony. I make
mine out of 's-inch lumber planed on both
sides, with )-j,'-inch dead air space, and loose
bottom-boards % of an inch thick. In win-
ter I simply fill the cover with chafl:, first
putting canvas on top of the broodframes.
These hiyes are no heavier than hives made
of %-inch lumber, and are much cooler in
summer. Thej- are the easiest for tiering
up for comb honey, for the tiers can be run
to any heighth ; or can be used for extract-
ing, as I do, by putting on extra brood-
chambers on top, in place of the sections.
F. W. Taylor.

Uee-Keeping; in Nebraska.

Last season bees here did fairly well, but
not so well as the year before. The yield
was good for this part of the country, but
not as good as in-some other places. Bees
are wintering will, as a general thing.
Mine are wintering out-of-doors, banked
with hay; they were put away in Decem-
ber, and I had not looked at them until to-
day. I found one colony dead out of 35 ; it
was a late swarm, coming in September,
and did not have enough honey ; but the
balance have plenty so far, and will have
if the .spring is not very late. I have been
keeping bees three years, and this is the

flnst that I have lust, I take the greater
part of my honey with the extractor, and I
like it best. 1 have no trouble in selling it,
having sold my cn)|i so far at 10 and 12'.!
cents for extracted, and 12}4 cents per
pound for comb himey. The extracted is
much less trouble, and easier to take care
of. I put it in open stone-.iars, tie a paper
over the top of the jar, and put it upstairs;
it has cured nicely, and has not grained
any yet. I use tlie Langstroth frame, but
not the hive, but one similar to it, except
the cap. The body of the hive is like the
Langstroth, except that I nail a band
around one inch from the top, and have the
cajj rest over that, making a water-proof
box, and it is handy. Jas. Kixoaid.

Clay Center, Nebr., March 13, 1890.

Wintered i\icely— Xiering Up.

I started last spring with 13 colonies, and
increased them to 37, which I will have to
commence with this season. They have all
wintered nicely so far. I noticed on page
187, in a letter entitled " Management of
Bees," the writer said that he had some
trouble in getting his to start to working in
the supers. If you will permit me, at some
future time, I will give my method of tier-
ing up. I prize the Bee Journal very
highly. A. M. Tinker.

De Witt, Iowa, March, 14, 1890.

[Certainly ; we want aU the light, and if
you have anything new, we would like to
give it to our readers. — Ed.]

Spacing; and Inrerting Hives.

For two or three years I have been try-
ing to think of some way of inverting and
properly spacing Langstroth frames, and
without cutting the projecting ends of the
frames off. I am pleased to say that I have
found it in the Wilcox spacing arrangement.
I have changed my eight-frame Langstroth
hives with fixed bottoms, to loose bottoms,
with '4-inch strips on the two sides and
rear end, so that they can be inverted or
tiered up. This arrangement also provides
against unproper spaces at the ends of the
frames, as they sometimes get racked end-
wise. It also keeps the ends of the frames
free from propolis, and holds one or more
frames in place as well as a hiveful, and is
also a great convenience when moving or
shipping bees. Walter Harmer.

Hive-Entrances wlien lUovinsr.

On page 188, Mr. A. N. DeGroff asks
" how to close the main entrance to hives
when moving them to and from the cellar,"
etc. My plan, which I find very conven-
ient, is to take a piece of board ^d'-inch
thick, and about one inch wider, and 2 or 3
inches longer than the opening in the hive;
cut a piece from one edge, about f.j-inch
wide, and 2 or 3 inches shorter than the
strip; tack wire-cloth over the space thus
made, and place this strip over the entrance
to the hive, having first fitted a screw
through the upper edge of it, and a few
turns of the screw will hold it securely in
place, closing the hive, and giving the ven-
tilation desired. A wooden buttom placed
above the strip in such a way as to be
turned down over the strip, will hold it in
place, and is even more convenient than
the screw for contracting the entrance
against robbers or cold air. I use a strip
without the wire-cloth, moving it to one
side so as to give space for one bee or more
to pass at the side of the entrance. A square
piece of wood placed on the alighting-
board, heavy enough to remain in position,
will answer the purpose. J. M. Clark.

Hillsdale, Mich., March 15, 1890.

AerainHt iMi{;i*alory Uee-Heepingf.

I notice on page 145 that Byron Walker,
of Michigan, wants to come with a big l(;ad
of bees in July, when basswood is in blos-
som. I will say right now that we do not
want him here at all, if he comes with so
many bees to take the bread from our
tables, and then sell the honey for almost
nothing here, and ruin our markets all
along the Mississippi. That is what we do
not like, for it is not profitable for us here
on the river. I had 12 acres of land, but it
was not good for bees, so I sold it last year
and bought a better place here, close to the
Mississippi river, about 20 miles north of
Dubuque, Iowa. I want to make some
money, and I do not want to be bothered
by Byron Walker and his bees. There are
more bee-keepers here that talk the same
as I do. Cannot Mr. Walker stay at home
and make the business pay, as any other
good bee man does' Peter Em..

Sherrill's Mount, Iowa, March 10, 1890.

Ciood Season Expected in Utah.

After one of the hardest winters, we are
just beginning to have spring, which is
rather late for this region. The probabili-
ties are considerable loss in bees; we antici-
pate, though, a much better honey season
this year than we had last.

John C. Swaneh.

Salt Lake City, Utah, March 17, 1 890.

Enli;;litened by tlie Almanacs.

On March 12 bees had their first flight
since Nov. 15, 1889. There is 2 feet of
snow on the ground now. I was in town
the other day, and asked a woman if she
did not want some honey. She wanted to
know if the bees made honey when there
was so much snow on the ground ! Another
person wanted to know what the queen did
when the " king " died. I will give these
people some Honey Almanacs, to enlighten
them. I got one barrel full of golden-rod
honey. Some of my colonies in the cellar
have the diarrhea. Henry Stark.

Pulcifer, Wis., March 17, 1890.

Xlie Use of Swarm-Hivers.

I have read Mr. Lacy's description of what
he calls a " swarm-hiver," on page 170. It
seems to me that Mr. Lacy, or myself, has
attached a wrong name to such a device.
How can the arrangement of Mr. Lacy's
be called a " hive-s warmer?" Any one who
will look at that arrangement for a mo-
ment, will say that no queen is likely to
pass through the side of the hive, and into
an adjoining hive at swarming time. It is
natural for the bees and queens, when a
swarm issues, to pass out at the regular
entrance that the bees have been accus-
tomed to use. Then, again, if the queen
should pass into the vacant hive, what will
prevent her from returning to the home
hive * If Mr. L. has a device to prevent the
queen from returning to her own combs,
then he infringes my "rights." But as
there is so little chance of any queen being
captured by the arrangement he proposes,
I will not take space to discuss it here.

It seems to me- when Mr. Lacy constructed
his swarmer, he did not properly consider
the nature of the bee; had he done so, he
would have devised a little different ar-
rangement. When I devised my swarmer,
the following points were considered, viz :
1. The bees must issue from the hive
through the regular entrance. 2. Some
way to rid the swarmer of drones must be
provided while the swarmer is on the hive,
as the drones will certainly leave the hive
by the same exit that the other bees do. In
this respect, the swarmer will serve as a

220

ir^Mi^ mvmmmi^mM mmm j@^MifMiu.

drone trap. But with the Lacy swarmer
there is no outlet for the drones. Those
who hare used the metal " drone stopper "
(if I may call it by that name) know how
much the drones bother and hinder the
worker-bees in their work, and stop the
"ventilation (in a hot day) to the hive con-
taining a large colony of bees.

I should say that the Lacy device is a
better non-swarmer than a swarmhiver.
By such an arrangement the bees will be
more likely to be crowded into the vacant
hive during hot weather, than they are to
swarm. But, then, if such a claim is worth
anything, why not use a much better and
simpler device, and one that can be oper-
ated without any perforated metal * Place
an empty hive under a full colony, and the
bees will gradually work down into it, and
no swarm is likely to issue. Increase, how-
ever, is not what most bee-keepers desire.
Honey is the thing that we are all after.
My swarm-hiver is intended to catch a
swarm, in case one issues. It is not neces-
sary to place a hive to catch the bees — al-
most any kind of a box will do.

Henry Alley.

Promptness— Wintering Well.

Doolittle's "Scientific Queen-Rearing"
came in just four daj's from the time the
money left here. Bees are wintering very
well from all appearances, and from what
I have seen and heard others say. The
■weather is very warm, and bees are flying
almost every day. Wm. Heywood.

Staflford, N. Y., March 13, 1890.

[It is our aim to fill all orders on the day
they are received, as well as to answer all
business letters immediately upon their re-
ceipt. " Punctuality " is our office watch-
word.— Ed.]

starvation, while the rest had from 2 to 20
pounds of honey in the hive. My experi-
ence the past three winters has been similar
to this — the Italians and hybrids died while
the blacks wintered all right. I should call
my case an exceptional one, were it not for
the fact that other bee-keepers in this
vicinitj' are having the same experience.
The temperature has not been below 30 de-
grees in my cellar, and has generally been
at 38 or 40 degrees. Can any one give
the cause of the trouble ?

Aked D. EllinctWood.
Milan, N. H., March 13, 1890.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MAEKET.

Xliat Wide Top-Bar.

Such an article as Smith & Smith's, on
page 186, really needs some comments in
order not to lead its readers astray. They
have a plain box with about my new style
of bottom-board under it, and that is not so
bad; they have a T case, with about my
old-style of cover on it, and that is not so
bad; but their top-bar would make the most
unprofitable condition in a brood-chamber,
possible. The width of the top-bar is just
about the same as the distance combs
should be apart from center to center.
Now as these top bars do not, and could
not, touch each other, and must be sep-
arated, they will have the worst lot of
drone-comb and brace-combs plugged in
between the edges of the top-bars; and I
know that here, they would have plenty of
brace-combs between the tops of the top-
bars and the sruplus receptacles. The only
reason I call attention to it, is because I
think that it is really too bad for any one
to mislead 3'oung and inexperienced bee-
keepers. James Heddox.

Dowagiac, Mich., March 14, 1890.

'IVIiat Aile«l the Uees ?

Last fall I put 80 colonies of bees in my
bee-house cellar — iO of them were blacks,
and the remainder Italians and hybrids.
The black bees were in rather better condi-
tion to winter, but the Italians had had as
good a chance to prepare for winter quar-
ters as the blacks. About two mouths ago
the hybrids began to die — several colonies
died during January, 8 in February, and
to-day there are only 4 or 5 of them left — I
think that they will go to. Not one of the
black colonies is dead.

I have carefully examined the hives, and
find that aViout one halt of them died of

MILWAUKEE, March 13.— The demand for
honey is very ^ood, and the supply is f;iir. We
quote: White l-lbs.,12@.13c— an. 1 if alisi.lutely
perfect, sometimes 14c.: choicr. \\'iiite '2-lbs.,
12@12'/iC.; dark 1-lbs., 10@llc.; old 1-lbs.,
8®9c. Extracted, white, in barrels and half-
barrels, 7!.2@8c.; in pails and tin, 8@8i4c. ;
dark, in barrels and half-barrels, 8(i56!4c.
Beeswax, 22®2.^c.

A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.

DENVER, March 8.— 1-lb. sections, 1.3@15c. ;
Extracted, 7@8c. There is sulticient comb
honey to supply the market till the new crop
arrives. Beeswax. 20@2.5c.

J. M. CLARK COM. CO., 1517 Blake St.

BETROIT, March 7.— Comb honey is quoted
atll@13c. Supply not large, but sales slow.
Extracted, 7@8c. Beeswax, firm at 24fr/t2oc.
M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, lilich.

KANSAS CITY, March 6.-The demand for
houe.v is improviuf? a little, but it is uo better
in prices. White 1-lbs., ll@12c. ; white 2-lbs. ;
10® lie. ; fall 1-lbs., n@10c. ; 2-lbs., ScaOc. E.\-
tracted, white, 7c. : dark, 5@6c. Beeswax, 22c.
CLEMONS, CLOON & CO.,

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

CHICAGO, Mar. 13.— We quote: White clo-
ver in active demand and quick sales, on arri-
val ; 1-lbs., 13@14c.; 2-lbs., 12@12 1/20. Bass-
wood 1-lbs., 12@13c. Buckwheat 1-lbs., 8®
Oc. Extracted, 6!.4®7'/4o. Beeswax — bright,
25®2ec. ; dark, 23@24c.

S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.

CHICAGO, March 6.— Honey is sellins: quite
well in a small way, at 12®il3c. for white 1-
Ibs., and 10c. for 3-lbs.; dark is slow at s®10c.
Receipts are heavier than usual for this sea-
son of the year, but all is called for as fast as
it arrives. Extracted is dull at 6@8c. Bees-
wax, 25c.

B. A. BURNETT, 161 S. Water St.

BOSTON. March 23.— Fancy 1-Ibs.. 16c. Any-
thing off-grade sells consideral)ly below 16c.
The market is bare of fancy, l-lli. white honey.
Extracted. 7'/2@8'/4c. No beeswa.x on hand.
BLAKE & RIPLEY. 57 Chatham St.

CINCINNATI. March 7.— Good demand for
extracted honey, especially from manufactu-
rers at 5@8c. Comb honey. 12®15c. for best.
Demand fair.

Beeswax is "in good demand at 20®25c. for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH & SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Arcs.

NEW YORK, March 22.— The market is well
stocked with extracted honey. We quote:
White clover, basswood and California, 7®7'4
per lb. ; Southern, 70®75 cts. per gallon. No
demand for comb honey. excc|)t for fancy
stock, at from 12(5 l,'!c per lb. Beeswax, 27c.
HILDBETH BltOS. & SEGELKEN.

28-30 Broadway, near Duane St.

BUSINESS MANAGER.

:zzzzzzzzzzzzszzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzxz]

business Notices*

llaiKlIin;; Uees. — This is the title of
a nice pamphlet containing 28 pages and a
cover, just issued by Chas. Dadant & Son.
It is a chapter from their book, Langstroth
Revised, and is an excellent thing for be-
ginners. Price, 8 cents. For sale at this
office.

JI^" Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should notify us at once.

E^" Money in Potatoes, by Mr. Joseph
Greiner. Price, 25 cents, postpaid. For sale
at this office.

13'" Send us one i^EW subscriber, with
SI. 00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionarj-.

1^" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

tt^" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul lirood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.

p^ The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

It^" Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

It^" Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jour-
nal at $1.85 for the two; or with both our
Home Journal and Bee JouRN.iL for $2.50
for all three papers.

J^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write American Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save contusion and delay.

I^° Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifiing. Prices :

For 50 colonics (120 p;iges) $100

" 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 25

•• 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

|^° "When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book,
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

p^ We offer the Monthly Philadelphia
Farm, Journal, and either the American
Bee Journal or Illustrated Home ^Jour-
nal for one year, for the small sum of $1.20.
Or, we will qive it free for one year to any
one who will send us ojic new subscriber for
either of our Journals with $1.00 (the sub-
scription price) .

Tmm JSlfifllKRICKlM MMM jQumnKiu.

221

We Club the Amci'ican Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the I j AST
column. The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book :
Price of both. Club.
The American Bee Journal *1 00 —

anaGlcaniiiKsin Tice-Culture.... 3 00.... 175

liec-Kii'inTs'Cuide 150. ,. 140

Beo-K('i-|icis' Review 150.... 140

The Apicultuiist 175 — 165

Bec-Kcopcrs' Advance 150 — 140

Canadian Bcs Journal 2 00 ... 1 80

The 7 above-named papers 5 25 — 5 00

and Langrstroth Revised (Dadant) 3 00 ... . 275
Cook's M!uuial(1887 edition) 2 25.... 2 00
Quinbv's New Bee-Keeplng. 2 50 — 2 25
Dooliule on Queen-Rearing. 2 00 — 175

Bees and Honey (Newman).. 2 00 175

Binder for Am. Bee Journal . 1 60 — 1 50
Dzierzon's Boe-Book (cloth). 3 00.... 2 00
Root's ABC of Bee-Culture 2 25 ... . 2 50

Farmer's Account Book 4 00.... 2 20

Western World Guide 150.... 130

Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150.... 140
A Year Among the Bees — 1 75 — 1 50

Convention Hand-Book 150. .. 130

Weekly Inter-Ocean 2 00.... 175

Toronto Globe (weekly) 200.... 170

History of National Society. 1 50.... 1 25

American Poultry Journal. . 2 25 1 50

The Lever (Temperance) 2 00 1 75

A New Method ol Treating Disease.

HOSPITAL REMEDIES.

■What are they ! There is a new departure
in the treatment of disease. It consists in
the collection of the specifics used by noted
specialists of Europe and America, and
bringing them within the reach of all. For
instance, the treatnuMit pursued by special
phj'sicians who treat indigestion, stomach
and liver troubles only, was obtained and
prepared. The treatnient of other physi-
cians, celebrated for curing catarrh, was
procured, and so on till these incomparable
cures now include disease of the lungs,
kidneys, female weakness, rheumatism aud
nervous debility.

This new method of " one remedy for one
disease " must appeal to the common-sense
of all sufferers, many of whom have ex]ieri-
enced the ill effects, and thoroughly realize
the absurdity of the claims of Patent
Medicines which are guaranteed to cure
every ill out of a single bottle, and the use
of which, as statistics prove, has ruined
more stomachs than alcohol. A circular
describing these new remedies is sent free
on receipt of stamp to pay postage, by
Hospital Remedy Company, Toronto, Can-
ada, sole proprietors.

51D26t Imly.

WONDERFUL

Nearly every one is familiar with the name, but
it baa been estimated that only one in every 280

EerBons in the United States is fortunate enough to
ave access to tlie valuable information contained
within the covers of the j^ranrtest work ever written
by mortal man - WEBS TEU'S UNABRIDGED

DICTIONARY. That this is an unfortunate state of
affairs will be admitted by all. and it is due to the
fact that no one save the rich could atTord them.

The Dicti<mary is a necessity in every home, school
and business-house. It fills a vacancy and furnishes
knowledge which no hhj volumes of the choicest
books could supply, and all. younfi or old. educated
or ignorant, rich orpoor, should have it within reach,
and'refer to its contents every day in the year.

The " Loorais Re-print " contains all the matter as
compiled and arranged by ourestecmed and honored
author and statesman— Noah Webster. About 40
years of his lite was devoted to this great work; and
when we consider the fact that this book contains
about RX),00(> words with their correct spelling,
derivation and definition, we will appreciate that
these years must have been well spent.

Some idea of the magnitude of this book may be
gained from the fact that it contains over 440 cubic
iDChes of paper, and has about 3(Xt,ooo square inches
of printed surface. This is a cheap, re-print edition
without illustrations.

In addition to the 100,000 words, it contains a
portrait of the author, together with his biography,
and a valuable table of 12,000 synonymous words.

OUR SPECIAL OFFER

For this valuable Dictionary is as follows :
We will club it with this Journal one year
—both for $3.25. Or, we will sell the
Dictionary alone for 82.50. Or, we will
PRESENT it to anyone who gets up a club of
10 NEW subscribers to either or both of our
Journals, and sending us $10.00 to pay for
them.

These prices are for the Dictionary
delivered at the Express Office in this City,
or packed with other goods.

■We will send it, post-paid, to the destina-
tion for 68 cents additional.

This immense book, wrapped for mailing,
weighs 8}o pounds.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
246 Bast Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

^duertiscmctxts.

"RTT^TT Keepers' Supplies, Hives, Sections,

JDJJJXIJ Foundation, &c. Send tor Circulars.

13A2t F. C. ERKBL. Le Sueur, Minn.

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ported mothers; i|i4.00 per colony.
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Useful Scales

The Union or Family Scale.

Ex-Gov. John P. St. John, Chief Editorial
Writer, assisted by Mhs. Helen M. Gohgar
and Rev. Dr. A. J. Jutkins.

Bright! Newsy! and Enterprising-!

YOU SHOULD READ IT.

Only One Dollar per year. Send for Sample
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This Scale has steel bearings, and it weighs
from i4-ounce to 240 pounds. Price, with a
Single Brass Beam, as shown in the illustra-
tion, $3.00. With Double Beam for taking the
tare, $3.50.

Tlie Little Detective Scale.

CahiI TC Hnnto tor my Book, entitled— "A
OCHU (0 UClllS Year among the Bees:"—
114 pages, cloth bound. Address.

DR. C. C. miLLER,

20Atf MARENGO, ILLS.

Maitlon the American Bee Journal.

This little Scale is made with steel bearings
and a brass Beam, and will weigh accurately
!4-ounce to 25 pounds. It supplies the great
demand for a Housekeeper's Scale. Prices :

Single beam, no scoop $2.00.

" tin " 2.50.

Double " no scoop 3.00.

•• tin •' 3.50.

^~ All orders filled promptly.

THOS. e. N£WMAN 4c SON,

246 Bast Madison-Street, - - - CHICAGO, ILLS.

DnikV TA BUIP f Italian Queens— Tested,
IIMUI Iv iMlll i $2.00; Untested,$1.0O
—3 for $2.75. Ready April 1st. Nuclei cheap.
Send for Price-List. COLWICK & COLWICK,
Norse, Bosque Co., Texas. 12A6t

Mention the Ame'ncan Bee Journal.

OARNIOIiANS AND ITALIANS — I will,
this season, run 2 Queen-Rearing Apiaries,
one for Carniolans at Vawtei Park, away from
other bees, the other for Italians at Nappanee.
Queens will be shipped in my new Introducing
Cage, and safe arrival guaranteed. Tested
Carniolan Queen, $2.50; Untested, $1.00, or 6
for $5.00; one three-frame Nucleus with tested
Italian Queen, $2.00; Tested Italian Queen,
$1.00; Selected Tested, $1.50; Untested, 75c.;
or 3 for $2.00. For Carniolans, address, I. R.
GOOD, Vawter Park, Ind. For Italians —
I. R. GOOD & BRO., Nappanee, Ind. 13Dtf
Mention the Am,erica7i Bee Journal.

Extra Thin Comb Foundation.

In 25-Found Boxes.

WE CAN now furnish the Van Deasen
Extra-Thin Flat-Bottom FonND.iTioN
put up in 25-lb. Boxes, in sheets 16Hx28
inches, at $12.50 per box. 12 ft. to the lb.
^P~ The above is a special offer, and is a
Bargain to all who can use that quantity.

All orders for any other quantity than
exactly 25 lbs. (or its multiple) will be filled
at the regular price— 60 cents per lb.

THOS. G. NEAVMAN Sc SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILLS
Mention tlic American Bee Journal.

222

TMm mmLmmi^mM mmm j&'%smnmi^»

^^^■^■^^^^^■^■^^^^^^^^■^^■~--'-~-^^*^*^*r»»^^<

liOOK HERE!

"VTO. 1 V-Grooved Onc-Piece Sections onlj"
-LN $3.00 per M. No 2, $2.00 per M. A com-
plete Hive for Comb Honey— only $1.30.
1S^ Price-Wst Free.

Address. <T. M. KINZIE,

20Aly ROCHESTER, Oakland Co., MICH

Moth's Honey Extractor,

Perfection Cold-Blast Smokers,
SQUARE GLASS UONET-JARS, et«.

For Circulars, apply to

CIIABl.i:8 F. MTTTH <fE 80K,

Cor. Freeman & Central Ares., CINCINNATI, O.
P. 8.— Send IOC. for Practical Uinta to Bee-Keepers

(Established in 1864).

REMOVED fromcoburgtoRed Oak, Iowa

where we now have the most extensive steam-
power Faetorj' in the West used exclusively
for the inuiiufacture of

RFF-suppLiEsrHr

MM b b We furnish Everything needed
in the Apiarj-, of practical con-
struction, and at the lowest price. Satisfac-
tion guaranteed. Send for our 40-pag-e illus-
trated Catalogue — free to all. Address,

E. Kretclinier, Red Oak, Iowa.

SASt— 14ES>t

British. Bee Journal

AND BEE-KEEPERS' ADVISEE,

IS published every week, at 68. 6d. per
annum. It contains the very best practical
Information for the apiarist. It is edited by
Thomas Wm. Cowan, F.G.S., F.H.M.S., etc., and
published by John Huckle, King's Langley
Herts, England.

BEE-HIVES, SECTIONS, ETC.

WE make the best Bee-Hives, Shipping-
Crates, Sections, &c., in the world, and
Bell them the cheapest. We are offering our
choicest white 1-piece 414x41^ Sections, in lots
of 500, at $3.50 per 1,000. tS^ Parties wanting
more, should write for special prices. No. 2
Sections at $2.00 per M. Catalogues free, but
Bent only when ordered. Address,

G. B. IiEWIS & CO.,

WATKRTOWN. WIS.

BEESWAX WANTED.

Bees\rax. — We will pay 35 cents per

pound, in Cash, for Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
ered here.

I^" To avoid mistakes, the name of the
shipper should always be on each pacljage.

THOS. G. NEtrniAN & SON,

246 Bast Madison Street. CHICAGO. IL.L8.

THE SWARM HIVER

By Mail, and the American Aficultukist
one year for $1.50. Circular and Sample Copies
free. Address,

American Aplculturlst, Wenham, Mass.
9Atf

LUTHER W. GRAY, i^^Ar»''-^.\"J'Ll';i

Queens. Tested Queens, $1.50 ; Untested, 75
cents, or $8.00 per doz. Two or more pounds
of Bees in 1, 2, 3 or 4-frame Nuclei, with Queen
at above price, 75 cts. per pound. llAtf

Mention the American Bee Journal.

TAKE NOTICE!

BEFORE placing your Orders for SUPPLIES,
write for prices on One-Piece BasBwood Sectiona
Bee - Hives, ShippinK - Crates, Frames, Foundation,
Smokers, etc. Address,

R. H. SCHMIDT A CO.,

lAly NEW LONDON. Waupaca Co. WIS.

D

ADANT'S ^

FOUNDATION

Is guaranteed by us, every inch equal to sam-
ple in every respect. For sale by the following
and numerous other dealers:

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON, Chicago, Ills.
C. F. MUTH & SON, Cincinnati, O.
JAMES HBDDON, Diiwaglac, Mich.
CHAS. H. GREEN, Waukesha, Wis.
(^HAS. HER I'Elj, .Ir., Kreeburg, Ills.

B. S. ARMSTRONG. .Jerseyville, Ills.
E. KRETCHMER. Red Oak, Iowa. '

Dk. G. L. 'I'lNKEB, New Philadelphia, O.

JOS. NYSEWANDBK.Des Moines, Iowa.

G. B. IjEWIS & CO., Watertown, Wis.

PAUL L. VIALI.ON, Bayou Goula, La.

J. MATl'OON, Atwater, O.

Goortell & Woodworth M'f'g Co., Rock Falls, Ills.

OLIVER FOSTER, Mt. Vernon, Iowa.

GEO. E. HILTON, Fremont. Mich.

J. M. CLARK C<im.Co., 1.517 Blake St., Denver, Col.

£. Im. Goold& Co., Brantford.Ont., Canada

G. K. HUBBARD, Fort Wayne, Ind.

O. G. COLLIER, Fairhury, Neb.

R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., Sew London, Wis.

J. STAUFFBR & SONS, Nappanee, Ind.

E. R. NEWCOMB, Pleasant Valley, N. r.

L. HANSSEN, D.avenport, Iowa.

BERLIN FRUIT BOX CO., Berlin Heights, O.

C. THBILMAJNN, Theilmanton, Minn.

Langstroth on the Honey-Bee, Revised.

The book for beginners. The most complete
Text-Book on the subject in the English lan-
guage.

Bee-Veils of imported material. Smokers,
Sections, Ace,

Circular, with advice to beginners. Samples,
&c., free. Send your address ou a postal to

CHAS. DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ills.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

No. 1, $2.00. . .No. a, $1.75 , . No. 3, $1'50.
N0.4, 1.25. ..No. 5, 1.00.. .N0.6, .65.

Knife, $1.15.

On receipt of the above price,

SMOKERS

AND

KNIVES

will be sent postpaid. Descriptive Circulars
will be sent on receipt of request card.

Bingham & HETHBRraOTON Smokers are
staple tools, and have been used Ten Years
without complaint, and are the only stove-
wood, clear-smoke Bee-Smokers. No giving
out. No fussing. No going out. No vexation.
Address,

BINGHAM & HETHERISGTON,

32Atf ABRONIA, Allegan Co., MICH.

Bee -Hives, Sections, &c.

On and after Feb. 1, 1890, we will sell our
No, 1 V-groove Sections in lots of 500 as fol-
lows: Less than 2,000 at $3.50 per thousand;
2,000 to 5,000 at $3.00 per thousand. Write
for special prices on larger quantities. No. 2
Sections S2. 00 per thousand. Send for Price-
List for other Supplies. Address,

J. SXAtJFFER & SONS,
(Successors to B. J. Miller & Co.)

31Att NAPPANEE, IND.

BEE KEEPERS

Should send for my circu-
lar. It describes the best
Hives, the best Cases, the
best Feeders and the best
Methods. Address,

J. M. SHUcK,

DES MOINES, IOWA.

10A4t

Mentkm the American Bee Journal.

Clover Seeds!

We can promptly furnish any quantity of
White, Alsike, or Sweet Clover Seed at the fol-
lowing prices, which include sacks and cart-
age:

^VHITE CLOVER.

Per bushel (60 lbs.) $15 00

Per peck (15 lbs.) 2 75

Per pound 30

AIiSIKE CLiOVER.

Per bushel (60 lbs.) $8 00

Per peck (15 lbs,) 2 25

Per pound 25

SWEET CI.OVER.

Per bushel (60 lbs.) $6 00

Per peck (15 lbs.) 1 75

Per pound 20

When ordered by mail add 10 cts. per pound
for postage.

THOS. G. NEWMAN *; SON,

246 East Madison-St., - - CHICAGO, ILLS.

GARNiOLANS A SPECIALTY !

BEB-KEBPERS, before placing your orders for
Carniolan Bees or Queens, get our prices. Our
STOCK ARE EXCELLED BV NONE. Descriptive Cir-
cular and Price-List for isyn now ready. Send for it.
Address, F. A. LOCKHART & CO.,

(Formerly ot Andrews & Lockhart),
9Dtf PATTENS' Mills, vyash. Co., N. T.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

1-7 f-- COliONIES OF BEES FOR SAI.E
/ |~ CHEAP. They are in the Improved

/ 1 10-frame Langstroth Hive, on combs
I \J built from full sheets of Foundation.
E. T. JORDAN, Harmony, Clay Co. Ind.

9D3t

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Eaton's Improved

SECTIO.li -«;ase.

BEES & QUEENS. Send
for tree catalogue. Address

Frank A. Eaton,
IDtt Bluffton, Ohio.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

JTJST PUBLISHED

"PRACTICAU TURKEY RAISING"

By Fanny Field. This book tells all
about turkey raising, from the setting
of the egs^ to the maturity of the young
turks. If you follow the directions in
thifi book yon need not lot-e a bird.
Fanny Field has hud more exi^rience
and succeeds better in raising turkeys than any other
person in America, She clears hundre*is of dollars
yearly on them, and will tell you how she does it. . Price,
25 cents. Stamps taken. Address

THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILLS.

Established 1878.

SMITH & SMITH,

Wliolesale and Retail Man-
ufacturers of

Bee-Keepers' Supplies,

KENTON, OHIO.

Price lilst Free. 9Dtf

Mention the Am.crican Bee Journal.

nPrTIAlUS $3.00 per 1,000. Foundation,
W] tiVl IVlllS Alsike (Jlover Seed and Japanese

^

Buckwheat, cheap as the cheapest. Spec-
ial prices to dealers. Send for our free
PRICE LIST. M. H. HUNT,
IDtf BELL BRANCH, MICH.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

'rmm mimmmicnn wem jO'^riikiu.

227

^^ — ^ PUBIitSHED BY_ —

THOS. G.NEWMAN &SON,

CHI CAGO, IL.L..

XH091AS o. i%E^vmAm,

EDITOR.

Vol, nVI, April 5, 1890, No, 14

IloM' Oreary would the garden be,

With all its flow'ry trees,
Suppose there were no butterflies,

And if there were no bees !

— Alice Carey.

It^^ The recent "cold snap" will make
" feediug " necessary in some apiaries. Do
not neglect such if the bees are short of
stores.

The little son of Mr. and Mrs. Edw.
Margileth, of Mt. Carroll, Ills., died on
March 7. The Bee Journal extends sym-
pathy to the afflicted parents.

In the article of Smith & Smith, on
page 186, the width of the top-bar should
be seventeen-sixteenths (not 1 7-16 as
there printed). It was written in figures,
and heuce the mistake of the printer in
putting it iu type.

Xlie Xinie for Spring: Work will
soon be here, and. those who need a guide
for all the operations in the apiary, should
procure a copy of Dr. Miller's book eutitled
"A Year Among the Bees." Its descrip-
tions commence with the necessary work in
the spring, and run through the entire
year, detailing the methods of doing, as
well as telling when to do. all that should
be done in the apiary. We have only a
limited number of copies left, and those
who want it should send for it at once. We
will hereafter mail it, bound in cloth, to
any address for SO cents, until all are
gone.

Honey |Js<.<l as iTletlivinv by llif

AM«'i«'nls. — In all ages honey has been
considered a valuable article of medicine,
but we believe that henceforth it will
prove itself a greater aid in healing the
diseases of manUind, than heretofore. All
through the al)lest and <oldest Book of
books, honey is very frequently referred to
as an excellent food element, and the
prophets and wi.se men realized the great
usefulness of this "concentrated sweet
ness " as a sustaiuer of life.

In a recent article written for the Su7i-
day School Tlrncfi, by Prof. A. H. Sayce,
L.L.D., of Queen's College, Oxford, Eng-
land,that learned investigator of antiquities
has brought forth a most interesting
account concerning " Medicine in the
Ancient East." One of the literary docu-
ments (36 feet iu length) found at Thebes,
which was written about 100 years before
the birth of Moses, contains a complete
account of ancient Egyptian medicine. In
it the different diseases known at that time
are carefully described, and remedies
given for ti'eatiug them.

Among those mentioned in the above-
named old treatise, are the following
prescriptions in which honey was used :

Medicine for opening the bowels : " Take
of milk one-third of a tena; of nequat-
powder, one fourth of a drachm; of honey,
one-fourth of a drachm ; boil, pour out, and
drink for four daj's."

Medicine for moving the bladder: " Take
of honey....; of powder of the carob bean
....; of powder of the vitex agnus....;
make it into a pill."

Medicine for a purge: "Take of sentn,
one eighth of a drachm; of honey, one-
eighth of a drachm ; mix and eat.

In a very long prescription for treating
an attack of spleen, " which consumes the
top of the heart," among the very first
articles named, " half an ephah of clear
honey " is mentioned, showing that ex-
tracted honey was not unknown to those
who lived long before Moses.

By the foregoing quotations we see
clearly that honey has been prized as a
medicine for many centuries, and we are
glad to see that it is again taking its
proper place in the treatment of many
diseases of the present day. Verily, the
" land that floweth with milk and honey,"
is indeed a goodly land now, as well as in
the days of Moses.

In (.'nlilbrnia bees are now ready for
the honey harvest. Mr. S. L. Watkins
wrote us as follows on March 27, concern-
ing their present condition:

The bees in this part of California, have
wintered exceedingly well, considering the
bad weather we have had. All colonies are
now strong in brood and bees. The alfllaree
is beginning to bloom, and the mountain-
sides are clothed in their mantles of green.

Mr. W. C. R. Kemp has sent a sam-
ple of his cold-blast smoker to our Museum.
It is neat, and substantially made.

Ilec - i;««-jipe».— We are pleased to
notice that so many are working on bee-
escapes. It shows that there is a real need
for such a contrivance, and the intelligence
and inventive genius of bee-keepers will
develop something that wjll be valuable.
Wo this week give an illustrated article
from Mr. .John S. Reese, showing his latest
development. Last .week we gave an
illustration of one invented by Mr. C.
Russell. Concerning the latter we have
received several criticisms, one of which is
as follows :

The exit hole A is entirely too small ; 3
inches would be better. The triangle being
made of wood, will lead the bees directly
to the exit B. Of course many will pass
over or around the open end of the triangle,
but many others will easily find the
upeniag.

K:ibl>oon!> Eat Honey.— The bee-
enemies in America are many, and skunks,
bears, rats and mice steal the honey, but
their depredations are not to be compared
with what African bee-keepers have to
contend with. The South African babboon
has made the discovery that honey is good
to eat, and comes down from the moun-
tains of the district he inhabits, and carries
off hives, honey and all, utterly destroj ing
an apiary at one visitation. We ought to
be thankful that we have no babboons.

AlNik e 4'lover chaff is good feed for
cattle, says the Fremont, Mich., Indicator.
Here is the item :

Mr. Wra. Davis threshed from 1 ^£ acres
ten bushels of Alsike clover seed. He says
his cattle ate the chaff in preference to any
other feed.

Friend George E. Hilton lives at Fremont,
and no doubt picked up that interesting
item, and got it into the Indicator. He
always has an eye to business.

Xo Prevent Robbinsr, close the
entrance so as to give passage but for a
single bee at a time. This is effective, if
the bees will defend themselves; if not,
remove them to a cellar for a few days,
then place them on a new stand, or
exchange places with the colony that is
robbing it.

Xbe Wbile Sage of California, has
been long and favorably known as an
excellent honey-plant; giving some of the
lightest-colored honey in the world; but,
like our basswood, its area is getting to be
limited. It is fast disappearing before the
cattle, sheep and plow .—E.vchanae.

According to Geo. P. Rowell & Go's
American Newspaper Directory for 1890,
Illinois is now the second State in the
Union in the number of newspapers
printed, having 1,309, while Pennsylvania
has but 1,381. New York has 1,778.

228

Tf-H® mm^mmi&mm mmw joi^MifMi*.

Paintiiis: Bee-llives. — As the sub-
ject of paiutiug hives is beiug considerably
discussed just u'ow, it may be interesting to
know what cithers are saying in regard to
the matter. Mr. Theilmanu, in his article
on page 317, has advanced an idea that
may be more than mere theory, when once
thoroughly investigated, as it doubtless will
be looked into in the future.

In this, as well as in other matters per-
taining to the pursuit of bee-beeping, it
may be very profitable to experiment, for
if it is really unnecessary — or quite detri-
mental— to paint bee-hives, those who are
getting their hives will want to know it
before they go to the expense of beautify-
ing the homes of the bees with artistic col-
orings that may prove to be harmful to the
lives of the occupants during the trying
winter season.

The following paragraphs from an ex-
change, taking the opposite view, may be
valuable, although it does not mention
what success has been had in wintering
bets in the painted hives:

My experience is that it pays well to
paint bee-hives three or four good coats,
when made. I recently saw bee-hives
which I made some seven years ago ; at
that time I gave them three coats of white
lead, zinc and oil. Two years later I sold
them with bees in, and they have been
exposed to the sun, rain and winds ever
since, without any further painting. They
are now in fair condition, look well, not
sun cracked, and the corners not drawn
apart as unpainted hives usually are in a
year or two.

I sometimes mix a little red in the last
coat for the front of some of them, just to
make a little difference, so as to assist the
bees in finding their particular hive. I do
not know, however, that there is any
advantage in this; for it seems to me that
bees know how to find their homes, as well
as we would if a hundred other houses just
like ours were around it.

White paint is durable, and is cooler in
summer than any other tint; and if the
hives are within four inches of the sod or
ground, I rarely have any combs melt
down. In fact I do not remember having
had a case of it for over seven years, not-
withstanding the hives are in the open sun,
without any shade at all, either natural or
artificial. If painted a dark color, which is
sometimes done to .save a few cents in
material, the combs are exceedingly liable
to melt down in the heat of summer, thus
causing more loss than is saved in buying
cheap paint. My friends say that my bee-
yard resembles a little cemetery, with its
long rows of white hives; but while that
may be so in winter, it resembles a Chicago
Board of Trade in summer, to judge of the
way they do business.

XUey Eat tlie Kffffs o*" Bees.— The
curious life-history of insects is always in-
teresting. We give the following from an
exchange :

There is a hard sand stone in Provence,
interspersed with friable strata, in which
burrowing insects construct their cham-
bers. A kind of bee, the anthophorus, says
H. de L. Duthiers in the Poyidar Science
HIonDily, makes nests there and fills them
with honey, on which it leaves its eggs to
float, then, finally, plasters up its chamber.
Instead of anthophores, entirely different
insects come out from the nests— sitaris,
belonging to a group very remote from the
bees. Let us see how they manage to sub-
stitute themselves for the legitimate pi-o-
prietorof the nest.

In the autumn the impregnated female of
the sitaris deposits her eggs in front of the
sealed galleries of the anthophores. The
young are hatched from these eggs and lie
in front of the closed doors, and thus remain
in a mass, mingled with the duft and rub-
bish of the place, through the winter.

In the spring, such of the bees as have
reached their term, come out from their
prison. These earliest insects are all males ;
but, though precocious in being hatched,
they are still tender to the changes of the
weather, and remain half frozen and torpid
in the dust along with the young of the
sitaris.

They have been called triongulins by
Leon Dufour, from the claws with which
they are armed, and by which they attach
themselves to the bodies of the anthophorus
waiting for the next stage in the condi-
tions that favor their development. With
fine weather the anthophorus come out and
carry on their work of buiTowing and stor-
ing up honey until the time of fecundation
arrives. Then the triongulin changes its
quarters from the body of the male to that
of the female, where it remains on the
watch for the laying of the egg, when it
transfers itself to that, and with it enters
the honey-chamber.

With it it is shut up when the antho-
phorus closes the door of the chamber for
another season. The triongulin will not
eat the honey, for it is sure death to it by
drowning if it touches it. It floats on the
egg, and feeds upon it. When it has used
up its ration it changes its shape, as well as
its habits and tastes. It is as eager now for
the honey as it was to keep away from it,
and grows upon it until it goes through
another change, and becomes the sitaris
which we observe coming out from the
chambers of the anthophorus. Three years
of assiduous studies and investigations
were required to obtain this life-history.

Stanl<-y is to have a rival. An explor-
ing expedition is just starting for the
interior of Alaska. It is sent out by Messrs.
Arkell & Harrison, projjrietors of " Frank
Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper," who offer
prizes of a .^300 photographic camera, and
a $50 Kodak to the amateur photographers
who shall send to it the most artistic speci-
mens of their work. " Frank Leslie's " last
week jiortrays vividly the cruelties prac-
ticed on United States marines.

Sis:n!!i ol" Rrogross. — Under this
heading, D. R. Emery, of Longmout, Colo.,
writes to the Farmer as follows, on March
13, 1890:

In the Ameuican Bee Jodrxal we notice
descriptions of hives, and improvements in
handling and hiving swarms. This shows
life and progress. Thinkers and experi-
menters are sometimes called ''cranks,"
but it is through such leverage we are
sometimes lifted out of old and worn-out
ruts, into ways of progress and useful
convenience.

W^hat are some of the needs of the busy
apiarist ? Simply, expeditious hiving of
swarms; easy access and handling of
frames, sections and honey ; exclusion and
control of bees and queens. Alley and Lacy
show quite a simple automatic swarm-
hiver, the principle of which seems correct;
which, no doubt, with a proper understand-
ing of adjustment and material used, will
prove a great blessing, and be appreciated
by the fraternity.

Hints to Supply I>ealers.— The
following letter just received from one of
our advertisers, who speaks from years of
experience, should be read by all who have
anything to sell, and desire to find pur-
chasers for the same :

During the year 1888, we had an adver-
tisement running in the American Bee
Journal, and we had the same in several
Daily and Weekly papers, but to our surprise
we received more than double the number
of responses from the advertisement in the
American Bee Journal, than from all our
others combined.

The fact that we are still receiving letters
referring to our advertisement in the Bee
Journal, shows that it is preserved and read
long after it is received. Newspapers are
read and thrown aside and that ends it, but
the Bee Journal is preserved, and tbe
advertisements are often noticed and bring
responses long after they appeared in it.

We regard the American Bee Journal as
a first-class advertising medium.

Cedar Rapids High-Speed Engine Co.,"
Henry Rickel, President.
March 22, 1890.

l^e«- Catsilos^iies and Price-Lists for
1890 are received from —

Dr. G. L. Tinker, New Philadelphia, O.—
3-i pages — Hives, Sections and Bees.

W. W. Bliss, Duarte, Calif.— 4 pages-
Apiarian Supplies.

Aaron Hunt, Gordon, O. — 24 pages — Sup-
plies for the Apiary.

H. H. Brown, Light Street, Pa.— 18 pages
— Bees and Bee-Keepers' Supplies.

W. S. Vandruff, Waynesburg, Pa. — 8
pages — Bees and Supplies for the Apiary.

W. J. Row, Greensburg, Pa. — 8 pages —
Apiary and Hive Factory.

Levering Bros., Wiota, Iowa — 30 pages —
Bee Keepers' Supplies.

P. C. Erkel, Le Sueur, Minn.— 4 pages —
Apiarian Supplies.

J. W. Clark, Clarksburg, Mo. — 12 pages
— Bees, Queens and Supplies.

Frank A. Eaton, Bluffton, O. — 16 pages —
Italian Bees and Queens. Also another of
6 pages devoted to Poultry.

G. D. Black & Bro., Independence, Iowa
— 16 pages — Seeds and Apiarian Supplies.

Lewis Roesch, Fredonia, N. Y. — 30 pages
—Small Fruit Plants, etc.

Convention IVotices.

tt^" The spring meeting of the Northern Illinois
Bee-Keepers' Association, will meet at the residence
of D. A. Fuller, in Cherry Valley. Ills., on May 19th,
18911. D. A. Fuller. Sec.

SW The next regular meeting of the Southwes-
tern Wisconsin Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held at Boscobel, Wis., on Thursday, May 1,1890,
at 10 a.m. Benj. E. Kick, Sec.

ff^" The 12th annual session of the Texas State
Bee-Keepers' Association, will be held at Green-
ville. Hunt (\i.. Texas, on May 7 and s, ikho. All in-
terested are invited. J. N. Hdnter, Sec.

tg^Tlie sprint? meeting of the Capital Bee-Keepers'
Association, will be held in the Supervisor's Room
of the Court House at SpringHeld. Ills., at 10 a.m.,
on May 7, 1S90. The following subjects will be dis-
cussed": "Production and Care of Comb Honey," by
Jas. A. Stone: "Prevention of After-Swarms." by A.
Lewis; and "Creating a Home Market," by G. F.
Robbins. All interested are cordially invited to
attend. 0 K. YocoM, Sec.

S:^* The spring meeting of the Missouri State Bee-
Keepers' Association, will be held at Marshall. Saline
Co., Mo., on Wednesday and 'I'hursday. April 16 and
17, IMHO. in the County Court Room. Reduced rates
at the hotel, for bee-keepers, have been secured, and
a committee is at work to secure rates on the rail-
roads. A cordial invitation is extended to bee-keep-
ers everywhere, and especially to those of Mii^souri.
A number of essays from prominent bee-men are
expected, and an interesting time is anticipated.
J. W. RoosE, Sec.

TH® rnvmuMicmn wmm jonjKrfKiL.

229

mms % Replies,

Biiildiiiir a Hoii§e fur Ociieral
Use in tlie Apiary.

Written for the American Bee Journal

Query 698.— 1. What would he the most
convenient iirrangement toi- a house to be
used for all the accommodations of an apiary
of 75 or 100 colonies, to include shop, store-
room for honey, hives, etc. ? :.'. Should it be
one story high, or tivo ?— W. Va.

2. I prefer a two-story Ijuikling.— G. M.

DOOI.ITTLE.

I am not prepared to answer either ques-
tion.—M. Mahin.

1 and a. Yourown taste and convenience
should decide.— A. B. Mason.

Get any of the standard works on apicul-
ture tor answer.— G. L. Tixkek.

Two-stories high; make a double floor
above, so that no dust will work through
the floor. — H. D. Cutting.

1. I think that the one illustrated in my
"Bee-Keepers' Guide" is excellent. 3.
Two stories.— A. J. Cook.

1. Space will not admit of a reply to
this query in this department, a. It should
be two stories, unless in a dangerously
windy location. — Jams.s Heddon.

1. I could not give a full answer in so
small a space. 2. I prefer two stories.— C.

C. MiLLEK.

This question is treated in the bee-books,
and requires too long an answer for this
place.— J. M. Shuck.

I would advise the questioner to visit
some well-managed apiarian establishment,
and look around. To answer this question,
would require a whole article, with dia-
grams.—J. P. H. Brown.

1. This would depend much upon the
situation of the bee-yard, surroundings,
etc., details of which would be too lengthy
for this department. 2. I presume a two-
story building would be preferable.— J. M
Hambaugh.

I like mine, which is 30x30 feet, one
story, divided into two rooms below— one
for honey, and the other a shop. There
would be plenty of room above tor storage
of hives, etc., which answers well for 400
or 500 colonies.— R. L. Tavlok.

If I were to build such a house, I would
figure on an octagon two-story building, 14
or 16 feet across. I would use the ground
floor for a shop, and the second story for
honey, and such other fixtures as would
seem best.— Eugene Secok.

1. A house about 14x18 feet. 2. Two
stories high, the upper story to be used for
a shop for making hives, etc., and storage
of the same; the lower story for the storage
of honey, cases, etc., and a cellar under-
neath could be used for the storage of bees
m winter.— Mr.s. L. Harrlson.

1 and 2. Octagonal, two stories high,
with L for work and storage room. I do
not think that a house apiarv will be a suc-
cess, and would not advise any one to
build one; I speak, however, from informa-
tion—not from experience.— J. E. Pond.

I should set it on high ground, and have
a good bee-cellar under it. The shop I
would arrange on one end of the first
floor, and a store-room for honey on the
other. A second story would be very con-
venient for storing empty hives, supers,

etc.— C. H. DiBBERN.

This department is too limited in space
to more than hint at a plan for convenient
apiary buildings. My plan is to have the

building but oni- story high; 15 feet wide,
and as long as necessary for all purposes.
Have an 8 foot utlice in front, next to the
honey store-room, then the extracting room
T'i feet, and, lastly, the shop. A good
cellar under the store and extracting
rooms will be convenient and useful. -G.
W. Demaree.

Build it to suit your fancy or require-
ments. We should prefer it to he two
stories high, about 20x30 feet, with two
rooms below and one above. The latter
should have a double floor to keep the dust
from the lower rooms, in one of which the
honey can be stored; the other would make
a good work-shop. The upper room will be
excellent for storage. — The Editor.

Lan^slrotii Hive — Placing: tiie
€onib Honey Super.

Written for the American Bee Journal

Query 699.— 1. What is the projier propor-
tions for the LauKst roth hive'/ ■,'. Should the
super tor comb honey fit directly on the top of
the hive, or insidr of the same— resting on the
top of the frames ?— Michigan.

2. On top.— Mrs. L. Harrison.

2. On the top of the hive.— R. L. Taylor.

1. If I used the Langstroth hive, I would
have it hold ten frames. 2. On the top of
the hive.— M. Mahin.

1. Nineteen and % inches long, outside
measure; 1 5 T.^' inches wide, outside meas-
ure, and 10 inches deep. 2. On top the
hive. — A. B. Mason.

1. See Langstroth's book. 2. It should
fit the honey-board, resting on the outside
rim of the hive— never on the brood-frames.

— C. H. DiBBEllX.

1. The Langstroth, of course, otherwise
it ceases to be a Langstroth hive. 2. On
top of the hive or a honey-board. — G. M.

DOOLITTLE.

1. The frame is 11% by 9\. The hive I
prefer holds eight frames, so that it would
be, inside measure, 13x18 inches, and 10
inches high. 3. On the hive, scant '*„ of an
inch above the frames. I prefer this.— A.
J. Cook.

1. The Langstroth hive that I use is 20
inches long, 13 '4 wide, and 9 »f^ inches deep,
outside, made of Jsinch lumber. The frame
is the "standard Langstroth," 17vVx9",^
inches. 2. The super should rest on the
hive, and the same size outside, as the hive.
— H. D. Cutting.

1. The Langstroth frame is 17?sx9ii,
inches— top-bar 19 inches long. Now you
can make the body of the hive to suit the
number of frames you desire. 2. I prefer
to have the super inside the hive, and to
rest on top of the frames. — J. P. H. Brown.

1. Unfortunately, the size of the Lang-
stroth frame is not uniform, as made by
different men. I always supposed it to be
17-\x9is inches, outside measure. Some
make it 17-'.,xl)'„ inches. Of course there
should be a bee space above, below, and at
the ends of the frames. The size otherwise
can be made for as many frames as you
desire to use. 2. I like it resting on the
hive only — a bee-space above the frames. —
Eugene Secor.

1. The dimensions of my hives which use
the generally adopted Langstroth size of
frames— length 1 «>;,', depth 9I^,and breadth
15'i,. This is inside measure, and will
accommodate ten frames 17%x9^i5 inches,
spaced IJ-^ inches from center to center. 2.
On top of the hive. — J. M. Hambaugh.

wood zinc (lucen-excluder, and an eight-
frame hive of the length of the standard
Langstroth, but the brood frames should
be only 7 inches deep. But it is not proper
to use a <iueen-excluder, in working for
comb honey, on an eight or ten frame
Langstroth hive of the usual size. 2. On the
top of the hive.— G. L. Tinker.

Take the Langstroth frame and make the
hive deep enough to leave a bee-space of
5-1 (> of an inch on top of the frames, and
long enough to leave 5-1 6 or •'?« of an inch at
each end ; then it depends upon how you
want to epace the frames, and the number
you wish to use, what width you will adopt.
2. I prefer them on the top of the hive, but
it is possible I am wrong. — C. C. Miller.

The Langstroth hive should be 14 '^^
inches wide, and long enough to carry a
frame that will hold four 4 '4x4 '4 sections;
that is to say, the size of the " Simplicity."
This will take ten frames. Some prefer a
narrower hive, to take eight frames only.
The proportion should be the same in the
narrower hive. — J. E. Pond.

1. The Langstroth hive should never be
made. Many improvements of it are bet-
ter than the original. The inside dimen-
sions of the Langstroth are— depth 10
inches, length 18 '4 inches, and width 15
inches. These are inside measurements.
2. There was a bee-space between the
frames and the " honey-board," and the
super or boxes rested on the honey-board.
—J. M. SnucK.

My undersized Langstroth hive is simply
a well-made box, 14xl8}8 and Q'':, inches
deep, inside measure. This I call the "hive
body." The hive body is rabbeted at the
ends, so that the standard Langstroth
frame, when in place, is adjusted in a cen-
tral position in the hive body, having half
the bee-space above, and half below the
frames. These hive bodies are used for
brood chamber and for upper stories. A
rimmed bottom-board is used that may be
fastened on with clamps or not. I hardly
ever fasten the bottoms. Section-cases are
made the same size, but, of course, of
proper depth for the sections. The queen-
excluders have wood rims around them with
half a bee space on both sides. The whole
is arranged so that one department will
tier on a S(/i(a)'c,/oi;i;,one on the other. The
standard Langstroth frame is 17?8x938
inches. Nothing beats this arrangement. —
G. W. Demaree.

1. The best that I have ever used for the
standard Langstroth frame, eight in num-
ber, has an inside net dimension as follows :
Ten inches deep, llj'o wide, 18is long; out-
side measure, 10;^ inches deep, 13 wide,
and 19 ;4 long. 2. Directly on top of the
hive, never sliding over on the outside, nor
on the inside the least bit. Avoid all that,
as you would foul brood. The super should
not rest on top of the frames. There should
be a bee-space between the bottom surface
of the super and the top of the frame. This
bee-space should be in the top of the brood-
chamber, and never anywhere else, under
any circumstances. — James Heddon.

The Report of the proceedings of the
20th annual session of the International
American Bee-Association contains, besides
the interesting report, the new songs and
music then used, and engravings of the
present officers as well as the retiring ones.
In all, it contains 36 pages. It is for sale
at this office. The price is 25 cts., postpaid.

1. There are many sizes and proportions
for a Langstroth hive, and opinions vary „. , „_,„,„„
very much. If I wanted to get the largest | Clubs of o for $4.00 to any addresses,
results in comb honey, I would use the Ten for $7.50. if all are sent at one time.

230

Tm® mimmmi€Mm mmm j@wkm:mi,.

COMESl

WIDE FRAMES.

Are tliey

aii}' Better
T Supcri?

than the

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY DR. C. C. MILLER.

On page 184, Mr. J. V. Caldwell
discusses the matter so fairly that I
take pleasure iu replying to his chal-
lenge. I have a very kindly feeling
toward the wide frame for the good it
has done, and I assure you that I
would not to-day have hundreds of
them lying idle in my shop loft if I
had not found something to take their
place that has proven itself a good
deal better. But that does not prove
to you that thej- are better, friend
Caldwell, only that I think so. You
say that they have only one fault that
you know of, the difliculty of taking
out sections. That alone would not
condemn them. It is a very difficult
thing to get a single section out of a
tight-fitting wide frame, but the whole
frame can be emptied with compara-
tive ease, especially if made as I think
the best way. And let me say right
here, that if I were to go back to wide
frames again, I would have them one
tier high, top-bar the same width as
the bottom, and with a bee-space be-
tween the top of the section and the
top-bar, as Mr. Oatman used them.

Now let us see your points. You
think it no advantage that " anj- width
of the 4} section can be used." I
doubt if jou know what you are talk-
ing about as well as I do. Some years
ago I had the same season 4|x4] sec-
tions of five different wjdths— had
them by the hundred — so I kfioiv.
Well, if you knew tlie trouble I had
with those different widths, and how a
few would lie over unfinished of each
kind to torment me for two or three
years, and how I finally burned some
of tliem to get them out of the way,
you would say more emphatically than
over, " I want just one size of sec-
eions." So I think we will shake
liands on that.

But I cannot agree with you on the
next point. When you want all the
sections out of a super, it surely is an
advantage to be able to take them all
out in a lump. I hardly think that
you mean it is not, but you mean that
it is easier to take part out of a wide
frame super than out of a T super.
Well, that depends. I can take a sin-
gle section out of a T super in less
time than I can out of a wide frame
super, but if the wide frame contains

four sections (and I do not believe it
is best to have more than four sections
in a frame), and especially if there is
a bee-space over the sections and un-
der the top-bar, I can take the four
sections out of the wide frame a good
bit sooner than out of the T super.
But it is a rare case that you want to
take just the one frame out. Before
the end sections of a frame are
finished, the middle sections of the ad-
joining frame are finished.

As a general rule you do not want
to take sections out of a super until
the majority are finished, the corner
sections and perhaps a few others are
left unfinished. In that case, whether
wide frame or T be used, you are
likely to take out the whole affair, pick
out the unfinished ones, and put them
in another super to go back on the
hive. Or with the T super you can
easily, with the proper machine, push
the sections all out except about one-
fourth of an inch or so of the bottoms
of the sections, pick off the unfinished
ones, and then let the finished ones all
slide right back again into their old
super. Taken altogether, I think the
convenience of taking out part or all
the sections, as desired, is very much
in favor of the T super.

" The T super contains too many
loose pieces." A fair criticism, but it
is hardly fair to say " while the wide
frame is compact, and has no loose
pieces whatever," for you are not to
compare the T super with a single
wide frame, but with a super of wide
frames. In a T super of 24 sections,
there are five separators and three T
tins — eight loose pieces. In a wide-
frame super of the same capacity,
there are six wide frames, or six loose
pieces, for each frame is a loose piece
just as much as each T tin is a loose
piece. So the T super has a third
more loose pieces than the wide frame
super, and I think the T tins are a
little more troublesome as loose pieces.

"The wide frame also protects the
sections on all sides from the bees, and
to accomplish the same result with the
T supers, a lot of pieces must be laid
on the top and the bottom of the sec-
tions." You are surely laboring under
a misapprehension. I would not put
a lot of loose pieces on the top and
bottom of the sections, because there
is less propolis on a section in a T
super than in a wide frame. The bees
thrust glue in between the top-bar and
the section as also at the bottom, and
they put very little glue on a plane
surface to which they have free access.

In addition to the matters mentioned
I may sa}' that the wide-frame super is
more expensive. That, however, did
not weigh with me, for I had the wide
frames, and it was more expensive to
change. The wide frame super is

longer and deeper, so it takes up more
room, and it weighs more. I have
wide frames for sale, but no T supers.
Marengo, Ills.

SELF-HIVERS.

Proposed Experiments with Self-
Hivini

Written for the American Uee Journal
BY W. HARMER.

I will begin by asking a conundrum,
viz : Why is La Grippe like the self-
hiver ? My answer is, Because it has
come into existence in difierent parts
of the country at the same time. But
I hope that the self-hiver will stay
longer than La Orijipc. I think that
it will, as there is much need of it.

I have already thought out the same
plan as described in Mr. Sawyer's
article on page 183, who asks for the
views of some practical bee-kee])er. I
claim to be one, as by it I get my
bread and butter. I have kept bees
about twenty yeai's, and have had in
that time a great deal of experience
with them, as I was intensely interested
in their work, and longed to be able to
make a special study of their habits
and methods of work : this longing is
about to be realized, as I commence
this season with nothing else in view
as an occupation.

About three years ago, as I was
working my bees for extracted honey,
I found that where I had lifted the
most of the brood into the upper story
of a colony, and shut the queen below,
they were not inclined to swarm, and
in nearly every instance they had in
due time a young queen in the super,
which I made use of by carrying all
the bees to a new stand. I was satis-
fied that if I had cut a little hole in the
top storj', I coilld have had two fertile
queens in the one hive, or two com-
plete colonies living together. Here I
saw food for thought, and also a great
benefit to be derived from experiment-
ing along this line, but I always had
"too many irons in the ffre" (poultry,
small fruit-growing, etc.) until now ;
but the experiments have been going
on just about the same, and Mr. Doo-
little has come out "on top of the
heap." If you don't believe it, just
read his book.

I will now give my views of Mr.
Sawyer's plan, by describing ir\y plan,
which 1 have decided to try the com-
ing season. It is as follows :

Cut (b}' measurement or pattern)
before the hives are put together, a
IJ or 2 inch hole in the sides of the
hives ; place two hives on one stand,
side by side, one facing east and the
other west ; then before swarming

T^mm mvmmmiGmn muM jO'inmmmi^.

231

^••^«*-'^^;ii~'— '—■'—■-— ■*

conimonoes, prepare the empty ones
of each pair with frames of founda-
tion or empty combs. I see no need
■of a queen-excluder between the hives,
as I would allow the old queen with
clipped wing to occupj' the new home,
which I am pretty sure she will do, as
soon as they begin to be the least
crowded for room. This, I believe,
would be better than Mr. Sawyer's
way of having the queen-cells mature
in the new hive.

I do not know that there is a neces-
sity for a queen-excluder even after
the old queen has taken up her new
quarters. I have strong grounds for
believing it unnecessary, as I believe
that a great many queens can occupj'
the same house or hive (if it is large
enough) with easy access to each
other's quarters — in fact, I make the
assertion that it is so, and I will give
my reasons for so saying, in another
article. I think that this subject has
a great deal to do with bee-keeping in
the near future, and one that needs
experimenting.

Mr. Sawyer asks how to use this
plan when wanting no increase. It
seems to me that here is where there
will be a benefit, as the two colonies are
already united, and all that needs to
be done is to save the best queen by
killing the worst, or taking all the
combs cut of one hive in the fall, let-
ting all the bees and queen run on the
combs of the adjoining hive, and al-
lowing Nature to take its course, es-
pecially if both queens are good, and
the bee-beeper has no use or sale for
her. What do bee-keepers say to this ?
"Let your light so shine," etc.

Manistee, Mich.

BEE-ESCAPE.

A Diamond-Shaped One — Latest
Simple Arrangement.

Written for the, American Bee Journal

BY JOHN S. REESE.

The growing demand for bee-es-
capes, and information how to make
and use them, has induced me to make
models of quite a number of shapes.
Mr. C. H. Dibbern claims the introduc-
tion of the horizontal arrangement,
under a hole in a board and in the bee-
space, and I have one of his models.
It is good of the kind, but I will pro-
ceed with mine.

The accompanjing illustration will
clearly show a very simple and easily-
made ari-angement within the board
and flusli with both sides, that would
not seem to need more describing.

We will take for granted that a
board f to f of an inch thick will
make a good inner cover, and such

boards are accessible to almost every
one. These boards should be made of
such size, and bee-spaces to suit the
hives used. In the center of the es-
cape-board make a point with a scribe-
awl, in which to start your bit. Just
two inches from this center-point, and
on each side of it on a line the long
way of the board, make two more
points. Now bore one 3-inch hole in
the centre, and one IJ-inch hole on
each side ; a scroll-saw will cut this hole
nicely. These holes will make an open-
ing to receive the escape, which is
made as follows :

One piece of wire-cloth 4 inches
wide and 7 inches long, with a IJ-inch
hole in the center for the top side.
One piece of wire-cloth 4 inches wide
and 5j inches long for the under side.
The narrow strip of wire-cloth that
forms the cone, and goes between the
top and bottom pieces, should be just

'MJ^ *

liecse^s New Bee-Escape.

a fraction wider than the board is
thick, and 11 inches long. This strip
is put into proper shape by bending it
around a little block of wood, made
diamond shaped, 4^ inches long and
2| inches wiile, the points being made
round and blunt.

It will be found best to make the
lap and join the ends on the side of
the diamond, and cut the exit holes
in each end of the diamond cone strip
(B B) with a pair of pointed scissors.
The cone-strip should be attached to
the top-piece, which has the hole in it,
with short pieces of wire, and then
adjusted in the board and tacked to it.
The under piece should next be tacked
on in such a manner as to allow an
exit at each end, as shown in the cut at
C C. This very simple arrangement
forms a double cone or barrier, and
the expense of material and time to
make it is scarcely worth computing.

To make the IJ-inch hole in the top
piece or the wire-cloth, take two pieces
of f-inch board the same size as the
wire-cloth ; bore a l|-inch hole in the
center of each, and place the wire-
clotli between, clamp together, and
out out the wire-cloth in the hole with
a pen-knife. This can all be done in

less time tlian it takes to write it. The
engraving shows the top of the escape.

Please bear in mind that this pal-
tern of a l)ee-cscape has not had a
practical test during a honc3--tlow, but
has every indication of being a perf<!Ct
success. Any pattern of a bee-escape
will work to perfe(!tion under feeders,
cleaning out extracting combs or sec-
tions, etc. This unusual excitement
does not exist when an escape is
used during a honey-tlow, when we
want to take oft' full cases (extracting
or sections), and lead the working
force automatically down into an
empty super or brood-chamber.

This escape-board can be used as an
inner cover hj simply placing a thin
board or piece of tin (jver the escape,
and if the bees should daub it up with
propolis, hold the escape over a heat
(a lamp or a few shavings on fire),
when it can all be jarred oft' at one lick.

Winchestei-, Kv.

DEADLY SPRAY.

Tlie Spraying of Fruil-1'ree§-
Piaiil-Curculio, etc.

Written for the Americin Bee Jou/rnal
BY L. F. ABBOTT.

In the American Bee Journal for
March 15. in reply to Mr. R. G. Robert-
son, of Marshall, Mo., regarding the
spraying of fruit-trees for the destruc-
tion of various larvie which prej' upon
the fruit, the question is asked : "Why
use poison at all ?" And then this
valuable information is cited : Mr.
Peter Brickey gave last yeav regarding
the curculio, and a method of prevent-
ing their depredations.

In the first place, was what Mr.
Brickey says true (which it is not) of
the curculio, that thej- crawl up the
trunk of the tree which they infest,
the method which he gives would not
signify in preventing the ravages of
the great enemy of orchard fruits — the
larva; of the codling-moth. There
need be no trouble nor apprehension
of disaster to bees by spraying of
fruit-trees, if we will take the trouble
to go about the business understand-
inglj', and in a common-sense manner.

First, let us understand the habits of
the insects we wish to combat. The
great enemy . of the apple-orchard is
the codling-moth larvfe. These are
propagated by a little miller which ap-
pears at intervals through the summer,
and deposits its eggs in the blossom-
end of the apple. Its appearance in
early summer is governed by the sea-
son ; but it may be confldentlj- ex-
pected when the apples are just set,
and the blossoms have entirely dried
up. The codling-moth flies at night.

232

TMM MBi®MI©Mlf ®®® J@)^Mf¥MI^.

>^*<i«»*»f *i»*^*^*^*^*i>*^«^-^-^^^'-^-'-^^-^-'-'

hAm,mmtA*

and visits the small apples — never the
Howei's — and deposits one egg only in
the calyx of the embryo fruit. In a
few days the eggs hatch, and the little
worm — the merest mite — commences
to eat its way into the fruit.

Spraying the tree with the poisoned
water even as soon as the eggs of the
moth are laid, if no rain intervenes,
will prove efficacious in destroying the
larv;v, as at this stage of the growth
of the fruit, the calyx is upward, and
oft'ers the best possible means of de-
stroj'ing the worms, as the liquid ap-
plied with a fine spraying nozzle — and
no other should be used — is sure to
drop into the upturned cup of the
fruit, so wlien the worms commence to
eat, it is to their death.

To be most effectual, the spraying
should be done once in ten days after
the first application until the fruit tips
and turns the calyx down. The first
brood of worms which infest the apples
before they turn downwards, proves
l)y far the most destructive. However,
later spraying of the trees to destroy
a second brood of worms, which, prob-
ahl}- appear in Missouri, say in July
and the Ui'st of August, would un-
doubtedly destro}' many of these later
larvw, and I should certainly recom-
mend its trial.

Great care should be exercised in
mixing the poison, not to get it too
strong, and thus injure the foliage. A
jjurc article of Paris-green or Loudon
purple, using one pound to 200 gallons
of water, is of sufficient strength. In
using Paris-green, means should be
used to keep the water thoroughly agi-
tated while applying, as the poison is
not dissolved b}" water, but only held
in suspension, and ijuickly settles to
the bottom of the vessel, if not stirred.
With the common brands of the article
as usually bought for killing of potato-
bugs, 150 to 175 gallons of water to
tlie pound may be safely used.

THE CURCULIO.

The plum curculio is a very different
insect fn^m the codling-moth. The
latter Cnr/iocapsa poinanella belongs to
the order of Lepidopte.ra, which in-
cludes all the butterllies and moths.
The curculio is one of the snout beetles,
order Caleoptera, genus Conolrachelus
ne?iuphnr Herljst, and is not depend-
ent by any means upon his legs alone
for means to get at the young fruit of
the plum-trees, which it punctures and
deposits an egg therein ; in fact, it is
doubtful if these little beetles ever
crawl up the trunks of the trees they
infest at all ; the wings forming a
much more speedy and effectual means
of accomplishing their object. Hence,
Mr. Brickey's kerosene-saturated bands
are entirely useless for the purpose of
preventing the ravages of the curculio.

There are certain caterijillars, and
the female of the canker-worm moth,
which is wingless, which might be
partially hindered from ascending the
trees by such bands, but they would
need to be quite broad and frequently
saturated with kerosene at the risk of
injuring the trees.

In no case do the beetles infest the
flowers to their damage, nor would it
be of the slightest use to spray the
fruit trees while the blossoms in any
stage remained. It is after the fruit
sets that these little snout beetles be-
gin to sting the plums. It first makes
a small, crescent^shaped incision, with
its snout,in the skin of the plum, then,
turning around, inserts an egg in the
wound.

These insects begin their depreda-
tions as soon as the fruit is set, and
continue until the middle or last of
July. Thus it would seem to be nec-
essar}' to spray the fruit at intervals
from the time it sets until the latter
period, which, in fairly diy seasons,
might be three or four times.

From the foregoing, it will be seen
that it is worse than useless to spray
the trees of either orchard or garden
fruits while the blossoms are yet seen ;
and, also, that the insect most dam-
aging to the apple crop and the cur-
culio, are veiy distinct species, al-
though the latter does frequently infest
the apple to some extent.

Lewiston, Maine.

SUPERS.

Super Question, and Sug^gestions
Concerning It.

Written for the American Bee Journal
BY M. M. BALDKIDGE.

The following interesting letter is
froiu a Wisconsin bee-keeper of 32
years experience, and an expert in the
production of comb honey :

"In regard to supers, this has been
a topic oi' much thought and study
with me, and yet I am as much in the
dark as ever. As you say, we need a
super that will hold the sections close
together, and expose as little as pos-
sible of their outside surface to the
bees.

" I have tried the old style Heddon
super, and use it some now. M3' ob-
jection to it is, that the bees glue in
the sections at times so tight as to in-
juie the lionej' to remove them. I got
the T super of Dr. Miller, and dis-
carded that after one year's trial.
When one section is out, the others are
liable to tumble out. I sent also to
Frank Eaton for one of his supers.
This has slats on the bottom, and the
same shape as the open-sided section,

on which the section rests. It has also
a drop-leaf side. I have sold all the
supers on this plan but one.

" I aim to have as little machinery
about my apiary as possible, and,
therefore, I do not like the wide-
frame supers, nor the separators. By
using sections seven to the foot, I sel-
dom have any bulged ones, even with-
out separators. I want a super that
will permit me to take out any section
from the outside and place it in the
middle, and vice versa, in case I so
desire.

"Geo. E. Hilton makes a T super
with the tins stationary, in which, on
one side, is a follower, and bj- means
of two thumb-screws the sections are
pressed sidewise close together. This
super can be turned upside down, and
the sections will remain in place, but
by a slight turn of the thumb-screws
the sections will drop down | of au
inch, and theft the super may be lifted
upward and removed. But here comes
the trouble with propolis. As the T
tins separate the rows of sections a
trifle, the bees will fill the openings
with propolis unless another set of tins
is used on top also. But I have sent
for one of these supers, and shall give
it a thorough trial, if I live long
enough.

■' Very few bee-keepers have given
the super question the proper atten-
tion it deserves. The subject is by no
means exhausted.

"Asa rule, I sell ni)' comb honey
here at home, cash down, to a commis-
sion man, at 15 cents per pound ; put
u]) in crates holding 28 sections each.
My extracted honey I sell at 12J cents
per pound, in lots of from 12 to 50
pounds, to my customers here.

" I have used the difl'erent kinds of
sections, but prefer the rl-piece dove-
tailed. I glue the corners usually,
but it is a deal of work. I can ar-
range the 4-pieoe sections so that they
will remain perfectly square. My ob-
jection to the one-piece is, that it is
seldom square when folded — being
diamond in shape."

The foregoing shows that the super
question is by no means settled, and
that others, aside from myself, are on
the hunt for something better than
what we have been using. And that
what we want will yet be found there
is no doubt whatever ; for the necessity
will secure it, she still being as much
the " mother of invention " as she ever
was. The super I want, and must
have, is one that will keep the sections
in close contact with each other, both
endwise and sidewise, and which will
enable me to secure the outer surface
of the tops and bottoms, as well as the
sides, when filled with honey, as clean
and bright as when first given to the
bees. And we must be able to do this

TH® mimMMifsmm m^nm jq-ukpikxt.

233

without the use of wide frames, so as
to save their expense. We want, how-
ever, an arrangement that will also
enable us to use separators or to dis-
pense with them at will. Who will
coiue to tlie rescue ?

My correspondent incidentally re-
fers to his plan of selling his crop of
honey. It pleases me to learu that he
makes the commission man buy his
crop outright, and to pay cash for it
before it leaves his apiary ! This is
right, and is preoiselj' what every bee-
keeper sliould do. If all would do
this, the wholesale dealer would then
take an interest in getting his money
back as well as a living- profit besides,
and this would be one of the means of
keeping the price up where it should
be.

St. Charles, Ills.

SWARM-HIVERS.

How Culonies are managed
Wlien They are Used.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY WESLEY DIBBLE.

I am in receipt of numerous letters
asking for replies to questions in rela-
tion to my article on page 72. As the
matters are of importance to many
others, I would like to answer them in
the American Bee Journax.

My experiments with my plan of
hiving swarms, leads to narrow en-
trances and wide entrances of hives,
queen-excluders on the outside, and
queen-excluders on the inside of the
hive-entrances. The former is a com-
plete failure, while the latter is a par-
tial success, and then only when the
entrance is clear across the hive.

With a narrow entrance, there is a
dark space between the entrance of
the hive and the entrance of the tun-
nel, that the queen will seldom pass
over. The entrance uiust go clear
across the hive.

I recommend the queen-excluding
honey-board in preference to the
queen-excluder on the entrance of the
hives. If, however, the metal is used
on the hives, it must be on the inside
so as to keep the queen back,
even with the entrance of the tunnel.
As the queen goes back and forward,
endeavoring to get out, she will march
through the tunnel.

My experiments also lead to using
screen-wire, and also queen-excluders
for the tunnel that connects the two
hives. I advise all not to hesitate to
use the wire-cloth in the absence of
the queen-excluding metal, as I can
see no difference in results between
them. I will add here (but not posi-

tively), that there is no need of putting
the cone in tlu; tunnel.

I think that Mr. Alley has said that
after a swarm has issued, and the
(lueen has strayed under the bottom of
the stand — after the bees find her, they
will cluster with her, and not leave
her for the oUl hive.

I partially agree with Mr. Alley ;
but even though the bees return to the
old hive when swarming, it is soon
conveyed from one bee to another,
that the queen is through the tunnel,
and they will march through it and
cluster with the queen in thfe next
hive.

I can answer several questions by
telling how I proceed further on. The
hive prepared for the swarm has either
half-inch starters of foundation, and
confined to six frames, or the same six
frames with full sheets of foundation.
Then comes tlie sections, vvitli a queen-
excluder between the two. After the
swarm has issued 2-1 hours, or on the
next day, exchange the hives, always
leaving the surplus case with the new
swarm.

To prevent swarms, from four to six
days remove, in the middle of the day
(when the bees are well in the field),
the old colony to a new and permanent
location. If, however, the weather is
bad, not allowing the bees in the field,
shake or brush the frames, and leave
the bees on the old stand. A little
good judgment will tell how many to
leave, and not rob the old colony that
is removed.

After removing the old hive, you
may introduce a laying queen, a virgin
queen, or a ripe queen-cell, or leave
them to rear a queen of their own. In
either case, I think that you will not
be bothered with after-swarms.

I am aware that among practical
bee-keepers, there is a diversity of
opinion, and upon all subjects they
disagree.

HONEY.

Prodiiclion, Care and Sale ivlien
Extracted from the Comb.

Written far the American Bee Journal
BY JAMES HEDDON.

I was so verj' busy with my manj-
duties about the time you oflered
prizes for the three best articles on the
production, care and sale (I think it
was) of extracted honey, that I never
saw the ofl'er and rules given until it
was too late for me to compete.

It strikes me that the specialist of
the future will be compelled to use a
hive and system of management
adapted thereto, with which he can
manipulate his colonies and surplus
cases very rapidly, and with but little

exposurit to robbers at a time of ycai'
when they are about. He will also
ne((d an arrangement or .system of
manipulation which greatly discour-
ages, or entirely prevents, natural
swarming. This he must have, be-
cause he must keep more than one
apiary, and lu; must not go to the ex-
pense of keeping a man in everyone,
unless his apiaries contain a large
number of colonies, which may bo
practical in some localities, but not in
all.

In coming to the consideration of
the special production of extracted
honey, let me call attention to one
point which I consider the greatest of
all in comparing the production of
comb with that of extracted hone}'.
Although the sections had to be
bought, pounded together, filled with
foundation, placed in the case, and
after being filled must be removed,
scraped and placed in the shipping-
crates, all this labor, most of which
the production of extracted honey does
not involve, is all made up, if not more
than counterbal.anced, by the fact that
the sections could be put together, the
foundation put in, all adjusted in the
storing case, all taken out of tlie case
after being filled, scraped, put into
shipping-crates ready for market by
boi/s and girls, all in doors, at different
times of the year, and by persons who
could not tell a queen-bee from a mud-
wasp ;' whereas, in the production of
extracted honey, the services of an
apiarist were necessary, and he had to
work in the sun among robbers apart
of the time, subjecting himself to oc-
casional stings, etc.

This is about the way extracted
honej- is produced now-a-days, but it
is not the way we are managing at
present. We use shallow brood-cases
with securely fixed frames, containing
eight straight combs. We put them
on with a single motion, and we alter-
nate and tier them up so quickly rob-
bers cannot get a taste ; and by this
tiering up plan we get most perfectly
ripened honey without letting but
little of it be capped over. Here we
save labor and material for the bees,
and much labor for ourselves. We
remove them from the hive by the
case, the same as we do with comb
honey ; we shake and tremble nearly
all of the bees out of these cases, the
same as with a comb-honey case, and
then stand them up in our screen-
house until the few remaining ones
desert, just as we do with comb honey ;
then wheel the cases to the honej'-
house, invert them on a table, loosen
the screws, lift the case away from the
shallow frames with a motion, leaving
the frames upon the table, all ready to
be handled. These we uncap, extract
in an automatic extractor with four

234

TMM MMERIC'Mff mmm JO^MffMI*.

comb-baskets, each basket being a
little larger than is required to hold a
Langstroth frame, and just large
enough to easily take two of the shal-
low frames of mj case ; consequently
we empty eight frames, or just one
case at a time. We do not have to
touch the combs, or the comb-baskets,
in order to reverse, in throwing the
honej- from both sides of the combs.

This method makes the production
of extracted hone)' easier, simpler,
safer, and surer than that of comb
honey, and in many places more proKt-
able. This article is long enough, so I
w'ill postpone to a future time what I
wish to say regarding the eai-e and sale
of extracted honey.

Dowagiac, Mich.

BEES BY MAIL.

The Rights of Bee-Keepers Un-
der the L.aw.

Written for the American Bee Journal
BY C. J. ROBINSON.

With surprise and solicitude I read
the remarks of Mr. T. F. Bingham, on
page 758 of the Bee Journal for 1889,
relating to mailing bees. He is well-
known as an apiarist, and well quali-
fied to discuss matters pertaining to
bees and bee-keeping, but be does not
" fill the bill " as a erudite jurist, yet
lie usurps the throne of justice and
adjudicates, off-hand, "the meaning of
the law," and insists that his version is
the end thereof.

With due respect for individnal opin-
ions— I feel that in this case I am justi-
fied ; yea, in duty bound, to take ex-
ception to Mr. Bingham assuming the
whole realm of opinion, not allowing
room for a back-seat for others.

As a fourth-class P. M., Mr. Bing-
ham holds that bees ai-e not mailable
matter, except in limited numbers, to
agree with his notion of law. However,
the construction he puts on the lan-
guage of the eighth sub-division of
Sec. 372 of the Mail Code, is not au-
thorit}- nor common sense in a legal
point of view. Neither Mr. Bingliam
nor myself are competent to decide as
to what the codifiers of the last Mail
Code had in view when they formed
the eightli sub-division of that section
wiiich reads: "Queen-bees and their
attendant bees may be sent in the mails
when properly put up, so as not to in-
jure the persons of those handling the
mails, nor soil the mail-bags or their
contents." As to the intent and mean-
ing of the codifiers of the said code,
we. the laity, are not called upon, not
competent to decide.

Tlie Postmaster General has discre-
tionary jurisdiction, so far as to con-

strue the meaning of the language of
the code, but his ruling is subject to
appeal and review by the United
States courts. It is very probable the
codifiers aimed to so phrase that sub-
division that great scope might be
given its meaning.

From August, 1863, when I mailed
the first queen and attendant bees that
were ever shipped by mail transit, un-
til March, 18(36. there was no provision
of law mentioning bees as mail mat-
ter, yet if Mr. Henry Alley is good au-
thoritj-, bees have been shipped in the
mails each year from the beginning of
1863 ; and that, too, notwithstanding
the Post-Office Department, by special
order, prohibited the mailing of loees.

In May, 1873, Hon. B. F. Butler,
while a member of Congress, inter-
viewed the Postmaster General with a
view of getting the order revoked, but
Benjamhi was informed that he, the
Postmaster, "does not deem it advis-
able to reverse or modify the former
decision." (See the American Bee
Journal for 1873, page 110).

I mentioned hypothetic.ally, that the
language of the law referred to might
be construed to include four or five
million attendant bees, providing the
package did not exceed four pounds.
In answer to my opinion thus ex-
pressed, Mr. Bingham, with the air of
a " court of last resort," declares, un-
qualifiedly, that the meaning of the
law is otherwise — that is, a pound of
bees is not mailable matter, and he
gives notice that he, "as a Postmaster,
should not accept a package of worker-
bees as a queen-bee and her attend-
ants, but should regard it as unsafe
and not within the meaning of the
law, and should refer the matter to the
Postal Department at Washington."

Refer what matter ? A package of
bees is handed to him as mail matter,
and postage paid or tendered. Then
what is the Postmaster's duty in the
case ? He should examine the pack-
age criticallj-- -is not required to count
the bees nor measure the package, but
estimate or weigh the whole, and his
most important official duty is to ex-
amine and assure hinlself that tlie bees
are "securely and properly put up so as
not to do injury," as the law directs.
To see that the cages are reasonably
secure from accident, is all that is in-
cumbent on Postmasters in their dis-
cretion.

If a Postmaster should find that a
cage of bees which is offered him to
mail were not properly put up, he
ought to exclude the package — refuse
to mail it. But if the cage, on exami-
nation, appears to be securely formed
and closed to hold the bees in transit
— none more competent to decide than
T. F. Bingham — then he would not be
justified in refusing to mail nor hold-

ing to "refer the matter," but in his
refusal or holding, lie would be liable
for damages sustained by the party
offering the package, in an action Ln
the local courts. Suppose a bundle of
one thousand, more or less, of queen-
bees and their attendants, were handed
to Mr. Bingham as mail matter. The
bees, all of them, are in one bundle,
which weighs less than four pounds,
and postage paid. He examines the
cage (externally of course), and it ap-
pears to be substantial, the bees being
properly put up. He considers, "Now
I have an old-fashioned notion that it
is not the ' meaning of the law,' that
so many bees can be mailed in one
'bundle.' No, I will not 'accept'
them. I will ' refer the matter to the
Department.' " How does that strike
men of practical sense ?

Mr. Bingham, including certain
others, express momentous fear in the
matter — fear that Messrs. Pratt, Doo-
little and Robinson will, in the course
of human events, turn things upside
down — they will " let loose a pound of
worker-bees in the mail cars, or
pouches, or post-office," and then
everybodj' would be so crazy that bees
would be excluded from the mails —
such apprehension is so unreasonable
that but few take stock in it.

They fear that the Postmaster Gen-
eral will be so unwise in case an
" accident occurs," as to repeal Sec.
372, or the eighth sub-division. Why
not trust Congress to act in the matter?
That bodj' ought to be as wise as our-
selves.

The "danger" does nol lie in the
inattention of shippers, nor the proba-
bility that accidents might occur. The
danger lies in the fact that Postmasters
will fail to do their duty; will not see
that cages containing bees are securely
fitted ; will not see that bees are prop-
erl3' put up for mailing. The ineffi-
cient Postmasters are the only source
of danger, because thej; generally fail
to do that which the law requires
them to do, viz : see that the bees,
when offered, are properly put up.
Who believes or suspects that Messrs.
Doolittle or Pratt would offer a pack-
age of bees as mail matter unless they
were secure from accident ? If all
shippers of bees put them up as secure
as does that hero, Mr. Frank Benton,
no rackets would occur. He sends
bees in the mails safely from the Alps
to South America and to Oregon.

Late in the fall of 1888, I was ex-
pecting queens by mail. One day when
the mail arrived, I stepped into the
Post-office, and when the pouch was
emptied, the Postmaster and some of
his clerks cried out: "Robinson
come here, your bees ai'e swarming."
I found one queen crawling into a
letter-box, and I secured all of the

T^HB mm[Mmi€-mn mmm j&jumnmi^.

235

bees in a moment, while the postal
force stood back, laughing and joking.
There were two cages like Mr. Ben-
ton's not covered with boards, but
paper put over each and clapped to-
gether, j,nd must have been slovenly
tied. Both cages were wound with
twine, such as postal clerks are pro-
vided with. Some postal clerk had
tixed the cages, and perhaps had been
stung, but no harm resulted, only
the queens died soon after. The ship-
per deserved, by reason of his failing
to [jroperly put up the bees, a lecture,
and the Postmaster ought to have been
censured for not refusing to mail the
bundle.

Mr. Bingham argues that it is all-
important that we be favored with
mail transit for queen-bees ; but bees
by the 1-pound or i-pound can be, and
should be shipped by express. I con-
fess I am too stupid to see why or how
the mails can be of so great benefit in
transmitting a very few bees, and not
of like benefit in transmitting a i-
pound, or one or more pounds. True,
the express can do the whole business
of transmitting bees, as was the case
up to my mailing the first queen, and
Father Langstroth adopted my plan,
and he instituted the business of send-
ing bees by mail before any other
queen-breeder got there.

Several years ago, Mr. Ambrozic, of
Austria, shipped hives of bees, full
size, by mail to New York harbor, and
the express took the hives, bees and
all from thence to the consignees. The
mail charges were nothing compared
with express i-ates. Success to ship-
pers of bees in packages of less than
four pounds by mail transit.

Richford, K. Y.

COIVVEIVTIOIV DIRECTORY.

Doolittle on Queen-Rearing:.

Queens can be reared in the upper stories
of hives used for extracted honey, where a
queen-excluding honey -board is used, which
are as good, if not superior, to Queens
reared by any other process ; and that, too,
while the old Queen is doing duty below,
just the same as though Queens were not
being reared above. This is a (act, though
it is not generally known.

If you desire to know how this can be
done — how to have Queens fertilized in up-
per stories, while the old Queen is laying
below — how you may safely introduce any
Queen, at any time of the year when bees
cay fly — all about the different races of
bees — all about shipping Queens, queen-
cages, candy for queen-cages, etc. — all
about forming nuclei, multiplying or unit-
ing bees, or weak colonies, etc. ; or, in fact
everything about the queen-business which
you may want to linow, send for"Doolit-
tle's Scientific Queen-Rearing;" a booli of
170 pages, which is nicely bound in cloth,
and as interesting as a story. Price, 11.00.

1890. Time and place of meetinrj.

April 16, 17.— MisBourl State, at Marshall, Mo.

J. W. Kouse, Sec, Santa Fe, Mo.

May 1.— Southwestern Wisconsin, at BoBcobel. Wis.
Benj B. Rice, Sec, Boscobel, Wis.

.May 3.— Susquehanna Co.. at Hopbottom, Pa.

n. M. Seeley. Sec, Harford, Pa.

Mav 7.— Capital, at Springfield, Ills,

C. E. Yocora, Sec, Sherman, Ills.

May 7, .h.— Texas State, at Greenville. Tex.

,1. N. Hunter, Sec, Celeste, Tex.

May 19.— Northern Illinois, at Cherry Valley, Ills.
D. A. Fuller, Sec, Cherry Valley, Ills.

II^° In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — The Editor.

Honey-Drinks— Wintering Well.

I have just been looking over some old
copies of the American Bee Journal, and
in one of them I saw this query : " Please
describe a good method of making mead,
metheglin, and any other desirable drinks,
with honey as main ingredient;" and I felt
as though I should like to tell my brother
bee-keepers how proud I felt of them when
I read the answers they gave, for nearlj- all
of them were thus: "We are cold-water
people ;" or " Cold water is the best drink I
know of." I, too, think it is wrong to make
intoxicating drinks out of an ai'ticle so
pure and good as honey.

I have ,iust returned from my visit in
southern Minnesota, to my summer home,
in order to be fully prepared for my sum-
mer work. Since my return, my brother-
in-law (Mr. Wm. Lossing) and I have
looked through all the colonies in the cellar,
and found them wintering very nicely. I
wish to thank the editor for his kind words
on page 163. Miss Ida House.

Moward Lake, Minn., March 19, 1890.

Bees in <>oocl Condition.

Bees did well here last season. I com-
menced in the spring with 31 colonies, and
increased them to 70, by natural swarm-
ing. I placed them in the cellar the last of
December, and took them out about Feb.
15. I lost one colony, but the others are in
good condition. I took off 2,500 pounds of
extracted honey, and 500 pounds of comb
honey, in 1889. My son, Osa, and I, have
purchased the entire stock of bees (149
colonies) and bee-keeping utensils of J. E.
Hunter, making in all an apiary of 218
colonies. T. J. Baldwin.

Wyoming, Iowa, March 31, 1890.

]VIiId Winter in Maine.

I think that bees have wintered well in
this part of the country. We have had a
remarkable winter — there has not been
more than a week at a time but wagons
have been in here — something very unusual.
The temperature has averaged very mild.
In about four weeks — April 20 — we may
expect the bees to be humming, and gather-
ing pollen from the willows and alders. I
do not look for much "bee-weather" before
that time, in this latitude, as usually an
open winter " lingers in the lap of spring."
L. F. Abbott.'

Lewiston, Me., March 22, 1890.

A Conilt-Iloney Cast*.

I have lieeii an interested reader of the
merits and demerits of comb honey supers.
Like J. V. Caldwell (see page 184), I want
but one .size of sections in my apiary. I
cannot champion the old wide frame, as he
seems to want some to do; neither do I like
the T super— in fact, I have discarded all
of the numerous kinds of comb honey
supers, except the new case with a wide
frame which 1 invented. 1 will send the
Bee Joi'KNAi. office a sample of the frame.
There is an unobstructed passage from one
end to the other of the case, entirely doing
away with the necessity of the four-side
bee entrance section ; or any section with
insets. It also enables the bees to build
their combs flush with the front side of the
section, while at the side next to the sep-
arator there will be a bee-space, which is a
great advantage in crating for market.

Chas. R. Ishara, on page 167, says: "By
practicing what is called ' cleating the sep-
arator,' sections without any insets can be
used, and filled with comb flush to the edges
all around. In no other way can this be
accomplished only by using board separa-
tors about '4 of an inch thick." I accom-
plished this very desirable result (of having
the sections filled to the edge) with this
wide frame, which I have been using for
five years. It can be made with a project-
ing top bar to hang in the hive, or reversi-
ble, like the same sent, as may be desired.

Lyons, Wis. F. W. Travis.

[The greatest objection we have to the
Case described by Mr. Travis, is the fact
that it requires sections specially made for
it, 1^4 inches wide without entrance insets.
The nearer we can come to using the same
sections, frames, etc., the better.— Ed.]

■>rones Flying— Getting Pollen.

To-day all was merry in my bee-yard ; 2
colonies had drones flying as freely as in
June. How is that for northern Ohio-
noisy drones flying on March 21? Tally
one more for chaff hives. My 44 colonies
have come through the winter in good con-
dition, and all seem to be strong, excepting
2 colonies that are affected with the
" nameless bee-disease." One colony, and
its swarm that 1 hived on Sept. 4, 1889,
were both bringing in pollen today. The
parent colony reared its own queen last
September. F. J. Krumm.

Pleasant Bend, O., March 31, 1890.

Snccess in Kec-Keeping at ■..ast.

1 have been trying to keep bees for the
last eighteen years, and met with nothing
but failure until last year. I then read the
American Bee Journal, and met with
some success. I commenced last spring
with one good colony and one queenless
colony in a box-hive ; I now have 5 colonies
in Langstroth hives, and 2 in boxhives,
and took over 300 pounds of honey in one-
pound sections. My bees are in fine condi
tion. Lee Powelson.

Batavia, Iowa, March 32, 1890.

An Early Bnmblc-Bee.

A few days ago, while working in the
woods, I dug up a bumble bee. Being sur-
prised at seeing a bumble-bee in the mid-
dle of March, I made a careful examination
of it. It was lying on its back, with its
head downward, in an oblong hole or cell
about twice as large as the bee itself. This
cell was perfectly solid, having ao outlet.
It was not lined, and the bee lay next to
the dirt. The cell was located near the

236

TMW MMBMICMH MMW J@iPMlfMIU.

root of a hickory tree, about four iucbes
below the surface of the ground, which
was covered with leaves, aud frozen hard.
When first seen, the only evidence of life
in the bee was a slight movement of the
legs. I took it in my hands and blew my
breath upon it for some time, but could
not make it able to walk. It had a sad and
forlorn appearance. Around its body, or
in the indentation around its waist were
several small brown lice, all of which were
lively. JI}- greatest curiosity is to under-
stand how this poor bee survived a cold
winter in this ic3' and desolate cell without
any food. Is a bumble-bee warm blooded?
If Prof. Cook will kindly answer this, I
shall feel greatly obliged.

F. B. Pakker.
St. Joseph, Mo., March 24, 1890.

[This is nothing new or strange. The
queen bumble-bee lives over winter in some
cell or crevice. She truly hibernates, as
she eats not and moves not. Many insects
are infested by lice and mites. I have had
ten students studying in my laboratory all
winter during our long three-months' vaca-
tion. It has been so warm that they have
been able to collect most of the time. They
got their insects in the earth, rotten-wood,
and under leaves. Many of the insects
harbored vermin, lice or mites. — A. J.
Cook.]

Results ol'tiie L<ast !^eason.

I commenced the season of 1889 with -17
colonies, aud increased them to 70, which
are all in good condition now. They are
packed in chaff on the summer stands. I
took 2,900 pounds of comb honey in one-
pound sections, and 250 pounds of ex-
tracted honey, last year. A. W. Fisher.

Ganges, Mich., March 24, 1890.

Unfavorable YVeather.

The American Bee Jourxai, comes to me
regularly, and I am much pleased with it —
in fact, I would not be without it for many
times its cost. The month of March has
been bad for the bees — rainy and stormy,
with no prospect of fair weather yet. My
colonies are yet strong in bees, but if the
unfavorable weather continues much longer,
I am fearful that our honey crop, which is
never ver}" large in this "localit5', will be
quite small, as our best honey-ttow com-
mences early in April. J. L. Guthrie.

Juliet, Miss., March 22, 1890.

XranslerriiiK— AlsiUe Clover.

An Illinois lady writes to know how to
transfer bees from an old-fashioned
'•Palace bee-hive" to frame hives; also,
how to divide the bees, as there are enough
for three strong colonies; and what to do
with the bees when fastening the pieces of
combs in the frames. I would smoke aud
drive the bees into some box, to have them
out of the way ; and after the combs are
transferred and divided as wanted, I
would introduce queens to the two queen-
less colonies at once, if the queens are
handy, and if there are no queens to be
used, give ripe queen-cells two days later,
which can be had at swarming time. As
soon as the transferring is done, the bees in
the box are to be divided among the 3
colonies, and allowed to run in at the
entrance.

As the time of the year for sowing clover
will soon Yte at hand, I will give my experi-
ence with it. I have been sowing Alsike
in a small way for the last three years, and

am well pleased with it. When I sow for
hay, I have about }g Alsike and -g red
clover, which makes a very nice quality of
hay. I think that it is not necessary to
mix the seed one half, as the Alsike is very
fine, and goes a great ways when sowed,
which does not ma];e it such a dear seed,
after all. Now as the basswood trees are
mostly cut down for logs and other uses,
bee-keepers ought to provide as much
Alsike clover and buckwheat pasture for
the bees as possible — the more the better,
if we are keeping l:>ees for profit; but if we
are keeping bees for fun only, we can build
up a large apiary in almost any farming
country. As for myself, I keep bees for the
money there is in the business, as well as
pleasure.

The bees had a fine flight to-day, and
carried in a lot of fiour that I give for pol-
len. There were also plenty of bright,
young bees taking their first flight in front
of the strongest colonies, which are indica-
tions of rapid breeding. With a few
exceptions, the bees have come though so
far in fine condition. C. A. Bunch.

Nye, Ind., March 20, 1890.

Preparing- lor a Oood Season.

My bees are wintering thus far without
loss. I increased, last season, from 37 to
73 colonies, and took 1,600 pounds of
white honey, for which I received 15 cents
per pound in my home market. I am pre-
paring for a good year. I have my hives
nearly fiuished for doubling my apiary the
coming season. L. D. O'Dell.

Protection, N. Y., March 26, 1890.

Oast Skins of the Ilacon-Ueetle.

I send you a small box containing a piece
of comb cut from some brood-frame combs
which I purchased from a neighbor who has
lost nearly all his bees (about 80 colonies).
You will find in the comb shells of a worm
covered with long hairs like webs, which
would seem to me to be proof against an
attack by bees. The worm hatches under
a web, and then coats itself with a web
(the same as the wax-moth). I think it
lives on the brood. Will Prof. Cook please
state in the Bee Journal what it is ?

Niles, Mich. Cuas. B. Fritts.

[The cast skins are of the larva or grub of
the bacon-beetle — Dcrmestes lardariut!.
This beetle is described and Illustrated in
my last edition of the " Bee-Keepers'
Guide," on page 414. As I state there, I
do not think that it feeds on anything but
the dead bees. It is a serious pest in
Museums, and especially in insect cabinets.
I have never seen these about combs, except
when they were stored with dead bees or
brood in them. They may gnaw the comb
to get to the bees. — A. J. Cook.]

the cellar as I think necessary, so that the
mice cannot get on it. I then put the hives
on, and I take poison of some kind that will
be sure to kill if mice eat it, and mix it with
corn-meal or flour, and put it into pans on
the bottom of the cellar, so that if mice or
rats do get into the cellar, they will be
very apt to get some of the poisort

I would like to ask a question, viz : If the
drone and queen trap is used on hives to
catch the queen, will it not hinder the work-
ers from carrying in pollen, as the perfora-
tions seem too small to admit of the bees
getting the loads of pollen through? I have
never used the traps, and would like to
know. D. B. Cassady.

Litchfield, Minn.

[We refer this question to Mr. Alley, for
answer. — Ed.]

Mice in Bee-Cellars, etc.

When putting bees into the cellar for
winter, I will give the plan I use to keep
the mice from the bees, viz : I first put
posts in the bottom of the bee-house, or
cellar, so that when in place they are about
18 inches or 2 feet above the bottom of the
cellar. Then put on top of the posts old
joints of stove-pipe, cut open and pressed
out flat, or sheets of tin 1^.1 feet or 2 feet
broad, so that if mice do climb up the posts,
they cannot get up over the edges of the
metal sheets. Then I take a good, one-inch
board, as wide as I can find, and lay it on
top of the posts over the metal sheets,
keeping the board as far from the walls of

Early Pollen.

Our bees were never in better condition
at this season of the year. It is not very
different from what it was last September.
We have Italians that are ahead of any
strain of Italian bees in the world. They
are just such a colony of bees as we have
tried for nearly 30 years to develop. They
possess every desiraltle quality that even
the most timid person could desire. This
colony carried in pollen from the pussy-
willow on March 13; three days earlier
than I ever before knew it to be done here in
New England. Henry Alley.

Wenham, Mass.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

MILWAUKEE. March i:i.— The demand for
honey is vei-y g'ood, aud the supi>ly is fair. We
quote: White l-lbs.,12fi i:ic— and it absolutely
iierfect, sometimes 14c. ; choice, white 2-lbs.,
l'2(g;12!io.: dark 1-lbs., 10@llc.; old 1-lbs.,
SSjiSc. Extracted, white, in barrels and half-
barrels, 7!3@8c. ; in pails and tin, 8(a!8i4c. ;
dark, in barrels and halt-barrels, 6@6!4c.
Beeswax, 22@25c.

A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.

DENVER, March 8.— 1-lb. sections, 1.3@1.5c. ;
Extracted, 7@8c. Thece is sufficient comb
honey to supply the market till the new crop
arrives. Beeswax, 20@2oc.

. J. M. CLAKK COM. CO,, 1517 Blake St.

DETROIT, March 7.— Comb honey is quoted
at IKuilSc. Supply not large, but sales slow.
Extracted, 7@8c. Beeswax, firm at 24®25c.
M. H, HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.

CHICAGO, Mar. 13.— We quote: White clo-
ver in active demand aud quick sales, on arri-
val ; 1-lbs., 13@14c.; 2-Uis., 12®12'/2C. Bass-
wood 1-lbs., 12@13c, Buckwheat 1-lbs., 8®
9c. Extracted, 6 V4@7 He. Beeswax — bright,
2o@2Uc.; dark, 23@24c.

S. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St.

BOSTON, March 22.— Fancy 1-Ibs., 16c. Any-
thing off-grade sells considerably below 16c.
The market is bare of fancy, 1-lb. white honey.
Extracted, 7'/4@8'/2C. No beeswax on hand.
BLAKE & KIFLEY, 57 Chatham St.

CINCINNATI, March 7.— Good demand for.
extracted honev, especially from manufactu-
rers at .5@8c. Comb honey, 12(Hil.")C. for best.
Demand fair.

Beeswax is in good demand at 20@25c. for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH & SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

NEW YORK, March 22.— The market is well
stocked with extracted honey. We quote:
White clover, basswood and California, 7®7H
per lb. ; Southern, 70@'7. 5 cts. per g.allon. No
demand for comb hone.v, except for fancy
stock, at from 12®13c per lb. Beeswax, 27c,
HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,

28-30 Broadway, near Duane St,

Tmm KiviEiRicKN mnm joixRffiSLr.

237

illjMllil'^

BUSINESS MANAGER.

:zzzxxzzzzzzzzzzzzzzxzzzzzzzzzzxz]

lusiwess Notices.

B^" Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should notify us at once.

C^" Money in Potatoes, by Mr. Joseph
Greiner. Price, 25 cents, postpaid. For sale
at this office.

1^" Send us one i^E W subscriber, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

_ ' Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

1^" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.

I^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
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which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

' Please send us the names of your

neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Jourxal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
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'As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write Avwrlcan Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

i;^" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

" 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 25

■' 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

'When talking about Bees to your

friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book,
by maU, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

■ We offer the Monthly Philadelphia

Farm Jounidl, and either the American
Bee Journal or Illustrated Home Jour-
nal for one year, for the small sum of $1.20.
Or, we will ijlve it free for one year to any
one who will send us one new subscriber for
either of our Journals with $1.00 (the sub-
scription price J.

CATARRH.

CATARRHAL DEAFNESS-HAY FEVER.
A New Home Treatment.

Sufferers are not generally aware that
these diseases are contagious, or that they
are due to the presence of living parasites
in the lining niembrane of the nose and
eustachian tubes. Microscopic research,
however, has proved this to be a fact, and
the result of this discovery is that a simple
remedy has been formulated whereby
catarrh, catarrhal deafness and hay fever
are permanently cured in from one to thi'ee
simjjle applications made at home by the
patient once in two weeks.

N. B. — This treatment is not a snuff or an
ointment; both h.ave been discarded by
reputable physicians as injurious. A
pamphlet explaining this new treatment is
sent free on receipt of stamp to pay pos-
tage, by A. H, Dixon & Son, 337 and 339
West King Street, Toronto, Canada. —
Christian Advocate.

Sufferers from Catarrhal troubles should
carefully read the above.
50E26t Imly.

The old prices on Bee-Hives, and new
^l ones found. Send lor Circular — free.
llEtf 1.. J. XKIFP, Kalamazoo, Midi.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

\AI A IVFTFn -^'^ ONCE— a man of some
VV AiN 1 JLU experience in apiary. Ref-
erences exchanged. ROSS & PARKER,
14A2t 700 West Street, Syracuse, N. Y.
Mention the American Bee .Tovmal,

1 ll(j I AL ri.Ml d\Am Langstroth and Square
Frames, .*6; tor larger sizes, $7 to $8. The IXL
Cold-blast Smoker still smokes for 75c., post-
paid. Order now. W. C. R. Kemp, Orleans, Ind.
14ASt
Mention the American Bee Journal.

PIRIV IT.tllW QUEEITS AND BEES I
MULI llALIilil Tested Queens. .*1.50;
Untested. 7oc., or JS.OO per doz. Two or more
pounds of Bees in 1. 2, 3 or 4-t'rame Nuclei, with
Queen at above price, 75 cts. per pound.
llAtf LUTHER W. GRA1% Orlando, FlA.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

ViiVt f'UlII Italian Queens in April and May.
rVFIl tASn One Untested, 80c. ; !4 doz.. $4.50;
per doz., $8.50; One Tested Queen, $2.00; per
■/2 doz.. $10.00; per doz., $18,00. Guarantee
safe arrival. D. E. ALDERMAN,
14Alt Clinton, Sampson Co., N. C.

Mention the American Bee Jounuil.

IM Annual Price-List ^f,daT' °^'i'^"'"

My Z^IIU Hllliuai nibC'LIOI and Holy-fand Bees,
Qiieen.s ami Nuclei Ccloniea (a specialty): also Sup-
plies—will be sent to all who send tbeirnames and
addresses. H. H. BROWN,

14B4t -nOM LiKht Street, Columbia Co. Pa.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

ARMSTRONG HIVES!

IHAV1-; bDught the stock and fixtures of
E. S Armstrong; will continue the same
business at the old stand; am too busy to issue
Circular; will quote prices; am auxious to
make friends; will supply Armstrong-'s cus-
tomers, and g-uarantee them the old-time
satisfaction. Refer to E. S. Armstrong, or to
any one who knows me.
14A4t G.M.'rKKKELL,Jer(!ieyville,in,

THE QUEEN-RESTRICTOR

Is a new, ."jO-page Illustrated IJook. Among-st
other thing's, it tells how to prevent swarming
by inversion of Queen Cells; howtouse Drone
Comb in the brood-chamber, and .the Queen
not lay eggs in it; how to maintain two laying
Queens and one virgin Queen in one brood-
chamber; how to confine the Queen to any
desired number of brood-combs and the worker
bees pass in common. Price, 25 cts., by post.
14Alt C. W. DAYTON, Bradford, Iowa.

Ikst oil Earth

Eleven Years witliout a Parallel

-AM» Tin;—

Standard in every Civilized
Country.

BINGHAM &, HETHERINGTON UNCAPPING KNIFE

€-3

Staudard* Size— Patented May 20, 1879.

BINGHAM'S PATENT SMOKERS.

SIX SIZES AND PRICES.

Doctor Smoker..... 'iV^ inch, post-paid $2 00

Conqueror" :j '* " 1 TTj

Large " ....2^ " " .... 1 50

Extra ** 2 " " ..1 'io

Plain " ....2 " " .... 1 00

Little Wonder Smoker. X% inch, " 65

Uncapping Knife l 15

Seat promptly on receipt of price. To sell
again, send for dozen or half-dozen rates.

Milledgeville, 111., March 8. 1890.
Sirs:— Smokers rfceived to-day, and count cor-
rectly. Am reiidy lor orders. If others feel as I do,
your trade will boom. Truly. F. A. Snell.

Vermillion. S. Dak.. Feb. 17. 1890.
Sirs:~l consider your Smokers the best made, for
every purpose. I have had 15 years' experience with
SOU to 400 colonies of bees, and know whereof I
speak. Very Truly. R. A. Muhgan.

Sarahaville, Ohio.. March 12. 1890.
Sirs.' —The Smoker I have has done good service
since 1883. Yours Truly, Daniei. Bkotheks.

^^ Send for descriptive Circular and testi-
monials to

BINGHAM & HETHERIirGTON.

i-lAtf Abronia, Mich.

DOOR- T ANGSTROTH
r MAN'S L=HIVE=

Before huyiUB' Hives, sead for ourPriee-List
on this Hive as described on page 186 of this
Journal. It is the best and cheapest Hive
made.

SMITH & SMITH,

14Atf Kenton, Hardin Co., Ohio.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

PRICES

REDUCED !

TheDIBBEKN(per-
fect) Bee - K>cape
is now ottered to all as follows: By mail, one
Escai>e iu small board, 35c. ; 6 for$l*.2.5; 12 for
*'2.40. Complete Board, 50c., by express; 6 for
$2.25; 12 forM.OO. State size of Super. It is
a perfect success. Every Escape made b^• us is
warranted. C. H. Dibbern & Son, Milan Ills
i4A-'t

SPECIAL NOTICE

APAKT of our goods was destroyed by lire
March 12th, necessitating- a short delay in
filling- orders. We have added more machinery
and by running day and night, expect soon to
ship with our usual promptness.

A. P. STATTFFER & CO.,
HAlt STERLING, ILL.

1890 ITALIAN PENS 1890

SIX young Queens, warranted purely-mated
for $5.00. English Rabbits, .*1.00 per pair.
Mammoth Bronze Turljey Eggs, 25c ; 9 for
$2.00. Write for Circular.
1-lEtf J. T. WILSON, Little Hickman, Ky.

BEE-ESCAPE h

I will send a MODEL of my
new Bee-Escape td any one
who may want to see it, for
10 cents. I am not prepared

to make full-si/.eil llnney-Boarfls
14Alt JOII.V S.KKESE, Winchester, Ky

Mention the American Bee Journal.

238

TH® mm.mmi^mm mmm joj^mmmi^.

D

ADANT'S ^

FOUNDATION

Is guaranteed by us, every iuch equal to sam-
ple in every respect. For sale by the foUowiug
and numerous other dealers:

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON, Chicago, Ills.
C K MUTH .S; SON. Cincinnati, O.
JAMES HEDDOX, Dowaciac, »lich.
CHAS. U. GKEKN, Waukesha, Wis.
CHAS. HKRIKI,. Jr.. Freeburg, Ills.
E. S. ARMS I'KOiS'G. Jerseyville, Ills.

B. KRETCEIMER. Red Oak, Iowa.

Dr. G. h. rlNKEK. Ni'w Philadelphia, O.

JOS. NYSEWAN DER. Des Moines. Iowa.

G. B. LEWIS ,.t CO.. Walerlown, Wis.

PAUL L. VIALLON. Bayou Goula, La.

J. MATTOO.N. Atwater, O. ,-, ,, „,

Goodell & W livorth M f g Co., RocMralls, Ills.

OLIVER FOSTER. Mt. Vernon. Iowa.

GEO. E. HILTiiN, Fremiinl. Mich.

J.M.CLARK Cum. Co.. l,-ii7 Blake St.. Denver. Col.

E. Ii. Goold 85 Co., Brantford, Ont., Canada

G. K. HUBBARD. Fort Wayne, Ind.

O. G. C iLLiER, Fairbury. Neb.

K. H. SCHMIDT & CO., New London, Wis.

J. STAUFFER & SONS, Nappanee, Ind.

E. R. NEWCOMB, Pleasant Valley, N. V.

Ij HANSSEN. Davenimrt. Iowa.

BERLIN FRUU' BO.\ CO.. Berlin Heights, O.

C. THEILVIANN. Theilmanton. Minn.
T. H, STRICKLER, Solomon City, Kans.

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as you may choose :

DOOLITTLE'S QUEEN-KEARING,

with Appendix— 170 Pages. Or

MILLER'S "YEAR AMONQ THE BEES,"

which contains lH Pages.

These editions are uot for sale, but are gotten up specially as Premiums for securing
New Subscribers. They are nicelj' printed, and bound in strong paper covers, and will
be sent fkee of postage, as pay for work to be done for us. Clubs need not be located at
one post-office, and may contain one " Bee Journal " and one " Home Journal " to the
same or different addresses ; or both may be for either Journal, as may be desired.

THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON, 246 East Madison St., Chicago, Els.

Langstroth on the Honey-Bee, Revised.

The hook for beg-iuners. The most complete
Text-Book on the subject in the English lan-
guage.

Bee-Veils of imported material. Smokers,
Sections, &c.

Circular, with advice to beginners, Samples,
&c., tree. Send your address on a postal to

CHAS. DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ills.
Mention the Ameiican Bee Journal.

BEESWAX WANTED.

Beeswax.— We will pay 35 cents per

pound, in Cash, for Tellow Beeswax, deliv-
ered here.

d^f" To avoid mistakes, tlie name of the
shipper should always be on each package.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street. CHICAGO. ILLP.

Bee -Hives, Sections, &c.

On and after Feb. 1. 1.S90, we will sell our
No 1 V-groove Sections in lots of 500 as fol-
lows: Less than 2,000 at $:3.30 per thousand;
2,000 to 5,000 at $13.00 per thousand. Write
for special prices on larger quantities. No. 2
Sections J2.00 per thousand. Send lor Price-
List lor other Supplies. Address,

J. STAUFFER A: SONS,
(Successors to B. J. Miller & Co.)

31Atf NAPPANEE, IND.

When Answering this AOVERTlSEMEr,

riON THIS JOURNAL,

Extra Thin Comb Foundation.

lu 25-Pouiid Boxes.

WE CAN now furnish the Van Densen
Extr.\-Thin Flat-Bottom FouND.iTioN
put up in 25-lb. Boxes, in sheets 16i4x28
inches, at $12.50 per box. 12 ft. to the Ih.
tS^ The above is a special offer, and is a
Bargain to all who can use that quantity.

All orders for any other quantity than
exactly 25 lbs. (or its multiple) will be filled
at the regular price— 60 cents per lb.'

THOS. G. NEWMAN Sc SON,

246 East Madison Street. - CHICAGO, ILLS

DAVENPORT.

LOL'IS HANSSEN, 21 :i &215 West Seciiud St..
Uavenport, lima, kep|)s a full stock of BEE-
KEEHEBS' SliPPl.lEX. G. B. Lewis &
Co.'s Sections, and Dadant's Foundation, at
manufacturers' prices. lOASt

Mention the American Bee Journal.

PUniPE DAMQV Dl AMTQ «nktji^beiTairca"rkT;v<srM

Sailllllir rl&llln^l llllllll •%■ P'^°t3 of 6»(^^ of t''e fullowmg 12 kinds of

VIIVIVLb I nilW ■ I fcni » I Wl choicest pansies: KiDg of the Blacks, almost
coal blfick. Snow Queen, flowers of a delicate pure satiny white. Emperor William, splendid ultramarine
blue, with pnrp:e violet eye. Bex, deep velvety purple. Azure Blue, very fine. Pure Yellow, large golden
flower:*. Kose Warhled, very beautiful. Delicate Porcelain Blue, white centre. Mahogany-colored, very
fine. StripL-d and Mottled, exceedingly beautilul. White Treasure, a perfect gem. Gold Margined, strik-
ingly lumdsome. If you want the handsomest Pansy bed you ever bad, send for this collection. Plants will
be ready May 1st and I will send to any post-office in the United States or Canada for $1J35, pnytpiiid. All
orders promptly acknowledged and notice given yoo when plants are mailed. Beautiful catalogue cf choice
vegetable and flower seeds and other plant and seed collections, &c., free. Send fop it. Address, F- B.
LLLLte, Seedsman and Florist, Thorn Hill, Onondaga Co., N. T.
2M4t— oc-tt

1

73

^iS-

Z-ll

By the use of my
Improved Spacer,
an ordinary Hanging
Frame Hive is ci>n-
verted into a Rever-
sible, or Movable
Hive. A Hive is
10 quickly and correctly
spaced, and the
frames are held in
their proper position
and will not be lift-
ed when removing
the cover if they are
fastened to it by brace-combs. A contracted hive is
made movable or invertible. In adopting this, it re-
quires no change in a hanging-frame hive. Price of
Brood-t'hamber and 8 Frames. $i..'in. one Hive and
one doz. extra Spacers. $4.uu. In ordering, state what
frames you use and give the width of your hive,
inside. J. B. WILCOX, Manistee, Mich.

12E4t

Mention the American Bee Journal.

I

i

-|

11

i 1!

1/

■J

,1

/*

' '+

/■

For Coffll) Foundation Mills,

WHITE TO

«'. C. PELiHAM, Maj-STllIe, Ky.

10E:it

Mention the American Bee Journal.

CAKMIULAJN bred the'cominsr sea-
son from Imported Mothers, will lie read.\-
to send out the Int of June. Scnil fur
FKEE Circular, to J(IHN ANDREWS, Fattens
Mills, Wash. Co., N. Y. luEtt

Mention the American Bee Journal.

SEE-KEEPEKS' S(JPP1.IES!

WE are prepared to furnish bee-keepers
with Supplies promptly, and at greatly
reduced rates. Estimates gladly furnished,
and correspondence solicited. Our goods are
unexcelled in quality and workmanship.

Italian C^ueens aud Bees at a very low
price. Send for large illustrated Priee-List.
free. Alley's Quf:E.N and Drone-Tr.^p .\nu
SwARM-HivER always on hand.

A. F. STAUFFEK & CO.,

40Etf STERLING, Whiteside Co., ILL.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Hf^ XriRAME, North Manchester, Ind.,
• V_X. X breeder ol Italian and Car-
niolan Queens. Bees by the pound and
Nucleus. Pricc-List free. Reference— First
National Bank. lOEtf

Keepers'

R SO-eent monthly that gives

the GPeam of apieultufal litepatuFe;

points out eppops and fallaeious

ideas; and gives, each month, the

vieuas of leading bee-keepet*s upon

Sonne speeial topic. Thpee samples

free. Send fof them, and leafn houu

to get the baek numbefs eheaply.

W. Z. HUTCHINSOrl, Flint, fiJieh^
lOEtf

Mention the American Bee Journal.

SOMETHING NEW,

Our 18;W 16-page Circular of Eee-Keepera' Supplies.
Send name on a P(.>stal Card. Address,
6Etf JNO. NEBEL & SON. High Hill, Mo.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

BEE

-SUPPLIES.

^Vholesale

and

Retail.

We furnish Everything needed
in the Apiary, of practical con-
struction, and at the lowest price. Satisfac-
tion guaranteed. Send for our 40-page illus-
trated Catalogue— free to all. Address,

E. Kretclinier, Red Oak, Iowa.

5A9t— 14E9t

TJT^TT^ Keepers' Supplie^, Hiyes,^Sections,

i:!Ai;t

Foundation, ..^-c. Send for Circulars.
F. C. ERKEL. Le Sueur, Minn.

mxn VllPt Italian Bees and Queens,
rVIl MLL i in small and large lots, at a
VERY i^(^w PRICE. Address, Otto Kleinow,
No. 150 Military Ave., Detroit, Mich. 12Att

SGild 75 CSntS Yea™among' the 'alee -
114 pages, cloth bound. Address.

DR. C. C. rniliLER,

20Atf MARENGO, ILLS,

Mention the American Bee Journal.

TMm mmLmmi€:'R.m mmm j&JSMnm.i^.

243

-■-■^■-^tm^mAmA^

^^^---^ PUBLISHKD BY_ tr

THOS. G . NEWMAN R» SON,

EDITOR.

Vol, mi April 12,1890. No. 15,

It^" Honey in Japan is gathered mostly
from buckwheat. It is of dark color, and
its use is generally for medicine.

Bees object to the smell of whey, says
Allen Pringle in the Canadian Bee Jour-
nal, on the clothing of those who handle
cheese. Quite often, when the bees are
said to be " cross," the cause may be some
objectionable odor.

Xlie <tiieen-Re>i>triotor is the name
of a new oO-page pamphlet by C. W. Day-
ton. It details a method of brood-nest
inversion, contraction, and exclusion, by
the use of brood-frames in combination
with queen-excluding metal.

Hoiiej'-iVIooii. it is said, is a term of
Teutonic origin, and derived from a luxuri-
ous drink prepared with honey by the
ancients. It was the custom to drink of
diluted honey for thirty days, or a moon's
age, after a wedding feast. It is good to
" keep sweet " for a month after marriage,
but it is better when that "sweetness"
extends throughout not only the months,
but the long years of wedded life.

|^~ An interesting article from the Rev.
W. F. Clarke, concerning his late tour, will
appear in next week's Bee JouuX-\l. In
our item, on page 211, the printer omitted
two letters, w-hich make considerable differ-
ence. He is the c.T-Presidentof the Ontario
Bee-Keepers' Association — not the present
incumbent of that honorable office. Mr.
Allen Pringle is the presiding officer for the
present year— and it wa^ a very wise
selection, too.

rHi*. Jacob 4>NwaIt, of Maximo, O.,
has sent us a cojiy of the Alliance (Ohio)
Lender, containing a full accimnt of the
re-uniou of the ex-pupils of Mr. Oswalt,
who, with their friends, gathered to the
number of 500, to show their respect for
one who had been a teacher in that com-
munity for twenty years. Judge Thoman,
of Chicago, being unable to attend the
assembling of old time friends, sent a splen-
did address, on "The Thumb Mark of Life,"
which was read, to the delight of all, on
account of its beautiful diction and lofty
sentiment. Mr. Oswalt responded in a
very happy manner, by giving a brief
sketch of his own life.

Both Mr. and Mrs. Oswalt, on behalf of
neighbors, friends, and their own children,
were presented with beautiful upholstered
rocking-chairs, two pairs of gold spectacles,
and a silver butter-knife and sugar-spoon ;
on behalf of his ex-pupils, an elegant gold
watch was given to Mr. O., who feelingly
responded for the many expressions of
esteem. Evidently one of the correspond-
ents of the Bee Jovkxal was well "rocked"
and "watched" for once in his life, if never
before or again. We are glad to hear of
one more "jolly old pedagogue."

Honey-Viii egar— Mr. S. L. Watkins,
of Grizzly Flats, Calif., gives this recipe for
making honey-vinegar, in the Paciflc Rural

Press :

In extracting, save all the scraps of comb
and cappings containing honey. You can
make the best kind of vinegar from these
honey drippings. Take 30 gallons of rain-
water, add 5 pounds of honey and 3 gallons
of cider vinegar. Use common alcohol
barrels, with an inch hole bored in the
upper end of each head near the staves, to
allow a free circulation of air. Nail some
wire gauze over the hole to keep out
insects. Keep in the sun, or in a very
warm room, and in a few months you will
have the best kind of vinegar.

Dr. D. C. Spencer, of Augusta, Wis.,
is again bereaved. His wife died on the
3rdult. This is a sad affliction. The Bee
Journal extends its condolence — together
with its numerous family of readers. The
Doctor's apicultural articles have been
many, and were very acceptable to us all.

Honey - Pi-o«li9Ction in Germany
yields a net income of 17,000,000 marks
(about §4,250,000), and it is so important
an industry in that country that the Ger-
man Government affords it the protection of
special laws in the interest of bee-keeping,
thus giving encouragement to those en-
gaged in the pursuit.

llaiKllin;; Uees. — This is the title of
a nice pamphlet containing 28 pages and a
cover, just issued by Chas. Dadant & Son.
It is a chapter from their book, Langstroth
Revised, and is an excellent thing for be-
ginners. Price, 8 cts. For sale at this office.

llee-Uec|>iiiQf as a ItiiHiiieHM. —

Concerning having some other occupation
to go with bee-keeping, Pres. R. L. Taylor
has given his opinion as follows:

We find life none too long to perfect one
occupation. It there is added to this regu-
lar money making occupation .some other
money-making business, there can never
be so great a success. I think I can make
more money by choosing some one business
and putting my whole soul and life into
it, but my nature rebels at such a coui-se.
There are some other things that I like to
do as well as bee-keeping, so I sacrificed my
love of money for the pleasure of having
more than one pursuit.

In the summer the bees require close
attention, and any pursuit to combine with
bee-keeping, must be one that will require
but little attention at that time. Hence,
this question comes back to me ; If bee-
keeping is so proHtabJe, why not keep more
bees? Or, if it is not profitable, why follow
it at all? If a man does his work in the
wintpr as he ought to, he can care for 300
colonies of bees.

Clial'f HiTe!«. — G.M.Doolittle remarks
as follows in the American Rural Home,
about the use of Chaff Hives :

Colonies in hives not protected by chaff
have scarcely gained at all in numbers;
in fact, some of them have dwindled some-
what. Other colonies in large hives
packed on all sides with chaff, have gained
rapidly; even the weak ones are gaining in
numbers with astonishing rapidity. The
cause of this difference seems to be that
during the day the heat from the sun pene-
trates the chaff hive, and is confined during
the cold night that follows. Add to this,
that the bees generate some warmth, and
at times to thrust the hand under the
quilt, seems like putting it into an oven.
This seems to be an item greatly in favor
of chaff hives. There is no denying the
fact that bees enjoy hea». Just observe
how they multiply during the warm
weather of June, July and August.

Anotlier Ilee-Escape.— Mr. W. W,
Moore, of Gillett, Iowa, has sent us a model
of a new bee-escape, which he has invented.
It consists of a tube with a treadle running
down to an open hole in the end. The
treadle being balanced to the weight of a
single bee, when the last bee escapes, the
fore end goes up and the hole is closed, so
that none can return. Mr. Moore describes
its formation thus :

It is entirely made of tin, and with as
little complication as possible. At the
pivotal point of the treadle, each side is cut
a fine coil to keep the treadle from the
sides. Also two cuts down each side — one
piece to turn down for the pivot, which are
to be twisted for the edge to turn up — the
other cut to turn down over the treadle to
keep it in place. Any one is at liberty to
make and use them.

This is what the North Dakota
Argus says of the Illustkated Home
Journal:

It seems hardly possible that a Magazine
of so much exceUence can be furnished for
SI. 00 a year. The literary and artistic
features of the current number are simply
superb, and wUl be sure to please all fortu-
nate enough to possess it.

244

tmm; mrnMMiC'mm mmw j@wki«siu.

GLEMl

Aclulteratiiiif Extraftert Honey

is so little iu practice now, that it would
seem to be useless to mention the matter.
The fact that it is unprofitable to do it
when the price of honey is so low, is pretty
good proof that it is done but very seldom.
We admit that there is some of it to be
found occasionally— as we mentioned on
page 3 11— but it does not interfere with
the sale of a pure article.

Mr. Geo. F. Robbins, of Mechanicsburg,
Ills., seems to have had some trouble on
that matter, and sent us the following last
January, for which we could find no room
until now :

While canvassing for orders for honey in
Springfield, Ills., last autumn, I held a con-
versation with Mr. John B , of the firm

of B & Bro., concerning adulterated

honey. Mr. B. was certain that extracted
honey was adulterated to some extent, and
he gave me some reasons that I could not
well answer. He cited a certain grocer of
very unsavory reputation in the city, who
had honey to sell all last winter, when
honest merchants could not get it. Mr. B.
wrote to a firm in Chicago, who replied that
they could get him no honey that they
could warrant to be pure. I obtained their
address (Corbin, May & Co.), and wrote to
them, the burden of the letter being as
follows :

I had heard that they had written to

B & Bro. ; stated that I was a producer

of pure honey, and I desired to know if
honey was adulterated and placed upon the
market, and asked them if they ever
handled spurious honey ; or if they could
cite me to any manufacturer of, or dealer
in, such honey. To this they returned the
following evasije reply :

Cnicuio, lUs., Oct. 21, 1890.
DeakSik:— In answer to your favor of
the 1st, we do very little in honey. For
such information as you desire, we would
refer you to B. & W., Fourth Avenue, Chi-
cago. They are large dealers.

Corbin, Mat & Co.

It occurs to me if they never handled
adulterated honey, they would have been
willing to say so. I neglected for nearly
two months to write to B. & W. ; I hesitated
to conceal the motive for writing, and I
about decided that any answer that I could
get would be equally as evasive, if that
motive was made known — at least in case
the parties handled spurious honey. But
in all my history before, I have not been so
worried with questionings as to the purity
of my honey. It seems to have become a
popular conviction that honey— especially
liquid honey— is pretty generally "tink-
ered," and merchants themselves largely
share in this opinion. I finally de-
cided to do what may be regarded as
questionable, and wrote to the above-
named firm, in substance as follows :

B & W Gents: — Do you deal in

adulterated honey? or can you cite me to
any manufacturers of the same?

Geo. F. Robbin's.

I received the following reply :

Chicago, Ills., Jan. 10, 1890.
Dear Sir :— In reply to your letter of the
9th we would say that we sell mixed
honey when there is a call for it, but
straight goods are so cheap now that there
is not much demand for anything cheaper.
We have straight goods as well as the

adulterated, so that our customers can
have their choice. If you are looking for
something of the kiud, we should be pleased
to have your orders. B & W .

It seems to me that that letter states the
matter pretty clearly. Mixed honey is
made and sold, but there is so little demand
for it, because the pure article is so cheap.
But dear! dear! how am I to convince
folks that they are not victims of attempts
at systematic fraud, and that I am not a
party to such transactions? When a man
talks about manufactured comb honey, I
can generally "cool him down " liy giving
him a " smell " of Root's offered reward;
but to do my best, I fear I cannot con-
vince them that liquid honey is not gener-
ally impure.

Geo. F. Robbixs.

The coldest day of winter will be Jan.
27. The brief spell of severe weather will
be succeeded by heavy thaws, and the
traditional January thaw will come in
February. That month will be a disagree-
able one, with heavy snows and rains. An
early and decided thaw is among the
promises of the bone. February will burst
into March with swollen mountain streams,
and disasters may be looked for. There
will be an early spring.

Xlie ^Veatlicr Propliets, and the

predictions of calamity are now making
quite a stir. A crank in California asserts
that several of the larger cities of the
United States will be swallowed up by
earthquakes on the 14th inst. Another
crank who claims to be " the Messiah,"
predicts that Rockford, Ills., where he
resides, is to be destroyed very shortly.

Mr. A. H. Noble, of Nashville, Tenn.,
writes us as follows on the subject, on April
3, 1890;

Dear Editor:— In reading your article,
"The Weather Prophets," of March 32,
prompts me to send you the enclosed,
which is as singularly accurate as yours
was wide of the mark.

The traditional goose-boue must still
claim some merit, and the man who inter-
preted it, to say the least, has done some
very good guessing. If it is worth publish-
ing, it may be of interest to the bee-
fraternity, who are always speculating on
the weather prospects. This was cut out of
one of our "dailies" four or five months
ago:

What a Bone Tells of The Coming
Winter. — A New Haven special to the St.
Louis Glohe-Deynocrat says : Henry Still-
man, of Woodstock, Windham's county
weather prophet, has made his annual
forecast of winter by a goose-bone. He
says the bone shows clearly that we will
have an open winter. The goose-bone is
accepted by many Windham county people
as a better authority than Wiggins or
Devol, or even old David A. DaboU, the
Connecticut almanac-maker. In many
farm-houses it will be found hanging in the
hall, where it is frequently examined.

The true prophetic bone, it is said, can
only be obtained from a goose that has a
trace of wild blood, and that was hatched
out in the spring. A bone taken from a
goose hatched in May, by Mr. Stillraan,
shows a row of dots around the keel of it,
indicating the probable temperature. The
darker the spots are,the colder the weather
is sure to be. It is asserted that the marks
dividing the bone indicate the three winter
months, December beginning at the front.

Mr. Stillman says he has read the bone
closely, and finds that it indicates more
regular weather than last year, and not so
severe as even the last mild winter. There
will not be many days during which run-
ning water will freeze. The coldest weather
will occur during the latter half of January,
and during that time there will be several
days of freezing. Near the point of the
bone is a marked discoloration, showing
that the first day of winter will give proof
of the season's change. Christmas will be
"green," but wet and cold. January's
entrance will be marked with warm days,
growing gradually colder.

Xlie Xfnie tor Spring' Work wiU

soon be here, and those who need a guide
for all the operations in the apiary, should
procure a copy of Dr. Miller's book entitled
"A Year Among the Bees." Its descrip-
tions commence with the necessary work in
the spring, and run through the entire
year, detailing the methods of doing, as
well as telling when to do, all that should
be done in the apiary. We have only a
limited number of copies left, and those
who want it should send for it at once. We
will hereafter mail it, bound in cloth, to
any address for 50 cts., until all are gone.

Cliapnian Honey-Plant Seed.—

This plant has been commended by some of
the most experienced bee keepers in
America, as being " a most valuable acqui-
sition to the list of bee-forage plants." The
seed may be scattered in waste places, or
it may be sown in driUs or hills like onion
seed. We can furnish the -seed, postpaid,
at the following prices ; Single ounce, 40
cents; 4 ounces, SI. 00; 10 ounces, $3.00;
or one pound for $3.00.

Frank ■..eslio's Illustrated News-
paper of April 3, contains thrilling and
graphic pictures of the great fioods in the
West and Southwest, made by a corps of
artists especially for the paper. The hor-
rors of the flood at Louisville and other
cities and towns along the Ohio and Miss-
issippi vaUeys are vividly portrayed; the
scenes of the disaster clearly presented,
and the frightful nature of the calamity is
evident at a single glance.

Convention Notioes.

t»- The next meeting of the Carolina Bee Keep-
er^ Association will be held in Charlotte, N. C, on
Thursday, July 17, 1890. N. P. Lyles, sec.

IW The spring meeting of the Northern Illinois
Bee-Keepers' Association, will meet at the residence
o|d. a. g'uller, ,n Cherry Valley IHs.. on May^Oth.

rw The next regular meeting of the Houthwes-
tern Wisconsin Bee-Keepers' Association will be

Sla"m^°''°'^'-^'^- °° '""nifJ^'i^^i-l-S^'
ry- The 12th annual session of the Texas State
Bee-Keepers' Association, will be held at Green-
?nfe jaunt CO., Texas, on May 7 XuvSTEn'slr
terested are invited. J. N. hcinter, sec.

Of-Thespringmeetlngof the Capital Bee-Keepers'
As^ciation will be beld in the Supervisor's Room
off he Court House at Springfield, Ills., at 10 a.m.,
S^May^Ji^a The following subjects will bedis-
oSssed- "Proiluction and Care of Comb Honey, by
l»s A Stone; "Prevention of After-Swarms." by A.
lewis"; and ••Creating a Home Market," by G F.

Attend"'- ^" "'"""' "" ""cTyoclTsec'"
SW- The spring meeting of the Missouri State Be^
Keepers' Association, will be held at Marsha 1 Saline
Co Mo , on Wednesday and Thursday, April 16 and
V? 18HO in the County Court Room. Reduced rates
at the hotel, for bee-keepers, have been secured, and
a committee is at work to secure rates on the rail-
roads A cordial invitation is extended to bee keep-
ers every where, and especially to those ot Missouri.
A number of essays from prominent bee-men are
expected, and an interesting ""J'^'"'^'^^!^^"'^;,

XMU MMEMICMIM ®®1& JO'UKNSLIL.

245

Xlie Urown Itees.

Written for Saint Nicholas

IIY MAHOAUET EVTIXOE.

Said litttle brown Bee to big brown Bee :
" Oh ! hurry here and see, and see,
The loveliest rose — the loveliest rose
That in the garden grows, grows, grows,
Hum-um um — hum-um-um,"
Said little brown Bee to big brown Bee.

Said little brown Bee to big brown Bee;
" Much honey must be here, and we
Should beg a portion while we may.
For soon more bees will come this way.
Hum-umum — humum-nm,"
Said little brown Bee to big brown Bee.

Said big brown Bee to little brown Bee :

" The rose is not for me, for me.

Though she is lovelier by far

Than many other flowers are.

Hum-umum — hum-um-um,"

Said big brown Bee to little brown Bee.

Said big brown Bee to little brown Bee :
" No honey-cup has she, has she,
But many cups, all brimming over.
Has yonder little purple clover.
And that's the flower for me, for me.
Hum-um-um — hum-um um,"
Said big brown Bee to little brown Bee.

Zinc Queen-Excluders — Proper
Width of Top-Bars.

Written Jbr the American Bee Jcm/mal

Query 700.— 1. Are the zinc queeu-ex
cluders used by the advanced bee-keepers ? 2.
When working: tor comb honey, how wide
should the top-bar of brood-frames be made
for the Langstroth frame ? — New York.

1. Yes, sometimes. 2. Seven-eighths of
an inch. — Mus. L. Harbison.

1. By some of them. 2. Seven-eighths of
an inch. — A. B. Mason.

1. Yes. 2. Seven-eighths of an inch, or
even one inch does no harm. — A. J. Cook.

1. By some, but not by all. 2. An inch,
or a little more. — M. Mahix.

1. Yes and no. Some do; some don't. 2.
One inch. — G. M. Doolittle.

1. Of course they are. I use them. 2.
About % of an inch. — Eugene Secor.

1. A great many use them. 2. The stan-
dard Langstroth frame is % of an inch
wide. How wide it should be, time will
tell.— H. D. Cutting.

1. Some use them, and some do not. 2.
The open top-bar, % of an inch wide ; closed
end top-bar, scant IJ^ inches wide. — J. P.
H. Brown.

1. Let them say. We do not use them,
and do not k^imv of any that use them
largely. 2. Seven-eighths to H^' inches, at
your choice.— Dadant & Son.

1. More or less by a gi'eat many, cer-
tainly. 2. Just now that is an unsettled
question. I do not think that I would have
them less than one inch. — C. C. Miller.

1. Yes, by many of them. 2. That is
now a much discussed matter. I prefer
them % of an inch.— R. L. Taylor.

1. Yes, sir; and more will use them
when their advantages become better
known. 2. Top-bars of frames should be
1 inch by %, if you wish to keep them rea-
sonably free of brace-combs.- C. H. DiB-

BERN.

1 . To some extent, where comb honey is
the object. 2. I use top-bars % of an inch
wide, and % of an inch thick. — J. M. Ham-

ISAUGII.

1. Yes. 3. I like them an inch wide.
Usually they are made % of an inch wide,
for the reason that they are then conven-
iently rijjped off of lumber of that thick-
ness.—J. M. Shuck.

1. If they are not, they ought to. I
believe, however, that the most successful
ones do ; but I also think that they are not
using queen-excluders where they are not
necessary. 2. Not le.ss than one inch wide.
Probably one inch and 1-16 wide lor l-'-^
spacing, will prove the most satisfactory. —
G. L. Tinker.

1. Yes, by all of them. 2. This is a
mooted question, but my experience of
over twenty years, teaches me that % of an
inch is just right, that being the exact
thickness of the brood-comb when brood is
sealed up in both sides. By close working,
viz : bee-space apart, the best results will
be given.— J. E. Pond.

1. Yes, sir; the most advanced and suc-
cessful bee-keepers use them, and advocate
their use, and no kind of a device will ever
be invented to take their place for keeping
brace-combs away from the surplus recep-
tacles, and keeping the queen below. Put
me on record for that. 2. Never more than
>;,,' of an inch. — James Heddon.

1 . I cannot saj' who all use the queen-
excluders. They are very useful when
hiving swarms, to keep the queen from
going into the surplus department before
she has established her brood-nest; and
they are very profitably used when taking
honey with the extractor. Any device
that will hinder the queen from leaving the
brood-nest to fill the surplus combs with
brood, must be considered useful. When
producing comb honey in sections, I do not
use the excluders. My queens never bother
the sections. 2. I use a X-inch top-bar. A
little wider will not hurt, but I see no rea-
son for a change.— G. W. Demaree.

1. Yes. Quite a number of them use
queen excluders, and also advocate their
use, but there are some good, practical api-
arists who do not favor their use. 2. The
question concerning the width of top-bars
of frames is now being discussed quite
largely. Perhaps the result may be a
decision of the question. The usual width
has been from % to 1 inch. — The Editor.

The Right Width for Entrances
to Sections.

Written for the American Bee Journal

Query 701.— What is the right width for
entrances to sections, with tin separators 3H
inches wideV A l?.i-inch section, with en-
trance cut }i of an inch, makes comb of only
?4 of a pound capacity.— Missouri.

Three-eighths of an inch. — A. J. Cook.
I do not comprehend the question. — M.
Mahin,

We do not use separators. — Mrs. L. Har-
rison.

Five-sixteenths, I believe, is the adopted
width.— J. M. Hamisaugh.

Five-sixteenths is what I use with sec-
tions 2 inches wide. — G. M. Doolittle.

Five-sixteenths or 'V of an inch. I doubt
if the entrance makes the difference in
weight. — C. C. Miller.

A i^-inch cut in the section will be suffi-
cient when tin separators are used. — J.P.H.
Brown.

If the sections are cut out V of an inch
each, it will give a J4-inch entrance, and is
about right with such a separator. You

certainly do udl succeed in getting them
very well filled, or they would weigh 1-t
ounces on an average, as mine do.— C. H.

DlBBERX.

One fourth of an inch is a good width for
that size separator. If you want your sec-
tions to weigh one pound, you will have to
use IX or 1 15 16.— H. D. Cuttixg.

We do not believe that the entrance has
anything to do with the weight of the
section. We want entrances wide and
long. If l=;.j is too light, use 1% or 2 inches.
We prefer IX— Dadant & Son.

A 1% section with ?io entrances, used
with a wood separator of the proper style,
makes as fine a section of honey as one
could wish to see, and it weighs near
enough a pound.— Eugene Secor.

One-fourth of an inch. But a separator
as wide as the section is high, gives the best
results, in which case the top and bottom
bars of the sections should be i.< inch less in
width than the sides. — G. L. Tinker.

The entrance should be >*«' of an inch, i.e.,
the top and bottom of the sections should
be 'V of an inch narrower than the sides,
and such sections would, if well filled, aver-
age nearly a pound.— R. L. Taylor.

I use sections 1 *i inches wide, and with-
out separators. The sections will average
14 ounces. There is no such a thing as a
pound section. Your tin separators are }^
of an inch too wide. I prefer to have them
3?8 vfide. When the sections are in place
in the section case, the openings should be
full •*4 of an inch. If your combs are not
as thick as they ought to be, say IV thick,
your sections are badly adjusted. — G. W.
Demaree.

One-fourth to 'Y of an inch. We cannot
help it about the weight of the sections.
Those who use Langstroth frames (and
nearly everybody does) cannot use sections
a trifle larger, and get along with any com-
fort. Charge all the faults, and credit all
the virtues, of the 4;4'x4i4' section, to
the "Wizard of Medina."— J. M. Shuck.

The matter of getting exact weight into
a section is one of great difficulty. I think
that '4 inch is about the correct width. The
tin separator will add a little to that width.
Any narrower entrance will not be taken
to kindly, and any wider will cau.se trouble
in other directions. The question is not of
so much importance as it would seem to be
at first sight, as sections of comb honey are
seldom sold by weight, but by the section.
Particular attention should be paid to the
appearance of the package, as a nice, tasty
section of light weight will outsell a heavier
one that is not as neat. The eye as well as
the stomach must be pleased in all such
matters.— J. E. Pond.

Tin separators do not change the width
of the entrance in among the sections. Its
bottom edge is up a bee-space above the
section. The proper space should be ^j of
an inch. It used to be y of an inch. I
believe I was the first to object and propose
a space of '^i;, of an inch, which is now uni-
versally used. Our seven-to-the-foot sec-
tions, when used with separators, give a
comb of more than ^{ of a pound capacity.
Fourteen of them usually weigh 12 pounds.
We prefer to have our sections underweigh
a pound, and to have the pound the maxi-
mum and not the minimum or average;
but either with or without separators there
always will be a variation in weight. —
James Heddon

Three-eighths of an inch is right for
entrances to the section, but that has noth-
ing to do with the weight of the honey in
the section. If you want a full pound of
honey in the 4'.|'x4'4 section, you must
have it one and fifteen-sixteenths inches in
width ; but even then there will be a varia-
tion in the weight of the honey. — The Edi-
tor.

246

TTHB mrnrnmi^mm mmm j@wKKMir.

CORRESfOMDEECE.

PRIZE ESSAY.

Extracted Honey — Its Prodtic-
lioii, Care and Sale.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY DR. H. BESSE.

One of the important things to Icnow
is where to locate the hives. Begin-
ners who are just starting in apicul-
ture, are apt to conclude that because
bees can sting, they should be put iu
some secluded and out-of-the-waj'
place. This, in my opinion, is a verj'
wrong practice.

Bees that rarely see the beo-keeper
or his familj-, or any other human
beings, become vindictive, savage and
troublesome, when, on the contrary,
if thej- see people passing and re-pass-
ing frequentl}' every day, and thus
have the advantage of human society,
they become amiable and docile. This
is the condition of things that should
exist in all apiaries, and especially
those run for extracted honey.

For convenience, the hives should be
located near the extracting room ;
also, if possible, near the walk to the
barn, garden or spring-house, where
women and children are almost always
in sight. The entrances of the hives
should face toward the places most
frequented by human beings.

Extracted honej' is, as j-et, with
many persons, a new article, with
which they have not become familiar.
The}' have never tasted its delicious
flavor, or seen its beautiful amber
color. Extracted honey is hone}' in
its perfectly pure state, as found iu the
multiplied millions of flowers, and
gathered and ripened by the millions
of industrious and happy little honey-
bees.

GETTING EXTRACTED HONEY.

To secure this God-given, healthful
and luscious food, after the hives and
supers have become heavy with stores,
we proceed as follows : Direct a puft"
or two of smoke from the smoker into
the entrance of the hive, then remove
the cover from the super, also remove
the cloth that covers the frames of
comb ; then direct a stream of smoke
down among the bees and between the
combs. Under this treatment, the
bees become alarmed, and (piickly re-
treat belovv where a portion of them
may remain on the bottom of the
frames. These frames are to be lifted
out, one by one, and the bees that I'c-
main on them are to be removed by
giving each frame a quick jerk down-
ward, and thus dislodge the most of

the bees ; then, if a few still remain,
take a yucca bee-brush or a turkey's
wing-feather, and with a quick and
light motion, brush the remaining bees
oft' into the hive, where you have
driven the tirst and shaken the others.
As you remove the bees from the
combs, place the combs into the carrier,
and, when tilled, it should be carried
or wheeled into the extracting room.
Such combs should be about filled with
honey, and at least two-thirds capped.

I now proceed to extract as follows :
Lift out a frame of comb, and stand it
upon the frame over the extracting
tub or can, by taking hold of one
lower corner with the left hand, and
place the upper corner of the opposite
end of the frame downward, resting
upon, or in, a cavity on the center of
the frame over the extracting can.
This throws the upper edge of the
frame or comb downwai'd, and lean-
ing toward the left shoulder of the
opei'ator at an angle of about 45--

If the operator be left-handed, he
will hold the frame with his right
hand, and use the uncapping-knife
with the left. I have used several un-
capping-knives. but I prefer the Bing-
ham & Hetherington for uncapping
only. When I am at work at uncap-
ping, I have a one-gallon tin-bucket,
lined with a wooden basket, that will
lit snugly into it, and kept full of hot
water standing over a lamp ; iu this
I keep one knife all of the time, using
two, and changing frequently. The
basket keeps the knives from getting
dull.

THE E.KTRACTOK AND 1ST USE.

The honey extractor is now made by
many diftei'ent men, and likewise in as
many dift'erent styles, yet the principle
is the same iu all, namely, centrifugal
force. The extractor most common in
use is a tin can made fast to a table or
bench, provided with a revolving
frame-work inside, with wire-cloth
supports for the uncapped combs to
rest against, and into which the combs
are placed. These combs should stand
on end, leaning slightly further apart
at the upper than at the lower ends.
This prevents the honey from flying
over the top of the can.

Combs should also be so placed in
the extractors, or the extractor so oper-
ated, that the bottom edge of the comb,
as it stood in the hive, whirls in ad-
vance, as the honey clears the cells
more directly and readily in an out-
ward, backward and downward direc-
tion. Now if the cells were built
horizontally in the combs, it would
make no difierence which edge of the
comb was in front.

Wlien the outside of the combs are
extracted, reverse or turn them
around, and then turn the extractor in

an opposite direction. The centrifugal
force that throws the honey from the
cells, and through the wire-cloth sup-
ports, and which runs down the inside
of the extractor to the bottom of the
can, and is drawn oft" through a gate
or faucet, is now ready for straining
and canning.

The operation of extracting does not
injure the combs, therefore they can
be replaced on the hive, and re-fllled
several times during the season. I
have combs that I have extracted
from ever since extractors first came
in" use, and they are as good now as at
first, if not better.

Honey should be perfectly ripe be-
fore canning, and, in fact, I prefer to
have it ripe before extracting, but if it
should not be entirely ripe, it can be
matured by evaporation, by exposing it
in an open vessel (covered with thin
cloth) to a warm and dry atmosphere.

I always aim to keep the different
kinds of extracted honey separate, es-
pecially that extracted in summer and
fall, as it needs grading as much as
does comb honey.

HONEY FROM CAPPINGS.

To get the honey from the eappings,
I leave them in the uncapping-can
over night. This can is provided with
a fine wire-cloth strainer near the bot-
tom, through which the most of the
honey passes by morning, and from
whence it can be drawn through a
gate, and put with the extracted
honey. The eappings are lifted out
with the strainer, and turned into the
solar wax-extractor, where it will melt
through the day, if pleasant, and the
next morning I find a beautiful cake
of beeswax, and beneath it, in the
same place, all of the honey that had
been left in the eappings the day be-
fore. This I find nice, thick, of extra
quality, and this is the wax and honey
to save and show at the fairs — if you
do not want some other fellow to get
ahead of you.

KEEPING HONEY SEPARATE.

If in the spring, during fruit-bloom,
I find it necessary to extract honey,
and I find it an inferior article, on ac-
count of unpleasant taste, color, etc., I
aim to have all such extracted before
the commencement of the clover sea-
son, and kept for feeding in time of
scarcity ; the same rule will apply to
late fall honey that is Inferior in taste
and appearance. Such honey, if ripe,
is just as good for winter stores for the
bees, as any, and should be kept for
that purpose. If not perfectly ripe at
the end of the season, it should be ex-
tracted and evaporated until it is of
the consistency of good, ripe honey ;
or it can be brought to the boiling
point, skimmed, and sugar added while

Tmm mjmMMiGKU mmm joism^nmL,.

247

granulated, until it is as thick as the.
best honey when it is cnoled. It slioulil
then be fed at a temperature of SO-'
to 90^.

PUIUTY OF EXTRACTED HONEY.

Extracted honey has all of the good
qualities, if not the superior, of comb
honey, and when our customers once
become acquainted vvith it, and know
what it is, and that it is not strained
honey, the demand for it will grad-
ually increase to the advantage of all
concerned.

Extracted honey is honey in its
purest form, removed from the combs,
and is free from all impurities. It is
verv ditlerent from the old-fashioned
"Strained honey " which was pressed
out of the combs, and which contained,
to a more or less degree, pollen, brood
in all stages,- dead bees. Hies, etc., all
of which was mixed with the honey.
Now, things have changed under our
advanced strides in apiculture, and I
am glad that this class of goods is fast
becoming extinct in our markets.

MARKETING EXTRACTED HONEY.

Extracted honey sells best put up in
glass jars — the one-quart fruit jars,
holding three pounds each, are very
good, and when they are empty, they
are very useful in the family. Should
the market demand smaller packages,
jars that will hold one and two pounds
each should be furnished, filled, and
neatly labeled with the producer's
name plainly printed upon them, and
put in neat retailing crates of one or
two aozen each.

GRANULATION OF EXTRACTED HONEY.

We should always instruct our cus-
tomers that pure extracted honej' is
very apt to granulate in winter, if ex-
posed to a low temperature, and that
granulation is a sure sign of purity,
and that if adulterated, especially with
glucose, it will not granulate. We
should also inform buyers that granu-
lated honey can again be brought to
the fluid state by placing the jar or
vessel that contains it, in hot water,
and letting it remain until the honey
is melted, but not long enough to come
to the boiling-point.

HOME MARKET FOR HONEY.

All honey-producers should strive to
build up a home market for their
honey, then, with proper and con-
tinued effort in this direction, ex-
tracted honey will largely supersede
the best grades of syrups and maple
molasses. We need not stop to argue
the value of honey as food, although
we could say much in regard to the
various uses to which it is put, as in
culinary purposes as well as in medici-
nal preparations, and in preparing
healthful and cooling drinks, etc.

We should explain to our customers
why we can alibrd to furnish extracted
honey cheaper than comb honey, and,
if convenient, let them see us extract
and put up the honey in a few jars, so
that they could see for themselves how
it is done. This would be a good
thing to do at our fairs, where we
could dispose of our extracted honey
as fast as we could put it up, while the
crowd would be looking on, filled with
wonder and astonishment ; and those
buying would know that they were
getting a genuine article.

I am satisfied that there is not one
person in ten thousand who ever saw
honey extracted, and not more than
one in five hundred that has ever
tasted it, therefore the industry of pro-
ducing extracted honey is but in its
infancy, with large and prosperous
developments ahead.

Delaware, Ohio.

CARNIOLANS.

Tlieir Ctiarsielcrislics Compared
with Other Races.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY E. L. PRATT.

The Caruiolan bees have been at-
tacked by a few persons who say that
they are cross, and hard to handle.
One or two have said that they were
not as recommended as to honey-
gathering. Now, I would ask, have
these men been experimenting with
pure Carniolans ? I do not beleve that
they have. The reijutation of Carnio-
lan bees will depend a great deal upon
their purity. I, for one, would not
recommend these bees, if I were not
convinced that they were very desir-
able, good workers, gentle, and second
to none in mauj' of the noted charac-
teristics.

As a test of their gentility, I have
often taken unbelievers into my yard,
opened a hive, and taken out the
combs without the use of a single puft"
of smoke. Very often I would take a
comb by one corner, and swing it
about my head at such a speed that the
thin honey would sprinkle out. Not
one bee would leave the comb, nor
would they be thrown off by the mo-
tion, but " cling like Death."

We all know that soon after a honey
harvest closes, there is a desire to rob,
and bees cannot be handled so well on
this account. But the Carniolans will
remain inside of their respective hives,
unless sweets are exposed, or hives left
open for any length of time. We must
bear in mind that they are an eager
race, and always on the alert for some-
thing sweet ; therefore the apiarist
should not attempt to handle them

directly afirr a honey-llow, for fear of
teaching them a bad habit.

They are not given to robbing each
other, but tlicy will approjjriate e.x-
posed or poorly protect(!d sweets dur-
ing a dearth of nectar, the same as
any race of bees.

in a yard of all Carniolans, there is
very little robbing, even at times
when such a condition is most favor-
able. In a hand-to-hand tight, Carnio-
lans W5. Italians, however, the Carnio-
lans comes oft' best every time, show-
ing their extraordinary powers of
protection.

On occasion of robbers attempting
to enter a well-regulated Carniolan
colony, their Yankee expedition is ex-
hibited. Italians and blacks will spend
time in pulling and hauling at a rob-
ber bee, and at last let her go to con-
tinue her ignoble work, but the Car-
niolans will pounce on such intruder
and despatcli it at once, without the
least ceremony.

The only fair way to test this race is
to first make sure that you have them
pure, and then go at it in a manly and
unprejudiced manner. Give them
their just dues, without the biased
opinion of breeders of other races to
discourage you. Fair play is all that
is asked.

Marlboro, Mass.

BEE-KEEPING.

Some Improvements to be 9Iade
ill Apiculture.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY FRANCIS D. LACY.

I feel much interested in the honey-
resources of our country. The various
improvements that have been devised
to facilitate the bee-culture, will occa-
sion soviie, no doubt, to conclude that
the acme of perfection is reached, and
not a stone has been left unturned in
the way of improvement ; but doubt-
less this is not yet the case, and
twenty years of the future will prove
that the bee-culture of to-day is com-
paratively in its infancy, and even the
revolutionizing of a greater portion of
the present method of operation is
liable to take place within that time.

Consider what twenty years of the
past has done, and then contemplate
how that to-day many who are oldest
in the business, disagree relative to
some of the most minor points. How,
and wh}', does this occur ? Does it
not indicate that many of the sub-
stantial facts have not been practically
reached, else why do "doctors dis-
agree ?"

Again, there is scarcely a common
point in question, but what neai'ly

248

THE MBffl®RIC3SM MMW JQXTMPIMlr.

ever}' one has bis arbitrary opinion
upon, jet failures are made in a thou-
sand ways — and vvliat is the matter ?
Thousands of dollars have been ex-
pended by experimenting and working
from speculation and theory, which
never have been rewarded with anj*
successful results, while occasionallj' a
happy thought striking parallel with
the natural habits of the bee, with a
device of nominal cost, has been
adopted because of its being a success.
To-day, the discussion is centered
strongly upon the annoyance of the
" brace-combs,"' and how to remedy it
by modification of the top-bars of
the brood-frames. Many believe alike
upon a certain point, j'et some others
have tested the same, and met with
failure. It seems evident to me, that
as long as it is the habit of bees to pro-
duce those brace-combs under certain
circumstances, thej- can never be suc-
cessfully avoided while the opportunity
is still offered by the peculiar mech-
anism of the hive. It is impossible
for anj- device to be favored with the
desired results, that does not meet the
natui'al requisitions of the bees, for
you are not going to culture them
against their habits, any more than
you will be able to teach the pig to an-
swer questions, and play cards upon
any other conditions than in con-
formity with its gluttony.

The bee, however, is no doubt one
of the most peculiar of all insects, in
apparentlj' deviating from its natural
course of action ; but this is merelj-
apparent, for doubtless it is as true to
its nature as any creature that God
ever ushered into life. Probably, the
occasion for so very many being led
astray in relation to the working of
this insect, is from the fact that the
slightest ditl'erence in the construction
of appliances used for its facility in
operating, may occasion widely differ-
ent results leading in the direction of
either success or failure.

I am doubtful if the brace-comb dif-
ficulty will ever be successfully dis-
pensed with, unless some digression is
made from the line in which discussion
is being had. Now, I feel confident
that I have solved the enigma, but I
desire to further test my theory by
actual demonstration. If I have hot
made a mistake as to what bees will
do, I shall be happy to offer by the
middle of the summer a valuable gift
to the bee-fraternity. But this is only
adjunctive of what may yet be done to
improve and facilitate the work.

A method of wintering bees without
loss in this latitude, is yet to be de-
vised. Now this is a problem that is
yet to be solved, and one which the
future must at a late day, usher to the
light ; for the wants of man in the past
have in the line of progress forever

been supplied, and when the wise head
shall ask properlj' this favor in behalf
of humanity, time shall soon bring
forth the happy results. But in this,
whoever hopes to have the honor of
first discover}', must study carefully
the habits of the bee.

HONEY-HOUSE.

Directions About Building
for an Apiary.

One

Written for the Farm,Fleld and Stockman

BY S. E. MILLER.

A honey-house located in or near
the apiai'y will be found very handy
for the following purposes : Extract-
ing, removing comb honey from the
supers, and in fact for doing all the
work pertaining to the apiary, as well
as for a store-house for honey, the im-
plements used in the apiar}% empty
hives, and supers not in use.

The size of the house should depend
somewhat upon the size of the apiary,
and might vary from a lO.xlU building
to one four or five times as large. I
think that any one having only a small
apiary of eight or ten colonies will find
it very convenient to have a suitable
house. One of our veteran bee-keep-
ers recommends having the house at
one side of the apiary, so that the en-
tire apiary can be taken in by a view
from a single door or window. Al-
though I have had no experience in
this line (having only lately built a
house, and not yet put it into practical
use), I shoulil much prefer to have the
house in the center of the apiary, thus
saving many steps while working- at
extracting, etc.

The object in this age is to accom-
plish the most work with the least ex-
penditure of strength, and produce our
pi-oducts at the smallest cost, so as to
be able to cope with our competitors.
The producer of honey finds himself
no exception to the general rule ;
therefore he should consider well his
plans and try to find the "shortest
cut" to all things pertaining to his in-
dustry, and should see that everything
is so arranged in the house tliat he
may not be compelled to take any un-
necessary steps.

Perhaps I can best explain my ideal
honey-house by giving a description of
the one just built by us (Miller Bros.).
Our apiary contains about 75 colonies,
is designed to accommodate 100 ar-
ranged hexagonally, the rows being
seven feet apart, and the hives seven
feet apart in the sows. The center of
the house is the center of the apiary.
Thus it will be seen that it is about 15
steps from the outside, or most dis-
tant, hive to the center of the house.

The house is 24x15 feet outside, one
story high, having a rubber roof with
a pitch of two inches to the foot. There
are two windows and one door on the
south, one window on the east, one
door and one window on the north,
and one door on the west, thus ad-
mitting of either seeing or vvalking out
on all sides.

When completed, there will be two
rooms, the smaller (west) room to be
half the size of the larger, to be used
as a store-room for honej-. This has
a window in the south side, and a door
in the west, and is so arranged that
comb honey stored therein can be
fumigated with sulphur in case the
moth-worms should get in it.

The larger room will be the extract-
ing-room, containing the extractor,
uncappiiig-can, a table for general use,
scales, empty hives, supers, empty and
surplus honey-combs in winter, and
all implements belonging to the apiary.
The windows will be covered by
wire-cloth or screens, so arranged that
bees which may chance to get into the
house may escape, but those outside
cannot get in. This can be done by
nailing two cleats about half an inch
thick on the window-facing, and fast-
ening the screen to this, allowing it to
run about four inches above the upper
panes, fastening at the sides and bot-
tom, but not at the top. Bees that get
in will go to the window, crawl to the
top of the screen and escape, while
those outside are not at all likely to
find the entrance. We might also
have screen-doors, but do not consider
them necessary.

The best thing 1 can suggest to those
not wishing to build a house, is a tent.
This can be put up to do the extracting
in, and taken dov/n and put in shelter
when not in use : l>ut I can say from
experience, that this is very trouble-
some and inconvenient.
Bluffton, Mo.

MARKETING.

Good Siig^gcstions About Selling
Extracted Honey.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY WM. H. GRAVES.

For some time I have been strongly
prompted to write an article, ventilat-
ing some of the erroneous impressions
of the present day in regard to our
pursuit. A few weeks ago I returned
from a trip to some neighboring
towns for the purpose of disposing of
some extracted honey. My experience
during that time will form the basis
for this article, as it only confirmed
what had been previously decided by
me to be a settled fact.

THE mmmmicKM beej joprniril.

249

One tiling, wu make a mistake wlien
we handle anything but liquid honey
when selling extracted. It is posi-
tively neoe.ssaiy to have it thoroughly
ripened. Still another, for retailing
say from one to five pounds, a glass
paekage is far preferable to anything
else, and that to be something that
can l)e utilized after the honey is all
eaten. For this purpose I have never
found anything better than one-quart,
self-sealing fruit-jars, whieh will hold
three pounils of well-ripened hone\'.
With a neat label on, it forms a very
convenient and attractive paekage, but
I have complaint from eustomei's, say-
ing that they were investing as much
money in glass as honey. The small
packages sell better in large cities.

There is certainly a great amount of
" missionary work " to be (k>ne to edu-
cate tl'e people concerning extracted
honej'. Some persons I Hnd to be
willfully and maliciously inclined to
the opinion that it is adulterated.
After exhausting all the arguments
sufficient to convince anj' reasonable
person ("There are none so blind as
those that wo?it see"), they seem to
prefer believing some sensational
newspaper article, rather than the
word of a bee-keeper who has had ex-
perience in handling and selling noth-
ing but the pure article, well knowing
that it is to his interest to put nothing
but the very best on the market. Our
reputation in this day of competition
is worth nuich more than could pos-
sibly be obtained by the sale of a few
hundred pounds of adulterated honey !
Some people persist in calling it
"Strained honey," when, at the same
time, if they had troubled themselves
to thitik one moment, they would know
better. One groceryman whom I visit-
ed with a sample can, when asked if
he wished to buy any extracted honey
like the sample (which, by the way,
was as nice as I got last summer, ex-
tracted in June), he replied : "No!
I don't want any .strained honey !" I
told him the difllerence between the
two ; his next subterfuge was that bee-
keepers " never extracted any honey
that they could sell in the comb !" His
insinuations were cut short by my re-
ply, which was not at all complimen-
tary to his judgment on honey-produc-
tion. However, I never allow any one
to make me lose control of my temper,
although I meet with some who are
certainly very exasperating, of which
the above is a fair sample.

Another, a near neighbor who came
after honey, approached me in a kind
of a confldential manner, and wanted
me to tell him what I put into my ex-
tracted honey. As there was no one
present, I suppose he thought that he
was going to be let into a great secret.
Of course I told him nothing. "Then,"

said he, " why do you call it extrncteiiT'
I informed him that it received tiiat
name from the operation re([uired to
get it out of the comb, and not from
anything put into or about it.

Others, on seeing a paekage of
granidated honej-, will innoeentl}' ask,
" What did yon ])ut into that honey to
make it become solid .''"

Again, I have been told b3' some
"knowing ones" that they thought
that the " bee-business " was calculated
for some one not anxiously inclined to

work. What fal

acy ]

Mau3' a time

have I been more tired at night after
a day's work in the apiary, than I have
been when binding grain in the har-
vest field. I could continue giving
similar bits of experience, but I think
that the above are sufficient, as it onlj-
corresponds with that of the fraternity.

I will ofl'er some suggestions as a
remedy : It would be a good plan for
bee-keepers to attend our count}- and
district fairs, take their extractors and
some honey in the comb, extract it in
the presence of all who wish to see, as
there is not " one person in a thou-
sand " in this vicinity that has ever
seen a pound of honey extracted, and
I suppose this locality is not an ex-
ception.

Another great help, I am quite cer-
tain, would be a liberal distribution
of the " Honey Almanacs." If we can
do something to popularize the con-
sumption of extracted honey, it will
repay us for making an extraordinar}'
effort.

Perhaps all be(!-keepers are not as
partial to the product as I am, but as
proof of my preference, I will say that
on our table, " at a rough estimate," I
do not think that we eat 10 pounds of
comb honey in a year ; while I think
that we "getaway" with about 300
pounds of extracted honey.

It is certainly a mistake to neglect
to keep our home market supplied, in-
stead of shipping (jur product to the
large distributing points, to accumu-
late and perhaps bre;jk prices.

Duncan, Ills.

WINTERING.

Properly Preparing
the Winter.

Bees for

Written Sor. the American Dec Journal
BY WM. ELLIOTT.

Mr. A. D. Ellingwood, on page 220,
says that last fall he put 80 colonies
of bees into his bee-hou.se cellar, and
that 40 of them were blacks, and the
remainder Italians and hybrids ; that
the blacks were in the best condition
to winter, and that the Italians and

hybrids had as good a chance to pre-
pare for winter as the blacks. He
wants to know wliat aided the bees. I
believe that I can enlighten him some
by my own experience. I have learned
that in the fall management of bees,
it is very nec(;.ssary to look after those
colonies that have done the best, or
produced the most surplus lioiiey. I
find that they are almost always short
of stores for winter. The reason for
this is that they have the most prolilie
queens, and they have kept the brood-
combs widl-lilleii with eggs and hatch-
ing brood, as every good queen ought
to do.

It is vr}' plain to see what is the
matter with the bees, as the industri-
ous hybrids and Italians were keeping
the brood-combs clear of Ijoney ami
storing in the sections, so that they
could rear great numbers of workers
to gather the harvest.

The blacks were storing in the
brood-combs, all that they possibly
could, only leaving a few small patches
in the center combs for the not very
prolitic queen to lay in. and barel}-
keep up the nominal strength of the
colony. Thus it is very plain that the .
black bees would be in the best condi-
tion for winter, as they had stored the
best of the honey in the brood-nest, or
all they could of it.

It is also easy to see why the Italians
and hybrids were not in such good
condition for winter — their brood-
combs were full of eggs, brood and
feed for the same, well up to the last
of the hone}' harvest. Of course, at
the close of the harvest, Mr. E. came
along and removed all their stores that
was over the brood -chamber. It was
at the close of the harvest, and there
was not verj' much honey for them to
gather ; if there was anj-, most likely
it was of a very poor quality — perhaps
some honey-dew, or the juice from
decaj ing fruit, or some stuff that they
gathered at a cider-mill. Of course
they could n(jt help it, for there was
no show for them to live through the
winter on such unwholesome food,
whereas, if Mr. E. had taken some of
those empty combs out, and replaced
them with combs of purer honey or
sugar syrup, they would have wintered
all right.

When I was overhauling my bees
last fall, to prepare them for winter,
I found the colonies that did the best
(and they were pure Italians) were
ver^- scant of stores — so much so that
they would not live half through the
winter. I gave them frames of sealed
honey, and fed them syrup made of
the best granulated sugar ; they are
wintering well. If I had not fed them,
I would have " killed the goose that
laid the golden egg."

Plainview, Minn.

250

Tmm fEMEKicMif MMW jQmmnm%,.

RIPENING HONEY.

Tlie Importance of Having
Honey Well Ripened.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY C. THEILMANN.

Ripening extracted lioney is a part
of the Querj' 691, on page 165. It is
quite surprising tliat none of the
twenty responses give the true light,
or the all-important point in which
concentrates the true way of ripening
honey, but nearly all circle around
that point of most importance, viz :
How can the water be evaporated
artificially out of honey, without start-
ing bacteria or fermentation ?

Some of the replies to the query say
that honey exposed in open vessels
loses some of its qualities, and others
say the reverse. Mr. Pond says: "Not
if placed in a clean room, and properly
cared for." This, I thinls, is correct ;
but how do we know that "proper
care," without telling the readei's how
to do it ?

Others say, let the bees evaporate
the water ! Mr. Demaree is one of
them. I wonder if bees in Kentucky
always ripen all their fall honey in the
supers, when honey has ceased to
come in, after a night's frost, and the
nights continue to be cold. I know
that bees in Minnesota do but little, if
any, evaporating after this condition
sets in ; not onlj' that, but they leave
the supers, seeking a warmer place in
tlie brood-nest below, and moisture in
the supers will condense instead of
evaporating from the warmth below
and cold above. How, then, is Mr.
Demaree going to get such honey ripe,
and make it fit for a sensitive tongue
and palate ?

Mr. Doolittle says that honey in open
vessels loses none of the flavor which
it has when extracted. This depends
altogether upon what condition the
honey is in when extracted ; but as the
query stands, tlie answer is incorrect.
If we take it for a fact, and it is not
far from it, that as Mr. Heddon ex-
jjlains it, namely, that with thin honey
witli the temperature well up, bacteria
or fermentation is produced, and Mr.
H. also lets the bees evaporate it, but
seals it air-tight soon after extracted,
he, like Mr. Doolittle. I suppose, has
all his honey ripened bj' the bees doing
the work. I have not found it so in
Minnesota, but we have to give Mr.
Heddon credit for getting pretty close
— almost getting his fingers on the all-
important point of this evaporation
business, but fails to get a fair hold
of it.

I claim that, as a whole, there is but
little, or none, of all the extracted, and
but little of the comb honej-, put on

the market, which has its full value
and keeping qualities, without going
through an artificial procedure, and
the quicker and the more efl'ective it is
done after taken from the hives, the
better and finer in taste, quality and
keeping powers it will be. These are
not theories, but facts, as they have
come under my observation and ex-
periments.

Honey, sealed up air-tight, right
from the extractor, will keep as long
as so sealed, but as there is always
some unripe honey in it, it will fer-
ment more or less when exposed, and
get that queer, sharp twange in taste,
as Mr. Heddon calls it. In fact, it gets
partly sour, and there is no way yet
found to get that out of it again, and it
is partlj' spoiled, and does much harm
in the market.

Honey newly from the extractor, put
into the cellar, or other damp places,
or put in an orilinarily warm place
with cool nights, in open vessels, will
be almost sure to produce bacteria,
and will sour ; but take the same
honey to a room in wliich the air is
pure, and from 85° to 90'J above zero
for from three to five weeks, and the
same honey will be the best of its kind
in every respect that can possibly be
produced. The same is true of comb
honey. I have practiced this for the
past two years, and my customers say
that they cannot get such honey from
anybody else. Even the late fall honey
is thus made as fine as any of its kind.
I sent 11,000 pounds to Albany, N.
Y., last fall (all dark honey), and a
few weeks ago I received a letter from
a dealer in New Jersey, who got some
of the lot in some way, and wanted to
know all about it, on account of its
being so fine. Also the man in Albany
was highly pleased with the shipment.
It will seem strange to some of the
readers to be told that honey, or nec-
tar, is most freely produced under the
same atmospheric condition as is maple
sap — the difference is only in the
more warm season for the nectar ; but
sap and nectar, or green, unripe
honey, are very much akin in nature.

Twenty or thirty years ago, -when I
used to make maple sugar and molasses
or syrup, I learned that I would get
but little sap if the atmosphere was
not right ; also, that when sap was
slowly running, and partly evaporated
in the sun and air, bacteria were pro-
duced, and that that sap could not be
boiled down to sugar in any length of
time, but boiled until it would almost
be burned ; it would be a sticky,
tough mass, whicli had lost that fine,
smooth, aromatic taste which maple
syrup has, when boiled as soon as the
sap comes from the trees.

I find in bee-culture, that we need
similar atmospheric conditions for a

big honey-flow, and the honey needs a
similar treatment in regard to the
quick evaporation, after it comes from
the hives, as stated above about sap.
If every bee-keeper, or honey-pro-
ducer, would treat his honej' as I have
described, before putting it on the
market, we would have no trouble in
selling all we could produce, and also
get a good price for it ; and every pro-
ducer of any kind of food, should take
a pride not in the production only,
but also in having the very best of its
kind, that gives it the demand.
Theilmanton, Minn.

HONEY.

Is it Digested Xeetar ? Questions
to be Ansivered.

Written for tfie American Bee Journal

BY S. J. YOUNGMAN.

In the olden time of the bee-gum
and the king-bee, honey was honey,
and honey onl}- — it was strained
honey. Ignorance was bliss — and this
honey of our fathers' was a luxury at
25 and 30 cents a pound. No one
doubted its purity ; the bee-bread,
larvffi, and other delicious(!) substances
entering into its make-up, gave it a
decided taste that there was no danger
of mistaking. It was not " digested
nectar " then.

Basswood honey, white clover and
buckwheat honey, then were not
known. Many of the old-timers miss
the peculiar taste of their quondam
days ; and as they taste of the pure
honey of the present day, they wisely
(?) shake the head, and, as they smack
their lips, they say, "That honey has
got sugar in it. You can't fool me.
We used to keep bees on the farm. 1
used to help father take 'em up lots of
times in the fall," etc.

Now in respect to this question of
digested nectar, although it has but
little bearing on the pursuit of bee-
keeping, and will probably not interest
the mass of the reading public, it is
like Banquo's ghost, and now that it is
up, it will not down at any one's
bidding.

Although not personally acquainted
with Prof. Cook. I always read his
books and articles with great interest
and pleasure — never dared to doubt or
presume that they were not a trutliful
insight into Nature and her wonderful
laws ; and I was astonished that the
average bee-keeper would dare assail
his position on the digested-nectar
question ; but as the matter is not plain
to me, I would like to have the Pro-
fessor, or any advocate of the theory,
explain what I will now try to describe:

Tmm mM^mmicKM beu jQJsmnmiu.

251

A number of j'ears ago, I luul a large
number of bees, and tliere was a large
field of biiekwheat about one-half a
mile away. Between the hives and
the field was a rise of ground, where
the bees Hew quite near the ground.
In the morning, when the sun was
about two or three hours high, the bees
could be seen to eject a liquid as they
passed over to and fro from the field
to tlieir homes. Hundreds of cases of
this vvere seen by mj-self, and others
who were called to see this then (to
me) strange sight, as I had at that
time never seen any allusion to it in
any of the bee-pul)licatious.

I have since often-times seen the
same thing, in hunting wild bees. I
always dilute the honey which the bees
are to be fed on, and often while
watching them circling in the air, pre-
paratorj- to their direct flight to the
tree, I have seen them eject a large
amount of what they had undoubtedly
just taken into their honey-sacs.

It is well-known that bees will
gather nectar with but little trace of
sweet in it, as, for instance, the sap of
the maple tree, on which they will
work greedily, and of which it takes 36
quarts to make one pound of sugar.

Can this separation, that I have
described above, go on at the same
time with digestion ? or does the sep-
aration take place, and then the diges-
tion ? Is this surplus water ejected in
a pure state, or is it excrement ?

Lakeview, Mich.

[We respectfully refer these ques-
tions to Prof. Cook.]

Doolittle on <tne'en-Rearins;.

Queens can be reared in tbe upper stories
of hives used for extracted honey, where a
queen-excluding honey-board is used, which
are as good, if not superior, to Queens
reared by any other process ; and that, too,
while the old Queen is doing duty below,
just the same as though Queens were not
being reared above. This is a fact, though
it is not generally known.

If you desire to know how this can be
done — how to have Queens fertilized in up-
per stories, while the old Queen is laying
below — how you may safely introduce any
Queen, at any time of the year when bees
cay fly — all about the ditferent races of
bees — all about shipping Queens, queen-
cages, candy for queen-cages, etc. — all
about forming nuclei, multiplying or unit^
ing bees, or weak colonies, etc. ; or, in fact
everything about the queen-business which
you may want to know, send for"Doolit-
tle's Scientific Queen-Rearing;" a book of
170 pages, which is nicely bound in cloth,
and as interesting as a story. Price, $1.00.

COKVEKTION DIRECTORY.

1890. Time mid phtce of mcctliuj.

Api'il 16, 17.— Missouri State, at Marshall, Mo.

J. W. Uousc. Sec, Santa Fe. Mo.

May 1,— Southwestern Wisconsin, at Boscobei. Wis.
Benj. E. Rice, Sec, Boscobei, Wis.

May 3.— Susquehanna Co.. at Hopbottom, Pa.

H. M. Sceley, Sec, Harford, Pa.

May 7.— Capital, at SpiiriKflold, His.

C. E. Vocora. Sec, Sherman, Ills.

May 7, 8.— Texas State, at Greenville, Tex.

J. N. Hunter, Sec, Celeste, Tex.

May 19.— Northern Illinois, at Cherry Valley, Ills.
D. A. Fuller. Sec, Cherry Valley, Ills.

B^" In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — The Editor.

S£:(^C77C?yvg@^,

Siiccesstiil tViiitering of Bees.

My 259 colonies of bees are all right this
spring. Only one colony was found to be
queenless, and that was divided between
two others. My colonies are all heavy in
stores, and strong in numbers, the bees
occupying from 5 to 7 spaces between tbe
combs, when too cool for them to fly. Yet
such a flattering condition of the bees is no
evidence in itself of a good honey season.
Predicting a big crop of honey does not
have a tendency to improve the houey
market. Mr. Doolittle's head is level on
the size of hives for securing comb honey.
W. J. Davis, 1st.

Youngsville, Pa., March 28, 1890.

A Uitty tor I{ee-<Jonvei>tion»>.

Here is a little ditty for bee-conventions ;
it can be sung: to the air of "The Almighty
Dollar"— a lively and very "catching"
tune ;

What makes the bees so busy?

Is what I want to know.
Why do we observe on every hand.
In every normal colony

To which we chance to ^o,
Au eagerness we don't quite understand ?

Why do queens and droues fly round,
And at hist fall to the ground

On pleasant days when Solomon is near 1
Why do the guard-bees walk their beat ?
It surely is no treat !

This eagerness I don't quite understand.

Chorus—
It's for honey. Ain't it funny

How it drives away all sorrow and all care ?
If you want money. "you must have honey.

For its honey that brings money everywhere.

Marlboro, Mass. E. L. Pratt.

Clubs of 5 for $4.00 to any addresses.
Ten for 87.50. if all are sent at one time.

Cariiiolan and Italian Bees.

I have had Carniolau bees for three
years, and I do not find them so far ahead
of the Italians as I expected. Some claim
that they can get 25 per cent, more honey
from them than they can from Italian
bees, but I cannot. The Carniolans have
one good point, that is, they are more quiet
in winter than the Italians ; but in every
other respect, I think that the Italians are
the best. Tbe Carniolans are gentle — but
I find no trouble with tbe Italian bees in
that respect. If bees were my only object,
I should keep Carniolans, for they like to
swarm tbe best of SLuy race that I have had
anything to do with. My first swarm was

from llio Carniolans last year — it issued on
May HO, and 1 bad to feed them for a week.
The first Italian swarm issued on June 9,
and the Italians stopped swarming on July
9, but tbe Carniolans swarmed until the
middle of August; that is after the honey
harvest is jiast, and no houey is coming in.
I made some large hives, Ijut it did no good,
for swarm tliey would— they would swarm
when they bad plenty of room in the hive.
I find that tbe Carniolan colonies have
plenty of bees in the fall, but not much
honey. The Carniolans may gather more
honey than the Italians in some apiaries,
but they do not in mine. To those that think
of trying them, I would say " Go slow,
imtil you are sure they are the best." Some
may say that I have not tbe pure Carnio-
lans. If I have not got the pure Carniolan
bees, they are not to be had in America.
Stittville, N. Y. John B. Avery.

Moving: Bees Avitli Small l>oss.

About one inch of snow fell here yester-
day, winding up with a big blow from tbe
northwest. It was warm and sunshiny to-
day, and so most of tbe snow is gone to-
night. I have moved my bees about 110
miles by rail, and about 20 miles by wagon,
with the loss of one colony out of 12. I am
18 miles due west of Omaha, near tbe
Elkhorn and Platte rivers. Some linden
timber is in reach of my bees, and plenty
of wClow, maple and cotton-wood.

W. H. Martin.

Elkhorn, Nebr., March 28, 1890.

Bees Restless in tlie Cellar.

I had 46 colonies one year ago, and
secured 8,200 pounds of comb honey in
one-pound sections, besides increasing my
apiary to 70 colonies during the season,
which I put into tbe cellar. I think that my
cellar has been too warm (50 to 52 de-
grees) most of tbe time; tbe bees have
been restless and noisy most of the time,
and now the hives are getting quite spotted,
but I hope to get tbe bees out in a few days.

A. M. FiSK.

Bessemer, Wis., March 28, 1890.

BIy Experience in Bee-Keeping.

I put 30 colonies of bees into winter
quarters, most of them with plenty of
houey for winter stores. I have three that
have no queens, and I think that I will, as
soon as it is warm enough, put them in
with tbe other colonies. My last season's
report was 300 pounds of honey from 18
colonies, spring count, and increased to 30.
I lost 2 colonies with laying workers. I
have 2 colones in the " Golden Bee-Hives."
I changed tbe top of the hives so as to
carry 24 one-pound sections. Bees work
as well on the Golden frame as any, but I
found that tbe hive most used was one that
took the pound section. I have ceased
using tbe Golden bee-hive. I made a
hive similar to the Doolittle hive for a
friend last season, who put a swarm into
it the last of May, and he got 50 pounds of
honey from that colony. It was a large
swarm — that is where the great secret is,
in having strong colonies. Last season 1
put one swarm in the place of 'the parent
colony, and transferred the surplus on the
swarm, and they kept on storing honey ; if
I bad served all in that way, I would have
bad at least 100 pounds more honey. I
shall save more that way this season. I
was sick all tbe forepart of tbe winter, but
now I begin to feel like myself again. I
am an old soldier, and my health is never
of the best. The Bee Jocrxal is a great
help to me. I think that tbe invertible
frame is a good thing. Ira Adamsox.

Winchester, Ind., March 29, 1890.

252

TH® SMMMICMH MMM JOURKffilU.

. ^»^^^- — »^^^^^^ — ^_;»^^^--^— jj>>^»jfca^a^«^«^«rf*^*^«^«^»^»^>^*^*^»^»^«^»»>^»»*i»*^*»«^

Experience ot an 01«1 Uee-.Man.

I think that I am one of the oldest bee-
keepers in the northwest, and have had as
much experience in the business as any
one. I am the fifth generation that has
constantly kept bees, but that does not say
much for the business. I commenced to
keep bees in 18^4, when it was not so
much of a science as it is to-day. I began
with straw hives, hollow logs, then boxes
standing on one end, with the "luck and
brimstone plan " annexed to make it com-
plete. I have kept bees in New York, Ver-
mont, Massachusetts, Virginia, Pennsylva-
nia and Wisconsin. There is a vast differ-
ence in localities — some much better than
others. I am in the best place now, devot-
ing my entire time to the business. I am
an old painter by trade, and have followed
it for 50 years. I was a foreman in a car-
shop for 1 6 years, but I always kept my
bees, and took time to care for them. I
commenced bee-keeping here in 1850, and
have tried to keep pace with the progress
of the times. I was one of the first to adopt
the movable frame hive, and begin a new
era in the bee-business. It has cost me
much to experiment in the business, but I
have managed to make the bees pay their
expenses, and a profit besides. I have tried
all kinds of bees except the Carniolau, and
I expect to give them a trial the coming
season. I have 76 colonies of bees at mj'
home apiary, and 150 at out yards in the
country, in five places. I keep a man at
each yard most of the time during June
and July. S. T. C'K.vXD.iLL.

Hartford, Wis., March 27, 1890.

each. I generally use ten frames of brood,
and the balance of empty worker coinb,
owing to the size of colony; then I have
what I call a set of combs for extracting. I
begin by removing all combs that have
honey in, that will pay for extracting, and
put them in another box for that purpose,
placing the empty combs, and the brood
taken from these other hives, into the hive
that I have .lust emptied. I then shake and
brush off the bees from the combs, and all
is ready for business.

I do not care to extract when there is no
honey coming in. To be sure, it can be
done with a tent, but I believe I can do as
much alone, when there is plenty of
honey coming in, as two can with a tent
and no honey being gathered. For storage
for honey, I use two cans holding 400
pounds each, so that the honey has a chance,
if it is not thoroughly cured, to ripen in
this way. I always have a good quality of
honey with this management. I had only
one natural swarm last season from -40 col-
onies, and 2,100 pounds of hone5'. I use a
sun wax-extractor, with which I believe I
can produce as nice an article of wax as
can be secured by any method.

Bowling Green, O. MiLO George.

Spacing tlie Itrood-Pi-anies.

On page 214 Dr. C. C. Miller says that he
is willing to give "something" to know
how far to space brood-frames from center
to center. What I know about it is not
guessing; but years ago, when I wanted to
throw up the box-hive, I had the dimen-
sions of the Langstroth hive, but did not
know how to space the frames, so I over-
hauled quite a pile of box-hives, took the
tops off, and measured the distance from
center to center across the combs, as the
impressions were left on the top-board.
These were the brood, with what I think
must have been correct spacing. In each
hive, where the combs were quite straight,
they did nut disagree, but were just 1'.;
inches from center to center. This was
their own work, aud I suppose they made
them as they should be. I have 76 colonies
now in the cellar. S. Pllmmer.

Mannsville, N. Y.

Slethod or Extracting Honey.

On page 198 is an article on extracted
honey, wheu to extract, the number of
combs to use, and how to proceed in ex-
tracting. Perhaps every bee-keeper in the
land is well aware that there is no business
that has more differences of opinion than
the one of how to manage bees, or what
kind of a hive to use.

My method of extracting is somewhat
different from Mr. Funk's. He does not
say anything about extracting from brood-
combs. I eitract from all the combs. My
hive is onlj" one story, holding 24 frames.
12x12 inches. Mr. F. does not extract
until the clover season is over ; I extract
when my judgment says they need it — I do
not wait until the honey season is over, but
begin as soon as the combs are well filled
and partly sealed over. I use a Bingham
knife, and for a capping can, a box 2 J. 2 feet
by 22 inches square, with a screen at the
bottom, so that I save the drippings from
the caps.

When I extract, I go to 4 or 5 colonies,
and take out three or four frames from

are the same ; so we will have to substitute
flour, or something else, for awhile. March
has only given us one real nice, warm day
for the bees to fly. It has been cold and
disagreeable in general, and it appears to be
determined to go out as rough as it came,
and usher April 1 in as a regular winter
day. I had 35 colonies of liees last fall,
which have wintered splendidly on the
summer stands. My only loss, until the
last of February, was two queens; and I
doubled their colonies up with others. I do
not believe that the bees hero are in as
good condition as they were one mouth
ago.

1 have had no return of foul brood in my
apiary, and feel safe in saying that it can
be effectually eradicated by keeping the
bees for one or two days in empty boxes,
and then putting them in perfectly clean
boxes, on sheets of foundation, and effect-
ually scalding and cleansing the boards,
boxes and everything about the apiary.

Sulphur is recommended for killing off
the bees that want to swarm. It must cer-
tainly be an unpleasant job for any one
having any feeling, to first stupefy bees
with sulphur, and theu bury them alive !
Samuel BAHXH.iRT.

Greensburgh, Pa., March 29, 1890.

SiiperseclinK <tiieens.

I have read Mr. Doolittle's book on
" Scientific Queen-Rearing," and tried his
method of superseding queens, but did not
succeed very well last summer. I placed
in the upper stories of 20 colonies, above a
queen-excluder, finished queen-cells; they
hatched all right, and I withdrew the
queen-excluder, but only 2 colonies out of
the 20 superseded the old queens. Will Mr.
Doolittle please explain through the Ameki-
CAN Bee Joukxal, wherein I failed^ I
think that the two that superseded were
preparing to do so on account of old age.
How would it do to leave the young queen
above the queen-excluder until she com-
menced to lay, and then let her down <

Redwood Falls, Minn. Wm. Cuouley.

[I do not know that I can account for the
failure mentioned by Mr. Crouley, unless
he did not put a frame of brood in each
upper story with the queen-cell. As I have
been short of queens from my multitudinous
sales each year, I have not experimented
along this line as much as I should have
done under other circumstances, but so far
as I have used the plan, I have had very few
failures. Where the young virgin queen
and the bees fl-om the upper story have
been shaken down in front of the lower
story, as given on page 65 of " Scientific
Queen- Rearing," I have not failed in a single
instance in having the queen in the lower
hive superseded, and I consider this the
better way to work.— G. M. Doolittle.]

I>i!«as:rreeable Weather, etc.

We have had a very open winter, with
rain, mud and slush, making the roads al-
most impassable. January and February
were as much like summer months as like
winter. The last of February was very
springlike. The bees are in splendid condi-
tion, carrying in pollen and rearing brood.
The apricot and peach trees were just
bursting into bloom, but, alas, March came
as fierce as a lion, and* the mercury was 6
or 8 degrees below zero, and lasted long
enough to store away a good supply of ice
— a great luxury in the summer. Peaches
and all other fruit, unless it be apples, were
completely frozen. Maple bloom and every-
thing from which bees can gather pollen

Orones Flyins-— Salve for Piles.

The bees here are wintering well. Late
swarms that did not lay up much honey,
are starving, but those with plenty of stores
thus far are wintering well. On March 19,
I saw drones flying in my apiary. I have
learned a new use for bees. A few days
ago a man came to me, and wanted 20
bees. I wished to know what he wanted
with them. He replied that he used them
to make into a salve to cure the piles. He
said that they made the best pile salve be
ever heard of. Nathan M. Woodman.

Bushnell, Ills., April 1, 1890.

Piittins- Bees into tlie Cellar.

In reply to Mr. S. H. Herrick, on page
204, I put my bees in the cellar on Nov.
26th to the 28th, and they came out in
good condition. I have lost one colony in
three years. I put 44 colonies into the
cellar last fall; on March 20 I put 28 colo-
nies out for a flight. It was 54 degrees in
the shade, but it has turned cold again, and
I have put the bees back into the cellar. I
shall let the rest fly as soon as it gets
warm. I know of bee-keepers that leave
their bees out until Dec. 24, and those bees
have wintered poorly. I know of one man
that put screen-wire over the entrance of
his hives the past winter, to keep the bees
in. I think that man will have some
empty hives this spring. I believe we are
going to have a hard spring for bees in
Minnesota. C. A. Goodell.

Mankato, Minn., March 24, 1890.

Insect Pests on Fmit-Xrees.

This is something of a fruit-growing coun-
try, and the question is being agitated as
to the best means of destroying the insects
which impoverish the fruit and the trees.
The spraying of the trees with Paris-green
is strongly advocated. The method men-
tioned on page 179 was referred to the
Grange here, but it seemed to be something
new to the members, and is not explicit
enough. The questions asked in regard to
it are mainly these: 1. Is it as effectual
on all kinds of fruit-trees as poison? 3.
When is the proper time to apply this yarn
and turpentine? 3. How often is it neces-
sary to apply it? 4. To what extent has it
been practiced? 5. Has it been generally
very effectual against all the classes of in-

-vmm mm-B^icnn mmm jauRPtisiu.

253

'■'■■^^■^^■^^^■^■^■^^j^^^^*^

^^^^^^^^^^^^■^■^■^^^■^■^■^■^*— ■-— ■-

sects vvbich prey upon tlio fruit-trees, or
ouly acertaiu class; If tlie latter, to what
class' Please give iufornuitiou as far as is
practiculile, to the foregoius questions,
througli tlio Biii? JoOuNAi,. There are so
many unprincipled persons who are too
busty, or ignorant of the j)roper time, to
use a |ioisonous remedy against insects ou
fruit trees, that it- would he a boon to the
bee-keeping interest of the country, if such
means as is referred to was generallj'
known, and would give satisfaction.
Lyons, N. Y. Elias Richmoni).

[By request, Mr. Brickey, who first men-
tioned the remedy in the Bee Journal,
replies as folows to the above questions : —
Ed.]

In answer to Mr. Richmond, I would say :

1. I have no knowledge of this remedy
being tried only on plum-trees against the
curculio, but if other fruit is affected by
the same insect, or any insect that climbs
the tree, it will be effectual.

2. Apply before the insect climbs the
tree — at least before the trees bloom ; it is
better to be in time, if the application has
to be repeated.

3. Parties that have tried it, say once a
year; but it is easy to renew.

■i. Mr. Wm. Bryant, of Audrain county.
Mo., tried it iu 1861, on about ten trees,
and left one without the application, and
all the trees on which the string and tur-
pentine were applied, had a full and perfect
crop of fruit, and the one not so applied,
had no perfect fruit. I saw him again in
1867, and he said that he had kept up the
experiment with perfect satisfaction, and
without a failure, as to a crop of plums
each year on every tree tried; also in 1868
and 1869. Also, a Mr. Liberty and Mr.
Burton Yocom, of Tom, Mercer county,
Ky., have both tried it, and say that it
never fails on plum-trees, and they say
they will try it on other fruit trees.

5. As stated above, it has been tried only
on plum-trees against the curculio, but it
will be tried here on all kinds of fruit, and
I will gladly give any information that I
can find out, to the fruit growers and bee-
keepers. I know of a case where Paris-
green applied to Irish potatoes, poisoned a
family. Petek Brickey.

Lawrenceburg, Ky.

Xerrible Cyclone in Kentucky.

On Tuesday night, March 28, the cyclone
wiped us out— struck us on the southeast
corner, and raked to the northeast over 300
acres. It made kindling-wood and brick-
bats out of buildings that cost S15,000;
killed two members of our tenant's family
who were in a two-story frame cottage.
Our two-story brick- residence, 14 rooms,
was wiped out and scattered for six miles —
our family all escaping unhurt; 110 colo-
nies of bees "pied," mixed, scattered, and
blown off; and the shop and honey-house
demolished. We think that we have per-
haps 60 colonies shaped up, and 75 colo-
nies in another apiary all right. Now we
have to reconstruct buildings and fences,
and crops to plant. The prospect for white
clover never was better. There were three
buildings rubbed out on our place. Out of
ten pe.-sons in the wreck, two were killed.
It killed some hogs — 10 or 15, perhaps, and
one fine mare, our best, worth S200. It
blowed the barn away, and left $1,000
worth of tobacco that was hung up inside;
took a crib, and left 800 bushels of corn;
J took a granary, and left the wheat and
oats, but scattered it; and destroyed three
farm wagons, and all farm machinery.

E, Dkane & Son.
Eminence, Ky., April 1, 1890.

BHSINESS MANAGER.

:zzzxzzxzzzzzzzzzzxzxzzxzzzxzz]

Susiucss Uoticjes.

Subscribers who do not receive their

papers promptly, should notify us at once.

lt^~ Money in Potatoes, by Mr. Joseph
Greiner. Price, 25 cents, postpaid. For sale
at this office.

Send us one iKEW subscriber, with

$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

1^" Red Laliels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

I^W" Calvert's JiTo. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.

Its'" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper Indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

^[W Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon thenl and get them to
subscribe with you.

H^" Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jour-
nal at $1.85 for the two; or with both our
Home Journal and Bee Journal for $2.50
for all three papers.

It^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write Avierican Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

i;^" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

" 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 25

•• 200 colonies (420 pages) 150

|E^~ When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book,
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

J^" We offer the Monthly Philadelphia
Farm Journal, and either the American
Bee Journal or Illustrated Home Jour-
nal for one year, for the small sum of $1.20.
Or, we will give it free for one year to any
one who will send us one new subscriber for
either of our Journals with $1.00 (the sub-
scription price) .

<;i.i ititi.-\<,i i>iN-r.

yVc 4Jliil> the American Dee Journal
for a year, with any of the following pa|iors
or books, at the prices quoted in the I.,A>*1'
column. The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:

Price of both. Otul
The American Bee Journal .tl 00 . . . .

andGleaninsrsin liee-Culture 2 00 1 7.1

Hoe-Kcc|.i.rs(iuide 1 .lO. .. 140

I!ce-Kcc'|i(Ms' Heview 150.. . 140

The Apiiullurist 175.... 105

1!c-c-Kcc|iiik' Advance 150 140

I'iUKUliiui lice .Journal 2 00 ... 180

The 7 above-named papers 5 25 5 00

and Langstroth Revised (Dadant) .3 00.... 2 75
Cook's Manual (1887 edition) 2 25.. . 2 00

Quinb.v's Ni-w Bee-Kceping. 2 50 2 25

Doolittle oil Queen-Rearing. 2 00 175

Bees and Honey (Newmani;. 2 00 175

BinderforAm.BeeJouriial. 1(30.... 150

Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth). 3 00 2 00

Root's A B (' of Bee-Culture 2 25 . . . 2 50

Farmer's Account Book 400.... 2 20

Western World Guide 150.... 130

Heddon's bonk, "Success,".. 150 140

A Year Amiin},' the Bees 175... 150

Convention Huiicl-Book 150 130

Weekly Intel-Ocean.... 200... 175

Toronto Globe (weekly) 2 00 1 70

History of National Society. 150.... 125

American Poultry Journal.. 2 25 150

The Lever (Temperance) 2 00 175

Do not send to us for sample copies
of any other papers. Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.

A New Method of Treating Disease.

HOSPITAL REMEDIES.

What are they? There is anew departure
in the treatment of disease. It consists in
the collection of the specifics used by noted
specialists of Europe and America, and
bringing them within the reach of all. For
instance, the treatment pursued by special
physicians who treat indigestion,"stomach
and liver troubles only, was obtained and
prepared. The treatment of other physi-
cians, celebrated for curing catarrh, was
procured, and so on till these incomparable
cures now include disease of the lungs
kidneys, female weakness, rheumatism and
nervous debility.

This new method of " one remedy for one
disease " must appeal to the common-sense
of all sufferers, many of whom have experi-
enced the ill effects, and thoroughly realize
the absurdity of the claims of Patent
Medicines which are guaranteed to cure
every ill out of a single bottle, and the use
of which, as statistics prove, ]ias ruined
more stomachs than alcohol. A circular
describing these new remedies is sent free
on receipt of stamp to pay postage by
Hospital Remedy Company, Toronto Can-
ada, sole proprietors. '

51D26t Imly.

WUy Advei-lise in the American Bee
Journal? Here are some good reasons:

1. Because it has a large and influential
circulation in every State and Territory
Canada, and other foreign countries.

2. Because it is well-printed, and an
advertisement in it appears neat and
attractive, and invites a reading.

3. Because it reaches just the class of per-
sons desired— professional men, lawyers
doctors, and the best rural population. '

4. The rates are low and the returns from
advertisements are satisfactory.

254

T'mm mm^mmiGmM mmm jowkkmi*.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

KANSAS CITY, Mo., April o.— The market is
cleaned up. We quote: 1-lbs. white, 12@i:ic. ;
"-lbs white, 10@11. Darls 1-lbs., 8@10c.: dark
2-lbs., 8@9c. Extracted, white, 6(ai6!4c.; dark,

5c. Demadn good.

HAMBLIN & BEARSS. 514 Walnut St.

MILWAUKEE, March 13.— The demand for
honey is very good, and the supply is fair. We
quote: White 1-lbs., 12(g>13c— and if absolutely
perfect, sometimes 14c. ; choice, white 2-lbs.,
12@12y-c.: dark 1-lbs., lOOllc: old 1-lbs.,
8@9c. Extracted, white, in barrels and half-
barrels, 7'/.@8c.; in pails and tin, 8®8Hc.;
dark, in barrels and half-barrels, 6®6!4c.
Beeswax, 32@23c.

A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.

DENVER, March 8.— 1-lb. sections, 13@15c.",
Extracted, 7®8c. There is sufficient comb
honey to supply the market till the new crop
arrives. Beeswax, 20@25c.

J. M. CLARK COM. CO.. 1517 Blake St.

DETROIT, March 7.— Comb honey is quoted
atll®13c. Supply not large, but sales slow.
Extracted, 7®8c. Beeswax, firm at 24@2oc.
M. H. HUNT, BeU Branch, Mich.

CHICAGO, Mar. 13.— We quote: White clo-
ver in active demand and quick sales, on arri-
val ; 1-lbs., 13@14c.; 2-lbs.. 12®12!/.c. Bass-
wood 1-lbs., 12@13c. Buckwheat 1-lbs., 8®
9c Extracted, 6i4®7i.5c. Beeswax — bright,
25@26c. ; dark, 23(2.24c.

S. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St.

BOSTON, March 22.— Fancy 1-lbs., 16c. Any-
thing off-grade sells considerably below 16c.
The market is bare of fancy, 1-lb. white honey.
Extracted, 7'/2@8!2e. No beeswiix on hand.
BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham St.

CINCINNATI, March 7.— Good demand for
extracted honey, especially from manufactu-
rers at .j@8c. Comb honey, 12@15c. for best.
Demand fair. „„^„- ,

Beeswax is in good demand at 20@2ijc. tor
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH & SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

^■^*^*^*^^

WHERE DilOU LIVE?

IF Y'OU will let me know I will send you my
Circular for 1800 which will tell you all
about the Hive we are selling for 55c; and if
you want 25, can let you have them for 49c.
Also 100 Brood-Frames for $1.00.

WM. H. BRIGHT,
15A4t MAZEPPA, MINN.

Mention the American Bee Jounml.

■ We always extend the term of re-
newal subscriptions from the date of
expiration on our books. Present sub-
scribers whose time may expu-e one, two,
three or six months hence, can safely
renew now, without fear of loss thereby.

gvduevtiscincuts.

DOOR= T ANGSTROTH
r MAN'S L=HIYE=

Before buying Hives, send for ourPrice-List
on this Hive as described on page 186 of this
Journal. It is the best and cheapest Hive
made.

SMITH & SMITH,

14Atf

Kenton, Hardin Co., Ohio.

PRICES

REDUCED !

TheDIBBERN(pcr-

_ _ feet) Bee - Escape

is now offered to all as follows: By mail, one
Escape in small board, 35c.; 6 for $1.25; 12 for
J2.40. Complete Board, 50c., by express; 6 for
J2.25 ; 12 for $4.00. State size of Super. It is
a perfect success. Every Escape made by us is
warranted. C. H. Dibbern & Son, Milan, Ills.
l*A2t
Mention the American Bee Journal.

$1.50 Double
Walled Hive.

I MAKE my im-
proved Spacer
with the downward-
extending arras near-
ly as Ictng as the end
bars of the frames;
and with suitable di-
vision-boards in plare el the outside combs; a hive is
converted into a doiibl''-walled hive, with the spaces
at the ends of the frames closed, which is a threat aid
to a weak colony in building up in the spring, if the
liive is well-packed on t'lp of the frames. Price of
Brood-Chamber and S Frames, * 1.50; one Hive and
one doz. extra Spacers. 44.fto. Spacers, long or short
arm, »;20.on per iihi. These prices are for Krames %-
inch wide. When ordering give the width of your
hive inside. J. B. WILCOX, Manistee. Mich.

15Atf

When AMSWEHING THIS ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAL.

CARNIOLANS A SPECIALTY !

BEE-KEEPERS, before placing your orders for
Carniolan Bees or Queens, yet our prices. Our
STOCK ARE EXCELLEP UY NONE. Descriptive Cir-
cular and Price-List for l.su'i now ready. Send for it.
Address, F. A. LOCK HART & CO.,

t, Formerly of Andrews & Lockhart),
9Dtf Pattens' mills. Wash. Co., N. T.

Mevtion the American Bee Journal.

Sr/trriAlVCi $3.00 per 1,000. Foundation,
Fit I lUllkl Alsilie Clover Seed and Japanese
Buckwheat, ciiea]) as the cheapest. Spec-
ial prices to dealers. Send for our free
PRICE LIST. M- H. Hl!NT,
IDtf BELL BRANCH. MICH.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

nlTrUTO TtlOS. p. SIMPSON. WHsblneton

Kfl I PN I\D-C- No atty's fee until Patent Ob
I n I Ull I U tained. Write for Inventor's Guide

BEESWAX WANTED.

Kees^t-ax.— We will pay 35 cents per

pound, in Cash, for Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
ered here.

US'" To avoid mistakes, the name of the
shipper should always be on each package.

THOS. G. NE'WMAN & SON,

246 East MadiBon Street. CHICAGO, HiIiP.

\AI A WTT^n -^''' ONCE— a man of some

VV I\V\ 1 HU exiierience in auiaiy. Kef-

erences exchanged. KOSS & PACKER,

14A2t 700 West Street, Syracuse, N. V.

Mention the American Biie .Tovmal.

:,0 Colonics of Italian & H.vljrid
. , __ HHUli Bees, Extractor, etc. ; House and
4 acres land, in corporate limits; good location
for Poultry yards; -within M mile 2 R.R. depots
—Good honey market. Price, only .$1,100.
15Alt Mrs. a. Sutcliffe, Weathertord, Tex.
Mention th^ American Bee Journal.

I HAVE just bought two more Foundation
Machines, and am now able to make Foun-
dation of all kinds at the lowest price in the
world Send fur .-.amiile and price to JACOB
WOLLERSKEIM, Ivaukauna, 'Wis. l.'jAlt
Mention the American Bee Journal.

|.A Competent and Honest Bee-Man
.■i.L.uJ without family, to take charge of
our bees. We want a man for about *30 per
month and board, who has proper rocomnicn-
dation. E. DRAKE & SON, Eminence, Ky.
15Alt „ ,

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Tested Italian (}ue('ns,$1.00SaK;^

or more pounds of bees, at 7:< cents per pound.

Untested, 7.". cents. Discount to dealers. See

American Bee Journal, March I'l.

llAtf LUTHER •W. GRAY, Ohlaxoo, Fla.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

ViiV VIII?) Italian Bees and Qneen»!i,
rVIl tMlLL ! in small and large lots, at a
VEUY LdW riiiCE. Address, Otto Kleinow,
No. 1.50 Military Ave, Detroit, Mich. I'JAif

INDUSTRIAL HIVES! S?vef wli'h^'Sft

and best iniproN iiin'iUs. Lyman Invertible,
and Clark Union liiond-Franies, snpcrsede old
style Frames ancl Honey- Boards (see American
Bee Journal, pages lii:j-204). Do not stock up
with old-style goods. SAJMFI.E Industrial
Hive, Langstroth size, complete. •f'J.-'i.'i. Frames
pt)st-paid, 2.')C. Descriptive List (jf Fine Ital-
ians, &c., free. J. W, CLARK, Clarksburg, Mo.
l.-.Alt

WMEU ANSWERING THIS ADVERTISEMENT. MENTION This JOORNAU.

GARNIOIiANS AND ITALIANS — I will,
this season, runO Queen-Rcariag Apiaries,
one for Carniolans at Vawtei Park, away from
other bees, the other for Italians at Nappanee.
Queens will be shipped in my new Introducing
Cage, and safe arrival guaranteed. Tested
Carniolan Queen, $'2.M: Untested, Jl.OO, or 6
for I."). 00 ; one three-frame Nucleus with tested
Italian Queen, $3.00: Tested Italian Queen,
$1.00; Selected Tested, $1..'J0; Untested, 75c.;
or .3 for -$2.00. For C-A.hniol.\ns, address, I. K.
GOOD, Vawter Park, Ind. For iT.iMANS —
I. R. GOOD & BRO., Nappanee, Ind. 13Dtf
Mention the American Bee Journal.

SEOTionsrs

From $2.50 to $3..j0 per 1,000, and other

APIARIAN SUPPLIES Cheap.

Wovelty Co., - Rotlc Fallsii, Ills.

13D6t

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Eaton's Improved

SKCriO.^ -<'ASE,

BEES & yUEBXS. Send

for free catalogue. Address

Frank A. Katon,

_ IDtf Blutrton, Ohio.

Mention the American Bee Jounml.

Establislied 1S78.

WANTED. -I have a valuable ApicuUural
Invention which I wish to Patent and
put. uiion tiie market. I will give a half-inter-
est to un\ ciiiinictcnt person who will furnish
the monc\ to do this.

JOHN BLACK, Pattonsbnrg, IVIo.
l.-iAlt

Mention the American Bee Journal.

til()iC('St Italian mated, won Srst prem-
\ ium over all competitors

• I at Buffalo International,

September, 1889. Nose Better in Ameiiica !

Send for Price-List. Order earl}-.

ISAtf E, n. KERNEV, Importer and Brrfdfr, .Iriadf, «l. V.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

(tlEEi\S

SMITH & SMITH,

'Wholesale and Retail Man-
ufacttxrers of

BEEpEPERS' ^mmii

KEIVTOX, OHIO.

Price lilst Free. ODly

Mention the American Bee Journal.

DAVENPORT.

LOUIS HANSSEN, 213 &215 West Second St..
Davenport, Iowa, keeps a full stock of BEE-
KEEPERS' SUPPIjIE*. G. B. Lewis &
Co.'s Sections, and Dadant's Foundation, at
manufacturers' prices. lOASt

WHEN ANSWERING THIS ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAL.

READY TO SHIP ! ^^^°?.Tt^??«i'!ir.«1>

— 3forS2.75. Ready April 1st. Nuclei cheap. »
Send for Price-List. COLWICK & COLWICK.
Norse, Bosque Co., Texas. 12Aht

Mention theAme^iran Bee .Toiirnal.

TMM MlWiBfRICKlN! IBMB, JOUJPtT^KIU.

259

THOMAS «. NE^VMAW,

IDITOR.

Vol. mi, April 19,1890, No, 16,

In tlie changeful April weather,
Playing hide-and-seek togther,
Rain and sunshine, light and shadow
through the woodlands come and go ;
Now athwart the tree-tops glancing.
Now amid the violets dancing
In the quiet glades below.

15" Mr. Henry Alley, of Wenham,Mass.,
wrote us on April 7, 1890: "Spring
opened with Ajjril, and bees seem to be
doing well."

'Common-Sense Bee-Keeping" is
the title of a IG-page pamphlet issued by
Rev. A. R. Seaman, of New Cumberland,
W. Va. We find in it more " common-
sense " on various subjects than is usually
found in similar publications. It is poorly
printed, but it is readable as well as
sensible.

I>ie«l, at his home in Vei-sailles, Catta-
raugus county, N. Y., Capt. H. Chapman,
on April 8, 1890, aged 80 years.

This announcement will be read with
sorrow and regret by the many readers of
the Bee Journal. Mr. Chapman was
widely known throughout the country as
the one who first introduced to the public
the celebrated "Chapman Honey-Plant."
He was a man of sterling integrity, and his
loss will be deeply felt in the community
where he has lived for half a century.

IntrodiK'in;; Queens. — Mr. Dennis
Cooley, of Globeville, Mich., asks:

Please answer this in the American Bee
Journal :

Is it right to put a new tested queen into
a hive as soon as the old queen is killed or
removed?

If the queen is properly caged, she may
be introduced at once.

Honey in llie l^yranil*!)*.— Peter

Moyer, of Orangoville, asks the following
questions:

1. Have any of the readers of the Bee
Journal any history about the preserva-
tion of honey in the pyramids of Egypt?
About eighteen years ago I read a short
statement about this in some paper. I
would like a further account, if true.

3. How long can honey be kept in good
condition?

1 . Any one having the historic particu-
lars will oblige our correspondent by send-
ing them to us for publication.

3. Honey in the comb will generally
granulate before the second honey season,
and when that is the case, it cannot be
liquefied without destroying the comb.
Honey out of the comb can be kept for
years in good condition.

Transteri-iiis; ISees.— D. Cargill, of
Maple wood, N. Y., writes thus;

Please answer through the American Bee
Journal these questions :

How shall I transfer bees from one frame-
hive to another, where the combs are built
crosswise, or nearly so?

Shall I cut the combs out and transfer the
bees, or drive them out, on full sheets of
foundation, and feed them until honey is
coming in ? There is not much honey in the
combs.

Cut the combs out and transfer, in the
same manner, as from a box-hive — all the
features of a frame-hive having been lost
by the combs being built crosswise of the
frames.

If you prefer, they may be " di'iven " out
and treated as suggested.

Bee-Spaces — SivsirniinsT* — A cor-
respondent in Vermont writes thus:

Please answer these questions in the
American Bee Journal:

1. In using a metal queen-excluder, does
it lay on the frames, or is there a bee-space
between?

3. Which is best, to divide or let the bees
swarm naturally, where there are 400 or
500 frames of nice, clean combs and you
want increase, having only a few colonies
left?

1. There should be a bee space between
the frames and the queen-excluder.

3. Some prefer one way and some the
other, according to location, surroundings,
etc. We should prefer to divide them.

Miscoveries. — These questions are
presented for reply in the Bee Journal :

1. Do you think a bee-keeper serves his
best interests by publishing all his discov-
eries, and freely giving his inventions for
the benefit of all ?

3. If so, please briefly describe what you
consider our most important invention or
discovery made within the past year or
two. — One Who Wants to Know.

1. Perhaps not, but there are times when
it wiU not pay to secure all rights to him-
self. The amount of revenue could not be
made to pay for a patent.

3. This opens a question which would not
be pleasant to discuss in the Bee Journal.

The " Ram's Horn " is the title of a
large weekly religious newspaper just
started in Indianapolis, Ind., at •?! .50 a year,
by Elijah P. Brown, who, having achieved
a national reputation as a newsi>aper man,
has lately been converted, and now begins
an earnest, spicy, and interesting religious
paper for the home. The editor's salutatory
remarks thus :

Our constant endeavor will be to make
religion attractive, and try to show that it
is full of sunshine, hope and love. We
want everybody to find out that God is the
friend of all that is good and true.

That is just the kind of religion we
believe in— just the kind that will do the
most good in the world, and we wish the
Ram's Horn abundant prosperity.

Send to Brother Brown for a sample
copy, and see if you do not want it eveiy
week.

We will suppl5' the Rani's Horn and
either of our Journals for $3.25 a year. Or
all three for ?3.00.

In 4/alilbrnia, the bees have been
swarming ever since the latter part of
March, writes Mr. Gustav Bohn, of Messina.
He adds : " I expect a fair crop of honey
this season. My neighbors, the raisin-
growers are pulling up a great many of
their vines and planting oranges, which
will pay better here ; so I shall not be likely
to have any more trouble with them." It
will be remembered that the Union defend-
ed Mr. Bohn's case, and proved that the
bees had rights which the raisin-growers
should respect. The bees are now "on
top," and their rights are acknowledged
even by their late enemies. So much more
to record in favor of the National Bee-
Keepers' Union's defense of the pursuit.

Spi'ius' Weallier. — While we write
this the weather is balmy and spring-like
here in Chicago. Mr. W. Addeubrooke, of N.
Prairie, Wis., wrote us as follows ou April
S, concerning the spring weather in Wau-
kesha County, Wisconsin :

This is the first day of spring weather. It
is now, at 10 a.m., 65 degrees in the shade.
We had heavy thunder showers last night
for a few hours.

I put 130 colonies into the cellar on Nov.
31, 1889, and put all out alive but two
on March 31, 1890. They are now in good
condition, and I hope for a good season.

Mr. W. Richter, of San Bernardino,
Calif., died on March 35, at his bee-ranch.
His bees were purchased by Mr. La Rue,
his near neighbor, who will hereafter man-
age that bee-ranch.

IVew <.'atalogiies and Price-Lists for
1890 are received from —

E. D. Keeney, Arcade, N. Y. — i pages-
Italian Queen-Bees.

Alfred E. Cole, Plainsfield, N. J.— 14
pages — Seeds, Plants, Bulbs, etc.

2G0

>ai»^*^*^*«fc.

THE' MME'RICMIf KB® J©^KNS1<.

MI,

Paiiitins' ISivesi. — Relative to the
remarks of Mr. Theilmann, on page 217,
on the disadvantage of painting hives,
Prof. A. J. Cook writes as follows ;

Mr. C. Theilmann, in the Ameuicax Bee
Journal for March 'J9, asks why the
experiments to show that wood was porons
were made. They were made to show that
our houses are ventilated to quite a degree
if made of wood. Papering destroys this
ventilation, as does painting in a large
part. I believe there is something in what
Mr. TheOmann says. Certain it is that un-
painted hives are better ventilated than
painted ones. If, however, hives are
painted white, they would absorb less of
the sun's beat in summer, and so the combs
would be less likely to melt down than
they would in the darker unpaiuted hives.

I am free to say, that were it not for
looks, I should think it wiser to use un-
painted hives. Surely, paint does not pre-
serve the wood enough better to pay for the
expense.

The same is true of our buildings; yet I
paint my buUdings, and keep them well
painted. This gives an appearance of thrift
and neatness that is pleasant to me and to
all passers-by.

My sugar house in my maple bush is off
from the road in the woods, and is not
painted.— A. J. Cook.

Sloving: Bees. — Samuel Wilson, of
Cosby, Tenn., propounds these questions:

I desire to move my bees about June 1,
to a better field, and would like to have
these questions answered in the Ameiucan
Bee JouiiSAi, :

1. Would it not be better to move them
on a light night!

3. Would you tack wire cloth over the
entrances, or entirely close the entrances'

3. Would you tack wire-cloth over the
entire top of the hives?

4. Do you put them two tiers high, and
if you do, how high must the second be
raised above the first tier! The road to
move them over is very rough and rocky.

Samuel Wilsox.

Our reply to the several questions is as
follows:

1. Any time when the bees are not flying
wUl do.

2. Tack wire cloth over the entrances.

3. Fasten the frames so they cannot
slide together and kill the bees ; then tack
muslin over the frames.

4. Yes. Raise the upper tiers by putting
inch strips of wood across them.

Secure the load well so that there will be
no danger of shifting.

Vienna Congress.— The Secretary
of Agriculture is in receipt of a communi-
cation from his Excellency, Chevalier von
Tavera, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary of Austria-Hungary to the
United States, advising him of an Interna-
tional Agricultural Congress to be held in
Vienna in conjunction with the Agricul-
tural Exhibition which is to take place
there this summer, and enclosing copies of
the programme for said Congi-ess. The
programme indicates that the Congress
wiUmeet during the first days of Septem-
ber, 1890.

Inasmuch as the programme suggests
that applications for membership must be
received by the Committee before the end
of April, and as the time therefore is very
short, the Secretaiy of Agriculture tenders
Ids good offices to secure membership for
ihose whose applications cannot reach
Vienna before the date mentioned, pro-
vided they will forward the same with the
necessary enclosure to him.

Floorers tliat Have Odors.— It is

surprising that among the innumerable
varieties of specimens found in the floral
kingdom, there are so few that possess any
fi'agrance whatever, to add to their attrac-
tiveness. It has been discovered that of
4,200 kinds of flowers which grow in
Europe, only 420— one in ten — are odorifer-
ous. The white flower is most common,
there being 1,194 kinds of that; and less
than one-fifth of these are fragrant. Of the
951 kinds of yellow flowers, 77 are ordor-
iferous; of the 823 kinds of red ones, 31
have odors; and of the 308 violet-blue
kinds, only 13. Of the 140 kinds with
combined colors, but 38 are fragrant. It
would be interesting to know just how
many of the flowers visited by bees, emit
any odors. Here is a delightful field of
investigation for students of botany.

Cuckoo Ilees. — An account of these
Insects, as seen in some Indiana apiaries,
is given in the following paragraphs from
an exchange :

At a meeting of the Hamilton County
(Ind.) Bee Keepers' Society, complaint was
made of a little black bee which robbed
apiaries, in portions of Indiana.

Advice was given to re-queen colonies,
and close the entrances of the hives thus
troubled. But the members said they had
tried that, and the robbers still ran in, and
the best colonies did not refuse them : that
they even came in streams, pouring into the
hive.

Much interest was once shown in the
matter, and in the discussion which fol-
lowed several declared they had seen it
"hatch "from a cell in a hive of Italian
bees. This seemed impossible, unless it
was simply a hybrid.

The Chairman then wrote to Prof. Cook,
who reported that he thought it must be a
sort of solitary insect (as the description
sent him said that strong efforts to tree
them had failed), they did not cluster like
bees. This was reported to the Society,
but they wanted more definite information,
and went to a colony close by and secured
two specimens, which were sent to Prof.
Cook, who said that they were probably
what are called " cuckoo bees." They lay
their eggs in the cells of other bees, and
allow the foster-mother to hatch and feed
them. Our bees do not fight them.

The "cuckoo bees" have no pollen -
baskets, and do not gather honey, but
depend upon the tooled foster-mother to
warm and care for the young. The Society
has reports of damage from it east and
west, as far as their membership goes ; but
south and southwest, it has not been
recognized, even by those having 75 to 100
colonies.

Prof. Cook mentions these robbers— the
cuckoo bees— in his excellent Manual of the
Apiary, on pages 39 to 34. They belong
to the family of Apid;e, but they are "the
black sheep" of that family.

KCKs-aclIy !— A correspondent who

signs himself "Goshen," asks this question:

In your opinion, would it be preferable,
when mentioning the different eggs laid by
a fertile queen, to use the terms " egg
queens," " egg drones," and " egg workers,"
as suggested by Prof. John Phin, iu his
"Dictionary of Practical Apiciilture," in
stead of queen eggs, drone eggs, and
worker eggs »

While the general adoption of the terms
may not be realized, we agree with Prof-
Phin, when he says, "the tenns egg queens,
egg workers, and egg drones express the
facts precisely."

Arbor Uay. — The Secretary of Agri-
culture has issued a circular. No. 5 of the
Forestry Divisiou, giving instructions on
tree -planting for purposes of Aj-bor Day.
The circular, which is a reprint of one com-
piled last year by Prof. B. E. Fernow, Chief
of that Division, is intended primarily for
use in Eastern States, but the general
principles stated to be observed in the
choice of trees, the treatment before trans-
planting, the method of planting and after-
care are applical>le everywhere, the only
difference for otherregions being the choice
of season, and of kinds to be planted. Send
to him for a copy. Address, Hon. J. M.
Rusk, Washington, D. C. Plant lindens
everytime.

Fruit Prospect.— We are not scared

about the fruit outlook for this season,
whatever the reports from elsewhere. The
buds are yet all right, and if nothing un-
foreseen happens, no late frost like that of
last year, no hail, etc., we will not be likely
to go without fruit this season. We know
the scare is great all over the continent, but
the damage is hardly ever quite as serious
as it has the appearance at first.— Populor
Garden.

Convention Notices.

ijW- The ne.xt meeting of the Carohna Bee-Keep-
erlf Association will be held in Charlotte N. C, on
Thursday, July 17, I8i)0. N. P. I.i LES, sec.

meeting of the Northern Illinois

' Frank Leslie's Illustrated News-
paper" last week presents six pages illus-
trative of the disaster at Louisville, Ky.
The i>ictures ai'e full of interest.

5^" The spring
^S^:'g^te^1??l!\^r??'vaii^in^,^:Maya^h,

meet at the residence
., on May 20tt
D. A. FDLLEK. Sec.

lf*no.

tS^ The next regular meeting of the ^outhwes-
tera Wisconsin Bee-Keepers Association will be
Uold at Boscobel.Wis., on Thursday, May J. isao.
at 10 a.m.

BENJ. B. RICE, Sec.

SW The 12th annual session of the Texas State
Be^Kecpers' ABsoclation, will be held at Green-
?l^fe Hu?it CO., Texas, on May 7 '^S^VS^'^l.Se"
terested are invited. •'• N. Uunteu. Sec.

U^-Thespringmeeting of the Capital Bei^Keepers'
AfSTciation, will be held, in the Supervistjr s Room
of the Court llouso at ypnngtiold. Ills., at lU a.m.,
on-aavT 1S90. The following subjects will be dis-
cSs?cd' ■••Production and Care of Comb Honey,'' by
"as A. Stone; •■Prevention of Aftx-r-^warms" by A.
lewis; and ••Creating a Home Market.
Riibbins. All interested are
attend.

of Comb Honey," by
ais," by A.

by G. F.

ordially invited to
C E. rocoJi, Sec.

T-mm mimmmi^mM mmm jqwrvhs.!^.

201

Uce-K«-cpine' in %Vii.>>liiii;;lon.—

Mr. .John Boerstler, Vashon, AVasU , writes
as follows iu relation to Wasbingtou as a
bee-couiitry :

Vasiion, Wash., Jau 25, 1890.
The enclosed is taken from the weekly
Piiyt-IiitcUigcwci' of Seattle, Wash., and
shows what Mr. A. C. Allen thinks about
bees in Washington. His location is not
over 60 miles from where I am living, and
I think that I shall .soon know more about
the bee-pasturage. I do not want to make
any guess-work about it when I report, for
this is a new country, and not settled as
thickly as in some other parts of Washing-
ton, but I think that we stand a good
chance for a bee-country, as the winters
are mild, and the seasons long. I had too
many swarms to get much honey last year,
but my 5 colonies yielded .$15 in honey,
bees and swarms. I'have lost 3 of them by
being queenless, and 2 from not having
honey enough to winter on. I think the
others are all right, on the summer stands,
protected with -1-inch cushions.

John Boek.stleu.

Here is a part of the article referred to
by Mr. Boerstler. and published in the Post
IntcUhjenccr:

The honey resources in the country are
good. Early in the spring the flowers
begin to bloom. The chick-weed and other
small plants begin to bloom in February
and March. The wild plum and a great
many other plants also bloom in succession
until about the Hrst of April. The soft
maple blossom, which is a good flower for
yielding both nectar and honey, blooms
early. Nest is the vine maple, which the
pioneer so much dreads to clear from oft"
his homestead. In my opinion it is the
greatest honey-yielder of any flower of its
size under the sun when everything is
favorable.

I have seen the nectar hanging in drops
from the beauti-ful little cluster of flowers,
and taken my knife-blade and gathered
drops sufficient to get a good taste of vine-
maple honey. During a warm, dry spring
there are tons of vine-maple hones' that go
to waste because there are not bees enough
to gather it all. Next comes the white
clover, which blossoms all summer, but has
greatest amount of honey during the month
of June. In the latter part of the .summer
the hardback, fire-weed, golden-rod, asters,
and many smaller plants, both wild and
cultivated, bloom until frost. I sow buck-
wheat for my bees, and I find the silver-
hull the poorest grain yielder, but the best
honey-plant of any that I have tried. 1 am
at present cultivating several other plants
for the purpose of ascertaining their honey
productiveness. The bee-balm and catnip
is very good.

Last year the Commissioner of Agricul-
ture sent me a package of the Chapman
honey-plant seed, which I planted, and it
bloomed the first of July, this year, and
continued to bloom for about four weeks.
The honey oozes out of the bloom, and 1
have seen five bees on one ball at the same
time. This plant is of the thistle family,
and is called the " ball thistle " in Europe.
It is a perennial plant, and has a seed very
much like a grain of rye. I am sure it will
pay very much to cultivate it for the honey
alone.

Though we may have to cultivate more
plants, I am confident it will pay to keep
bees in this country. Bees are one of the
essentials in fruit-growing. Every well-
infonned horticulturist knows that if the
weather is so the bees cannot work on the
flowers to fertilize them, the crop is a
partial, if not a total, failure.

A. C. Allen.

Distiiigiiisliiii;; ■>iirc Italian I{cc§
and llyitriclN.

Written liyr the AmeritMn Bee Journal

Query 702.— 1. What constitutes :i piin^
Italian bee ? or how can one be (iistiriftiiislied
by its marking? ;.>. How can a hybrid lie ilist in-
guishod?— X. Y. Z.

See Prof. Cook's article on the different
races, on page 39.— H. 1). Cutting.

1. See my essay read at the Michigan
State Bee-Keepers' Convention on page 39.
2. The workers do not all show the three
bands. — A. J. Cook.

1. The bees in the hive should (ill have
three yellow bands. 2. At least some of
the bees will have less than three yellow
bands. — C. C. Millek.

1. One that has three well-marked yellow
bands. 2. If you refer to queens, they
must in addition, produce all well-marked
workers and drones.— C. H. Dibbehn.

1 . The Italian bee is a thoroughbred— not
a pure race. The yellow bands, on the
abdomen of all the workers, is the test
given. 2. By a part of the bees being yel-
low, and a part black.— G. M. Doolittle.

1. One that has only pure Italian "blood,"
and has three yellow liands. All bees with
three yellow bands are not pure Italians.
2. All hybrids cannot be distinguished
from pure ones. A hybrid may be black,
or have one, two or three yellow bands. —
A. B. Mason.

1. Three distinct golden bands, adhering
tenaciously to the combs, and "bouncing"
the moth-worm with neatness and dispatch.
2. By its darker color, dimness of the
bands, and, usually, by its lack of amia-
bility.—Mrs. L. Hahrison.

The three yellow bands on all of the
workers are reliable, as a rule. If many are
seen with only one or two bands, they luay
be hybrids, and show an ugly temper. Pure
Italian bees, if rightly handled, are not
vicious. — G. L. Tinker.

1. One whose ancestors on both sides
have been bred from pure stock. The
markings are three or four distinct yellow
bands. 2. As many hybrids will have
three yellow bands, it is only by inspecting
the parent colony that we can detect them.
— J. M. Hambaugu.

1. One that comes fi'om Italy, or one
bred from pure Italians. I doubt if they
can always be distinguished by their mark-
ings. Popularly, they are supposed to
show three yellow liands. S. I do not be-
lieve that they can be always. I cannot
alwaj's tell a "grade" from a pure-bred
short-horn. — Eugene Secoh.

I have had colonies undoubtedly crosses
between the Italian and the black races,
which the best of judges would have un-
hesitatingly pronounced fine pure Italians,
but such crosses can generally be distin-
guished by their color. I think it impossible
to distinguish pure Italians with certainty.
— R. L. Taylor.

1. A pure Italian bee is one that has no
impure " blood." One can be distinguished
by " faith " and plenty of yellow bands. 2.
A hybrid can be recognized by a " lack of
faith" and alack of the yellow bands, pro-
vided there is a gi-eat destitution of color.
Of course, you cannot tell whether the
Italian is mixed with Carniolan, German or
what all. — James Heiukin.

Pure Italian workers are distinguished by
having the three segments of the abdomen

next to the thorax, of a color from a dark
leather to a bi'iglit yeUow. Tliese three
yellow rings are very conspicuous when the
abdomen is distended. They are less promi
neut in very young and in very old bees.
Hybrids only show one or two of the rings
when the abdomen is distended.— J. P. H.
Brow.n.

1. Bees that are very quiet when hand-
led; that hold tenaciously to their combs;
that fight robbers and bee-moth to the
death; that thrive when common bees
perish, and carry uniformly three yellow
bands, are called pure Italian bees. 2.
Hybrids are not like the above, although
they may show from one to four bands of
yellow in the .same colony.— J. M. SuucK.

1. A pure Italian worker-bee is the
progeny of a queen whose whole worker
progeny will show three distinct yellow
bands on the abdomen, when they are filled
with nectar. 2. A hybrid may, or may
not, have three distinct bands, and w^e can
only decide on purity by e-xamining all the
bees of a colony. If a queen produces a
colony, a part of which shows two bands, a
part one band, and a part three bands,
such bees are all hybrids (so-called), al-
though some may show three bands. — J. E.
Pond.

1. Of course, a pure Italian bee is one
that has no mixture of alien "blood." It
is not possible to tell, in all cases, whether
Italian bees are absolutely pure or not. A
colony that is uniform in color and mark-
ings, all the workers having not less than
three yellow bands, is probably pure. But
all pure Italians are not uniformly marked.
3. If the marking and color are ii-regular,
the bees are probably not pure. " Hybrid "
is an unscientific and incorrect term. There
are no " hybrid " bees, any more than there
are " hybrid " horses, cattle and sheep.— M.
Mahin.

1. A pure Italian bee is a bee that has
been purely bred from stock imported from
Italy. The stock must be such as were
evolved there by nature, uncontaminated
by any of the modern crosses. After their
importation to this country, where they are
likely to mix with the common black race,
we say that a pure Italian bee when young
and iu good health, must show three yellow
bands around her abdomen. But it there
is a mi.xture of "blood" from the Cyprian
or Syrian races, we are left "at sea." 2.
A hybrid colony is known by their mixed
color. Some of the bees will look like Ital-
ians; others like hybrid bees, and with
intermediate markings. — G. W. Demaree.

Iloucy as an "Eye-Water."—

Among the various excellent uses of honey
is that of a remedy for sore eyes, or eyes
that may be affected in any disagreeable
way. The following paragraph, from the
Breeders' Oazettc, evidently given in reply
to a question about sore eyes in a horse,
may be suggestive to our readers, many of
whom are interested in horses:

I would suggest that a few drops of pure
honey be dropped into the horse's eyes
dail.v, or twice daily. It can do no harm,
and I have known some remarkable cures
by using honey alone. Let one person hold
the horse's head, and turn it a little to one
side, while another opens one lid and drops
in a few drops of honey. It may effect a
cure. I think it worthy of a triai with any
eye in horse or ox that is sore from any
cause. If the honey is too thick to run
freely, it can be warmed a little, which will
thin it so that it will flow freely, but care
should be taken not to heat it to more than
blood heat. New honey will not require
heating.

262

TMm msMmmi^Mm mmm 3®'&m'hme^,

comi

VISITINa.

An Account of a Tour Among
tlie Bee-Fi'iilcrnity.

Written for the American BeeJau/mai

BV KEV. WM. F. CLARKE.

The kind " personal" on page 211,
referring to my little visit with the
Editor when in Chicago the other day,
calls for a word or two of correction
and explanation from me. I am spoken
of as President of the Ontario Bee-
Keepers' Association, which is not
quite correct. I had the honor of
filling that office last year, but my
term expired in January, and the chair
is now occupied, and most deservedly,
by Mr. Allen Pringle, one of our ablest
Canadian bee-keepers — a highly intelli-
gent, scholarly man, a good speaker,
and a forceful writer. I wish he were
better known to the bee-keeping fra-
ternity, and I trust he will be, l)ut he
is a modest, retiring man — needs push-
ing, to get him before the public.

Then as to that " crutch." It is a
rather pathetic picture of me which is
presented, and suggests, "Pity the
sorrows of a poor old man." It was,
however, a true picture at the time,
for, owing to a fall 1 got in the early
part of my journey, I was compelled
to obtain a crutch after my arrival in
Chicago, and, much to my chagrin,
had to go on it the rest of mj' tour ;
but, I am glad to say, I have been able
to dispense with it since my return.
The sciatica, and need of a cane, still
remain.

Mj' trip took me first to the annual
meeting of the Western Ontario Bee-
Keepers' Association, which was held
on March 13, at Essex Centre — a brisk
little town 17 miles east of Detroit.
Though the roads were at their worst,
we had a fair attendance, and some
interesting discussions. The members
of this body are an enterprising, pro-
gi-essive class of bee-keepers.

It may surprise the readers of the
American Bee Journal, to learn that
one of the topics discussed at this
meeting was the honey exhibit to be
made at the World's Fair in 1892. We
Canadians are a unit in favor of Chi-
cago for that great event. Foreigners
cannot see America by visiting New
York. That's only Gotliam. To see
the continent that Columbus discov-
ered, people must, at least, go as far
west as Chicago.

I must congratulate the American
Bee Journal and its enterprising pro-
prietors on their removal to the centre

of the city, and on the commodious
([uarters now occupied b}' them. I
always felt it a long pilgrimage, even
by street-cars, to 925 West Madison
Street. It meant two hours time, going
and returning, when your business lay,
as it usually does, in the heart of the
city. The office is now within 100
numbers of its original location, when
I removed it from Washington to Chi-
cago, in 1872. It was then 146 East
Madison Street. It is now 24t), on the
same side of the street. I see onlj'
one objection to the present spot, viz :
Being easily accessible, it may be fre-
quented by bee-men of leisure, who
happen to be in Chicago, and do not
know the value of a city man's time.
A hint to such may not come amiss.

" Call upon a man of business;

In hours of business ;

Only on business;

Transact your business,

And go about your business;

In order to give him time, to attend to bis

business."

If the only objects of the call are to
see the Editor, shake him by the hand,
speak a cheery word, and see where
the American Bee Journal is con-
cocted— that's the " business " of the
occasion ; do it, and depart, leaving
the Editor aforesaid in a happy frame
of mind, and firmly persuaded that
you are a person possessed of some
common-sense. I may add (but friend
Newman can skip this), that he used
to be a good-looking fellow before La
Grippe got hold of him ; but he has
evidently had a severe mauling by that
mysterious visitor, and the barber, uo
doubt thinking they did not match his
haggard visage, has cut oft' the beauti-
ful, twirling ends of his mustache,
giving his face a very shorn and
shrunken appearance. Seriously, and
with fraternal sympathy, let me say,
that family affliction, as well as La
Grijipe, has ploughed furrows in liis
countenance. All who read this will
join in the hope that the shadows may
soon betake themselves from his house-
hold, his hollow cheeks fill up, his
mustache assume its former jaunty
curves of manly beauty, and "Rich-
ard" be "himself .again !"

But I must get on with my tour. In
returning, I spent a day witli Mr. Hed-
don, who, fortunately for me, was
"under the weather," and obliged to
stay in the house, not having fully es-
caped from the clutches of La Gripjic.
He is such a busy man when quite
well, that one can only talk with him
by jerks. Owing to that plaguy crutch,
aforesaid, I couldn't run around with
him to the bee-yard, work-shop. Times''
office, and others of his haunts. At
home, I had Iiim pretty mucli to ni}'-
self all the time that I was there, and
did not have to take him "on the
fly."

Well, Mr. Heddon looked quite hag-
gard, too, and not unlike that first
picture of him that appeared in tlie
laee-papers, and which, he thought,
made him look like a " live corpse."
But he, like friend Newman, will
doubtless get back his good looks in
time, and become "killing" again.

The greater part of the talk two
bee-men have when they get together,
is unreportable for a variety of rea-
sons, and I can only touch on a few
topics that we discussed, viz :

Wintering Bees. — I think the les-
sons of the past winter have made Mr.
Heddon incline to a better opinion of
out-door wintering. He frankly ad-
mitted that his out-door colonies have
done by far the best during the past
winter. The cellar-wintered colonies
show some signs of diarrhea, but the
out-door ones are entirely free from it.
Of course, the season has been an ex-
ceptional one, but I would like to see
Mr. Heddon become a complete con-
vert to the out-door method, if for no
other reason, because I am satisfied it
is one of the many good points of his
new hive, that, being shallow, it econ-
omizes heat. For the same reason it is
a good hive for spring, being favorable
for early brood-rearing. 1 have win-
tered rather weak colonies out-of-doors
in the half brood-chamber, and had
them come out stronger in the spring
than they were in the fall.

The New Hive. — Judging by the
testimonies given in his circular, which
I read just before starting on my tour,
my own experience and observation,
together with what I gleaned from Mr.
Heddon himself, I am of the opinion
that the new hive will be popular only
with a select class of bee-keepers. It
requires a nicety of mechanical con-
struction which few bee-keepers can
attain who make their own hives, as I
suppose the majority do. It does not
admit of any slouchy, go-as-you-please
management. Not much manipula-
tion of it is needed, but it must be
done just so, and in the nick of time.
The bee-keei^er who uses it must be
quick to see at a glance the state of
things, know by instinct what is to
be done, and do it right there and
then. I frankly own that my chief
reason for liking the new hive, is that
I prefer to hantlle hives instead of
frames.

The Thick Toi>-Bars. — Mr. Heddon
showed me some old, weather-worn
fi'ames, with thick top-bars — relics of
the " long ago." 1 have some myself.
The}' were used in the Thomas hive,
which I had as far back as 1864. I
did not find them eftectual preventives
of brace-comb building. The close
honey-board placed just above them
with only a bee-space between them,
was often fastened with comb along

TMw mmimmic^mm mmm j^ismnmi^.

263

almost the entire siirfatc, and came
oft' rajj'ged with fractureil comb, re-
<iuinng a lot of scraping before it
could be put down again. The slatted
honej'-board will obviate this, but so it
will with a tliin top-bar. I would have
the top-bar thick enough to prevent
sagging— no more. There are fash-
ions in bee-keeping as well as in dress,
and ever the old styles come up again,
and are looked upon by the younger
people as the latest novelties, whereas
the veterans know that they are the
old styles "made new."

The Bee-Escapes. —I was describing
three samples of those I saw in the
Bee JOUKN4L oBice, and expressed the
opinion that they were too labyrinthine,
and required too much cuteness on the
part of the bees in order to get out.
My notion of a bee-escape is, that it
should rather tempt and coax the
bees to get out, and make it difficult
for them to go in. I was glad to find
that Mr. Heddon agreed with me.

Selp-Hivers. — I doubt their uniform
working according to the doctor's or-
ders. So doe.s Mr. Heddon. But, no
doubt, man}' of them will be tried the
coming season, and "we shall see
whftt we shall see."

Specialism in Bee-Keeping. — Mr.
Heddon's faith in this is unshaken.
When I told him that Mr. Hall had
been led bj' the stern logic of three
poor seasons to contemplate combin-
ing something else with bee-keeping,
he merely said, "He'll rue it."

Mr. Heddon is full of electricity —
he always was, for that matter, but I
mean he is full of the science. His son
William has become an expert in prac-
tical electricity, and it has switched
liim oft" from bee-keeping, so that his
father loses liis best helper among the
bees. William has charge of the elec-
tric lighting system in Dowagiac, which,
for the uses of a small town, is the
best I have seen. The incandescent
lights are now in operation in Dow-
agiac, and I own that I was surprised
to note the illuminating eftects pro-
duced by 100 such insignicant-looking
lamps. The arc lights being so high
up, there is a good deal of waste sky-
wai'd, where, until people learn how
to fly, artificial light is not needed.
Mr. Heddon's house is lit up through-
out with these incandescent lamps, and
it is very nice to be able to ignite or
put them out by the simple turn of a
button.

From Dowagiac I went to Flint,
where I have a son living, who has
charge of the Armstrong Manufactur-
ing Works — a branch of similar works
in Guelph. It is one of the beauties
of our international tarift", that an in-
ventor in this country must either sell
liis patent to some one in the United

States, or go there and start a similar
enterprise. The branch in Flint is
bigger than the parent tree in Guelph,
and so we lose the inflow of capital
which might, and ought, to come here,
if the frowning customs wall did not
shut it out.

Of course, I called to see Mr. Hutch-
inson, but could only make a short
visit. I found him in his shirt-sleeves,
busily at work in his printing-office,
where he is editor, foreman, composi-
tor, and devil. The oflice is connected
with the sitting-room by one of those
draped archways, which are " all the
go " now-a-days. I saw Mrs. H. and
the olive-branches. (N. B., one of
them is an Ivy. ) Their home must be
a very pleasant place in summer. The
cosy family air inside would indicate
that it is pleasant in-doorsall the time.
Mr. H. looked well. The "grip" has
dealt more gently with him, than with
most of its victims.

We talked mainly of the Meview, and
I gave him "free gratis" my opinion
of it, which cannot, in full, be quoted
here. But this much I may say, that,
in its establishment, Mr. H. has shown
a vast amount of tact and pluck ; that
it has made a niche for itself ; and
that, like the new Heddon hive, it will
attract only a select class of bee-keep-
ers. Alone, it would not fill the bill,
but is a valuable supplement to our
bee-literature. It is an addendum
rather than a rival to other bee-peri-
odicals. It has evidently come to
stay, as it is past the critical stage,
and is beginning to pay fairl}' well.
Mr. H. is at home very much as he is
at conventions, all eyes and ears, but
says little. He looks you all over and
through, draws you out with leading
questions, and forms his own mental
conclusions. He makes me think of
Burns' couplet :

" A chiel's among" ye, takin' notes.
An' faith, he'll print 'em !"

I do not know whether he got any-
thing worth having out of me, but I
know that I did not get much out of
him, and I felt pumped-like when I
left. He is a pleasant, genial fellow
whom you cannot help liking, whether
or no. But the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal will be saying,
"That Clarke's as long-winded as
ever." So I'll quit, right hei-e.

Guelph, Out.

The IBeport of the proceedings of the
20th annual session of the International
American Bee-Association contains, besides
the interesting report, the new songs and
music then used, and engravings of the
present officers as well as the retiring ones.
In all, it contains 36 pages. It is for sale
at this office. The price is 35 cents, post-
paid.

BEE-ESCAPES.

A CompariNon of tlic Horizontal
Bce-E§cape!$.

Written for the American Bee Journal
BY C. H. DIBBERN.

The horizontal bee-escape ! Much
has been said, and many misleading
articles have been written, and pub-
lished, as to the inventor of this style
of bee-escapes. On page 798, of the
American Bee Journal for Dec. 14,
1889, I published the first description
with a cut, though a poor one, of my
horizontal bee-escape, and as far as I
know, it was the first description of a
horizontal escape ever published.

Of course, as I had anticipated, a
number of modifications of this inven-
tion soon appeared. Now if bee-keep-
ers will carefully examine these vari-
ous escapes, and compare them with
my published patterns, thej' will readily
see that they are but modifications of
mine.

Mr. Reese, on page 231, says that I
claim the horizontal arrangement un-
der a hole in a board, and in the liee-
space, etc. Now no one knows better
than Mr. Reese, that I have a right to
make this claim, as I sent him the first
diagram and description of such a de-
vice that he ever saw. Not only do I
claim the escape in a bee-space, but in
the thickness of the board, only \ or f
of an inch thick ; and what is still bet-
ter, one that is instantly removable
from the top, without taking off the
board, or disturbing the bees. If Mr.
Reese will examine the model sent
him, which he pronounces good, he
will see that it is just that kind of an
escape, and is not placed in the bee-
space at all.

I have not much to say about Mr.
Reese's last escape, as it is patterned
after my No. 4 ; it is not so bad, only
he nails it in a board, where it is to
remain when used as an inner cover
to worry and annoy the bees. We are
consoled, however, by the assurance
that we can scald, or build little fires,
and burn the propolis oft' the escapes
which the bees will be sure to put
there. I think that Mr. R. has his out-
lets to the escape too small, being only
about the size of a lead-pencil.

I also take exception to Mr. R's
statement, that testing escapes by
means of feeding or robbing, really
proves nothing. There are no bees so
persistent as roljbing bees, and when I
place the escape, reversed, on a hive
that is being robbed by thousands of
bees, and in an hour find that robbing
has entirely stopped, I am satisfied
that no bees can find their way back
through the escape.

26i

T'H® MBt^Rie-arH mWM J0''PK1*-MI^.

The only other point on which any
question can be raised, as to the per-
fect working of these escapes, is
whether they will sufficiently draw the
bees down to the main hive, or under
super. We experimented last season
with small cones placed in one-inch
holes, and found no trouble. Our
standard escape has as great capacity
for allowing bees to pass tlirough as
the old style Reese escape, and as it is
provided with wing guides, we are
certain that there will be no difficulty
on this point.

Of course, the horizontal escape can
be made in many forms, and as a
curiosity I send to the Bee Journal
office my latest design ; I do not think
that this is any improvement on my
No. 4 outlet escape, as I doubt if it
can be much improved, only we want
it in the Museum of the American Bee
Journal, as some of these days some
one will be claiming it as a spang new
invention.

I am glad to see this matter thor-
oughly discussed, many designs being
brought out, and bee-keepers will cer-
tainly be greatly benefited.

Milan, Ills.

[Mr. Dibbern's latest design of bee-
escape is received, and has been placed
in our Museum, with the date printed
on it. — Ed.]

^♦■^

SHIPPING-CRATES.

The Size of Crates for Sliippiiig;
Comb Honey.

Written for tJic American Dee Journal

BY DR. C. C. MILLER.

It is a dangerous thing to run
athwart any opinion with C. F. Muth's
name attached — not on account of the
belligerent character of the man, but
because he has had a wide experience,
and is not likelj' to advance any opin-
ion that he cannot well substantiate.
Nevertheless, some tlungs may be said
in reply to what is said about shipping-
crates on page 214.

It is not certain that just what is
best for the Cincinnati market, is best
for all markets. Mr. Muth has suc-
ceeded in popularizing granulated ex-
tracted honej' in his market, so that it
is preferred, if I mistake not ; while it
is well known that in some other mar-
kets granulation hinders sales. If in
any market a large part of the honey
is sold to private families by the crate,
then a 12-pound crate is better than
anything larger, and in some places I
suspect that a 6-pound crate would be
still more salable. But in some mar-
kets, the amount of honey sold to
families direct by the crate, is scarce!}'

worth considering, and so the markets
may differ.

I first shipped honey in 30-pound
crates, double-tier, and I believe that
I never used anything larger. Then I
came down to the double-tier 24-pound
crate, and I thought it an improve-
ment. Later still, I adopted the 12-
pound crate, and was surprised to find
that my commission man was not en-
thusiastic at the change. He said that
the retail grocer, in many cases, was
inclined to buy a little at a time, and,
when out of hone}', he would buj' but
a single crate. If the crates held only
12 pounds, instead of 24, it was double
the trouble to keep such a customer
supplied throughout the season, and,
moreover, he would hardly sell as
much honey, because ofteuer allowing
himself to get out of stock. He said,
" It's just as easy to sell 24 pounds to
a grocer as 12."

While I think of it, I will mention
an incident that Mr. Muth might have
used to help his cause : I once shipped
him a lot of honey in double-tier crates.
In transferring from one car to another
the railroad hands placed tlie crates in
the car glass side down ! Possibly they
thought that when so placed, there
would be no danger of any one step-
ping on the glass and breaking it.
The condition of the honey may be
imagined. It was no little to Mr.
Muth's credit that he saved me from
heavy lo.ss by it. But if the honey had
been in single-tier crates, their shape
would probably have saved them from
such blundering placing.

' ' A heavy crate is invariably set
down heavy." Yes, but does Mr. Mutli
not know that railroad hands do not
handle 12-pound crates singly ? That
has been the general rule when I have
seen them handling honey, and if two
12-pound crates are taken at a time,
will they not be set down just as
heavily as one 24-pound crate ? The
lighter the crates, the better for hand-
ling, so long as they are not so light
that two will be taken at a time.

Mr. Muth saj'S : "By far the most
practical, the safest in transit, the most
salable, and the cheapest of all ship-
ping-crates, are those containing 12
one-pound sections."

Why " safest in transit ?" Because
if one section is placed on another, its
weiglit endangers the section below.
Well, but I do not have one section
resting on anotlier, although I use
double-tier, 24-pound crates — each tier
contains 12 sections, two wooden par-
titions of J-inch stuff dividing the
lower tier into three apartments, and
on these two partitions rests a middle
or false bottom of }-inch stuff' to sup-
port the upper tier, which is again
divided into three parts. Thus I liave
practically four sections in a box,

making my crates just as safe in tran-
sit as the 12-pound crates.

But why " cheapest ?" I have never
known two 12-pound crates to be
bought for as little money as a 24-
pound crate.

As to " the most salable," I have
already spoken. It depends somewhat
upon the market, and I may mention
one particular in which the double-
tier crates have the advantage in any
market. Suppose the double-tier to
have — as I think they should have —
two pieces of glass of just the same
size as those used in the single-tier
crates, there being a middle bar be-
tween the two pieces of glass. Now
pile up side by side a pile of 12-pound
single-tier crates, and a pile of double-
tier 24-pound crates, and the 12-pound
ci'ates will have from 30 to 40 per cent,
more wood in sight than the other.
The more glass, the more honey in
sight, and the more salable. Twelve-
pound crates may be best for Cincin-
nati, Ijut I think not for all markets.

Marengo, Ills.

WINTERING BEES.

Little Known About tiie Causes
of Loss in Winter.

Written tor the Amerir/m Bee Journal
BY A. C. TYRREL.

After many years of experiment and
observation, I have come to the con-
clusion (though somewhat reluctantly,
it must be confessed) that as yet we
know little or nothing about the causes
that so often deplete entire colonies of
bees, those suffering the most, nine
times in ten, in my apiary, being those
going into winter quarters with tlie
largest amount of stores, largest num-
ber of bees, and, apparently, in tlie
most healthy condition.

Many causes have been advanced to
account for severe winter losses,
among others being the pollen and
honey-dew theories. Last season in
this locality, honey-dew was plentiful
— in fact, nearly all the box-elder trees
fairl}' glistened with a thick sweet sub-
stance for a long time, the bees liter-
ally covering the trees while it lasted,
but strange (?) to saj', mj' bees never
wintered better. Every colony at this
writing is alive, and has remained in
a passive condition since Nov. 17. It
is impossible to find two quarts of dead
bees in 32 colonies.

The weather has been changeable at
times, many days the thermometer in-
dicating {iO'3 below zero; at other
times, as many degrees above.

In preparing the bees for winter,
last fall, I did not deviate to any ex-
tent from former plans, simply placing
two or three thicknesses of burlap over

TM® MiyiERICKlH BEEE JQ-IIHH»1L.

265

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the brood-frames, and shutting in the
bees by tacking wire-cloth over the en-
trances to the liives.

THE CAUSE, OBSOCKCE, OF HONEY-DEW.

Heretofore there has been a differ-
ence of opinion respecting honey-dew,
some maintaining that it falls from the
heavens ; others say that it is excre-
ment from insects. My observations
last year confirm the latter theory, for
those trees covered with slugs or lice,
and those only, produced the so-called
hone3"-dew.

My wife has a large running-vine in
the house, that, at one time, became
thickly covered with plant-lice.
Wherever thej' gathered in large num-
bers, a thick, sweet substance ap-
peared, which could not have dropped
from the clouds, and it is not honej-
dew, either.

Madison, Keb., April 1, 1890.

HIVES.

The Small Hives v§. Large Hives
-Wliicli?

Written for the American Bee Journal
BY A. J. FISHER.

On page 215, Mr. G. M. Doolittle
catls attention to this subject, which I
think is of considerable importance to
the larger mass of bee-keepers. After
thirty jears' experience as a bee-
keeper, I cannot endorse all he says in
regard to this matter. In reference to
the large hives not economizing heat
as well as the small ones, my experi-
ence has been directly to the contrar}',
in this way : that is, I claim, and have
proven repeatedly, that colonies in the
large hives will come through the win-
ter much stronger in bees and honey,
consequently they are enabled to
economize heat in the same proportion
as the small ones.

I have had hives containing 3,500 to
to 4.000 cubic inches, that did actually
flu up with bees, and would swarm as
soon (and often the first to swarm) as
those in hives of 1,728 to 2,000 cubic
inches, side by side ; and what nice,
large swarms these large colonies would
cast ! Then we do not have to be
continuallj' watching these large hives,
and feeding the bees to keep them
from starving to death, as we have to
di) with the small ones.

I wish to be understood right here,
that I do not vindicate the above to be
the correct size — 1 onlj- relate it to
show what has occurred in my experi-
ence. I believe it is universally ad-
mitted that the swarming propensity
can be more easily controlled in the
larger hives than in the small ones ;
and many of us are in great trouble

about the swarming fever — especially
Dr. Miller.

Again, in reference to those bees
that Mr. D. speaks of hatching in tlie
large hives at nearly the close of tlie
harvest, being only consumers, and no
profit to the lice-keeper— surely, are
not these very bees the ones that help
to lay the foundation for the success-
ful wintering of that colony, thereby
preparing it for the next harvest ?

In regard to this contraction busi-
ness, putting tlic queen oft' into a small
pen, where she cannot breed to her
full capacity — I am considerably in
doubt about the whole business, and
whether it will ever pay the large
majority of bee-keepers. This con-
tracting the queen into such small
space that she cannot exercise her
power in full, I look upon with the
same consistency as applying the
power of a ten-horse power steam-en-
gine upon the, work that could be ac-
complished with a two-horse power. 1
have yet to see the hive that ever had
too many bees, the jjroduction of one
queen, for profit.

I will venture to predict that these
small hives, with their contracting
machinerv, such as ai'e used by spe-
ialists, will never be generallj' used by
the large masses of bee-keepers. I
claim that a hive should be large
enough so that the queen maj^ have
room enough to develop her powers in
full, at all seasons of the yeaj', with
the additional room for the storage of
pollen, and an abundance of honey,
without feeding, to last from the close
of one harvest to the beginning of the
next; with bees in such a hive, which
will have early-gathered honej', that
will be well ripened and sealed long
before winter, I believe we would not
hear of the wholesale losses in winter-
ing that we now hear of.

I will here ask what this size shall
be. Quinby says 2,000 cubic inches ;
Langslroth says not less than 2,150
cubic inches ; Chas. Dadant and J. M.
Hambaugh say still larger than either
of the above, and I believe them to be
good authority. I am well aware that
Mr. Doolittle has good authority also
on his side of the question, neverthe-
less I do not feel that the question is
yet full}' settled in favor of the small
hive. I consider this an important
subject. The small-hive men appear
to be pretty numerous, and have
spoken their pieces well. I would now
ask the large-hive men to come for-
ward and speak their piece. It is a
subject that needs intelligent and prac-
tical discussion.

Any hive that is not large enough to
furnish the queen room enough to
breed to her full capacity, with addi-
tional room for the storage of an abun-
dance of honey to last the year

through, without resorting to the

sugar-barrel, I believe will never be
generally used by the larger numljcr of
bee-keepers. In my experience, these
large hives will stand the "tips and
downs " of bee-life much belter than
the small ones. I aiu well aware that
specialists can use a different hive
than those who are not ; Ijut we cannot
all be specialists. I would like to hear
from others.

East Liverpool, Ohio.

TRANSFERRING.

HoAV to Transfer Bees from Box-
Hives to inodern Ones.

WHlttn Jor tlie Ameritan Bee Journal
BY JULIUS J. PETTY.

Query 694, on page 197, asks advice
on transferring bees frorn box-hives
and re-queening the colonies at the
time of taansferring the bees. I have
transferred a great many colonies of
bees from the box-hives, and I will
give my plan of transferring.

The titiie of transferring is in May,
during apple-bloom, here in Kentuck}'.

I have all the tools convenient for
work, consisting of a bee-smoker
(Bingham's), hatchet, saw, table,
knife (or honey-knife), cold-chisel, a
bo.x to place over the hive for the bees
to go into, and the new hive.

I then give the bees a few puff's of
smoke at the entrance (to make them
fill themselves with honey), and wait
a few minutes. Returning to the hive,
and giving the bees a few more puff's
of smoke, I then invert the hive, place
a box over it. just the size of the hive,
and commence drumming on the otit-
side of the hive, to drive the bees up
into the box. i

Remove the old hive, and put the
box on the old stand, so that the out-
siders can go in. I then lift the hive
to the table, taking the hatchet and
cold-chisel to cut the nails so as to
take off' one side. I proceed to cut the
combs out of the hive, and lay them
on the table (on a piece of cloth) ;
place the frames over the combs, and
cut around the frame just the size of
the frame, and let the frame go down
over the combs. Now use the trans-
ferring clatups, or wrapping-twine, to
fasten them in the frames, hang the
frames (as yoti tie them) in the hive,
using all the combs with brood in
them.

If I have any pieces of comb with
brood left, lay them on top of the
frame, and let the brood hatch out,
(or use the Heddou plan.) Where
there is any crooked combs, cut a V-
groove along the combs, and then
press down on the combs to straighten
them. Place them in the frames, and

266

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after the bees have worked over the
combs, the bee-keeper caanot tell that
they were ever crooked. Use all of
the combs in the hive.

In about ten days the hives should
be examined, and if the combs are all
glued to the frames, remove all the
strings or clamps from the combs.

I would not advise re-queening a
colony of bees at the time of trans-
ferring. My way of doing this work,
is to wait about three weeks, and then
give the bees a new queen.

Independence, Ky.

FRAME-COVERS.

Simple Covers Made for Brood-
Clianibers of Hives.

Written for the American Bee Jownial
BY RANDOLPH GRADEN.

I have often seen items in the
American Bee Journal and other
bee-papers, describing covers for the
brood-chamber, some using enameled-
cloth, and others plain boards, etc. As
yet I have never seen the cover de-
scribed that I have used of late, still if
I had applied for a patent and made
any mention of it in the Bee Journal,
I doubtless would liave heard that it
had been in use for j-ears ! Still, I
really believe that it is, or has been, in
use, for it would seem very strange
that so simple a thing had never been
tried, or in use.

I notice that many use Hill's device
for putting on the frames in the win-
ter. If those same parties would use
the cover that I am about to describe,
they would need no other device for
laying upon the frames, to make a
passage for the bees ; neither would
those that use a board (that is, if the
board is properly made), but there is
an objection to the use of a plain board
alone, for when you want to examine
a colony, and it happens to be a little
cool, the board comes off with a snap,
that arouses the whole colony. As to
the enameled cloth, its most serious
objection is the accumulation of mois-
ture. Tlie cover which I have used of
late, and which I like very much, is
made as follows :

Take any thin board (I use soft,
porous lumber for mine), and cut it
one inch smallei- — that is. shorter and
narrower than the brood-chamber, and
make a hole in Iho centre, which is
used for different purposes — I use it in
feeding, etc., but it can be used for the
bee-escape.

Then take two T tins (I use strips
of zinc, as that is stronger) and bend
them L shaped, the short side of the
L to be just scant bee-space. Then I
have the L a little longer than the

board is wade, and lay the L shaped
strip upon the board, so that the longer
side of the L is on the board flat, hav-
ing it so that it projects a \ ox I inch
on each side of the board ; then cut the
zinc, that is, the side that lays flat to
the corner of the L, and lap it around
and against the other side, so as to
make the zinc stronger, and the same
length of the board in width.

Tack the zinc to the underside of the
board, so that the zinc L sets upon the
brood-frames vi^here there is the most
strength in the frames, so that there is
a bee-space between the board and the
brood-frames, for a passage for the
bees. The T tins will answer the same
purpose as the zinc strips.

Now put a strip of enameled cloth
all around the cover or board, so that
it will just cover the brood-chamber
the same as the ordinary emameled-
cloth covers, and it is complete. You
will see that you can lay the lap back
to peep into the hive, just the same as
with the enameled-cloth cover, and if
you twist it back and forth a little, it
can be taken *off as carefully as the
cloth cover. As the bees cannot stick
it fast to the tin or zinc, it will easily
loosen from the propolis ; and if the
strips of cloth are properly tacked on,
and the ends of the board cleated so
that it cannot warp, it makes a good,
strong cover for summer or winter.
Taylor Centre, Mich.

IOWA.

Report of llie Eastern Iowa
Bee-Kceper§' CoiiveiUioii.

Written for the American Bee Journal
BY FRANK COVERDALE.

On March 18, 1890, atDeWitt, Iowa,
was gathered a number of bee-keepers
of this (Clinton) and adjoining coun-
ties. The meeting was called to order
by J. M. Jacobs, who briefly stated the
object of the meeting to be the organi-
zation of a bee-convention. The fol-
lowing officers were elected for what
was named " The Eastern Iowa Bee-
Keepers' Association:" President, Wm.
Kimble ; Vice-President, J. M. Jacobs ;
Treasurer, L. J. Pearce— all being of
DeWitt ; and Secretary, Frank Cover-
dale, of Welton.

The Constitution and By-Laws of the
Progressive Bee-Keepers' Association
of Western Illinois were read and
adopted, with the amendment that the
oBicers always be elected by ballot.

The afternoon session was called to
order by President Kimble, and the
enrollment of members read. The
business of the meeting was then en-
tered upon, and the first question dis-
cussed, was

HOW TO PREVENT INCREASE.

President' Kimble said that after-
swarms could be prevented by cutting
out, on the seventh or eighth day, all
queen-cells but one.

H. D. Harrington, of Calamus, stated
that bees would seldom swarm if given
plenty of room at the right time. He
tiers the cases from one to five high,
and has about one swarm from 20
colonies, when working for comb
hone}'.

D. D. Hammond, of Malone, thought
that swarming could not be prevented
when working for comb honey, but he
prevented it all that he could by giving
plenty of room.

H. D. Harrington said that the man
and the bee-hive must go together.

David Wagoner, of Calamus, ex-
tracted the honey to prevent swarm-
ing.

A. C. Bentley,ofM,aquoketa, thought
that the free use of the extractor would
do much toward preventing swarming.
" How shall we manage the swarms
when so many issue at once ?" was
asked.

President Kimble keeps tubs of
water in the yard, and when the bees
show an indication of swarming, he
sprinkles them so as not to have too
many issue at once.

Ex-Senator L. W. Stewart, of Mon-
mouth, stated that he had experienced
but little difficulty while his bees were
swarming. He keeps the queens' wings
clipped.

A. M. Tinker, of DeWitt, inquired
what to do with colonics when they
did not do good work. The majority
of those present deemed it necessary
to give them a new queen.

J. O. Ferree, of DeWitt, proposed
for discussion.

THE WINTERING OF BEES.

E. W. Coe, of Clarence, keeps, a
small (luantity of unslacked lime in his
bee-cellar during the winter, for the
purpose of absorbing the moisture ;
also raises the hives from the bottom-
board, giving plenty of bottom venti-
lation.

A. C. Bentley keeps his bees in a
well ventilated cellar made speeially
for their use, and gives a little venti-
lation to his hives. His bees winter
successfully.

D. D. Hammond also winters his
bees in a dry cellar, giving the hives a
good pitch forward.

Mr. Stewart removes the tops of the
hives, and covers with old carpets, and
mats made of cotton-cloth containing
1.1 rolls of batting for each hive. He
lo'st no bees. He made a special point
of not taking the bees out of the cellar
too early — say about the middle of
, April, or even later.

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2fJ7

David Wagoner winters liis bees in
;i oollar ; removes tlie liive-covor, and
puts a cloth over the top of the hives.
The bees winter suecessl'ully.

L. J. Pearco gives top ventilation to
prevent moldy combs.

President Kimble thinks that a bee-
house is preferable to a cellar, for win-
tering bees. He raises his liives from
thii bottom-boards, and gives plenty of
ventilation. He thinks that the top
should be kept tight.

H. L. Harrington said that bees will
winter all right if suljject to proper
ventilation.

Mr. Jacobs believes in ventilation
for bees, but would avoid a draft.

The next question discussed was
til at of

FEEDING BEES.

Mr. Hammond was asked to give his
views, and in answer he said that he
would never feed bees unless it was
absolutely necessary, as too much feed-
ing stimulates an overplus of breeding,
when not desired. If feed must be
given, use full combs of sealed honey.

FOUL BROOD.

Mr. Jacobs inquired if anj' member
present knew of the existence of any
foul brood in this vicinity. Mr. Coe
did not think tliat the disease was in
Iowa ; he had seen it in California.

President Kimble stated that the dis-
ease had been prevalent years ago in
adjoining counties.

CRATES FOR SHIPPING HONET.

" Which are the best crates for ship-
ping comb honey ?"

Mr. Coe favored the single-tier, 24
sections in a crate, with glass sides.
He would not advocate re-packing, as
it does not ship as well, and he receives
no better prices.

C. Kuebler re-packs and ships in the
Lewis crates.

It was quite unanimously thought
that shipping-crates holding only one
tier is best.

"Which is the most profitable race
of bees to keep ?" For all practical
purposes, the Italian bees were consid-
ered first on the list.

At the evening session, after prayer
by Rev. F. J. Norton, and some pleas-
ing music, Hon. L. W. Stewart, of
Monmouth, gave a rapid but most in-
teresting sketch of bee-culture. From
the earliest history, the bee had been
the companion of man ; honey in
Sacred Writ was often referred to as
an article of food and of commerce ;
this industry, like all others, has its
ups and downs, but it is now, through
the investigation of Huber, and the
improved hives of the present day,
rapidly coming to the front as one of
the principal industries.

" Do Ifces injure fruit?" was the sub-
ject of an interesting essay read by
Mr. A. M. Tinker, in whi(th lie eon-
tended tiiat l)y distributing th(^ pollen,
it actually increased the fruit product.

The average yield of each colony,
spring count, for last year, was 112
pounds — about half extracted.

Welton, Iowa.

INCREASE.

How to manage It when Work,
ing for Extracted Honey.

Written for the American Bee Journal
BY AARON BENEDICT.

to swarm out. By placing tlic queen
in the emi)ty hive, she has ample njom
to deposit lier eggs for i)rodticing
workers to gather the honey, and, if
the honey-llou- is abundant, the bees will
fill the parent hive full of honey. This
can be extracted at intervals, or all at
once. Try my plan, and see if it is
not better than Mr. Funk's method.
Bennington, Ohio.

COWVENTION DIRECTORY.

Mr. H. W. Funk's prize essay on
page 198, is excellent, all but the ven-
tilation of the colon}'. I put the extra
hive under, instead of on top, of the
old hive. If the old colony swarms, I
hive them, place them on the old
stand, put the old hive on top with a
screen honey-board between. After
they get fairly to work in the new
hive, remove the screen honey-board,
and let the bees together again. Re-
move all the queen-cells from the old
hive.

If there is a case of sections on the
old hive partly filled, leave it until
finished. By the time the queen gets
the lower hive filled with eggs, the
young bees will all be hatched ; and if
the honey-How be good, the bees will
have filled it with honey. This can be
extracted before the fall harvest
comes.

DIVIDING COLONIES FOR INCREASE.

This is done the same as above, by

1890.
May I.-
May S.-
May T.-
May 7, 8,

Time and place of meeting.

-Southwestern Wi8conain. at Boscobel, Wis.
BenJ. B. Rice, Sec, Boscobel, Wis.

-Susquehanna Co.. at Hopbottom, Pa.

H. M. Seeley. Sec, Harford, Pa.

■Capital, at Springtleld, IDs.

C. E. Vocora, Sec. Sherman, Ills.

-Texas State, at Greenville, Tex.

J. N. Hunter, Sec, Celeste, Tex.

May 19.— Northern Illinois, at Cherry Valley, Ills.
D. A. Fuller, Sec, Cherry Valley. Ills.

July 17.— Carolina, at Charlotte, N. C.

N. P. Lyles, Bee, Derita, N. C.

In order to have this table complete.

Secretaries are requested to torward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — The Editor.

moving the old hive,
new one in its place.

CiettiHg' Wees Out of'tlic Cases.

I use two methods for getting bees out of
cases filled with honey, viz: 1. In warm
weather I slip a board under the case to be
taken off, and leave it there for three or
four hours (but not longer), after which I
lift the cover off quickly, raise one end of
the case, and blow a few puffs of smoke
under — then you should see my bees es-
cape. 3. Later in the season, when the
nights are cool, I use a cloth (burlap) in-
stead of a hoard, with one corner turned
back, so as to leave a small hole for the
bees to get down through, I do this in the
evening; the next morning before the sun
is up, I can carry the cases into the honey-
house with scarcely a bee, and no robbing
started. I have taken several tons of honey
off, by the above methods, and know that
they work all right. I have neither boards
nor cloth to sell, and do not use any funnel
in my bee-escape. Everebody is welcome
to use the plans. Joiix H.^ndkl.

Savanna, Ills.

as
and putting a
Now open the
old hive, take out the comb that the
queen is on, place this in the new hive,
put a frame of comb in its place, put
on a screen honey-board, and place the
parent hive on top. In eight or nine
days cut out all queen-cells in the old
hive, take away the division-board, let
the bees together, and the job is done.
This is the best plan for out apiaries
to secure extracted honey with the
least trouble.

After the honey harvest is over,
place the bees back in the hive, giving
them plenty of good, sealed honey.
All the rest can be extracted. If the
bees swarm again, hive them, and
place them under the other two, as in
the first place. This keeps the work-
ing-force togetlier. If the empty hive
is placed on top of the parent hive, the
bees ma}', or they may not, work in
the upper hive.

If the queen is left in the parent

hive, and is cramped for room to de- J",""''?' *''^' tj^e State has ever known, and

, , ' .,, , '""'" '■'-' i"= that lessened still more our chances for an

posit eggs, the bees will be almost sure | early honey crop, by cutting off the bloom

Apiciiltiiral Prospect in Florida.

The greater portion of Florida has been
suffering from a six-months' drouth. I do
not thinli that an inch of rain has fallen in
all that time. Capillary action is very
active in our sandy soils, and brings up
water from below to supply, in a great
measure, the wants of vegetation, but on
the surface there has been much dried
grass and other material, and the forest
fires have licked up hundreds of acres of
this, and, in doing so, destroyed much of
the early bee-pasturage.

As another result of the dry spell, we
have been visited by one of the most
distructive "freezes," lasting but a few

268

T^H® ms^mmi^MM mmm j@^kmmi*.

growth of the orange and other trees that
were about coming into flower. The orange
trees are putting on new buds, and will
probably bloom to some extent later on,
but I do not look for much honey from
blossoms out of season. The mangrove—
our main stay— seems to be all right, and
we hope to hare a heavy flow from it, in
which case those whose bees are iu good
condition, will get a good, paying crop of
our finest grade of honey.

My own bees are in fair condition, and
well supplied with honey in their hives, as
a rule: but, as is my custom in April, I am
feeding a little to keep them breeding, so
as to be ready for the honey-flow that com-
mences in May and lasts until August.
Having many dropped oranges on the
ground in my groves, I have split some of
them for my bees, and they gather thickly
upon them, and suck up the rich juices
until nothing but a dry shell remained. I
believe there is profit in doing this late in
the season, where circumstances will allow
of it. I do not look for a large honey
record here this season, but I believe we
have reason to hope for a fair crop.

W. S. Hart.

Hawk's Park, Fla., April 4, 1890.

hive for several weeks ; and after a close
inspection about the hive and in the grass
under the alighting-board, I believe three
pellets of pollen were found, and this was
after the bees had been at work several
hours carrying in pollen. So much for that.
Now let us go a little further.

A good deal has been said in years past
about too much pollen in the brood-nest.
How would it do to use stiil smaller perfora-
tions in the metal, and try to keep out a
large part of the pollen? I will say, how-
ever, that I never saw a colony that had
too much pollen. 1 have seen, on many
occasions, cases where brood-rearing was
retarded in the early spring on account of
the scarcity of pollen.

No, the bees are not in the least disturbed
when a trap is placed at the entrance of
their hive. The perforations are not too
small for the worker-bees to pass trough— a
thing which you can discover in a short
time after a trap is placed on the hive.
There are now nearly 100,000 traps in
use, and no one has ever complained that
the bees have trouble in passing the metal.
Test it for yourself. Hexry Alley.

Wenham, Mass.

4. Would it not be better to go on in a
go-as-you-please plan, and try to keep up
with the procession* J. W. Tefft.

CoUamer, N. Y. •

[Until that which is perfect has come, it
would not do to impede progress by adopt-
ing a " standard." Invention and improve-
ment go hand in hand— but inventions are
not all improvements, by any means.— Ed.]

IVintered Poorly— I)ipl«tlieria.

I have 20 colonies of bees left, out of 77
colonies put into the cellar last fall. I took
out a few on March 1, and they are all
right— all had plenty of honey. My family
have all had the diphtheria; for four weeks
I had but three nights of sleep. We are all
over it now. Fatette Lee.

Cokato, Minn., April 7, 1890.

Hard 'Winter on the Bees.

The winter is over, which was a hard one
on my bees. They seem to have gone the
same as Mr. EUingwood's bees (see page
220). My Italians do not seem to stand
the wmter the same as the hybrids and
blacks. I lost 6 colonies of Italians, and
only one of the hybrids; I have only 8 col-
onies left, 4 being Italians. They are work-
ing hard, and getting pollen from willow
and other trees. John Boerstler.

Vashon, Wash., April 1, 1890.

Wintering iu a Bee-IIouse, etc.

I am drifting into the bee-business. I
commenced with one colony, and now I
have 17. They are now in the bee-house,
and are doing finely. I find it a pleasant
and profitable business; my spare time can
be occupied in my favorite pursuit— invent-
ing and experimenting. Finding it neces-
sary last summer to have a device for fast-
ening foundation in one-pound sections, I
got up one which I think is better than any
other that I have seen. John Lucas.

Use of Wrone and Queen Xraps.

On page 2136, Mr. D. B. Cassady asks the
following question, which is referred to me
for reply: "If the drone and queen trap
is used on hives to catch the queen, will it
not hinder the workers from carrying in
pollen, as the perforations seem too small to
admit of the bees getting the loads of pollen
through;"

In answer to the above inquiry, I w-ill
say that the bees are not in the least hin-
dered in their work by placing a queen-trap
at the entrance of the hive. If a trap is
placed at the hive-entrance of a large col-
ony of bees.and a box arranged to catch the
pollen which happens to be rubbed off when
the bees pass through the metal, it will be
seen that there is no more than would be
found at the entrance of a hive where there
is no trap.

An expert bee-keeper once visited my
apiary, and the trap was talked about.
Said our friend, " I don't like the trap, as
it brushes so much of tlie pollen off the legs
of the bees, when they pass through the
metal." I replied that he was mistaken,
and that the trap did not work as he sup-
posed. We at once went into the apiary
and made an examination, as there were
several traps in use there. We first ex-
amined a large colony which were working
through a trap ; the trap had been on the

Small Loss in Wintering.

Bees have been bringing in pollen lively
to-day, and I am surprised to find mine m
so fine a condition. I considered the stores
poor last fall, and expected a loss of 25 per
cent., but it will hardly reach 5 per cent.,
if we have reasonable weather from this
on. Every winter strengthens my opinion
that double-walled hives are the best
adapted to this climate. My colonies are
very strong and uniform.

Geo. E. Hilton-.

Fremont, Mich., April 8, 1890.

Colonies Strong in Bees.

Mv bees all came through the winter in
good condition. They are gathering pollen,
and have been for several days. I never
saw them so strong in the sprmg, m my
thirty years of bee-keeping. Everything
looks fair for a good crop this season, but I
fear we will have too much rain. Our last
three seasons have been too dry, and we
have had poor honey crops, but stUl the
bees have paid their way.

W. H. Grave.s.

New Carlisle, Ind., April 9, 1890.

Bees 'Wintered ;^icely.

I started last spring with 10 colonies,aud
increased them to 30, all of which I will
have to commence with this season. They
have all wintered nicely, so far. This is a
queer year — when we ought to have our
spring, we are getting our winter. Last
year was the poorest that I ever saw smce
keeping bees ; from 80 colonies I got 600
pounds of honey. J. H. Scherer.

Lena, Ills., March 30, 1890.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

BOSTON, April 9.— 'Wo ijuote: Fancy 1-lbs.,
IfifflilTc- very little in the market. Iwo-lbs.,
l.")C. Extracted, 8®9e. No Beeswax on hiind.
BLAKE & KIPLEY, 57 Chatham St.

CHICAGO, April 8.— Comb honey has sold
well lately— there is practically none 9n the
market, it being taken soon after arrival, if
in desirable shape. Consignments that have
bung along all winter have been closed out at
l'.;@13c. tor good, and 14o. for fancy. Ex-
tracted is dull at 6@8c. Beeswax, 27®2Sc.
K. A. BUKNETT. 161 S. "Water St.

MILWAUKEE, April S.-Demand good, and
supply fair. "We quote: White 1-lbs., 12(S.l.!c.;
very fine 14o.; medium. ll®12c.; dark and
old 9®10c. Extracted, white, in barrels and
'/. barrels, 7',4®8c.; in tin and kegs, /@8V4c.:
dark, in barrels and H barrels, e®d%c. Bees-
wax, 23@2e^ ^ BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.

CHICAGO, April 8.-We quote: White clo-
ver in active demand, and receipts find ready
slle : 1-lbs., imuc; 2-lhs , 12@1214c. Bas^
wood 1-lbs., 12@13c. Buckwheat 1-lbs., 8®
9c Extracted, 6V4@7'/2C. Beeswax — bright,
23@26c.; dark, 23@24c.

S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY. April 7.-Supply of ;''>'Wte
1-lbs is very limited-10,000 or 20,000 lbs.
more of fancy comb iu 1-lb. sections would
find a market here before the new crop comes.
Extracted sells very slowly. We quote: Fancy
1-lhs., white, 13c. ; choice 1-lbs., 12c. Fall am-
ber I-lbs. and 2-lbs., 9@10c. Choice white 2-
Ibs ll®12c. Extracted, white, 7c.; amber,
o®ec. No Beeswax iu the market.
CLEMONS, CLOON & CO..

Cor. ith and Walnut Sts.

KANSAS CITY. Mo.. April r).-The market, is
cleaned up. We quote: 1-lbs. white 12@13c .
■'-lbs white. 10@11. Dark 1-lbs.. 8@10c.: dark
"-lbs 8®9c. Extracted, white, 6@6'/.c.; dark,

^"^ "hTmBlIn i BEARSS. 514 Walnut St.

DENVER, April 9.— 1-lb. sections, 13®15c.;
Extracted, 7®8c. There is suflBcient comb

Standard Implements.

1. Should a hive, frame, section, or any
apiarian implement be adopted as the
stx:uulardi'

2. If we do, would it not be a waste ot
time, money, patience, energy and genius,
on the part of the inventor, to give more
rigid scrutiny to our industry ?

3. Would it be the proper proclamation
to the world, that we have arrived at the
summit of our art, and that we had no
further use for the inventor, bee-papers, or
conventions?

K.\t.raeieu, iviyou. j.uv..^ .^ y,"*--,:" „

honey to supply the market till the new crop
arrives. Beeswax, 22®2.5c.

J. M. CLARK COM. CO., 1517 Blake St.

DETROIT, April 10.— Comb honey is selling
slowly at!'10®13c. Extracted, 7®8c. Beeswax.
scarc-e at 26@2|«; g^j^^. Bell Branch, Mieh.

CINCINNATI. March 7.— Good demand for
extracted honev. especially from manufactu-
rers at 5@8c. Comb honey, 12@15c. lor best.
Demand fair. , ^ -.^^ .-,- *

Beeswax is in good demand at20@.nc.toi
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH & SON,
■ Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

ITBIEE; KMEKIC7I1M WMM JOORlHa:!,.

'269

**^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*''**^*^*^*^*^*^*^ '^■^■^'^■^^■^■^■^■^■^■^■■^■"■■^ ■*■-—■'■»■■'— »~ »^»^.^»-^.^»^^— ^— ^.^^

^»yA^»*®'^oan,.j^_^

BuJmnK

BnSINESS MANAGER.
tXZZXZXZZZXZZZXZZXZXZZXXZZZZZZZZZ]

xisiwcss 3|otices.

' Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should notify us at once.

It^" Money in Potatoes, by Mr. Joseph
Greiuer. Price, 25 cents, postpaid. For sale
at this office.

It^" Send us one i^EW subscriber, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

|^~ Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price$1.00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

1^" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshii'e's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per oulnee, by express.

1^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

lr^~ Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

IFW" Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jour-
nal at $1.85 for the two; or with both our
Home Journal and Bee Journal for $2.50
for all three papers.

|^~ As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please wi-ite AmericaH Bee
Journal on the comer of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

^W Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

■' 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 25

•' 200 colonies (420 pages) 150

IS:^~When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book,
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

J^" We offer the Monthly PhOadelphia
Farm, Journal, and either the Ameiucan
Bee Journal or Illustrated Home Jour-
nal for one year, for the small sum of $1.20.
Or, we will give it free for one year to any
one who will send us one new subscriber for
either of our Journals with SI. 00 (the sub-
scription price).

WONDERFUL

Nearly every one is I'amiliar with the nmiip, but
it has been eslinuaoit that only one in every i>ho
nersons in the United States is fortunate etioutjli to
have access tu tlie vjilualile intfinnation contained
within the covers ol tlic tzrninlest work ever written
hy mortal man WKBSTKKS UNAHIilUGED

DICTIONARY. That this is an unlortunate state of
liflairs will be admitted by all. and it is due to the
tact that no one save the rich could atford them.

The Dictionary is a necessity in every home, school
and business-house. It Oils a vacancy and furnishes
knowledge wliii-h ni> loo vcilumes of the choicest
books could supply, and all. young or old, educated
or ignorant, rich . ir poor, should have it within reach,
and refer to its contents every day in the year.

The " Loomis Re-print " contains all the matter as
compiled and arranged by our esteemed and honored
author and statesman— Noah Webster. About 40
years of his life was devoted to this great work; and
when we consider the fact that tliis book cuntains
about nxt.ooo words with their correct spelling,
derivation and definition, we will appreciate that
these years must have been well spent.

Some idea of the magnitude of this book may be
gained from the fa^t that it contains over 440 cuhic
inches of paper, and has about 300,(HXt square inches
of printed surface. This is a cheap, re-print edition
without illustrations.

In adiUtion to the loo.ooo words, it contains a
portrait of the author, together with his biography,
and a valuable table of i2,0(Xi synonymous words.

OUR SPECIAL OFFER

For this valuable Dictionary is as follows ;
We will club it with this Journal one year
—both for $2.75. Or, we will sell the
Dictionary alone for $2.00. Or, we will
present it to anj-ohe who gets up a club of
8 NEW subscribers to either or both of our
Journals, and sending us $8.00 to pay for
them.

These prices are for the Dictionary
delivered at the Express Office in this Citj-,
or packed with other goods.

We will send it. po.st-paid, to the destina-
tion for 68 cents additional.

This immense book, wrapped for mailing,
weighs 83-2 pounds,

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison-SI reet, - CHICAGO, ILLS

Xlie Xinie tor Spring: ^Vork will
soon be here, and those who need a guide
for all the operations in the apiary, should
procure a copy of Dr. Miller's book entitled
"A Year Among the Bees." Its descrip-
tions commence with the necessary work in
the spring, and run through the entire
year, detailing the methods of doing, as
well as telling when to do, all that should
be done in the apiary. We have only a
limited number of copies left, and those
who want it should send for it at once. We
will hereafter mail it, bound in cloth, to
any address for 50 cts., until all are gone.

Hautllin;; Bees.— This is the title of
a nice pamphlet containing 28 pages and a
cover, just issued by Chas. Dadant & Son.
It is a chapter from their book, Langstroth
Revised, and is an excellent thing for be-
ginners. Price, 8 cts. For sale at this office.

Clubs for anything in our Premium
List may be for either of our Journals, or
for any number of either or both of them.

CATARRH.

CATARRHAL DEAFNESS-HAY FEVER.

A Now Home Treatment.
Sufferers are not generally aware that
those diseases are contagious, or that they
are due to tlic jiresence of living jmra-sites
in the lining membrane of the nose and
eustachian tubes. Microscopic research,
however, has proved this to be a fact, and
the result of this discovery is that a simple
remedy has been formulated whereby
catarrh, catnnlial deafness and hay fever
are permanently cured in from one to three
simple applications made at home by the
patient once in two weeks.

N. B. — This treatment is not a snuff or an
ointment; both have been discarded by
reputable physicians as injurious. A
pamphlet explaining this new treatment is
sent free on receipt of stamp to pay pos-
tage, by A. H. Dixon & Son, 337 and 339
West King Street, Toronto, Canada.—
Christian Advocate.

Sufferers from Catarrhal troubles should
carefully read the above.
50E26t Imly.

CJIiapinan Honey-Plant iiiieed.—

This plant has been commended by some of
the most experienced bee keepers in
America, as being " a most valuable acqui-
sition to the list of bee-forage plants." The
seed may be scattered in waste places, or
it may be sown in drills or hills like onion
seed. We can furnish the seed, postpaid,
at the following prices: Single ounce, 40
cents; 4 ounces, SI. 00; 10 ounces, $2.00;
or one pound for -$3.00.

Jt^" We have sent Queens this seasou, to
Nebraska, Washington, Michigan, and other
Northern States, and have not lost a single
Queen ! We always guarantee safe de-
Ui'cnj. — Colwick & Colwick, Norse, Texas.

Cliil»s of 5 New Subscriptions for $4.00,
to an}' addresses. Ten for $7.50, if all are
sent at one time.

^ilucrtiseincuts.

Choice Italian Queens FN-FElTfaliiooi

strong .3-Fi"imc Nucleus, with Tested Queea,
in Ma.v, $4.00— in June, $3.00.

Misses S. & M. Barnes, Pikcton, Ohio.
16Atf

Mention the American Bee Journal,

FOR SALE !

FOUH COLONIES OF
ITALIAN BEES in

Langstroth hives, Cor-
^^.— ^^^-^ respoiidencc Solicited,
E, F. GATES, .'.534 La Salle St., Chicago, Ills.
leAlt

Mention-ths American Bee Joumai.

y\ />—>. TESTED 1TAI.IAN ai'EENS
*-*-^ J MOW ready at 81,00 each. Bees b.v
pound, 7.'>c; also Nuclei and Untested Queens.
See Americun Bee Journal siuce Mureh 15lh.
lOAtf LUTHER W. GRAY, Orlando, Fla.
Mention the American Bee Joumai.

Olidicest Italian

Purely bred — Purely
5L\TEi). Won first prem-
ium over all competitors
at Buffalo luternatioual,
ONE Better i.v America !

Send tor Price-List. Order early.

loAtf E. B. KEEIKEY, Importor anil llrrwlcr, knaie. \. V.

ii\r
September, 1S89

270

T«i^ m'smmmi^mm mmm jQ'^khkil..

»«»*^*^>»*«

^OUARE [|ONEY QaNS

Caniiolaii Bees!

Pleasantest Bees In tlie World.
Hardiest to ^Vlnter.

Best Honey-CJatherers.

lu order to introduce not only the bees Init
our paper,

"THE ADVANCE,"

We offer to auv one who will send us J1.2o, a
copy of our paper and a nice Carniolan Queen.
The Queen alone is worth $2.00. Address,

"THE ADVANCE," MecliantcFalls, Me.

16Etf „ ^

Mention the Amerwan Bee Journal.

The above illustration shows the 60 pound
Sqiake Hoxet C'axs which are becoming
quite popular tor shipping extracted honey.
They are enclosed iu
, solid case of wood,
and the boxes contain
ither one or two Cans
N may be preferred.
We can furnish them
I at the following prices,
I with a 13.j'-inch Screw
I Cap in the corner of
leach Can.

For the convenience
Hof digging out candied
honey, we can furnish
_ these Cans with an

additional four-inch Screw Cap for 5 cents
extra on each Can.

1 Single Can .... (boxed) % .45

12 " Cans... " 5.00

100 " "... " -10.00

1 box of two Cans TS

12 boxes " 8-^0

100 " " 65.00

TKOULAS G. NEWMAIT & SON,
■246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Vllf:.V REVIEW

R SO-eent monthly that gives
the ePeam of apieultuPal litefatare:
points out efpops and fallacious
ideas; and gives, eaeh month, the
vieujs of leading bee-keepeps upon
some speeial topie. Thpee samples
fpee. Send fop them, and leapn hou4
to get the back numbeps cheaply.
W. Z. HUTCHINSOri, Flint, JWieh.

lOEtf . _ .

Mention the American Bee Jc-M-nai.

WHERE DOJOU LIVE?

IF YOU will let me know I will send you my
Circular for 1890 which will tell you all
about the Hive we are selling for 55c; and if
you want So, can let you have them tor 49e.
Also 100 Brood-Frames for $1.00.

WM. H. BRIGHT,
15A4t MAZEPPA, MINN.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

P

OOR- T ANGSTROTH
MAN'S L -HIVE—

Before buying Hives, send for our Price-List
on this Hive as described on page 186 of this
.lournal. It is the best and che.^pest Hive

SMITH & SMITH,

14Atr Kcnt(ui, Hardin Co., Ohio.

SOMETHING NEW,

Our isao 16-pas.'e Circular of Bee-Keepers Supplies.
Send name on a Postal Card, Address,
6Btf JNO. NEBEL & SON, High Hill, Mo.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

vision-boards in place of the
converted into a double-wall
at the ends of the frames c'

$1.50 Double
Walled Hive.

IM A K E my im-
proved Spacer
with the tlowuwarci-
extendint: arms near-
ly as Ions as tbe enA
l)ars of the frames:
aDiI with suitable di-
uteide combs; a hive is
(i hive, with the spaces
which it* agreat aid

a weak colony in building vip in the sprinp, it tbe
hive is well-pacted on top dt the frames. Price ot
Brood-Chamber and 8 Frames. *1.50; one Hive and
one duz. extra Spacers. g4.< h . . Spacers, lontr or short
arm, Hiio.uo per KXi. These prices are tor h rames }i'
inch wide. When orderint: give the width of your
hive inside. J. B. Wll.Ct^X, Manistee, Mich.

WHEN ANSWERING THIS AOVEHTlSGMENT, MENTION THIS jQUFiNAL.

When answeri

j THIS Advertisement, Mention this Journal.

BiCTstBamiii-lSSO!

»hh

34

Fe

New Heddon Hives— NEW; '2 wide-frauie
iQvertible Surplus Crates to each Hive-
all painted two coates white lead; regular
jrice. 14.00 each, $i:i6.00. One 4-basket htan-
.ey Honey-Extractor. $30.00. One Lamp Nur-
sery, a. One extra large, new Smoker, S1..>0.
One Gray Foundtition Machine, To ets. Two
Bee-Veils.$1.00— all F.O.B. here NOW. Also in
August, one dozen Tested Italian Queens, $12.
Total, *17.i.2.). First draft for $100 takes the
lot. Referen-ce: Thos. G. Newman; James
Heddon; W. Z. Hutchinson. Purchaser fur-
nished with Heddon's individual right to make
and use Heddon Patent Hives.
16Alt E. D. KEENEY, AkC.vde, N. Y.
Mention tlic American Bee Journal.

DAVENPORT.

LOUIS HANSSEN, 21 :i & 21.') West Second St..
Davenport, Iowa, keeps a full stock of BEE-
KEEPERS' S11PPI.IESS. G. B. Lewis &
Co.'s Sections, and Dadant's Foundation, at
manufacturers' prices. 10A8t

WHEN Answering this advertisement, mention this journal.

;-SUPPLIES.

Wholesale

and
Retail.

DEC

^f 11^ L We furnish Everything needed
in the Apiary, of practical con-
struction, and at the loivest price. Satisfac-
tion guaranteed. Send for our 40-page illus-
trated Catalogue— free to all. Address,

E. Krelclinier, Red Oak, Iowa.

5A0t— 14E9t .. , .

WHEN Answering this advertisement, mention this journal.

My 22n(i Annual Price-List lirA^^^^\SilTel

Qijeens and Nuclei Colnnies (a specialty): also Sup-
niies— will be sent to all who send tbeir names and
addresses. H. H. BKOWN, „. „ „

14B4t 23C-'t LiKbt Street, Columbia Co. Pa.

Mention the Amcrix:an Bee Journal.

BEESWAX WANTED.

Bees-wax.— We will pay 25 cents per

pound, in Cash, for Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
ered here.

jgg" To avoid mistakes, the name of the
shipper should always be on each package.

THOS. G. NEWTWAN & SON,

246 Bast Madison Street, CHICAGO. ILLS.

WHEN Answering this advertisement, mention this journal.

PARNIOLAN ^^^^^^^^

I son from Imported Mothers, will be ready
l^ to send out the 1st of June. Send for
FB^E Circular, to .lOHN ANDREWS, Pattens
Mills, Wash. Co., N. V. lOEtf

Mention the American Bee Journal.

1890 ITALIAN ^UEEl\S 1890

SIX young Queens, warranted purely-mated
fo'r $3.00. English Rabbits, $1.00 per pair.
Mammoth Bronze Turkey Eggs, 25c.; 9 tor
$2.00. Write for Circular.
14Etf J. T. WILSON, Little Hickman, Ky.

A NEW DISCOVERY !

THE Commos-Sesse Honey Extractor is
strictly scientific, powerful, durable, handy,
cleau and rapid, and differs from all others,
and is cheaper than the cheapest at slaughter
prices. Circolars Free.

REV. A. K. SEAMAN,
NEW CUMBERLAND, Hancock Co., W. VA.
16E2t

Mention the American Bee Journal.

I AST The old prices on Bee-Hives, and new
LVoi ones found. Send for Circular— free.
14Etf Li. J. TKIPP, Kalamazoo, Midi.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPI^IES!

WE are prepared to furnish bee-keepers
with Supplies promptly, and at greatly
reduced rates. Estimates gladly furnished,
and iiini'spondencc solicited. Our goods are
uiiixci'll'd in Qualitv and workmanship.

Italian Qiieeus and Bees at a very low
price Scud for large illustrated Price-List,
free. Alley's Queen and Drone-Trap and
SwARM-HiVER alwajs on hand.

A. F. STAUFFER & CO.,

40Etf STERLING, Whiteside Co., ILL.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Hr\ TT1RAME, North Manchester, Ind.,
, VT. J: breeder of Italian and Car-
niolan Queens. Bees by the pound and
Nucleus. Price-List free. Reference — First
National Bank. lOEtf

Mention the American Bee Jounutl.

A BEES AND HONEY

Tl 1 vctailcd Stronacet. lSe«t and

ChciipcKt BEE-II I VE t.ir all purpo-

1 asts cvLTvli^ily. Si-nd your ad-

Ir the LarecBt Hcc-IIlve Fac-

torj In the World f'ir sample copy uT

Glcitiilnea In BecCulture (a Jl il us-

iral I emi-iuontblv). and a 44 p. 111"'=-

tratcd catalogue of Bee-Ke*per»

SnppUeo. Our A B C of Bee Col-

tnro IS a cyclopedia of 400 pp., I.. in, »i,d

icuts. Price ill ck.ih. SI '.i,' C'-T' -1"'"";''

vaptr. A . ' ^^r^- " ' - dir

THIS ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAL.

WHEN AnSWE

PAI> ^\W 1 Italian Bees and Queens,
rUll JMlLli ; in small and large lots, at a
VERY low price. Addrcss. Otto Kleinow.
No. 150 Military Ave., Detroit, Mich. 12Atf

READY TO SHIP ! "g^^^^^

—3 lor $2.75. Ready April 1st. Nuclei cheap
Send for Price-List. COLWICK & COLWICK,
Norse, Bosque Co., Texas. 12A6t

Mention the Ame-"ican Bee Journal.

TEE® mmMmiGMM m-mm jQwmmmi,.

275

XHOmAS «. NEYVmAIV,

EDITOR.

Vol. mi, April 26,1890. No. 17,

Xlie Ueesi are daily winging
Their way to distant fields,

And from the sweet bloom bringing
The treasures which it yields.

Oh, that we all were learning.
If we the '* prize " would win.

To daily toil be turning.
And constant work begin.

— AXNA MiLTOXA.

tW Prof. A. J. Cook sustained quite ■
loss by fire on his farm in February.

The Unuiiiual amount of warm
weather during the winter months has
kept the temperature in winter repositories
so high that the aid of ice has been neces-
sary quite frequently to cool the place.

A Liiberal Premium List is presented
for the Bee-Department of the Minnesota
State Fair. The Secretary, Col. W. M.
Liggett, of Hamline, Minn., will furnish
Premium List and information on applica-
tion.

^W The Apiculturist for April is on our
desk. It is, as usual, filled with spicy read-
ing for bee-keepers. The Apiculturist is
fully up with the times, and it is a pleasure
to read every copy as it comes to hand. It
richly deserves its success.

A Fire destroyed the factory of Ct. B.
Lewis & Co., at Watertown, Wis., on Sat-
urday, April 19. The origin of the fire is
unknown. Loss, S15,000, with an insur-
ance of ?4, 500. This is a heavy blow for
the enterprising firm, for their stock of
hives and sections were all destroyed ; but
their well-known enterprise and vivi will
soon find new quarters and adequate ma-
chinery to resume business in the shortest
possible time.

Tlie CansKlian Xarill' Revision

is being made, and the Canadiiin Bee
Journal justly comi)lains of its "honey"
item. It says :

In the revised tariff just submitted to the
Dominion Parliament by the Minister of
Finance, the following paragraph appears :

'* 76. Honey and imitations thereof in the comb or
otherwise, three cents pei- pound."

It seems to us that if we allow this to
become embodied into the tariff, perma-
nently, that we will be tacitly admitting
that there is such a thing as "imitation"
honey. This is especially bad in the case
of " comb honey," because no such thing as
"imitation" comb honey has ever been
made or offered for sale. We are forced to
admit there are adulterations of honey in
its extracted form, but the wording of the
paragraph can be changed to suit the case
much better, as follows: "Honey in the
comb, or extracted and adulterations
thereof."

It is all-important to watch the actions
of those who know nothing of honey-pro-
duction. They are so liable to make mis-
takes, which are full of danger to the pur-
suit— especially when they presume to
legislate about it. Keep them to the mark,
and thus compel them to do justice to
honey-producers.

The Work of'llie Cyclone in the

apiary of E. Drane, of Eminence, Ky., was
graphically set before our readers in a
letter on page 253. Mr. Drane gives further
particulars in a letter dated on April 14,
1890. He says:

It was thirteen buildings destroyed, not
three. The brick smoke-house only had the
roof, gable, and part of one wall blown off.
The poultry-house escaped with half the
roof off and several holes shot by flying
timbers from shop and honey-house. There
were nearly four miles of fences wrecked.
I believe there are 100 wagon loads of
kindling wood, less than two feet long, on
our farm. Thousands of people who have
seen the wreck, say that they never saw
anything to equal it. E. Drane.

Mr. Drane has sent us a photograph of
the apiary, taken ."since the cyclone's visit
to it, which shows the terrible work done
by it. Large trees were torn to pieces, and
others taken up by the roots. Buildings,
hives, and everything in the apiary were
tossed about as if they were matches, and
scattered promiscuously about. The photo
is placed in our office Album.

Honey-Oew. so-called, for winter
stores for bees has been tested by Mr. Ira
Barber, of De Kalb Junction, N. Y., and
he has made the following report, dated
April 17, 1890:

According to jiromise, I will give the
condition of the bee.^;, after living on " bug-
juice" for five mouths, for quite a number
of them had nothing to live on but that.
All that had queens have wintered in fine
condition. Four colonies out of the 140
were queenless, and failed to winter. Many
of the hives are quite badly soiled on the
outside, but no damage is done. The tim-
ber that the bugs and bees frequented in
this locality, was swamp-elm. The tem-
perature that the bees were wintered in,
was from 46 to 56 degrees. Ira Barber.

Japan.— The Secretary of Agriculture
hits just been advised by the Secretarj' of
the State, that by the courtesy of the Im-
perial Government of Japan at Washing-
ton, the Japanese Charge' d' Affaires, Mr.
Aimaro Sato, has placed at the disposal of
the American government, some invita-
tions to the Agricultural and Industrial
Exposition which has just opened at Tokio,
and will bo continued until July 31.

These invitations are extended through
the Minister of Agriculture and Commerce
of Japan, and entitle the recipients to
special privileges in connection with the
Exposition, and as regards traveling in all
parts of the Empire. They would unques-
tionably serve as most valuable pass-ports
to American visitors, seeking to acquaint
themselves with the agricultural and indus-
trial resources of Japan, and to extend
American trade in that direction.

California Honey Crop In eon

versation with an experienced liJee-keeper a
few days ago, he said it was a fortunate
thing that bees had stings; if it was not so
everybody would be keeping bees, and
they would be as plentiful as the common
house-fly ; and honey would be so plentiful
that it would be sticking to everything;
that the world would get tired of it and
exterminate the bees to get rid of the
honey. Perhaps there is some ground for
our friend's remarks, but unless there is a
change in our climatic conditions there
will be no surplus of honey to grieve over
in Southern California this year. Con-
tinued rains, cold nights, and an abundance
of snow in the mountains in March, are
not such suiToundings as are calculated to
make an abundant honey harvest. — Exch.

Xlie Report of the New York State
Bee-Keepers' Convention held last Feb-
ruary, is printed in pamphlet form. A
copy of it has just been received by mail.
It contains 34 pages, and is a fair report of
the meeting— though not a full one. A
copy of it may be obtained of the Secre-
tary, G. H. Knickerbocker, of Pine Plains,
N. Y., for 10 cents.

This Association was founded by the late
M. Quinby, in 1868.

A new pamphlet is on our desk,
entitled "Pratt's New System of Nuclei
Management." It contains 10 pages, and
is issued by E. L. Pratt, of Marlboro, Mass.
He details his nuclei system of manage-
ment, and experiments with Carniolan
bees. He does not say so, but we presume
it is intended as his Circular and Price List
for 1890. All those interested should send
for a copy.

An Early Stvarni is reported at
Palmyra, Ills., ou the 7th iust., by Warren
Smith. The bees clustered on a tree. He
hived them and gave them a frame of
honey, but they were robbed. Mr. E. H.
Groh, of Dixon, lUs., reports that his bees
were gathering pollen all day on April 13.
Since, it has been quite cold in nothern Ills.

276

THB MMEKIC'MH Wmm JQ'^KlfMlL.

■' — --'■^-■"■»'^«^*

Giood Queens io tlie Spring.—

Mr. L. H. 'Vrilcox, of Hastings, Minn., gives
this excellent advice and caution in the
Fai-m, Stock and Hoine for last week

GLEiMS OF MEWS.

Trees for Shade ami Honey.—

The importance of planting trees for the
nectar which some of them so profusely
yield, as well as for their grateful shade
and general attractiveness, should not
escape the attention of all bee-keepers who
desire to extend their fields of honey-pro-
duciug blooms. Especially should this sub-
ject of tree-planting be thoughtfully con-
sidered by apiarists, when they have been
so forcibly reminded that the unexcelled
lectar-bearing tree— the precious linden or
1 asswood-is fast disappearing under the
woodman's ruthless axe.

Let every one interested in securing the
largest measure of success from his own,
and the efforts of his bees, see to it that,
among others, the lindens are freely
planted to grace the walks of home or
town, and to supply their delicious sweet-
ness for the "busy bee's" delight, and its
keeper's profit.

The following paragraph, relating to this
matter of growing trees by bee-keepers, are
excerpted from the Rural Calif omian:

Xlie IVorld's Fair Bee-Exliitoil.

—Mr. J. E. Pond, of North Attleboro, Mass.,
writes as follows about the bee-exhibit at
the World's Fair:

Every bee keeper is interested m forestry,
whether he knows it or not. The presence
of trees, whether large or small, protects
the surface of the earth from the mtense
and scorching rays of the sun in summer,
prevents the evaporation of moisture occa-
sioned by rainfall, and also prevents the
rapid absorption of moisture at the roots
an^ rootlets of trees,obstructing the descent
of water, and causing it to be held so that
It percolates through the soil, and rocks,
storing it for use in streams, as well as for
evaporation in the atmosphere.

Much of the nectar gathered by the bees
comes from the bloom of trees and shrubs.
The oak, sycamore, locust, willow, blue-
eum acacia and manzanita are all good
honey -producers; whUe the sages are the
best of all. But other trees that produce
no nectar-bearing bloom, are useful in
tempering the atmosphere, creating that
humidity that is essential to the secreting
of nectar in flowers, whether growing trees
or plants. Besides, trees are wind-breaks
sheltering from the sweeping blasts that
come down from the north, lapping up the
moisture in the earth when unmolested,
Sid increasing in velocity as they drive
over barren mountain sides, vaUey and

^'Then let the bee-keeper plant trees, being
assured that he gathers wealth from each
swaying branch, and every sturdy trunk
and root of the trees that ornament and
beautify our landscape.

In expanding the brood-nest to accommo-
date the increasing numbers of bees be
careful to give no more room than will be
occupied and kept warm by them, usually
one or two combs at a time is all we can
add with safety, and they should be placed
in the center of the nest, with the filled
combs of brood on each side, and honey
outside of all.

If we get the queen to laying well at an
early date by providing the necessary
warmth and stimulative feeding, we may
expect by the middle of May to have from
1 500 to 2,000 bees hatching daily, and
tliese wUl be of just the right age to secure
the crop of white clover honey from this
time on. If we are sure they have a good
queen the brood-nest will require but little
attention until it is time to take them in
hand to prevent swarming, of which we
will speak later on.

During our spring examinations vve
always expect to find about one queen in
four or five that from age, incapacity or
other cause, fails to produce sufficient eggs
for best results; these were sometimes
exchanged with a weak colony that has a
young and vigorous queen; but usually we
simply mark the hive, and as soon as we
can rear our first young queens ready to
introduce, off comes the " old lady's " head.
This is a matter generally neglected by
our best bee-keepers, and always by the
more negligent ones ; yet it is so important
that it often makes 25 per cent, difference
in the yield of an apiary, and every man
who keeps fine colonies can well afford to
rear and keep on hand a fevp extra queens,
while to the large apiarist it is indispensa-
ble to successful work. •

To illustrate this point : One of our most
expert bee-keepers. Rev. Alex. Telford
told me that while his whole apiary of .iS
colonies averaged 126 pounds of surplus
each, 13 of them did not give anything,
and he ascribed it to the condition of their
queens. . ., «

The danger period is during the month ot
April • our little workers have lain semi-
dormant through the long winter, eating
but little, often not more than four of hve
pounds per colony; but when they com-
mence active brood-rearing, they require
a large amount of food, and if the weather
is unfavorable, as it was in the spring of
1889, will frequently starve to death
before we realize their danger. So to the
skillful care they receive at this time, we
largely owe their subsequent prosperous
condition.

Chicago is to have the World's Fair, if a
location can be found. Has any stir as
yet,been made in regard to " bee-exhibits !
I presume that an exhibit will be made,
and on such a time and occasion, a big
attempt should be made, or none, as we
must show the world (if we show at all)
that we are away ahead of all competitors.
The West is the real ground for bee-indus-
tries. In the East, we produce but "ttle
honey, comparatively, slill we wish the
business to be boomed. Byand-by, when
science plays a greater part than now—
when the majority of ourbeekeepers know
something of entomology and natural laws
—then bee-keeping will take a position
among the other industries that will be
firm and enduring. J- E. Fond.

Dr. A. B. Mason has full charge of the
whole matter, and as soon as the final
work in the Senate is done, and the Presi-
dent has signed the Bill, then full arrange-
ments will be made for a grand bee-exhibit.

Increase and the Honey-Flow.

-A correspondent sends the following
questions for reply :

1 Will it aflfect the honey -flow if I take
one or two combs out of a PoP}'lo"^<=°'°?y
to make a nucleus about May IJ My locality
depends upon white clover and basswood.

2 Please give the best method for secur-
ing'increase, without lessening the honey-
flow.

Dr. C. C. MUler, of Marengo, Ills., an-
swers the above queries thus :

1 No; it will not affect the honey-flow
in the slightest degree, but it will affect--
and affect greatly-the amount of surplus
honey secured.

2 I know of no method of increase that
will not interfere with the honey crop,
unless surplus can be obtained from some^
thing later than clover or basswood. I
would rather take one or more colonies for
increase entirely, and not weaken any
intended for storing. C. C. Millek.

It is Foolisli to send circulars to a list
of names that have been copied from old
copies of Journals. Many of such have
changed their addresses, and some are
dead We know of one who has been dead
for several years, but the usual batch of
circulars come through the mails every
year rand are consigned to the waste-
basket. The best way is to advertise in a
live Journal which has the newest addresses
regularly. Sending to old addresses is
•wasteful economy.

Bee-Escapes Mrs. L. Harrison has

this to say in the Prairie Fa)-me)- about
bee-escapes and their use :

These are " the latest fad," and are
receiving much polite attention from the
bee-keeping world. It appears to me as
though " Barkis is willin'," and that honey-
producers will accept them and put them
into practical use in their apiaries.

When honey is coming in, an empty case
of sections is put on, then the "escape,"
and above it the finished sections contain-
ing the bees. If an empty case of sections
is placed under the finished one without
any " escape," many bees will remain
there when it would be an advantage to
have them working in the empty case.

During a rush of work in the apiary, the
finished sections could remain upon the
hive, and it would be better to leave them
there, as the heat arising from the bees
would aid in curing it.

Appreciated.-The editor of Home
and Countrij, New York, thus mentions
our monthly :

The Illustrated Home Joubnal has been
recently paying our sanctum a ™it; »°<l
we have become so interested in its pages
that we hope it will come i-eg^^^lj '"J ^j^?
future It is a handsome magazine, nicely
Ulustrated and published for o°ly ^^ J^
year; though fit to grace the parlor, study,
or other retreat, of any household in the
Union.

Francesco Crispl. the Italian Prem-
ier, is undoubtedly, since the retii-ement of
Bismarck from the Chancellorship of the
German Empire, the most potent and pict-
uresque figure in European politics. A
striking portrait of the Sicilian statesman is
given in "Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly"
for May, with a very interesting article
entitled " Signor Crispi and the Italian
Chamber," by the Hon. George Makepeace
Towle.

'FMS' MUmmmiCmM W.MM J&VI¥tf%RTL.

277

^

Bce-Spafc Between Sections
W^iien Tiering-Up.

Written /or the American Bee Journal

Query 703.— Why is it necessary to have a
bee-space between tne sections iu tiering uij?—
Illinois.

It is desirable. — A. J. Cook.

It is not necessary. — Dad ant & Son.

It keeps them from being propolized. — A.
B. Mason.

To prevent propolis on the sections, and
killing bees.— C. C. Milleh.

It is not necessary, but it is more conven-
ient to have the spaces. — G. L. Tinker.

Perhaps by having a bee space, the upper
tier will have combs better joined to the
bottoms of the sections. — M. M.\niN.

It is more convenient, keeps the sections
freer from propolis, and prevents the crush-
ing of bees. — R. L. Taylor.

To faclitate the passage of the bees, and
to prevent them from propolizing the sec-
tions.— Mrs. L. Harrison.

So that the bees will not glue the whole
thing together; and to prevent killing bees
in manipulation. — G. M. Doolittle.

A " bee-space " between the sections is
not absolutely essential; but a bee-passage
way is necessary for the bees to pass from
one tier to the other. — J. P. H. Brown.

To prevent the bees from gluing the sec-
tions together, and to give free circulation
of bees, etc., to all parts of the sections. —
J. M. Hambaugh.

I do not know that it is, but / always do,
because I like the plan. I can tier up faster,
because I do not have to smoke the bees so
much to drive them out of the way. —
Eugene Secor.

I do not see any necessity, but perhaps I
do not understand the question. I always
put the sections on top of each other, with-
out a space, and I suppose that is the rule.
—J. E. Pond.

Just try tiering up awhile, and you will
find out ! Bees have a faculty of getting in
the way, and if no bee space is arranged,
many bees would be crushed, even with the
most careful haudling. — C. H. Dibbern.

In my yard last season I had about 40
hives with a bee-space above or between
the cases, and 20 with no space, the slats
in the upper case resting ou the lower sec-
tions, and I could see no difference in the
honey. You can work faster and kill no
bees, if you have a beespace of 5-16 of an
inch. — H. D. Cutting.

So that the supers may be easier handled.
A slatted honey-board over the frames
will be fastened to the frames, but the
super with a bee-space between it and the
honey-board, will not be fastened, except
with a little propolis around the edges,
where the parts touch. I like all supers to
have a bee-space above and below the sec-
tions, so that when removed from the hive,
it may be put upon a board without crush-
ing bees, and made secure from robbers.-
J. M. SnccK.

I can see in practical work as well as in
theory, a great many reasons why there
should be a bee-space between all the
departments of the hive when tiering up.
If there was no bee-space, hundreds of
bees would be sma,shed every time a sec-
tion-case was placed on a hive; and if it
was possible to smoke all the bees out of
the way, so as not to kill any of them, the

bees would glue the bottoms of the section-
cases fast to the toiis of the brood-frames,
or whatever it was made to rest on, if no
bee-space intervened. It will not do to
talk about doing away with the bee-space.
— G. W. Demaree.

It is not absolutely necessary to have a
bee-space between the sections in tiering
up; however, tliere are slight objections to
having the sections rest upou each i>ther.
Some of them may be enumerated even iu
the short space allowed iu this department.
We just now call to mind — glue, stings,
mashed bees, ann<jyance, bottoms of sec-
tions half pulled off— and a few other little
things like that. The bee-space will save
all this, and about three-fourths of the
time which would be expended in manipu-
lating the hives; liut if you are keeping
bees for the fun of it, never mind about the
time and annoyance.— James Heddon.

It is desirable, if not absolutely essential,
and prevents the destruction of bees and
the deposit of propolis there.— The Editor.

Distance Hives Should be from
the Cellar Bottom.

Written for the American Bee Journal

Query 704.— How far from the ground
should the hives be placed in a dry cellar,
when wintering bees V— Minnesota.

About one foot. — G. L. Tinker.

From one to two feet. — J. P. H. Brown.

Ten or twelve inches. — R. L. Taylor.

Perhaps twelve inches is far enough. — M.
Mahin.

Prom six to ten inches.— Mrs. L. Har-
rison.

Eighteen inches to two feet. — J. M. Ham-
baugh.

Not nearer than five or six inches. — J. E.
Pond.

A foot or two; but we have wintered
bees fairly in hives not over six inches
from the ground. — Dadant & Son.

Four inches, or just so that the air can
circulate well beneath.- A. J. Cook.

In my cellar the bottom tier is six inches
from the floor to the entrance, four tiers
high. — H. D. Cutting.

As a matter of convenience, mine are
about four inches. More, I think, would be
better.— C. C. Miller.

I raise the lowest tier of hives nine inches
from the bottom. — G. M. Doolittle.

I presume about 13 inches would be safe,
but my experience with cellar- wintering of
bees is limited, and entirely experimental.
— G. W. Demaree.

I do not know ; but the lowest tier of
mine is 8 inches from the ground, and the
top tier about 6 feet, — A. B. Mason.

I doubt if any arliitrary rule can be laid
down. It depends upon the cellar. I place
mine about a foot from the bottom, but I
do not know that it is necessary. — Eugene
Secor.

High enough so that the temperature of
the atmosphere in which the hive stands,
will not fall below 4.5 degi'ees, Fahr. The
floor of the cellar is likely to be the coldest
part of it. — J. M. Shuck.

The hives ought to stand not less than a
foot from the floor. I have placed them as
low as 4 inches, but the lower hives seem
to winter with more loss than those placed
from 2 to 4 feet high. — C. H. Dibbern.

If the cellar has no bottom either of
cement, wood or anything else, the hives
should be placed somewhere from an inch

to 8 feet, according to conditions, and liow
liable the bees are to die with the bee-
diarrhea.— Jamks Heddon.

They should be high enough to allow a
circulation of air— say 8 inches or more,
according to the size of the cellar and the
number of colonies to be put into it. — The
Editor.

YVuotI t«r Fee«lep UotloinM A

correspondent sends this question for reply
in the Bee Journal:

Will Mr. James Heddon please state what
he considers the best kind of wood, and
thickness, for the bottoms of his large
feeders?

Mr. Heddon answers the above query as
follows :

Either white wood, bass wood or pine will
do very well for the bottoms of my feeders.
Almost any wood — the lighter the better —
will work all right for the following rea-
sons:

1. We thoroughly paint the feeder inside
and out, bottom and all — not the divisions,
but simply the case proper, or box, before
the divisions are put in, which, of course,
will include the bottom-board.

2. A very important feature, is that the
bottom-board comes within the sides and end
pieces, and the whole is made of just such
a size that if any leaking should take place,
in or between the bottom and the sides and
end pieces, it could not leak anywhere
except inside the hive-

Agones of Honey. — There is some-
thing new popping up every now and then
in the honey market reports. Some few
years ago these report-makers insisted on
reporting strained-honey as in the market,
when there was not a pound of strained
honey to be found in the California market.
With the market-reporter all honey not in
the comb was strained honey, and the
extractor and extracted honey was a fiction
fabricated by the bee-keeper. Next came
the " warranted, guaranteed strictly pure,"
orange-blossom honey. The market re-
porter rolls this sweet quotation under and
over his commercial tongue with much
gusto, and it will doubtless serve him a
long time, but it is pure humbug all the
same. But to the Los Angeles Times mar-
ket reporter — Pasadena edition — belongs
the discovery of "Honey, 1-pound cones,
1.5 cents; 2-pouud cones, 30 and 3.0 cents."
Happy Pasadena ! As far as we know that
city has the pure and only original honey
cones in the world. What next ! — Rural
Callfornian.

CouTention Notices.

8^~ The next meetiDg of the Ciirolinfl Bee Keep-
ers' Association will be held in Cliarlotte, N. C, ou
Thursday, July 17, 1890. N. P. Lyles, >cc.

B^" The spring meeting of the Northern Illinois
Bee-Keepers' Association, will meet at the residence
of D. A. Fuller, in Cherry Valley. Ills., on May ::Ottl,
189*). D. A. Fuller. Sec.

B^" The next regular meeting of the Southwes-
tern Wisconsin Bcc-Keepers' Association will be
held at Boscobel, Wis., on Thursday, May 1.1H90.
at 10 a.m. BENJ. K. KICE. Sec.

ZW The l'2th annual session of the Texas State
Bee-Keepers' Association, will be held at Green-
ville, Hunt Co., Texas, on May 7 and -^. ishii. All in-
terested are inyited. J. N. Hunter. Sec.

tWThe spring meeting of the Capital Bee-Keepers'
Association, will be held in the Supervisor's Room
of the Court House at Springfield, Ills., at 10 a.m.,
on May 7. lS9o. The following subjects will be dis-
cussed: "Production and Care of Comb Honey," by
Jas. A. Stone: "Prevention of After-Swanns." by A.
I^ewis: and "Creating a Home M;irket.'' by G. F.
Robbins. All interested are cordially inyited to
attend. C B. yocosi. Sec.

278 T'H® MHiBMicMff mmi

WINTERING.

Preparins Bees for Winter— A
Simple Bee-Feeder.

Written Jor the American Bee Journal

BY ROBERT CARVER.

la this part of the country, the sea-
son of 1889 was a poor one, as far as
surplus honey was concerned, many of
the colonies putting in none at all, and
not only so, but when time to pack for
winter, many of them were short of
stores ; to malie up this deficieucy, I
fed the weak colonies with the over-
plus from the supers of the best colo-
nies, and about 500 pounds of confec-
tioner's standard A sugar, and so put
them in condition, as 1 thought, to
last them until March.

I packed them in boxes on the sum-
mer stands, four hives in a box, two
facing the east, and two facing the
west, alternately. My hives are all of
the same pattern, 8-frames about 8xl6J
inches ; over each hive I put a case of
chaff about live inches deep, and the
same size of the hive, with a cloth bot-
tom to come next to the bees ; but be-
fore placing the case over the bees, I
lay two strips of wood about J-inch
thick across the frames to hold the
chaff up, so that the bees can pass over
from one frame to another to get their
stores. Tliese strips of wood should
be nearly two inches apart. I then
put the board cover on top of the chaff

case the upper end of the cover to be

held lip from the case about the thick-
ness of a shingle-nail, so that the
sweat and daiupness can escape from
the chaff. Then all over and around
these. I pack with dry planer-shavings
from 4 to 6 inches thick, then over all
1 put a good double-board cover, which
makes them secure, except at the en-
trance.

From the hive to the outside of the
box 1 leave an entrance-way 3 inches
wide by 5-inch deep, which is left open
all winter. I next put on a storm-
porch on each side of the box, long
enough to cover the entrance of both
hivesT and giving the bees an air-space
of nearly one cubic foot of space for
each hive, and tight enough so that the
bees cannot get out, and snow and
mice cannot get in.

The bottom of the storm-porch is
' about an inch lower than the entrance-
way, so the bees cau carry out their
dead and drop them down into tlie
porch ; and the bees can walk out in
moderate weather.

Next, I cut a nicely-litting hand-hole
in front of each hive, so the apiarist

can open occasionally to keep the en-
trance clear of dead bees, or to give
the bees a flight, and to close the bees
in during bad weather in the spring,
when it is not safe for them to fly.

I have had doubts as to whether bees
need water in winter confinement,
when they are kept in without an op-
portunity of a flight from November
until April, but I think that I have
proved the fact that they will do well
confined for that length of time.

I packed my bees last fall about the
last week in October, and closed them
in about the middle of November, and
tliey were not out again until April 2,
1890. I had, after selling a few colo-
nies, 217 colonies, fall count, some of
which were put into winter quarters
quite light as far as food was con-
cerned ; and March being the hardest
month of the winter, it was difficult to
get at them in that month, so I let
them go until April ; the result was
that several colonies run out of food
and died, a few others proved to be
queenless, so they are quite light, but
aside from these, I have about 190
promising colonies, except that many
of them will need to be fed some to
bring them through to flowers.

I am now feeding nearly 200 colo-
nies each day, and for the benefit of
some one, who, like myself, may at
some future time be under the neces-
sity of feeding, I will describe a cheap
feeder which I am using, and I must
say that, after using various kinds and
styles of feeders, at quite an expense
of time and labor, this gives the best
satisfaction for early feeding, of any
that 1 have used.

It is simply a shallow tin dish, 3i
inches long by 2 inches wide, and J
inch deep ; placed across the frames
over the bees, and under the chaff"
ease, with a strip of wood laid across
the top of the dish from end to end to
hold up the cloth, so the bees can have
free access to it.

After the dish is placed, and the case
adjusted properly, to get the food into
it I used this plan : I had on hand
some sap-spiles about 4 inches long,
made of maple timber, and turned to
drive after a t-inch bit, with a hole
bored through the spile about the size
of a cell of worker-comb. I then took
a piece of paste-board about U inches
siiuare, through which a |-inch hole
had been bored ; the spile will project
tlirough this paste-board about 1 inch.
Now remove the chaff down to the
feeder, cut a hole through the cloth
close to the A-inch piece that is laid
over the dish or feeder, put the spile
through the cloth, with the paste-board
1 restiu'^ on the piece that is laid across
and over the cloth. Pack the chaff
I around the spile, and it is done.

Next, have a large spring-bottom
oil-can, and a tea-pot full of hot syrup

as hot as can be, and not burn tlie

bees. I use a common market-basket
to carry them in, so that I can set them
down to raise and lower the cover to
the box as I go along (I have fed 32
colonies in 16 minutes, including open-
ing and closing the covers). Have a
short piece of wire to reach down into
the feeder of very weak or doubtful
colonies, to ascertain whether tliey
have eaten it up clean. All good col-
onies will devour it in a hurry. A
little testing of the •'can" before you
begin, will tell you the quantity that
you want in each feeder.

Manton, Mich., April 9, 1890.

SUPERS.

A New Super for the Open-Side
Sections.

Written for fheAvierlcan Bee Journal

BY JOSHOA BOLL.

On page 232, Mr. M. M. Baldridge
calls " foi- something better than what
we have been using" in the line of
section supers. Now I would like to
say to all interested in this subject,
that I use a super (a device of my
own), which I call "The Victoria
Super ;" it combines nearly all the
features which Mr. B. mentions as
desirable, and one important point
which he does not speak of, and may
not have thought of, viz : It is es-
pecially adapted to the use of open-
side sections.

This super is provided with slats in
the bottom for the sections to rest
upon, the bottom slats being made
just the pattern of a one-piece section
before it is folded up, so that when the
sections rest upon them in the super,
the bottom of the section is completely
protected from the bees; then by
means of " followers " in one side and
one end, and thumb-screws to adjust
them, the sections are tightly pressed
too-ether, both sidewise and endwise,
solihat it is not possible for the bees to
inject any propolis between them.

Everv section is held perfectly true
and sq'uare, and so firmly in place
that the super can be turned bottom
uiiwards, and tumbled around in
almost any shape, and the sections
will not move nor get out of place.
The sections are completely protected
from the bees on all sides, except the
top It can be used with or without
separators, at the option of the
operator.

The Victoria super was first devised
for the express use of open-side sec-
tions, but it is equally well adapted to
anv other kind. When open-side sec-

Tmm m^mmmi^mn

j&jumMmiu.

279

tions are used, it allows a bee-passage
all around the outside of the sections,
thus obviating the difficulty of the sec-
tions being glued to the ends of the
super.

When the sections are to be talcen
out, just loosen the thumb-screws, re-
move the followers, and then the sec-
tions can be lifted out at leisure with-
out the slightest danger of injuring the
comb.

I have used these supers the past two
seasons ; and I think that there is noth-
ing like them. I do not make any to
sell ; they are not patented, and every-
body is at liberty to make and use as
many as they wish, and the more they-
are used the better I shall feel pleased.
I sent one of these supers to the Inter-
national Bee-Keepers' Convention at
Brantford. Ont., last December, in or-
der that those who attended that meet-
ing might see how it is constructed,
and make and use them if they de-
sired to do so. I wish Mr. Baldridge
would give them a trial.
Seymour, Wis.

^'^^■*- - -■ ■

LARGE HIVES.

Bee-Culture and Bee-Keeping
tlie Ditference.

Written for the. American Bee Jowmal

BY D. MILLARD.

A great many people seem to have
an idea that bees will not only work
for nothing and board themselves, but
will, if furnished with what Josh
Billings would have called " an auto-
matic, self-adjusting, non-swarming,
ever-controllable bee-hive," leave their
owners nothing to do but to crate the
honey, as the hive and bees will dis-
charge the filled sections, as would an
ordinary brick-machine.

Again, others seem to think that all
that is required is one kind of a re-
pository of the capacity of an ordinary
freight car, that while the bees are
filling in at one end, they can be un-
loading at the other — no theoretical
knowledge or practical experience
being required, and just manual labor
sufficient for healthful exercise !

Prof. Cook has said that there is a
vast difference between being a bee-
kecper and a bee-cuUiirist. If one has
no desire to become a practical apicul-
tnrist, but merely wishes to keep bees,
a huge box, or honey-house, as de-
scribed on page 203, isperhap.s all that
is needed. If the season is favorable,
he will probably get some honey with-
out much effort on his part ; but if the
season is unfavorable, he will get
neither honey nor increase. I experi-
mented with such a hive 40 years ago,
and, as Mr. Heddon says, one trial
proved sufficient.

CUPBOAIID BEE-HIVES.

There are a great many such hives
in use in this vicinity at the present
day. They are called " cupboards,"
as they have a door in one side, with a
glass panel, and a knob attached, that
gives them the appearance of a piece
of dining-room furniture. It has
openings through the upper side, over
which are placed surplus boxes, which,
strange to say, are sometimes occupied
and filled, or partly so.

It has 16 frames below, that might
barely be considered movable ; they
are 15i inches deep, by lOJ inches
wide, with a horizontal cros.s-bar placed
a little below the centre of the frame,
beneath which is usually bnilt only
drone-comb. They are usually put in
the upper room of a dwelling-house or
wood-shed, with an opening through
the wall for the bees to pass in and
out.

These hives have been pronounced
as non-swarming, which is true with
some, but in a good season the bees in
a majority of them swarm out from
once to four times.

I have often been asked by some
admirer of these " cupboards," for my
opinion of them ; and not infrequently
it would be received unpleasantly, if
ever so kindly given. Over three years
ago I sent a description of one to a
bee-paper, asking advice as to its
probable utility for securing comb
honey, hoping thus to get an opinion
through the query column, which
would somewhat relieve me ; but the
editor sent it back with a big "NO!
the shallower the frames, the better ;"
thinking, no doubt, that the question
was of too little importance to give it
further attention. Nevertheless, nearly
500 such hives are now in use in this
county alone, and by nearly that num-
ber of single individuals, who are
mostly farmers, and seldom keep more
than one colony to each farm ; yet a
majority of these men pronouncethem
a success, or at least they prove satis-
factory to them, and I doubt if half a
dozen of the whole 500 ever take a
bee-paper of any kind.

These hives are all manufactured
and sold by a man living in this State,
who has been in the business for over
20 years. A near neighbor of mine
has had one in continual use for about
that length of time, and his bees of to-
day are all descendants of his first
queen. He usually secures some sur-
plus honey, and breeds up bees enough
that ought to secure him three or four
times as much more, and would, were
it not stored in the huge brood-cham-
ber below. This extra amount of
stores, together with the vast amount
of space, for which there is no pro-
visions made f<n' reducing, all to be
kept warm, often proves too much for

the b(;es. The cluster becomes too
much spread, and the outer bees chill
and fall to the bottom, until in the
spring the colony is reduced to, or be-
low, the size of an ordinary colony,
when they slowly re-build again.
Thei'c has been an unnecessary amount
of stores, together with too large a
spa,ce for the capacity of the queen.
This extra amount of stores is carried
over and soiled until unfit for anything
but the bees ; whereas, it should have
been stored where it couM have been
taken off as surplus, and the bees win-
tered in less space. If they die out, as
they often do, another swarm is hived
upon the same old combs, a large por-
tion of which is store or drone comb ;
and which the peculiar construction of
the hive has made it impossible to
remove.

Another great objection to this sys-
tem of bee-keeping is this : The worse
than useless rearing of so many drones,
all of which perhaps are from an in-
ferior queen, with no possible way to
get at and displace, anj' more than
would be with a log gum. This im-
mense amount of inferior drones, more
or less affects the grade of all the bees
for miles around, thus making thor-
ough bee-culture practically impos-
sible within their range.

Mendon, Mich.

PRIZE ESSAY.

Extracted Honey — Its Produc-
tion, U§e and Sale.

Written Jor the American Bee Jowmal

BY S. L. WATKINS.

of Nature's
pure liquid

Extracted honey is one
purest sweets — it is the
honey, just as it comes from the
flowers. By the present methods of
management, and the use of the
honey-extractor, the honey is sep-
arated from the virgin combs without
heat, or pressure. There are no dead
bees, no crushed brood, pollen, or bee-
bread — nothing but the clear, pure
honey, just as it is taken from the
flowers by the bees, entirely free from
all taste of bee-bread, and foreign
substances.

The antique method of taking the
honey from the combs was really a
compound of pollen, young bees, bee-
stings, etc. It is quite easy to see how
unhealthy hone}' obtained in this man-
ner would be.

To extract the honey, the comb is
taken from the hive, the bees shaken,
or brushed oft", and the comb then
taken to the extractor, uncapped, with
a knife made especially for that pur-
pose ; two to four frames, according
to the size of the extractor, are placed

280

ntmm MMKMICfCff MMM J@iafMl«MI.f.

in at a time ; the crank is turned
around a few times, and the honey is
thrown from the combs by means of
centrifugal force, without injuring the
combs ; the combs are reversed, so that
the other side may receive a similar
"whirl."

The combs are now ready to be re-
turned to the hives. Thus the combs
are saved, and bees waste no time or
honey in constructing new ones.

From recent experiments, it is con-
ceded that it requires from 12 to 15
pounds of honey to make one pound
of wax, thus it is plainly seen that the
use of the honej'-extractor saved the
15 pounds of honey required for wax,
to say nothing at all of the time con-
sumed. Again, the honey obtained in
this way is perfectly pure, conse-
quently it is more pure than even
comb honey — the wax in comb honeyt
it is said on good authority, being in-
digestible.

Extracted honey can be put to a
great many uses ; it is equal, or even
better, so a great many claim, than
sugar for preserving fruits.

Honey is a true brain and nerve
tonic ; it favors the cure of all pulmo-
nary diseases, coughs, colds, etc. ; it is
invaluable for making cakes, cookies,
puddings, pies, cooking green and
dried fruit, making vinegar,beverages,
etc.

Honey is now used to a great extent
in manufacturing a great man}' difl'er-
ent kinds of candies ; also for preserv-
ing meat. It would be difficult to
think of anything more strengthening
and nourishing than this product,
fresh from Nature's laboratory.

The many uses to which honey may
be put are too numerous to mention in
a single article. The use of extracted
honey is becoming world-wide.

One of the greatest secrets in the
extracted-honey business, is to liave all
of the extracted honey thoroughly
ripened before putting it on the mar-
ket. A great many have destroyed
their home market, by selling green,
or unripened, honey. Honey ripened
in the hive is far better than that
I'ipened artificially ; it preserves the
delicate aroma better, and it is quite
ea.sy to distinguish the source of bloom
from which it was gathered. In this
climate it requires from two to four
weeks to ripen sufficient before taking
it ofi'.

Honey that contains a great per-
centage of water, requires a longer
time to )ipon. Honey that has been
gatliered from the various wild sages
of California, when properly ripened,
has a sparkling clearness, and the
flavor is pure and exquisite.

Honey gathered from the many
varieties of penny-royal, and some of
the species of mints, has a strong,

aromatic flavor, so as to be somewhat
objectionable. New, or unripened
honey, sometimes has a disagreeable
odor and taste.

OHIO.

PACKAGES FOR EXTRACTED HONEY.

Stone crocks, or jars, are splendid
to keep extracted honey in, if you are
going to keep it any length of time ;
and if it candies, it can be easily cut
out at any time when wanted.

I always draw the honey out of my
honey-tanks into small glass jars, and
five and ten pound cans, before it
starts to candy.

A great many kinds of honey will
candy sooner or later — in fact, that is
one of the best evidences of its purity ;
advilterated honey will not candy. To
bring it to the liquid form, after it has
candied, heat the can slowly, by
placing it in a vessel of warm water —
not too hot, so as to scald it; — and in a
few moments it will return to the
liquid form.

Extracted honey, to sell well, should
be put up in neat, attractive packages
— the fine appearance of an article is
sometimes half its sale. The Mason
and Muth jars are fine for retailing
extracted honey in the home market.

In California, in most of the large
apiaries, the honey is run from the
extractor into tanks, holding from
1,000 to 20,000 pounds.
After the honey is
the producer intends
much of
draws it

Report of the State Bee-Keep>
crs' Convention.

Written f<jr the American Dee Journal

BY MISS DEMA BENNETT.

settled, and if

to dispose of

it in his home market, he

ofl' into five and ten pound

cans ; but if he intends to ship it any
distance, he uses the 60-pound cans,
two in a case, as shown on page 270.

Extracted honey should be kept in
a dry, warm room ; if the room is
damp, it draws the moisture, which,
in time, destroys the aroma, and
makes the honey thin and watery.

The past was an "ofi" year "in the
extracted honey business here. On
account of a short crop, prices have
ranged from 25 to 50 per cent, better ;
so that producers who have secured
half a crop, have made pretty satis-
factory returns.

One thing can be said in favor of
California honey, viz : Nineteen out of
twenty cases are absolutely pure
honey. Extracted honey is at such a
reasonable price that there is nothing
that it can be adulterated with, that
would pay to do so.

The honey produced in California is,
without doubt, the finest in the world,
both as regards color and flavor. Not^
withstanding the discouragements of
dry seasons now and then, the ex-
tracted-honey business is bound to in-
crease. The honey crop in this State
for the year 1889, was 1,092,900
pounds.

Placerville, Calif.

The Ohio State Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation held its annual meeting in
Cleveland, O., on Feb. 19 and 20, 1890.

Owing to the absence of the Presi-
dent, Mr. H. R. Boardman, and the
Vice-President, John Calvert, the con-
vention was called to order by the
Secretary, Miss Dema Bennett, when.
Dr. C. C. Miller, of Illinois, being pres-
ent, he was called upon to preside un-
til the arrival of the President.

Mr. F. A. Eaton was appointed As-
sistant Secretary.

The following is a list of those at-
tending the convention :

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, Ills.
Dr. A. B. Mason, Auburndale, O.
E. Hanchett, Cleveland, O.
J. F. Moore, Rockaway, O.
H. F. Moore, Rockaway, O.

E. K. Root, Medina. O.

F. G. Feutou, BluCftoTi, O.

O. J.Terrell, Nortb Ridgefleld, 0.

N. T. Phelps, Kingsville, O.

Marcus Holtz, Tiffin, O.

J. S. Barb, Oakfleld, O.

N. Case, Oranj^eville, O.

B. F. Jenkins, Willoughby, O.

Dr. I. N. Noland, Independence, 0.

Bruce Hobbs, Danville, O.

B. T. Bleasdale, Cleveland, O.

C. A. Graves, Birmingham, O.
J. R. Chaffee, Breoksville, O.
C. R. Page, Streetsborro, O.

C. A. Camp, Painesville, O.
J. B. Hains, Bedford, O.
M. E. Ellsworth, Hudson, O.
Daniel Bishop, Harpersville, O.
E. M. Johnson, Mentor, O.
A. 1. Root, Medina, O.
O, J. Post, Chagrin Falls, O.
P. A. Eaton, Bluttton, O.
S. F. Newman, Norwalk, O.

D. B. Lovelt, Crestline, O.
H. R. Boardman, East Townsend. O.
Daniel White, New London, O.

A. Webster, Painesville, O.
Theo. F. Shephard. Cleveland, O.
Asher M. Coe, Coe Ridge, O.
Samuel Patterson, Berlin Heights, O.
Dr. G. L. Tinker, New Philadelphia, O.
Warren Pierce, Garrettsville, O.

B. Wells, Fostoria, O.
O. D. Neweomb, liui'ton, O.
W. A. Biteman, Westminister, O.
Chas. McClave, New London, O.
H. M. Parker, Plymouth, O.
G. V. E. Mellinger, Canton, O.

B. H. Woodman, Painesville, O.

C. H. Coon, New Lyme, O.
A. B. Munn, Macedonia, O.
Dr. H. Besse, Delaware, O.
J. H. Smith, Canton, O.
Geo. Spitler, Mosiertown, Pa.
S. M. Turner, Dempseytown, Pa.
C. H. France, Erie. Pa.

LADIES.

Mrs. A. B. Mason, Auburndale, O.
Mrs. A. I. Root, Medina, O.
Mrs. E. R. Root, Medina. O.
Mrs. J. B. Hains, Bedford, O.
Mrs. B, T. Bleasdale. Cleveland, O.
Mrs. H. F. Moore: Hoekaway, O.
Mrs. O. D. Newconil), Burton, O.
Mrs. P. Tremoliii, Garrettsville, O.
Mrs. Frank Foster. Cleveland, O.
Mrs. E. M. Johnson, .Mentor, O.
Mrs. N. Case, Orangoville, O.
Mrs. C. H. Evnou, Cleveland, O.
Mrs. E. C. Smith, South Cleveland, O.
Mrs. L. H. Brown, liissells.O.
Miss Hattie Brown, IJissells, O.
Miss Constance Root, Medina, O.
Miss Anna. Johnson, Mentor, O.
Miss Dema Bennett, Bedford, 0.

TMK mWiMmiCR-H WMM JO-IIRNRI,.

281

The reading of the minutes of the
last meeting was dispensed with, and
the first essay, by H. D. Cutting, of
Clinton, Mich., was called for, whieh,
in the absence of its author, was read
by the Secretary, as follows :

Protliicinc Comb and Extracted
Honey in the Same Apiary.

Locality is the first thing to be taken
into consideration. Many localities
produce honey dark in color the entire
season. In this case, it is best to work
entirely for extracted honey. In many
localities honey comes in 'so slowly, that
the bees will not get it in presentable
shape for market ; again, it is best to
work entirely for extracted honey.

If in a good locality where white
clover abounds, followed by basswood,
and the bees bring in large quantities
of honey everj- day during the honey-
flow, then it is best to work for comb
honey— -provided you are adapted to
run an apiary exclusively for comb
honey.

I will venture the assertion, that not
more than one honey-producer in ten,
is qualified to produce and market
comb honey successfully. Now this
may seem strange to many, yet it is a
fact. Go wliereyou will, you will find
slovenly honey-producers — persons not
adapted to the handling of comb
honey. When you find a man that has
the assistance of a good woman, you
will find comb honey in good shape for
market. Almost invariably when you
find a woman at the head of an apiary,
you will find comb honej- in fine condi-
tion— they are adapted to the produc-
tion of comb honey.

If you go into an apiary during ex-
tracting time, and find a person with
honey on his hands, plenty on his
clothes, nearly as much on the floor as
in the can, all implements daubed with
honey, the handle to the extractor
covered with honey, with no pan of
water and cloth handy to clean up anj'
honey out of place — then and there
you will find a person not adapted to
handle comb honey. If he should be
so fortunate as to secure a good crop
of honey, he would spoil it all with his
manner of handling it ; and this is not
all — his honej' would spoil the market
for some more-favored comb-honey
producer.

When honey is taken to the market
with propolis on every section, with
the producer's "trademark" in the
shape of dirty finger-marks on every
package, then the dealer will see at a
glance that it is not in proper condi-
tion, and he will give from two to
three cents per pound under the regu-
lar market price. When the neat and
tasty prf)ducers brings their product to
market, they are met with — " I have
just bought 75 pounds of Mr. So-and-

So, for so much ;" and you are expected
to take the same.

If persons who have no taste to
have things look nice, would confine
themselves to extracted honey, then
the market for comb honey would be
much better in many localities. If the
persons working for extracted honey
would confine themselves to that pro-
duct, they can produce honey at a less
cost per pound Ihan where comb and
extracted is j)rodueed in the same
apiary. Each production has its own
system, and they do not woi'k well
together.

I think that it is best to adopt one
regular system, and work to that as
nearly as circumstances will allow,
bring "all things" to that system —
have an object point and work to it, if
you wish to succeed as a honey-pro-
ducer ; and always i-emember that
"locality and circumstances" must
govern in all cases.

H. D. Cutting.

In the discussion which followed,
Dr. Mason said that localities were so
difi'erent in honey-resources, that it
was hard to fix a rule. What would
apply to one locality, would not apply
to another. Work for comb honey
when honey is coming in freely, and
for extracted honey afterward. Get
ready — get supplies in time.

A. I. Root — To produce comb honey
especiallj' — in fact, any honey — you
must be ready in time.

Dr. Miller wants more supplies than
he thinks he will need — better have
some left over than to be short when
needed.

J. B. Hains pi'oduces about one-
third comb honey, and two-thirds ex-
tracted. He always has the best
results in working for comb honey in
the flush of the honey-flow ; after that
he takes oft' the sections and uses the
extractor. This prevents having a lot
of unfinished sections at the close of
the season. He works the home api-
ary for extracted honey and queen-
rearing ; prefers light-colored combs,
as the honey will be nicer — dark
brood-combs will make the honey
darker. We must be ready for the
season in advance.

Dr. Mason uses old combs in ex-
tracting, and says that his honey is A
No. 1.

J. F. Moore produces about one-
fourth comb honey, and the rest ex-
tracted. It takes more time to work
for comb honey. If he works for that
alone, the bees will swarm more. Some
customers want comb honey, and some
want extracted, and by working for
both, we can please both classes of
patrons.

H. F. Moore — It gives a man a bet-
ter name where he produces both kinds

of honey. People have confidence in
a comlj-honey producer, that they do
not have when he has only extracted
honey for sale.

It was generally agreed that the
main point was to be ready for the
honey-How when it conies. Three-
fourtlis of those present produce both
comb and extracted honey in the same
apiary.

WOMEN IN THE APIARY.

The question of woman's help in
apiaries was next discussed.

Dr. Mason would rather not have
the women around, while F. A. Eaton
could not get along without the help of
his wife, as she will do the work up in
better shape than he would. While he
is doing the heavy work, his wife puts
foundation in sections, and does a
great deal of other light work.

H. F. Moore finds that women are
the best hands to keep things in order.

Dr. Mason knows that women are a
wonderful help, but, to be serious
about it, many men are killing their
wives to keep from hiring, and he
thought too much of his wife for that
— except, perhaps, at swarming time.

Dr. Miller said that if he goes to an
out-apiary without the women, he can-
not find anything, and when he wants
to go home, all the tools are scattered
around the yard. Women straighten
things up better than men do, and
keep them in better shape.

A recess of ten minutes was then
taken, after which the President, Mr.
H. R. Boardman, being present, called
the convention to order, and appointed
the committees. ,

A. I. Root then addres.sed the coii-
vention, his topic being,

SHALL WE ATTEND CONVENTIONS ?

Mr. Root believes most heartily in
attending conventions, because it pays.
Even though it does not alw\ays pay in
dollars and cents, it pays to get away
from cares and business — to get ac-
quainted with those engaged in the
same pursuit. We also forget self.
He used to think that we ought to stay
at home, but Prof. Cook got him out
of that notion, and he finds now that
he was mistaken.

If you attend, take a part in the dis-
cussions, and learn to talk — he was
formerly bashful, but had gotten over
it. He had. been accused of talking
too much, but that did not oiFend him.
He related how Prof. Cook, at a Michi-
gan convention, made each person
present in turn say something on the
subject which was being considered,
and he thought that it was a good plan.
He would also make the question-box a
prominent feature of the convention.

A short discussion followed, in which
Dr. Miller urged those who attend

282

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conventions to speak plainly — put
stress on the consonants, show that
you feel what you say. He would not
take time to read the minutes, which
nearly all have read before.

H. F. Moore said that to make a
convention interesting, be there your-
self, even though it costs money. The
information one gets, pays. Tell your
friends to come and participate ; they
will then thank you.

F. A. Eaton has attended the meet-
ings of this Association for several
years, and it has paid him in money
value, to say nothing of the gain in
the social part of such gatherings.

Dr. Miller, at a convention, saw a
little device, from which, he had no
doubt, came the T super.

After some miscellaneous business,
the convention adjourned to meet at
1:30 p.m. Dema Bennett, Sec.

CANADA.

Report or the Haldiuiaiid Bee-
Keepers' Convention.

The annual meeting of the Haldi-
mand, Ont., Bee-Keepers' Association
was held at Cayuga, on March 22,
1890. In the absence of the President,
Mr. James Jack was called to the
chair. The minutes of the last meet-
ing were read and confirmed.

Among the subjects discussed was,

SPRING MANAGEMENT OF BEES.

Mr. Kindree said that the best way
to manage for spring, was to see that
the bees had plenty of honey in the
fall. He favored crowding the bees
on as few frames as possible, and
keeping them warm.

Mr. Rose agreed with Mr. Kindree
as to crowding bees on a few frames,
and keeping them warm ; he did not
approve of spreading combs too early.
Packing in the spring is of more im-
portance than in the fall.

The chairman said that he had not
much experience in spring manage-
ment, but gave the plan of others.

The election of officers resulted as
follows : President, Frank Rose : Vice-
President, Wm. Kindree ; Secretary
and Treasurer, E. C. Campbell ; and
Directors, James Armstrong, Israel
Overholt, John Bell, Robert Coverdale,
and F. Mehlenbacher.

REARING QUEENS — INCREASE.

Mr. Coverdale asked whether it was
advisable to start to rear queens in
April so as to divide and make new
colonies ? The general opinion of the
meeting was against the practice.

Mr. Overholt asked for the best way
to prevent increase of swarms. Mr.
Rose said that his plan was to put on
extra stories, giving them plenty of

room, and putting two swarms into
one hive.

It was decided that this Association
affiliate with the Ontario Bee-Keepers'
Association, and that the Secretary be
instructed to send $5 to the Secretary
of the latter Association.

The next meeting of this Association
will be held at Cayuga, on Saturday,
May 17, an 1 o'clock.

E. C. Campbell, Sec.

BEGINNING.

An Experience in Coninienoing;
to Keep Bees.

Written for the American Bee Jouriial
BY J. P. SMITH.

The beginner has to commence at
the foot of the hill, and learn by ex-
perience. True, he should have some
knowledge of bees and their ways, in
order to begin. He needs to x-ead
"Bees and Honey," or some other
good bee-book, and should take one or
more bee-periodicals.

For about eight years previous to
1886, I had tried to keep bees in box-
hives, but I failed to keep them. Part
of the time I would have some, and
then again some spring would open
and find me destitute. I would tlien
buy a colony or two more. I con-
tinued thus until the summer of 1886,
which found me entirely without bees,
and about as destitute of bee-knowl-
edge. There were none but brown or
German bees anywhere in this vicinity,
and none but box-hives. If / could
succeed, any one may. I had one
qualification, however, that may be
deemed requisite, viz : I had a hun-
gering and thirsting for a knowledge
of bees and their habits.

In the midst of these surroundings,
I began to read the American Bf.e
Journal, and from it came the first
ray of light. I learned of the book,
'■ Bees and Honey," written by Thomas
C Newman, which I procured, when
more light came.

A neighbor oft'ered me the bees from
two colonies that he was going to
brimstone for the honey. I then
bought two movable-frame hives, with
necessarj' fixings to begin bee-keeping,
including a bee-smoker. By the time
I had the " transferring tools " all to-
gether, it was Sept. 25. I read that
"June is the month of swarming, and
tlie best time to transfer be^es from the
common to movable frame hives is
about the season of swarming;" but,
late as it was, I loaded the tools into
a wagon, and started for the bees.

With unpracticed hands, in an awk-
ward way, I succeeded in filling the
frames with empty combs, the owner
reserving all the honey. I left them

on the old stands to fasten the combs
in the frames, and in three days I
brought them home, taking off the
"wired sticks," as the combs were
well fastened. I prepared some feed-
ers, and sugar syrup, by taking eight
pounds of granulated sugar to two
quarts of soft water, and bringing it to
a boil over a slow tire, skimming it,
and being sure not to burn it. I fed
it at night, both at the entrance and
on top of the frames.

I next got a blank book for a " bee-
register." On the first page I entered
"No. 1; transferred Sept. 25, 1890."
On the fifth page I entered "No. 2 ;
transferred Sept. 25, 1886." I mai'ked
the hives to correspond. These hives
have not been empty since, and the
bees in them are in good condition.

Using the smoker, I examined the
colonies occasionally, watching the
increase of stores, until each had 30
pounds of nicely capped honey. About
Nov. 10, I surrounded the hives with a
box six inches larger on all sides than
the hives, preparing a winter passage
out from the entrance. I put Hill's
device on top of the frames, covering
them with burlap, and a chaff cushion
six inches thick. I tilled the space
between the hive and the outside box
with wheat chaff (I deem dry planer
shavings just as good), and left them
on the summer stands for the winter.

Sunapee, N. H.

MIGRATION.

Experience with 9Ii|?ratory Bee-
Keeping on the mississippi.

Written for the Amerirjy.n Bee Journal
BY BYRON WALKER.

It appears from certain articles re-
cently published in the American Bee
Journal, that several parties, at least,
are becoming somewhat concerned as
to the out-come of my migratory
scheme. Having already presented my
views at length, while this topic was
the special one for discussion in the
Review, I have no desire to discuss the
subject further at this time. Still,
certain statements witli regard to my
doings in the past, and intentions in
the future, on the part of these corres-
pondents seem to require some expla-
nation by me.

On page 145, Mr. M. M. Baldridge,
in commenting on this migratory en-
terprise as conducted by me last sea-
son, concludes that it has resulted in
failure, compared with what might
have l)een the result, had the same
number of colonies been purchased in
'Wisconsin instead of Tennessee, since
I only secured some 0,500 pounds of
honey — about two-thirds comb — from
about 100 colonies, at an expense of

XHE^ Mvmmmi^mM mm^ jQiummmi^.

283

fcA^*^A^A^A^A^J>^J

$700, incliKliii';- first cost of bees,
while he obtained about 7,000 ijouuils
of extracted honey from 50 colonies.
True, lie obtained a larger ratio of in-
crease than I did, but as bees worked
for extracted honey do not commonly
winter as well as those worked for
comb honey, the difterence in this re-
spect will not be apt to be an impor-
tant item.

Perhaps the figures given justify Mr.
B's conclusion ; if so, I fail to see why,
especially as his bees were located (if
I am correct)on a selected, unoccupied
location, while mine, at both cuds of
the route, were almost of necessity
placed on preoccupied ones.

In writing upon this subject before,
I gave ray reasons for the partial fail-
ure of this venture ; but while Mr. B.
has read these, he has seen fit in writ-
ing up this matter, to ignore them al-
together, while at the same time he
would have us believe that he, a
veteran specialist, while handling but
50 colonies of bees, allowed half of the
harvest to be wasted.

Again, Mr. B. tells us that it will not
pay to make more than one move in
shipping bees from New Orleans to
Wisconsin ; and that this becomes ab-
solutely necessary (Italics are mine) be-
cause of the loss iu bees and brood
incident to the journey. Now I can
conceive that this might be true, if the
colonies shipped were not provided
with water, and the shipment delayed
until the hot weather that comes in
May, in that latitude (as Mr. B. thinks
best) ; as under these conditions, the
long confinement, and constant jar-
ring, inseparable from such a trip bj^
rail, coukl hardly result otherwise than
in depleted colonies.

Mr. Stevenson, of St. Charles, Mo.,
who has had not a little experience in
this direction, prefers (if I mistake
not) to ship early in April, after the
main harvest from willow has been
secured. This would give plenty of
time to stop in Arkansas or southern
Tennessee for the poplar flow, even
when shipping by boat ; and as the
weather is then far more favorable for
shipping, and the distance in this case
being only about one-third as great,
the liability of loss is not an important
factor. In fact, if the bulk of the old
bees are sent iu cages in advance, by
express, this risk wold be trifling in-
deeil ; anil as a much larger numljer of
colonies in this event can be safely
sent in a given compass, the expense
would not be much greater. What
would be true in this instance, would
also apply to other moves, to points
further north, to secure other harvests.

By the by, I fail to understand how
Mr. B. reconciles the very positive
statement given above, with that made
in a letter which I now have before

me, bearing no very ancient date, in
which he favors two stops instead of
one — the first in Tennessee or Ken-
tucky, and the second, and final one,
in Illinois or Wisconsin. Mr. B. says
further: "It is Mr. Walker's idea to
come up the Mississippi by boat, to
catch the honey-llow along the route to
Wisconsin (Italics are mine). When
he has gone tlirough the mill, as I and
some others have," etc. No doubt
" the mill " referred to was the floating
one started by ('. O. Perrine, through
which we are told that he succeeded
in running $5,000 in cash and 2,000
colonies of bees on its trial trip. Well,
I am happy to say that I had nothing
to do with that ill-conceived and worse
executed project ; and fail to see what
bearing it can have on one that is
properly planned and conducted.

My reasons for regarding the plan
of moving bees up this river by boat
for securing different harvests, as a
practical one, have been published,
and need not be repeated here. I will
simplj- s-xy that the plan included only
one more stop than Mr. B. favored,
but proposed starting a month earlier
than he would.

But Mr. B's rehearsal of my pro-
posed plan of procedure, it seems, has
had the effect of a'^ousing the ire of
other correspondents. Mr. Ehl, ou
page 219, from the somewhat vehe-
ment language used in freeing his
mind on this subject, has evidently
already caught a view of a huge boat-
load of bees fitted up expressly to take
the honey-flow nil along the river — an
expression that he does not hesitate to
construe in its most literal sense.

Now I wish to say for Mr. E's bene-
fit, that the reason why Mr. Walker
cannot stay at home and make the
business pay, is because a once first-
class home location has of late (like
the one Mr. E. speaks of leaving) be-
come " no good for bees." This is
parti}- because too many have been
anxious to share its benefits with me
(there being now some 700 colonies on
the range), and partly because of ter-
rible fires devastating the country.

No, I can assure Mr. Ehl, that I
have suffered too much from other
apiarists locating on my range, to
willingly interfere with others iu like
manner — even though self-interest
should fail to teach me better ; and I
trnst that it will be a relief to Mr. E.
to learn that it is not a part of my
plan to make even one stop in the
whole State of Iowa — except, perhaps,
to buj- a few tons of honey, as is mj'
cu.stom each year ; and as the parties
of whom I bought last year in Wiscon-
sin, expect me to buy their crops
again the coming season, I may not
stop at all.

Capac, Mich.

CONVE^VTIOIV DIRECTORY.

1890. Time and place of meeting.

May 1.— Southwestern WIeconsin, at Boscobel. Wl8.
Benj. B. Ilice, Sec, Boscobel, Wis.

May 3.— ausquehanna Co.. at Hopbottora, Pa.

H. M. Seeley, Sec. Uartord, Pa.

May 7.— Capital, at Sprinefleld, Illsi.

C. K. Yocom. Sec, Sherman. Uls.

May 7, k.— Texas State, at Greenville. Tejt.

.1. N. Hunter, Sec, Celeste, Tex.

May 17.— Ualdimand, at Cayuga, Ont.

E. C. Campbell, Sec, Cayuua, Ont.

May 20.— Northern Illinois, at Cherry Valley, Ills.
D. A. Fuller. Sec, Cherry VaUey, Ills.

July 17.— Carolina, at Charlotte, N. C.

N. P. i,yles, Sec, Derita N. C.

In order to have this table complete.

Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time aud the place of
each future meeting. — The Editor.

Afraid of Spring: O-windlins.

Bees have wintered well in this section,
owing to the unusually mild winter; but
the spring, so far, is as severe as we are
accustomed to. March was, as usual, full
of cold winds; we had the heaviest fall of
snow and the coldest weather during its
blusters, and although we did not get "six
weeks sleighiug in March," we did get a
little ice, and it was a little — not exceeding
six inches in thickness. I have 5 1 colonies
of bees in good condition out of 54 packed
on the summer stands last fall. We are
afraid of "spring dwindling," as the mer-
cury continues so low (below freezing to-
day), and we have so much north wind. I
hope for a prosperous season.

Clarence W. Wilkiss.

Cortland, N. Y., AprU 11, 1890.

Salt tor 4jirttins: Rid of Ants.

On page 173, John H. Christie speaks of
ants being ver}^ troublesome. He wishes
that preserve and honey stands were made
with a little cup around the stand that will
hold a spoonful or so of coal-oil, so that it
will keep out the ants. In my opinion,
coal-oil should never be placed near honey,
especially upon the same glass vessel, if
you want to try such an experiment, place
the preserve or honey stand in a plate with
a little coal-oil in the plate, and see what
the results will be.

I will give a recipe for keeping away
ants — a recipe that I give to all to whom I
sell honey ; it should be on every honey-
label. It is this : Spread a little salt on the
floor or shelf before placing upon it the
honey, milk, butter, lard, or any thing that
ants will bother, and they will never find
it. I hope that this will be of some benefit
to Mr. C. and his customers, as well as to
many others, for ants should never stand
in the way of selling honey. Also, where
ants are troublesome about the hives in
early spring, a little salt will make them
leave quickly. Salt will not iniure honey
as coal-oil would. I eat salted butter with
honey, and it adds to the flavor of both. All
who are subject to honey-cramp, may add
a little salt to their honey while eating, and
receive no bad effects from it. My bees
are ready for the honey when it comes.
They wintered without any loss.

J. M. Pratt.

Todd's Point, Ky., April 7, 1890.

284

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Symptoms of l>isease«l Bees.

In the spring of 1882 I had the same
experience as Mr. A. D. EUingwood de-
scribes on page 220, and all of my bees
were wintered on the summer stands. I
do not put my bees into the cellai-. In
examining the combs and honey, I found
that the honey and bee-bread was sour, and
the honey consisting mostly of sugar-cane
juice and apple cider. Mr. EUingwood's
hives might have been damp, and thus
caused the honey to sour ; and his bees
may have spring dwindled, or had the
diarrhea. My bees looked as if they were
swelled, and sleek, as if they had grease
poured on them ; when they came out of
the hives, they wanted to take their flight,
and they could not fly, but hopped from
the hives like grasshoppers ; they would not
tolerate invalids in their homes. I would
like to have Mr. EUingwood tell us the
symptoms of his bees, as I am anxious to
know. Julius J. Petty.

Independence, Ky.

[Mr. EUingwood is invited to reply to the
above in the Bee JodrnaI/. — Ed.]

Experience iu Uee-Keeping;.

I began with 4 colonies in the spring of
1889, and got 8 swarms from them. The
season was a poor one, as all the early blos-
soms were killed by frost on May 28, and
my bees did little more than gather honey
enough for brood-rearing until late, but
they gathered enough for winter stores
from that much-abused plant— the golden-
rod. I wintered them on the summer
stands, in chaff hives, and they have all
come through strong. I shall increase by
dividing, the coming season, as I believe
that I get stronger colonies by so doing. I
will, in due time, report the result of my
experiments. N. L. Saulsbury.

Batavia, N. Y., AprU 12, 1890.

I remove the combs from the upper part of
the hive, and use a device to allow the bees
to pass above the frames. I put about 4 to
6 inches of chaff over the bees in the upper
part of the hive ; I then close the front of
the box, leaving about 6 inches at the en-
trance open, and keep this filled with straw
or hay in bad weather. One box holds 9 to

II hives. I have taken out 30 colonies
(the queenless one, of course, died) in
excellent condition — I think that they are
the strongest that I ever saw at this time of
the year. If we have dry weather this
month, I will have to feed some, but if the
clover yields honey, my bees will be ready
for it. They have been carrying in native
pollen for a week. I did fairly well with
them last year, as they netted me a little
over -$5 per colony, above all expenses.

I would not do without the Amekitan Bee
Journal even if I did not keep bees. It is
always fuU of good common-sense.

Milo, Iowa, AprU 9. B. A. Manley.

Wet and «.'oId Seasons.

For the last two years— 1888 and 1889—
bee keeping was in east Pennsylvania
merely a failure. The last two summers it
was too wet and too cold, and only a small
honey-flow. Last summer my bees stored
nearly 200 pounds of comb honey, and the
greatest part of it was from buckwheat. I
have wintered 18 colonies on the summer
stands, and all, so far, have wintered well.
I lost 2 colonies — one by starvation, and
one by being queenless. Bees are just now-
busy cariying in pollen on warm days, but
the weather is cold and wet, and it seems
very likely that bee-keeping wUl be a fail-
ure the coming season, but I hope for the
best. I have been interested in bee-keep-
ing for nearly 30 years, but I never saw
such cold and wet weather during all sum-
mer, as it was in 1889. and nearly the
same in 1888 ; and now it looks as though
the coming summer will be the same.

P. W. Flores.

DillingersviUe, Pa., AprU 12, 1890.

Spray trom Flying Bees.

Mr. S. J. Youngman, after some very
kind words on page 250, asks about the
mist or spray that he has seen fall from
bees as they were returning to their hives.
I have often watched for such showers, but
have never yet seen them; but I have no
doubt that he has. Such drops must be the
excreta of the bees. They cannot come
from the bees' mouths. We must remem-
ber that the sugar of nectar is dissolved in
water, and can only be reduced by evap-
oration. This cannot take place in a closed
cavity like the honej'-stomach ; and won-
derful as the bee is, we cannot believe that
she has any process t)y which she can sep-
arate the water from the sugar, in the
stomach. She must put it into the cell,
and let the heat of the hive reduce it.

While the bee is going to the hive, the
nectar is being "modified" into honey;
that is, the cane sugar is converted into
reducible sugar, so that it can be absorbed
easily without any digestion when eaten. I
think that no other change occurs.

A. J. Cook.

Agricultural College, Mich.

Supers and their Improvements.

Mr. Baldridge's article and quotations on
page 232, incited me to one more effort by
way of an improvement on what I thought
was good enough. Last season I used 200
of the supers that Mr. Baldridge's corres-
pondent refers to. True, there was some
propolis at the upper corners of the sec-
tions, but the super, as a whole, was so
much superior to anything that I had ever
used before, that I did not consider it
objectionable, but I found that I made
more allowance for the T tins than was
necessary, and I now have them so close
fitting that there is little space left in
which the bees can put propolis. The
result of my effort as an improvement, I
send to the Bee Journal Museum to-day.
It has two wooden thumb-screws on one
side, and another on one end, which screw
against thin boards placed between the
body of the sections and the parts of the
super through which the screws work. By
this arrangement, the sections are held
securely in place, and by loosening the
screws, a single section can easily be
removed; or, by reversing the whole super
before unscrewing, the entire body of sec- .
tions can be quickly taken out all together.
The supports that I use in connection with
the screws, will not sag ; the sections are
held absolutely close together ; the super
can be used with, or without, separators;
any single section or row of sections can be
readily removed or interchanged, or the
entire super can be emptied en masse: and
the sections are kept absolutely square, and
the ends and edges fi-ee from propolis.

Geo. E. Hilton.

[The super is received and placed in our
Museum, as requested. It is substantially
as described by Mr. HUton, and will no
doubt prove to be useful and convenient.
We can discover but little, if any, differ-
ence between this super and the one which
Mr. Bull describes on page 278.— Ed.]

Siiccesst'ul llVinterins; of Ilees.

I have been verj' successful in wintering
bees. I put 31 colonies (all in good condi-
tion except one that was queenless) into
winter quarters last fall, packed in corn
chaff from the elevator. I made a box 16
feet long, 26 inches deep, and 26 inches
high at the back, and 30 inches in front,
leaving the front open until the bees are in.
The bottom I make of 2x6 inch pieces.
nailing the floor on the underside, and fill
to the top of the 2x6 pieces with chaff, and
place the hives on this, side by side, pack-
ing every space between, behind and above
with chaff. Before putting the bees away.

Keeping Bees in Washington.

I am not sure that this is a good bee-coun-
tray, but I am told by persons who have
lived here for years, that bees do wonder-
fully well here, and the honey produced is
of the finest quality. I have found but few-
bees as yet, and I do not think that there is
a single practical apiarist in this part of
the land. This far-off country is a "won-
derland," and is not without gi-eat advan-
tages, and the most wonderful scenery.
Blaine is situated in the northwest corner
of the new State of Washington, just south
of the British line, and on the east shore of
Georgia Bay, of the great Puget Sound. It
is a town two years old, and has a popula-
tion of nearly 1,000; it is now on a wild
boom, and it would be hard to find a person
here that would not rather have a town lot
in Blaine,than the finest apiary in America.
As for myself, I would not object to having
a few good lots, but I would like, also, to
have a good apiary here, as honey is
scarce, and brings a good price— from 20
to 25 cents per pound for comb honey.
There is no extracted honey in the market.
I think that is a good place for clover; I
find both white and Alsike growing on
every foot of gi-ound where it has a chance,
and it never winterkills or dries out here,
but there may be too much dampness and
cool weatherfor the production of honey.
I shall test the matter the coming summer,
and send a report next fall.

John I. Martin.
Blaine, Wash., AprU 7, 1890.

Wintered Well— Mites on Birds.

I began the season of 1889 with 37 colo-
nies, and took 2,500 pounds of comb
honey, but lost about two weeks of the best
of the honey-flow on account of shortage in
sections. I increased to 70 colonies, 3 of
which were queenless, they killing every
queen that I attempted to introduce. The
balance I put out on AprU 8, in good con-
dition. Everything here has the appear-
ance of a good season for 1890. I would
like to know how to get rid of mites, or
little insects, on canary birds. We bee-
folks are bothered with them, and would
like to know a remedy that is sure, and will
not damage the birds. We get so much
information from the Bee Journal on bee-
matters, that I venture to ask in regard to
this. Mrs. L. J. Keyes.

Nora Springs, Iowa, AprU 14, 1890.

[Perhaps some of our bird-fanciers will
answer this question. We know only of
simple remedies like sulphur, red-pepper,
etc.— Ed.]

lUnch Lioss in Wintering:-

Bees in this section of the country have
not wintered well, great losses having been
sustained by many— some lost every bee
they had. I have, so far, only 1 7 colonies
left out of 142, and they are weak, at that.
It is claimed that the fall honey gathered
from wild buckwheat, etc., contained pois-
onous substances, causing the bees to die
with the diarrhea. Stephen Roese.

Maiden Rock, Wis., AprU 16, 1890.

Tmm mwLMwiC'Ku mmm jQumn^miu.

2H'

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per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

|^° Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.

J^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

J^" Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Jouhnal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

iW Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jour-
nal at $1.85 for the two; or with both our
Home Journal and Bee Journal for $2.50
€or all three papers.

B^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write American Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

It^" Systematic work in the Apiary wiU
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

'• 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 25

■' 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

(^"When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present j^ou
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book
by man, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents. '

lt^~ We offer the Monthly Philadelphia
Farm Journal, and either the American
Bee Journal or Illustrated Home Jour-
nal for one year, tor the small sum of $1.20
Or, we will give it free for one year to any
one who will send us one new subscriber for
either of our Journals with $1.00 (the sub-
scription price) .

c:i.i;i<Kira<,} I.ISX.

'*Ve Club tli(> Amm'icnn Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the jirices quoted in the I^AS'l'
column. The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order fur another paper or book;

Price of both. Cluh
The American Bee Journal $1 00

and Gleaniufis in Bcc-Culture 2 00 1 75

Bec-KoepiM-K' (iiiide 150. .. 1-10

noe-Koc|«is' Hcview 150.. . 140

ThcApiiiiltiirist 175.... 165

Bee-Kec|M>r.s' Ailvance 150 140

Canadian Hce.loiirnal 3 00 ... 180

The 7 above-uiuued papers 5 25 5 00

and Langstroth Revised (Dadant) 3 00 2 75

Cook's Manual (1887 edition) 2 25.. . 2 00

Quinby's New Bee-Keeping. 2 50 2 25

Doolittleoii QmH-n-Reaiiug. 2 00 175

Bees and Honey (Newman).. 2 00 175

Binderfor Am. Hce Journal. 160 150

Dzierzon's Bee-I!ook (cloth). 3 00 2 00

Root's A B C of I!eo-Culture 2 25.... 2 50

Farmer's Account Book 4 00 2 20

Western World Guide 150.... 130

Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150 140

A Year Among the Bees 175 150

Convention Hand-Bqok 150. .. 130

Weekly Inter-(3cean 2 00 175

Toronto Globe (weekly) 2 00 170

History of National Society. 150 125

American Poultiv Journal.. 2 25 150

The Lever (Temperance) .... 2 00 1 75

I>o not send to us for sample copies
of any other papers. Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.

A New Method of Treating Disease.

• HOSPITAL REMEDIES.

What are they i There is a new departure
in the treatment of disease. It consists in
the collection of the specifics used by noted
specialists of Europe and America, and
bringing them within the reach of all. For
instance, the treatment pursued by special
physicians who treat indigestion, stomach
and liver troubles only, was obtained and
prepared. The treatment of other physi-
cians, celebrated for curing catarrh, was
procured, and so on till these incomparable
cures now include disease of the lungs,
kidneys, female weakness, rheumatism and
nervous debility.

This new method of "one remedy for one
disease " must appeal to the common-sense
of all sufferers, many of whom have experi-
enced the ill effects, and thoroughly realize
the absurdity of the claims of Patent
Medicines which are guaranteed to cure
every ill out of a single bottle, and the use
of which, as statistics prove, has ruined
more stomachs than alcohol. A circular
describing these new remedies is sent free
on receipt of stamp to pay postage, by
Hospital Remedy Company, Toronto, Can-
ada, sole proprietors.

51D26t Imly.

Xlie Report of the proceedings of the
20th annual session of the International
American Bee- Association contains, besides
the interesting report, the new songs and
music then used, and engravings of the
present officers as well as the retiring ones.
In all, it contains 36 pages. It is for sale
at this ofiice. The price is 25 cents, post-
paid.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

BOSTON, Apiil If).— Market is strong aud
well clfiuicd u|> III! all fancy l-lbs., at Ilk: A
Bniiill quiinlily n( '.Mbs. on hand selLs at 15c.
Exliai leil, Hoi'.ii;. No Beeswax on hand. No
oIT grades in nnv way can be sold here.

BLAKfi & HIPLEY. 57 Chatham St.

CHICAGO, April 8,— Comb honey has sold
well lately— there is practically none on the
market.it being taken soon after arrival, if
in desirable shape. Consignments that have
hung along all winter have been closed out at
12(1/130. for good, and 14c. for fancy. E.v-
tractcd is dull at ti(S!8c. Beeswa-X, 27@28c.
R. A. BURNETT, IGl S. Water St.

MILWAUKEE, April 8.— Demand good, and
supply fair. Weciuote: White 1-lbs., 12(&i 13c. ;
very fine, 14c.; medium, ll(@12c. ; dark aud
old, fKi^lOc. Extracted, white, in barrels and
'/4 barrels, 7H®>8c. ; in tin and kegs, 7(§8V2C. :
dark, in barrels and !4 barrels, 6@8'^c. Bees-
wax, 2.3@26c.

A. V. BISHOP. 142 W. Water St.

CHICAGO, April 8.— We quote: White clo-
ver in active demand, and receipts find ready
sale; 1-lbs., i:S(ai4c.; 2-lb8., i2(ail2V5c. Bass-
wood 1-lbs., 12(H)13c. Buckwheat l-lbs., 8(?J
9c. Extracted, 6;4((^7i4c. Beeswax — bright,
25®26c. ; dark, 23(iii24c.

S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, April 7.— Supply of white
1-lbs. is very limited— 10,000 or 20,000 lbs.
more of fancy comb In 1-lb. sections would
find a market here before the new crop comes.
Extracted sells very slowly. We quote: Fanc.i,-
1-lbs., white, 13c.: choice 1-Ibs., 12c. Fall am-
ber I-lbs. and 2-lbs., 9(ai0c. Choice white 2-
Ibs., ll@12c. E.xtracted, white, 7c.; amber,
5(§)6c. No Beeswax in the market,
CLEMONS. CLOON & CO.,

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

KANSAS CITY, Mo., April 5.— The market is
cleaned up. We quote: 1-lbs. white, 12(^13c.;
2-lbs. white, 10(aill. Dark 1-lbs., 8@10c.: dark
2-lbs., 8@9c. Extracted, white, eOGHc. ; dark,
5c. Demadn good.

HAMBLIN & BEARSS. 514 Walnut St.

DENVER, April 9.— 1-lb. sections, 1.3(ai5c. ;
Extracted, 7(3(8c. There is sufficient comb
honey to supply the market till the new crop
arrives. Beeswax, 22@25e.

J. M. CLARK COM. CO., 1517 Blake St.

DETROIT, April 10.— Comb honey is selling
slowly at 10®13c. Extracted, 7(®8c. Beeswax,
scarce at 26(g)27c.

M. H. HUNT, BeU Branch. Mich.

CINCINNATI, April 9. — Demand good for

choice white comb noney at 12@15c. ; dark is
very slow sale. Extracted is in good demand
at 5(5i8c. Stock is low.

Beeswax is in good demand at 22(0)25o. for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH & SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

Postal Motes are no safer to use in
letters than bank bills. Any one can get
the money on them. A Money Order can
be obtained at the post-office or at the ex-
press office for 5 cents (only 2 cents more
than a Postal Note), and Is perfectly safe;
if lost it can be re-issued.

We always extend the term of re-
newal subscriptions from the date of
expiration on our books. Present sub-
scribers whose time may expire one, two,
three or six months hence, can safely
renew now, without fear of loss thereby.

Clubs of 5 for $4.00 to any addresses.
Ten for $7.50. if aU are sent at one time.

I have received the Bingham

Smoker in first-class order. I have given it
a fair trial, aud I am well pleased with it.
Accept my thanks for your prompt returns.
— R. J. Swift, Blasdell, N. Y.

286

•rmm m'smmmiGmm mmm jo^'pkimsil.

Xlie Xinie tor Spring: Work will
soon be here, and those who need a guide
for all the operations in the apiary, should
procure a copy of Dr. Miller's book entitled
"A Year Among the Bees." Its descrip-
tions commence with the necessary work in
the spring, and run through the entire
year, detailing the methods of doing, as
well as telling when to do, all that should
be done in the apiary. We have only a
limited number of copies left, and those
who want it should send for it at once. We
will hereafter mail it, bound in cloth, to
any address for SO cts., untU all are gon e

fVliy Advertise in the Amekicax Bee
JouRN.41.? Here are some good reasons:

1. Because it has a large and influential
circulation in every State and Territory,
Canada, and other foreign countries.

2. Because it is well-printed, and an
advertisement in it appears neat and
attractive, and invites a reading.

3. Because it reaches just the class of per-
sons desired— professional men, lawyers,
doctors, and the best rural population.

4. The rates are low and the returns from
advertisements are satisfactory.

Cliapnian Honey-Plant Seed.—

This plant has been commended by some of
the most experienced beekeepers in
America, as being " a most valuable acqui-
sition to the list of bee-forage plants." The
seed may be scattered in waste places, or
it may be sown in drills or hills like onion
seed. We can furnish the seed, postpaid,
at the following prices : Single ounce, -10
cents; 4 ounces, «1. 00; 10 ounces, $3.00;
or one pound for $3.00.

Hantllins; Bee.s.— This is the title of
a nice pamphlet containing 28 pages and a
cover, just issued by Chas. Dadant & Son.
It is a chapter from their book, Langstroth
Revised, and is an excellent thing for be-
ginners. Price, 8 cts. For sale at this office.

CInhs of 5 New Subscriptions for $4.00,
to any addresses. Ten for $7.50, if all are
sent at one time.

^^dwcvtiscmcnts.

PAD mi ft Fifty Colonies of ITALIAN

tvn i>JlLL i BEES in 8-frame Langstroth
Hives. Will sell any number up to 50 colonies.
Correspondence solicited.

W. H. WATTS, ROSS, Lake Co., IND.
17 A It
Mention the Amcricrm Bee Journal.

24

LULUJNlh/O For Sale — in (jood
condition— in 7 Langstroth Frames—
in Shipping Boxes, at $3 per colon.v.
NG, (Htumwa.Wapello Co., lown.

HEDDON'S

1890

CIRCULAR

NOW READY.

Address,

JAMES HEDDON, ■ Dowagiac, Mich.

17A4t

Mention the American Bee Juumal.

WM. AMELA

Mention the American Bee Journal.

TAD Ulir t Italian Bees and Qneenx.

rvR Miit . in small and large lots, at a

VERY LOW PRICE. AddrCBS, OTTO KLEINOW.

No. 150 Military Ave,, Detroit, Mich. 12Atf
Mention thi Anwican Bet Journal.

$1.50 Double
Walled Hive.

IM A K E my im-
priived Space
with the downward-
extending arms near-
ly as Innt; as the end
bars of the frames;
and witti suitable di-
vision-boards in plineof tlie outside combs; a hive is
converted into a liouble-walled hive, with the spaces
at the ends of the frames closed, which is agreai aid
to a weak colony in building up in the spring, if the
hive is well-packed on top of the frames. Price of
Brood-Chamber and S Frames, *1.50; one Hive and
one doz. extra Spacers. $4.(Mt Spacers, long or short
arm, J2o.ou per loo. These prices are for Frames %-
inch wide. When ordering give the width of your
hive inside. J. B. WILCOX, Manistee, Mich.

15Atf
When Answering this Advertisement, Mention this Jouhnal.

T300R= T ANGSTROTH
r MAN'S L=HIYE=

Before buying Hives, send for our Price-List
on this Hive as described on page 186 of this
Journal. It is the best and cheapest Hive

SMITH & SMITH,

14Atf Kcuton, Hardin Co., Ohio.

Mention the American Bee Journal,

DAVENPORT.

LOUIS HANSSEN, 2i:i&215 West Second SI...
Davenport, Iowa, liceps lufuU stoclj of BEE-
KEEFEKS' SliPPHES. G. li. Lewis &
Co.'s Sections, and Dadant's Foundation, at
manufacturers' prices. lOASt

WHEN ANSWERING THIS ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAL.

BEESWAX WANTED.

Bees-wax.— We will pay 25 cents per

pound, in Cash, for Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
ered here.

It^ To avoid mistakes, the name of the
shipper should always be on each package.

THOS. G. NEWHHAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street. CHICAGO. ILLl?.

WHEN Answering this ADVERTISEMENT. Mention this journal.

WHERE DOJOU LIVE?

IF YOU will let me know I will send you mv
Circular for 1890 which will tell you all
about the Hive we are selling for 55e: and if
you want 25, can let vou have them for 4»e.
Also 100 Brood-Frames for $1.00.

Win. H. BRIGHT,
15A4t MAZEPPA, MINN.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

4-Piece Dovetailed Sections!

IN order to close out our present stock of
4-Plece Dovetailed Kectioiis, oU-^Gi^
— a tritle less than 2 inches wide— we offer
them in lots of 500 for $2, or 1,000 for $3.50
— either Narrow or Wide Tops. No fractions of
500 will Iic sold at: the above prices. Our stock
is limili-il. and orders will be filled in rotation
as \oug as the Sections last. Order early.

THOSaG. NEWMAN & SON,
346 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

>1 f^ TESTED ITALIAN QCEENS

i^-t-L J now ready at $1.00 each. Bees by

pound, 75c; also Nuclei and Untested Queens.

See American Bee .Tournal since March 15th.

IGAtf LUTHER W. GRAY, Orlando, Fla.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

[Dice of Masonryi Family Magazine.

V Three yeart-'a Paper and twenty-five 'i Mai'a-
zine. Now unexcelled. ContaiuB fine Portraits
and Illustrations, and a great variety of anicleti,
gtoricB and pueme for FreemaeonH and their fam
iliee; also tii8t<'rn star, Masonio OlraninRS and
Editorial Departments. Price per year, $.!.00.
JOHN W. liUOWN, Editor and Publisher,
182 & 184 S. Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois.

CARNIOLANS A SPECIALTY !

BEE-KEEPERS, before placing your orders for
(^arniolan Bees or Queens, get our prices. Our
STOCK ARE EXCELLED BY NONE. Descriptive Cir-
cular and Price-List for l.-iyn now ready. Send for it.
Address. F. A. LOCKHART & CO.,

(Formerly ot Andrews & Lockhart),
9Btf Pattens' Mills, Wash. Co., N. Y.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Sl?rTlA¥S $3.00 per 1,000. Foundation,
IjvI lUlliS Alsike Clover Seed and Japanese
Buckwheat, cheap as the cheapest. Spec-
ial prices to dealers. Send for our free
PRICE LIST. M. H. HUNT,
IDtf BELL BRANCH, MICH.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

niTPilTO THOS. p. SIMPSON, Washington
rfl I rn I \ D-C. Noatty'a fee until Patent Ob
I n I til I U tained. Write for Inventor's Guide

DPIl FtTITr LIVE STOCK, AND MER-
MAL lilJlilllli CHANDISE, bought, sold,
rented and exchanged, in all the States and
Territories. Send stamp for List :ind terms to
the National Ezchang-e, Orrville, Ohio.
17.\3t— 5M3t

WHEN ANSWERING THIS ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAL.

SEOTIOlSrS

From $-2.50 to $3.50 per 1,000, and other

APIARIAN SUPPLIES Cheap.

IVovelty Co., - Kock Pallid, Ills.

ISDOt

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Eaton's Improved

SI'K.'TIO:^ -CASE,

BEES & yUKENS. Send

for free catalogue. Address

Frank A. Eaton, j

IDtf Bluffton.Ohio.

Mention the American Bee Jouriuil.

Established 1878.

SMITH & SMITH,

Wholesale and Retail Man-
ufactiirers of

Bee-Keepers' Supplies,

KEIWTO]\, OHIO.

Price Mst Free. 9Dly

Mention the American Bee Journal.

mm TO SHIP ! ^!^:'ii^^ss^ir^

—3 for $2.75. Heady April 1st. Nuclei cheap
Send for Price-List. ' COLWICK & COLWICK.
Norse, Bosque Co., Texas. lOAfit

Mention the Ame-'ican Bee Journal.

'rmm a^MERicjRiNi mmm j&jjmnmi..

291

XH091AS G. MEtVSIAW,

BDITOR.

Vol mi. May 3,1890. No. 18.

EDmRIML Bmeisgi

May Sun is bright — the air is clear,
The darting swallows soar and sing,

And from the stately elms I bear
Bluebirds and bees salute the spring.

Shortly before one of the worst of
landslides, at Plurs, Switzerland, on August
25, 1618, at 13 a.m., the bees left the hives.

We want a Volume 3 of the
American Bee Journal— July, 1866, to
June, 1867. Any one having it for sale
may send us a postal card, saying what
he will take for it. Do not send any
numbers before we order them, for we only
need one set.

Uee-Keepins^ in Ireland is quite
an important industiy. Last year (1889)
about 30,000 colonies of liees were kept
there, which produced, in round numbers,
500,000 pounds of honey. Ulster country
is the center of this growing and interest-
ing pursuit. Verily, the "Emerald Isle"
is sweet, as well as " green."

Xlie Vot<?s for the " National Flower
of America " are very emphatically in
favor of the golden-rod. Of all the votes
sent to Mr. Prang, as requested, 70 per
cent, are in for that golden beauty. This
is another exhibition of the influence of
bee-keepers, when they are properly united
in creating an opinion favorable to the
pursuit. It presents another proof that
" in union there is strength." Now it will
be presented to Congress liy Mr. Prang,
through some members of each body, and
in all human probability the golden-rod
will become "the National flower of
America."

UeeM stn«l Fruit.— At the regular
meeting of the Rhode Island Horticultural
Society, held in Fianklin Lyceum Hall on
April 16, Prof. Samuel Cushmau, Apiarist
of the Rhode Island Agricultural Experi-
ment Station, read an essay entitled, "The
Relation of Bees to Fruit." The Providence
Journal of April 17, 1890, gives the follow-
ing as its report of the essay and the discus-
sion following it :

Mr. Cushman illustrated his subject by
charts, and spoke for about 40 minutes.
He began by saying that he was a bee-
keeper, and would present views attained
by personal observation.

The essential and important point made
by Mr. Cushman, was that bees were not
injurious to growing or fair fruit, but that,
on the contrary, they were beneficial to
flowers and the bloom of fruit trees. In
this belief he was supported by every mem-
ber of the society present. Mr. Cushman
referred generally to the process of devel-
opment of flowers, and said that some ferti-
lize themselves, some are fertilized by the
wind, but the great bulk is fertilized by
insects. The latter produce cross fertiliza-
tion, a very important thing for plant life.

To illustrate his position, Mr. Cushman
quoted liberally from celebrated writers on
the subject of self and cross fertilization.
Insects and flowers are beneflted alike. He
explained how bees get at the nectar of
flowers and, the result of their action in
inoculation. He referred to the various
kinds of insects that get food from flo wers
and fruit. The habits of flowers corres-
pond to the habits of insects, and both are
indispensable to each other.

Kingston is celebrated for the variety
and abundance of its flowers, and there are
more bees there, than in any other section
of the State. On certain islands where
insects are scarce, very few flowers are
found. Of all insects, bees are the most
industrious, and flowers visited by them
are the most attractive in every way.
Insects materially aid the bloom of trees,
and better fruit is obtained by reason of
their visits. He said that the juice of fruit
is injurious to bees, and that bees do not
injure sound fruit in any way. They
attack only bruised or juice giving fruit, or
fruit previously injured by other insects.
Pair fruit is never harmed by them.

After the essay had been concluded,
oranges and bananas were served during a
short recess. When the meeting was again
called to order. President E. J. Nickerson
invited a discussion on the subject of the
essay. L. W. Russell spoke briefly on the
relation of bees to fruit, and of the impor-
tant service rendered by the industrious
insects, He moved a vote of thanks to Mr.
Cushman for his excellent essay.

Henry T. Root said that he hoped the
sense of the meeting would be taken, and if
the views expressed in the essay were
entertained by the members present, the
society should endorse them with the vote
of thanks.

T. K. Parker said : " Never destroy bees,
for they are of great benefit to mankind."
He also said that he had discovered another
thing recently. Heretofore he was of the
belief that the crocus was without seeds;
he never could find any. There was a good
reason why he could not, for cats eat them.
The discovery was that cats are very fond
of crocus seeds. In referring to bees, he

said that he did not think they damaged
gi'apes. Wasps ho knew to be destructive
to various kinds of fruit.

Dr. Timothy Newell said he never knew
bees to injure fruit of any kind. George
Hunt, J. L. Snow, and John Bowen testified
to the same efl'ect.

Action was now taken on the motions
that the society endorse the statement that
bees do not injure souwl fruit, that they
are more beneficial than harmful, and that
a vote of thanks be extended to Piof.
Cushmau. Canied.

The above testimony of horticulturists,
gleaned from the Providence Joiirnnl,
should have gi-eat weight, and dismiss the
subject at once and forever about bees
being injurious to grapes. Tbey are the
fruit-growers' best friends, and should
always be so regarded. As scientific light
and knowledge increases, the wild ideas of
ignorance and prejudice will vanish, and
the bees will be honored for the important
part they take in fertilizing the flowers,
increasing the quantity of fruit, and gath-
ering Nature's pure sweet — thus multiply-
ing the pleasures of mankind, as well as
adding to the material wealth of commerce.

IVunies ol Ollicers.- Mr. J. W. Tefft,
of Collamer, N. Y., makes these sugges-
tions :

I should be pleased to see the American
Bee Journal adopt a plan of keeping the
names of the oflicials of the International
Bee-Association and the officials of the
National Bee-Keepers' Union at the head
of the Letters at all times, so that we may
know who and where to addi'ess our letters.
The American Bee Journal is the official
bee-paper of the world, and was never so
powerful and valuable as at the present
day. Its teachings in apiculture are that
the one who can produce the greatest crop
of honey is not the best apiarist, but it is
that one who can effect it with the least
experience. Its pages are an instrument
of civilization — a safety lamp for all bee-
keepers. It gives us all the liylU, but none
of the conflagration.

We can very easily accommodate our
readers in that matter, and will adopt the
plan mentioned, at once. It appears on
page 300.

One coincidence is worthy of note : The
President of each is located in Michigan,
and both Secretaries are located in lUiuois
— for the present year.

Honey Aliiiansic John Craycraft,

of St. Francis, Fla., gives this testimony in
regard to the importance of circulating the
Honey Almanac :

I have examined the Honey Almanac,
and am well pleased with its contents. In
making known the uses that honey can be
put to, its circulation would certainly be
a gi'eat help to the sale of honey.

Jacob T. Timpe, of Grand Ledge,
Mich., has mailed us a sample of his pre-
mium Italian bees. They are fine, large,
yeUow, and well marked ; and are as lively
as they are beautiful.

292

THE JSMBKIOSff WMM J@TOKI«IMI<.

!i$pr:t}'iiiS 4br !\'oxioiis lns>ects>. —

Much information is now in demand con-
cerning m>?ic)i, 7iou', and what solution to
use in spraying, to kill noxious insects.
The following valuable article on this sub-
ject is from the American Agriculturist
for May, and will answer hundreds of ques-
tions in the minds of our readers, or which
have been sent to this office for reply :

The spraying machine has become a rec-
ognized part of the equipment of the suc-
cessful farmer and gardener. The uses to
which it can be put are being increased
yearly, and the indications now are that
within a few years we shall be able with it
to combat successfully the great majority
of insects and fungous diseases attacking
field, fruit and vegetable crops. There is a
great variety of spraying-machines now on
the market, the majority of which do effec-
tive work. The main points of a successful
outfit are that the pump shall be strong,
durable and easy to work, but throw a
forcible stream ; that the nozzle shall pro-
ject a fine spray a considerable distance,
and be so constructed that the size and
quality of the stream can be regulated at
the will of the operator. In these days,
when so many people are using or getting
ready to use copper-sulphate solutions as
fungicides, it is desirable that the parts of
the pump touched by the spraying-fluid be
made of brass, as the copper solutions cor-
rode iron.

INSECTICIDES TO USE.

A large proportion of the insecticides
now in use may be appUed with the spray-
ing-machine. The most important of these
are the arsenites, Paris-green or London
purple; but there are also many others,
including hellebore, pyrethrum, and kero-
sene emulsion, which are especially effec-
tive when applied in a water spray.

Pakis Gheen' is a chemical combination
of arsenic and copper, containing about 55
per cent, of arsenic. It is practically
insoluble in water. For spraying apples,
pears, cherries of the varieties resembling
Early Richmond in foliage, and the so-
called foreign varieties of plums, it may be
used in the proportion of one ounce to 10
gallons of water, or a quarter of a pound
to a 40-gallon barrel. It may be used
against a large number of insects, includ-
ing the codlin-moth, plum-curculio, canker-
worm, leaf-rollers, potato-beetles, and, in
fact, nearly all biting insects infesting
plants to which poisons may safely be
applied. The Paris gieen-and-water mix-
ture must be constantly stirred, to prevent
the poison settling to the bottom of the
vessel.

London Pitrple contains nearly the same
per cent, of arsenic as Paris green. It is
cheaper, and remains in suspension better,
but is generally considered to be more
liable to scorch foliage. It may be used in
the same proportion as Paris green, and is
applicable to the same trees and for the
same insects.

Heli-ebore is a vegetable poison, but
much less dangerous than the mineral
arsenical poisons, and it kills insects both
by contact and by being eaten. It may be
applied in water mixture, in the proportion
of 1 ounce to 3 gallons, or a pound to a
barrel. It is especially valuable for
destroying the imported currant-worm, the
cherry-and-rose-slugs. It usually retails at
about 25 cents per pound.

Kerosene Emulsion is made by adding
2 parts of kerosene to one part of a solu-

tion made by dissolving half a pound of
hard soap in one gallon of boiling water,
and churning the mixture through a force-
pump with a rather small nozzle until the
whole forms a creamy mass which will
thicken into a jelly-like substance on cool-
ing. The soap solution should be hot when
the kerosene is added, but of course, must
not be near a fire. The emulsion thus made
is to be diluted before using, with 9 parts
of cold water. This substance destroys a
large number of insects, such as the chinch-
bug, cabbage-worm, and white grub, and is
a comparatively cheap and effective insec-
ticide.

Pyketiirum is an insecticide made from
the powdered flowers of plants of the genus
Pyrethrum. There are three principal
brands upon the market, known as Persian
insect-powder, Dalmatian insect-powder,
and Buhach, the latter being a California
product. The greatest obstacle to the use
of pyrethrum has been the difficulty of
obtaining the pure, fresh article. If ex-
posed to the air, the poisonous principle
volatilizes, and the powder is worthless.
Hence, dealers should purchase a fresh
supply each season, and should keep it in
air-tight vessels. Pyrethrum is used mainly
either as a dry powder or in water (1 ounce
to 3 gallons) , but may also be used in the
form of a tea, or a decoction, a fume, or an
alcoholic extract diluted. For use as a dry
powder it may advantageously be diluted
with 6 or 8 parts of flour. It is especially
exceUeut for clearing rooms of flies and
mosquitoes, and for killing the common
cabbage-worm. It is practically harmless
to man and the higher animals.

CROPS TO SPRAT.

The following crops are among the more
important which may advantageously be
sprayed to prevent insect injury :

Apple. — Spray for codlin-moth and cur-
culios soon after blossoms have fallen,
when apples are from the size of a pea to
that of a hickory-nut, with London pur-
ple or Paris gi'een, one ounce to 10 gallons
of water. Repeat application in a week or
10 days.

Plum. — Spray foreign varieties (Lom-
bard, Green Gage, etc.) soon after the
blossoms have falle7i, with London purple
or Paris green, 1 ounce to 10 gallons of
water. Repeat the applications once or
twice at intervals of 10 days. Varieties
of the Wild Goose class are almost as ten-
der in foliage as the peach, and should be
sprayed carefully, and with a weak mix-
ture, if at all.

Cherry.— If cherries are generally
"wormy," spray Early Richmond, and
varieties similar in foliage, with London
purple or Paris green (1 ounce to 10 gal-
lons of water) soon after the blossoms fall.
Repeat the application once or twice at
intervals of a week or 10 days.

Peach.— If sprayed at all, this fruit
should be treated very carefully. Do not
use London purple, but rather Paris green,
seeing that it is kept constantly stirred, and
do not use a solution stronger than 1 ounce
to 15 gallons of water. Spray late in the
afternoon, after the blossoms haite fallen.

Cabbage.- To destroy the cabbage-worm,
spray with pyrethrum, a pound to a barrel
of water, at intervals of a week or 10 days,
from the time the worms appear until the
crop is ready to harvest.

Foiil Itrood, so-called, is reported in
many places, and F. I. Sage & Son, of
Wethersfield, Conn., on AprQ 34, 1890,
write as follows :

We have read much about foul brood ;
still we know but little about its manage-
ment. We would like to hear from some
one or more as to what is the best thing to
do now — this spring— to eradicate it from
a yard. Will it not be better to begin
operations before the bees get to breeding
very much ? or would it be best to make
one grand pile of bees, hives and fixings,
and have a grand illumination — in other
words, are they worth fussing with '. We
would like to hear from those who have
been successful in eradicating this disease
from a yard.

Advice will vary by our readers ; but our
opinion is that when the disease has a good
hold, it will not pay to " fuss " with cures.
The best way is to commit the whole to the
flames.

Liuclc. — Bees can be kept by most per-
sons, but there are some so careless and
negligent that they would have "no luck."
These "bad luck" fellows cannot have a
gai-den, for the weeds grow up and choke
it; no corn, for the hogs will get in and
destroy it; no wheat, for the cattle tramp
it down on account of poor fences ; while
the bees will not succeed as well as these
others, on the " let alone " plan. — Selected.

In our notice of the loss by fire of
G. B. Lewis & Co.'s factory last week, we
relied upon the telegraphic reports in the
daily papers, when stating that their stock
of hives, sections, etc., were all destroyed.
We find that they had a large stock stored
in a warehouse which was not destroyed,
and are very glad to make this correction.

Xlie Report of the proceedings of the
20th annual session of the International
American Bee- Association contains, besides
the interesting report, the new songs and
music then used, and engravings of the
present officers as well as the retiring ones.
In all, it contains 36 pages. It is for sale
at this office. The price is S5 cents, post-
paid.

Convention I^otices.

I^ew ^'ataloRiies and Price-Lists for
1890 are received from —

J. B. Mason & Sons, Mechanic Falls, Me.
—16 pages— Bee-Keepers' Supplies.

J. H. M. Cook, 78 Barclay St., N. Y.— 4
pages — Supplies for Bee-Keepers.

t^r The next meeting of the Carolina Bee-Keep-
erS^Association will be held in Charlotte. N. C., on
Thursday, J uly 17, 1890. N. P. Ltles. bcc.

»»- The spring meeting of the Northern Illinois
Bflp-Keeoers' Association, will meet at the residence
M?-lWr, in Cherry Valley, IHs.. on May ..th.

ZW The 12th annual session of the Texas State
Bee-Keepers' Association, will be held at (^reen-
vme. Hu?,t Co., Texas, on May 7 ""I «• l|«i- A" ">■
terested are invited. J. N. UUNTEB, ifc.

1^- The next annual meeting of the York and
Cumberland Bee-Keepers' Association, will be held
at Buxton Centre, Maine, on May 10, 1890, sessions
Rt 9am and 2 p.m. An interesting programme is
assured 'a cordial invitation is extended to all
fnterested to be present. C. W. Costellow, Sec.

B^-The spring meeting of the Capital Bee-Keepers'
AsMiciation will be held in the Supervisor's Room
of ?heCou?t House at Springfield Ills at lO a.m.,
on May 7, 1890. The foll.iwing subjects will be dis-
cussed- "Production and Care of Comb Honey." by
iHsA Stone: "Prevention of After-Swarms." by A.
Lewi?; and •••Creating a Home Market," by G V.

XMB^ MMBRICJPEirf MMW JQiURnS.!^.

293

r^

Folding the One-Piccc Sections
Toefctiier.

Wrttten lor the American Bee Jou/mdl

QuEHY 705.— 1. How do you fold to-
gether one-piece sections^ 2. What speed
do you, or your helpers, make? — Indiana.

1. With a hammer. — Mrs. L. Harrison.
I use nailed sections. — G. M. Doolitti.e.

I use only four-piece sections. — R. L.
Tatlor.

1. By hand. 2. I do not know. — J. M.
Hambaugu.

We use only the 4piece, dovetailed,
whitewood sections. — C. H. Dibbern

1. By hand. 2. "Lightning speed." — A.
B. Mason.

1. I use a press. 2. I have never timed
it. — A. J. Cook.

1. By dampening and carefully folding,
commencing at the end. 2. 1 could not say.
— Will M. Barnum.

1. With a wooden mallet. 2. This work
is mostly done by boys; 3,000 would be a
good day's work, allowing 10 hours to the
day. — J. P. H. Brown.

1. I use but few one-piece sections,
but the 4-piece. I have 2, and sometimes
3, boys at work putting up sections. 2. I
do not remember how many they put up
per hour. — H. D. Cutting.

I use so few that I require no help, and
have no occasion to time myself as to
speed. I use the all-in-one-piece sections,
and put them together without the use of
a machine. — J. E. Pond.

One of my boys has always done this
work. I do not know what speed he at-
tained. He is now away attending school,
hence I cannot ask him. — Eugene Secor.

I do not use 1 -piece sections. Small boys
can put together from 400 to 500 4-piece
sections a day. It does not pay the bee-
keeper to put together sections, if he has
anything else to do; but it is just fun for
the boys.— G. L, Tinker.

1. Without any machinery, simply push-
ing them together with the hands. 2. My
sou puts together 21 in a minute to show
off, and 16 a minute when doing a day's
work. It takes a strong grip, however, to
do this, and use no mallet. — C. C. Miller.

1 . It is said that a mother-bear, teaching
her son to walk, said: "The way to walk
is to walk." I put them together in the
only obvious way. To prevent them from
breaking, I pour boiling water on the out-
side, opposite the grooves. 2. I hav3 not
used a gi-eat many, and do not know how
many I could put together in a minute. I
can nail 4-piece sections more rapidly than
I can put the 1-piece sections together, and
I prefer them. — M. Mahin.

1 . My method is as follows : A sponge is
used to moisten the wood ; the sponge is
then drawn across the back of the V-cuts ;
as this is done, the pieces are stacked up in
front of the operator. When putting to-
gether, the piece is laid Hat on a solid
dressed surface, with the broad end toward
the operator. The folding is done from the
end pointing toward him. When the dove-
tailed ends are brought in position, a blow
or two of the hammer finishes the job. If
not too dry, the sections will fold without
the sponging, but the box is much stronger
if the sponge is used. 2. I do not time my-
self. A man, or woman either, will live

longer by keeping cool both in body and
mind. Do not time yourself— just work
steadily on.— G. W. Demaree.

Never use 1-piece sections. I would not
take them as a gift, of any manufacture.
They are made of basswood, the joints are
bad, liable to breakage, and, that is not the
worst of it, the openings between the sec-
tions should always go clear through from
side to side, and basswood is not fit to make
sections of, anyway, because it soils and
daubs with honey and stains so easily.
White poplar is the thing, and it does not
work at all on the 1-piece plan. It is not
the right kind of wood, but it is just the
right kind of wood for sections, every other
way. I pay 50 cents per thousand for
driving together, perfect and square, the
4-piece sections, dovetailed at all corners ;
and a small boy who is glad to earn 50
cents a day, will readily put a thousand
together every eight hours.— James Heddon

Use a "press" made for that purpose.
The speed of doing it varies according to
the temperament and capacity of those
doing the work. — The Editor.

INCREASE.

Prevention of Sw^arming With-
out L.OSS to the Bee-Keeper.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY DR. C. C. MILLER.

I have received the following letter
for reply, which fully explains itself :

Dear Sir: — Last fall, at the meeting of
the Northwestern Bee-Keepers' Society in
Chicago, we had a short conversation. In
answer to my question in regard to your
experiments during last season, in caging
the queen for 10 days at the opening of the
swarming season, you told me that the
readers of bee-literature would get what
you knew on the subject, before spring.
Not hearing from you, I take the liberty of
writing to you in regard to the matter.

The finding of some plan whereby in-
crease can be avoided without loss to the
bee-keeper, is a matter in which many are
interested. What do you think of giving
each colony a hatching queen-cell at the
removal of the old queen? By thus doing,
a colony has a new laying queen in about
10 days, but is queenless for not so long a
time. With hives on scales, and otherwise,
my experiments in this matter point quite
conclusively to the fact, that a colony of
bees, queenless or with a caged queen, but
having eggs and brood left them whereby
another mother can be reared, do not
gather as much honey during the queenless
state, as before, or after; nor do I find
them doing as well with a virgin queen
present, as with a fertile one. How does
my decision agree with yours?

The question in my mind has been,
" Does not the bee keeper lose more dollars
in the form of ungathered honey, by pre-
venting increase, than he would expend in
purchasing new hives and allowing a mod-
erate increase?"

Bees have wintered well in this locality.
A part of my colonies were put into the
cellar repository in October; the remainder
a month later, and all camo out in appar-
ently the same condition, with the prefer-
ence, if any, for early putting away. I like
the plan of wintering without the hive-

bottoms. Your opini(m in regard to the
queen caging operation will lie most grate-
fullj' received. J. C. Wheeler.

Piano, Ills., March 81, 1890.

You say well, that " The finding of
some pl;in whereby increase nan be
avoided without loss to the b(!e-kee])er,
is a matter in which many arc inter-
ested." Years ago, the great ihsidera^
turn with many was increase. Gradu-
ally the question arose, "How can we
profitably jirevent increase ?" and this
has changed in tlie minds of many to the
inquiry, "How can we profitably pre-
vent swarming ?" The two questions
are quite different, and to the last I
have as yet seen no satisfactory an-
swer, although it is more and more
coming to the front.

My experiments in caging the queen
were really to prevent swarming, al-
though, of course, whatever prevents
swarming, prevents increase. Instead
of caging, I generally toolj away the
queen and put her in a nucleus, al-
though I do not know that it makes
any material difference, so far as the
old colony is concerned, whether the
queen is caged, or taken away. I took
the queen away before I thought the
colony had got ready to swarm, de-
stroying the queen-cells if any had
been started. Within 6 or 8 days all
sealed cells were again destroj'ed, and
again within 10 or 12 days from taking
the queen. This left it impossible for
these bees to swarm, providing all cells
were destroj^ed as I have stated. But
it is not an easy thing to make sure
that no cells are missed, and so many
were actuiilly missed in my case, that
I can hardly say I am satisfied with the
plan. Please remember, however, that
such men as Messrs. Hetherington and
Elwood are so well satisfied with the
plan, that they use it. and their success
outweighs mj' failure.

Now you will want to know whether
the bees did as good work in tlie ab-
sence of the ([ueen ? Candidly, I do
not know. Mr. Elwood claims that he
finds the bees working with even more
than their wonted vigor after becoming
hopelessly queenless. I certainly know
that in some cases I have seen bees do
excellent work when they had neither
(jueen, brood, nor queen-cell in the
hive. Still, I have some lingering
doubts whether bees will, in the long
run, do just as good work if kept for a
time queenless, as they will when a
queen is present through the entire
season, and no desire arises to swarm.
But in this last consists the trouble —
they are pretty sure to want to swarm,
and this may be worse than being
queenless.

Just how you would like your plan
of giving a hatching queen-cell on re-
moval of the old queen, you can only
tell by trying. Bees have such a way

294

Tmw m^^mmi^mm mM'm j@^MifMir.

of turning iip-side down, plans that
seem to have no possibility of failing.
But I am afraid that j'ou will not like
the plan. I am afraid that your colo-
nies, in most cases, will swarm, and if
thej- do, I hardly see what you will
gain. The only difference would be,
that, in this case, the swarm would
come off with a virgin instead of a lay-
ing queen.

So long as you have raised only the
question of prevention of increase, and
not prevention of swarming, let me
give you a plan that I used with a good
deal of satisfaction, viz :

Wlien a swarm issues, cage the
queen (her wing must be clipped, of
course), and either immediately, or at
any time when it suits your conven-
ience within 2 or 3 days — possibly you
might wait several days — proceed to
operate as follows :

Take out of the hive every comb
that by any possibility might contain a
queen-cell, and put these combs in an
empty hive, shaking off about half the
bees, the idea being to leave on these
combs just as few bees as you think
can take care of the brood. Generally
I took all the combs the colony had.
In the old hive j-ou must leave or put
anywhere from 2 brood-combs to the
hive full. These combs may be with-
out brood, but I suspect it is better
that they should contain brood, and at
least part of it eggs or brood just
hatched. This gives the bees a chance
to rear queen-cells, and if you want
anj', you may count on these being
good. Now put back the super and
cover up the hive just as it was, and
put the new hive on the top of the old
one. Put the queen in this upper hive,
and leave them thus for 10 or 11 d.ays.
At the end of this time lift off every-
thing from the stand, and put on it the
hive containing the queen. If in the
first place you had filled it with combs,
you have nothing to do now but put it
on the stand without taking out a
frame, otherwise you must fill it up.
Put on the supers, and you are done
with that colony for the season, unless
it should again swarm, when jou are
to repeat the first treatment. '

You may ask me, what about the
queen-cells that were left in the hive
on top ? Well, you have nothing to
do with them. Let them alone, and
the bees will destroy them just as well
as you could — in fact better, for they
never miss any when they hunt for
them. You see there are uot enough
bees in the hive to make them want to
swarm, and, what is perhaps more to
the point, there will be little or no
honey brought into the hive for a day
or two, and I think that the bees will
not swarm when such is the case.

The hive taken away from below
may be put in a new place as a nucleus.

and in a day or two it will have a
young queen, or its contents maj' be
distributed wherever they are needed.

During the time the hive was on top,
a number of bees have marked that as
their location ; after the upper story is
taken away, these bees, when they
come back from the field, will fly about
confusedly, then settle in a cluster on
the cover, and soon some one of them
will find the entrance to the lower
hive, when the whole crowd, like a
flock of sheep, will march down the
front of the hive to the entrance below.

Marengo, Ills.

BEE-ESCAPES.

Priority of Invention of tlic
Latest Device.

Written for the American Bee Joiiriuil
BY JOHN S. REESE.

While bee-escapes seem to be one of
the absorbing topics of the present,
and knowing from experience that dis-
cussions bring .such valuable devices
to notice, let us have it out before we
get busy.

Mr. Dibbern's article in the Ameri-
can Bee Journal under date of Dec.
14, 1889, certainly proves the introduc-
tion of horizontal escapes (used inside
the hive), and I do not call to mind
that any one has yet doubted it. His
letter to me, dated Dec. 3, 1889 (11
days before his introductory), and
published in Oleaningsior Jan. 1, 1890,
will also prove beyond a doubt that I
was the first to write for publication
the plan of placing an escape inside a
hole in the honey-board. , Mr. Dib-
bern's article and my own were brought
together in Gleanings by my special
request, so that each should have full
credit. Here is the letter :

Dear Friend Reese :— Your welcome let-
ter of yesterday, together with your model
of bee-escape, is just at hand. I am much
pleased with your escape, and I know it
will work perfectly. In so far as there are
no projections, it is perhaps an improve-
ment on mine. Still, as all modern hives
have bee-spaces, I see no objections to it on
that account.

Again, when used for an inner cover,
yours could be covered by a piece of tin,
while mine would have to be removed,
unless there was a full bee-space in under
the board, in which case it would be neces-
sary only to plug up the hole, and turn it
over. I presume it will require a season's
experience to decide which is really the
better— I admit that yours is an ingenious
arrangement — something that I tried to
conceive, but failed.

Since writing you before, I have made a
board with a center escape, and it is a
beauty ; still, I do not know that it is any
improvement on the single-exit escape.

C. H. UlBBEUN.

MUan, Ills., Dec. 3, 1889.
Now ought not this to settle the
matter ? The thickness of the board

(provided it is as much as a bee-space)
cuts no figure at all, neither does the
outlet to the escape. The writer con-
ceived the idea of placing the horizon-
tal escape in the board, and flush with
the top and bottom, and gave it to the
readers of bee-papers, and his thoughts
have ever been to make it simple, in-
expensive and easy to make — one that
£ftiy bee-keeper ought to make from
the picture, and certainl}' after seeing
a model. He is not in the supply busi-
ness, and would like to see every one
make and use them.

The models that I have been making
are in a thin block, 5-16 of an inch
thick, 3} inches wide, and 6J inches
long. This oblong, square escape
(model) can be let into any thickness
of honey-board, and is as readily
movable as any escape ever made ; but
you will not want to move them.

As regards testing escapes with the
robbing plan, and preventing robbing,
I gave that plan as far back as two
years since — no st}'le of escape will
clear a super of bees in their regular,
every-day condition, as quickly, or as
clean, as we would like it done, unless
we induce the robbing state, then any
style (not excluding the old, reliable,
single, vertical cone) will clean the
super so quickly that we will be sur-
prised.

Many of us will test escapes this
season, and I predict success for the
horizontal kind ; and the writer would
like to hear from those who fail, as he
thinks that he can set them right. Be
sure to protect the supers from the
sunshine, when the escapes are used.

Winchester, Ky., April 19, 1890.

HONEY-PLANTS.

Some Observati«»n§ on Various
Plant $1 for Honey.

Written for the American BeeJoy/rrwZ

BY JOSHUA BULL.

I was much interested in reading
Dr. C. C. Miller's remarks on the sub-
ject of " Farm land for honey alone,"
on page 21-1, and it prompted me to
ofler some of mj' observations and
conclusions concerning honey-plants
and their probable value. Although
my experience has uot been very ex-
tensive in the cultivation of plants for
honey only, yet for the last five years
I have been experimenting in a small
way with a few varieties of plants, and
from the result of those experiments I
submit the following :

Spideb-Plant. — When all conditions
are right, it will yield large quantities
of very thin nectar, which can be seen
in early moruing amid the stamens of
the flowers, but ou account of the

TMm aMERicTCK PHU joijimniti^.

295

j)eculiar construction and openness of
the blossoms, even a very gentle breeze
of wind will shake the nectar all out
of them in an incredibly short time ;
or, when the sun shines out brightly,
the nectar disappears with the morning
dew. Tlie bees do not notice it througli
the middle of the da}'. Therefore, I
conclude that the spider-plant is of
but little value for honey, especially in
localities much exposed to wind.

Cleome, ok Rocky Mountain Bee-
PLANT.^This is a rank, thrifty-grow-
ing plant in this soil, and evidently
yields considerable nectar ; but the
plant and dowers have a very disagree-
able odor, which appears to be im-
parted to the honey which it produces.
Two years ago I had a row of cleome
growing about live rods long, and the
plauts branched out and formed a
complete mass from 6 to 8 feet wide,
the whole length of this row, and
when in full bloom, it was very beauti-
ful in appearance. Although there
were more than 40 colonies of bees
which had access to it, yet one colony
succeeded in storing enough honey
from this little patch of plants, so that
the odor of the plant was plainly dis-
cernible in some of the honey in the
sections, both to the smell, and to the
taste. This seems to indicate that
cleome, when well grown, will j-ield
considerable quantities of honey, but
not of a desirable quality for table use.

I have been watching with consid-
erable interest for Prof. A. J. Cook's
account of his experiment with cleome,
wdiich I understood he proposed to
make last season ; but if anything has
been published concerning the result,
it has escaped my notice, or else I have
forgotten about it. I wish that the
Professor would give us his opinion
about cleome as a honey-plant.

Catnip. — This is a good hoaey-
bearing plant, but it also has a flavor
peculiar to that herb, which is im-
parted to the honey that it produces,
but, fortunately, it is not very objec-
tionable, and r estimate it as one of the
best of honey-plants.

Melilot. — This plant is too widely
and favorably known to need anything
further said in its praise. Its delight-
ful fragrance is a guarantee for the
excellence of the honej- which it pro-
duces, and the eagerness with which
the bee visits it, is an indication of the
quantitj\ as well as the quality of the
nectar which they obtain from it ;
although there are times when, for
some cause, they seem to pass it by
almost unnoticed — but this is also the
case with almost all other honey-bear-
ing plants, shrubs and trees.

Simpson Honey-Plant. — It is per-
haps one of the most valuable of any
on the list of plants to be grown for

" honey alon(i " in this locality. It is
a rank, thiifty-growing perennial ;
grows re.adily from the seed, and,
when once startc^l, will crowd every-
thing else out so far as it is allowed to
spread. Thi! variety which 1 have (I
think that it is called " early or
dwarf") grows about 8 feet high, anfl
branches out like a small tree. It
commences to bloom in July, and con-
tinues in bloom until severe frost stops
its growth — usually in September or
October, in this locality.

When this plant is in bloom, and the
weather is such as to admit of it, the
bees literally swarm over it from the
early dawning of the morning until
the shades of evening fall. Hive-bees,
bumble-bees, yellow-jackets, hornets,
and other species of honey-loving in-
sects hover around it and keep up a
roaring equal to a large swarm on the
wing, which can be heard several rods
distant.

I have never been able to form any
definite opinion as to the flavor of the
honey from this plant, but if the eager-
ness manifested by all kinds of bees
and other insects to get some of it, is
any criterion to judge by, then the
quality must be excellent, and the
quantity considerable. I have had a
little patch of this (perhaps equal to
about one square rod) growing for the
the last 5 or 6 years, and have many
times noticed that all wild bees — such
as yellow-jackets, hornets, etc. — have
a great preference for this plant ; ap-
parently, they will not notice any
other kind of flowers in its vicinity,
therefore the hive-bees stand a poor
chance to get much from so small a
stand of plants.

I have sometimes watched the bees
working on the Simpson honey-plant,
to see how often each blossom would
be visited ; and I calculated that every
oijen blossom was examined by one or
more bees as often as once every min-
ute, on an average, throughout the
whole of each and every fine day. Of
course they could not get much each
time when visited so often, but still
they would get enough to keep them
hanging around, rather than to go
somewhere else to look for honey.

Another important feature about it
is, that whatever dearth of nectar
there may be from other sources, I
have never known the bees to desert
the Simpson honey-plant, when it was
in bloom, and the weather suitable for
bees to work.

Now, with the little knowledge I
have of this matter, and the impres-
sions received by observations made
from the foregoing trifling and com-
paratively insignificant experiments, I
am ready to believe that it will " pay
to occupy farm land for honey alone "
— provided that care is taken to select

plants well suited to the soil and loca-
tion, and that we do not have to jias-
ture too many of other people's bees.
My first choice of plants for such pur-
pose in Miis place, would be the Simp,
son honey-plant ; second choice, meli-
lot — but the latter does not seem to
"catch" well when sown broadcast on
soil here. I have tried twice to seed
half an acre, by sowing it with gi-ain
crops, the same as other clovers, but
for some cause it mostly failed to
grow.

GoLDEN-Roi). — That " Many men
have many minds," is, I think, verified
by the many difl'erent opinions which
have lately been expressed through
the columns of the American Bee
Journal concerning golden-rod as a
honey-plant ; and perhaps to some ex-
tent they may all be correct, under
certain conditions, so far as the plant
itself is concerned ; but I think that
some of them are mistaken in regard
to the character of the honey which it
produces, if not in the quantity.

In this part of the country, golden-
rod is a good honey-plant, when all the
conditions are right, but it needs an
abundance of rain to keep the ground
moist when it is in bloom, to enable it
to secrete nectar freely. For example,
last August, when golden-rod first be-
gan to bloom, the weather was very
dry, and the bees paid no attention to
it until about Aug. 20, when we had a
heavy fall of rain which soaked the
ground, and for 3 or 4 days after the
rain, the bees were all excited over the
golden-rod — 7 or 8 bees would some-
times be working on the same flower,
all at once ; but after a week or so of
dry weather, they seemed not to notice
it any more.

Golden-rod honey, when free from
admixture with any other kind of
honey, is of a peculiarly bright-straw
color, rather thin in texture, and has a
flavor, when first gathered, decidedly
resembling a weak decoction of the
plant, and it is as little inclined to
granulate as any other honey with
which I am acquainted. I have had
it remain liquid a year or more, but it
is not often that we can get it free
from mixture with other honey, be-
cause boneset, wild celandine, wild
asters, etc., all bloom about the same
time with golden-rod. Honey from
wild asters will granulate in a very
short time, whether in the comb or out
of it.

Aster honey, when free from admix-
ture, is very white — I think that it is
as white as linden honey, and, when
first gathered, it has a sort of spicy
flavor, wdiich is very pleasant to the
taste ; but when it granulates, it loses
that spiciness. I send to the Editor a
sample of it, and would like his opin-
ion in I'cgard to its quality, and prob-

296

's-mm m^mMmi^mm mmm j^vimmmi^.

m»»^^mk^^tA

able market value. The sample which
I send probably is not entirely free
from admixture with honey from some
other autumn flowers, yet it has
enough of the aster honey to make it
candy quickly.
Seymour, Wis.

[The two one-pound sections of
honey came to hand in due time. The
capping was peculiarly white, and
made a very attractive appearance,
but the honey was granulated solid,
making it of no market value as comb
honey.

The flavor is quite pleasant to the
taste, but honey which granulates
quickly should always be extracted as
soon as possible, to make it available
for manufacturing purposes ; for such
use the flavor is not taken into account,
and if any of its " spiciness " be lost in
granulating, it will not affect its mar-
ket value.

This honey is evidently a mixture
from fall flowers, including the asters.

Of all the honey gathered in the
fall, that from sweet clover (Melilotus
alba) is the most pleasant to the taste
and it yields plentifully until after the
ffosts come. — Ed.]

OHIO.

Report of the State Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY MISS DEMA BENNETT.

The afternoon session of the first day
was called to order by Pres. H. R.
Boardman, and opened by an enjoya-
ble song by Drs. Miller and Mason.

BEVERSING THE COMBS.

Mr. Chalon Fowls, of Oberlin, then
read an essay on "Reversing." He
had 2 illustrations showing the appear-
ance of the brood in the comb, before
and after reversing.

Mr. E. R. Root exhibited a sample
of casting for the ends of the frames,
to be used in reversing the frames.
He said that he had but little expe-
rience in reversing, but would like to
have the matter discussed. Reversing
will cause the bees to build the combs
moi'e firmly in the frame, and do not
need wiring — some do not wire the
frames.

F. A. Eaton — What is the use of re-
versing ?

Mr. Fowls — It will, if rightly done,
enable the operator to secure the whole
crop of white honey in the sections.

and the bees will also more readily
enter the sections.

S. F. Newman — If reversing helps to
get honey, do it ; if not, then do not
practice it. It costs time and money.

He could not see that reversing would
help any, and if the only object is to
get the bees into the sections, it would
not pay, as he never had any trouble
to get them into supers. If reversing
would get the bees ready for the har-
vest, it might pay. The main thing is
to get the colonies strong. During
fruit-bloom he puts 2 or 3 brood-
combs in each hive, from which he
extracts the honey just as white clover
comes into bloom. At this time, he
puts on the sections, and never has any
trouble to get the bees to go into the
sections in the old colonies, or to get
honey, if there is any in the blossoms
to gather. If, at this time, the bees
swarm, he hives the new swarm on 5
or 6 frames, using only emptj' frames
with a strip of foundation — just enough
to make the bees build straight combs.

Daniel White, would not trouble to
revei'se the combs.

Geo. Spitler asked Mr. Fowls if he
did not have too many bees by re-
versing ?

Mr. Fowls — I do not think that it
prevents swarming, but I do think
that it discourages swarming.

N. T. Phelps, has reversed combs
some. His experience is that he gets
no more brood, but gets it concentra-
ted, and he secures just as much honey
in the brood-nest, besides getting bet-
ter combs, than with the non-reversing
frames.

Few of those present had practiced
reversing.

EXTRACTING AND EXTRACTORS.

The next essay was by Dr. A. B.
Mason — "Extracting; which are most
expeditious, reversing or non-reversing
machines?" He read extracts from re-
ports of those who had used the rever-
sible extractor, and who spoke in
praise of its merits.

It was claimed that the reversible
extractor was easier on the combs, on
account of its larger circumference.
A. I. Root called it a "man-killer."

Dr. Miller said that the reversible
machine must be large. I think that
the small one beats the large one " all
hollow."

O. J. Post has one, but the poor
honey seasons of the last 2 or 3 years
have not given him the opportunity to
test it as he would like.

A question was raised as to which
was the hardest to operate, but it was
not decided.

Mr. Phelps — You have to turn harder
to get it started, but after it is started,
it does not take any more power to
turn it.

Mr. J. F. Moore said that he thought
that most of the large honey-producers
in California used the reversible ex-
tractor.

BASSWOOD — THE BEE-BUSINESS.

A recess of 10 minutes was then
taken, which was followed by Pres.
H. R. Boardman's address, on "A brief
glance at past and future bee-keep-
ing." Pres. Boardman referred to the
great destruction of basswood, but Mr.
A. I. Root does not think that this is
all the reason why the hcxney crop
seems to be getting smaller and smaller
each year. There are, perhaps, many
reasons for the failure. He believes
that it would pay to plant basswood
trees for honey. He told of a man who
cut down his basswood, and sold it to
him for sections a few years ago, and
from the sprouts around the stumps,
timber is again large enough to make
into sections.

Dr. Miller said that there is always
something to encourage the bee-keeper
— it is a hopeful business. In 1882 he
had 16,849 pounds of honey ; the years
following, he had less and less, until in
1887 he had to feed his bees 2,800
pounds of sugar to keep them alive.
In 1889, he had 12,000 pounds of
honey, and now perhaps it will be
getting better. There is no basswood
in his locality.

Mr. C. A. Camp said that he was
present at a convention in Cleveland
19 years ago, when Capt. Hetherington
reported that he had sold honey so that
it yielded an enormous revenue, and
that had induced him, as well as many
others, to go into the bee-business, and
most of them failed. He advised young
men to be careful about going into the
business, and does not think it is best
for bee-keepers to speak only of their
success, at conventions, but they should
also recount their failures, so that we
should have both sides of the stor)-.

S. F. Newman said that the bee-bus-
iness was a hopeful one. There was
not a ye.ar in the last 15 but that the
bees had paid their way. It is "hope-
ful," because he hopes for a good year
the coming summer.

Several communications were read
by the Secretary, announcing the re-
sult of "Prang's National Flower"
campaign, which gave 70 per cent, of
all votes cast, for Golden-Rod ; words
of greeting from Prof. A. J. Cook, C.
P. Dadant, and R. F. Holtermann, the
two latter expressing the hope that we
would afliliate with the International;
also one from Anna L. Cowan, the
daughter of Rev. L. L. Langstroth,
saying that her father was in very
feeble health, but that she could not
relinquish the hope that there might
yet be days of health and enjoyment in
store for him. She said :

'rmm mw^mmic-mM Mmm johjrnsil.

297

^^^^'^^■~'**-~-*-^*-^-

"He desires me to eay that were he able. It
would ffive him great pleasure to meet with
the Ohio convention, that he mij^ht look upon
the faces of his bee-lteeping friends, and plve
them a kindly clasp of the hand. He desires
to be kindly remembered to them all, and
wishes you a pleasant and helpful meeting,
and to all a prosperous and happy year."

On motion, it was unanimously car-
ried that the Secretary be instructed to
convey to Father Langstroth, our sym-
pathy in his affliction, and hope that he
■will regain his health so as to be with
us at our next meeting.

THE QUESTION-BOX.

Is it best to hive swarms on frames
filled with comb foundation, or on
empty frames ?

The majority were in favor of using
comb foundation.

Is it advisable to put in full size, or
only partly till sections with founda-
tion ?

A large majority — nearly 3 to 1 —
would fill the section with foundation.

Is it advisable to encourage those
about us to embark in bee-keeping ?

Dr. Miller said that it might be, if
the ground was not already full}' occu-
pied ; if it was, he would advise all to
stay off the field. The President said
that there was room for all — let them
try it. A. I. Root advised no one to
go into bee-keeping, but if any person
wanted to go into the business, he
would do all he could for them by
giving advice, etc. ; but it is essential
that they " go slow " — commence with
a few swarms, so as to learn the busi-
ness as they go.

Toledo was chosen as the place for
holding the next meeting. Ofiicers for
the ensuing year were chosen as fol-
lows :

President, Dr. A. B. Mason, of
Auburndale; Vice-President, S. F. New-
man, of Norwalk ; and Secretary and
Treasurer, Miss Dema Bennett, of Bed-
ford.

The convention then adjourned until
7 pm.

Evening Session.

The convention was called to order
at 7 o'clock, with Pres. Boardman in
the chair. Dr. Miller sang a song en-
titled, "Higher than I," after which
the question-box was opened.

FASTENING BEES IN HIVES.

Is it advisable to fasten bees into the
hive in cellar-wintering?

A. I. Root said that at one time he
had fastened bees into the hive, but
they had plenty of air. They did well.
He would not shut them in, if tight
bottom-boards were used.

Dr. Miller would not shut the bees
in, because bees would die in the hive,
and so become filthy, which would not
be if the hive is left open, as the dead
bees would be dragged out. He would
rather have dead bees on the cellar- floor

than in the hive, because they could
then be swept up. He thought that no
bees but those which were about to die
would leave the hive. They would also
be uneasy if shut in the hive.

A. I. Root said that at one time he
picked up a lot of bees which had left
the hive and were chilled, and after
warming them up, he used them to
strengthen a weak colony, which did
well.

The President said that this was an
important question. Mr. Root's report
might induce a young bee-keeper to do
the wrong thing. Bees will not toler-
ate anything in their hives which is not
clean. If hives are shut up tight, they
cannot remove the dead bees. By
shutting them in, we break one of their
laws. He knew of a man that bought
40 or 50 colonies, put them into a
cellar in closed hives, and all died. If
they would remain quiet, they might
come out all right ; but if they were to
become uneasy when the weather was
a little too warm, the combs might be
melted down. Shutting the bees in
the hive produces an abnormal condi-
tion. With plenty of room below, the
conditions would be bettered.

N. T. Phelps related how a man had
fastened his bees at the top and bottom
of the hive with wire-screens, and they
all died in April.

Dr. Tinker thought that with wire-
cloth they might be successfully win-
tered.

Quite a merriment was caused by
the question, "Who is the best bee-
keeper in Ohio ?"

" What is the best remedy for bee-
stings?" provoked quite a discussion,
and many remedies were given. Dr.
Mason said that any essential oils, such
as oil of cinnamon, cloves, peppermint,
etc., was good. Have them on hand,
and if visitors are stung, apply at once.
In bad cases, call a physician. Some
recommended cold water as the best
remedy, and other remedies were also
suggested, such as Pond's extract, etc.

H. F. Moore read a very interesting
essay on marketing honey.

Dr. Mason read a letter relating to a
sample of what was bought in Cleve-
land as honey. Proper resolutions
were passed, and committees ap-
pointed to investigate the matter.

H. F. Moore exhibited samples of
honey in packages, both comb and ex-
tracted. He sold to one druggist 68
quart-cans ; to another 60 pounds.
They prepare it in small packages.

After a recess, "Spring-time Joys"
was sung by Dr. Miller.

PRODUCTION OF COMB HONEY.

N. T. Phelps, of Kingsville, made a
few remarks of much interest on the
production and mai-keting of comb

honey. He winters his bees on tho
summer stands and practices several
methods. The important thing is to
know your locality — when honey-pro-
ducing llowers bloom — and have the
bees ready lo take the honey. He
always keeps a i-ecord of the time
when the ditl'erenthonej'-plants bloom.
He takes brood from the weak colo-
nies to strengthen those that are
stronger, as weak colonies would not
store any honey. He uses mostly wide
frames in the production of comb
honey. His hardest work is to control
swarming, which he tries to do until
basswood blooms, when, if they swarm,
he puts them back and takes out
queen-cells, when they are not likely
to swarm again.

He uses small wide-frames, holding
3 sections apiece, using wood separa-
tors 3J inches wide, made of basswood.
He thinks the comb honey is whiter for
using wood, and claims that a person,
even if inexperienced, could pick out
the honey which had been produced
with tin or wood separators. Wood is
far cheaper than tin. He cannot get
honey in good shape to crate for
market without separators ; has used
a few T supers ; controls swarming by
cutting out queen-cells and drone-
brood, and by expanding the brood-
nest ; contracts the brood-nests after
the bees have swai'med, and uses wide
frames because he can the better grade
the surplus according to size of colony.
About one-third will swarm.

SHIPPING COMB HONEY.

Dr. Miller explained how he packed
his honey into a car, and it carried
in fine condition to Pittsburg.

The President told how he had
bought honey, which was shipped to
him over 500 miles, and was badly
broken. He thinks that if there had
been a separator between the sections
as when on the hive, it would have
carried all right.

Dr. Besse said that dui-ing the Cen-
tennial at New Orleans, he shipped to
that city 2,000 pounds ; put sections
lengthwise of the cars, and it went
through in fine condition. He took at
the same time, the same amount of ex-
tracted honey in bottles, and did not
break a bottle. Some of the frames
in his hives of bees were broken.

Dr. Miller would not ship a section
if the top and bottom were not well
fastened into the sections. To have
them well fastened, put a strip of foun-
dation at the top and bottom.

H. F. Moore would ship in a 2-tier
crate holding 24 sections. Mr. Phelps
shipped 120 pounds in sections to a
point 180 miles south-west of Denver,
Colo., and not a pound was broken.

The convention then adjourned to
meet at 9 o'clock a.m., the next day.

298

rtmm mwmmmi^MM m.mm j©wKifjiEr.

SECOND DAY— MORNING.

The first session of the second clay
opened with a song by Dr. Miller,
followed b}- an essay by S. F. Newman,
on "Bee-Forage," which was fine, and
led to the following discussion :

SWEET CLOVER AND OTHER PLANTS.

Mr. Newman said that he did not
believe the tulip (poplar) tree was
appreciated as it should be. He had
seen it so thick with honey that when
he took blossoms of it to his children,
they were delighted to extract the
honey from them.

Dr.Miller said sweet clover will grow
in out-of-the-way places ; had sown as
much as 20 acres, but it would not
grow under cultivation, for him.

Mr. Newman has no faith in sweet
clover for honey.

President Boardman asked if any
person present had ever known of a
large crop of honey being gathered
from sweet clover? Mr. Newman had
not ; J. F. Moore had known of a de-
cided sweet-clover flavor in the honey.
The question was asked, "What is
the quality of sweet clover honey ?"
A. I. Root said that experiments
showed that in order to know the
quality of anj- kind of honey, a large
area of plants of a kind is required.
Bees consume so much hou,ey in brood-
rearing that it is hard to get any one
kind of honej'. At Ogden, Utah, he
had seen large areas of sweet clover
upon which the bees did splendidly.
The honey was as nice and of as fine a
flavor as any he ever saw. He had an
idea that 100 colonies would want 100
acres of sweet clover, to do much
good.

Mr. White had tasted sweet clover
honej' that was very fine. H. F.
Moore said that some claimed it a bad
weed. F. A. Eaton said there were
acres of it on one side of Toledo. He
thought that sweet clover honey was
disagreeable to the taste. Dr. Mason
thought that perhaps Mr. Eaton did
not know that the honey was pure
sweet clover ; it was hard to tell. He
had at one time about 70 pounds which
was nice, and he thought it was sweet
clover honey.

Dr. Miller thought as locality had so
much to do with it, perhaps sweet
clover blossoms might secrete honey in
the West, and not in the East. He said
that the bloom of sweet clover extends
beyond that of white clover — blooms
forever.

A general discussion followed as to
the feasibility of sowing or planting
for honey alone. The opinion seemed
to be that it would not pay. Alsike
clover was generally called a good
honey-plant, and well liked for hay.

Dr. Miller thought that the produc-
tion of honey might be increased by

inducing nurserj-men to plant and sell
basswood trees to those who wish to
plant shade-trees. He had at difl'erent
times planted for others, and got
others to plant basswood, he furnishing
the trees himself. He reported how
some one had cut down a basswood
and planted a linden, thinking it
another kind of tree. He also thought
it might pay to plant sweet and Alsike
clover. He thought that cattle could
be induced to eat sweet clover, and if
it could be made a forage plant it
would pay. as it yields honey.

President Boardman said that cattle
will, under some circumstances, eat
sweet clover. Most of those present
had not much faith in sweet clover as
a honey or forage plant, though some
knew it to produce lots of honey. Some
claimed it as a weed. The President
said that it was not, as it would not
spread.

Mr. A. I. Root thinks that alfalfa
may j"et prove valuable as a honey-
plant in Ohio, as it had in Colorado
and other places in the West.

WATER FOR THE BEES.

Dr. Miller said that bees need lots
of water. He uses crocks filled with
water, and puts in wooden floats. The
bees take the water from the wood,
and none are drowned.

Mr. Newman uses rotten wood on
the water. Dr. Besae uses a trough 10
feet long and 4 inches deep, which
holds 5 pails of water. Bees had
emptied the trough twice in one day.
He puts a handful of salt in the trough
once a week. He had a colonj' which
gained 40 pounds in 6 days from fruit
blossoms ; it was strongly flavored
with cherry.

The committee to prepare a Consti-
tution and By-Lays for the association,
consisting of E. R. Root, H. F. Moore,
and Miss Dema Bennett, wei'e called
upon for a report, when Dr. A. B.
Mason moved that we adopt the Con-
stitution and By-Laws as prepared by
the committee, and trust to their judg-
ment, without taking time to have it
read and debated upon. The motion
was carried unanimously.

Dr. A. B. Mason (committee on Res-
olutions) reported as follows :

Resolved, That in the publication of the
Honey Almanac, by Thomas G. Newman, of
Chicago, we have something " new under the
sun," and of real merit, and would recommend
a. g^enerous distriV)ution of them, as a means of
increasing' the demand for honey, in the home
market.

Resolved, That the thanks of this Associa-
tion arc due, and are hereby tendered, to the
railroads of the State, for their kindly gi\'ing:
us reduced rates of fare ; to Hotel, Cleveland
papers, and to the City Council : to Dr. C. C.
Miller, of Marenyro, Ills., who has favored us
with ills presence, and with his inimitable
renderiuf? of bee-keepers' sonijs, whicli have
enlivened our sessions, and for his hearty
ihterest and work during our meeting, we
cordially extend our most sincere thanks.

The report was unanimously adopted;
also, a motion that this Association

affiliate witii the " Interuiitional Bee-
Association."

J. B. Hains then read an essay on
" Out Apiaries."

Mr. S. F. Newman has 2 out-apiaries,
one of which he runs for extracted
honey, the other for comb honey ; he
allows strong colonies to swarm. As
soon as white clover blooms, he puts
the supers on ; does not extract until
the season is over ; puts an empty
story over the colony, raising the filled
super on the top, and gets better
honey in this way. The comb honey
apiary he visits often ; has 70 colo-
nies in the extracting apiary, and 50
where he runs for comb honey. Gen-
erally he gets some buckwheat bloom,
but extracts before this.

F. A. Eaton read an essay on " Cel-
lar-Wintering of Bees."

President Boardman, who is one of
the most extensive bee-keepers in the
State, leaves the bottom-boards on the
summer stands, and winters the bees
without them ; he tries to put them in
when the temperature is falling ; the
cellar should be kept dark, with a tem-
perature about 4rp ; and the bees
should not be removed from the cellar
to the open air when the temperature
outside is high.

F. A. Eaton places blocks under
each corner of the hive, for ventilation.
Dr. Miller considers loose bottom-
boards and blocks superfluous. The
temperature should not be over 50°.
He had, at one time, when his cellar
was full of hives, raised the tempera-
ture to 72°, and the bees showed no
visible uneasiness. He then opened
the windows, and the next morning
the bees were more quiet than they
had been for some time.

Dr. Mason thinks that 45° is the
right temperature, and said that where
he can keep vegetables in a cellar,
there he can keep bees.

S. F. Newman put his bees into the
cellar last September, had looked at
them in November, and did not expect
to see them again until spring. He
would not give any one a dollar to in-
sure them as being all right.

N. T. Phelps thinks that there are
large exaggerations in regard to con-
sumption of stores in wintering. His
bees do not consume as much as other
people's bees do, as tliey tell it. He
thinks that a cellar or cave for winter-
ing bees is much the cheapest.

E. R. Root, who was to read an
essay on " Out-Door Wintering of
Bees," asked to be excused, owing to
the lateness of the hour.

A. Webster said that any one pass-
ing his place would see three hives on
top of his house ; they have been there
for three years, and no colonies in the
apiar}' have wintered better.

TH® 21MERICK1H mmW JOlQPKNai^.

299

A vote was taken, showing that
about lu'o-thirils of those present win-
tered their bees out-doors.

In answer to a question, Dr. Mason
said that ammonia in water will re-
move ])ropolis from the hands.

Tlu! Convention then adjourned till
1:30 p.m.

The Afternoon Session

opened with a song by Dr. Miller, who
was unanimously elected an honorary
member of the Association ; also Geo.
Spitler, of Mosiertown, Pa., wlio has
kindly assisteil in preparing this i-e-
port of the Convention.

E. R. Root then read an essay on
" Thick Top-Bars and Honej'-Boards."

A. I. Root remarked tl\at Father
Langstroth used thick top-bars 25 years
ago — the modern device was only an
improvement, because the combs are at
fixed distances. He does not, as yet,
know which is best.

President Boai-dman said that since
using the thick top-bars, he had not
been troubled with burr-combs.

In answer to the question, " How
many use honey-boards ?" it was shown
that only 9 of those present use them.

Dr. Miller said that he had learned
to do awaj- with honey-boartls.

President Boardman thinks that
wide frames are the most perfect, be-
cause the sections are better protected
from propolis.

Dr. Miller has less cleaning with the
T super, than with auj' other method
that he has tried.

C. A. Graves uses the T super, and
a top-bar scant f of an inch.

Dr. G. L. Tinker then read an essay,
entitled, " Perforated Zinc for Queen-
Rearing." He was kept busy answer-
ing questions for quite awhile.

C. A. Graves, chairman of the com-
mittee on Exhibits, reported that all of
the articles on exhibition were favor-
ably mentioned in their report.

Mr. S. F. Newman, chairman of the
committee on statistics, reported for
the convention as follows : Number
of colonies in the fall of 1888, 3,524 ;
number in the spring of 1889,3,265;
and number in the fall of 1889, 4,067.
Number of pounds of comb honey in
1889, 46,099 ; number of pounds of ex-
tracted honey in 1889, 27,145 ; number
of pounds of beeswax in 1889, 756.
The average yield of honey was about
22 pounds per colonj', spring count.

Dr. G. L. Tinker, of Nevv Philadel-
phia, Daniel White, of New London,
and O. S. Terrell, of North Ridgeville,
were appointed delegates to the Inter-
national Convention, at Keokuk, Iowa.

An essay by Miss Denia Bennett,
(Secretary), on "Queen Rearing and
Shipping," was last on the programme.

The Convention then adjourned to
meet at Toledo, Ohio, at the call of the
Executive Committee.

LUSSONS OF'

Convention.

Those who havn attended previous Ohio
bee-couveutions, sooni to be well pleased
with both the altcndauce and interest taken
at this meeting; hut there is cue thing that
I noticed — too many of them took a silent
interest. tSevoral Itoe-keepers, who have
from 75 up to ;iOO colonies, and must have
had experience in some of the subjects
brought up, said never a word. I, for one,
would be glad to see this order of things
changed, liut how can it be brought about ;

How would it do to divide the convention
into classes for each topic, thus; One class
to be composed of those who have had
experience, and the other those who were
interested, but have not had the experience,
who should be free to ask questions of the
other side — 1 question only — until the last
class had been "clear around," when, if the
time devoted to the topic was not all taken
up, they could ask <|uestions around again,
or the first class could each, in turn, speak
on the question a stipulated time, until all
had spoken. It is surprising how much can
be crowded into a short space of time in an
"experience meeting" where all are
interested.

In some such way we would become
better acquainted with each other ; and, I
believe in "The greatest good, to the great-
est number." This would relieve the Pres-
ident of embarrassment, which proceeds
from not knowing the names of members,
and naturally enough calls on those he does
know, rather than to risk putting the right
man on the wrong subject. (I hope that
Pres. Mason will appreciate my considera-
tion for his bashfulness).

To say that we were greatly indebted to
Dr. Miller for inspiring the convention with
his kindly presence and cheering voice, is
needless to those who know that the Doctor
is a "host in himself," and we sincerely
hope tliat now he is one of us, we shall meet
him again in the Buckeye State.

I wish to put this Association on record
as having disposed of all the topics on the
programme, by the reading of an essay,
followed by discussion, excepting a talk by
Mr. A. I. Root, and the absence of 1 person ;
but the topic was taken up in its regular
time, and the convention closed promptly
on time on the last day.

Dema Bennett, Sec.

[The many interesting essays read
at the above Convention will appear
in the Bee Journal, as we may be
able to find place for them. — Eu.]

BEES IN SPRING.

The Early Spring management
of Bees.

Written for the Michigan Farmer

BY GEO. E. HILTON.

The time of year is upon us again,
when the bees should be watched
closely, to see that they do not get out
of stores. Look over the colonies
closely, and be sure that they have an
abundance. You may find some colo-
nies that have more than they need,
while the next may be on the point of
starvation; these may be equ.alized, but
be sure that you do not roll the plente-
ous one, for one good colony is worth
more than two weak ones, and plenty
of stoi'cs at this time of year, means

plenty of bi'cs in time to gatlier thi'
first fiow of nectar.

The instinct of the bee must approacli
the ability to reason more (dosely than
is common in tlie insect kingdom, for
as soon as tlicir stores begin to grow
short, and no honey in the fields, the
production of eggs lessens in propor-
tion. So you see it is very poor econ-
omy to stint the bees, with the thought
that if you can keep them along until
honey begins to come in, they will be
all right. The bees may get along
very well, but their keeper (if he de-
serves the name), will come out at the
"small end of the horn." I have often
said that it we could have our colonies
strong when the hard maple blooms,
as they are when the basswood blooms,
we should get as much honey from the
former as the latter.

I once secured 200 pounds from the
raspberiy and blackberry bloom before
the white clover bloomed ; that season
nay colonies were very strong early,
and while I did not get any surplus
from the maple bloom, the bees gath-
ered large quantities, and fitted the
brood-nest in the best possible shape
for the berry bloom. J could have ex-
tracted considerable from the brood-
nest, but it would have meant just that
much less berrj'-bloom honey in the
sections.

I speak of all this to show how nec-
essary it is to have plenty of stores in
the brood-nest during the next 30 days.

A noted bee-keeper of this State once
told me that he would just as soon have
5 pounds of honey in the hive on May
1, as more. But I will venture the as-
sertion that I can take a colony with
the same numerical strength, having 15
pounds of honey, as one having 5
pounds, the first of May, and take 20
pounds more surplus from it during
the season, and leave each the same
number of pounds to winter on.

Of course, my advice is to make all
this preparation the previous season,
but if, as some colonies do, they use up
so much during the winter that they
are short at this time of year, by all
means feed them. Feed honey, if you
have it ; if not, make a syrup of sugar,
just as you do for table use. I once
fed quite a quantity of maple syrup,
and it answered very nicely for breed-
ing purposes.

In feeding, if you have hives with
tight bottoms, just raise the front end
of the hive about 2 inches, and pour
the food in it at the rear end of the
frames while quite warm. I prefer to
do this just toward evening ; it wall all
be cleaned up before morning, and
there is no danger of robbing. Don't
open the hives or handle the frames
more tlian necessarj', at this time of
year, and keep the bees tucked up as
warm as possible.

300

TTMm MMBRKCAIf WMM JOmRMmiU,

COIVVENTIOIV UIRECTOKY.

1890. Time and pUirc nf mccllnij.

Miiy 7.-Cllpltul, lit SprliiKtleld. IIIh.

C. K. Vofom, See Sherman, Ills.

May 7, H.— ToxiiM State, at GroenvlHo, Tex.

,T. N. lliiiitor, 8oc., Celeste, Tex.

May 10. -York and Cumberland, at Huxtctn Ctr.. Me.
C. W. CostelUiw, Sec., Wttterboro, Me.

May I7.~IIaIdtnnvnd, at Cayutfa, Ont.

E. C. Cadipbell, See., Cayuga, t>nt.

May 20.— Northern IlIlncplH, at Cherry Valley, Ill«.
I). A. Kullor. Sec., Cherry Valley, 1118.

July 17.-Carollna, at Charliitte, N. C.

N. 1". Lyles, See., Dorlta N. C.

1138?" In order to have this table complete,
Sooretaries ai'o rcquosted to forward full
partii'iilars of tlie time aud the place of
each future meetiug. — The Riiitou.

Internationa,! Bee-Assoclatlon.

PiiKsiDKNT— llini. U. I,. Tayhir. . I,apccr, Mich.
SECiiKTAiiv— ('. P. Umlaut Ilaiiillldii, Ilia.

ITational Bee-Keepers' Union.

PliKRiDBNT— .lames Hcddoii . Dowatfliu', Mich.
Sec'y. and Manaoku— T. G. Ncwiniin.ChU^UKO.

Not HO 4;ol<l— Wintered ■'''iix-ly.

Yea, verily, it will uot do to combine
pleasure with letter-writinp, especially if
one is pressed for time, as was the case
when I prcparc<l the article on '* Winter-
ing Hees," which was published on page
2(!J. The type writer operator, among
other mistakes made, caused mo to say
that the theriuometer at one time last win-
tor, registered (it) degrees below zero. Now
be it known that it never has been that
low in any jiortion of Nebraska; I shoidd
have said 2ii degrees below zero. Since
writing the article referred to above, I have
taken the bees from the collar, and find
that every colony is in fine condition, and
breeding rapidly. A. C Tvuum..

Madison, Nebr., April 19, 1890.

HeeM are at tVwrlc.

My bees have been at work for some time.
Last fall 1 put ."i <'iilonies into winter (juar-
ters, and this spring 1 have taken only 8
out alive --the other 2 have gone to the
"hai)py hunting grounds." 1 intend to
build large hives Ibis year, and let only
one swarm issue from the hive of each
colony. O. K. Hawkins.

Heliport, N. Y.

Paiiiliiis: llir«>M— 1Viiit<T4Ml M'«'II.

As the subject of painted and unpainted
hives is being discussed, I would say that I
paint all of my hives white, and never use
any shade, and have no troublt^ about
combs melting down; but Inst season 1
made some hives that 1 did not paint, and
in nearly every one the cdmbs melted
down. I had 5 colonies in iinpaiiitcd hives,
and there was not one of them that came
through in good condition. I like my hives
painted on tbe insidt^ as well as outsitle —it
pays.

The weather so far has not been very
good for bees, but they have been working
for the last few days on box-elder, and
seem to be in pretty good (»ndition. All
the 235 colonies that 1 put iuto the cellar
wintered well, except 5J that were queen-

less. 1 notice that one writer who has less
than 50 trolonies, wants to know who can
beat him. I think that I can do nearly as
well with more bees. Three years ago I
had 100 colonies, and had no loss; 2 years
ago 140, and no loss; and 235 last year,
witli only 2 lost, and if I would have had
time to look them over last fall, I would
not have lost those, for I would have
doubled them up with some others. They
came out far ahead of my expectations for
not being looked over at all in the fall. As
I had to build a new house very late, I had
no time to attend to the bees.

N. Staininoeu.
Tiptou, Iowa, April 22, 1890.

llccM ^Viiiter<Ml Very Well.

My bees have wintered very well. I
never saw so much honey in the hives at
this time of the year. J. L. Way.

South Newbury, O., April 19, 1890.

PIntteriiiK ProMpectH— ^o I..OMi!ieH.

The prospects for a good honey crop in
this locality are very flattering. Nothing
but unfavorable weather will prevent it.
There are no winter losses hero; in fact,
colonies wintered with the surplus on, did
well. K. I!. WooDWAUi), M. D.

Somerset, O., April 23, 1890.

Ilei-s Win<cre4l iH Pinf 4'on«lilion

Hees have generally wintered in fine con-
dition; those out-doors, packed in chaff,
shavings, etc., are especially fine. Those
wintered in the cellar, I expected to lose,
as they were very uneasy. My 88 colonies
all wintered, but one is queenless. Bees
cainiot help but boom, this census year.
White clover looks ])romisiug. Honey is all
used up. (iuo. Simtleu.

Mosiertown, Pa., April 22, 1890.

Kee.H ill Wt'itic <7oii<lilioii.

Hees here are in a very weak condition,
as the loss was very heavy in bees, in the
cellar, although the loss in colonies was
only about 5 per cent. The weather has
been warm and very dry thus far, an<l if it
does not rain soon, the outlook will not be
very encoui'aging. The soil was in excel-
lent condition ft)r spring work, and farmers
have seeding mostly finished.

Wm. Enke.

Rochester, Minn., April 23, 1890.

'I'Ik^ l*i-»N|M-<rlH ill FIoi-l«1a.

Til da^• we are about where we were 8
weeks ago - with not as much honey in the
hives, but more bees. The orange trees
were beginning to bloom; the frost then
cut them oK, and killed nearly all the
blooni and buds, as well as much of the
young growth. The second growth is put
(Hit again and is full of bloom, ami we hope
that we will have some orange honey yet,
but it will be mixed with the wihl grape.
Our honey season will be shorter than
usual. The palmetto will soon be in bloom
also, but much of it was killed by the frost,
or so damaged that the bloom will bp later,
niid not so plentiful. The button-ltall was
killed back a great deal, but the second
growth is coming out finely, and will be
very abundant. I think that it lost nearly
all the summer months.

( )ur prospects for a fall flow of honey is
not very lu-oniising, but we aic not dis-
ccniraged in the least, and believe that
along the upper St. Johns river is one of
the best locations in the State, or in almost
any other State. There are only a few
days in the year that bees cannot gather

their supi)ort — there are very few that take
any care of their bees with the care that
they deserve and require for a profit. Suc-
cessful bee-keeping can only be done by
specialists who have no other occupations
that may cause the bees to be neglected a
single day. Strict attention aud skill in
their care with a manipulation of each
colony as to its needs, are the only certain
road to success. To know every colony ■
reiiuires the closest observation, with no
putting off until to morrow.

John Ckavcuaft.
St. Francis, Fla., April 19, 1890.

Wiiit4' C;iov4'r a, Pcrl'ect Mat.

Bees in this county have wintered very
well — mostly on the summer stands. I
think that the loss will not be more than 5
per cent, of all good colonies in the fall ;
the reason is that almost all had good
clover honey in the brood comhs. Kees are
doing nicely now on fruit bloom and
maple buds. I think they are gathering
honey from the aiiple, and if the weather
continues as favorable as it is now, a week
more, or until all of the apple-trees are in
bloom, there will be some swarms. The
weather is fine now, and everything bids
fair for a good lioney year. The white
clover is a perfect mat all over the ground
—it has a good foothold here in Kansas.

Hiuam J. Waud.

Farmington, Kans., April 21, 1890.

4jallierine Pollen and llwney.

I put 42 colonies of bees into the cellar
last fall, and put out 42 this spring, but
one swarmed out, and two were light and
queenless, which 1 put with another weak
one, leaving me now 89. All are carrying
in pollen and honey from willow and pop-
lars. We are having nice spring weather,
wheat is about all sowed, and some people
are making garden. I have 50 acres of
land, 30 of it being heavy timber, with a
good many basswood and box-elder trees,
and hard and soft maple.

Geo. H. Ai'uiNOEK.

Bonuiwell's Mills, Minn., April 23, 1890.

Iiietlins: Keady tor the Season.

We are having splendid weather now —
1 1 days without rain. Pollen is coming in
plentifully, and some honey. Everything
looks like a good season with the bees. We
are getting our apiary into shape, and
expect to have drones ilying from our best
imported colony in 2 or 3 weeks. We shall
run 300 of our nuclei hives with small
section frames; many of the small combs
are filleil with brood in all stages, ready to
be broken up at any time.

Our method of forming nuclei that will
stay wliere they are put, is very sim]ile:
Six of the small hives will just fit on top of
a full colony, aud we can get a few queens
mated there lietoro breakingu]) tiine
comes ; then all we have to do is to lift
them off and start a new lot, by lifting
hatching brood up in small combs from the
brood-combs below, and placing screen-
cloth between; put in 2 combs of honey
and a (|ueen cell, and in a few days they
will Im ready to come off.

In this way, we can get all the working
nuclei we need, without the usual bother
of bees going back. They soiuetimcs swarm
out as soon as they get their liberty, but
the ipieens are held by nectnr, and they
return all right. The next <liiy we put in
n comb of brood, and the (]iu'eii is allowed
to lly and be innted to our select drones
that we shall have in great ipittutities dis-
tributed among the small hives.

E. L. Pn \TT.

Marlboro, Mass., April 21, 1890.

TMB; amERIiCKr* m-BM JO'URlMaiU.

:iO !

^^^.*.^.'

*-^*^*-*--*-^^-*^^

*--*^--* *- -■-

iiijirawL

BUSINESS MANAGER.
CXXZZTXZZZZZTZZZXTXZXZXZZZnZZZZZ]

' Subscribers who do not receive their

papers promptly, should notify us at once.

t^" Money in Potatoes, by Mr, Joseph
Greiuer. Price, 25 cents, postpaid. P'or sale
at this office.

■" Ht^" Send us one i%E%V subscriber, with
$1.00, aud we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

It^" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price *1. 00
per hundred, with name and address printed.

Sample free.

|^° Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.

Jt^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

I®" Please send us the names of your
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them sample copies of the Bee Jouknal.
Then please call upon them aud get them to
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11^" Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
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NAL at $1.85 for the two; or with both our
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for all three papers.

It^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write Amcrwnn Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

|^~ Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For .'jO coloDies (120 pages) $100

" 100 coloDles (220 pages) 1 2.5

•' 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

|^~ When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will olilige us by
commending the Bee Jouknai, to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book,
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

B^" We offer the Monthly Philadelphia
Farm Journal, and either the Ameuican
Bee JouiiMAL or Illusthated Home Jouk-
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Or, we will niive it free for one year to any
one who will send us one neiv sut).scriber for
either of our Journals with $1.00 (the sub-
scription price; .

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

KANSA8(;iTy, April 25.— Market Is cleaned
nil on ooiuh lionov. Wonuotet While 1-ll)S.,
l-ic; 2-llis., mr,. Diirk 1-Uis., 10(ffll2c.; :MhH.,
Jnff/illc. K.xtriK^U'il is very dull sale lit .'ifeTc.
No Ucoswux in the niiukct.

CLEMONS, CI.OON & CO.,

Cm: Itli and Walnut Sis.

ItOSTON, Apiil 111.— Market is stronii: and
well cIciiiKHl up on nil rmicy 1-lbs., al- Ifjc. A
Hniiili (jniinlitv oi 2-ibs. on hand hoIIh at 15c.
K.\traclc(l, HOoiiv.. No Hccswiix on hand. No
oil' grades In iiriv wav can be sold lici'c.

ULAKIil & HIPLBY, 57 Chatham St.

CHICAGO, April H.-Comb honey has sold
w<^ll Inlcly — there is ]>ractically none on the
niarkfl. it being taken soon alter iii'i'ivnt, ii"
in clcsirjihlo shape. ( 'onslgninents that have
hung along all winter have been closed ont at
126'jl.'te. for good, and 14c. for fancy. Ex-
tracted Is (lull at liC/Kc, Beeswax, 27@38c.
K. A. HtlKNE'lT. 161 S. Water St.

MILWAUKEE, April 8.— Demand good, and
supply fair. Weipiolc: White 1-lbs., I'.'ffiiKic.;
very fine, 14c.; mi'dinin, ]l(fjl:.'c, ; dark and
old, 9@il0c. Extrailcd, white, in barrels and
H barrels, 7!4@8c.; in tin and kegs, 7@K i/Jc. :
dark, in barrels and Yi barrels, n@fJ>/2C. Bees-
wax, 23@20c.

A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.

CHICAGO, April 8.-We aiioto: White clo-
ver In active demand, and receipts Hnd ready
sale : 1-lbs., 13((il4c.; 2-lbs., 12(5)12'/2C. Bass-
wood 1-Ibs., 12@i:)o. Buckwheat l-lhs.. 8®
He. Extracted, fi'/jfs'V^c. Beeswax — bright,
25@26c.; dark, 2:i(««4e.

S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, Mo., April 5.— The market is
cleaned \ip. Wequole: l-!bs. white, 12@1 lie. ;
2-11)8. while, inifnll. Dark 1-lbs., 8(fD10c.: dark
2-Ibs,, Mi.:t,-. K.vtraeted, white, fi@0!4o. ; dark,
5c. Dennidii tioinl.

HAMULI N & BEAKSS. 514 Walnut St.

DENVER, April 0. -1-lb. sections, i;)@15c.;
Extract<;d, 7(3i8c. There Is suiHclent comb
honey to supply the market till the new crop
arrives. Beeswa.x, 22@25c.

J. M. CLARK COM. CO., 1517 Blake St.

DETROIT, April 10.— Comb honev Is selling
slowly at 10@i:!c. Extracted, 7@8c. Beeswax,
scarce at 26(^27c.

M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch. Mich.

CINCINNATI, April 9. — Demand good for
choice white comb noncy at 12{Sll5c. : dark Is
very slow sale. Extracted is in good demand
at.5@8c. Stock is low.

Beeswax Is In good demand at 22rt/t25e. for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH & SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

CATARRH.

CATARRHAL DEAFNESS-HAY FEVER.
A New Home Treatment.

Sufferers are not generally aware that
these diseases are c.cjutagious, or that they
are due to the presence of living parasites
in the lining membrane of the nose and
eustachian tubes. Microscopic research,
however, has proved this to be a fact, aud
the result of this discovery is that a simple
remedy has been formulated whereby
catarrh, catarrhal deafness and hay fever
are permanently cured in from one to three
simple applications made at home by the
patient once in two weeks.

N. B. — This treatment is not a snuff or an
ointment; both have been discarded by
reputable physicians as injurious. A
pamphlet explaining this new treatment is
sent free on receipt of stamp to i)ay pos-
tage, by A. H. Dixon & Son, 3.37 and ;^;i9
West King Street, Toronto, Canada.—
Christian Advocate.

Sufferers from Catarrhal troubles should
carefully read the above.
50E2«t Iraly.

<'lni|»iii]in llon«}'«I*l»nl Ne«-<1.—

This plant has been commended by some of
the most experienced bee keepers in
America, as being "a raostvalnuble ai'rpii-
sition to the list of bee-forage plants." The
seed may bo sc'attere<l in waste jilaces, or
it may be sown in drills or hills like onion
seed. We can furnish the seed, iiostpaid,
at the following prices: Single ounce, 40
cents; 4 ounces, $1.00; 10 ounces, $2.00;
or one pound for $3.00.

1^" We always extend the term of re-
newal subscriptions from the date of
expiration on our books. Present sub-
scribers whose time may expire one, two,
thi-ee or six months hence, can safely
renew now, without fear of loss thereby.

^^ducvtisemcnts.

MIIi'lPli'^iT ■•••wclry Hoiihc In America.
tllMI liO I Wril (^ tor Illustrated (Jataloguo
BKKG & ZADI.EK, 1.-.5 State St.. Chicago, 111.
18 Alt

Mention the American Bee Journal.

UflVTPIt Rollablo, energetic Agents. Salary
liillllfilf from start — or commissions for
local men devoting part time. L. P. Thuuston
& Co., Empire Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y.
18A;tt

Mention tlu AmerUan Bee Journal.

Testftd Italian (|iiwiiis ;s."^bc^cs h^^tSc

pound, 75c: also Nn<:lci and UnteHt<Mi Queens.
See American Bee .lournal slnc(^ March 15th.
lOAtf LUTHER W. OKAY, Ohi.ani.o, Fla.

WHEN AnSWERINQ THIS AOVEHTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAL.

WUII PyTITl' lAVE STOCK. AND MER-
llliilli LiMillli CHANDISE, bought, sold,
rented and exchanged, in all the States and
Territories. Send stamp for List and terms to
the National Exohang'e, Orrvllle, Ohio.
17A:!t-5M:it

WHEN ANSWEniNO THIS ADVEnTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOUDNAL.

TliA IN<inli<AL<< ^-handed. Golden ITALI
UK' nllgllllM Jiees and Queens, and
Reodest drones. Very gentle; very]

')-handed. Golden ITALIAN
the
. pro-
liflc; good honev-g!ith<M'ers— working oti red
clover— and the MOST |>m,„<;r„l IIEES In ex-
istence! Took Flrxt n'jilUlilllll ■•rciiiliiiii
at Michigan State I'air in 1K80, Sample of
Bees, 5 cts. Untested Queens, before Juno 15,
»1.25; after Juno 15, H.OO, Tested CI bands),
»2,00; Selected, tested (4 bands) *:i,00: Itroed-
ing (Queens (4 to 5 bands), $5.00. Virgin
(Jfucens, 50 cts. ; 5 for $2.00. Safe arrival and
satisfaction guaninteed.

JA<;OH T. TIITIPE,
1 8E8t tirand Ledge, Micli.

Mention Ihi American Bee Journal.

WHERE DOJOU LIVE?

IF YOU will let nic know I will send yon my
Circular lor IHOO which will tell you all
about the Hive we arc selling for 55c; and If
yon want 25, can let you have tlujin for 49c.
Also 100 Brood-Frumes tor«1.00.

Win. H. BKIGHT,
15A4t MA/KPI'A, MINN.

BEESWAX WANTED.

Keewwax.— We will pay 'iS centH per

pound, in Cash, for Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
ered here.

I^r To avoid mistakes, the name of the
shipper should always be on each package.

TH08. ti. NEWmAN & HON,

246 East Madlion Street, CHIOAQO. IliLt)

802

T-H® si^MMicsM mmm joi^mmmiu.

^^.^■A.^-*.^A.^-*..^^-^-*.-^*-^Aj^-*.-^-*.-^*^A.^*..^-*.-^-^|f>.AAA^*.*fcA^A^A^A.^.*.^A

Cai'iiiolau Bees!

Pleasaiitest Bees lu the World.
Hardiest to Winter.

Best Houey-Gatlierers.

lu order to introduco not only the bees hut
our paper,

"THE ADVANCE,"

We offer to any one who will senrl us $1.25, a
copy of our paper and a nice Carniolan Quoeu.
The" Queen alone is worth $2.00. Address,

"THK ADVANCE," i?IeclianlcFalls,Me.

16Etf
Mention the American Bee Journal.

1890 ITALIAN PE^S 1890

SIX young- Queens, warranted purely-mated
for $5.00. English Rabbits, $1.00 per pair.
Mammoth Bronze Turljey Eggs, 25c.; 9 for
$2.00. Write for Circular.
14Etf J. T. WILSON, Little Hickman, Ky.

WHEN ANSWEfiING THIS ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAL.

My 22ntl Annual Price-list lU'i};iT!^Si&.

Queens and Nuclei Colonies (a specialty): also Sup-
plies—will be sent to all who send their names and
addresses. H. H. BROWN,

l4E4t 23C2t Liglit Street, Columbia Co. Pa.

Mention the Aynerican Bee Journal. •

umf

Keepers'

R SO-eent monthly that gives
the efeam of apieultupal litepatune;
poirits out ept^ops and fallacious
ideas; and gives, eaeh month, the
vietus of leading bee-keepeps upon
some special topie. Thpee samples
fpee. Send fop them, and leapn hotu
to get the back numbeps eheaply.

W. Z. HUTCHINSOfl, Flint, IWieh.

lOBtf

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Hpi TTIRAME, North JIanchester, Ind
• vX. X; breeder of Italian and Car-
nlolait QiieeiiM. Bees by the pound and
Nucleus. Price-List free. Kef erence— First
National Bank. lOEtf

Mention the American Bee Journal.

SOMETHING NEW,

Our 1890 16-page Circular of Bee-Keepera" Supplies.
Send name on a Postal Card. Address,
6Btf JNO. NEBEL & SON. Higli Hill, Mo.

MentUm Vie American Bee Journal,

RFF-suppLiES."sr

tm b b We furnish Everything needed
in the Apiary, of practical con-
structioD, and at the lowest price. Satisfac-
tion guaranteed. Send for our 40-page illus-
trated Catalogue— free to all. Address,

E. Krietclinicr, Red Oak, Iowa.

5A9t— 14Ent

WHEN ANSWERING THIS ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAu

BEE-KEEPEBS' SUFFliIES !

WE are prepared to furnish bee-keepers
with Supplies promptly, and at greatly
reduced rates. Estimates gladly furnished,
and I'oircspunilence solicited. Our goods are
unc.\ii-llc'] in 'iiiitlity and workmanship.

Italian (fciiecuf. and Bees at a very low
price. Send for large illustrated Price-List,
free. At.IjEv's Queen and Drone-Trap and
SwARM-HivER always on hand.

A. F. STAUFFEB & CO.,

40Etf STERLING, Whiteside Co., ILL.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

CHOICE PANSY PLANTSiP^^tSSii^S

plants ot each ot the loUowing 13 kinas or
choicest pansies: King of the Blacks, almost
coal bUck. Sno-w Qneen» flowers of a delicate pure satiny white. Emperor William, splendid ultramarina
blue, with purple violet eye. Res, deep velvaly purple. Azure Bine, very line. Pure Yellow, large golden
tiower^i. Kose Marhled, very beantiful. Delicate Porcelain Blue, white centre. Mahogany-colored, very
fine. Striptd and Mottled, exceedingly beautiful. White Treasure, a perfect gem. Gold Margined, strik-
ingly handsome. If you want thehandsomest Pansy bed you ever had, send for this collection. Plants will
be ready May 1st and I will send to any post-office in the United States or Canada for $1.25, postpaid. All
orders promptly acknowledged aad notica given you when plants are mailed. Beautiful catalogue of choice
vegetable and flower seeds and other plant and seed collecllonB, &c., free. Send for it. Addi*ees, F- B.
. lILLti. Seedamaa and Florist, Tborn mil, Onondaga Co., N. T.

aM4t-:>(-'-it

A NEW DISCOVERY !

THE Common-Sense Honev Extr.\otor is
strictly scientific, powerful, durable, handy,
clean and rapid, and differs from all others,
and is cheaper than the cheapest at slaughter
prices. CiRCUL.iRS Free.

BEV. A. B. SEAmAN,

NEW CUMBERLAND, Hancock Co.. W. VA
16E2t

WHEN ANSWEBING this ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAL.

£//Si/iAV£Ji0 TOOLS &jSUPPUE^^

The old prices on Bee-Hives, and new
131 ones found. Send for Circular— free.
14Etf li. J. TBIPP, Kalamazoo, inicli.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

CARNIULAIN bred the "coming sea-
son from Imported Mothers, will be read.v
to send out the Istof Jtine. Send for
FREE Circular, to JOHN ANDREWS, Pattens
Mills. Wash. Co., N. Y. lOEtf

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Barnes' Foot-Power Machinery.

Read what J. I. PAUENT,of
CHAHLTON.N.Y..say8— "We
cut with one of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter
50 chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
KO honey-racks, 5ik_i broad
frames, 2.ono honey-boxes
and a great deal of other
work. This winter we have
double the amount of bee-
hives, etc., to make and we
expect todo itwiththiaSaw.
It will do all you say itwill."
Catalogue and Price - Jjist

Free. Address, W . F. & JOHN BARNES.
45Ctf No. 196 Ruby St.. Rocbtord. ill.

Mention the American Bee Journal

Western BEE-KEEPERS' Supply Factory.

We iiin[iufaci.ur<j Bee- Keepers' cu^
plies or all kinds, best tjualiti/ at
lowest prices. Hives, Sections,
Fouadatieu, Extractors, Smokers,
Crates, Veils, Feeders, Clover
Seeds, Buckwheat, etc. Im-
parled Italian Queens.
Queens and Bees. Sample
Cupv of our Bee Journal,
"The WcBtern Bee-Keeper,**
and lateftt Cutftlocue mailed
Free to Bee-Kp'Tors. Address
JOSEPH NTeEWANDEB,
U£S MOINES. IOWA*

PATENTS !

PATENTS, Caveats, and Trade-Marks pro-
cured. Rejected Applications Revived and
Prosecuted. All business before the U. S.
Patent Oflico promptly attended to for motl-
erate fees, and no chartre made unless Parent
is secured. Send for "INVENTOR'S GUIDE."
FBANKlillV H. HOUGH,
31Ctf WASHINGTON, D. C.

THAT HUNDRED -DOLLAR QDEEN!

ONE DOL.I.AB will purchase a Daughter
of this wonderful Queen. Descriptive
Circular free. Address.
AMERICAN APICULTURIST.Wenham, Mass.

18C3t

Choice Italian Queens HnteIJ?! "ilrool

strong- .3-rrame Nucleus, with Tested Queen,
in May, $4.00— in June. $3.00.

Misses S. & M. B.msxes. Piketon, Ohio.
18A.-)t

Mention the American Bee Journal.

J. FORNCROOK & CO.,

MANUPACTITRERS OP THE

"BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTIONS,

l=a^a^3III]

WILL furnish you, the coming season. ONK
PIECE SECTIONS, sand-papered on both sides
—as cheap as the cheapest, and better than the best.
WKT Write for prices.
Watertown, Wis.. Jan. 1. 1890. iCly

HEAD-QUARTERSINTHE SOUTH.

F.ICTORY or

BEE HIVES, &C.

Early Nuclei iV ItiiUau Queens.

|y Tenth annual Catalogue now ready.
lOtf PAUI. li. VIAX.I.ON, Bayou Qoula. La.

JAPANESE BUCKWHEAT, 7.5 ct.=. per
bushel; 15 cts. for bag. No. 1 Sections,
$3.00 per 1,000. Comb Foundation very cheap.
Send for Price-List of 1890. free.

W. D. SOPEE, Box 1473, Jackson, Mich.
9C5t

Mention the American Bee Journal.

$1.50 Double
Walled Hive.

I

MAKE my im-
proved Space
with the downward-
extending arms near-
ly as long as the end
bars of the frames;
and with suitable di-
vision-boards in placpcf tbeoutsidecombs: a hive is
converted nito a double-walled hive, with the spaces
at the ends of the frames closed, which is ajjreat aid
to a weak colony in building up in the spring, if the
hive is well-packed (in top of the frames. Price of
Brodd-Chamber and h Frames. fi.5n; one Hive and
one dcz. extra Spacer.'i, J4.mi. Spacers, long or short
arm. *ii0.no per KW. These prices are for Frames %-
inch wide. When ordering give the width of your
hive inside. J. B. WILCOX, Manistee, Mich.

15Atf

WHEN Answering this Advertisement, Mention this Journal.

I Italian BeoN and Queens,

^JillJli • in suiuU aud larg^e lots, at a
VERY LOW PRICE. Addrcss, Otto Kleinow,
No. 150 Military Ave., Detroit, Mich. 12Etf

Mention the American BeeJoumaL

•wmm mimmmiGmm wem j&jummmi,.

307

kA^A«>AJ

^*-^*-^*-'

^^■^■^*— -— ■'■^'^■^^^^

TOOS.'cfNfwiAN fo SON,

'' OHICAGO.JMLX.. '

XHOJ91AS O. I^lG^VlVtAN,

BDZTOB.

Vol. IIVI. May 10, 1890, No. 19,

May ! most beautiful month of May !

Bright with sunshine or dripping in showers ;
With flying feet you pass away,

But your gifts outnumber by far your hours.

IJ^" T^e Detroit International Pair and
Exposition will be held at Detroit from
Aug. 26 to Sept. 5, 1890, and will use the
premium list adopted bj' the Michigan
State Bee-Keepers' Associatiou. The man-
agers are to be congratulated upon securing
friend H. D, Cutting to act as Superin-
tendent of the Bee and Honey Department.
He may be depended upon to make it pleas-
ant tor exhibitors.

The managers of the Exposition are
making preparations for a monster exhibit,
and the bee-keepers must not be behind.
Their exhibit should be the finest ever made
at any Fair.

Pomolofjy.— The United States De-
partment of Agriculture is preparing, un-
der the supervision of the Chief of the
Pomological Division, to issue a very full
report on the many varieties of fruits
grown in this country. This report wUl
consist largely of the actual experience of
practical fruit-growers in all sections of the
country, and in order that it may be as
comprehensive as possible, the Pomologist,
Mr. \'an Deman, will be obliged to all
practical fruit-gi-owers willing to contribute
their experience and reply to the circular
of interrogatories which he has prepared
for the purpose, who will send him their
name and post-office on a postal card —
address H. E. Van Deman, Pomologist, U.
S. Department of Agriculture, Washington,
D. C. All those who assist in the work of
this report in the manner indicated, will
receive a copy when published.

Xlie Coliiniltisin Fair will be held
in Chicago, in 189;i. The Fair Bill hiiving
passed both houses of Congress, and receiv-
ing President Harrison's signature, it thus
becomes a law. A great Naval Display will
be given in New York harbor just before
the Pair projier opeus in Chicago. That
will serve as a signal to the whole world,
that the grandest exposition of this or any
previous century invites all nations to
visit Chicago, and behold the wonderful
progress of civilization, as shown in the
finest display of products and manufac-
tures ever brought together in one exhibi-
tion. Chicago, as well as America, has an
opportunity to cause honor and glory to
be reflected upon her people, which she will
not be slow in embracing.

Let the bee-industry also measure up to
the opportunities of the time and place ;
thus will its devotees share in the resulting
honors and benefits.

This will give Dr. A. B. Mason, on behalf
of the bee-keepers of the United States, and
Mr. R. McKnight, as the representative of
Canadian apiarists, a splendid chance to
display their abilities in providing for
magnificent exhibits of apiarian products
and supplies.

Xlie Ri£;iits of Hees to exist and
gather honey, and of the pursuit to a place
among commercial products, notwithstand-
ing the prejudice of the ignorant, are thus
stated in the Rhode Island Experiment
Station Bulletin No 4, under the heading of
"Bee-Keeping :"

We believe and have endeavored to show
that bee-keeping is of sufficient importance
to deserve the encouragement and protec-
tion of the State. That bees are of great
service to growers of various crops, as well
as profitable to their keepers for their
honey and was. That honey-bees do not
injure sound fruit, and that the damage
done to unsound fruit must be compara-
tively light. That to prohibit bee-keeping
is unconstitutional, and that no one need
refrain from keeping them on account of
opposition due to ignorance, fear, jealousy,
or the ill-will of their neighbors (though all
reasonable precaution should be taken to
prevent annoyance or accident). That this
prejudice against bees is sure to give way
to public opinion in their favor. That a
widespread knowledge of bee keeping
would increase the products of the State.

Xlie Plowei- Fesist, or Combat of
Flowers, was celebrated in the city of
Mexico, on April 37, 1S90. Fully 100,000
people were on the promenade of La
Reforma and the Avenue Juarez. Besides
about 500 unadorned carriages containing
sight-seers, there were over 40 decorated
with flowers and ribbons, and fully 1,000
horsemen. The quantity of flowers must
have been enormous, as 4 carloads came
from Julapa, alone. What a Paradise for
bees !

It^" J. & E. Pockat, of Marion, Wis.,
have issued a 4-page Catalogue of Bee-
Keepers' Supplies.

<jSr:ii'liii(^ iiiid <«i-si<'liii;:«Wi>ik:. —

As this is the season for grafting, and as
many of our readers are also growers of
fruits, we give the following directions for
doing the woi'k of grafting apple-trees, and
also a recipe for making and using the wax
employed. The importance of selecting the
best varieties of fruit in gi'afting, should
not be overlooked, as well as to see that the
work itself is properly done. These para-
graphs are taken from one of our agricul-
tural exchanges ;

The implements needed for gi'afting
apple-trees are : A small saw, for cutting
off the branches for grafting; a good,
strong knife with a thick back to make
clefts in the stock ; a small knife, kept very
sharp, with which to prepare tlie cions; a
grafting-wedge and chisel, and a mallet.
The grafting should be done as soon as all
danger of severe frosts is past, and the buds
show signs of swelling on the trees to be
grafted. The wood to be used for cions
should be cut before the buds swell, and be
stored in damp sawdust or moss in a cellar.

There are many compositions used as a
grafting-wax, but we have found none
better than one made of the following :
Four parts of common rosin, two parts of
beeswax, and one part of common tallow
melted together, and when cool, worked up
into convenient rolls. If it is to be used in
cool weather, add a little more tallow.
Some of this wax may be spread when
warm on cloth, and this cut into strips for
wrapping around large stocks.

Prof, N. W. McLain, Du-ector of the
Agricultural Experiment Station of the
University of Minnesota, at St. Anthony
Park, gave us a call last week. The Pro-
fessor has had a three-months attack of
La Orip2}e, which has left on him a visible
manifestation of its strength. Like many
others, he cannot " shake " the monster off.
The Professor's management of the Agri-
cultural College seems to have met the
expectation of the Board of Managers, and
the Work of the Station is being greatly
extended and enlarged. The Professor is a
good manager, and will doubtless become
very popular at the College.

Jty M. A. Williams, of Berkshire, N. Y.,
has issued a 12 -page Catalogue of Bee-
Keepers' Supplies, with calendar attached
to hang on the wall. It is unique, but very
late — 4 months of the calendar having
already expired. Mr. Williams also buys
honey in its season.

XUe Bee-Qiiestion^— " To bee or not

to bee "—is discussed quite forcibly in the
following conversation, which shows the
advantage to be derived from keeping on
right side, or end, of anything — even
though it is only a bee :

Breslow — Say, Cummings, don't you
want to buy a hive of bees i

Cummings— Not I. Tried 'em a year,and
was stung just 647 times.

Breslow — They must have been cross.
You didn't get on the right side of 'em.

Cummings — Great Scott ! I did, too. I
was extra careful about that, but I always
seemed to strike the wrong end.

308

•THB mimmmi€-mn mmm j©WMifsiLr.

t^mhrn^m*

Xhe \%'iley l^ie Altoiit Honey.

In the Pojndar Science Monthly for May,
we find a very interesting article from
Allen Priugle, o£ Selby, Ont., replying to
the celebrated Wiley lie in the very periodi-
cal which first gave that monstrous false-
hood to the World. Millions of copies of
the Wiley fabrication have been made by
other periodicals— every one of which
should now be glad to publish the refutation
— that is, if they desire to be honest !

On account of the interest which bee-
keepers have in the thorough contradiction
of that diabolical deception of Wiley, given
in tlie Popular Science Monthly 9 years
ago, we will copy Mr. Pringle's article in
its entirety. Here it is :

Artificial Honey & Manufactureil Science,

By ALLEN PRINGLE,
President of the Ontarw Bee-Keepers' Association.

We are told that this is a scientific age,
and the statement is undoubtedly true. The
world now more than ever before looks to
science as a secular if not a spiritual guide.
However much their speculations may be
questioned and controverted, the scientific
book and the scientific man are popularly
accepted as authority, at least on matters
of physical and historical fact. The veracity
of science, therefore, is, or ought to be.
above suspicion.

How careful, then, ought the teacher and
exponent of science to be that his asser-
tions are true; that his alleged facts are
facts; and that even his speculations are
free from the appearance of dogmatism !
He needs to be especially particular when
writing tor the general public, for people
untrained in science will accept his state-
ments as expert testimony. Errors will
thus be sure to mislead his readers, many
of whom are without the knowledge that
would enable them to discriminate between
the true and the false in his assertions.

In the Popular Science Monthly for
June, 1881, appeared an article on
" Glucose and Grape Sugar," by Prof. H.
W. Wiley. In that article the following
unfortunate statement was made; "In
commercial honey, which is entirely free
from bee-mediation, the comb is made of
paraftine, and filled with pure glucose by
appropriate machinery." To say that there
was not one word of truth in that extraor-
dinai-y assertion is the short and proper
way to put it, and that is exactly what I
untlertake to say. There was not a tittle
of evidence that any such honey had ever
been made, up to that time, nor is there a
particle of evidence that any such honey
has since been made.

Nevertheless, this vile slander on an hon-
est and honorable industry has done incal-
culable injury to bee culture in America,
if not throughout the world. A lie is said
to travel half round the world while tbo
truth is getting ready to start, and this one
proved no exception. Though contradicted
and refuted over and over again, it still
lives and is still going. Newspapers still
keep iterating and reiterating Prof. Wiley's
slander, but they seldom publish a correc-
tion.

Thousands of people, common and un-
common, still believe that scientific yarn
that comb honey is manufactured through-

out without "bee mediation," and why
should they not i The former believe it
because the newspapers say so, and the
latter because the magazines and enc5'clo-
psedias say so ; for it is a fact that this
itinerant fiction has actually found a place
in the American Cyclopiedia, and the
American Supplement to the Encyclopedia
Britannica. In Justice to the latter, how-
ever, it must be said that the British work,
whose publishers repudiate the American
Supplement, contains nothing of this.

Here is what the American Cyclopaedia
says on the subject: " Glucose is very ex-
tensively fed to bees, which eat it with
great avidity, and store it away unchanged
as honey. It is also put up directly in
trade as honey — with which bees have had
nothing to do- being put by means of
appropriate machinery into artificial
combs made of paraSine" (page 834, Vol.
VIII, edition of 1883).

The American Supplement to the Ency-
clopaedia Britannica has this information
on the subject : " Honey is manufactured
on the same plan, only here the bees are
employed to assist in the fraud. They are
furnished with a supply of starch sugar,
which they store in their combs, when
these combs are also fraudulent, being
made from parafiine and furnished to the
bees, who fill them with glucose and cai*
them with genuine wax. It is difficult to
see how the art of adulteration could be
carried further" (page 41, Vol. I, Hubbard
Brothers, Philadelphia and New York,
1885).

Argument and refutation failing to kill
the falsehood, the editor of Olenningf: in
Bee-Cultnre — a responsible man financially
— offered a reward of $1,000 to any one
(including Prof. Wiley) who would produce
some of the so-called " mauufactured "
honey, or designate the place where it was
made or could be found. This offer is still
open and good. The writer of this article
also offered through the press a reward of
100 colonies of bees (equal to about $1,000)
to any one who would produce some of this
" artificial honey. " This offer also is still
open and good. None, however, has ever
been produced. No one has yet come for-
ward to claim the cash or the bees.

Prof. Wiley had supplemented the asser-
tion above quoted with the following addi-
tional information, probably to encourage
the manufacturers: "This honey" (that
is, the manufactured article) "for white-
ness and beauty rivals the celebrated real
white-clover honey of Vermont, but can be
sold at an immense profit at one-half the
price." Now, had that business of honey-
manufacture been as practical as profitable,
the temptation to eml)ark in it would have
been almost too much for human nature to
resist. But it seems nobody went in, while
nearly everybody believed that other
bodies were in.

However, Nature's dearth is likely to
produce conviction where facts, arguments,
and rewards failed to do so. The seasons
of 1887 and 1888, especially the latter,
were unpropitious for the " little busy bee,"
and yielded but little honey. The crop was
a general failure, not only in America but
in Europe. The modicum of honey pro-
duced, especially of comb honey, was soon
exhausted, and the dealers as well as con-
sumers. North, South, East and West,
were crying out for honey.

The producers were inundated with
letters and orders which they could not fill.
Now, here was the grand opportunity for
the manufacturers of " artificial honey." If
the article could lie sold "at an immense
profit at half the price " of the genuine
article, as Prof. Wiley assures us, these
bogus manufacturers could have coined
money — there were " millions in it " appar-
ently. But they failed to appear. The

glucose was available, the paraffine ditto,
and the " appropriate machinery " ought,
in the interval under the law of progress,
to have become still more "appropriate"
and perfect in its work ; but, strange to say,
the famine of honey continued.

The tempting prices were offered in vain.
Not a pound of the stuff ever "material-
ized," so far as anybody could find out.
Nor was this gap in the extracted honey
caused by the drouth, filled by any artificial
substitute, which also goes to prove that
the prevalent notion that honey is exten-
sively adulterated has very little founda-
tion in fact. Considering the compara-
tively low market prices of honey the past
few years, and the facility with which the
genuine article can be produced in modern
scientific bee-culture, adulteration would
hardly pay for the trouble.

That there is but very little adulteration,
either of comb or extracted honey, may
be safely asserted. The prevalent popular
lielief to the contrary may be accounted for
in two ways — by the prevalent ignorance
of the character, and what I might call
" the habits of honey," and by the erro-
neous teachings and misleading reports of
the authorities under review

While it may be said, in general terms,
that honey chemically consists of sugar and
water, in the proportion usually of about 75
per cent, of the former to 25 of the latter,
these elements vary so much in their pro-
portions in different grades of honey, gath-
ered from so many different fiowers at
different seapons of the year, that there is
no sure test, chemical or other, of honey.

Even the polariscope, but recently con-
sidered a certain test of its purity, and still
so considered by some analysts, is found to
be uncertain and unreliable. While gen-
erally in pure honej' the ray of light is
turned to the left, some samples, equally
pure, though perhaps stored rapidly and
capped prematurely, may contain so much
cane sugar tbat the ray is turned to the
right. Hence the mistakes of chemists,
relying upon the integrity of the polari-
scope, in passing upon the purity and im-
purity of honey. They have pronounced
samples adulterated which were known to
be the pure products of the flowers gath-
ered by the bees.

Every apiarian specialist knows that dur-
ing the course of one good honey season,
beginning with the early spring bloom of
willow, maple, fruit, etc., and ending with
the fall bloom of golden-rod, buckwheat,
etc., he can get nearly a dozen different
grades or kinds of honey — in color from the
very light, almost transparent linden, to
the turgid and black buckwheat, and in
flavor from the mild and delicious sweet to
that which is strong, rank, and quite un-
palatable to some tastes. Let a person
with no special knowledge of honey be
presented with the former for his sight and
palate, and then with the latter, and, ten
to one, he will declare that the one sample
is not honey at all, but a vile imitation.

Then, again, good, pure honey, through
mismanagement, may become so deterior-
ated in quality and altered in taste as to
at once provoke suspicion of adulteration.

Onmiilation was also regarded as a sure
test of the purity of honey, but it is not so,
as some pure grades, containing only the
non-crystallized sugar, will not granulate ;
while other samples mixed with glucose
will granulate. The light-colored and best
grades of honey will be finegrained in
granulation, while other grades will be
coarse-grained, and present the appear-
ance of sugar for certain to the uninitiated.

When an honest man falls into an error,
he is always willing to correct it as soon as
it is pointed out to him and proved to be
such. Prof. Wiley was expected to do that
much at least toward repairing the injury

T'Ml^' MimMMlCm.'H MMM JQ'lXf^If^KlL.

309

he had wittingly, or unwittingly, done the
whole fraternity of bee keepers. But Prof.
Wiley failed to do so, so far as the public
knows. He neglected — I may safely say
refused— to make the (nnrnilc Jionnrablc.
The apiarists became incensed, indignant,
and demanded proof of his assertion or a
retractiou. The Professor of science vouch-
safed neither the one nor the other.

Finally, after years had elapsed, being
still hotly pursued by the apiarists and
bee-periodicals, especially the Ameuic.\n
Bee Journal, Prof. Wilej' did manage to
makeau explanation or "statement;" which,
however, in no way improved his position
before the public either as an honorable
man or a professor of science. About 7
years after uttering the slander to the
world, he speaks, and makes this astound-
ing admission:

" At the time, I repeated this stanement
more in the light of a pleasantry than as a
commercial reality, for I did not believe
that it was possible commercially to imitate
the comb." (Letter dated Washington, D.
C, May 29, 1888, addressed to W. M.
Evans, and published in the American Bee
JovKN-AL of June 13, 1888.)

In this attempted justification of himself.
Prof. Wiley says that he had heard from a
friend of his (now deceased), that comb
honey was manufactured in Boston as
stated above. On the strength of that, and
alone, he made the deliberate assertion
which I have quoteed from the Popular
Science Monthly.

Now, after reading and re-reading the
context in the Popular tjrlcnev Monthly
article, I find not a shadow of evidence llhat
this statement was meant for a fiction and
not for a fact. It is given seriously and
deliberately, along with other alleged
scientific facts, with no intimation or indi-
cation whatever of its spurious character.

The readers (and no doubt the publish-
ers) of the Popular Science Monthly ac-
cepted the statement in good faith as a
fact. The newspapers, of course, accepted
it as true from so respectable an authority
as the Popular Science Monthly, and even
the eneyclopsedias finally took it in. In-
deed, nobody, it seems, took it as a ficti-
tious "pleasantry," or even dreamed it
was meant for one, till the exgencies of the
case required such a construction (or mis-
construction) from the author himself.

If it really was meant as a harmless
scientific squib, with no malice prepense,
the question arises, How is it that the Pro-
fessor neglected to set the matter right
when he found that everj-body was taking
his ,ioke seriously, to the great detriment
of an important industry, and the calumni-
ous aspersion of honest honey-producers?

THE WORKEK-BEE THEORT.

Another example of spurious science is
now before me. The Medical Sta)idardior
June, 1S89, contains a leading article on
Kmbryology, by a learned New York doc-
tor, in which we are gravely informed that a
" worker-bee is a highly organized creature,
with a well-developed brain, wonderful
sense-organs, intricate muscular apparatus,
and yet it is an oflispring of an unimpreg-
nated queen-bee."

Now, this is all well put and quite true,
excej-tt the last clause, which is ,1ust the
opposite of the truth. Any apiarian
specialist could have told the doctor that
while it is true that the virgin queen-bee
lays eggs which produce drones or males,
she never deposits eggs which produce
females — that is, workers and queens —
until after she is impregnated by the
drone. Hence, the worker-bee is not " an
offspring of an unimpregnated queen-bee."

While it would be obviously unfair and
unreasonable to hold the Monthly morally
responsible for the specimen of wily science

and its results to which this article refers,
it is, perhaps, not entirely free from blame
in allowing the matter to rest uncorrected
so long. I take the liberty of here suggest-
ing to publishers of encyclopedias and
scientific works, the wisdom of first sub-
mitting doubtful points and dubious asser-
tions, made by meu outside their sjjecial
departments, to practical men in such
departments, whether the latter be learned
or unlearned, for the knowledge of an
unlearned man touching his own particular
line of business (even the science of it) may
exceed that of the scientist both in accuracy
and extent. Such a course would often
save the specialist from humiliation, and
spare the pulic the infliction of some very
queer science, which, not infrequently, fails
to dovetail with everyday facts.

In a letter from Mr. Allen Pringle, just
received, he comments upon the above
article and its publication in the Popular
Science Monthly as follows :

The article came into existence in this
way: About 8 j'ears ago Prof. Wiley con-
tributed an article to the Monthly on
" Glucose and Grape Sugar," in which he
slandered every bee-keeper in the world.
A few months ago I was invited by the
editor of the Popular Science Monthly to
contribute an article to its pages dealing
with Prof. Wiley's misrepresentations, he
(the editor) having but recently become
aware that Prof. Wiley's article had done
injury to American bee-culture, and being
willing and anxious, as soon as so enlight-
ened, that the error should be exposed and
refuted through the same medium of its
original promulgation.

This was highly creditable and honorable
on the part of the Monthly, and stands in
unpleasant contrast with the conduct of
the author of the mischief when his error
and its baneful effects were pointed out to
him and urged upon him time and again.

Of course I responded to this appeal on
the first opportunity ; but, as is the case with
most magazines of this class, pressure of
matter delayed the appearance of this
article for a few months. But it is now
published, and it remains to be seen
whether Prof. Wiley will still make the
amende honorable, so far as hecan, through
the same medium. Allen Pkingle.

Selby, Out., April 36, 1890.

Replies.

Swarms Dceampiiig After Being
Hived.

Written for the American Dee Journal

QuEKV 706. — Are new swarms that are
hived on the old stand, more liable to
decamp than if placed in a new location?
The only swarm that I ever placed on the
old stand, left the next day. — New York.

No, sir. — J. P. H. Brown.

I think so. — Eugene Secor.

An experience of 18 years says, "No." —
Ct. M. Doolittle.

I do not think that it makes any differ-
ence.— A. J. Cook.

No, I do not think that has anything to
do with it. — H. D. Cutting.

I sometimes think that they are, but I do
not know. — R. L. Taylor.

I do not know as they are. I always hive
swarms that way, and never had one leave.
—A. B. Mason.

I think not; but I have not tried it often
enough to give a positive answer.— Mrs. L.
Harrison.

I believe that they have a little aversion
to the old stand, though I am not sure.— J.
M. Hambaugu.

No. I have never had one to come out
after being so hived. My bees never
swarm out after being hived. — M. Ma his.

We have never seen a swarm leave the
old stand, but we presume they may, if
they have an unfertilized queen. — Dadant
& Son.

No. I have hived all swarms on the old
stands, and very seldom lost any. Years
ago, when I placed the swarms on new
stands, I lost lots of them. — C. H. Dibbern.

I do not think that it will make any dif-
ference; at least, 1 have not found that it
did in my own exjierience. Decamping is
the exception to the rule, and does not
seem to be governed by any rule whatever.
—J. E. Pond.

I do not know that there is any ; I should
think there might be less danger if put in an
entirely new place, where the scouts could
not find them.— C. C. Miller.

No; your swarm left from some other
reason. I have practiced this system a
gi'eat deal, and do not recollect of ever
having a swarm decamp, when properly
hived in this manner. — Will M. Barnu.m.

No. Why should you thinks so, when
you never tried but one* "One swallow
does not make a summer," nor one experi-
ment, and, many times, half a dozen on
some points tell nothing definite. — James
Hbhdon.

I have hived a great many swarms on
the old stand, and never had one decamp ;
but I have had swarms attempt to decamp,
that were placed ui^on a new stand in the
hot sun. Excessive heat in the hive seems
to be the principal cause of absconding
swarms after hiving. — G. L. Tinker.

I think not ; in fact, I think not half as
likely to. I have hived all my swarms on
the " old stand " for several years, and not
one swarm has deserted. There is once in
awhile — perhaps once in ten years — a sea-
son that produces chronic decampation.
There is a cause for such a state of things,
or rather causes, but I cannot discuss them
here for want of space. It is enough to
say that scarcity of pollen may induce bees
to decamp for other quarters, and the dis-
turbed state of two or more queens with
the swarm will break them up in many
cases. The latter is the most fruitful cause
of desertion.— G. W. Demaree.

We do not think that it makes any differ-
ence ; superstition would be the only ex-
cuse for thinking that there was any differ-
ence.— TnE Editor.

Propolis or Bee-GIne on Hauds.

— In manipulating the frames, the hands of
the operator become quite sticky and
gummy, and to remove this disagreeable
matter readily is very desirable. Soapine
is highly recommended for this purpose. It
is a preparation of sal-soda and dried soap,
and can be secured at nearly all grocery-
stores at 5 cents per package, which will
last along time, if kept dry. It is used thus:
Take some warm soft water, and after
wetting the hands, rub on a little soap, then
pour a little of the powder into the palm of
the hands and work them well together ;
this will soften the hard lumps of propolis,
and will dissolve the thinner portions,
which are then easily rinsed off.

310

Ttmm m^mmmi^mm mmm j@'&mmmi^.

SWARMING.

Bees Seleelin;; a Home Before
Lieaviiig llic Hive.

Written for the A.rnerlcan Bee Journal

BY G. M. DOOLITTLE.

Some seem to think that bees never
select a liome before they leave the
parent hive, but I think that I have
abuudaiit proof to shove that they do.
Years ago, when my father was keep-
ing bees, we had a swarm come out
one day, and, without stopping to
cluster at all, it struck a "bee-line"
for a tree in a piece of woods about a
mile distant.

Ai'ouud this tree, bees had been seen
at work by parties hoeing corn, as it
was on the edge of a piece of woods;
the bees going in and out of the hole
(which was the entrance for the run-
away swarm) in sucli numbers that
the workmen tliought that it was a
" bee-tree " at tirst ; but as the bees
worked there only from ten to three
o'clock, they thought that honey, or
something else was stored there, which
the bees were getting ; but it transpired
that these bees were those from our
hive, which had selected this tree for
their future home, and so went straight
to it without clustering.

Once more : When I first com-
menced to keep bees, there were none
but black bees in this section ; but 2
years later an Italian queen was pur-
chased by a bee-keeping friend, living
about 4 miles distant. As I was anx-
ious to learn all I could about the
bees, I was a frequent visitor at this
man's house, and as the Italian queen
was purchased in August, I thought
that I would wait a year before I pro-
cured tlie Italians, to see how they
worked thi'ough one houey-season, as
our honej-harvest is over before
August.

The next year, in June, I was at this
friend's Iiouse one day, when he said
that he hail something curious whicli
he wanted to tell me. It was this :
About one-half mile from his house
was an apiary of black bees which he
worked on shares, and while at work
there, the day before, he saw Italian
bees going in and out of a hive that
was empty, and standing on a bench
at one side of the yard. He thought
that this was verj- curious, and so
taking a seat near the hive, he watched
them very closely, and found that the
bees went in empty, but when they
came out they had little bits of dirt in
their mouths, and, by listening at tlie
side of the hive, he could hear a scrap-

ing on the inside; said he to himself; " If
I am not greatlj* mistaken, a swarm of
bees from my yard intends to occupy
that hive, and if they do so, I shall
know it." Accordingly, he kept a horse
bridled in the barn close by, each day
between the hours of 9 a.m. and 3
p.m., ready to go with any swarm
that might chance to try to get away.

The third Aay after this, while he
was eating dinner, a swarm came out,
and, in circling, they swung out to-
ward this apiary, which he took as a
sign that these were the bees that
were going to the cleaned hive. He
at once jumped upon his horse, when
the bees, without clustering, struck
out in the direction of this hive. He
urged the horse to its fastest run, and
arrived at the hive just in time to see
the first bees of his Italian swarm set-
tling down in front of the hive, into
which the whole swarm entered.

I have alwaj's considered the last
illustration as conclusive proof that
bees do, in some instances, select a
home before they leave the parent
hive, while / believed that it was so,
from the first evidence. If they do
not, how will the doubting ones dis-
prove the above facts, as I have given
them ?

THE SYRACUSE HONEY-MARKET.

On page 839 of the American Bee
Journal for 1888, is a little matter
which has been over-looked by me,
although I had it marked for a replj'
at the time. In the article on tliat
page, M. J. W. Tefl't seems to wish to
convey the idea that apiarists here cut
prices on hone}' to Syracuse buyers,
thereby giving quotations which come
from that market, a deficiencj' of one-
third as to price, under other markets,
thereb}' injuring bee-keepers "from
one end of the country to the other."

I can hardly conceive the object of
that item, and the mentioning of the
names there given, unless it was to
injure the reputation of some of his
fi'llow apiarists, bj- conveying a false
impression. He says : " Syracuse is
the home market of Messrs. Doolittle,
House, Salisburj-, Betsinger," etc., and
gives figures tosliow, that, while honey
was quoted from 14 to 20 cents in all
other markets, Syracuse quoted it at
from 10 to 13 cents.

It is no wonder that the editor calls
for an explanation. Well, the expla-
nation is about like this :

Syracuse is a very fickle market on
all lines of produce, and, more es-
peciall}', on honey. If a groceryman
has a crate or two of honey, he con-
siders himself abundantly supplied, so
when more honey is oftered, he will
not buy, unless he can get the honey
for about two-thirds its real value ; tlie
result being, that in proportion to its

population, not nearly as much honey
is consumed in Syracuse as in other
cities, consequently the "little" bee-
keepers, who keep from 5 to 20 colo-
nies, and who do not take a bee-paper,
supply all its wants as to honey, at the
low prices quoted.

For Mr. Tefft to try to lay the cause
to the parties named, is only proof that
he is ignorant of the matter about
which he is talking ; for, in my own
case, I have not even tried to sell a
pound of honey in Syracuse for the
past 12 years ; and, to my knowledge,
very much, if not all, of the honey
produced by Messrs. Betsinger and
Salisbury has found a market else-
where, for the past 5 years.

Prior to 1878, Syracuse was one of
the best markets in the United States ;
for at that time there was a honey-
buyer there who knew what honey
was worth, and was willing to buj- all
that came to him, and pay all it was
worth ; but since his death, no one has
seemed willing to take his place as a
buyer After trying in vain to get a
party Avho knew all about this business
as carried on by this buyer, to carry on
the honey-trade, I left Syracuse, and
sought a market elsewhere.

To show the reader that Syracuse
was once a good )warket for honey, I
will say that, in 1874, Mr. Betsinger
and myself sold our honey there for
from 28J to 29 cents per pound — our
whole crops being taken.

Borodino, N. Y.

MINNESOTA.

How the Bee§ Have Wintered-
Stati»tic§.

Writtai for the A.meT'ican Bee Journal

BY MRS. B. J. LIVINGSTON.

Bees have wintered well here, so far
as I can learn. My 8 colonies were
placed in the celLar under the dwell-
ing-house on Dec. 15. About the mid-
dle of March, one colony began to
spot the front of the hive ; I took it up
through the iiouse (the outside cellar-
way being covered with ice), wrapped
up the brood-nest well with old quilts,
and left it out. It is doing splendidly.

The otlier 7 colonies I took out to
the summer stands on April 10, for on
that day the other bees began to carry
in their first pollen. All wintered well
— there seemed to be more bees than
when they were put in for winter.
Notwithstanding the complaints of the
uneasiness of bees caused by warm
weather, mine seemed to be almost
perfectly dormant, owing, perhaps, to
the cellar-wall being over 20 inches
thick. Outside warmth was slow to
atiect the temperature of the cellar.

T'HS Mfiammi^mM mbm j&'u^ns.iL,

311

The colony that) had to be taken out
for a flight, had been disturbed by a
rat.

The bees began to work on elm
blossoms on April 14, and kept it up 4
daj'S ; they acted as if they were get-
ting honey.

I watch the Bee Journal for all re-
ports from Minnesota bee-keepers. I
believe this to be a great honey-State,
especially near the lakes, where linden
abounds. There seems to be always
something in our groves for the bees.

I send a seed-label which came with
seed that I tried last year. It is called
" honey or bee clover" {Mdilotus cixrii-
leus), and came from the United States
Department of Agriculture. It is not
"sweet clover," but I should call it an
aromatic clover. It came into bloom
within 6 weeks after sowing, which
was right in linden bloom. I did not
see a bee on it, and it was gone as
soon as the linden. It might do better
in a season not so dry, but I think that
it is perfectl3' useless here.

I do not believe that there are over
300 colonies of bees in this countj-.
The largest apiaries of which I am in-
formed, are owned by Mrs. Josiah
Smith, who has 50 colonies ; William
Sutor, 100 ; Cornell Personrus, 100 ;
G. W. Ott, 20 ; F. S. Livermore, 10 ;
and J. H. Johnson.

This list is nearly, if not quite, cor-
rect. If those owning 5 or more col-
onies in this county (Martin) would
send me a statement on a postal card,
I should be very much obliged. Also,
please state if your bees are wintered
in trenches, in the cellar, or in chaff
hives ; and also give the per cent, of
loss during the past winter.

Center Chain, Minn., April 21, 1890.

RUSSIA.

An Interesting Account of Bee.
Keeping in Rnssia.

Translated for the American Bee Journal

BY REV. STEPHEN ROESE.

There is not another country in
Europe where bee-keeping can be
carried on to such success as in the
domains of the Czar of Russia, and no
other countrj' is blessed with such
large territories of rich honey-yielding
heather as Siberia ; nowhere can such
immense forests be found as in Western
Russia and in Caucasia, and nowhere
do we find buckwheat fields, rape,
dathe, etc., as in middle Russia, es-
pecially Russia Minor. One who has
never been in Russia, can form no
conceivable idea of the grand forests,
hundreds of miles in extent, where
bears, wolves, and other wild animals
have their home and abode ; and much

less idea can be formed of the many
thousand miles of heather which ex-
tend beyond the Ural, where grass and
flowers grow in abundance. Bees are
kept all over Russia, even at Arch-
angel, at the extreme north, at Tirim
and Caucasia in the south, and at
Siberia in the east. Farmers and
noblemen both engage in this pursuit,
for profit and pleasure.

But in spite of all their advantages,
bee-keeping in Russia has as yet not
been placed on a rational footing — late
improved movable-frame hives are not
in practice ; in localities where forests
are near, hollow trees are used as hives,
and such hives are in use among
farmers and noblemen.

About 10 or 15 years ago bee-keepers
in Russia had their attention called
toward modern improvements, which
credit is due to Mr. Butlerow, Profes-
sor of Chemistry at Moscow, bee-
keeper, and editor of the Russian bee-
periodical.

In northern Russia, Herr Lubarefl",
present editor of the Russian bee-per-
iodical, has constructed a combination
hive, consisting of the Cowan and
American hive, which he calls Anglo-
Americawiska hive, recommending it
in preference to all others as the only
one worthy of use.

In middle Russia, Herr H. Podalsky
is the only one manufacturing comb
foundation, and sells the same for one
rubel (about 55 cents) per pound.

The Director of the Gymnasium at
Kiev, has be come noted by publishing
works on apiculture, and introducing
a hive called the Lewitzki hive.

A Mr. Ranmowitsch, priest of the
Greek church, also publisher of a
practical work on bee-keeping, was
the first one who introduced the manip-
ulating hive from Galicia into Russian
country.

Honey in the comb is sold only in
large cities, such as St. Petersburgh,
Moscow, Kiev, Odessa, etc., and not
very extensively at that, owing to the
extensive sugar manufacturing, which
has affected the use and sale of honey
very materially.

Extracted honey is not oftered on
the markets in that country, and its
use is very limited, but can be pur-
chased of Stichomiroff or Podalski in
Kursk. The markets in cities, as a
rule, carry mostlj- pressed honey, which
is not of good flavor, owing to its pro-
cess of pi-eparation, the comb contain-
ing bee-eggs, larvre, j'oung bees, pol-
len, etc., and are loroken up and
pressed, and, as a consequence, such
honey is not very palatable. A better
quality, which is strained, or drained
out from the cells, is sold in large
cities at high prices — from 50 to 70
kopeks per pound. This is the linden
honey, clear and fine in flavor.

In Russia Minor, large quantities of
honey are us(!d for " met," witliout
which the annual celebration of church
consecration cannot be enjoyed.

A year ago the Consistory (Church
Synod) issued a circular to all bee-
keepers, requesting them to sell all
their beeswax direct to the church
(instead of wax-candle manufacturers)
for religious worship, on account of
too much adulteration ; for the patri-
archs, and Greek church rules, de-
mand pure lieeswax for such candles.

As the press and sound literature
are the heralds of glad tidings, it is
hoped that Russian apiarists will ere
long stand in the ranks with modern
bee-keepers, represented by numerous
periodicals, and keep pace with the
body in the onward march.

Maiden Rock, Wis.

HIVES.

Small or Large Hives in Wliicli
to Winter Bees.

Written for the American Bee Journal
BY M. L. BARNEY.

In regard to the article by Mr. A. J.
Fisher, on page 2(i5 — "Small Hives vs.
Large Hives " — I would say that it is a
problem with us all. Certain condi-
tions are in favor of both large and
small hives, theoretically. The hive
that I use, known here as the "Badger
State hive," contains 853 cubic inches.
I have always wintered my bees in that
capacity, and never have had to resort
to the sugar-barrel.

In the spring I keep the bees all
closed down until the real honey har-
vest has commenced in good earnest,
then I put on a super the same size,
and may be 2 or 3. When I am ex-
tracting, I put aside one full frame of
honey to winter on. In the fall I close
them down to the main hive, having it
full of good honey, and put them into
the cellar, where they remain until the
willow blooms. I have taken from
these diminutive hives 2,400 pounds of
honey from 14 colonies, spring count.
Taking increase and honey into con-
sideration, I think, and do know, that
I outstrip ni}- neighbors who use larger
hives.

Now for some facts : I have a win-
ter depository that is almost frost-
proof, and very dry, and well venti-
lated. I put' ray bees into the cellar
first, and then come my neighbors and
deposit 100 colonies along with mine.
We put our bees all out on the same
day. My bees are quiet, while the
bees put in at the same time, are all in
an uneasy condition — and why ?
Theirs have as much honey as mine.

My hives being exactly square, the
bees are in a natural condition, and

312

T-H® mmmmi^Mm mmM j^'wmMMi^.

all the honey is directly over the clus-
ter, so that the heat of the bees keeps
the honey in an accessible condition ;
while the bees pnt in by other parties,
having a like amount of honey (and
some to spare), have eaten the honey
all out directly over the cluster, while
there is plenty of honey at the ends of
the frames. Now you see that the bees
are not in a natural condition — and
why ? The heat that the bees generate
is not directly under the honey. The
bees are working with all their energy,
changing from one side to the other ;
a portion of the hive will be damp, and
the bees very restless. I think that
plenty of honej- directly over the clus-
ter is very essential.
Hartford, Wis.

BEES LYING OUT.

Does Lying Out of Bees in Front
of Hives Entail any Loss i

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY GEO. F. BOBBINS.

Mr. J. W. Tefft, on page 569 of the
American Bee Journal for 1889,
claims this as a point of superiority of
his hive: "My bees do not desert
their hives even on the hottest days,
but keep at work right along, simply
because the provision for ventilation
and shade secures their entire com-
fort." He evidently supposes that
when bees cluster out in front of the
hive, that they stop work. I presume
that view is quite largely prevalent,
and that it entails a consequent loss of
honey. I more than doubt it. I do
not think that "lying out" — as I have
been taught to call it — is of itself any
disadvantage.

What drives bees out ? It is not
alwaj-s, or only, heat, although cool
weather will drive them in. On very
hot days, bees will desert the supers of
hives that are not well shaded or ven-
tilated ; but it does not follow, neces-
sarily, that the}- stop work. Warm
weather, an over-crowded hive, noth-
ing to do, or .something to do in the
way of wax-secretion — one or more,
or, it may be, more or less of all com-
bined— are the occasions of bees lying
out.

It was the old notion that when
bees begin to lie out heavily at the
beginning of the clover harvest, it is
an indication that they are going to
swarm ; and it is largely correct. Of
course, we know that the conditions
that cause one, will cause the other.
Those conditions are warm weather, a
crowded brood-nest, and a flow of
houey. A few warm, close days will
drive them out before the honey-flow
commences, when but little clustering
would be done if there was any nec-

tar to gather. Likewise, when bees
begin to lie out very heavy, later in
the season, after swarming is all over,
it is a pretty good indication that the
harvest is failing. In those cases there
is nothing to do — and they do it. But
it does not follow that lying out always
means idleness, in its exact sense. It
is true that they do appear to slack up
work for a few days before swarming,
but that slacking up is more apparent
in results than in actual signs of
activity ; and the new swarm develops
an energy and achieves results that
nearly, or quite, make up for lost time.

Just before swarming, less honey is
stored — afterwards, more — that is all.
About as much honey is gathered in
the one case as in the other. In the
lirst, the honey goes to the secretion
and accumulation of wax ; in the sec-
ond, the accumulated wax is quickly
built into comb, which can be quickly
tilled witli lioney. Now it niai/ be that
not quite so much honey comes in dur-
ing this preparation for swarming ; but
any system that permits swarming will
have the same effect.

Now, why this clustering to secrete
wax ? Simply this : Wax is fatty
matter, aud to accumulate fat to the
best advantage, inaction is necessary.
To be sure, a certain quantity of wax
may be secreted in a natural way dur-
ing the process of labor. A horse or
an ox will, when well fed, put on their
normal quantity of fat, and work all
the time. Or a fowl may lay her
normal number of eggs while foraging
for, and digesting, food. But to get
the most fat on a steer, or the most
eggs from a hen, they must be kept
largely in a state of inaction. So, a
bee may secrete a fair proportion of
wax while gathering honey, but much
more is obtained with a measure of
repose.

Bees hang in siu'plus boxes to make
wax, and to obtain the necessarj- tem-
perature to work it — I believe more for
the former purpose, than the latter ;
hence, when bees meditate swarming,
they " hang" both in the sections and
out in front, and after the new swarm
is hived, the bees will hang out in
front until the following morning.
During this time, the honey with which
they had gorged themselves before
issuing, is converted into wax. Then
as soon as the sun begins to dissipate
the dews, the cluster outside begins to
grow smaller, and, by 9 or 10 o'clock,
it has disappeared. So far, if bees
must build their own comb, there is no
loss.

Of course bees lie out more on long,
hot afternoons than in the forenoons.
This is because the nectar has partially
dried up, aud there is not so much to
gather. Then, I think, it is when
much of the wax which Mr. Hutchin-

son and others claim to be secreted in
a normal way, accumulates. If the
honey-flow would continue undimin-
ished throughout the day, I think that
the difi'erence between the quantity
stored in the combs, and in sections
where the comb must be built, would
be much augmented. I know that the
rapidity with which honej' comes in,
depends upon the measure in which
the season and bloom favor it — not
upon how much the bees lie out.

I do not think that it is the best plan
to allow the bee-hives to become so
heated by the heat of the sun, and the
want of a free circulation of air around
them, as to drive the bees out of the
supers. Still I doubt if the storing of
honey is hindered by it, because it
only happens at the time of day when
but little honey is coming in.

Mr. Tefft argues that he can get
three or four times as much honey by
keeping bees in one strong colony till
after the harvest, as he who allows
swarming. 1 do not believe it. I have
no doubt that the claim is honestly
made, but I think that he is simply
mistaken. If I am wrong, I am will-
ing to be righted. If any have actual
testimonies to give to that effect, let us
hear tliem, by all means.

Mechanicsburg, Ills.

SWEETNESS.

A Few Observations About Na-
ture's Siveet.

Written for the Prairie Farmer

BY MRS. L. HARRISON.

The Giver of all good has provided
us with a pure sweet, which can be
had not for the asking, but for the
taking. Nature's chemist makes no
mistakes, puts in no unhealthy ingre-
dients of sulphuric acid or lime ; her
kettles neither boil over nor burn. Her
utensils are all fresh and clean, for
they have never been used in manu-
facturing before, and her laboratory is
located in fresh air and sunshine, aud
the distillation takes place in the corol-
las of flowers. The gatherers are the
bees, that sit on the bloom, extracting
liquid sweets which the}- deposit in
their sacks to carry home to their
hives, where it is canned. The workers
are clean and tidy, distinguished for
their business qualifications and des-
patch.

Every farmer's family should have a
liberal supply of honey, and the surest
way to get it is Ijy owning bees. Then
every flower blooming in the hedges,
fence-corners, brush-pile, or roadside,
becomes a source of revenue.

The following, copied from the
British Bee Journal of a recent date.

T'ME^ MmmmicMM mmm j^Jiummmi^.

31

shows how bees are regarded by hor-
ticulturists across the Atlantic : " I
have about 30 colonies of bees at
Beccles. standing at the south end of a
long garden containing a large num-
ber of fruit trees. At the time the trees
were in blossom last spring, east winds
prevailed, which prevented the bees
flying far. The result was most strik-
ing. Those trees (phim, apple and
pear) surrounding the hives were
heavily laden with fruit, whereas the
trees in the other parts of the garden
away from the bees, liad but little fruit
upon them. In conversation with the
owner of the garden last autumn, he
remarked, ' I wish there had been
bees all over the garden.' "

Manj' persons claim that it is better
to buy honey of the specialists than to
produce it. This season in some
localities, one bushel of oats would
buy one pound of honey. Which can
work cheapest, men and horses, or
bees ? To produce a bushel of oats,
first there must be ground to grow it
upon ; then it must be plowed, har-
rowed and sowed. When it is grown,
cut and threshed, and hauled to mar-
ket, it must be sold to get the needful
to buy one pound of honey.

A family is not nearly as sure of get-
ting a supply of honey when they
depend upon buying it, as they are
when bees bring it to them. It is
something like this : " An old lady
who wanted a feather-bed, proposed
to raise geese, and pick their feathers
to make her bed. Her husband said,
"No ; if you want a feather-bed I can
raise the feathers easier for you on my
hogs' backs than you can on geese, and
I will not have them squawking around,
for no one can speak without their
setting up their cry." She waited until
the day of her death for feathers to
to gi-ow on hogs' backs, but her bed
never materialized.

Peoria, Ills.

BROOD-REARING.

The Apple-Bloom, Clover, Large
Hives, Honey-Dew, elc.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY ALLEN LATHAM.

I went home to Lancaster, Mass.,
during our Easter recess, and found
my bees in a very backward condition.
The cold weatlier of March had pre-
vented brood-rearing, and the bees
acted as though it was mid-winter. As
I am looking for a fine yield of honey
from apple-blossoms, I was somewhat
disappointed at the outlook. I fed
and dosed the bees that week, leaving
them on April 8, awakened to the fact
that spring was coming.

Last Saturday — April 19 — I again
went home, and I wish that those bee-
keepers who have never packed bees
on the summer stands, could have been
present when I opened the hives. For
nearly two weeks we have had plea.s-
ant weather, allowing the bees to
gather pollen almost every da}-. Most
of my colonies are on 6 frames, and
every colony on April 19 was spread
through the hive as in summer, and in
most of the hives there were 5 frames
of brood. Some frames were nearly
full of brood.

Apple-trees will not blo.ssom for
more than two weeks, and I think that
most of my colonies will be in condi-
tion to store 20 pounds each. I have
no difficulty in selling all my apple-
blossom honey at twentj'-five cents a
pound.

Clover is coming on finely. I think
that it is the most promising spring for
several jeai's. It resembles very much
the spring before the best honey sea-
son I have known since I kept bees.

LARGE HIVES — HONEY-DEW.

Apropos of large and small hives, I
ask these questions : Of what use is a
large brood-nest after the main honey-
yield has opened ? What is the use of
a half-bushel of bees when the season
is over ?

Now about honey-dew : Two years
ago in July, there fell for several
weeks, from a large elm which over-
tops our house, a species of hone3--dew,
so-called. I suppose that it came from
aphides, although I am not sure. At
some times it was liquid, and left
shinj-, sticky spots where it fell. At
other times it came down in the form
of minute grains, which were round,
white, and somewhat soft. I swept up
some of these "grains of manna"
from the piazza ; they were of the
saccharine nature. The bees did not
work on this substance any to speak of.

Cambridge, Mass., April 21, 1890.

SPACING COMBS.

Proper Distance to Space Combs
— Cells in Foundation.

Written Jor the American Bee Journal
BY REV. W. P. FAYLOR.

In this modern age of progress, the
art of apiculture, or bee-keeping, like
nearly everj'thing else, is attracting
the strictest attention. The box-hive
will soon be a thing of the past ; the
black bee is rapidly giving way to the
4 and 5 banded Italian ; bee-papers are
becoming quite numerous ; the honey-
extractor, the comb foundation ma-
chine, and many other late inventions
speak for the progress of the day. Two

things, however, sui'prise me, viz :
The tendency of bee-men to .space the
combs nearer together than the bees
build them naturall}', and the practice
of making foundation cells smaller
than the bees build them of their own
accord. Tliese two points I have been
testing pretty thoroughly during the
past 5 years.

I keep l)ut a few colonies of the
honey-gatherers, which gives me plenty
of time to experiment. For the best
results, all things considered, I now
space all the combs 1§ inches apart,
from center to center. I have proven,
time and again, that bees are more
liable to swarm where the combs are
hung too near each other. When I
kept Carniolans I observed that this
was even more true of them. Then,
if you knock a box-hive to pieces, you
will find all the main combs placed
not less than li inches apart, and
some possibly 2 inches.

Of course, the matter of brace-combs
comes in here. Where the frames are
spaced from 1} to If inches, the combs
are always more or less braced to each
other. I have not found it so by the
way I now space combs. I can go to
any one of my 10 hives, and find every
comb separate and distinct.

We should bear in mind, too. that
wide spacing gives more room for the
storing of honey above the brood-nest,
which is no mean consideration when
we strike the winter problem. The
above-named are a few of the many
reasons why I space bee-combs It
inches from center to center.

NUMBER OF CELLS TO THE INCH.

The idea of making 5 worker-cells
to the inch of foundation, does not
meet m}' observation. It will do pretty
well for one or two years, but after a
few years' use, the cells become en-
tirely too small. Any queen-breeder
knows very well that queens reared in
little, cramped cells, are not nearly so
large and nice as those reared in good,
large cells. If the cell has anything
to do with the size and utility of the
queen, then the same rule must apply
to the worker bee. I think that the
" five cell" theory is a conclusion of a
few months' test to rid the hives of
drones, more than anything else. But
why should we be afraid of getting a
few drones in the hives ? Why treat
them as a nuisan-ce ? A colony of bees
with plenty of drones, I have good
reason to believe will store more sur-
plus honey than will a colony without
drones. I have had but one year's
practical test upon this point, and that
has been in favor of the drones. I am
about to throw away my old founda-
tion machine, and use one that will
make -W cells to the inch.

St. Bernice, Ind.

314

T'ME? MEHEmicmif mmm j®^mMmi^.

BEE-HIVES.

Description of a Simple, Iiiter-
eliangeable Hive.

Written for the American BceJom-nal

BY E. L. PRA.TT.

A bee-hive adapted to all-avouud
work, and at the same time giving
good results in honey, in connection
with siraplicitj- and wintering adapta-
bility, has long been sought by pro-
gressive bee-keepers. We believe that
such a hive will work its own way into
popularity with very few words.

For many years we were staunch
advocates' of the hanging frame, but
since we have the wonderful winter-
ing record of a closed-end frame, we
shall use it until something better is
found. There is a great saving of
stores, when tliis style of frame is used,
where bees are wintered out-of-doors,
and, in spring, one-third more brood
can be cared for.

The frames of this hive are reversi-
ble, either singly or as a whole, and
they are constructed in such a manner
that no brace-combs can be built any-
where about them. They are easily
removed and replaced without the
usual slow lateral manipulation. Foun-
dation can be fitted into these frames
with one-fourth the time and work
necessary in the ordinary way, and no
wiring need be done, as the frames
are built "plumb" full of comb, and
are just as strong as wired frames.

Full sheets of foundation can be put
into the frames with strength enough
to bear a hea^•y swarm, l)y the simple
and expeditious device employed.
There are no corners on this frame to
bother, nor projections to strike
against each other ; no crooked combs
can be built. Each frame has a per-
manent space which uUimates in per-
fectly tlat frames of brood, and smooth,
straiglit spaces between them, just the
correct distance to force surplus honey
into the supers. There is no chance
to crush bees while handling the
combs.

The frames are simple and inexpen-
sive, and easily put together. Inside
measurements are 8ixl7 inches — just
the correct size to aclniit eight 4}x4}
standard honey - sections in wide
frames, either above or below, or the
little combs used in the new method of
nuclei management in combination
with full colonies.

For comb honey we recommend an
8-frame hive adapted to tiering up.
For extracted honey, there is nothing
better when half-depth supers are
used, and they should be used, as they
are easier to handle, and are in every
way mucli better than large combs.
However, if the large comb method is

preferred, an extraset of brood-frames
is all that will be needed.

The body of the hive is in two parts,
each having convenient hand-holds for
convenience in lifting. Each part of
the body can be used for a super, and
each super can be used as a part of the
body, which is a convenience that all
experienced bee-keepers will appre-
ciate, because it does away with about
one-half the paraphernalia, and is al-
ways convenient in a hundred and one
ways.

To better explain, we will say, that
two supers will make one body to hold
brood-combs, and one body will make
2 supers to hold honey-sections or ex-
tracting frames. By having supers and
brood-chambers all built exactly alike,
expense and complication are greatly
modified, manipulation is lessened,
and there is never any idle furniture.
Time in construction is saved, and we
are always ready for an emergency.

The bottom-board and stand on
which the hive rests, is so constructed
that the entrance can be at the front,
in the ordinary way, or at either side.
In the spring," there are always weak
colonies that need to be contracted to
2 or 3 combs, and it is better to close
them up next to one of the side en-
trances, than to allow them to fly from
the front. They can be kept warmer,
and built up to better advantage by
giving them a side entrance.

Two small colonies can be wintered
in the same hive with a side entrance
to each. Three queens can be win-
tered over by the use of 2 division-
boards and all 3 entrances. In hot
weather, a large colony can be venti-
lated grandly by throwing open all the
entrances, and placing screen-cloth at
the sides. Ample alighting places are
left at the front and sides, which act
as supports for a thin winter-case to
admit of packing in winter.

Thus we have the advantage of a
chaif, or double walled hive without its
disadvantages. This hive can be
worked like a single-walled hive in
summer, and a double-walled hive in
winter. The winter-case is not in the
way at all, if left on the year round.
The manner in which the bottom-
board can be made fast to the hive
body, is very simple and strong.

We need not explain the construc-
tion of the super shells, as they are ex-
actly like those used for the brood-
chamber. They are all halved to-
gether, which makes them strong and
durable. The end-pieces are rabbeted
so as to give finger room to manipu-
late the section holders, and to make
a narrow bearing surface where tlie
shells come together to hold brood-
frames.

The section-holders are so construct-
ed that the honey-sections are thor-

oughly protected from bee-gule and
soil. Tliey can be interchanged and
reversed with ease, and any style of
4ix4J^ section can be used, with or
without separators. The holders take
IJ-inch wide sections, or 7-to-the-foot,
conceded to be the standard.

For extracting combs, simply fill the
section-holder with foundation, and
have it drawn out and filled the same
as with comb honey. Each frame will
weigh about 5 pounds when well filled;
if large extracting combs are pre-
ferred, another body can be tiered up.
If colonies are found in danger of
starving, put on a super containing 4
or 5 shallow extracting-combs of
honey, and they will be all right, with
no danger of starving even in winter.
One of the supers filled with shallow
brood-frames will make a first-rate
queen-rearing nucleus. The cover is
cleated, and will fit any part of the
hive, and each part of the hive will fit
the bottom-board.

The winter-ease is made of f stufi",
' and cleated so that each part is strong,
yet very light. If desired, this case
can be made separable, and the sides
used during the summer for shade-
boards, or stacked away. No packing
need be put about the hives until the
bees begin to breed in the spring, but
there should be plenty of absorbent
material over the frames to carry off
the moisture coming from the cluster.
Ventilators are provided in the winter
roof, and the packing is always sweet
and clean. There is no chance for a
leak when packed for winter. We can
enjoy ourselves in cold weather, for we
are sure that our bees are coming
through as strong as they were in the
fall, when this simple, interchange-
able standard hive is used.

HONEY-DEW.

Source of Honey-Dew, and Its
Effect on Bees.

Written Jar tlie American Bee Journal

BY T. C. KELLY.

My attention has been called again
to the subject of " honey-dew." There
are many opinions in regard to its
orio-in. I, for one, do not believe that
it is the " dew of heaven ;" nor do I
believe that it is the excrement of a
species of aphides. It is a well-known
fact that there is held in solution in
o-rass, leaves, and also in the wood and
bark of many of our forest trees, a
saccharine matter which, under chemi-
cal processes, can be brought out, or
extracted. A few years ago, a large
amount of a dark, disagreeable sub-
stance was gathered by the bees in this
vicinity, which soured in the hives.

TMm mvmmmiGmn mm,m joiiiRifsiu.

315

causing the greatest mortality among
tlie bees that was ever known in this
part of the countrj' ; wliile in some
seasons the beos gather honey-dew that
is of a light color, and no bad eii'ects
follow.

Last fall, a bee-keeper (older than
I) prophesied a great fatalitj' among
the bees the last winter, on account of
much dark honey being stored in the
fall ; and claimed that it was honey-
dew. I disagreed with him, and
claimed it to be a mixture of buck-
wheat and boneset — in the forenoon
the bees were busy on buckwheat blos-
soms : in the afternoon they worked on
the boneset until dark ; and, the I'esult
is, bees never wintered better, or were
more healthy in the spring.

I am of the opinion that the honey-
dew is a secretion In the leaves, which,
under certain conditions of the atmos-
phere, is forced to the surface ; there-
force, these insects having a "sweet
tooth," find it and congregate there to
feed upon it. Nature's laws make the
honey, and the bee is the collector of
these stores ; but let those advocates of
the excrement theorj- sample some of
the productions of the bees in that
line, and see how much sweet is in it.

Mr. Tyrrel says, on page 26-i, that
trees covered with lice and slugs, and
those oul}', produced honey-dew. Now
I do not think that he lives in a wood-
ed country : I have found leaves cov-
ei'ed with lliis honey-dew, but on ap-
plying the microscope, I could not de-
tect the presence of any insect. I
would be pleased, if some of those be-
lievers in the "excrement theory"
would be kind enough to send me a
dead or dry leaf this summer, having
the honej'-dew and the apis on it.
Pluck it from any tree that can be
found in the timber. "The proof of
the pudding is in the eating."

Slippery Rock, Pa.

LOSS IN WINTER.

Wliy Did tlie Bees Leave tlieir
Hive§ so Abruptly (

Written for the American Bee Journal

BV G. N. BENHA:*!.

There was a terrible loss of bees all
over this section of country, during the
past winter. We had a very mild and
open winter here, plenty of ice, and
but little snow, as the sun would melt
the snow to a slush, and at night it
would freeze, making the roads a solid
bed of ice.

As I reported last winter, I had 42
colonies of bees in the cellar, and a
good portion of the time I had to open
the outside cellar-door, and also the
cellar windows, besides giving upward

ventilation through the chimney. I
carried great quantities of snow and
ice into the bee-cellar to keep the bees
as quiet as possible, but one reason I
ventilated so thoroughlj' was, to clear
the cellar of a most terrible stench that
came from the hives. I made a long
hook of heavy wire, that I used to
reach into the hives where dead bees
accumulated, and pulled them out.
thereb}' giving the bees plenty of fresh
air in their time of trouble.

The hives were badly spotted all
over the fronts, some of them even to
an eighth of an inch thick on the
alighting-board. I am a beginner, and
how I did it, I scarcely know, but I
only lost 3 colonies in the cellar, and 2
of these I can account for, as one
starved, and the other was queenless,
but the third died of this "mysterious
disease," as the old bee-keepers call it.

I would like to be enlightened on
the probable cause of this great loss of
colonies.

Then, we have sustained a great
loss of colonics this spring in another
way. On April 11, the temperature
was from 80- to 8(1^ above zero in the
shade, and the country was alive with
bees, swarms, queens and all, going
in every direction, leaving their hives
never to return. I had 4 swarms come
out, but I was on hand, and stopped
the in ; I gave them clean hives, and
plenty of honey, and they are doing
well. One of mj- neighbors had 24
colonies leave their hives the same
daj" — in fact, we all suflered more or
less loss that day.

I would be glad, indeed, to know
what caused these colonies to be so
displeased with their old home as to
leave it, and go in search of a new
one. I would suggest two reasons,
viz : 1. The hives were so filthy, and
the colonies so reduced, tbat they
could not clean them, and they would
not live in such filth. 2. Hunger was
"staring them in the face."

I have bought a few more colonies
this spring, enlarging mj' apiarj- to 46
colonies. I am feeding only such colo-
nies as need the honey to eat. I have
induced one old bee-keeper, who has
40 colonies in box-hives, to use the
Langstroth hive, and to exchange the
"Starch-box caps" to the .super and
one-pound sections.

Red Wing, Minn., April 25, 1890.

COIVVENTIOM DIRECTORY.

Xlie Report of the proceedings of the
20th annual session of the International
American Bee- Association contains, besides
the interesting report, the new songs and
music then used, and engravings of the
present officers as well as the retiring ones.
In all, it contains 36 pages. It is for sale
at this office. The price is 35 cents, post-
paid.

1890. Time aiid place of meellnij.

May 10.— York unrl CumherlancI, at Buxton ('tr., Me.

C. W. CoHtellow, Sec, Waterboro, Me.

May l3.-Cortlan(1 Union, at Cortland, N. Y.

M. U. Kairbanks, Sec, Homer, N. V.

May 17.— Haldimand. at CayuKa, Ont.

E. C. Caniphell, Sec, Cayuj^a. Ont.

May 20.— Northern Illinois, at Cherry Valley, UIh.

D. A. Fuller, Sec, Cherry Valley, U\s.

July 17.— Carolina, at Charlotte, N. C.

N. P. Ijyles, Sec, Derita N. C.

In order to have this table complete,

Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — The Euitou.

International Bee-Association.

PuESiDENT— Hon, K. L, Taylor.. Lapeer, Mich.
Secretary— r. P. D:idant Hamilton, Ills.

National Bee-Keepers' Union.

President— .James Heddon ..Dowag-iiic, Mich.
Sec' Y. AND MAN.4GER— T. G. NewmiiQ, Chicago.

S^tf£77QA|jr>

Ciood Prospect tor '^Vhite Clover.

Bees %vintered pretty well in this part of
the country. They were all left on the sum-
mer stands, with only a few boards put
around them to keep off the wind, and
some without any protection at all. They
are having a good time now ; trees are in
full bloom, and there never was a better
prospect for white clover. There are plenty
of brood and young bees in the hives, and
we can expect a swarm any day.

Ed. E. Sch.midt.

Carpenter, Ills., April 28, 1890.

A Simple Iloney-Board.

I have noticed two or three remarks
lately in the Bee Journal, by prominent
bee-keepers, to the effect that when the
openings from tbe brood-chambers to the
surplus department was much less than
those in the ordinary slatted honey-board,
still it seemed to make no difference in the
amount of honey stored. That being the
case, why not make the honey -board with
only two or three broad slats i or have it
simply one solid board, with two or three
long slits cut in the centre ? A queen ex-
cluding strip could be tacked over these, if
desired. It seems to me that such a board
would be much easier to make, and, more-
over, stiffer than the slatted board.

HoR.\.i'E N. Jones.

Clay Center, Nebr., April 25, 1890.

■..arjSfe or Small Hives.

The schools of to day impart information
by object lessons. The eye sees things
when the rod fails to make any impression
on the mind for good. For the 99th time,
"large or small hives " have been harped
upon. A small hive is not advocated by a
solitary writer, but a small brood chamber
is a different matter entirely. My object
lesson win show this difference, which Mr.
Fisher has not learned in his SO years'
experience, as given on page 265. The
brood box or chamber is 13 inches wide
from front to rear, by IS.^.,' across the
frames, by lOV; deep below the rabbets,
containing 9 bi-ood-frames which are the

316

TTH® MBlBMie®!* mmm J@^KMM1*^,

equivalent of 9 Gallup frames in square
inches, as nearly as figures can be put to-
gether. To this brood-box we can add a
pantry and store-room at the ends, making
the hive 2-i inches long on the inside, and
have a half or full story above. Is this a
small hive ? But to make the object lesson
effective, we take 5 T supers for the 8-
frame Langstroth hive. They are scant
13x18x43.2 inches deep, I believe. We
stand one in each end of the hive, and there
is 4V^ inches yet to the under side of the
cover— space for half a super more. We
tier up 2 more supers between and over the
brood-frames, the space being 14x15 inches
— here we will have to cut some, but the
room is ample to store away all of the 5 T
supers. Is this hive small ; In Mr. Fisher's
30 years' experience, has he ever seen one
much larger ! John A. Ki.N'o.

Mankato, Minn.

■niproveinents in Extractors.

It seems to me that one of our most prac-
tical implements in the apiary is being neg-
lected, or I fail to be up with the times —
this is the extractor. I see but little writ-
ten in the way of improvements on this
machine. I have three in use now, but
they are all deficient. Will some of our
liberal bee-keepers furnish suggestions and
light on this subject '. I want to buy the
latest improved for this season, to last till
there is a better one. F. H. W.^lker.

^Viuterert Well— L,oss by Fire.

Bees, I think, have come through the
winter in good condition, although I have
heard some complaint from those who had
bees in cellars. My bees, wintered on sum-
mer stands in single wall hives, are in bet-
ter condition than I ever had them so early
in the season. At about 3:30 o'clock, on
the morning of April 14, my father-in-law,
Mr. S. B. Landon, of Brookton, N. Y., lost
his dwelling-house and most of its contents
by fire; 60 colonies of bees in the cellar
were entirely consumed. The loss was
covered by insurance, which included the
bees. WiLBEU G. Fish.

Ithaca, N. Y., April 28, 1890.

Xranslerrins- Bee!«.

The article by Mr. Julius J. Petty, on
transferring bees, found on page 265, is,
in substance, what I have intended writing,
and now I would like to add one or two
additional ideas. First, emphasize Bing-
ham's .smoker instead of enclosing in a
parenthesis; and the bo.x is to be preferred
to any way that I have ever tried, only I
should use a nail-puller instead of a cold-
chisel, cutting around the nails before
drawing them, letting the bees go up into
the bo.x as I cut out the combs, the hive
being in an inverted position. They will
aU get out of the way.

Next, I should use boards (division-
boards) covered with batting, and then
with oil-cloth ; lay the combs on the board,
cut to fit a frame with 1, 2, 3 or more
pieces. Lay strong wrapping-twine across ;
the number according to the weight of the
combs and number of pieces— 6 is usually
sufficient. Lay it on another board of the
same kind, invert it, and tie with the sur
geon's knot, namely, with two loops instead
of one. With this knot, you can tie it so
that it will notslip,and I think this has been
the trouble with using twine. I formerly
used sticks, but I have now discarded
them, except where combs are very heavy,
and the frame is less than -'^ of an inch
thick. The V notch I thank Mr. Petty for—
if not original with him, it is new to me, and
of great advantage in transferring crooked

>*^*^*^»^«»«^*^*^*»'*^^'~_'jf ■•^-L''-" — -''" <

combs. I have never been able to transfer
bees out-of-doors— it should be practiced
only by the skilled in bee-keeping.

I formerly thought that I could transfer
bees only early in the season ; now I should
hesitate only in extremely warm weather —
say 82 degrees in the shade. Last season I
transferred a number of colonies in hives
containing 40 or 50 pounds of honey. The
worst time is during a heavy honey-flow,
when the jarring of driving and of cutting
nails (with a cold-chisel) daubs the bees
with the new honey. I should use a nail-
puller, by all means, or a saw that will cut
nails would be better.

In placing in the hive, raise the comb
with the board until in a vertical position ;
use all the combs if you work for extracted
honey, and discard aU drone-comb if you
work for comb honey. Straighten crooked
and bulged combs by laying them between
two boards, and standing on them, as
directed by Mr. Doolittle. This applies to
combs not filled with honey. Thick and
bulged combs can be used by trimming
them down after they are fastened ; such
combs should be given to some strong
colony, by hanging them in an upper story.

I should not wait longer than 3 days to
remove the twine — in strong colonies, on
the second day. The scraps of brood I
should also give to some strong colony, by
placing them in a vertical position in a sec-
ond story. If the weather is cool, cover
with a gunny-sack, as this is bulky, and
works nicely in a second story.

As to re-queening, I should do it when-
ever I had queens or cells. It is often easy
to find a queen while transferring. The
temperature of the room should be from
66 degrees upwards. I find 66 degrees
sufllcient. A slanting platform covered
with wax, or a box with a perforated plat-
form— false bottom — to lay scrap combs on,
will, if you have much transferring to do,
be a great convenience. Have water and
towels, and keep everything neat and clean.
Thanks to Messrs. Petty, Doolittle and
others for an advancement in transferring
bees. Thos. A. Anderson'.

Gamma, Mo.

Bees in Splenditl Condition.

Bees are in splendid condition. On Nov.
22, I put my 14 colonies of bees into the
cellar under the house, and took them out
on April 6, all alive. I put 4 inches of
chafi: on top, on the brood-frames, and that
kept the combs as dry as they were last
fall. There were about 3 quarts of dead
bees on the cellar floor. It was between 42
and -to degrees in the cellar all winter,
which is well ventilated. My bees are all
in the 10-frame Langstroth hives.

Robert Schultz.

Alma, Wis., April 25, 1890.

What l»i<1 Ail tiiose Itees?

On page 249, Mr. Wm. Elliot gives a very
plausible reason for the loss of my bees, but
as a matter of fact, his reasoning does not
apply to my case at all. Since I wrote the
article on page 220, I have lost all of those
remaining bees, excepting 15 colonies. A
careful examination shows that there were
over 50 of the 80 colonies Italians or
hyljrids. They are all dead but three, and
one of those is in poor condition. I find
that perhaps 10 or 15 swarms died of
starvation, while the rest had from 5 to 30
pounds of honey in the hives. The honey
is very nice buckwheat and golden-rod.
There is no fruit in the town — the honey is
nice, and will readily seU for 20 cents per
pound.

Mr. Elliot thinks that the bees must have
stored the most of their honey in the boxes
— from all the Italians I had obtained less

than 100 pounds of surplus honey last
year; while from 6 colonies of blacks that
were standing in a group, I took over 500
pounds of nice comb honey. Evei-y black
colony I had gave more or less surplus. I
cannot explain why this happened to be so,
but it is a fact, nevertheless.

I have lost, from the 80 colonies put into
the cellar, 65; less than 15 of them being
black bees. Now what did ail them; I
have cleaned up the old hives, placing
about 10 pounds of nice honey in each
hive. I have purchased 105 very large, fuU
colonies of black bees in the old-style hive
at a bargain, and shall go at it again this
summer with more vigor than ever. I think
that I will let the bees swarm naturally, and
unless the new swarms are very large, I
shall put 2 into each of the hives I have
prepared. The 10 pounds or more of honey
that I have put into the hives will give the
bees a good start, and I presume they will
do a good summer's work. Would any of
the experienced bee-men advise me to
transfer the bees at once, rather than let
them swarm naturally * If so, please let
me know. Aked D. Ellingwood.

Milan, N. H., April 22, 1890.

Empty Hives in the Woods.

Dear Editor. — There is a law in this
State that makes the setting out of a bee-
hive in the woods, or any other place for
the sake of catching bees, a misdemeanor,
punishable by fine or imprisonment. Now,
what we wish to know is, what possible
harm can it do to any one S Does it in any
way injure our neighbors who keeps bees *
Does it entice them in any way to abscond.
We claim that it does not, but rather that
it is a human act so to do, that the bees
may have a decent place to set up house-
keeping in, when they are driven from the
parent hive. I wish that the matter might
be thoroughly discussed, and decided either
one way or the other. I think that the law
is a foolish one, conceived in malice, and
carried out in spite. I would like very
much to hear what you and others think
of it. R. B. Wheaton.

Middlebury, Conn., April 28, 1890.

[The law is one of the many very stupid
enactments which disgrace the statute
books of America by the ignorance, stupid-
ity or venality exposed in those who
inspired them. The only possible excuse is
that some one may be entrichcd by a
swarm entering the hive, and being cared
for. But as the swarm would be lost to
the owner, what figure does that cut in the
matter ?— Ed.]

Heavy Liosses in Wintering-.

Bees in this region are in rather poor
condition, as the winter was unfavorable.
The bees gathered pollen during the entire
months of January and February, but
March and April have more than made up
in severity for the preceding mild months.
My own bees are doing well enough, but
the losses among my neighbors' bees are
heavy. M. A. Kelley.

Milton, W. Va., April 28, 1890.

Postal Wotes are no safer to use in
letters than bank bills. Any one can get
the money on them. A Money Order can
be obtained at the post-oflice or at the ex-
press office for 5 cents (only 2 cents more
than a Postal Note), and is perfectly safe;
if lost it can be re-issued.

T"Mm m7mmMi€:^mM ®ie® joumn^Kiu.

317

iiijteiN^

AI.FREU H. IVKYVITIAM,

BTSINESS MANAGER.

tZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZXZZZZZZZZZZZZXZZX]

^txsiness Notices.

' Subscribers who do not receive their

papers promptly, should notify us at once.

iry Money in Potatoes, by Mr. Joseph
Greiner. Price, 25 cents, postpaid. For sale
at this office.

'' !^" Send us one i^EW^ subscriber, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

It^" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

iW Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.

11^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

11^" Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee JonusAL.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

It^" Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jour-
nal at .J1.85 for the two; or with both our
Home Joihxai. and Bee Journal for $2.50
for all three papers.

It^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write American Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

11^" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

'• 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 25

■' 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

15" "When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

J^"We offer the Monthly Philadelphia
Farm. Journal, and either the American
Bee Journal or Illustrated Home Jour-
nal for one year, for the small sum of $1.20.
Or, we will (live it free for one year to any
one who will send us one new subscriber for
either of our Journals with .$1.00 (the sub-
scription price) .

CI.IIKUIIXO I^Iji^X.

We <JIiib the Americnn Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the I.1AS T
column. The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book :
Price of both. Clul
The Americiin lice Journal $1 00

andGleaniUK'sin liec-f^ulture 2 00 175

Beo-Keepc'i-s' Guide 150. .. 140

ISee-KeeiiiMs' Review 150 140

TheAiiicuIlurist 175.... 165

Bee-Keepers' Advance 150 140

Canadian Bee Journal 2 00 ... 180

The 7 above-named jiapers 5 25 5 00

and Langstroth Revised (Dadant) 3 00 2 75

Cook's Manual (1887 edition) 2 25.. . 2 00

Quinbv's New Bee-Iveeping. 2 50 2 25

Doolittle oil Quoin-Rearing. 2 00.... 175

Bees and Honey (Newman).. 2 00 175

Binderfor Am. Bee Journal. 160 150

Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth). 3 00.... 2 00
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25.... 250

Farmer's Account Book 4 00 2 20

Western World Guide 150.... 130

Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150 140

A Year Among the Bees 175 1 50

Convention Haud-Book 150. .. 130

Weeklv Inter-Ocean 2 00.... 175

Toronto Globe (weekly) 2 00.... 170

History of National Society. 150 125

American Poultry Journal.. 2 25 150

The Lever (Temperance) .... 200 1 75

Do not send to us for sample copies
of any other papers. Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.

A New Method of Treating Disease.

HOSPITAL REMEDIES.

What are they '. There is a new departure
in the treatment of disease. It consists in
the collection of the specifics used by noted
specialists of Europe and America, and
bringing them within the reach of all. For
instance, the treatment pursued by special
physicians who treat indigestion, stomach
and liver troubles only, was obtained and
prepared. The treatment of other physi-
cians, celebrated for curing catarrh, was
procured, and so on till these incomparable
cures now include disease of the lungs,
kidneys, female weakness, rheumatism and
nervous debility.

This new method of "one remedy for one
disease " must appeal to the common-sense
of all sufferers, many of whom have experi-
enced the ill effects, and thoroughly realize
the absurdity of the claims of Patent
Medicines which are guaranteed to cure
every ill out of a single bottle, and the use
of which, as statistics prove, has ruined
more stomachs tlian alcohol. A circular
describing these new remedies is sent free
on receipt of stamp to pay postage, by
Hospital Remedy Company, Toronto, Can-
ada, sole proprietors.

51D26t Imly.

^Vliy Advertise in the American Bee
Journal? Here are some good reasons:

1. Because it has a large and influential
circulation in every State and Territory,
Canada, and other foreign countries.

2. Because it is weU-printed, and an
advertisement in it appears neat and
attractive, and invites a reading.

3. Because it reaches just the class of per-
sons desired — professional men, lawyers,
doctors, and the best rural population.

4. The rates are low and the returns fi-om
advertisements are satisfactory.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

CHICAGO. May 2.— Kecelpts of honey are
light, and deniimd fair for choice white clover
at 13f(/il4c. Olhcr grades are dull and neg-
lected. E.\trail.cd. ()i4@7'/4c. Beeswax, bright,
23(§>26c. ; dark, ;::irn,?Ac.

S. T. PISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.

KANSASOITY, April 25.— Market is cleaned
up on comb honey. We quote: White l-lbs.,
14c.; 2-lbs., 13c. Dark l-lbs., 10((Sl2c.; 2-lbs..
10@llc. Extracted is very dull saleat5(^7c.
No Beeswax in the market.

CLEMONS. CLOON & CO.,

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

BOSTON, April 19.— Market is strong and
well cleaned up on all fancy l-lbs., at iffc. A
small quantity of 2-lbs. on hand sells at 15c.
Extracted, 8(!ii9c. No Beeswax on hand. No
off grades in any way can be sold here.

BLAK6 & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham St.

CHICAGO, May 1.— Comb honey sells soon
after arrival, if white and otherwise desirable,
at 12. 13 and 14c; dark comb is slow at 8^10c.
Weather is cool and seemingly favorable to Its
sale. Extracted. liiSiSc. according to quality:
some with no distinct flavor has sold at 5c.
Beeswax— Yellow, about 27c; fancy, 28c; sup-
ply light.

R. A. BURNETT, 161 S. Water St.

MILWAUKEE, May 1.— Demand for honey
is rather light. Supply is ample, of both comb
and extracted. We quote: Best white l-lbs..
13(^14c; medium l-lbs.. ll@12c: common old
l-lbs.. 9@il0c. Extracted, white, in barrels
and half-barrels. 7@8c; dark, in barrels and
half-barrels, 6@6!4c. Beeswax, 25@26c; sup-
ply light.

A. V. BISHOP. 142 W. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, May2.— The honey market is
cleaned up. We quote: l-lbs. white, 12@13c.;
2-lbs. white, 10(aUl. Dark l-lbs., 8(5)10c.: dark
2-lbs.. 8@9e. Extracted, white, 6{(j6i4c. ; dark,
oc. Demand good. Waiting for the new crop.
HAMBLIN & BEAESS. 514 Walnut St.

DENVER, April 9.— 1-lb. sections, 13®15c.;
Extracted, 7(rtl8c. There is suIBcient comb
honey to supply the market till the new crop
arrives. Beeswax, 22(^25c.

J. M. CLARK COM. CO., 1517 Blake St.

DETROIT. May 2.— Comb honey is selling
slowl,!' at 10®13c. E.xtracted, 7@8c. Beeswax,
scarce at 26(§>27c.

M. g. HUNT. Bell Branch. Mich.

CINCINNATI, May 1.— Demand is slow for
comb honey at 10(fl\14c. No choice white on
the market. Extracted is in good demand at
5(gi8c. Stock is low.

Beeswax is in good demand at 22@26c. for
good to choice yellow. C. P. MUTH & SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

ConTention ]\otices.

K^" The next meeting of the Carolina Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will be held in Charlotte, N. C, on
Thursday, July 17, 1890. N. P. Lyles, Sec.

tS^ The spring meeting of the Northern Illinois
Bee-Keepers' Association, will meet at the residence
of D. A. Fuller, in Cherry Valley, Ills., on May 20th,
1890. D. A. Fuller, Sec.

CS^ The Cortland TJnion Bee-Keepers' Association
will hold their annual meeting at the W. C. T. U.
rooms in Cortland, N. Y., on Tuesday. May 13, 1890,
at 10 a.m. sharp. M. H. Fairba.nks, Sec.

Z^~ The next annual meeting of the York and
Cumberland Bee-Keepers' Association, will be held
at Bu.xton Centre, Maine, on May 10, iH9o, sessions
at 9 a.m. and :: p.m.' An interesting programme is
assured. A cordial invitation is extended to all
interested to be present. C. W. Costellow, Sec.

We want of 'Volume 2 of the
American Bee Journal— July, 1866, to
June, 1867. Any one having it for sale
may send us a postal card, saying what
he will take for it. Do not send any
number's before we order them, for we only
need one set.

318

•r-H® MMEKicsif mmm jQ'Wmmmil.

fc*f afc*^<<

htkmk^-m^t

CUapnian Honey-Plant Seed.—

This plant has been commended by some of
the most experienced beekeepers in
America, as being "a most valuable acqui-
sition to the list of bee-forage plants." The
seed may be scattered in waste places, or
it may be sown in drills or hills like onion
seed. We can furnish the seed, postpaid,
at the following prices ; Single ounce, 40
cents; -4 ounces, SI. 00; 10 ounces, $2.00;
or one pound for $3.00.

We always extend the term of re-
newal subscriptions from the date of
expiration on bur books. Present sub-
scribers whose time may expii-e one, two,
three or six months hence, can safely
renew now, without fear of loss thereby.

If any one wants a club of two or
more weekly or monthly periodicals, be-
sides one or both of our Journals — send us
a Postal Card, and we will then quote the
lowest possible price, by return mail. The
number is too great to enumerate.

CInhs of 5 New Subscriptions for $4.00,
to any addresses. Ten for §7.50, if all are
sent at one time.

^clucvtiscineuts.

»| TO EXCHANGE FOUNDATION
• lorCaeili. Foundation first qual-
ity. Satii^fuction g-uai-anteed. For Brood. 40c;
for Sections. .'>0c per lb. Samples furnished.
IQASt WII.BER G. FISH, Itliaca, N.V.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

■\A/^ AMTm I TO EXCHANGE.— Full
YV/\i> 1 HU 1 colonies of Hybrid Bees,
in Laiisstroth Hi%-es — tor Sections, Brood-
Frames, Queen-Excluding Honey-Boards, or
Extractor. H. L. P.\ngborn, Maquoketa.Iowa.
19Alt

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Itelialile. energetic Agents. Salary
from start — or commissions for
local men devoting part time. L. P. THijitSTON
& Co., Empire Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y.
18A:?t

Mention the Americayi Bee Journal,

Tested Italian Queens e°rh.'"fe^fb|?h2

pound, T.'ic: also Nuclei and Untested Queens.
See American Bee Journal since March 15th.
16Att' LUTHEK W. GRAY, Ohlando, Fla.

FRIENDS, my honey-flow
closes about Juno .">, I will
sell BEF.S per pound, and
''• 1-framed Nuclei VEK¥
'' CHEAP. But as I am
crowded with business, you must order ;30 days
before I shij). I will wjii-cunt Italian Queeii»«
purely mated, for .jii n-nts each. I have many
years e-xperience. Order at once.

J. I). AIKERMA.V, Taylor's Bridee. .Sampson fo., J. C.
lOAlt

Mention the American Bee Journal.

BEESWAX WANTED.

Beeswax.— We will pay 35 cents per

potind, in Cash, tor Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
ered here.

I^" To avoid mistakes, the name of the
shipper should always be on each package.

THOS. a. NEWTttAN & SON,

246 Bast Madison Street. CHICAGO. IL,LiB

MONEY

IN

FRUIT

POULTRY

AND

STOGK

When Ausweri

BOOKS WORTH THEIR WEIGHT 1H EOIDI

HY MAIL PC^STAGE PAID ATTHE FOLLOWING PKICKS*

Ladies <;ii[(le to FoDOf Work, Illustrated, $ .25
How to Proplgate and Grow Fruit, IIIM, .25
ADifrkan Liye Stofk Dlanual, Uluslrutcd, .25
iiiiiilo tu FroHlable Poultry Ituibinp, llFd, .25
Eroplovnn'ntSpekersGui(le,NewC)ptiimgs,&c..25
Wcslprn >Vorld Guide and Iland-Bouk, .60

nkkons' f ompleto Works, Vl Vols., , J.OO
Wavt-rly Novols,by WaltprSpoll,20 Vols., 1.50
The Western World,Illnstratod,One Year, ,35
Sample i'ofJ Bi'l 1^ Pa^c C'atalogiuet . .10
Chance to Save Money on a Tfaou&and Articles,
many of "liich we semi free for a few Subst-riberg.
AiiJrcta TllE W£i>T£Ui\ WURLDj thicago, iil«

IG THIS ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAL.

COMBINED

AMIL, VISE m DRILL

The Handiest Tool in Use about a
FABM, SHOP, OFFIC£ OR HOUSE.

Price, Complete, J!4.00.

The Drill Attachment can be put on or taken
off instantly. Farmeis especially will find it
of great convenience to be able to drill a hole
through a piece ot Iron without making: a trip
to town. The Anvil and Vise combine streng-th
and durability, the whole making- one of the
most complete and useful tools. Width of
Jaw, l?i inches.

THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison .Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Eaton's Improved

BEES & yUEENS. Send
for tree catalotxue. Address

Frank A. Katou,
IDtf Bluffton, Ohio.

MentUin the American Bee Journal.

PATENTS

THOS. P. SIMPSON, Wiiahinfjton
D. C. No atty's fee until Patent ob
tained. Write tor Inventor's Guide

5iDl3t

WHEN ANSWERING THIS ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAL.

Jol) Lot of Sections

WE have a Job Lot of wide-top, one-piece
Sections, I'i thick and 41.4 wide bv 6^i
high. We will sell them, in lots of 500, for
11.50, delivered at the Express or Freight
Offices here.

THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,
246 East Madison Street. - CHICAGO, ILL.

E»t.abll»lied 1S78.

SMITH & SMITH,

Wholesale and Retail Man-
ufacturers of

Bee-Keepers' Supplies,

KEXTON, OHIO.

Price LlBt Free. ODly

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Choice Italian Queens unteste"11:oo:

strong :!-Frame IViirleus, with Tested Queen,
in May, J4.00— in June, $3.00.

MIS.SE.S S. & M. B.UiNES, Piketon, Ohio.
18A5t
Mention the American Bee Journal.

^QUARE ^QNEY QaNS

The above illustration shows the 60 pound
Square Honey Cans which are becoming
quite popular for shipping extracted honey.
They are enclosed in
tj^'^^Sfelll a solid case of wood,
■ '^^^■'""'and the boxes contain
either one or two Cans
as may be preferred.

We can furnish them
at the following prices,
with a l^.i-inch Screw
Cap in the corner of
each Can.

For the convenience
of digging out candled
honey, we can furnish
these Cans with an
additional four-inch Screw Cap for 5 cents
extra on each Can.

1 Single Can .... (boxed) * .45

12 " Cans... " 5.00

100 " " ... " 40.00

1 box of two Cans 75

12 boxes " 8.40

100 " " 65.00

THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.
"imunof 9d{i uuouauiY 3111 uoijitajf

SPrTIftM $3.00 per 1,000. Foundation,
Lv 1 IVlliJ Alsike Glover Seed and Japanese
Buckwheat, cheap as the cheapest. Spec-
ial prices to dealers. Send for our free
PRICE LIST. M. H. HUNT,
IDtf BELL BRANCH, MICH.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

SEOTION"S

From $2.50 to $3.50 per 1,000. and other

APIARIAN SUPPLIES Cheap.

I^ovelty Co., - Kock Fnllis, Ills.

13D6t

Mention the American Bee Journal.

JUST PUELIiaED

"PRACTICAL TURKEY RAISING'-

By Fanny Field. This book tells all
about turkey raising, from the Betting
of the egps to the maturity of the young
l!2S^'JHP*7 turks. If you follow the directionfl_ in
^^^^^ this book you need not Iopc a bird.
Fanny Field has had more experience
and Kucc?eds better "in raisinR turkeys than any other
person in .ilnierica, She clears hundreds of dollars
yearly on them, and will tell you how she does it. _ Price,
25 cents. Stamps taken. Address

THOMAS G. NEWMAN ic SON,
246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILLS

GARNIOLANS A SPECIALTY !

BEE-KEEPERS, before placing your orders for
Carniolan Bees or Queens, get our prices. Our
STOCK ARE EXCELLEli uv NONE. Descriptive Cir-
cular and Priee-List fur l.'«o now ready. Send for it.
Address, F. A. ]>OCKHART & CO.,

(Formerly ot Andrews & Lockhart),
9Dtf PATTENS' MILLS, Wash. Co., N. Y.

Mention th« Americati Bee Journal.

T'mm mmtmrnicmn mmm jQusmnmiu,

323

f

PUBLISHED BY, „

THOS. G.NEWMAN fc SON,

TIIOIflAS G. NE^VBIAI*,

EDITOR.

Vol. mi, lay 17, 1890, No, 20.

Ediweml 'Bmeiegs.

We Pily one who never sees
The butterflies, the birds, the bees,
Nor hears the music of the breeze

When zephyrs soft are blowing ;
Who cannot iu sweet comfort lie
Where clover blooms are thick and high.
And hear the gentle murmur nigh

Of brooklets softly flowing.

Accuse uot Nature, she hath done her
part ; do thou but thine.— il/iH(j?i.

Heavy rains are reported all over
the Northwest. The fields are looking
gi-een, and when it gets warm again, veg-
etation will progress rapidly.

Itiilletins from the State Agricultural
College of Michigan are received. They
are respectively : The English Sparrow-
Insecticides— and Foul Brood. The latter
we will give in full in our next issue.

The Eifflilh EtUtion of our book,
entitled " Bees and Honey, or the Manage-
ment of the Apiary for Pleasure and
Profit," is now published, and ready for
delivery. This edition has been largely
re-written, thoroughly revised, and is
"fully up with the times" In all the
improvements and inventions in this
rapidly-developing pursuit, and presents
the apiarist with everything that can aid
in the successful management of an apiary,
and at the same time produce the most
honey in an attractive condition. It con-
tains 350 pages, and 345 illustrations— is
beautifully printed in the highest style of
the art, and bound in cloth, gold lettered.
Price, -Si. 00, postpaid.

Pi-odiiotiun or Comb Honey.— To
secure a large crop of comb honey we must
have strong colonies. The hive must be
full to overflowing with bees. A weak
colony may give fair returns of extracted
honey, but will uot work in the sections so
as to be profitable. Construct the hive so
as to be easy of access in all parts at all
times, and capable of being contracted or
expanded at will, as circumstances may
demand. The surjilus cases should be easy
of manipulation. The colonies must be
kept strong during the entire year ; swarm-
ing must be prevented, for when bees
swarm they do not store as much honey as
those which do not swarm. — Exchaiuje.

Bees as Oi-iisinients The Jewel-

er^s Circular for May contains some
remarks on the bees being the favorite for
ornamentation. It says :

Insects are introduced in many of the
corsage ornaments. The bee is, of course,
a favorite, being copied in diamonds and
rubies. In one, a long spray of wild roses,
imitated solidly in diamonds, there are at
least a half dozen bees. These do not rest
on the flower, but make a part of the com-
position, and can each be separated and be
used as a single ornament whenever de-
sired.

11^ The 15th annual meeting of the
American Association of Nurserymen,
which convenes at the Park Avenue Hotel,
New York City, June 4, promises to be a
notable event. Reduced fare has been
secured in all railroads east of Chicago, and
reduced prices also at the new fire-proof
hotel. For particulars, address Chas. A.
Green, Secretary, Rochester, N. Y.

IS" E. Drane & Son advertised in the
AMEBic.iN Bee Joukxal for a man to assist
in their apiary. They not only secured
such, but they say that they had abundance
of applications. That shows the value of
an announcement in our columns

Keep sin Apiary Account, in a

regular business way. It will be lots of
satisfaction at the close of the season to
know exactly how the bee and honey
account stands, without guesswork. To
this end, you should obtain an "Apiary
Register," a book gotten up for this very
purpose, as well as to keep track of your
Queens and Colonies. It devotes 2 pages
to each Colony, and a mere glance will give
you its complete history. The pages devo-
ted to finance are ruled for Receipts and
Disbursements, and being at the end of the
book, are always convenient for reference,
if properly kept. The book is strongly
bound in full leather, and for an Apiary of
100 colonies of bees, only costs $1.00, post-
paid. Get and use it, and you will not
regret it.

The Catalogue of Martin & Macy,
North Manchester, Ind., is on our desk.
Bees, Queens, Plants and Eggs.

.Movint; llees. — Many inquiries are
made by novices as to how to move the
bees short distances. Prof. A. J. Cook gave
his experience in this line in the New York
Tribune of April 30. He said :

If the bee-keeper wishes to move his col-
onies a short distance— less than half or
three-ciuarters of a mile— he may do so
with slight inconvenience.

While fixing our grounds last season, we
had to move ours twice, 8 or 10 rods. We
did this just at nightfall, after they were
done flying. The first day we moved about
half of them, taking each alternate colony.
In the new position we placed the entrance
facing the opposite direction from that of
its previous position. We also drove a
board into the ground just in front of the
entrance.

The new position of the hive as to points
of the compass, and the new object in
front of the hive, caused nearly all the bees-
to mark their new position and return to it.
The few that went back to the old place
joined the colonies still there, and sti-ength-
ened them. After the bees first moved had
had a good flight, we moved the others, at
similar time, and iu similar manner as
before, only leaving 4 colonies, one in each
quarter of the old place, to receive any
bees that might return. Soon these four
were moved, and so far as we could see,
we suffered no loss or inconvenience.

The point to be observed is so to change
the aspect about the hive that the bees
when they come out will note the new sur-
roundings sufficiently to charge their
memories; then they will come back to the
new home, and not to the old one. Chang-
ing from one open ground to a grove will
accomplish this.

Bees and Forests. — Bee-keepers are
now voicing their protests against the
destruction of forests, especially in the
originally heavily wooded districts of the
older States, for the reason that it means
the destruction of that great honey-bearing
tree, the linden or basswood. In many
localities that tree is the chief source of the
best honey, and bee-keepers there view
with justifiable alarm its probable early
annihilation. —Exchange.

1®^ George H. Knickerbocker, Piue
Plains, N. Y., has sent us his new Circular
of Italian Bees and Queens. With it comes
a nice little calendar for 1890. It is so
neat and convenient that we have it hung
up on our desk. No doubt that others will
do the same.

Alfalfa should be sown after settled
weather in the Spring, in drills about 8
inches apart. Cultivate or hoe oace to
keep it free froin weeds. When ju it be-
ginning to fiowermow it, to keep the ste:ns
from being woody. It takes about 15 or 30
pounds to the acre.

We want of Volume 2 of the
Amekican Bee JouRXAi— July, 1866, to
June, 1867. Any one having it for sale
may send us a postal card, saying what
he will take for it. Do not send any
numbers before we order them, for we only
need one set.

324

•TH® MMEMiC'Mi* mmm j@^RNat.

Xlie Passins of Winter.

The stoiTu winds blow, and drifts the snow,

But still the winter passes ;
And soon we know the flowers will show

Among the slender grasses.

For days are ileet, and violets sweet.

Like tender blue eyes peeping,
From 'neath our feet our gaze will meet,
, And set glad pulses leaping.

TThile daisies pied rank side by side

With buttercups so mellow ;
TVitb spendthrift pride, the meadows wide

They'll dot with white and yellow.

And, sad and sere, old Winter drear.

Back to his ken retreating,
Sends Spring-time here, to us so dear.

Our happiness completing.

—Yankee Bhiilc.

Ifees as Pollen Carriers.— From
the Hartford Courant of Friday, May 3,
1890, we copy the following editorial en-
titled "A Natural History Lesson :"

" We are indebted to Mr. James W.
€heney, of South Manchester, Ct., who has
lately returned from Europe, for a singu-
larly interesting letter upon bees from Mr.
Charles Beckiugton. It reads almost like a
romance, and every fanner ought to think
it ove." and follow its useful suggestions.

" Even the children know in a general
way that the bees are useful in spreading
pollen among bloom, but this is a detailed,
explicit statement of the work these insects
do and of its good results. Look at the
picture of the old fruit farm all revived by
merely setting up a few bee-hives. If
ue%er a a drop of honey was collected, still
the bees would be of the greatest useful-
■ness. by their patient way of laying up
sweetness beyond all their possible needs,
makes the direct result of their labors also
a source of profit.

"The bee is an animal that not only costs
nothing to keep, but pays its way as it
goes and helps the whole agricultural pro-
cess beside. The trees hold more fruit from
the fact that the bees have carried off the
honey ; the field crops yield better if the
bees have stolen the sweetness from their
plants, and the honey itself is a good crop,
beside."

Tue interesting letter mentioned is as
follows, and is well worth a perusal :

In September, 1888, Mr. E. Jobard, of
T>i.|(>n, in eastern France, published a small
l>.imphlet on the " Utility of Bees." This
pamphlet produced a wide-spread interest
among farmers and fruit-gi'owers ; and the
author was urged to amplify and popularize
liis views. This he has done in a neat little
Ti-olume, entitled "The First Hive."

ilr. Jobard left the home of his boyhood
in Haute-Marne in 1846, at which time
tie old homestead was a charming picture
of fruitful prosperity. He became the
owner of this old homestead 40 years after,

when it had become a depressing picture of
dilapidation and decay.

The main points of the preface to Mr.
Jobard's book are given below with some
paragraphs from his original pamphlet
added :

Returning to my native village after an
absence of 40 years, I was strongly im-
pressed with the sterility of the fruit trees.
There, where formerly the trees bent imder
loads of fruit, year after year, I now found
only stunted trees bearing less and still less
fruit, poor in form and flavor. In the
country I found the acquaintances and
friends of my youth grown old like myself;
and I expressed to them the painful im-
pression which I experienced in finding our
orchards once so productive, now fallen into
such a state of decay. All had observed the
same thing, and likewise agi'eed in declaring
that the evil had commenced taking dis-
quieting proportions about SO years before ;
but not one of these suspected the cause of
the evil.

Every spring the trees had blossomed
admirably, but autumn yields never justi-
fied the hopes raised. From the modest
home of my father, surrounded by a bit of
ground cultivated as an orchard and vine-
yard, the bee-house which existed when I
was young, had completely disappeared. I
was soon convinced that in the country
where there were once 500 colonies of bees,
there now remained not a single one, and
the same was true of the entire valley.

For some time I let no opportunity escape
of causing the farmers and fruit-growers to
understand that the disappearance of the
bees was the sole cause of this disaster. But
as I saw that my theories made but little
impression, I began to rebuild and supply
the old bee-house ; and with the very first
year I obtained a marvelous result.

In front of this bee-house there were 6
fruit trees, 4 plum, 1 apple, and 1 pear
tree. In the spring these were covered
with blossoms, as were all the other trees
in the country. Soon I saw the fruit take
form, and each day I led my friends to
observe the progi-ess. But, more incredu-
lous than St. Thomas, thej' refused abso-
lutely to attribute this phenomenon, so
visible, tangible and incontestable, to my
bees.

When the fruit began to mature, I saw
the branches of my trees assume shapes
which caused me uneasiness.

At one time I had thought of sustaining
them with props, as used to be done. But
finally I believed it to be better to carry
the trial to its very end. The result sur-
passed my hopes. The branches of my 4
plum trees broke one after another under
their burden. The disaster was so com-
plete that these trees were entirely ruined.
I was obliged to have them replaced with
others towards the end of autumn. As to
my apple tree and pear tree, as I could not
allow myself to sacrifice them, I propped
them thoroughly, and with great care, just
in time to save them. This practical dem-
onstration produced the effect I hoped, and
all my friends promised to imitate my
example. It was then I conceived the
Ijroject of grouping in a few pages all the
interesting facts, which tend to prove the
fertilizing action of bees, in order that I
might complete the conversion of my
neighbors.

The following paragraphs, taken from
the pamphlet on the " Utility of Bees,"
indicate the beneficial influence of bees
upon growing wheat :

There are some districts in Saxony,
where the farmers raise no other crops
than wheat, and a wheat of such superior
quality as to be always sold at a high price

as seed wheat. In these districts all farm-
ers, without exception, have bee-houses,
but these bee-houses, instead of being fixed,
are mounted on wheels. Some days before
the wheat blooms, each farmer hitches his
team to his movable bee-house, and con-
ducts it during the night into the middle of
his wheat field.

Taking dinner one day at Velaro with
several farmers, I narrated this fact, when
Mr. Genelot, a farmer of Failly, exclaimed :
" Well, then, that is why my finest wheat is
always found near my bee hive, and the
diS'erence is so marked that ever since I
have been at Faill}', it is uniformly that
wheat which I select for seed-wheat."

Some time after, writing to the Abbe
Terrasse, I mentioned this custom of the
Saxon farmers, which had been communi-
cated to me by Mr. Weber, of the Dijon
botanical garden, and this explanation of
Mr. Genelot. In a reply soon after re-
ceived, the Abbe conveyed the following
confirmatory statement: 'On Sunday last,
receiving a visit from the Mayor of Lan-
gues, I explained to him what was done in
certain districts in Saxony, as written by
you, on the statement of Mr. Weber. He
exclaimed immediately, as did your worthy
farmer of Velaro : ' I have a bee-house in
the middle of a field, and it is always the
field surrounding my bee-houses which
furnishes my seed-wheat.' "

The testimony supplied by Mr. Jobard,
as to the beneficial effects of bees upon
grape vines, fruit-trees, and fruit-bearing
trees generally, is more abundant and
equally remarkable.

The Abbe Terrasse writing to Mr. Jobard
in August, 1888, says :

My venerated associate of Ninville, an
ardent lover of bees, placed in 1883, some
hives of bees inside of his walled garden,
where for 30 years, thrifty fi-uit trees per-
sisted, in spite of intelligent care, in
refusing to bear fruit. Now, starting from
this introduction of bees, pears and apples
abounded as by enchantment upon these
trees heretofore unproductive.

In the village of A., Mr. J. possesses an
orchard lying oft' by itself in the midst of a
plain. Every year he gathers fruit in such
abundance as to provoke the jealousy of
his neighbors less favored than he, and who
rafck their brains in searching all sorts of
causes for this exceptional abundance.
They do not observe that it is the bee-house
vei-y near to the orchard which produces
this marvel.

The Abbe then adds :

This then is a principle, from now on
incontestable, that bees exercise an influ-
ence, I will say a neressary influence, in
the perfect floral fertilization of fruit trees,
cereals, buckwheat, colza, artificial mead-
ows, etc.

The above is additional testimony to the
gi'eat benefit which bees do to growing
crops and fi'uit-trees. We have before
written much on this subject, and now
have gi-eat pleasure in giving the foregoing
article in corroboration of the testimony
we have before presented. The Courant
containing it, was marked and sent to us
by one of our readers, but we do not
know who it was, or we would give the
name.

l^ Dr. G. L. Tinker's Circular and Price
List is on our desk. His specialty is Syrio-
Albino Queens and Bees.

'rmm mwimmicmT^ mmm j&i3MnRiu.

325

Queries % Reflies,

Sidc-Storin^ir — Enaiiicletl CIolli
Over the Frames.

Wrlttc7ifor tlie American Bee Journal

QuEHV 707. — I use a home-made Lang-
stroth hive holding 9 frames. My locality
is not a good one for honey — In pounds per
colony is a good average yield, and often
10 or 12 pounds is all we get. 1. Would
not side-storing be preferable in a case like
this, as the expense of supers, honey-boards,
and the annoyance of brace-combs would
be dispensed with, and two wide frames at
the side would hold about all the surplus?

2. By using enameled cloth over the
frames, could these wide frames at the side
be manipulated without disturbing the
brood-nest ? — Mississippi.

1. No, never. — Dadant & Son.

1. I should prefer top-storing, in any
ease. 2. Yes. — A. J. Cook.

1. In your case it will work all right. 3.
Yes. — H. D. Clttixg.

1. 1 am a firm believer in hives with up-
ward storing capacity. 3. Yes. — J. M.
Hameaugh.

Perhaps it would, but I do not feel com-
petent to advise in such a case. — Eugene
Secor.

1. I think not. 2. The brood-nest need
not be much disturbed, as the frames can
remain covered. — M. Maiiin.

1. Perhaps it would. 3. Yes, if rightly
managed, either with or without enameled
cloth.— R. L. Taylor.

1. If your average yield is 15 pounds per
colony, I should say that your hive is too
large, and I should prefer supers to side-
storing. 3. Not if there is brood in the
combs next to the wide frames. — A. B.

M.iSON.

1. Try it. I should, in your case, use
top-storing in preference to side-storing.

3. Yes. A covering of burlap is just as
good as the enameled cloth.— J. P. H.
Brown.

I do not know. It would seem that it
would hardly pay to keep bees in such a
poor locality. But why not experiment,
and see. — C. H. Dibbern.

I should prefer the surplus room on top,
but fairly good honey can be secured as
you propose. A trial of the two plans will
tell you which you like best. — G. M. Doo-

LITTLE.

I have never been much in favor of the
side-storing plan, and my advice to you is,
if you dij try it— go slow. — Will M.Barnujl

I think that it would be preferable to a
case with one-pound sections, honey-board,
etc. But why not use the "family box,"
which is composed of 7 two-pound sections,
fastened together with two strips, and
glazed at both ends.— Mrs. L. Harrison.

1. Side-storing may do to start, but I am
not sure that any one gets comb honey
finished well except on top. 3. It would
disturb very little. I think that I should
prefer extracting, and then if they did not
average more than 15 pounds to the col-
ony, I would quit the business. — C. C.
Miller.

1. I do not think that side-storing would
be preferable in any case, and the extra
labor caused would, I think, more than off-

set all the claims made here. 2. To some
extent, but nut entirely. Such a locality as
you descrilie would seem better fitted for
extracted honey, than for comb honey. — J.
E. Pond.

The beekeeper who attempts to produce
comb honey without resorting to some of
the methods of contracting the brood cham-
ber while the liees are storing, will meet
with partial or complete failure in any
locality. The successful producing of
comb honey has become a science, and
requires not only a properly-constructed
hive, but skill in tlie management of it.
The place to get comb honey to advantage,
is above the brood, always. — G. L. Tinker.

1 . In answering your question, I would
like to know if you fully understand mod-
ern bee-culture and honey-producing. From
your question, I infer that you do not. It
will not pay to keep bees in a locality such
as you describe. Side-storing is the poorest
of all methods, because bees instinctively
store their surplus above their brood. Side-
storing will do better if the frames are
worked crosswise of the entrance, and the
wide frames with sections given a place
back of the brood-combs. 2. You can use
enameled quilts, and, by folding them for-
ward, lift out the wide frames without in-
terfering with the brood-nest. But by
using a section-case on top of the brood-
chamber, no honey-board or excluder is
necessary, as in your locality you will need
but one case to each hive, and have no
tiering to do. — G. W. Demaree.

No ; do not use a side-storing hive under
any consideration. In such a case as yours,
I would quit the business, or move into a
better locality. However, if for some rea-
son best known to myself, I did not propose
to do so, I would make Langstroth hives
about 12 frames wide, and extract at the
side ; but I would lift the frames out at the
top, for very many reasons which space
forbids mentioning here. — James Heddon.

1. Side-storing, except for getting the
bees started in the sections, is out of date
now. The sections are much more readily
finished when placed over the breeding
apartment ; in fact it is difficult to get
them finished up when on the side of the
brood chamber. 3. If there is brood in the
frame next to the wide frames, you could
not manipulate them without disturbing
the bees.— The Editor.

Woolittle on <(ueen-Rearing;'.

Queens can be reared in the upper stories
of hives used for extracted honey, where a
queen-excluding honey-board is used, which
are as good, if not superior, to Queens
reared by any other process ; and that, too,
while the old Queen is doing duty below,
just the same as though Queens were not
being reared above. This is a fact, though
it is not generally known.

If you desire to know how this can be
done — how to have Queens fertilized in up-
per stories, while the old Queen is laying
below — how you may safely introduce any
Queen, at any time of the year when bees
cay fly — all about the different races of
bees — all about shipping Queens, queen-
cages, candy for queen-cages, etc. — all
about forming nuclei, multiplying or unit-
ing bees, or weak colonies, etc. ; or, in fact
everything about the queen-business which
you may want to know, send for"Doolit-
tle's Scientific Queen-Rearing;'' a book of
170 pages, which is nicely bound in cloth,
and as interesting as a story. Price, $1.00.

BEE-HIVES.

A Coiisidvraliuii or l..art:e Hives
VM. Small HivcN.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY CIIAS. DADANT.

Ill the article written uudcr tlii.s
heading, on page 215, Mr. Donlittle
.shows that he has never tried the large
frames, as he does not know how to
manage them.

When I came to America, 27 years
ago,I had already kept bees in France,
and I was (piite sure that bees well
cared for would give good results. To
reach this end, I spared neither work
nor experiments. My means were
scant, I had a family to support, and
I resolved to rely on bees for it.

Four dift'erent frames were at that
time in vogue, viz : The Langstroth,
the suspended Quinby (both long hori-
zontally) ; the American, and the
Gallup (both square), the Gallup being-
the smallest of all. Before testing
them comparatively,! was prepossessed
in favor of the American frame, as the
hives which I used in France had their
frames of about the same shape and
dimensions. Yet, after reading the
books of Langstroth and Quinby, I re-
solved to try their hives in comparison
with my square or American hive.

Knovving that experiments in bee-
culture made on one or two hives, and
during one or two years, are not re-
liable, for there are many causes
which may alter the results, I put one
or two scores of each kind side by side
in the same apiary, and after giving
them the same care, I reached the
conclusion that the best results were
obtained with the Quinby hive en-
larged to 11 frames.

A little later, I reared queens for
sale, and, dissatisfied with the small
nuclei with frames 6 inches square, I
contrived to make some of my Quinby
frames divisible in two, and 1 made 25
small hives large enough to hold 11 of
these half frames.

The size of these half frames was not
far from the size of the Gallup. As it
was an easy matter to give to these
nuclei either brood or honey, or both,
taken from my large Quinby hives —
for I had put in most of them a few of
these divisible frames — my nuclei were
comparatively strong in the fall, es-
pecially as I used to unite with others,
those of which I had sold the queens
late in the season.

I had no trouble in wintering these
nuclei ; but, in the spring, I was un-
able, even with the greatest care, to

326

rtmm mvmmmiQMM mmM j@^MifMi*.

bring any of them to the average
strength of the colony in my large
Quinbv hives. These experiments were
continued for about 10 years with the
same results. When these diminutive
hives had brood in 5 combs in the
spring, my large hives had 5 or 6 also,
of their large ones, or more than twice
as much.

I see that Mr. Doolittle experiences
the same difficulties with his Gallup
hive, for he writes thus in his paraph-
let, "The Hive 1 Use," on page 8 :

From practical experience I find that It
takes about 6 weeks to build up an ordinary
colony in the spring, to where they are
ready to produce houey tt) the best advan-
tage ; so I commence to stimulate brood-
rearing about the first of May At this

time I find, as a rule, each good colony will
have brood in 4 or 5 combs, the 2 center
combs containing the largest amount. I
now reverse the position of these combs of
brood, by placing those on the outside in
the center of the brood-nest, which brings
the combs having the most brood, on the
outside.

Mr. Doolittle performs the same
•work every week for 6 weeks, and,
about June 10, all the 9 frames of his
small hives are full of brood.

At the annual convention of bee-
keepers held at Rochester, N. Y., last
February, Mr. Doolittle said that " he
once hatl a queen that filled 32 combs
with brood." As 9 combs of a Gallup
hive contain, according to Mr. Doo-
little, 44,800 bees hatching every 21
days, the 32 combs had 154,880 cells
occupied with brood, the queen having
laid 7,320 eggs every day.

I wonder how many times ever}'
week Mr. Doolittle has reversed the
small combs of this colony to obtain
such a laying before the honey crop. I
wonder, even more, why he now re-
strains the capacity of his queens to
2,133 eggs daily, to get the best results,
especially when I read that the colony
with 32 combs gave him 566 pounds of
hone}". 1 have never seen such a pro-
digious laying, although I use vei-y
large hives. It seems to me that such
a gootl crop would have increased, in-
stead of lessened, my preference for
the large hives.

Our management with these large
hives is quite the reverse of that of Mr.
Doolittle with his small ones. As he
does not like to see his young bees eat
too much honey, he contracts the
brood-chamber as soon as the crop
begins. Not only would it be impos-
sible for us to do the same, for our
large hives are too much crowded with
bees, but we know that if we want
•workers in time for the white clover
bloom, we ought to prepare our bees
during the previous summer ; conse-
quently we do not take honey from the
bi-ood-chaniber, and we give to our
queens a full sway.

Of course, with our management,
our colonics are more populous in

winter ; the laying begins earlier ; as
the cluster of bees on our large combs
warms a wider space, the queens lay
at least twice as much as in a Gallup
conib ; and our spacious hives ai'e full
of brood and bees at least one month
previous to the white clover crop.
Therefore, all the defects of large
hives, as enumerated by Mr. Doolittle,
exist only in imagination.
Hamilton, Ills.

FOUL BROOD.

melliods for Eradicating
Foul Bee.Disorder.

this

Written tor the Americm Bee Journal
BY C. J. EOBINSON.

On page 292, inquiry is made about
foul brood — "What is the best thing
to radicate it from a yard ?"

Foul brood is not a " disease," but it
is an abnormal condition of bee-brood
in its chrysalis stage, occasioned by
fermentation, which, in all cases, is
followed by a change of properties in
the substance fermented, arising from
new combination of their principles.
The grub-brood is not made sick, for
the ferment virus kills outright, as
promptly as a deadly bullet or the
lightning bolt.

All chrysalis grubs are pronely fer-
mentable, and when certain conditions
are present, fermentation occurs spon-
taneously, and these conditions happen
frequently in changeable climates; cold
damp, followed by heat, is dangerous,
because bacteria or microbes are gen-
erated wherever the conditions are
favorable for fermentation.

When this peculiar fermentation en-
sues, it becomes contagious, attacking
all matter like that in which it origi-
n.ated, and spreading through all of
the mass touched by the virus — " a
little leaven leavens the whole," but
the fei-ment does not affect the difler-
cnt matter — it does not aftect imago
bees.

To prevent the spread of infectious
matter is the question. To burn "bees,
hives and fixings " would be getting
rid of so much of the virus-matter, but
it would not be certain that all the
virus would be burned. An invisible
quantity might be left somewhere
about the "yard," and in some way
come in contact with brood. Then,
to follow the way adopted, another
"grand illumination" must be had.
True, it amounts to more or less
"fussing" to eradicate foul brood;
and 1 would need to " fuss" consider-
able to get another lot of hives, bees
and fixings.

Foul brood can be eradicated by
means of fermentative re-agents (an-
tiseptics and disinfectants) which kill

the organism that initiate the process
of putrefaction, and the reason why
these agents are efiicacious is, either
that the presence of the chemical re-
agents prevents the development of
further spores into a state of maturity,
or else that they kill each organism as
it is developed ; the spores themselves
are not necessarily killed by such re-
,agents, but immediately they develop
into the matured state, they are de-
stroyed.

Some of the re-agents, such as
corrosive-sublimate, behave as direct
poisons to the organisms, and yet
others render the medium of the or-
ganisms unfit for their further exis-
tence and development, so that they
die off in consequence.

In the practical employment of these
re-agents, corrosive-sublimate is the
most efl'ectual, but it acts solely as a
poison, and destroys vitality because it
is excessively virulent. One part sub-
limate to 1,000 parts of -water, is safe
to use, and, if properly applied to foul
brood (spraying the aftected combs —
all the combs in the hive, thoroughly)
the foul is cooked. A stronger solu-
tion of sublimate is more eflfectual, and
safe, perhaps.

There are several other re-agents
less poisonous — carbolic acid, salicylic
acid, and other auti-ferments. The
re-agents should be put in contact with
the foul or putrifying bi'ood, and if
applied to all the combs, all of the
foul matter becomes killed, and the
bees that chance to get virus on their
feet or mandibles, will be likely to
come in contact with the agent thus
become harmless.

Some bee-keepers suppose that sali-
cylic acid is given bees to swallow as a
dose of medicine. If worker-bees
should feed on honey or pollen charged
with the fermentive virus, then they
would void the brood-poison ; but this
seldom, if ever, occurs. Those who
deal with foul or putrid brood, can use
the re-agents that their judgment or
fancy dictates.
Richford, N. Y.

BEE-KEEPING.

A Brief

Olanre at It§
Its Future.

Past and

Read at the

BY PRES.

Ohio State Convention

H. R. BOARDMAN.

I began bee-keeping in a very mod-
erate way, and with hives and fixtures
of a very crude patteru, and built up
gradually and cautiously for many
years before I considered myself any-
thing like a specialist.

During all of the years that I was
"feeling my way," as it were, buying
new hives and supplies of every de-

Tmm M^mmmiemM mmw j&u^nmi^.

327

scription that go to make and build up
the apiary, I always Insisted that the
bees must pay their way each year,
even in the poorest seasons. Evcui
when I bought bees — which I some-
times did — it was with the expectation
tliat the surplus from sucli colonies
would pay back the purchase money
at the end of the season.

Improvement in everything pertain-
ing to bee-culture has kept pace with
the inventions and improvements in
the other industries. .1 have endeav-
ored to keep well up with the times in
the use of every useful invention or
improvement for the apiary ; and it
would be only reasonable for me to
expect my honey-production to keep
pace with the means employed. But
it is a little humiliating to have to
"own up," that with all tlie useful
help that ingenuity and invention have
given us, my honey-yield has been
diminishing each year, and this is the
universal experience of Ohio bee-keep-
ers. The result, of the three seasons
previous to the last, could be fitly ex-
pressed thus: " Poor, poorer, poor-
est ;" and the last season has culmi-
nated in failure, or very nearly so.
This demonstrates clearer than any
argument, that hives and fixtures,
however ingenious or useful in their
way, do not produce honey.

In view of the foregoing, let me ask
the representatives of the bee-keeping
industry of Ohio, What is the question
that interests us as bee-keepers more
than all others ? Is it the style of hive
that we shall use ? The race of bees
that we shall keep ? Is it reversible
hives, T supers, or thick top-bars ? Is
it bee-escapes, drone-traps, queen-
cages, hone}'-boards,or bottom-boards?
Is it all, or any, of these and a hundred
and one other useful things? No! it
is, How shall we be able to secure a
crop of honey, or even a certainty of
an increase in the yield ? I think that
you will agree with me that this is a
question worth your consideration.

Once I thought that just the right
style of hive would give me the key to
success. I have worked out a hive
that satisfies me in every respect. It
has not increased, for me, the produc-
tion of honej'. I said, " Perhaps the
yellow bees are the thing to make suc-
cess complete." I procured a j-ellow
queen from Sunny Italy, and tilled my
hives with yellow bees, and still my
coffers were not fllled.

Then the wintering problem came
to the front, and I snid : If I only
could winter my bees successfully and
certainly, I would surely be on the
high road to fortnne. The Increase of
my colonies each year would enable
me to increase and extend my apiaries
all over northern Ohio, until they were
numbered by hundreds, and the help I

would employ would be as numerous
as the workers in one of my colonics.
This great system of apiaries should be
known as — let mo see — " Northern
Ohio and Lake Erie Apiaries." I
should have a special agent in all of
our principal cities, whose exclusive
business it would be to sell the best
and choicest honey the world could
produce, from the "Northern Ohio and
Lake Erie Apiaries." I would be able
to "fare sumptuously every day," and
the banks would bo plethoric with my
lucre.

Successful wintering is, with me, no
longer a problem. I have learned to
winter my bees as successfully as I
could desire, and yet my apiaries are
not numbered by hundreds, nor are
the banks plethoric with my lucre. But
like the ever tempting waters around
the thirst-tortured Tantalus, Fortune
has kept provokingly just beyond my
reach.

The notable changes affecting the
honey-yield, are the destruction of the
forest trees, by the advance of civiliza-
tion— more especially the basswood
and whitewood, or tulip trees — both
prolific in nectar for the bees. This
destruction, especially of the basswood,
bee-keepers are thoughtlessly helping
on, by the use of supplies made from
that timber.

I do not feel warranted in attributing
the shortage in the honey crop en-
tirely to this cause, as there are always
two conditions necessary during the
season for honey-gathering, after we
have got the workers ready for the
field, viz : Abundance of hone3'-pro-
ducing bloom, aud favorable weather
— and the most important is the
weather, for with unfavorable weather,
bees may, and indeed sometimes do,
starve and die in the hives, while the
breezes waft the fragrance of the nec-
tar-laden flowers in at their " doors."

The most important conditions,
then, the weather, is one over which
we have no control. There is in the
West, a vast domain where these two
favorable conditions nearly always ex-
ist during the honey season, whei'e
almost perpetual sunshine and un-
bounded bloom combine to make it a
" bee-keepers' paradise."

It is where artificial irrigation is
substituted for the natural rainfall —
where the alfalfa clover grows in lux-
uriance. I predict for those neglected
desert plains, future possibilities for
the bee-keeper yet undreamed of. In
the not very far distant future, if I am
not greatly mistaken, this land will
literally " flow with milk and honey."
To the young bee-keeper, with high
aspirations, I would point to this vast
and undeveloped domain, and repeat
Horace Greeley's advice^" Go West,
young man."

But as we are not all expected to
accept this advice, we must turn our
attention to the other necessary con-
dition for honey-gathering — the flora —
aud strive to improve our honey-yield
through its means alone, and take our
chances with the weather. But as
" Bee-Forage " is a special topic on the
programme, I will only say, in conclu-
sion, that I would recommend careful
and patient experiment with the
alfalfa clover by liee-keepers. It may
yet find congenial soil in Ohio — it cer-
tainly grows in luxuriance much further
North. We have, at all events, a very
near relation of this olover,and equally
as good for honey, I am certain — it
grows luxuriantly on all kinds of soil,
even on our hardest, poorest clay — it
is the much-talked-of sweet clover. I
am deeply interested in this plant. I
have hopes of seeing farms devoted to
its cultivation expresslj' for its honey,
aud with patient experience I should
expect to see its luxuriant foliage
finally turned into beef and the dairy
products.

East Townsend, Ohio.

PAINTING HIVES.

Is Time and Material AVastcd in
Painting Bec-Hive§ ?

Wi-itten fur the American Bee Journal

BY W. L. BACKENSTO.

On account of sickness and bad
weather I have not as yet made a start
in bee-keeping, but I am still working
to that end. But since the receipt of
the Bee Journal for March 29, I have
been in somewhat of a quandary as to
the advisability of painting my hives,
as on page 217 Mr. C. Theilraann's e.K-
perience of 15 years has convinced
him that unpainted hives are the best ;
and now comes Prof. Cook, on page
260, who in a certain souse agrees with
Mr. Theilmann. Now, if unpainted
hives are the best, I do not wish to
waste the time or material in painting
my hives.

As regards the ventilation of hives,
Mr. Theilmann's theory, which he says
he has proven by 15 years' experience,
may stand good in that altitude, where
long cold winters and a great amount
of rain prevail ; but in an altitude like
this of Colorado, where we have
months of dry 'weather with scarcely a
drop of rain, and the winters (except
in the mountains) are not severe, but
on the contrary very mild, I think that
part of his argument in respect to ven-
tilating hives is not applicable here.

In respect to the durability of hives
painted, or not painted, I think that
Mr. Theilmann must enjoy the pleas-
ure of a nice, comfortable and commo-

828

TMB mmMMl^MM MWB JQ^^MlfSI^.

^*-^*-^*'^*^^-'

•■'■^^^^^^^'

dious bee-house, where his hives have
been in out of the weather for 15 years.
Novv I never had much experienoe in
keeping bees, but I have seen a great
many hives that other people liept
bees in — some painted, and others not
— those that were not painted, or that
the original paint had all been worn
off by the weather — and it always im-
pressed me in a very forcible manner,
that the owner was not fully up to his
business, or was careless, and was
losing money by not keeping his hives
thoroughly painted. I formed my
conclusions from these facts — I noticed
that the unpainted hives were full of
season-checks (or cracks), that the
corners of the hives were pulled apart,
and, in a great many cases, the boards
were warped, and where they were
not, they were falling out.

As I understand it, the bees stop up
all the cracks and open places in the
hive that they can get at, with propolis;
and as it takes time to collect the pro-
polis, and more time to apply it to the
damaged places in the bee's home,
when, if the bees so employed would
very probably, if collecting honey,
gather enough to more than pay for
keeping the hives painted, after once
being painted, to say nothing about
portions of the hives having to be re-
placed, having become so full of
cracks, and so badly warped as to be
of no further use.

I write this for information, more
than anything else, and I hope to see
more on the subject in the Bee Jour-
NAX, from practical bee-keepers.

Denver, Colo., April 24, 1890.

BEE-CULTURE,

Will It Pay?— The Terrible
Kentucky Cyclone.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY G. W. DEMAREE.

How often this question has been
discussed, I could not venture to say,
but I have seldom seen it discussed in
print in its proper sphere and under
proper comparison.

Bee-culture is a branch of agricul-
ture ; it is a rural pursuit, and in com-
puting profits, the comparison must be
drawn between it and kindred pur-
suits. The matter of capital and all
risks must be considered. Looking at
the matter in this light — its legitimate
light — I say, without any hesitation,
Oee-cuUure jjai/s.

Do some men fail to make bee-cul-
ture pay ? Certainly they do, and
quite a "some" of them fail, and
would fail at almost anything else.
Some men lack energy, and fail for
want of "push;" they are slow, and

let the opportunities slip. Others are
visionary, and push their business to
destruction. But the man or woman
who is willing to study, work and wait,
can and will succeed.

Bee-culture is not a royal highway
to wealth — all who immagine such a
thing, will be disappointed. It co"mes
under that class of industries that only
bring a comfortable living. Cast about
you and see how many hundreds of
families barely make a support. A
little sickness, a little drouth, a little
mishap, brings them to want. When
you stand here and ask. " Does bee-
culture pay ?" the answer is " Yes ;"
but if you stand in " Wall Street," in
the banking house, in the halls of
merchandise, or if 3-ou walk in the
great farming districts where great
farm-houses are to be seen surrounded
by broad acres of waving grain, and
sleek cattle browsing the grass-carpet-
ed fields beside pools of cool waters,
the vision pales, and bee-culture
dwindles to a little business.

We must judge everything from a
proper stand-point, if we would arrive
at proper conclusions. To make bee-
culture pay, we must learn the busi-
ness, and we must learn to be econo-
mists ; good, plain hives and fixtures,
as cheap as is consistent with utilitj'.
with as little expense as possible con-
sistent with ready supplies, which
means avoid all expensive patent hives
and patent devices that are untried, or
that promise nothing for the extra
price set on them. Good fixtures and
plenty of supplies to meet all the needs
of the apiary, will always paj' ; but the
apiarist who fails to judge rightly in
this respect, will fail in the end.

NEW BEE-DEVICES — EXCLUDERS.

Move cautiou.sly here. I tried a few
perforated queen-excluders at the start,
and learned how to manipulate them ;
then I added more of them, till I have
a supply, anti yet they are not used in-
discriminately in my apiar}*. To use
them profitably, they should not be
used blindly, but used only where
needed, and when needed. I have not
the space here to point out how and
when to use the excluders to the best
advantage — a little experiment will
aid the apiarist to use the excluders to
the best advantage ; 1 only add here
that the best and cheapest excluder is
a plain sheet of perforated-zinc, framed
with wood. The wood-and-zinc ex-
cluder is clums}', and nearly impossible
to keep clean, besides it costs more
than the full-sheet excluder.

THE SWAEM-HIVER.

This is not as new a device as some
seem to think, but this matters not —
Will it work ? is the great question. 1
have experimented largely in the past
with swarms, and the tendency of the

swarm to return to the old hive has
been so stronglj- marked that I am
prepared in advance to say that the
" swarm-hiver " will never be auto-
matic in its performance. Only a part
of the swarm will go into the new hive
with the queen ; and if the old hive
must be opened, and the swarm re-
plenished therefrom, nothing will be
gained over the clipped-wing plan.

THE BEE-ESCAPE.

Perhaps I am the "daddy" of the
bee-escape, though no doubt some
will be ready to smile at the hint. By
referring to page 333, of the American
Bee Journal for 1881, it will be seen
that 1 exhibited a bee-escape at the
National Convention held at Lexing-
ton, Kj'., in 1881. The committee
does not call it a " bee-escape," but
the model had "Bee-Escape" printed
on it. I still have the model in my
collection of bee-traps.

John S. Reese, however, first applied
the device to the inside of the hive.
Mr. Reese and myself have been in
communication with each other for
several years, and the first 1 ever
heard of the application of the device
to the inside of the hive was in a com-
munication from Mr. Reese. He sent
me a model at first of his cone device,
and afterwards of his horizontal de-
vice.

Well, now, I have experimented as
largely with bee-escapes as any other
bee-beeper, having used them in every
conceivable form as an outlet to my
" dark closet," and also in the hive,
since Mr. Reese made the suggestion
to me, and in my opinion the horizon-
tal device will never work reliably, as
does the perpendicular device. Bees
do not move as promptly iu the dark
through a liorizontal pass-way as they
do in a perpendicular direction. Time
will show if I am right in thus con-
cluding.

the great cyclone in KENTUCKY.

Though grand and appalling outside
of the cyclone, on March 27, it did no
great damage except to fences and
other light structures. My apiary was
not injured, though it looked consid-
erabl}' wrecked. Many of the hives
were unroofed, but the bee-glue held
the upper stories in place. How is that
for square-joint hives ?

The cyclone passed west of this
place, but it was quite near enough to
send out a terrific sound like great
freight-trains running at full speed in
the upper regions. From where I
stood, I could see the cyclone battling
with the opposing forces as it would
swing down in the form of an inverted
cone, from the great storm-cloud, fill-
ing the upper regions with a hollow,
unearthly, indescribable sound. Night
had just clothed the earth in darkness.

T'HK mmimmicmM be® joi^RNStiL.

329

and the electric displaj- beggars all
description. All Nature seemed to
vomit lire, aud the heavens and the
earth blazed incessantly till no mortal
I'je conld bear the sight.

Whenever the whirling monster
toiiclied tlie earth, nothing could with-
stanil its force. Mj' friend and coiin-
trj-mau, Mr. Ed. Drane, has already
reported (.see pages 253 and 275) the
damage done to the fine Drane blue-
grass farm ; but he has told the story
with characteristic modesty. In fact,
the wreck was indescribable.

Christiansburg, Ky.-

BEE-IMPLEMENTS.

HiveiS, Supers, Extractors, Scales,
Hivins-Baskct, etc.

Bead at the Newaygo Co,, Mich., Convention
BY WM. E. GOULD.

The purpose of this essaj' is to de-
scribe the hive and implements which
I use and prefer. One of the first
questions to confront the beginner in
bee-keeping is. Which is the best hive
for all purposes ?

In a climate like ours, I prefer the
chatr hive and out-door wintering.
Right here allow me to state, that in
all my experience as a bee-keeper, I
have lost only one colon}' in winter-
ing. I believe that 2 inches of good
chaft" all around the brood-nest is sufli-
cient. Wheat chaff, or straw that has
been cut up short, is the best packing.
The brood-chamber should be 12f
inches wide, and contain 9 Langstroth
frames. In the 8-frame hive the brood-
chamber should be 11 inches wide.

Now why should we use the Lang-
stroth frame ? I have used a different
frame in a few hives which, on some
accounts, I prefer to the Langstroth
frame ; but I shall use tlie Langstroth
frame because it is the "standard."
Ten Langstroth frames are used to one
of any other size.

In the past I have made hives and
roofed them with narrow ship-lapped
slats. These soon leaked. Then I
tried ship-lapped siding with the pitch
of the roof steeper. This worked bet-
ter. When the siding was of good
qualit}-, and the roof well painted, it
did not leak. But in the future I shall
use tin for roofing. It costs much
more, but it makes a water-proof roof.
Were I to use a single-walled hive, I
should prefer the dovetailed hive, in
connection with the T-super.

SUPERS FOR HONEY.

I have used several styles of section-
cases. The one that I prefer is what
is known as the "T-super." The in-
.side measurement of this should be

4|xl2txl7f inches. I prefer the bee-
space to bo at the top. For a cover, I
use a thin board cleated at the ends.
This super will aitcomniodate 2-inch
sections witli separators, or the l|-inch
sections without separators. Separa-
tors should be used with sections that
are more than Ij inches wide. I pre-
fer to use the 1 5-inch sections without
separators. Almost any size of sections
may be used.

I would not advise any one to use
more than one width. Sections should
be I'emoved c?» masse. To do this, in-
vert the super, loosen the sections
from the side of tlie crate with a thin-
bladed knife, and the super can be
easily lifted from the sections. I use
the tins both above and below.

The super for extracted honey should
contain 12 Langstroth fraiues, spaced
IJ inches from center to center. There
is much discussion in regard to the use
of a honey-board between the brood-
nest and the extracting super ; I seldom
use one. The presence of a little brood
in the combs need not interfere with
extracting, while I think its presence
encourages the bees ; but if a honey-
board is used, there is no danger of
losing the queen when extracting.

I should always use a honey-board
between the brood-nest and the sec-
tion-cases. I prefer the slatted queen-
excluding honey-board. I like the
sheet-zinc "board," but it should be
bound with wood, so as to give the
proper bee-spaces.

THE HONEY EXTRACTOR AND KNIFE.

There should be room enough below
the revolving basket for at least 100
pounds of honey. With the extractor
we should have a good uucapping-can
— so constructed that the caps fall on
a wire screen, and all the honey is
drained from them. Enough honey
will be saved in this waj' in an ordi-
nary season to pay forthe can, and the
honey is the best qualitj', too.

The Bingham honey-knife has no
equal. When extracting, it is a good
plan to keep a dish filled with warm
water where the knife can be kept in
it when not in use. A warm knife
will take off the caps without tearing
down the cells ; especially is this a
help in cool weather.

THE SOLAR ■WAX-EXTRACTOR.

As fast as the wax accumulates, I
place it in the solar wax-extractor, and
the heat of the sun soon converts it
into a marketable shape. Perhaps I
should explain that the extractor is
covered with glass, aud a bright tin
reflector is so placed as to throw the
rays of the sun upon the glass. The
interior of the extractor may, in this
way, be heated above the boiling-point.
But so much heat should not be used
in rendering wax. Wax rendered by

the solar wax-extractor is more salable,
and will bring several cents per pound
more than wax that is rendered by
artificial heat.

STOKING EXTRACED HONEY — SCALES.

For storing extracted honey, I use a
large extractor-can. This has a honey-
guage, and is very convenient when
tilling glass receptacles, in fact when
filling any small glass receptacles.
Lard cans, which can be got at any
grocery, are very good and cheap for
storing honej' in. They are not con-
venient for filling smaller receptacles.

Every bee-keeper should have a pair
of accurate scales. I would recom-
mend those that weigh over 250 pounds,
and that have a beam for taking oft
the tare.

Every bee-keeper should have a
hand-pump which can be used in a
common pail. By its use in swarming
time, each swarm can be driven where
you wish it to alight.

A SWARM-HIVING BASKET.

For taking down swarms from the
tree, I use a bushel basket which is
nailed on the top of a ten-foot pole.
Most of mj' swarms alight in apple-
trees, and I can take them down while
standing on the ground. I have
another pole of the same length, with
an iron hook fastened on one end. I
stand the basket so as to be in under
the cluster, and with the other pole I
shake the bees into the basket. As
soon as they are quiet, I carry them to
the hive that I wish them to enter, and
shake them on a paper which I have
spread before the hive. Usually they
enter readil}'.

CARNIOLANS.

Best Race of Bees for llie Sierra
STevada IMoiiiitains.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY S. L. WATKINS.

After the past very hard winter, a
great many bees have been lost in the
northern counties of California, es-
pecially the counties where the snow
fell to a depth of 15 or 20 feet.

Where Carniolan bees were kept,
they wintered splendidly, thus proving
the hardiness of this race, especially
where long confinement was necessary.
They seem to be the best adapted to
this climate. Their quietness in win-
ter is a good point in their favor.

Some bee-keepers claim that their
swarming propensities are a serious
drawback against this race ; others,
that as soon as the queen is gone, lay-
ing workers immediately take posses-
sion. I have had considerable experi-
ence with this race of bees — have

330

'F-mm MMEKICMlf BB® JQjWKIfSlU.

bought queeus from some of the best
breeders in America, and they all
turned out well. I can build up a
Carniolan colony larger, and keep it
so, better than I can an Italian colonj'.
As regards laying workers, I have not
been troubled with them, and I reared
in the neighborhood of 300 queens,
too, from this race.

Below is an extract from a letter
written on April 15, that I received
from G. W. Cover, of Downieville,
Calif. — a man whose opinion in bee-
culture I value highly. He is situated
in a location where the snow some-
times falls to a great depth. The fol-
lowing is his letter :

The snow here fell to a great depth, alto-
gether, I suppose about 60 feet; we meas-
ured until there was 56 feet, and then we
got tired and quit. "Well, the poor bees
were out in it all, as I winter mine on the
summer stands. We shoveled snow until
we had no place to throw it, and finally the
bees were covered over entirely, and we
never saw them again until the first of
March — without a flight-spell for 90 days.
When the snow began to settle, I went
around with a long pole, and poked it down,
and would strike a hive once in awhile, so
I got a little air to them until I could get
them out.

On March 1, we resurrected them, and
found about two-thirds of them alive ; but
in such a damaged and wet condition that
they dwindled down to 12 colonies out of
54. I lost every Italian colony, while
every Carniolan colony came out bright
and strong, and are living and doing well
now. I think that the Carniolan is the bee
for the mountains. I want no more Italians.

The country is still covered with snow,
and will not be gone for a month yet. The
bees are coming in with pollen from the
cedars, alders, willows, etc.

G. W. Cover.

The reader must not infer that there
was 60 feet of snow at one time — 60
feet for the winter, so far, and possibl}-
25 feet at one time. In these high
altitudes, the snow falls to a great
depth, and now that it is beginning to
melt, the creeks and rivers are over-
flowing with water. This has been
the hardest winter ever known in this
part of California.

Bees are at present working on
California lilac, manzanita, alfilaree,
etc. We have had no swarms j'et.
The season is considerably later than
usual.

Grizzly Flats, Calif., April 20, 1890.

HONEY.

Do Bees :flake Honey i — Fruit§
in CaliTornia.

Written tor the American Bee Journal
BY D. B. VnER.

I have been ver}' much interested
in the discussion of this question from
time to time in the Bee Journal. The
majority of the bee men and women
hold that the 'bees do not make honey.

that they simply gather the sweets
from flowers and other sources, where
it has been elaborated by the occult
hand of Nature ; but all seem to have
left out a good many interesting points
— more interesting, though, from a
scientific point of view than a practical
one. One that has a considerable
practical bearing is. How do bees re-
duce the surplusage of water in the
sweets that they gather ? The ma-
jority seems to think that bees cannot
do this. In this, I think, that they are
wrong.

I have seen bees feeding in swarms
on the sugar-water as it run from
maple-trees. Would these persons
hold that the bees stored this diluted
sugar-water as they gathered it, in the
hive ? Though I do not see or under-
stand any way in which the bees
could reduce the proportion of water
to the sweet in a liquid, we should re-
member that there are many manipu-
lations and changes of form in matter
performed by the action of life, that
we can neither understand nov per-
form mechanically, or chemically.

I think that the idea that the honej'-
sac of the bee is simply a sac merely
to carry with, having no functions
(like the basket one carries on his arm
to put the fruit in when he is gather-
ing apples), is all wrong. I believe it
has offices — functions — and one of
them is to reduce the amount of water
in nectar or other sweets which are
being gathered ; and while they are
carrying it to their home.

As before stated in this bee-paper, I
am not an apiarist, but I consider my-
self an expert in finding bees in the
woods, and while engaged in this (to
me) most pleasant pastime and sport,
I have often noticed that when bees
are working on flowers with quite
water}' nectar (the compositcii late in
autumn), that so soon as they had
gathered their load, and after flying a
few feet, they evacuated a clear liquid,
invariably. This can be plainly seen
in the evening, by looking toward the
setting sun ; this liquid seemed to be
clear water, with no perceptible sweet
taste.

Again, when baiting bees with clear
honey, they would fill themselves with
it, and fly directly away, without
evacuating ; but when using honey
diluted largely with water, or with
thin sugar-water, they would do it
every time. They would take up their
load in one-fourth to one-eighth of the
time, if the food was largely diluted,
that they would if it was thick honey.
They seemed to have to dilute heavy
honey, like a fly does sugar, before
thej' could swallow it.

It is true that I have found very
diluted honey that had been stored
late in the autumn, but the evidence

was in some cases good, that this was
gathered from scattered honey, and
from that alone. Here is the proof :

I cut a large bee-tree with a great
amount of honey ; the tree in falling
was badly smashed, and a great
amount of honey wasted. I did not
kill the bee.s — they clustered, and went
to work. It was late in autumn —
flowers all goue ; they had two weeks
of fine warm weather in which to work,
and they gathered a few pounds of the
scattered honej', and stored it. I
robbed them, and found the honey
verj' thin. While they were working it
I watched them carefully, and sup-
posed I got a good " line " for another
tree, but when I traced it up, it was
simply a "line" to water. Here were
these bees "making honey" from
honey, and it was as thin as any gath-
ered at that season of the year from
flowers or "maple sap." I could give
other instances showing the same
facts.

I think that "some of the boj-s" are
a little " off" on honey flowers. I had
fixed this point up in this way :

Honey alwajs has two distinct
flavors — one given it by the scent
peculiar to the honey-bee's personality,
the same as beef tastes like the ox
smells, and mutton like the sheep
smells, etc. ; this odor seems to be a
combination of the scents from the
intestinal canal, the exuviai and exuda-
tions from the skin ; and, in the case of
the bee, while the bee has it in her
possession, she adds to it a minute
quantitj' of formic acid.

The other flavor -is given to the
honey by the source of the nectar ; or,
in other words, if one fed bees on pure
sugar syrup, it would, so soon as
deposited, taste and smell like honey,
and its sweet would be changed from
cane-sugar to grape-sugar, no more to
to be changed back by any process
known to us, to crystallizable cane-
sugar again. Therefore, I maintain
with Prof. Cook, that bees both gather
and make honey.*

CALIFORNIA FRUITS AND RAISINS.

Here in California, since the long
dreary period of heavy i-ains closed,
bees have had a glorious time of it.
The whole face of the eountiy, valley,
hill and mountain is carpeted with
flowei's — such beautiful and fragrant
flowers. In Illinois, we had but about
a dozen wild flowei's that were first-
class for beauty, but here there are
hundreds.

The season, though 10 to 15 daj-s
late, is well advanced. Strawberries
and cherries are freely in market ;
blackberries and raspberries are in
full bloom.

The fruit crop promises to be large
and tine, of all fruits except apricots.

THEJ; KMBRICKN ®EIJ JOURNRI,.

331

■i-'^^^^-^ft^*^*^*-^-'-"-*-^*-^-^-^'

'Of these, the great majority of the
trees are dead — killed by (J months of
excessive wet. About once in 10 or 12
years we have an excessively wet win-
ter, long drawn out ; this constant
soaking of top and root is more than
some species of trees can stand. The
apricot suft'ers worst of all. Tliis is
an immense loss to the frnit-growers
■of the State, for they had a perfect
monopoly of apricot fruit.

The loss of young peach, prune,
almond, plum, and cherry trees has
also been immense, on all lands with-
out perfect natural untler-drainings.
This will add greatly to the boom for
lands in the arid districts, like tl* San
Joaquin valley, where they have from
2i to 10 inches of rain a year — where
they bring their rain from the moun-
tains in canals, and use it only as they
need it. That seems to be the right
kind of rain to have on top, especially
when the soil is about the richest and
most perfect known in the world.

The raisin industry in the arid val-
leys is assuming giant proportions. It
is one of the simplest crops to grow,
most certain, and one of the most
profitable crops grown in California.
The great Southern Pacific railroad,
and other large land-holders, are pre-
paring to offer people most liberal
inducements to form colonies for the
production of raisins in the rich val-
le3's of Kern county — the best raisin
climate and soil in the world. These
inducements are such — are real — and
more liberal in their terms than any
great land syndicate ever oSered to
people before. I am in a position to
send inquirers full particulars. There,
in the foot-hills and mountains sur-
i-ounding Kern county, is the. ideal
place for apiaries.

Petaluma, Calif., April 29, 1890.

[*That bees mix water with honey for
various purposes is a well-established
fact, but that does not prove that they
" make honey." The two combined
make a syrup — but mixing water and
honey no more proves that the bees
make the honey than it does that they
make the water ! It is a misnomer !
Bees do not "make honey" — they
simply gather what Nature has already
made ! No amount of sophistry will
prove to the contrary !

Under certain circumstances bees
will feed on grape-juice, the so-called
honej-dew, or even on commercial
glucose, when nothing else is available.
They 7nay mix these articles with the
honey already in the cells, but that
does not " make honey" out of either
the glucose, the honey-dew, or the

grape-juice — even though the bees did
the " mixing." If honey-dew is gath-
ered- -insect-juice is deposited in the
cells, and that only — it does not make
honey ! — Ed.]

COWVEIVTIOIV DIRECTORY.

1890. Time and place of meeting.

May 17. -Darke Co. Union, at Greenville, O.

J. A. Roe, Sec, Union City, Ind.

May 17.— Haldimanrt, at (;ayuga, Ont.

B. C. Campbell, Sec., Cayuga, Ont.

May 20.— Northern Ulinoia. at Cherry Valley, Ills.
D. A. Fuller, Sec, Cherry Valley, Ilia,

July 17.— Carolina, at Charlotte, N. C.

N. P. Lyles, Sec, Derlta N. C.

In order to have this table complete,

Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — The Editor.

International Bee-Association.

President-
Secretary-

Hon. E. L. Taylor.. Lapeer, Mich.
-C. P. Dadant Hamilton, Ills.

National Bee-Keepers' Union.

President— James Heddon . .Dowagiac, Mich.
Sec'y. and Manager- T, G. Newman, Chicago,

sci^^'^M

jS^^f^^

<jioo«l Honey Season Expectetl.

My bees are booming at this time. I lost
4 colonies out of 62, %vhich leaves me 58.
The prospects for a good honey season are
very flattering now. White clover is com-
ing along. I hope to get a good crop of
honey this year. S. Burton.

Eureka, Ills., May 1, 1890.

Oolden-Rotl— Back^vard Spring.

I am still alive and able to make my
best bow. Although badly used up by the
many severe drubbings received from the
correspondents of the Bee Journal, who
are the friends of "golden-rod." I thank
them for their criticisms, and hope that
they (as well as myself) have been bene-
fitted by the exchange of ideas. I admire
their pluck in defense of their pet, and they
remind me of a colony of Italian bees
defending their stores from robbing neigh-
bors. I only gave it as my own belief, from
personal observation and that of our neigh-
bors, and had no idea of accusing people of
dishonesty, when they said that golden-rod
produced honey. I had not seen it with
bees about it, and was only going on the
plan of "seeing is believing." I make my
best bow, raise my hand, and say " So mote
it be" — at least, until we receive more
light.

Bee-keepers seem to have fared badly in
this part of the country (southern Illinois),
as the fine spring weather in December and
January produced brood in quantity, and
stores were exhausted before bee-keepers
knew it ; some have lost most of their bees
in this manner, not dreaming that they
were short of supplies. I have saved all of
mine by feeding when others thought it
useless. The extremely wet and backward
spring has produced very little nectar from
any of the bloom, and, in fact, there was
little but apple-bloom for them to work on ;

and while it was in bloom, it was raining
nearly all the time, so that was almost a
failure. The prospect for white clover
was never better than at the present
time, and it has just begun to bloom. We
hope to be able to report a good yield from
this and other blooms. Ika Keeves.

Carmi, Ills., April 30, 1890.

[We are glad to note that our suggestion
was correct — on page 106, in reply to the
letter by Mr. Purvis— that Major-General
Reeves ''■could not mean to record any-
thing more than the observations of him-
self and his neighbors in that locality,"
regarding the yielding of nectar by golden-
rod, as stated in his first letter on page 58.
"All's well that ends well."— Ed.J

Elarly Honey-FIovf in j^linnesota.

If I am not greatly mistaken, the reader
will soon hear reports of a honey-flow in
April in Minnesota. Last year we were
feeding our bees up to June 1 — now, every
tree with a bud or tag or tassel is swarming
with bees, and the brood chambers are
tilled with a dark 'honey that I felt sure was
stored this spring. I heard yesterday from
a hundred-colony apiarist, and he reports
his bees storing lots of honey from cotton-
wood, which is the only tree near his
prairie apiary. My bees have had soft
maple, poplar, elm, and now cottouwood
and pussy-willow. Last year I did not see
a bee on an apple-blossom or wild plum —
on nothing until we had box elder and
white willow. Now the apple and plum are
crowded with buds. A neighbor who made
sugar from the maples this spring, reported
an unusual flow of sap. I wondered if that
was what ailed all the trees. May the good
work go on, until the linden bloom shall
respond likewise. I hope that the same
condition of things extends all over the
State, and that every bee-keeper in the
State has enjoyed the busy hum of the bees
every day for ten days, as I have. My bees
have lost but one entire day since I took
them out of the cellar, which was on April
10. Mrs. B. J. Livingston.

Center Chain, Minn., April 38, 1890.

A Comment on Bee-E.scapes.

It would seem to be unanimously decided
by the correspondents of the American Bee
Journal, that in the bee-escapes published
the past winter, they had found success in
removing the bees from the section-eases —
in fact, perhaps they have, but it would
seem to me very much like a man, who,
finding his house full of thieves, would
simply bolt all his doors lest more should
enter, but allow all those in to depart un-
molested with all they could carry. The
The bees would not only carry away con-
siderable honey, but do more damage by
uncapping honey. We want, and do have,
the bees to depart at once when we go for the
honey — they must not stop to make reply,
nor take any honey with them, either, but
" get up and get." If the escapes could be
placed on the hives without disturbing the
bees, they would be all right.

Ch.vs. B. Fritts.

Niles, Mich., April 30, 1890.

Oood Prospects tor Clover.

Bees are doing well, working on fruit-
bloom at present. Prospects for clover
are very good. Bees wintered well, but
used a great deal of honey ; I had to feed
some. My loss was 5 colonies out of 108.

D. W. MCD.INIEL.

Hamilton, Ills., May 1, 1890.

332

T-K© mmimmi^Mm mmm j^^mnmi^.

Colonies Swarmins Out.

I have been keeping bees for 8 years. In
the autumn of 1888, I had 50 colonies,
which I put into a house cellar, as usual.
Towards spring they got very uneasy, and
a great many left the hives, so I took them
out quite early in the spring, when I noticed
that the comb was somewhat moldy. The
first warm day following, 32 colonies of
them swarmed out, and all clustered on
one bunch on a fence-post, and several
others left their hives to join in with
another. All effort to separate them from
the post, to put them back into their hives,
or into some other, was in vaiu, for they
would come out the same as before, to
remain there and perish during the cold
night. Have any readers of the Bee Joru-
NAL had a like trouble ? Will some of the
bee-specialists give advice through the Bee
JovKNAL, as to what I should have done to
save the bees '. O. D. Heuking.

St. Michael, Minn., April 29, 1890.

Flatleriiis: Prospects.

Bees wintered well in this locality. Mine
wintered in the bee-house without loss,
although 2 colonies were weak, which I
united. Yesterday I noticed drones flying,
and on opening the hives I found, to my
surprise, that some colonies had new queen-
cells ready for the queen to deposit her
eggs. I look for some early swarms. Just
now the bees are working on the cherry
and apple blossoms, and if the weather
continues favorable, the bees will make
things lively in the apiary. A few days
more, and Nature will be clothed in her
best. Everything looks very flattering for
a good honey year.

Just now I am employed in painting my
new beehives; when completed, they will
be "dandies." They are two-story Sim-
plicity hives, painted white, with the ends
of the covers painted scarlet, and the front
and rear sides of the brood -chamber painted
light blue, the second story remaining
white. This gives the hive the national
colors — red, white and blue, on the front
and rear sides, and when placed in the
apiary, gives it a very fine appearance.

I am contemplating sowing some Japa-
nese buckwheat, and as 1 have never raised
any buckwheat, I would like to ask the
experienced through the Bee Joukxal,
ho%v much they sow to the acre, and when
is the best time to sow it, both for harvest
and for honey. Will some one who is suc-
cessful, please answer through the Bee
Journal ? Geo. Fret.

Genesee, Uls., May 1, 1890.

still I always keep a little on hand to fall
back on, should I ueed it. I shall work
mostly for extracted honey, as I can sell
so much more of it. I sell mostly at 10
cents per pound I just take a barrel in
the wagon, and stop at every house, and
soon dispose of a barrel of honey at that
price. Then I always have the honey ripe
when selling it, and guarantee it to be
good, and pure honey. I have principally
the Italian bees, though my best honey-
gatherers are hybrids. One colony stored
250 pounds of surplus honey last season.

In regard to the Carniolan bees, I have
failed to see their good qualities as yet.
The first queen that I had, proved to be a
drone-layer; this the dealer generously
replaced with another, but I hardly think
it is pure, as a good many bees in the hive
resemble the Italians, still most of them
are black or gray banded, but they are not
half so docile to handle as the Italians ; and
when I lift the cover or cloth, they are all
astir, and I have failed to ever look at
them, or remove a frame from the hive, and
not get stung. They remind me of a
hornet— they make a bee-line for the face
and eyes, and are generally "sure shot."
For my part, I like the albino strain of the
Italians. I expect a fair crop of honey this

^^^M^^^^A.

'^\.

BUSINESS MANAGER.
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year

R. R. Ryan.

Bradshaw, Nebr., May 1, 1890.

Bees Have'.IViiiterecl Well.

Bees have wintered well, as far as I have
heard. I lost but one colony, and that was
a late swarm. There was but very little
surplus taken here, as there was no bass-
wood bloom, and white clover did not seem
to secrete much nectar ; but the bees gath-
ered enough from golden-rod to winter on.

R. A. RUMMEL.

Butler, Ind., May 1, 1890.

lusiucss Sloticcs.

__ Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should notify us at once.

Money in Potatoes, by Mr. Joseph
Greiner. Price, 25 cents, postpaid. For sale
at this office.

1^" Send us one 3iEW subscriber, with
*1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

Jt^" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price SI. 00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

^W" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.

rWebraska Hee-Keepin;;.

For the past month, bees have been doing
finely. I began the winter with 97 colonies
in good condition, on the summer stands,
in Langstroth hives, and lost 10 during the
winter and spring, caused by too early
breeding in the warm weather in January,
which con.sumed a great deal of honey;
then it turned cold, and bees starved for
want of food in reach of them. Just now
they are, and for the past week have been,
booming on wild plums and cherries. Goose-
berries and strawberries will soon be out
for them; the apple trees are also covered
with tine bloom, and prospects are good
for a crop of nice fruit of all kinds, and the
way the farmers are improving the time in
spring work, looks fair for large crops the
coming season ; but just now we need rain
badly, which would also improve the honey-
yield. Mr. E. A. Wells reports the first
swarm of bees in April, for this locality.

I have been able to dispose of all of my
honey in my home market, and more, too,
for I had to buy to sui)ply the demand ;

Favorable ^Veatlier for Bees.

On Nov. 26, 1889, we put 113 colonies of
bees into the cellar, and it was very mild
and warm all winter, the temperature hav-
ing been the highest that we ever saw, and
we feared bad results; but we removed 109
colonies on April 12, and they are the
strongest and the most even colonies that
w-e ever had. On May 1 there were some
spotted hives, but not to any extent, and
not any since their removal from the cellar.
So far the weather has been quite favor-
able for them, and they are at work on
soft maples, willows and dandelions, and
they seem to be as far advanced as at the
first of June last spring. It promises a
good honey season now. White clover
looks well, and there is an abundance of
AJsike sowed by the farmers here, and we
hope for good results from our bees this
season; at any rate, we will take our
chances with the farmers. So far it has
been wet here, and some are predicting a
drouth later. I would like to hear from
more bee-keepers who winter their bees in
cellars. Mus. Emma Hulett.

South Dayton, N. Y., May 5, 1890.

Convention Notices.

jy The Darke Co. Union Bee-Keepers' Society,
will hold a basket meeting on the Fair Grminda at
Greenville, Ohio, on Saturday, May 17, 189o.

J. A. Roe, Sec.

t^~ The next meeting of the Carolina Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will be held in Ch.>irlottc, N. C, on
Thursday, July 17, 1S9". N. 1». Lyles, Sec.

tW The spring meeting of the Northern Illinois
Bee-Keepers' Association, will meet at the residence
of D. A. Fuller, in Cherry Valley, Ills., on May 20th.
Iggij D. A. FULLER, Sec.

Clubs of 5 for $4.00 to any addresses.
Ten for S7.50, if all are sent at one time.

The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

U^" Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

d^" Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jour-
nal at $1.85 for the two; or with both our
Home Journal and Bee Journal for $2.50
for all three papers.

Jt^~ As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write American Bee
foximal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

^" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

•• 100 colonies (220 pag-es) 1 2o

■' 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

IfW When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal . For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book,
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

m^" We offer the Monthly Philadelphia
Farm Journal, and either the American
Bee Journal or Illustrated Home Jour-
nal for one year, for the small sum of $1.80.
Or, we will (live it free for one year tp any
one who will send us one new subscriber for
either of our Journals with $1.00 (the sub-
scription price) .

rtmm mimmmivmn mmm jommnmi^.

333

SUMMER, 1890.

ilLi SI 14111

THOMAS G. NEWMAN «Sc SON,

S4C East iUadison St., Chicago, III.

Onr Annual Catalogue and Pilce-Wst is herein presented to
onr patrons, and we would especially invite a careful perusal of it
before ordering supplies for the apiary. As this Catalogue contains
illustrations and descriptions of many of the articles enumerated, a?
well as prices, purchasers can easily select such as they desire, and
compute the entire cost of the goods ordered. Please remember th iv
goods oflfered at low prices are often dear, because they are generally
proportionately iH/e>-ior.—"£;.rcc!(c)!ce is Cheapness."

Your full address, plainly written, is very essential In order to
avoid mistakes and delays.

How Goods are to be sent, should bo distinctly stated. Any.
thing to Ije shipped by freight should be ordered from 10 to 30 days
before needed for use, according to the distance from Chicago. Express
charges are high on long distances, and heavy goods should not be sent
by Express, unless particularly needed for use at once.

We Pay Postage on all articles quoted by mail. All others are to
be sent by express or freight, at the purchasers' expense.

Ooods will be sent C.O.D. only when sufBcient money is received
with the order to pay charges both ways, in case they are not takeu
from the express ofBce by the person ordering them.

Remit by Express Money Order, Registered Letter, or Bank Draft
on Chicago or New York, payable to Thos. G. Newman & Son. Checks
onlocalBanlts cost us 2.5 cents for collection, and if you send such,
add that amount, or we shall deduct it from your order.

If Goods are damaged or not such as were ordered, do not retiirv
them, but write to us, and we will direct how to dispose of them.
r iJredit.— We sell on small margins, and cannot afford to take the risk
of selling on Credit. If we did a credit business, we should be obliged
to add from 10 to 20 per cent, to our present prices, to make up for
those who never pay, and for clerk-hire to keep books, etc.— this we
know our cash customers would not think to their advantage. In order
not to do injustice to anyone, we make this an invariable rule—
therefore do not ask us fur creMt. This system gives all the advantage tn
"cash customers," but the " credit system " works to their injury. We
therfifnre always require Cash with the Order.

STANDARD LANGSTIIOTH BEE UIVE.

(14x18% inches iDSide.)

Xo. 1.

No. 3,
Xo. 3.

Xo. 4.

No. 5.
No. 6.
No. 7.

No. 8.

No. 9.

All

SAMPLE IIIVKS-.YaifcJ, not painted.

—Brood chamber with portico, 10 frames, 7X '"c'l cap,
but no surplus arransement SI 25

—Same as No. 1, with tiie Comb Honey Rack complete. . 2 00

,— Same as No. 3, with an additional story containing 10
extra frames for pxtra<'tins, interohangable with those in
the brood chamber— a complete 3 story hive 3 .50

—Brood chamber witli portico, 10 frames, and a 7 inch
story, with 7 cases containhi« 21 Prize Boxes, and tin
separators, for surplus honey, with a 3 inch cap 2 3)

,— Same as No. 4, with an additional story containing 10
extra frames for extracting, a complete 3 story hive 3 .50

—A complete 3 story hive containing 20 interchangeable
frames, with a close-fitting— 3 inch— cap 1 75

—Same as No. 6, with the second story containing seven
cases holding eight one-pound sections each (.50 in all),
and two tin separators attached to each case, complete.. 3 85

,— A 3 story hive containing 20 interchangeable frames
and seven cases, as described in No. 7 3 25

—Brood-chamber with portico, 10 frames, and Heddou's
surplus arrangement, containing 33 one-pound sections. . 3 00

Langstroth hives have metal rabbets for the frames to rest on.

Material for Langstroth Hives,

in the Flat,

Ready to lail.

Numbers

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

5 or more,

80 c

$1.10

$1.40

SI. 40

$1.70

$1.10

$1.50

$1.80

$1 10

10 or more.

VSc

1.08

1.38

1.38

1.68

1.08

1.48

1.78

1.08

2.5 or more.

7.0C

1.05

1.35

1.35

1.65

1.05

1.45

1.75

1 05

.50 or more.

V8c

1.03

1.33

1.33

1.63

1.03

1.43

1.73

1 03

100 or more.

YOc

1.00

1.30

1.30

1.60

1.00

1.40

1.70

1.00

^F" The top and bottom-boards, on all the Hives, are in one piece.

^" We make Hives Nos. 4 and 5 to contain 28 one-pound Sections at
the same prices, when so ordered. '

THE HEDDON SURPLUS-CASE,

As Used on Our Langstroth Hive, No. 9.

:s designed for obtaining liouey in u.io c nio, Nnuiuac ilie ns ■ of
eparators. Tlie sections tor this arrangement are 1% inclies wide,
uid will hold just the same quantity of honey as the 3-incli sections
when separatiiis are used. In the absence of separators, of couise
'he sections slmuld be tilled with com!) foundation, in order to secure
straight comhs.aud such as may be i)aclve(.l in the crates for marketing
without interfering with one another.

As these " stories " are arranged with a ''^r-inch space over the
sections, they may be " tiered up " when desired.

For those who wish to " tier up," or to get extra " stories " of he
above, we will furnish the material, ready to nail, of either kind,
with the full number of sections, at 45 cents each ; or the same
nailed, all.ready to go on the hive, at 65 cents each.

1^- Also with T-Tins, at the same prices, when so ordered, .j^

SUPPLIES rOR BEE-KEEPERS— For Sale by Thomas C. Xcwiiiaii & Son, C'liiea^o, Ills.

384

T"H® mWiMMlVMM MMW ^0>WMMM%r.

■■^— ■-■^^■— ■^■— --^^^^^^^.^j^^^^^^-^^^^^^^^^^*^*^**

%ikm*mhmhmikmha

MATERIAL FOR LANGSTROTH FRAMES.

Ready to nail— 9>sxl7% outside.

100 f rallies... » 1 10
1,000 frames.... 10 00
Bored for wiring,
liaving fiat to))-
bars, per 100...$ 1 G.5

Bored for wiring,
liaving flat top-
bars, per l,000..»ie 00

WIDE FRAMES FOR TWO-POUND SECTIONS.

material for wide
franie.toholdo 2-lb.
sections, on Laiig-
strotli liive, per 100, 82 00

Tin Separators to fit
tliese wide frames,
per 100 2 50

WIDE FRAMES FOR ONE-POUND SECTIONS.

Material for wide frames, to hold 8 one-ponnd sections, on

LangstrSth hive, (same size as the brood frames,) per 100.. 81 50

Tin Separators to fit these wide frames, per 100 2 00

Sample frame, with boxes and separators, 35

The same, sent by mail, postpaid 75

Gomb Honey Rack,

The engraving shows the

Comb Honey Rack as nsed on

^ the Langstroth hives Nos. 3

lll!!ilTf<-''C^^^^"*S«c-— 'C.^^^ttii^tfH and 3. It contains eighteen 2-

Ib. sections, with the outside

j ones (C) glassed; 5 tin separa-

l-"^^^^* tors (B), and the wedge (A) to

' tighten or loosen the sections

for manipulation.

We also make these Racks
to fit any hive.

In ordering a special size, give only the width of your hive inside,
and the length of the top-bar of your frames.

Sample Rack, by express, nailed, without sections $ 35

Sample Rack, nailed, with sections, separators and

glass, complete, by express, crated 75

Material for Rack, without sections, by mail 75

" 13 Racks, ready to nail 1 35

" 25 " " " 2 .50

" ,50 " " " 4 50

Tin Separators for this Rack, per 100 . . . . 3 .50

JW Sections h)^\(>}4 can be used in both of these surplus stories.

Surplus Story for Comb Honey.

The engraving shows
the 7-inch story as used
on the Langstroth hives
Nos. 4 and 5 (with one
Wide Frame raised up),
showing the 3 2-pound
sections, with a tin sep-
arator fastened to the
back of the wide frame.

The upper stories of
Nos. 7 and 8 are the
same style as shown
here; the wide frames
holding 8 1-lb. sections,
instead of 3 of the 2-lbs.
We also make this story for Nos. 4 and 5— each wide frame
holding one row of four 1-lb. sections— at the same price.

SHIPPING CRATES FOR COMB HONEY.

Sample Crate, nailed, containing
13 sections, without glass, by
express 8 40

Material, ready to nail, 50 Crates. 3 75
" " " 100 Crates. 6 50

Glass for these Crates, per 100
lights 1 00

The Crate shown above holds t-weIve©ne-poiin«l Sections,

with glass on the end instead of the side, taking smaller glass, and
less work on the wood narts. The inside measure is just 13 inches
long; carrying 3 rows of sections of either width, 6 to the foot or
7 to the foot. Those using both widths of sections will not require
two kinds of crates.

The above Crate holds t'wenty-toitr one-pound Sections

3 inches wide ; (or, sections 1% inches wide, if so ordered.) The
side cleats are grooved for glass ; and the gross weight will not
exceed 38 pounds. As the markets now demand small packages,
this size of crate gives excellent satisfaction.

Sample Crate, nailed, containing 24 sections, without
glass, by express $ fiO

Material, ready to nail, .50 Crates 6 00

" " " 100 Crates 11 .50

" " " 1 Crate and 1 Section,by express 15

" " " " " by mail.postpaid 70

Glass for these Crates, per 100 lights 2 00

The above Crate will hold t^velve two-ponnd Section!>i of

honey. Hither the Crate or the Sections may be glassed. The
gross weight of this Crate, when filled with honey, is about 25
pounds ; making it a neat and convenient package for handling
and shipping.

Sample Crate,containing 12 two-pound Sections.nailed,
without glass, by express $ .50

Material,ready to nail,50 Crates 4 75

" 100 Crates 9 00

" " " 1 Crate and 1 Prize Box,by express 15

The same, sent by mail, postpaid 65

Glass for these Crates, per 100 lights 3 00

j»- All these Crates can be furnished, when so ordered, with a
solid piece of wood for one side, instead of slats grooved for glass,
without extra charge.

Wiring Tool,

FOR

Pressing Foundatiou

INTO

WIRED FRAMES.

SOMETHING
VERY USEFUL.

Priee, by inall, 20e.
By express, 15e.

SIIPPL,IES FOR BEE-KKEPEieS— For Sale 1>J Tliomas «. l\ewman »t Son. Cliieaso, Ills.

•TB!® m^mmMicmm wmm j@iui«n»:il.

335

^^^^^,t^.^^^^,^^^^-^^.^^.^^^^.j^^.^^.^M^^^.^^^^^^.M.^^^.^^^^ja^^mkJk4mk^^Jkitk^M

ONE-PfflCE SECTIOKS-for Honey in the Comb.

We keep constantly in stock the two regular sizes, 4i^x4i^, and
5 '4x6 '4, a trifle less than 13 inches wide, with both narrow and wide
tops; these will respectivol5' hold about one and two pounds of
honey each. We also have them seven to the foot, with narrow
tops. The following are our latest prices:

In quantities of 1,000 |3 .50 $i r,()

" .500 2 00 3 .50

" " 250 ■. . 1 25 1 50

" " 100 BO 70

jW Orders for 3,000, or more, 4Kx4J|', at $3.00 per thousand. .£»

DOVETAILED SECTIONS.

These are marie in four pieces, .5,yx6'4', with wide or
narrow tops ; all a shade less than 2 inches in width,
The prices are the same as the one-piece sections.

We fill all orders of the above size, and carry no
ollier!« ill stook.

<kd<1 Sizes ot Sections. .5x6 inclies, or less, will be made to
order in quantities not less than .500, at lio for .500, or S5 for 1,000, and
can be furnished in about a week after we receive the order.

Perforated-Ziuc for Eiicluding Drones and Queens.

We carry in stock two sizes, viz : 19%\U14 inches, for Langstrotli
Hives— price, 30 cts. each ; also in sheets 3xS feet— 34 sq. ft.— price,
S3.00 per sheet. We can cut pieces to order at 10 cts. per square foot.
Strips, with one row ot holes, %xl9, 00 cents per hundred. When
ordered by mail, add 10 cents per square foot, tor postage.

The Muth Honey-Knife.

t By exjjress .50c

'IgBy mail, postpaid, 6.5c

SECTION PRESS.

The Wakeman & Criicker
PREHS. to be nuert for put-
tint; touetlier One-Piece 8ec-
tiona— at wholesale or retail.

Price, H3.00 each, by ex-
press. By the dozen— rate
pivea upon application.

Atomizer for Spraying Bees.

This Atomizei can be used to advantage
for changing the scent of bees when intro-
ducing queens, uniting colonies, making
luiclei, dividing colonies, etc. Price, 75 cts.

Mailed in a neat box, at letter postage,
for 16 cents extra.

LONG RUBBER GLOYES.

Long Rubber Gloves, per pair, by mail SI .50

To ascertain the size of glove desired, lay the open hand, palm
down, on a sheet of paper, andj mark the outline of the hancf and
fingers with a pencil.

WOOD-ZI\C SLATTED HONEY-BOARD.

This honey-board is made of alternated
'strips of wood (IJs' inches wide), and per-
forated zinc (% of an inch wide), with one
row of holes. The zinc strips are held in
place by fitting into saw kerfs on the sides
of the strips of wood. Price, nailed, 30
cents each ; flat, 20 cents. In ordering, please give the exact out-
side dimensions desired. 'When' no size is (given, we will furnish
them to fit the standard Langstroth hive. "

Comb Foundation for Brood-Frames.

All our foundation is made by Dadant & Son, who have justly
earned the reputation of making the best foundation in the world.

We keep four sizes on hand, viz : 4?.i^xl7, 12x18, 8xl6>.^, and 10x11,
and can fill orders in any quantity, prompty. Orders for special
sizes filled within a week of the receipt or the order, without extra
charge, and it will be shipped direct from the factory.

■^a' yf -^-^ir

i 'Q. U' kl' C] ;

One pound, by mail, postpaid, small sheets 70c

1 to 10 lbs., per lb., by express — 4.5c

11 to 35 " " " 44e

26 to 50 " " " 4:^c

51 to 100 " " " 43c

Prices Subject to Cbange, TVittaout Notice.

Thin Foundation for Surplus Honey.

We keep three styles of thin foundation for comb honey in sections.
The figures in the first colunm giving the prices of the thin— 9 to 10
square feet to the pound. Those in the last colunm being the prices
ol the EXTKA THIN, and also of the Van Deusen (with flat bottom)—
11 to 13 square feet to the pound :

THIN. EXTRA THLN.

1 to 10 lbs., per lb., by express 55c 6.5c

11 to 35 " " " 54c 64c

36 to 50 " " " 53c 63c

51 to 100 " " " 53c 63c

AVired Comb Foundation.

This prevents sagging, making all combs strong and durable. It
has flat-bottomed cells, exceedingly thin and even, the wire being
incorporated into it. It is for use only in the brood-chamber. Size,
Sxl6}.3 and 10x11 inches.

Ito 2.5 lbs., per lb 6.5c

35 to 100 " " 63c

Samples of all kinds, by mail 10c

PARKER'S

Foundation^Fastener

Price, 35 cents, by ex-
press, or 40 cents, post-
paid. Suitable for 1 lb.
sections.

The fastener should bo
sercw<'rl to a table. The
illiiKtration will show thi
piisitiiin of the sectioa
and foundation, and the
method ot operating.

Comb Foundation MiHs.

Vandervort. Koot.

6 inch Rolls $15 00 $13 .50

10 " 20 00 20 00

13 " 25 00 30 00

14 " 40 00

Carlin Foundation Cutter.

Small size, with tin wheel, — 10c
Large size, with steel wheel,. .75c
When wanted by mail, add 3c.
to the former and 5c to the latter
price.

Bee Yeils.

The accompanying illustration
gives a good view of these veils
as they are worn,— making it a
complete face protection. Price,
by mail,30 cents.

Carlin Cutter.

Bee Veil.

SUPPLIES FOR BEE-KEEPERS— For^Salc by Thomas G. Newman &, Son, Cliicago, Ilis^

33G

TM® mwrnrnmi^mM bb® j^wmMmi^.

straight Tin Pails for Honey.

These pails have a full
cover, and are excellent
for selling honey in the
home market, and after
the honey is candied, it
canbeshipped anywhere.

All sizes have a bail or
handle, and when empty
will be found useful in
every household.

Assorted samples of the three sizes, put inside of one another as a
nest, price 40 cents by express. The following are the prices in
quantities :

Per dozen. Per lOO.

Gallon, holding 10 lbs. of honey f 1 SO. . . .S13 00

Half Gallon, " 5 " " 150.... 9 00

Quart, " SJ^" " 120.... 7 00

Tapering Tin Pails for Honey.

It will be noticed that these pails are tapering in shape. All the
sizes have a bail, and on the 25-lb. pail a wooden handle is added.
These tapering pails are made lieavier and stronger than those with
the straight sides, the covers are deeper, and the top edge of the pail
is doubled over, making it smooth and convenient to handle.

Assorted samples of the five sizes, nested, 75 cents, by express, ol
the fom' smaller sizes, 50 cents. Prices in quantities as follows :

Per dozen
Per 100...

To hold lib. 4 lbs. 7 lbs.

9 .75.... 81.25.... S1..50.

5.00.... 8.00. ...10.00

13 lbs. 25 lbs.
..82.00.... 83.25
...14.50.... 23.00

Wooden Pails for Honey.

Wooden water-pails, well painted outside, with 3 iron hoops and a
tight-atting, wood cover, at $2 per dozen. They hold 25 lbs. of
boney, and, when empty, they can be utilized as an ordinary pail.

Red Labels for Pails.

Three sizes, ranging in size for pails to hold from one to ten
pounds of honey. Price, -Sl.OO for a hundred, with the name and
address of the bee-keeper printed on them. Smaller quantities at
one cent each ; but we cannot print the name and address on less
than one hundred. Larger quantities according to size, as follows :

Size A. Size B. Size C.

2.50 Labels 81.50 $2 00 $2 2.5

500 Labels 2 00 3 00 3 .50

1,000 Labels 3 00 4 00 5 00

Samples of each of the Labels will be sent free, upon application.

YUCCA BEUSH.

For brushing bees from
' _ the combs. Price, 5 cents
__| each, or 50 cents per dozen.
Postage, Ic. each, extra.

SZZDS for XZOITS'7 FZ.A1TTS.

White Clover— per lb., 30c— per peek, 82.75— per bu.{60 lbs.). .810 00

Alsike Clover— per lb., 35c'— per peck, $2.25— per bushel 8 00

Melilot or Sweet Clover— per lb., 20c— per peck, 81.75— per bu. 6 00

Bokhara Clover— Imported— per pound .50

Spider Plant per oz., 20c per lb. 3 00

Mothenvort " lOc " 100

Cleome, Rocky Mountain Bee-Plant " 15c " 125

We keep no seeds in stock except those enumerated above.

IF TO BE SENT BY MAIL, add 10 cents per pound for postage.

NEW BEE VEIL.

There are flvo cross bars united by a rivet
through tbeir center at the top. These liars are
buttoned on to studs on the neck-liand. The bars
are of best light spring- steel ; the neck-band of
best hard spring- brass ; the cover is of handsome
light material. It is very easily put together, no
trouble to put on or take off, and folds compact-
ly in a paper box 6x7 inches by one inch deep.
There would be no discomfort in "U'earing it either
day or night, and the protection against Mosqui-
itoes. Flies, Bees, Gnats, etc., is perfect ; the
■wci'-'ht of the entire Veil being only live ounces.

Price by Mall or Express, $1.00.

Hasting.s' Perfection Boe-Fceder.

Patented Oct. JR. issi7.

This Feeder will hold I quart,
and the letting down of the feed
is regulated by a thumb-screw.

The cap screws on securely. It
is easy to regulate— either a quart
or a spoonful— and that amount
can be given in an hour or a day,
as desired. By it the food can be
given where it is most needed-
just over the cluster. Not a drop
need be lost, and no robber bees
can get at it.

Price. 40 cents, or a dozen for
$3..50. Postage, 10 cents extra.

Feeder for Top of Hive.

It has two side entrances for the bees, and the cover of the hive is
the cover to be used on the feeder. It is the full size of the hive,
and is filled with the usual partitions on wliieh the bee may travel.
It has a large capacity. Price.— Nailed, 50 cents ; flat, 35 cents each.

j8S- When no size is given, we will send them to tit the standard
10-frame Langstrotli hive.

Shuck's Bee-Feeder.

A Shuck Feeder may be
placed at the entrance ot
the hive, any time of the
day, v.ithout danger from
robbers; it feeds much or
little as may be desired;
the feed can be reached by
the bees only from the
inside of the hive. Price,
by mail, 30 cents. By express, 25 cents each, or $2.40 per dozen.

WIRE NAILS.

We carry a full line of wire nails, and can fill orders for any
•quantity promptly. For nailing Sections, Cases, Frames, Racks,
Jrates, etc., they are very essential.

The entire length of the nail being the same thiclniess, they do not
loosen like ordinary iron nails, and are not as liable to bend or
break. They can be easily driven througli two pieces of tin.

From the assoitment of lengths given in the table below, any kind
jf nailing may be done, even to making large boxes.

Len^Ith of Nails. Size nf "W'ire. NumDer in -jne lb.

% inch long, wire No. 20, lO.diio

IK

2

19,

18,

18,

17,

17,

16

16

15,

5,.;;;o
3,.i00

3,7.50

1,780

1,.5.55

910

760

435

Price.

per lb '2.5c

" 20c

" Ific

' 1.5o

. " 13c

. " 12c

. " 10c

. " 10c

9c

If wanted by mail, add 18 cents per pound for postage.

aw We can furnish larger nails, in 5-pound packages only— up to
5 inches in length— when desired.

Enameled Cloth,

For covering frames. Price per yard (45 inches wide), 30 cents ; a
whole piece of 13 yards for $2.25. It ordered by mail, send 15 cents
per yard, extra, for postage. k*iM ii*2a

SUPPLIES FOR BEE-KEEPERS— For Sale by Thomas G. Newman & Son, Cbieago, Ills.

Tmw mmmMicnn m.mm jauRNKHf.

;j37

SQUARE HONEY-CANS

The above illustrations show the 60-pound SQUARE HONEY-
CANS which are becoming quite popular for shipping extracted
honey. They are enclosed in a solid case of wood, and the boxes
contain either 1 or 3 Cans, as may be preferred. We can furnish
them at the following prices, with a l^s'-inch Screw-Cap in the
corner of each fan. For the convenience of digging out candied
honey, we can furnish these Cans with an additional ■4-iuch Screw
Cap, for 5 cents extra ou each Can.

1 Single Can. .boxed..'? .45

l;:^ Single Cans. box rl . . ~).()0

100 Single Cans.box d.. lO.Oi*

1 box of 2 Cans . .
12 boxes of 2 Cans
100 boxes of 3 Cans ,

S.41I
05.00

We respectfully refer all who are looking for the
best Honey-Extractor, to any one using an Excelsior.
The Excelsior honey-extractor can only be equaled
by close imitation, and never excelled. It is made
entirely of metal, and is conseouenily very light,
Btronganddurablcwith lugsatthe bottom for flrmly
attaching it to the floor, if desired.

For 2 American frames, 13x13 inches $8 00

For 2 LangstrotU " 10x18 "' 8 00

For3 '• " 10x18 " 10 00

For4 *' " 10x18 " 14 00

For 2 frames of any size, 13x20 " 12 00

For-J " ^* 13x20 " 1 2 00

For t *' " 13x20 '* 16 00

The $A.on and $10.00 sizes are made to accommo-
date those who desire a cheap but practical machi ne.
The Cans are smaller, the sides of the baskets are
stationary, and they have neither covers, strainers,
Dor metal standards.

The Comb-Basket having vertical sides, insures the
extracting power alike for the top and bottom of the
frames. Tlie sides of the basket in the $I2.(H). *I4.00
and $16.00 Extractors beingmovable amiinterchange-
able, greatly facilitates the operation of thoroughly
cleaning. The basket can be taken from or replaced
In the Can in a moment, there being no rusty nuts to
remove, or screws to take out.

At the bottom of the Can, and below the basket is
aconeor metal standard in the $12.0(_). |;]4.(XJ and
eie.iiO Extractors, in the top of which revolves the
bottom pivot of the basket, thereby giving room for
60 to 100 lbs. of honey without touching the basket
or pivot below. Cans of the other sizea are shallow.

The $12.00 size.

Excelsior Wax-Extractor.

We make two sizes, the smaller one having
about the capacity of the usual wax-extrac-
tors now in use.

The advantages of this extractor are :

1. It is more easily operated, there being
no necessity tor removing the top toreflll it
with water.

2. The wax melts more quick'.y. because it
is brought into a more DIRECT contact with
the steam.

3. It is more economical, because the steam
has access to the center, thereby extracting
all the wax from the refuse matter.

The filler for water acts also as an inrtica*
tor as to the amount of water in the boiler ;
for when the steam escapes through the til-
ler, more water will be required.

Keep a kettle of hot water ready to fill it
when required.

Frice, small size, $4 oo

" large " 5 00

BINGHAM SMOKERS.

The Michigan Bee-Keepers' Association, having all
the Hiuokers before it, "pronounced Bingtiam's l*a-
tent Smoker the best."

J. P. Moore, Binghamton. New York, after uslnsr
one some time, said: " My Smoker troubles are all
over, and bee-keepers owe you a debt of gratitude."

Professor Cook, of Michigan Agricultural College,
says : " It Is the best in the market."

R. M. Argo, Lowell, Kentucky, says : "Ills all that
any bee-keeper could desire."

Paul L. Viallon, Bayou Goula. I^a., writes, April fi,
1878. "Your Smokers are far superior to any ever
Invented, and we bee-keepers fiwe you a vote of
thanks f(jr your ingeniouslnvention. Manymav try
to improve on yimrs, but I am positive none will
make a better one."

This is theflrst and only bellows Smoker ever made
which would burn stove-wood. It burns anything
combustible, and needs no care except to bo refilled
once in one or two he lurs. Works easy and will throw
astreamof smoke ten feet. It will notgooutnor
wear out. It will save time, stings, and money, and
perhaps a valuable horse.

The Original
BINGHABE

Bee Smoker

Patented, 1878

BINGHAM & HETHERINGTON

HONEY KNIVES.

PulentPd May •2i\ i

The most extensive Bee-keepers use thsm exclusively.

The Knife is so constructed that only the thin beveled edge rests on the combs,
and the caps, after being cut off, slide up in large sheets and roll over on the knife,
like shavings from a sharp plane. As only the edge of the knife touches the
h iney, it does not wade and stick like other knives, but elides easily over curves,
planes and hollows, leaving the uncapped honey free from caps, and the cells as
clian, perfect and smooth as if they had never been capped. They are two inches
WiJe, tempered and finished like a razor, and will last for a life-time.

„, ^ „ each, per dozen.

The Doctor Bingham Smoker 3Hinch,$j ou $i4.m;

The Conqueror Bingham Smoker 3 " l 7fl lU.OO

Large Bingham Smoker, wide shield 2^ " l 50 iiiTO

Extra Standard Bingham Smoker, wide shield 2 " 1 25 9.50

Plain Standard Bingham Smoker, narrow shield.. 2 " i 00 8.00

Little Wonder Bingham Smoker, narrow shield... }^ " 65 5.00

Bingham & Hetherington Honey Knife 2 " 1 00 10.00

Knives sent by mail, post-paid, at f 1.15 each.

Drone and Qneen Trap.

The engraving shows Alley's Combined Drone and Queen Trap,
with tlie perforated-metal entrance, the tin slide, the perforated
metal at tlie top, through whicli the workers, that enter the trap,

pass out, and also the cone through which the drones or queens pass
into the trap. The front of the trap, as will be noticed, is covered
with wire cloth.

In using the trap place the open side towards the entrance of the
hive ; the tin slide which forms the top need not be opened except
when a queen is to be released, or drones are to be removed. —
Arrange the entrance so that all the bees must pass through the
zinc. Full directions accompany each trap.

Price 50 cents: by mail. 6.5 cents ; 12 in the fiat, and one nailed,
13 in all, S.3.50; 50 in the flat, S13.00.

Any length, per foot, 1 cent,
cent each.

T-TINS.

For Laugsti'oth Hives, 14 inches,

SUPPLIES FOR BEE-KEEPERS— Fur Sale by Thomas G. IKewmau & Son, Chicago, Ills.

338

T'H® MMEmicMPf mmm j&'&mmmi^.

:FROM=

F L. ScHUELER^s Apiary

WARMANTED STRICTLY PURE.

No. 5.

No. 6.

mtiagte:

HONEY

GATHERED FROM

WMITE CLOYEE.

PSOM THE

ITALIAN APIARY

—OF—

JOSEPH L WATSOI,
JANESVILLE, WIS.

^I^ M

No. 1.

No. 11.

From the Apiary of

Wm. h. Johnson,

OMAHA, NEB.

No. 2. ^^O' 16

Si;PPI.I£8 FOR |«EE-KEePKRS-For Sale by Xbomas «. l\ewniaii & Son, CIticasfo, Ills.

THE) mvaMMicTun mum jo-iaiRNKiL.

339

r-'-^^^'tj^i^Jt^^^'^^

»^'*'*'*-*-^*-~-**--*

HONEY

From the Apiary of

JOHN H. BALL,

Palatine, N. Y.

All pure honey will cryBtalize,
especially If exposed to the cold.
Puttiug the jar in hot water will
hriiig the candied houey to its fluid
state without injury.

The corks should be loosened and
the water heated gradually, la order
not to crack the jar.

From the Apiary of

JAMES W. HANSON,

CmcAao, IlIj,

No. 4.

TAKE NOTICE.-This honey will candy, or :^

become white and hard, as soon as it becomes coui, or ^^
^ cold weather begins, an I this candying is. in fact, the ^
2^ best proof of its purity. To restore it to the liquid form, w
3 set it in a warm oven or on the reservoir of the stove, ^
"S removing the stopper or cover so it will not ooze out, \L
O When it is all melted, remove and cork or cover again. ^
w If sealed up while quite hot, with a cork dipped in melted^
W wax (or with the inside of the cover waxed), it will usually W
^ not candy again. Some liquify it by placing the bottles ^
3' in hot water. To prevent breaking the glass, let the ■ '
^ bottles rest on a thin strip of wood.

No. 3.

No. a

NUPPLIKvS rOK KEE-KEEPERS— For Salo by 'riioniaj^ ti. l%eMinan & Son, Cliit^aeo, Ills.

340

^'MM sm^MMt^mm mmm jommnrnt^.

PRICES OF GUMMED LABELS,

As Shonu on Uie two Preceding Pages.

As will be noticed, each Label is numbered, the numbers on the
Labels corresponding with those in the following table of prices.
All the Labels shown on pages 134 and 135 will be printed on white
paper, either in black ink or in two colors, as desired. Orders must
be for 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000 and so on.

We can furnish these Labels with any changes in reading matter
that may be desired; or we can make a complete change of
matter lor other goods, such as Pickles, Maple Syrup, Horse-Radish,
etc., without extra charge.

The labels shown on the 3 preceding pages will be printed witli
your own name and address, on all where a name and address occurs,
and gummed ready tor use. The following prices are arranged by
numbers corresponding with tliose underneath each label :

In Black Ink.

No. of OCTA
Lube]. ^0\J

1 $1 00 .

2 45..

• 3 45..

4 1 35..

..1 25..

..1 00..

..1 00..

.. 15..

5U0 1000

«i

.'iO.
70.
70.

6.

7.

8.

9.
10.
U.
12
lo.
14.
15.
If).
17.
18.
19.

. 45.
.1 25.
. 75.
. 50.
.1 25.
.1 00.
. 75.
. 45
. 35.
.1 00.

S3 00
.1 00
.1 00

...1 75 3 10

...1 75 3 25

...1 .50 3 00

. ..1 .50 3 00

. . . 35 40

... 45 75

... 70 1 00

...1 75 3 35

. ..1 25 1 75

. .. 75 135

...1 75 3 25

..1 .50 3 00

. ,.1 35 1 75

... 70 100

.. 45 75

.. 150 3 00

In Two Colors.

250 500 1000

No. of
Label.

1 $1 25.... $1 85

3 70 100

3 70 100

4 1 75 3 10

5 1 75 3 10

6 1 35 1 85

7 1 35 1 85

S 35 40

9 45....

10 70....

11 1 50....

13 1 35....

IS 75....

14 1 50....

15 1 25....

16 1 35....

17 70....

18 45....

19 135....

.1ii3 50
..1 25
..1 25
..2 60

1 00

2 10
175
1 25

3 10
1 85
1 75
1 00

75 1 00

1 85 3 50

.3 25
.1 75
.2 75
.3 50
.3 21
.1 25

GLASS PAILS FOR HONEY.

These Pails are made of the best quality of
clear flint glass, with a bail and a metal top and
cover. When tilled with honey, the appearance
is unequaled by any other style of package.
They can be used for household purposes by
consumers, after the lioney is removed, or they
may be returned to and re-tilled by the apiarist.

Prices: To hold 1 lb. of honey, per doz. 81 60

3 lbs. " " 3 00

" 3 lbs. " " 3 50

They are packed in barrels containing 13, 6 and
4 dozen of each size, respectively. Discount 15
per cent, on orders for ttiose exact quantities.

Square Glass Honoy-Jai'S.

One pounds, flint glass, per gross $5 GO

Two " " " 650

Corks lor same, per gi'oss J5

Tni-Foil Caps for same, per gross 80

Labels tor same, per gross (name and address blank). . 75
These Jars, at the above prices, will be sliipped from Cuiciiinati,0.
We will not be able to fill any more orders for common glass jars.

JONES' FRAME PLIERS.

KEGS FOR EXTRACTED HONEY.

These kegs are designed to answer the popular demand for honey
in small packages, and when compared with large barrels holding
from 300 to 500 lbs. each, tliey are fully as cheap, and often cheaper.
They need no waxing, but should be thoroughly scalded with
boiling water before used. Do not soak them. Prices :

5 gallon kegs, holding a trifle over 50 lbs 40c

10 " " " " " 100 lbs 60c

17 " " " " " 1751bs 80c

We make the follow-
ing discounts on large
orders— 10 per cent, on
25 or more, !3J^ percent
on 50 or more, and 15
per cent, on 100 or more
kegs.

Considening tlie cost and trouble of waxing, the loss of honey by
leakage, and the ease with whicli the.se kegs can be handled "and
shipped, with an actual saving in orignal cost, it is apparent to all
that they are the best. Often a five or ten gallon keg of honey can
be sold where a barrel might go begging for a customer.

Whitman's Fountain Pump.

Price, by express or freight $8.00

BARI^ES'' FOOT-POWKU SAW^S.

A complete illustrated catalogue and price list of these machines
will be mailed free, upon application. Machines on trial if desired.

Hive-Clamps for Loose Bottom-Boards.

VAN DEUSEN.

Sample set, by mail, 15e

By express, per set, 10c

^^Per 100 Clamps (25 sets), $1.:

ACKERMAN.
__ Sample set, by mail, 20c

^g^mt By express, per set, . 1.5o

VAN IIEUSE.V.

ACKERMAN.

For takinK frames out of
hives, or moving them in any
way desired. It is made of
Japjuined ir<in, iias a long
claw for loosenint: frames,
and !i hoolt whicii may be
used to carry other frames
besides the one held by the
Pliers. Price, by express, 30
cts. : by mail, 40 cte.

Paper Boxes,

To liold a section of honey 4J^x4>4, or 5'4'x5i4', for retail dealers.
I'rices, $1.00 per 100, or $8..50 per 1,000.
IS' Name and address of bee-keeper, and the kind of honey
printed on 1,000 or less for 75 cents extra.

Metal Rabbets.

Any length, per foot Ic

For Langstroth Hives, 14 inches, eacli ic

Stanley's Automatic Reversing Honey-Extractor.

This extractor is now owned by Mr. E. R. Newcomb. We can
supply these machines at the following prices : 4-frame, $30.00 ;
3 frame, $16.00 ; 3-frame, S12.00. These prices are for the Lang-
stroth frame only, and they will be shipped direct to customers
from the factory in New York. If you want one for a frame of any
other size, you must send us a sample frame in order to avoia
mistakes.

J Tin Points, for Glassing Sections.

Put up in lots of 1,000, and sent by mail, postaid .50c

The same by express or freight 40c

From 5,000 to 10,000, by express, per thousand 30c

Square Tin Points at the same price as the above.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Little Detective Scales, }i ounce to 25 lbs $3 50

Honey-Gate for Excelsior Extractor 75

Novice's Metal Corners, per 100 50

Wire-Cloth for Extractors, 3 feet wide, tinned, per square foot 15

" " queen-cage.s, tinned, per square foot 2:J

" 14 mesh, painted 08

Gearing for IIoney-Extractor 1 50

Glass for Two-Pound Sections (.5x6 in.), per box of 340 lights. . 3 50

Wire for Foundation, per ounce spool, 3c by mail 05

" " " per 1-lb. spool, 35c " 53

Handles for Iloney-Gates, 35c " 40

Novice Iron Blocks for making metal-corner frames, 15c, " 25

Queen-Registering Cards, per dozen " 10

Scissors for clipping Queens' Wings " 50

SUPPLIES ron BEE-KEEPKRS— ror Salc by Thomas G. iVcwiiiaii & Son, Cliicago, Ills.

TH® MMERICMIM MMU JQURNSl,.

341

^■^■^^■^■^■^■^— ■- — ' — -

CI^lJKBi:%G I.IST.

We C;iiil» the Americiin Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted iu the I^AS X
column. The regular price of both is given
in the Hrst column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:
Price of both. Ctul
The American Bee Journal $1 00 —

and Gleanings in Bee-Culture — 2 00 — 175

Bee-Keepers' Guide 150. ..140

Bee-Keepers' Review 1 50 — 1 40

The Apiculturist 175.... 165

Bcc-Kec-|)(M-.«' Advance 150 140

CaiKidiiiii Bee Journal 2 00 ... 180

The 7 :ilpuve-n;iined papers 5 25 5 00

and Langstroth Revised (DadantI 3 00 — 2 75

Cook's Manual (1887 edition) 2 25.. . 2 00

Quinbv's New Bee-Keeping:. 2 50 — 2 25

DoolittleonQuecu-Rcaring-. 2 00 — 175

Bees and Honey (Newman).. 2 00 175

Binderfor Am. Bee Journal. 160 — 150

Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth). 3 00.... 2 00

Root's A B C ot Bee-Culture 2 25.... 2 10

Farmer's Account Book 4 00 — 2 20

•vyestern World Guide 1 50 ... . 1 30

Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150 140

A Year Among- the Bees 1 50 1 35

Convention Hand-Book 150. .. 130

■Weeklv Inter-Ocean 2 00.... 175

Toronto G lobe (weeklv) 2 00.... 1 70

History ot National Society. 150.... 125

Ameiican Poultry Journal.. 2 25 150

The Lever (Temperance) 200 175

l>o not send to us for sample copies
of any other papers. Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.

C'omplinientary Words. — Here are

some ot the newest expressions of satis-
faction from patrons who have purchased
supplies of us:

I have received the seed. Well, to tell the
truth, if a man could get supplies that
quick, when he wanted them, it would save
lots of money, and hard words, too. — C. K.
RE.\DiN(i, Davenport, Iowa.

The Singer Sewing Machine you sent me,
does splendid work. I am well pleased with
it. — G. Riff, Burlington, Iowa.

My bill of goods I ordered from you
reached me all right and iu good condition
— everything as I ordered. — Robt. Harvet,
Aurora, Ills.

' The Texas Farm and Rancli has the
following complimentary notice ;

The American Bee Journal, published at
Chicago, Ills., comes to our desk weekly,
loaded do^vn with good things for bee-
keepers.

CIiiI>!« of 5 New Subscriptions for Si. 00,

to any addresses. Ten for S7.50, it all are
sent at one time.

diapman Honey-Plant ii^eed.—

This plant has been commended by some of
the most experienced bee keepers in
America, as being "a most valuable acqui-
sition to the list of bee-forage plants." The
seed may be scattered in waste places, or
it may be sown in drills or hills like onion
seed. We can furnish the seed, postpaid,
at the following prices : Single ounce, 40
cents; 4 ounces, «;1. 00; 10 ounces, 83.00;
or one pound for $3.00.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

NEW YORK, May «.— Comb Honey is well
cleaned up, with the cvcoption of California
2 lbs., which sell at Kifnllc per lb. Extracted
is dull at 7c for Calilnrnia, white cli>\'er and
basswood; Soutlierj], 70(2i75c per gallon. Bees-
wax, scarce at 27((>i.28c.

HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,

28-30 West Broadway,

CHICAGO, May 2.— Receipts of honey are
light, and demau<l fair for choice white clover
at l.'!(ftl4c. Other grades are dull and neg-
lected. Extracted, 6Vi((!i7Hc. Beeswax, bright,
25(§)26c.; dark, 2:i<S<24c.

S. T. FISH & CO.. 189_S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, April 25.— Market is cleaned
up on comb honey. We quote: White 1-Ibs.,
14c.: 2-lbs., 13c. Dark 1-lbs., 10@a2e.: 2-lbs.,
10(glllc. Extracted is very dull sale at 5@7c.
No Beeswa.v in the uuirket.

CLEMONS, CLOON & CO..

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

CHICAGO. May 1.— Comb honey sells soon
after arrival, if white and otherwise desirable,
at 12, 13 and 14c; dark comb is slow at SQilOc.
Weather is cool and sccmingl.v favorable to its
sale. Extracted, tif^' sc, according to quality;
some with no distinct flavor has sold at 5c.
Beeswax— Yello"'. a)'()ut 27c: fancy. 28c; sup-
ply light. R. A. lU'RNETT. 161S. Water St.

MILWAUKEE. May 1.— Demand for honey
is rather light. Siii)piy is ample, of both comb
and extracted. We quote: Best white 1-lbs..
13(g)14c; medium 1-lbs.. ll(g)12c; common old
1-lbs.. 9(S!lOc. Extracted, white, in barrels
and half-barrels. 7(5i8c: dark, in Itarrcls and
half -barrels. 6@0;/2C. Beeswax. 2.")(r( -.'Oc: sup-
ply light. A. V. BISHOP. 142 W. Water St.

KANSAS CITY. May2.— The honey market is
cleaned up. We quote: 1-lbs. white, 12(gil3c.;
2-lbs. white. lOfi 11. Dark 1-lbs.. 8@10e.: dark
2-lbs.. 8(39c. Extracted, white, 6(516 !4c. ; dark.
5c. Demand good. Waiting for the new crop.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS. 514 Walnut St.

DENVER. May o.— One-pound sections. H®
16c; extracted, 7(0 9c. Demand good and sup-
ply likely to be exhausted before the new
crop comes in. Beeswax, 22((?i25c.

J. M, CLARK COM. CO.. 1517 Blake St.

DETROIT. May 2.— Comb honey is selling
slowly at 10(2il3c. Extracted, 7(Si8c. Beeswax,
scarce at 26@27c.

M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch. Mich.

CINCINNATI, May 1.— Demand is slow for
comb honey at 10(<iil4c. No choice white on
the market. Extracted is in good demand at
5((i)8c. Stock is low.

Beeswax is in good demand at 22@2fic. for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH & SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

CATARRH.

CATARRHAL DEAFNESS-HAY FEVER.

A New Home Treatment.
Sufferers are not generally aware that
these diseases are coutagious, or that they
are due to the presence of living parasites
in the lining membrane of the nose and
eustachian tubes. Microscopic research,
however, has proved this to be a fact, and
the result of this discovery is that a simple
remedy has been formulated whereby
catarrh, catarrhal deafness and hay fever
are permanently cured in from one to three
simple applications made at home by the
patient once in two weeks.

N. B. — This treatment is not a snuff or an
ointment; both have been discarded by
reputable physicians as injurious. A
pamphlet explaining this new treatment is
sent free on receipt of stamp to pay pos-
tage, by A. H. Dixon & Son, 337 and 339
West King Street, Toronto, Canada.—
Christian Advocate.

Sufferers from Catarrhal troubles should
carefully read the above.
50E26t Imly.

H^" Clubs for anything in our Premium
List may be for either of our Joihnals, or
for any number of either or both of them.

^(lucrtiscmcnts.

JAPAPISE BUCKWHEAT

PliKE SEKD.-Otio bushel. 90 cents; two
bushels lor §1,50- in bags.

i0A4t C. A. GRAVES. Birmingham. Ohio.

' Mention the Aine^'fan Bee .Toumal.

Knickerbocker Bee-Farm

SEND FOK

CIRCULAR AND CALENDAR

FOR 1890,

To riEO. H. KNICKERBOCKER,

Box 41. PINE PLAINS. Duchess Co.. N. Y.
20E2t

Mention the American Bee Journal.

OnnLBS.OFBEES

# I I I I 50 ITAliIAN QIEENS — af-

# I I I I ter May 24, at *1.00.

■■ W W S- C. PERRY,

Portland, Ionia Co., Mich.
20Atf
Mention the American Bee Journiil.

WllVTPft' TO EXCHANGE FOUNDATION
II mi I liV • tor Casli. Foundation first qual-
ity. Satisfaction guaranteed. For Brood. 40c;
for Sections. .'lOc per lb. Samples furnished.
19A2t WILMEK G. FISH, Ithaca, N.Y.

Mention the American Bee JoumaX.

Voice Of Masonryi Family Magazine.
Three yeart'a Paper and twenty-five 'i Masa-
ziue. N(>w unexcelled. Contains fine Portraits
and Illustrations, and a great variety of articles,
stories and p 'ems for Freemasons and their fam-
ilies; also Kastfrn Star, Masonic Gle»nings and
Editorial Bepiirtnieiits. Price per year, $3.00.
JOHN W. BROWN, Editor and Publisher,
182 & 184 ;s. rlark Streer, Chicago, Illinois.

BeeKeepim for Profit

IS THE TITLE OF

DR. TINKER'S NEW HAND-BOOK.

TT GIVES his NEW SYSTEM of the man-
X agement of bees complete, telling how to
get the Largest Yields of Comb and Extracted
Honey, aud make the industry of Bee-Keeping
a profitable one.

The claim is made that our old methods and
appliances arc of such a nature that it does
not pay. even the expert bee-keeper, to keep
bees, except in very favorable localities. The
New Book tells why these failures occur, and
how to prevent them, giving the general i.n-in-
ciples essential to a profitable system. The
work should be iu the bands of every pro-
gressive apiarist.

It is well illustrated, and will be sent, post-
paid, to an.r address, for 25 cents. Please
remit by postal note. Address.

DR. G. I.. TINKER,

20Atf New Philadelphia, Ohio.

BEES AND HONEY

Thr Dovetailed 8troneeBt, Kent aol
Cheapest BEE-II I VE fur all purpos-
("-. Pk-as'.-s evervhiidv. Send vour ad-
in -s to the Larffeitt' Itee-Hive Fae-
tory In the World for sample copy of
i;leunlnss In Bee Culture (a|l illua-
rrr^tod semi-moDthly). and a 44 p. illus-
:rat(-d catalocae of Itee'Eeeperft'
HuppUen. Our A B C of Bee Cul-
ture is a cyclopedia of 400 pp., 6x10, and
500 cuts. Price Id cloth. 51.25. fcT* Mention

thu paper. A. L ROOT. Medina, 0«

342

T-mm MMEKieMif mmm j,Q>'umnmi^.

COMBINED

MVIL, VISE m DRILL

The Handiest Tool in Use about a
FARM, SHOP, OFFICS OB HOUSE.

Price, Coiuplete, $4.00.

The Drill Attachment eaii be put on or taken
off instantly. Farmeis especially will find it
of g-reat convenience to be able to drill a hole
through a piece of Iron without making- a trip
to town. The Anvil and Vise combine strength
and durability, the whole making one of the
most complete and useful tools. Width of
Jaw, 1?4 inches.

THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

I ft^T '^^^ °^'^ prices on Bee-Hives, and new
lilfnl ones found. Send for Circular— fhke.
14Etf L.. J. TKIFF, Kalamazoo, lUioIi.

^[ention the American Dec Journal.

PARNIOLAN ^F^^^^t

I son from Imijorted Mothers, will be ready
\^ to send out the 1st of June. Send for
FREE Circular, to JOHN ANDREWS, Pattens
Mills, Wash. Co., N. T. lOEtf

Mention the American Bee Jourmil.

1890 ITALIAN (jUEEKS 1890

SIX young Queens, warranted purely-mated
for Jo. 00. English Rabbits, $1.00 per pair.
Mammoth Bronze Turkey Eggs, 25c.; 9 for
$2.00. Write for Circular.
14Etf J. T. WILSON, Little Hickman, Ky.

When Answering this Advertisement, men'

MIS Journal,

22n(l Annual Price-list iW^'ATi ''^p"""

My iiU\} HllllUai niUC-Llil ana Holylami Sees
Queens and Nuclei Colonies (a specialty) : also Sup-
plies—will be sent to all who send their names an'
addresses. H. H. BROWN,

I4B4t 23C2t Light Street, Columbia Co. Pa.

Mention Vie American Bee Journal.

Keepers'

REVIEW

R 50-eent monthly that gives
the eream of apieultupal litepatupe;
points out et^pops and fallaeious
ideas; and gives, eaeh nnonth, the
vietus of leading bee-keepePS upon
some special topie. ThPee samples
free. Send fop them, and leapn houj
t(S get the baek numbePs cheaply.

W. Z. HUTCHINSOfl, Flint, Jlieh.

lOEtf

Mention the American Bee Journal.

BEESWAX WANTED.

Bees-wax.— We will pay 85 cents per

pound, in Cash, for Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
ered here.

Itg~ To avoid mistakes, tlie name of the
shipper should always be on each pacliage.

THOS. G. NEWMAN &. -SON,

246 East Madison Street, CHICAQO, lL,L,a

WEBSTER'S

UNABRIDGED

ANCIENT EDITION.

A so-called "Webster's Unabridaed
Dictionary" is being offered to the public
at a very low price. The body of the book,
from A to Z, is a cheap reprint, page for
page, of the edition of 1847, which was in
its day, a valuable book, but in the pro-
gress of language for over FORTY YEARS,
has been completely superseded. It is
now reproduced, broken type, errors and
all, by photo-lithograph process, is printed
on cheap paper and flimsily bound. A
brief comparison, page by page, between
the reprint and the latest and enlarged
edition, will show the great superiority
of the latter. These reprints are as out
of date as a last year's almanac. No hoa-
orable dealer will allow the buyer of such
to suppose that he is getting the Webster
which to-day is accepted as the Standard
and THE BEST,— every copy of which
bears our imprint as given below.
B@*If persons who have been induced to
purchase the "Ancient Edition" by any
misrepresentations will advise ns of the
facts, W9 will undertake to see that the
seller is punished as he deserves.

G. & C. MERRIAM & CO.

SPRINGFIELD, MASS.

SOAlt

Cariiiolan Bees!

Pleasaiiteiiit Bees iu tlie World.
Hardiest to Winter.

Be8t Hoitey-Gatlierers.

Iu order to introduce not only the bees but
our paper,

"THE ADVANCE,"

We offer to any one who will send us $1.25, a
copy of our paper and a nice Carniolan Queen.
The Queen alone is worth $2.00. Address,

"THE ADVANCE," irieeliauicFalls, Me.

IGEtf
Mention the Atncrican Bee Jourtuil.-

AVIiolesale

and
etall.

RFF-suppL!Es;:

mw ^M !■ We furnish Everything- needed
in the Apiary, of practical con-
struction, and at the lowest price. Satisfac-
tion guaranteed. Send for our 40-i)age illus-
trated Catalogue— free to all. Address,

E. Kretclinicr, Red Oak, Iowa.

5A9t— 14E9t

WHEN ANSWERING THIS ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION TMI9 JOURNAL.

BEE-KEEPEKS> SUPPLIES!

WE are prepared lo furnish bee-keepers
with Supplies promptly, and at g-reatly
reduced rates. Estimates gladly furuisheti,
and correspondence solicited. Our goods are
unexcelled in quality and workmanship.

Italian QueeiiM and Bees at a very low
price. Send for large illustrated Price-List,
free. Alley's Queen and Drone-Th.\p and
Swabm-Hi\t:r alwaj's on hand.

A. F. STAIIFFEK & CO.,

40Etf STERLING, Whiteside Co., ILL.

Mention the American Bee Jmvnuil.

U/llVTl'll Reliable, energetic Agents. Salary
lliiillfilr from start — or commissions for
local men devoting part time. L. P. Thukston
& Co., Empire Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y.
18A.3t

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Scientific (Jueeii-Rearing

AS PKACTIC.\l.l.Y AFP1.IED ;

Being a Method by which tlie very best of

Queen-Bees are reared in perfect accord

with Nature's Way ; by

a. M. DOOLITTLE.

In this book the author details the results
of his Experiments In Rearing Queen-Bees for
the past four or Ave years, and is the first
to present his discoveries to the World.

Bound in Cloth— 176 pages— Price, $1.00,
postpaid ; or, it will be Clubbed with the
American Bee Journal one year, for $1.75—
with the Illustrated Home Journal, for SI. 75 ;
or the two Journals and the Book for $2.50.

1!^°° The same bound in paper covers, we
offer as a Premium for two nov sub-
scribers, with .SS.OO; or the cloth-bound
Book for tbree new names, with -SS.OO.

THOS. G. NEWMAN A: SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Job Lot of Sections

IVTE have a Job Lot of wide-top, one-piece
' » Sections, 1?4 thick and i}i wide by BJi
high. We will sell them, in lots of 500, for
*1..30, delivered at the Express or Freight
Offices here.

TKOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,
246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

SOMETHING NEW,

Our 1890 16-pnge Circular of Bee-Keepers' Supplies.
Send name on a Postal Card. Address,
6Etf JNO. NEBEL & SON, Hish Hill, Mo.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Electrotypes of Engraviiigs.

WE can furnish Electrotypes of all the
Engravings used in this Journal or in
our Catalogue, at 25 cents per square inch.
If to be sent by mail, add 10 cts. for postage.
No single Electrotype sold for less than 25 cte.
Measure from outside points shown, on both
length and width of the printed impression.

THOS. e. KEW^MASf * SON,

24G East Madison-Street. - - CHICAGO. ILLS.

Tlio liri<rlitai.<f 5-handed, Golden ITALIAN
IIIC IMIglllljM Bees and Queens, and the
Reddest DRONES. Very gentle; very pro-
lific; good honev-gathcrers— working on red
clover— and the MOST K,i.,iiflfiil BEES in ex-
istence! Took Fir.st I" itUllllll Premium
at Michigan State Fair iu 1S89. Sample of
Bees, 5 cts. Untested Queeus, before June 15,
Jl.So; afterJune 15, Jl.OO. Tested (at least 3
bands),«2; Selected, tested (4 bands) *.'i; Breed-
ing Queens (4 to 5 bands), $5.00. Virgin
Queens, 50 cts. ; 6 for $2.00. Safe arrival and
satisfaction guaranteed.

JACOB T. TIMPE,
ISESt Grand Ledsie, micli.

Mention ths American Bee Journal.

JtrST PtJBLISHKD

"PRACTICAL TURKEY RAISING'-

By Fanny Field. This book tells all
about turkey raising, from tile setting
of the eggs to the mamrity of the young
turks. If you follow the directions in
this book you need not lose a bird.
Fanny Field has had more experience
and succeeds better in raising turkeyR than any other
Iierson in America. She clears hundreds of dollars
yearly on them, and will tell you how she does it. ^ Price,
25 cents. Stamps taken. Address

THOMAS G. NEWMAN A: SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILLS

Hf^ TTIRAME, North Manchester, Ind
• VT. -IJ breeder of Italian and Car-
niolan Queens. Bees by the pound and
Nucleus. Price-List free. Reference— First ■
National Bank. lOEtf

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Tmm MMMRICMK MMW J@1UMK2EIL.

347

■-V—' PUBLISHED HY^ -r-

THOS. G.NEWMAN fcSOI*,

I'HICACO, tt^L,.

THOMAS G. MEWiMAI*,

EDITOB.

Vol, mi, May 24, 1890, No. 21,

Kxpres«s Cliarsres are often exhorbi-
tantly high, and complaints are many
concerning them, by those who get goods
sent in that way. We notice that a bill
has been introduced into the United States
Senate, the object of which is to so amend
the Inter-State Commerce Law so that all
Express Companies shall be placed under
the provisions of that law. The Express
Companies should certainly be placed
under restraint— just as reasonably as the
Railroad Companies. We should like to
see a law passed allowing the PostOffice to
transmit parcels of all kinds at reasonable
rates. That would bring down the express
charges in a hurry.

Judee W. II. AikIi-ows, of Mc-

Kiuney, Texas, is reported to be very ill.
This we regret to learn, and offer our
sympathy to the Judge, and hope for a
speedy recovery. The Texas State Bee-
Keepers' Association, of which he was one
of the projectors, at its late meeting on the
7 th inst, unanimously passed the following
resolutions of sympathy :

The Texas Bee-Keepers' Association, now
in session, have heard, with deep regi-et, of
the severe illness of Judge W. H. Andrews,
one of the oldest and most influential mem-
bers of this Association, and who has con-
tributed more than any other to its success,
and therefore be it

Resolved, That, as an Association, we
deeply sympathize with him and his family
m their deep affliction, and hope that his
useful life will be spared ; and

Besolvcd, That a copy of these Resolu-
tions be sent to him, as a memento of our
remembrance of him and our sympathy in
this hour of affliction, hoping for his re-
covery. Adopted.

W. R. Graham, Pres.
J. N. Hunter, Se&y.

Greenville, Texas, May 7, 1890.

Xhe Prospect now is excellent for a
good crop of honey, if no further set back
is in store for us. It has been cold for May,
but by the time this Journal is in the
hands of its readers, it will probably be
warm and pleasant, and summer will have
set in for good. Mr. C. H. Dibbern, in the
Western PUnrtnan, reports thus for
northern Illinois :

In this section the clover crop is now
entirely safe, aud the stand is exceptionally
good. Everything else also promises well,
and with good weather and prudent man-
agement, we ought to produce a large crop
of very line honey.

There is a time of scarcity in many places
after the fruit blossoms have disappeared.
It is a very good plan to do a little feeding
at that time, although the bees have-honey
enough to last until the clover begins to
blossom. When breeding is going on rap-
idly, the stores are being consumed at an
astonishing rate, and if honey is not coming
in, the queen soon takes the alarm, and
laying eggs is greatly diminished. It must
be remembered that now is the very time
that we want all the brood, in all the hives,
that we can possibly get there.

Protectin;; Itees in tlie SpriniSf.

— Prof. A. J. Cook remarks as follows on
this subject in the New York Tribune of
last week :

There is no longer any doubt that bees
do better, if, when removed from the cellar,
in our northern latitudes, they are pro-
tected by a double-walled hive ; or else,
when set out in the spring, a box (some-
what larger than the hive) is set around
the hive, and the space between— 3 or 4
inches — packed with chaff, shavings, ex-
celsior, straw, hay, or other like sub-
stances.

I do not want a hive that one person can-
not easily handle or carry, even when the
bees are in it. Thus I am an opponent to
chaff hives, which are expensive withal.
Yet we must be able to accomplish all that
the chaff hive will secure, as we set our
bees on the summer stands in the spring.

From our experience here at the Michi-
gan Experiment Station, last year and this,
I feel sure that every bee-keeper with
single-walled hives can well afford to make
special cases, or boxes, to set around the
hives.

We made 30 such cases this spring at a
cost, cover and all, of less than $1.00 each.
Prom appearances to-day, these protected
colonies are breeding so rapidly that their
added strength will secure more than a
dollar's worth of honey above that which
we will secure from the unprotected bees.
Why, then, make chaff hives'

This box is neat, costs less, does as well,
and when the season opens can be put aside
in some dry place until late autumn, or
even until spring, if we winter our bees in
a cellar.

Then during the usual honey season we
have the light hives, which are just as
valuable for service, and are very easily
handled or carried. We make these cases
neatly, and nail them slightly, so that at
the close of the chilly weeks of spring, we
can pack them away in the " knock down."
Thus they take but little room in summer.

Xo Beginners, Mr. G. M. Doolittle
gives the following sensible hints in Rural
Homes :

Never undertake to keep many bees until
you have become familiar with their

nature and habits. Where a person who
has no previous knowledge invests largely
in bees, the sequel almost always shows
that an entire loss of this investment is the
result. Indeed this is likely to be the result
in almost any pursuit in life, yet in no
other calling is a little knowledge as
necessary as in bee-keeping. Many do not
seem to realize how fast bees increase, even
if they are no more than doubled each
year. If a colonies are bought to start
with, 512 would be the number possessed
at the end of the seventh season, or 1,024
at the send of the eighth. Thus it is that
the bees increase as fast as does the knowl-
edge of the owner.

Xlie Xrembline Bee -Disease.—

We have received the following questions,
with the request that they be answered in
the Bee Journal:

We are having a very bad spring for the
bees in Vermont. Cold and windy days
have dwindled the colonies so that they are
weak in numbers. A good many colonies
have died in this vicinity, with plenty of
of honey in the hives. I have lost 25 of my
best colonies with the " nameless bee-dis-
ease,''after doing my best to save them. I
have 200 frames of worker-combs, clean
and nice, that I shall use for new swarms.
Please answer the following questions :

1. Will it be safe to use combs for new
swarms, that are taken out of hives that
the bees died with the nameless disease ?
2. How would it work to dip the combs in
strong brine, as salt as it can be made < 3.
Will the bees carry the disease from one
hive to another < 4. Will poor honey have
the tendency to bring on the nameless or
trembling disease ; C. A. Marsh.

Sharon, Vt., May 9, 1890.

1. Yes; the bees will clean them up.
There is nothing contagious about that
disease.

2. It would do no harm to the combs, but
it is not at all necessary. Salt is used for
the cure of the disease in the bees.

3. The bees, being diseased, communicate
the disease to other bees under certain
circumstances. A queen from a diseased
colony, when placed in a colony perfectly
healthy, communicated the disease to the
bees in a very short time.

4. Yes; that has been the experience of
many.

The following letter refers to the same
disease :

I want to ask a few questions about the
" nameless " or " trembling " disease. Is it
contagious ': Is it best to remove affected
colonies ! Mr. Christie, of Smithland, told
me that he at one time had a whole apiary
badly affected with the disease, and that he
got but little honey from them. He killed
them all in the fall ; he does not know
whether it is contagious or not. I had sev-
eral colonies affected last year, and during
the basswood honey-flow they became all
right, to all appearances. The affected
ones were all near together. Now this
spring the disease appears again, in about
the same number of colonies, but in differ-
ent parts of the apiary — I rather think that
they are the same colonies that were
affected lest year. Is there any danger of
the other colonies getting the disease ? I
have a notion to move every affected col-
ony to a separate yard. C. J. B.ieber.

Rodney, Iowa, May 10, 1890.

See answer to Mr. Marsh's letter, and
an article from Prof. Cook on page 353.

348

iFH® MidBmieMfif mmM j^ismmmi^.

'I'lie WorI<l*s Fair Apiarian
Exiiiltit. — In answer to the various
questions as to what has been done, or
what is intended to be done in reference to
the apiarian exhibit at the coming World's
Fail- — Dr. Mason has sent us the following,
to which we call particular attention ;

On page 184, Mr. O. S. Compton, in
writing of the bee-exhibit at the coming
World's Fair, says: "Let us hear from
Dr. Mason — what course he intends to pur-
sue," etc., and on page 276, Mr. J. E. Pond
asks, "Has any stir, as yet, been made in
regard to ' bee-exhibits ' at the World's
Fair ?" and the editor partially answers.

Knowing that it is a good plan to be on
hand in good time in Fair and Exposition
matters, as President of our International
Bee Keepers' Association, I wrote to the
presidents of the committees on the World's
Fair, in both Chicago and New York, as
soon as the committees were organized,
suggesting that provision be made for an
exhibit of everything used in connection
with bee keeping, and a gi-aud exhibit of
honey ; and in my address at the Interna-
tional Convention at Brantford,last Decem-
ber, I reported what I had done. By a
resolution, introduced by Mr. C. P. Dadant,
I believe, I was recommended by the Asso-
ciation as Superintendent of the Bee and
Honey Department at the World's Fail-.
The Michigan and New York State Bee-
Keepers' Associations have also made the
same recommendations.

Gratifying responses have been received
from the committee in charge at Chicago,
in regard to the exhibit, and when the
proper time arrives for making plans, the
interests of our industry will be looked
after. In the meantime, and as soon as
possible, I shall be pleased to have persons
interested in the success of the exhibit,
whether they intend to exhibitor not, write
me, making such suggestions as they may
think best, so that the best plans and
methods may be adopted for making the
exhibit a credit to the fraternity, an honor
to the Nation, and by far the grandest ever
made anywhere.

Nothing definite has yet been concluded
upon, and will not be until the complete
organization of the management under the
provisions of the World's Fair Bill, as re-
cently passed by Congress; but our plans
should be all ready to present when called
for.

I have thought of recommending that all
exhibits of honey be grouped together, and
that supplies be in another group near the
honey, and that each foreign country, and
each of the United States be assigned a
certain space, and, if so desired, each coun-
try and State have a Superintendent, who
shall be assistant to the General Superin-
tendent, the assistants to have charge of
the exhibits from their own locality, and
receive, put in place and care for such arti-
cles as may be sent for exhibition, and are
not accompanied by the owner or exhibitor.
The Assistant State Superintendents to be
ap)iointed (on the recommendation of the
Slate Bee-Keepers' Association) and paid
by the State making the appointment.

As soon as definite arrangements are
made, they will be made known through
the bee-periodicals. I have already re-
ceived letters of inquiry in regard to this
matter, and I would like to make a sugges-
tion. It is, that all making inquiries will
give their poKUoffirx address, sign their
nmiics to their letters, and each enciosc a
sta in j; for reply. As I "work for nothing

and board myself," this does not seem an
unreasonable request. I received a letter
the present week with the name of the
State left off, and if the post-master had
been careless with his stamp, I should
probably have been blessed by the writer
for not replying.

I wish that all who intend to exhibit
would let me know soon about how much
space they will probably need — that is,
about how many square feet of floor sur-
face. At the Ohio Centennial in 1888,
there were six principal exhibitors who
occupied an average of over 830 square
feet each, one using 70 square feet, and Mr.
A. I. Root's exhibit was crowded, although
he had about 400 square feet.

The States of Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois,
Wisconsin, Indiana, Michigan and Ohio
ought to average more than 1,000 square
feet each, to say nothing of other States
that will exhibit less, or even more, than
either of the above nan\ed

And then, in addition to this, I am think-
ing that perhaps our friend, Mr. R. Me
Knight, will be on hand, backed by a galaxy
of Canadians, and give us "Yankees" a
pretty close call for the honors.

What honey is to be exhibited will, of
course, have to be secured before 1893, for
the Fair will probably open about May 1.
I have been corresponding with some of
the best honey exhibitors, and shall write
to others to get their views as to the best
methods to pursue.

I would like to suggest to such of the
readers of the American Bee Journal as
are botanists, that they begin at once to
gather and prepare for exhibition such
honey-plants as grow in their locality. All
such plants could be put in one group and
make a grand display, or they could be
used to decorate the exhibit coming from
the State or country that the plants come
from. Perhaps it would be a good plan to
have the plants all mounted alike, and I
will try and secure the services of a good
botanist to give proper instructions in pre-
paring and mounting them, to all who
desire, or are willing to do so, if they will
address me, with stamps for reply.

Of course each State and Country should
have a large sign over its exhil>it, and
each exhibitor should also have his name
over his exhibit. Lay plans nmv for 1893,
and " have an eye out" for anything that
will help make a success of the honey
exhibit. Now send on the suggestions, and
let us work together to make the exhibit a
grand success. Do not say that there is
plenty of time yet, and put off to some
future time what you have to say.

A. B. Mason.

The suggestions of Dr. Mason are " timely
and good," and they should call out an
abundance of suggestions from all who
intend to make exhibits in the apiarian
department of the Columbian Fair in
1893. Begin early to make arrangements,
and then make the display the largest and
most complete ever made in the world,
and creditable for a great and progressive
fraternity.

Xlie Hen that was near-sighted, and
accidentally swallowed a bee, was not long
in concluding that hers was a " peck " of
trouble. It must have been a case of " hen-
pecked " bee, that time.

Ii:^~The Catalogue of W. T. Falconer
Mfg. Co., Jamestown, N. J., contains 34
pages, and a full list of Apiarian Supplies.

Xlie Ef'lect of Honey on the

human system was thus stated by Prof.
Frank R. Cheshire, F.R.M.S., in a lecture
before the Institute of Agriculture at South
Kensington, London, England :

All foods, if not already soluble (melt-
able) in water, such as bread, etc., have to
be so altered within us that they become
dissolved, and we call this solution diges-
tion. Honey, on the contrary, or the sugar
that we find in grapes, is already in the
condition for absorption or assimilation,
and really no kind of work has to be per-
formed upon it before it is actually ren-
dering us service as a force or heat pro-
ducer. If honey, then, as a food be a giver
of warmth to the system, a quickener of
nervous and muscular energy, and a sup-
porter of all vital functions, how impor-
tant it is that it should be obtaiued in a
pure condition.

Honey contains sugar in the form most
suitable to assimilation. On this account
it is desirable to take it in combination
with some less readily absorbed material.
Bread and honey has a time-honored mem-
ory, and is a combination as agreeable to
sound physiology, as it is to the sense of
taste. Children with rapidly developing
frames and irrepressible activity, instinc-
tively feel the value of sugars, and amongst
these, honey takes a place second to none
so far as the needs of the frame are con-
cerned, whilst its aroma gives it first place
on the list. The presence of a minute
quantity of an animal acid, lend in addition
a medicinal value, which in cases of sore
throat and some other ailments is well-nigh
universally recognized, while the Medical
Council of Great Britain recommend the
use of honey in no less than seven distinct
pharmaceutical preparations.

Complimentary Words. — Here are
some of the newest expressions of satis-
faction from our patrons :

I have received the seed. Well, to tell the
truth, if a man could get supplies that
quick, when he wanted them, it would save
lots of money, and hard words, too. — C. K.
Readinc, Davenport, Iowa.

The Singer Sewing Machine you sent me,
does splendid work, I am well pleased with
it. — G. RrFF, Burlington, Iowa.

My bill of goods I ordered from you
reached me all right and in good condition
— everything as I ordered. — Robt. Harvey,
Aurora, Dls.

During the year 1888, we had an adver-
tisement running in the American Bee
Journal, and we had the same in several
Daily and Weekly papers, but to our surprise
we received more than double the number
of responses from the advertisement in the
American Bee Journal, than from all our
others combined.

■The fact that we are still receiving letters
referring to our advertisement in the Bee
Journal, shows that it is preserved and read
long after it is received. Newspapers are
read and thrown aside and that ends it, but
the Bee Journal is preserved, and the
advertisements are often noticed and bring
responses long after they appeared in it.

We regard the American Bee Journal as
a first-class advertising medium.

Cedar Rapids High-Speed Engine Co.,
Henry Rickel, President.

m^" We always extend the term of re-
newal subscriptions from the date of
expiration on our books. Present sub-
scribers whose time may expire one, two,
three or six months hence, can safely
renew now, without fear of loss thereby.

TTHif wmBMicnn mmm joumr^KLr.

349

Honey l«r l».ysi>«' |H it's. — The New

York Tribune ot May 7, bas the following
item under its apfricultural heading :

A correspondent of Olctmmrjs in Bee-
Culture queries as to whether dyspeptics,
or those with vvliom "honey doesn't agree,"
ever tried heating extracted honey to the
boiling point before eating. He (weak of
digestion) found he could use it in this way
with less unpleasant after clt'ect. However,
certain persons cannot seeui to indulge in
this luxury without annoying result,
though they might, perhaps, by slow de-
grees, school the stomach to accept of it,
and in some cases it is probably the swal-
lowed comb that makes the trouble.

We should advise the use of milk, when
the honey disagrees with a weak stomach.
Milk assists digestion, and drinking either
sour milk (clabber) or butter-milk, is very
beneficial in cases of indigestion. It simply
tones up the stomach, while the use of
honey will give warmth to the system,
arouse nervous energy, and give vigor to
all the vital functions. Milk and honey are
grand things for poor humanity.

FaslciiiiisFoiiiidHlion in Brood-
Frames siiid Si'clions.

Written for the American Bee Journal

Susquehanna Co. Convention.—

The report of the recent meeting of this
bee-association is thus condensed by the
Secretary :

The Susquehanna County, Bee-Keepers'
Association metatHopbottom, Pa., on May
3, 1890, and various subjects pertaining to
bee-culture were discussed. H. H. Brown,
of Columbia county, being present by invi-
tation, cheerfully answered any questions
which those present saw fit to ask. The
following officers were elected for the com-
ing year : President, E. B. Smith, of New
Milford; Vice-President, C. J. Haight, of
Rush; Secretary and Treasurer, H. M.
Seeley, of Harford. The following is the
number of colonies in the fall and spring,
as represented by those present :
_,. ., Fall. Spring.

W. Johnson Baker 54 54

W.A.Green 36 34

S. A. Shook 52 51

P. R. Philips 7 7

Manley Mackey 7 7

D. C. Westbrook 11 11

C.E.Snyder 38 37

A.S.Taylor 43 40

E. P. Mack 8 8

John Buck 15 14

Bela Griffin 75 75

H. M. Seeley 34 23

Mrs. N. Conrad 39 38

C. J. Haight 173 170

E.B.Smith 44 41

A. G. Brush 90 90

G. A. Wright 175 135

F. W. Dean 81 75

G. W. Tiffanv 40 40

T. J.Tififanv." 17 17

C.D.Bennett 39 38

Harford, Pa. H. M. Seelet, Sec.

1^" We want of Volume 3 of the
Amekicax Bee Journal— July, 1866, to
June, 1867. Any one having it for sale
may send us a postal card, saying what
he will take for it. Do not send any
numbers before we order them, for we only
need one set.

Clul>!« of 5 New Subscriptions for $4.00,
to any addresses. Ten for $7.50, if all are
sent at one time.

Query 708.— 1. How do you fasten foun-
dation starters in brood-frames? 2. How
do you fasten them in sections; — Penn.

1. By the use of melted wax. 2. By use
of the Parker foundation fastener. — A. J.
Cook.

1. I fasten them on wires. 3. By means
of the Clark foundation fastener. — C. C.
Miller.

1. I have never used starters in brood-
frames ; with us, it has been full sheets or
nothing. 3. With melted was. — Mrs. L.
Harrison.

1. I use wired frames altogether, and
have no trouble. 3. I fasten in what few
sections I use with the little Parker fast-
ener.—J. E. Pond.

1. By the use of the Eclipse foundation
fastener. See Dadant's revision of Lang
stroth's book, page 375. 2. The Gray foun-
dation fastener is preferable to any that I
have seen. — J. M. Hambaugh.

1. We use full sheets in our brood-frames,
and fasten them in with melted wax and
rosin. 2. We use a Giwits press for fasten-
ing full sheets of foundation in sections.—
C. H. Dibbern.

We use a common pocket-knife, using a
slot to guide the knife ; or better, we use
the Hambaugh roller to press it on. Every
bee-man has his own way. — Dadant & Son.

1. By pressing firmly the foundation
against the triangular comb-guide. I have
all my frames with this guide. 2. Have a
pan of melted wax at hand to dip the edge
of the starter in, a.ud then apply to the sec-
tion. With me, this plan is more satisfac-
tory than the foundation fastener. — J. P.
H. Brown.

1. I make my foundation on wired
frames, in a Given press, and run melted
beeswax along the top-bar to make all
secure. 2. With a Parker fastener ; but if
I made a businessot producing comb hone.Y,
I would use Clark's, as recently improved.
— A. B. Mason.

I have a contrivance of my own for fast-
ening foundation in frames and sections,
which I prefer to any other that I have
seen. By it the wax is melted at the edge,
and suddenly crowded against the wood.
If done with any care at all, the fastening
is perfect. In brood-frames I use wire, in
addition. — R. L. Taylor.

1. The top-bar has a saw cut ^5 of an
inch deep ; the foundation is placed in this
slot, and fastened with melted wax and
rosin. 2. For sections, I use a machine
that fastens the foundation with a hot iron;
with it, starters or whole sheets can be put
in faster, better and cheaper than by any
other way that I know of. — H. D. Cutting.

1. In doing this, I have a block .iust half
the width of the frame, which will just fit
inside of it nicely. Then I have a thin but
strong knife (made of some hard variety of
wood), with which the foundation is firmly
pressed against the thin strip of wood,
which projects from the top of the frame.
The foundation should be kept in a warm
place until used ; and the knife occasion-
ally dipped in honey. 2. For sections, I
use, with perfect satisfaction, the Parker
foundation fastener. — Will M. Barnum.

1 . Sometimes in one way, and sometimes
in another. Usually, by laying the founda-
tion flat on the under side of the top bar,
and tacking on it a thin strip of wood, and
then bending the foundation against the
edge of the strip, so that it will hang per-
pendicular. 2. By dipping the edge of the
starter in a melted mixture of beeswax and
rosin.— M. Maiiin.

1. I use a frame-holder to keep the frame
in proper position, and press the edge of
the starter fast to the top liar with a com-
mon putty-knife. The starter is then bent
to the proper position. Full sheets are
fastened in tlie same way, except they are
treated to warm wax on the opposite side,
to prevent the tendency to peal off when
weighted with bees. 3. I use an improved
"Parker fastener," of my own devising,
that does the work effectivelj' and rapidly.
— G. W. Demaree.

To fasten foundation in brood-frames or
sections, and do it expeditiously, requires
skill and practice by any method to do it
as it should be done. If there is a more
rapid, economical, or better method than
the one given in my new book, by the use
of melted beeswax and a suitable camel's-
hair bru-sh, I should like to know it. At all
events, fastening the foundation in 200
sections per hour is fast enough.— G. L.
Tinker.

1. If whole sheets are used, wired frames
are best. If only starters, melted beeswax
used as with sections. 2. I have tried va-
rious foundation fasteners, but never any
plan has succeeded better than a basin of
melted beeswax kept at the proper tem-
perature over a lamp. A block half as
thick as the section is wide, and nearly as
large as the section when folded, nailed on
a larger one. A small brush is kept in the
melted wax. With one stroke, the starter
can be fastened in so thoroughly that not
one in a'thousand falls. The work can be
done quite rapidly, too. — Eugene Secor.

I have always fastened foundation start-
ers in brood-frames with a putty-knife. My
employe will put on from 75 to 100 per
hour, and put them in nicely. We have a
little wooden form fixed to support the
frame just right, and adjust the foundation
to the right place in the frame. Probably,
if I was beginning in the liusiness, and
using foundation-guides, rather than full
sheets on wires, as I do use, I should use a
large fastener, made upon the lever princi-
ple, the same as the Parker, which is the
one we use for putting foundation in sec-
tions. Right here let me digress to say,
that a foundation-guide 4 or 5 cells wide,
liefore it is mashed on, and 3 or 4 cells after
being mashed on, is much better than a
guide 2 or 3 inches wide. Try both ways,
and you will see the reason why. — James
Heddon.

1. If the top-bar of the frames is triangu-
lar, cut in the upper edge of a pile of the
foundation, with a sha."p knife about an
inch from the top edge, and from one end
to the other about 2 inches apart. Then
take a sheet and bend each alternate piece
thus cut forward, and bend back the other
alternate pieces; then these will fit over
the thin edge of ■ the V top-bar. Press into
the wood with a knife, chisel, or any suit-
able tool. 2. Use a Parker foundation
fastener. — The Editor.

If any one wants a club of two or
more weekly or monthly periodicals, be-
sides one or both of our Journals — send us
a Postal Card, and we will then quote the
lowest possible price, by return mail. The
number is too gi-eat to enumerate.

350

TMm MMBmiC'MK mm® jo^orkme^.

PRIZE ESSAY.

Extracted Honey — Its Flavor,
and Hoiv to Secure It.

Written for the American BceJuumal

BY T. F. BINGHAM.

The first requisite of extracted honey
is that peculiar to all fine honey,
whether extracted or in the comb,
namely, delicious flavor. It is not be-
cause honey is so sweet, that honey is
so sought after, neither because so
beautiful, but from its peculiar flavor.

It is true that those buying honey
buy that which is the lighter in color,
but the color is used as a number,
trade-mark, or brand, the association
of which with the taste of the pur-
chaser is linked that most fascinating
odor and combination of acids and
sweets upon which is based true epi-
curean taste.

Once master of those qualities and
combinations found alone in honey,
a high degree of excellence in the
commodity can alone maintain its
lofty position as a dainty luxury of the
most appetizing kind.

It is not too much to state that honey,
as honey, does not always meet the
gasti'ic delight anticipated by the pur-
chaser. It is this disappointment that
has brought extracted honey to its
market rate, and widened the measure
of values between honey in the comb
and combless honey.

Having touched at a few salient
points relative to the reasons why
honey holds a higher market value
than sugar — that merely sweet com-
modity, so much prized because it has
nothing to render it more than a culi-
nary necessity — it may be well to state
that while sugar is simply sweet, that
is its greatest recommendation as
an essential in cooker}'. Had it flavor,
however delicate or peculiar to itself,
yet no greater or more delicate than
the choicest honey in the comb, it
would be objectionable as a sweetener.

The delicate flavor of that most-
prized table luxury — tea — would be
obliterated by the stronger flavor of
the sugar, and tea would become to
all as it now is to the older users of it
— only prized when not sweetened.
Thus it will be observed that only the
deodorized or granulated sugars are
used to sweeten cofl'ee or tea.

With the foregoing carefully kept in
mind, the easy analj'sis of those pecu-
liarities found in the choicest comb
honey, which exalt it so high in the
realm of pure and healthful luxuries,
will be at once understood. I shall

not attempt to explain in detail why
"extracted honey" as a phrase has
failed to touch the public heart as a
term or phrase signifying honey ; I
do not mean to be understood that
" extracted honey " is adulterated, or
that it ever has been, but that, as a
rule, without adulteration it signally
fails to make for itself a perennial
market.

Careful eftbrt has led me to regard
the extracted-honey market as an ap-
pendage due to comb honey, which
has, in spite of every and all eftbrts,
maintained in the public mind a reali-
zation of the old and oft-repe»ted quo-
tation— " Sweeter than honey and the
honey-comb."

To those not expert in the kinds or
varieties of honey, a clear and distinct
conception of it cannot reasonably be
supposed to exist, hence the easy and
natural confidence reposed in that
sweet word " honey !"

While the innocent purchaser does
not feel that he has been imposed upon
or deceived in his purchase, he does
not fail to realize that either honey
differs, or the tastes of its devotees
dift'er widely from his.

I will now use a parallel industry
and some of its methods, to illustrate
in part how this thing that we have so
long tried to show is not strained
honej', does not help us to explain.
The cane-planters of Louisiana under-
stand perfectly well what portion of
the blue cane makes the refined sugar ;
also that the very hour and moment
that the sweet juice is pressed from the
air-tight stalk, that juice must be
boiled, else it will yield very little re-
fined sugar.

The careful analysis of the expert
methods of maple sugar manufactur-
ing, demonstrates how valuable is
time, and how fatal the exposure of
sap before boiling, in the production
of a strictly No. 1 sugar. Yet we no-
tice bee-writers advocating the extract-
ing of honey before the combs are
sealed, and exposing this "green"
nectar in open vessels to undergo
evaporation without heat in order to
ripen. What would a sugar maker
say of such advice ? What sage has
succeeded in finding out in what re-
spect the juice of flowers dift'ers from
the juice of the cane or the sap of the
maple ?

I assume without fear of coutrover-
tion.that until the same rational methods
are brought to bear upon the produc-
tion and management of combless
honey, that obtains in the management
of cane and maple sugars, there will
remain the same reasonable distaste
for " extracted honey," and the same
futile eflbrt to show that extracted or
fluid honey is not "strained honey,"
that has clung to the liquid article

ever since the invention of the ex-
tractor.

Musicians sometimes have recourse
to a little simple instrument to enable
them to judge of tone, or to place
their voice or instrument in the proper
key; if those, who wish to determine
accurately' the quality of combless
honey, will obtain a choice one-pound
section of clover hone)- — all sealed —
and after taking it from the section
pare oft' thatpoi-tion of the comb which
joins the section on all four edges, so
as to remove every possibh' unsealed
cell ; then place the remaining comb
in a thin, clean strainer-cloth, and
hang in a warm place until the whole
is warmed to a point at which the
honey will run freely, and then crush
the comb and press out the honey at
once, they will have a test or " tuning-
fork " by which to judge of the char-
acter and flavor of combless honey.
If, then, it should be desired to keep
or preserve for future reference this
standard, place it in a vial which it
will completely fill, cork tightly, and
place in a cool, dark place.

Now, whenever a doubt exists as to
whether liquid honey is as good as it
is possible to have it, sample it beside
the test, and decide by the standard.
I need not say that such honey would
soon make for itself a market, and do
away with the cry of adulteration, so
much used in connection with ex-
tracted honey ; neither that the market
could be glutted with it. Every bee-
keeper knows that there could be but
one answer.

By the above, first, I trust that it
will be understood that good combless
honej' cannot be obtained bj' extract-
ing nectar or unsealed honey ; second,
that combless honey, if properly man-
aged, is simply separated from the
comb, and in no sense ditlerent ; and
third, that the degradation of nomi-
nally extracted honey in demand and
price, is due to its injudicious treat-
ment.

Abronia, Mich.

FOUL BROOD.

Bulletin by the IVicliigan Agri-
cultural College.

BY PROF. A. J. COOK.

By special request of several bee-
keepers, I am led to issue a bulletin
upon this the most serious malady that
ever attacks bees in this or an}' other
country. The problem of safe winter-
ing, once so important, is now solved,
and the intelligent apiarist feels no
longer any dread of winter's cold.
Foul brood is now the bee-keeper's
terror. Like the cholera — a disease
which is close akin to foul brood —

Ttmm mfmrnrni^'Mn mmm jourimjkiu.

351

anioung our own kind, so this disease
comes into the bee-community lilve a
terrible scourge, and if the bee-keeper
is ignorant, incautious, or indifferent,
it abides with him until it starves for
want of bees on which to feed. Ter-
rible, and terribly fatal as this disease
is known to be, experience has proved,
certainly, that with full knowledge,
and as great care, it can be kept in
check, and wholly cured, and that with
not very serious labor and expense.
The very nature of the disease makes
CAUTION the ALL IMPORTANT thing in its
management and cure.

FUNGOID DISEASES IN GENERAL.

Foul brood, like the Asiatic cholera,
tuberculosis, swine plague, etc., is the
result of the growth and development
in the animal tissues of myriads of
very minute microscopic plants, which
are called micro-organisms, or microbes.
The disease, like consumption, Asiatic
cholera, swine and chicken cholera,
etc., which result from the presence in
the tissues of such organisms, are
called " fungoid," as the organisms
that produce them are fungi, which
reproduce by division or fission. Thus
the little, rod-like or spherical bodies
separate into two precisely similar
parts, and there are two instead of one
organism.

Many animals reproduce in the same
way. Some of these also develop
round, seed-like bodies, called spores ;
these are very minute, and, if placed
in the proper seed-bed, will again de-
velop into the mature, larger microbes.
These spores, the microbes' seed, are
exceedingly minute. Thousands might
be on dress parade, and yet, so many,
shoulder to shoulder, they could not
be seen unless the microscope were
called to our aid.

Again, they are very persistent.
Dried up, they will live for years, may
be ages, ready, if properly sown on the
right soil, to again produce the swarms
of life, that feed on death. Hence the
danger ; hid by their very minuteness,
they come all unrecognized, and find
no fences to stay their progress.

The endurance of the spores — often
retaining their vitality for years in
some dry crevice or corner awaiting in
a dried-up dormant condition, the
proper conditions (a suitable soil, if
we may so speak), when they will de-
velop, increase enormously, and again
bring death and disease — also makes
these micro-organisms able to work
the most dire mischief. Thus the sub-
tle nature of these spores, their invisi-
bility and persistence is what makes
the diseases they cause so alarming
and so dreaded. They come as still
as the death they cause : their very
presence is unknown until their fright-

ful work is accomplished. Hence it is
that such perfect knowledge, and ab-
solute caution is necessary to combat
these fearful plagues.

It is one of the chief glories of
Science that she has unveiled the
mysteries of thesis tiny destroyers, and
revealed the sword that shall lay them
low. These micro-organisms are sep-
arated into different groups from their
form, etc. Thus the micrococci are
globular, and reproduce by division,
in which process they assume the form
of a dumb-bell. The bacteria are
chain-like, or in form of short rods,
while the genus bacillus, which in-
cludes our foul brood microbe, con-
tains organisms that are in form of
straight rods or filaments. The other
genus, spirillum, contains spiral forms
which move by a curious and interest-
ing augur-like motion. All of these
cause decomposition of the material
on which thej- work.

The substances that arise in this
decomposition either go to nourish the
microbes, or are given off as excreta,
just as we excrete carbonic acid in our
life economy. Thus in sweet liquids,
these cause fermentation, as when
cider changes to alcohol and then to
vinegar. In meat and other dead ani-
mal-tissues they cause putrefaction.
Rot then is simply the feeding of count-
less millions of these micro-organisms
on the tissue that is decaying. They
cannot work in the absence of spores,
heat or moisture. Hence by heating
our fruit to kill the spores, and then
sealing to keep the spores out ; by drj'-
ing our meat, and bj- placing it in i-e-
frigerator cars, we make it impossible
for these microbes to work, and so pre-
vent decay.

The forms that live on live animals
and tissues, just as truly produce de-
composition, disorganize the tissues,
and thus cause disease, may be death.
Sucli are the microbes that produce
cholera, consumption, and diphtheria
among people, and foul brood among
bees.

From the very nature of these micro-
organisms we see that it is incumbent
on us (would we fence them out) not
to introduce the spores, the seeds of
these most terrible weeds ; to prevent
the spread of seeds if the organisms
are once introduced; and to destroj-
the organisms when once they gain a
foothold. The first two points — keep-
ing them off and preventing the spread
— are the most important. This re-
quires great care and caution ; but
with full knowledge of all the facts, is
doubtless entirelj'iDossible.

Thus we have reason to hope and
expect, that with fuller investigation,
we shall be able to escape some of the
very worst maladies that now atiiict
our race.

WHAT IS FOUL BROOD ?

This is the result of the growth and
development in the brood of bees, of
a bacillus, which has been named by
Mr. Cheshire, " bacillus alvei." These
bacilli look like .short rods, and when
magnified 1,000 times, appear about
one-fourth of an inch long. Thus we
see that they are exceedingly minute —
only 1-4 000 of an inch long ; and yet
the spores are even smaller — from one-
third to one-half as long. I have
stained specimens taken directly from
diseased bi'ood, and from cultures in
tubes, whore a little of the decayed
Isrood was placed in preparation of
beef decoction. In this last case the
media in the tube was soon swarming
vfith the bacilli. All look just alike,
and just like those from the decaying
brood.

If we take a section of a rather small
black pin one-fourth inch long, we
will have just about the appearance of
these stained foul brood bacilli. From
what we have already learned by these
organisms in general, it is easy to
study this special foul-brood bacillus.
The minute ovoid spores are brought
to the hive probably in honey fed to,
or brought in t)y, the bees. It is easy
to see how honey in a diseased colony
of bees would receive these spores. It
is difficult to see how it could be free
from them.

The spores might also be introduced
by giving combs containing the dis-
eased brood, or which had previously
contained it, to the bees, and so now
would have the dormant bacilli or
spores. Undoubtedly foul brood is
usu.ally first introduced through the
honey, while it is often spread rapidly
by an exchange of combs in an apiary
where only a few of the colonies are
affected. While the bacillus cannot
develop in the honey, very likely the
honey serves admirably to hold and
preserve the spores.

APPEARANCE OP THE BROOD.

When the larval bee is once affected,
it is disturbed, lies differently in the
cell from the healthy larva, soon turns
yellow or straw color, then to brown,
while the skin seems loose and flabby.
Later the mass becomes thick and
viscid, and turns dark brown, the
color of coffee before any cream is
added to it. It then dries up. and at
last forms a thin layer over the bottom
of the cell. While in the putrid coftee-
colored state, if drawn out from the
cell b}' inserting into it a pin-head, it
is stringy, and if it fails to hold to the
pin, it will fly back. This brown,
stringy, elastic mass, with no resem-
blance to a larva or pupa, is, I think, a
sure proof of the presence of the dread
malady.

352

T'MW MJMMMl^MM MMM J^&WMHMI^.

The larva may never be capped
over, but if attacked late in its devel-
opment, it usually will be. This cap,
however, will appear sunken or eon-
cave, instead of being convex or
rounding out as the cappings of brood
always are when the brood is health}-.
These sunken caps are always sus-
picious, and should always lead to
close investigation. Little, irregular
holes in the cappings are often ob-
served, which also should awaken sus-
picion.

Another indication, not always
marked in the earl}- stages, is a rank
smell, which has been compared to the
odor of deca3-ing brood that has been
chilled. Often this odor, in severe
cases, is veiy marked, and can be de-
tected while the hive is closed, and
several feet from the one perceiving
it. I have had many samples of foul
brood sent me, and often my children
would speak of foul brood, detecting
it by the odor, even before the package
was opened.

We see, then, how we may surely
determine if our bees have this ter-
rible malady. If the bees languish,
and ivefind the dark,stringy, salvymnss.
which is elastic, in the cells ; if many of
the caps are sunken and pierced with
irregular holes, then we may be sure
of the presence of foul brood. If the
foul, nauseating odor is present it will
also aid in the determination ; though
it will not be very conclusive earlj' in
the attack, before the affection be-
comes extensive.

Mr. Cheshire thinks that the mature
queen, workers and drones are also
subject to attack, and frequentl}- suc-
cumb to the disease. He thinks he
has taken spores and the bacilli from
the blood of the bees, and the spores
from the eggs of the queen, which he
took from the ovaries before the eggs
were laid.

Senator R. L. Taylor, of our own
State, President of the International
Bee-Keepers' Association, who has had
an extended experience with foul
brood, and has conquered it, also
thinks that it attacks the mature bees.
If this be true, it is hard to explain the
most satisfactory remedy, which on the
hypothesis that the disea.se is confined
to the brood, and the spores to the
honey and cells, is very easily ex-
plained.

That the dry spores are not wafted
by the wind from the hive, seems evi-
dent from the fact that colonies ad-
jacent to diseased ones seem no more
likely to contract the disease than
those in distant parts of the bee-yard.
This, in connection with the fact that
robbing spreads the disease rapidly,
seems to show that the contagion is
carried in the honey.

PREVENTING AND CURING FODL BROOD.

It goes without saying, that we
should be very careful not to introduce
combs, or honey from diseased colo-
nies into our apiaries, or permit our
bees to gain access to such comb or
honey ; neither is it best to get bees
from foul-broody apiaries, for though
it would seem that the bees cannot
convey the malady, yet it might come
in comb or honey.

For like reason, in case foul brood
comes into our bee-yards, wc must
quarantine all diseased colonics, and
spare no pains to prevent the bees from
healthy colonies getting either at the honey
or comb from the foul-broody hives. We
must remember the subtle nature of
the enemy, the vitality and minuteness
of the spores, else we will not practice
the caution necessary to prevent the
spread of the disease.

Only the most extreme caution and
pain.staking, when foul brooil is once
introduced into an apiar}-, will prevent
its spread to the entire apiary. Hand-
ling the bees at all, and especially if
the bees are not gathering, and so will
be fiercer to rob, is very likely to
spread the disease. It is all-important
that the apiarist knows the imminent
danger of the disease spreading, in
case it gains a foothold in his apiary,
and regulate all his work accordingly.

REMEDIES FOR FOUL BROOD.

It is often suggested that all diseased
colonies can be destroyed — either
burned or buried — as soon as the dis-
ease is detected in an apiary. For the
ignorant or careless, either or both,
this is the wi.sest counsel. For the
intelligent who will study into the
matter fullj-, and practice the neces-
sary caution, it is not wise or desira-
ble. Two substances, long known as
powerful fungicides, have been suc-
cessfully used to conquer foul brood.
One is a dilute solution of salic3'Iic
acid, the other a solution of carbolic
acid.

Mr. Hilbert, of Germany, who was
among the first to use salicylic acid,
dissolved the powder in ten times its
own weight of spirits, and one drop of
this in one grain of water was used to
spray the uncapped brood.

Mr. Muth mixes borax with the acid,
when it is soluble in water. He uses
8 grains of each substance in one ounce
of water. This is thrown on the dis-
eased brood, and, to be effective, must
of course touch evei-y affected larva —
every colony of the death-dealing
bacillus. In actual practice, it seems
so difficult to be absolutely thorough,
that this remedy does not give satis-
faction.

Mr. Bertrand has found success in
fumigation, by heating salicylic acid
and forcing the fumes over the un-

capped brood. The fault with this is
the same as with spraj-ing — unless very
thorotigh, it fails of success. It is how-
ever well to mix this solution with
honey or syrup, and feed it to the bees.
This prevents the disease sreading so
rapidlj- — simply holds it in check till
cured.

The carbolic-acid remedy, althougli
previouslj' used with success, has been
more thoroughly employed by Mr.
Frank Cheshire than any one else.
Mr. Cheshire sprays with a 1-50 solu-
tion of phenol-crystals of carbolic acid
— and pours on and around the brood
1-500 solution of the same. The aim
is to touch all diseased larvaj with the
solution, and also to feed the bees with
medicated syrup, that spores and ma-
ture microbes may all be destroyed.
Without doubt this remedy is good in
theory, but like the salicylic acid, it is
not usually satisfactorj- in practice. It
is found to hold the disease — or the
enemy — in check, but it often fails to
exterminate it.

It would seem from the reports in
America, even from our most careful
men, that it is difficult to make this
treatment sufficiently thorough to root
out the disease. Like salic3lic acid,
so, too, carbolic acid, or phenol, as it
is often called, is helpful to feed in
syrup to the bees, as it seems to hold
the malady in check ; and also very
excellent as a wash which the apiarist
should always have at hand. After
handling the combs of a foul-broody
colony, the bee-keeper should at once
wash his hands in a dilute solution of
one of these substances, that he may
run no risk of spreading the disease.

TRANSFERRING FOR FODL BROOD.

Years ago that astute and justly re-
nowned bee-keeper, Mr. Quinby, an-
nounced the "fasting method" to cure
" foul brood." He drummed the bees
out of their hive into any box, then
placed them in a cellar till thej- were
nearly famished of hunger, then he
"run them" into a clean hive on un-
tainted combs. With sufficient care,
he found this invariably a sure cui'e.

Mr. D. A. Jones, Dr. A. B. Mason,
and many others have confirmed this
statement of the great New York bee-
keeper. It would seem from this, that
no disease or disease-germs could rest
upon or dwell within the bees ; that all
must exist either in the honey, the
brood, or in and about the cells. Of
late, many bee-keepers have shown
that the delay and fasting are not
necessary. If the bees are simply
"run into" clean, untainted hives,
either upon foundation or empty
frames, they escape the disease, and
are cured. This would show that even
if the honey is consumed before there

XMK aMERICKN BE1& JQURISKI,.

y5::5

is younir brood to feed, all thuiger is
escapt'il — the colon)- is cuii'il.

The hest time to cure foul brood is
during a honey-flow. Then there will
be less danger of robbing, and, as we
have seen, robbing is one of the most
read_y ways to spread the disease.

About four weeks before the prob-
able end of the honey harvest, cage
the (pieen inside the hive. As soon as
the brood is all developed, place a new
hive where the old one stooil, tilled
with foundation, and shake the bees,
queen and all, in front of this hive
upon some paper that can be burned.
This must be done under a bee-tent, or
at nightfall when the bees have all
ceased to &y. We cannot be too careful
to prevent spread of the contagion.

Now burn the papers, extract the
honey, and melt up the combs. The
honey may be boiled and fed back to
the bees ; but if not boiled, great care
must be taken that the bees do not get
any of it. The old hive may be placed
for some minutes iu boiling water, or
else burned. No bees must be per-
mitted to visit it until it is boiled. If
we discover affected colonies after the
honey-flow, we had better leave them
till a subsequent harvest, or till the
next season. Else we must, by use of
of a bee-tent, distance or time — late in
the day — be absolutely certain that in
our manipulations no other bees are
exposed.

When bees are idle and fierce to rob,
the danger is so great that only the
greatest caution would make it safe to
attempt treatment out of the honey
season. The object of caging the
queen is, that it makes only one opera-
tion necessary, and so lessens the dan-
ger. In extracting the honey from the
diseased colony, great caution is like-
wise required that no bees get to it,
and so contract the disease. In case
colonies are kept over for treatment
until the next season, they should be
fed the medicated syrup — salicylic-acid
soliition^inside the hive after night-
fall, and every caution taken to pre-
vent robbing. Bees must be kept
away, or the disease will spead all
through the apiary.

It seems strange that with the readi-
ness of this malady, from its very na-
ture, to spead, and with the bee-trees
'.n the forest, which are beyond our
control, that the- malady once in a
locality does not always remain there.
The disease was once terribly virulent
about Detroit, Toledo, Jackson, etc.,
yet now these localities are free from
the plague. It seems that the disease
dies out in time, just as cholera, yellow
fever, etc., disappear. Why it lets go
its gri]), is not understood.

If the honey is not the bearer of
germs, as Mr. Cheshire believes, it is
hard to understand why feeding it so I

rajiiilly spreads UuMlisease. If Ihc oUl
bees and queen bear the germs, and
are victims to th(! malady, as both Mr.
Cheshire and Senator Taylor ai'gue, it
is hard to understand how the trans-
ferring remedy is so effective as all
who have used it concede it to be.

THE NAMELESS BEE-DISEASE.

Within the past few years much com-
plaint has been made bj' bee-keepers,
of a disease among bees, which not
only depleted the colon)-, but was
made manifest b}- the appearance of
the diseased bees. They look black,
because of loss of hair, much as do
robber bees, or old bees in spring, and
frequently make strange motions in
front of the hives, as though dancing
or in convulsions. They are frequently
dragged out of the hives by the other
bees.

This, like foul brood, is supposed to
be due to fungoid attack. In this,
only the mature bees seem to become
victims, though the inoculation appears
to come through the queen. Thus it is
found that superseding the queen
with a healthy one, cures the malady.
It is also reported that abundance of
salt water placed close by the hives,
where the bees can gain readj' access
to it, will cure this " nameless bee-
disease."

It would seem that this malady is the
same that has received attention in
Europe, and which Mr. Cheshire has
said was due to the attack of bacillus
gaytoni.

Agricultural Coll.,Mich.,Apr.l5,1890

BEE-FEEDERS.

Need of a Feeder for Winter
and Spring Use.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY S. J. YOUNGMAN.

Bee-keeping has made wonderful
strides in the past quarter of a century.
This was forcibly brought to my mind
while recentlj- talking with a gentle-
man living in Greenville, Mich., and
well acquainted with some of .its early
history. He was speaking of Mr.
Moon, who was trying to enlist interest
in the Harbinson hive, in that vicinity.
Having a knowledge and experience
at that time far above the average
bee-keeper, he soon had some of the
business men interested, and he soon
made a sale of the State of Minnesota,
to Manning Rutan, a wealthy mer-
chant, for a mile square, or 640 acres
of pine timber land near Greenville.
Although not very valuable at that
time, if the timber was now standing,
it would be worth $200 per acre, or
$128,000. The hive used by him is
still in existence, and in a good state

of i)rcsiTv:ili(ii]. and would Ijc a good
relic for the 15ke Jol'unai. Museum.

But I think that whih; some parts
of bee-kee])liig art; having more than
their sharti of thought and consequent
invention, other jiarts have been sadly
negli^cted — for instance, the simple
thing of spiing feeding of bees, which
is sometimes an actual necessity, and
I believe it would pay to fe(;d all colo-
nies in early spring, if some cheap,
simple and easy way was provided to
do so. I think that if some of our in-
ventive geniuses will carefully read
the article by Robert Carv(!r, on page
278, they will see a chance to construct
a much-needed article for the modern
apiary, namely, a good, handy, simple,
cheap bee-feeder.

The frames of nearl}- all the hives in
this latitude, at the time that the in-
mates need feeding, are covered with
some kind of protection, either of chaff
or cushions. Now nearly all bee-keep-
ers will acknowledge that the bees
should be fed on top of the frames,
over the cluster. The facts are, that
not one-tenth of the bees are fed when
they should be, on accout of these
cushions, etc., being in the wa}-, and
with the style of feeders now in use,
there is no way of getting to the
frames without giving an outlet for the
escape of the heat so much needed for
brood-rearing at this time of the j'ear.

This feeder can be made of tin or
wood, or both ; put on in the fall, with
the tube protruding up through the
packing, no heat can escape, and the
feeder is in place, ready for use at any
time.

Bees here in Michigan usually gather
large quantities of pollen in autumn,
and, if wintered outside, they com-
mence breeding in March ; but brood-
rearing is often greatly retarded even
in M.ay, for the want of nectar during
a cold spell. Although plentifully
supplied with pollen, at these times
they should be fed.

Bees wintered here on the summer
stands in fine condition, and are breed-
ing up and doing finely, although fruit-
trees are not in bloom yet. Cellar-
wintered bees are in bad condition,
many having perished, and are
dwindled badl}'.

Lakeview, Mich., May 5, 1890.

SWARMS.

Self-Hivcrs and Swarni.Catcliers
— The Drone-Trap, elc.

Written lor the American Bee Jcmmal

BY HENRY ALLEY.

So much interest has been shown in
self-hivers recently described in the
bee-periodicals, I am sure that the
readers of the American Bee Journal

354

T'EiE' rn'mmmi^mM wmm j&Tsmmmi^.

will be interested in anjthing that is
new, or even in an old device, pro-
vided it is made to do othe* work be-
sides that for which it was originally
designed.

Below I give a description of a new
use for the drone-and-queen trap — au
article thousands of the readers of the
American Bee Journal must have in
use. Those who have them in use,
and have seen them catch a queen at
swarming time, have noticed that when
the bees returned after missing their
queen, as many of them as could would
crowd into the trap with the queen.
The idea struck me that the trap might
be made large enough to hold all the
bees and the largest swarm when they
issued.

Figure 1 shows the trap attaclied to
a Bay State hive. You will see that it

Fig. 1. — Trap Attached to a Hive.

projects considerably hej^ond the front
of the hive. The bees, to gain access
to their hive, must pass under the trap
and enter througii the metal (A).

Figure 2 shows the interior of the
Catcher. It is the same as the drone-
trap. In fact, it is nothing but the
drone-and-queen trap on a larger scale.
Instead of being made just large
enough to hold a pint of bees, the trap
will hold the largest swarm likely to
issue from any hive.

The trap has a portable cover (C),
so that wlien a swarm has been hived,
the bees can be quickly removed to a
new hive. This device ma}' be at-
tached to the hive in a <lozen different
waj's. to suit the fancy of the apiarist.
It will be seen that there is a stake (D)
driven in the ground under the front
end of the trap, for the bo.x to rest on.

B, as shown in Fig. 2. is a box, open
on one side so that the bees can enter,
while the opposite side is covered with
perforated metal. This represents the
bottom chamber of the drone-and-
queen trap. Two cone-tubes are used

for the bees to pass into the trajj from
the hive.

We stake our reputation as a bee-
keeper on the statement that this trap
will catch 99 out of every 100 swarms
that issue. The queen will enter the
trap, and when the bees return in
search of her, they will readily find
her ladyship in the box and ready to
receive them.

You will notice in the trap (Fig. 2),
and just ahead of the tubes, a strip of
perforated metal. This is so arranged
that it is exactly over the metal (A).

When the bees return after having
missed their queen, they will pass into
the ti'ap through the metal and join
their queen. Here the bees will be
found on the return home of the api-
arist, when they can be disposed of to
suit his pleasure. If no hive is ready.

Fig. 2.~0ur New Self-Hiver.

the box can be placed on the stand the
bees are to occup}", and hived when
most convenient. If the bees are to
be returned to the hive they issued
from, this can be done after the combs
have been examined and the ijueen-
cells removed.
Wenham, Mass.

MANIPULATION.

maiiasciiient of Bees — Honey.
PlaiilN, etc.

Written /or the American BeeJonmal
BY C. RUSSELL.

I commenced the season of 1889
with 42 full colonies, to be worked for
comb and extracted honey, and 5 weak
colonies to be divided later in the sea-
son, for the fertilization of queens.
Thirty colonies had been wintered on
the summer stands, and as the winter
had not been severe, when spring
arrived they were in the pink of con-

dition. The rest were wintered in the
cellar, and were taken out in good
condition at the first appearance of
natural pollen.

Mj- spring management commences
now, and is something like this : I
examine each colony to ascertain its
immediate wants — first, to see if they
have plenty of honey to last them for
2 or 3 weeks, and, if not, a comb of
honey is given them ; second, to see
that no dead bees are lodged between
the combs, and that they have a good,
fertile queen.

In place of the Hill's device and the
cotton cloth over the frames, I spread
the enameled cloth over this 15 or 20
sheets of paper (in book form), then
over all a 4-inch rim with a cloth bot-
tom nearly filled with chaflf. My ob-
ject in doing this at this season of the
year, is to prevent, as much as possi-
ble, the escape of heat and moisture,
as both are essential in order to carry
on brood-rearing successfully.

At the next examination, which
should be done in 10 dajs or 2 weeks,
I often find it necessary to remove
such combs as the bees cannot well
cover. It often happens that the hives
do not contain more than 5 or tJ
frames, with a close-fitting division-
board at the side ; in a short time these
will be well filled with brood, and I
then place in the center (if the weather
is warm, and plenty of young bees are
in the hive) a comb containing some
hone}- ; this I uncap, and continue to
till in, in this way, as they need room,
until the 9 frames are well filled with
brood. Some do not advise spreading
the brood, but witli a chafl'-hive en-
trance well contracted, and covered
warm on top, I have been successful.

With the above management, by
June 1, the 42 colonies were overflow-
ing with bees, and the combs nearly
solid witli brood.

A glance now at the brood-nest
would show the apiarist that the
swarming season was at hand. A few
days later it commenced in earnest.
Previous to last year I had been suc-
cessful, after giving plenty of surplus
room, by simply cutting out the
queen-cells and returning the swarms.
A few trials convinced me that this
v,\^s a failure. Then I tried the fol-
lowing :

I hived swarms in hives that had
cast swarms 4 or 5 days before ; this
did no better than the first. Next, I
killed a few of the poorest queens at
the time they swarmed, and at the
same time I cut out all the queen-cells
that were capped. Eight or nine d.ays
later (or after all the brood was cap-
ped), I again cut out all the queen-
cells. Then I hived swarms in these
hives, gave plenty of room, but all
swarmed within 3 days.

Timm JEMBnicMK WMM j&ismnKi^.

355

Then again I introduced young lay-
ing queens to colonies that had
been queenless eight or more days,
and on examination a week or so
later, I found they, too, had queen-
cells well started. All this time they
were making just about a living — some
storing a little in the sections ; but the
weather was so wet that they could
not do much except rear brood and
swarm.

It was now about the first of July,
and for nearly a month I had had the
worst trial of swarming that I ever
knew. I was quite sure now that
nothing short of a good honey-flow
would check this swarming fever ; but
with the force of workers then on
hand, I expected a crop from the bass-
wood, if the weather was favorable,
for it was budded unusually full. A
few days later it commenced down
the valley at first, and, as the weather
was favorable, they did about the
best work of the season, and carried
the honey a couple of miles.

The swarming had nearly ceased ;
the sections (30 5}x5j^, or 50 pounds
capacity) on each hive, perhaps would
average one-half full. I ventured now
to tier up about one-half of the very
strongest colonies. The weather fol-
lowing was not quite what I wished it
to be, but when it did clear up a little,
they would show the same energy for
storing honey that they had done at
swarming. As the season advanced,
I saw by their line of flight (which
was towards a high, cold mountain)
that the basswood season was of short
duration. On examination, I saw that
while some colonies had the sections
all full and nearly capped, others
would need more time than they
would have from the basswood. The
day following, in the forenoon, when
most of the old bees were in the field,
I removed the sections from such hives
as had them nearly completed. These
I placed near the entrance, and in a
short time nearly all the bees had re-
turned to their own hives.

Then from those with the partly-
filled sections, I removed bees and all,
and placed on the hives of the former.
This, as will be seen, gave them nearly
a double working-force on the pai'tly-
fiUed sections, and while they were
being filled very rapidlj', the ones
nearly capped were being completed
on the colonies from which I had taken
the partly-filled ones.

When the above is practiced, both
colonies should have a fertile queen, or
fighting would be the result I prac-
tice nearly the same plan with those
that are a little slow to enter the
sections.

As the buckwheat season was fast
approaching, I removed the white
honey from the hives, and found

nearly all of the sections well filled.
I had over 3,200 jiounds of comb and
extracted honey, tluee-fourths of which
was comb.

On account of the wet weather again
I did not secure as much buckwheat
honey as I sometimes have done, but I
had something over 1,000 pounds.
This made the average yield a trifle
over 100 pounds per colony.

HONEY-PLANTS FOB BEES.

Although I have secured only three
crops in the past eight years from
the basswood, I must place this at the
head of the list, for I never have been
able to make a very good showing
without it. It blossomed quite well
here in 1888, and while some got quite
a crop, even in this county, it was an
entire failure here.

The buckwheat I have never known
to fail to produce some honey — I think
I have taken as high as 40 or 50
pounds per colony from it. The honey
being dark, it usually sells for 4 or 5
cents per pound less than the white.

We have considerable white clover
here, but as yet I have seen only one
good yield from it. The raspberry
produces some honey nearlj' eveiy
season.

About Sept. 1, of last season, there
was considerable honey gathered from
the golden-i'od. I have never known
bees to work on it only one season be-
fore. This may be on account of the
early frosts we usually have here.

IMPORTANCE OF GOOD QUEENS.

1 consider the queen the most impor-
tant factor in successful bee-keeping.
and I have had excellent results with
crossing the best Italian strains, and
from such a cross last season I ob-
tained 150 pounds each, of comb
honey, from a few choice colonies. An
examination of the slates showed that
all these queens were sisters. Now
while I have had queens do good busi-
ness at four years of age, I have had
thera fail early in the season at three
years ; and by so doing, have about
ruined the white honey crop of the
season ; for if ever I want a queen at
her best, it is through the month of
May.

I will say by way of summing up,
that most of my youngqueens are kept
in strong nuclei (of which I had over
20 from the 5 weak colonies first men-
tioned), until near the end of the
honey season ; then, after introducing
to full colonies, they are kept two
years, and no more unless selected for
queen-mothers.

When I used to let the bees super-
sede their queens, although one-fourth
or less of the hives would contain old
queens, it often happened that 50 or 75
per cent, of my weak colonies in the

spring would (-(jutain queens of this
sort.

I intended to give my method of
queen-rearing, but this article is
alreadj' too long. I know that the
above is not all "accoi'ding to the
books," but it is what I practice in
this locality.

In regard to ray bee-escape, illus-
trated on page 211. I will say that if a
one-inch hole through the tin at A A
(where the bees enter the escape) be
too small, tliis could be made any size ;
and should tliere be any oljjection to
the inner triangle being made of
wood (which I do not think there will
be), this could easily be made of a
strip of tinned wire-cloth, with a little
of its edge turned at riglit angles, to
be soldered to the tin before this is
nailed to the top of the escape-board.

Conesville, N. Y.

MICHIGAN.

Report of tlie Ionia County Bee-
Keeperii' Convention.

Twenty-five members of the Ionia
Count}' Bee-Keepers' Association were
present at the meeting held in Ionia,
Mich. The meeting was called to or-
der by Secretary Smith, and Geo. E.
Goodwin, was chosen Chairman.

The Secretary's report was read and
approved. The report showed an ag-
gregate of 743 colonies owned by mem-
bers present, fall count, and 750,
spring count; comb honey produced
in 1889, 22,460 pounds; extracted
honey, 5.060 pounds; beeswax. 224
pounds. The present condition of bees
was reported the best for many years.
This showing comprises about one-
fourth of the bee-interests of Ionia
county, and shows it to be quite an
important indnstrj'.

The following were elected oflicers
for the ensuing year: President, A.
N. Hall, of Ionia ; Vice-Presidents, G.
W. Stanton, of Sheridan, and Isaac
Badder, of Ionia ; Secretary and Treas-
urer, H. Sniitli, of Ionia.

The " Size of sections and separa-
tors " was discussed ; also '-Restrain-
ing increase," and "Quality and kinds
of honey, and price and market."

The convention adjourned to meet
on the second Wednesday of Septetu-
ber, 1890. The President and Secre-
tary, by request, will prepare a pro-
gramme for that occasion.

H. Smith, Sec.

IlaiiflliiiK Bees. — This is the title of
a nice pamphlet containing 28 pages and a
cover, published by Chas. Dadant & Son.
It is a chapter from their book, Langstroth
Revised, and is an excellent thing for be-
ginners. Price, 8 cts. For sale at this office

356

TMm MMKRICMSf MMM JO'CKM-MI*.

w«J>*^>^*^*^*^*^*^*^*«»*^*^J'J!>*i^^

fc^fc*^*-^-^-^*-^*-^*-^*-^^-^* ■**■*•*■■

COSrVENTION DIRECTORY.

1890.
JtUy 17.

Time and place of meeting.

-Carolina, at Charlotte, N. C.

N. P. lyyles. Sec, Derlta N. C.

Sept. 10.— Ionia County, at Ionia, Micb.

H. Smith. Sec., Ionia, Mich.

Jt^" In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — The Editoh.

International Bee-Association.

Pkesident-

Secretary-

-Hon. R. L. Taylor.. Lapeer, Mich.
-C. P. Dadant Hamilton, Ills.

ITational Bee-Keepers' Union.

President— James Heddou ..Dowagiao, Mich.
Sec't. and Man-\oer— T. G. Newman, Chicago.

Splendid Prospects for a 4'rop.

We have a splendid prospect for a good
honey crop. "White clover is all we couut
on for surplus. I have 80 colonies of bees
in good condition tor the time of jear. I
put about 3 bushels of sawdust around each
hive, to keep down grass and weeds. Is it
a good idea ? I have a good home market
— never send any honey away. I read the
Bee Journal more and more.

Ed. Goff.

Ashland, lUs., May 8, 1890.

CSood Prospects tor >VI«ite Clover

So far as heard from, 85 per cent, of the
bees in Green county, Ohio, have wintered
vrell. We have just passed 10 days of cold,
rainy weather, accompanied with strong
cold winds. Brood and drones are perish-
ing by the thousands. No doubt bees that
are neglected, will starve before clover
blooms. The prospects for white clover are
good. I have 56 colonies ready for the
harvest, today. C. E. Woodward.

Xenia, O., May 12, 1890.

Condition of Itees in iYIaiue.

With the exception of one weak, feeble
colon}-, and a that are queenless, my 61
colonies of bees have wintered admirably.
The queenless colonies are rearing queens,
which will be ready for duty as soon as the
drones, now beginning to emerge, are old
enough to perform their functions. The
lost colony %vas the remnant of a colony
that was robbed last spring, and were
probably queenless when put into winter
quarters, and should have been united with
another colony ; but as it was too late to
do so when I got to them, I concluded to
let them go on the "hit or miss" system.
My bees are in the winter packing yet, and
will probably remain so a week or two
longer, if Sj^ring does not assume a more
genial countenance than that with which
we have been greeted to this date. At
present the outlook for a bountiful honey
crop is certainly not propitious, and a
change for the better must come soon, or
the bee-industry in this section, the coming
season, will be a repetition of the three
seasons preceding. J. F. Latham,

West Cumberland, Me., May 12, 1890.

hard frosts about every other night for the
past two weeks) bees would just I'oll in the
honey. Still, we should not find fault with
such small drawbacks, when we have so
many things in our favor. Bee-keepers
around us report their colonies strong, but
no swarms yet, so we think that we can
score the first swarm in this neighborhood,
for this season. J. W. Buchanan & Buo.
Eldora, Iowa, May 11, 1890.

ltaclc\T»rdSprlns' — AVIiile Clover

We are having a very backward spring
here — wet and cold. Bees are in good con-
dition, but they are short of stores. Fruit
trees are beginning to bloom, and the bees
are at work to day. I have two small
apiaries about one mile apart- 37 colonies
in one, and 23 in the other ; one colony is
queenless, leaving 49 in good condition.
White clover never looked better.

B. W. Peck.

Richmond Centre, O., May 13, 1890.

An Experience 'with Bees.

The winter loss of bees in this vicinity
was less than 5 per cent., and there has
been no spring dwindling. Though the
spring has been cold and windy, the bees
have reared brood well. My neighbor had
a swarm on April 30, which did well. The
weather has been very unfavorable during
fruit-bloom, and bees that were short of
stores have required feeding. I am nearly
60 years old, and all my life I have given
bees a wide berth, until 3 years ago a bee-
friend slipped a colony into my yard when
I was not at home. For one year I re-
spected them from a distance, for my
friend's sake, but got no boney or increase;
the next year it was the same, but the
third year there was signs of a boom
among the bees. I began to read the Bee
Journal, became interested, and ventured
a little closer to the hive, and soon began
to handle the bees, when friendship soon
ripened into love. Nest I got a few fi-ames
of honey, which pleased my wife, and when
fall came I had secured over 100 pounds of
honey, and put 5 colonies into winter quar-
ters. I am now the worst " bee-crank " in
Indiana. J. A. C. Dobson.

Brownsburg, Ind., May 10, 1890.

Examining Colonies in Spring.

Generally about the first week in May, I
go over the entire apiary and examine the
condition of each colony, and make a note
of it in a small book, all the hives being
numbered. This examination I make just
as soon as all danger of wintering is passed.
Those colonies that I find have plenty of
honey and bees, I note down as in " good
condition ;" colonies that are weak in bees
and short of stores are classed as "weak
and need attention." This latter class
includes all queenless colonies, and those
that need help in any way. This record, if
properly kept, will show valued informa-
tion, and at any time the number of colo-
nies the bee-keeper owns, and the condition
of every hive in the apiary from year to
year, without the trouble of examining
each and every hive every few days. About
% of all the bees are dead in this locality —
mostly due from starvation. The winter
has been a mild one, but bees did not ob-
tain honey sufficient during the fall months
to last them through. We have lost quite
a number in summer hives, but very few
from those that were wintered in chaff
hives. J. M. Youno.

Plattsmouth, Neb., May 8, 1890.

First Btecs— ExtractiusT Honey.

Bees were first noticed in theii' wild state
as we read of the ChUdreu of Israel using
honey in their sacrifice before the Taber-
nacle of the Lord. Races were not known
then as now — that was left for man to
develop. Man, in the course of time, saw
either by accident, or understand that
honey oozing from the comb was good.
Webster says that "extract" means "to
take from ;" wax, in itself, is not very
palatable to some, hence a desire to get
honey in its pure state. In this progressive
age. where everything is developed as fast
as Yankee, or any other nationality, can
devise the thought of profit, or " How much
can I make it pay?" is looked at from all
sides. Bees will produce so much more
honey if the extractor is used. What de-
lights a bee keeper's heart more than to
see the golden mass roll or run into his
receptacles ? Who does not love the
essence of sweetness confined in the midst
of this transparent liquid < As a medicine,
nothing can equal it; as for food, is it not
the nectar of the gods i

Valparaiso, Ind. Mrs. E. M. Casbon.

Small Lioss in Wintering:.

Bees are doing well in this locality this
spring. There was very little loss the past
winter. Those wintered on the summer
stands, packed in chaff, were the strongest.
and have bred up the most rapidly. Of 10
colonies packed in chaff, we lost one that
had lost their queen during the winter, .and
had to be united with another colony this
spring. Of the remaining 9 colonies, one
cast a swarm on May 8, 6 more need watch-
ing every nice day, while the other two are
strong colonies.

Out of 33 wintered in the cellar, we
lost two, one of which was a 3-frame neu
cleus of Carniolau bees, with an untested
queen, which we bought last fall, intending
to build them up into a good colony before
winter ; but although we fed them, and
they worked well, the queen did not la^-,
and so, instead of a strong colony to put
into winter quarters, we had only a nucleus
that died before the time to take them out
of the cellar. The other colony that died,
was one of the best and heaviest ones we
had. This leaves us 29 out of 33 colonies
to begin this season with.

Fruit-trees are very full of bloom, and if
the nights were not so cold (there being

Old Colonies ot Uees.

Last fall I had 19 colonies, and my
mother had 3 ; 31 came through the win-
ter, one light colony belonging to me, hav-
ing died, but the rest are in good condition.
They were put in with lots of honey (fall
honey, at that), but as they had a chance
for a flight once in awhile, they came out
all right. I have bought 5 colonies, so we
now have 26. This is the best result that I
have had in wintering bees for a number of
years. Bees will winter on fall honey, if
they have a chance to fiy occasionally.

I had three kinds of chaff hives on trial
the past winter — one a Root, one chaff Ecle-
tic, and 13 Falconer's chaff hives. The
colony in the Root hive seems to be a little
the strongest, although some of the others
are nearly equal to it ; the balance of the
colonies, excepting one, were in Langstroth
hives, packed in chaff, and they wintered
in very good condition.

The old colony of bees which I call the
" Old Veteran," is still as good as ever. It
will be 30 years old on June 20. I saw
drones flying at this hive on May 2. I gave
a description of the "Old Veteran" on
page 316 ot the AjiericaxBee Journal for
1889 ; and on page 745 of the same vol-
ume is an article giving the history of an
old colony of bees owned by G. W. Bosen-
berger, of Rosendale, Va., which is called
the " Queen of Rosendale." I received a
letter from Mr. Rosenberger recently, in

T-H® S;MER1CJEJX WMM J^l^REfKIU.

357

r *-^*^*-^*^

which he said : "I had 64 colonies last fall
on the summer stands, and 1 have lost only
one, the rest appearing to be in good con-
dition. The ' Queen of Rosendale ' is just
as good as the best of them, and is 50 years
old the coming summer." If any readers
of the Bee Jouunal know any other colony
50 years old, in the same hive that they
were first put in, and have the same comb
that was built by them the first season, I
would like to hear from them in the Bee
JouuNAi,. J. S. Baku.

Oakfleld, O., May 9, 1890.

Winteriii;; Uees.

Having wintered honey-bees in this cold
climate for 1 8 years, I have tried all kinds
of schemes to bring them through without
loss, or the least loss, and I find that a
cellar is the best of all ; keep it dark, so
that no light can be seen by the bees. Give
upward ventilation to the hive, so that the
vapor arising from their breath will not
form water, and run down into the bees
and combs which will wet and destroy
them. Avoid noise overhead, as much as
possible, or the bees will be cross in the
spring. They consume less stores in the
cellar, where it does not freeze, as they do
not have to eat to make heat, as out-doors,
and do not get so full before spring. I put
all into the cellar last fall, and suffered
less loss than usual.

I thought that a chamber was a good
place to winter bees, being warm and dry ;
so I put in 2 colonies, corked them up with
rags, and put wire-cloth over the en-
trance; they gnawed out, and the mice
probably helped some, too. The bees stung
the children in the beds, and behaved so
badly that I concluded to move the worst
ones. 1 got a neighbor to help one day, and
we dug a hole in the snow near a hive out-
doors— the snow was 2 feet deep ; 1 went
ahead, backed down the stairs, the neigh-
bor let go, and bee-hive and I were pUed
up, down in the stairway, with the bottom-
board oflf, as well as the cap, and about a
quart of bees out. I was stung a number
of times ; however, we gathered them up
as best we could, and buried them in the
hole in the snow — hive and all ; they came
out all right in the spring, and were as
good as any of the others. Those left in the
chamber, the moths destroyed in the
spring. E. G. Slatton.

Chetek, Wis.

and four pins hold it tightly together. Now
this hive works as well bottom side up, as
right side up.

When the brood apartment is full enough
of bees, and more room is needed, turn
another hive bottom side up, on top, a,nd
when more room is wanted, split the hive
open, and put in what frames are needed.
If 5 frames are put in the bottom, and 5 in
the top, then it makes a handsome cube. 1
use 10 frames to the hive; 80 frames are
generally enough to prevent swarming.
They seldom fill 40, A frame of sealed
honey weighs from 7 to 8 poimds.

This hive can be made into a long exten-
sion hive so easily, if desired. The double-
up hive can be opened as easily as the
single hive. Another advantage is, no
matter how large a swarm you may have,
or how many swarms go together, you can
make a hive to fit in a minute. Another
advantage is, the bee-keeper does not have
to watch his ajiiary so closely for fear he
will lose some swarms. The apiarist can
let extracting go until the end of the sea-
son. The hive is readily reduced down to
the size of a dwindled colony.

Now whether other bee-keepers will find
so many good things about it, 1 do not
know. Using it will prove it. I 'have used
it for 15 years, and would not give it for
any hive 1 am acquainted with. A similar
hive may have been invented a half dozen
times, and thrown away as useless, for
ought I know ; but for me, it is par excel-
lence. Its name is, " Extension, Reversi-
ble, Non Swarming Hive," I would like to
hear how many have tried a similar hive,
and their objections to it. J. Blanchabd,

Correction— Dry W^eatlier.

In my reply to Query 706, 1 am made to
say, "I think so," It should have been,
" I think ?iot," as that is according to my
experience.

Bees came through the winter in fair
condition. The weather has not been very
favorable for a fine honey-yield — too dry.
We had a nice shower to-day — the first rain
for a month, Eugene Secor.

Forest City, Iowa, May 9, 1890.

[It was a typographical en'or on the part
of the printer, and escaped our notice. Mr.
Secor had it written as he wanted it, — Ed,]

An Extension, Rever»iil>le Hi-ve.

Many bee-keepers think that they can
make the best hive, so I have tried it, too.
Not being satisfied with the movable frame
for extracted honey, I wanted a hive that
could be manipulated more easUy, and
stand the wear. So I make the hive with
a front and back board just alike. Every
thing is perfectly interchangeable. The
ends of the frames are rabbeted so as to
make a tight fit. All are held together by
a bar on each side, passed through a loop.

1%'liat Ailed tlie Bees?

Mr. Julius J. Petty, on page 884, asks for
the symptoms of disease in my bees. In
almost every case, the symptoms all came
just at the close — death— nothing more. In
a few cases of the blacks, I found that the
bees presented the wet, greasy appearance
that Mr. Petty speaks of. They would
crawl over the combs aimlessly, and the
combs, tops of the frames, and sides of the
hives were badly stained and wet. I think
that in every case the honey that the bees
had to eat, was nice and clean. There are
no cider-mills in the county, and no fruit;
the honey is gathered from clover, bass-
wood and golden-rod. On some of the
bottom-boards I found water and a quantity
of dead bees. Over some of them I had
burlap, and over others enameled cloth.
Those having the burlap were free from
moisture.

At no time during the winter was the
mercury below freezing, and it was not
damp, but I found some mold. In some of
the hives there was over 20 pounds of nice
honey. The Italians and hybrids seemed
to just die, without any cause. In one case
they were clinging to 3 frames of nice
honey ; this was a new colony, and the
combs were new and white. The bees were
clean, and there was apparently no cause
for their death. I am puzzled.

Aked D, Ellingwood.

Milan, N. H,, May 7, 1890.

WMM&mm

Cliapnian Iloney-Plant Seed.—

This plant has been commended by some of
the most experienced beekeepers in
America, as being "a most valuable acqui-
sition to the list of bee-forage plants." The
seed may be scattered in waste places, or
it may be sown in drills or hills like onion
seed. We can furnish the seed, postpaid,
at the following prices: Single ounce, 40
cents; 4 ounces, $1,00; 10 ounces, $2,00;
or one pound for $3,00,

AI^FRKW II. NEW]»IAi^,

BrSINEBS MANAGER.
rXXXXXXZXTTZZXXZZXTXXZXXXXXTXXXXZS

^ttsincss Notices.

Subscribers who do not receive their

papers promptly, should notify us at once.

^W Money in Potatoes, by Mr. Joseph
Greiner. Price, 25 cents, postpaid. For sale
at this oiBce.

Its'" Send us one J^EIV subscriber, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

1^" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 85 cents per ounce, by express.

The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

It^~ Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

J^" Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jour-
nal at $1.85 for the two ; or with both our
Home JouRN.iL and Bee Journal for $2.50
for all three papers.

B^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write American Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

1^" Systematic work in the Apiary wUl
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

•• 100 colonies (230 pages) 1 25

" 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

J^" When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book,
by mail, postpaid. It seOs at 50 cents.

pW° We offer the Monthly Philadelphia
Farm Journal, and either the A.merican
Bee Journal or Illustrated Home Jour-
nal for one year, for the small sum of $1 , 20,
Or, we will give it free for one year to any
one who will send us one new subscriber for
either of our Journals with $1,00 (the sub-
scription price) .

358

XH® MMEMICMl* BB® J©13fKIfai*.

-'■^■-^'■^^^^'

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

NEW YORK, May 6.— Comb Honey is well
cleaned up, with the exception of Calit'ornia
2 lbs., which sell at 10@llc per lb. E.\tracted
is dull at 7c for California, white clover and
basswood: Southern, 70@73c per gallon. Bees-
wax, scarce at 27®28c.

HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,

28-30 West Broadway.

CHICAGO, May 2.— Receipts of honey are
lig-ht, and demand fair for choice white clover
at i:i(SHc. Other grades are dull and neg-
lected. Extracted, 6 '/2@7!4c. Beeswax, bright,
25@i26c.; dark, 23@24c.

S. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY. April 25.— Market is cleaned
up on comb honey. We quote: White l-lbs.,
140.: 2-lbs., 13c. Dark l-lbs., 10@12c.; 2-lbs.,
10@llc. Extracted is very dull sale at 5@7c.
No Beeswax in the market.

CLEMONS. CLOON & CO..

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

CHICAGO. May 1.— Comb honey sells soon
after arrival, if white and otherwise desirable,
at 12, 13 and 14c; dark comb is slow at 8@10c.
Weather is cool and seemingly favorable to its
sale. Extracted, 6(ai8c, according to quality;
some with no distinct flavor has sold at oc.
Beeswax— Yellow, about 27c; fancy, 28c; sup-
ply light. R. A. BURNETT, 161S. Water St.

MILWAUKEE. May 1.— Demand for honev
is rather light. Supply is ample, of both comb
and extracted. We quote: Best white l-lbs..
13(gsl4c: medium l-lbs.. ll@12c: common old
l-lbs.. 9C!il0c. Extracted, white, in barrels
and half-barrels. 7@8c; dark, in barrels and
half-barrels, 6@6V4c. Beeswax, 25(S!26c; sup-
ply light. A. V. BISHOP. 142 W. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, May2.— The honey market is
cleaned up. We quote: l-lbs. white, 12@1 :3c.;
2-lbs. white, 10®11. Dark l-lbs., 8@10c.: dark
2-lbs., 8@9c. Extracted, white, 6®6!4c.; dark,
5c. Demand good. Waiting for the new crop.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS, 514 Walnut St.

DENVER, May 5.— One-pound sections, 14@
16c; extracted, 7@9c. Demand good and sup-
ply likely to be exhausted before the new
crop comes in. Beeswax, 22(a25c.

J. M. CLARK COM. CO., 1517 Blake St.

DETROIT. May 2.— Comb honey is selling
slowly at 10@tl3c. Extracted. 7®8c. Beeswax,
scarce at 26@27c.

M. H. HUNT, BeU Branch, Mich.

CINCINNATI, May 1.— Demand is slow for
comb honey at lOfailic. No choice white on
the market' Extracted is in good demand at
5@8c. Stock is low.

Beeswax is in good demand at 22@26c. for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH & SON.
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

We dub the Ainerican Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the Ij AST
column. The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book :
Price of both. Club
The American Bee Journal $1 00

and Gleanings in Bee-Culture 2 00 175

Bee-Keepers' Guide 150. .. 140

Bee-Keepers' Review 150.... 140

TheApiculturist 175.... 165

Bee-Keepers' Advance 150 140

Canadian Bee Journal 2 00 ... 180

The 7 above-named papers 5 25 5 00

and Langstroth Revised (Dadant) 3 00 2 75

Cook's Manual(1887 edition) 2 25..,. 2 00

Quinby's New Bee-Keeping. 2 50 2 25

Doolittle on Queen-Rearing. 2 00 175

Bees and Honey (Newman).. 2 00 175

Binderfor Am. Bee Journal. 160 150

Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth). 3 00.... 2 00
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25 ... . 210

Farmer's Account Book 4 00 2 20

Western World Guide 150.... 130

Heddon's book. "Success,".. 150 140

A Year Among the Bees 1 50 1 35

Convention Hand-Book 150. .. 130

Weekly Inter-Ocean 2 00 175

Toronto Globe (weekly) 2 00.... 170

History of National Society. 1 50 125

American Poultry Journal.. 2 25 — 150
The Lever (Temperance) 2 00 1 75

I>o mot send to us for sample copies
of any other papers. Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.

^Eishth^Edition^Jiist^l'iiblished^

I^e^v and Revi!«e<l Edition

BEES ^ HONEY,

on THE

Management of the Apiary

FOR PLEASURE AND PROFIT

THOMAS G. NEWMAN,

Editor of the American Bee Journal.

This edition has been largely re-written,
thoroughly revised, and is " fully up with the
times" in aUtheimprovementsandinventions
in this rapidly-developing pursuit,and presents
the apiarist with everything that can aid in
the successful mantiK-ementot an apiary, and
at the same time produce the most honey in
an attractive condition. It contains 250
pages and 24S illustrations — is beautifully
printed in the highest style of the art, and
bound in cloth, gold lettered. Price, $1.00—
postpaid.

Liberal Discount to dealers, by the dozen
or hundred.

THOMAS G. ITE'WSIAIT & SON,
246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Keep an Apiary Act^oiint, in a

regular business way. It will be lots of
satisfaction at the close of the season to
know exactly how the bee and honey
account stands, without guesswork. To
this end, you should obtain an " Apiary
Register," a book gotten up for this very
purpose, as well as to keep track of your
Queens and Colonies. It devotes 2 pages
to each Colony, and a mere glance will give
you its complete history. The pages devo-
ted to finance are ruled for Receipts and
Disbursements, and being at the end of the
book, are always convenient for reference,
if properly kept. The book is strongly
bound in full leather, and for an Apiary of
100 colonies of bees, only costs .*1.00, post-
paid. Get and use it, and you will not
regret it.

»" The next meeting of the Carolina Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will be held in Chiirlotte, N. C on
Thursday, July 17, IXDO. N. 1". Lyi.es, See.

A Kew Method of Treating Disease.

HOSPITAL REMEDIES,
What are they * There is a new departure
in the treatment of disease. It consists in
the collection of the specifics used by noted
specialists of Europe and America, and
bringing them within the reach of all. For
instance, the treatment pursued by special
physicians who treat indigestion, stomach
and liver troubles only, was obtained and
prepared. The treatment of other physi-
cians, celebrated for curing catarrh, was
procured, and so on till these incomparable
cures now include disease of the limgs,
kidneys, female weakness, rheumatism and
nervous debility.

This new method of "one remedy for one
disease " must appeal to the common-sense
of all sufferers, many of whom have experi-
enced the ill effects, and thoroughly realize
the absurdity of the claims of Patent
Medicines which are guaranteed to cure
ever}' ill out of a single bottle, and the use
of which, as statistics prove, lias ruined
more stomachs than alcohol. A circular
describing these new remedies is sent free
on receipt of stamp to pay postage, by
Hospital Remedy Company, Toronto, Can-
ada, sole proprietors.
51D26t Imly.

This new edition of our Bees axd
HoN'ET will be given as a Premium for only
tliree ne^v s«l>s«Til>ers, with S3. 00;
or clubbed with the Bee Jourxal for*!. 75.

UJIIVITffftl TO EXCHANGE FOUNDATION
nJlIllIiUJ forCaoli. Foundation first qual-
ity. Satisfaction guaranteed. For Brood. 40c;
for Sections, 50c per lb. Samples furnished.
21A2t WILUER G. FI»H, ItUaca, N. Y.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

Ann LBS. OF BEES

villi ter May 24. at $1.00.
b V V s- ('• Pi'RRV,

Portland, Ionia Co., Mich.
20Atf
Mentloii the American Bee Jourmil.

WT A MTFTl 1 TO EXCHANGE a valuable
VV /\ i\ 1 ll/JJ 1 House and Lot in Cadillac.
Mich., for Bees. From 50 to 100 Colonies
wanted down. Address.
WAliTUK HAKmKR, Mauislee, IHicIi.
21 Alt

READY TO SHIP ll^'lli'^!'?.—-

Tested.

Untested, .fl.OO

—3 for $2.75. Ready April 1st. Nuclei cheap.

Send for Price-List. COLWICK & COLWICK,

Norse, Bosque Co., Texas. 21Atf

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Italian Queens I

Choice Tested now ready — $1 .00 each.
21A2t C. A. BIJNCH, Nye, Iiid.

WHEN ANSWERING THIS ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAL.

CIRCULAIl Saw, Iron Frame, Steel Shafts,
and Arbor's Machine-Cut Gears. Iron
Center-part in top. Send for Circular and
Price-List. J. M. BIAHSTON tc CO.,

21G13t 75 Lenox Street, BOSTON, MASS.
Mention the A merican Bee Journal.

BEESWAX WANTED.

Beeswax.— We wil! pay 85 cents per

pound, in Cash, for Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
ered here. , ., ^ ^.

I^" To avoid mistakes, the name of the
shipper should always be on each package.

G. NEWMAN & SON,

THOS.

I 246 East Madison Street,

CHIOAQO, lliLS

•rmm mmkkicsm wmm j^wmnmi^.

863

XHOniAS «. ME^VMAW,

EDITOR.

Vol. mi. May 31, 1890. No. 22,

You ask me what la life ?

'Tia like the slow unfolding of a rose,

Whose heart of gold Rlints thro' the folded leaves ;

A hint of fuller life that is to be.

A picture where the sun and shadow blend,

-(Ah ! me, there's shadow oftener than sun) ;

A lost chord from some harmony divine,

A harp with golden strings, which, rightly touched,

Evoke such melodies as angels love ;

A never ending struggle for some goal

That few may reach, but, ah, so many miss ;

A segment of that circle infinite

■We call Eternity : a boundless plain,

"Whose center and circumference is Love.

F. A. Jones.

Be Caretiil to use none but nice clean
sections for comb honey. Old and soiled
sections should be used for kindling rather
than for honey. New ones are so cheap
now that to use any other than those in
first-class condition is inexcusable.

Patriotism is the subject of a new
book of over 300 pages, written by that
eminent and popular preacher and author
— R«v. H. W. Bolton, D.D., L.L.D., of Chi-
cago. The " Introduction " is by Col. Jas.
A. Sexton, an enthusiastic and well-known
member of the Grand Army of the Republic,
among whose constituency the work wUl no
doubt find a ready demand. The book
consists of a series of very interesting and
instructive lectures given by the author
before various patriotic organizations,
■which, besides being illustrated, should
command a large number of readers, es-
pecially of those who fought in the late
War, and of the sons and daughters of veter-
ans, in fact, any one possessing a single spark
of patriotic feeling. It is handsomely
bound in cloth, and is published by Messrs.
Transue & Grimm, of Chicago.

Painliiie H«'c-IIives.— The paint-
ing of hives is now under discussion again,
and in last week's Western Plowman Mr.
C H. Dibbern makes these remarks about it:

Shall we paint our bee-hives ; This
question has lately been raised again, and
there are some reasons for leaving them
unpainted. They are not so hot in summer,
nor so cold in winter. The cost, too, is
quite a consideration. But on the other
hand they do not look so well, nor last so
long. Boards are also more apt to curl up,
and roofs become leaky. Some 15 years
ago we used unpainted hives, but after a
few years of experience we commenced
painting them again. The same reasons
for painting hives apply to houses. I
believe there is a colony in Iowa who do
not believe in painting their houses, be-
lieving that it is cheaper to buy new boards
occasionally than spend money tor paint.
This may be a fair question for discussion,
but what a looking spectacle does an un-
painted apiary or town present ! As nearly
all civilized people paint their houses, we
must conclude that the weight of evidence
is vastly on that side.

What if the paint does cost a few cents,
who, having any eye for beauty or the
appropriateness of things, would want to
see unpainted hives in an apiary ? To our
mind the idea is simply preposterous !
Look at the lovely floral offerings now to
be seen on the trees which are soon to yield
their fruits for the pleasure and sustenance
of man.

See the lovely carpet of verdure spotted
with flowers of gold, which Nature has
spread before our eyes in meadow and on
hillsides !

Contemplate the variegated loveliness of
autumn's landscape, spread before our
wondering eyes by the Giver of all Good.

Just think of the grandeur and beauty
with which Nature greets our astonished
vision, and then try to imagine an Apiary
where the hives are unpainted, and the
ugly and dilapidated boards are going to
ruin and destruction !

It is a burlesque— a disgraceful " Cheap-
John" idea, which should find no favor
anywhere in a world which God has made
beautiful for man's comfort, satisfaction
and consolation !
We should paint our houses, our barns,

our fences, and our hives, for the same

reason that God has painted the rainbow,
and studded the firmament with stars !

MiK» KouimIm near the road, for
farmers who have honey or any other
article to dispose of, are very useful, and
withal they will pay. A correspondent in
the Orange Judd Farmer offers these sug-
gestions and remarks :

Every farmer should have a bulletin-
lioard, or small black-board 2x4 feet, and
when there is anything to spare, write it on
the board and stand it up by the roadside.
It may be a milch cow, a spare horse, a fat
hog, a calf or colt, a few seed potatoes,
plants or seeds, or any other commodity.
It is your surplus; somebody wants it, and
would buy it if he knew where it was.
A few years ago I wanted to buy a cow. I
rode three days and stopped at many
houses to make inquiry. It occurred to me
then that a farmer's Bulletin-Board would
be a good thing for buyers and sellers.

We fully agree with this suggestion, and
as many honey-producers are already prac-
ticing it, why do not bee-keepers generally
use it, and thus reap the full benefit !

ABC of Bee-Ciiltitre, by A. I.

Root, has again been revised and enlarged,
and the new edition is now on our shelves.
It contains 420 pages, and is profusely
illustrated. It is the cheapest, and one of
the best— if not the very best of all the
books on apiculture in existence. We con-
gratulate friend Root upon the perfection
and excellence of his book. The author
says : "The subjects in the body of the
book, that have received special revision,
are Comb Honey ; Feeding (the latter being
entirely re-written) ; Extracted Honey ;
Hive-making, with a description of how to
make the new Dovetailed hive ; Queen-
rearing, with a brief summary of Doolittle's
method of procuring and completing cells
in full colonies with a laying queen;
Swarming ; Veils, and Wintering. The last
subject was entirely re-written, so that it is
the very latest in regard to the in-door and
out-door methods. The whole subject is
well illustrated."

Hon. James Heddon, Mayor of that
enterprising city of Michigan — Dowagiac —
was in the city last week on official business,
•and made the Bee Journal a friendly visit.

Xlie Missouri State Bee-Keepers'
Association has affiliated with the " Inter-
national." That is right. The sooner the
latter becomes a representative body, the
better. It may then become in fact what
it is now in name only — International. Let
the good work go on until every State,
District and Local Society is represented in
it, and then its power and influence for the
good of the pursuit will be felt in every
part of our common country — America.

Jamestown, N. Y., should have been
the address of the W. T. Falconer Manufac-
turing Company, on page 348. The printer
had it in New Jersey instead of New York.

To Equalize the population in the
hives, it is now high time, so that all the
colonies in the apiary may be ready to
gather the June harvest. Mr. C. H. Dib-
bern, in the Westd-n Plowman, remarks
on this subject thus :

May is pre-eminently a month of prepara-
tion and anticipation for the bee-keeper.
Every care and attention should be given
every colony in the apiary to place each in
the most favorable condition to breed up
rapidly. It is the bees produced this month
that will gather in the clover harvest in
June. It will pay well to equalize colonies
now, and place aU on an equal footing.
Where no attention is given on this point, a
few will be booming, and will swarm by
the time the first clover blossoms appear,
while many others will be so weak that
they have barely managed to hold then-
own. It is more profitable to have all do
well than to have a few that produce extra
yields, and manj; that yield next to noth-
ing. During fruit bloom is a good time to
do this equalizing, as there is then little
danger of robbing.

In some places it is too late to do this —
in others, further North, it will be in time.

364

Tmm MMERiC'Mf« mmm jQ^mnmi^.

Hoiiey-Uew and Plant-Liice.—

On page 264, Mr. A. C. Tyrrel, of Madison,
Nebr., in an article referring to the scanty
knowledge about the winter losses of bees,
gives some of his observations regarding
honey-dew and its origin ; and on page 314,
Mr. M. A. Kelly, of Slippery Rock, Pa.,
also advances his "secretion theory" of
honey-dew, and suggests that those who
hold to the "excrement theory" concern-
ing its origin, send him samples of leaves
"having the honey-dew and the aphis " on
them, for examination. In reply to this
request, Mr. Tyrrel has sent us specimen
leaves with aphides and "honey-dew,"
and comments as follows about it :

I send you a twig covered with lice and
so-called honey-dew, for your opinion con-
cerning the same. You will notice by
examining the leaves that they appear to
be covered with excrement, or a substance
resembling honey thinly spread out, fairly
glistening in the sunlight. You will also
notice, if the lice do not drop from the twig
in transit, that there are hundreds of them,
and a few in an advanced stage having
wings.

It is true, I do not live in a " wooded
country," but we have hundreds of box-
elder trees surrounding our residence, and
there are many large trees of the same
variety growing on the creek and river
banks. As these trees produce sugar nearly
equal to maple-trees, I think it not unrea-
sonable to infer that from the incisions in
the leaves and tender twigs by the pests,
oozes the sweet matter improperly called
honey-dew, and that in reality it is caused
by lice, and cannot be attributed to " con-
ditions of the atmosphere."

If this were not the case, why is it that
those trees thus infected only are covered
with the sweet, sticky substance, which seems
to me prima facie evidence of the truth of
my allegations, viz : that honey-dew does
not drop from the heavens like the pur-
ported fall of manna, neither is it produced
by atmospheric conditions, but that it is
either excrement from or dripping of the
juice from leaves punctured by lice or
slugs.

After all that can be said pro and cmx on
this subject, I think it makes but little
difiference, so far as the health of our bees
is concerned, where the stuff comes from,
and 1 do not care to say anything more on
this subject hereafter.

A. C. Tyrrel.

We have no opinion to offer as to the
origin of the so-called "honey-dew." We
prefer to leave that matter to scientific
minds to determine. We have sent the
twig to Mr. Kelly, after making an exami-
nation of it. We desire to hear from Prof.
A. J. Cook, and shall value his "opinion"
very highly.

Handliner Bec!«. — This is the title of
a nice pamphlet containing 28 pages and a
cover, published by Chas. Dadant & Son.
It is a chapter from, their book, Langstroth
Revised, and is an excellent thing for be-
ginners. Price, 8 cts. For sale at this office.

A " IWrectory of Writers "' is the

name of a comprehensive book soon to be
offered to the public.

A means of easy inter-communication
between writers, editors, and publishers
has long been needed. To supply this need,
the editor of The WriteTy the Boston maga-
zine for literary workers, has undertaken
to compile a "Directory of American
Writers, Editors, and Publishers," which
will be published at the earliest possible
day. No charge whatever will be made for
the insertion of names and addresses in this
directory, the usefulness of which, particu-
larly to editors and publishers who wish to
communicate with writers, will be evident
at a glance.

The desire of the editor is to make the
directory as nearly complete as possible,
but the army of minor writers is so great
that it will be necessary to limit the num-
ber of addresses in some reasonable way.
It has been thought best, therefore, to
include in the first edition only the names
of writers who have had a contribution
printed in some one of the leading maga-
zines or weekly periodicals during the last
five years, who have or had a book pub-
lished within the last ten years. Writers
who are included in either of these classes
are requested to send at once to the editor
of T7if Writer, P. O. Box 1905, Boston,
Mass., the following items of information :

1. Name of writer.

2. Present residence.

3. Permanent business address.

4. Literary specialty.

5. Titles of principal articles or books
printed, and dates of publication.

This information should be sent promptly,
for the directory has been for some time
in preparation, and its publication wiU not
be long delayed.

The editor of the directory will be obliged,
if, in addition, writers will send on a
separate sheet, iiot for publication in the
directory, autobiographical particulars,
including date of birth, place of birth,
parents' names, date of marriage, name of
husband or wife, successive places of resi-
dence, title and date of first work printed,
list of later works, and other such matter
as would be suitable for publication in a
" Biographical Dictionary of American
Authors," now in course of preparation.

By the prompt co-operation of those who
are interested in the matter, the early pub-
lication of the directory may be secured.
Editors of periodicals, to whom the direc-
tory will be especially useful, are requested
to aid in the compilation by sending to the
editor the addresses of contributors who do
good work,but who may not have a national
reputation. The more of such addresses
the directory contains, the greater its use-
fulness to editors will be.

The authors of bee-books aud writers for
bee-periodicals should send their names,
addresses, etc., so that the bee-interests
may be represented, as becometh their
importance.

The Kiffhtli Edition of our book-
entitled " Bees and Honey, or the Manage-
ment of the Apiary for Pleasure and
Profit," is now published, and ready for
delivery. This edition has been largely
re-written, thoroughly revised, and is;
"fully up with the times" in all the
improvements and inventions in this
rapidly-developing pursuit, and presents
the apiarist with everything that can aid
i n the successful management of an apiary
and at the same time produce the most
honey in an attractive condition. It con-
tains 250 pages, aud 2-15 illustrations— is
beautifully printed in the highest style of
the art, and bound in cloth, gold lettered.
Price, -SI. 00, postpaid.

Here are some of the earliest comments-
on this new edition :

The 8th edition (revised) of "Bees and
Honey "is on my desk, and a gem it is;
printed on paper of the finest finish, and
with the clearest of type, fully up to the
times, profusely and beautifully illustrated
— making it, as an album alone, worth the-
dollar charged for the book. In answering
the many inquiries as to the best bee
books, I shall be proud to place at the head,
" Bees and Honey, or the Management of
an Apiary for Pleasure and Profit," by
Thomas G. Newman, editor of the American
Bee Journal. — Geo. E. Hilton, Fremont,,
Mich.

When turning the leaves of my copy of
the new edition of your book, entitled
"Bees and Honey," I was much pleased to
find in it the portraits of so many of the
leading apiculturists, and unexpectedly
found my own among them. I am sure I
can never repay you for the honor you
have done me. — Eugene Secor, Forest City,
Iowa.

The new edition of " Bees and Honey " is
received. It is an excellent work, with
nothing lacking in perfection and beauty,
and will speak for itself to the mind of
every reader. It is well worthy of a large-
circulation. I shall use it as my daily
hand-book, and recommend it to bee-keep-
ers with whom I come in contact. It is
cheering to notice the countenances of the
many masters of the art, whose able arti-
cles aid apiculturists through the columns
of the American Bee Journal. — Stephen
Roese, Maiden Rock, Wis.

Complimentary Words. — Here are-
some of the newest expressions of satis-
faction from our patrons :

My advertisement of Japanese buck-
wheat seed for sale, which I put in the
American Bee Journal, brought more-
orders than I could fill. So I bought my
neighbor's crop, which is now almost gone.
I hope that none will send me the money
until they have written, for I do not want
to send back hundreds of dollars. — E. C.
Eaglesfield, Berlin, Wis.

I have received the seed. Well, to tell the-
truth, if a man could get supplies that
quick, when he wanted them, it would save-
lots of money, and hard words, too. — C. K.
Reading, Davenport, Iowa.

The Singer Sewing Machine you sent me,
does splendid work. I am well pleased with
it.— G. Ruff, Burlington, Iowa.

My bill of goods I ordered from you
reached me all right and in good condition
— everything as I ordered. — Robt. Harvey,
Aurora, Ills.

irmm M'MMmiGmM mmw jQvimnKi^.

3G5

^j^^^-^j^j^^^'^'j^'^AmA^AmAmA»»m*m*m^mikmk»^'- — "'--^' — - — --^'^'--'

^S %

Space Bees will Least Likely
Fill with Wax.

Written for the Amerlcmi BeeJofu/nial

QuEKY 709. — There is undoubtedly a cer-
tain space which the bees are least inclined
to fill with wax or propolis. What, accord-
ing to your own experience, is the exact
measurement of the correct bee-space? —
New York.

Three-sixteenths of an inch.— Euoene
Secoe.

About % of an inch. — J. P. H. Brown.

Five-sixteenths of an inch. — G. M. Dog-
little.

Scarce % of an inch ; about five-sixteenths
of an inch. — A. J. Cook.

A little less than Jj of an inch. — Dadast
■& Son.

Five-sixteenths of an inch, as nearly as
jou can get it. — H. D. Cutting.

Three-eighths of an inch ; possibly a shade
scant. — Mrs. L. Harrison.

A strong quarter of an inch, or five-six-
teenths of an inch, is just right. — C. H.

DiBBERN.

I may not be authority, but I use % of an
inch.— J. M. Hambadgh.

Three-eighths of an inch is generally sup-
posed to be the correct bee-space. — Will M.
Barnum.

I do not know. It is less than % of an
inch, and more than J..^. Perhaps five-six-
teenths of an inch is about right. — C. C.
Miller.

Five-sixteenths of an inch, but with a 5%-
inch space there is but little, if any, more
wax or propolis deposited. — A. B. M.1SON.

More depends upon having absolutely
smooth surfaces, than on the distance
apart. I have not determined, to my own
satisfaction, the exact space. One-fourth of
an inch is not far wrong. — M. Mahin.

If I could be always sure of having what
I wanted, I would have bee-spaces % of an
inch ; but as wood so often springs, allow-
ance must be made so that the bee-spaces
may not be too small. — R. L. Tatlok.

The proper space is just between too wide
and too close ; and I think that a shade less
than five-sixteenths of an inch is as near as
can be practicably reached. Wood will
shrink and swell a little, and top-bars of
frames will get a little "off," no matter
how accurately made, and the best that I
can do is to aim at a five-sixteenths of an
inch space. — G. W. Demaree.

The same that Father Langstroth gave us
over 30 years ago— scant ^j, of an inch, or,
more exact, five-sixteenths of an inch
above the frame ; -^g of an inch will do very
well at the ends of the frames, and }4 inch
is all right at the bottom, below the frames.
— James Heddon.

The exact measurement of the correct
bee-space is ',4 of an inch, or a space that a
bee can move in freely ; but five-sixteenths
of an inch is the space that should be pro-
vided between the brood-frames and the
ends of the hive, to facilitate the removal
of the frames without killing bees. Queen-
•excluders that come within '4 of an inch of
the top-bars of the brood-frames, greatly
lessen the building of burr-combs. — G. L.
Tinker.

It is impossible to fix frames in practice
so that they will space exactly throughout
the whole hive. I use the ID -frame Lang-
stroth hive, 14i4 inches wide, spacing the

frames so that a •'„inch dummy will fit
closely in one side of the hive. I use the
dummy for convenience in working, and
consider the spacing as above stated to
be as nearly right as is possible to get it. —
J. E. Pond.

The exact measurement of the space
required for bees, for easy passage, is five-
sixteenths of an inch, but they will not fill
a space with comb which is not more than
^s of an inch in size.— The Editor.

SPACING- COMBS.

The Proper Distance — Number
of Cells to the Inch.

Written Jot the American Bee Journal
BY DR. C. C. MILLER.

I have been much interested in read-
ing the article on page 313. Some
things in it make me think of Mr. Faj-
lor as a careful and independent e.x-
perimenter, finding accepted theories
wrong, while other things in his article
raise the question whether his own
theories are not too hastily formed.
That "the black bee is rapidly giving
way to the 4 and 5 banded Italian," I
think is hardly correct. Most bee-
keepers have only 3-banded Italians,
and I doubt whether many of them
care to increase the number of bands.

With regard to the spacing of combs,
I am glad that he has called in question
the practice of many, whether he be
right or wrong. The fact is, it seems
to me that too many have settled upon
If inches, or some other distance,
without any reason for their conclusion,
and it is high time to ask why is 1',, li
inches, or any other distance, tlie
proper one for spacing ? Mr. Faylor
gives us a weighty argument when he
gives us the testimony of the bees
themselves.

Novv, if, as Mr. Faylor says, all the
main combs in a box-hive are placed
not less than IJ inches apart, there
should be some very good reason for
spacing closer. I am sorry to say that
I have no readj' means to verify his
observations. I think that it would be
a favor to the fraternity, if a number
would report in the American Bee
Journal, as to the distance from cen-
ter to center of the central combs in a
box-hive. Even if we should find li
inches the rule in box-hives, the advo-
cates of closer spacing might say that
bees left to themselves will use a
spacing that will allow the building of
drone-comb; and we don't want drone-
comb.

The argument that wide spacing
gives more room for storing hone}'
above the brood-nest for winter, has
force.

That "bees are mor(' liable to swarm
where the combs are hung too near
each other," may be true, hut if less
than li inclies is considered "too
near." it runs violently afoul of Mr.
Pond's plan of preventing swarming
by shaving combs down to J of an
inch, and leaving only a bee-space be-
tween, thus spacing from center to
center, I5 inches, or less. It would
require a good deal of testimony, I
think, to make the mass of bee-keepers
think that spacing less than lA inches
induces swarming.

Do the observations of others agree
with those of Mr. Faylor, that more
brace-combs are found with IJ or If
spacing than with IJ ?

NUJIBER OF CELLS TO THE INCH.

When I read that Mr. Faylor intends
to throw away his old foundation
machine, and use one that will make
4J cells to the inch, I cannot help won-
dering if he is fully posted as to exper-
iments already made in that line.
Years ago, Mr. A. I. Root made foun-
dation 4J cells to the inch, and received
some left-handed " blessings " for it.
I had some of it. The bees did not
seem to know whether it was drone or
worker comb, and did not appear to
reli-sli it for either.

Mr. Faylor is a very brave man to
intimate that bees, of their own accord,
build worker-cells larger than 5 to the
inch. Are all the books and observers
of the last hundred years in error on
this point ? If Mr. Faylor does not
want to lose reputation as a careful ob-
server, he will do well to make some
critical measurements, and send sam-
ples to the editor. I think that I caa
find combs by the hundred, from 5 to
20 years old, that contain cells measur-
ing 5 to the inch, and yet they produce
just as large workers as when the
combs were new. I think that others
have given testimony to the same eft'ect.

P. S. — I ought to say that bees do not
build comb exactly 5 cells to the inch,
but about 4 4-5; and that comb founda-
tion is also made the same size. Until
I measured, I supposed that exactly
5 cells to the inch was correct.

Marengo, Ills.

ILLINOIS.

Report of the Capital Bee-
Keepers' Convention.

Written for tlw American Bee Journal

BY C. E. YOCOJI.

The Capital Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion met at Springfield, Ills., on May
7, 1890. The convention was called
to order by President P. J. England.

From the report of the members, we
gather that of the 599 colonies left ou

366

XHlg JEBdERICMlf mmm JO'WMKMI*.

the summer stands, 27 (4i per cent.)
were lost ; of the 152 colonies stored
in cellars. 15 (9 4-5 per cent.) were
lost — a dift'erence of 5 3-10 pev cent.
in favor of out-door wintering, the past
winter. Of the 21,900 pounds of comb
honey produced in 1889, onlj- 50
pounds remain unsold, and of the
8,170 pounds of extracted honey, 570
pounds remain unsold.

After disposing with the Order of
Business, Mr. Jas. A. Stone, of Brad-
fordton. Ills., read an essay on

Comb Ooney— Production, Care.

Comb honey, in all its purity, and
without a possibility of adulteration,
is one of the healthiest, and, we might
say, the healthiest sweet that goes
upon the market.

While the sweets of commei'ce may
be — some of them — pure and unadul-
terated, yet it is possible to make them
otherwise, and it is a shame to say
that some one is ever ready with his
process by which to make a profit by
imposing on his fellows. But thanks
to the Giver of all good things, that
He has made the little honey-bee so
wise that it can make a comb that can-
not be imitated, in which to deposit
the honey it gathers.

We will say nothing of the adultera-
tion of extracted honey — except that
the price of the same is so low that we
do not believe it is carried on exten-
sivel}', as there can be but little, if any
profit. But while there is as pure a
sweet as comb honey is acknowledged
to be, let us lend our time for a few
moments to the consideration of its
" production and care."

There are many points to be con-
sidered, but we shall only touch on one
or two of them, that we think are most
vital.

Kind of Bees. — We ought to have
the kind that will gather the most
honey, unless they are more dangerous
as regards " life, liberty and the pur-
suit of happiness ;" and, in the Italian,
we claim to have a bee superior in dis-
position, as well as other qualities, to
the native bee.

Since the importation of Italian bees
to the United States in 1860, they have
increased rapidly, and have become
very favorably known. They are
superior to our native bees, in their
large size and greater beauty ; they are
more prolific, longer lived, more in-
dustrious, less sensitive to cold, and
they swarm earlier and more fre-
quently, and continue later than com-
mon bees. Rev. L. L. Langstroth said
that his Italian colonies gathered more
than twice as much honey as his colo-
nies of common bees ; and Mr. Quinby
said that in all his experience, he had
not received an unfavorable report of
them.

Kind ok Hive and Sections. — Of
late years we all know that there is no
market for honey in the old-fashioned
box. And why ? Because it is super-
seded by the one-pound section. In
all the commercial world, the object
sought is to get things into the laest
possible shape for handling ; and this
shape for comb honey is conceded to
be the one-pound section. Then, it
follows, that the hive used should be
the one in which we can handle the
sections with the greatest ease and
convenience, regarding stickiness, irri-
tating bees, etc.

We want a hive having a section-
case in which the sections are so
placed as to be easily taken out when
full ; or, if not desired to be taken out,
the case raised and an empty one
placed under it ; and so on, tiering up
indefinitely, and thus leave the honey
in the care of the bees (as they can
care for it better than we can) till we
want it for market, or, if the time
comes for storing away for winter, we
can take it from the hive in the case
without loosening or breakage.

Pastdrage for Bees — The bee-
keepers of this part of the country
have learned that in the years when
white clover is a failure, the surplus
honey crop is also more or less a fail-
ure, which proves that it is our best
honey-producing plant ; also, the honey
it yields demands the highest market
price.

Other plants, such as Spanish-needle
and heart's-ease, sometimes yield a
good supply of fall honey, but to en-
courage their growth is to grow weeds.
Buckwheat sometimes furnishes well,
but I have seen it in full bloom when
it did not produce at all. Catnip and
motherwort are excellent honey-pro-
ducers, but the trouble with them is
that they never become plentiful
enough, for they are biennial, and
easily killed out where land is culti-
vated, and are almost useless for other
purposes, except medicinal.

In some localities golden-rod is val-
uable as a honey-plant, but I have
failed ever to see a single bee gather-
ing from it. Alsike clover (where it
has become common) is conceded by
bee-keepers generally, to be ahead of
all other plants — for this and many
other States — as a honey-plant. The
attendants upon the Northwestern
Bee-Keepers' Convention spoke in high
praise of this clover as a pasture for
stock as well, and for mowing for hay ;
and many who had tested it preferred
it to red clover, to mix with timothy —
its good points being that it ripened
with timothy and cured as quickly. So
in summing up honey-plants, I be-
lieve our best plant is the Alsike clover.
With all the above-named plants
favorable, the bees will produce the

coveted sweet ; but I do not believe
that it is wise to be over-anxious to
get the first drop of honey that it ia
possible for the bees to secure in the
spring, and thereby starve the brood.
In other words, I do not believe in
"killing the goose that lays the golden
egg ;" but I do believe in first provid-
ing for the life and health of the
"goose," that she may "lay" many
" golden eggs."

But one says if they do not produce
stores enough to carry them through,
feed them on something less valuable
than honey. The question then arises.
Is that possible, in the light of reason ?
I do not believe that there is any other
food for bees that is as good as that
which they gather where Nature has
supplied it, notwithstanding the au-
thority on the other side of the ques-
tion.

Suppose one gets his bees through
the winter on a food that is much
cheaper than another uses, and event-
ually (though perhaps not for a year
or two) some disease — diarrhea, foul
brood or what not — breaks out among
them, and the profit ceases, bees and
all. "But." you say, " these diseases
will sometimes come anyway." Cer-
tainly ; but we notice that those who
are crying most in favor of feeding are
those who have the most disease in
their apiaries to cry about. We no-
ticed in the Northwestern Convention
last fall, that the very man who had
the most to say about a bee-feed to
prevent diarrhea, was the same man
who said most about his bees being
troubled with it. I quote from the
American Cyclopa?dia, when I say,
"Feeding should never be attempted
as a matter of profit."

Care of Comb Honey. — In storing,
it should have a warm, dry place ; and
one said in the convention last fall,
that it ought not to be tiered within K
inches of the wall of the room.

In marketing, I believe that our
first, last and all-the-time rule should
be — Tidiness. We should not let our
honey go into the market with impi'es-
sions of our thumbs on the sections.
Nothing would be more vexing, than
for one to offer his honey to an old
customer, and have him say, "Why,
here is some honey I got from Mr. A.,
at 2 cents less than you ofier yours, ■
and I can't sell it." You look at it —
you do not wonder that it will not sell,
for it has no inviting appearance. If
men do not know it, the sooner they
learn it the better, that almost every-
thing is sold to the majority of people
on its looks ; and tidiness is first con-
sidered when the appetite is being
tempted.

In the first place each section should
have the wax scraped off around the
edges, where the bees have come at it.

'THEL JCMBMICIEK BEEB JOUTRI^SlLr.

367

and then it should be placed in a nice,
clean shipping-crate. I prefer the
single tier, as tliere is no drip from
the upper to the lower sections. Have
glass in one side, and do not let it go
to market in such a sliape that you
cannot see through it. for it is there to
look through.

Some of the grocers send back the
shipping-crates in a very bad condi-
tion, and I have noticed that they are
the ones who sell the least honey (t. e.,
where they show it in the cases), and
the cases ought to be nice enough to
show the honey in.

In some instances when I have fur-
nished private families, and afterwards
called for the crates, they would go to
the cellar for them. In such cases,
they seldom give the second order.
The probabilities are that the honey
lasted longer than it was good. People
must learn that warmth and dryness
are requisite to the good of honey —
not a cellar. Some of the productions
of man keep best in the cellar, but that
is not the proper place to keep comb
honey. Jas. A. Stone.

Mr. Robbins — Are your bees all
Italians ?

Mr. Stone — No; some of them are not.

Mr. Robbins — What is your sign of
purity ?

Mr. Stone — Three yellow bands.

Mr. Robbins — That is not a sure
sign. I have had bees that had three
yellow bands, and were Italians so far
as looks were concerned, but their dis-
position proved them to be hybrids.
The finest looking bees are not always
the best. I once got some bees from
a bee-keeper that were black ; I wrote
to him about it, and he replied that the
color had nothing to do with it. They
proved to be good bees.

D. D. Cooper judges by temper, and
clinging to the combs, rather than by
yellow bands. He also had some bees
from the same bee-keeper mentioned
by Mr. Robbins, that were black, but
good bees.

Mr. Draper— I had queens in 1870
that wei'e better than any I ever had,
or could find, since. Has anybody
ever seen black or German bees that
stuck to the combs while being manip-
ulated ?

Mr. Stone bad not. neither had he
ever seen Italians that were well
marked, that did not stick to the
combs.

Mr. Kennedy judges the purity of
bees by their actions.

Mr. Becker does not bother about
bands. He feeds his bees sugar for
winter stores, and is successful, while
his neighbors, who feed honey, fail in
wintering. Last winter was a bad
winter for bees to consume their
stores.

The convention then adjourned till
1:15 p.m.

AFTERNOON SESSION.

The convention was called to order
at 1:15 p.m., with President England
in the chair.

KINDS OF HIVES DSED.

This subject was brought up, and
the Simplicity, Improved Langstroth
Simplicity, and the old style Heddon
were mentioned.

Mr. Cooper uses the latter, and likes
them best, although the Improved
Langstroth Simplicity, as now made,
are better than they used to be.

Mr. Stone — Wherein is your hive
better than the Improved Langstroth
Simplicity ?

Mr. Cooper — The honey-boards pre-
vent brace-combs, and sections can be
taken out easier than from the Im-
proved Langstroth Simplicity.

Mr. Stone uses the Improved Lang-
stroth Simplicitj-, and has no trouble
in getting the sections out of the
super. The Secretary also uses the
same, and experiences no difficulty in
removing the sections. At one time
he was so well pleased with the appear-
ance of tlie old style Heddon hive,
that he made one for trial, but as it
was late in the season, and the
weather cool, he had trouble in getting
the sections out without spoiling them.
This hive is used for only comb honej",
while the Improved Langstroth Sim-
plicity is a general-purpose hive.

Mr. Geo. F. Robbins, of Mechanics-
brug, Ills., then read an essay on

Creatins: a Home Market.

One day last summer I chanced to
stand for a few moments on the pave-
ment near the Farmers' National Bank,
when a group of four newsboys and
boot-blacks came round the corner,
and proceeded to besiege me for a job.
A silent shake of the head repelled all
attacks, but the assault was in turn
renewed upon several other pedes-
trians witli like success. At length,
one of them said: "Come, let's go
over to the other side of the square,"
and for the other side they started. I
will follow them prettj- soon.

When I began to cogitate as to what
I should say upon this subject.I thought
to urge, as usual, for it is one of my
hobbies : Work up your home market.
Sell to your neighbors. Sell all you
can at and near home. Then I re-
membered what one of Springfield's
leading grocers said to me in 1886,
" that honey cut into the sj'rnp trade
like everjthiug ;" and I thought, when
I urge honey upon a neighbor, do I
not work against the business of some-
one else ? Do I not press the honey-
trade at the expense of some other
commodity that may have a prior

Claim ? As I crowd myself and mine
in, do I not crowd others and theirs
out ? And then I thought about these
boot-blacks.

Now let us not say right here that
humanitarianism has no place in the
business world — we do not think or
feel that way. Though the selfish in
their nature may seek to crowd it out,
or the cj'nical to disown it, yet busi-
ness men are at heart interested in the
welfare of their fellow men. Here
were four shiners, each one working
for himself, in a sense, in opposition
to the rest, yet each one saying to his
fellows, "Come, go with me." I say
opposition, in a sense, for he is only
seeking his own, not another's. Let
me, not hivi, shine your boots ;" but if
his competitor gets the job, it is fairly
won — it is his.

It fitly illustrates the state of things
in this business world ; a hundred
boot-blacks, a hundred merchants, a
hundred farmers, may be all in com-
petition, all grasping for the same
prize to the exclusion of the others,
yet each saying to all, "Come, go with
me ;" and what is true of persons is
true of occupations and commodities.
A thousand articles on the merchant's
shelves, all striving together for the
patronage of the consumer ; and the
advent of a new boot-black, or a new
article, or industry upon tlie arena,
has only the ultimate effect to produce
a more persistent striving. The one
elbowed out here, must only push in
jonder. The suppl}' will seek a de-
mand.

A trade or business will strive, so to
speak, to find its level. It is this
striving that constitues the very life of
business. Why do the waters in their
streams flow on with such restless
energy ? What is the secret of their
wonderful power — a power so great
that it requires a breakwater of almost
adamantine strength to ai'rest their
progress for a moment ? Why is it
that though when damned in their
channel they may present a smooth,
quiet surface, the moment they reach
the edge of the precipice they charge
over and on with a force and fury aug-
mented in proportion to the resistance
which they have met? Wh}-, the
waters are simply seeking their level.
So it is in the business world. Trades
and industries will find their level, and
when turned from one channel, they
will seek another. Honey is itself no
exception to the rule. It is compara-
tivelj- a new article — the world of
commerce is working its way ; but
though honey may crowd out some
other commodity to-daj', some other
will strive with it to-morrow.

A 3'oung m.in was once employed to
sell a certain article to the trade. A
few days after he started, he wrote to

368

Tmm jtM®Ki©2Ei« ®E'® j,&^mmm.'&!.

t^*<»*<»*a>*^*^*«>*^>^»^»»*a«

his firm, ■' There are three men ahead
of me selling a like article. What
shall I do ?" The answer came quick
and terse : " Go on. There are fifty
more behind you.'' So our product —
honey — must not only strive with all
that has preceded it, but all that is to
follow.

Now, conceding the all-important
item is to create a demand for honey,
how shall we do it ? How can we do
it best ? Why, go to jour neighbors
right at the outset. " Bone " the first
and nearest. Ask him if he does not
want some honey. That is a simple
way, but I deem it important and es-
sential. To give a neighbor a little to
tickle his palate, may be a good plan,
but I have not practiced it much. I
simply tickle this man or that woman
personally, and talk them into it ; and
if at first I " don't succeed," 1 "try,
try again."

Don't force a man — that is not nec-
sary ; but if there is a chance to inter-
est him, do it. As my grandmother
used to say, "Mind your p's and q's."
Don't try to take him by storm — just
outflank him if j-ou can.

I believe I will break into the thread
of my essaj- here, to tell a little story.
I once sold a few pounds to a doctor,
but afterwards, when I endeavored a
time or two to sell him a little bit, he
declined — said he was too poor.
Nothing daunted, one evening last
fall 1 approached nim again on the
subject. Again he declined.

" Why, don't you like it?" " O, a
little — not very much."

" Where do you keep j'our honey
when you have any ? or do you know
how the honey you used to have, was
taken care of ?" Soon I had him
drawn into a litttle conversation on
the nature and care of honey. Said I,
finally, " You had better try a little of
mj' honey."

" Well, bring me up about a dollar's
worth."

Not very long after I took him the
honey, he met me with, " George, got
any more honej' ?"

" Yes, sir ; 2 000 pounds of it, or
thereabout."

" Bring us up another dollar's worth,
will you ?"

Of course I would, and of course I did.

About a week later, when I met him
again, "George," said he, "what's the
matter with your honey ? Somehow
or other, it won't keep at all. Don't
know what we're going to do about it."

I said that I did not know what was
the matter,unless it was that the honej-
was just too good to keep, and that I
supposed we would just have to re-
place it with another dollar's worth.
We did so.

Finally, one Sunday in February,
the father met me in the aisle of the

church, and with a smile about the
dimensions of a two-pound houey-sec-
tion, said : "Mr. Robbins,the doctor's
folks are out of honey. The doctor
has been wanting to order more, but
he said he had not got to see you."
" All right," I said, " I will bring some
up to-morrow evening."

There was four dollars worth to
a nice customer whom I found it hard
to gain. It was no small accomplish-
ment. You see I deliver my honey.
That is the right way. Don't ask a
man to bu\' some honey, and tell him
to come and get it. Don't be afraid
to peddle a little. I started out to
work up a trade that very way. At
first my sales in half a day would
hardly pay wages ; but I soon learned
where I would sell honey. Now they
look for me to come around, and some-
times send me an order.

I do not advise hauling comb honey
around much, unless you have a pretty
good idea where you can dispose of it.
In that case, weigh it and wrap it in
about dollar packages. Be a one-
priced man. Treat all alike. Better
lose a sale now and then, than suifer
men to "Jew" you down.

One of my best customers refused
last fall to pay me my price, and I left
him. I afterwards decided to do what
perhaps I should have done at first —
tell him if he would take 13.00 worth,

1 would let him have it at his price.
He bought two installments on these
terms. I then adhered to the rule
with others. Not many, however, will
stick at the price, or take so much at
a time.

I dispose of considerable honey in
trade for articles which I desire.
Workingmen men especially will often
exchange their stock in trade — labor —
for honey, when they would not ven-
ture the cash.

I have put my honey on sale in local
stores, but I cannot do it with the best
success. There are three villages from

2 to 5 miles from home. The most
distant market is my best one, in this
respect ; the nearest one is the poorest.
The latter I can generally supply
directly with better satisfaction to all
parties. In disposing of honey in this
way, my practice has been to select
sections as nearly even and equal
weight as possible, put them into a
glassed shipping-case, fix the price
myself, and pay the merchant a com-
mission. The sections of irregular
weight I use to supply private custo-
mers. I have never paid more than
10 per cent, commission. One great
rub seems to be to find just the right
kind of an agent.

Fiuallj', let us remember that honey
is largely a luxury, and must be pro-
duced for luxury seekers. Produce a
good, however, as well as a nice article

of honey. It must be made to please
both eye and palate. I grow less and
less disposed to sell an inferior article,
without telling my customers. When
my clerk came to live with me recentlj'
I put some honej' on the table that I
had left on the hives until fall. It had
acquired the dark color and pungent
fiavor that such honey always does.
He thought he liked it pretty well at
first, although I could not eat it. But
pretty soon he began to tire of it.
When I put a section of good honey
on the dish, and he tasted thereof, he
said, "Now this tastes fit to eat. This
is good." I had not told him there
was any difterence in quality, either.

Whatever I do, I always grade my
honej', and sell the different grades at
what they are worth. I have some-
times sold a very poor article at a very
low price — and the purchaser seemed
to like it. You know some folks have
not the keen perception in taste that
others have — just as it is with all the
other senses. But folks will grow tired
of poor honey sooner than they will
tire of a good article. Indeed, judg-
ing from my own experience, I am
confident that the distaste of so many
to honey, is very largely (it may be
principally) due to eating a poor
article.

The care of honey does not belong
to this subject, but the quality of honey
does, for very obvious reasons, and,
hence, I take it upon myself to urge
upon this convention, if you would
build up your home market, or any
other market, study j'our best to pro-
duce first-class honey.

Geo. F. Robbins.

Mr. Cooper — Do you give any hon^j-
away to induce the recipient to buy ?

Mr. Robbins — No. If you do that,
he will expect more.

Mr. Stone once asked a man if he
wanted some honey. He replied, "No,
I don't care much for honey." The
next time he was in town, he gave the
man some honey, and sold to him
afterwards.

Mr. Draper placed a hive with
"Pure Honey" in large letters on it,
in his wagon, and sold lots of honey.
He soon became well known. "They
even call me ' Honey,' " he said. "Peo-
ple salute me with, ' Hello, Honey,' or
'How-do-you-do, Honey?'"

Mr. Becker had some broken comb
honej' that he oft'ered for sale. Once
he was met with : "It is too late. It
will not keep. I bought some extracted
honey of you, and it did not keep."
He sold to another man, who started
into the cellar with his honey. He
was stopped, and told not to put it in
the cellar.

Mr. Van Doren — I never peddled
any honej' until last year. I got started

XHE mimmmicnn mmm journs:il.

3 GO

by some neighbors who asked me if I
had any honey. I answered, "Yes,
sir." They then said : " Bring rae
two or three (sometimes live or si.\)
dollars worth."

Mr. Goff has no troulilo iu selling
honey. People call for it, and he
<:ould sell more than he can produce.

SHADE-BOARDS FOR HIVES.

The Question-Box was opened, and
•"Does it pay to use shade-boards?" was
asked.

Mr. Draper said his bees did not need
them.

Mr. Becker — I do not want any
shade for my bees any time. Give the
bees the sun the year round. I have
never seen a frame melted down, that
a good colony of bees had access to.
Give them plenty of room and venti-
lation.

Mr. Stone has his bees under a shed.
The strongest colony he had last sea-
sou was under a tree. He could not
say which is best — sun or shade.

Mr. Robbins — Shade is a good thing
in summer. I like artificial shade.

EXTRACED HONEY — SWARMING.

Mr. England — Use large hives for
extracting. To prevent swarming, do
not allow the combs to get more than
three-fourths full.

Wm. Yocom — If bees have plenty of
room in the right place, I do not be-
lieve that they will ever swarm. In
Kentucky, my father once cut 12 hol-
low logs, 6 feet long and 4 feet wide,
and placed a smaller '• gum " contain-
ing bees on top of each, so arranging
it that the bees were obliged to pass
down through the lower '• gum." Not
one of them ever swarmed until the
whole " gum " was filled. My father-
in-law once built a house 6 feet square,
with shelves arranged on three sides,
and a door in the other. Bees were
introduced to this huge hive, which
stood for several years. They never
filled the hive, nor never sivanncd.

HONEY FROM ALSIKE CLOVER.

" Does Alsike clover furnish more
than one yield of honey in a season ?"

Mr. England — My Alsike never
blooms but once, to amount to any-
thing, in a season. It furnishes no
honey after being cut. It seeds
itself.

Mr. Van Doren — While iu Cleveland.
Ohio, I learned that Alsike furnished
nearlj- all the honey in that locality,
two years ago. It makes good ha}-,
and more of it than red clover.

Mr. Cooper — It is not a good
bloomer after it has been cut. I would
sow no other kind, even if I had no
bees.

HOW TO WIRE FRAMES.

"How do you wire frames ?"
C. E. Yocom- -All the frames I ever
wired had triangular top-bars. I pierce
a hole near each end of the top-bar —
about I of an inch from the shoulder ;
also five other holes at equal distances
between these. Treat the bottom-bar
in like manner. Then I usually com-
mence at the upper right-hand corner,
by driving a J inch wire nail, and
securing one end of the wire to it.
Pass the wire down through the first
hole in the top-bar, across the frame
through the first hole in the bottom-
bar ; pass to the right, up through the
next hole in the bottom-bar, on up
through the corresponding hole in the
top-bar ; pass to the third hole in the
top-bar, down again, and so on until
the holes have all been used, secur-
ing the end of the wire with another
small nail. If the wire be drawn
rather taut, the bottom-bar will be
sprung up a little, which' may be
easily straightened, and at the same
time draw all kinks from the wire. I
use neither diagonal nor horizontal
wires.

Mr. Draper — I have an even num-
ber of holes in the frames, and, when
nailing them together, I leave a nail
at each end of the top-bar up a little,
to fasten the ends of the wire to.

SIZE OF FRAMES AND HIVES.

It was ascertained that nearly every
one present favored the Langstroth
size of frame, and 10-frame hives. Mr.
Draper uses a larger hive, and says
that he can reduce the size of it easier
than he can increase the size of a
small one. Mr. Draper exhibited a
new swarm-trap of his own invention,
which consists of a box with triggers
and trap-doors, b}- means of which, it
is believed, an issuing swarm may be
led or forced iuto another box, to be
hived at the leisure of the apiarist.

The convention then adjourned.
C. E. Yocom, Sec.

'I'lie Voice of Hope.

Written for the Illustrated Home Journal,

BY MRS. LIZZIE A. VORE.

'Tls always proven if we wait, that sunshine follows
ni^tat;
The darkest niKht must have a dawn, the longest
lane must nave a turn—
And the jnys most sure and bright,
Are the joys we fairly earn.

Pin no faith to hand of Fate — trust not thou to
luck for aid :
Falternot but bravely work, tho' thy path be rough
and steep;
By ourselves, our lives are made,
God's sweet grace thy soul will keep.

God's sweet wisdom thee will guide; hew thy future
oat with care.
There are days of crushing woe, there are hours
of deepest pain.
Work thou im wiui whispered prayer;
Thou a sure reward wilt gain.
Pasadena, Calif.

SPRAYING TREES.

Varioiiii Iflclliod§ of Riilding the
Fniil-Trccs of Inf«ec'ls.

Written for the American Bee Journal
BY a. GERE.

As fruit-growing is my specialty. I
will write a few brief notes from expe-
rience.

Spraying fruit-trees with arsenites
is comparatively a new thing, and, like
many new hobbies in bee-keeping,
generally is run to the opposite ex-
treme. Remember, I am writing from
my own experience ; if others have a
better one, let them use it — I shall not
disagree with them.

I have seen so much error on this
subject, and it is copied from paper to
paper, thus doing much harm. It is
said to be the best remedj' for all kinds
of insects that infest all kinds of fruit-
trees. This I very much doubt. The
man who uses good judgment, is care-
ful, cautious and orderly, can make a
success of it on certain kinds of trees,
but if ho is not, he had better let it
entirely alone, as it will kill the fruit,
the leaves will drop prematurely, and
smaller branches will be killed, even if
the tree is not permanently injured.

The apple is the least sensitive of
any to a dose of Paris green. I prefer
this to any other poison. It should be
sprayed a few days after the blossoms
have fallen, as then the calyx end of
the apple inclines upward, in which
end the egg is laid. The spraying may
be repeated again in 10 daj's or 2
weeks. Poiirs may be sprayed about
the same time. I do not use it on
cherries, if the trees hang full, as the
insects can take one-half, and it will
be all the better for the others, thus
thinning the fruit. Those insects which
we so much hate, are not alwaj's our
enemies, after all.

I do not use it on plum trees, as I
think that the jarring process is the
safest and best, all things considered.
This consists of a light frame covered
with cloth to extend out as far as the
branches extend, with an opening to
admit the body of the tree. A sharp
blow should be given on a large-headed
spike, driven into the tree for the pur-
pose. Repeat it evei'y other da}', as
long as any curculios are found, com-
mencing after the blossoms fall.

As to the remedy, not long since
mentioned in the Bee Journal, of
saturating a yarn siring with turpen-
tine, and tying this around the tree —
why, it is perfectly absurd, when we
consider tlie fact that the eurculio is
perfectly able to Hy from tree to tree,
and from orchard to orchard.

In regard to spra3ing before blos-
soms fall, as given in Mr. Chas. A.

370

THi^ mv^MMiQmm be© jo^rksiu.

Green's Catalogue, I think that it is
verj' bad advice, to say the least ; how-
ever, it is not recommended by horti-
culturists, generally — in fact, I have
never seen it in any other place, and I
have had pretty free access to horti-
cultural reading. Let us suppose that
it would be beneficial, would it not go
directly into the blossoms, poisoning
the honey which would not only kill
the bees, but those that eat the honey
— perhaps yourself, family or neigh-
bors, or even the one that did the
spraying ? This needs no comment.

1 answer as a fruit-grower and bee-
keeper of 30 years' experience, with a
decided "No !"

In regard to spraying later in the
season for the numerous varieties of
caterpillars, etc., that feed on the
leaves — it is, in my opinion, perfectly
useless, as the experienced eye can go
along once a week between two rows
of trees, and see the first work of the
worms, even, when 2 or 3 leaves have
been eaten. I can pick them oft' by
single leaves, or a very small branch,
and crush them with the foot.

Of all the insects that infest fruits,
none are so hard for me to conquer,
as the currant-borer. This brings me
to hellebore as a remedy for the cur-
rant-worm. It will not do the work
for me, not being poisonous enough.
It takes more poison for the currant-
worm than anything else that I know
of, except the potato-bug. I use, for
the currant-worm, J of a teaspoonful to

2 gallons of water. It is hard to give
the right amount to use, as it varies so
much in strength. I think that the
quantity, as generally givgn, is much
too large ; enough should be put in to
color (he water just a little, and no
more. Do not think to make a sure
thing of it, and put in more, for you
will probably be sorry when it is too
late.

Bees did very well here last season,
and are very strong now, with every
prospect for a good season.

Springfield, Pa., May 10, 1890.

in the clear morning sunlight ; and as
the rustling winds shake from each
tiny cup, its peai'ly dewdrop, and the
warmth from the sun is being gently
diftused over Mother Earth, the nectar
suitable for the gods begins to flow
from the corolla of each and every
snowy-crested petal, and as we gaze
upon the little-winged harvesters,
gracefully flitting from bloom to bloom,
we are filled with admiration, and
wonder what there can be so enticing
in those tiny petals, from which they
love to sip. It is delicious honey !

'• It is Nature's offering to man, dis-
tilled drop by drop in myriads of
flowers, by a more delicate and perfect
process than any human laboi'atory
ever produced." And Nature's little
harvesters are the most delicate and
perfect of all gleaners, and are a
marvel to the intelligence of antiquity,
and to modern science.

Then let us not hesitate to place be-
fore our fellow-man this wholesome
sweet, in its virgin purity, which can
only be accomplished by the use of the
extractor.

It should be the universal liquid
sweet of every home in the land, in
place of the vile stuff called " syrups,"
usually found upon the markets, which
are not fit to take within the stomach.

Let every lover of justice, right and
truth, push this most laudable enter-
prise, and see that extracted honey
gains a verdict in popular favor which
it so justly deserves ; and let evei'y
honey-producer strive to place his
product upon the market in the most
inviting manner possible, and let his
name accompany each and every pack-
age as a synonym of purity, and
honest dealing.

Spring, Ills.

COWVEXTIOIV DIRECTORY.

1890. Time mid place < if mectinrj.

July IV.— Carolina, at Charlotte, N. c.

N. p. Lyles, sec. Derita N. C.

Sept. 10.— Ionia County, at Ionia. Mich.

U. Smitti. Sec , Ionia, Mich..

Oct.- MiBBOuri State, at Mexico, Mo.

J. W. Rouse. Sec, Santa Fe, Mo.

In order to have this table complete.

Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — The Editor.

International Bee-Association.

President-
Secretaby-

Hon
-C. P

R. L. Taylor. .Lapi'CT. Mich,
Dadaut Hamilton, Ills-

National Bee-Keepers' Union.

President— James Heddon ..Dowagiac, Mich.
Sec' Y. AND Manager — T. G. Newmau, Chicago.

L.ate but I..ar{>;e SMarnis.

Bees commenced swarming on May 1.
Swarmiug-time is a month late. I hived
15 swarms so far. I never saw such large
swarms — oh, tbey are fine. They are work-
ing with a rush. There is so much white
clover. Ct. B. Caktmell.

Jackson, Tenn., May 19, 1890.

NECTAR.

Its Origin, and Value as Food
for ITIankind.

Written Jor the American Bee Journal
BY J. M. HAMBAUGH.

As water is man's pure Heavenly
beverage, so extracted honey is Nature's
most delightful and health-giving
sweet. How inspiring is Nature's pro-
cess, by which is prepared this Heaven-
born food ! As the grand old luminary
of day mounts the eastern horizon, the
dew of the balmy night, as it were,
to cleanse all impurities from Nature's
flora, reflects like myriads of diamonds ' and as interestin

noolittle on Queen-Rearing.

Queens can be reared in the upper stories
of hives used for extracted honey, where a
queen-excluding honey-board is used, which
are as good, if not superior, to Queens
reared by any other process ; and that, too,
while the old Queen is doing duty below,
just the same as though Queens were not
being reared above. This is a fact, though
it is not generally known.

If you desire to know how this can be
done — how to have Queens fertilized in up-
per stories, while the old Queen is laying
below — how you may safely introduce any
Queen, at any time of the year when bees
cay fly — all about the different races of
bees — aU about shipping Queens, queen-
cages, candy for queen-cages, etc. — all
about forming nuclei, multiplying or unit-
ing bees, or weak colonies, etc. ; or, in fact
everything about the queen-business which
you may want to know, send for " Doolit-
tle's Scientific Queen-Rearing;" a book of
170 pages, which is nicely bound in cloth,
as a story. Price, $1.00.

First S»varni— Cool Weather.

On Sunday, May 18, I had my first
swarm in spite of cool weather and frosty
nights. Bees are in good condition. I have
160 colonies to start with.

J. V. Caldwell.

Cambridge, lUs., May 19, 1890.

Bee-Keepins in ^llssissippi.

Bees are in fine condition now. The win-
ter was so mild that none were lost in this
part of the country, l)ut all colonies are
strong and healthy, and also ready for our
best honey-flow, which is from whitewood
or poplar; but it has been raining so much
that the bees have stored but very little
honey so far. We have no clover, buck-
wheat, nor any kind of artificial pasturage
in this vicinity, and consequently not a
very large honey crop — only about 25 or
30 pounds per colony of comb honey,
which sells for about 12 or 15 cents per
pound ; but I am going to keep bees as long
as they do that well, for there is some
profit in them, and I love to work with
them so weU that I cannot think of giving
them up. W. R. Tate.

Goodman, Miss., May 20, 1890.

Uee-Keepine in .Minnesota.

Bees have not wintered or "spriuged"
well in this locality. I think that about 75
per cent, of the bees have died within a
radius of 4 miles of this place. One man
had 24 colonies, and lost them all: another
lost 23 out of 24; another, 15 out of 16;
another, 7 out of 10, and some with a few
colonies lost all they had. Albert Moses,
who put into winter quarters 100 colonies,
lost about 20 per ceut. I lost 2 out of
11 colonies. My bees had the diarrhea
badly, and sjiring dwindling has been bad
also. We have a very cold, dry spring, so

XMIR MBfiKKICKH mMM JO>Wmf€RI^.

371

that bees have done but very little. Today
it snowed hard for about 2 hours, with the
mercury at 34 degrees. I have a theoi*y
for the heavy loss in bees, but of course I
do not know that I am correct. Last sea-
son was very dry, so that after basswood,
bees did not store any houey worth speak-
ing of, consequently the queens must have
ceased laying early, and a great many of
the bees died of old age, and I think that
the honey was poisonous to them. Our
prospect for white clover is very poor, and
we do not look for much basswood, as the
past two seasons have been good ; however,
the bee-business is a hopeful one, and we
will continue to trust, and hope for the
best. J. S. MolNTiRE.

Maple Plain, Minn., May 7, 1890.

Sowin;; Japanese Uiickfvheat.

On page 332, Geo. Prey asks a question
about Japanese buckwheat. I would say
that in this locality I aim to sow buckwheat
about June 15. Last season I sowed 3
bushels of Japanese buckwheat on 5 acres,
on June 17, from which I threshed 150
bushels of clean seed. I had 11 pounds of
seed extra, which I sowed later at intervals,
on the roadside, some of which was sown
on July 17, and nearly all ripened. From
the 11 pounds sowed, I got 10 bushels.

E. C. Eaglesfield.

Berlin, Wis., May 16, 1890.

Prospects Oood tor a <'rop.

Our colonies are all strong, but it is so
wet that they cannot gather much honey,
or anything else. I have 26 colonies ; had
a swarm yesterday, and if we get some
warm, fine weather, I will have several
more swarms soon. I only lost one colony
out of 27, having wintered them in chaff
hives. The prospects are good for a honey
crop this year. J. A. Barnes.

Pardee, Pa., May 19, 1890.

L,ate Swarming Expected.

My bees have wintered well— I lost but 2
small colonies out of 46. They began to
build up quite early, but of late we have
had so much rain and cold weather that
they are nearly idle. Apple trees are not
yet in bloom here, and swarming will be
very late, I think. John K. Rich.

Cato, N. Y., May 20, 1890.

fVet and Cold Weatlicr.

My bees have just commenced to work
on apple bloom. I had to feed them
from April 26 until May 15. Early breed-
ing run them out of stores. They did not
get to work more than one day on fruit-
bloom, on account of wet and cold weather.
It is still raining here. The meadows and
pastures are getting white with clover. If
the weather would be favorable, I think
that the bees would soon store lots of
honey. They will be very late swarming
this season. Joseph A. Weeks.

Young's Creek, Ind., May 19, 1890.

Discouraging Prospects.

My bees wintered splendidly, but as the
spring has been so cold and dry, so that
they could not gather much honey, they
have to be fed, at least some of them, and
now, as the white clover is coming into
bloom, I hope that they will gather a little
honey ; but it looks very discouraging, as
last night we had a hard frost, and it is so
very dry. John Haskins.

Empire Prairie, Mo., May 16, 1890.

fVhite Clover Just llloomin;;.

Bees are doing better here than ever
before at this time of the year. The hives
are full of apple and wild-plum honey.
Young bees and drones are flying thick,
and white clover is just coming into bloom.
G. W. Wilcox.

Hopkins, Mo., May 14, 1890.

The Season''s First Swarm.

I had my first swarm for this season on
Friday, May 9. The swarm issued during
my absence, and either absconded or re-
turned. However, I had a swarm.

Will M. Baknum.

Angelica, N. Y., May 12, 1890.

Puttin;; on tlie Supers.

I stored 35 colonies of bees in the cellar
last fall, and they came out in fine condi-
tion this spring, except one colony, in
which the queen had died. The spring has
been rather cold, and very dry, and the
bees have done well, the hives being well
filled with brood, and drones are flying, so
I will look for swarms soon. When is the
proper time to put on the supers ?

Samuel Law.

Winterset, Iowa, May 13, 1890.

[Put on the supers as soon as the bees are
numerous enough to gather the harvest,
and the honey-flow has commenced. — Ed.]

Cool Weather— Results in I8S9.

I commenced with 15 colonies, spring
count, in 1889, increased my apiary, by
natural swarming, to 50 colonies, and had
2,000 pounds of honey in one-pound sec-
tions. I wintered the bees on the summer
stands, and now have 48 colonies, 2 having
died. Both of the colonies were lost last
fall, when I found them to be queenless.
My bees are doing well. I think that I will
have swarms by the 20th, if it does not
keep too cool. The weather is very cool at
present, for this time of year. It snowed
some to day. C. W. B.4Ker.

Martinsville, Mo., May 6, '1890.

Raininjs; IVearly Halt' tlte Xime.

I put 83 colonies into the cellar last fall,
and took them all out this spring in very
good condition. They are doing very good
work at present, considering the chance
they have to move, as it rains nearly half
the time here, or has done so for the last 2
or 3 weeks. The prospect is very fine for a
large crop of small fruit, and that means
honey also, as well as berries.

Wm. A. Hodge.

Victory, Wis., May 23, 1890.

Bees Oying: *'ery Fast.

In March, two colonies of my bees com-
menced dying. The oldest bees died first.
It commenced in a colony reared from a
queen that I received from an Ohio queen-
breeder last July. The bees turn a dark,
shiny color, and before they di&, the bees
haul them out of the hive. They are very
much swollen, and are filled with a clear,
watery substance, like very thin honey.
The drones go the same way, and, I think,
one queen. After the bees are pulled out,
they keep still, except occasionally they
jerk their wings as if alarmed ; 2 colonies
are nearly all gone. I have examined the
brood carefully in all stages, and find noth-
ing wrong with it ; 2 of the colonies (there
are 4 dying) are rearing brood about as
fast as they are dying. All were strong

colonies. After a night when the tempera.-
ture is as low as 50 degrees, they die faster;
some days, as much as half a pint die. Ail
the colonies gather honey as fast as the
number not afl'ected would do in a healthy
colony. No young bees die. The afl'ected
colonies are in different parts of the apiary
of 42 colonies. Some days, scarcely any
die, and then for several days they die very
fast. Except the 4 sick ones, my bees are
doing well. I think that tbere was not a
day last winter tbat they did not gather
honey and pollen. Now, what is the matter
with my bees 1 and what is the remedy*
A neighbor has one colony affected in the
same way.

P. S.— May 13—1 have looked over ray 4
colonies of sick bees ; 2 of them, I think,
have lost a quart of bees each, in the last
24 hours ; the other 2 have only about a^
quart each left. I see no cause why they
should die.

P. W. McFatridge.

Ontario, Calif., May 12, 1890.

Wintered YVell— but Starring'.

Bees wintered well, but consumed a good
deal of honey. There were a very few
weeks but they were out for a flight during
the winter, as it was a very mild one here.
Our first honey for the bees was from the
yellow willow ; it started them to breeding
nicely, and I thought that they would be
in good condition to gather the main crop,
which is from white clover. The weather
was cold and wet for about two weeks, and
the bees obtained nothing from fruit-bloom^
they had consumed all their willow honey,
and were in a starving condition before I
discovered their real state. They were
killing the drones and uncapping the brood.
I began to feed them immediatel}'. I find,
by inquiry, that there are a great many
bees starving in this neighborhood. I had
45 colonies, fall count, but doubled-up to-
35 this spring. I am also working 25 col-
onies for my neighbor for part of the honey .-
J. G. Creighton.

Preston, O., May 18, 1890.

Xlie Results of Liast Season.

Bees have wintered well in this locality.
It has been a very open winter, and there
has not been snow enough to make good
sleighing. The past winter bees could fly
most of the time when it did not rain and
the sun shone. I started on May 1, 1889,
with 24 colonies; I sold over 1.500 pounds-
of honey, and increased to 52 colonies.
About one third of the honey was clover
and linden, and the balance buckwheat and
corn. Clover honey is sold for 15 cents per
pound; buckwheat for 10 and 12 cents per
pound. I lost only 2 colonies, one of which
was queenless, and the other was robbed.
It has been very wet this spring. It is
raining now, and there is scarcely any
grain sown here yet. Bees are carrying in
pollen when it does not rain, and drones-
are running about the entrances of the
hives. There is a good prospect for white
clover, if frost does not injure it later on.
I learn more out of the Bee Joikxal each
week, by reading the experiences of others,
than I could in . one year by doing without
it. E. A. Henderson.

Greenfield, Pa. May 13, 1890.

Uood Prospects tor While Clo-ver-

We are having cold weather and frosts at
night. Bees are in fine condition. I had
my first swarm to-day ; who, in Iowa, can
beat this ! The prospects for white clover
are very good this year.

N. Staixinger.

Tipton, Iowa, May 17, 1890.

372

Tmm fEMEKicMH mmm jQummmi^.

■- — - — ■^^^»*^«^*«>*^^^*»«^^«■■^^A^J

'-'■^'-^Mmttm^A

'Ciood Results in Uee-Keepins.

I commeuced last spring with 20 colonies
in Langstroth hives. I sold, and used in
my own family, §350 worth o£ honey, and
this spring I sold 33 colonies of bees for
$110, the hives to be returned to me this
summer after the bees are transferred into
diSerent hives. The hives will be worth
to me at least $30, making in all 490 ; and
I have 5 colonies left to start with again.
I took off, last year, 2,700 pounds of
honey, and sold it all in Morris at from
12,i.< to 15 cents per pound, besides a good
■deal that X did not count, where the sections
■were only partly full. The cold rains last
:September shortened my crop a good deal.
My success with bees is wholly due to the
instructions that I have gained by reading
the Amekicax Bee Jourxal. It will pay
■every man to take it, who has one colony
■of bees. H. C. Gifford.

Morris, Ills., May 13, 1890.

•Bees ■will Starve unless Fed.

My bees are cutting down young drones
.almost matured, by the hundred, and drag-
ging them from the brood-chamber. On
■examination, I find the hives full of brood
and young bees, but no honey. Owing to
the mild winter, bees in eastern Ohio com-
menced rearing brood in January, and
•since that time they have consumed a vast
amount of stores. No%v they are destitute.
On May 1, my bees had honey in abun-
■dance, but since that time we have had
rain almost every day, and the weather
bas been cool and damp, and bees can
gather nothing from flowers, from the fact
that there is nothing to gather. It is my
-candid opinion, if bees are not kindly cared
for until white clover comes in bloom, that
one-half the colonies in Eastern Ohio will
■die of starvation. Jacob Oswalt.

Maximo, O., May 21, 1890.

■43old and n'et in Oanada.

The bees came out in good condition this
spring, but the weather has been very cold,
and the last two weeks or more have been
■wet, so that the bees have been confined to
their hives nearly all the time.

Joiix Dewar.

Tiverton, Ont., May 22, 1890.

■*Ve Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
■or books, at the prices quoted in the I>ASX
■column. The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
-with each order for another paper or book ;
Price of both. Club.

The American Bee Journal $1 00

and Gleaninj^s in Bee-Culture 2 00 — 17.5

Bee-Keepers' Guide 150. .. 140

Bee-Keepers' Review 150 — 140

TheA])iculturist 173.... 165

Bee-Keepers' Advance 150 140

Canadian Bee Journal 2 00 ... 180

The 7 above-named papers 5 25 5 00

and Langstroth Revised iDadant) .3 00 2 75

Cook's Manual(1887 edition) 2 25.... 2 00
Quinby's New Bee-Keeping. 2 50 — 2 25
Doolittle on Queen-Rearing. 2 00 — 175
Bees and Honey (Newman).. 2 00 — 175
Binder for Am. Bee Journal. 100 — 150
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth). .■?00.... 2 00
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25.... 2 10

Farmer's Account Book 4 00 — 2 20

■Western World Guide 150.... 1 .'SO

Heddon's book, "Success.".. 150 140

A Year Among the Bees .... 1 ^50 . . . . 1 .'}.5

■Convention Hand-Book 150. .. 130

Weekly Inter-Ocean 2 00.... 175

"Toronto Globe (weekly) 2 00.... 170

History of National Society. 150 — 125
American Poultry Journal.. 2 25 — 150
The Lever (Temperance) 2 00 175

iijmiw

ALFRCI) II. WEWSIAI^,

BUSINESS MANAGER.

:zzzzzzzzxzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzszzx3

usiucss Notices.

^^° Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should notify us at once.

1^" Money in Potatoes, by Mr. Joseph
Greiner. Price, 25 cents, postpaid. For sale
at this office.

11^" Send us one 3iEW subscriber, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

It^~ Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

1^" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.

i;^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

1^^ Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Joukxal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

It^^ Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jour-
nal at $1.85 for the two; or with both our
Ho.iiE JoURXAL and Bee Journal for $2.50
for all three papers.

IJ^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write Americmi Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

B^" Systematic work in the Apiary wiU
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

'• 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 25

•• 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

|g'~'When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book,
by maU, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

It^ We offer the Monthly Philadelphia
Farm Journal, and either the American
Bee Journal or Illustrated Home Jour-
nal for one year, for the small sum of $1.20.
Or, we will (jlve it free for one year to any
one who will send us one new subscriber for
either of our Journals with $1.00 (the sub-
scription price) .

CATARRH.

CATARRHAL DEAFNESS-HAY FEVER.

A Ne^w Home Treatment.

Sufferers are not generally aware that
these diseases are contagious, or that they
are due to the presence of living parasites
in the lining membrane of the nose and
eustachian tubes. Slicroscopic research,
however, has proved this to be a fact, and
the result of this discovery is that a simple
remedy has been formulated whereby
catarrh, catarrhal deafness and hay fever
are permanently cured in from one to three
simple applications made at home by the
patient once in two weeks.

N. B. — This treatment is not a snuff or an
ointment; both have been discarded by
reputable physicians as injurious. A
pamphlet explaining this new treatment is
sent free on receipt of stamp to pay pos-
tage, by A. H. Dixon & Son, 337 and 339
West King Street, Toronto, Canada. —
Christian Advocate.

Sufferers from Catarrhal troubles should
carefully read the above.
50E26t Imly.

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grinds on the up-motion of the Wind-Mill.
The Grinder consists of a double-metal case
and 3 burrs, two remaining stationary and
one revolving in the center, producing a
double-grinding surface, two-fold greater
than any other known to the world, and
will grind more than the ordinary farmer
needs. It can be changed from grinding
coarse to fine by simply turning one nut.
Price, $30. We will present one of these
Feed Grinders to any one who will send us
75 subscribers, at $1.00 each.

Cliapnian Honey-Plant Seed.—

This plant has been commended by some of
the most experienced bee-keepers in
America, as being "a most valuable acqui-
sition to the list of bee-forage plants." The
seed may be scattered in waste places, or
it may be sown in drills or hills like onion
seed. We can furnish the seed, postpaid,
at the following prices : Single ounce, 40
cents; •! ounces, $1.00; 10 ounces, .$2.00;
or one pound for $3.00.

If any one wants a club of two or
more weekly or monthly jjeriodicals, be-
sides one or both of our Journals— send us
a Postal Card, and we will then quote the
lowest possible price, by return mail. The
number is too great to enumerate.

T'H® MMERicar* mmm jo^'PRiHai,.

373

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

NEW YORK, May 6.— Comb Honey is well
cleaned up, with the exceptidii of California
2 lbs., wliich sell at lOQillc per lb. Extracted
is dull at 7o for California, wliite clover aiKl
basswood; Southern, 70®7.")C per gallon. IJees-
wax, scarce at :27(U.28c.

HILDKETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,

28-;30 West Broadway.

CHICAGO, May 2.— Receipts of honey are
light, and demand fair for cuoico white clover
at 1.3J>!l4c. Other grades are dull and neg-
lected. Extracted, 6'.5@7)4c. Beeswax, bright,
23@26c.: darls, 23@24c.

S. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, May 20.-The demand for
comb honey continues good. Wo quote: White
1-lbs., 14c; dark 1-lbs., 10@12c. Extracted,
white, .')@7c; amber, 3@6c. Market is in good
shape for new crop, which we look for next
month.

CLEMONS, CLOON & CO.,

Cor. 4tli and Walnut Sts.

CHICAGO, May 1.— Coml) honey sells soon
after arrival, if white and otiierwise desirable,
at 12, V.i and 14c; dark comb is slow at 8@10c.
Weather is cool and seemin(;l.\' favorable to its
sale. Extracted, 6®8c, accoiding to quality;
some with no distinct flavor has sold at .ic.
Beeswax— Yellow, about 27c; fanev, 28c; sup-
ply light. H. A. BURNETT, 161S. 'Water St.

MILWAUKEE, May 1.— Demand for honey
is rather light. Supply is ample, of both comb
and extracted. We quote: Best white 1-lbs.,
13®14c; medium 1-lbs., 11(5 12e: common old
1-lbs., 9(Sa0c. E.xtraeted, white, in barrels
and half-barrels, 7®8c; dark, in barrels and
half-barrels, 6@6'^c. Beeswax, 25(ai26c; sup-
ply light. A. V. BISHOP. 142 W. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, May2.— The honey market is
cleaned up. We quote: 1-lbs. white, 12@13c. ;
2-lb8. white, lOtSill. Dark 1-lhs.. 8(5).10c.: dark
2-lbs., 8@,9c. Extracted, white, 6(56^0.: dark,
5c. Demand good. Waiting for the new crop.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS, 514 Walnut St.

DENVER, May 5.— One-pound sections. 14®
16c; extracted, 7@.9c. Demand good and sup-
ply likely to be exhausted before the new
crop comes in. Beeswax, 22@25c.

J. M. CLARK COM. CO., 1317 Blake St.

DETROIT, May 2.— Comb honey is selling
slowly at 10@13c. Extracted, 7@8c. Beeswax,
scarce at 26@27c.

M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch, Mich.

CINCINNATI, May 1.— Demand is slow for
comb honey at 10@14e. No choice white on
the market. Extracted is in good demand at
5@8c. Stock is low.

Beeswax is in good demand at 22@26c. for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH & SON.
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

COMBINED

AMIL, VISE AND DRILL

The Handiest Tool in Use about a
FABM, SHOP, OrrlCE OB HOUSE.

Price, Complete, $4.00.

The Drill Attachment can be put on or taken
off instantlj'. Farmeis especially will find it
of great convenience to be able to drill a hole
through a piece of Iron without making a trip
to town. The Anvil and Vise combine strength
and durability, the whole making one of the
most complete and useful tools. Width of
Jaw, 19i inches.

THOMAS G. KEWSIAir & SOIT,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

ENtablioIied 1S78.

^" We always extend the term of re-
newal subscriptions from the date of
expiration on our books. Present sub-
scribers whose time may expire one, two,
three or six months hence, can safely
renew now, without fear of loss thereby.

^ducrtisewcitts.

SMITH & SMITH,

Wholesale and Retail Man-
ufacturers of

Bee-Keepers' Supplies,

KENTON, OHIO.

Price liiBt Free. 9Dly

SECTION PRESS.

'■"'tKltDJULyK

WE are now prepared to furnish Wakeman
& Crocker's PRESS for puttlug to-
gether One-Piece Sections— at wholesale
and retail. Price, $2.00, by express. By the
dozen— rate given upon application.

THOS. G. NEHnflAN & SON,

246 East Madison St.. - CHICAGO, ILL.

READY TO SHIP ' 1^''"^° Q"eens-Tested.
IlL/AVI IV iSnir : $2.00; untested, $1.00
—3 for $2.75. Ready April 1st. Nuclei cheap.
Send for Price-List. COLWICK & COLWICK
Norse, Bosque Co., Texas. 21Atf

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Italian Queens !

Choice Tested now ready- SI.OO each.
31A2t C. A. BUNCH, Nye, Ind.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

CARNIOLANS A SPECIALTY !

BEE-KEEPERS, before placing your ordera for
Carniolan Bees or Queens, get our prices. Our
STOCK ARE EXCELLED BY NONE, Descriptive Cir-
cular and Price-List for 1890 now ready. Send for it.
Address, P. A. LOCKHART & CO.,

(Formerly of Andrews & Lockhart),
9Dtf Pattens' Mills, Wash. Co., N. r.7

Mevtion the American Bee Journal.

Job Lot of Sections

WE have a Job Lot of wide-top. one-piece
Sections, l?i thiols and i% wide by 6J4
high. We will sell them, in lots of 300. for
$1.50, delivered at the Express or Freight
OfBces here.

THOMAS a. NEWai&N & SOIT,

246 East Madison Street. - CHICAGO, ILL.

Eaton's Improved

SKCTIO.^- -CASE.

BEES & yUBENS. Send

for free calalofiue. Address

Franli A. Eaton,
IDtf muffton, Ohio

POULTRYforMARKET

AND

\ POULTRYforPROFIT

^s^

By "FANNY FIELD."
The most profitable Poultry Raiser in Americfz
Written expressly for those who
ARE Interested in Poultry and wish,
to make it Profitable.
CONTENTS:
Clears $4.49 on each fowl.
Cost op keeping adult fowls pr year.
Cost of raising Chicks to six months-

of age. Spring management.
12,480 eggs from too hens a year.
How to Feed for Eggs in winter.
Hatching houses. Cleanliness.
No Sickness among the fowls.
A word to Farmers, Farmers' Wives^
~ Sons, Daughters, and others in-
terested in Poultry -'.^i
A 60 acre Poultry .7j?^ J.
Farm that yields^r^"^
a clear profit of
$1,500 a year. [bator.

Si Chicks out of 100 eggs with Incu-
Raising Broilers. Food for Chicks,
Turkey Raising. Keeping Eggs.
The cause c f Death of Y'oung Turkeys
Keeping Poultry on a Village lot.
A Mechanic's Wife clears $300 annually-

on Broilers. Feed in Winter.
Artificial Raising of Chicks.
Incubators. Brooders.
Capons. Caponizing.
Tells Everything about |
the Poultry business.
Price ii5 Cents, post paid.

Or given for One New Yearly Subscription

besides your own for this Journal.

THOS. «. NEWMAN * SON,

246 East Madison Street. - CHIUAQO, ILLS..

ITALIAN QUEENS

From June 10,.
to Oct. 1.

Why You Should Purchase of Wood !

HE has had many years' experience His
Queen-Cells are built in full colonies.
He uses no Lamp-Nursery. He is located
where there are no black bees, and where foul
brood never existed. Fully 95 per cent, of his
Queens prove purely-mated. He fills orders
promptly. His old customers nearly all pur-
chase of him. He warrants every Queen equal
to those of any first-class breeder in America
in every respect. Price, 75 cents each ; one
dozen, $8,00. Address.

22Etf J. F. WOOD, North Prescott, Mass.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

A NEW DISCOVERY I

THE Common-Sense Honey-Extractor
IS strictly scientific, powerful, durable,
handy, clean and rapid, and differs from all
others, and is cheaper than the cheapest at
slaughter prices. Circulars Free.

KEV. A. R. SEAMAN,

NEW CUMBERLAND, Hancock Co. W VA
22E3t ■ '.a...

Mention the American Bee Journal.

NEVLONE-POUND HONEY PAIL

THIS new alze of our Tapering'.
Honey Pails Is of uniform de sign
with the other sizes, having the top
edKe turned over, and has a bail or
handle.— making It very conven ient
to carry. It Is well-made and, w hen
filled with honey,makesa novel an*
attractive small package, that can
"*"'^™™'=' ... ..''^ ^?'^ ^°' -" "^h's or less. M anv
cohBumers will buy It in order to give the chlldre n ».
handsome toy pall. Price, 75 cents per doze n..
or 95.00 per 100.

THOMAS G. NEWMAN ^k SON,

246 East Madison Street. - CHICAGO, ILLS>

374

Twm mwrnrnmiGMM mmm j&^mmmi^.

-^Eightli^Edition^JustWIished^

^e>v and Revised Edition

—OF—

BEES ^d HONEY,

OR THE

Management of the Apiary

• FDR PLEASURE AND PRDFIT

THOMAS G-. NEWMAN,

Editor of the American Bee Journal.

This edition has been largely re-writton,
thoroughlj- revised, and is " fully up with the
times" in allthoimprovementsandinventions
in this rapidly-develoj>inji- jiursuit.and presents
the apiarist witli everything- that can aid in
the successful manafre'mcnt of an apiary, and
at the same time produce the most honey in
an attractive condition. It contains 250
pages and 245 illustrations — is beautifully
printed in the highest style of the art, and
bound in cloth, gold lettered. Price, 31.00—
postpaid.

Liberal Discount to dealers, by the dozen
or hundred.

THOMAS G. NEWaiAN & SOK,
246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

This new edition of our Bees axb
Honey will be given as a Premium for only
tliree ne>v subscribers, with $3.00;
or clubbed with the Bee JonKNALforSl.75.

WIlVTIi'n) TO EXCHANGE FOUNUATION
IliUlilil'; forCauli. Foundation first qual-
ity. Satisfaction guaranteed. For Brood. 40c;
for Sections, 50c per lb. Samples furnished.
21A2t -niliUER G. FISH, Ithaca, N. Y.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

LBS. OF BEES

~# I I I I SU ITALIAN QUEEIVS at

# I I I I *1.00 each ; Bees, 90 cts. per lb.
fa V W S- C. FERRY,

Portland, Ionia Co., Mich.
20Atf
Metitioii the American Bee Journal.

SOMETHING NEW,

Our 189() le-page Circular of Bee-Keepers" Supplies.
Send name on a Postal Card. Address,
6Etf JNO. NEBEL & SON. High Hill, Mo.

Mention the American Bee J<ntrnal.

Knickerbocker Bee-Farm

SEND KOR

CIRCULAR AND CALENDAR

FOR 1890,

To GEO. H. KNICKERBOCKER,

Box 41. PINE PLAINS, Duchess Co., N. T.
20E3t
Mention the American Bee Journal.

Ik TIi/ii.aI One Untested Italian Queen, 7.5c.,
All, lllcie; :i for $2.00; Tested, $1.50. One
Untested Carniolan Queen, $1.00, 3 for $2.50;
Tested, $2.00. Bees by the pound and Nucleus.
Send for Priee-List. Heference— First National
Bank. H. G. FHAME, North Manchester, Ind.
22Etf
Mentimi the American Bee Journal.

Cai'DiolaD Bees!

Fleasautest Bees in tlie World.
Hardiest to W^iiiter.

Best Honey-Gatlierers.

In order to introduce not only the bees but
our paper,

"THE ADVANCE,"

We offer to iiny one who will send us $1.25, a
copy of our paper and a nice Carniolau Queen.
The Queen alone is worth $2.00. Address,

^^THE ADVANCE," iTIeclianicFalls, Me.

16Etf
Mention the American Bee Jounuil.

BEESWAX WANTED.

Bees-wax.— We will pay 95 cents per

pound, in Cash, for Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
^rcd here

J^" To avoid mistakes, the name of the
shipper should always be on each package.

THOS. G. 1VE\»T«AN & SON,
246 Bait MadHon Street, CHICAGO, 1 LLiP .

Wholesale

and
Retail.

DEF-SUPPLIES.

I# b b We furnish Everything- needed
in the Apiary, of practical con-
struction, and at the longest price. Satisfac-
tion guaranteed. Send for our 40-page illus-
trated Catalog-ue— free to all. Address,

E. Kretclinier, Red Oak, Iowa.

oA9t— 14E9t

When Answering this advertisement, Mention this JOURNAt..

4-Piece Dovetailed Sections!

IN order to close out our present stock of
4-Piece Dovetailed Sections, 5(4x6^4
— a trifle less than 2 inches -wide— we oti'er
them in lots of 500 for $2, or 1,000 for *3.50
—either Narrow or Wide Tops. No tractions o(
.">00 will be sold at the above prices. Our stoclj
is limited, and orders will be filled in rotation
as long- as the Sections last. Order early.

THOS. G. NEWMAN &. SON,
246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

BEE-KEEFFRS' SUPPLIES!

WE are prejiared to furnish bee-keepers
with Supplies promptly, and at gi'eatl.v
reduced rates. Estimates gladly furnished,
and correspondence solicited. Our goods are
unexcelled in quality and workmanship.

Italian Queens and Bees at a very low
price. Send for large illustrated Price-List,
free. Alley's Queen and Drone-Trap and
SwARM-Hi\'ER always on hand.

A. F. STAUFFEH A: CO.,

40Etf STERLING, Whiteside Co., ILL.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

CARNTDT AN queens jt bees
riiVll lUJ-.ri.i'C bred the coming sea-
son from Imported Mothers, will bo ready
to send out the 1st or June. Send for
FREE Circular, to JOHN ANDEEWS, Pattens
Mills, Wash. Co., N. Y. lOEtf

Mention the American Bee Journal.

THE NEW HEDDON HIVE.

WE have a few of these Hives, complete,
for sale at $3.90 each— (0 clDse them out.
We cannot All any orders for them in the flat,
nor these nailed ones, after our present stock
is exhausted. The few we have are nailed and
painted. Order promptly. Address,

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street. - CHICAGO, ILLS.

SEflTIftlVS *?-00 X.^" l-OOO- Foundation,
£/\Jl IVIIO Alsike Clover Seed and Japanese
Buckwheat, cheap as the cheapest. Spec-
ial prices to dealers. Send for our free
PRICE LIST. M. H. HUNT,
IDtf BELL BRANCH, MICH.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

From $2.50 to $3..50 per 1,000, and other

APIARIAN SDTPLIES Cheap.

Wovelty Co., - JRock Falls, Ills.

13D6t

Mention the American Bee Journal,

^QUARE ^ONEY QaNS

The above illustration shows the 60 pound
Square Honey Cans which are becoming
quite popular for shipping extracted honey.
They are enclosed in
a solid case of wood,
and the boxes contain
either one or two Cans
as may be preferred.

We can furnish them
at the following prices,
with a 13-0 -inch Screw
Cap in the corner of
each Can.

For the convenience
of digging out candied
honey, we can furnish
these Cans with an
additional four- inch Screw Cap for 5 cents
extra on each Can.

1 Single Can .... (boxed) ? .45

5.00

40.00

.75

8.40
65.00

THOMAS G. JTEWMAN & S017,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

12 " Cans .
100 " "...

1 box of two Cans.
12 boxes "

100 " "

1890 ITALIAN (jUEENS 1800

SIX young Queens, warranted purely-mated
for $3.00. English Kabbits, $1.00 per pair.
Mammoth Bronze Turkey Eggs, 25c.; 9 for
$2.00. Write for Circular.
14Etf J. T. WILSON, Little Hickman, Ky.

WHEN Answering this advertisement, mention this journal.

FREE HOMES ^

At the rate tliey have been go-

the l*ublic Domains will

^ allbe pone in 5 years. Now is

the time to .iKun OS Hicb Luid u th. Saa elunes on .t ^1.25 per acre.
Wh.t better ooiild t» left for Chil.iren? Where Iheae IJ^aJa ire; how to get
them, M well M fonnfonn.tion of .11 St*tes *nd Territoriea. eenJ 10««nt8
ftnd reOfliTe the t«au(ihil Eeerteinee. . I'icruresque Pwioretn. of the Coited

SUM. Addme THE WESTERN W4IKLI», Chlcaso.UL

Tlin Ufiohf/iui^ 5-banded. Golden ITALIAN
l\K DllgllltjM Bees and Queens, and the
REDDEST DRONES. Very gentle; very pro-
lltic; good honey-gatherers— working on red
clover— and the SlOST RA-mtifnl BEES in ex-
istence! Took First DCdllUllll Premium
at Michigan State Fair in 1889. Sample of
Bees, 5 cts. Untested Queens, before June 15,
$1.25; after June 15, $1.00. Tested (at least 3
bands),$2; Selected, tested (4 bands) $3; Breed-
ing Queens (4 to 5 bands), $5.00. -Virgin
Queens, 50 cts. : 5 for $2.00. Safe arrival and
satisfaction guaranteed.

JACOB T. TIMPE,
18E8t Grand l<eds;e, Mich.

Mention thi American Bee Journal.

The old prices on Bee-Hives, and new
(j1 ones found. Send for Circular— free.
14Etf Ii. J. TRIPP, Kalamazoo, Mich.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

PATENTS

THOS. P. SIMPSON. Washington
D. C. No atty's tee until Patent ob
talned. Write lor Inventor's Qulde

Tmm mimmmicKM wmw jQURnmi^.

379

i^^^^mi^^A

*-*-*-^*'^*-^*-'

i*^*»f *•«

' •^'■^ » — A -

THOS. G.NEWMAN fcSON, ,

CHICAGO, tL.L,. •

XllO.tlAS «. WE^VillAN,

EDITOR.

Vol. mi. JiineU890. No. 23,

Make home a hive where all beautiful

feelings
Shall cluster like bees and their sweet honey

bring,
Make it a temple of holy revealings
And love its bright angel with shadowy

wiag.

Xhe Honey Almanac is just the
thing to use to sell your new honey, as
•soon as it is takeu from the hives. Just
order some printed, stating your crop of
new honey is ready for delivery. It will
go like hot cakes !

Poisoning Itees. — R. J. Campbell, of
Danville, Ind., writes thus :

Please answer this through the Bee
Jduunal. If one puts out poison c.rpn'siily
to kill bees, is he not laying himself liable !
A man in this neighborhood says he has
killed two bushels of bees this spring, and
that he intended to kill aU that will come
to his bate.

Certainly ; such a vile miscreant could
be sent to the penitentiary for such crimi-
nal acts. Suppose the bees, thus decoyed,
should reach their hives and deposit some
of the poison, thus "knowingly, wilfully
and maliciously " fed to them " with mur-
derous intent." It might very easily get
mixed up with the honey in the surplus
receptacles, and be carried off to market
or be eaten by the family of the owner of
the bees, and cause sickness or death, or
both, to the iuuoceut consumers of the
article. In such a case, how quickly would
the instigator of this plot be arrested and
held liable to the law for his smart lawless-
ness ! Should there be deaths in the com-
munity from eating this poisoned honey,
he may find his neck in the halter with no
means of escape !

Such vindictive schemers are unworthy
the name of men — for there are none of the
characteristics of majihood about them.
They are vile miscreants and detestible
villains ! Their nefarious schemes of
destruction show a state of degradation too
low for contemplation ! They should be
turned over to the custody of the law for
safe keeping, and to protect the innocent
from their criminality and venom.

An Accident. — Minnie Wagner, of
Maiden Rock, Wis., wishes to give this
notice, on account of a serious accident to
her father :

My father met with an accident,breaking
his leg in three places, and is not able to
"write to those with whom he made arrange-
Tnents for bees and queens. Please inform,
through the columns of the Bee Journal,
all those with whom such arrangements
were made, to countermand the orders.

Wise Apiarists, like the wise virgins
of Holy Writ, did not wait until the last
minute for getting in their supplies. Those
who ordered hives, sections, etc., early, and
had them on hand ready for use a month
or more ago, are now happy— while those
who waited until the rush came before
ordering are now bemoaning their misfor-
tune. All the supply dealers are now
behind, and cannot fill orders promptly.
The Lewis "fire " has made matters worse,
and sections are very difficult to obtain
anywhere. All must exercise patience and
charity, and if possible, learn the lesson by
experience, to order such goods another
jear, long before they are needed.

Uead. — The Australasian Bee Journal
is discontinued. Subscribers are to be
supplied with the New Zealand Farmer,
which will devote 3 pages to bees hereafter
to supply our New Zealand friends with
bee-news. Messrs. Isaac Hopkins & Co.,
late publishers of the Australasian Bee
Journal, make the following announce-
ment in the Farmer for April, just come to
hand :

We regret being compelled, through the
continued poor health of the editor, to
announce the discontinuance of the Aus-
tralasian Bee Journal in its original form.
The readers of that journal will remember
that Mr. Hopkins' health broke down some
15 months ago, the fact being mentioned
at the time, and although it has improved
considerably since, the head trouble still
remaining, makes it absolutely necessary
that he should give up all literary work
possible for some time to come ; in fact,
this should have been done long ago, but
being anxious that the journal should be
kept going, and hopeful of regaining his
health and strength, he held out as long as
possible.

Hee-Keeping' for Profit, is the

title of a new pamphlet of 50 pages by Dr.
Gr. L. Tinker. This hand-book details his
new system of management of bees in
I)roducing comb and extracted honey, and
the construction of the hive best adapted
to it, viz : his Nonpariel. In his preface.
Dr. Tinker says :

We take no credit for much that we have
presented, for the modern system of bee-
keeping is largely the outgrowth of the
labor of many minds. Still we have pre-
sented a few things that are new, and it the
industry of bee-keeping shall be in any way
promoted by what we have written, we
shall feel amply repaid for our labor.

The book is nicely printed, and will be
read with interest by apiarists generally.

The subjects treated are as follows :
Spring Management ; Protection ; Utilizing
the Sunshine ; The Need of Plenty of
Stores ; Stimulative Feeding ; The Brood-
Chamber ; Transferring; Building up Weak
Colonies ; Preparing for the Harvest ;
Fastening Foundation in Sections ; When
to Put on Sections ; General Considerations
on Swarming ; Early Swarming ; Swarm-
ing at the Opening of the Harvest ; The
New System of Management ; Hiving ;
Prevention of Increase ; Waiting Seven
Days to Re-Unite ; Storifying the Supers ;
Late Swarming ; Care of Queen-Cells ;
Prevention of Swarming ; The Swarming
Impulse ; Dividing Bees ; How to Get
Increase and Get a Crop of Honey ; Pro-
ducing Extracted Honey ; Drones Above
Queen-Excluders ; Superseding Queens ;
Taking off the Surplus ; Care of Comb
Honey ; Doubling Up Colonies ; Introduc-
ing Queens ; The Extra Stories of Combs ;
Care of Empty Combs ; Preparations for
Winter, etc.

It can be obtained at this office for 2 5
cents, postpaid.

Postage on merchandise is too high.
The rate in the United States is much
higher than in any country in Europe, and
Congress should reduce the rate to conform
to the needs of those dependent on the
mails for carrying such articles. We will
formulate a plan and present it in our next
issue.

Xhe Bee-Keepers' Union being
appealed to for counsel and defense in a
threatened lawsuit in Homowack, N. Y.,
the General Manager gave the particu-
lars of the case due consideration, and
advised the apiarist how to proceed. The
result is an amicable settlement of the
matter, without process of law, and with-
out expense. It is the silent counsellor of
those in trouble— the pi'otector for the
injured — and the defender of the rights of
apiarists when violently assailed ! It fights
only when it is absolutely necessary. The
Union deserves, and should have, the most
substantial support of every apiarist.

WaMgiity " Liizzie," down in Maine,
is still sending out her baits to catch
" suckers." Mr. Oliver R. Hawkins, of
Bellport, L. I., has sent us one which was
sent to him. He was of course too well
posted to bite at the hook. He has been
reading the Bee Journal too long to be
caught in that way. She must look in
pastures green for " dupes " — not among
those who are posted !

380

THE; SMEMICMK ®E® J@iPRNffilL.

-— ■'^■•■^■^■^^^■'

Xlie Census I'ear began June 1,
1889, and ends May 31, 1890. Each State
has from one to eleven Supervisors' Dis-
tricts. There are 175 supervisors in all.
There are 42,000 enumerators, who in all
parts of the country will begin their work
Monday moi-ning, June 2, 1890. Every
farm will be visited before June 30, and
the following questions will be asked, keep-
ing in mind that the figures you are to
give nearly all pertain to the crops of 1889,
and not to the growing crops of 1890 :

1. Your name as occupant of the farm.

2. Are you owner, renter for money, or
for share of the crops of the farm i

3. Are you white or black i

4. Number of acres of laud, improved
and unimproved.

5. Acres irrigated.

6. Number of artesian wells flowing.

7. Value of farm, buildings, implements,
machinery and live stock.

8. Fences — Cost of building and repair-
ing.

9. Cost of fertilizers.

10. Labor — Amounts paid for labor,
including board ; weeks of hired labor,
white or black.

11. Products— Estimated value of all
farm productions sold, consumed, or on
hand for 1889.

12. Forestry — Amount of wood cut, and
value of all forest products sold.

13. Grasslands— Acres of each kind of
grassland cut for hay or pastured ; tons of
hay and straw sold ; clover and grass seeds
produced and sold ; silos and their capacity.

14. Sugar — Cane, sorghum, maple, and
beet ; sugar and molasses ; acres, product
and value of each.

15. Castor Beans— Acres.

16. Cereals— Barley, buckwheat, Indian
corn, oats, rye, wheat ; acres, crop, amount
of each sold and consumed, and value.

17. Rice — Acres, crop, and value.

18. Tobacco — Acres, crop, amount sold,
and value.

19. Peas and Beans— Bushels, and value
of crop sold.

20. Peanuts— Acres, bushels, and value.

21. Hops — Acres, pounds, and value.

22. Fibers— Cotton, flax, and hemp;
acres, crop, and value.

23. Broom-Corn — Acres, pounds and
value.

24. Livestock — Horses, mules and asses;
number on hand June 1, 1890; number
foaled in 1889; number sold in 1889; num-
ber died in 1889.

25. Sheep— Number on hand June 1,
1890, of "fine wool," "long wool," and
"all other ;" number of lambs dropped in
1889; " spring lambs " sold in 1889; sold
in 1889otherthan "spring lambs;" slaugh-
tered for use on farm in 1889; killed by
dogs in 1889; died from other causes in
1889.

26. Wool— Shorn spring of 1890 and fall
of 1889.

27. Goats— Number of Angora and com-
mon.

28. Dogs— On farm June 1, 1890.

29. Neat Cattle— Working oxen, milch
cows, and other cattle on hand June 1,
1890; number of pure bred, grade and
common; calves dropped in 1889; cattle
sold in 1889, slaughtered for use on the
farm, and died in 1889.

30. Daii-y — Milk— total gallons produced
on farm; sold for use in famOies; sent to
creamery or factory ; used on farm, includ-
ing for butter or cheese ; used on farm in

raising cream for sale, including for cream-
ery or factoi-y. Butter — pounds made on
farm and sold in 1889. Cream — quarts
sent to creamery or factory; sold other
than to creamery or factory. Cheese —
pounds made on farm and sold in 1889.

31. Swine— Number on hand June 1,
1890; sold in 1889: consumed on farm and
died in 1889.

32. Poultry— Number each of chickens,
turkeys, geese, and ducks on hand June 1,
1889; value of all poultry products sold;
eggs produced, sold, and value in 1889.

33. Bees. — Number of colonies, pounds
of honey and wax produced, and value.

34. Onions— Field crop— number of acres,
bushels produced and sold, and value.

35. Potatoes— Sweet and Irish, bushels
produced and sold.

36. Market Gardens and Small Fruits-
Number of acres in vegetables, blackber-
ries, cranberries, raspberries, strawberries,
and other small fruits, and total value of
products in 1889.

37. Vegetables and Fruits for Canning —
Number of acres, and products in bushels,
of peas and beans, green corn, tomatoes,
other vegetables and fruits.

38. Orchards— Apples, apricots, cherries,
peaches, pears, plums, and prunes, and
other orchard fruits; in each the number of
acres, crop in 1889, number of bearing
trees, number of young trees not bearing,
and value of all orchard products sold.

39. Vineyards — Number of acres in vines
bearing, and in young vines not bearing;
products of grapes and raisins, and value in
1889.

Besides these questions on the regular
Agricultural Schedule No. 2, Superintend-
ent Robert P. Potter has ordered several
special investigations in the interests of
agriculture, among which are Viticulture,
Nurseries, Florists, Seed and Truck Farms,
Semi-Tropic Fruits, Oranges, etc.. Live
Stock on the gi-eat ranges, and in cities
and villages ; also the names and number
of all the various farmers' organizations,
such as Agricultural and Horticultural
Societies,Poultry and Bee|Associations
Farmers' Clubs, the Granges, Alliances,
Wheels, Unions, Leagues, etc.

In no part of the census work have the
lines been extended more than in the
direction of agriculture, and if farmers
will now cheerfully co-operate with the
enumerators and other oflBcials in promptly
furnishing the correct figures more compre-
hensive returns regarding our great indus-
try will be obtained than ever before.

As a part of the Census, special provision
has been made by Congress for ascertain-
ing the names of surviving soldiers, sailors,
and marines who were mustered into the
service of the United States during the war
of the rebellion, and of the widows of sol-
diers, sailors, and marines who have died.
In connection with this special census of
veterans,the organization or vessel in which
they served, the term of service in each
case, and present residence will be taken
by the census enumerators. In the case of
widows, information regarding the service
of their deceased husbands is also required.

The importance of accurate statements
concerning the military record of each
participant in the late war should not be
underestimated. It should be the duty.

moreover, of every veteran soldier or sailor
to see that the enumerator is placed in
possession of the necessary information
concerning his own service. If he cannot
be at home when the enumerator calls he-
should leave a proper memorandum in the
hands of his wife or other member of his
household, so that the work of the census
may not be delaj-ed, and also that there
may be no doubt as to the accuracy of the
statements concerning his service which
may be given to the census enumerator.

%

Do Foxes and Skunks molest
Bees at Night t

Written for the American Bee Journal

Query 710.— Do foxes or skunks ever
molest bees when clustered out at night in;
the summer season ;— Pennsylvania.

I think not.— M. Mahin.

I do not know.— J. M. Hameauoh.

Not in my experience.— Eugexe Secor.

Some claim that they do.— G. L. Tinker.

I always take mine in at night. — R. L.
Taylor.

No ! We would like to see them try it. —
Dadant & Son.

I never observed. I hardly think that
they would.— J. P. H. Brown.

I have had no experience in that line.— H.
D. Cutting.

I have never watched to see, and I do not
know of any one who has.— A. B. Mason.

I have never known them to do so.
Skunks are common here ; foxes are very
scarce. — A. J. Cook.

Well, now ! I have had no experience
on that line.— C. H. Dibbern.

I never knew such to take place here. I
do not believe that it is worth noticing
anywhere. — James Heddon.

Skunks do, surely. I do not know about
foxes, as there are none in my locality.—
J. E. Pond.

They never molest mine, but, then, there
are no foxes here, very few skunks, and my
bees seldom cluster out.— C. C. Miller.

I think that possibly skunks might ; but
a trap or two set near their haunts will
" settle their hash."— Will M. Barnum.

Skunks eat bees, often to that extent that
nearly spoils the colony. As the colony
gets weaker, they scratch on the front of
the hive, and when the bees come out to
drive oflf the intruder, catch them. As to
foxes, I could not say.-G. M. Doolittle.

Never, to my knowledge. Several years
ago quite a number of skunks lived and
reared young near my apiary, until an old
colored man trapped them. They certainly
never harmed my bees. There is a pro-
digious sight more harm from two-legged
skunks " to my apiary. The jemedy is a
double-barreled shot-gun, and I shaU be
tempted to useit.-G. W. Demaree.

Skunks will eat bees; they often watch
for them to come out of the hive and prey
upon them. Why leave the bees "clustered
out at night ?" It is doubtful if foxes ever
catch bees.— The Editor.

Cliibs of 5 for $400 to any addresses.
Ten for ST. 50, if all are sent at one time.

XH® MMEKicM'iNf MBM jeumnmi^.

381

A ifloi-niiisi: Tii^ion.

BY MRS. LIZZIE A. VOIIE.

When the shadows still were lins^oriug-,

Ere the Sun had kissed away.
AVith his warm and nn-llow kisses,

All the night-mists lioin I he day ;
Ere the sky with msy blushes,

Turned rr.ioiein;^- Inwards thesuM,
In the sdlt li-ilit, in the halflig-ht,

Of a day bur just liejjuu.
lu the pcaeetut, restful quiet

Of ail early summer morn.
Did my eyelids slowly open,

Ere anothei' Day was born.

And I hiy and watched the now birth ;

Watched the pearly tints of dawn,
Slip away into the shadows

Where the grim nig-ht-sbados had gone.
Heard the drowsy, sleepy twit tering'

Of the robins in their nest.
Heard the green leaves stirrinf; softly

With the faint breeze from the west;
Saw the eastern sky grow rosy,

As the Sun arose and smiled,
Pouring all its radiant splendor

On the untried, new-born child.

Then I saw a wondrous vision.

Saw the young' Day, fair and bright.
Standing on time's well-worn threshold.

In her spotless robes of white ;
With her pure eyes softly smiling

On the sleeping sons of earth,
Innocent and free from evil

On the morning of of ber birth.
Then 1 turned and wept in sorrow ;

For I knew the coming night
Would find an old Day— ndyiug.

Heart-sick, weary of the sight
Of earth's evil ; of its vileness.

Of its misery, and its woe.
Knew the old Day would die sobbing,

Asking nothing but to go.
Pasadena, Calif.

SWARMS.

Does Hivins on the Old Stand
Induce Absconding {

Written for the AmerUian Bee Journal

BY GEO. F. KOBBINS.

The replies to Query 706, on page
309, are almost unanimous to the
effect that hiving swarms on the old
stand does not cause them to abscond.
I was impressed by this unanimity,
because after foraging around about
five years for a reason for the conduct
■of my bees, I had settled down to the
■opposite conclusion ; or at least that
hiving on a new stand prevents it. The
■consequence of my conclusion is that
the editor calls me superstitious. I
will do nothing worse than to say,
-"You're another," and tell my story.

For several years ray bees have
tormented me by absconding, or
swarming in from one to 21 days from
the time of hiving. In 1886 I had
nearly two dozen to abscond on the
same or the next day, and nearly that
many swarmed again, leaving brood
and queen-cells within the three weeks.
I sometimes looked into a hive a few
days after putting a swarm into it, to
find a lot of drone-comb. I hive on
frames with starters and queen-cells

started — with the brood-chamber half
full of comb. For two years before,
and for twcj years afterward, I was
tormented in the same way. So far as
I can remember now, all these swarms
were hived on the old stands. I at-
tributed the trouble to first one thing,
then another, and tried to i-emedy the
matter, until a swarm or two would
come out and upset my theory.

Last spring the same old round be-
gan again, and in desperation I de-
cided to hive on new stands. From
that time on I had no trouble. Those
are the facts in the case. Do they not
form good grounds for my conclusion?

Hiving In contracted brood-cham-
bers may have something to do with it,
but I do not see why it should — at
least until .the brood-chamber is full,
when I give them plenty of surplus
room from the start. I think that my
proximity to a creek bottom, with its
great number of large, hollow trees,
may cause them to abscond, and by
getting the swarm away where the
scouts cannot find it, I save it. It
would seem that a new location would
prevent the old queen from leading
out another swarm in two or three
weeks, if the contracted brood-cham-
ber affects the matter. I think that
swarms prefer a new home, even
though in the same apiary.

My object in hiving on the old
stand was. of course, to prevent after-
swarms. In lieu of that, I hit upon
the plan of hiving the swarm upon the
stand of a colony that had quite re-
cently cast a swarm. It worked with
perfect success. I obtained all the
benefits of the old system, and had no
fighting, either. In a few cases I re-
moved a weak colony, and put a new
swarm in its place. Only once did I
have any fighting, and that was quite
early in the season. During the latter
half of the season, 1 never hived a
swarm except on an already occupied
stand.

Mechanicsburg, Ills.

NEW YORK.

Report of the Cortland L'nion
Bee-Keepers' Convention.

Written Jor the American Bee Journal

BY M. H. FAIRBANKS.

The Cortland Union Bee-Keepers'
As.sociation met at Cortland, N. Y., on
May 13, 1890, at 10 a.m., with Presi-
dent J. H. Kennedy in the chair.

The minutes of the last meeting
were read and approved, and the time
was then occupied by further business,
and receiving questions for the after-
noon session, which was called to
order at 1 o'clock. Opportunity being
offered for new members to join, the

meeting was tlien opened for general
discussion.

The first question was, " What is the
best plan to prevent increase ?"

J. H. Manchester practiced putting
two prime swarms together. He also
hail practiced making colonies queen-
less in the heat of the honey season,
then in the fall killed the bees.

Miles Morton did not not consider it
a sin to kill bees.

W. L. Coggshall takes brood from
the strongest colonies and gives it to
nuclei.

" What is the best method of win-
tering bees ?"

Mr. Morton uses chaff hives packed
with planer shavings, with a chaff
cushion over the bees, and the en-
trances to the hives open the full
width — |xl4 inches.

" Is it advisable to let strong colo-
nies swarm in apple-bloom, or use the
brood to build up weaker colonies ?"

Mr. Morton said that he would
equalize his colonies, and that June 15
is early enough for bees to swarm.

President Kennedy said that bees
that swarm too early are apt to swarm
again in the best of the honey season.

" What is the best method of hand-
ling increase ?"

W. L. Coggshall would sell the in-
crease of colonies.

"Is it advisable to unite weak colo-
nies in the spring ?"

Mr. Lansing said that he had saved
colonies by .so doing.

President Kennedy had practiced it
to some extent, but did not have good
results.

" What is the best method of getting
the bees out of the supers ?"

Mr. Lansing takes them oft" one at a
time, and shakes the bees out.

Mr. Morton drives the bees down
with smoke, then takes the supers off,
or as soon as possible, and then car-
ries them to the honey-house, and the
bees go out through a bee-escape.

" Is it advisable to divide colonies
for increase ?"

W. L. Coggshall said not if worked
for comb honey.

J. H. Manchester would divide, if
increase of bees only was wanted.

" Is it practical to use sections hold-
ing less than one pound ?"

Mr. Bosworth said that he did not
think it was, as it is just as much work
to handle a small section as a larger
one, and dealers did not want to pay
any more for the small one.

Mr. Morton said that it would take
one-third more foundation.

"Is it advisable to keep bees in dur-
ing cold days ?"

Mr. Coggshall had practiced stop-
ping up the hive-entrance just at night,
with a handful of sawdust, and, in the
morning, if the weather was favorable.

382

T'Ml^ fEME-RICMH WMM J&UmnmJU,

the bees ooulil uiiikft an eiitrunee
through it.

" Which is tlie most profitable race
of bees P"

Mr. Maiuhester said that he wonUl
rather haiiille the Italians, as they
were more <niiet, and not so liable to
sting as the blacks.

Mr. Coggshall thinks that the Ital-
ians niiglit l)e better in a poor season ;
he had, with an assistant, clii)pcd the
wings of 82 queens in si.x hours, and
they were black bees, at that.

" What is best to do with ([ueenless
colonies in the spring ?"

Mr. ("oggshall gives each a frame of
brood, and lets them rear a que(!n.

Mr. Morton tliinks that it would be
best to keej) them along by giving a
frame of brood once in awhile, and
give them a queen-cell from a first
swarm.

" How shall I keep the grass down
in front of the hives P"

Mr. Coggshall used sawdust with
good results ; others had used salt.

The convention then adjourned till
sometime in August, when tlie Asso-
ciation will hold its annual basket
picnic at the Fhu-al Trout Park, in
Cortland, N. Y.

M. H. Fairbanks, Sec.

BRACE-COMBS.

Biirr-Conil>!< aiul Il<»\v lo Pre-
vriil Tlieiii.

Read at the Oxford, Ont, Convention

BY S. T. PETTIT.

In all improperly constructed occu-
pied hives, may be found, in addition
to the orthodox brood and drone
combs, two other kinds, viz: brace-
combs and burr-combs.

Now, to get rid of, or, more i)rop-
erly, to prevent the building of the
troublesome brace and burr combs, it
would be well to inquire into the cause
of their construction, or into the con-
ditions most favorable to their con-
struction, or, in otlier words, why tliey
are built.

The brace-comb (if it may be called
aconil)) is intended for a very ditlcr(Mit
purpose from that of the burr-comb ;
the former is constructed in position
for just wlial its name implies, abrdcc,
and tlic latter, ultimately, for store
combs.

If during a honej'-flow some sealed
honey be i)laced a little closer togetlicr
than the bees placed it, they become
alarmed, and to prevent more crowd-
ing, and to keep things in position,
they go to work and build brncc-combs
in the (now) too small bee-spaces.

Upon examination, brace-combs will
be found to be studs of hard wax with.

in some cases, a touch of propolis pos-
sessing no small degree of resisting
power. Brace-combs will usually,
also, be built in all undersized bee-
spaces, so the cause of their presence
in almost all cases is quite apparent.

With regard to burr-combs, if we
investigate the matter, we will dis-
cover the reason why the wayward
little workers do so persistently ])ersist
in building them. We all know, I
))resume, that bees are severe econo-
mists, and most exacting in that line —
they economize heat, time, and every-
thing pertaining to their welfare —
every available ])article of sweets, and
everything that can be utilized by
them, is eagerly gathered and stored ;
but in notliing are they more econo-
mical than in tlie space enclosed with-
in the walls of their domicile ; it is
their inherent nature to occupy and
utilize every space larger than a bee-
space within their homes — especially
so is this the case at, or near, tlie top
of the brood-chamber ; and now, just
at this point, I would ask, is not the
cause of the ))resence of burr-combs
apparent ? And does not the remedy
suggest itself ?

My experience, extending over ipiite
a number of years, says that the cure
is at onr finger ends ; is easily under-
stood, is unpatented, and may be had
for the taking — simply ailjust all the
interior parts of the hive so that a
proper bee-space is maintained through-
out, and the goal is reached — the joy
is yours ; for under these conditions
there is neither room for burr-combs,
nor supposeil necessity for brace-
combs, and but- very few of either
kind will be built.

Frames are spaced by ditt'erent
parties all the way from 1] inches to
\l inches fro.m center to center ; so it
will easily be seen that in order to
form proper bee-spaces, top-bars must
be of ditl'erent widths, according to
the spacing practiced.

Top-bars J "f an inch square, and
spaced Ijj inches from center to center,
will form spaces J-incli by |-inch, and
he who expects that bees will not
economize such roomy spaces at the
top of the brood-chamber, has failed
to note one viu-y important diaracter-
istic in bee-nature, and will simply be
disappointed ; like noxious weeds, his
crop of burr-combs will grow, until
these spaces are nearly full, and super
ventilation well-nigh choked oft".

But what about deep top-bars ?
Will one inch or so of depth prevent
burr-combs between the top-bar and
the super i' Well, now, I am aware
that this point should ' be apjiroached
cliai'ily ; so many experienced bee-
keepers regard depth of the top-bar as
having great virtue in that line, but
witli all due respect for the opinions

of others, I will frankly state that after
G or 8 years of experience with thicli
and thin top-bars, I am pretty well
convinced that the virtue is not in tlie
depth of the top-bar, but in correct
spacing. Although my real frame has-
a top-bar about J inch thick, my ideal
frame has one only J of an inch in
depth, and of the necessary width tO'
form a correct bee-space.

Most bee-keepers, I believe, regard
five-sixteenths of an inch as the bee-
space ; well, I will not quarrel with
that, for it is worthy of notice that the
bees themselves, as yet, are not fully
agreed as to what a jiroper bee-space
should be ; but I would add that it
must not be even a shade more than
five-sixteenths of an inch — anywhere
between nine thirty-seconds and five-
sixteenths will do ; but between the
top-bars and the supers nine thirty-
seconds of an inch has mj' decided
preference. The top half of the end-
bars should be of the same width as
the top-bars, and the lower half
tapered down to the width of the bot-
tom-bar. The end-bars of all my
frames are all so matle now.

In all fairness, it should be admitted
that some colonies seem to have a
peculiar fondness for burr-combs, and,
under almost any conditions, some
embryons will appear in the hives of
such bees.

Belmont, Ont.

TEXAS.

Report of tlic State Bee>Kcc|>>
crs' ConvfiiUon.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY J. N. HUNTER.

The Texas State Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation held its 12th annual meeting iu
Greenville, Texas, on May 7 and 8,
1890, about 40 bee-keepers attending.

The convention was called to order
by President W. R. Graham, and
prayer was ofl'ered by Dr. W. K.
Marshall, of Marshall, Tex. The read-
ing of the minutes of the last annual
meeting was dispensed with.

It was found, upon inquiiy, that
those present, had about 800 colonies-
of bees. Then questions were asked
to ascertain as nearly as possible the
average amount of honey obtained per
colony the last season, and it was
found to be 30 pounds — a very poor
showing for hi'ie. It was reported
that all the bees owned by the mem-
bers liatl wintered well ; but unfavor-
able reports were made as to the
spring condition of bees, starvation
seeming generally to prevail amongst
them ; at present, however, signs of
prosperity were being shown.

TH® JEMSKICKN MMW, JQ^TRNTKI,.

383

^^■^■^^■^*-^*^A^*^*^*^<

^^^^^'^^^'-^^^^-^A^A^A^arf

Various intorestiug apioultviral sub-
jects wero pvolitably ilisciissetl. among
them being tlio following : Feeding
Bees ; Swai'niing ; Honey — Comb anil
Extraeteil ; Marketing — Style and
Manner of Putting Up Honey ; Bee-
Hives ; Extractors and Smokers ;
Locality for Bee-Keeping, etc.

The election of officers for the en-
suing year resulted as follows : W. R.
Graham, President ; H. B. Furbee,
Vice-President ; G. A. Wilson, Treas-
urer ; and J. N. Hunter, Secretary.

It was decided that the time and
place of holding the next meeting
should be left to the Executive Com-
mittee ; also, that we as bee-keepers
would make an exhibit of bees, honey,
and bee-tixtures at our next annual
meeting.

The convention was very much
saddened on account of Judge W. H.
Andrews being kept away from the
meeting by reason of severe illness,
being one of the oldest members, and
his first absence since the association
was organized. Suitable resolutions
of condolence and sympathy were in-
troduced by Dr. W. K. Marshall, and
adopted, and a copy of them ordered
to be sent to Judge Andrews. [They
were published last week on page 347
of the American Bee Journal. — Ed.]

D. W. Yeager, also a member of the
Association, died on April 24, 1890,
and similar resolutions were ottered.

The convention then adjourned until
the next regular meeting.

J. N. Hunter, Sec.

CHAFF HIVES.

Heavy Rainfall — Prefers Largrc
Hives.

Written for the Amcricmi Bee Journal

BY S. J. YOUNGMAN.

Chaft' hives and out-door wintering
have scored another point, as the
first swarm in this vicinity came from
a ehafl' hive to-day — May 24— in my
apiary. Drones tirst made their ap-
pearance on May 10, and the bees
bred up very rapidly on forest bloom.
The plum and cherry are now at their
best ; tlie apple is just opening, and
will be very abundant, and with the
bees as strong as in basswood time,
they will undoubtedlj' gather some
sui'plus from that source.

Some of the colonies have starved
to death, and nearly all lack in stores,
as we have had so much cloudy and
rainy weather. I will give a few
figures concerning the amount of rain-
fall the last four days :

Wednesday, May 21, one inch ;
Thursday, May 22, one inch ; Satur-
day afteinoon and evening, 11 inches

— total, 8i inches of i-ain on the level.
How is that for a rain ? It almost
equals the daj' of Noah ! I think if
that swarm had not been hived, and
had been out in all that rain, the bees
would have been sadlj' demoralized.

ADVANTAGE OF LAKGE HIVES.

Now as to large hives : My hives
are mostly the t^uinby style, and the
most are two-story, and have 14
frames, a few, however, have but 8
frames. Now, the 14 frames are cov-
ered with bees, and have, of course, a
large amount of brood ; the 8 frames
are only filled with bees, and probably
contain only about one-half the bees
and brood that the large ones have. The
bee-keeper can draw his own conclu-
sions— two bees are better than one, at
this time of the year !

Lakeview, Mich., May 24. 1890.

QUEEN-REARING.

Several Ways of Rearing and
Introducing Queens.

Written for the American BeeJounuil

BY C. A. BUNCH.

One of the most common ways of
rearing queens is to give a comb of
eggs and just hatched larvie to a
queenless eolonj- ; this will produce
some good queens, but a part of them
will be inferior in size andproliflcness,
as the bees will commence- the con-
struction of too many cells ; also the
just-hatched workers must have their
share of food, which should go to per-
fect the growth and laying-qualities of
queens.

Of all the artificial methods of
queen-rearing that I have tried, I like
the Alley plan the best ; that is, to
have the cells built in a row, about
15 cells to a full colony. Cells built
in this way are uniform in size, and
probably as good as the best.

Natural-swarming cells are as good
as any ; they can be had by giving
combs of brood to the colonies that we
want to breed from, to cause the bees
to swarm ; the queens and half of the
swarm to be hived on combs of brood,
to cause them to swarm again if we
want more cells ; and the other half of
the swarm to be returned to the old
colony, to help finish the cells. This
last plan I have practiced quite a good
deal, and I find that one breeding
queeu will furnish a great many cells
in a season, as a general thing.

INTRODUCING QUEENS.

If I had a valuable queen that I
wanted to introduce to a colonj' of
bees, 1 would open the hive that had
the queen to be superseded, and re-

move the (iHe(!n, close up the hive, and
let the bees get q\iiet and flying ; say
half an hour after the queen was re-
moved, pick up the hive and carry it a
rod or more away to a new stand.
This will draw the old workers away
from the hive, which can unite with a
hive near by, or go to a hive and comb
of brood on the old stand. The queen
can now bo introduced with a Peet
cage, or some cage that has the en-
trance closed with the " Good " candy.

Another way to introduce queens
that is the least trouble, if we should
happen to go away from home for that_
purpose, is this : Open the hive, re^
move the queen to be superseded, pu
back the frames, blow smoke between
the frames, so as to drive the bees
down to the bottom of the hive ; now
place the cage between two of the
central brood-combs near the top of
the hive, the entrance to the cage to
be stopped with bee-candy. Now blow
smoke on the queen and cage, and
close the hive, which should not be
disturbed for 3 or 4 daj's, and if no
honey is coming in, the hive should
not be opened for a week. If the bees
keep on building cells after the queen
is introduced, it is a pretty good sign
that the queen is being neglected ; if
such is the case, the combs of brood
should be exchanged for combs with
no unsea^pd larva3, which will bring
the workers " to time."

Nye, Ind.

BEE-CULTURE.

X- Woman's Experience
Keeping of Bees.

in tlie

Written for the Ameriean Bee Journal

BY AUNT MARY.

It is seldom that people know the
good they do, and, if so, they do not
get thanked for it ; but I want to re-
turn to Mrs. L. Harrison my sincere
thanks in this public manner for what
she has done for me. About nine
years ago I often found articles in the
Prairie Farmer from her pen, in re-
gard to bees ; and they gave me the
" fever" to h.ave some. I knew noth-
ing about bees, only that the honey
was delicious, and that they woukl
sting. I did not know a drone from a
queen or worker ; and my husband said
that if I got them, I must take care of
them entirely, for he did not mean to
be stung !

I procured a colony, watched them,
and read everything pertaining to bees
that I could get hold of, saying that
" if Mrs. Harrison could handle them,
I could learn something about them."

The first year my colony died in
wintei'ing, and seven j'cars ago I ob-

384

Tum MMKRiC'Mf* mmm jo.i?mmme..

i^*»f <i»^*^*^*-~-*^*— -

tained another colony. My two sons
were at home, but if they looked to-
wards the bees, they would dodge.
One advised me to sell them, and get
some hone}' ; the other said that I had
better keep hornets, as they were good
stingers ; but I kept on " in the even
tenor," saying, '• I will show them."

I often was terriblj- stung, and
learned that hot water applied at once
was the best thing I could do for it.

After the first year I had plenty of
honey for family use, and some to
spare. The bees have paid their own
e.xpenses ever since, and much more.

For the first two years, my famil}-
called them "mother's bees," but since
then they call them " our bees," and
now, as the boys are married and
gone, and my husband has passed over
to a " better land," I am alone to care
for the bees. I employ a man to assist
in swarming-time.

I put 28 colonies into the cellar last
fall, and all came out alive this spring.
They give me a good support, and
something to do in my lonely life. My
friends call them my •' play-things." I
would rather hear the sound of their
swarming, than a piano, any time. I
always get the premium on my honey
at fairs, when I take it, and I then sell
the samples for a good price.

I make my own sections, using the
one-piece kind. I can unpack.darapen,
put together, and pack away, 60 in an
hour, and not hurry. I never hurry
with my bees.

There is plenty of pin money in bees,
for any woman if she has the nerve
and patience to attend to them.

Hastings, Minu., May 26, 1890.

RACES OF BEES.

Tlieir Historic Origin and Indi-
vidual Superiority.

Written fur thf, American Bee Journal

BY C. J. ROBINSON.

Which, if either, of the several dift'er-
ently-named domesticated bees possess
merits that render tliem superior, in-
trinsically, especially in northern cold
climates.

This long and much-mooted question
will ever continue in the order of af-
fairs, a disputed problem. Extrava-
gant claims have been, and vigorously
continue to be, heralded by bee-fanci-
ers who, like mothers, are blinded by
partial love of their baby that they
nurse and pet.

It should be borne in mind that all
hive-bees are true lineal descendants of
one original family — a restricted spe-
cies. We can only speculate as to date
and place of origin, presuming that
they may have existed in the Garden

when Adam in his glory basked in his
Eden home, and, that Noah shipped
colonies on board the ark to preserve
and perpetuate the race ; however, in
that case, the shipping of " two of a
kind" could not have been a compli-
ance with the spirit of the Lord's man-
date, for it required "three of a kind"
to multiply and save the race from be-
coming extinct. Worker-bees are in-
evitably one factor jointly with male
and female in the reproducing of the
kind. The seeming error of putting
only "two of a kind" — male and fe-
male— on board the ark, must have
l)een the fault of the recorder, Moses,
for the Author does all correct. For
ought we know, the creation of bees
occurred subsequent to the Deluge, pro-
viding there occurred no error in the
account given of the Flood.

The notion entertained by many that
bees, as well as plants, are indigenous
in dill'erent parts of the world when-
ever a peculiar tj'pe is found — a tj'pe
peculiar to some country or parts of
the world, is most fallacious — void of
reason.

It would be well to learn, if we
could, the natural traits of the antique
bee — its nativity and its attributes
while in its primitive state, to the end
that we might have a correct idea of
its sphere or circuit of action assigned
it by the Creator.

Like other creatures, bees show
more or less difl'erence as between
specimens of the natives of different
countries, but there is no radical or
constitutional difl'erence — no funda-
mental attribute of nature in one of
the different types or bi-eeds, that is not
inherent in each and all domesticated
bees. The differences observed is not
that of inborn nature — only a diverge-
ment limited within certain fixed
bounds ordained by Nature. Hence,
breeding with a purpose to produce a
new breed or strain specially superior,
cannot be successful beyond the par
excellence ot the species — the "coming
bee " is a myth.

Here arises a problem — the question
being whether or not each of the dif-
ferenth' named types of domestic bees
are alike susceptible of being bred up
to an equally high plane one with the
other.

Since the importation of the so-
called Italian and other-named yellow-
ish bees, dating back to 1859, the
native American bees have been gen-
erally accused of being very much
inferior, compared with the imported
yellow types ; jet the accusations have
not, nor cannot be, demonsti'ated. The
difference claimed in favor of the pop-
ular transatlantic types, is based more
on mere fancy than on fact. A popu-
lar error over-rides truth every time,
and prejudice is the one great error.

It was James Heddon who nobly
championed the merits of our native
bees; he wrote: "The coming bee will
have native blood in it," or language
to that import. None who are half as
competent as is Mr. Heddon, dare, or
will, attempt to gainsay his asserted
prophec}'.

Referring to the date of the earliest
existence of bees, we can only mention
that such date is anterior to prehistoric
time's ending. No indications of the
existence of bees have been found in
the rocks of the cretaceous period, nor
have the fossil remains of bees been
discovered in rock or earth deposits of
any period.

Concerning the antiquitj' of domesti-
cating bees, we are only able to trace
the use of bee-hives through historical
ages to ancient Egypt. The natives
of primitive Egj'pt knew nothing of
language, but in their crude dialect
the picture of a honej'-bee was one of
the characters called "hieroglyphics,"
and represented Lower Egypt, re-
stricted to an island in the river Nile
at its confluence with the Mediterra-
nean Sea, and called by the Greeks the
Delta. This symbolizing of the hive-
bee affords us the remotest data of its
existence, and points to the where-
abouts of their origin or first appear-
ance on this globe.

With the ancient Egyptians the pict-
ure of a queen-bee was the emblem of
royalty, and is evidence that the realm
of lower Egj'pt, the Delta, was the
sovereign mother country anterior to
all Egypt becoming one kingdom un-
der Sisostris. If the cradle of human-
ity stood on the Delta, as is claimed by
eminent historians, it is conclusive
that Egypt was the cradle of the prim-
itive Israelites, who were the nucleus
of the subsequent mighty nations of
Nineveh and Babylon, from whose
loins the world are peopled, and we
may logically reason that the original
nursery of the hive-bee was in the
Eden of the Israelites. Probably bee-
culture was coeval with the arrivals of
Abraham and Joseph, and the exodus
of the Israelites.

Whether the primitive bees were of
a yellow type is a querj'. It seems
probable that the original nucleus
multiplied and spread up along the
valley of the Nile, and also eastward
over the Isthmus of Suez into Syria.
and those were the progenitors of the
so-called Syrian bees. Thence they
were taken and spread along the east-
ern coast of the Sea, and crossed the
channel on to the Island Cyprus, and
these were the progenitors of the fa-
mous Cyprian bees. Thence the pro-
geny of the original stock spread into
Greece and into Italy. The Holy Land
bees are identical with the Syrians —
indeed, there is but a fancied differ-

"THB JEMERICSr* BE© jaURriSlr.

885

* * i».^^ *^^^ ^■^.■.^^aiiii^

'— •■''^'^'^*'^"^*-'

ence in the yollow-niarkeJ bees. The
reader luaj' query how it came about
that suih a contrast exists as is seen
in the colorings of specimens of one
and the same species ; in answer, I
call attention to tlie contrast in cattle
and sheep, as well as in almost all
creatures.

Color is secreted between the cuticle
and true skin, and the pigment thus
secreted gives color to the skin and its
appendages — hairs, feathers, etc., the
colorings being a creature of accident
— not dependent upon certain constitu-
tional elements peculiar to species,
race or breeil, but dependent upon the
secretive function of the lining of the
skin — an aberration more or less com-
mon to all creatui'es — fickle as the col-
oring of the clouds.

We know of no type, breed or strain
of bees that is at all constant in repro-
ducing, identically, progeny like the
parent specimens. This fact settles
the claim that hive-bees of ever)' name
and nature are true lineal descendants,
and should be treated as having but
one common origin.

BEE-FEEDERS.

The Cause of Loss Aiiiongr
Bees iu Winter.

tbe

Writte7ifor theAmericayi Bee Journal

BY JAMES HEDDON.

Mr. S. J. Youugman (see page 353),
like manj- other Michigan bee-keepers,
thinks that a spring bee-feeder is
needed. I, too, had to feed a good
many hundred pounds to keep my bees
breeding, and. in fact, to keep some of
them from actually starving. I have
two diftereut feeders that are just as
handy as can be. and from which bees
will eat in cold weatlier in winter.
The feeders are tilled without coming
into contact with the bees during the
operation.

I have no engravings with which to
illusti-ale, and I hardly feel as though
spa'ce ought to be occupied with a
lengthj- mechanical description, which,
in the end, would not be well under-
stood ; but I merely write the above to
inform Mr. Youngman and other bee-
keepers, that such excellent feeders are
in use all over the country.

The inspiring motive of this article
was not so much bee-feeders, as the
•question of loss in wintering. I quote
the following from Mr. Youngman's
article : " Bees, here in Michigan,
usually gather large quantities of pol-
len in autumn, and, if wintered out-
side, thej' will commence breeding in
March." Yes, they do, after such
warm winters as last winter, but if
severely cold they commence dying in

March, and they keep on dying tlirough
April, and they die from the effects of
eating the fall pollen. So the " pollen
theory" comes to the front once more,
and it turns out to be true on every
corner.

Last fall was a pollen fall ; hives
were stored witli it ; the winter was
warm, and bees tlcw frequently, where
they were wintered out-doors. They
unloaded as fast as they filled up, and
they wintered well. Bees in special
repositories usually winter better in
warm than in cold winters — that is a
rule. The reason is, that most bee-
keepers do not keep the temperature
in their repositories high enough, ex-
cept in warm winters.

Well, last winter, just as Mr. Young-
man sa}'s, cellar- wintered bees perished
in large numbers, and, during the
spring, dwindled badly. Of course
they dwindled. Spring dwindling is
nothing more nor less than the "tail
end " of winter loss. I feel sure of
that.

Had last winter been as cold as the
winter about five years ago, not one
colony in 25 wintered out-doors
(whether packed or not) would have
come through alive, in this part of the
State. Pollen was everywhere in the
hive, and the low temperature forces
the bees to exercise ; the exercise
causes waste of tissue ; waste of tissue
causes the consumption of the nitrog-
enous pollen, which was plentiful, as
said before. This pollen loads the in-
testines, and if no chance to flj' and
imload them is oftered, the disease
above-mentioned is the result.

Dowagiac, Mich.

FOUL BROOD.

A High Estimate of Prof. Cook's
Article.

Written for the American Dee Journal

BY J. E. POND.

The article on '-Foul Brood" by
Prof. Cook, on page 350, should be
read by every bee-keeper in the land.
It not onlj' gives the rationale of the
disease, but also that of treatment,
and must, I think, show those who
either have no knowledge whatever,
or an imperfect knowledge at best, the
cause (so far as at present understood)
and the means of ridding an apiary
from this great plague.

It is of little use for the ordinary
bee-keeper to bother his head with
the origin of this disease, or for any
one to publish fine-spun theories as to
its age. We all know the results that
will inevitably follow, allowing it to
run its course unmolested ; and with
that knowledge, and the means of cure

gained, notliing more is needed by the
practical man. Let those who liave
the time, pliilosophize over the matter.
It is enough for us plain bee-men to
know consequences and means of
eradication.

In my judgment the article is well
worth putting into pamphlet form, as
a means of putting it into the hands of
every bee-keeper in the country, and
also ijreserving it for future use. I
thank Prof. C'ook for the plain and
simple way in which he handles the
subject, and he deserves not only my
thanks, but the thanks of us all. I
hope that some means may be taken
to put the article into the hands of
every bee-keeper in the country.

North Attleboro, Mass.

[We quite agree with Mr. Pond as
to the excellence of the " Foul Brood "
matter referred to. It is already pub-
lished iu pamphlet form by the Michi-
gan State Agricultural College, and
we think can be obtained by any one
sending for it. It was copied from that
College "Bulletin" into the American
Bee Journal. — Ed.]

MISSOURI.

The Report of tiie State Bee-
Keepers' Convention.

Written for the American Bee Journal
BY J. w. KOUSE.

The Missouri State Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation met in Marshall, Mo., on
April 16 and 17, 1890. The conven-
tion was called to order bj' President
R. B. Leahy. The proceedings of the
previous meeting and the Secretary's
financial report were read, both of
which were approved.

The committee on adulteration of
honey, reported by reading Section
3,879, of the Revised Statutes of Mis-
souri (1889), relating to adulteration
of food and drinks. On motion, the
report was received, and the commit-
tee discharged.

A letter was then read from Mr. C.
P. Dadant, Secretary of the Interna-
tional American Bee-Association, call-
ing attention to the importance of
affiliating with the International,
which, after due consideration, was
decided to be done.

The proceedings of the convention
were then suspended to give an op-
portunity to any to become members,
and 35 new names were taken.

SHOULD any person KEEP BEES ?

An essay by Mr. James Heddon, of
Dowagiac, Mich., was read, entitled,
"Should any person, so desiring, keep

386

XH® MB€BRlC:Mf« MMM J@V:mMmi^.

»*^^^>^*a>*<

bees ?" The affirmative was taken,
that any one had the moral or legal
right, but not the moral right to move
into an already occupied range ; also
that every person should not attempt
to keep bees, on account of inability,
incompetency, or neglect. The fol-
lowing discussion then occuiTed :

J. H. Jones — I believe that a man
has to be adapted to the business, love
it, never tire to talk of it, or be afraid
of bee-stings.

The Secretai-y modified the question
thus: "Is it profitable for anybody,
or everybody, to keep bees ?"

R. G. Robertson — Any one who is
not so nervous as to fight the bees
when they come about them ; fighting
the bees will cause them to sting the
family and stock. Some men are
born bee-keepers — some are made.
Some are not born, nor ever can be
made such. A man ought to have a
fancy for it, and study it, to make it
profitable.

P. Baldwin — My experience is that
many farmers have not the time to
give the attention that bees need, and
when their bees fail, often claim rob-
bery on the part of others.

H. C. Williams — I believe that many
should be discouraged from keeping
bees, for their own good. If they use
the improved hive, and make a close
study of the business, it would be well
enough for them to keep a few
colonies.

G. P. Morton- -I am opposed to any-
one going into the business unless he
expects to make a close study of it.
Lack of study and application causes
too many failures ; also causes honey
to be brought to the market in inferior
shapes and conditions, thus depreciat-
ing the n)arket and prices.

R. B. Leahy — The question is,
" Should this convention recommend
any one to keep bees who so wishes ?"
Every one who rears bees as a business
knows that all bee-keeping as a side-
issue is a detriment to the business,
runs down the breed, keeps the prices
down, etc. The side-issue man is
never with us in improvements of an}'
kind, and what they .sell at, we have to
follow. S'de-issue men say that they
do not care if they do not produce
much honey ; such men are a detri-
ment to any business, and wouhl bet-
ter keep out of it. I think that be-
ginners. wh(j want to learn and make
it a business, should be encouraged.

PREVENTION OF HONEY ADULTERATION.

The Secretary then read an essay
by Dr. C. p. Miller, of Marengo, Ills.,
on "What measures should bee-keep-
ers take against the bogus-honey
business ?"

After quite an interesting discussion
on the subject, it was decided that a

committee of three be appointed by
the association to draft resolutions ex-
pressing the sentiment of the conven-
tion, as to the adulteration of honey ;
that a copy of the resolutions be for-
warded to other associations, and an
eflbrt be made to secure their co-opera-
tion in making it a national question.

A number of interesting questions
wei^e discussed, after which the com-
mittee on resolutions reported the fol-
lowing :

Whekeas, It is known to this Association
that extracted honey is largely adulterated
with glucose and grape sugar, and that iu
our opinion the practice is damaging to the
producers of honey in this State, and a
fraud on the general public, therefore be it

Resolved, That this Association does
emphatically deuounce the practice of
adulterating extracted honey with glucose
and grape sugar ; and

Resolved, That we urgently request the
bee-keeping associations of the different
States, and others, to co-operate with us in
pressing this subject to the consideration of
the International American Bee-Associa-
tion, that they memorialize Congress to
pass laws regarding the matter.

Resolved, That a copy of these resolu-
tions be sent to each State bee-keepers'
association, and to others.

The resolutions were adopted, and
the Secretary instructed to send reso-
lutions to the Secretary of each State
association, with request to report their
answers at our next meeting.

Mexico, Mo., was selected as the
next place of meeting, and October
was chosen as the time.

J. W. RoDSE, Sec.

OUT-APIARIES.

Locatins and ]VIanagiiij|: Tlicm
to the Bc§t Advantage.

Read at the Ohio State Convention

BY J. B. HAINS.

The subject of "Out-Apiaries" is one
of much importance to the apiarist who
finds the number of his colonies in-
creasing to the extent that the locality
is becoming overstocked, and threatens
in the near futui-e to become unremun-
erative unless they are separated, and
out-apiaries established.

There are many such apiarists who
have seen the average yield of honey
gradually diminished as each year the
number of their colonies have increased
and the rapidly disappearing forest
has decreased the bee-forage. Then
come these questions : " Shall out-
apiaries be established ?" " Where
shall they be located ?" How many
colonies maj' profitably be kept in each
locality ?" " Shall they be managed
for the production of extracted or for
comb honey ?" "Shall there be an as-
sistant placed in charge of each out-
apiary, or shall the apiarist with less

assistance assume the management
himself ?"'

Now as by request, and of necessity,,
this essay must be brief, it will be re-
stricted to the last-named method, it
being most approved by the writer,
after having tested all methods in his
12 out-apiaries during the last 10 years.
In the selection of a locality, the near
proximity of forest is of great import-
ance— of course, having reference to
the honey-producing varieties ; swampy
and untillable land in the vicinity is a
valuable feature.

The next most important question
is to secure the consent and co-opera-
tion of a land-owner in locating the
apiary, which should consist of not
more than 50 colonies, so placed as tO'
be at all times under the observation
of the family, whose interest should be
enlisted by contributions of honey for-
the table, or by a monej- consideration
for their watchfulness, and hiving an
occasional swarm which may unex-
pectedly issue. I say " occasional
swarm " for by this method, swarming-
is almost if not altogether prevented.

On the first appearance of whitfr
clover, or the bloom which furnishes
the first light-colored honey, the uppei"
story of the hives should be filled with
frames of light-colored combs, or
frames filled with wired foundation.
No further attention need be given
them until the bees in the home-apiary,,
or among the neighbors, indicate that
the swarming season is-At hand, when
frames of new comb or wired founda-
tion should be packed in hive bodies-
or in boxes, loaded on a spring wagon,
taken to the out-apiary, and exchanged
for combs containing honey which are
taken home and extracted ; and the
next day, carried to out-apiary No. 2,
exchanged in like manner, and so on
until all out-apiaries are thus treated.
No further attention is required for a-
week or 10 days, according to the flow
of honey, when another visit is neces-
sary, exchanging frames of comb for
frames of honey as before, giving in-
creased ventilation at the entrance.

When the honey season is at its best,
and bees are most likely to swarm,
give readj' access to the hive, abund-
ant ventilation, and plenty of empty-
combs for storing honej'. There is
nothing like plenty of room, plenty of
ventilation, suitable shade, and the ab-
sence of drone brood and comb, tO'
prevent swarming.

When the swarming season is prac-
tically at an end, excliange frames of
comb for frames of honey as before,^
and leave them undisturbed until the
season an-ives to contract and equalize
stores for winter.

I must not forget to mention that
at each manipulation all queen-cells
are to be removed. The .advantages to

T^mm mmimmicMn mmm j@^rkj£il.

387

be derived from this metliod are mauy.
Much valuable time is saved ; but one
set of extracting tools is needed.

No extracting being done in the
apiary, no building is needed except
an open shed with a roof to protect
from rain or sun. A lawn tent has
served my purpose well, and I have
mostly dispensed with shelter of all
kinds. No robbing is started, as is
often the case where the extractor is
used, and time taken sufficient to take
combs from the hive, extract and re-
turn them, as is usually practiced.

Bedford, Ohio.

COlVVEIVTIOiy DIRECTORY.

1890. Time and place of meeting.

July 17.— Carolina, at Cbarlotte, N. C.

N. P.i.yles, Sec, Derita N. C.

Sept. 10.— Ionia County, at Ionia, Mich.

H. Smitli. Sec. Ionia, Mich.

Oct. 29-31.— International American, at Keokuk, la.
C. P. Dad,ant, sec, Hamilton, Ills.

Oct.— Missouri State, at Mexico. Mo.

J. TV. Rouse. Sec, Santa Fe, Mo.

In order to have this table complete.
Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — The Editor.

International Bee-Association.

President— Hon. R. L. Taylor.. Lapeer, Mich.
Secret.iry— C. P. Dadant Hamilton, Ills.

ITational Bee-Keepers' Union.

President— James Heddon ..Dowagiac, Mich.
SEC'y. AND Man.iger— T. G. Newmau, Chicago.

Season 2Vot Eiicoiirasi";.-

The season here is not now encouraging.
Bees went through the winter well, but the
elements are against us just now. What
may come, remains to be seen. For myself,
I still am troubled with rheumatism, and
expect to be so troubled always, /jfe-s(i?i(;.s
as a remedy notwithstanding. Allow me
to congratulate the American Bee Journal,
which is still prospering and growing more
prosperous. As a bee-periodical it is still
ahead ; its motto might well be Dlrigo — the
Director. J. E, Pond.

North Attleboro, Mass., May 26, 1890.

Movin;; Itees on a. River.

The bees were located on the bank, and
all prepared to close the entrance at dark.
Four siuiill row-boats were all ready, the
hive-entrances closed, and all on board by
9 p.m.. and all floated out into the stream.
There were 40 strong colonies, and were
moved 15 miles I'iff the river to their new
location. All were put ashore, and on the
stands about 100 feet from the river bank;
all done and the entrances opened as the
sun's ra3's in the morning began to appear.
They were all safe without a mishap or a
broken comb, and the bees were out in
their new fields without the loss of one hour
to them, for they were returning to their
hives laden with honey and pollen before
the sun was half an hour high.

This method of moving bees, to estaVilish
out apiaries along the rivers would be, I
think, far the better method when so situ-
ated to avail of this way of moving them;
and the best fields are most usually found
along the streams. The expense is very
light ; a small, flat lighter costing but a few
dollars, will carry .50 colonies, and all their
fixtures.

There are thousands of locations in the
United States that could be used in this
way, and made useful, and cheaply avail-
able tor this out apiary work. Try it, some
of you who contemplate the production of
honey as a specialty, for you must take
your bees to the fields if you hope for suc-
cess. John Cray<'Raft.

Astor, Fla., May 34, 1890.

Honey Prospects in Knsriand.

Bees have wintered well here in England,
and are in good condition tor the coming
season. The weather could not be better.
We are looking for a good honey season,
and I hope you in America will have the
same. , W. T. Crawshaw.

Welwyn, Herts, England, May 5, 1890.

Creating^ a Oemand Ibr Honey.

The Honey Almanac is upon my desk. I
find it just the thing to create a demand for
honey. Every bee-keeper should obtain a
number of copies to distribute among cus-
tomers. It is just the right size to be car-
ried in the pocket. It contains a number
of valuable recipes, and many fine illustra-
tions. J, M. Young.

Plattsmouth, Nebr., May 27, 1890;

Cold and liVindy.

For the past three weeks it has been rain,
rain, cold and windy all the time. This,
together with honey-dew for winter stores,
has brought the bees down to remnants of
colonies all through this section. We had
a flood here yesterday.

The new edition of your book, " Bees and
Honey," came to hand last week. You
may well be proud of it. It is like all of
your work — of the highest class.

G. M. DOOLITTLE.

Borodino, N. Y., May 31, 1890.

<jrood Prospects.

Bees are working well. Prospects for a
big honey crop are now favorable. I only
lost one colony out of forty, wintering in
the cellar. We work here mostly for comb
honey — people are prejudiced against ex-
tracted honey, and would rather pay 16
cents for the comb honey than 10 cents for
the extracted. Folks generally do not
know everything about the sweets.

W. S. Narding.

Mason City, Iowa, May 26, 1890.

Puttin;; Bees in too Early.

Perhaps some will remember my letter
on page 204, in reply to remarks of Dr. C.
C. Miller, in which he said that he had
never known of anybody having put their
bees into winter quarters too early, and, if
there was such an one, he would like to
hear from him. My reply was that I be-
lieved I was that "one," as my bees were
in bad condition, and I did not, at that
time, think that halt my colonies would
live until spring. Now I write this to " take
it all back," as every colony of my 33
lived through, and are doing nicely at
present — not having dwindled any to speak
of. I do not know how to account for it.

unless the bees were breeding all winter,,
and came out strong in young bees. I ask
Dr. Miller's pardon, and will try to remem-
ber that children (in bee-keeping) may be
" seen," but should not be "heard" very
much— only to ask questions.

Bees have commenced swarming, and all
are building up very fast. White clover is
all right, and the prospect is exceedingly-
good. S. H. Herrk k.

Kockford, Uls., May 24, 1890.

Heavy Loss in ^Vinter, etc.

Bees are working lively upon fruit-blooia
this morning. There has been a great loss
of bees in this part of New York by spring
dwindling ; I think that it is sate to put the
loss at 50 per cent., and there are many
weak colonies. The weather has been cold
and very wet ; farmers are blue, as well as
bee keepers, and not much has been done-
toward getting seed into the ground.
There i^ a fine prospect for white clover,
and we hope to soon have weather that will
enable us to go forward with our work.

I am pleased with the weekly visits of the-
Bee Journal, and I am sure that its stan-
dard of excellence will progress in the
future as in the past. John H. Martin.

Hartford, N. Y., May 20, 1890.

Colonies Strong; in Bees.

We have had a great deal of rainy
weather during apple-blossom time, so that
the bees could work only a part of the time ;
but I never saw them stronger in bees at
this time of the year, though light in stores.
The prospect tor white clover is good. I
started into the winter with 38 colonies,
and lost 4 by starvation, and one by being
queenless, which leaves 33, allot which are
in good condition excepting one, that
nearly starved during a long wet spell. I
do not have time to give my bees the at-
tention that I would like,as I do all my ow-n.
work on a 55-acro farm.

C. A. Wright.

Little Prairie Ronde, Mich., May 25.

Liosses of Bees in Winteriujs:.

My bees seem to be doing well so far ;
drones have been flying strong for some
time, but the weather has been cold and
backward, and rather dry. The early fruit-
blossoms were frost-bitten, but the late
fruit seems to be all right yet. I look for
early swarms and lots of honey. All the
bee-men that I have heard from lost a few
colonies during the winter, or this spring.
One man — a good bee-man — who had one of
the largest apiaries here, lost over 100
colonies of bees last winter, by having
them buried in the ground without venti-
lation enough. I wintered my bees in the-
cellar, and some were late swarms of last
year — as late as Aug. 22 — and I did not
lose a colony. Ira N. Ltman.

St. Peter, Nebr., May 22, 1890.

Bee-Keeping; in I>ouisiana.

Our honey crop for this season (1889>
will, I do believe, fall short by more than
one-half of what it was last year, and I
think that it will reach but about one-fourth
of last year's yield. The cause of the
shortage is due to the freeze which visited
our section of country about March 2 and
3, 1890. The cold wave was so severe
that the live-oak trees which were in
bloom, also the willow, orange, plum,
blackberry, cherry, peach, etc., and clover,
which was also beginning to put upon itself
its snowy whiteness, had to succumb to the
frost and ice. Hardly had a week passed

388

TH® M»*IEmiC-fiH B®® JO'BfKKMl^.

after the freeze, when all vegetation, grass
and trees looked as though fall had passed,
and winter had set in. When trees began
to sprout again, after the freeze, hardly if
any blossoms appeared : and clover
(although it has been in full bloom since it
•was laid low by the cold) secretes but little
lioney. So far as I have been able to ascer-
tain, the crop in this State will be a very
short one. Joux Hager, Jk.

Arabi, La., May 2-t, 1890.

Severe Frost— I..ittle SMarinins;*

Bees in Alabama, this spring, had to
-contend with a severe freeze in March,
which destroyed much brood, and in con-
sequence of which they have swarmed but
little. They seem to be doing well now.
J. R. McLendox.

Naftel, Ala., May 15, 1890.

Uees in Crood Condition. ^

My bees are in the best condition that I
•ever had them at this time of the year. I
lost none in wintering, and have had 3
swarms, which is very rare for this
locality — swarming generally commencing
about June 10 to 30. Here my first swarm
issued on May 11. H. E. Hessler.

Syracuse, N. Y., May 24, 1890.

Excessive Swarniinja^.

I have only 3 colonies of beesi and only
one of them is worth anything, the other 3
are very weak, and I do not expect any
swarm from but the one colony, which will
be sometime in June. The outlook for my
apiary is slim, as the bees are in a very
poor condition. The cause of it was exces-
sive swarnaing the previous season, and too
small hives. With large hives, I hope to
soon have the apiary on its old footing
again. O. R. Hawkins.

Bellport, N. Y., May 27, 1890.

<''ool and ^Viudy Weatlier.

This is certainly a verj' peculiar season.
There is an abundance of white clover, and
it is blooming everywhere, yet we are feed-
ing our bees at this date. Owing to the
extraordinarily cool and windy weather,
fruit-bloom yielded but little honey ; and
as the same state of things (but slightly
niodified) still prevails, bees are not getting
enough honey to supply their everyday
wants ; consequently, they are not making
that advancement so necessary to secure a
full crop of honey. Our winter loss was 3
colonies out of 1-18. 'W. J. Cillixax.

Quincy, Ills., May 26. 1890.

Uee-Keepins' in Nortli Carolina.

Our bees have been in fine condition
since Jan. 1. They gathered more honey
in January and February than in March
and April. May, which is our best spring
month, came with a fine crop of bloom-
tulip, locust, gum, persimmon, and the
scattering white clover that grows in the
waste places. The cool nights, followed by
windy days, kept us out of any surplus.
June gives us a small surplus when the
weather is right, from sumac, cotton and
sourwood ; the latter is of small amount
here, but a little west of this place there is
an abundance, and it yields a honey not
surpassed by any I have ever seen ; it is
white, and well flavored. We also get a
fair surplus from a late variety of sumac
and cotton in August. The only crop that
encourages a bee-keeper here is the wild
aster, which blooms in October, and only
lets up when a hard frost comes.

Bee-culture is in its infancy in this part
of the country, but quite a little interest
seems to be manifested. Our people will
not read, which causes such slow progress
in this the most interesting — and in some
degree profitable — business one can en-
gage in. Men often take the fever, and on
the spur of the moment invest some money,
and fail to post themselves, and the result
of course is failure to start with. If we
could get our people to start right, it would
not be long until quite a sum could be
added to the commerce of our land. We
can keep bees at half the cost that the
Noi'thern beekeepers can. Our surplus is
not more than 30 or 40 pounds per colony,
but we can sell extracted honey at 10 cents
and comb honey at 12)^ and 15 cents per
pound, which will pay very well.

A. L. Beach.

Pineville, N. C, May 37, 1890.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

NEW YORK, May 6.— Comb Honey is well
cleaned up, with the exception of California
2 lbs., which sell at lOC'llc per lb. Extracted
is dull at 7c tor California, white clover aud
basswood: Southern, 70(ai75o per gallon. Bees-
wax, scarce at 27(3!28c.

HILDHETH BEOS. & SEGELKEN.

28-30 West Broadway.

CHICAGO, May 2.— Receipts of honey are
light, and demand fair for choice white clover
at V.ifo'Hc. Other grades are dull and neg-
lected. Extracted. 6 '4(gi7 '/4c. Beeswax, bright.
25(a26c.; dark, 23(3)240.

S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, May 20.— The demand for
comb h6ney continues good. We quote: White
1-lbs., 14c; dark 1-lbs.. 10@12c. Extracted,
white, .^(§)7c: amber, 5(a'(jc. Market is in good
shape for new crop, which we look for next
month.

CLEMONS, CLOON & CO.,

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

CHICAGO, May 1.— Comb honey sells soon
after arrival, if white and otherwise desirable,
at 12, 13 and 14c; dark comb is slow at 8®10c.
Weuther is cool and seemingly favorable to its
sale. Extracted, 6@8c, according to quality;
some with no distinct flavor has sold at 5c.
Beeswax— Yellow, about 27c; fancy. 28c; sup-
ply light. R. A. BURNETT. 161S. Water St.

MILWAUKEE, May 1.— Demand for honev

is rather light. Supply is ample, of both comb
and extracted. We quote: Best white 1-lbs.,
l.'?fS14c; medium 1-lbs., ll(§)12c; common old
1-lbs.. 9(5il0c. Extracted, white, in barrels
and half-barrels, 7@8c; dark, in barrels and
half-barrels. 6@6'/jC. Beeswax, 25(Si26c; sup-
ply light. A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, May2.— The honey market is
cleaned up. We quote: 1-lbs. white, 12®l.'!c.;
2-lb8. white, 10@11. Dark 1-Ibs., 8@10c.: dark
2-lbs.. 8@Sc. Extracted, white, 6@6'/2C. ; dark,
5c. Demand good. Waiting for the new crop.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS. 514 Walnut St.

DENVER. May 5.— One-pound sections, 14®
16c; extracted, 7®i9c. Demand good and sup-
ply likely to be exhausted before the new
crop comes in. Beeswax, 22@25c.

J. M. CLARK COM. CO., 1517 Blake St.

DETROIT, May 2.— Comb honey is selling
slowly at 10@13c. Extracted, 7@8c. Beeswax,
scarce at 26@27c.

M. H. HUNT, BeU Branch, Mich.

CINCINNATI, May 1.— Demand is slow for
comb honey at 10@14c. No choice white on
the market. Extracted is in good demand at
5®8c. Stock is low.

Beeswax is in good demand at 22@26c. for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH & SON.
Corner Freeman & Central Avea.

ff^~ Tue next meetins of the Carolina Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will be held in Charlotte, N. C. on
Thursday. July 17, IHinj. N. P. LYLES. Sec.

BUSINESS MANAGER.

EZZZZZZU

ixisiuess Hoticts.

Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should notify us at once.

Uy Money in Potatoes, by Mr. Joseph
Greiner. Price, 25 cents, postpaid. For sale
at this office.

1^" Send us one i^EW subscriber, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

1^" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

It^" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this oSice at 35 cents per ounce, by express.

m^" The date on the \vrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

H^" Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

1^" Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jour-
nal at $1.85 lor the two ; or with both our
Home Journal and Bee Journal for $3.50
for all three papers.

^^ As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write A^nierlcan Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

HW° Systematic work in the Apiaiy will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

•' 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 25

•' 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

l^f" When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you wOl oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book,
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

t^" We offer the Monthly Philadelphia
Farm Journal, and either the American
Bee Journal or Illustrated Home Jour-
nal lor one year, for the small sum of $1.20.
Or, we will o ii)e it free for one year to any
one who will send us one new subscriber for
either of our Journals with $1.00 (the sub-
scription price).

T'Hl^ M'SMMMI^.mm WMM J&ViMfVR.I^.

389

^^^■^■^-*-'*-*ii^-*tJ

A Sew Method of Treating Disease.

HOSPITAL REMEDIES.

What are tbey? There is a new departure
in the treatment of disease. It consists in
the collection of the specitics used by noted
specialists of Europe and America, and
bringing them within the reach of all. For
instance, the treatment pursued by special
physicians who treat indigestion, stomach
and liver troubles only, was obtained and
prepared. The treatment of other physi-
cians, celebrated for curing catarrh, was
procured, and so on till these incomparable
cures now include disease of the lungs,
kidneys, female weakness, rheumatism and
nervous debility.

This new method of "one remedy for one
disease " must appeal to the common-sense
of all sufferers, many of whom have experi-
enced the ill effects, and thoroughly realize
the absurdity of the claims of Patent
Medicines which are guaranteed to cure
every ill out of a single bottle, and the use
of which, as statistics" prove, has ruined
more stomachs than alcohol. A circular
describing these new remedies is sent free
on receipt of stamp to pay postage, by
Hospital Remedy Company, Toronto, Can-
ada, sole proprietors.

51D36t Imly.

Uoolittle on Qaeen-Rearing:.

Queens can be reared in the upper stories
of hives used for extracted honey, where a
queen-excluding honey-board is used, which
are as good, if not superior, to Queens
reared by any other process ; and that, too,
while the old Queen is doing duty below,
just the same as though Queens were not
being reared above. This is a fact, though
it is not generally known.

If you desire to know how this can be
done — how to have Queens fertilized in up-
per stories, while the old Queen is laying
below — how you may safely introduce any
Queen, at any time of the year when bees
cay fly— all about the different races of
bees — all about shipping Queens, queen-
cages, candy for queen-cages, etc. — all
about forming nuclei, multiplying or unit-
ing bees, or weak colonies, etc. ; or, in fact
everything about the queen-business which
you may want to know, send for"Doolit-
tle's Scientific Queen-Rearing;" a book of
170 pages, which is nicely bound in cloth,
and as Interesting as a story. Price, $1.00.

niiisic. — Messrs. "White & Smith Pub.
Company have been sending out some very
fine new music, among which are the fol-
lowing :

" Love's Golden Dream "Waltzes," on the-
beautiful song, by Lindsay Lennox. It i!>
very pretty. Price, 60 cents.

' 'Amour et Printemps, ' ' by Emil "Waldten
fel, is a minor, and is one of his sweetest
pieces. Price, 60 cents.

"The German Patrol," by Eilenberg,is one
of the most popular pieces of the day.
Beginning far in the distance, it grows
louder until the climax is reached, when it
gradually dies away to only a breath of
tone. Price, 50 cents.

" Glittering Dewdrops," by H. S. Bentley,
is a light, airy mazurka ; brilliant, carrying
an exquisite melody. Price, 40 cents.

" Col. Goetting's Grand March," by the
young composer, Fred E. "White, shows
talent. The modulation is somewhat rough,
but time will remedy this fault in Mr.
"White's composition.

CI lilts of 5 New Subscriptions for $4.00,
to any addresses. Ten for $7.50, if all are
sent at one time.

U/OTPn ■^" E.vpcrienced Bee-Keeper to
llJlil 1 ItV tiike charge of 00 colonics of liees
on shiires — with board.

Address, C. MIEEI^SON,

23Alt South Mount Forest, t'ook Co.. Ills.

THE NEW HEDDON HIVE.

WE have a few of these Hives, complete,
for sale at $3.90 each— to close them out.
We eauaot flU any orders for them in the flat,
nor these nailed ones, after our present stock
is exhausted. The ff;w we have are nailed and
painted. Order i>romptly. Address,

THOS. O. NEWMAN & SON,
246 East Madison Street. - CHICAGO. ILLS.

^QUARE f^ONEY QaNS

The above illustration shows the 80 pound
Square Hon'ey Cans which are becoming
quite popular for shipping extracted honey.
They are enclosed in
a solid case of wood,
and the boxes contain
either one or two Cans
^^■Biiiiii ^^ ™^y be preferred.
. ■^■nnwiB -^g gg^jj furnish them
at the following prices,
with a 1,1. 2 -inch Screw
Cap in the corner of
each Can.
For the convenience
llllilBi.'' ^^^^^^of digging out candied
honey, we can furnish
these Cans with an
additional four-inch Screw Cap for 5 cents
extra on each Can.

1 Single Can (boxed) $ .45

12 " Cans... " 5.00

100 " " ... " 40.00

1 box of two Cans 75

12 boxes " 8.40

100 " " 65.00

THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SOIT,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

♦^Eifflitli h Kditioii ^ Just ^ riildislied^

I\ew sin«I Keviweil Ktlition

HONEY,

Management of the Apiary

■ FOR PLEASURE AMD PROFIT

— BY —

THOMAS G-. NEWMAN,

Editor 0/ the American Bee Joitrnal.

This edition has been lai-^elj re-written,
thoroughly revised, and is "fullv up with the
times" in allthe improvements and inventions
in this rapid ly-dcvelopinprpursuit.and presents
the apiarist with everything- that can aid in
the successful maaagemeut of an apiary, and
at the same time produce the mo^t honey in
an attractive condition. It contains 250
pages and 245 illustrations — is beautifully
printed in the highest style of the art, and
Douud in cloth, gold lettered. Price, $1.00 —
postpaid.

Liberal Discount to dealers, by the dozen
or hundred.

THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON.
246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, TT.T..

This new edition of our Bees ani>
Honey will be given as a Premium for only
tliree new !«iibscril»ers^ with $3.00;.
or clubbed with the this Jouknal for $1.75.

Voice of Masonryi Family Magazine.
Three years- a Paper and twenty-five 'i Maga-
zine. Now unexcelled. Contains fine Portraits
and Illnstrations, and a great variety of ankles,
storieB and poems for Freemasons and their fam-
ilies ; also Eastern Star, Masonic Gleanings and
£ditorial OepartmPDts. Price per year. $.3.00.
JOHN W. H HO WN, Editor and Publisher,
182 & 184 S. Clarli Street, Cliicago, lUinoia.

When Answering this Advehtisement, mention this journal.

BEESWAX WANTED.

BeesM^ax.— We wil! pay 35 vents per

pound, in Cash, for Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
ered here.

I^~ To avoid mistakes, the name of the-
shipper should always be on each package.

THOS. G, NEIPPMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street. CHICAGO. ILLP..

My 22nil Annual Price-List f„d'i!ir,an^J&-

<^ueens and Nuclei Colonies (a specialty) : also Sup,
plies— will be sent to all who send tbeir names and
addresses. H. H. BROWN,

l4E4t 2'SC2t Light Street, Columbia Co. Pa.

When Answesing this Advertisement, Mention this Journal.

BOOKS WORTH THEIR WEIGHT III SOLD !

BV MAIL POSTAGE PAID ATTHE FOLLOWING PBICEST

Lndips Guide to Fane; \VDrk,Illiislrateil, $ .2&
How te Proplgnte and Grow Frai(. IlI'd, q.2S
Amcrlrnn Livp Stock MaDual, Illustrated. .2&
GuUle to Profllable Poultry Ralslne, IlI'd, .2&
Emplfljmpn(SoekersGuidp,NfwOpt-DingSj&c.25
H estcj-n World Gnldp and lland-Uook, .60

Dirkrns' Complete Works, 13 Vols., , 1.00
Wavprly Novert.hy >VnlterSro(t,2« Vols., 1.50
The Western Wor)d,IlIus.Iralpd,One Year, .25
Sample Copy and 100 Page Cnlalognie, . ,10
Chance to Save Money oq a Thous-ind AKicles.
manyiifwhfchwestndrreefora few Subscribers,
AUarcss TUB HESTERiN HOOtD, Cliicago, UU

NEW ONE-POUND HONEY PAIL.

''PHIS new size ot our Tapering
J. Honey Paiie isof uniform design
with the other sizes, having the top
edge turned over, and has a bail or
handle,— making it very convenient
to carry. It is well-made and, when
fliled with honey, makes a novel and
attractive small package, that can
•«j.i_L_l!!!iff^ be sold for lio cents or less. Many
consumers will buy it in order to give the children a
handeuiue toy pail. Price, 7S cents per doKen*
orfltA.OO perlOO. ^

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madiflon-Street, - CHICAGO. ILLS

390

THE SMEMICai* mmW JOURNSlu.

BeeKeemg for Profit

IS THE TITLE OF

DR. TINKER'S NEW HAND-BOOK.

IT GIVES his NEW SVSTEM of the man-
ag-einent of bees complete, telliug how to
get the Lai-fe^est Yields of Comb and Extracted
Honey, and make the industry of Bee-Keeping-
a profitable one.

The claim is made that our old methods and
appliances are of such a nature that it does
not pay, even the expert bee-keeper, to keep
bees, except in ver.v favorable localities. The
New Book tells why these failures occur, and
how to prevent them, givinjr the general prin-
ciples essential to a profitable system. The
work should be in the hands of every pro-
gressive apiarist.

It is well illustrated, and will be sent, post-
paid, to any address, for 25 cents. Please
remit by postal note. Address,

OR. G. 1^. TINKER,

eOAtf New Philadelphia. Ohio.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

PATENTS^

THOS. P. SIMPSON. Wiishtnffton

C. No iitty'a fee until Patent nb

tained. Write lor Inventor's Guide

Jol) Lot of Sections

\XTE have a Job Lot of wide-top, one-piece
»* SectioDS, l?i thicli and 4!i wide by 6Hi
hig'h. We will sell them, in lots of 500, for
$1..50. delivered at the Express or Freight
Offices here.

THOMAS G. KTEWMAIT & SON,
•246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Eaton's Improved

BEES & yUBENS. Sent)

for tree catalotiue. Address

Frank A. Eatou.

IDtf Bluffton, Ohio

Mention VicAinc-ii-(ni DceJournal.

SrCTUkW SiS.OO per 1,000. Foundation,
IJvllwliiS Alsike Clover Seed and Japanese
Buckwheat, cheap as the cheapest. Spec-
ial prices to dealers. Send (or our free
PRICE LIST. M. H. HUNT,
IDtf liELL BKANCH, MICH.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

SECTION PRESS.

WE are now prepared to furnish Wakeman
& Crocker's PRESS for puttiii!; to-
gether Oue-Piece Sections— at wholesale
and retail. Price, $2.00, by express. By the
dozen — rate ffiven upon application.

GARNIOUNS A SPECIALTY !

BEE-KEEPERS, before placing your orders for
Carniolan Bees or Queens, get our prices. Our
STOCK ARE EXCELLEO itv NONE. Descriptive Cir-
cular and Price-List for imso now ready. Send for it.
Address. F. A. LOCKHART & CO.,

(Formerly ot Andrews A Lockhart),
9Dtf Pattens' Mills, Wash. Co.. N. r.

Mevtion the American Bee Journal.

I)OOR= T ANGSTROTH
r MAN'S L=HIYE=

Before buying Hives, send for our Price-List
on this Hive as described on pag-e 186 of this
Journal. It is the best and che.\pest Hive

SMITH & SMITH,

14Atf Kenton, Hardin Co.. Ohio.

Mentioyi the American Bf^e Jouimal.

.SHilff:

•BEE SUPPl-IES

Mention tiw American Bee Journdl.

JAPANESE BUCKWHEAT, 7.-. cts. per
bushel; 1.5 cts. for bag. No. 1 Sections,
$3.00 per 1,000. Comli Foundation very cheap
Send for Price-List of 1890, free.

W. D. SOPEK, Box 1473, Jackson, Mich.
9Cot

Mention the American Bee Journal.

From $2.50 t« $3..")0 per 1,000, and other
APIARIAN SUPPLIES Cheap.

J\oTolty Co., - Rock Falls, Ills.

13D0t

Mention the American Bee Journal.

4-Piece Dovetailed Sections!

IN order to close out our present stock of
4-l»lece Dovetailed Sections, ."jfi.xfiU
—a trifle less than •; inches wide— we otter
them in lots of 500 for ¥2, or 1,000 fur S3. 50
—either Narrow or Wide Tops. No fractions of
500 will he sold at the above prices. Our stock
is limited, and orders will be filled in rotation
as long- as the Sections last. Order early.

THOS. G. IVEWMAN 4; SOi\,
246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

EstabllRlied 1S78.

SMITH & SMITH,

Wholesale and Retail Man-
ufacturers of

Bee-Keepers' ^mim,

KEIVTO^', OHIO.

rrlce Iilst Free. 9D]y

THAT HUNDRED -DOLLAR QUEEN!

OISE DOLIiAK will purchase a Daughter
of this wonderful Queen. Descriptive
Circular free. Address,

AMERICAN APICULTURIST,Wenham, Mass.
18C3t

Mention the American Bee Journal

CIRCULAR Saw, Iron Frame, Steel Shafts,
and Arbor's Machine-Cut Gears. Iron
Center-part in top. Send for Circular and
Price-List. J. OT. MAKSTON & CO.,

21C13t 75 Leno.x Street, BOSTON, MASS.

KPlhV TA <\\\\>\ Italian Queens-Tested.
IlLiiirl I IF 01111 ; $2.00; Untested, $1.00
—3 for $2.75—13 for $8.00. Nuclei cheap.
Send for Price-List. COLWICK & COLWICK,
Norse, Bosque Co,, Texas. 21Atf

Mentixm the American Bee Jo^vmal.

PATENTS !

P.4TENTS, Caveats, and Trade-Marks pro-
cured. Rejected Applications Revived and
Prosecuted. All business before the U. S.
Patent OtBce promptly attended to for mod-
erate fees, and no charg*^ rande unless Patent
is secured. Send for " INVENTOR'S GUIDE."
FRANKL.IN H. HOI GH,
31Ctf WASHINGTON, D.C.

The Lever.

THE NATIOITAI.

- - - TEMPE-aAlTCE KEWSPAPEB.

Ex-Gov. John P. St. John, Chief Editorial
Writer, assisted by Mus. Helen M. Gougar
and Rev. Dk. A, J. Jltkins.

Bright! Newsy! and Enterprising:!

YOU SHOILD READ IT.

Only One Dollar per \ car. Send for Sample
Copy.

Center- Lever Co.

123 La Salle Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

13A13t— tM3t

WHEN ANSWERING THIS ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAL.

HPTER HlHWRTfla.

BY SEC OR. I

HOT ye gleaners after knowledge '

in the field of apiculture, ^ j

Stop a moment, please, and read this, I

Stop and read this adTertisement. j

Send and get ray creamy Monthlt,
(I will send three samples gratis) j

It contains the vi ews of leading
Bee-men on some special topic ;
Points out errors ; makes you ponder, '

And abandon wrong ideas. ^^ '

If you'd march with those who "get there," '.
Send your stamps to "Hutch the hostler"— J
Fifty cents per annum only ;
Twelve Reviews for only fifty.
Address Bee-Keepers' Revrew,

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Ed. & Prop. Flint, Mich.

'J.'Jrtf Mention the American Bee Journal

Barnes' Foot-Power Machinery,

Head what J.I. PARENT.of

CHARLTON.N.Y.,8ay8— "Wo

cut with one of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter
5n chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
UK' honey-racks. 50'> broad
frames, 2.0(t0 honey-boxes
and a great deal of other
work. This winter we have
double the amount of bee-
hives, etc.. to make and we
expect to do it with this Saw.
It will do all you say it will,"
Catalogue and Price-List

Address, TV. F. & JOHN BAKNES,

No. 196 RubySt.. Rockford. lU.

Free.
45Clf

J. FORNCROOK & CO.,

MANDFACrrRERS OF THE

"BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTIONS,

[ l^^p

WILL furnish you, the coming season, ONE
PIECE SECTIONS, sand-papered on both sides
—as cheap as the cheapest, and better than the best.
t^r "Write for prices.
Watertown. Wis.. Jan. 1. 1890. iCly

HEAD-QUARTERSINTHE SOUTH.

FACTORY OF

BEE HIVES, &C.

Earl}' Nuclei A: Itallau Queens.

tW Tenth annual Catalogue now ready.
5Ctf PAUI. I.. Tl^X.I.OIir, Bayou Goula, La.

•TH® MMS'KICIRN BE® JQ-'UmJSMIU,

395

»**^*^»^>^*^*^A^*^«^*»t^*»*^>^*^*^^—-' — '■^^^■^•^■^■^^^«it>«>«^»^-'-^' — ■■ — f — » — »^^-

THOS. G . NEWMAN fc SON,

TH091AS G. WE^VWIAN,

SDITOR.

Vol. mi, June 14, 1890, No. 24,

I>r. Miller is done in "the half-tone
process," and so appears in Oleaninrjs for
June. The Doctor looks quite natural, but
we must say that we do not like that
" process." There is not one picture in a
dozen done in that way that suits our
fancy. We would like to feel differently
about it, if we could.

Kiibbins' a Sliced Onion over new
tin is recommended for making labels stick
to it when ordinary flour paste is used. Try
it, and report how you find it to act after
—say a month. We have tried several
methods, but usually found that after a
few weeks the labels would come off.
Perhaps the onion will prevent this.

The Illustrated Home Journal for
June is as bright and charming as any of
its preceding issues. The table of contents
is so extensive as to make it out of the
question to reproduce it in this uote. The
reading matter is all crisp and entertaining,
and the illustrations are numerous and of
a very pleasing character.— ^?-(/u«, Fargo,
Dakota.

' Minnie Wagner's letter published on
page 379 of last week's Bee Journal, refers
to an accident to her father, but she failed
to state his name, making the notice of no
value. We are sorry to say that it refers
to our friend, the Rev. Stephen Roese, of
Maiden Rock, Wis. He had been moving
some logs and one caught in a tree-top,
swung around and caught his leg, breaking
it in three places. He suffered agonies, no
one being near at the time ; after crying for
help, the pain caused him to faint. Friends
heard him a mile away— came to the rescue,
and took him home. We are glad to report
that he is now doing as well as could be
expected.

Po»la(::e on 9IercliandiM<; in the

United States is one cent per once (16
cents per pound). Congress ought to reduce
this at least one-halt. In this branch of
the postal business, the United States is
behind every country in Europe.

In England, parcels are mailed at 6 cents
for one pound, 9 cents for two pounds, etc.
There is no reason in our paying such high
rates, and the postage should be lowered
immediately by Congress. An exchange
makes the following suggestions which we
endorse, and ask our readers to act upon
at once :

A bill for this purpose was introduced in
the House of Representatives last year by
the Hon. W. W. Grout, of Vermont. But
to insure a favorable report it is necessary
to impress on the Members of Congress the
fact that lower po.stage on seeds, plants,
bulbs and merchandise is generally de-
manded by the public. Will the readers of
this please write a personal lettei- to the
Hon. Mr. Sawyer, who is chairman of the
Committee on Post-OSices and Post-Roads,
and to the Representative of their own dis-
trict, and if possible one or more to the
other Members of Congress, urging them to
favor such reduced postage ? The result of
this law will be to save you 8 or 10 cents
per pound on merchandise you buy by mail,
thus enabling you to get goods at a reason-
able price for transportation.

(Write a letter similar to this, fill out the name,
and address it simply Washington, D.G.,as follows):

Post-Office-

State-

Hon. ■

,Washington,D.C., June— 1890

Dear Sir : — I hope you will favor the bill
to reduce postage on merchandise. The
present rate, 16 cents per pound, is exces-
sive. Eight cents per pound would be an
improvement, and 4 cents only a fail- price.
I earnestly and respectfully urge that you
will aid this reasonable request in behalf of
the people. Also give us paper fractional
currency for use in the mails, and money
orders up to $b for 3 cents.

Very truly yours.

'Flie International Fair and Expo-
sition at Detroit, Mich., will be held from
Aug. 36 to Sept. 5. At the request of the
Association, we have consented to act as
Judge of the Bee and Honey Department.
Circumstances over which we had no con-
trol prevented our attendance last year.
This was a disappointment to our many
friends in attendance. We trust that noth-
ing will intervene to prevent us from car-
rying out our engagement this year. We
will state the day of attendance when we
are informed about it — but presume it will
be on Aug. 30 or Sept. 1.

Bees and Honey.— This work, by
Thomas G. Newman, has just been revised.
It has been largely re-written, and is fully
up with the times. It contains 250 pages,
and is well and fully illustrated. Of
course, being published by Thomas G.
Newman & Son, its typographical appear-
ance and binding are par excellent. It is
written in Mr. Newman's vigorous style,
and fills an important place in bee-litera-
ture.—Gicaniiigs ill Bee-Culture.

SeannnahU- IlintMlbr lle{;lnnerM

arte given in the Inlerrrwuntaln Hurlicul-
turlst for June, published by John C.
Swaner, in Salt Lake City, Utah. Under
the heading of the " Production of Comb
Honey," Mr. John H. Snider (a correspon-
dent) remarks as follows ;

When the honey-flow commences, put on
the super, contract the brood-nest if neces-
sary, and compel the bees to go up into the
sections. When the first super is nearly
full of honey (do not wait until it is cap-
ped), raise it up aud put an empty super
under, or between the first one and the
brood-nest.

By the time they need more room again,
the first one you put on the hive will be
completed and you can remove it, drive the
bees out, and carry it into the honey-house,
empty it and refill with new sections, and
put it where needed.

As the season draws to a close, collect
your unfinished sections together as much
as possible, aud place them on the strong-
est colonies ; take dummies or contracting
boards out of the other colonies and replace
them with frames filled with comb founda-
tion, and you will very likely get some nice
combs to extract, and the empty combs
will come in handy next season for swarms.

Clean all propolis off your sections, and
grade your honey ; select the best quality
and crate it by itself ; then select No. 2,
crate and mark it ; those partly full or
unfinished, you can extract and use them
again next season, or cut them out and sell
as chunk honey, just as you choose ; but it
does not pay to use any sections that are,
daubed and stained.

I^o'w is tUe Xinie to prepare for
disposing of the anticipated honey crop,
which, if it comes at all, and in its usual
way, will leave but little time to provide
the necessary receptacles for marketing.
When getting ready to order the proper
shipping-crates, pails, kegs, cans, etc.,
needed to contain the honey for shipment
and delivery to the consumers, do not for-
get to include a liberal quantity of the
"Honey Almanacs." These should be gen-
erously distributed in advance, if possible,
where you expect to sell honey, and then
leave an extra copy when the honey is
delivered, to be handed to a friend or
neighbor of the purchaser of the honey.

Nothing yet published in the line of
apiarian literature has so much aided the
producer of honey to dispose of his crop,
as these magnificent " salesmen " — "Honey
Almanacs ;" and when their trifling cost is
considered, it wiU be found to be the most
inexpensive way of advertising for the
home honey market.

Send 5 cents to this oflSce for a sample
" Almanac," with a host of excellent un-
solicited testimonials from those who hav»
tried the "Honey Almanacs," and hence
know and appreciate their great value as
an aid in creating a demand for honey in
every locality. Then try at least lOO
copies, and let them speak for themselves
among your desired customers.

See the last page of this number for
prices, etc.

396

THE mm^mmi^MM mmm jq)^ki«mil.

Jn Xav ZeaI:)ii«I and Australia the
seasons are the reverse of ours. There
the houey harvest is gathered during our
winter, and there bees are now iu winter
quarters. A protracted drouth has pre-
vented the bees from gathering much
honey, and in fact they have needed food
in some localities. The New Zealand
Farmer for AprU sums up its estimate of
the honey crop thus ;

From the few reports yet to hand, and
from private sources, we learn thatthrough-
out New Zealand the crop of houey har-
vested has been very variable. In some
parts it has been quite up to or a little
above the average, while in other parts —
and these appear to be the majority — it has
been considerably below the average ; so
that, judging roughly, we believe, on the
whole, the aggregate crop will not reach
more than 3-2 or --.^ of an average season's
crop. In the Australian colonies, from the
few reports to hand, we gather that the
result of the season's work is somewhat
similar to that of New Zealand. We learn
that in some cases there has been a good
taking, when in others again tte season is
almost a failure. We certainly anticiimted,
in the early part of the season, that the
yield for New Zealand, at all events, would
have been much above the average ; and
no doubt it would have been but for the
fact of the large portion of the honey not
being extractable.

Kass'wood from tlie Seed.— On
page 148, Mr. C. F. Miller asks for infor-
mation about growing basswood trees from
the seed, and in reply thereto we now offer
the following, taken from one of our many
agricultural exchanges :

In growing basswood from seed, a little
shade is usually necessary while the plants
are young and making their second and
third set of leaves. Gather the seed in the
fall as soon as ripe, and then mix in about
as much pure sand as there is of seed.
Place all in boxes and then bury in some
dry place in the open ground, covering
only a few inches deep, or deep enough to
keep out the mice aud prevent alternate
freezing and thawings.

In the spring, as soon as the weather is
favorable, sow seed and sand together in
wide drills, made with a hoe, and about the
width of the blade. Cover with flue, light
soil to the depth of a half-inch, or a little
more, then spread brush along over the
rows, just thick enough to give a little
shade to the young plants. When the
plants are 4 or 5 inches high, remove the
brush and give frequent cultivation during
the summer.

Wild ral)bits and many other animals are
fond of young basswood plants, and this is
probably why so few seedling trees are
found iu the woods.

We trust that the above will fully answer
the querist, and many others who have
enquired as to the modus operandi in
growing basswood from seed. Let all who
can do so, endeavor to have plenty of these
young honey-trees in their neighborhood,
to furnish the bees with an abundance of
nectar in due season.

A Heavenly Visitor. — Hon. Eugene
Secor, of Forest City, Iowa, has presented
us a stone — a visitor from some heavenly
body. Of it he remarks thus :

This Aerolite was found in Winnebago
County, Iowa. It fell in a meteoric shower
on May 3, 1890. The largest specimens
found, weighed, respectively, 80 aud'
66 pounds. They were imbedded iu dry,
hard prairie about 3 feet. Two, weighing
about 10 pounds each, were also found.
Smaller ones, varying in size from a pea to
a goose egg, were found, scattered over the
prairie for a couple of miles west of where
the large ones fell. All resembled this one
both in outward appearance and inside
structure. Eugene Secor.

We shall prize it as a treasure. What an
immense journey it must have made to get
to our planet ! Where did it come from i
is the question. As no one can answer it,
it will always remain a question.

We have prepared an engraving from a
photograph sent us by our friend Secor, of

the one weighing 66 pounds, and here
present it to our readers.

It resembles the light gray granites iu
appearauce. The outside of the pieces is
blackened, and it does Hot easily rub off.

It feels "heavy," and if it came from
other heavenly bodies, it proves that they
are composed of similar material to our
earth. This is a very natural conclusion,
however, if the earth was originally
thrown off from the sun when in a red-hot
condition. When contemplating these
things we are lost in wonder, aud must
conclude that we know but little of our
surroundings, as well as of our past,
present and future.

1^" Jacob T. Timpe's descriptive Circular
and Prioe-List for 1890, of the five-banded
Golden Italian Bees is on our desk. His
sample bees sent to us was noticed on page
No. 291.

Clubs of 5 New Subscriptions for $4.00,
to any addresses. Ten for $7.50, if all are
sent at one time.

Statisitics. — The usual spring report of
statistical information is given in Oleanings
for June 1, and is summed up as follows :

A summarized statement is as follows :
The average percentage of loss among the
special reporters during the past winter is
only 8?8 per cent.

By referring to the statistics of a year
ago, we find that the loss was 9 per cent.
We expected to see a smaller percentage
for this year.

The only losses, with few exceptions, that
occurred during last winter, of any account
were from over-breeding and consequent
starvation. If we eliminate this cause of
mortality, the percentage will probably be
very low.

The average loss in the vicinity of the
reporters, we find to be 14 1-6 per cent.
Last year at this time it was 17 per cent.

Perhaps it will be interesting here to
compare the average losses of the three
preceding winters, since we began the
department of statistics.

The special reporters' loss during the
winter of 1887 was 16 per cent. ; during

1888, 9 per cent. ; during the winter of

1889, 8-8 percent.

The locality losses for the winter of
1887 were 33 per ceut. ; for 1888, 17 per
cent. ; 1889,14 1-6 percent. It is to the
credit of the books, periodicals, and pro-
gressive apiculture, that the winter losses
have been decreasing.

Although the reports do not show it, we
notice by correspondence that there has
been a heavy loss iu the region of Gallup-
ville, N. Y., many bee-keepers losing all
their bees.

One bee-keeper said his Italians, be-
cause they gathered nothing but white
stores, wintered beautifully, while his
blacks and hybrids, having gathered a lot
of honey-dew and buckwheat, almost all
died — a great score for Italians, because
they will get white stores if there is any
possibility of doing so.

We also gather from correspondence that
there have been quite heavy losses in cer-
tain parts of Minnesota.

It is Often quite important to know
the colony from which a swarm has issued,
when such has not been noticed when
issuing. Dzierzon prefers this method of
ascertaining :

After it has been hived and removed to
its new stand, let a cupful of bees be taken
from it and thrown into the air, near the
apiary, after having sprinkled them with
flour ; they will soon return to the parent
colony, and may easily be recognized by
their standing at the entrance fanning,
like ventilating bees.

Frank Leslie's Illustrated News-
paper " for last week contains 14 pages of
handsome illustrations, not to include those
in reference to fashion and other specific
subjects. Some depict summer pleasure
haunts in southern Michigan, and a double-
page illustrates the new town at the foot
of the Cumberland Mountains in east Ten-
nessee.

■f tlie Surplus Cases are on before
the honey flows, swarms will be less numer-
ous, more especially if the sections are
furnished with foundation, to attract the
bees, and the entrance enlarged to aid
ventilation.— IFcstcrii Bee- Keeper.

Tmm MjmmmiQKM mmm jo^Rnmi,.

397

-'—--'■^■^Am»m^^

^^^■^^■^■^■^■^^■^•'itia^*-^*^

A June morning:.

BY MHS. M. .1. SMITH.

Hark to the basso of bumble-bees

Out in the new-blown clover !
Bumble-bees, himcy-bces in their flight,

Skimming the wide fields over.
Hiding in buttercup's golden heart.

Then in a bed of daisies.
Laden with gold-dust, full of sweets

Gathered in flowery mazes.

Hark to the concert ! The merriest birds

Down in the orchard gi-eenery.
Glad as ourselves, are welcoming back

June, with her gorgeous scenery.
Little ones peep over feather-lined walls.

Chirping a glad good morning.
Peering 'twixt trembling pearls, to see —

Pleased with the earth's adorning.

All of the flower waifs, great and small.

Straighten and grow in sunlight,
Roses are fragrant, and see, oh, see

Lilies with petals snow-white.
Hundreds of tiny swelling buds,

Each of them with a mission.
Welcome the zephyrs and sunbeam's gold,

Making our earth elysian.

Nature is clad in her best array.

Taking her yearly outing ;
Who could be sour or cross to-day ?

Who could be sad and doubting ?
Who could go scolding or freting, sure *

Who could greet sharply a brother.
On such a beautiful day, when all

Out-of-doors smiles to each other.

—VlcTi's Magazine.

Contracting^ Brood - Chambers,
and Using Queen-Excluders.

Written for the American Bee Journal

Query 711. — 1. Does it pay to contract
brood-chambers in producing comb honey J
2. If it does, is a queen-excluder between
the brood and sections necessary S — Ohio.

No. — Mrs. L. Harrison.
1. Yes. 2. Yes. — Eugene Secor.
1. It pays me. 2. I think so.— R. L.
Taylor.

To both questions, I say decidedly, yes. —
C. H. Dibbern,

1. Yes, when hiving new swarms. 2. Yes.

— G. M. DOOLITTLE

1. Most assuredly. 2. It is not abso-
lutely necessary, but very desirable. — A. J.
Cook.

1. If you want to feed your bees for win-
ter, yes ; if not, no. 2. Yes. — M. Mahin.

1. It does, if the surplus honey is wanted
in the supers. 2. Yes, unless you want
brood in the sections. — A. B. Mason.

1. It does with average sized colonies.
If the brood-chamber is not crowded, the
bees will not work in the sections. 2. It is
not absolutely necessary. — J. P. H. Brown.

1. Yes. I think that it does, in the way
and manner I have often described. 2. I

consider a queen-excluder a necessity in all
cases.— J. E. PoNi>.

1. With the hive I use, I do not think that
it would pay me. 2. If you contract the
brood-chamber to any extent, you will
want an excluder. — H. D. Cutting.

1. Only in early spring. Excessive and
prolonged contraction should be carefully
avoided. 2. I have never found it neces-
sary (except in one or two abnormal cases)
to use an excluder. — Will M. Baknu.m

1. I do not know. lam afraid not. 2. I
have not used one, even when contracting.
An excluder is needed over a new swarm,
if much contracted. — C. C. Miller.

1. You can contract and obtain more
clover honey, but at the expense of a fall
crop, and a dwarfed colony the final result.
I do not contract. 2. Yes, most assuredly.
—J. M. Hambaugii.

What is now meant by " contracting the
brood-chamber" is accomplished by re-
moving all the frames from the brood-
chamber but 4 or 5, and filling up with
division-boards, and confining the queen to
the diminished apartment by means of a
queen-excluder. In most localities, the
plan is a mistaken hallucination, because
at the close of the honey-season, the colo-
nies are left in an impoverished condition,
and must be fed up at an expense and
trouble, greater in the aggregate, than the
gain in surplus has been. Give me a brood-
nest " contracted " with brood and honey
at the commencement of the surplus flow,
and I will put them for profit against any-
body's bees.— G. W. Demaree.

1. Ask Mr. G, M. Doolittle, who first in-
troduced to bee keepers the method of
contracting brood-chambers in producing
comb honey. Ask any of our leading bee-
keepers of to-day, who are making the
business a success. Yes, it pays even to
fuss with division -boards and dummies ;
but when bee-keepers get to using a prop-
erly-constructed storifying hive, it will
pay better, and the industry of bee-keeping
be made a profitable one, where, by our old
methods and fixtures, failure has been the
rule to make the business pay. 2. Yes, but
not until a storifying hive is better appre-
ciated, will bee-keepers know how and
where to use a queen-excluder to advan-
tage in producing comb honey. — G. L.
Tinker.

1. Yes, sir, it does pay, even when you
have to do it by the old round-about method
of taking out combs and replacing with
dummies. 2. A queen-excluder is not
necessary simply because you are contract-
ing, but it has so many advantages in
various ways (one of which I might men-
tion is preventing the accident of removing
the queen with the surplus honey-sections),
that it always pays to use queen-excluding
honey-boards at all times and in all places.
No progressive bee-keeper to-day should
think for a moment of producing comb
honey without practicing the contraction
system. — James Heddon.

1. If you want to have all the surplus
honey carried into the supers, it will pay to
contract the breeding apartment, to accom-
plish this. 2. Although it cannot be said
to be absolutely necessary at any time,
still it is often desirable to use a queen-
excluding honey-board between the breed-
ing apartment and the surplus honey
receptacles. — The Editor.

If any one wants a club of two or
more weekly or monthly periodicals, be-
sides one or both of our Journals — send us
a Postal Card, and we will then quote the
lowest possible price, by return maO. The
number is too great to enumerate.

QUESTIONS.

Stingin;; Qualities of Bees— Otlicr
Queries AnsAvercd.

iVritten for the American Dee Journal

BY G. M. DOOLITTLE.

A correspondent writes : "I see it
stated by quite eminent antliority that
the black or brown German bees, as
thej' are varionslj' termed, are no more
liable to sting than are other varieties.
Do yon find this to be so ?"

In replying to this question, I would
say that the answer depends very
largely upon the "other varieties"
with which they are compared. If
they are to be compared with the Ital-
ians or the Carniolans, then all my ex-
perience goes to prove that they are
far more liable to sting than either of
these varieties. I am not afraid to
venture the assertion, that any ordi-
nary person would receive three stiugs
in handling the black bees, to where
they would received one in handling
the two above-named varieties, when
using the same care alike on each.

If they are to be compared with the
Syrians or Cyprians, then I would say
that the ordinary individual would be
apt to be stung the most with the latter,
yet the same behavior on the part of
the apiarist would provoke one to
sting, while the other would not resent
such behavior at all.

When Mr. Benton wrote about the
Cyprians being peaceable, he said some-
thing about their not stinging persons
who walked about their hives, if my
memory serves me rightly. Now
should any one stand in front of a
black colon}' of bees for ten minutes,
right in their line of flight, he would
be apt to be told very forcibly to get
out of the way, long before the ten
minutes were up ; but with the Cyp-
rians, this seems to be no provocation
to sting in the least, for they will
quietly go around a person all day
without a thought of stinging, and the
same holds good with the Syrians.

Again, when opening a hive, the
Cyprians will allow you to do this,
where done with care, without smoke,
but if we try the same on a black col-
ony, they resent it bj' the points of
many stings. On the contrary, if we
use smoke with the black bees, in just
the right quantities, they are brought
into subjection, or even stampeded out
of the hive, should any accident occur
in manipulation ; while the Cyprians
know no fear of smoke, unless poured
on them all the while, and, should only
a small accident occur, hundreds of
stings would be the result, unless the

398

ntmm m-mmmicmn mmm jQ^mnmi^,

apiarist was so protected that it was
impossible for them to get at tlie per-
son. They will crawl into the pockets
or any opening in the clothing, only
to sting when thej- come out, whether
in a room rods from the hive or close
to it. Hence, I should class the black
bees as being about medium as to
stinging.

PREVENTION OF INCREASE.

Another correspondent wishes to
know if he can prevent increase by
removing the old queen from a colony
at or near the swarming season, and
allowing them to rear another. This
would be a doubtful practice, it seems
to me. The only plan by way of re-
moving the queen, which I have made
a success worthy of repeating, has
been to allow the bees to swarm, and,
when returning them, take away the
old queen. When the first young
queen hatches, the bees will make
calculations for more swarming, which
will be announced by the piping of the
queens.

I then go to the hive, open it, shake
all the bees off each frame in front of
the hive, and while the comb is free of
bees, cut off every queen-cell I can
find. In this way we are sure that no
after-swarming will result, if we have
taken off everj' cell. In doing this, we
-will find the cell which has hatched,
by the cover being off". If we find
others with the covers oft", it will be
best to keep watch of the hive for a
day or so, for sometimes a colony
swarms from having more than one
queen at liberty at the same time,
though as a general thing such }'oung
queens are all but one dispatched at
once, or in a very few hours at least.

While this plan will work, and give
a fair yield of honey, yet I believe a
larger yield of a better quality of
honey can be obtained where onl}- one
swarm is allowed to issue from a col-
ony, the same being hived in a differ-
ent hive from which it came.

REMOVING THE BEE-STINGS.

I am asked by still another corres-
pondent, " What do you do when you
are stung, and how do you remove the
sting ?"

Well, if I am stung in a place where
it hurts too badly, as it sometimes
does when stung at the roots of the
finger-nails, I generally groan once or
twice and dance about a little, when I
go to work as if nothing had happened.
It is a rare thing that I am stung in
the face, as I always wear a veil when
working with the bees, and, when in
the apiary and not working at the
hives, I can generally- dodge any bee
that tries to sting me, or get it off
after it strikes and befoi'e it stings. A
bee must lay hold, as it were, to sting,

and an experienced person will know
the second a bee alights on him
whether it intends to sting or not, by
this laying-hold feeling. Many per-
sons strike at or kill a bee that has
merely dropped on the hands or face
to rest.

Now, about removing the sting :
Some recommend using the thumb-
nail, a pair of tweezers or the blade of
a knife. I use none of these, as they
are all too slow. Two-thirds of all the
stings which I get are removed before
the lance strikes deep enough to cause
any pain, and this "laying-hold" feel-
ing enables me to do this. As soon
as I feel this, I know that I am
to be stung, and at that instant,
an instinct comes over me which
causes me to rub the place where the
bee is against my clothing, thus crush-
ing the bee, and, if the sting has been
thrust, removing it at the same time.

If the bee is on my hand, it goes down
against my clothing at my hips or
near the knee, whichever will reach
the position the bee-occupies ; if on the
face or neck, then the sleeve on the
fore-arm goes to the place and rubs
bee and stinger off. In this way, one-
half or more of the bees which intend
to sting me are killed before they
have had time to push their lance into
the skin. Since I have learned these
things, I do not receive one sting that
affects me any, to where I had 20
formerly. Trj- it, reader, and see how
easily it is done.

Borodino, K. Y.

BEE-SPACES.

Many-Banded Bees — Tlie Spac-
ing of Combs, etc.

Written for the American Bee Journal
BX REV. W. P. FAYLOK.

On page 365, Dr. C. C. Miller has
some things to say about my com-
munication on page 313. His review
is partly a eulogy, and partly a criti-
cism. Though he did not reconize my
standing, I will not refrain from call-
ing him "Doctor." He admits that
there was something in my article,
when he says : "I have been much
interested in reading the article."

That "the black bee is r a pi dlj' giv-
ing away to the 4 and 5 banded Ital-
ian," the Doctor hardly thinks is cor-
rect. I would like to know why it is
that our best breeders cannot keep up
with their orders in sending out
queens. Is it not because their bees
are gentle and handsome ?

The editor of the Bee-Hive, in his
last issue, says : " It is a fact that
beauty in bees over-balances all other
qualities with the majority of bee-

keepers. Send out handsome bees,
and customers are always satisfied."
That tells it exactly. But if Dr. Miller
does not wish to advance his bees in
point of coloi-, I will not quarrel with
him about that. The prettier I can
get mine, the more pleasing to me.

SPACING THE BROOD-COMBS.

About the proper distance to space
combs, the Doctor admits that I may
be right ; but when he says, " Even if
we should find li inches the rule, the
advocates of closer spacing might say
that bees left to themselves will use a
spacing that will allow the building of
drone-comb," the Doctor is shifting.
The fact is, that when the swarming-
time comes, the bees will have drones,
close spacing, wide spacing, or no
spacing at all, even if they are com-
pelled to tear down one comb to make
room for another.

If the reader wishes to know whether
the bees build brace-combs more
readily where combs are closely
spaced, all that is necessary to do is to
go to a hive of full workers ; take two
combs and place them so as to nearly
touch each other. In 48 hours notice
the result. Do this when the bees are
storing honey.

NUMBER OF CELLS TO THE INCH.

Dr. Miller says : "Mr. Faylor is a
very brave man to intimate that bees,
of their own accord, build worker-cells
larger than 5 to the inch ;" then adds :
" Are all the books and observers of
the last hundred years in error on this
point ?" Yet in the same reply he
continues : " Bees do not build combs
exactly 5 cells to the inch, but about
(notice how accur.ate) four and four-
fifths inches. Now, I ask the reader,
what can j-ou think of such reasoning
as this? Prof. Cook says: "The
diameter of the worker-cells avei'ages
little more than one-fifth of an inch."
(See his Manual, page 105.*) It might
not be amiss for me to say that if Dr.
Miller's book gives 5 cells to the inch,
he should have it revised.

Yes, sir, I am "fully posted" on
Mr. A. I. Root's position on this ; and I
think that his latest foundation ma-
chines make the cells as much too
small as some of the old ones made
the cells too large. I should like to
know who, besides Mr. Root, as a
foundation-machine builder, advocates
5 cells to the inch.

I enclose samples of foundation for
the Editor, made on the Vandervort
and Pelham mills. The Vandervort
machine makes 4J cells to the inch,
horizontall3% and 5 cells diagonally,
which would average 4J cells to the
inch. The Pelham machine makes
four and three-fifths cells to the inch,
and averages nicely each way. To my

rtmm m^mmmicRn mnm joi^RifsiLr.

399

mind this machine makes the best
foundation, with very high side-walls,
and yet has a thin base for the bottom
of the cell.

Certainly Dr. Miller was wasting
words when he said, " If Mr. Taylor
does not want to lose reputation as a
careful observer, he will do well to
make some critical measurements, and
send to the Editor." Why, can't any
bee-man get samples of foundation and
natural comb — and ascertain for him-
self whether I am correct ? And as
for reputation, I am not seeking after
that ; the reader can think that I am
joking or telling the truth, as far as I
am concerned ; but I am settled on
these points — workfer-cells to be 4J to
4i to the inch ; combs spaced 1| inches
from center to center ; and the hand-
somer and gentler the bees, is my
choice.

St. Bernice, Ind.

[The samples of comb foundation
accompanying the foregoing article
measure just as stated. Dr. Miller
surprised himself by taking some
measurements, as was shown by the
postscript to his article on page 365.
We fully agree with the Rev. W. P.
Faylor on all the points for which he
contends in the foregoing article, and
upon second thought we believe that
Dr. Miller will do the same.

*This quotation is from page 105 of
the edition published in 1884. — Ed.]

BEE-TALK.

The Keeping of Bees and their
Improvement.

Written ior the American Bee Journal
BY J. W. TEFFT.

The breeding of honey-bees has be-
come a scientilic study, and all over
the world men of intelligence and
wealth are enlisting in the ranks with
rapid succession. That it is an hon-
orable business, no one will deny, for
even clergymen are now engaged in
endeavoring to raise the standard of
the honey-bee family — the noblest of
the insect kingdom. What bee-keeper
is there who does not delight in hand-
ling his bees these delightful June
days ? It makes a man like himself
and his family better, while the whole
world looks brighter, and daily toil
becomes easier. The vpheels of thought
are oiled with magnetism and anima-
tion, after a lively time with the bees,
and perhaps a brash with a little
" cyclone " of cross bees.

"How do you account for the in-
creased interest in breeding fine bees?"

queried Mr. Albert Daken, of Tully,
N. Y., during a pleasant visit which
we had recently. I replied, first of all,
that it is attributable to the trials of
Italian bees throughout the countrj' ;
they startled the world by being great
gatherers of honey, and many people
think that their good qualities and
record can never be excelled. They
are wonderful bees ; their wonderful
performances set the breeders to think-
ing, and the one great object was to
bring out a bee to dethrone them as
the honey-bees ! Breeders brought
forward the Holy Land bee, the Pales-
tine, Cyprian, Carniolan, Egyptian,
Caucasian, and, lastly, the "invinci-
ble " bee, being a cross of the black
and Caucasian.

Breeders of bees all over the country
have been trying to out-do one another
for the past 25 years, or since the
grand circuit of the International
American Bee-Association was inaug-
urated ; and there is no telling what
the ultimate result may be.

Another question propounded was
this : " You recently pui'chased a
few colonies of thoi'oughbrcd bees iu
Tennessee, to mate with your Cau-
casians. Now, why would it not have
been just as wise to have sent some of
your queens to be mated with some of
the great honey-gathering bees ?"

I maintain that the drone controls
the action of the offspring more than
the queen, bebause he is the stronger.
This is true also in the human family,
in nine cases out of ten. Again, drones
cannot be shipped alive any great dis-
tance.

"Would you as a breeder of quite
long experience, advise a young man
with limited means to buy thorough-
bred Italians, to mate with thorough-
bred Syrians, in hopes of rearing a
new type of bees, in preference to buy-
ing an equally good honey-gathering
bee ?"

No, sir. A man with limited means
cannot afford to experiment. It is dif-
ferent in the case of Senator Doolittle
and myself, and perhaps others. If I
fail to get good results from my thor-
oughbred Caucasian drones from the
first cross, I can cross them again, and
get the honey-gathering instinct suffi-
cient to overcome the thoroughbred
desire to swarm. Thoroughbred blood,
as all know, gives finish and hardy-
staying qualities. I have been careful
in my selection of Caucasian queens,
to secure daughters of thoroughbreds
that possessed as much honey-gather-
ing action as possible, so that it would
be necessary to make but one cross.
Whether I will succeed or not, time
will tell.

"You maintain that the drone con-
trols the blood, finish and action in
the honey-bee as well as in the human

family. Will you please explain how
you formed that idea ?

From i)ersonal observations I can
distinguish an Italian from a C3'prian,
in ninety cases out of a hundred, by
their actions. The gait and action is
inherited generation after generation.
There are but few exceptions even in
great grand-sons or great grand-daugh-
ters.

"Then you do not regard a fine-
blooded Caucasian queen of so much
importance as a fine-blooded drone for
breeding ?"

Understand me — it is the interming-
ling of royal blood that produces royal
results. I want the best of both that
money can buy, and the outcome must
be gratifying, as a rule. Life is too
short to experiment to any great ex-
tent ; but if we do not get out of the
rut and experiment a little now and
then, we will never have anything new.

" Do you maintain that the surplus
chamber of a hive should be of the
same depth as the brood-chamber ?"

Yes, most assuredly. But why men-
tion this subject now ? You know that
every useful invention has been carried
out and perfected by the co-operation
of many minds, or by the successive
application of varied geniuses to the
same object, age after age. The
mechanic and editor must aid the bee-
keeper, or he must stand still in his
inventions or demonstrations ; and the
inventor and editor must aid the
mechanic, or he will work without
wisdom and with intolerant stupidity.
Altogether, they solve intricate, mas-
terly problems.

SPACING COMBS.

The Close Spacing of Brood-
Frames in Hives.

Written for the American BeeJourTial

BY J. E. POND.

Some years ago, when I gave the
result of my experiments in close
spacing of frames (and, by the way,
those articles of mine were the first
ever written on the point). I said, "I
believe the principle would in time
be adopted, and would work a revolu-
tion in bee-management."

I still believe, as I then stated, for
while my ideas were then rather
laughed at, as being impracticable,
now they are being commented upon,
as perhaps being of some little value.
All I asked then was a trial ; and I say
now that I firmly believe that whoever
gives the method a fair and honest
trial, will become convinced that it
will accomplish all I ever claimed for
it, and more than can be accomplished
by any other method, whether used for

400

Itmrn MMMMICMH MMM JIQ'^KlfMIr.

^A^^tm^^'^^

comb or extracted honey ; as a means
of controlling swarming, or increasing
the size of colonies when desired, of
rearing and pure mating of queens, of
preventing formation of brace-combs,
etc. ' ' Pooh !" every one will say,
" he claims the earth." For repl}-, I
say simply, "Try it, and be con-
vinced."

Is the plan rational and in line with
nature ? I have always been led to
believe that man was given bi-ains to
use, and, in bee-keeping, the best use
he can make of them is to aid his pets
where he can. "Father Langstroth "
started the " ball a-rolling " with his
frame ; and now we can control and
aid also.

In nature, the bees space their combs
widely, for the reason that it gives
them ample space for winter supplies.
We do not need this space, for we can
do what the bees cannot, namely, give
all the space wanted, and just where
it is needed. Now what we want is to
use the brood-chamber for brood, and
we do not need any winter supplies to
be stored therein. By close spacing,
we can accomplish just this, if we
wish. It is not guess-woi'k with myself
— I have tried and proved it, season
after season ; and what I have done,
any one can do also.

But " brevity is the soul of wit," and
I need not enlarge on the point, as I
have already said enough to, as I
desire, start a discussion that will
bring the matter to the attention of
all experimenting apiarists. Who will
give the method a thorough test, and a
fair report of results ?

North Attleboro, Mass.,May 31,1890.

THE CLOVERS.

Alsike and Its Origin — Honey
from Clovers.

WrltUnfor the American Bee Journal
BY C. J. ROBINSON.

In reading the correspondence of
bee-keepers, I observe that some have
mentioned that differently named
clovers afi'orded honey, and that it may
be to advantage to cultivate certain
species or variety of them.

The Alsike — so-called — has been tried
by many, but the reports are conflict-
ing. Its botanical name was so given
from its being supposed by Linnajus to
be a hybrid between white and red
clover, but it is now known to be a dis-
tinct species. It is found native over
a large part of Europe, and was first
cultivated in Sweden, deriving its com-
mon name from the village of Syke in
that country. In 1834, it was taken to
England, and in 1854 it was taken to
Germany, where it is largely grown.

not only for its excellent forage, but
also for its seed, which commands a
high price.

In France, it is little grown as yet,
and is frequently' confounded with the
less productive Trifolium elegtms. In
the oiBcial report of the World's Fair
held at London in 1851 (if I remember
correctly), mention is made of Alsike
clover seed, which was exhibited in
the department alloted the Swedes.

In 1853 or 1854, I received, among
an invoice of seeds, a small paper of
Alsike clover seed, sent to mo from
the now Department of Agriculture by
our Member of Congress. I sowed it
on rather dry land, and did not get a
favorable opinion of it.

In 1870 I procured a few pounds of
Alsike seed, and put it upon dry land,
my object being to test it as a bee-
forage plant. 1 was not highly enough
pleased with Alsike to make further
trial. I sowed timothy seed with the
Alsike ; the latter failed to grovv much
of a crop the second season. Alsike
seed is possessed of lasting vitalitj-.
The reason for Linnreus supposing
Alsike to be a hybrid, was because it
is intermediate in size and color be-
tween white and red clover.

In "Les Prairies Artificielles," by
Ed. Vianne, of Paris, we tind the fol-
lowing (condensed here) :

Alsike does not attain its full develop-
ment under 8 or 3 years, and should there-
fore be mixed with some other pl.iut for
permanent meadows. It is best adapted to
cool, damp calcareous soils, and gives good
results upon reclaimed marshes. It is
adapted neither to very dry soils nor to
those where there is stagnant water. Being
of slender growth, rye or oats are often
sown with it, when it is to be mowed. In
fertile ground, weeds are apt to diminish
the yield after a few years, so that it
requires to be broken up. It is generally
sown in May, at the rate of 6 to 7 pounds
of the clean seed per acre. Alsike sprouts
but little after cutting, and therefore pro-
duces but one crop and one pasturage. The
yield of seed is usually 130 to 170 pounds
per acre.

It does not endure drouth as well as the
common red clover, but it will grow on
more damp and heavy soils, and it is said
that it can be grown on land which, through
lung cultivation of the common clover, has
become "clover sick."

Other vareties or species of clover
secrete honey, but bees are not able to
reacli the nectar at the bottom of the
tubes of the flovvers. Bees have cer-
tain parts of tlie mouth — the maxilla;
and labium, or lower jaws and lower
lip, with their feelers (palpi) — elongat-
ed into a sort of proboscis ; and the
ligula is elongated, assuming the form
of a filament capable of extension and
retraction, and is folded up when not
in use.

This is the organ called, by some,
the tongue of bees, although the name
cannot be regarded as very appro-
priate, it being a part of the labium or
lower lip. The other elongated parts

of the mouth serve as a sort of sheath
for this organ, when it is folded up.

It is not tubular, and employed in
tlie manner of suction, as has been
supposed by many, but is more or less
hairy, so that the honey adheres to it
as it is rolled and moved about, and is
conveyed up through the mouth into
the honey-bag, sometimes called the
first stomach, an appropriate recepta-
cle, in which it apparently undergoes
some change — without, however, being
subjected to any process analogous to
digestion, and is ready to be given
forth again by the mouth.

I do not (please note) disagree with
Prof. Cook in his remarks calling
honey " digested nectar," but I do
assert that honey is different from nec-
tar in its natural state or when gath-
ered ; and the change is produced by
passing through certain organs of the
honey-bee, and the term "digestion"
expresses the action correctly enough.

The idea that bees can be or have
been bred into a "strain" that, differ-
ent from other bees, gather nectar
from red clover, is ridiculous. When
it occurs that red clover secretes nec-
tar so that the flower-tubes are nearly
tilled, the bees will work on the clover
so long as they can reach the sweet in
the tubes ; so bear in mind, it is the
kind of weather — not the kind of bees
— that produces honey from big clover.

There is, in this country, red clovers
known by different botanical names.
The French clover (Trifolium incarna-
hmi) ; also manmotli clover (Trifolium
mediu7n), which is cultivated under the
name of sapling, or pea-vine clover,
etc. These clovers are usually re-
garded as being the above mentioned
species, but are, perhaps, a variety, or
varieties, of the common red clover —
Trifolium j^ratense.

Richford, N. Y.

THE BEE-SPACE.

Tlie Correct Space — Experience
Avitli the Bee-Escape.

TFritfen /or the American Bee Journal
BY WM. L. DREW.

To query 709, regarding the size of
the correct bee-space, Mr. Secor an-
swers three-sixteenths of an inch, and
the Dadants a scant one-fourth inch,
which is about the same. In the June
Apiculiurist. an article in the Review is
mentioned, recommending this same
space — three-sixteenths of an inch —
and Mr. Alley seems to sanction it.
Now all this talk seems very strange
to me, and I will proceed to tell why.

I have in my possession, and have
had in use for several years, some 15
Heddon honey-boards which were in-

T'H® mimmmicMn mmm j@ijrhs,iu.

401

tended to be queen-excluding by plac-
ing the slats just three-sixteenths of an
inch apart. The slats are but five-
eighths of an inch wide, so as to reduce
the variance of this space caused by
Ihe swelling or shrinking of the wood.
The boards are exceedingly well made,
and the slats are very accurately
spaced. As queen-excluders, they are
commonly successful, but these boards
are now thrown aside. Why ? Be-
cause the bees will persist in almost
absolutely filling the space between
the slats with what seems to be a mix-
ture of glue and wax. This is usually
arranged in a rough attempt at verti-
cal cells, running thi'ough the spaces,
and closed like the base of a cell either
at the top or bottom, or somewhere in
the middle of this space.

I have also regular Heddon honey-
boards with slits spaced three-eighths
of an inch apart, which have been in
use the same length of time as the
others, and the spaces are compara-
tivel}- free of all stoppage. There is
some comb in these spaces, but never
any glue.

Now the question arises, if bees will
solidlj- fill a three-sixteenths-inch space
between the slats of a honey-board,
why will they not — and will they not —
do the same thing in the same space
above the brood-frames or between
section-cases ?

BEE-ESCAPES — UNCAPPING.

Will some one who has had in prac-
tical use the Reese bee-escape, please
tell us if the bees ever trouble in un-
capping comb honey in sections when
the escapes are put on. We do not
vrant any theory on the subject — we
want experience. We are pretty safe
in presuming that the Reese and the
Dibbern bee-escapes will work alike
in this regard, but the Reese escape
has been in use a short time, and the
Dibbern never has.

Newton, Iowa.

WINTERING-.

Suggestions Regarding; Bees in
tiie Cellar In Winter.

Read at the Ohio State Convention

BY F. A. EATON.

I will try to give a few of the points
of advantage in cellar-wintering. In
the first place, it gives one in this
northerlj' latitude, the privilege of
using the most convenient and har;dy of
all hives, the single-walled Langstroth-;
best for summer and spring, because
the rays of the sun penetrate and warm
it the most quickly. Then, it is far
the most convenient for all manipula-
tions by the apiarist, compared to the
large, double-walled hive.

The cellar is the only safe way
known for wintering bees in any single-
walled hive. The beekeeper who
makes a sjiccialty of bees, or one whose
bees are his main hope of support, if
he is a man who has any care or
solicitude for the queen and the little
workers, he does not want any guess-
work about his bees coming through
the winter, for he may grow gray from
worry in one short winter.

Bees should be prepared for the
cellar in September, by seeing that all
colonies light in stores have a plentj'.
Feed them up to 25 or 30 pounds ; and
one of the best ways to feed at this
time in the fall, to prevent robbing, is
by I'emoving empty frames and sup-
plj'ing frames of sealed honey. I find
that natural stores are the safer for
wintering in-doors, provided that the
proper conditions are acquired in the
cellar. Your cellar should be an un-
der-ground one, as an up-ground re-
pository is entirely too sensitive to the
changes of the weather.

A good, dry, under-ground cellar
can be kept very near the desired tem-
perature all winter. The bee-cellar
must be strictly a bee-cellar — not a cel-
lar for general purposes, filled with
vegetables and what not, subject to
distui'bance by too frequent visits. It
should be a perfect dungeon ; there
should not lie the slightest ray of light,
or the bees in their warm and normal
condition will fly to it and never get
back to their hives. I had a farmer
neighbor living a few miles away, who
came to me last spring and asked,
" How does it come that my bees die
in the cellar ?" I heard that he win-
tered them that way, and supposed it
was the best. He never read a bee-
paper. I asked him what kind of a
cellar he had for bees ; he replied,
"0,1 have a good one; taters and
apples never freeze in it, and then I
give them plenty of light so they could
find their hives."

To start a tier of hives, place two
2x4 scantling on the floor of the cellar,
just far enough apart to set a hive on,
and far enough from the wall to admit
a person between the wall and the
hives. Now place two more scantling
in the same way. about 6 inches from
the first two ; this gives room for
reaching in between the two tiers to
place the blocks under the hives.

It is now read}' for the hives to be
carried in. To winter successfully in
the cellar, the hives must have loose
bottom-boards, and the}' are in the best
condition when the top is hermetically
sealed by the bees.

Upward ventilation is very injurious,
and is liable to cause bee-diarrhea ;
but if it did not cause that disease, it
would be ruinous to the bees toward
spring when they begin to breed.

They could not raise the temperature
inside the hive above that of the out-
side, as there would be a constant cir-
culation of the air to carry off the
heat.

Select a cool day, when the mercury
is a little below freezing, and, if pos-
sible, an experienced person, or at
least one that is not nervous, to help
carry them in. They should be carried
with great care, so as to cause as little
di.sturbanee as possible.

Remove the roof of the hive in the
yard, as it would take up unnecessary
room in the cellar. Have a basket of
sawdust with you to close up the en-
trance of the hive with, while you are
carrying them in. Build up the two
tiers on the four scantlings prepared
as you go along, placing the backs of
the hives in the two tiers together, and
build them up as high as the cellar
will admit. You should have a lot of
oblong blocks one inch square pre-
pared ahead.

As fast as a hive is put in its place,
raise it from the bottom-board, and
place one of these blocks under each
corner. This raises the hive one inch
from the bottom all around, and gives
all the ventilation necessary, which is
a good circulation of air under the
frames. It also prevents molding.
With this under ventilation only, there
is no sweating, or condensing of mois-
ture, which is so injurious and hard to
prevent out-of-doors. Who has not
seen the water trickle from the en-
trance of out-door hives on a cold day,
and freeze in icicles, or close up the
entrance entirely ? By this raising of
the hive from the bottom-board, it
gives plenty of room for dead bees to
drop, and not clog up the entrance.

The cellar needs but little, if any,
ventilation — the only ventilation I give
is to open the door after dark, two or
three times a week, and leaving it open
a few hours until the air is changed,
and the mercury gone down a couple
of degrees. The proper degree at
which to keep the cellar is no longer
an experiment, as it has been well
established by many to be near 45^.

Cellar-wintering is the only plan
which places bee-keeping on a solid
basis with other business. Who, in
other business, would invest money in
anything that would be likly to lose
the entire principal, or nearly so, every
year, nine times out of ten, as it is with
out-door wintering ? True, there are
a few experts like Mr. A. I. Root, who
can winter bees out-of-doors success-
fully, but there are many who cannot.
Therein lies a secret, why so many be-
ginners fail. They start with but few
bees, which is proper, the fewer the
better — not enough to pay for fixing
up a cellar to winter in, thinking that
they will do so when they reach their

402

Tmm mm,mmiC'mH mmm j^^smmmi^.

'-—-—-—-— j-j^-t^*^*^*^*^*^*****^

fifties, but, alas, they never reach the
desired goal. Winter after winter
they lose most of their bees, until they
at last give up in disgust.

The saving of expense is a matter to
be looked after in wintering. Bees
should be placed in the cellar early in
November, and left in until nearly
April 10, of course varying slightly with
the season. During this time they will
only consume from 5 to 10 pounds of
honey per colony, coming out with
plenty of young bees hatched, and
from 3 to 7 frames of nice brood ;
while bees out-of-doors will consume
in a corresponding length of time from
20 to 30 pounds of stores, and be just
fairly started to breed. Compute the
difference of honey used, at the small
sum of 10 cents per pound, and you
have at least $2.00 per colony — an
item on an apiary of 100 colonies, of
the sum of |200. Is this not worth
looking after ?

Another expense is that of hives.
For wintering out-of-doors with any
degree of success, a chaff hive must be
used, costing from $2.50 to $3.00 more
than a good single-walled Langstroth
hive, requiring on 100 colonies an in-
vestment of from 1250 to $300, which
is no trifling item. Does some one
say, " a cellar costs something also ?"
True, an under-ground cellar large
enough to accommodate 100 colonies
would cost nearly $100 — which still
leaves a nice balance.
Bluffton, Ohio.

RIPENING AND STORING HONEY.

PRIZE ESSAY.

Extracted Honey — Its Oreat
Yaliie as an Article of Food.

Written tor the American Bee Journal
Br A. N. CLARK.

The knottiest problem with which
the producer of extracted honey has to
contend, is to establish and maintain
a reliable honey market. The only
possible way to .solve this problem is
for all bee-masters to handle none but
a fine article. Confidence once thor-
oughly established, the custom of con-
suming Nature's sweet will be almost
sure to follow.

To obtain the best quality, extract
from clean combs, from the supers,
and not from the brood-chamber. If
possible, avoid extracting from combs
containing pollen in the bottom of the
cells, as such pollen-charged honej' has
a disagreeable flavor. Keep the combs
clean at all times of the year. See
that the extractor and all other metal
receptacles are free from soluble rust.
In short, the utmost cleanliness is re-
quired from the time the combs are
removed from the hives, until the
honey is in the hands of the consumei'.

As regards ripening, basswood honey
may be extracted before the cells are
completely capped, if immediately
placed in a hot, airy room. By this
method of evaporation, it loses some
of its strong, and, to many, disagree-
able flavor. But white clover, which
is deficient in flavoring-matter at its
best, should not be removed from the
hive until thoroughly ripened ; and
unless the apiarist has the best of
facilities for evaporating honey, he had
better leave all honey, even basswood,
to be ripened in the hive.

Annually, the quality of hundreds of
tons of honey is ruined by improper
storage. If a dry, warm room cannot
be obtained, it should, on the day it is
extracted, be placed in barrels or cans
and sealed air-tight.

In using barrels, avoid whisky bar-
rels, as they are usually charred inside,
and the crj'Stallized honey cannot be
removed without disturbing particles
of charcoal. Pine barrels or pails are
objectionable unless waxed, as they
impart a piney flavor. New oak-staves
are subject to a similar objection ; but
when these barrels have once contained
alcohol, they no longer impart a woody
flavor to honey. Alcohol being a
powerful solvent, it has dissolved out
of tlie staves the free tannic acid,
leaving the barrel in the best possible
condition for a honey-receptacle.

In most localities, the best recepta-
cles for home trade, are those of tin,
well labeled, holding from one to
twelve pounds. When put in glass,
the honey should be heated and sealed
while hot, thus preserving the liquid
form longer than when put up cold.
With glass vessels, miall labels should
be used, as cleai% bright, liquid honey
is more attractive than any printed
label.

that there are more philosophers than
angels.)

Producers of extracted honey should
in various ways call attention to the
many uses of honey, its wholesome-
ness and cleanliness as compared with
sugars, molasses, and syrups, and its
economy as compared with comb
honey.

It is a fact beyond dispute, that
owing to the nastiness and greediness
of those who handle the products of
sugar-cane and glucose, that molasses,
syrups and dark sugars are almost
unfit for human food.

As the mineral poisons, chloride and
muriate of tin, are sometimes found in
white sugars ; and as commercial glu-
cose or grape sugar nearly always
contains free sulphuric acid and lime,
the only remaining wholesome sweets
are honey and sorghum. Of course,
the sugars contained in fruits are
wholesome, but are not produced on a
commercial scale.

While cane-sugar has greater sweet-
ening power than honey, the latter has
the advantage of being more easily
assimilated by the digestive organs.
In fact, honey is so natural a food for
man, that good physiologists tell us
that it is already digested for us, and
all we have to do is to eat and assimi-
late. Cane sugar, on the contrary,
must be converted to grape-sugar be-
fore assimilation takes place.

To substantiate what I have said re-
garding the comparative value of
honey as a pure, clean sweet, I would
that Dr. Kedzie — our able and

THE USE OF CRYSTALLIZED HONEY.

The apiarist should encourage the
use of crystallized honey for two rea-
sons : First, it is more convenient to
handle ; second, it proves its freedom
from commercial glucose — the only
adulterant that could possibly be used
at present prices.

Yet, in spite of the fact that honey
sells for less than sugar, if an apiarist
uses sugar for winter stores, it will
hurt his home market, no m.atter who
he is, or who his customers are. Not
only must the apiarist be honest in
everything, but in many cases he
must be more than honest.

With the wintering, swarming and
crop failure problems to contend, to
produce large crops, the apiarist needs
to be a philosopher ; but to readily dis-
pose of large crops he needs to be an
angel. (The present indications are

say

honorable State Chemist^at a meeting
of the Michigan State Board of Health
on Jan. 14, 1879, said that, as a gen-
eral thing, sugars in Michigan were
adulterated ; that poisonous materials
were used to color sugars, and that
cofl'ee sugars almost always contained

Dr. T. D. Williams, of Chicago,
stated that he has found sugar products
almost invariably contaminated with
lead.

As regards the use of sulphuric acid,
the State Assayer of Massachusetts,
says that he found as high as thirty
gi-ains of sulphuric acid to the pound
of sugar.

Dr. Kedzie found in one sample of
syrup, 141 grains of sulphuric acid,
and 724 gr.ains of lime to the gallon ;
and in another, which had caused
serious sickness in a whole family, 72
grains of sulphuric acid, 28 gi-ains of
copperas, and 363 grains of lime to
the gallon. If any one doubts the
poisonous qualities of the above chemi-
cals, let him administer a dose to a
rat or worthless dog, and watch the
effect.

Sugar manufacturers do not use
poisonous chemicals because they wish

Tmm mTsummicmn mmm jauRNiM,.

408

to injure the health of the consumer,
but because it pays them to do so ; to
completely neutralize the poisons they
use in process of manufacture woukl
add to the expense of the product, and
such a course would require more time
and more skilled labor.

It is well for all to remember that
honey is solelj' the product of Nature,
and that Nature is more honest and
less niggardly than our sugar-manu-
facturers. Nature has no motive for
cheapening the cost of her products at
the expense of quality. Every chemist
knows that sugar-makers have just
such motives, and such practices are
more injurious to the health than sugar
trusts are to the pocket-book of the
consumer.

The late Dr. J. G. Holland, in treat-
ing on the subject of longevity, said :
" By all authorities, honey has been
esteemed the ' juice of life,' and car-
ries far more merit than the fabled
fountain of youth and beauty which
Ponce de Leon sought in vain. Many
aged philosophers, and among them
Democritus, Pythagoras, and Pliny
trace their length of days to the use
of honey. Two persons in modern
times are mentioned as having lived
to the ages of 108 and 116, and who,
during the last half century of their
lives, for their breakfast took only a
little tea sweetened with honey."

While I do not advocate discontinua-
tion of the use of sugars for cooking
and baking purposes, I think that un-
der nearly all circumstances honey
can be very profitably substituted for
syrups and molasses, and in many
cases it should be used where sugar is
now used. Although the first cost of
a gallon of honey is greater than that
of a gallon of poor molasses, I think
that in the long run the honey is the
cheaper.

Few people take into account the
number of hours of labor and pleasure
they lose in the course of a life-time,
consequent on their having partaken
of unwholesome food ; and again, the
writer cannot too strongly urge honey-
producers to handle nothing but a
clean, well-ripened article of extracted
honey.

East Le Roy, Mich.

SWARM-CATCHERS.

How to Make and Use them in
Securing Swarms.

Written Jw the American Bee Journal

BY ROBERT CARVER.

Having read in the Bee Journal
the various articles under the head of
" Swarm - Hivers," " Swarming - Bas-
kets," etc., and failing to see anything

that describes the kind of swarm-
catcher which I use, I write :

My swarm-catclier is simply a taper-
ing box, made of light material 4 feet
and 10 inches long, and 14 inches wide
by 19 inches high at the large end,
and 10 inches wide by 4 inches high
at the small end. The small end is so
made that it will fit over the entrance
to a hive. A wire-screen door fills the
large end ; the top and sides are mostly
covered with wire-screen ; the bottom
is covered with thin boards, and is
furnished with handles so that it can
be quickly adjusted to a hive. I have
20 of these swarm-catchers, which, in
swarming-time, I have scattered about
the yard so that they will be conven-
ient of access to any hive in the yard.

Now as to its operation : From 7
o'clock in the morning until 4 in the
afternoon, watch for swarms ; when a
swarm starts out a catcher is quickly
adjusted to the hive — the bees have no
other way only to go into the catcher.

When the bees have done issuing
from the hive, the catcher is taken
away, closing the end so that the bees
cannot get out. I then mark the num-
ber of the hive on the catcher, and
carry it to some convenient place out-
side of the yard ; the bees will soon
cluster in the catcher, and can be put
into a hive when convenient to do so,
which should be within a couple of
hours after swarming ; but in case I
am driven with swarming, I sometimes
leave them until nearly night before
hiving them.

In transferring the bees from the
catcher to the hive, spread a sheet on
the ground, place the hive on the
sheet (so that any scattering bees can
be shaken up to the hive), and take
out the screen door from the large end
of the catcher. Now take a few bees
from the cluster, and place them at
the entrance of the hive ; as soon as a
few bees get started in, thej- will give
the signal of entering, which all the
bees in the catcher will understand ;
then place them down in front of the
hive as fast as they can pass in. The
queen will usually find her way in with
the rest of the Isees without looking
after.

Twenty swarm-catchers is sulficient
for 150 colonies of bees. All that is
required then, is a sharp watch for
swarms, and all will be well.

Manton, Mich.

Chapman lloney-PIant Seed.—

This plant has been commended by some of
the most experienced bee keepers In
America, as being " a most valuable acqui-
sition to the list of bee-forage plants." The
seed may be scattered in waste places, or
it may be sown in drills or hills like onion
seed. We can furnish the seed, postpaid,
at the following prices : Single ounce, 40
cents; 4 ounces, SI. 00; 10 ounces, $2.00;
or one pound for $3.00.

COmVElVTION DIRECTORY.

1890. Time mid place of meeting.

July 17.— Carolina, at Charlotte, N. C.

N. P. Lyleii, Sec, Derlta N. C.

Sept. 10.— Ionia County, at Ionia, Mich.

H. Smith. Sec, lonia, Mich.

Oct. 29-31.— International American, at Keokuk. la.
C. P. Dadant, 8ec., Hamilton, Ills.

Oct.— Ml83oarl State, at Mexico, Mo.

J. W. Rouse. Sec, Santa Fe, Mo.

In order to have this table complete,

Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — The Editou.

International Bee-Association.

President— Hon. R. L. Taylor.. Lapeer, Mich.
Secretary— C. P. Dadant Hamilton, Ills.

National Bee-Keepers' Union.

President— James Heddon ..Dowag-iac, Mich.
Sec'y. and Manager— T. G. Newman, Chicago.

Sji^g^^^^

Death ofa L.a<ly Bee-Keeper,etc.

Miss A. B. Stone, for a number of years
a subscriber for the American Bee Jour-
nal, died on May 13, 1890, from the
effects of La Orippe.

The weather has been cold and dry all
the spring until the middle of May ; since
then it has been warm and rainy. Every
thing looks favorable for a good honey sea-
son, and the bees are in good condition for
the harvest. They are at work on pin-
cherry and wild peas. I had my first swarm
to-day. Wilber Stone.

Fall Creek, Wis., June 2, 1890.

Bees Uoin;; Splendidly.

My first swarm came out on May 27, and
the bees are doing splendidly now on dan-
delions and wild cherries. I had 14 colo-
nies left out of 77. I have bought some
bees, so I will commence with 31 colonies.
Over half of the bees failed to winter in
this county. I shall increase my apiary as
much as I can this season.

Fayette Lee.

Cokato, Minn., June 3, 1890.

<jiood Prospect for liVhite Clover.

I have 35 colonies in fair condition, but
a number would have starved ten days ago,
if I had not fed them. They are not as
strong now as they were one month ago,
but they are doing well on blackberry and
raspberry. The prospect for white clover
is good — it is beginning to blossom. I am
gi'eatly indebted to the American Bee
Journal for what I know about bee-keep-
ing. A. M. Laughlin.

Normal, lUs., May 31, 1890.

Large Colonies of Bees.

I have at the present time many power-
ful colonies of bees, as the result of the new
system of management. One of the best at
this time occupies 40 brood-combs, with
about 25 of brood. The number of bees is
something extraordinary, and it is safe to
say that it is the largest colony in the State
of Ohio. All who have seen it, pronounce
it the largest, and the strongest working

404

Tmm MT^mmi^MM mmm j0''pmhmi^.

kAmhm»,^LA

^^^■^ ^AJ

colony of bees they ever saw. The queen
is a Syrio-Albino, one year old, and al-
though the queens of this strain of bees are
highly prolific, it is not all in the queen.
The colony has not been fed, and has had
no care except as advised in my new book.

We have also had a very unfavorable
spring for breeding up, aud many colonies
about here have starved outright — one
man losing 14 colonies in May. The fruit-
bloom was scanty, aud seemed to have no
nectar. The weather has been cool, and
we have had an unprecedented fall of rain.

I think that the large colonies are due to
the form of the hive used, and the care
given, and not to any system of feeding, as
my largest colonies were not fed. I have
also d. monstrated, I think, that as large
colonies can be bred on frames 7x17 inches,
as on any larger size of frames.

G. L. Tinker, M.D.

New Philadelphia, O., June 4, 1890.

XCass^vood Stripped ot Lieavos.

The basswood is stripped of its leaves,
the worm having just gotten under good
headway on it. I would like to hear from
other bee-keepers in regard to the bass-
wood. Will it leave out again aud bloom i

My first swarm came out on May 33.
Who can beat that in Blue Earth County,
Minn. ? I had 8 swarms in May, and have
51 colonies at present. C. A. Goodell.

Mankato, Minn., June 5, 1890.

Expects a Liars-e Crop.

My bees never wintered better than they
did the past winter. I put them into the
cellar on Oct. 30, and took them out on
April 13 and 14, all having wintered well
but one colony that died. When I put them
into the cellar there were 3 or 3 colonies or
queens in one hive, and the next day I
found a queen dead at the entrance of the
hive. White clover looks fine, and I think
that we will have a big crop,

C. D. B.\RBEH.

Stockton, N. Y., May 31, 1890.

Colonies SIo-»v in Sv«'ai-niinsr*

Bees are not doing so well this year, due
to the cool weather we had iu April and the
first part of May ; also owing to rain during
the blossoming of the small fruit. The bees
have so far gathered very little honey ;
some colonies have, after clustering out,
destroyed queen-cells, and did not swarm.
One party keeping about 30 colonies has
had 10 swarms up to date, and this is the
best done in this part of the county. Some
with 30 to 40 colonies have not had a
swarm yet this spring. We are in hopes
that it will be better in one to two weeks,
as the white clover is beginning to bloom,
also blackberries, etc. Wm. Moersuel.

Homestead, Iowa. June 1, 1890.

Wintered >VeII.

Bees wintered well, though the consump-
tion of stores was the largest ever known ;
fortunately, they also had the largest sup-
ply I ever knew. The spring has been
backward, and the weather bad for bees.
White clover is beginning to bloom, and the
prospect is good for a fair crop of clover
honey. I had 3 colonies of bees to desert
their hives, leaving both honey and brood.
There were enough bees to have made good
colonies — in fact, many more than some
that are now strong and are storing honey.
With one or two more showers, we are
likely to have more swarms than we want,
though more are expected in ten days.

S. N. Black.

Clayton, Ills., May 30, 1890.

I^ectar Scarce— 'Wet Weather.

I wintered 31 colonies on the summer
stands, and all came out strong. They
killed their drones after fruit-blossoms.
Nectar is scarce at present, as it is wet all
the time. Corn planting is unfinished, and
late. Bees are in good condition for bass-
wood and clover. Some swarms have
issued for my neighbors ; I tried to keep
mine back, as I did not want to feed them.
I have not had a swarm to abscond in ten
years. P. Sheiudan.

Perrinton, Mich., June 4, 1890.

Still Feedin;; tlie Bees.

Bees are starving, yet I have lost none. I
had a swarm on May 30. I am feeding the
bees yet. Some have lost %, some ^.,, and
so on. T. C. Kelly.

Slippery Rock, Pa., June 3, 1890.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

NEW YORK, June 5.— There is no comb
honey on the market, but a small stock of
basswood extracted aud California; new South-
ern extracted is arriving, but the quality is
mostly inferior. We quote: Extracted bass-
wood and California, 7o; Southern, 6.5(5)70c
per gallon. Beeswax, scarce at aGQSSc.
HILDKETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,

28-30 West Broadway.

CHICAGO, June 4.— Demand continues good
for strictly white clover honey, and our re-
ceipts are being taken as fast as they arrive.
What little stock we have, consists of buck-
wheat in 1 and 2-lb. sections, which is dull
and slow sale. We quote: White clover l-lbs.,
12!2@13Hc; buckwheat, 7@9c. Beeswax very
scarce at 25@26c for bright, and 236ji24c for
dark. S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY. June 5.— The receipts of the
old crop of comb houe.i- have been quite liberal
the last two weeks, Demand lighter, dealers
only buying one case at a time. We quote:
White l-lbs., 13<§<14c; dark l-lbs.. 10@12c.
Extracted, very slow sale; white, oSGc; dark,
5c. No beeswax in the market.

CLEMONS. CLOON & CO.,

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

CHICAGO, June 5.— Demand is now very
light for comb honey, and will be for the
ensuing two months. There is not much on
the market, and very little ot it is in desirable
shape for the retail trade, being in supers and
just as removed from the Jjive. Best brings
13@14c, and off-grades about 10c. Extracted,
6@8c. Beeswax, yellow, 27*5 28c.

R. A. BURNETT, 161 S. Water St.

MILWAUKEE, June 2. — The market for
honey is in a fair condition. The old stock is
getting out of sight, and values are sustained
on choice qualities. We quote: Choice white
1-lb. sections. 13(a!l4c; medium l-lbs., ll®12c;
dark l-lbs.. 9@10c; 2-lhs., normal. Extracted,
in barrels and half barrels, white, 7@8c; dark,
6®6Hc. Beeswax. 26@30c.

A. V. BISHOP. 142 W, Water St,

KANSAS CITY, May2.— The honey market is
cleaned up. We quote: l-lbs. white, 12@13c.;
2-lbs. white, 10@11. Dark l-lbs., SigilOc: dark
2-lbs., 8@9c. Extracted, white. 6ig 6J4c. ; dark,
5c. Demand good. Waiting for the new crop.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS. 514 Walnut St.

DENVER. May 5.— One-pound sections. 14®
16c; extracted, 7(ai9c. Demand good and sup-
ply likely to be exhausted before the new
crop comes in. Beeswax, 22®25c.

J. M. CLARK COM. CO.. 1517 Blake St,

DETROIT. June 3.— Best white comb honey.
13@14c; other grades. 10@13c, Extracted,
slow demand at 7®8c. Beeswax, 27@28c,

M. H, HUNT, BeU Branch. Mich,

CINCINNATL May 1,— Demand is slow for
comb honey at 10®14c, No choice white on
the market. Extracted is in good demand at
5@8c. Stock is low.

Beeswax is in good demand at 22@26c. for
good to choice yellow, C, F, MUTH & SON.
Corner Freeman & Central Aves,

AL.FRE;U H. NEWIVIAIV,

BUSINESS manager,
LZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ3

Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should notify us at once.

Money in Potatoes, by Mr, Joseph

Greiner. Price, 25 cents, postpaid. For sale
at this office.

1^" Send us one iKE^V subscriber, with
$1.00, and we wiU present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

|[^~ Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price *1. 00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

m^" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.

m^'" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

{fW Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

II^~ Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jour-
nal at $1.85 for the two; or with both our
Home Journal and Bee Journal for $3.50
for all three papers.

1^^ As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write American Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay,

^^ Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

'• 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 25

•' 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

HtW When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book,
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

ffi^- We offer the Monthly PhOadelphia
Farm Journal, and either the American
Bee Journal or Illustrated Home Jour-
nal for one year, for the small sum of $1 . 20.
Or, we will nlvc it free for one year to any
one who will send us one new subscriber for
either of our Journals with $1,00 (the sub-
scription price) .

Tmm mwimmicKn mu^ jommTvni^,

405

CL,IIBHir««i L,ISX.

"We Cliil> the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the I j AST
column. The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's suliscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book :

Price of both. Club

The American Bee Journal $1 00

and Gleaninfc's in Bee-Culture 2 00 175

Bcc-Kcepers' Guide 1 ."lO. .. 140

Bee-Keepers' Review 150.. . 140

The Apiculturist 175 165

Bee-Keepers' Advance 150 140

Canadian Bee Journal 2 00 ... ISO

The 7 above-named papers 5 25 5 00

and Lang-stroth Revised (Dadant) 3 00 2 75

Cook's MauuaU1887 edition) 2 25.. . 2 00

Quinby's New Bee-Keeping-. 2 50 2 25

DoolitMe on Queen-Rearing. 2 00 175

Bees and Houe.v (Newman).. 2 00 175

BinderforAm. Bee Journal. 160 150

Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth). .3 00.... 2 00
Hoot's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25 ... . 210

Farmer's Account Book 4 00 2 20

Western World Guide 150.... 1.30

Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150 140

A Tear Among the Bees 1 50 1 3,5

Convention Hand-Book 150. .. 130

Weekly Inter-Ocean 2 00.... 175

Toronto Globe (weekly) 2 00 170

History of National Society. 150 125

American Poultry Journal.. 2 25 150

The Lever (Temperance) 2 00 175

I>o mot send to us for sample copies
of any other papers. Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.

CATARRH.

CATARRHAL DEAFNESS-HAY FEVER.

A New Home Treatment.

Sufferers are not generally aware that
these diseases are contagious, or that they
are due to the presence of living parasites
in the lining membrane of the nose and
eustachian tubes. Microscopic research,
however, has proved this to be a fact, and
the result of this discovery is that a simple
remedy has been formulated whereby
catarrh, catarrhal deafness and hay fever
are permanently cured in from one to three
simple applications made at home by the
patient once in two weeks.

N. B. — This treatment is not a snuflE or an
ointment; both have been discarded by
reputable physicians as injurious. A
pamphlet explaining this new treatment is
sent free on receipt of stamp to pay pos-
tage, by A. H. Dixon & Son, 337 and 339
West King Street, Toronto, Canada.—
Christian Advocate.

Sufferers from Catarrhal troubles should
carefully I'ead the above.
50E26t Iraly.

• nandlins- Bees.— This is the title of
a nice pamphlet containing 28 pages and a
cover, published by Chas. Dadant & Son.
It is a chapter from their book, Langstroth
Revised, and is an excellent thing for be-
ginners. Price, 8 cts. For sale at this office.

REAMS

Of this Journal ivho
«'rlle to any of our
advertisers using its
columns, either In ordering or asking
inforniation regarding the coniiuodlty
offcred, will favor the publishers by
stating tliejf saw the .Idvertisement in
this i>aper.

WINDER'S

IMPROVED

FEED mmm

is a novel and in-
f^euiously arran-
ged Grinding
^lill, made to at-
tach to 10 or 12
it P u m plug
Wind-Mills, oper-
ated by an elbow
attached to main
pumping rod iu
such a manner
that it can be at-
tached or detach-
ed iu a minute,
so that you can either pump or gi'ind, or do
both at the same time. It works with a
reciprocating lever, so arranged that it
grinds on the up-motiou of the Wind-Mill.
The Wrinder consists of a double-metal case
and 3 burrs, two remaining stationary and
one revolving in the center, producing a
double-grinding siu-face, two-fold greater
than any other known to the world, and
will grind more than the ordinary farmer
needs. It can be changed from grinding
coarse to fine by simply turning one nut.
Price, $>30. We will present one of these
Feed Grinders to any one who will send us
75 subscribers, at SI. 00 each.

Ooolittle on <|iieen-Reai-ins'.

Queens can be reared in the upper stories
of hives used for extracted honey, where a
queen-excluding honey -board is used, which
are as good, if not superior, to Queens
reared by any other process; and that, too,
while the old Queen is doing duty below,
just the ^ame as though Queens were not
being reared above. This is a fact, though
it is not generally known.

If you desire to know how this can be
done — how to have Queens fertilized in up-
per stories, while the old Queen is laying
below — how you may safely introduce any
Queen, at any time of the year when bees
cay fly— all about the different races of
bees — all about shipping Queens, queen-
cages, candy for queen-cages, etc. — all
about forming nuclei, multiplying or unit-
ing bees, or weak colonies, etc. ; or, in fact
everything about the queen-business which
you may want to know, send for " Doolit-
tle's Scientific Queen-Rearing;" a book of
170 pages, which is nicely bound in cloth,
and as interesting as a story. Price, $1.00.

SW Tjg next meeting of the Carolina Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will be held in Charlotte. N. C, on
Thursday, July 17, 1890. N. P. Lyles, Sec.

JAPANESE BUCKWHEAT Z^ni^l'-l

bushels for $1.75 — iu bag's.

Address. A. C. BITGBE'E,

24Alt LOCHIEL, Benton, Co., IND.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

NflTTPT^ That my FOUNDATION is low
ilU 1 lUIL in price, and high in quality.
For Brood, 40c; for Sections, 50c per pound.
Send for Samples.

24A4t WIIiBER G. FISH, Ithaca, N.Y.
Mention the American Bee Jowmal.

♦^EiglitlivE(litioii^.lustvl'iil)lisli(i(l'<*

!\e>v and Kevi.wetl lOtlilion

BEES i HONEY,

Olt TIIK

Management of the Apiary

FOR PLEASURE AND PROFIT

— )iV—

THOMAS Gr. NEWMAN,

Editor of tlie American Bee Journal.

This edition has been largely re-written,
thoroughly revised, and is "fullv up with the
times" in all the improvements and inventions
in th is rapidly-developinfr pursuit. and presents
the apiarist with everything* that can aid in
the successful management of an apiary, and
at the same lime produce the most houe.v in
an attractive condition. It contains 1250
pages and 245 illustrations — is beautifully
printed in the highest st,vle of the art, and
bound in cloth, gold lettered. Price, $1.00—
postpaid.

LiBEH.\L Discount to dealers, by the dozen
or hundred.

THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,
246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

It^" This new edition of our Bees axd
Honey will be given as a Premium for only
tliree new !«iibscri Iters, with S3.00;
or clubbed with the this Jourxal for $1.75.

Bee -Hives, Sections, &c.

On and after Feb. 1, 1890, we will sell our
No. 1 V-groove Sections in lots of 500 as fol-
lows: Less than 2,000 at $3.50 per thousand:
2,000 to 5,000 at $3.00 per thousand. Write
for special i)rices on larger quantities. No. 2
Sections $2.00 per thousand. Send for Price-
List for other Supplies. Address,

J. STAUFFER & SONS,

(Successors to B. J. Miller & Co.)
31Atf NAPPANEE, IND.

SECTION PRESS.

WE are now prepared to furnish Wakeman
& Crocker's PRESS for pntting to-
gether Oiie-Plece Sections— at wholesale
and retail. Price, $2.00, by express. By the
dozen— rate given upon application.

THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO. ILL.

130 sffi HIVES

With 6-inch Caps. FOR SALE. Nailed and
painted, ready for use. Brood Friimes, 11x17
inches. On board the cars here .at $2.50 per
hive. Order at once.

Address, CHAS. AUSTIN.
64^41 Wright Street, - ENGLEWOOD, ILL.

BEES FOR SALE!

Wllil. sell very cheap my entire outfit of
10 strong colonies of Bees, estra Hives
Supers, Sections, etc. '

F. 1VARDEE.I. TAYliOR,

24A2t LANGHORNE. PA.

t1 ftftO ^^ *^9h^ '"'" ''<' ^^'^' *l-00 bill sent
.fl,WV us wUl bring you in return, prepaid,
a Golden Bo.x containing 30 useful articles
together with .$20.00 in C IMoney. A sure
thing. Address, ART AGENCY
.6M3t— 24A6t Box 950, Circleville,' Ohio

406

Tmm fEMEKicsH mmM jq^kkkilt.

^QuarE Homy Qans

Carniolan Bees!

Pleasantest Bees iu tUe World.
Hardiest to Winter.

Best Honej-Gatlierers.

In order to introduce not only the bees but
our paper,

"THE ADVANCE,"

We offer to any one who will send us 11.2.'), a
copy ot our paper and a nice Carniolan Queen.
The" Queen alone is worth $2.00. Address,

"THE ADVANCE," MechanlcFalls, Me.

16Ett
Mention the American Bee Journal.

The above illustration shows the 60 pound
Squire Honey Cans which are becoming
quite popular for shipping extracted honey.
They are enclosed in
,a solid case of wood,
land the boxes contain
either one or two Cans
I as may be preferred.

We can furnish them
Jat the following prices,
Iwith a 13'o-inch Screw
I Cap in the corner of
Beach Can.

For the convenience
llof digging out candied
honey, we can furnish
^ these Cans with an

additional four-inch Screw Cap for 5 cents
extra on each Can.

1 Single Can .... (boxed) * .45

12 " Cans... " 5-00

100 " " ... " 40,00

1 box of two Cans "'^

13 boxes " „8-t0

100 " " 65.00

THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

A NEW DISCOVERY !

THE Conimoii-Sense Honey-Extractor
is strictly scientific, powerful, durable,
handy, clean and rapid, and differs from all
others, and is cheajjcr than the cheapest at
slaughter prices. Circulars Free.

REV. A. R. SEAmAN,

NEW CUMBERLAND, Hancock Co., W. VA.

22E3t
Mention thcAn^rrlcan Bee Journal.

COMBINED

ANVIL, VISE m DRILL

The Handiest Tool in Use about a
FARM, SHOP, OFFICE OB HOUSE.

The Lever.

THE NATIONAL

TEMFEICANCE NEWSFAPEB.

Ex-Gov. John P. St. John, Chief Editoriiil
Writer, assisted by Mrs. Helen M. Gougar
and Rev. Dr. A. J. Jutkins.

Bright! Newsy I and Enterprising!
VOU SHO»'l.D READ IT.

Only One Dollar per year. Send for Sample
Copy.

Center- Lever Co.

123 La Salle street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

i:JA13t— 4M3t

WHEN Answering this advertisement, mention this jouhnav..

SOMETHING NEW,

Our 18tni 16-page Circular of Bee-KeeperB" Supplies.
Send name on a Postal Card. Address,
6Ett JNO. NEBEL & SON. HiKb Hill, Mo.

Mention the American Bee Jnurnal.

RCC-SUPPLIESrHr

^^ k !■ We furnish Everything needed
in the Apiary, of practical con-
struction, and at the lo^vest priee. Satisfac-
tion guaranteed. Send for our 40-page illus-
trated Catalogue— free to all. Address,

E. Kretclimer, Red Oak, Iowa.

5Ant— 14E9t

WHEN answering THIS ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAL.

Price, Complete, $4.00.

The Drill Attachment can be put on or taken
off instantly. Farmeis especially will find it
of great convenience to be able to drill a hole
through a piece of Iron without making a trip
to town. The Anvil and Vise combine strength
and durability, the whole making one of the
most complete and useful tools. Width of
Jaw, l?i inches.

THOMAS G. NEWMAN te SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

1 1. friiAi.A I One Untested Italian Queen, 7.5c.,
All, inWOl 3 for 12.00; Tested, $1..50. One
Untested Carniolan Queen, $1.00, 3 for $2..50;
Tested, $2.00. Hees by the pound and Nucleus.
Send for Prico-List. Reference— First National
Bank. H. G. FRAME, North Manchester, Ind.
22Etf
Mention the American Bee Journal.

Scientific (|iieeii-Reariiig

AS PRACTICAIiLY APPLIED;

Being a Method by which the very best of

CJueen-Bees are reared in perfect accord

with Nature's Way ; by

G. M. DOOLITTLE.

In this book the author details the results
of his Experiments in Rearing Queen-Bees for
the past four or five years, and is the first
to present his discoveries to the World.

Bound in Cloth— 176 pages— Price, $1.00,
postpaid ; or, it will be Clubbed with the
American Bee Journal one year, for $1.7.5—
with the Illustrated Home Journal, for $1.75 ;
or the two Journals and the Book for $2.50.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Tlift l>i.;/Tlifniif 5-bandcd, Golden ITALIAN
1110 DllgllWJM Bees and Queens, and the
Reddest DRONES. Very gentle; very pro-
lific; good honev-gathcrers— working on red
elover-and the MOST l>A.iiififi|l BEES in ex-
istence! Took First IMiluUIUI Fremliiiu
at Michigan State Fair in 1889. Samples, 5c.,
and money returned it they are not extra nice.
Untested Queens, *1.00; six for $5.00.
Tested (at least 3 bands), $2.00 ; Selected, tested
(4 hands) $3 ; Breeding Queens (4 to 5 bands),
$6 00. Virgin Queens, .ii) L-cnts; 5 for $2.00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed.
JACOB T. TIMPE,
18E8t tJraud Iiedse, Mich.

Mention (hi American Bee Journal.

Ol'

-PIECE V-«KOOVE SECTIONS

by return train. $;!.50 per M. Circular.
li. J. Tripp, Kalamazoo, Mich.

1-lE.tl „

Mention the Amcruan Bee Journal.

1890 ITALIAN (jUEENS 1890

SIX vouug Queens, warranted purely-mated
for $5 00. English Rabbits, $1.00 per pair.
Mammoth Bronze Turkey Eggs, 25c.; 9 for
$2.00. Write for Circular.
14Etf J. T. WILSON, Little Hickman, Ky.

WHEN Answering this advertisement, mention this journal.

BEESWAX WANTED.

Beeswax.— We will pay 87 cents per

pound, in Cash, for Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
ered here.

t^" To avoid mistakes, the name of the
shipper should always be on each package.

THOS. G. NEWMAN &. SON,

246 East M»dl«on Street, CHICAGO, ILLe,

PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION

HAS NO SAG IN BKOOD FRAMES.

THIN FLAT BOTTOM FOUNDATION

Has no Fisli-buiie in Surplus Honey.

Being tlie cleanest is asually worked

the quickest of any Foundation made.

J. VAN DEUSEN A: SONS,

Sole Manufacturers,

Sprout Brook, Montgomery Co., N. Y.

lAtf

Mention the American Bee Journal-

r ARNioLAN ?r^d^^^co*i^^^f,f-

I son from Imported Mothers, will be ready
L^ to send out the 1st of June. Send for
FHEE Circular, to JOHN ANDREWS, Pattens
Mills, Wash. Co., N. Y. lOEtl

Mention the American Bee Journal.

BEE-KEEPEKS' SUPPIilES!

WE are prepared to furnish bee-keepers
with Supplies pniuiptlv, and at greatly
reduced rates. Estimates gladly furnished,
and correspondence solicited. Our goods are
unexcelled in quality and workmanship.

Italian Queens and Bees at a very low
price Send for large illustrated Price-List,
free. Alley's Queen aho Dkone-Trap and
SwARM-HiVER always on hand.

A. F. STAUFFER & CO.,

40Etf STERLING, Whiteside Co., ILL.

ilfCTifio?i the American Bee Journal.

NEW ONE-POUND HONEY PAIL.

THIS new •lie of onr Tapering
Honey Pails Is of uniform design
with the other sizes, having the top
edge turned over, and has a ball or
handle,— making it very convenient
to carry. It is well-made and, when
filled with honey, makes a novel and
attractive small package, that can
mMMuiuMiH be sold for 20 cents or less. Many
coniumSrrwlll buy It in order to give the children*
handsome toy pall. Price. tS centi per doEen.
or W5.00 perlOO.

THOS. G. NEWMAN. & SON,

246 East Madison-Street, - CHICAGO, ILLS

T'HI^ ^li^MMICMm MMM J&^SMHXLi,

411

^■'■^^■^^^

-'■—•■—-■^'—•■—'

THOS. G . NEWMAN ^ SON, ;

TH091AS G. I^E^VilIAIV,

IDITOR.

Vol. nvi, Jnne 21, 1890, No. 25,

Fiillier Liangstrotli, when we last
heard from his daughter, was very feeble
and depressed in spirits. He cannot be
with us very much longer, and it should be
regarded as an esteemed privilege, as well
as a fraternal duty, to contribute to his
comfort during the short time he will
linger among us.

Some years ago quite a number of
apiarists subscribed to a fund creating a
life annuity for our aged friend and bene-
factor. The time has come now for these
subscriptions to be paid for another year,
and we hope that every one will forward
to him the amount subscribed. We sub-
scribed s=25 to that fund, and have this
week sent him the amount for the coming
year. We mention this to induce others to
follow at once. Address, Rev. L. L. Lang-
stroth, 928 Steele avenue, Dayton, O.

Some few have not yet sent him the
amount for the past year ; let such act at
once and relieve their consciences, as well
as make others glad. New subscribers to
the annuity are solicited.

MeTastatin;; Floods, waterspouts,
cloud bursts, and thunder storms have
lately prevailed all over the Northwest,
destroying crops, ruining houses, killing
live-stock, and spreading desolation every-
where. Man}' apiaries have been destroyed
in the general ruin, but the full extent of
the loss cannot yet be determined— those
in Iowa, Illinois, Ohio and Kentucky have
been the greatest sufferers.

^Vhiltier. Holmes and Tennyson, the
three illustrious "Octogenarian Poets," are
discussed by George Makepeace Towle in a
charming literary paper, which leads off
'■ Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly " for
July. Some admirable portraits and views
illustrate it.

Rev. Steplien Roese. of Maiden
Rock, Wis., who was recently injui'ed by
an accident, is recovering slowly, which his
many friends will lie pleased to learn. In
a letter written on June 1-4, he says :

My condition is still a critical one. The
bone-breaks are knitted together, and do
not pain me any more, but the foot or
ankle-joint still looks and feels badly, for
the joint is stove iu on one side of the foot,
and out on the other, with the cap broken
in two pieces. It is hard to lie here and
see my bees swarm off for the woods, and
no one to attend to them; but I must be
patient and submit, as there is no one here
that can handle bees, and my family fear
the stings, as it poisons them badly, so
they cannot go near them.

I have just received Der Dienenvata- aus
Dochmen, and from it I translate the fol-
lowing items for the Amekican Bee Jouk-
NAi^ :

By order of the government of Hungaro-
Austria, a " model apiary " is to be estab-
lished at each teachers' seminary in the
country, with Wdnderlehrers (traveling
teachers) of bee keepers' associations as
instructors, for the purpose of making
teachers leaders tor the people in apicul-
ture ; and in so doing, add pleasure and
profit to their occujjation. This is an ex-
ample worthy of imitation.

For the promotion of home bee-culture,
the government of Baden, Germany, appro-
priated, in 18S9. 3,000 marks; in 1890,
3,300 marks; andfor 1891, 5,700 marks.

These are positive proofs that European
governments do not look upon bee-keeping
as a "nuisance." Stephen Roese.

Farmer's Bulletin No. 2, issued by
the Department of Agriculture, through
the Office of Experiment Stations, is now
ready for distribution. This Bulletin pre-
sents in a brief and practical form some of
the more important results of the work
done at sundry Experiment Stations. The
subjects presented in this Bulletin are better
cows, the effect of heat and cold on milk,
silos and silage, alfalfa, and field experi-
ments with fertilizers. The Bulletin is a
handy 16-page pamphlet, prepared es-
pecially, as the title indicates, for the
information of the practical farmer, con-
densing for its use the results given on the
subjects indicated in Bulletins issued from
time to time during the past year by the
various Stations where these subjects have
been the object of special experiment work.
Application should be made to the Secre-
tary of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. A
considerable portion of the edition will also
be distributed through members of Con-
gress.

Like all other supply-dealers, we
have experienced an unprecedented "rush"
during this season, and as a result we have
not been able to get some lines of goods
fast enough to All orders as promptly as is
our custom. We are doing the best we can
to satisfy all, and are shipping all the goods
we can obtain the moment they come to
hand. We hope to be able to clean up all
orders now on hand in a few days, and then
to resume our usual promptness for which
we have a wide-spread reputation.

I'oor l*i-<iN|ie<rt tor lloiify in

I^ew V4»rk Our reports so far received

show that tlie bees in central and western
of New York are in veiy poor condition.
The latest just received as these forms are
closing is from Mr. W. M. Barnum, of
Angelica, N. Y., and reads thus :

Bees are in a precarious condition in this
vicinity, being almost upon the verge of
starvation. For some weeks past they
have been living from "hand to mouth,"
just procuring enough for their daily needs,
and nothing more ; consequently brood-
rearing has been greatly held back.
Italians are doing the best, while Carnio-
lans are so cross that an iron-clad man-of-
war could not stand before them I But
" every cloud has a silver linging," and I
would keep bees if they never produced
another pound of honey. — W. M. Bauxum.

Xhe LianKStrolh, and not the

" Quinby " style of hives, was intended in
describing the large hives used by Mr. S. J.
Youngman, on page 388 ; and that all of his
hives " have either 8 or else 16 frames
each." The " L " used to indicate the word
"Langstroth," looking so much ]ike a " Q "
in the manuscript, and the figures being
indistinct also, it is no wonder the mistakes
were made by the printer. If all corres-
pondents would only im'lte plainly, and
spell out the words, instead of using the
misleading abbreviations, such errors as
the above would seldom, if ever, occur.

Odd Sizes of sections, brood-frames,

crates, etc., are simply impossible to get
made now during "the rush." If people
will use anything besides the regular stock,
they should have them made in the winter,
and keep them on hand ready for use when
needed. All dealers and manufacturers
are now behind with their regular orders,
and none will now take an order for a
special size — so those who use such, and
have not laid in a stock in advance, will
have to do without them, and learn a les-
son which will cost them more or less of
their crop of honey.

Bee-Keeping for Profit, by Dr.

G. L. Tinker, is a new 50-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted honey, and the construction of
the hive best adapted to it — his "Nonpareil. ' '
The book can be had at this office for 35c.

For Wlioiii a Paper is Printed.

—It is worth remembering that no news-
paper is printed especially for one person.
People who become greatly displeased with
something they find in a newspaper should
remember that the very thing that dis-
pleases them is exactly that thing that
will most please somebody that has just as
much interest in the paper as they have.
It takes all kinds of people to make the
world, we are told, and the patrons of a
newspaper are made up of the elements of
the world.— Paci^^c Clipper.

412

THE aMERiesH mmw j©iKKi*s;i'.

Of If]

'\riiile ill Itiiltalo recentl3', Mr. R.
P. Holtermauu visited about 15 stores aud
a*ed f jr honey. The clerlis, in each case,
called it " strained." He thus comments in
Gleanin:itt upon his visit to the largest
grocery house in the city :

When the young man in attendance
found out I kept bees, and knew honey, he
asked me it the comb honey in their store
was really genuine. I then read him your
offer about the manufacture of comb honey,
aud the efforts of the American bee-periodi-
cals to stamp out the erroneous idea that
comb honey could be manufactured.

Surely, a man cannot attain to the great-
est success iu the sale of goods if he has no
confidence in them ; and surely, in that
large establishment, on Main street, Buf-
falo, a man understanding his goods, aud
selecting them judiciously, could surprise
the proprietor by the amount of sales
which could be effected iu comb and ex-
tracted honey alone ; and, on the other
hand, what an outlet would be secured for
the bee-keeper's honey !

The extracted honey shown by this store
has been packed in a large packinghouse.
I will not say it was impure, but it was not
good ; and owing to the fact that it had
passed through several hands, the price
was higher than would be necessary if it
had passed from the bee-keeper direct into
the hands of the retailer.

This matter is surely important. The
next question is, " How shall it lie reme-
died ?" The question is a difficult one. If
a store could be induced to subscribe for a
good, live bee-paper, much could be done
to educate the salesman. Bee-keepers, too,
should be wide awake, and instruct the
parties to whom they sell their honey, and
place them in a position to refute state-
ments in.iurious to the sale of honey. An
instance; A customer comes in and says,
"I would buy that honey, only there is so
much manufactured at the present day, I
fear yours may be." The clerk, who is
doubtful himself, will, it he is conscien-
tious, shut his mouth ; if not, he may say,
"This is not manufactured," etc. But if
he can say with confidence, " It cannot be
manufactured," and show there is a reward
of Sl.OOO ofl'ered for the manufactured
article, which has never been claimed, then
be is likely to convince his customers, and
effect a sale.

These are questions which commend
themselves to bee-keepers to answer to their
satisfaction. There is a vast work to be
done to educate the people about honey-
its nature and uses. A few Honey Alma-
nacs would do a valuable work in Buffalo,
as well as every other city on the continent,
to inform the general public. Bee-men
should judiciously distribute them by
thousands, and thus aid the work— build up
their home markets, and create a demand
for pure honey.

Hiinling Bee-Xrees.— How to suc-
cessstuUy discover bee-trees %vas once con-
sidered quite a rural accomplishment, and
many a modernized bee-keeper takes great
pleasure in recounting his exploits in secur-
ing his first colony of bees from the woods.
There are still localities— even in our own
thickly-populated country — where much
interest is manifested in hunting trees con-
taining bees, and the necessary preparation
for the bee-hunter, as well as the manner
of locating the tree, are described in the
following paragraph, which we take from
an exchange :

The outfit of the hunter for wild bees
consists of a box of matches, some old
honey -comb, and a smaU box with a draw
cover, and a little comb honey in it. Pro-
ceeding on a warm, still, fair day to within
a quarter of a mile from the woods, he pro-
poses to test, and iu the open field he build.-j
a fire and heats two flat stones. Placing
one of the heated stones on a convenient
stump or rock, he puts on that a piece of
old comb and covers it with the other hot
stone, and then draws the lid of the box
part way out, first placing it near the
burning comb, the scent of which attracts
the bees, and they alight on the comb
honey. Gorging themselves, they disap-
pear. The first ones to leave rise high in
the air, but as they come thicker and faster,
they take a "bee-line" from the box to
their tree. The hunter notes this line by
some large tree in the woods. He then
closes the lid. shutting the bees, and pro-
ceeds to a spot to seek a line at a right
angle to the first line. Opening the box,
the imprisoned bees depart directly to their
trees. Having this " cross line," he follows
it u|> to the point where it Intersects the
fli-st line, and there he finds the " bee-tree."

' Frank Leslie's Illustrated News-
paper" for the week ending June l-l, con-
tains the "Song of the Steeple," written
expressly for its pages by Monroe H. Rosen-
feld, author of " With all her Faults, I Love
her Still." This song is one of the most
spirited and delightful which this popular
composer has produced.

Xlie Kis'litli Edition of our book,
entitled " Bees and Honey, or the Manage-
ment of the Ai)iary for Pleasure and
Profit," is now published, and ready for
delivery. This edition has been largely
re-written, thoroughly revised, and is
"fully up with the times" in all the
improvements and inventions in this
rapidly-developing pursuit, and presents
the apiarist with everything that can aid
in the successful management of an apiary
and at the same time produce the most
honey in an attractive condition. It con-
tains 250 pages, and 245 illustrations— is
beautifully printed in the highest style of
the art, and bound iu cloth, gold lettered.
Price, $1.00, postpaid.

Here are some of the earliest comments
on this new edition :

" Bees and Honey '' was received by us a
few da5-s ago : it isflrst-class, aud up to the
times, indeed.— Chas. P. Muth & Son,
Cincinnati, O.

" Bees and Honey," by Mr. Thomas G.
Newman. New, revised edition, fully
illustrated. A most complete manual on
the honey-bee, care and management,
honey-plants, etc.— Prairie Fanner.

The latest edition of " Bees and Honey "
is received. It is a gem in literature, and I
consider it the finest work on the subject
extant. The portraits are alone worth the
money. The magniticent engravings are
the wonder of the old-time bee-keeper.— S.
J. Youngmau, Lakeview, Mich.

I am glad to see the improvement in
the new edition of " Bees and Honey."
New editions are needed to keep up with
the march of improvement, and I wish we
had twice as many good books as we now
have. You are wise enough to know that
whatever the contents of a book, there is
an added pleasure in having a good feel to
its pages.— C. C. Miller, Marengo, Ills.

When turning the leaves of my copy of

the new edition of your book, entitled

" Bees and Honey," I was much pleased to

find in it the portraits of so many of the

leading apiculturists, and unexpectedly

I found my own among them. I am sure I

! can never pay you for the honor you have

I done me.— Eugene Secor, ForestCity, Iowa.

We are in receipt of a new and revised
edition of " Bees and Honey," by Thomas
G. Newman.of the Ajiekk ax Bee Joukn-il.
Mr. Newman is thoroughly familiar with
his subject, and with the aid of 250 illus-
trations gives this work a highly useful aud
practical treatise on bees and kindred
topics. We notice portraits of several of
the Storkman's valued contributors in the
gallery of noted bee-men.— A'af'l StocJiinan.

The eighth edition of " Bees and Honey "
is received. I must sa}' it is the most ex-
tensively illustrated, neatly printed, and
beautifully executed of the works now pub-
lished on apiculture. It is a perfect store-
house of valuable information in our art
both ancient and modern, and is highly
creditable to the auth<ir. What a hercu-
lean task to get out such a book, aud all for
the sum of one dollar. I prize the book
very highly.— Dr. G. L. Tinker, New Phila-
delphia, Ohio.

Anew (the eighth) edition of the well-
known work, " Bees and Honey, or the
Management of an Apiary for Pleasure and
Profit," thoroughly revised and largely re-
written, is sent to us by Mr. Thomas G.
Newman, author and publisher, 2-16 East
Madison Street, Chicago. It is a duodecimo
volume of 250 pages, adorned with a great
number of illustrations (including por-
traits of all the chief students of the bee,
living and dead), and neatly bound in cloth.
The price is 61.— CoKiifri/ Gentleinan.

I have carefully examined the revised
edition of " Bees and Honey," and I find it,
like everything else which' comes from the
office of " the old reliable " Amekii ax Bee
JoiRXAL, "fully up with the times." The
painstaking care with which all your work
is done, is here manifest, reference being
made both to the subject matter and the
mechanical execution of the work. It is a
valuable addition to the literature of bee-
keeping, and I cheerfully commend it to
any one wishing a practical manual of the
art.— N. W. McLaiu, St. Anthony Park,Minn.

The new edition of " Bees and Honey " is
received. It is an excellent work, with
nothing lacking in perfection and beauty,
and will speak for itself to the mmd of
every reader. It is well worthy of a large
circulation. I shall use it as my daily
hand-book, and recommend it to bee-keep-
ers with whom I come iu contact. It is
cheering to notice the countenances of the
many masters of the art, whose able arti-
cles aid apiculturists through the columns
of the Ameiucan Bee Jourxal.— Stephen
Roese, Maiden Rock, Wis.

The 8th edition (revised) of " Bees and
Honey "is on my desk, and a gem it is:
printed on paper of the finest finish, and
with the clearest of type, fully up to the_
times, profusely and beautifully illustratea
—making it, as an album alone, worth the
dollar charged for the liook. In answering
the many inquiries as to the best bee-
books, I "shall be proud to place it at the
head —Geo. E. Hilton, Fremont. Mich.

Tmm m^mmmicKn wmm jQusmmmi*.

413

■•*^-^-*--*--^--^-WfcJ

h^mAm^'^'--^'-^»^AmAm^mAm^mAm^mAm(kmAmAm*,t

Fi;a:s oi Xliistles.

Oh, ye, with hurried steps and ciireless,
Who crush the lair, sweet flowers of spring,

Think you. in autumn, cold and cheerless.
They'll sweetest perfume round you tiing ?

Think you the harsh words rudely spoken,
And thought as " trifles light as air."

Will heal your wounded heart, when broken
And crushed hy woes you cannot bear ?

Think you, the early friends of childhood.

Who sprinjz about our path like flowers.
As sweet and pure as from the wildwood.

And nourished by soft April showers-
Will love us when the shades of evening

Are falling fast round heart and brain.
If in our youth we, thoughtless, leave them.

Nor seek their friendship to retain ?

O. ye who pluck the apple-blossom,

Its subtle fragrance to inhale.
Think not pure, spotless fruit to gather

From withered blossoms cold and pale.

—PATSY SHAMBUKGER.

mms % Replies,

Extracting; from SliaMow Combs
BiiiU from Starters.

Written for the American Bee Journal

Query 713. — If bees are allowed to build
comb in frames -i'^ inches deep, with only
a 1 -inch strip of foundation for a starter,
can the same be extracted without breaking
the combs? — New York.

Yes. — M. Mahin.

Yes. — R. L. Tatlok.

Yes.— J. P. H. Brown.

Yes. — G. M. DooLiTTLE.

Yes. — Mrs. L. Harrison.

Yes. — Dadant & Son.

Certainly. — A. B. Mason.

I think so. — C. C. Miller.

Yes. The bees will fasten the whole to
the sides. — A. J. Cook.

Yes, except when the combs are new and
tender. — Eugene Secor.

With ordinary care, you will not break a
comb. — H. D. Cutting.

Yes, if firmly fastened along the entire
bottom. — Will M. Barnum.

Certainly, if ordinary care is used in
running the extractor. — C. H. Dibbern.

That is owing to how well the bees have
filled the frame, and how hot the weather
is when you handle them. It is dangerous.
— J. M. Hambaugh.

Yes; and it can be safely done with a
deeper frame, if the wood composing the
frame is not over one inch wide all the way
around. All closed-end brood-frames should
be wired, but a plain Langstroth brood-
frame not over 7 inches deep, needs no
wire. — G. L. Tinker.

Yes, if care is used. I have now some
frames of comb that were built before
foundation was thought of, that can be
used to extract from, and I find no difficulty
in using them, although U inches deep. — J.
E. Pond.

O, yes, without the slightest difficulty. I
have hundreds of combs built in the way
you mention. Were it not for the ten-
dency of bees to build drone-comb in these
shallow frames above the brood-nest, I
would have hundreds more of them built

from starters ; but as I prefer all-worker
combs, I use full sheets of foundation.— G.
W. Demaree.

Yes, sir, and that, too, without ever in-
verting the frames in the hives. On the
other hand, if the frames are inverted, the
bees will build tliem solid full of comb, and
be so strong that you can throw them
around the apiary as you woula pitch
quoits, to say nothing about extracting
honey from them ; but you can extract
from them safely without their ever having
been reversed. — James Heddon.

Certainly. The bees will fasten it and
make it secure, if they have a good chance
at it. — The Eihtck.

SPACING COMBS.

How Combs are Spaced in Box-
Hives, etc.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY S. A. SHUCK.

On page 365. Di-. C. C. Milk-r sajs :
" I think that it would be a favor to
the fraternity, if a number would re-
port in the American Bee Journal
as to the distance from center to cen-
ter of the central combs in a box-hive."

It has been several years since I
measured the distance of combs in box-
hives ; but the facts concerning the
matter are as important, perhaps, as if
the measurements had just been made.

As the combs iu box-hives are veiy
seldom built exactly straight, it is
natural to expect them to vary in dis-
tance from center to center. My ob-
servations have shown, too, that there
are considerable variations of this dis-
tance ; even at different points of the
attachment between any two combs,
this variation is found.

In computing the entire space by
the number of combs it contains, it is
shown in the aggregate that \h inches
is the rule, and almost without excep-
tion. This includes drone and store
comb, which, in many instances, is
considerably over \l inches. This
shows that the worker-combs do not
average IJ inches.

For the past ten years I have used
10 frames in hives 14^ inches wide.
Allowing \ of an inch for the extra
space on one side, this gives one and
two-fifth inches from center to center.
However, during the time in spring
when I want all the brood I can get, I
space the combs so as to give i inch or
more space on the outside of the side
combs.

Both wide and narrow spacing can
be made profitable at times, by a little
judicious management. In this locality,
it is not an uncommon thing to have
pleasant weather in February. If the
the bees have an abundance of honey,

brood-rearing is pushed along at a
lively rate, and, if allowed their own
waj' about things, the hives are over-
flowing witli bees by May 1, and, as a
rule, no lioncy until .June.

If, however, when this fine weather
occurs so early, one comb is removed
from each strong colonj', and the re-
maining nine combs are spaced so as
to fill the hive, the bees have more
room to clu.stcr, and occupy less comb,
and consequently brf)od-rearing is not
pushed along so rapidly, and the stores
are not consumed so quickl}". The
bee-keeper who has never tried this
(and then, when the time comes for
encouraging brood-rearing, he read-
justs the combs, spacing them as
closelj- as possible, and replacing the
comb previously removed), will be
very agreeably surprised, not only at
the apparent sudden increase of bees
in his hives, but the very rapid in-
crease of brood also.

The eiiect of "spacing" on the
swarming disposition, is very slight.
Observation inclines me to believe that
wide spacing tends more to encourage
swarming than does narrow spacing,
where surplus room is given at the
right time.

Close spacing tends to force the
bees into the surplus, if for no other
reason than to give room for the neces-
saiy operations of the nurse-bees in
caring for the brood ; while wide
spacing gives ample room for a large
number of bees between the combs,
and in cool w-eather their presence is
actually required to keep a proper
temperature, and large numbers of
bees in the brood department are a
great incentive to the swarming im-
pulse. However, swarming is Na-
ture's onlj' method of increase, and
the non-swarming or excessive swarm-
ing tendencies are freaks of individ-
uality, and can be greatly increased
or diminished by careful selection and
breeding.

Liverpool, Ills.

GOLDEN-ROD.

Does it Yield Honey i — ^Methods
of Queen Introduction.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BV JACOB T. TIMPE.

I have carefully read the articles
2)ro and con, as to the value of golden-
rod as a honey-producing plant. The
veiy same subject was brought up at
the last meeting of the Central Michi-
gan Bee-Keepers' Convention, which
caused a livelj' "discussion. The ma-
jority most emphatically declared that
it did yield honey plentifully, at least
in the most of the seasons. I have yet
to see, in 14 years, but what the bees

414

TMW Mm^Wmi^MM MMM JQIBMNMIU.

work on it move or less every season.
I would not say that it yielded bounti-
fully every season — no honey-plant
will yield honey every season. White
■clover and bassvvood will fail, and
would it be fair to come out boldlj" and
say, " I do not think that there was
■one ounce of clover or basswood honey
ever gathered ?" No ; nor is it fair to
make this assertion about golden-rod.

One of the members remarked that
■" all the members present should care-
fully observe it this season, and then
see for themselves as to whether it did
yield or not." As he is not far distant
from me, he made the remark that he
had passed by my locality, and could
not see a bee on golden-rod ; yet he
would not allow me to verify my state-
ment. Locality ma)- liave some effect
on it (but all about him, on all sides,
it did yield, the past season) ; but is it
fair to condemn it just because of one
locality not yielding nectar ?

I could not help making the remark
that he would not believe me (or us)
one bit more, by our carefully observ-
ing it another season, to be again con-
tradicted, and probably be continued
for another year's careful observing.

The party also claimed that what
bees he did see on golden-rod, felt
ashamed for being there, claiming
that thej' would crawl about so slowly,
as if the)- were almost frozen in a
warm autumn day. Now, I would like
to ask, which bee gathers the most
honey, the one that stays on one blos-
som and finds emploj'uient for one
minute there, or the other one that
runs rapidly over the flowers and visits
25 in a minute ? Most emphatically,
the one that holds its proboscis in the
nectaries several seconds.

When I see a bee running rapidly
over a clover blossom, I calculate that
it is not finding much. I have j'et to
see a bee ashamed in any of its under-
takings— at least mine have never
showed anythinglike being "ashamed."

INTRODUCING QUEENS.

I hardly approve of Mr. Bunch's
way of introducing queens, as given on
page 383. I could hardly advise any
one to not look into their hives for 3
or 4 dajs, or even a week. Contrar)-
to the advice of others, I alwaj's ex-
amine my colony as soon as I think
that the queen has been released, and
I have never had any fatal luck with
them. I have never lost but one
queen, and I think that this was on
account of untimely assistance. Of
course, I always go armed, for fear
that I might find her balled.

I would like to ask those who advo-
cate letting the bees alone for several
days, Are you sure that balling was
caused by opening the hive too soon ?
If you had cattle in a field in which

there was a miry spot, and one of
them did not appear, would you trust
to Providence to help it out ? or would
you render aid ? Now we will liken
a colony of bees to the cattle — balling
to be the dreaded spot. Could you
leave a valuable bee for 3 or 4 days,
when she might be in a ball of bees ?
I believe in rendering aid if I can, and
at the earliest date, too.

Now in regard to introducing : I
think that the old " Peet process " of
letting the bees gnaw the queen out, is
the best, as in my experience the bees
release the queen too soon with the
"candy" plan. The only bad luck
that I had with queens, was with the
"candy" plan, where in 10 hours
(probably less) I found the queen dead
on the bottom-board. Would leaving
the colony alone for 3 or 4 days have
brought her to life again ?

I will saj- that if the apiarist knows
his business, and will be very careful,
there is but little risk to run ; and I
would further say that it might be well
to be prepared with smoke to get the
queen out of the ball, if necessary. At
least, this is 7)ii/ opinion of them, and
my ways of handling them.

Grand Ledge, Mich.

BEE-KEEPING.

Is it Practicable or Desirable
for tlie Average Fanner i

Read at a Nebraslia Farmers' Institute

BY MRS. J. N. HEATER.

Upon receiving the request for an
essay on this subject, I was somewhat
surprised that it should be considered
a question, as to whether the keeping
of bees is practicable or desirable for
the average farmer, since bee-keeping
is strictly an agricultural pursuit, and
of the utmost importance to the farmer,
if the honey consideration were not
taken into account at all.

Man, in his selfishness, fosters those
pursuits which give promise of profit
or pleasure to himself, and according
to Samantha Allen, must be reasoned
with by way of his stomach ; so, with
visions of quantities of honey, he
makes his investment in bees, not
knowing he is to receive another and
perhaps greater reward. To be a bee-
keeper it does not follow that one
must be a master or specialist, any
more than he must be a fancier in
order to raise his own fowls.

In my opinion there is no more fit-
ting place on earth for the keeping of
bees, than on the farm ; providing, of
course, that the farmer — or his wife —
has the time and inclination to give
them proper attention. One gentle-
man living near town, bought a single
swarm, and in one year's time found

himself the possessor of 4 colonies of
bees and 40 pounds of surplus honey.
Another farmer bought one colony,
and at the end of 3 years, had 11 colo-
nies of bees, and an abundant supply
of honey during the whole time, for a
large family. These are not cited as
extraordinary cases, bj" any means,
but simply to show what ordinary
farmers in our midst are doing, who
make no pretensions to giving their
bees special care. I might refer you
to others, who are giving more time
and attention to this branch of their
work, and making a grand success
of it.

Let no one suppose, however, that
bee-keeping is a pleasant pastime,
which lazy and incompetent people
can take up with success. The man
who always drives poor horses and
finds winter storage for his farm ma-
chinery in the open field, has no busi-
ness with bees ; but any man or woman
who will learn the business and begin
wisely, can find in bee-keeping with
farming, a healthful pursuit ; and sup-
ply their own tables at least, with a
pure, delicious article of food to take
the place of the adulterated sweets
which they are forced to receive at the
stores.

This, however, is only an individual
benefit, except as the possessor may
choose to share the spoil with his fellow
man, but there is another benefit which
the neighbor shares equally with the
owner, for our little pets, though sel-
dom accorded the compliment, are
direct benefactors to the florist, horti-
culturist and farmer — in fact, to any
one who wishes to produce fruit, grain
or vegetables, by their constant visits
from blossom to blossom, carrying the
pollen from the anthers of one to the
stigmas of another of the same kind ;
and any one with the most meagre
knowledge of botany will understand
that this is the plan of the Creator, for
the reproduction of the vegetable
kingdom ; else, why would flowers de-
pending on insect fertilization be so
cunningly constructed that, in order to
reach the honey, the insect must forci-
bly brush against the pollen, thus
dusting itself in one flower and carry-
ing it to another, where the process is
repeated ?

In this connection we plainly see
wisdom in the instinct with which the
honey-bee is endowed,' to visit the
same species of plant or flower until a
full load of honey is obtained. Other
insects do, indeed, play some part in
this important work, but no other
honey and pollen gathering insect
increases with such rapidity in the
spring, before fruit trees and small
fruits blossom.

An excellent authority places the
number of colonies of bees in the

TH® mBmrnmicmn mmm jourksil..

415

United States, in 1881, at 3,000,000.
During the working season the average
number of bees per colony is from
35,000 to 40,000. Who, then, can
estimate the benefit to the crops of
fruit and grain, derived through the
agencies of such myriads of little mar-
riage priests among the flowers ?
This alone would warrant the keeping
of bees in many localities, as, indeed,
is often done.

A fruit-grower of Madison county,
Neb., bought a colony of bees solely
for the purpose of having them ferti-
lize the blossoms of a half-acre of
strawberries of a certain variety, and
was repaid with a fine setting of fruit,
while in previous years he had only
obtained a partial crop.

Charles Darwin, that eminent Eng-
lish naturalist, whose careful experi-
ments have added so much to our
knowledge of plants and insect life,
states in his work on "Cross and Self-
Fertilizatiou," that out of 12b species
that he covered with netting, exclud-
ing insects when in bloom, more than
half were entirely sterile, or produced
less than half the number of seeds of
the unprotected plants.

I will cite only two of the many so
treated by him, namely, white and red
clover. I quote :

Several plants were protected from in-
sects, and the seeds from ten flower heads
of these plants, and from ten heads on
other plants grown outside the net (which
I saw visited by bees) were counted, and
the seeds from the latter plants were very
nearly ten times as numerous as those
from the protected plants. The experiment
was repeated the following year, and
twenty protected heads now yielded only
a single aborted seed, whilst twenty heads
on plants outside the net (which I saw
visited by bees) yielded S,290 seeds. Of
red clover, 100 covered heads gave noth-
ing, and 100 heads uncovered produced
2,720 seeds.

Our fruits are fully as dependent
upon insect life as are the clovers.
For instance, take the apple ; call to
mind the five beautiful, pinkish-white
leaves, with a cluster of yellow, pollen-
bearing stamens in the centre. Then
that each blossom carries five stigmas,
and each stigma is connected with
the core of the fruit.

At the proper time the tiny nectaries
are filled with nectar, when the flower
is prepared to receive the pollen-grains
from the dusty bees as they are flitting
among them, intent only upon their
own crazy greed for honey, wholly un-
conscious of the wonderful part they
are playing in a still more wonderful
nature, for the nectar is never secreted
until the pollen-grains are ripe and
ready for use, when it slowly oozes
forth each day — a constant bait for
the bees until the pollen is ripe and
gone. But as we have observed, there
are five of these stigmas, and without
a distinct fertilization of each one sep-

arately, an imitcrfect fruit is formed
which in most cases constitutes the
windfalls. Opposite the hollow cheek
on an apple will be found miniature
seeds, showing that an imperfect ferti-
lization had taken place, if any at all,
in that pai'ticular pistil. The apple
being one of a large class of blossoms
in which the antliers and pistils do not
mature at the same time, self-fertiliza-
tion is impossible, and a cross must be
obtained from another blossom of the
same species of plant.

Gooseberries, currants and ra.spber-
ries are also largely indebted to in-
sects for the fruit they bear, and, in tlie
last two, undeveloi^ed parts are often
found due to iniperfect fertilization, as
in the apple and clover. It has been
stated that unless we have a few hours
of sunshine when early cherries are in
bloom, we shall have no cherries at
all, and we frequently have a season
when cold rain-storms so prevent the
bees from getting out, that not a
cherry is produced.

Our prairie grasses are rapidly dis-
appearing under the advancing culti-
vation of all available land, and in
many localities hay and pasturage is
already becoming a subject for serious
consideration. Tame grasses must
supply the want, but the question is,
from which kind may the greater
benefit be derived ? I need not men-
tion the superiority of the clovers over
Hungarian, timoth)-, millet and red-
top in regard to richness of hay, build-
ing up exhausted land, etc. ; but 1 do
wish to call your attention to the fact
that with any of the clovers, still
another crop may be obtained — of
delicious nectar. Do not misunder-
stand me ; this is not intended as an
advertisement of bees, but the fact is
indisputable that in order to secure
fertilization of the clover blossoms, we
must depend upon insect agencies.

Not all strains of bees are able to
work on the red clover heads, owing
to the depth of the floweret cu)), but
the bumble-bee and the Italian hive-
bees having longer tongues will work
on it, and especially on the second
growth, whicli 3'ou all know is your
seed-crop, though it may not have oc-
curred to j'ou that the very reason the
second growth yields the crop of seed
is because the flovver-heads are smaller,
and the cups shorter, making it possi-
ble for the insects to accomplish their
work.

A few years ago our common red
clover was introduced to Australia,
and it made a most rapid growth in
that warm, rich soil, but they were un-
able to raise one bit of seed. After
trying for sometime in vain, it was
suggested that bumble-bees were re-
quired to fertilize the blooili. Some
nests were accordingly shipped from

the New Enghmd States, and the re-
sult was considered wonderful, for
seed was then raised without trouble.
But the clover spread faster than the
bumble-bees increased, when the same
difficulty was again experienced ; and
in 1888, a Mr. McDonald, of Lexing-
ton, achieveil prominence by his en-
deavor to secure $10,000 worth of Ken-
tucky bumble-bees to be shipped to
Australia.

Having shown the utility of the
honey-bee in producing surer, larger
and better crops, may it not safely be
considered an advantage to have bees
at work on every farm ? In our East-
ern States one is almost as certain of
finding a number of colonies of bees
on every farm, as the indispensable
pig-sty. Certain it is, that the long
row of white-painted, old-style box-
hives, and the jjroverbial biscuit that
" mother made," furnish some of the
sweet memories of our own childhood
days.

Columbus, Nebr.

EARLY SWARMS.

A Lady's Report as to the Con-
tlitiun of Her Bees, etc.

Written for the American BceJounval
BY KIT CLOVER.

1 think that I shall have to report
luj- Carniolan bees. I put 5 colonies
into the cellar last winter, following
an old bee-keeper's advice by placing
the hives flat on the bricked floor. I
had no idea that mice could get in at
the entrance of a hive, but I have since
found that they can.

The winter was very warm, and the
bees, by spells, were very noisy. I
could not understand it, as they were
perfectlj- quiet on some of the warmest
dajs, and only one colony at a time
would set up the angry roar with a
stray bee or two tumbling about on the
alighting-hoard. I think now that the
trouble was that they had been visited
by mice, for when taken out in the
spring, there were heaps of the frag-
ments of half-eaten bees under each
alighting-board.

I stuclv in a pin, right there — not
into the mouse, however, as 1 would
like to have done, but in my experi-
ence map. . 1 shall put wire-netting
over the entrances the next time.

On March 21 I . took out the bees,
having learned that bees can be moved
in perfect safety by putting a wet rag
over the entrance. This does not
make them angry, or anxious to get
out, but seems to quiet them.

Soon after getting the hives out, the
one heavj' snow-storm of the winter
came, and some of the hives were
drifted under. The storm coming

416

T'HE: MmSKICMff ®®)®- JO'^KlfMEf.

from the east, blew directly' into the
entrances. I covered them with
boards, but on the da}' after the storm,
I climbed through the drifts and dug
the ice out of the entrances, with a
hair-pin.

As I could not open the hives for
sometime, I did not know but that the
bees might be hungry, so I fed them a
little. When it grew warm, they
dragged out quite a lot of dead bees.

Between storms and mice, I was
afraid that my colonies would be very
weak, but later, when I opened the
hives, I found lots of honey, and quite
an amount of bees, with brood alread}*
capped.

Bj- the way, I have fed rye-flour
every warm day all the spring, and
mine and my neighbor's bees would
carr\- away a pint in half a day.

During fruit-bloom we had very
little time that bees could work, as it
rained almost every day, but one col-
ony of mine filled and capped every
empty cell, even building and tilling
comb at the ends of the brood-frames.

On Maj' 14 a swarm came out, and
though I thought I cut out every
queen-cell except one, the same colony
cast another swarm on Maj' 26. I
opened the hive and found a half-dozen
new cells, and one from which the
queen was cutting. I waited for her,
and welcomed her. O, but the queens
are such little beauties ! Then I took
every possible queen-cell out. Now,
will some one tell me how many days
later I dare clip her wings, or must I
wait until I find eggs ? In that case
she will have plenty of time to swarm,
if she chooses, as I will not open a
hive during the present dearth of
honey.

On May 25, another first swarm
came out, and Tom — I may as well in-
troduce you to Tom Clover — took his
first lesson in bee-keeping by going up
into a tree after the cluster. Perhaps
I might add, that he didn't get it. He
had the l)ees in my big, covered bread-
pan, when away went the cover, the
ladder broke under his feet, he caught
an upper round which broke, and
down went bees, pan, and all, although
Tom caught lower down on the ladder.

Then a bee-keeping neighbor climbed
the tree, and shook the cluster into a
four-gallon pail, with fitted cover, and
— they are doing well. But I notice
that the bees uncapped every bit of
honej' in the old hive before going.

Last night, as I went to feed the
chickens, 1 bethought myself that we
feed the horse, the cow and the calf —
even the fowls — and why should one
be so very stingy with the busy little
bees, as to let them go hungry ? So I
put a pound section into each surplus
case, and gave the new colonies some
sugar syrup in feeders at the entrance.

I had put on the surplus-cases about
the middle of the month, to prevent
swarming, if possible. The bees just
poured up and filled them, and began
pulling out combs.

Just now there seems to be a com-
plete dearth of honey, and I notice
they cut now and then a little hole into
the foundation.

The hives of my colonies, before an}-
of them swarmed, were just simply
packed full of bees — so full that I do
not see how they all managed to live in
there.

I have questioned every bee-keeper
near me, and except one colony of
blacks, kept on the sand near the
river, I have heard of no other swarm
issuing this spring. Do mine swarm
early because they are Carniolans, or
because I fed them rye-flour, or just
" O, 'cause ?"

One colony, in which I found a sur-
plus of drones, and cut-down drone-
cells, thinking I would put on a drone-
trap immediately, began killing drones
the next day, and killed every one. I
supposed that it was because there is
no honey coming in.

In early spring, I had one colony
that carried out sick bees, somewhat
swollen, and a shining black. They
seem to have gotten all over it now.
What is the disease ? What is its
cause ? and what its cure ?

Dubuque, Iowa, June 2, 1890.

QUEENS.

The Rearing and Shipping of
Quecn.Bees.

Read at the Ohio State Convention

BY MISS DEMA BENNETT.

I do not feel myself competent to
undertake anything of a discourse on
scientific queen-rearing, but I will
simply describe my way of doing, and
some of my opinions, in a very un-
scientific way.

I want a linen hat, a thin black veil,
a good smoker, and plenty of dry fuel
for it. I have a tool-box with a claw-
hammer, two or three sizes of small
wire-nails, and some large ones ; pins
and pin-cushion, a knife with two
blades, an oil-crayon, pieces of clean
broken sections for tablets, and tin-
tags for marking the hives ; a turkey
feather, a provisioned cage a tin box
for matches — an apartment for put-
ting pieces of comb and wax — all in
this box. Besides these there should
be a honey-knife and extractor.

I have never found it necessarj' to
have a work-room for handling either
bees or cells, although I have both a
work-room for making foundation, and
a fancy bee-house with wire-screen

doors, on the edge of the yard, where
there are from 50 to 100 nuclei in the
summer time.

The hive for the nucleus should be
one that will take the frames in gen-
eral use in the apiary, so that they
will be interchangeable. I prefer the
Langstroth frame, and as a chaft' hive
is too heavy, as well as expensive, I
would use Simplicity hives ; they are
valuable property, and can be used for
storing frames of comb or sections,
when not in use in the yard, and, if
one wanted to go out of the queen-
rearing business, there would not be a
lot of unsalable boxes on hand.

The frames should be of wood,
wired and filled with foundation, and
previously drawn out, or combs which
are securely fastened at the edges.
This is important, for in looking for
the queen, or eggs, or in shaking the
bees oft', one is likely, if not extraordi-
narily careful, to tip out the comb,
honey, bees and queen in a conglom-
erate mass, into the hive or on the
ground, as the case may be.

There should be two adjustable
division-boards for each hive, arranged
so that there is a bee-space under each
side. This saves trouble in picking up
any bees that may be brushed off.

For covering the frames, use enam-
eled cloth ; over this, a burlap cushion
filled with forest leaves ; it is very
essential that nuclei be kept warm, and
there are very few nights when it is
not better to use them. In case the
cushion is used with the Simplicity
hive, it would need to be a two-story
hive. The cover should be tinned and
painted to make it absolutely water-
proof.

For the mother-bee I prefer a chafi"
hive, because quiet is insured imder
all circumstances of wind and weather.
It should be fitted up as I have men-
tioned, except the frames, part of
which should be of foundation without
the wires, about two-thirds of the
depth of the frame, and already
drawn out. Drive two long wire-nails
into each side of the chaft' hive directly
over the rabbets, and near the ends,
so that they will slip in when not in
use, and draw out when wanted to
hang frames on, so as not to risk los-
ing the queeu by setting the frames
out on the ground. There should be
an alighting-board fastened at the en-
trance to every hive, and where queens
have clipped wings, it should be long
enough so that they will not fall oft'
the end of it, if a swarm comes out,
and crawl under and get lost.

WHAT THE QUEEN SHOULD BE.

The queen mother should be a well-
developed queen of whatever race or
combination of races one may choose
— I prefer a pure Italian strain, and a

T'H® m^iMmmicmn mmm jovmnmi^.

417

queen in her second year. For the
trade I would use only imported Ital-
ian queens. By getting new queens
every jear, there would be no danger
of inter-breeding. I do not want a
queen so unsatisfactory to the bees
that they are trying to supersede her,
either because she is too old or un-
proliflc, or for some unknown reason ;
for I believe in the law of heredity in
bees, as well as in man or the lower
animals, and I do not think it possible
(Mr. Doolittle to the contrarj', not-
withstanding) for a queen of the latter
sort to produce as hard}-, prolific
queen-progeny as the former.

As soon as the apiarist sees anj-
drones, the apiary should be looked
over, and the drones iu each hive
graded; stimulated by feeding where
you see the best ones, and destroy all
others bj- cutting out drone-brood and
replacing it with, worker-comb. By
this time we have received notice that
the imj)orted queen will be here very
soon, and as I cannot afibrd to take
any chance of losing her, I am verj'
cai-eful to make the right preparation
to receive " her majesty."

I pick out a wired frame containing
some honej- and hatching brood, and
one of worked-out foundation without
wires. B3- marking the latter " empty-
4-31," on top of the frame with a
crayon, I can tell how old the eggs are
when I take them away. I either pick
up one bj' one, or else shake into a
tin boiler (the old bees will fly away)
young bees enough to comfortably
cover the two combs, and empty them
on top of the frames.

When the queen arrives, I clip her
wing, to prevent her flying away,
destroy her attendant bees, and in-
troduce her to her new home by letting
her run down ofi' of the top of the
frame, keeping watch to see how she
is received. I have never experienced
any trouble in this way, and in one
instance, the queen had commenced to
lay in less than an hour. If the bees
had not received her, 1 should have
put her into a combined shipping and
introducing cage, to be released at
their pleasure. I would not advise
this trouble of getting only young bees
for a nucleus, except iu the case of a
very valuable queen whose time was
precious.

PREPARING FOR CELL-BUILDING.

One of the strongest colonies in the
yard should then be prepared for cell-
building, by taking away the queen,
and distributing the unsealed brood
among weaker colonies, leaving only
three or four frames of sealed brood
and honey.

I now look into the hive of the im-
ported queen, and if there are eggs in
the marked frame, I look for the

queen ; if she sin mid be on that frame,
I take a small, soft twig, and place it
so that she will catch hold of it with
her feet, and lift her carefully off to
the other frame, then hang the frame
of eggs on the wire-nails in the side of
the hive, that were driven for that
purpose ; put in another frame without
wires, and with a turkey's-feather (1
have found nothing better) brush the
bees off and clos(! the hive.

Take the frame of eggs and cut the
bottom of the comb close to the cells
containing eggs, and if there should
be many eggs in the center of the
comb, cut out one or two triangular
pieces with the point at the top of the
cut, leaving eggs around the opening,
as they are much more likely to build
queen-cells on the edge than in the
solid comb. The pieces can be used
for patching, and as I do not value
this kind of a frame for any other pur-
pose, I do not care how much thej* are
cut.

Mark the top of the frame with the
name of the queen applied to the eggs,
giving the date, as " i-e-5-1," meaning
that they are " imported-queen's eggs,
Mny 1," which I consider the right
time to begin, and Sept. 1 the latest to
continue to "set" eggs for cell-
building.

I use the oil-crayon for marking
frames and tablets.

Put the frame of eggs in the center
of the colony you have prepared for
cell-building, leaving the space be-
tween it and the adjoining frames a
little larger than for other frames, and
unless honey is coming in freely, give
them a quart or two of thin feed in an
atmosperic feeder, inside the hive, and
cover with a cushion to keep them
warm.

About the fifth day after, open the
hive, and if there should be any double
cells started, with the point of a knife
remove the larva from one, and break
down the cell. I think that this is
much easier than to fuss with picking
out eggs with a brimstone match, and
shaving combs, cutting into strips,
which must be dipped into a " mixture
of two parts rosia and one part bees-
wax ;" "being very careful not to
overheat it, as it will destroy the eggs
in the cells if used too hot, and if too
cold it will not adhere properly;"
" pressing it with the fingers gently
into place, taking care not to crush or
injure the cells in so doing," a la Alley;
or making "wax-cups" with "three
forming-sticks, a notched block, a dish
of cold water, a lamp with a dish of
wax on top, an ear-spoon for scooping
up the royal jelly, the stick to place
the royal jelly in a wax-cup, and the
tooth-pick for transferring the larvre "
— after the Doo-little plan. (I think
that is a misnomer.)

On the ninth day break down all
unsealed or small mis-shaped cells if
there should be any such, and count
the number of the cells left. On the
tenth or eleventh day, form as many
nuclei as there are cells, by dividing
this building colony, and if necessary,
divide some of the weaker colonies in
order to make the number, giving to
each one a frame of unsealed brood,
marking the frame "c-e-5-11" (com-
mon eggs) ; also give a frame of honej',
being sure that there are bees enough
to cover the brood well.

I like a good-sized nucleus, as I
think the queen gets to laying in bet-
ter shape than in a very small one,
and if I ever find a queen laying sev-
eral eggs in one cell, I conclude that
she has not had hq^jf a chance ; and if
I can increase her companj-, she will
get to laying all right.

In making nuclei, if necessary to
divide a colony, always move the queen,
as the bees will stay better. I have
never, in making nuclei, shut bees up
or carried them to a dark room or
cellar, but I do make it a point to
have ever}' nucleus supplied with un-
sealed larvic at all times, both to hold
the bees and keep them in balance,
and to this I believe is due the fact
that I never have had the trouble with
laying workers that Mr. Alley and
others complain of.

I am very careful not to let the cells
get chilled, either in or out of the
frame, and if the day is cool, I leave
the bees on the frame, and only cut the
cells as fast .as I use them. If the day
is warm enough, I take the frame of
cells, brush the bees oft" with a feather
(being very careful not to jar the
cells) then with the small, thin blade
of the knife, cut all but one of the
cells, and put the frame back into the
hive.

I have a box lined to put the cells
in, and cover them with a piece of
soft flannel, but distribute as soon as
possible, by inserting one in the frame
containing larvos, and marking the
frame "i-c-S-ll," as well as the tablet,
making a combination of the two
marks, as "i-c and c-e-5-11" — (im-
ported cell and common eggs, Maj' 11)
until all are taken care of.

Go on in this manner, having cells
built ; forming nuclei for them until
you have broken up all the colonies
that you wish, and as the bees increase,
unite nuclei to make strong colonies
with younger bees, for cell-building,
which are better for this purpose than
older ones ; then sub-divide these into
nuclei as needed, and so on indefinitely
until the close of the season.

Some years I have numbered the
hives and kept a book of record, but
I always keep the record of the nuclei
marked on a tablet and fastened in

418

TM® MMEMICMH ®E® JQUmnMlL.

kA^k^m^t

front of the hive. I also use tin tags
which have two meanings, according
to position. They are in thi-ee shapes
— round, triangular and square — with
a hole in the center through vvhicli a
tinned taclj has been pushed to its
head and soldered.

The round tag placed on the front
of the hive means, "needs cell;" in
front of entrance, " think they need
cell ;" and I look again before giving a
cell, and sometimes find a queen, and
save the cell. The triangle in front of
the hive means, " give larvM ;" and at
the enti-ance, " give larvw test." The
square in front of the hive means,
"queen is laying;" at the entrance,
"think queen is laying." To illustrate:

I look the next day after giving the
cells, to see if thev are either torn or
hatched ; if hatchea, I mark the tablet
" Q, hatched 5-12 ;" if the cell appears
torn, I do not mark the tablet, but put
a round tag at the entrance, as I know
that they have means of starting a cell,
and I look again in a day or two, and
if they have started cups, I change the
tag to the front of the hive, and the first
time I distribute cells I give them one.

Whenever I find a queen just
hatched, and do not find larva% I put
the triangle on the front of the hive.
When I find a nucleus that has no
young larvas, and I do not see a queen,
I put the triangle at the entrance, and
in both cases give a frame of eggs at
my convenience, marking the first
" c-e," and the last " c-e-test," giving
the dale, and also marking the tablet.

When I see a queen that looks as
though she was laying, but I find no
eggs except in marked frames, I put
the square at the entrance, and look
again in a day or two, when I can tell
certainly. I then change the tag to
the front of the hive.

As fast as I find queens laying, I
mark the tablet according to their
looks and appearance — " A-a — B-b,"
the B"s never being sent away on or-
ders, but used in our own apiaries, the
first in the home apiary, and the latter
in the out apiaries. The tablet would
then read, " i-c and c-e-5-11 ; hatched
5-12 ; c-e.5-16 ; laying, 5-20-A." As
part of this record is of no use unless
put in a book for reference, take a
a clean tablet and write with a cravon,
"I-Q, laying 5-20-A." When she is
removed, I put a round tag on the
hive as at first.

In addition to this, if there should
be anything unusual that needs atten-
tion, I mark a tablet and tack it on
the front end of the cover, "need
bees," "bees strong," "need feed,"
" can spare honey," "caged queen,"
etc., and remove as soon as their wants
have been attended to.

I can now go through the yard and
at a glance can tell how many need

cells or larvas ; also how many queens
are laying, and another glance will
tell me the condition of each hi%'e.

As all of these marks are fastened
to the hive, it gives the apiar}' a more
tidy appearance than to have a lot of
stones on the hives ; besides, loose
marks are in many ways liable to be
accidentally misplaced.

AN INCUBATOR IN QUEEN-REARING.

If I have more cells than nuclei to
take care of them, and do not wish to
make more, I use an "incubator," as
we call it. It has a wooden frame
slanting in towards the top, and
beveled at the corners to fit closely,
and having a top with l|-inch auger
holes in it, in which to hang the wire
cloth cups for the cells, which are fast-
ened at the top to a wire ring a little
larger than the hole, so as to slip the
cup in, and catch the wire on the
frame; they also have a cover of mica,
fastened on one side to form a hinge.

Place this incubator over the center
of a full colonj', putting the enameled
cloth over the space not occupied by
the frame, then whenever there is an
extra cell, I pin it on the side of one
of these cups, drop the cover, and put
on a cushion to keep them warm. If
there should be a large number of cells,
two or three can be put into each cup,
and by a little watching (as they can
be seen through the mica cover with-
out disturbing anything) the queens
can all be saved. I do this bj' going
to some place where I know they have
a cell, cut out the cell, put it into the
incubator, and drop the young queen
off of a soft twig upon the frame, and
they are almost certain to accept her.

I am sure to always have either eggs
or young larvi\; in the hive, to indicate
the fact if she should be lost ; and I
also think that bees are much less lia-
ble to be uneasj- if they have something
to do in the way of housework in caring
for the little ones ; it also prevents the
bees from swarming out when the
queen takes her "wedding-flight"' and
my experience has been entirely in
favor of giving, instead of taking away,
unsealed larvaj when introducing vir-
gin queens.

VIRGIN QUEEN INTRODUCTION.

Virgin queens that ai'e several days
old should be put into an introducing-
cage ; but if I was preparing a nucleus
especially for that purpose, I would
prefer the bees from a queenless
nucleus, where a large part wore young
bees, to taking them out of the upper
story, as Mr. Doolittle recommends ;
both because I think that younger bees
would be better, and I would not wish
to disturb the bees in the upper story,
if they were strop g enougli, and will-
ing to work i «'- tons — and they must

be, when a nucleus can be taken from
the upper story.

I have never daubed or rolled in
hone3-, or used the nasty tobacco
smoke, with any kind of a queen to
introduce her ; in fact, I do little
smoking of any kind, deeming that a
quiet condition of both bees and queen
is essential to success in that line ;
besides, I do not like to mistreat the
harmless creatures that will prove to
be our best friends after awhile, the
most faithful of all, keeping quietly at
work, although we rob them every
day ; and although they have a sharp
weapon of defense, thej" meeklj- sulj-
mit to all our caprices, without a
breath of fresh air, or a glimpse of the
bright sun, and the pretty flowers with
their fragrant odors tliat are supposed
to make the bee-world liappy.

The way I prefer to introduce a
queen, excepting those that are just
hatched, is to put her into the cage as
before mentioned, and when the colony
is k,notv7i, not guessed, to be queenless,
place this cage over the top of the
frames, having the opening in the cage
over the opening between tlie frames,
and having the cage raised a little so
that the bees can pass under it and get
acquainted with their new " mother,"
if such she should prove to be ; but I
should not expect better success with
virgin queens so introduced, than with
one reared in the hive, for sometimes
queens will get lost on their flight, and
I would not like to say, as Mr. Doolit-
tle does in his plan of introducing vir-
gin queens, on page 126 of his book on
"Queen Rearing :" "They are now to
be left for four or five days, when you
will find a laying queen (providing
that the queen was four or five days
old when put into the cage)." Al-
thougli from a large experience of both
myself and others with the introducing
cage, I should have no hesitancy in
using these words concerning a fertile
queen, for I then consider it an almost
absolutely sure thing.

I do not open the hive from which I
am expecting a queen to fly, neither
one close by, during the middle of the
daj', if it can be avoided. Be very
careful not to leave any sweet where
the bees can get it during a dearth of
honej- in the fields, and if the bees are
inclined to rob, do not open the liives
in regular succession, but change the
Ixise of operations awhile ; or, if they
are too bad, leave them alone until
they quiet down. If there should be
danger of any one of them being
robbed, just set a folding mosquito-bar
tent over it, and they will soon find
that the)- are mastered.

THE SHIPPING OF QUEENS.

For several years I used the Feet
cage, with a hole large enough for the
queen to pass, bored into one of the

Tmm mimmmiQMn mm® joivftivair.

419

ieed chambers, with a tia slide over
the hole in the side, making a combined
shippinu; and introducing cage; but on
account of its large opening for the
bees, and the tin cover, it is objection-
able, although it is the easiest to put
the queen and bees in, that I have ever
seen. Last season I u.sed some of the
Benton cages, with the opening in the
wire-cloth, for introducing the queen.
Although I am not quite satisfied with
any cage that I have ever seen, I think
that a combination cage is the only
successful way of supplying the trade,
for many people have not the time,
knowledge or inclination to introduce
a queen successfully in any other way.

The candy is made iu the old, fannl-
iar way, with pulverized sugar and
honey mixed until it gets over being
sticky, and then pressed very closely
into the apertures designed for it, a
paper being put over that, and the
wire-cloth is tacked on over all.

With the Benton cage, having the
opening come over the feed chamber,
cut the paper the size of the hole in
wire-cloth, and leave the other end
loose to put the bees in. Having the
provisioned cage ready, I select the
nucleus that I wish to take the queen
from, open the hive and lift the frames
until I find her, when I hang the frame
she is on in a comb-holder, keeping my
eye upon her ; then lift her carefully
by the wings, and put her head first
into the cage; then in the same manner
put about 12 worker bees into the Ben-
ton cage, and 20 in the Peet cage,
providing the weather is at all cool ; a
less number may answer in warm
weather.

Securely fasten the wire-cloth, then
fasten the cover, which is raised a lit-
tle from the cage for ventilation ; be-
sides this, to make doubly sure of
giving no trouble to mail agents, tie
with a cord both ways around the cage.
I like to ship the first of the week, so
as not to have the cages left iu the
post-ofHce or mail-bags over .Sunday,
and we do not take them to the post-
office for the fast mail-train which
takes the mail-bag on without stopping,
as the sudden jar of taking on the mail
might injure the queen.

UNITING IN THE FALL.

I select the nucleus having the queen
that I wish to be the mother of the col-
ony; lift the frames from the hive they'
are in, to one that is suitable for win-
tering; arrange the frames as if it were
a full colony, and when they are
nicely settled, I take one or two nuclei
that 1 know to be queenless, and shake
the bees in front of the prepared hive,
distributing the extra brood where
there is not a laying queen, to let it
hatch out. If this is done in the mid-
dle of the day, and I wish to move the

nucleus hive then, I move the nearest
hive pretty well \ip to its former stand
to catch the bees flying.

If I want to be sure to get all of the
nucleus, I leave the hive with a frame
of honey to catch those flying, and,
towards night, I brush them into the
united colony. I follow this plan until
all are united.

I do not know anything about the
virgin-queen trade, but I should not
expect it to prove satisfactory, neither
the rearing of two queens in one hive,
except for the purpose of seeing what
one could do, just out of curiositj-.

Some may think that this has been a
chapter of "I's ;"' but if I have made it
plain to 3-ou, that you do not need a
lot of odd fixtures ; that a little care
will produce good cells ; that unsealed
larva; make the bees happy ; that
queeus can be introduced without to-
bacco or a cup of honey ; and that you
can mark the hives without bricks,
stones or grass, I shall have accomp-
lished more than I expect.

Bedford, Ohio.

CONVENTION DIRECTORY.

1890. Time and place of meeting.

July 17.— Carolina, at Charlotte, N. C.

N. P. Lyles, Sec, Derita N. C.

Sept 10.— Ionia County, at Ionia, Mich.

H. Smith. Sec, Ionia, Mich.

Oct. 29-31.— International American, at Keokuk, la.
C. P. Dadant, Sec, Hamilton, Ills.

Oct.— Missouri State, at Mexico, Mo.

J. W. Rouse, Sec. Santa Fe, Mo.

In order to have this table complete.

Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — The Editor.

International Bee-Association.

President— Hon. K. L. Tajlor.. Lapeer, Mich.
Secretary— C. P. Dadant Hamilton, Ills.

National Bee-Keepers' Union.

President— James Heddon ..Dowagiac, Mich.
Sec'y. and MAN.iGER— T. G. Newman, Chicago.

1^ "

Results in 1$$9— Oood Prospects.

My report for 1889 was not very encour-
aging. In the spring I had 10 good colo-
nies to start with, from which I had 30
swarms, 300 pounds of extracted honey,
and 150 pounds of comb honey, with no
fall honey to speak of. I put 39 colonies
into the cellar on Dec. 5, and took out, on
April 4, 1890, 3-1 good colonies, 4 having
starved, and one was queenless after that.
For over a month bees could not fly half a
day, and in that time I had 4 colonies rob-
bed, and 3 swamied out, and of course
were killed by the other bees, which leaves
me now 17 colonies. Fruit trees are all in
bloom, with good prospects for the season.

W. B. R.VT.

Alaska, Wis., June 9, 1890.

White Clover and liaM.s«vood.

White clover is ju.st beginning to bloom ;
basswood is promising well as far as plenty
of buds are concerned, and both are prom-
ising well, if the weather will be so that it
will yield honey. But the spring has been
so backward that bees did not breed up
very fast, so it it does yield, the amount
gathered will not be so very large, after
all. We had too many frosts in May, and
the bees were obliged to cease brood-rear-
ing, or they would have starved — some
have actually starved.

Jacob T. Timpe.

Grand Ledge, Mich., June 7, 1890.

Wet YVeatlier — Section Folder.

I keep a few bees in northwest New
York. The liees are in a starving condi-
tion just now, as there is no honey to be
had, on account of wet weather. Apple-
bloom did not amount to anything. The
white clover is peeking out now, and we
hope for a good crop. My bees did well
last j-ear. The winter was mild, so they
wintered well, and were in good condition
this spring.

I have made a foot-power machine to
put sections together, and it works well. I
can put together 25 in 3 minutes. It is
handy and easy to work. I am a stone-
cutter and builder, but on account of a
gun-shot wound in my right shoulder I had
to quit my trade, and so I keep a few bees
to help make a living. I wonder whether
there are any other comrades who keep
bees, or read the great guide for bee-men —
the American Bee Journal.

M. M. Ritter.

Seneca Co., N. Y., June 9, 1890.

Spring Cool and Liate.

The winter loss of bees in this part of
Iowa was at least 60 per cent., mostly
from starvation. I lost 30 colonies out of
95. The honey-flow is very good here
now, when the weather will permit the
bees to work. Too much rain and cool
weather keeps them back about half of the
time. Some bee-keepers lost all they had
in winter, while others lost a part. The
spring has been very late, cold and damp
since the first of May. April was dry and
cold, though white clover is plentiful, and
has plenty of honey in it. If we have good
weather soon, we will have a fair crop of
honey. J. R. Eskew.

Shenandoah, Iowa, June 11, 1890.

Wintering Bees— Honey-I>ew.

I have beeu successful in getting my col-
onies all through the winter and spring,
except one that lost its queen, and was
robbed while I was away at work. I had
one swarm on May 20, it being the only
one I have heard of in this vicinity, except
3 that starved out. Bees are booming now
on the tulip blossoms and white clover,
with a good prospect for basswood in July ;
but I had to feed them up until about a
week ago. I think that one-third of the
bees in Western Pennsylvania have died
from starvation this spring. Unpardon-
able neglect killed them. " Anything that
is worth having, is worth caring for," is my
motto. Double-walled hives packed and
covered with some material that will ab-
sorb the dampness arising from the bees,
and sufficient ventilation, have scored
another point over cellar-wintering.

I think that some of the " close confine-
ment " advocates must feel chagrinned this
year. Has any bee-keeper ever seen a
swarm of bees go into a hole in the ground,
or into a cellar, of its own accord ? I be-

420

Tmm mviMmmi^mm mmM j©>wmMMs^.

lieve that there are a few stories told of
hees being iu the rocks in some parts of
the world, but is there any proof of it ? I
think that bees have been found iu almost
every conceivable place except in a wood-
chuck hole, therefore I conclude that they
are like the Irishman, who, when asked to
dig coal, replied. "Be jabbers, I was born
above ground, and I am going to die above
ground." But let us hear from the old vet-
erans through the American Bee Jovrsal
— the lie plus ultra of all bee-papers.

The twig referred to on page 364,
arrived, but so dried as to be of little use.
In my article on page 314,1 asked for a
dead leaf of last year's growth, as a proof
of the assertions of some men that it was
(few', or that it falls as a spray from the
excretionary glands of the insect ; so
the leaf and insects which Mr. Tyrrel sent,
are not, in my opinion, any proof of the
case, pro or C07l. But my bees are of more
importance than honey- dew just at present.
T O Kfi ly

Slippery Rock, Pa., June 9, i890.

Bees In Poor C'ondilion.

Bees are in poor condition here — the
worst that I ever knew them at this time of
the year. W. M. Woodward.

Bonfleld, His.

Xoo Rainy for the Bees.

My bees are out of danger now, and in
good condition, with a loss of only 2 colo-
nies. In this part of the country, there are
very few bee-keepers that did not lose
nearly 50 per cent. I claim that what
saved my bees, was that I removed them
from the cellar at the right time. I did it
in February, as they were very uneasy by
that time. I think that I am the only one
that puts the bees in the cellar late — about
the middle of December, and take them out
on Feb. 15. We have had rainy weather
nearly every day, so the bees have gath-
ered but very little honey yet, but they are
ready to swarm at any time if the weather
becomes right. Floriax Ruedy.

Buffalo City, Wis., June 7, 1890.

SM'armins: I^ater tlian Liast Vear.

The bees in this part of the country win-
teied well, but we have had a cold, wet
time so far, and not much for the bees to
gather. Mine are getting strong, but I
think that swarming will be 20 days later
than it was last year, but there is a good
prospect for plenty of white clover here,
and I hope to get some honey from it.

J. P. Sadler.

Kinsale, Ont., June tO, 1890.

Worms in Hives— Starters.

1. When I open the hives, I sometimes
find worms on top of the frames. Must I
clean off all the propolis found there, in
order to remove the worms ? 2. Is it nec-
essary for bees to have space between the
quilt and frames ; 3. Why not let the
quilt fit on top of the frames, and keep the
worms away from such secure retreats ?
Recently I took some nice white comb that
I had saved over fi-om last year, and cut it
in small pieces for starters in sections. I
warmed one side of the pieces on a sad-
iron, and laid the warm side in the section,
where I wanted it, giving the comb a slight
downward pressure. It seems to be fast,
and looks as if it would invite bees to go to
work at once. J. R. McLexdon.

Naftel, Ala.

Mr. Heddon replies to the above as fol-
lows, by request :

First, to get rid of worms, keep Italian
bees, and do not let pieces of comb lay
around for moth-millers to breed in. No,
do not clean off anything in order to get
rid of worms ; keep the apiary clean and
the colonies strong, and they will take care
of the interior of the hives. Moths breed
outside of the hives in old pieces of comb
that you left around carelessly, or else your
neighbors do. Do not use any quilts. Put
on a board cover with a beespace beneath
it. Second, the combs stuck fast if you
melted them ; probably not otherwise.
Comb foundation is much better than any
kind of combs, and also much cheaper. —
James Heddon.

Excellent Results Liast Season.

There is an abundance of white clover
now, and bees are booming. I had 46 colo
nies last spring, and they gave me 2,000
pounds of extracted honey, and 3,000
pounds of choice comb honey. I expect to
do hardly as well this year. One colony,
last year, gave me 350 pounds of comb
honey in IJ^^ -pound sections, aud one
swarm, which also gathered 100 pounds. I
call that good. My sales of comb honey
averaged 14 cents per pound. I have 44
colonies this spring, having lost 2 during
the winter from queenlessness.

O. A. Cory.

Frankfort, O., June 9, 1890.

of the super at one end is hung by two
small brass hinges, and the other end is
fastened by a small hook. By opening the
side of the super, you will have free access
to the sections. Try it, aud report.

F. H. McDonald.
Star, Idaho, June 2, 1890.

Colonies are Tei-y Stronsf.

Our bees came out of the cellar in good
condition, and the colonies are very strong
now. White clover is just commencing to
bloom here. C. J. Donaldson.

Lapeer, Mich., June 9, 1890,

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

Bis White Clover Bloom.

The prospect for a big crop of honey was
never better in this part of the country.
Bees are booming on raspberry ; there is a
big white clover bloom already out, and a
grand lot to follow — never was anything
like it before. Bees all wintered well
around here, aud are in good condition for
the harvest. F. E. Burrows.

Delavan, Wis., June 7, 1890.

<jiood Honey Crop Expectetl.

We have had a very unfavorable outlook
for bees this season. To-day is the first that
the bees have done anything this spring. I
had to feed them all through May, to keep
them breeding. I have 17 colonies in fine
condition for the white clover bloom, which
is here no%v. If the weather is favorable,
we expect a good crop of honey this season.
There is considerable Alsike clover in this
vicinity, which beats anything for honey
that I have ever seen. My report for the
last season was 10 colonies, spring count,
increased to 35. by natural swarming, sold
18 colonies, and obtained 1,100 pounds of
comb honey in one-pound sections, that
sold at home for 123.^' cents per pound.

J. F. McAnsTER.

Eden, Ills., June 7, 1890.

■.late Season— Supers tor Honey.

Bees wintered well on the summer
stands, as all bees are wintered iu that way
in this valley. Swarming has just com-
menced, the season being two weeks later
than usual. Alfalfa is just beginning to
bloom, so the bees will have a boom until
the frost kills the bloom in the fall. Alfalfa
and Alsike are our best honey-plants in
this part of the country. We do not have
to plow or hoe to keep the weeds down,
either, like the New York man does.

I will try to describe a super that I made
and used last summer. If anything like it
was ever made, or used, I have not yet
known it. It is made the proper size to hold
the number of sections required ; the end
pieces are rabbeted on the inside at the
bottom of the case, by using thin slats l'.^'
inches wide to protect the bottom of the
section, nailed to the end pieces. One side

NEW YORK, Juni.- .j.— There is no comb
honey on the market, but a small stock of
basswood extracted and California ; new South-
ern extracted is arriving-, but the quality is
mostly inferior. We quote: Extracted bass-
wood and Californiii. 7c: Southern, 6o{§)70c
per gallon. Beeswax, scarce at 26@28c.
HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN.

28-30 West Broadway.

CHICAGO, June 4.— Demand continues good
for strictly white clover honey, and our re-
ceipts are being taken as fast as they arrive.
What little stock we have, consists of buck-
wheat in 1 and 2-lb. sections, which is dull
.and slow sale. We quote: White clover 1-lbs.,
12;'.@1.3V2C; buckwheat. 7@9c. Beeswax very
scarce at 25@26c for brisht, and 2.3@24c for
dark. S. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, June .">.— The receipts of the
old crop of comb hone\' have been quite liberal
the last two weeks. Demand lighter, dealers
only buying one case at a time. We quote;
White 1-lbs., 13®14c; dark 1-lbs., 10@12c.
Extracted, very slow sale: white, 5@6c; dark,
5e. No beeswax in the market.

CLEMONS, CLOON & CO.,

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

CHICAGO, June 5.— Demand is now very
light for comb honey, and will be for the
ensuing two months. There is not much on
the market, and very little of it is in desirable
shape (or the retail trade, being in supers and
just as removed from the hive. Best brings
13@14c, and off-grsidcs about 10c. Extracted,
6@8c. Beeswax, yellow. 27@28c.

K. A. BURNETT. 161 S. Water St.

MILWAUKEE, June 2. — The market for
boue.v is in a fair condition. The old stock is
getting out of sight, and values are sustained
on choice qualities. We quote: Choice white
1-lb. sections, 13@14c; medium 1-lbs., ll@12c;
dark 1-lbs., 9®10c: 2-lbs., normal. Extracted,
in barrels aud half barrels, white, 7@8c; dark,
6®6'/sC. Beeswax. 26@30c.

A. V. BISHOP. 142 W. Water St.

DETROIT. June 3.— Best white comb honey,
13@14c; other grades, 10®l.'Sc. Extracted,
slow demand at 7@8c. Beeswax, 27®28c.

M. H. HUNT, Bed Branch. Mich.

KANSAS CITY, June 13.— Market cleaned
up on old comb and extracted, aud new crop
of comb arriving. We quote: White 1-lbs.,
15c; dark, ll®tl2c; white2-lb6., 12®il3c; dark,
10@llc. Extracted, white. 6@7c; dark, 5c.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS, 514 Walnut St.

BOSTON, June 11.— Fancy 1-lbs.. 16c; 2-lbs.,
l.'ic. Extracted, 8@9o. Honey sales are very
slow. We have recently received a shipment
from Michigan, of very fine stock, which is an
ample suppiv (or us for the summer.

BLAKE '& RIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.

CINCINNATI, June 10.— Demand (or comb
honey is slow, and prices nominal. There is
but little on the market. Extracted honev is
iu good demand at 5®Hc. according to quality.
We bought to-day the first 4,00U pounds of
new extracted clover honey.

Beeswax is in good demand at 24®28c. for
good to choice velTow. C. F. MUTH & SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

'rmm rnvmrnmicKn be® joisRifaiL.

421

^_^ * ■»■ ^ ^ * ^ *^

BCSINESS MANAGER.

cszzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzxxznzzzzn

justness Notices.

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t^" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
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Sample free.

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TheApiculturist 17.">.... 165

Bee-KccpiTs' Advance 150 140

Ciuiadiau Hee ,7ovn-nal 2 00 ... 180

The 7 above-nameij papers 5 25 5 00

and Langstroth Revised (Dadant) 3 00 2 75

Cook's Manual (1S87 edition) 2 25.. . 2 00

(Juinby's New Hee-Keeiiing. 2 50 2 25

Doolittle on Queen-Rearing. 2 00 175

Bees and Honey (Newman).. 2 00 175

Binderfor Am. liee Journal. 160 150

Dzierzon's Bee-Hook (cloth). .3 00.... 2 00
Root's ABC of Bee-Culture 2 25 ... . 210

Farmer's Account Book 4 00 2 20

Western World Guide 150.... 130

Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150 140

A Year Among the Bees 1 .50 1 35

Convention Hand-Book 150. .. 130

Weekly Inter-Ocean 2 00.... 175

Toronto Gloiie (weekly) 200.... 170

History of National S'ociety. 150 12

American Poultry Journal.
The Lever (Temperance) . . .

2 00.

150
1 75

I>o not send to us for sample copies
of any other papers. Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.

A IVew Method (if Treating Disease.

HOSPITAL REMEDIES.

What are they ; There is a new departure
in the treatment of disease. It consists in
the collection of the specifics used by noted
specialists of Europe and America, and
bringing them within the reach of all. For
instance, the treatment pursued by special
physicians who treat indigestion, stomach
and liver troubles onlj', was obtained and
prepared. The treatment of other physi-
cians, celebrated for ctrring catarrh, was
procured, and so on till these incomparable
cures now include disease of the lungs,
kidneys, female weakness, rheumatism and
nervous debility.

This new method of "one remedy for one
disease " must appeal to the common-sense
of all sufferers, many of whom have experi-
enced the ill ett'erts, and thorough!}- realize
the absurdity of the claims of Patent
Medicines which are guaranteed to cure
every ill out of a single bottle, and the use
of which, as statistics prove, has ruined
more stomachs tJian nlcohol. A circular
describing these new remedies is sent free
on receipt of stamp to pay postage, by
Hospital Remedy Company, Toronto, Can-
ada, sole proprietors.

51D26t Imly.

Cliapnian ll»iiey-Plant $$ee<1.—

This plant has been commended by some of
the most experienced beekeepers in
America, as being " a most valuable acqui-
sition to the list of bee-forage plants." 'The
seed may be scattered in waste jjlaces, or
it may be sown in drills or hills like onion
seed. We can furnish the seed, postpaid,
at the following prices : Single ounce, 40
cents; 4 ounces, SI. (10; 10 ounces, S2.00;
or one pound for S3. 00.

READEliS

Oi tlllM .luliriial \i'lio
wrilc to :iiiy of uiir
advertiMcrM iinint; Itn
coIiiiniiN, ciilier in <>rd<-rini£ or aMklii;;
liiroriiiatloM rci^ardiii;; tlic coiiiiiiodity
offered, will I'aTor llie |>iil>li«liorM by
Ktatiiig tliey natv tbe Adverllfteiut'iit lu
tills paper.

^(lucrtiscmcuts.

\<rtV R<»wlv til Kllin Tested Itiilian Queens,
m\\ a(-ilU) 10 m\\) ji.oo eacli; Untested!
75 cents, or three for -$2.00.
25Atl GOOD BROS., NAPPANEE. IND.
Mention the Americaii Bee Journal.

NflTTP F 'l'''"f ™J' FOUNDATION is low
iiUllL/ILin price, and high in quality.
For Brood, 40c; for Sections, oOc per pound.
Send for Sam])les.

24A4t WILBKK G. FISH, Illiaoa, N.V.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

Tlie"(Jlobe"BeeVeil

Price, by Mail or Express, $1.00.

There are five cross-
bars united b.v a rivet
through their center at
the top. These bars are
buttoned to studs on the
neck-band. The bars are
of best lightspringsteel.
The neck-band is of best
hard spring brass. The
cover is of white bobinet
with black face-piece to
see through.

It is very easily put together; no trouble to
put onor takootf; and folds compactly in a
paper box f>x7 inches, by one inch deep. The
protection against bees is perfect— the weight
of the entire Veil being only Ave ounces.

Ii\ A RECENT FIRE

The netting of 60 dozens of these Veils were
soiled by smoke. These complete Veils we
offer, postpaid, at 60 cents eacU or two for
$1.10, if ordered at the same time. They are
practically just as good as ever, but slightly
soiled. To secure these at a bargain— Order
at once.

We will send this Veil and the Bee Journal
one year, for J1.50 ; or we will give the Veil
FKIi:x: for two NEW .itubscribers to the
Bee Journal- [or one for the Bee Journal
and one for the Home JouRN.-iL] for one year
with $2.00 for the subscriptions.

THOMAS G. NEWMAN &. SON,
246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

■
-., -^„_^ .^^ entire outfit of
. . ^„ „..„„„ colonies of Bees, extra Hives
t-upers. Sections; etc.

F. WARDELL TAYIOR.

24A2t LANGHORNE, PA.

BEES FOR SALE

Wllily sell very cheap mv
10 strong ■ •

B:^" T'uC ne.xt meeting of the Carolina Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will be held in Cliarlotte. N. C, on
Thursday. July 17, 1890. N. P. Lyles, Sec.

IF YOU WANT BEES

That will just "roll" in the honev trv
MOORE'S STRAIN OF ITAMiNS. the
result of 11 years' careful breeding Pricpv--
Warranted Queens, $1.00 each: 3 for .josn'
Those who ha\e never dealt with me I refer to
A. I. Hoot. Medina, O., who has purchased of
me, duringthe past 10 years. 415 Oueens
„-.,. Address, J. P. MOOKE, "■
2oAlt Morgan, Peudletou Co.. Kv
^^ Money Order Office, Falmouth Ky

^22 TM® MBdERicMi* mmm j@-&Mnmi^.

MY CARKIUN APIARY

MUST BE SOLD AT ONCE,

To Allow lue to Keiuove to Colorado
Springs.

"Tou have the best Cai-niolans in the comit ry."
— H Alley. Select Imported Queen, *o.CIO;
Untested, Jl.OO: '» doz..it5,00; one iioundbees,
$1 00; 3-1'rame Nucleus, 12.50, Full colony in
Simplicity one-stoi-y Hive, with nine Frames,
$.-)00: add price ot Queen you want. Queens
hv mail,— others by express or freight as
directed. Safe arrival of all guaranteed. Ke-
mittauce of currency, 'bank-draft or money
order must accompany order: 10 per cent,
discount on orders of KO.OO or over.

S. W. MORRISON, M.D.,

25D2t Oxford, Chester Co., Pa.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

^^EJglitlivEditioii^Jnst^Fiiblished^

TIcw and Revised Edition

—OF—

HONEY,

Management of the Apiary

The above illustration shows the bO pound
SQU4.UE Honey Cans which are becoming
quite popular for shipping extracted honey.
They are enclosed in
I solid case of wood,
land the boxes contain
either one or two Cans
I as may be preferred.
I "We can furnish them
I at the following prices,
jwith a IK^inch Screw
I Cap in the corner of
Beach Can.

H For the oonvenieiice
Pof digging out candied
honey, we can furnish
^.^^ these Cans with an

additional four- inch Screw Cap for 5 cents
extra on each Can.

1 Single Can ... . (boxed) S _-45

12 " Cans... ;; o.OO

100 " " ... ■i'JI.'y

1 box of two Cans ■ '^

13 boxes " „? ■'jJ

100 " " '^°-"°

THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,
246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

POULTRYforMARKET

AND

POllLTMtorPEOPlT

The Lever.

THE NATIONAIi

. . . TEMPERANCE NEWSPAPEB.

Bright! Newsy! and Enterprising!
-Z-OTT SliOTTLX) I^EJA-ID IT.

Send for Sample Copy.

To New Subscribers, Only 50c a Year.

This offer closes November 1.

Center- Lever Company,

134 Van Burcn Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

i:iA13t— 4M3t

WHEN A«SWE»ir.<i THIS ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAL.

By "FANNY FIELD."
The most profitable Poultry Raiser in America

Written expressly for those who
ARE Interested in Poultry and wish
TO MAKE IT Profitable.
CONTENTS:
Clears $4.49 on each fowl.
Cost of keeping adult fowls pr year.
Cost of raising Chicks to six months
OF AGE. Spring management.

12,480 EGGS FROM lOO HENS A YEAR.

How TO Feed for Eggs in winter.

H.\TCHING HOUSES. CLEANLINESS.

No Sickness among the fowls.
A word to Farmers, Farmers' Wives,
Sons, Daughters, and others in
terested in Poultry _^^^»*-i^ ir
'a 60 ACRE Poultry i^ ^
Farm that yields'^
a clear profit of
$1,500 a year. [bator.

Si Chicks out of 100 eggs with Incu-
Raising Broilers. Food for Chicks.
Turkey Raising. Keeping Eggs.
The cause c f Death of young Turkeys
Keeping Poultry on a Village lot.
A Mechanic's Wife clears$300 annually

on Broilers. Feed in Winter.
Artificial Raising of Chicks.
Incubators. Brooders.
Capons. Caponizing.
Tells Everything about
THE Poultry business.
Ffite SB Cents, post paid.

Or given for One New Yearly Subscriptior

besides your own for this Journal.

THO8. O. JIE'WMAJi * SON,

;46 E.ast Madison Street. - CHICAGO, ILLS.

FOR PLEASURE AND PROFIT

— HV—

THOMAS G. NEWMAN,

Editor 0! the American Bee Journal

This edition has been largely re-written,
thorouffhly revised, and is " fully up with the
times" in all the improvements and inventions
in this rapidlv-developinpr pursuit.and presents
the apiarist with everything that can aid in
the successful management of an apiary, and
at the same time produce the most honey in
an attractive condition. It contains 250
pages and 245 iUustrations-is heauatuUy
printed in the highest style of the art, and
bound in cloth, gold lettered. Price, $1.00-

'' LiBEniL Discount to dealers, by the dozen

or hundi-ed.

THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

..^ This new edition of our Bees and
Honey will be given as a Premium for only
lliree ne^v subscribers, with $3.00 ;
or clubbed with the this Journal for $1.75.

Sr>iirriA»Itj $3.00 per 1,000. Foundation
IAj 1 IVllO Alsike Cliivcr Seed and JapaneS'

ion,

^m.y..- .ni^iji^ .-<". ^. --. Japanese

Buckwheat, chea|. as the cheapest. Spec-
ial prices to dealers. Send for our free
price list. M- H. miPiT,
IDtf- BELL BRANCH, MICH.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

____ uAUrC At Uie rate they have beengo.
rnttnUlllljJf ttirbeKoneinSyears. Now 13
IS^to^^uw aa Eioh Land tn the Sun utimca on at $1.25 per Ocrc.

them. U »oll " 'or .ntomttion ot .11 Mate, and T.rnlonai, .tn.i J" "»•»
„d.00o™tl,.l«n.*.l Enmrinm. a l'«n;"?J™ J^°°"";,°' 'i' ""^L

B»l» Add,o» THE WESTERN WORI.l>, Chloaijo, 111-

Mentton the American Bee Journal.

PATENTS

TUC* P SI.VIPSON, Washinaton
I) C Nil atty'a lee until Patent <Jb
tainetl. Write lor Inventor's Guide

BEESWAX WANTED.

Bee»wax.-We will pay 87 cents per
pound, in Cash, for Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
ered here.

H^- To avoid mistakes, the name of the
shipper should always be on each package.

THOS. G. NEWTWAN & SON,
246 Bart MlKlison Street, CHICAGO, ILLf.

BEES AND HONEY

. Th.' Dovetailed 8trons:e«fc. WeRt antl

,1r,-i to the LsricBt Uee-Hlvc Foe-
lory In the World f..r.»nnpleoorT or

rrili'.i Bouii-ruontbly). an'l a tt^' .

,r.,od catalofue of ".'ef-ge*";"?
KuDDlleo. Our A B fof Bee tul-

ture h"^':'°P='"*"' *"' I'll:;,"''"'' "''
;.ooV;». Price i..j'oth^«'"„ 03- if'"'--

.u paper. A. I. ROOT, Metllna, O

Scientific (|iieeii-Reariiig

AS PKACTICA1,I.Y APPWEB ;

Beinp a Method by which tlie very best of

Queen-Bees are reared in perfect accord

with Nature's Way ; by

G. M. DOOLITTLE.

In this book the author details the results
of his Experiments in Rearing Queen-Bees for
the past four or Ave years, antl is the Hrst
to present his discoveries to the World.

Bound inCloth-176 PaKeB-Prlce, $ 1 .00,
postpaid: or, it will be Cluhbeti with the
American Bee Journal one year for *1'„=>—
with the Illustrated Home Journal, loj SJ-'^ •
or the two Journals and the Book for $2.o0.

THOS. G. NEAVMAN & SON,

•246 East Madison Street. - CHICAGO, ILL.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

7— =-11 Eaton's Improved

SSL t^KVTHt^S-VASK.

^^^ i BEES & tJUEENS. Send

Ifor tree catitlo^'ue. Adtlress

Frank A. Eaton,

^^^_^^__^^ IDtt Bluffton, Ohio

Mention theAme'^>ran Bee Journal.

Bee -Hives, Sections, &c.

On and after Feb. 1, 1890.- we will sell our
No 1 V-srroove Sections in lots ot oOO as 1(31-
lows: Less than 2,000 at $3.50 per thousand;
o 000 to 5,000 at $3.00 per thousand. Write
"tor special prices on larger quantities No -
Sections $2.00 per thousand. Send for Frice-
List for other Supplies. Address,

J. STAUFFEK A: SONS,

31Atf <^"'=^'^^^'"" '° ^NAPPANEE," ND.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

THE M^^mmicKn mwB journ^i,.

427

"■■'■^■^^^

EPrroR.

Vol. mi. Me 28, 1690, No. 26,

EdITOMML BmEIMQS,

Affloyr with her roses, June days will die —
The bees are busy ; the winds are gay —
A chorus of birds chant roundelay,

And winged things float on the sunbeams by.

The world is glad, and never a sigh
Breaks on the joy of the longest day —

Aglow with her roses June travels by,
The bees are busy ; the winds are gay.

HF^" Excessive swarming interferes with
gathering honey. To prevent this, destroy
the queen-cells as fast as they are built,
and give the bees abundance of room to
store honey.

1^°" By paragraph 230 of the Saxony
Book of Laws, bee-keepers in that county
are sole owners of an absconding swarm
for two days after swarming, the swarm-
ing day not included, if found on any
property ; but damages, if any occur, must
be paid by the bee-keeper. After two days
the swarm is considered ownerless.

1^" Shade for hives, in excessively
warm weather, is desirable. It may be
done with cloth or boards on a light frame.

It^" ' ' First Principles in Progressive
Bee-Culture," by G. K. Hubbard, is the
title of a pamphlet of 68 pages, just issued
by the author, whose Catalogue of 40
pages is added. It contains a digest of the
art of bee-keeping, which will be very
valuable to the beginner and the amateur,
who have none of the larger and more
extensive books.

Supply Dealers who desire to handle
a good Bee- Veil, should write for our dozen
rates on the"Globe" Bee-Veils, to sell again.

Xo Sell the llwuey 4,'i'wp, let all

now prepare ill advance. The home mar-
ket is the place In sell all that is possible,
and in this way the city markets will not
be overstocked, and good prices can be
maintained.

Remember that a liberal distribution of
Honey Almanacs among those you expect
to buy your houcy, will prepare them for
purchasing, and create a demand for it.
These should be distributed in advance,
and you will be surprised at the market
you have at your very doors.

When selling Ijoney, leave an extra copy
to be given to friends of those buying it.
The experience or' all who have used them
is uniform as to the result — large and un-
expected sales ! Try at least 100 copies,
and surprise yourself at the result. See
page -137 of this Journal for prices.

L,ady Il<-e-Iieepers seem to have
almost completely occupied the " corres-
pondence" columns of the Bee Journal last
week — did you notice it ? Messrs. Shuck
and Timpe were ably and gracefully fol-
lowed by Mrs. J. N. Heater, Kit Clover
and Miss Dema Bennett, in three respec-
tive articles descriptive of general bee-
keeping, a graphic report of the condition
of bees in the spring, and closing with a
complete chapter on " Queens." In the
articles of this trinity of "queenly" cor-
respondents is illustrated quite clearly the
fitness and adaptability of women to the
art and industry of modern apiculture :
and that with patient and persevering
application and devotion to the demands of
the proper culture of bees, our worthy
sisters may achieve honor as well as
pecuniary success.

We have just heard of the death of
Mr. S. B. Ryder, of Brandon, Vt. He was
the editor of the Brandon Union, and a
vigorous and pleasing writer. His wife
writes thus :

He was much interested in bee-culture ;
but from press of business and jioor health,
the practical part fell to me, which I en-
joyed, and I still keep the bees, and hope to
increase and build up a business, as they
are doing well. Your book, "Bees and
Honey," was the first bee-literature that I
invested in, and I find the revised volume
delightfully new and fresh.

C. W. Dayton has published ten
pages of additional matter to his recent
book, entitled. "The Queen-Restrictor,"
with an engi'aving which shows his method
for fastening 5 brood-frames together with
queen-excluding zinc at the bee-spaces and
outside frames.

By the Patent OfBce Report we
r>otice that a patent was issued on June 17,
1890, to Henry Alley, on his Bee-Swarmer,
which was described and illustrated on
page 27, of the Bee Journal.

■ 'utlK-i- I.,au{;Mlr«>lli is again heard
from through Mrs. Cowan, his daughtei-.
In acknowledging the reception of our
subscription to his Annuity, she writes as
follows :

Datto.v, O., June 18, 1890.

Mh. TnoMAs G. New.max. —Dcrir Friend :
— How I wish that you might have the
pleasure of a letter from my dear father
himself, conveying the appreciation of your
frieudshii), which bis loving heart knows
so well how to express. He is still, how-
ever, unable to write, and is no better
than when I wrote you last. He feels your
kindness deeply, and said, when I read him
your letter, "Mr. Newman has been a
faithful and most kind friend to me always.
The Lord will reward him."

AVith the kindest regards from my father
and myself, Your sincere friend,

Anna L. Cowan.

We hope all those who subscribed to that
Fund will remember to send the amounts
to him as soon as they can spare them. His
address is : " Rev. L. L. Langstroth, 928
Steele Avenue, Dayton, O."

Uno'wleds'e, a new weekly magazine,
occupies a new field, and if it accomplishes
what it undertakes, it ought to be indis-
pensable to every owner of a Cyclopedia.
It proposes to answer the almost infinite
number of questions upon which one ordi-
narily consults a Cyclopedia, and Jails to
find the ansicer, generally because the
Cyclopedia is not "up to data"— it was
published, probably, five years ago, or,
mayhap, ten or more years ago. "The
world moves," and the most important
questions that want answers are of to-day.
not of yesterday. For instance, Caprivi
succeeds Bismarck as Chancellor of Ger-
many ; who is Caprivi ? How do you pro-
nounce his name ? A terrible storm at
Apia. Where is that ? How do you pro-
nounce it ; A revolution in Brazil a few-
weeks ago. What is the new status ; And
so on. If you consult any Cyclopedia, and
fail to find the answer to your question, or
you find authorities differing, send a postal
card to Knowledr/e, and find your answer
in the next week's issue. The magazine is
published in handsome and handy form,
and a complete index is promised twice a
year, with bound volumes at a nominal
price to its subscribers. A specimen copy
of the magazine will be sent free to any
applicant. The price, like all the issues of
this publisher, is hardly more than nominal
—$1.00 a year. J. B. Alden, Publisher, 393
Pearl St., N. Y., also Chicago and Altanta.

Eg" The excellent article in this issue of
the Bee Ji.iurn.u,, by Mr. R. McKnight, on
the " Composition of Honey," was written
for competition last winter in response to
the offer of prizes for essays on Extracted
Honey. Its extreme length ruled it out of
competition — the limit being 3.000 words
— but it will be considered a very valuable
contribution to bee-literature by our read-
ers generally, and will be read with more
than ordinary interest.

428 THU^ aMERICJEl* mmW J©URI«S.l^.

^tf ^*^*.^^^*.^^^^^ ^^^.^^.^^^^^

Pastor ^Veyaamlt's l^cotiiresare

thus commented upon in the Leipziger
Bicncnzcitunfj. and translated by the Rev.
S. Roese :

" Flacht, a secluded spot in Gel-many, has
become noted for its second course of lec-
tures on Modern Bee-Keeping, by Pastor
Weygandt, given on April 7 and 8,1890.
Bee-keepers from all parts of the Conti-
nent (from Russia, Sweden, Lusembourgh,
and Switzerland) were present ; about 70
in number. Over 100 visitors from the
surrounding country were present daily.
The people of Flacht did all in their power
to welcome their guests ; to add to their
comfort, and make them all feel at home
during the session. Mr. Dathe, the noted
master of the art. aided the exhibition by
bringing 67 colonies of bees, with boxes
and supers, and placing them,with the rest,
on the practically arranged stand.

"The interesting lectures were intro-
duced by the remarks of Teacher Stark,
and Hen- Rudolph Dathe continued the
interest in his skillful way of illustrating
successful bee-keeping.

" Pastor Weygandt followed in his mas-
terly, fluent and charming way of present-
ing points and facts of wonderful interest,
worthy of being weU digested by all who
heard him.

"Every question asked by any manor
child was answered gentlemanly and
politely, and all fears that the course of
lectures might be a one-sided one, became
banished by the ' truth and fact ' as ruling
elements.

" The arrival of the bee-keeping friends
was full of joy and gladness, but the part-
ing was sadness and sorrow, because love
and good-wm had kindled and filled each
heart."

Boys and Bees.— Mrs. L. Harrison,
in the Prairie Fanner, has this to say
about the use of Decoy Hives, and the fun
the boys often have with catching bees :

Boys, now is the time to place hives to
catch runaway swarms. I knew of a farmer
who had 3 colonies of bees ; they all died
one very cold winter, and he left the hives
standing upon their summer stands. It was
on the prairie, where there was no hollow
trees and during swarming time the hives
were' all filled by runaways. He had a
hard time to keep one from taking posses-
sion of the side of his house, gomg through
a knot-hole. In the fall the hives were fuU
of honey, and there was plenty of surplus
for the family.

In the State of Connecticut, there is a
law against setting decoy hives in the
woods, or anywhere else, to catch runaway
bees, making it a misdemeanor, punishable
by fine or imprisonment. It is a foolish
law and is no doubt a dead-letter on the
law-books. It is humanity, boys, to take
care of the little "fellows" who have been
silly enough to run away from home, hunt-
ing for a hollow tree. See how many you
can catch, and report to us.

Joliann lieinrich llseu.

The Rev. Stephen Roese has trans-
lated for the Amekicax Bee Joirsal the
following biographical notes from the
Deutsche Ulustriertb Blenenzeitung for
January, 1890, of the noted bee-keeper
whose name is found at the head of this
article, and we have re-engraved his like-
ness from the same source :

The editor of the weekly Brithh Bee
Journal, Mr. Cowan, said on one occasion
while publishing the biography of a Ger-
man bee-keeper, and speaking of ministers
and teachers, that "there are more wide-
awake and energetic bee-keepers among
this class of people, than any other." How
true this saying is, is proved by both home
and foreign bee-papers. We remind the
reading public of Dr. Dzierzon, Langstroth,
Schoenfeld, Weygandt, Rabbow, Schachin-
ger, Schmidt, Kanitz, Lehzen, Krancher,
Albertz, FuUerer. Seilen, etc. With those
men, especially the teachers' class, the

Johaiin Heinrlch Ilgen.

man whose biography and likeness here
given, is closely connected.

Mr. Ilgen was born in Palzin, near Pom-
merania, Prussia, on Jan. 27, 1829. He at-
tended the teachers' seminary at Koesliu
(Pommem), and after four years and a
month of faithful service, he was appointed
teacher at Ruegenwalde,in Zanow,iu 1854,
and in 1860 he was called as seminary
teacher to Cammin, where it became one of
his duties to instruct the seminary pupils
in apiculture ; for this latter additional
work, Mr. Ilgen received not one penny.
Only 6 colonies of bees were furnished him,
and the income of these, if any, was to be
tor himself, which did not amount to much
the first few years, on account of poor
pasture; and had it not been for Mr. Hgen's
continuity and faithfulness in all his en-
gagements, he would not have remained
true to apiculture, but nothing could dis-
courage him. Although his income from
bee-culture was small, yet with untiring
efforts he aimed to spread the knowledge
of this science.

For his home community his efforts have
been crowned with great success ; tor those
whom he had served as teacher, knew how
to value that which they had learned, and
by their practice and deeper searching,
they added greatly toward apicultural
knowledge.

Alter this he founded the bee-keepers'
association at Cammin (Prussia), with only
11 members. His onward steps were
mocked and sneered at, yet nothing could
move him, and shortly after a rich honey-
harvest was realized, even in Pommern,
and the time came when honey was
not only sold by the hundred weight, but it
was of excellent quality also, and far bet-
ter than by the way of stationary combs,
in old-fashioned hives.

In the meantime, light had dawned upon
the people, and the Cammin Bee-Keepers'
Association embraced 13 branch societies,
with a membership of .500. who, in the
spirit and with the mind of Ilgen,remained
active and at work, and what their associa-
tions have proved capable of doing, has
fully been made known at the great exhibi-
tion and gathering of bee-keepers at Stettin,
where many carried with them even Hgen's
lectures, which he had delivered in cities
and villages, and his hints on rational bee-
keeping—a book which has been published
in three editions, and also his practical
hive, called the " Hgen Lagerkasten." His
method of bee-keeping can truly be called
that of a pedagogue.

He is not a stormer in his advancement
to overthrow at once everything old, Lmt
he connects to that which is known, the
unknown new thing ; he lets the people
keep, at first, their old hives, and taught
them to harvest honey in them, without
killing the bees for the honey, and showed
them the advantages of the new method
with movable frames, which caused the
people themselves to adopt movable-frame
hives.

He was twice happily married, three
children resulting from each. Ilgen was
enabled to attend many bee-keepers' con-
ventions, where he, as a speaker, was
always listened to with great interest, and
his labors never lacked appreciation ; this
is proved by the many medals he received,
among which is one of gold, and several of
silver ; but the highest honor and token of
appreciation of his service, rendered for
the advancement of apiculture, was be-
stowed upon him on the occasion of the
gathering of bee-keepers at Stettin (Prus-
sia), when Graf Behr,of Regendank,handed
him that which showed that His Majesty,
Emperor of Germany, had presented him
with the Royal Kronen Order, 4th Class.

May God grant life, health and prosperity
to this useful man, tbat his services in the
interest of apiculture may long continue.

Bee-Keepins tor Profit, by Dr.

G. L. Tinker, is a new oO-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted honey, and the construction of
the hive best adapted to it— his "Nonpareil."
The book can be had at this office for 25c.

A ISice Pocket Dictionary will be

given as a premium for only one nOT
subscriber to this Journal, with $1.00. It
is a splendid little Dictionary— just the
right size for the pocket. Every school boy
and school girl, as well as everybody else,
should own and use it. Price, 85 Cents.

Xlie Honey Almanac is just the
thing to use to sell your new honey, as
soon as it is taken from the hives. Just
order some printed, stating your crop of
7iei« ?ioney is ready for delivery. It will
go like hot cakes ! See prices on page 437 .

Tmm mv^mmicmn mmm journjii,.

429

Ijove Anions' tlio 4Jlovoi-<

Over and over the purple clover.

Under the mcciiw.KKl tree.
Sweet Ilessu' ciniiL'struyiuK.for wild tiawers Mayini^,
And sun^' in her iu;iidon glee :
"Obey. O hn 1
There's n laddy I know
Who joys niv face to .sec.
Fair blossoms. I pray, what shall I say
When llobin comes wooiny u' me.

Dear heart-
When Uobin comes wooing o' me ?"

Dver and under the boughs asnnder.

Through the wood came Robin ere long ;
In the olden fashion he caroled liis passion,
And the liuwthorn swayed to his sont; :
"O bey.O ho!
The way I know-
She droi)ited me this flower to tell ;
But wliat she will say this blossomy day ?
Would tbat Iknew itaswell.

Dear hearts
Would that I knew it as well."

Over and over the fragrant clover
The bees were bumming till late.
And where is the laddy, and what luck had he,
A-woointr his blithesome mate ?
O hey, O ho !
They walk so slow.
Brown Rnbin and blushing Bei^s ;
But what did be say in the woud to-day 7
I think 1 will leave you to guess,

Dear heart—
I think 1 will leave you to guess.

— SAMCTEL M. Peck.

Replies.

Carniolan Bees — Are tlicy Supe-
rior to Italians i

Written for the American Bee Journal

QuERT 713. — 1. What are the objections
to the Carniolan bees? 2. Wherein are
they superior to the Italians? 3. Is it a
fact that they rear more drones? — G. W.

I have never tried them. — J. P.H. Browx.

See my article on page 39. — A. J. Cook.

I have had no experience with them — R.
L. Tatloe.

I have had no experience with them. —
Mks. L. H.iUEisox.

I have had no experience with Carniolan
bees. — J. M. Hambaugh.

I cannot answer either question. I have
had no experience with them. — M. Mahix.

1. Their color. 3. Comb honey stored
by them is whiter than when stored by
Italians.— A. B. Mason.

1 have not had enough experience with
tJiem to give a just answer.— Eugexe Secok.

1. As yet I see no objections. 2. There
is a gi-eat difference in Italians. 3. Not
with me. — H. D. Cuttixg.

1. They are black, and it is impossible to
detect whether they are pure. 2. In no
way that we know. — Dad.ixt & Sox.

1. There are none. 3. They rear no more
drones than other races, under similar cir-
cumstances.— C. H. DiBEERN.

I never had any. The stories of their
swarming seared me. Besides, I am afraid
I could not tell them from blacks or hybrids.
— C. C. Miller.

1. They cannot readily be distinguished
from the German bees. 2. I do not think
that they are. 3. Drone-rearing is con-
trolled by the amount of drone-comb
allowed in each hive, — G. M. Doolittle

1. "Excessive swarming," I believe. 2.
In early and steady brood-rearing ; in non-
use of propolis, gentleness, and superior

honey-gathering <|ualities — working earlier
and later. 3. I think not. — W. M. Bakni.m.

1. None that I know of. 2. They cap
their combs so as to appear whiter. 3.
They do rear nioi-e drones even when no
drone-comb is given to them ; but I may
not have had the best strains on trial.— G.
L. Tinker.

1. I do not know that there is any ob-
jection to them. 2. I do not think them
superior to the Italians ; they are said to hie
better tempered, and not to stick to the
combs as closely as the Italians. 3. I have
never heard tbat they reared more drones,
but they are said by some to swarm too
freely.— J. E. Poxd.

I will not try to answer this question for
I have not had enough experience with
Carniolaus. I lielieve, however, to-day,
that a judicious and well bred cross be-
tween the best strains of Italians and
Germans, are superior to any other race of
bees or cross breed of bees yet known to
bee-keepers. — James Heddon.

1. My chief objection is that they belong
to the dark races of bees, and there is no
distinguishing marks that will certainly
identify them as pertains to purity. 2.
That is the question exactlj-. Are they
superior to the Italians ! It is best to wait
and see " wherein they are superior." 3.
They are a prolific race, and this trait
insures plenty of drones. I have the stock
right from their native home in upper
Carniola, and I aver that they are so
nearly like some individual hybrids to be
seen in any Italian apiary, that no man
living can distinguish them. So far as I
have tried them, they are the best of all
the dark hees I have any knowledge of, but
I must wait for further developments. — G.
W. De.maree.

They will not live many days, that is
certain, il; no honey fab.solutely none) is in
the hive, or to be obtained from the flowers.
— G. L. Tinker.

I do not know. Through carelessness, I
have tried to keep them that way in the
cellar, but they get miuJ, and that fthe
mad; gives them the diarrhea, and they
besmear everything they can, and then
" up and die."— A. B. Mason.

A very short time, indeed — only so long
as the pollen gathered, has any honey
packed with it in the cells. Pollen is not a
food for full-grown bees, but only for
infants. — J. E. PoxD.

I do not think that adult bees can subsist
on pollen alone. There is likely to be a
little honey wherever there is pollen, and
hence the e.xperiment cannot be made con-
clusive.— G. W. Demaree.

Until the pollen is used up that was in
the hive when the bees began to eat their
brood. When no brood is being reared at
the time of the failure of the honey, the
bees will starve when the honey is gone,
pollen or no pollen. — G. M. Doulittle.

Pollen is not suitable food for full-grown
bees — and if there is no honey in the hive,
and none can be gathered from flowers, the
bees will not live many days — just how
long before starvation ensues, will depend
upon their activity. — The Editor.

Bees Living on Pollen in the
Summer Time.

Written for tlic American Bee Journal

Query 714. — How long will a colony of
bees live on pollen alone in the summer, if
there is no honey in the hive, and none to
be had from the flowers* — Minnesota.

Not long. — James Heddon.

I do not know. — H. D. Cutting.

I cannot say. — R. L. Tatloe.

Not many days.— M. Mahix.

I have never tested it. — Mrs. L. Haeei-

Not but a very short time. — Will M.
Baenum.

I have never experimented along that
line. — J. M. Hambaugh.

I think that they would starve very
soon. The exact time depends upon their
activity. — A. J. Cook.

I do not know, but my opinion is that
they would not live very long. — Eugexe
Secor.

I do not know, but I do not think that
they could exist many days without some
honey. — C. H. Dibbeen.

I never tried it. I have had them starve
with plenty of pollen in winter, but I do
not know how long they were at it. — C. C.
Miller.

Much depends in this question. The bees
have access to water. How do we know
that the bees are not getting some honey
from the flowers ?— J. P.»H. Brown. 1

Uoolittle on <tiieen-Re<triDg;.

Queens can be reared in the upper stories
of hives used for extracted honey, where a
queen-excluding honey-board is usefl, which
are as good, if not superior, to Queens
reared by any other process ; and that, too,
while the old Queeu is doing duty below,
just the same as though Queens were not
being reared above. This is a fact, though
it is not generally known.

If you desire to know how this can be
done — how to have Queens fertilized in up-
per stories, while the old Queeu is laying
below — how yon may safely introduce any
Queen, at any time of the year when bees
cay fly — all about the different races of
bees — all about shipping Queens, queen-
cages, candy for queen-cages, etc. — aU
about forming nuclei, multiplying or unit-
ing bees, or weak colonies, etc. ; or, in fact
everything about the queen-business which
you may want to know, send for"Doolit-
tie's Scientific Queen-Rearing;" a book of
1 70 pages, which is nicely bound in cloth,
and as interesting as a story. Price, $1.00.

ll^°° The French Government is compell-
ing bee-keepers in the Seine and Marne
Departments to remove their apiaries from
neighboring fields and highways 25 metres,
and in Oise Department the distance can
be 20 metres, which new order of things
compels many bee-keepers to dispose of
their bees.

j;^" If a cellar has a damp smell, and
cannot be thoroughly ventilated, a few
trays of charcoal set around on the floor,
shelves and ledges will make the air pure
and sweet. If a large basketful of char-
coal be i)laced in a damp cellar where milk
is kept, the milk will be in no danger of
becoming tainted. — Medical Classics.

430

THE; mwammi^mm mmm jQiamnmi^.

COMEl

QUEEN-CELLS.

Do Worker-Bees Destroy Queen-
Cells i — Jiist-Hatelied Queens.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY G. 51. DOOLITTLE.

A correspoudent writes to me thus :
"Lately I have seen it stated that bees
never destroy queen-cells until after
some queen has stung the embryo
queens, after which the workers will
remove the dead queens and tear down
the cells ; also, that should a young
queen emerge from a queen-cell placed
in a colony having a fertile queen, she
-would not be molested until the reign-
ing queen happened to meet her, when
the former would be dispatched. Do
j'ou find this to be the case ?"

In reply, I will state that I have not
found such to be the case ; and, further,
I stand ready to give the party who
claims such to be a fact, $100, if he or
she will come into my apiary and
demonstrate it, for I would willingly
pay that price to know how to intro-
duce a ripe queen-cell or a just-hatched
virgin queen to any colony I so desired
at the same time I took away a laying
queen. Even as good a bee-keeper as
Mrs. Harrison cannot do it, if we are
to judge from what she writes, when
she says :

" In my early days of bee-keeping, I
used to read that when forming a
nucleus by taking two combs of bees
and brood and placing them in an
empty hive where I wished the nucleus
to stand, I should give them a sealed
queen-cell at once. After trying it
very many times, they have been in-
variably destroyed, the bees building
queen-cells to suit themselves from the
eggs and larv;"e which they had."

To say that Mrs. Harrison has
jumped at these conclusions, or has not
had much experience, is belittling one
of our best api.arists — one who stands
as high in the ranks of bee-keepers, as
a careful, thorough, persistent experi-
menter, as any of the fraternity. No,
this will not do. Bees will destroy
queen-cells where no queen is present
in the hive to sting the inmates of the
cells, as I have learned hundreds of
times to ray s(jrrow. I do not say that
thej' will sting the embryo queen, for I
have no evidence to that effect ; but I
have often opened hives in which I
placed queen-cells a few hours before,
■to find the bees biting away at the
cells and dragging out the struggling
inmate, if such inmate was far enough
advanced to be about ready to hatch.

At times of swarming, when I have
had many cells about ready to hatch.

when taking them away to prevent
after-swarming, I have given as high
as a half dozen to a single colony from
which I had just taken a queen, and
in an hours' time had every cell opened
b}' the workers, the yoving queens
dragged from their cradles, and ruth-
lessly cast out at the entrance of the
hive. There has been no one thing
that I have labored on more patiently
than I have on this immediate intro-
duction of queen-cells when taking a
laying queen from a nucleus, for in it
there is much money to the queen-
rearer ; yet all of this labor was in vain
till I hit on the queen-cell protectors,
as I have given in my book, and pre-
viously in the different bee-papers. By
the use of these, I now put queen-cells
in any hive at the same time of taking
out the laying queen, and in most
cases make a success of it.

TREATMENT OF JCST-HATCHED QtJEENS.

As to the just-hatched queen not
being molested by the bees until the
reigning queen meets her, I find this
to be equally as mistaken au idea as
was that about the queen-cells. In the
past I have often tried to get a young
queen into a hive having an old and
woru-out queen, in the vain hope that
this young queen woidd supersede the
old one.

This was generally done with the
cells taken out in trying to stop after-
swarms as spoken of above. I would
listen until I found a cell in which I
could hear a queen gnawing at the lid
of the same, when I would take the
cell to such a colony, lift the quilt a
little, smoke the bees so as to keep
them from flying at me, when I would
carefully remove the end of the cell or
the side from the same, ,and let the
young (jueen out among the bees.

The very first thing they would do,
would be to seize the young, downy
thing, and commence to bite her wings
and legs, at the same time beginning
to draw her out of the hive, the same
as they did those which they removed
from the cells. I would smoke them
until they let go of her, only to have
her seized by the next worker which
came along.

Sometimes they would nin into a
cell to get awaj- from their tormenters.
for here they could stay with tlie points
of their abdomens sticking out, the
bees seeming unable to draw them out
or harm them while in the cells. Drone
cells are the ones the most often en-
tered, and it is nothing unusual to
have young queens stay in such cells
half a day at a time, when thej' are
being persecuted by the bees, whether
there is any other queen in the hive or
not. By so staying, the bees are often
obliged to tolerate them (where a
queen has been removed) till they are
finally accepted.

The above is the same as I find it
where I try to introduce a just-hatched
queen to a colony from which I have
taken a laying queen at the same time
I put in the young one. If 1 try to
run such young queens in at the en-
trance, as some claim they do, tlie
young queen is seized at once and im-
mediatel}' drawn from the hive and
cast away, in nine cases out of ten. If
she is older, then she is clustered by
the bees, or " balled," as it is usually
termed.

It may be that m}' bees are different
from others, and need educating, but
I suspect that all bees are very much
alike ; therefoi-e I repeat what I have
said before, that *100 is ready for any
one who will demonstrate to me in my
own yard, that queen-cells or young
queens can be successfully introduced
at the time of taking away a laying
queen, without any more precaution
than inserting the queen-cell or letting
the young queen run in. Here is a
chance for bee-keepers to earn "an
honest penny," and at the same time
get a name which will stand high
among apiarists for ages to come.

Borodino, N. Y.

PRIZE ESSAY.

Extracted Honey — Wiiere it
Comes From, What it is, etc.

Written for the American Bee Journal
BY R. m'knight.

"Extracted honey" is a modern
phrase employed onlj^ since the intro-
duction of the honey-extractor. It is
generally used by the bee-keepers of
America, when referring to honey
separated from the comb, in contra-
distinction to honey iu the comb. In
Britain, the same article is known as
" run honey ;" by the uninitiated it is
frequently denominated "strained
honey."

Extracted is the purest form in
which honey can be procured ; but not
the form in which it commands the
highest price in the market. There
are two or three reasons why comb
honey should be more highly esteemed:
The first of these is founded in the be-
lief, on the part of many, that only in
this condition can it be obtained iu
absolute purity ; another reason with
some people is because a sense of the
beautiful, combined with a relish for
what is delicious, predominates.

We can admire the man if we can,-
not commend his extravagance, who,
knowing the relative good value of
both, prefers to pay a higher price for
comb than for extracted honey, for
certainly nothing that can be put upon
the breakfast table e<iuals a piece of

THE mimmmicKn bee; jqurnjkil.

431

snow-white comb honoy in its combi-
nation of the beautiful and the good.

Still another reason is found in the
greatly difterent flavor and aroma of
comb, as compared with e.xtracted
hone}-. In extracted honey we have
the pure nectar flavorcii with the es-
ential oils of the flowers from which it
is gathered, while in comb honey we
have added to these, the flavor and
aroma of the beeswax that constitutes
the honey-comb. It was in this com-
bined form, mainly, that honey was
eaten, from when history began until
the extractor was introduced. David —
the sweet singer of Israel — associated
this delicious combination with gold,
when extolling the righteous judgments
of the Lord. He says, "More to be
desired .are they than gold ; sweeter,
also, than honey and the honey-
comb."

It is not to be wondered at that peo-
ple are to be found even in this en-
lightened age, who are willing to pay
a premium for the privilege of eating-
beeswax with their honey. The com-
bination inspires a conlidence in its
purity, and preserves a flavor peculiar
to itself. Notwithstanding a difference
in tastes, and the existence of preju-
dices, the fact remains that extracted
honey is hone}' in its purest and most
nutritive form.

When fully ripened, it is a translu-
cent, saccharine fluid, somewhat
greater than that of good syrup, with
a specitic gravity ranging from 1.415
to 1.440. It is a vegetable product,
collected by bees from the blossoms of
plants. The fluid when first gathered
differs from honey, however, in more
Inspects than one ; and is denominated
" nectar."

Nectar has not as great a specific
gravity as cured honey ; but the main
diftercnce between nectar and honey
is, that the sugar in nectar is identical
with that derived from the cane or
beet-root ; while the sugar of honey is
similar to that of grape. How this
chemical change is brought about, is
now pretty well understood. It is an
accepted theory that the change is
effected by a salivary secretion of the
bee, incorporated with and acting
upon the nectar, while in the mouth
and the honey-s,ac. Pi-of. Cook, I be-
lieve, holds this theory to be correct.
So do most other eminent authorities.

Cheshire in his "Bees and Bee-
Keeping," Vol. I, page 236, says :
" From what has been already said of
the glandular and tongue structure of
bees, it is clear that a salivary secre-
tion is added to the gathered nectar,
and that this, like the saliva in our own
case, converts the cane into grape
sugar." The change thus effected in
the sugar of nectar is of the greatest
importance, because cane-sugar, when

unchanged, is indigestible, and, in a
measure, poisonous ; while grape-sugar
or glucose is easily digested and rap-
idly assimilated.

But few complete analyses of honey
have been made, so that its exact
chemical compounds are not generally
known. Perhaps the best is that of
Dr. Brown, which I give here, as
copied from page 129, of Blythe's
" Foods, their Analysis and Composi-
tion:"

If honey be left iu the hive until the
combs are sealed over before extract-
ing, its sulfsequent treatment is <juile
simple. All that will bo required to
preserve it in good form, will be to
keep it in a dry, warm room. If stored
in a damp place, and left unsealed, it
will deteriorate in quality, from the
absorption of moisture for which it lias
a strong aflinity, and will lose much of
that ropy consistency which is a char-
acteristic of good honey.

COMPOSITION OF HONEY OF VARIOUS COUNTRIES.

Water Expelled at 100°

Water Expelled at a much (
higherTemperature andloss I

Levulose

Dextrose

Cane Sugar ; »

Wax, Pollen and insoluble i

matter I

Ash

a

3

,

^2
'3

3

H

.a

g
s

1
S

a

3
O

$

'3

3

.a

19.10

16.40

15.50

19.11

19. so

18.80

19.46

1

1-7.90 18.47

7.60

6.56

4.95'll.00

7.80

6.66

7.58

8.13 10.03

36.60

37.30

36. 88^33. 14

■40.00

37.26

33.19

37.85 35.96

36.50

39.70

43.50 36.58 32. 20,34.9635. 21

36.01

38.47

doubt
ful.

1.20

1.9

nearly

2.20

doubt
ful.

trace.

trace.

trace.

trace.

.05

2.10

trace.

trace.

.15

.li

.17

.17

.15

.14

.26

.11

.07

From the foregoing it will be seen
that the proportion of sugar — levulose
and dextrose — varies in the honey of
different countries to the extent of 11
per cent., Normandy being the richest,
and Jamaica the poorest. (Parantheti-
cally, I may be permitted to say, that
Canadian honey was not among the
samples tested.)

The one given is not an exhaustive
analysis however ; for in addition to
what is given, honey contains minute
organic acids, alkaloidal and bitter
principles, possibly derived from the
pollen ; small quantities of mineral
matter, and invariably minute quanti-
ties of alcohol (Blythe), all of which
are included in the two last horizontal
columns of the table ; but it sufiaces to
show that 75 to 80 per cent, of extract-
ed honey is saceliarine matter or sugar.

West India molasses contains but 67
jjcr cent, of cane and fruit sugar com-
bined ; treakle, 69 per cent. ; golden-
syrup, 72 per cent. ; and beet-sugar
molasses, 47 per cent. Thus we see
that good honey contains 8 per cent,
more sugar than the best syrup in the
market, and nearly twice as much as
some of the molasses sold in our
grocery -stores.

MANAGEMENT FOR EXTRACED HONEY,

Having glanced at the source and
composition of extracted honey, it will
now be in order to sa}- something on
its management, passing over the
7noihi$ operandi by which it is procured,
as I take it that there are few of my
readers unacquainted with this.

If extracted while yet uncapped or
only partially sealed over, it will prob-
ably be in what is known as an " un-
ripe " state, and must be cured, else it
will be liable to ferment, which great-
ly impairs its quality, and almost de-
stroys its food value.

RIPENING EXTRACTED HONEY.

The unripeness of honey consists
mainly in its holding in suspension an
undue proportion of water. The re-
moval or expulsion of this excess of
water, constitutes the process of ripen-
ing. The simplest and readiest way to
effect this, is to heat the honey in a
water-bath until the excess of water be
driven oft' in the form of vapor. This
treatment is believed by some to im-
pair its aroma, and injure its flavor.
My own experience has taught me
tliat there is more importance attached
to this notion than it deserves.

It is by means of evaporation — in
virtue of which vapor passes impercep-
tibly from the surface of a liquid when
exposed to the air — that the process of
curing is generally carried on. The
rate at which evaporation takes place,
depends upon the temperature. In a
low temperature, the air soon reaches
the point of saturation, beyond which
it is incapable of taking up moisture
or holding it in suspension ; hence the
higher the teniperatiu-e,and the greater
the surface exposed, the more rapid
will the evaporation of water from
honey be.

Blany bee-keepers have devised shal-
low troughs over which they slowly

432

T^mm JEMBMICMK mmm jQiammmi^.

run their honey to facilitate the work
of curing. Whatever the means em-
ployed, it should be borne in mind
that a high temperature is necessary to
rapid ripening.

There is still another method of
curing honey, that I have m5-self prac-
ticed with success. This may be de-
nominated the " gravitation" method.
It consists in storing honey in deep
tanks (mine hold from five to seven
hundred pounds each, and are about
equal in diameter to that of a large-
size extractor-can). If these be placed
in a warm room in summer (better
still, a glass house), and tilled with
unripe honey, then covered and left to
stand for two or three weeks, it
will be found that the water incorpor-
ated with the honey will have risen to
the surface — the lioney and the water
forming two stratums as distinct and
well defined as that of oil and water
in the same vessel.

The honey may then be drawn oft"
through the faucet below, and the
water left remaining in the tank, when
it will be found to be no sweeter and
no denser than the liquid usually em-
ploj-ed in making honey-vinegar, and
this is the use to which I put it. It
may be dipped out or poured oft" the
top of the honey.

On several occasions I have found a
body of water on top of the honey as
much as three inches deep, and on
passing one's finger down through it,
the surface of the honey will be palpa-
able and well defined.

When honej' is first extracted, it is
in a liquid state, but under ordinary
conditions it will in time change to a
semi-solid form. It is then known as
'■ candied honey." The length of time
that elapses before candying takes
place, differs materially in dift'erent
seasons, and under dift'erent circum-
stances. The .slowness with which
honey changes from the liquid to the
candied form, and the rapidity with
which this takes place at other times,
may be attributed to the presence or
absence of water in quantities favor-
able or unfavorable to the transforma-
tion. So also will the grain be coarse
or fine. The less water present, the
slower the crystallization, while its en-
tire absence prevents it altogether.

"Grape-sugar," of which honey is
mainly composed, combines chemically
with water in two proportions — mouo-
hydrated glucose (C,, K,4 O,o HoO)
and bi-hydrated glucose (Cj.j H24 0,2
2H2O) ; both of these hydrates lose
their crystal water at 212^ (Johnston).
It follows that if honey be heated to
the boiling point until its water of
crystallization be expelled, the air
then excluded and kept excluded by
sealing it down, no crystallization can
take place. This should be borne in

mind and acted upon when desirable ;
by doing so, the bee-keeper will be en-
abled to supply his customers with
liquid honej' at any season of the j'ear
— spring, summer, autumn or winter.

KEEPING HONEY IN ITS LIQUID FORM.

To preserve honey in its liquid form,
then, it is only necessary to expel the
water it contains by the application of
heat (this is best done in a water-bath),
bottling while hot, and hermetically
sealing the bottles. The common pre-
serve jars, with their rubber rings and
screw tops are admirably adapted for
this purpose.

This is no vague theoiy, but one
founded on sound chemical principles,
and vei'ified in my own practice and
experience. At the International Con-
vention held at Brantford, Out., I pro-
duced a sample of liquid honey of the
season of 1888, that had not been
candied, and those who tasted it pro-
nounced it excellent.

A neighbor of mine never permits
his honey to candy, by treating as
above described, and I have known
him to receive orders from people a
hundred miles from his home, because
the_y get honey from him in its liquid
state, while at home they cannot pro-
cure it in other than a candied condi-
tion.

RETARDING HONEY-GRANULATION.

The careful observer will have no-
ticed that granulation may be retarded
by keeping in an uniforml}' high tem-
perature. I believe if honey be kept
at say 90^, it will not crystallize so long
as this temperature be maintained.
The melting point of glucose-sugar
crystals is 86^ ; cold weather acceler-
ates the candying of hone}' — this is
well known, but little understood. It
is not the cold that does it, but the
condition of the atmosphere incident
to cold. In other words, the point of
atmo.spheric saturation is then low, in
which state the air is in a condition
favorable to its giving back its mois-
ture to the honey, which has for water
a strong affinity.

Let the skeptic who cures his honey
bj- causing it to flow over shallow
troughs, or by storing it in shallow
tanks, and who refuses to accept this
theory, transfer his opei'ations to a
cold room, or to the cellar, and he will
discover that instead of obtaining cured
honey, he will soon have candied
honey.

A colorless syrup is sometimes found
floating on top of a body of granulated
honey. This liquid is almost pui'e
levulose, and its presence is not an
evidence of unripeness, but a jsroof
that levulose is present in an undue
proportion.

A reference to the analytical table
given before, will show that it varies

in quantity in various samples of
honey. It is in itself uncnystallizable
glucose, or from its co-constitutent,
dextrose. When it is present in honej'
in abnormal quantities, a portion of it
refuses to combine with the dextrose,
and finds its way to the surface, where
it floats in the form of the liquid well
known to most bee-keepers. At least
most of them have had an opportunitj'
of seeing it.

Owen Sound, Out.

'V^ORKER-CELLS.

Wliat i$ tiie Correct Size of
Worker Cells ?

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY DK. C. C. MILLER.

I want to begin as I meant to end
my last article, by apologizing to Rev.
W. P. Faylor for taking him to task as
to the measurement of worker-cells
when I had not carefully measured
them myself. It has been the general
thing to speak and write of worker-
comb as having five cells to the inch,
but if I had looked as carefully as I
should, I would have found that at
least some of the books are more ex-
act.

But Mr. Cheshire, who is quite
minute in calculating the number of
cells to the square inch, gives one-fifth
of an inch as the diameter of a worker-
cell, and I supposed that when he had
carefully formulated a table I might
rely on it as correct. After I had
mailed the article, I happened to find
a piece of natural worker-comb, which
I measured, and found, as nearly as I
could tell, with a common rule, four
and four-fifths cells to the inch. I
immediately ^wote a card to the edi-
tor,saying that I must apologize to Mr.
Faylor, and giving the results of my
measurements, asking the editor to
make a postscript to that efl'ect to my
article, if the article was not already
printed. As it was a private note, not
all intended to be printed, I suppose
the editor, in the kindness of his heart,
wanted to let me down as lightly as
possible, and merely gave the results
of my measurements. So, under the
circumstances, I can only thank the
gentleman for replying as courteously
as he has.

As to not recognizing his standing, I
certainly am at a loss to understand
how, but I suspect from the context
that it was not in affixing the title
" Rev." to his name. Now custom,
where I have lived, although it makes
an M. D. addressed always as Dr.,
never as Mr., has the opposite I'ule
with regard to the elerg}-, and I never
heard the Rev. J. Smith addressed as
anything else but Mr. Smith, unless he

TH® MMERICJEH MBM JQURNSl,.

433

be of the Roman Catholic clergy, wlieu
he would be addressed as Father Smith.
So it was from no lack of respect that
I wrote as I did, although it might be
lack of intelligence, for I do not see
an_y sense in making the clergy an ex-
ception to the general rule. It seems
to me just as appropriate to say " Good
morning, Reverend Smith," as to say
'•Good morning. Doctor Smith," or
■General Smith." But all this aside,
let us try to get at the truth with re-
gard to the size of cells, for it may be,
and I think it is, a matter of very
great importance that the cells of
foundation be not too small.

If Mr. Root is making cells smaller
than the bees make them, I think he
himself will be glad to know it, and to
correct the erroi". Indeed, I should
feel he were doing me a wrong to sell
me foundation for brood-comb having
oells less than natural size. Can we
dud out what is natural size ? In my
crude way of measuring I do not feel
that I could be very accurate, and,
indeed, if I am rightly informed, the
bees do not always use exactly same size.

Prof. Cook quotes Reaumur as giving
the diameter of a worker-cell at " two
aud three-fifth lines or twelfths of an
inch." Mr. Cheshire says one-fifth of
an inch, or twenty-eight and thirteen-
fifteenth cells to the square inch. The
revised Langstroth says, "The average
number in a square inch is a trifle over
twenty-seven." This is probably
Dadants' measuring, and as the Da-
dants are the largest foundation makers
in the world, they have probably given
the matter close attention. Twenty-
seven cells to the square inch makes
th(^ diameter of a cell, if I am correct,
.213 of an inch. Reducing all to thou-
sandths of an inch for the sake of com-
paring, we have the diameter of a
worker-cell .200 according to Cheshire;
.213 according toDadant ; .216 accord-
ing to Reaumur ; and .222 according
to Rev. Faylor, if he has 4} cells to the
inch. In his last he has the alterna-
tive of 4:| to the inch, making the
diameter .211 — too small according to
Dadant and Reaumur.

Now to come back to the original
point : Rev. Faylor proposed to make
foundation -l^ cells to the inch, in
which I did not agree, nor do I now.
Mr. Doolittle says, "We tried to im-
prove the bee so as to make them take
cells 4J to the inch, but we had to give
it up." Rev. Faylor thinks that Mr.
Root's " latest foundation machines
make the cells as much too small as
some of the old ones make the cells
too large." But those •' old ones " are
made 4J to the inch, just what Rev.
Faylor advocated; and which he now
sajs are too large.

Rev.. Faylor says, " I should like to
know who, besides Mr. Root, as a

foundation-machine builder, advocates
5 cells to the inch." Does Mr. Root
advocate tliis ? Mr. Editor, can you
tell us what liis foundation measures ?*
Rev. Faylor says, " The Vandervort
machine makes 4J to the inch, horizon-
tally, and 5 cells diagonally, which
would average 4J cells to tlie inch."
That is something new again, aud I
must thank Rev. Faylor for calling my
attention to it. I always supposed
that foundation was made to measure
the same each way, but I find on meas-
uring (I do not know what machine it
is made on) that the cells are larger
horizontally than diagonally. I found
4.94 cells to the inch diagonally, and
4.8 horizontallv. Do the bees make it

SPACING COMBS.

I space my combs If inches from
center to center, but I do not pretend
to really k<9iow what is right. Rev.
Faylor advises li inches, aud on the
very next page J. E. Pond strongly ad-
vises close spacing, which I under-
stand from his former writings to be
one and three-sixteenths. As the lat-
ter desires to "start a discussion," we
might all learn something if these two
gentlemen would bring out the points
on both sides. For one, I should like
to know what spacing is best.

Marengo, Ills.

[*No. We have not seen any comb
foundation of Mr. Root's make for
several years. — Ed.]

BEE-ESCAPES.

Some luiprovenients and Further
Experiments Considered.

Written for the American BeeJounml
BY C. H. DIBBERN.

Some may wonder why I did not
reply sooner to the article of Mr.
Reese, published on page 294. One
reason is, that I have been very busy
establishing an out-apiary, building a
honey-house, making up 300 hives,
and 500 supers, besides all the other
very necessary work connected with
an apiary of 240 colonies. Besides, I
do not like personal controversies, and
as Mr. R. concedes to me the invention
of the horizontal bee-escape, there
need be none.

Now, as to placing the hoi'izontal
escape inside the board (which Mr. R.
claims as his improvement) is but of
minor importance. I would like to
ask Mr. R., however, if the first dia-
gram, seiit him about Nov. IS, 1889,
was not a horizontal escape ; aud if it
was not placed inside the space oc-
cupied by the board. In answer to
this, I have his letter of Nov. 23, 1889.

in whicli lie says that he never lliouglit
of placing tlie escape in that way. This
letter shows Mr. Reese's own drawing
of my board, and it will certainly lie
pretty haril to get around that.

Just now, I am more interested in
making the horizontal escape an entire
success than in quarrelling over prior-
ity of making some trivial improve-
ments.

Since warm weather has come. I
have experimented a good deal with
al:)out all the escapes Ijrought out dur-
ing the past six months. Now, to be
candid, I believe that all are more or
less defective, including my own four-
point escape.

JNIost of them will work all right
when placed over an empty super, or
whei'ever the old-style Reese escape
would work. They will prove unsatis-
factory, however, if placetl directly
over a strong colony, or between ex-
tracting combs and the main hive.
When thus placed, it is a fact that bees
will fill the escapes full, and seem td
be able to conduct other bees directly
through the escapes both ways. The
bees, of course, will continue to occupy
the super. The same thing happens
when they cluster on the cone of the
old Reese escape.

I have also noticed where bees clus-
ter on the apex of the tent escape, or
at the escape on the windows of the
honej'-bouse, when man^- bees have
been carried in, robbing is speedily
started. It will not do to make the
outlets so small that workers can
barely get through, as drones would
get clogged, and die there. All these
difficulties have set me to thinking.and
further experimenting.

I soon made some important dis-
coveries, and now I have an entirely
new escape, that woi'ks like a charm.
Yes, sir ; the hoi'izontal bee-escape is
a perfect success, and, in my opinion.
is the only practicable one. With this
new escape, I have cleaned the bees
out of hives that were used as upper
stories, aud in which they were storing
honey, in just two hours. It cleans
out every bee ! In making many tests,
I have never failed, and I am confident
that I now have the escape that xvill till
the bill.

Mr. Reese says that he has been ever
anxious to give bee-keepers an escape
that can be made for next to nothing.
Bee-keepers are not generally paupers,
and I believe they are willing to pay a
reasonable price for a good, well-made
escape that will do the business.

BEES UNCAPPING THE HONEY.

Some one has advanced the idea in
opposition to bee-escapes, that the bees
in leaving will uncap cells, and fill
themselves with honey. I have used
bee-escapes of all kinds during the

434

THte MMERICSM MmM JQ^KHMl^.

past year or two, and I never saw a
case of that kind. It is all bosh. Thej'
do nothing of the kind. Let no one
get discouraged because some of the
early forms of escapes are not entirely
satisfactory. The horizontal escape
has come to stay, and will be a vahia-
ble acquisition to bee-keepers.
Milan. Ills.

BEE-FORAGE.

Virgirs Kiio^vledgc of Bees Com-
pared Avitli ]VIodei'n Ideas.

Rcud ut the Ohio State Convention

BY S. F. XE^\'MAN.

For more than 1,900 years, this sub-
ject has engaged the attention of men
interested in apiculture. Such men as
A'irgil, editor of the " Georgics ;"
Thomas G. Newman, editor of the
American Bee Journal ; A. I. Root,
editor of (Tleaninr/s ; and many other
lesser lights have written much and
exhaustively upon this subject. In
fact, it has been discussed, re-discussed,
and essayed at nearly every conveu-
tiuu of bee-keepers, county, State and
Kational. held during the last 20 or 2.5
years, and yet, I sujiposcit is expected
that I will present something nav at
tliis time, pertaining to this subject.

'■There is nothing new under the
sun."' In proof of this statement, so
far as bee-keeping is concerned, I will
be pardoned if I digress a little.

SOME ANCIENT BEE-LORE.

In the year 70, Virgil gave minute
directions as to the care of bees, show-
ing a ver}' accurate knowledge of their
habits, and of the economy of the hive.
He told how to select a suitable site for
the location of an apiary ; how to make
hives ; hovv to prevent loss from drown-
ing in early spring-time ; how to pre-
vent loss of swarms ; how to cure dis-
eases to which bees were then and are
now subject ; how to take off surplus
honc}' ; how to secure a good crop of
honey ; how to winter bees success-
fully ; and, I think, there has been but
little improvement in mat;^ of these
matters since the days of Virgil.

Virgil says: -'Apiaries must be
placed where winds do not have access,
for winds do hinder bees in carrying
home their food." Our modern bee-
masters give the same advice. They
say. "Surround your apiarie|l witii
high board-fences and hedges, 1)0 pro-
tect them from wintry blasts, and the
chilling winds of spring.''

Virgil says : •' Compact your hives
of hollow bark or cork wood, and let
the inlets be narrow to keep out the
winter's cold and summer's heat, for
winter congeals the honey with its
cold, and summer dissolves it with its

heat." Our modern bee-keepers say :
"Place a chaff division-board on each
side of the cluster, and a chaff cushion
above it, to absorb the moisture, and
keep the cluster warm." In my opin-
ion, the ancient plan was by far the
most sensible, and the least trouble-
some. The bark or cork-wood hive
absorbed the moisture and kept the
bees warm, and the bee-keeper did not
then, as now, have to make an extra
building in which to store his chaff
cushions, chaff" division-boards and
other "traps."

The ancient poet says : " Place
your hives by cool springs fringed
around with moss, and whither the
water runs swiftly, or is quiet, throw
in willows or rocks so that the bees
may have bridges to rest upon, and
spread their wings to the summer sun
when the east wind has immersed
them in the flood." Our modern bee-
keepers say : "Place fish-kegs filled
with water on vvhich float little chips,
on which the bees can rest in the warm
sun, and drj- their wings if, perchance,
they maj' have accidentally slipped ofl'
the little chips and wet themselves."

Some of us practice what many
think is a modern device — clipping the
queen's wings to prevent swarms from
absconding. The ancients did the
same, although not quite as artistically
as we do it. Virgil says that when
the swarms fly about and sport in air,
and despise their hive, they must be
restrained from their vain play, ^'ec
magnus prohibere labor : Ter regibus
alas cripe — and not one will dare,
while the kings stay behind, to fly aloft.
Mr. A. I. Root says : Having a pair
of silver-steel scissors, catch the queen,
hold her carefully between the thumb
and forefinger of your left hand, and
with the sharp scissors in the right
hand, clip oft" about one-quarter of her
wings ; place her back in the hive, and
you will have no trouble with runaway
swarms.

Again, Virgil says: "When you
intend to rob the busy workers, of
their treasures, bear in your hand the
searching smoke, for at such times
the bees are wrathful, and, w'hen pro-
voked, breathe venom into their stings,
and leave the liiddeu dart fixed into
the veins, and lay down their lives in
the act." Our modern supply dealer
would say : "Buy one of my double-
acting, patented smokers, that will
throw a stream of smoke at least ten
feet ahead of you, and you can take
oft" surplus honey all da}-, and not get
stung once ; the bees will run when
they see you coming !" I do not know
whether or not Virgil ever invented
or patented a smoker — he does not tell
us ; but he certainly understood the
efl'cctiveness of smuke in preventing
bees from stinging:.

He tells us also how to cure the dire
diseases to which bees were subject :
"Mix their honey with the juice of
pounded galls ; boil I'oots of herbs in
fragrant wine, and present it as food
in full baskets at their door." No
doubt from the medicine given, galls,
which are a powerful stringent, Virgil's
bees were afflicted with the diarrhea,
the same as ours. He knew how to
cure it ; we do not.

HONEY-PLANTS OF THE ANCIENTS.

Now I come to the subject of my
essay, and I find by reading the fourth
book of the " Georgics," that Virgil
was pretty well posted as to bee-for.
age. He tells us of an old man, a
Corycian, who lived in the southern
part of Italy, and took a good deal of
interest in ioees.

This old man owned a farm which
had been much neglected, with soil too
poor to plow, not proper for flocks, or
commodious for vines, and so the old
man planted his farm with lilies, and
esculent poppies, and various other
honey-plants. I doubt not that he had
among his plants sweet clover, about
which so much has been said and writ-
ten now-a-days. Certainly he had the
right kind of land on which to grow
sweet clover, if what our seedmen —
those who have sweet clover seed to
sell — tell us is true.

As a result of this old Corycian's
planting for honey, we learn that he
was the first " to stream the frothy
hone}- from the pressed combs." He
had in his collection of honej^-plants
the lime-tree, which is our linden, and
is the best honey-plant in the world —
about the only one, in my estimation,
which pays to plant for honey alone.

Fruit growers can learn a very impor-
tant lesson from this poem of Virgil's.
This Corycian had fruit-trees in great
abundance, and Virgil tells us "that
as many fruits as the fertile tree bad
been clothed with in early blossoms, so
many it retained ripe in autumn," i. e.,
on account of the worth of the bees in
fertilizing the flowers, every blossom
produced perfect fruit. The only ob-
ject nature has in the secretion of
honey, is to attract bees and other in-
sects to the flowers, in order that they
may be fertilized.

In our part of Ohio (Huron county),
our sources of honey and pollen are
the maples, elms and willows during
Marcli and April ; fruit-blossoms dur-
ing May, white and Alsike clover dur-
ing the month of June, and basswood
for the first half of July. Of course,
we do not have a continuous flow of
honey during the months mentioned.
It is about two weeks from the time
the maples cease to bloom, to the open-
ing of fruit-blossoms ; and two weeks
from the time fruit-blossoms cease to

TH® mm^uMiQmn mmm journsiu.

435

produce honey to the time of the
clover bloom. From the middle of
March to the first of June there is at
least one mouth during which bees
have little or no forage, and much of
the time wheu forage is abumlaut,
from the middle of Marcli to the Brst
of Juue, the weather is so unfavorable
that liecs can do but little.

I think that under favorable condi-
tions, apple-blossoms yield more honey
than the blossoms of any other plant ;
but those conditions seldom occur —
only once during the last 15 years
have we been favored in Huron county
with weather during the time apple-
trees were in bloom, that seemed to
be the best possible for the secreting
and gathering of hone}-. That year
my strong colonies gained not less
than 25 pounds each in six da3-s, and
one gained 10 pounds in one day, and
40 pounds in six days.

About ten j-ears ago. after I had
taken oft" my surplus hone)-, about the
middle of July, and arranged the hives
to secure what little honey might be
gathered after that time, I gave no
attention to my bees for about two
weeks, but on examining a few hives
at that time, I was very much surprised
to find them completely filled, as 1
knew of no source from which much
honey could be gathered at that sea-
son of the year, and I extracted nearly
a thousand pounds of honey of the
very best quality. There has never
been a repetition of such work at that
time of the year, at my home apiary.

The next year I moved some 40 colo-
nies four miles south of my home
apiary, and every year since that time
the colonies I moved have done much
better than those at home, during the
latter p.ai't of July and the month of
August. The)' always come in well on
the -'home stretch."

On examining the pasture around
that -apiary, I found that the honey
gathered during the latter part of July
and the mouth of August, was secreted
by the mammoth or pea-vine clover, of
which there was a great abundance in
that vicinity. That clover always
yields honey — it never fails. During
the months of July and August of the
year 1888, I had several colonies that
gathered from 140 to 150 pounds each,
of honey of the very finest quality
from that source. Mr. Ernest Root
and Mr. Boardman saw some of the
hone)', and will confirm what I have
said as to its quality.

rEA-\1NE CLOVER AS A HON'El'-PLANT.

I have more confidence in mammoth
clover than any other plant that grows,
and I believe that it is going to prove
itself a very important factor in solv-
ing this problem of bee-forage. It
hlooms at the time of the year which
is most favorable in every i-espect.

The weather is generally line, th(^ bees
have finished swarming, the old colo-
nies have their new queens, and are
well stocked with bees, and they all
get right down to hard work, and
seem to think of nothing except to
store ,as much honey as possible.

This clover is planted with us as a
fertilizer, anil for the production of
seed. The stalk is very long and
coarse, and is not much used for hay.
When a crop of seed is be obtained
from it, it is gener.ally pastured until
about June 20, and then left to grow
up and go to seed ; so you see that it
is ready for the bees about the time
basswood ceases to yield. Localities
that ai'e favored with this and the
other clovers and basswood, will have
a continuous bloom of honey-producing
plants from the first of June to nearly
the last of August.

Our surplus crop of honey in Huron
county is usually obtained from fruit-
blossorns, such clovers as are raised
by farmers generally, basswood and
buckwheat. The other plants men-
tioned, and golden-rod, while they
give us no surplus honey, help to keep
up brood-rearing, and to keep our bees
out of mischief.

In conclusion, I would advise that,
for every basswood or whitewood tree
cut in your vicinity, be sure that
another is planted by the roadside or
in some other place convenient to
your apiary, to take the place of the
one removed. Induce farmers, as far
as possible, to raise the mammoth
clover, and to pasture it until June 20.
Give the farmers all the buckwheat
they will sow, on condition that they
return you the seed given them ; or,
which is better, if possible, move your
bees as soon as the clover ceases to
yield honey, where the)' will have ac-
cess to one or two hundred acres of
buckwheat. Teach your bees, when
they are gathering honey from sweet
clover, to carry a few seeds with them
on their return home, and drop them
by the roadside or along the banks of
some river or creek, or in some other
convenient place. Sweet clover is a
nice, clean, sweet plant, does not give
any one the hay-fever, as the rag-weed
does, and is much more ornamental,
and ought in some way to be made to
take the place of all the rag-weed in
the country. If you cannot teach your
bees to scatter the seed, get it done in
some other way.

I learned, a few years ago, that there
was considerable sweet clover by the
roadside about two miles from my
place (Norwalk), and that gradually,
but very slowly, it was coming nearer.
All at once it took a sudden start, and
in one year it covei'ed the intervening
space, and even went beyond where
my apiary was located.

Give alfalfa a thorough trial. If it
will grow in Wiscon.sin, it will gi'ow in
Ohio. Do not get discouraged ; if you
fail this year, let it be no fault of yours,
and hope for better results next year.
"Hope on, hope ever." We will cer-
tainly " get tliere " in some way.

If you failed last year, and the year
before, hope that you will not fail this
year, and if you do, keep on hoping,
remembering that our business is en-
nobling and elevating — it makes us
better men and better women — it leads
our thoughts "from nature up to
nature's God ;" that we get much en-
joyment in the study and pursuit of it.
and that we were placed in this world,
not for the purpose of making money
only, but to enjoy ourselves, and in
every way possible to help others to
enjoy themselves, and to make the
world better for our having lived in it.

My father was a great lover of bees.
I love to work with bees, and expect
to do so as long as I live, whether I
make money by it or not.

Norwalk, Ohio.

CONVENTION DIRECTORY.

1 890. Tlvic and place of meeting.

July 17.— Carolina, at Charlotte, N. C.

N. P. Lyles, Sec, Derita X. C.

Sept. 10.— Ionia County, at Ionia, Micli.

H. Smith, Sec, Ionia, Mieb.

Oct. 29-31.— International American, at Keokuk, la.
C. P. Dadant, Sec, Hamilton, Ills.

Oct.— Missouri Stale, at Mexico, Mo.

J. W. Rouse, Sec, Santa Fe, Mo.

f^° In order to have this table complete.
Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the jjlace of
each future meeting. — The Editor.

International Bee-Association.

President— Hon. R. L. Taylor.. Lapeer, Mich.
SECRET.iRV— C. P. Dadant Hamilton, Ills.

National Bee-Keepers' TTnion,

President— James Heddon ..Dowagiac, Mich.
Sec'y. and JI anager— T. G. Newman, Chicago.

s£kSS!^

Untarorable Season for Bees.

The season so far has been very unfavor-
able for the bees ; they did not gather any
honey from the fruit-blossoms, owing to
the cold weather, but from the maple and
box-elder they did well for a few days.
,Some of the strongest colonies built new
comb and stored some honey, but for the
last month it has been a hard time for
those that had but little old honey in the
hive ; many of them had to be fed, and
those bee-keepers that have not watched
the bees closely, have lost many colonies.
There have been a few swarms, but they
were those that when set out had a small
lot of bees and a hive full of honey. For
the last few days many of the colonies
have been killing off the drones, but the

436

TMm MMEKicMP* mmm jqurkmi^.

prospect now looks a little better, as the
raspberries and white clover are beginuing
to bloom. Yesterday was a fine day, and
the bees improved it, but to-day it has
rained again all day, so that the bees could
not leave the hives ; but we still look for
better weather, and trust that the little
workers will make a favorable report for
the season yet. Wm. Dyer.

Hastings, Minn., June 17, 1890.

l*oor Prospects — Swarniinsf*

The prospects are very slim for a full
crop of honey this season. I put into win-
ter quarters 32 colonies of bees, and all
came out alive this spring. The winter was
so mild that they were out a good deal all
winter, consequently they used up all their
stores, and it was so wet and cold all
through the month of May, that they
hardlj- stored honey enough to live. I have
no swarms so far. There is a good deal of
white clover, but I have not seen a bee at
work on it yet. There was but little apple-
bloom in these parts. Last season my bees
cast most of their swarms before this time
— I had 14 colonies. I would like to know,
first, if bees ever cast a swarm before they
have drones ; and second, whether bees
gather pollen when they are queenless.

R. B. WHE.iTON.

Middlebury, Conn., June li, 1890.

Discoiiras'in;; Prospects.

So far the bee-keepers' prospects for
1890, in this vicinity, have been most
discouraging, and I am very much afraid
that oui' honej' crop this year will be a
total failure. S. F. Newman.

Norwalk, Ohio, June 6, 1890.

Itead Brood in tlie Hives.

I have 36 colonies of bees that I thought
were all in good condition ; I have been
watching for swarms, but all in vain so far.
1 have examined some colonies, and found
dead brood — from 3 to 5 combs nearly full,
capped over, and the inmates nearly full
grown, but are soft and milky. Some tew
are matured, and are crawling out. Drones
are in some, and a good many bees, yet no
freshly laid eggs, as there is no place for
depositing them. H. Dierdouff.

Franklin Urove, Ills., June 17, 1890.

S^Tarniiiis; and <j>:illieriii$;' Honey

Bees are swarming livelj'. and honey is
coming in very fast. White clover is
splendid here, and we are having plenty of
nice showers of rain to keep it so. I will
start the extractor to-morrow. I packed
69 colonies last fall, and lost none.

Byrox Iiams.

Worcester, Mo., June 18, 1890.

tain from 25 to 30 pounds of honey for
safe wintering. How Mr. M. L. Barney
(see page 311), with his Badger State hive
of only 853 cubic inches, can succeed with-
out resorting to the sugar-barrel, is beyond
my imagination. I find that such a hive,
if stored full of houey, would contain about
the above amount, or a very small trifle
more. Is not the queen pretty tightly
laced in such a hive '<

It seems at the present time that there is
a craze among some bee-keepers that the
smaller they get theii' brood-chambers, the
greater their success wUl be ; but practice
with me has proven to the contrary, and I
notice that the practical bee-keepers are
falling into the same rank. From Mr.
Allen Latham's language, I should judge
him to be one of J. W. Hosmer's disciples,
who vindicated a very small family of bees
for successful wintering ; but this theory
never came into general practice ; and I
believe that the time is not far distant
when small brood chambers will occupy
the same position as Mr. Hosmer's theory.

East Liverpool, O. A. J. Fisher.

L.arg'e or Small Hives.

lu reply to Mr. John A. King's letter on
page 316, I would say that the hive he
describes, and asks if I ever saw a much
larger hive, I would call a small brood-
chamber with a large storage capacity for
the reception of surplus honey. Does Mr.
King claim this sized brood-chamber suffi-
ciently large for a prolific queen ; If I have
not learned the ob.iect lesson that Mr. King
speaks of, I have learned that the size of
brood-chamber he speaks of is a total fail-
ure in my locality. I have tried consider-
ably larger brood-chambers than he de-
scribes, and they stand waiting for a
purchaser at half their cost. Some of our
best authorities say that a hive should cou-

Sometliins to l><i Proud ol.

The American' Bee Journal is just the
nicest, cleanest publication printed, and
you have a right to be proud of it.

J. E. Breed.

Embarrass, Wis., June 7, 1890.

Hives lor Voiul» Honey.

Will you please let it be stated in the
American Bee Journal the different styles
of hives invented and now in use ; I have
one that I have given the name of '• The
Great Alliance Hive." I do not think I
have stepped on any one's toes. It is the
best I know of for the production of comb
honey. Is it always best for one to go in
person to Washington, D. C, to secure a
patent i R. H. Campbell.

Morgan Co., Ga.

[Of the hives invented, their name is
"legion." Of those now in general use,
the Langstroth, Gallup, Quinby, and per-
haps 3 or 3 others, are all that can be
enumerated. It is not necessary to go to
Washington to get a patent— neither is it
generally desirable. The usual delays
make a personal visit too expensive. — Ec]

Xlie Season in tVest Virginia.

My bees are doing tolerably well now.
The spring has been very unfavorable.
There have been 2 swarms so far, the first
coming out on May 17. White clover is
abundant, and has been in bloom one
month to-day. Bees in this part of the
country are all wintered on the summer
stands. The greatest drawback here is the
cold, wet weather that we usually have
during May and June. The last year was
really remarkable in this respect, for June,
1889, was far more inclement than was
January of the present year. Many bees
died in this region the past winter — many
losing all they had. Seven per cent, of
mine " went the way of all the earth." I
think strongly of changing my apiary en-
tirely to the production of extracted honey.
True, it does not sell so well in my local
market, but then this market cannot con-
sume one-half of my honey.

M. A. Kelley.

Milton, W. Va., June 3, 1890.

e3^ Tje next meeting of the Carolina Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will be held in Cbarlotte, N. C, on
Thursday, July 17, I8»o. N. P. LY'LES, Sec.

ALFRED H. IVEW:VIA3i,

BUSINESS manager.

lusiucss 3ilotices,

|^~ Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should notify us at once.

11^" Money in Potatoes, by Mr. Joseph
Greiner. Price, 25 cents, postpaid. For sale
at this office.

1^" Red Labels are nice for PaDs which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price ?1. 00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample fi-ee.

1^" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 35 cents per ounce, by express.

U^" Send us two new subscriptions, with
$3.00, and we will present you with a
" Globe " Bee-Veil for your trouble. (See
the fuller notice in the advertising col-
umns.)

1^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

{TW Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sami^le copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please caU upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

i;y Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jour-
nal at SI. 8 5 for the two: or with both our
Home Journal and Bee Journal for S3. 50
for all three papers.

([[g" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Sou" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write Atnevican Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

1^" Systematic work in the Apiary wiU
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For 50 colonies (120 pages) SI 00

•• 100 colonies (220 pages) 123

•' 200 colonies (i20 pages) 1 50

Eg!" When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you wUl oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book,
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

1^ A "Binder" made especially for
the American Bee Journal, and lettered
in gold, makes a very convenient way of
preserving the copies of the Bee Journal
as fast as thev are i-eeeived. We offer it,
postpaid, for "60 cents ; or as a premium for
two new subscriptions, with $2.00. It can-
not be mailed to Canada.

THE SMMRIcaUf BEE? J013RNR1U.

487

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

NEW YORK, June ."..— Tln-ic Is lui eoinh
honey on the market, but :i suuill sliick of
bafswood extracted and California; new South-
ern extraeted is arriving-, lint the quality is
mostly inferior. We quote: Extraeted bass-
wooil and California, 7c: .Southern, 65((viT0e
per fe'allou. Beeswax, scarce at Sfiigi^Sc.
HILDKETH BEOS. & SEGELKEN.

28-30 West Broadway.

CHICAGO. June 4.— Demand continues good
for strictly white clover houej% and our re-
ceipts are beiiiM: taken as fast as they arrive.
What little stock we have, consists of buck-
wheat in 1 and 2-lb. sections, which is dull
and slow sale. We quote: White clover 1-lbs.,
12>/2f5il3!ic; buckwheat, "(aOc. Beeswax very
scarce at 2.5®26c for brijrht, and 23®24c for
dark. S. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, June 19.— We received to-
day the first shipment of new comb honey
from Independence, Mo. — nice white 1-pound
sections, put up in handsome white crates
holding 12 sections each. It sells at 15@16c
per pound. Extracted, white, a((r.Bc; dark, 5c.
Beeswax, 25c.

CLEMONS, CLOON & CO.,

Cor. 4tli and Walnut Sts.

CHICAGO, June 5.— Demand is now very
light for comb honey, and will be for the
ensuing- two months. There is not much on
the market, and very little of it is in desirable
shape for the retail trade, being in supers and
just as removed from the hive. Best brings
13@14c. and off-grades about 10c. Extraeted,
6@8c. Beeswax, yellow, 27fi;28c.

R. A. BURNETT, IGl S. Water St.

MILWAUKEE, June 2. — The market for
honey is in a fair condition. The old stock is
getting out of sight, and values ai-e sustained
on choice qualities. We quote: Choice white
1-lb. sections, 1.3@14c; medium 1-lbs., ll@12c;
dark 1-lbs., 9(<2'10c; 2-lbs., normal. Extracted,
in barrels and half barrels, white, 7@8e; dark,
6@6'/5c. Beeswax, 26@30c.

A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.

DETROIT, June 3.— Best white comb honey,
13@14c; other grades, 10@13c. Extracted,
slow demand at 7@Sc. Beeswax, 27@28c.

M. H. HUNT, BeU Branch, Mich.

KANSAS CITY. June 13.— Market cleaned
up ou old comb and extracted, and new crop
of comb arriving. We quote: White 1-lbs.,
15e; dark, ll(ii!l2c: white2-lbs., 12@13c; dark,
10(5>lle. Extracted, white. 6(n>7c: dark, 5e.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS, 514 Walnut St.

BOSTON, June 19.— Fancy 1-lbs.. 16c; 2-lbs.,
15c. Extracted, 8@9c. Honey sales are very
slow. We have recently received a shipment
from Jlichigan, of very fine stock, which is an
ample supply for us for the summer.

BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.

CINCINNATL June 10.— Demand for comb
honey is slow, and prices nominal. There is
but little on the market. Extracted honey is
in good demand at 5(a)8c, according to quality.
We bought to-day the first 4,000 pounds of
new extracted clover honey.

Beeswax is in good demand at 24®28c. for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH & SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

If any one wants a club of two or

more weekly or monthly periodicals, be-
sides one or both of our Journals— send us
a Postal Card, and we will then quote the
lowest possible price, by return mail. The
number is too great to enumerate.

Handlims: Bees.— This is the title of
a nice pamphlet containing 38 pages and a
cover, published by Chas. Dadant & Son.
It is a chapter from their book, Langstroth
Revised, and is an excellent thing for be-
ginners. Price, 8 cts. For sale at this office.

CATARRH.

CATARRHAL DEAFNESS-HAY FEVER,

A New Home Treatment.
Sufferers are not generally aware that
these diseases ai-c contagious, or that they
are due to the inesence of living parasites
in the lining membrane of the nose and
eustachian tubes. Microscopic research,
however, has proved this to be a fact, and
the result of this discovery is that a simple
remedy has been formulated whereby
catarrh, catarrhal deafness and hay fever
are permanently cured in from one to three
simple applications made at home by the
patient once iu two weeks.

N. B. — This treatment Is not a snuff or an
ointment; both have been discarded by
reputable physicians as injurious. A
pamphlet explaining this new treatment is
sent free on receipt of stamp to pay pos-
tage, by A. H. Dixon & Son, 337 and 339
West King Street, Toronto, Canada.—
Christian A.clvooate.

Sufferers from Catarrhal
carefully read the above.
oOE26t Imly.

troubles should

^(lucvtiscmcuts.

iTAUAJi (lUEENS

Tested, 11.00 each; LTntested, 75 cts.
Address, C. A. BUNCH, Nye, Marshall Co., Ind.
26A3t
Mention the American Bee Journal.

From Pd
of Stock.

NnTTfR That my FOUNDATION is low
I'dJllUILin price, and high in quality.
For Brood, 40c; for Sections, 50c per pound.
Send for Samples.

24A4t WIL.B£I1 G. FISH, Itliaca, N.Y.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

QUEEM!

September, 1889.

Purely bred — Purely
MATED. Won first prem-
ium over all competitors
at Buffalo luternational.
None Better in America I

Send for Price-List. Order early.

loAtf E. D. KEE\EV, Importer and Brpjiler, Aroade, I, I.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

POOR- T ANGSTROTH
i MAN'S L=HIVE=

Before buying Hives, send for our Price-List
ou this Hive as described on page 186 of this
Journal. It is the best and che.\pest Hive
made.

SMITH & SMITH,

14Atf Kenton, Hardin Co.. Ohio.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

HOIY ALMAMC ! !

TUST the thlngr needed to create a demand for
^ HONSr at home. Bee-keepers should scatter
it freely. It shows the uses of Honey for Medicine,
Ealing, Drinkinp. Cooking, for making Cosmetics,
Vinegar, etc. ; also uses of BEESWAX. Price. Sets. ;
25 copies for 11.10; 50 copies, |1.70; 75 copies, *2.30;
100 for $2.90. The foregoing are POSTPAID prices:
following are prices when sent by express or freight;
100 for 12.50; 500 for $10.00; l.OOti for $15.00. The
Bee-Keeper's CARD will be printed on the first page
without extra cost, when 25 or more are ordered at
one time. Address,

XHOS. G. NEWmAN & SON,
246 East MadlBon St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

POULTRYforMARKET

AND

POULTRY for PROFIT

^tmiQ^

Hv " FANNY FIELD."
The most profitable Poultry Raiser in America
Written expressly for those who
ARE Interested in Poultry and wish
TO MAKE IT Profitable.
CONTENTS :
ClE.-\RS $4.49 ON EACH FOWL.

Cost of keeping adult fowls pr year.
Cost of raising Chicks to six months

of age. Spring management.
13,480 eggs from loo hens a ye.\r.
How to Feed for Eggs in winter.
Hatching houses. Cleanliness.
No .Sickness among the fowls.
A WORD TO Farmers, Farmers' Wives,
~ .Sons, Daughters, and others in-
terested in Poultry
A 60 acre Poultry ^#*
Farm that yields? "'
a clear profit of
$1,500 a year.
81 Chicks out of ioo eggs with Ixcu-
Raising Broilers. Food for Chicks.
Turkey Raising. Keeping Eggs.
The cause c f Death of young Turkeys
Keeping Poultry on a Village lot.
A Mechanic's Wife clears $300 annually"

on Broilers. Feed in Winter.
Artificial Raising of Chicks.
Incub.\tors. Brooders.
Capons. Caponizing.
Tells Everything about |
the Poultry business.
Price 25 Cents, post paid.

Or given for One New Yearly Suhscription

for this Journal, with Jl.OO.

TH08. e. NE-nrMJLN * SOX,

246 East Madison Street. - CHICAGO, ILLS.

[bator.

I CAN FURNISH by return mail, on order
Untested Qiieeus of the strain of those
very yellow hees mentioned iu the .Journal
last summer, at $1.00 each. The largest and
yellowest, $1.2.5. Tested Queens of this vari-
ety, after the middle of July, $1.50 for good
ordinary; Choice Selected, K.-'iO each. Sent
by mail, and safe arrival guaranteed

Address, W. P. HENDERSOiV,
25A2t Muhfreesboro, Tenn.

DAVIS' PATENT HONEY CARRIAGE,

Rfv.ilving Comb Hantrer,

Tool Box and Recording- Desk, Combined.

Price. «'onipl<>fe, ilS.OO.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILLS.

ion TWO

luU STORY

HIVES

With 6-inch Caps, FOR SAI.E. Nailed and
painted, ready for use. Brood Frames 11x17
inches. On board the cars here at .$2.50 per
hive. Order at once.

Address. CHAS. AUSTIN,
^¥}.^PBi>t Street, - ENGLEWOOD, ILL.
26Alt

438

THE JtMERIC^K ®B© JOURNSIr.

*-*^-*^r ^*^*-^*^>^jfc^-f^j^j^^^^^<><*'A'^^''fc<^^>*'^^'^*^*^^

*-*'^*^*-^*'

«^Eiglith ^ Edition? Just i Published^

>e>*' and U«vii>e<l Kdilion

BEES ^rHONEY,

OR THE

Management of the Apiary

• FOR PLEASURE AND PROFIT

THOMAS G-. NEWMAN",

Editor uf ihf American Bee JourriaL

This edition has beea largely re-wrltt<>n,
thoroughly rerised, and is "fully up with the
times" in allthcimprovements and inventions
in this rapidlT-developinir pursuit.aud presents
the apiarist with everything that can aid in
the successful management of an aplar.\-, and
at the same time pnMuce the most honey In
an attractive condition. It contains 250
pages and 845 illustrations — is beautifully
printed in the highest style of the art, and
bound in cloth, gold lettered. Price, $1.00—
postpaid.

LiBEn.\r, Discount to dealers, by the dozen
or hundred.

THOaiAS G. ITEVniLAXl it SOIT,
246 East Madison Strrrr, - CHICAGO, IliL.

This new edition of our Bees and
HoNET will be given as a Premium for only
tlirce iie-»v snl>scril»ers. with $.3.00 ;
or clubbed with the this Journal for SI. 75.

Froiu June I O
to Oct. 1.

ITALIAN PEEI

^ Why You Should Purchase of Wood !

HE has had many years' experience. His
Queen-Cells are built in full colonies.
He uses no Lamp-Nursery. He is located
where there are no black bees, and where foul
brood never existed. Fully 90 per cent, of his
Queens prove purely-mated. He fills orders
promptly. His old customers nearly all pur-
chase of "him. He warrants every Queen equal
to those of an.v first-class breeder in America
in every respect. Price. 75 cents each: one
dozen. $8.00. Address,

•■""Etf J. F. TVOOD, North Prescott, Mass.

HANDLING BEES

AP.4.IUPHIiE'r, treating ot the taiuiutr
and handling of Vices. Just the thing for
beginners. It is a chapter from " Tlie Hive
aud Honey-Bee, revised." Price, S ct».
Advice to beginners. Circulars, &c., free.

CHAS. DAD ANT & SON.

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ills.

LOOK HERE!

vro. 1 ^'-Grooved One-Piece Sections only
1> J.3.00 per M. No 2, $2,00 per M. A com-
plete Hive for Comb Honey— only J1.30.
^r~ Price-Iiist Free.

Address. J. M. KISTZIE,

aOAly ROCHESTER. Oakland Co., MICH.

Scieiitific (jueeii-Reariiig

AS PKACTlCAI^IiY APPLIED;

Being a Method by which tlie very best of

Qtieen-Bees are reared in perfect accord

with Nature's Way ; by

G. M. DOOLITTLE.

In this book the author details the results
of his Experiments in Rearing Queen-Bees for
the past four or five years, and is the first
to present his discoveries to the World.

Bound in Cloth— 176 pages— Price, SI. 00,
postpaid ; or, it will be Clubbed with the
American Bee Journal one year, for $1.75—
with the Illustrated Home Journal, for $1.75 ;
or the two Journals and the Book for S2.50.

TBOS. «. NEWMAN A: SON,

■246 East Madison Street. - CHICAGO, ILL.

Bee -Hives, Sections, &c.

On and after Feb. 1, 1890, we will sell our
No 1 V-groove Sections in lots of 500 as fol-
lows: Less than 2,000 at $3.50 per thousand;
2 000 to 5,000 at $;i.00 per thousand. Write
for special prices on larger quantities. No. 2
Sections $2.00 per thousand. Send tor Price-
List for other Supplies. Address,

J. STAUFFER A; SONS,
(Successors to B. J. Miller & Co.)
31Atf NAPPANEE, IND.

Mention the American Bee Jmimal.

luth's Honey Extractor,

Perfection Cold-Blast Smokers,
SQUARE GLASS HONEY-JARS, etc

For Circulars, apply to

CHA.Rr.ES F, MUTH A SON.

Cor. Freeman & Central Avea.. CINCINNATI, O.
P. 8.— Send 10c. for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers.

British. Bee Jo-vimal

AND B££-EE£F£aS' ADVIS£E,

IS published every week, at 6». 6d. per
annum. It contains the very best practical
information for the apiarist. It is edited by
Thomas Wm. Cowan, F.G.S., F.R.M.S., etc., and
published by John Huckle, King's Langley,
Herts, England.

PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION

HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES.

THIN FLAT BOTTOM FOUNDATION

Ha» uo Fii»li-boue iu Surplur^ Houey.

Bein^ the cleanest is usually worked
' tbe quickest of any Foundation made.

J. VAN BEUSEN A. SONS,
Sole Manufacturers.

Sprout Brook, Montgomery Co., N. Y.

lAtf

Mention the American Bee Journal,

Jones' Frame Pliers.

FOB taUlug frames out of lilves, or
moving them in any way desired. It is
made ot Japanned iron, and can be utilized
in many ways. It has a long claw for loos-
ening frames, and a hook which maybe used
tor carrying other frames besides the one
held by the Pliers. Price, 40 cents., by mail.
By express, 30 cents.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
2i6 East Madison St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

iTll-PIECE V - GROOVE SECTIONS

LI li iiv return train, *3.50 per Jl. Circular.
li. J. Tripp, Kalamazoo, Iflicli.

COMBINED

m\l VISE AM) DRILL

The Handiest Tool in Use about a
FARM, SKOF, OFFICS 02 HOUSE.

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES!

WE are prepared to furnish bee-keepers
with Supplies promptly, and at greatly
reduced rates. Estimates gladly furnished,
and correspondence solicited. Our goods are
unexcelled in quality and workmanship.

Itallau Queens and Bees at a very lo.w
price. Send for large illustrated Priee-List,
free. Alley's Queen and Droxe-Tb.ip and
SwABM-HivEB always on hand.

A. F. STAITFFEB A: CO.,
40Etf STERLING, Whiteside Co., ILL.

Price, Couijiiete, .*4.00.

The Drill Attachment can be put on or taken
oft' instantly. Farmeis especially will find it
of great convenience to be able to drill a hole
through a piece of Iron without making a trip
to town. The Anvil and Vise combine strength
mid durabilit.v. the whole making one of the
most complete and useful tools. Width of
Jaw, I'i inches.

THOMAS G. HE'WHSAN 8c SON,
•:-16 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

I li TliAi.A ? One Untested Italian Queen, Toe.
All, llltJltjiS for $2.00; Tested, $1.50. One
Untested Carniolan Queen. $1.00, 3 tor $2.50;
Tested, $2.00. Bees by the pound and Nucleus.
Send for Price-List. Reference— First National
Bank. H. G. FRAME, North Manchester, Ind.
22 Etf
Mention t?ie American Bee Journal.

500 CHOICE QIEEXS ri%1^3^VlSS^;

Untested, 70 cts. each— 3 tor $2.00. Also Beet
Keepers' Supplies, Are. Circular FREE.
26Atf JNO. NEBEL & SON, High Hill, Mo.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

:-SUPPLIES.

Wholesale

and

Retail.

pec

%0 Ib ■■ We furnish Everything needed
in the Apiary, of practical con-
struction, and at the lowest price. Satisfac-
tion guaranteed. Send for our 40-page illus-
trated Catalogue — free to all. Address,

E. Hretclimer, Red Oak, Iowa.

5A9t^l4E9t

WHEN ANSWERING THIS AOVERTtSEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAi_

CARNTflT 4N Qieens a- bees
rirV.i> iUij/lli bred the coming sea-
sou from imported Mothers, will be ready
to send out the 1st of June. Send for
FHEE Circular, to JOHN ANDREWS, Pattens
Mills, Wash. Co., N. Y. lOEtt

Mention the American Bee Journal.

The Brightest |-i''^f.!(U'i

Reddest DRONES. "S'ery ge:

5-lianded. Golden ITALIAN
_ ueeus, and the

Reddest DRONES. "S'ery gentle ; very pro-
lific; good honcv-gaiherers— working on red
clover— and the MOST RA.iiiHfiil BEES in ex-
istence! Took First DrdllllUll Premium
at Michigan State Fair iu 18S9. Samples, 5c.,
and money returned if theyarenotextra nice.
Untested Queens, $1.00; six for $5.00.
Tested (at least 3 baudsi, $2.00 ; Selected, tested
(4 bauds) $3 ; Breeding Queens (4 to 5 bands),
$6.00. Virgin Queens. 50 cents; 5 for $2.00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed.
JACOB T. TISIPE,
18E8t Grand Iiedc:e, Itticb.

WHEN ANSWERING THIS ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION TH19 J0UHN»L.

1890 ITALIAN (jUEEl 1890

SIX young Queens, warranted purelv-mated
for $5.00. English Rabbits, $1.00 per pair.
Mammoth Bronze Turkey Eggs, 25c, ; 9 for
$2.00. Write for Circular.
14Etf J. T. WILSON, Little Hickman, Ky.

THE JtMERICap* PEE JOURN^SI,.

443

m

THOS. G.NEWMMJ &• SON,

XIIO.TIAS G. WEWJUAM,

KDITOE.

Vol, mi July 5,

No, 2],

Select a few combs of well-sealed
honey for winter stores, and take it from
your good, white honey.

Xlie Golden-Rod.— New York, by
vote of its public schools, selected the
golden-rod for its State flower last May. —

Prospects top a IL,arae Yield, in

some places, are very good— but in man y
others they are not so good. Of the former,
this is a representative report :

Bees in this part of the State are doing
finely, and the prospect for a large honey-
yield is very flattering. The season is at
least two weeks ahead of last year.

CiiAs. T. Hexdersox.

Lebanon, Ind., June 37, 1890.

Of the latter, the following letter will
express the experience of many :

Bees have very suddenly cometo a stand-
still in honey gathering. While we have
a heavy bloom of white clover, and our
hives are full of bees, I cannot see a bee
to-day where I saw a hundred a few days
ago, and they are idle at the entrance of
the hive ! So much for expectations ! They
have been doing reasonably well until the
last three or four days.

We have been having a good deal of rain
of late, but they seemed to be doing well
between showers. We had a very heavy
shower on the 21st inst. Since then we
have had none; — the mercury every day
running above 90 degrees, and it has put a
quietus on the honey gathering. How long
it will last remains, yet to be seen.

J. C. Armstrong.

Bromley, Iowa, June 27, 1890.

It is too early to give anything satisfac-
tory as to the prospect for a honey crop.
Basswood promises well,but it is diflScult to
even " guess " now what we shall know in
a few days more. If the demand for sup-
plies means anything, it ought to be the
largest crop for many years.

Itrollier ISoot, in the last issue of
Olcanviigs, givo's a statement of the sad
condition of things in the supply depart-
ment of bis estiililishment — on account of
the great and " unexpected rush forgonds."
A correspondent says some very severe
things concerning Mr. Root and his clerks
and managers. The correspondent was no
doubt quite .justified when he charged that
"a base deceptiou " had been played on
him, when promising that the goods should
be shipped the next day — when it was con-
fessed that they were not shipped for seven
days after that day.

This brought Brother Root up standing.
He was astonished — bewildered — confound-
ed ! "John," his son-in-law, who took
charge of all orders, was home sick for two
weeks with a sprained ankle. Ernest
stepped into the breach, and relying upon
the promises of othei's, said that the goods
should be shippeil the next day. Every one
who knows Ernest will say that he intended
to do as he agreed — but, alas, it is too often
the case, that errors come even when the
best efi'orts are made to prevent them — and
in the present rush who can prevent mis-
takes, errors and delays ? No one ! !

We have complaints on our desk against
four different sujiply dealers. One of the
complainants is so very much wrought up
against one of the largest and most prompt
supply dealers of America, that he wants
to pay for an advertisement in the Bee
JouRNA-L to state his grievance, and warn
others against doing business with him.

We know that the one complained of is
doing all he can to flU orders, and is run-
ning his factory day and night to try to
satisfy his customers, but he is hopelessly
behind.

Here, in our supply house, we are in a
very similar condition. Some things we
cannot supply promptly, particularly the
Sections, on which we are nearly 400,000
behind our orders. We are getting all we
can daily, and ship them instantly, as soon
as they come from the factory. One of our
customers, who had an order for sections
and other goods waiting, complained bit-
terly because a neighbor sent for founda-
tion and received his goods the next day.
He forgot that his order was all held for the
Sections, which must take its tui'n, and
was sent as soon as that turn came.

When the honey is going to waste because
proper receptacles are not at hand, it is
hard for bee-keepers to be patient — and we
do not blame them except for not ordering
earlier, and getting everything needed
ready for use before the honey season com-
menced— as we have so often advised.

Now, orders are coming by telegraph,
for Sections, etc., to be sent by express fit
0»ice. We are very soiTy to have these
good people disappointed, but it Is
inevitable. Everything in stock we ship
promptly and pride ourselves in doing it,
but when we depend on others for stock
not on hand, we are at their mercy.

If there is any consolation in the fact
that all supply dealers are in the same con-
dition,thatconsolationmay be administered
— "for misery loves company." If any one
cannot wait their turn, let them call for
the return of their money — here, at least,
it will be instantly returned, and that solu-
tion of the difficulty will be most welcome
to us, foi- it will be a great relief not to feel
compelled to further disapjjoint our friends
— after having done all we could to accom-
modate them.

The Lewis fire, just at the beginning of
the season, has crippled all supply dealers,
and, in a great measure, is responsible for
many of the delays.

I>o j^ot Send samples of the so called
" foul brood," or any diseased bees through
the mails. It is very dangerous, and there
is no excuse for doing it. Postal clerks and
others handling it may be careless, and
much damage may result. We fully en-
dorse the following from Gleanings of
June 15 ;

Please do not send any suspicious comb
through the mails, or in any other way.
Let all the bee-papers echo the request. If
you are afraid it is in your hives, examine
the description in our text-books; then if
you are not satisfied, state the matter
plainly ; write to us or some other com-
petent authority. Meanwhile take every
precaution against spreading. It should be
treated like seaiiet fever, yellow fever,
cholera, etc. Stamp it out of existence ;
and by no manner of means give a chance
of spreading it by your own thoughtless-
ness or foolishness.

■ H^" N. N. Betsinger,a bee-keeper of note
at Marcellus, N. Y., has just been sentenced
to 15 years in the State's Prison, for im-
morality. He was a prominent citizen, a
preacher, and a leader in the church. A
Marcellus paper reports the matter thus :

Against Mr. Nicholas N. Betsinger,

of Marcellus, the Grand Jury reported 4
indictments under seal — 2 for abduction
and 3 for rape. He was brought into court
in the afternoon, and through his counsel,
ex-District Attorney Lawrence T. Jones,
pleaded not guilty, with the privilege of
moving to set aside the indictment.

He was afterwards tried and condemned,
and is no%v endeavoring to get a new trial.
If guilty, he certainly deserves the sen-
tence—for ruining two orphan girls (9 and
13 years of age) is no small crime, es-
pecially for one who so ostentatiously
paraded his religion at all times. When
the gu-ls escaped to a neighbor's house, and
told their " tale of woe," indignation ran
high, and it was all the police could do to
save his lite. They destroyed his honey-
house and injured some other buUdings.

Xhe Hone}' Almanac is just the
thing to use to sell your new honey, as
soon as it is taken from the hives. Just
order some printed, stating your crop of
new lioney is ready for delivery. It wUl
go like hot cakes ! See prices on page 437.

444

T&m mmkURicmH mm,m jowmnm^.

Uees siiiU llie nexiran Indinus.

— M. T. Vanderpool, in the YoutJVx Cotii-
3}a7lio?i, lately gave the following account
of the bees in Mexico, as related by an In-
dian boy :

The country traversed was much the
same as on the previous day, groves of
noble timber alternating with tracks of
open grassy country. Shortly after noon
we crossed an elevated ridge of dry, stony
soil, where all the hillocks and knolls were
crowned with very thorny cactus, of the
variety known as the candelabra, with
branched clumsy arms often reaching a
height of eight feet.

Shortly afterward Pablo came riding up
to report to us that the band of Indians
was following on our trail. I sent another
of the Gauchos back to observe their move-
ments, and took the boy into the cart.

His talk, in an odd mingling of Spanish
and the native Indian tongue, was very
interesting. After he had told what he
knew about the Indians, we questioned
him about the bees which we saw, whose
ways were entirely new to Melleu and
myself.

"" This bee builds its nests upon the ground
and upon flat stones, senores," he said,
"and it is called the aJpa-miUsqui." We
presently got out of him that vullsqul is
the word for honey. We asked him how
the honey was collected.

" With a little hollow reed, senores,"
said he. He illustrated the process, jump-
ing down from the cart and cutting a grass
stalk which he quick!y converted into a
hollow tube about a foot in length. Then,
Avith a sharpened stick he punctured a hole
in one of the honey-combs. Introducing
the end of the little tube, he proceeded to
suck up the honey into his mouth.

"Bmciio."' he exclaimed, smacking his
lips, " it is cyrohana." He meant a kind of
honey, collected from a very sweet flower
ir the Chaco, called the ybirapayc.

" But, Pablo," said Mellen, " that does
very well for you, but if you were collect-
ing it for me, it would not be quite nice."

" Ah, but I would not take it in my
mouth, senor !" cried the bright lad. " I
would use a larger, longer reed, and only
draw it up into the reed, then blow it into
a dish."

He pointed out another bees' nest to us,
consisting of a pear-shaped mass of cells,
attached to the truuk of a large tree, the
bark of which is used for tanning hides.
This bee Pablo called a mozo mozo, pro-
nouncing the word in a low tone, in imita-
tion of the hum of the insect.

A few moments later he showed us still
another larger bee which he called toisiml,
" the best bee," be said, "of all those in
the Chaco." This bee lays up large stores
of honey, making use of a particular kind
of cactus, called the cardon. as a hive.
The cardon cactus has a very thick trunk,
generally hollow, often a foot or more in
diameter. Inside these drum-like cavities
the toisimi places its hoard of sweets.

At about two o'clock we halted near a
clump of three short, clumsy cacti to rest
the animals and take lunch. Mellen and
Metorras came back and joined us as we
were feasting upon honey and parched
com beside the covered cart.

Supply Dealers who desire to handle
a good Bee-Veil, should write for our dozen
rates on the"Globe" Bee-Veils, to sell again.

Xiie Aiin»i aB«I Objects of bee-
keepers' societies are thus set forth by Mr.
C. N. Wilson, in the Rural Califomian.
He strongly advocates the maintenance of
such societies, and shows that it is to the
advantage of all honey-producers to aid
them in every possible way. He says :

There is a large field to occupy, and a
growing industry to build up and per-
petuate. Now, let us organize, get well
acquainted, and when our honey is ready
for market, do the work in a good; business-
like manner. There is an impression abroad
that 1890 is to be an exceptionally good
year, and we can say that an unusually
large number of persons have begun the
business this season. Most of them are
anxious to get what information they can
as to the business, and a good association
can help them very materially in many
ways. One of the principal things to be
considered is the proper disposal of the
honey after it is pjroduced. Serious hurt is
done to the industry by inexperienced per-
sons trying to sell their honey on a poor
market, or in poor condition. An associa-
tion can get and give information on these
two points alone that would repay any
trouble or expense that would be incurred
in its information.

Doolitlle's Book on Queen-Rearing
has received many encomiums, but per-
haps none of them have been more well-
put and enthusiastic than the following,
which, though written as a "private"
letter, he wiU, we think, excuse the liberty
we take of printing here. It is from Mi.
Joseph G. Steer, of Tacoma, O. He says :

Mr. Doolittle has conferred upon us the
greatest boon since the advent of the frame
hive, in his book on Queen-Rearing. I have
long been his disciple, but his latest grand
discovery has quite taken us oft' our feet.
I read his book, and at once pronounced it
" fiction," which gave me paiu, but I
thought better of it, and said that I would
see. I began, and with the book before
me, I endeavored not to omit a detail. I
had proceeded so far as to get hatched
queens in the upper story of 5 colonies out
of 7 that I tried (the other 2 are not yet
hatched), when I felt that I could not wait
to see the end, to speak of the gratitude I
feel toward him, for all that he has done
for us, and to offer a sincere apology for
the wrong I did him in my heart. Doubt-
less he has I'eceived thousands of letters,
thanking and congratulating him, and I am
afraid that mine comes a little late. Why,
to say nothing of the grand process of
queen-rearing he has given us, let me say
that it is worth many times the cost of the
work to be saved the torment of angry bees
from queenless colonies— a point which has
never been mentioned of the book.

Cliapman Honey-Plant Seed.—

This pjlant has been commended by some of
the most experienced bee-keepers in
America, as being " a most valuable acqui-
sition to the list of bee-forage plants." The
seed may be scattered in waste places, or
it maj- be sown in drills or hills like onion
seed. We can furnish the seed, post-paid,
at the following prices : Single ounce, 40
cents; 4 ounces, *1. 00; 10 ounces, $2.00;
or one pound for $3.00.

m^" Clubs for anything in our Premium
List may be for either of our JorRXALS, or
for any number of either or both of them.

Our Advertisers Speak from Experience.

The following are a few of the many
unsolicited v;ords of Apjjreciation from
those who have TESTED the Bee Journal
for advertising :

An order from Algeria, Africa, says our
address was obtained from the Bee Jouk-

NAL.— H. K. & F. B. TULRBEH, N. Y.

Our Advertisement in the Bee

Journal is the best iuvestment we ever
made. — J. Oatmax & Co., Dundee, Ills.

Caood Medium. — The Bee Joi'rxal is
a good advertising medium, and the charges
are reasonable. — T. J.Ward, St. Mary's, Ind.

Quick Returns. — I get the quickest
return from an advertisement inserted in
the American Bee Joirnal of any paper I
ever advertised in. — Henry Alley, Mass.

Pays '%Vell I thought I had Queens

enough on hand to safely advertise to
" supiply all orders by return mail," but as
soon as I advertised in the Bee Journal, I
not only sold all I had on hand, but orders
came in faster than I could rear them. The
money invested in that advertisement paid
me better than any I ever invested in
anything else. — I. R. Good, Nappanee, Ind.

Xlie Bee Joiirnn 1 does its advertising
wonderfully well. It brought to me re-
sponses from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico,
and from the Alleghanies to the Rocky
Mountains. — W. M. Rogers, ShelbyviUe, Ky.

II aviiisadvertised in the American Bee
Journal quite extensively foryears,I would
say (without solicitatiou) that it sold more
queens for me than anj- other three papers
I have ever tried. — L. J. Diehl, Butler, Ind.

I am much pleased with the result of my
advertisement iu the American Bee Jour-
nal. I have sold out completely, and sent
back about $50 for which I had no goods to
send. — M. P. Cady, Poy Sippi, Wis.

I now have aU the orders I can fill this
season. Most of my customers say that
they saw my advertisement in the Ameri-
can Bee Journal.— H. G. Frame, North
Manchester, Ind.

During the year 18SS, we had an adver-
tisement running in the American Bee
Journal, and we had the same in several
Daily and Weekly papers, but to our surprise
we received more than double the number
of responses from the advertisement in the
American Bee Journal, than from all our
others combined.

The fact that we are still receiving letters
referring to our advertisement in the Bee
Journal, shows that it is preserved and read
long after it is received. Newspapers are
read and thrown aside and that ends it, but
the Bee Journal is preserved, and the
advertisements are often noticed and bring
responses long after they appeared in it.

We regard the American Bee Journal as
a first-class advertising medium.

Cedar Rapids High-Speed Engine Co.,
Henry Riokel, President.

1^" The July number of " The National
Magazine," of Chicago, opens with an
article entitled " Harvard University and
Reform," by Chancellor Harkins, of the
National University of Chicago, in which
wisdom of President's Eliot's radical recom-
mendations is forcibly maintained.

-rmm mi>amRicjx.n bee jqurnj^i:,.

445

makings the Woud.Kiiie Qiiecii-
Exeludins: Honey-Boards.

Written for the AmeHcan Bee Journal

Qi'EKT 715. — 1. What wood do you con-
sider the best for rims o£ wood-zinc queen-
excluders? 2. How should the corners of
the rims be joined, to obtain the greatest
strength? 3. In your opinion, is the break-
joint feature worth retaining! — New York.

1. Pine or whitewood. 3. It is. — Mrs. L.
Hahkison.

Here, again, I am "left." Ask Dr. Tinker.
—J. M. Hambacgh.

1. We use slatted honey -boards with zinc.
3. I think so.— A. J. Cook.

1. Whitewood or basswood. 2. I simply
Bail them together. 3. Yes. — R. L. Taylor.

1. I have had no experience. 3. Dove-
tailed. 3. With the wood-zinc honey-board,
no. — A. B. Mason.

1. Anything light and tough. 2. Nailed.
3. I hardly know. — Eugene Secok.

1. Pine is good. 2. Halving together
works well. 3. I do not use it. — G. M. Doo-

ilTTLE

1. Good pine will answer as well as any.

2. Nail them well at the corners. 3. No. —

C. H. DiBBERN.

1 and 2. I have had but little experience.

3. I doubt the value of the break-joint
feature.— C. C. Miller.

1. Pine is the best I have used. 2. Toeing
and grooved with saws and driven together
makes a very strong corner. 3. I am using
honey-boards with and without the break-
joint feature, and can see no difference. —
H. D. Cutting.

1. What in the West is usually poplar. 3.
That depends on the width and thickness
of the stuff used. As good a way as any is
to let the end-pieces lap over the ends of
the side-pieces, or vice versa, and nail with
long and slender wire nails. — M. Mahin.

1 and 3. I have not had sufficient experi-
ence to make my opinion of any value. 3.
I do not think that the "break-joint fea-
ture " is of any particular value. The ques-
tion, however, it is but fair to say, is
mooted, and some think it of great value.—
J. E. Pond.

1. The wood known in this locality as
hickory poplar is the best. It is a variety
of the whitewood or tulip tree. 2. By
dovetailing. 3. In my wood-zinc queen-
excluders, the break-joint feature is a dis-
advantage, and has beeu so proved by aU
■who have tested the matter.— G. L. Tinker.

1. I use either poplar or pine. 3. I cut
the sheet of perforated-zinc just the size I
want the excluder when completed, and
frame it, using 8 pieces to each sheet. Two
of the pieces are cut just as long as the
sheet is wide, and two are cut just as long
as the sheet is long less the widths of the
two end-pieces, and two are cut just as long
as the sheet is wide less the widths of the
two side-pieces. This makes the number
eight. These strips are kept in stock, and
are three-sixteenths by seven-eighths of an
inch. They are placed on the edges of the
sheet so as to make a square lap at the
corners. The whole is nailed with wire
nails that will clinch. I use a " form "
•when putting on the rim, so as to keep the

sheet straight. Made in this way, they are
cheaper and better than any wood-audzinc
board. — G. W. Demahee.

1. Whitewood, often called poplar or
tulip. Not white poplar,but yellow poplar,
commonly called whitewood. 8. Just
nailed together ; that is, if all the slats are
just right, the houey-board will be strung
and not come apart. Being the inventor,
and having used them nearly ten years, I
speak from experience. 3. Y'es, sir, and it
will be retained. Let bee-keepers say what
they may, I desire to go on record every
chance I get, that both the bee space and
the break-joint principles in honey-boards
will live with bee-keepers long after you
and I are gone. — James Heddon.

1. Good pine will do very well. 3. Nail
them together .strongly. 3. That is a dis-
puted point, but I am of the opinion that it
is of value, and will be retained.— The
Editor.

PRIZE ESSAY.

Extracted Honey — Origin or the
Extractor, its Use, etc.

Written Sor the American Bee Journal

BT C. W. DAYTON.

From the time of Jacob, man has
known the value of honey. For thou-
sands of years hone}- was the only
sugar known, and was obtained by
putting the combs in a cloth and press-
ing it out, or melting the combs and
thus separating it from the wax. These
plans were followed until one Hrusehka
of Venice, Italy, gave to his son a
piece of unsealed comb honey. He
put it in his basket and swung it
around in a circular manner, when
Hrusehka noticed that the honey had
been drained out, and concluded that
the combs could be emptied bj' cen-
trifugal force. Machines were soon in-
vented for this purpose, and the ad-
vantage proved to be greater than had
been anticipated. Here was the origin
of the honey-e,xtractor.

Liquid hone}' taken frou> the combs
with the honey-extractor has now been
before the world about 25 years, and
much has beeu the discussion regard-
ing its merits and dements, as com-
pared with other sweets. It is the oul}-
product of the apiary that has any
likelihood of becoming a staple article.
This it may be able to do when it has
been produced in sufficient quantity,
and thoroughly introduced. It will
easily outstrip comb honey, on account
of its cheapness and usefulness, as it is
a necessary,and, not like comb honey,
wholly a luxury — and the cost of pro-
duction ensures this.

This introduction must be accom-
plished by constantly appealing to the
taste. Let people taste of the honey
the}- are asked to buy, and they will

soon know whether they want it, and
what to do with it. If all the extracted
lioney oBered for sale was equal to
some I liave produced, there would be
little hesitation in deciding that mo.9t
other sweets would be driven out, and
comb honey would go begging.

A little depends upon getting the
bees in condition to gather the honey ;
a great deal more upon the time of
taking it from the hives ; considerable
upon its preparation for market ; but a
decidedly important, and a veiy much
more perplexing (piestion than any of
these, is the selling.

The selling depends largely upon
the quality, and the quality upon the
ripening process. The proper time for
extracting, is when the combs are at
least all capped over. Honey, when it
is " green," has a greenish tinge, a
rank taste, and is never as fine flavored
as well ripened honey.

Properly ripened basswood or clover
honey has a sparkling clearness like
flint glass, and the taste is pure and
exquisite. I have never seen any-
honey that I was so well satisfied to sell
as that that had been all sealed over
before extracting it from the combs, or
that was allowed to remain in the
hives a few months, and extracted as
it was sold. Such honey will run comb
honey a hard race at an equal price.
It has not much tendency to granulate,
and acquires a flavor of the bees and
hive that is highly prized by those who
use honey as a luxury. This flavor,
often, is about all they buy it for, and
if it fails in this particular, it is a dis-
appointment. It is the most distin-
guishable characteristic of bee-honey,
and it is seldom very apparent in
honey that is gathered by the bees and
ripened by artificial means.

There are as many grades of ex-
tracted honey as there is butter or
cheese, and they are usually desig-
nated as basswood, clover, golden-rod
or buckwheat. These are simply the
sources from which the honey was
gathered, and it is quite uncertain in
determining the quality.

For example, basswood is always
considered a finer grade of honey than
buckwheat, but, in consequence of the
basswiiod lioney-flow coming ou in a
" shower," necessitating the hasty ex-
traction of the lioney in order to pro-
vide room for more, it may be of such
consistency that the buckwheat coming
on moderately, the honey may be so
well ripened while it is being gatli-
ered that it is a more delicious article
of honey, and worth more per pound
for table use than the basswood.

It is reasonable that honey may, l^y
absorption from the air, or the recep-
tacles in which it is stored, lose a deli-
cate flavor, and have a flat, dull taste
instead ; when, if it had remained in

446

THE? SMEmiCfilf MMM JQ-WmMMLe.

*-^^^*-^'

the hives it would have absorbed ele-
ments that banish doubts of genuine-
ness from the minds of the most in-
credulous. It may require an expert
to tell whether a poor article of honey
was put up by the bees, but any kind
of a judge can readily distinguish it
when it has remained in the hives a
few months.

There is needed, enough combs to
carrv the whole crop until the time of
sale" before extracting it from the
combs. This is considerable expense,
but it should be remembered that a
good article cannot be secured so
cheaply as a poorer one. This plan
seems to be the only alternative. Ex-
tracted honey that has been sealed up
in the combs six months, is not more
expensive to the apiarist at 8 cents per
pound, than comb honey at 14 cents.
Neither is honey in the comb more
agreeable to the taste than it is out of
the comb, except that so much depends
upon the time when it is extracted, or,
more accurately, the place where it is
ripened.

Apiculture has the reputation of
being an embarkation that requires
not very much capital, and especially
so in the production of extracted
honey. As the combs are the apiarist's
capital, and as liquid honey is more
cheaply stored in barrels than in
combs, it is an incentive for the use of
the extractor too earlj- and too often,
getting along with not more than one-
fourth the number of combs.

The honey of the old-fogy and
"gum" bee-keepers was allowed to
remain in the " gum " until late in the
fall, and hundreds there are using
honey, harvested by modern methods,
who say that it does not taste so de-
licious as it used to.

Extracted honey should be classed
as first, second and third quality — not
basswood, clover and buckweat ; and
the tirst grade should be marketed in
the fanciest shape possible, and de-
serves the highest price, as a luxury.
A good article has qualities that com-
mend it to any use, but. considering
the price, it is not as salable for vine-
gar-making as a poorer grade. Nor
will it give better satisfaction. To put
anything but the best quality of honey
in small, showy packages educates
suspicion, and often takes but one dose
to a customer.

Those who buy honey in small
quantities want the best, with but
little regard as to what it costs. What-
ever the quality or kind the honey
may be, it has a highly respectable use,
and should be sold for some special
purpose. It has more uses than one,
and must be varied in price to enable
it to hold its own in competition with
other substances. The strongest point
in its favor, is the fact that tliere are

so many grades, and all so nicely
adapted to special use.

A custom of selling all extracted
honey in small packages is belittling
to the business, and casts the idea that
a little of it is all that is of any use,
and thereby the small package trade is
doing a great deal that prevents ex-
tracted honey becoming an article for
general and wholesale consumption.
The best package for it is a farmer's
milk-can, holding from 40 to 60 pounds,
and with them I have disposed of the
largest quantity and made the easiest
sales.

It is preferable to shovel granulated
honey from the barrels into the re-
ceptacles brought by customers, as it
is likely to make a broad, every-day
impression, and is in accordance with
their ideas of handling a staple article.
It is the common folks who use the
most honey, who eat heartily, pur-
chase in considerable quantities, and
want it at all seasons.

It should be supplied at all times of
the year, by the bee-keepers in local
markets, so that when a market is once
created, it will not be allowed a long
space of time in which to die out.
Those who have put a dependence
upon it will change it for something
else, if it is not supplied the year
round.

When honey is a luxury, it is mostly
eaten in the fall — perhaps on Thanks-
giving or Christmas, and is soon gone,
not to return until another year. To
treat a staple article in like manner,
i.s comparable to using up the winter's
supply of fuel in one week, and sitting
by a frosty stove the rest of the time.

There is great need of bee-keepers
adopting some co-operative methods in
the matter of production, marketing
and general reports that people may
have customs that are reasonably staid
to accustom themselves to, and to
assist the whole people in the eflbrts to
put in practice the oft-repeated argu-
ment of patronizing home industries,
which is applicable to the honej'-indus-
try as a substitute for sugar and
syrup.

" My favorite method of selling
quickly, is to load a wagon with 100-
pound, 50-pound and 25-pound kegs,
and drive over a certain route once or
twice a mouth. Upon the wagon-box
is printed in large, plain letters the
word "HONEY." It is best to take
more than one grade and kind, and, in
selling, full explanations should be
furnished for the use to which it may
be put.

That granulation is a characteristic
of pure honey, is now so well under-
stood, that is an instance of excep-
tional ignorance on the part of one
unacquainted therewith. One or more
kegs should be furuishcd with honej--

gates, and so arranged that a pair of
scales bearing the customer's jar may
be placed upon it imder the gate, and
small amounts of honey be weighed
out.

Although I have frequently been
told that there was adulterated liquid
honej- in existence, in all my travels I
have never succeeded in finding a
pound of it, and consequently I may
be deficient on that phase of the
subject.

Bradford, Iowa.

LATE SWARMS.

How to jUake liiem Profitable
to the Apiarist.

Written for the Amcricmi Rxiral Home

BY G. M. DOOLITTLE.

It is the custom of many bee-keepers
to hive new swarms on a new stand at
all times of the year, and while this is
profitable in the early part of the sea-
son, it is often ruinous so far as a crop
of surplus honey is concerned, where
practiced the latter part of the honey
harvest.

As the season advances, a different
plan is needed from that used during
June, and after considerable stndy
along this line I hit upon the following
plan which has worked to my complete
satisfaction. As soon as a swarm is
seen issuing, I take six frames of comb
and two wide frames of sections, put-
ting the same into a box or hive which
is convenient to carry, and when I
arrive at the hive from which the
swarm is coming out, I take the frames
from the box and place them down by
the hive. The hive is now opened,
and all the frames of brood and honey,
with the adhering bees, taken out and
placed in the box, after which the two
wide frames are placed one at each
side of the hive, and the six frames of
comb put between them. The hive is
now re-ari-anged and closed.

If the weather is warm, and there
are many bees on the frames of brood
in the box, about one-third of them
are shaken off in front of the hive,
when the box is placed in the shade a
rod or two away, so that none of the
bees from the swarm will find it while
thev are being hived, which is the next
thing to do ; hiving them in the re-
arranged hive on the old stanil. If
the weather is cool, or but few bees
are on the combs of brood, omit the
shaking off, for it will want all of them
to keep the brood in good condition.

Now take the box and place the
combs in an empty hive, placing the
hive where you wish it to stand, and
and after all is nicely fixed, leave
them until the next morning. At any
time during the forenoon give them a

rtMM mTmmmicKn bee^ journki^.

447

^■^*-^*-^*-*-*^*-^*^*-^^^

virgin queen or a queen-cell just ready
to hatch, and j'ou will have no trouble
with after-swarms, for the bees feel so
poor at this time that they are glad of
anything in the shape of a queen.

However, if the delay is longer than
18 hours, they often get so strength-
ened by the rapidly hatching brood,
that they will destroy the queen-cell,
or kill the virgin queen, and after-
swarming will be the result. Do not
give them a laying queen unless you
wish a prime swarm from the colony
in from two weeks to 18 days, for the
bees will surely use her for such
swarming if the honey harvest con-
tinues for that length of time.

By this plan I get a strong colony
on the old stand which will do as much,
if not more, in the sections than they
would if they had not swarmed, for a
new swarm will work with a vigor not
known to bees under any other circum-
stances. In ten days, if the honey
harvest continues, sections are given
to the colony, which has rapidly in-
creased to such, from the combs of
brood carried in the box, and as the
young queen has now commenced to
lay, the bees will at once go into the
sections, often giving a good yield of
honey ; yet the main yield will come
from the new swarm, as they have at
least one-third more bees than they
would have had they been hived on a
new stand, all the field bees returning
to this place.

As these bees work with a will in the
new swarm, as we have them all here
with the swarm, and as the harvest is
at its height also, and the brood-cham-
ber contracted, the storing of honey
goes on in the sections at a rapid pace,
such colonies often giving from 50 to
100 pounds of honey for their keeper,
while if hived on the old plan, little
save empty sections would be the
result.

Now it will be seen that if the hive
is left as we now have it until winter,
the bees are not liable to have suffi-
cient stores for winter, so when the
harvest of white honey begins to draw
to a close, the sections are taken from
the sides, which were placed there at
the time of hiving, and the combs nec-
essary to till out the hive are used to
take their places. In this way the
bees will fill these last for winter, and
should a fall yield occur, they will
often have some extra to spare for any
light colonies you may chance to have.

If all the sections which were placed
at the sides are not completed, they
are to be taken from the wide frames
and placed with those which are on
top, when the bees will finish them, if
the season does not drop off too sudden.
At this time of the year no more empty
sections should be put on the hive to
take the place of the full ones taken

off, but on the contrary, the number of
sections should be contracted as much
as possible, so as to crowd the whole
force of bees on the few that ai'e
partly finished, so that, if possible, tliey
may be completed. In this way we
lessen the number of unfinished sec-
tions to be carried over the winter
materially, and get nearly all of our
honey in a marketable shape ; in
places where the fall or darker honey
does not find a ready sale, as is the
case in this locality.

I find it profitable to take away
combs from below which are filled and
sealed, placing empty combs in their
stead, setting them one side to feed the
bees with in the winter or spring, as
some colonies will often get short, and
I know of no prettier way of feeding
bees than to set in combs of sealed
honey; for in this way the bees have
their feed in just the way nature de-
signed they should have it.

Borodino, N. Y.

QUEEN-EXCLUDERS.

Tlie Use of Perforated.Zinc for
Queen-Rearing.

Read at the Ohio State Convention

BY DK. G. L. TINKER.

In discussing this subject, it seems
proper to consider the best size of
perforations in sheet metal for queen-
reai'ing. Up to the present time, if
there have been others who have made
extensive experiments to determine the
best size to use, they have not made it
known.

The size that I have finally decided
upon is somewhat more than tive-
thirty-seconds of an inch ; in fact, I do
not know the measm'emeut in parts of
an inch, but I do know that it is the
smallest perforation that will admit
the free and unobstructed passage of
the worker-bees, and anything less is
manifestly impracticable. Five-thirty-
seeonds of an inch will admit worker-
bees, but not freely. I have here a
sample of perforated-zinc having this
size of perforations. It was sent out
some years since by Mr. A. I. Root,
and all wlio used it finally decided
that it was an obstruction to the
worker-bees, and abandoned its use.

About this time I made my first ma-
chine for perforating zinc, and made
the perforations a little larger. I soon
found, however, that they had to be
considerably larger than flve-thirty-
seconds of an inch, and that the length
of the perforations was not a matter to
be considered, so that they were as
long as a worker-bee. After changing
the dies a number of times. I concluded
that I had it about right, and put much

of the new zinc to use in queen-traps
and honey-boards. But after a little I
discovered worker-bees apparently
ti'ving to gnaw the perforations a little
larger, in the queen-traps, and many
were seen to be poking their heads
back and forth through the zinc, as if
to try it before venturing through, and
this even after the zinc had been be-
fore the hives for sometime.

I then saw that the bees that were
apparently gnawing the zinc, were in
reality fast in the zinc by the top of
their heads, and the tip of their mandi-
bles. And many of the bees were
several minutes in extracting their
heads. I then decided to further en-
large the perforations, and that the
smallest practical perforation was one
that would allow the bees to test it, as
they are sure to do, by bobbing their
heads through the zinc to find if they
can pass without hindrance.

I then made my square-end dies for
perforating zinc, now so well known,
and found that it obviated all the difli-
culties before encountered ; and yet
the perforations were considerably
smaller than any other perforated-zinc
in use.

I have since made new dies for
making round-end perforations. The
size of the perforations are about the
same as the dies I still use for making
the perforations with the square ends.

As before stated, in queen-rearing
as in the production of comb or ex-
tracted honey, the perforations in the
zinc must be of a size to admit the free
and obstructed passage of worker-
bees ; and it is fouad, after some thi-ee
years' use of my perforated-zinc, that
no laying queen has ever been known
to pass it ; and that no ordinarily-
developed virgin queen has been able
to get through it.

It is true, that by some of the
methods of queen-rearing, the queens
are but little larger than worker-bees,
and such are able to pass the zinc ; but
such undeveloped queens are unpro-
lific, as compared with fully developed
queens, and thej* are of no pi'actical
value. It follows that bee-keepers
who use perforated-zinc for queen-
rearing or other purposes, should rear
only good and well-developed queens,
and especially since good queens can
now be reared as cheaply as poor ones.

As to the methods of using per-
forated-zinc in queen-rearing, they are
so many and so varied that I shall
only be able to allude to a few of
them.

The wood-zinc honey-board has of
late proved to be quite indispensable
to queen-breeders, as it is to many
producers of comb honey.

Large numbers of queen-cells can
be produced above a queen-excluder,
while a good laying queen is in the

448

Tmm ffiMBRiesK mmm jqijimmwi^.

brood-chamber. Indeed, it seems at
tliis time, to be the most approved
method of rearing queens up to the
point of hatching.

Perforated-ziuc may also be used to
make queen-fertilizing apartments, to
be used over any ordinary hive or
brood-chamber, it being only required
that the queens cannot come in con-
tact with each other to insure the
mating of each one of them from sep-
arate entrances, as in my new Queen-
Kearing-Chamber. But queens cannot
be fertilized from the upper stories of
hives, while there is a laying queen in
the brood-chamber, unless they be so
far removed from the laying queen as
to make the establishment of an inde-
pendent colony or nucleus possible ;
and all who claim the contrary are
misleading.

Again, it is impracticable to get
queens fertilized, many at a time, from
any colonj', except in the midst of a
hone3'-tiow wliere the queen apart-
ments are connected by perforated-
zinc, so that the worker-bees can go to
all the apartments. It follows that
some sort of an independent system of
nuclei for securing the fertilization of
queens is necessar}- in the absence of
a good honey-tiow.

New Philadelphia. Ohio.

MINNESOTA.

The Season and Condition of the
Bees Described.

Written Jor theAvierican Bee Journal

BY C. THEILMANN.

Bees in this vicinity have been in a
starving condition for the past three
weeks on account of wet weather, in
which time we had only about three
days that it did not rain. Creeks and
rivers have been high, and the corn-
fields are so thoroughly soaked with
water, that they cannot be cultivated —
most of them look as green as mead-
ows. On flat lands the corn is sufl'er-
ing, and looks yellow. Small grain is
very rank and soft, and if it rains
much more, the prospects for a crop
will be slim.

My bees wintered fairlj- well, 2 col-
onies dying out of 280, when I put
them out on April 4 ; but there were
more bees on the cellar floor than
usual, on account of its being too warm
nearly all winter.

The first pollen came in on April 8,
and from that daj- on there was abun-
dant bloom, one kind following
another up to now ; but the weather
was cold up to April, cloudy mostly
through Ma}", and rainy in June so far.
There has been only about one week
since May 28 that the bees stored a

little more than their living. I do not
think that I would have one colon}'
alive now, if I had not fed them in
time, although they had from 10 to 20
pounds of honey in their hives when
I put them out of the bee-cellar.

Some of the strongest colonies suf-
fered the most, and a number of them
had eaten their brood and torn the
cappings oif the nearly hatching pupre
before I noticed their condition. So
far I really reared consumers all
spring, instead of producers (according
to Mr. Doolittle's theory) for the honey
crop ; but it has not yet come, and at
present the outlook is rather slim, for
white and other clovers are badly
winter-killed, and what there is left
(now in bloom) has but little honey,
as it is too wet.

Linden has but few buds — only one
tree in about twenty has any at all,
and the others have them only scat-
tering ; so the white honey crop will
be small here, at best. We may have
a good fall honey crop, if the weather
is favorable, as all vegetation (weeds)
is verj' strong and health}' looking.

To have the bees ready for the
harvest at the right time has "turned
my head" considerable lately, as I
cannot find out by practice or other-
wise that "right time." I can get my
bees in the right condition at a certain
time, if I only know the time in ad-
vance. It is clover time now, and I
liave strong colonies of bees to harvest
a big crop, but the outside conditions
are out of their usual order, which
man is unable to conti'ol. I have
always looked at that " right time "
theory as a rather " thin concern," the
proof of which I am experimenting at
the present.

Later. — Since writing the above,
we had very heavy rains nearly all
day and part of the night of June 23,
and to-day the Zumbro river is over-
flowing its whole bottoms, tloing im-
mense damage on the meadows and
cornfields. This is the highest flood
on this river, in summer time, since
1859, and is doing the most damage,
as the hay crop was nearly full grow-
ing, and the cornfields will be badly
washed.

The past two days were very hot —
100- above zero in the shade. Bees
are not doing anything, as there is no
nectar in white or Alsike clover. Mine
are in a starving condition, with a
field of Alsike clover (which was not
much winter killed, as it is sheltered)
40 rods from the apiary, and in full
bloom. Alsike never failed to yield
honey heretofore.

Theilmanton, Minn., June 26, 1890.

THE BEE-YARD.

much Bloom, bHt no Honey—
Self-Hi vers, etc.

Written for the American Bee Jofwmal

BY F. D. LACY.

^- The Northern niinois Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, will hold its tall meeting at Harlem, Ills., on
Aug. 19. 1890. D. A. Fdllek, Sec.

The hives are roaring full of bees,
with heavy brood coming, but empty
of honey. The apple-trees bloomed in
their fullness, but no bees worked upon
their blossoms. The wild cherry and
many other wild blossoms were also
slighted. White clover covers the
plains, and makes the fields white
with its bloom, but no bees are found
at work upon it. The flowers of my
wife's beautiful garden seem to have
no attraction for the bees — they hurl
past to distant wilds for forage, and it
is a mystery what they get.

I sit by the hives, and behold that
they all work from the same thing. A
light and bright yellow pollen goes in
on 46 bees per minute, and at a low
estimate it would aggregate to at least
six quarts every ten hours, besides
what honey is carried in, all of which
is consumed, or has been thus far.

We have had much rainy and windy
weather, however, which has been a
great set-back. I have a swamp, with
various kinds of timber growing, a
short distance to the northwest of my
bee-yard — the bees all go in that direc-
tion, and I followed to find what they
were working upon. Thousands were
to be seen upon the ground where the
water during the winter stood and has
soaked away. I took some of the
earth, and thought I would analyze it,
but concluded that if it possessed any
saccharine quality, it would only de-
velop out to me carbon, oxygen and
nitrogen — all of which I knew the
mud possessed ; sufHce to say, the bee
has a finer apparatus for analyzing
than that of mine.

No swarms have issued up to this
date.

ANTS AND BDMBLE-BEES.

I placed salt in front of the hives to
keep the grass down, which I find to
be a good way. A part of my yard is
dry and sandy, and the ants invade
the ground by millions. I sprinkled
the ground profusely with kerosene, and
exterminated them. You want to look
out for the large black ant. It is a
terror among bees, and very destruc-
tive, doing its work at night, destroy-
ing both bees and comb.

Bumble bees are very numerous for
so early in the season. They visit the
hives, and walk in without invitation.
I kill them when I can.

EXTERnlENTING WITH SWARM-HIVERS.

I have made attachment of my auto-
matic swarmer, to about 30 of the

TUm SIMERICKN BEE JOURNffL.

449

hives of my heaviest colonies. I shall
use no queen-excluders, for the waj' I
have it I am confident that it will re-
quire none. I concluded that I would
not shout until I was out of the wilder-
ness, but I hope soon to report success.

My fish-pond adjoins the bee-park,
where sport thousands of brij^ht speck-
led trout, and where a tine little skiff
is found, in which my six beautiful
children pass many happy hours ; also,
where ray bees "wet their whistles."

On the night of May 29, three thiev-
ing boys invaded my bee-park, for
which I have them upon "the string."
I have invented a lock for each hive,
which is simple and handy, of nominal
cost, and no incumbrance.

I have also an electric wire which
surrounds my bee-yard, so that no one
can approach the hives without ring-
ing the bell at my room window.

Lake Co., Mich., June 14, 1890.

CANADA.

Report of the Halciiiiiaiid, Ont.,
Convention.

The May meeting of the Haldimaud
Bee-Keepei's' Association was held at
Cayuga, Out., on May 17, 1890, with
President Frank Rose in the chair.

THE REARING OF QUEENS.

Mr. Armstrong said he did not rear
queens until swarming-time, and only
from his best colonies — good honej'-
gatherers, of nice color, and gentle.
He gave a very interesting account of
his methods, and had very good re-
sults, losing very few young queens in
mating.

The President and Mr. Kindree ex-
plained their plans of rearing queens.

INTRODUCING QUEENS.

Mr. Atkinson uses a Peet cage,
which he puts into the hive requiring
a queen, and leaves it there until the
bees gnaw her out. He then removes
the cage when everything is quiet.

Mr. Schisler gave an amusing ac-
count of his first attempt at introducing
a queen.

Mr. Armstrong said that he thought
a great many queens were lost through
the bee-keeper being too anxious to
see whether the queen is all right, and
examining the hive too soon after the
queen has been introduced. He now
leaves the colony alone for several
days, and never loses a queen. He
uses a Peet cage, but instead of putting
it between the frames, he puts it on
top of the frames, and lets the bees
get her out.

Mr. Overholt lets the queen run in
on top of the frames in the evening,
about dark, and he has been very
successful.

The President thought that the most
important thing about introducing
queens was not to disturb the colony;
do it in the evening, and as quietly as
possible.

Twelve members of the association
reported 411 colonies, fall count, and
396 in the spring of 1890.

It was decided to have the Secretary
correspond with Mr. G. B. Jones, I'e-
garding his terms for a lecture on bee-
keeping at the next meeting on the
last Friday in August ; also that the
next meeting be held at South Cayuga,
Ont. Frank Rose, Pres.

BEE-PROVERBS.

Some Warning; Suggestions from
a Proverbial Experience.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY M. A. KELLEY.

My son. let not thine enemy entice
thee to tolerate frames aud fixtures of
diverse sizes in thine apiary. At first
the}- may be pleasant to the eyes, being
new, but the}- wax old,and are covered
with brace-combs and vexation. They-
are weariness to the flesh, and engen-
der profanity. They stir up trouble
in the earl}' morn, and do not desist
therefrom until the going down of the
sun. They will follow thee into the
land of sleep, and vex thee in thy
dreams. They beget war between the
bee and her keeper, in which the
weapons are hands and stings. He
wildly claweth the air, aud the bee
getteth in her work near his off optic.
He retireth in haste to his tent, and
applieth divers useless remedies, and
his neighbor peepeth over the fence
and laugheth him to scorn. Life hav-
ing lost its its point for the bee, she
pineth away and is no more.

Moreover, when thou sendest thine
order for odd-sized fixtures to the sup-
ply dealer, he will smile at thy ver-
dancy, and in his heart he will call
thee a fool. And when thou comest
to sell thy bees, the buyer will write
back, being wroth, that he wist not
that he was dealing with a crank. So
the odd-sized frames sticketh closer
than a brother-in-law, for the other
fellow, being in his right mind, will not
part with his shekels in exchange.
And thus shall odd-sized fixtures be-
come a drug upon the market, and an
eye-sore to the children of men.

My son, be thou warned in time aud
go not after the patent clap-trap man,
who lieth in wait for thy lucre. Sweet-
ly as a syren he singeth, but the end
is trouble and sorrow. Cleave unto
standard sizes, and good tools, and
get unto thyself comfort and pleasure.
Be not over-anxious to be ahead of

the times, like some we wot of, for in
the day that they are overtaken, thou
canst laugh at their calamity. Let
others fuss with fixtures of doubtful
utility, and if they prove to be valua-
ble, thou canst then invest in them
safely.

These are words of truthfulness and
soberness, being based on the writer's
experience. Heed them, and take
comfort all the days of thy bee-keep-
ing.for if thou do not, there is trouble.

Milton, W. Va.

ROBBING.

Some Experiences witli tiie Bees
Robbing.

Written for the Prairie Farmer

BY MRS. L. HARRISON.

Not long since there was prospect of
the whole apiaiy being demoralized.
Bees appeared to know a hive that
contained honey, and thousands of
bees were determined to get it. It was
risky business to feed, for it was soon
telegraphed all around, and thousands
were determined to have a share
When weak colonies were fed, it ap-
peared to excite them, and if robbers
came, made no attempt to defend their
store, but invited them in, and finally
went home with them. The only safe
time to feed was a little before or just
after sundown.

Syrup, made of any kind of good
cane sugar, is a safe food for bees now,
when they can fly, and excites robbing
much less than honey. It should be
made thin, and can be fed in any sort
of a vessel with care. It is not natural
for a bee to sip like a fly, and if they
slip into a tin or earthen-ware vessel
containing syrup, they cannot get out ;
if it is a woodeu one, they can. They
can gi'ip wood with their feet, but can-
not a smooth, glazed surface. Tin
pans are good feeders, provided that
cheese-cloth or some thin material is
tied over loosely, so that it will settle
down upon the surface of syrup, as it
is taken out by the bees. Care should
be taken that no bees can get under it,
for if they do, they will drown. Simply
spreading on the cover will not do. It
must be tied around under the pro-
jecting rim.

Blocks of wood, which have kerfs
cut in them by a wobbling saw. make
good feeders. I was given such an
one by a manufacturer, and on show-
ing it to a bee-keeping visitor, he said:
"Mrs. Harrison, you fill that thing
with syrup aud give it to the bees, and
it will soon be a drowning, writhing
mass of bees." It was in the fall of the
year, when I had a colony that had not
sufficient stores for the coming winter,

450

Tmm Mi^EKieMf* be© joyRPiniu.

fc»4fc*ai-^^*-^-\^fcA<

h^M^A^A^A^AmtMm^^^^*A

so I tilled it and gave it to the bees.
In an hour or so I said : " Let us go
and look at the feeder." We found
the feeder empty — clean and dry, and
not a dead bee. He looked astonished
and said: "Is not that curious?"
There is nothing curious about it to
one who understands the nature of a
bee's foot.
Peoria, Ills.

BUCKWHEAT.

How

Should be Oro^vii anil
Harresled.

Written for the Country Oentleman

BY H. STEWART.

Buckwheat is not only one of the
most useful and productive of crops,
considering its short season, but it is
only so when it is grown under the
best conditions. Its average yield is
perhaps under 20 bushels per acre, but
I have grown 75 bushels once, and 40
to 50 bushels often.

The grain is one of the best for feeding
all animals, but pigs especially ; the
bran or refuse after grinding is better
food than any other, and while the
straw is not adapted for feeding, it is,
when used as other straw, as free from
objection in any way as other straws
are.

This crop may be grown in the
shortest season. It may be sown from
June to July. The twelfth of the
latter month is the favored time where
the grain is grown for making flour for
sale, and where its quality is held to be
superior to that produced in any other
locality. The best soil is a stony
gravel ; it thrives best all along the
range of the Appalachian mountain
from North Carolina to Northern New
York through West Virginia and Penn-
sylvania. A considerable quantity of
limestone in the soil seems favorably
to affect the qualit}- of the grain for
flour, but I have grown it on the fresh
forest lands of Michigan, the slate hills
of Pennsylvania, the loose sands of
New Jersey, and here on the most an-
cient granite hills of Western North
Carolina — everywhere without any ap-
parent failure in its good quality. But
in all cases I have given it as good
care as the corn or oat crop, and have
never been disappointed by an ungen-
erous return.

I have cut the clover late in June,
turned the sod under after a few
showers have started a new growth,
and sowed buckwheat in Julj% seeding
with clover and timothj-, have taken a
crop yielding $40 or $50 per acre, and
the next year have cut hay.

The preparation of the land and the
sowing of the seed are too commonly
thought to be immaterial, but this is a

great mistake. The principle of " what
is worth doing is always worth doing
well." applies to this as to every other
farm work ; and good plowing and
harrowing and covering in the seed are
essential to a good yield. As the early
fall frosts are most to be avoided, a
quick start and rapid growth are neces-
sai-y to this end, and will mature the
crop before any danger need be ap-
prehended. As the grain contains con-
siderable lime, phosphoric acid and
sulphur, 9J, 6 and 2J pounds in 1,000
pounds of fresh substance, superphos-
phate of lime, which contains all these,
is the best fertilizer, and has a far bet-
ter result than yai'd manure, which
tends to lu.xuriant growth and stalk
and foliage rather than to grain, and
delays the ripening of the seed.

Thin sowing — not more than a peck
of seed to the acre — tends to the
growth of side branches which bear a
profusion of bloom, and largely in-
creases the yield. Thick sowing, on
the other hand, forces a tall single
stem with less bloom and seed. A
well-grown crop affords a beautiful
sight when the field is covered with a
level table of bloom, and the pleasant
hum of bees which gather from all
quarters, with the pleasant perfume,
are additional pleasures which accom-
pany it. It is a popular belief that the
bees detract from the yield of the crop.
I have never found it so, but have been
confirmed in the belief that the bees
are really benelieial in securing the
most complete fertilization of the
blossoms with a corresponding increase
of grain, and while neighbors liave
gathered from my work a plentiful
yield of hone}-, this has never been
begrudged them from " dog-in-the-
manger " objections.

The harvesting of the crop requires
special care. Buckwheat cannot be
stored in a barn. The succulent na-
ture of the plant prohibits this, for it
tends to rapid fermentation and heat-
ing, and seriousl}- injures the quality
of the gi'ain by decomposing the starch
in it. The flour is heavy, and does
not rise when made from grain which
has been suffered to heat either while
in the straw or the granar}-. The crop
is cut at the time when the grain is
mostly ripe. Some of it will j-et be
green, and some bloom on the stalks
will remain as long as the plant stands.
Hence when frost may be expected,
the crop should be cut. Much of the
green seeds will ripen in the swath
and the gavel. A gavel is a small
.sheaf not tied up, and this is necessary
to the curing of the straw. A cradle,
or a reaper which drops in an even
swath, is used for the cutting. The
grain lies several days in this way if
the weather is tine, and is then raked
up in small bundles, which are set up

in a loose conical form, to admit air
through them.

When the grain is dry, it is threshed
at once ; if by machine, the spiked
concave is removed, and a smooth one
is used in place of it, to prevent break-
ing the grain. For the same reason,
the feeder should crowd the grain to
the full capacity of the machine. The
pedicels of the grain are very thin and
weak, and are easily broken in thresh-
ing, and especially in hauling to the
thresher. Hence blankets or sheets
should be spread on the rack to catch
the loosened grains.

When threshed, the grain must be
cleaned at once, and placed on an airy
floor to dry, in a thin layer. Shoveling
over to prevent heating is necessary.
The grain should be quite dry before
it is put in bins, and large bins are not
desirable. The gi-inding is best done
on a dry, windy day, when the very
absorbent grain will not gather mois-
ture ; and when the grain is to be sold,
it should be floured as early in the
season as possible. I have sold the
flour for $6 per 100 pounds when it
was first in the market, and ten days
aftervsfard the price had fallen to ^.
Taking time by the forelock is thus
desirable in disposing of the produce.

There are four kinds of this grain in
use — the Merino buckwheat or Indian
wheat, of Northern New England,
which is a prolific, early maturing, but
poor flouring kind ; the black and grey,
or silver-hull, and the now popular
and valuable Japanese variety, which
has a large grain, and makes excellent
flour, and is the most productive of all.
The silver-grey, I think, makes the
lightest flour, and the best for cakes,
and it is a good yielder.

Uoolillle on Qiieen-Rearlnj;.

Queens can be reared in the upper stories
of hives used for extracted honey, where a
queen-excluding honey -board is used, which
are as good, if not superior, to Queens
reared by any other process ; and that, too,
while the old Queen is doing duty below,
just the same as though Queens were not
being reared above. This is a fact, though
it is not generally known.

If you desire to know how this can he
done — how to have Queens fertilized in up-
per stories, while the old Queen is laying
below — how you may snfcly introduce any
Queen, at any time of the year when bees
cay fly — all about the different races of
bees — all about shipping Queens, queen-
cages, eandy for queen-cages, etc. — all
about forming nuclei, multiplying or unit-
ing bees, or weak colonies, etc. ; or, iu fact
everything about the queen-business which
you may want to know, send for"Doolit-
tle's Scientific Queen-Rearing;" a book of
170 pages, which is nicely bound in cloth,
and as interesting as a story. Price, $1.00.

itmm M'mMmivmn bee jouRNai,.

451

COIVVENTION DIRECTORY.

1 800. Time aiul place of mcetm(j.

July 17.— Carolina, at Charlotte, N. C.

N. P. Lyles, Sec, Derita N. C.

Aug. 19.— Northern Illinoia, at Harlem. Ills.

D. A. Fuller. Sec., Cherry Valley, Ills.

Aug. :29.— Haldiniand, at j^outh Cayui?a, Ont.

E. C. Campbell. Sec, Cayuga, Ont.

Sept 10.— Ionia County, at Ionia, Mich.

H. Smith. Sec, Ionia, Mich.

Oct. -'9-31.— Internatifjnal American, at Keokuk. la.
C. P. Dadant, Sec, Hamilton, Ills.

Oct.— Missouri State, at Mexico, Mo.

J. W. Rouse, Sec, Santa Fe, Mo.

' In order to have this table complete,

Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — Tue Editor.

International Bee-Association.

President— Hon. R. L. Taylor. Lapeer, Mich.
Secretah Y— C. P. Diidant Hamilton, Ills.

National Bee-Keepers' Union.

President— James Heddon ..Dowagiac, Mich,
SEC'y. AND Manager— T. G. Newman, Chicago.

Fraei-aKl. Avitli Ne^r Honey Odor.

After having the poorest season I have
seen, my bees came through the last winter
without the loss of a single colony. I had
to feed some during May, on account of
so much wet, and very little fruit-bloom.
White clover, which is very abundant this
year, is now in full bloom. Most of the
honey is being stored in the brood-nest.
The air in the bee-yard is fragrant with the
odor of new honey. This, to me, is quite
refreshing. J. W. Carter.

Pleasant Dale, W. Va., June 23, 1890.

JUees I>yinsr in the Hive.

I have started in the bee-business with
15 colonies this spring, in box-hives, which
I transferred to frame hives, and all have
been doing well until to-day. I put on
supers sometime ago, and looked at them
to-day, and all are doing well but one col-
ony, which had commenced work in the
super, but it was almost half full of dead
bees. I removed the super and found the
hive in the same condition, two-thirds of
the bees were dead, and all the brood. The
bees looked as if they had been drowned,
being of a very dark color. I killed the rest
ot the colony for fear they would disease
the rest of the bees. Will some one tell
me what was the cause, or the disease they
had, and the remedy i Thomas Powell.

Macy, Ind., June 23, 1890.

Xoo Miicii Rain for the Bees.

This has been the worst spring for bees
in this part ot the country that I ever saw.
There was no honey in the blossoms, and
there seemed to be none in white clover
when it first bloomed, as bees did not store
any honey for two weeks after it first came
out, and were in a starving condition about
June 1, but since that time they have been
doing well, and swarming ; but the flow
does not seem to last. I think that big
rains have hurt it some. We are having
rain every daj' or two. Thos. Hoet.

Salineville. O., June 23, 1890.

Swarm Relm-iiiii"' to Old Hire.

I bought 7 colonics of bees last Avinter,
and put them into the cellar, and when X
took them out on April 10, they were all
strong except one, that was queenless, and
the others robbed it. I had my first swarm
on May 28. I have one pure Italian colony
that swarmed on June 7, and then as;ai'n
on Juno 8. Who can beat that ; They
were the largest swarms I ever saw.

What is the cause of a swarm goiug back
to the parent hive when it has a queen ? I
had one issue on June 10, I caught the
queen, and put her iuto the new hive, and
they all came out aud went into the parent
hive again. Mrs. S. F. Buukis.

Wichita, Iowa, June 11, 1890.

[Something about the new hive was
distasteful to them, and so they concluded
to go back to the hive they came from. It
it a good plan to give them a frame of un-
sealed brood, to induce them to stay in the
new hive, if they seem dissatisfied.— Ed.]

Favorable YVeatber tor Bees.

I cannot afford to do without the Ameri-
can Bee Journal, and no other bee-keeper
can, who wishes to keep posted and be up
with the age. Bees are slow about swarm-
ing. I have had only one swarm from 30
colonies — nearly all are strong, and are
storing honey in the sections. We are hav-
ing very favorable bee and honey weather
(except wind, which has blown more than
usual this season). A. M. Vannot.

Hedrick, Iowa, June 23, 1890.

Bees are Working' Hard.

Bees are just booming around here —
some are filling their second case of sec-
tions like the first, with white clover honey.
They do not take time to swarm, but keep
working away — that is, mine do not, while
other bees are swarming much, and lots of
them are escaping to the woods.

Ed. E. Smith.

Carpenter, Ills., June 24, 1890.

Bassvvood Blossoms.

Bees are doing very well ; the basswoods
are loaded with blossoms, and may do great
things in the honey-flow. I am ready for
it. R. P. Holtermann.

Romney, Ont., Juue 25, 1890.

Cause of'LiOss in AVinter.

I have hitherto hesitated in sending my
report, on account of my great misfortune
in losing about all my bees last winter —
133 colonies out of 142 — thinking at the
time that it was a misfortune due to my
personal neglect, because the forepart of
the winter proved so mild that I did not
store my bees in their winter repository
until quite late. I did Intend to take care
of them in December, but waited for a
more favorable opportunity, and dry mild
weather, for we had, in January, rain and
sleet, with some freezing; at one time 1J,<
inches of ice covered over the hives and
ground.

I was careful after finding the bottom-
boards frozen solid on the ground, to pry
only the hives loose from the bottom-
boards, and place then on another bottom
for ti-ansportation to the bee-house. This
jarring aud coat of ice melting in the bee-
house after carrying them in, I concluded,
gave my bees the death-blow ; 18 colonies
I left nut altogether, and of these only one
lived through. I afterward heard reports

all around through this section of country
— -^ of all the bees wintei'-killed. some ex-
perienced bee-men lo.sing all they had, and
in some localities they wintered well. It
is generally understood and believed that
the cause of so great loss in bees dying last
winter, was due to late honey-dew, which
proved a poison to the bees, for the symp-
toms were everywhere alike — diarrhea.

In early spring, after putting them out,
they would swarm out, with the hive full
of honey, and unite in large masses and go
off, and those remaining would make no
headway in breeding. The blacks suffered
the most from the disease, and, strange to
say, the bees would kill off their queens
and start queen-cells as if they blamed the
queens for their misfortune. I watched
many colonies do the same, and the weather
being so cold in May, the queen-cells would
not hatch, and in spite of my efforts to
j heat bricks and place them over the brood-
I nest, they would dwindle away. In this
' section of country, about ten miles square,
last fall we could easily count 600 colonies
of bees, and this spring, after spring dwind-
ling was over, we could not count 100
colonies.

I presume that many bee-keepers have
learned a lesson in neglecting to prepare
their bees early for winter, with plenty of
wholesome stores and warm packing. My
loss in bees, and broken bones, will put a
check to my bee-keeping in the future.

Stephen Roese.
Maiden Rock, Wis., June 24, 1890.

Bees Booming on the Clovers.

Bees are now booming on Alsike and
white clover ; two-thirds of the bees around
here perished for want of food during the
last half of May. We saved all of ours, and
now they are paying for the trouble and
expense. H. H. Flick.

LavansvHle, Pa., June 21, 1890.

<]!etting Considerable Honey.

We have had fine rains, and bees are
getting considerable honey, and making
preparations to swarm. We may have a
good season yet. W. J. Cvllinan.

Qulncy, lUs., June 18, 1890.

Ciardening tor Vl'omen.

Bee-culture, poultry-raising, sUk-worm,
culture, etc., are often brought to our
notice as possible and profitable employ-
ments for those residing in the country,
who are desirous of adding to their
finances. Market gardening aud floricul-
ture have been taken up by some enter-
prising ladies on a large scale, and made
to yield good incomes, providing work for
many people, but to the farmer's wife, the
residents of small villages, and young girls
everywhere (save In the thickly settled
parts of the cities), nothing offers more
certain returns for the amountof labor and
money invested, than in raising small fruits
and early vegetables.

Fresh, green lettuce, bright, crisp rad
dishes, cucumbers for the table and pick-
ling, squashes, tomatoes, and melons,
require but little care after once the
ground is prepared. Asparagus seed costs
but 10 cents a package, and the two-year-
old roots from 75 cents to SI. 50 per 100.
It takes patience, of course, to wait for the
three years' growth necessary after plant-
ing the seeds before the shoots can be cut.
Then you may cut from the bed for years.
A medium-sized bed has been known to
yield .$50 worth of shoots in a single season
at very moderate prices.

Strawberry culture always brings good
returns, and though the labor of setting

45 '2

T^HU mmmmiGMm mmm j©WMifMi*.

weeding, cutting runners, etc., is hard, it
is not more laboiious than many another
thing, generally known as " woman's
work."

Raspberries, blackberries and grapes re-
quire more outlay of money in the begin-
ning, but do not take a large space, and
require but little care. Some with whom I
have talked regarding this matter, claim
that they hesitate to try it, lest they may
not find a market for their productions. Of
this be assured — a f/oorj article never lacks
a market, while inciitferentones are always
a drug. If you cannot do any better with
it at first, let some of it pay for the
washing, sewing, .dress-making kinder
garteu teaching— anything that you may
dislike to do, but wish to obtain for your-
self and family.

Your goods thus introduced, if really
worthy, will soon have a good cash value.
Try it, some of you sisters, and when you
have made it a success, give the benefit of
your experience to some of the doubting
ones. Inez Reddinl;.

Xlie Hot Wave.

Clover has been in bloom for some time,
but the bees are getting but very little
more honey than they use. The weather
is warm — yes, hot, with warm nights and
heavy dew, and occasional showers. I have
had but 3 swarms, 2 of them yesterday.

The mercury was 93 degrees " in the
shade " yesterday, and I sweat so as to wet
three shirts so as to have to change ; not
by working among the bees — oh, no ! It
came by worrying over the answers given
to people in reply to Census questions asked
by your humble servant. As nearly all in
this locality know me, I am not surprised,
but rather worried at some of the answers.
Here is a sample : I asked a lady her age,
and her reply was, "What do you ask for
a set of teeth ?" And when I asked her it
she could read and write, she wanted to
know if I had any honey to sell '. and
another lady ordered me out of the house
because I wanted to know whethere she
was a male or a female ! And so it goes ;
and I believe that I am getting poorer in
flesh and purse every day, and I would not
be surprised if I do not weigh over 325
pounds. I presume I have your most cor
dial sympathy. A. B. M.vsON.

Auburndale, O., June 24, 1890.

Season in Sonlli California.

We have had four days of hot east wind
from the Desert, which has cut off the sea-
son abruptly, which, combined with the
cold, backward spring, and not any late
rains, makes another poor season for this
section, and the greater part of this and
adjoining counties. These southern coun-
ties of California take the lead in the
amount and quality of honey.

M. H. Men'dlesox.

Ventura, Calif., June 10, 1890.

IVintered Pertectly.

My 105 colonies of bees have wintered
perfectly, as usual. I cannot see any ad-
vantage in the cellaring of bees, w-heu they
can be wintered without loss on the sum-
mer stands packed in chaff. This time,
however, I used buckwheat hulls, which is
perhaps warmer than chaff. I placed each
colony on the scales before packing for
winter, and made sure that each had at
least 30 pounds of good honey for stores.

On June 1,1 found 75 colonies on the
verge of starvation — owing to immense
quantities of brood having been reared, and
the season turning wet and cold during
fruit-bloom. I immediately fed 200 pounds

of sugar syrup,* by filling the frames with
the same and placing them in the brood-
nest. This is the second time during my
bee-keeping experience that I have been
compelled to feed in June.

Bees are now doing well, nearly all of
mine being in the supers, and honey is com-
ing in fast when the sun shines, which is no
more than half of the time. The season is
very late — no swarming yet — and I do not
expect a very good yield this season.

The Amekioax Bee Jourxal is finding its
way into a great many bee-keepers' hands
iu this vicinity, and is "highly praised where-
ever it goes. H. J. Ro(iERS.

Stannard's Corners, N.Y., June 23,1890.

An Averaare Crop Expected.

I commenced the season of 1889 with 7
colonies in good condition, increased them
to 28, and took 1,240 pounds of honey,
mostly in 1-pound sections. I had some ex-
perience in transferi'ing, uniting and divid-
ing, and thanks to the American Bee Jour-
nal and other helps, I was successful in
each. I lost one colony in wintering, or in
March it starved — it could not live on
pollen. The 37 I took out of the cellar on
April 5, and they are booming, one colony
working iu the third story, and some others
about ready for the third. Swarming is the
order of the day. and I have my hands full.
I never saw white clover so abundant, and
linden promises wonders. The weather has
been against us all through May and part
of June, but with good weather we will
have an average honey crop.

Jos. L. Flint.

Marion, Iowa, June 25, 1890.

Uolns- Finely— Prospects <iiood.

Bees are doing finely, and the prospects
for a good honey crop is splendid at pres-
ent. Most of my colonies have cast one
large swarm each ; swarms that issue after
this date, will be returned, to keep the hive
well populated. Sections have been given
to the stronger colonies. A few of the hives
have cases that are nearly filled with honey,
which is unusual for this localitj- — our main
crop is gathered in the fall.

G. M. Whitford.

Arlington, Nebr., June 23, 1890.

Storins- Honey— IVet Weather.

My bees are in good condition. The sec-
tion-cases have been on for ten days, and
they have stored 14 pounds per colony in
that time. In ten more days the sections
will do to come off. I had 8 new swarms,
and they are working in the sections. The
white clover is blooming here, but the wet
weather is putting the bees behind.

Jacoii Shaffer.

South Park, Ky., June 21, 1890.

Ciatliering Honey- Sn'arniins:.

I had 90 to 100 hives full of bees between
June 4 and 13, and fed them 300 pounds
of honey. I have not had a new swarm as
yet this season. Since June 32 they have
seemed to gather quite a little honey. I put
on 68 cases yesterday for the first, and
honey is coming to day free enough, so
that they would not pay anj- attention to
honey put out in the yard. I examined the
hives on June 23 and 24, to clip the r|ueeus,
wings, but I did not find any queen-cells
started, so I do not look for swarms for
several days. O. R Cthodno.

Carson City, Mich., June 37, 1809.

ff:^" T,ie next nicetiriK of the Carolina Bee-Keep-
ers* Ass(iciation will be held in Charlotte. N. C, on
Tliursday. July 17, I89o. N. P. Lyles. Sec.

AL,FREI> H. NEWmA]^,

BUSINESS MANAGER.

:zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzszszx]

lushtcss 3lotices.

Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should notify us at once.

ITW" Money in Potatoes, by Mr. Joseph
Greiner. Price, 25 cents, postpaid. For sale
at this office.

t^" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price 11.00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

Jt^~ Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.

H^" Send us two licit' subscriptions, with
$2.00, and we will present you with a
" Globe " Bee-Veil for your trouble. (See
the fuller notice in the advertising col-
umns.)

JI^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

ifW Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

I^W Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jour-
nal at$1.85 for the two; or with both our
Home Journal and Bee Journal for $2.50
for all three papers.

1^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write A^merican Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

{t^" Systematic work in the Apiary wiU
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For 50 colonies (120 pag-es) $100

" 100 colonies r2'20 pages) 1 25

■' 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

p^ When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this wi irk we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book,
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

l^" A "Binder" made especially for
the American Bee Jhurnal, and lettered
in gold, makes a very convenient way of
preserving the copies of the Bee Joukn.al
as fast as they are received. We offer it,
postpaid, for 60 cents : or as a premium for
two new subscriptions, with $3.00. It can-
not be mailed to Canada.

ntM'm mimMMicKu mmm jouRNKiLr.

453

Mid-Sumnier— 1890.

FOB SALE BY

THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,

'2Aii Kaiiit :Ma<li!<>o» SI.. <;iiicaso. 111.

Onr Annual Cata1og:ne and Price-Ijist Is herein presented to
our patrons, and we would especially invite a careful perusal of it
before ordering supplies for tlie apiary. As this Catalofrue containi
illustrations and deseriptious of many of the articles enumerated, ap
well as prices, purchasoi-s can easily select such as they desire, a'^d
compute the entire cost of the goods ordered. Please remember th tt
goods offered at low pn'cfs are often dear, because they are generally
proportionately inferior.— " Excellence is Cheapness."

Your rnll address, plainly written, is very essential in order to
avoid mistalses and delays.

Hoiv CSoods are to be sent, should be distinctly stated. Any.
thing to be shipped by freight should be ordered from 10 to 30 days
before needed for use, according to the distance from Chicago. Express
charges are high on long distances, and heavy goods should not be sent
by Express, unless particularly needed for use at once.

We Pay Postage on all articles quoted by mail. All others are to
be sent by express or freight, at the purchasers' expense.

noods will be sent C.O.D. only when sufficient money is received
with the order to pay charges both ways, in case they are not taken
from the express office by the person ordering them.

Remit by Express Money Order, Registered Letter, or Bank Draft
on Chicago or New York, payable to Tlios. G. Newman & Son. ChecliK
on local Banks cost us 25 cents for collection, and if you send such,
add that amount, or we shall deduct it from your order.

If Goods are daniased or not such as were ordered, do not return
tlicm, but write to us, and we will direct how to dispose of them.
* i!redit.— We sell on small margins, and cannot afford to take the risk
of selling on Credit. If we did a credit business, we should be obliged
to add from 10 to 20 per cent, to our present prices, to make up for
those who never pay, and for clerk-hire to keep books, etc.— this we
know our cash customers would notthinkto their advantage. In order
not to do injustice to anyone, wo make this an Invariable rule—
therefore do not ash us for credit. This system gives all the advantage to
" cash customers," but the " credit system " works to their injury. We
Hiercfni-e always rerjuire C(U(h with the Order.

STANDARD LANGHlilOTlI BEE HIVE.

(14x18?^ inches inside.)

SAMl'LE lllYES— Nailed, not painted.

No. 1.— Brood chamber with portico, 10 frames, 7J^ inch cap,

but no surplus arrangement 81 25

No. 3.— Same as No. 1, with tlie Comb Honey Rack complete. . 2 00

No. 3. — Same as No. 2, with an additional story containing 10
extra frames for extraetin<;, intercliansable with those in
the brood chamber — a complete 3 story hive 3 .50

No. 4.— Brood chamber witii portico, 10 frames, and a 7 inch
story, with 7 cases containing 21 Prize Boxes, and tin
separators, for surplus lioney, with a 3 inch cap 2 25

No. 5.— Same as No. 4, with an additional story containing 10

extra frames for extracting, a complete 3 story hive 2 .50

No. 6.— A complete 3 story hive containing 30 interchangeable

frames, with a close-fitting— 2 inch— cap 1 75

No. 7.— Same as No. 6, with the second story containing seven
cases holding eight one-pound sections each {56 in all),
and two tin separators attached to each case, complete.. 3 85

No. 8.— A 3 story hive containing 20 interchangeable frames

and seven cases, as described in No. 7 335

Su. 9.— Brood-chamber with portico, 10 frames, and Heddoii's

surplus arrangement, containing 33 one-pound sections. . 3 00

All Langstroth hives have metal rabbets for the frames to rest on.

lateriiil lor Langstroth Hives,

ill the Fhit,

Ready t(i Jail.

Numhers

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

.5 or more.

80c Ifl.lO

Ifl.-tO

11.40

$1.70

$1.10

$1.50

$1.80

$1.10

7 So

1.08

1.38

1.3H

1.68

1.08 J

1.48

1.78

1.08

2.5 or more.

75c

1.05

1.35

1.35

1.05

1.05

1.45

1.75

1.05

.50 or more.

7.-ie

1.03

1.33

1.33

1.03

1.03 1

1.43

1.73

1.03

00 or more,

700

1.00

1.30

1.30

1.60

1.00,

1.40

1.70

1.00

{S~ The top and bottom-boards, on all the Hives, are in one piece.

t_%~ Wo make Hives Nos. 4 and 5 to contain 28 one-pound Sections, at
I he same prices, when so ordered.

THE HEDDON SURPLUS-CASE,

As Vacd on Our I^augstrotli Hive, No. 9.

is designed for obtaining honey in the cunb, without the use of
separators. The sections for this arrangement are 1% inches wide,
ami will hold just the same (luantity of honey as the 3-inch sections
when separators are used. In the absence of separators, of course
the sections should be Hlled with comb foundation, in order to secure
straiglit eombs,and such as may be packed m the crates for marketing
without interfering with one another.

As these "stories" are arranged with a ?4'-inch space over the
I sections, they may be " tiered up " when desired.

I For those wlio wish to " tier up," or to get extra " stories " of he
I above, we will furnish the material, ready tit nail, of either kind,
Iwiih the full number ot sections, at 45 cents each; c: the same
I nailed, all.ready to go on the hive, at 65 cents each.

I 1^" Also with T-Tins, at the same prices, when so ordered. _^1

SIIPPI^IKS F«»R Iti;i;-Bii;FPKISS— For Sale by Xli<rina!« O. IVewHian * Hon, CliicasT^, Ills.

454

'rmm mimmMi^Mm, mmm jmrnmrnmL!.

MATERIAL FOR LANGSTROTH FRAMES.

Ready to nail— 9J^xl7% outside.

100 frames.

1,000 frames....

Bored for wiring,
liaving flat top
bars, per 100. .

Bored for wiring,
having flat top-
bars, per 1,000.. Sir, 00

WIDE FRAMES FOR TWO-POUND SECTIONS.

.11 site rial for wide
trame,tohoId3 3-lb.
sections, ou Lang-
stroth hive, per 100, $':

Tin Separators to fit
these wide frames,
per 100

2 .50

WIDE FRAMES FOR ONE-POUND SECTIONS.

material for wide frames, to hold 8 oue-poiiud sections, on

Langstroth hive, (same size as the brood frames,) per 100. .$1 .50

Tin Separators to fit these wide frames, per 100 3 00

Sample frame, with boxes and separators, 35

The same, sent by mail, postpaid 7.5

Comb Honey Rack.

The engraving shows the
i;>>^ Comb Honey Rack as nsed on

the Langstroth liives Nos. 2
^■-,.„^-.,---^i|j||™i and .3. It contains eighteen 2-
—'=^~ "^ lb. sections, with the outside
i ones (C) glassed; .5 tin separa-
tors (B), and the wedge (A) t(j
' tighten or loosen the .sectious
tor manipulation.

We also make these Racks
to fit any hive.

In ordering a special size, give only the width of your hive inside,
and the length of the top-bar of j;our frames.

Sample Rack, by express, nailed, without sections $ 2.5

Sample Rack, nailed, with sections, separators and

glass, complete, by express, crated 75

Material for Rack, without sections, by mail 75

" 12 Racks, ready to nail 1 25

" 2.5 " " " 2 .50

" .50 " " " 4 .50

Tin Separators for this Rack, per 100 2 .50

iW Sections 5}<x634 can be used in both of these surplus stories.

Surplus Story for Couib Honey.

We also make this story for Nos. 4

The engraving .shows
the 7-inch story as used
on the Lang.stroth hives
Nos. 4 and 5 (with one
Wide Frame raised up),
showing the 3 3-poui:d
sections, with a tin sep-
arator fastened to the
back of the wide frame.

The upper stories of
Nos. 7 and 8 are the
same style as shown
here; the wide frames
holdings 1-lb. sections,
instead of 3 of the 3-lbs.
and 5— each wide frame

SHIPPING CRATES FOR COMB HONEY.

Sample Crate, nailed, containing
12 sections, without glass, by
express % 40

Material, ready to nail, .50 Crates. 3 75
" " " 100 Crates. 6 .50
Glass for these Crates, per 100
lights 1 00

Tl;i Urate shown above holds twelve one-pound Sections,

Willi glass on the end instead of the side, taking smaller glass, and
less work on the wood parts. The inside measure is just 12 inches
:(ing; carrying 2 rows of sections of either width, 6 to the foot or
7 lo the foot. Those using both widths of sections will not require
two kinds of crates.

Tlie above Crate holds twenty-four one-pound Sections

2 inches wide; (or, sections IJf inches wide, if so ordered.) The
siile cleats are grooved for glass ; and the gross weight will not
exceed 28 pounds. As the markets now demand small packages,
this size of crate gives excellent satisfaction.

Sample Crate, nailed, containing 24 sections, without

glass, by express 8 60

Material, ready to nail, 50 Crates 6 00

" 100 Crates 1150

" " " 1 Crate and 1 Section,by express 1.5

" " " " " bymail,posfpaid 70

Glass for these Crates, per 100 lights 2 00

The above Crate will hold t>velve two-pound Sections of

honey. Either the Crate or the Sections may be glassed. The
gro.ss weight of this Crate, when filled with honey, is about 25
pounds ; making it a neat and convenient package for handling
and shipping.

Sample Crate,containing 12 two-pound Sections,nalled,

without glass, by express $ .50

Material,ready to nail,.50 Crates 4 75

" 100 Crates 9 00

" " " 1 Crate and 1 Prize Box, by express 15

The same, sent by mall, postpaid 65

Glass for these Crates, per 100 lights 3 00

sm" All these Crates can be furnished, when so ordered, with a
solid piece of wood for one side, instead of slats grooved for glass,
without extra charge.

holding one row of four 1-lb. sections— at the same price.

Wiring Tool,

Pressing Foundation

INTO

WIRED FRAMES.

SOMETHINt;
VERY USEFUL.

Price, by mail, 20o.

^Mj By express, 15c.

SUPPi'll'^S F<»K ItF.E-KKKPERS— For Sale by Xltonias <ji. Newman & Son, Ciiicaso, Ills.

TMW mmLMMivmm m-mw j&viRnnju.

455

mumi mmU~ki- lloiicy m the Comb.

E

We keep coustantly in stock the two regular sizes, 4}4x434', and
5 J.4X634, a trifle less than 2 inches wide, with both narrow and wide
tops; these will respectively hold about one and two pounds of
honey each. We also have them seven to the foot, with narrow
tops. The following are our latest prices :

4Vix4M.

In (iuautitips of 1,000 $3 .W

.WO 2 00

" '■ 2.50 1 25

" " 100 60

5Mx6VC.

$i .50

2 50

1 .50

TO

aa- Orders for 3,000, or more, iH^Hi, at $3.00 per thousand. ,

DOVETAILED SECTIONS.

These are made in tour pieces, 5J<x6i^, witli wide or
narrow tops ; all a shade less than 2 inches in width.
The prices are the same as the one-piece sections.

We fill all orders of tlie above size, and csirry 110
ollier»> in s^lock.

0<1«1 Sizes ot Sectioiiii. 5x6 inches, or less, will be made to
order in quantities not less than .500, at $3 for 500, or 95 for 1,000, and
can be furnished in about a week after we receive the order.

Perforated-Zinc for Excludiug Droues and (Jueens.

We carry in stock two sizes, ^iz : 19%xl43^ inches, for Lansslroth
Hives— price, 30 cts. each ; also in sheets 3x8 feet— 34 sq. ft.— price,
■Sa.OO per sheet. We can cut pieces to order at lOcts. per square foot.
Strips, with one row of holes, %\19, 90 cents per liuudred. When
ordered by mail, add 10 ceutsjper square foot, tor postage.

The Mnth Honey-Knife.

By express,

By mail, postpaid, .

50c
65c

SECTION PRESS.

The Wakeman & Crocke*
PRESS, to be used for nu
tinK tojiether One-Piece Sex
tions-iit wholesale or retao

Price, WS.OO each, bye,
press. By the dozen -
given upon application

Atomizer for Spraying Bees.

This Atoraizei can be used to advantage

for changing the scent of bees when intro-

\ diicing queens, uniting colonies, making

nuclei, dividing colonies, etc. Price, 75 cts.

Mailed in a neat box, at letter postage,

for 16 cents extra.

LONG RUBBER GLOTES.

Long Rubber Gloves, per pair, by mail $1 .50

To ascertain the size 'of glove desired, lay the open hand, palm
down, on a sheet of paper, and mark the outline of the hand and
hugers with a pencil.

WOOR-ZINC SLATTED HONEY-BOARD.

This honey-board is made of alternated
strips of wood (I'g inches wide), and per-
forated zinc (j'.j of an inch wide), with one
row of holes. The zinc strips are held in
))lace by fitting into saw kerfs on the sides
of the strips of wood. Price, nailed, 30
cents each ; flat, 20 cents. In ordering, please give the exact out-
side dimensions desired. When no size is given, we will furnish
them to fit the standard Langstroth hive.

Comb Fonndation I'or Brood-Fraincs.

All our foundation is made by Dadant &Son, who have justly
earned the reputation of making the best foundation in the world.

We keep four sizes on hand, viz : 4«,,'xI7, 12x18, 8x16)^, and 10x11,
and can fill orders in any quantity, prompty. Orders for special
sizes filled within a week of the receipt of the order, without extra
charge, and it will be shipped direct from the factory.

One pound, by mail, postpaid, small sheets 73c

1 to 10 lbs., per lb., by express -ISc

llto25 " " " 47c

26 to -50 " " " . ...■ 46c

51 to 100 " " " 45c

Prices Subject to Change, Witliout Notice.

Thin Foundation for Surplus Honey.

We keep three styles of thin foundation for comb honey in sections.
Tlie figures in the first column giving the prices of the thin— 9 to lU
square feet to the pound. Those in the last column being the prices
ol the EXTRA Tiiusr, and also of the Van Deusen (with flat bottom)—
11 to 13 square leet to the pound :

THIN. EXTRA THIN.

1 to 10 lbs., per lb., by express 58c 6Sc

11 to 25 " " " 57c 67c

36 to .50 " " " -560 66c

51 to 100 " " " .• 55c 65c

Wired Comb Foundation.

This prevents sagging, making all combs strong and durable. It
has flat-bottomed cells, exceedingly thin and even, the wire being
incorporated into it. It is for use only in the brood-chamber. Size,
8xl6K and 10x11 inches.

Ito 35 lbs., per lb 68c

35 to 100 " " 66c

Samples of all kinds, by mail lOc

PAKKEK'S

Foundation^Fastener

Price, 25 cents, by ex-
press, or 40 cents, post-
paid. Suitable for 1 lb.
sections.

The fastener should bo
screwed to a table. Tha
. I lustration will shovvthj
juwition of the seetion
imd foundation, and tha
method of operating.

Comb Foundation Mills.

Vandervort.

6 inch Rolls *15 00....

10 " 20 00

12 " ; " . ; 25 00

14 "

Carlin Foundation Cutter.

Small size, with tin wheel, 10c

Large size, with steel wheel,.. 7.5c
When wanted by mail, add 3c.
to the former and 5c to the latter
price.

Bee Yeils.

The accompanying illustration
gives a good view of these veils
as they are worn,— making it a
complete face protection. Price,
by mail,30 cents.

Carliu Cutter.

Bee Veil.

supplies; FORlllKK-KEEPERlii— For Sale by TIiomaH G. We>rman & Son, Chicago, Ills.

456

T-mm mwmmmiGmn mmM jo-^kkmi*.

AOA^ *i *■*-*-

straight Tin Pails for Honey.

These pails have a full
cover, and are excellent
for selling honey in tne
liome market, and alter
the honey is candied, it
canbeshipped anywhere.
All sizes have a bail or
handle, and wlien empty
will be found useful in

^___^ every household.

Assorted samples of the three sizes put inside of o"^ another as a
aest, price 40 cents by express. The toUowmg are tlie piaes m

quantities: . per dozen. Perioo.

Gallon', holding 10 lbs. of honey *1 ??V " -^^n m

Half Gallon, " 5 " " Jon'" 7 ni

Quart, " 3X" " 1 20.... 7 00

Tapering Tin Pails for Honey.

to ID B S . -»'+io~

„ (n

^ ^ i o

Hastings' Perfection Bee-Feeder.

Tins Feeder will hold one quart, and the letting
.k.wn of the feed is regulated by a thumb-screw.
Tne c"p. screws on securely. It is easy to regulate,
-either a quart or a spoonful-and that amount
-au be given in an hour or a day, as desired, ay',
it (lie food can be .given where it is most needed-
just over the cluster. Not a drop need be lost,
nnd no robber bees can gnt at it. Price, 40 cts.,
or a dozen for SS.SO. Postage, 10 cents e.\tra.

It will be noticed that these pails aretapLrui,' mslnjie '^IJ the
sizes have a bail, and on the a5-lb. pail a wooden liiniUe is idde< .
These tapering pails are made h.eavier and stronger than those with
the straight sides, the covers are deeper, and the top edge of the pail
is doubled over, making it smooth and convenient to handle.

Assorted samples of the five sizes, nested, 75 cents, by express, o«
the four smaller sizes, 50 cents. Prices in quantities as follows :

Per dozen
Per 100..

To hold

1 lb. 4 lbs.

$ .75.... 81.25.

5.00.... S.OO.

7 lbs.

.81.150..
,.10.00

13 lbs. 25 lbs.
.82.00..... 153.3.5
..14.50..,. 23.00

Feeder for Top of Hive.

It has two side entrances for the bees, and the cover of the hive is
the cover t(. be used on the feeder. It is the full size of the hive,
ami's filled wMth the us.uU. pavtitiquso.i which ."-'.•^<3V^'j'„^t,";:\^e1 '
I h imo a laviTP pnnacitv Price. — Nailed, nO cents , nat, .w cenis e.ii,ii.
" ^ Whe*f..m'size is given, we will send them to fit the standard

10 frame I.angstroth hive,

SIiucl;'o Bee-Feeder.

WOODEIV PAIIvS FOR HOXEY.

Wooden water-pails, well painted outside, with 3 irmi lidops and
a tight-fitting wooden cover, at *a.00 per dozen. They hold aS lbs.
of honey, and, when omjJty, they can be used as an ordinary pail.

KiiniBar I'ailx to the above, with 2 hoops, well p.ainted, to hold
ao lbs. of honey, at the sam*' prio*', with a cover that is driven
into a croze, making as tight a joint as a head of a keg. These
Pails, filled vpith honey, can be as safely shipped as kegs or barrels.

Red Labels for Pails.

Three sizes, ranging in size for pails to liold from one to ten
pounds of honey. Price, ?l. 00 for a hundred, with the name and
address of the bee-keeiier printed on them. Smaller (luautities at
one cent each ; but we cannot print the name and address on less
than one hundred. Larger quantities according to size, as follows :

Size A. Size B. Size C.

2.50 Labels SI -W §2 OU $2 25

.500 Labels 2 00 3 00 8.50

1,000 Labels 3 00 4 00 5 00

Samples of each of the Labels will be sent free, upon application.

YUCCA BRUSH.

For hrnshina lii'cs from
the combs. Price, 5 cents
each, or 50 cents per dozen.
^ Postage, lo. each, extra.

A Shuck Feeder may bt
iilaccd at the entrance o.
tiiC hive, any time of the
(l;iy, without danger froii;
iiil'iljers; it feeds much o:'
little as may be desired -
the feed can be read led b y
the bees only Irom the
inside of the hive. Price,

by mail, 30 cents. By express, 25 cents each, or 553.40 per dozen

WIRE NAILS.

We carry a full line of wire nails, and can fill ordera for an,
luantity promptly. For nailing Sections, Cases, Irames, Kacks,
'Jrates, etc., they are very essential.

The entire length of the nail being the same thickniess, they do not
loosen like ordinary iron nails, and are not as liable to bentt or
>reak. They can be easily driven through two pieces of .m.

From the assortment of lengths given in the table below, any kuid
d nailing may be done, even to making large boxe.s.

SizenfWire. NumDor in -me Ih. ' Price.

Length of Nails,

SEEDS for HOlS'EY PI.A1TTS.

White Clover— per lb., 3Uc— per peck, $2.75— per bu.(BO lbs.). .810 00

Alsike Clover— per lb., 25 -—per peek, $2.25— per bushel S 00

Melilot or Sweet Clover— per lb., 30c— per peck, ,151.75— per bu. 6 00

Bokhara Clover— Imported— per pound 50

Spiiler Plant per oz., 20c.... per lb. 3 00

Motherwort " lOc... " 100

Cleome, Kocky Mountain Bee-Plant " 15c — " 125

We keep no seeds in stock except those enumerated above.
IF TO BE SENT BY MAIL, add 10 cents per pound for postage.

i inch long, wire No. 20, 10,000

IK

IM

19,

18,.

18,

17,,

17,.

16,.

10,.

1.5,.

5,.>30

3,300

3,750

1,780

1,.5.55

910

700

435

per lb a5c

" 30c

" 16c

' 1.5c

. " 13c

. " 13c

. " 10c

. " 10c

. " s)c

If wanted by mail, add 18 cents per pound for postage.
8S- We can furnish larger nails, in 5-pound packages only-up to
I inches in length— when desired.

Enameled Cloth,

For covering frames. Price per yard (4.5 inches wide), 30 cents ; a
whole piece of 12 yards for 82.25. If ordered by mail, send 15 cents
per yard, extra, for postage.

SUPPLIES FOR BEE-KEEPERS— For Sale by Thomas G. Kcwuiaii & Son, Chicago,

Ills.

■TMB) M^TmBiMlcmn BEU JOURNTtlLr.

45'

SQUARE HONEY-CANS

The above illustrations show the 60-pound SQUARE HONEY-
CANS which are becoming quite pofjular for shipping extracted
honey. They are enclosed in a solid case of wood, and the boxes
contain either 1 or 2 Cans, as may be preferred. We can furnish
them at the following prices, with a l^^iuch Screw-Cap in the
corner of each Can. For the convenience of digging out candied
honey, we can furnish these Cans with an additional -i-iuch Screw
Cap, for 5 cents extra on each Can.

1 Single Can. .boxed..? .45

13 Single Cans. boxed.. 5.00

100 Single Cans. boxed.. 40,00

1 box of 2 Cans $ .75

12 boxes of 2 Cans .... 8.40
100 boxes of 2 Cans 65.00

We respectfully refer all who are looking for the
best Honey-Extractdr.to any one usin^ an Excelsior.
I'lie Kx(;elsior honey-extractor can only be equaled
by close im4tJ\tion, and never excelled. It is marie
entirely of metal, and is conseouently very light,
strong and durable, with lujjsat the bottom for firmly
tittacbing it to the floor, if desired.

For 2 Americiin frames, 13x13 inches ^ 00

For :2 Langstroth " lOxlS " 8 00

For3 '• *' lOxlS '* 10 Oo

Fori " " 10x18 " 14 00

For 2 fraraesof anyBi£e,i3x20 " 12 oo

For3 " ^* 13x20 " 12 01)

Fori " " 13x20 *' 16 00

The $>*.oo and $10.no sizes are made to accommo-

rlate those who d6sire a cheap but practical machine.

The Cans are smaller, the Bides of the baskets are

stationary, and they have neither covers, strainers,

nor metal standards.

The Corah-Basket having vertical sides, insures the
extracting power alike for the top and bottom of tbe
frames. The sides of the ba.sket in the $l2.n(i, $14.ik)
and$i6.00ExtractorsbeingmovabIeaudintcrtrhaiit:e-
able, greatly facilitates theoperation of thurnn^ihly
cleaning. The basket can be taken from or r;M^I;i-<'ed
in the Can in a moment, there being no rusty nuts to
remove, or screws to take out.

At the bottom of the Can, and below tlie basket, is
a cone nr metal standard in the $l2.0u. $i4.<)n and
|i6,00E.xtractors. in the top of which revolves tlie
bottom pivot of the basket, thereby giving room for
60 to 100 lbs. of honey without touching the basket
or pivot below, tana of the other sizes are shallow.

The $12.00 size.

Excelsior Wax-Extractor.

We make two sizes, the smaller one having
about the capacity of the usual wax-extrac-
tors now in use.

The advantages of this extractor are :

1. It is more easily operated, there being
no necessity for removing the top to refill it
with water.

2. The wax melts more quickly, because it
isbroufiht into a more direct contact with
the steam.

3. It is more economical, because the steam
has access to the center, thereby extracting
all the wax from the refuse matter.

The filler for water acts also as an indica-
tor as to the amount of water in the boiler;
for when the steam escapes through the fil-
ler, more water will be required.

Keep a kettle of hot water ready to fill it
when required.

Price, small size, J4 oo

large " o 00

BINGHAM SMOKERS.

The MichlganBec-Keopera* Association, Imvinjr all
the Smokers before it, "pronounced Bingham's Pa-
tent Smoker the best."

J. P. Moore, Binghamton. New York, after usfne
ono miine time, said: " My Smoker trouhU.-s are al!
Ov-cr. and bee-keepers owe you a debt of gratitude."

Professor Cook, of Michig.in AgricuituralColleKe.
Bays : " It is the best in the market."

R. M. Argo, Lowell, Kentucky, says : "It is all that
any bee-keeper could desire."

Paul Ij. Viallon, Bayou Goula, La., writes. April 0,
1S7S . "Your Smokers iiro far superior to anyevir
Invented, and we bee-keepers owe you a vit© • I
thanks for your ingeniouainventinn. Manymav tr ,
to improve <in yours, but I am positive none will
make a better one."

This is the first and only bellows Smoker evermadp
which would burn stove-wood. It burns anythin
comhustible, and needs no care except to be refllle i
once in one ortwo hours. Works easy and will throw
a stream of smoke ten feet. Itwill notgooutnor
wear out. It will save time, stings, and money, and
perhaps a valuable horse.

Th« OrlKlDAl

BINGHAM

Bee Smoker

Patented, 1878

CEVGHAM & HETHERINGTON

HONEY KNIVES,

Patented May 20. 1879.

The most extt .■. ■ > .■. , i- rs use th :m exclusively.

The Knife is so constructed that only the thin beveled edge rests on the combs,
and the caps, after being cut off, slide up in large sheets and roll over on the knife,
liUe shavings from a sharp plane. As only the edge of the knife touches the
h ney, it does not wade and stick likfi other knives, but elides easily over curves,
p mes and hollows, leaving the uncapped honey free from caps, and the cells aa
cl ;an, perfect and smooth as if they had never been capped. They are two inches
Wide, tempered and finished like a razor, and will last for a life-time.

each. pcT dozen.

The Doctor Bingham Smoker 33^inch,$2 oa |14.Cmi

The Conqueror Bingham Smoker 3 " 1 7o i:j.(io

Large Bingham Smoker, wide shield 2J5 " 1 50 11j50

Extra Standard Binirhara Smoker, wide shield 2 " 1 25 9.50

Plain Standard Bingham Smoker, narrow shield.. 2 '* 1 (lO 8.00

Little "Wonder Bingham Smoker. n;irrow shield... 13^ " 05 5.00

Bingham &. Hetherington Honey Knife 2 " 1 00 10.00

Knives sent by mail, post-paid, at $1.15 each.

Drone and Queen Trap.

The en,i;i';ivini; shows Alley's Conihiiieil Drone and Queen Tra|i.
« ilh tlie peifciraleil-iiietal entraiice, the tin slide, the perfdrated
iii'-tal at the tui), tliroiigU whicli the workers, that enter tlie tra)),

pass out, and also the cone tlironjjh which the drones or queens pass
into ttie trap. The front of the trap, as will be noticed, is covered
uitli wire cloth.

In using the traii place the open side towards tlie entrance of the
live ; the tin slide which t'ormisthe top need not be opened except
\lien a queen is to be released, or drones are to be ivmoved. —
Arrange the entrance so that all the bees must pass through the
'.inc. Full directions accompany each trap.

Price .50 cents : by mail, 6.5 cents ; 13 in the flat, and one nailed,
IS in all, 83..50; 50 in the flat, S13.00.

T-TINS.

Any length, per foot, 1 cent,
■eut each.

For Laugstroth llives, 14 inches,

S.UPFLIES FOR BEE-KEEPERS— For Sale by Thomas Ci. Newman fit Sou, Chicago, Ills.

458

Tmm mwMMmi^mM mmw jQ'wmMmi^.

C255=FROM:

F L. ScHUELERS Apiary

wahranted strictly pure.

No. 5.

No. 6.

HONEY

gathejrf.d ritoM

WMITE CLOYEK.

FK03I THE

ITALIAN APIARY

—OF—

JOSEPH L WATSON,

JANESVILLE, WIS
^ ^I^

No. 11.

From the Apiary of

WM. H. JOHNSON,

OMAHA, NEB.

No. 1.

No. 2.

No. 16

SUPPLIES FOR BEE-K£EPERS— For Sale by Tliomasi G. Newman &, Son, Chicago, Ill§.

'TMW mvmmmicnn mmm jo-URifKiLr.

459

HONEY

From the Apiary of

JOHN H. Ball,

Palatine, N. Y.

All pure honey will crystalize.
especially if exposed to the cold.
Pnttiijg the jar in hot water will
bring the candied honey to its flmd
state without injury.

The corks should he loosened and
the water heated gradually, iu order
not to crack the jar.

No. 17.

No. 4.

Fill lOilf

From the Apiary of

JAMES W. HANSON.

Cmicago, IlLI..

No. 3.

TAKE NOTICE.-This honey will candv, or,
>^ become white and hard, as soon as it becomes cool, or<
w cold weather begins, and this candying is. in fact, the <
g best proof of its purity. To restore it to the liquid form. !
.■j^ set It in a warm oven or on the reservoir of the stove, ;
■» removing the stopper or cover so it will not ooze out. <
jg When It IS all melted, remove and cork or cover again. <
4^; If sealed up wliile quite hot, with a cork dipped in melted i
•f^ wax (or with the insuls of the cover waxed), it will usually 'i
^, not candy again. Some liquify it by placing the bottles j
^:in hot water. To prevent breaking the glass, let the J
,^ bottles rest on a thin strip of wood.

No. 9.

SUPPLIES FOR BEE-KEEPERS— For Sale by Tlioma!< G. ^cususui <St (sun, Chicago,

Ills.

460

Tp-H® mmmmi^mm mmm 30>wmnmi^.

PRICES OF GUMMED LABELS,

A;* Slioivn oil tlie two Preeediiij^ X'aj^TS,

As will be uoticed, each Label is numbered, the Dumbers on the
Labels coiTespouding with those in the following table of prices.
All the Labels shown on pages 134: and 1S5 will be printed on white
paper, either in black ink or in two colors, as desired. Orders must
be for 2.50, 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 3000 and so on.

We can furnish these Labels with any changes in reading matter
that may be desired; or we can make a complete change of
mattei' for other goods, such as Pickles, Maple Syrup, Horse-Radish,
etc., without extra charge.

The labels shown on tlie S preceding pages will be printed with
ynnv own name and address, on all where a name and address occurs,
and gummed rpa<ly for use. The following prices are arranged by
numbers correspondin.g with those underueatli each label :

In Black Ink.

No. of
LabeJ.
1

250

. SI 00

500 1000

. SI 50. . . . S2 CO
. . 70 . . 1 00

No, of
Label.

1

3

3

4

5

C

7

8

9

10

11

13

l:i .

250

. $1 35..

... 70..

... 70..

..1 75

500 1000

SI S5 . .?i2 .50

3

. . . 45 .

1 00 1 25

3

... 45

.. 70 ..1 00

• 1 00 1 2.')

4

...1 3.5..
...1 35..

...1 75 3 10

...1 75 3 35

...1 50 3 00

...150 2 00

... 35 40

..45 ..75

. ..2 10 2 60

5

...1 75..
...1 25..
...1 35..
35

..2 10 2 75

6

7

8

...ICC.
...1 00..
. . . 15

....1 85 2 .50

....1 85 3 50

. 40... 60

9 ..

. 35

45

75.. 1 00

10

U

... 4.5..
...1 35..

... 70 100

...1 75 2 35

1 35 1 75

... 70..
...1 50..

....1 00 1 25

....2 10 3 75

13

1 25

1 75 2 25

lb . . . .

... .50..
1 25

... 75 135

. .1 75 2 25

.. 75 .

1 35 1 75

14 ...

14

15

16. ...

17

18

19... .

...1 50..
1 25

...3 10 3 75

15

1 00 . .

..1 50 2 00

...1 2.5 1 75

..1 85.. . 2 .50

1() . . .

...1 25..
... 70..
.. 45.,
...135..

. ...1 75 2 25

17

18

19

... 45 .
... 25..
...1 00..

.,, 70 100

.. 4.5 75

.. 1 50 3 00

....1 00 1 25

. .. 75 1 00

...1 &> 2 50

In Two Colors.

KEGS FOU EXTRACTED HONEY.

These kegs are designed to answer the popular demand for honey
in small packages, and when compared with large barrels holding
from SCO to .500 lbs. each, they are fully as cheap, and often che.iper.
They need no wa.xing, but should be thoroughly scalded vviiii
boiling water before used. Do not soak them. Prices :

5 gallon kegs, holding a trifle over .50 lbs...-. 40c

10 " " " '■ " lOOIbs 60c

17 " " " " " 1751bs 80c

We make the follow-
ing discounts on large
orders— 10 per cent, on
25 or more, 123^ percent
'I ( II || ; I I |:'|',|'|,|ll| ||^^|i| |,J|^|.|,| on 50 or more, and 15

per cent, on 100 or more
I;eg.s.

Consitiering the cost and trouble of waxing, the loss of honey by
leakage, and the ease with which tlieso kegs can be handled and
shipped, with an actual saving in original cost, it is apjiarent to all
that they are tlie best. Often a five or ten gallon keg of honey can
be sold where a barrel might go begging tor a customer.

GLASS PAILS FOR HONEY.

These Pails are made of the best quality of
clear flint glass, with a hail and a metal top and
cover. When Hlled with honey, the appearance
is uiiequaled by anj- other style of package.
They can be used tor household purposes by
consumers, after the honey is removed, or they
may be returned to and re-filled by the apiarist.

Prices: To hold 1 lb. of honey, per doz. $1 60
3 lbs. '■ "■ 3 00

3 lbs. " " 3 .50

They are packed in barrels contauiing 12, 6 and
4 dozen of each size, respectively. Di.sciiU'.t 15
per cent, on orders for those exact fjuantities.

Whitman's Fountain Pump.

Price, by express or freight $S.OOJ

A complete illustrated catalogue and price list of these machines
will be mailed free, upon application. Machines on trial if desired.

Hivf-C'lamps for Loose Bottom-Boards.

VAN DEUSEN.

.Sample set, by mail, 1.5c

By express, per set, 10c

a^Pcr 100 Clamps (23 sets), $1.50.,,gJ

ACKERMAN.

Sample set, by mail, '20c
By express, per set, . 1.5c.

ACKERMAN.

Square Glass Honey-Jai-s.

One pounds, flint glass, per gross 85 00

-iwo " " " 6.50

Corlcs for same, per gi'oss : '|5

Tm-Foil Caps for same, per gross SO

Labels lor same, per gross (name and address blank). . 7.1
These Jars, at the above prices, will be shipped from Ciiiciniiati.O.
We will not be able to fill any more orders for common glass jars.

JONES' FRAME PLIERS.

For taklDg frames out of

^ tiives, or movinKthem in any

^ way desired. It is mad > ttf
•Tapanned iron, has a long
claw for loosening frames,
and a iiook wliich niav be
used to carry other frames
besides tlie one lieid by the
Pliers. Price, byexpre..-.'*. 30
cts.; by mail, 40 ct8.

Paper Boxes,

To ho'd a section of honey 4Kx4'i, or 5>4x5'4. for retail dealers.
Prices, $1.00 per 100, or S8..50 per 1,000.
E^" Name and address of bee-keeper, and the kind of honey
printed on 1,000 or less for 75 cents extra.

Stanley's Automatic Reversing Honey-Extractor.

This extractor is now owned by Mr. E. K. Newconib. We can
>npply these machines at the following prices : 4-trame, S30.00 ;
o frame, $16.00 ; 3-frame, SH2.00. These prices are for the Lang-
stroth frame only, and they will be shipped direct to customers
from the factory in New York. If you want one for a frame of any
other size, you must send us a sample frame in order to avoid
mistakes.

Tin Points, for Glassing Sections.

Put up in lots of 1,000, and sent by mail, postaid .5rc

The siune by express or freight 40c

From 5,000 to 10,000, by express, per tliousand SOc

Square Tin Points at the same price as the above.

Metal Rabbets.

;\ny length, per foot Ic

Por Langstroth Hives, 14 inches, each Ic

MISCELLANEOUS.

Little Detective Scales, U', ounce to 35 lbs *2 -50

Iloney-Gate for Excelsior Extractor 75

Novice's Metal Corners, per 100 -50

Wire-Cloth for Extractors, 3 feet wide, tinned, per square foot 15

" " queen-cages,tinned, per square foot 22

" 14 mesh, painted OS

Gearing for Honey-Extractor 1 .56

Glass for Two-Pound Sections (.5x6 in.), per box of 340 lights.. 2 .50

Wire for Foundation, per ounce spool. :ic by mail 0.5

" " " per 1-lb. spool, 3.5e " 5.J

Handles for Honey-Gates, 35c " 40

>^ovice Iron Blocks for making metal-corner frames, 15c, " 25

Queen-Registering Cards, per dozen " 1"

Scissors for clipping Queens' Wings " ■''''

SUPPLIES FOR BEK-KEEPERS— For Sale by Tlionias G. Newman &. Son, ChU-aso, Ills.

TH® MMEMICMP* ®E® JQVRJ^RI^.

461

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

NEW YOKK, June u.— There is no comb
hoiiev (in the market, but a small stock of
biisswood extracted and California; new South-
ern extraclcil is arriving-, but llie (juality is
mostly interior. We quote: Extraeted bass-
wood 'and (."alilornia, 7c; Southern. (i.">(j!(70c
jier gallon. Beeswax, scarce at :Jliftj28c.
HILDKETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,

28-30 West liroadway.

CHICAGO, June 4.— Demand continues good
for strictU- white clover honey, and our re-
ceipts are iieing- taken as fast as they arrive.
What little stock we have, consists of buck-
wheat in 1 and 2-lb. sections, which is dull
and slow sale. We quote: White clover l-lbs.,
12i4Sil3'/~c: buckwheat, 7@9c. Beeswax very
scarce at 2.i®i26c for bright, and 23@24c for
dark. S, T. FISH & CO.. i89 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, June 19.— We received to-
day the first shipment of new comb honey
from Independence, Mo.— nice white 1-pound
sections, put up in handsome wliite crates
holding 12 sections each. It sells at l.'.@il6e
per pound. Extracted, white, 5(5 Oc; dark, 5e.
Beeswax, 2,5c.

CLEMONS, CLOON & CO.,

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

CHICAGO, June 3.— Demand is now very
light for comb honey, and will be for the
ensuing two months. There is not much on
the market, and very little of it is in desii-able
shape for the retail trade, being in supers and
just as removed from the hive. Best brings
13@14c, and off-grades about 10c. Extracted,
6@8c. Beeswax, yellow, 27(g28c.

K. A. BURNETT, 161 S. Water St.

MILWAUKEE, June 2. — The market for
hone.v is in .a fair condition. The old stock is
getting out of sight, and values are sustained
on choice qualities. We quote: Choice white
1-lb. sections, ISftdic; medium l-lbs., ll@12c;
dark l-lbs., 9(t>.10c; 2-lbs., normal. Extracted,
in barrels and half barrels, white, 7@8c; dark,
6@6!/2e. Beeswax, 26(5;30c.

A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.

DETROIT. June 3.— Best white comb honey,
13@14e; other grades, 10@13c. Extracted,
slow demand at 7(nj8c. Beeswax, 2 Ti^i 2Sc.

M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch. Mich.

KANSAS CITY, June 13.— Market cleaned
up on old comb and extracted, and new crop
of comb arriving. We quote: White 1-lhs.,
1.5e; dark, ll(«12c; white 2-lbs., 12@13e; dark,
10@llc. Extraeted, white, 0(<97c; dark, 5c.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS, 514 Walnut St.

BOSTON, June 19,— Fancy l-lbs.. 16c; 2-lbs.,
15c. Extraeted, 8@,9c. Honey sales are very
slow. We have recently received a shipment
from Michigan, of very fine stock, which is an
ample supply for us for the summer.

BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.

CINCINNATI, June 10.— Demand for comb
honey is slow, and prices nominal. There is
but little on the market. Extraeted honey is
in good demand at 5@8c, according to quality.
We bought to-day the first 4,000 pounds of
new extracted clover honey.

Beeswax is in good demand at 24(2i28c. for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH & SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

Bee-Keeping- *or Profit, by Dr.

G. L. Tinker, is a new 50-page iiamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted honey, and the construction of
the hive best adapted to it— his ' 'Nonpareil. ' '
The book can be had at this office for 25c.

READERS

Of tills Journal \vIio
ivrite to any of our
advertisers, either In
ordering:, or asking about the Goods
offered, will please state that they saw
(he Advertisement in this paper.

A Kevv Mdliod iif Treating Disease.

HOSPITAL REMEDIES.

What are they; There is anew departure
in the treatment of disease. It consists in
the collection of the siieciflcs used by noted
specialists of Eui-ope and America, and
bringing them within the reach of all. For
instance, the treatment pursued by special
physicians who treat indigestion, stomach
and liver troubles only, was obtained and
prepared. The treatment of other physi-
cians, celebrated for curing catarrh, was
procured, and so on till these incomparable
cures now include disease of the lungs,
kidneys, female weakness, rheumatism and
nervous debility.

This new method of "one remedy for one
disease " must appeal to the common-sense
of all sufferers, many of whom have experi-
enced the ill effects, and thoroughly realize
the absurdity of the claims of Patent
Medicines which are guaranteed to cure
every ill out of a single bottle, and the use
of which, as statistics prove, has ruined
more stomachs than alcohol. A circular
describing these new remedies is sent free
on receipt of stamp to pay postage, by
Hospital Remed}- Company, Toronto, Can-
ada, sole proprietors.

51D26t Imly.

^ducvtiscmeuts.

.umiii s Rnwd FituiKiatioii ! ^^^^fii

or Retail. Or will exchange for Comb Honey.
ST. JOSEPH APIAKY,

27Alt ST. JOSEPH, MO.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

See Wliat I Offer You ! ]^^^t^

Select, J5; $1 less after Aug. 1. Choice war-
ranted, home-bred Queens, $1; or 6 for $5; one
doz,, S9.00. This -n-ill not appear again. T.ake
notice, and govern ^-ourself accordingly.
27Alt J. B. MAINS, Bedford, Ohio.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Tested (|iieensCiieap

During the Swarming Season. Prolific Queens,
producing all lliree-baiided workers, Jl.OO
each; 6 for $4.00.
27A2t J. A. CiBEEN, Dayton, Ills.

Mention the American Bee Jonriml.

Clioicest Italian

Purely bued— Purely

.■MATED. Won first prem-
ium over all competitors
:it Bufl-alo International,

September, 1889. None Better in Amekica !

Send for Priee-List. Order early.

loAtf E. II. KREXEV. iTiiimrtcr and Brffder, Arcadf, \. V.

The Lever.

THE NATIONAI.

TEMFERAITCE JTE-WSFAFEB.

Bright! Newsy! and Enterprising!

"YOTJ SHOTTLID I^EI-A-ID IT.

Send for Sample Copy.

To New Subscribers, Only 50c a Year.

This ofter closes November 1.

Center-Lever Company.

134 Van Buren Street. - CHICAGO, ILL.

laAtf— 4Mtf

Tiie"Globe"BeeYeil

Price, by ITIatl or ExprcHN, $1.00.

There are Ave cross-
bars united by a rivet
through their center at
the top. These bars are
buttoned to studgon the
neck-band. The bars are
of best lightspring-eteel.
The neck-band is of best
hard spriu^i: brass. The
cover is of white bohinct
with black face-piece to
see through.

It is very easily put together; no trouble to
put on or take oft"; and folds compactly in a
paper box 6x7 inches, by one inch deep. The
protection against bees is perfect—the weight
of the entire Veil being only five ounces.

1 A RECENT FIRE

The netting of 60 dozens of these Veils were
soiled by smoke. These complete Veils we
offer, postpaid, at 60 cents each or t»vo for
$1.10, if ordered at the same time. They are
practically just as good as ever, but slightly
soiled. To secure these. Order at once.

We will send this Veil and the Bee J(1URN.\l
one year, for $1.50; or we will give the Veil
FBEE tor two NEW subscribers to the
Bee Jouhnal— [or one for the Bee Journal
and one for the Home Journal] for one year,
with $2.00 for the subscriptions.

THOIfl.VS G. NE'WOTAIV 4; SON,
246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

$1

t'l ijAA IN GOLD can be had; $1.00 bill sent

us will bring you in return, prepaid,
a Golden Box containing 30 useful articles,
together with $20.00 in C Money. A sure
thing. Address, ART AGENCY,
6M.3t— 24A6t Box 950, Circleville, Ohio.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

TAKE NOTICE!

BEFORE placiriK yourOrders for SUm,lE8,
write f'^r prices on One-Piece Basawood Sections
Bee - Uives, shipping - Crates, Frames, Foundation,
Smokers, etc. Address,

K. EC. SCHMIDT A CO.,

lAly NEW LONDON, Waupaca Co. WIS.

Mention the American Bee Journal

HOMALMAMC!!

TXIST the thing needed to create a demand for
^ HONEY at home. Bee-keepers should scatter
it freely. It shows the uses of Honey for Medicine,
Eating, Drinkintr, Cooking, for making Cosmetics,
Vinegar, etc.; also uses of BEESWAX. Price, 5 eta.;
25 copies for 11. 10 ; 50 copies, $1.70; 75 copies, $2.30;
100 for 12.90. The foregoing are POSTPAID prices:
followingare prices when sent by express or freight;
100 for 12.50; 500 for *in.00: i.ikX) for $15.00. The
Bee-Keeper's CARD will be printed on the first page
without extra cost, when 25 or more are ordered at
one time. Address,

THOS. G. NEAVMAN A: SON,

246 East Madison St.. - CHICAGO. TLI.

Italian (|iEEJiS|f;ff

Tested. $1.00 each ; Untested, To cts.
Address, C. A. BUNCH, Nye, Marshall Co., Ind
26A3t
Mention the American Bee Journal.

462

T'MW M»aEmiCMH BEE JOURMSl^,

t.^.^A^-^-^-«.-^*^*^-*^*^*i*-*-**^-^^^^^:^_^^^^^*^*^^^*^*^^^*^^^^^^^^*^

PATENTS !

PATENTS, Caveats, and Trade-Marks pro-
cured, Kejected Applications Revived and
Prosecuted. All business before the U. S.
Patent OtBec promptly attended to for mod-
erate tees, and no chftrj?i> made unless Patent
is secured. Send for " INVENTOE'S GUIDE."
FBANIiL.l> H.HOi:«JH,
31Ctt WASHINGTON, D. C.

Mention tits American Bee Journal.

J. FORNCROOK & CO.,

MANUFACTUKERS OF THE

"BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTIONS,

[ 1^ I

WILiL furnish vou. the comine Beaaon, ONB
PIECE SECTIONS, sJind-papered on both sides
—as nheap as the cheapest, and better than the best.
df" Write for prices.
Watertown, Wis.. Jan, I, 1890. iCly

Barnes' Foot-Power Machinery.

_: ^-_ ReadwhatJ.I.PARENT,of

CHAHLTON,N.Y..8ays— "We

cut with one of your Com-
bined Machines, hist winter
fin chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
I'M' honey-racks, 5<hi broad
frames, :i.i " " ' huney-boxe8
and a ereat deal of other
work. ThiB winter we have
double the amount of bee-
hives, etc., to make and we
expect to do it with tliisSaw.
Itwiil do all you say it will."
•^^■y^ CataloRue and Price - List

Free. Address. W . F. & JOHN BARNES,

45Ctf No. 196 Ruby St.. Rockford. HI.

Scientific (|iieen-Reariiig

AS PRACTICAI-LY APPLIED;

Being a Method by which the very best of
Queeu-Bees are reared in perfect accord

with Nature's Way ; by

G. M. DOOLITTLE.

In this book the author details the results
of his Expertments in Rearing- Queen- Bees for
the past four or five years, and is the first
to present his discoveries to the World.

Bound in Cloth— 176 pages— Price, $1.00,
postpaid ; or, it will be Clubbed with the
Auierican Bee Journal one year, for $1.75—
with the Illustrated Home Journal, for $1.75 ;
or the two Journals and the Book for $2.50.

THOS. G. NEAVMAN ic SON,

246 Eust Madisou Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

/^i

My 1M Annual Price-list fJ'Sll^.i.^l'Slll

Queens and Nuclei Colonies (a specialty): also Sup,
Plies— will be sent to all who send theirnames and
addresses. H. U. BROWN, ,. ^ „

14E4t 23C2t LiElit Street, Columbia Co. Pa.

Meiitkin the Amcrirjin Bee Journal.

SOME OF TBE TOPICS IT UAS nSCTSbED.

••The ppoduetion of Comb Honey,*'

was the epfciiiJ topic of tlip Aiiril DUnihfr.

•■Houu to Raise Extracted Honey,"
was ili-icuBRpd in the iM;ty iBsoe.

"Conntonts and Convenienees fot*
the Apiarv." were named and descrihpd in -Tune.

**prom the Hive to the Honey
Marker." w:is i li.^ topic of the Jaly iesue.

" IWarketing," Will be the Speeial
topic (^f th'* .\ncn.-it nnmber.

The " RevieTJU " is Published
monthly, at fit) .nw. a jear. Bend for samples
(frpf) nnd HPe if yon can atiord to be without it.

Hddness Bee-Keepers' Revietu,
w / HUTCHINSON. Ej Sl Prop Flint. Mich.

23Ctf Mention the American Bee Journal

British. Boe Journal

CANADIAN QUEENS!

GIVE THEM A XKI.VI..

Earh. Per Tlirff. Per y- Bm.

Italians. Virgin $ .40... .$1.00....$ 1.75

Untested 1.00 ... 2.7.T.... 5.00

Tested 1.50.... .3.75.... 7.00

Select Tested, 2.00.... G.OO.... 10.00
Address, K. F. HOLiTERiMANN,
27ASt ROMNEV, Kent Co., ONT.

per

AND BEE-EEEFEBB' ADVISEE,

IS published every week, at 68. 6d.
annum. It contains the very best practica
Information for the apiarist. It is edited by
Thomas Wm. Cowan, F.G.S., F.R.M.S., etc.. and
published by John Huckle, Kiniar's Langley,
Herts, Enpland

PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION

HAS NO S.4G I.N BROOD FKAiflES.

THIN FLAT BOTTOM FOUNDATION

Has uo Fi!!>h-boiie iu Siii*|>lu.*s Honey.

Bein^ the cleanest is usually worked
the quickest of any Foundation made.

J. VAN DGCTSEN A: SONS,
Ei'iK>^^^i^ Sole Manufacturers.

Sprout Brook, Montgomery Co., N. Y.

lAtl"

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Jones' Frame Pliers.

FOK taking frames out of Ulves, or
moving them in any way desired. It is
made of Japanned iron, and can be utilized
in many ways. It has a long claw for loos-
ening frames, and a hook which maybe used
for carrying other frames besides the one
held by the Pliers. Price, 40 cents., by mail.
By express, 30 cents.

THOS. G. NE^ViWAN A- SON,
346 East Madison St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

Established 1878.

SMITH & SMITH,

Wholesale and Retail Slan-
ufacturers of

BEEpEPERS' ^mmi

NnTTPTT That my FOUNOAXION islow
iNUliL>.L«iu price, iind high in puality.
For Brood. 40c; for Sections, 50c per qound.
Send for Samples.

•24A4t \VILBI<:k G. FISH, llliaoa, N.Y,
Mention the A yvrrican Bee JournaL

HEAD - QUARTERS IN THE SOUTH.

FACTORY OF

BEE HIVES, &C.

£arly Nuclei A; Italian Queens.

1^" Tenth annual CatalOKue now ready.
5Ctf PAUI. I.. VI AI.L,ON, Bayou Goula. L».

REXTOj\% OHIO.

Price l.ist Free.

9D]y

Hurrah for the Carniolaii!.; They lake the
lead; win the race; secure the prize. If you

TONS OF HONEY,

Try the Carniolans. Hardiest to winter;
pleasantest to handle; best honey-gatherers.
Our stock is the best that can be procured,
and is bred miles away from other races.

PKIOBS; One Untested Queen, $1.00; 6
for $5.00: 12 for $9.00. One Tested Queen,
$2.50. One Imported Queen, $3.50. The Bee-
Keepers' Advance and an Untested Queen,
for $1 25 J. B. M,\sON,

27Ctf MECHANIC FALLS, ME.

CIRCULAR Saw, Iron Frame. Steel Shafts,
and Arbor's Machine-Cut Gears. Ii-on
Center-part in top. Send for Circular and
Price-List. J. M. MAKSTON A" CO.,

21Ci:3t 75 Leno.x Street, BOSTON, MASS.

\^ ^3.00 per 1,000. Foundation,
■ " Alsike Clover Seed and Japanese
ckwheat, cheap as the cheajjest. Speo-
prices to dealers. Send for our free
PRICE LIST. M. H. HUNT,
IDtf BELL BRANCH. MICH.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

CiECTI

A Buc

KJ ial 1

4;,MStt,a

•BEE SUPPLIES

'i»f.rct)tT"^gi

Mention thj American Bee Journal.

Eaton's Improved

SKCriO.'^i -« 'ASE.

BEKS & yUEENS. Send

for free ciitulO{.'Ut*. Address

Frank A. Katoii,
IDtf Bluffton.Oliio

Mention the Ame^'iran Bee Journal.

JAPANESE BUCKWHEAT, 75 cts. per
bushel; 15 cts. for bag. No. 1 Secttons,
$3 00 per 1,000. Comb Foundation very cheap
Send for Price-List of 1890, free.

W. D. SOPER, Box 1473, Jackson, Mich.
9C5t „ , ,

Mention the American Bee Journal.

THAT HUNDEED-DOLLAR QUEEN!

I Daughter
Descriptive

Circular free. Address,
AMERICAN APICULTURIST,Wenham, Mass.
18C3t

ONE D01iI..4B will purchase
of this wonderful Queen.

■rae KmBMicKM be® journjsiu.

4G7

BPITOR.

VoliXVI Julf 12, 1890, No, 28.

■•leiil y of roses in summei',

Plenty of flowers in June,
Plenty of sweet-bird music

That never is out of tune, <■

After so deep a gladness.

When our hearts are tenderly stirred,
No wonder we dread the winter,

With never a flower or bird.

HtS" In our next issue we shall publish
the list of pi-emiums offered at the Detroit
Fair and Exposition, and the rules goven-
ing the same. It is crowded out of this
issue.

The great Inter-State Fair will be
held at Trenton, N. J., on Sept. 29 and 30,
Oct. 1, 2 and 3. For premium lists address
Jno. Guild Muirheid, Sec, Trenton, N. J.

I>»i!«onins' Kees.— In the Montreal
Witnens of June 26, 1890, a correspondent

Can the law keep anybody from shower-
ing fruit trees with Paris green on account
of honey bees, and is there any law for
honey-bees <

The editor of the Agricultural Depart-
ment, the Rev. W. P. Clarke, very properly
answers him thus :

Surely no one would he so inconsiderate
and foolish as to spray fruit blossoms with
Paris green for the purpose of killing bees.
These useful insects do no harm to fruit
trees, but rather good, mixiug the pollen,
and so helping to fertilize the blooms.
There is no law to prevent such an act, but
people <mght to have enough knowledge
and common sense to abstain from doing
anything of the kind. There is a law regu-
lating the ownership of stray swarms, and
an act has recently been passed in Ontario
to prevent the spread of foul brood, but I
thmk that is all the legislation we have
respecting honey-bees.

XIi4^ l><-li-<>ii l.'siir and Exposition
promises to be viry successful this year. It
will be held from Aug. 26 to Sept. 5. The
management has just issued a circular
from which we extract the following of
interest to bee-keepers :

The Apiary Department expects to make
the finest display ever seen in America.
The most noted bee keepers of Canada and
the United States are invited to compete,
not only with tlicir choicest colonies, but
also with the flnest honey and wax in all
shapes, — hives, combs, implements, and
everything iJertaiuing to the business, for
which the largest cash premiums are
ofl'ered, and the best facilities for display
are prepared.

Premium Lists may be obtained by ad-
dressing the Secretary, Geo. M. Savage,
Detroit, Mich.

A letter just received from our friend, H.
D. Cutting, who has kindly consented to
make provision for the accommodation of
the bee keepers at hotels, etc., reads thus:

I was in Detroit two days last week, and
have all arrangements made for bee keep-
ers who may attend the Exposition. I have
secured a good location. Applications for
space begin to come in, and everything
bids fair for a good exhibit.

We Ai>pi*<^oi:ile the following from
Olcnninris o{ June 15. It is an editorial
on the matter of good feeling now existing
between the apicultural editors of America.
Bro. Root says :

As Di'. C. C. Miller said recently, it seems
as if the millennium of brotherly feeling and
good-will were now among apicultui-ists.
The Amkkicw Bee J()i;K.\,iL is always on
time. We never saw one copj' in all the
hundreds that have come to us that was
poorly printed — over-inked or under-inked.
They are always a model in typographical
appearance. We are in a position to know
that it is not an easy thing to be out on
time, nor to make every number of a
periodical an exact duplicate of the others,
typographicallv.

But few pursuits can show a better class
of periodical literature than apiarists can
boast of. Not only is GJea/l i)if/.s a marvel
of neatness, but the Revleiv. the Apicul-
turist, the Ouidc, and the Advnncc vie
with each other in the excellence of the
matter presented to their readers, and also
in clothing themselves in as attractive a
garb of neatness as the printer's art can
make them. The Americ.vx Bee Journal
wishes them all the prosperity which they
deserve, and hopes that concord and good
fellowship may mark every step in their
onward course.

How different all this is to what existed
17 years ago, when the American Bee
JouRNAi, came into the hands of the present
editor. The few papers then in existence
were very poorly printed, and the price-
lists of supply dealers were a disgrace to
the art of printing (as we stated editorially
more than 15 years ago) ; then the reading
columns of all the periodicals were filled
with bitter criticisms and personal bicker-
ings, making it very undesirable to readers
generally. Now, all is peace and concord.

Topics upon which we differ are discussed
in a pleasant way, and progress and im-
provement keep abreast of the times, while
strife and vain glory are relegated to the
rear. May such good feeling long continue.

'l"o l*<-<-p II l>roniiM<- should be a
sacred dutj' — but there are times when such
cannot be done, no matter what effort is put
forth to accomplish it. Our Supply Depart-
ment has been a notable examjile of this, in
the past 2 or 8 weeks. The Business Mana-
ger (A.H.N. ), relying upon a continuance of
shipments from manufacturers of sections,
frames, smokers, etc., in about the usual
quantities, every day two — promised such
things to oar customers at such times as he
felt sure of being able to send them. But, un-
expectedly, some of them ceased to send us
anything for 10 days (though implored to
do so every day) claiming that they were
obliged to fill other orders, to try to redeem
their promises made to others, broken by
the '' unprecedented rush," though they ran
day and night. This left us pow-erless to
ship goods we had promised in good faith —
and the jitst relmkes oi our patrons almost
drove us to desperation ! Several small
shipments were received, but orders came
faster than the goods. This week, we are
relieved by several unexpected offers of
goods (to help us out) and by^the time this
JoiRNAL is in the hands of its readers, we
hope to have caught up to within a day or
two — and in the future be able to fill all
ordei's jiromptly.

We hope that this explanation will pre-
vent our suffering patrons from judging us
too severely on our '■ broken promises."

The wornj has caused both members of
the Arm great annoyance, and bad as some
of our jiatrous must feel, we have suft'ered
in mind and body as much as any one.

^W We are informed by one who knows,
that the honey-house of N. N. Betsinger
was not destroyed, as stated last week on
page -1-13. It was, we presume, an exag-
geration of reporters. We saw it in the
Chicago Herald, the New York Sun, and
in another paper, the name of which we do
not remember. We now have full reports
of the ti'ial of Mr. Betsinger in the Syracuse
Courier and Marcellus Observer.

We have no desire to misstate this un-
fortunate matter in any respect. The jury
only took 20 minutes to decide upon a ver-
dict of •' guilty.'' Though that does not
prove it beyond controversy, still it shows
that very strong proofs must have been
offered to them. It is but just to say, how-
ever, that Mr. Betsinger protests that he is
innocent and that a conspiracy was formed
against him.

He was defended by Lawrence T. Jone.s,
one of the cleverest lawyers in the State.
An appeal is made to the general term of
the court for a new trial. If he i^s innocent,
we hope it will be so proven — that the right
may prevail.

468 THE;

mmimmiomm be® j@^mnmi,.

■»-*^^^*-^*-^*-^*-^* ^^^ A ^ A^^^ ^ ^^^ A J

Patents are generally the thing " most
to be desired " by young bee-keepers. They
think they must invent something in order
to be brought to public notice. They never
dream of reading up the literature or his-
tory ot bee-keeping ; but, instead, they will
conceive of something different from what
they have been using — imagine that it is
neiv, and then foolishly spend their money
to get a patent on some discarded imple-
ment or device ; or, perchance, on some-
thing that may be in general use, but is
not known to them. We commend to such
the pithy remarks of friend A. G. Hill, in
the last issue of the Bee-Ktepcrs' Guide :

Mr. Leonard Hopkins, of Maxwell, In-
diana, has secured a patent on a supposed
new bee-hive. May 13, 1890. The first
claim is on a kerf in the top-bar, and also
in the upper end of the side-bars for the
purpose of securing a starter. This is a
very common thing, and a great many
have built frames in this manner for a
number of years. The dovetailed Sim-
plicity flames of wood are all made in this
manner. The second claim is on a case for
sections. The top case is clamped down to
the lower case by metal hooks and eyes, a
set at each corner. This makes it neces-
sary to have three honey-boards, one at the
top, one at the bottom, and one at the
center, besides the sections are clamped
sidewise in the usual manner with a
wedge, and a glass side. The feature is
new because we do not think any one ever
before saw the necessity for clamping the
upper tier of sections to the lower ones, and
we fail to see it now. The two cases are
not clamped or fastened to the body, nor is
the cap secured in any such manner, so the
hive cannot be designed to overcome the
effects of wind storms. The third claim is
an endeavor to tighten the grip on the
second. Now it would seem better for
those who get the patent fever on bee-
hives, to first spend four or five dollars for
bee periodicals and books treating on the
subject, as it is jiossible that a better
knowledge of what has been done, and
what others have done, might be as good a
(■ureas.*7.T spent for a patent for some-
thing already in use or not worth using.

Xliat Pioneer Apiarist, Mr. O. W.

Childs, died at I-os Angeles, Calif., on April
17, 1890. About 40 years ago he left
Vermont and located in Southern Califor-
nia. Mr. C. N. Wilson, in the Rural Cali-
fiim'um, gives this biographical sketch of
Mr. Childs :

He was very largely engaged in the
nursery business for many years, and thou-
sands of citrus as well as deciduous trees
that now form extensive orchards in Cali-
fornia, were his proctuct. His palatial
home on Main street, Los Angeles, sur-
rounded as it is by an almost endless variety
of fruit and ornamental trees, together
with a superb collection of flowers, are all
living witnesses of his singularly good taste
and refinement.

To him alone belongs the honor of bring-
ing to Southern California the first hives of
honeybees. He purchased some in San
Francisco, and brought them to Los An-
geles, in March, 1855, setting them up in
his nursery on Main street, about opposite

to where he built his late splendid residence.
The bees did well, and Mr. Childs sold his
comb honey as fast as it was produced, for
one dollar per pound. He remained in the
business for a number of years, conducting
it successfully, introducing everything that
tended to impi'ovement in the apiary. He
manufactured the first honey extractor
ever used in this locality, and introduced
the first Italian queen-bees, paying as high
as SlOO each for them.

He has left as marks of his business
ability the structures he caused to be
erected, notably his late residence, the
Grand Opera House, and the fine building
on the corner of Temple and New High
streets. But the bee-keeping fraternitj-
will long remember him as the amiable
gentleman who brought the first honey-bees
to Southern California, and for many years
carried on successfully the first apiary
established in this part of the United
States.

i^ The Indiana State Fair will be held
at Indianapolis from Sept. 33 to 37, 1890.
In Class 38, "Bees and Honey," we find
the following in the premium list :

1st. 2(i.

Queen-bee $3 S2

Comb honey, not less than 10 lbs.,
quality and manner of putting
up for market to be considered. . 5 3
Extracted honey, not less than 30
lbs., quality and manner of put-
ting up for market considered.. . 5 8
Display of honey, the product of

one apiary of the present year. . 15 10
Display of wax, not less than 10

lbs 3 1

Display ot apiarian supplies 5 3

Apparatus for the manufacture of
comb foundation, to include all
necessary articles for its manu-
facture, the owner to manufac-
ture comb during time of exhibit 5
Comb foundation for use in brood-
nest 3

Comb foundation for surplus honey 3

Honey extractor 3

Wax extractor 3

Honey vinegar, not less than one

gallon 3

Section-box for surplus honey S

Display of wholesale packages and

crates for honey 2

Display of retail packages for ex-
tracted honey 3

Collection of honey-plants,not less
than 6 varieties, properly labeled
in order, with date of bloom 10

■Carrels ot'lluney, it is said, were
recently found in a bluff of ground in
Franklin, Ky., and a leading Chicago daily
newspaper gave the following account of
it, and comments thereon, in its editorial
columns, on July 3, 1890 :

The industry of the little busy bee seems
to lose force as a moral example when the
profitless and unnecessary toil of a lot of
Kentucky bees is considered. The home of
these bees was a bluff 170 feet high near
Franklin, and for a number of years they
have been seen to emerge from a fissure
near its top. It recenty occurred to a
farmer that the bluff might be full ot honey
and, in company with a number of neigh-
bors, he undertook to find out. A hole
bored in the bluff completely corroborated
his theory. It di.sclosed one of the most
remarkable finds of honey ever discovered
Everybody for miles around has filled a
barrel or two, and the farmers are supplied
with honey enough to spread on their bis-
cuits and sweeten their beverages for years

to come. But the industry for which bees
are lauded by the novelists seems to have
been misdirected in this case. They pro-
duced an enormous surplus of honey which
they could not use themselves, and which
they intended nobody else should use — only
to be robbed of it in the end.

There are many stories afloat concerning
lakes of honey, etc., being found, which
hardly ever materialize when they are
sought. We do not give much credence to
such newspaper yarns, though there may
be a little truth in some of them.

__^ The statement has been widely
circulated, probably by parties who wished
it might be true, that John B. Alden, Pub-
lisher, of New York, Chicago, and Atlanta,
had joined the " Book Trust," which is
trying to monopolize the publication of
standard books, and to increase prices from
35 to 100 per cent. Mr. Alden sends us
word that he has not joined the Trust, and
there is not and never has been any prob-
ability of his joining it. The "Literary
Revolution " which has accomplished such
wonderful results within the past ten years,
in popularizing literature of the highest
character (no "trash" ever finds place on
his list), stOl goes on. Instead of increas-
ing prices, large reduction in prices has
recently been made, particularly on copy-
right books by American authors. A cata-
logue (96 pages) sent free to any applicant.

One of the latest issues from his press is
" Stanley's Emin Pasha Expedition," by
Wauters, a very handsome, large-type,
illustrated volume, reduced in price from
«:3. 00 to 50 cents. This work tells a most
interesting and complete story, beginning
with the conquest of the Soudan, and con-
tinuing through years of African explora
tion, the revolt of the Mahdi, the siege of
Khartoum, with the death of Gordon, the
return of Dr. Junker, besides the story of
Stanley's own adveutures, including his
successful Relief Expedition. It is one of
the best and most complete works issued
upon the subject. Send Alden your address,
and you will receive his 96-page catalogue,
and from time to time specimen pages of
his new publications. John B. Alden,
Publisher, 393 Pearl street, New York, also
Chicago and Atlanta.

Uooliltie on <tHeen-Kearing.

Queens can be reared in the upper stories
of hives used for extracted honey, where a
queen-excluding honey -board is used, which
are as good, if not superior, to Queens
reared by any other process; and that, too,
while the old Queen is doing duty below,
just the same as though Queens were not
being reared above. This is a fact, though
it is not generally known.

If you desire to know how this can be
(jone— how to have Queens fertilized in up-
per stories, while the old Queen is laying
below— how you may nafely introduce any
Queen, at any time ot the year when bees
cay fly— all about the different races of
bees— all about shipping Queens, queen-
cages, candy for ipieen-cages, etc. — all
about forming nuclei, multiplying or unit-
ing bees, or weak colonies, etc.; or, in fact
everything about the queen-business which
you may want to know, send for"Doolit-
tle's Scientific Queen-Rearing;" a book of
170 pages, which is nicely bound in cloth,
and as interesting as a story. Price, $1.00.

-rmm wm.mm.icjiH wmm jQ'Ufihmiu.

469

The

Amoiiiil of DcsicI Bcc8
Cellar- Wintering^.

Wiitten for tlic Amcriain Dee Journal

one to two gallons. — J. M. Ham-

QuEUY 716.— What amouut of dead bees,
consistent with fair wintering, might be
found in a cellar where 100 colonies had
been tor four months i — Wisconsin.

Two bushels.— Euo.ENE Secor.
Two bushels.— Mks. L. Haurison.
Perhaps a bushel.— C. C. Miller.
Half a bushel or more.- Dadant & Sox.
A bushel or two. — Will M. Barnum.
One or two bushels.— G. L. Tinker.
Prom a peck to one bushel.— G. M. Doo-

LITTLE.

From

BAUGH.

Never having wintered bees in a cellar, I
do not know.— M. Mahin.

A bushel would be a liberal allowance. —

C. H. DiBBERN.

It will vary from 2 gills to 4 quarts.
Neither extreme need cause alarm. — A. J.
Cook.

From one to two bushels, if the bottom-
boards are off, so that the dead bees are all
outside the hives. — R. L. Taylor.

There are so many different conditions to
be taken into consideration, that it would
be impossible to say just how many. — H.

D. Getting.

Who can tell ! In some cellars more
would be found than in others. This ques-
tion reminds me of the " old chestnut," viz :
"How big is apieceof chalk?"— J. E. Pond.

Sometimes more and sometimes less. I
have known bees to winter Hrst-rate where
there were great quantities of dead bees
upon the bottom of the repository, and the
same when only a few were to be seen. —
Jambs Heddon.

It must depend a gi-eat deal upon the
relative number of the old bees in each
hive, as to what proportion of the colony
will survive until spring. I believe that
half of all the bees in my apiary die before
spring opens, and yet, with the increase of
young bees, gives me good, strong colonies
to commence with.— G. W. Demaree.

A bushel, more or less, according to the
age of the bees when placed in winter
quarters. — The Editor.

Hanaiin^ Bees.— This is the title of
a nice pamphlet containing 28 pages and a
cover, published by Chas. Dadant & Son.
It is a chapter from their book, Langstroth
Revised, and is an excellent thing for be-
ginners. Price, 8 cts. For sale at this office.

A IVice Pocket Dictionary w ill be

given as a premium for only one nevt-
subscriber to this Journal, with $1.00. It
is a splendid little Dictionary— just the
right size for the pocket. Every school boy
and school girl, as well as everybody else,
should own and use it. Price, 35 cent!«.

HONEY.

Ilow

lu Work to Get
Kesuits.

the Bent

Written f 01- llic American Rural Home

BY (i. M. DOOLITTLE.

If we have been successful in work-
ing our bees for brood, so as to obtain
a multitude of bees in the right time
for the honey harvest, we are ready for
the next step in working for honey.
This will be ])iitting on the honey
sections, or rather a part of them, for
I contend that it is poor policy to give
any colony (unless it is in the case of
two prime swarms being hived to-
gether), all of tlie surplus room at the
start, as such tends to discourage
them, as they do not as j-et have a
sufficient amount of bees to take pos-
session of so large amount of room. I
generally give surplus room amount-
ing to from 20 to 25 pounds at the
start, and as the bees take possession
of it, give as much more room, and
finally the full capacity of the hire (60
pounds), when the force of bees in-
creases so as to want it. However, as
a rule, the swarming season arrives
before all the sections are put on, when
no more sections are added until the
old colon}' gets a laying qneen.

Always, in managing bees, the api-
arist should have an eye on the future
as regards his honey harvest, until the
harvest arrives, and when it arrives,
then bend his every energy for the
time which is present. For instance,
my honey harvest comes from bass-
wood, or during the last half of July,
so all my operations previous to this
time, must be in reference to this
harvest, or all my efforts will result
only in failure.

Now the time of the bees' swarming
has a very important bearing on what
I get as cash out of the apiary. If
they swarm too early, they defeat my
plans, and if too late it is nearh" as
bad. The thing is to have them" all
swarm at the right time, which is
brought about as nearly as it may be,
by keeping back the strongest and
building up the weakest. This is done
by drawing bees and brood from the
strong and giving to those which are
weak, until all are brought to a uni-
form strength at the desired time of
swarming.

But says one : '-When is the proper
time for increase ?" to which I reply :
" About 15 to 20 days before the msiin
honey harvest." Why ? Because this
gives time for the young queen in the
old colony to become fertilized, and

not enough time to the swarm to gfi
so strong as to desire to swarm again.
Remember, I am talking exclusively
of producing ('onib honey, for the pro-
ducing of extracted honey requires a
very differiMit mode of procedure, in
my opinion, and I have extracted as
high as b&> pounds from a single col-
ony in one season.

Nothing ran detract more from our
crop of comb honey than to have our
bees get the swarming fever during
the honey harvest, unless it is having
them so weak at the time that they are
of little or no value.

In the forepart of June one jear I
was accosted by a neighbor saying,
" Have your bees swarmed yet ?" No,
said I, nor do I expect them to gen-
erally for the next three weeks.
"Well," says he, " I guess you won't
get much from them, for Mr. S. is hav-
ing lots of swarms." All right, says I,
I shall be glad to have Mr. S. get a
good crop of honey.

Well, the result was, during the
height of the honey harvest Mr. S.
was having lots of swarms, which he
was putting back, cutting out queen-
cells, etc., in the vain hope to get
them to work, while only now and
then a swarm was issuing in my api-
ary, with the sections being flllecl as if
by magic.

I have often said the getting of the
bees in the right time for the honey
harvest counts more toward cash and
fun in the apiary than anjthing else,
which is true, but next to this is the
managing of those bees, so that thej-
will be only bent on storing honey
during the honey harvest ; for the lack
of either gives the apiarist only small
returns for his labor among the bees.

After doing all in mj' power to get
all swarms out between June 25 and
July 4, I frequently get some as early
as June 20, and as late as July 15.
Those issuing before July 4 are hived
on a new stand, and a part of the sec-
tions are put on two or three days after
hiving, while the date of swarming is
put on each hive, thus : " N. S. 6-22"
being put on the swarm, and "Sw'd.
6-22 " on the old hive, if that is the
date.

On the evening of the eighth day I
listen for a moment or two at the side
of the old hive, and if swarming has
been done "according to rule," I
hear the joung queen piping, when I
know a young queen has hatched, and
an after-swarm will be the result if it
is not stopped. If no piping is heard,
I do not listen again until the evening
of the 13th <lay, for the next rule is
that the colony swarmed upon an egg
or small larva being in the queen-cell,
which allows the queen to hatch from
the 12th to the 16th day after swarm-
ing. If no piping is heard by the

470

THE' MmdEKICiiff mmW JQVMmMX^.

- — ^ — ..-. ~.^^j^-^^.^^^jLjmjL^^mtm<k^m.Amtm»m»mtmA»Amtmtmtmtm

" -^^ ^* ^ * ^ * '^'■TLt^L^L^L^^—^^^^^^^^-—^^^

ITtli daj-, no swai-m need be expected.
When it is lieai-d, which will be in
nineteen cases out of twent}-, on the
8th day, 1 go early in the morning and
take every frame out of the hive, shak-
ing the bees off of each (in front) as I
take thera out and return them again,
so I shall be sure and not miss a queen-
cell, but cut all off, for we know that
a queen has hatched.

This is a sure plan, while I have
found by experience that none of the
other plans given are sure of the pre-
vention of after-swarms. The colony
is now boxed to its full capacity, and
if the queen gets to laying all right,
it will produce a larger amount of
comb honey than the swarm will. In
21 days from the time the swarm is
hived, young bees will begin to hatch
so as to reinforce that colony, so on
the 23rd to the 25th day after hiving,
I give the full capacity of surplus room
to this also, which teuds to keep thera
from having a desire to swarm again.
In this way the very best results are
secured, the same being what I have
practiced successfully for years.

Borodino. N. Y.

BUSINESS.

Pertinent Suggestions About
Ordering Bee-Supplies.

Written for the American Bee Jawmal

BY A SUPPLY DEALER.

address, he states so plainlj- in a few
words on a separate line. When she
finds nothing on tliat sheet, except that
plain, complete and comprehensive
order, she draws a sigh of relief ; and,
when looking into the envelope, hnds
no other sheets, no talk about the bee-
keeper's bees, nor his flora, nor chick-
ens, nor his admiration for some of
our theories or goods, she draws
another and still longer and pleasanter
breath. The order is soon made out,
and always without an error.

The next letter is withdrawn from
the envelope, and a sheet of note-paper
is written .all over the four pages with
a lead pencil, and reads something
like this :

luclosed please find $6.00 for one of your
beehives. I have read about them, and I
think they are the best hive there is. I
have got your circular, but I do not know
as I know just what I get for the $6.00.
Send me the best you can, because I am a
prominent bee keeper here, and a good
many people will come to look at the hive.
I had a big swarm yesterday. My bees are
mostly pure Italians. I think the pure bees
are the best. Oh, yes, I add another 80
cents for one of your bee-veils, and if you
can send a Parker foundation fastener by
mail, send it right away, and I will remit.
My little boy, 13 years old, loves bees, but
he got awfully stung yesterday. Send
directions how to use the hive, and it you
can send two hives in the fiat iastead of
one made up, you can do that. Direct the
same as you did before. There are a good
many other things I would like to write
you about, but I am in a hurry, so good-by.
Your friend— who loves the honey-bees,
Johannes Fikes.

I have been thinking of the fact that
bee-keepers are compelled to enter the
field of commerce. They have to sell
their honey and buy supplies, and very
many do so by correspondence. Would
it not be a good plan if we should learn
something of each other through the
medium of the American Bee Jour-
nal, concerning . commercial business
as well as honey-producing?

I am a supply ilealer as well as a
honey-producer, and during the last
two months my mail has averaged
about forty letters per day. Let us
now imagine my clerk at the desk,
opening these forty letters, answering
them, copying orders, etc. — a work
which I am compelled to hire done, as
I cannot alw.ays find the time to do it
and superintend three apiaries and as
much other business of a different
character.

With an opener the clerk opens the
forty letters ; the first one contains an
order for 2.0(10 sections. 15 pounds of
comb foundation, etc. The letter is
short, plainly written, especially the
address, the shipping-point, and the
name of the remitter ordering the
goods. He tells how to ship (by
freight or express), and if his pos',-
ofiice is different from his shipping

Now this friend may "love the
honey-bees," and he may be a good
" friend," although it is the first time
we ever knew that we had such a
friend, or that such a man as Mr.
Fikes lived, but the clerk is not in love
with his letter at all. She would about
as soon open a dynamite bomb as such
a lettei".

Many dealers have suggested that
all orders for goods should be on a
separate sheet from all talk, and every-
thing else not pertaining to business.
I desire to cirry this further still ; I
want to suggest to every bee-keeper
that when making an order for goods,
put nothing else in the same letter. Let
the envelope carry nothing else. If
you want to write to some man who is
a central figure in the apicultural
world, send him your talk in another
envelope, at another time, and under
another stamp ; and when you do not
receive any answer to it, wisely and
pleasantly come to the conclusion that
he did not have time to answer it.

What do you think of a bee-keeper
who will ask a dozen questions and
not even enclose a stamp or return
envelope ? No better nor more honest
rule could be made among bee-keepers
than to enclose ten cents in stamps for
every question asked ; then a lot of
useless questions would not be a.sked.

and those wisely selected and wisely
answered, would be worth ten times
ten cents per question to the seeker
after knowledge.

A good business man, having a large
trade, will not depend upon his
memory for anything — not for five
minutes ; so those ordering goods
should remember that if their order is
the forty-ninth one of the season, it
should be just as full and clear
as though it was the first time the
dealer had ever heard of him. Do not
take it for granted that the recipient
of your letters remembers anything
about any former transaction — make
your reference full and complete. Do
not tell h,alf of the story and think he
remembers the other half. Tell it all.
Do not write and say : "I have not
received the goods I ordered from you
yet. Did you ship them according to
my directions, and if so, why are they
not here ?" Write in this way :

On or about June 4 I ordered 3,000 sec-
tions of you, remitting S8.00 for the same
by way of post-office order on the Fair-
haven post-office. I asked you to ship to
my address by freight to Fairhaven, and as
twenty days have elapsed, and the goods
do not arrive, I would suggest that you
have a tracer sent after them.

Then comes a letter from Peter
Funk, without any money In it, sug-
o-esting that we send him one of our
hives for trial, and if it suits him he
will pay for it, and besides all this, he
is such a central figure and " mowing
such a wide swath" in the apicultural
line for miles around, that it will be
largely to our advantage to ship him a
hive. This is an easy kind of letter to
dispose of, and greatly facilitates get-
ting through with the day's work. It
is answered with just one motion, and
that consigns it to the waste-basket.

Let us do business on business
principles, and let all remember that
the dealer in bee-keepers' supplies who
has any considerable trade, has hun-
dreds of others besides ourselves to
deal with. That if we bungle our
letters with side-talk, it makes him lota
of extra work, and subjects ourselves
to danger of loss from mistakes. Be-
sides that, there are very few dealers
in the busy season, ready to consider
anything in any one's letters except
the order itself. Can we not have an
improvement in this direction ?

[We give place to the above because
there are many good suggestions in it,
which thousands of apiarists should
ponder over. The name of the writer
is withheld, so that it shall not give
offense, or seem to be a personal com-
plaint—instead of suggestions for the
general good. We are glad to say
that there has been a very marked im-

TH® MTmmRicn.n bek jouRNaiL.

471

provcment in the writing of orders
■during tlie past few 3'e:irs, and we hope
that the foregoing article will stimu-
late to greater preeision and more
business taet in letter-writing. — Ed.]

SELLING HONEY.

■low to

Put Honey
i?Iarkcl.

Upon I lie

Read (it the Ohio State Conveiitmi

BY H. F. MOORE.

Marketing our honey is one of the
most important parts of the business ;
for if we fail in this, it is useless for us
to raise large crops of hone}', or to use
great care in its production. Very
little need be said about comb honey
to the representative body of apiarists,
and one might almost sa}' upon any
branch of practical bee-keeping. For
we have here assembled the most en-
terprising and wide-awake of our Ohio
honey-producers.

Experience has shown, time and
again, that grocerymen and dealers
pass by any honey that is daubed on
the outside, or shows any broken comb
through the gla.ss. Yet these things
will always continue to be, so long as
freight men handle honey. The only
solution that seems near by is to en-
case each section in a little pasteboard
box made expressly for the purpose.
Take a walk with mo through the
commission houses of any of our large
cities, and you will see large quantities
of comb honey marketed in that shape,
and also that the breakage in necessary
handling is much less. Their cost is
trifling — less than one-half a cent each
by the thousand.

I think if the bee-men who took his
honey from the hive and boxed and
shipped whole crates without even
taking them apart to see if all were
nicely tilled, or scraping the sections
to make them more attractive, could
have heard the conversation between
the commission merchant and the pos-
sible purchaser, and heard his honey
offered at three and four cents per
pound less than nice honey in glassed
cases, he would have realized the ob-
ject lesson more fully than by reading
a whole volume of bee-literature.

Beauty in appearance is as impor-
tant as excellence in flavor to the suc-
cessful apiarist. If beauty and neat-
ness are necessary with comb honey,
they are no less important to ex-
tracted honey. As to the name ex-
tracted, I am not sure it is the best
available. For we must take into ac-
count the effect on the ear of the pro-
spective purchaser. On one occasion
the writer told a gentleman he had
some nice extracted honey for sale.

and was met with the reply— that he
wanted the pirn: article. Now many
iaj' "clear" honey,
an improvement on

(ierman people
and tliis may be
the old word.

Many people are met who say " we
never eat strainetl honey." On being
asked to explain, they say it "tastes
like molasses." Hut when a tine, heavy
sample of whit(U'Iover extracted honey
is shown them, the instant decision is
— "that is line," leading to the in-
evitable conclusion that some of our
bee-men in sending clear honey to
market, have not always been careful
to select well ripened white clover
honey. For as a matter of fact, one
hundred pcmnds of thin, strong, ex-
tracted honey will do any market
more harm than one thousand pounds
of an equal grade of comb. Why ?
Because everybody supposes that comb
honey is made by the bees, but the ex-
tracted honey partly or wholly by
men, and any imperfection in the
same is immediately charged to the
human ageucy, whether justly or not.
To be plain, the general public is sure
that lots of manufactured honey is on |
market. One gentleman in particular
said thousands of pounds of viade
honey were sold every year in the
cities.

When these people are asked to ex-
plain more particularly, they usually
admit they guessed about it, and when
the writer has explained about the
difi'erent causes that make honey bad
or unpleasant, they usually say — " well,
may be that is so." No greater curse
to the bee-keepers of our land can be
imagined than the much-written-about
wily lie.

The question to any one who sells
honey is — "Do you rear bees?" and
the assurance which we give them,
that we have 150 colonies ourselves,
makes it all right, and is a voucher
for the quality of the honey. Occa-
sionally men are met who will say,
"Why, honey is made now-a-days so
like the real, that you cannot tell it by
smell or taste." Such a man is onlj'
worthy to be classed with one who does
not believe he has a heart, nor that
George Washington or Napoleon ever
lived, and is consequently beyond
reach of all argument. I do not refer
to such, but to those great numbers of
people who love honey, but having
read in the paper that somewhere out
West — perhaps Chicago — even comb
honey is made, they are afraid to pur-
chase anywhere for fear of getting
some of that mixed stuff.

I am heart and soul with any move-
ment looking toward the severe pun-
ishment of any one who adulterates
clear honey, and thereby injures and
disgraces those who follow a most
honorable pursuit.

In marketing extracted honey, glass
receptacles are evidently best. Those
holding one-half pound, three-quarters,
and a pound are preferred by the
trade, as they can be sold for a small
amount of money. Large quantities
of honey are .sold each yi^ar to the
wholesale and retail druggists. Most
druggists prefer to furnish their own
receptacdes, but if not, the quart Mason
glass jar presents marked advantages
on account of its holding just three
pounds of good, thick honey. When
crystallized it is far easier to melt a
quart than a 60-pound can.

There is another method of retailing
clear honey which promises to lead in
the quantity that can be sold in a
given time and territory. Take a
quart Mason jar half full of white
clover honey, and a nice one-pound
section, if you please, and call at the
first house on any street of anj' town
you may mention. Rap or ring gently,
and on seeing a member of the family,
look pleasant and say, " Good morn-
ing" pleasantly, and without more
ado say, " Don't you wish me to bring
you some nice white clover honey this
day next week ?"

By this mode of address you surprise
and please them ; surprise them be-
cause in most cases they never saw a
sample of honey brought to their door,
and an order solicited ; please them,
because by your words you lift your-
self clear from the dreaded agent or
peddler. Then in a few words explain
your price, size of package and day of
delivery, at the same time inducing
the possible customer to get a tea-
spoon and taste the inviting and at-
tractive sweet. Each family furnish-
ing a clean te.a-spoon for themselves,
even the most particular have no ob-
jections. On the day appointed you
take your load of honey and little
book in which is recorded the name of
street and family, and number of
house, and deliver the honey to each
family that has ordered.

These days for delivering occur say
once a week, and are on different
streets each time. In four or five
months, or sooner, perhaps, give them
all a call again, and your old custo-
mers will greet j'ou with, "O, you're
•the honey man, ain't you ? Why did
you not come around before ?" If you
liappen to have a big pocket in your
coat, and put in a few cakes of nice
beeswax — which your better half has
kindly moulded for you in the family
gem-pans — so much the better, for
many families use beeswax to make
the irons smooth,and in sewing carpet,
and to make a salve. Also many a
dentist will be glad of your visit, for a
large amount of wax is used in mouth-
fitting yearly.

472

T'MB mmimmiemm mmm j@wmMmi^,

•■^^'■^'■^^^^-

Now in prosecuting this business,
one must not think it is devoid of un-
pleasant features ; such as some family
mistaking you for a peddler and slam-
ming the door quickly in your face ;
do not get mad, but rather pity the
family who has thus been deprived of
nature's choicest luxury.

Rockaway, Ohio.

MISSOURI.

Tbe Season and Condition of
the Bees — Queens.

Written for flie American Bee Journal

BY J. A. MAKSH.

I started this season with 1-3 colo-
nies, one having absconded. Soft
maple yielded honey on Christmas day.
One colony built about 24 square
inches of comb during January, in
which they put the finest maple syrup
I ever tasted. The}- did their own
boiling (as there was none being boiled
within 2 J miles), it being too clear for
the work of man ; also I had no hand
in it, except tapping the trees. Did
they '• digest" the water out ?

Fruit-bloom was scarce ; Gill-over-
the-ground short on account of floods,
but red-bud, black gum, buckeye and
honey-locust were good. Then white
clover was fine for about two weeks.
Horse-mint and sumac gave some sur-
plus, when basswood, of which there
are but few trees in this locality, was
very fine. My experience concerning
the best honey weather is the same as
last year, that is, wet and cool — not
clear, hot and dry, as most bee-men
seem to think — at least in this locality.

We have had very little cool, wet
weather here, also very little surplus
honey. I have had 15 swarms, the
first on May 22, earlier than any of
ray neighbors by two weeks. Swarm-
ing has been backward and very
moderate.

QCEEN-CELLS — JUST-HATCHED QUEENS.

On page 430, Mr. Doolittle gives
good advice about queen-cells and
just-hatched queens, but if he will
divide when the colony is nearlj'
readj- to swarm, and honey coming in
freely, he may place sealed or un-
>ealed queen-cells between the combs
■ >f a full colony or a two-frame nucleus
immediately after removing the old
'[ueen from the full colony, or after
forming nuclei from colonies having
queens, without fear of loss.

I introduced in May, when all my
colonies seemed bent on swarming,
and when honey was coming in freely,
seven queen-cells from an Italian
colony ; two were introduced to full
colonies, and five to two frame nuclei.

All except one hatched — the one which
failed was chilled, as there were too
few bees on the combs to protect it
and the brood ; however, they fastened
it to both combs, and did elaborate
work all over it until it appeared to
have been built there. I cut it out
three days after it should have hatched,
and found it dead. All my bees ex-
cept two were blacks, with a possible
trace of Italian blood, and having
black queens, knowing my introduced
cells would hatch before others which
they might build, I paid attention only
to those introduced until finding them
hatched would hunt them up, and I
know the}' were Italian, and that they
came from the introduced cell.s. Pos-
sibly I should add that these cells were
not all ripe — one of them was not
sealed.

I have had cells torn down, but un-
der difi"erent conditions from this lot,
which was the extent of m}- efforts
this year.

I will ask Mr. Uoolittle to be con-
siderate enough to try it when he finds
the conditions favorable. I do not
want the money he oflfers, but if he
were my near neighbor, I should cer-
tainly undertake to demonstrate these
facts with his bees.

My bees have now nothing except
winter-grape bloom to gather honej'
from, and in only mornings and even-
ings. The weather is very dry, the
mercury being at 104° in the shade on
June 26.

Scotia, Mo., June 28, 1890.

BEE-TALK.

Heat for Hatching — Stimulative
Feeding, Robbing, Ete.

Written for the Massachusetts Ploughman

BY L. F. ABBOTT.

We should keep in mind the fact that
the eggs of a (jueen-bee are developed
by heat just as are the eggs of a fowl.
Instinct leads the queen to restrict her
operations of egg-laying according to
the number and facility of workers to
maintain the proper degree of heat to
develop the eggs. With much waste
room in the hive when put upon the
summer stand during the cool days of
April, but narrow circles of brood will
fill the center of these on three combs
until such time as sufficient heat by in-
crease of numbers of bees and outside
temperature, will warrant the queen
to extend her operations.

Heretofore, we have made provision
for ventilation. This is unneces.sary
now — in fact, just the opposite course
should be pursued, and evei'y crevice
should be closed, and the quilts tucked
down around the frames with other
material added, so that none of the

heat generated by the climate can
escape.

These conditions may be maintained
with the differences of adding, about
the 10th of May (perhaps under some
conditions, earlier and again late)
frames containing empty combs, or
better, containing some capped honey,
which should be uncapped. When
eggs and brood are found on both sides
of all the combs, the center ones being-
pretty well filled, and a third of the
space occupied in the center frames, it
is well enough to add one or two empty
combs, according to the strength of
the colonj-.

1 should not recommend to the novice
under all conditions, to place the
emptj' combs in the center of the
brood-nest, as is frequentl}' advised.
If the condition of the brood is as
given above, and the outside frames
only partially filled with brood and
eggs, these (if the hive seems to be
quite well crowded with bees) might
be placed in the center of the brood-
nest, and the empty combs placed each
side of these. A colony increasing so
the queen has pretty fullj' occupied
four frames, will soon widen out her
operations, and when fruit bloom ar-
rives, find herself looking carefully
over eight or more frames ; but much
depends upon the season.

FEEDING BEES IN THE SPRING.

I am frequently asked if I favor
stimulative feeding in spring. I do
under certain conditions. Strong col-
onies will be benefitted by the practice
if judiciously fed, while weak ones will
be injured. I feel pretty confident that
it is harmful to feed any colon}' when
the weather is good — part of the time
it is so cold that the bees cannot fly
out pretty much all the day. This
would not apply with the same force
to the method of uncapping sealed
honey within the body of the hive, but
applies more particularly to feeding
liquid honey or syrup from the top of
the frames.

Stimulative feeding in April in this
latitude has done more harm than
good. Last year many days in the
first part of May were so cold that
bees could not leave their hives, only
for a short time in the middle of the
day. It is such weather when bi'ood-
rearing is under way, which retards
the increase of workers, thousands
from all the hives becoming chilled to
death.

A plan I have found convenient for
feeding, and answering another pur-
pose, is to have a feeder made with
compartments; mine have five of these,
and the feeder is as long as the frames
and wide enough to cover seven
frames. Spaces are left so that the
bees can come up to each of these

ntMM MMERICKPt PE© JOURNAL.

divisions — even one or all can be nsed,
as is needful. These feeders are about
21 inches high, and will hold, when
tilled, 10 or 12 pounds of syrup — con-
venient in fall feeding — or as small
amount as one chooses maj' be placed
in a single part. Bee-space is left un-
der tlie whole bottom of the feeder, so
that the bees can pass freely over the
tops of the frames beneath the feeder ;
thus taking the place of Hill's device
10 that end.

I place one of these feeders upon
each hive when putting in order for
wintei- in the fall, and any colonies
which seem to be likely to be short of
stores, may have a few pounds of sugar
syrup put into the central apartments
of the feeder, and the bees will always
cluster up inside and into the passages
of the feeder, if wintered in the cellar.
After carrying the hives out-of-doors
in spring, and looking them over, re-
moving the dead bees and clippings
of comb from thegbottom-board, re-
arranging the brood-nest, etc., if the
number of frames left with the two
division-boards are not as wide as the
feeder, one or more division-boards,
as the case may be, to make the whole
wide enough, are placed close up to
the side ones, the feeder placed on and
■ luilts and other packing material
tucked snugly around the whole. This
done, the hives will not need looking
after for two or three weeks, if it is
known the queens are right, which
should be one of the first things to ob-
serve in overhaiding the hives.

If queenless colonies are found, no
delay should be made in sending to
some bee-keeper farther South, and
procure a laying queen and introduce
at once, with the usual precautions.
But usually there is not much trouble
in having a queenless colony accept a
queen in early spring.

ROBBING IN THE SPEING.

One should be on his guard against
robbing in spring. Prevention is much
easier than cure. There is generally
the most trouble from robbing early in
spring before the blossoms have put
out very much, and the bees have little
to do but to " nose around " and kick
up a bobbery with their neighbors.
Generally, if the entrances are closed
so as to admit only two or three bees
at a time, and kept so from the time
they are first put on the stands, till
blossoms appear quite freely, and the
bees and something to dofmost colo-
nies will defend themselves against in-
truders, till blossoms in field and forest
call attention elsewhere.
Xivermore Falls, Maine.

MINNESOTA.

Our Win;

TVriUcn Jur
BY BRII

i'<l >ici'vaiils
ItiiKswood.

and I lie

llicA^nerlciui DccJminud

ANIA .1. LIVINGSTON.

ded, and just beginning to open on a
few of the tiees.

Our country is prairie, uitli a nar-
row belt of timber along the lakes,
running tlircc miles north of this place,
and as far south. We are nestled
down — the bees and I— on the east side
of the trees. If we do not prosper

On page HIO I wrote about our early j here in our new venture, it will not be

honey-flow. After May 2, the weather
changed — cold rains with high winds
set in, and, liy June 1, the bees had
consumed all the extra stores, an<l
could barely live. I fed inine at times,
all through June up to the 25th.

The country is yellow with mustard
— the result (jf Hax-culture for the past
three years, but, until the past week,
there was but little chance for the bees
to leave the hives, as it rained so much.
Four days the past week the mercury
has stood at 00 and 95^- above zero.
It has not rained until to-day, and our
winged servants have been busy and
happy.

I wrote before that my 8 colonies
came througli the winter finely. My
husband bought a " barrel of bees" of
a neighbor in April, paying $4.00 for
it. That made 9 colonies, spring
count. That " early honey-flow " gave
them such a start that I now have 20
colonies. Three of them are after-
swarms, but all have now fine laying
queens from my best yellow colony.

The first swarm was cast on May 27.
Spring opened so fair I thought that I
would amuse myself by a little exj)eri-
ment at queen-rearing. On May 12 I
had a frame with ten fine queen-cells
ready to hatch — but, alas, the weather
was so unfavorable that I did not dare
to make nuclei, as I had no bees to
.sacrifice on ray experiments, and so I
closed the hive with a sigh, and trusted
to the "survival of the fittest" to
mother the experimental hive. She
proved a beaut}' — the yellowest and
largest queen I have yet seen. She
commenced laying on May 25, which
we think is doing well for Minnesota.
I am only three miles from the south
line of this State. So my advantages
are more nearly like those of Iowa, for
bee-culture, I suppose, than Minnesota.

WORMS ON THE BASSWOOD.

Nature's fault. She has done her part.
Centre Chain, Minn., June 29, 1890.

A REVIEW.

PasI Expcrieiicei!) and Hrcsenl
Pro»|»ci'ts for a Crop.

Written fur tlie MlchUjan Furmer

BY GEO. E. HILTON.

W The Northern Illinois Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, will hold its fall meeting at Harlem, 111b.. on

Aug. 19, 1890. D. A. FDLLEK, SeC.

Some correspondents reported the
worms destroying the basswood at
Alexandria last j-ear. Now they are
reported at Mankato. When I read
that they were so near, I went out to
look over our grove. That was June
1, and I could find one here and there,
munching away on a very large bass-
wood leaf.

We have had so much rain that
vegetation is very rank. It does one's
eyes good to see the buds on our bass-
wood trees — they are so thickly bud-

Taking into consideration the open
winter.the season thus far in Michigan,
and in fact nearly all over the United
States, has been discouraging. The
open winter induced breeding, and a
consequent unusual consumption of
stores. This condition kept the intes-
tines of the bees constantly loaded so
that were they confined to the hive a
few daj's they suffered more than they
ordinarilj- would in as manj- weeks.
This accounts for so manj- colonies
dying after spring had fairly set in.

Fruit bloom was abundant, and
lasted a long time, but the atmospheric
conditions were not favorable to the
secretion of nectar ; then we have lost
' millions of bees at a time when we
can ill}- afl'ord to, by the ignorant, yes,
and malicious spraying of the trees
while in full bloom. Of course the
intelligent fruit-grower knows it does
no good to spray the trees until about
the time the bloom is falling, and at a
time when the bees have fulfilled the
mission the Creator intended for them.
I know of no other way to educate the
ignorant and malicious than to demand
legislation for the protection of our
property.

I notice some of our supervisors and
boards of review have no conscientious
scruples about levying even an enor-
mous tax upon us. I paid taxes on an
assessment of $950 on 100 colonies the
past season, and hold the receipts in
proof. Are we then not entitled to
protection ? I say yes, and shall ex-
pect at our next State convention to
see measures taken to secure it.

Since fruit bloom I never saw such
a dearth of nectar. Vegetation seemed
to suspend operations, and now at this
writing, June 20, the raspberry, black-
berry ami white clover are all upon us
at once with only half as many bees as
a rule in the hives as there should be.
and would otherwise have been to
gather the harvest. Man} colonies
have starved or dwindled during the

474

THE miyiBmiiQmM mm.m jQJJTtmmi^.

the latter part of May and the first of
June. In some parts of Iowa, Illinois,
Ohio and Kentucky whole apiaries
have been swept away by devastating
floods. New Yorlv and adjoining
States have suffered heavy losses from
cellar wintering, and on the whole a
dark cloud covers the horizon of the
bee-keeper.

But do not be discouraged ; it has a
silver lining. The markets have not
been so denuded in years ; the demand
for honey is upon us before we have it
gathered ; (juick sales at good prices
are a stimulus to do our best. Let us
double up our sealed brood and make
one good colony from two medium
ones. When they swarm give the
brood to weak colonies having a queen,
and before the season is half gone we
will have our colonies strong, and a
fair crop of honey, with but little out-
lay for hives and fixtures. Never mind
the increase ; get the honey first, tlien
if you niu.st have increase, make it
later. I know this is not a policy
stand-point for a supply dealer, but I
believe it will bring the greatest good
to the greatest number. So let us
trust in God, friends, and keep our
dislies right side up, and He may yet
send us such a flow of honey that "we
will be put to our wits' end to care
for it.

Fremont, Mich.

SWARMING.

Preparing the Hivesi, Hiving the
Sivarnis, etc.

Written for the Prairie Farmer

BY MRS. L. HARRISON.

The exact time for the issuing of a
swarm cannot be determined with
certainty. If on the morning of a still
warm day, when honey is coming in
freely, few bees are seen to leave the
hive. When bees from other hives are
freely flying, a swarm may confidently
be expected ; but let the weather sud-
denly change, all preparations for
swarming may suddenly cease, even
after their haversacks are packed for
their journey.

Everything should be in readiness
for the hiving of swarms, and soon as
they rre clustered. Hives should be
clean, and free from disagreeable
odors, and be cool; if the hive has
been setting in the sun, and very hot,
bees may leave it. The old custom of
washing out the hive with salt water
and apple leaves may not be necessary,
but the bees no doubt enjoyed the de-
licious freshness, and coolness.
. When I hive a swarm, although the
hive may be clean, I prefer to dash in
a bucket of cool water, to rinse out

dust that may
give it an air
time, I had a
its hive, day
monotonous ;
as I supposed
they would,
hived Ihem in
remained.

have accumulated, and

of freshness. At one

swarm repeatedly leave

after day, until it grew

the hive was clean, and

all right, but leave it

I grew desperate, and

another hive, and they

The thought struck me that I had
better see why those bees swarmed (jut.
The hive in question had never been
used before, and the flight entrance ex-
tending across the front of the hive
was so small that the bees could barely
enter, and the bees swarmed out
rather than smother. They did not
want to leave, but clustered day after
day. Those who hive their swarms in
clean, cool hives, with sufficient venti-
lation, and protect them from the rays
of the sun, will have few tales to tell
of swarms absconding ; bees know
when they are well treated, and ap-
preciate it.

CONVENIENCES FOR HIVING.

Bees will cluster on a limb of a tree,
which can be either cut or sawed oft',
carried to a hive and the bees shook
ofi", which they will enter. But it is
not always poetrj' like this ; there are
other contingencies that we must be
prepared to meet, like swarms cluster-
ing in the tops of high trees, or on
their trunks where they cannot be dis-
lodged, on fences, grape stakes, etc.
Sometimes the cost of hiving is more
than the swarm is worth, proxided
there are no conveniences at hand, to
lighten the labor.

Mr. Manum, of Vermont, has my
thanks, and should have those of all
women, for his contrivance for hiving
swarms. It consists of a wire basket
attached to a long pole, which is light
and convenient. By standing on a
chair, I have been able to reach
swarms with it, that I could not possibly
have saved without the aid of ladders.
By placing the basket under the cluster,
and giving it a sudden jar, the bees
fall into it. As the queen is generally
on the outside of it, many times she
will be secured, and by standing the
basket near, the rest soon follow. A
peach basket fitted on the end of a
pole, would many times prove a
blessing.

When many bees are kept, low-grow-
ing trees, like peach and May cherries,
are a desideratum. Large forest trees
are not desirable. I know a farmer
who keeps his bees near a large oak,
and his children told me that they had
hard work to get the bees down from
it, and now when they see a swarm
issuing, they throw water to wet their
wings so they cannot fly so high.

Peoria, Ills.

CALIFORNIA.

Honey -Producing Plants and
Trees in the Sierras.

WriUcnfor the California Rural Press

BY S. L. WATKINS.

Nowhere, perhaps, in the world is
there a greater diversity of honey-
producing plants and trees than in the
Sierra Nevada mountains. Here thou-
sands of bee-flowers bloom in lavish
abundance ten months in the year,
thus giving the bees, as it were, almost
a perpetual feast.

Long after the bloom of the valleys
and foot-hills have ended, the wild
bees of the mountains rove and revel
through these virgin wildernesses,
which furnish a floral chain of succes-
sive bloom. The inviting openness of
the Sierra woods is one of their most
distinguishing characteristics ; here
and there the w^ods are diversified
with countless garden openings or wild
meadows, many of which are perfect
paradises for bee-keepers.

A description of Pea-Vine Valley,
which I visited in 1887, will not come
amiss here :

After traveling several hours through
a heavily timbered section of countrj-,
the valley itself suddenl}- burst on our
view like a scene of enchantment ; on
either side lofty mountains arose, in-
closing it like a frame — and what a
splendid frame they compose, those
colossal mountains in their rich variety
of form and coloring — here shining out
like molten silver, there changing to a
dark bronze, covered lower down with
various shades of green ; and with the
crimson and purple and violet, and
bright yellow, dazzling white, and
azure, of the millions of wild roses,
ceanothus, rhododendrons, flowering
dogwood, and other flowering plants,
from among which arose the stately
sugar-pines, fully 200 feet in height,
with their majestic green turbans
towering like Sultan's heads above the
luxuriance of the surrounding forest.

Numerous wild bees hummed and
quivered around the scented blossoms,
imparting a cheerfulness to the wild
scene. Humming-birds, resplendent
in their gorgeous colors, shot through
the air like animated fragments of a
prism. The air was spiced with the
pungent odor of a thousand aromatic
shrubs and_plants, and seemed to ex-
hilarate anW give new energy to all
who breathed this perfumed air.

Every tree, branch and shrub was a
perfect mass of bloom and blossom,
and in the clear, elastic atmosphere
was fairly sparkling in its own vivid
glorious coloring. Here we found
growing in tropical luxuriance and
beauty, thousands and millions of

TTHE? mm^BMJCKU KEB JOURNKIU.

475

^^^^ ^* ^ A^^^A^ A ^ A ^ A^ A^^ A^ A^^^ A^*.^^— ■^^■.^— ■^.».*.».*— .*i^^.».*

<-;irdiDal flowers, snowdrops, lilies,
lupines, larkspurs, verbenas, penny-
ri)y;vl, lireweed, virgin's bower, lioney-
suekle, coluinbiue, Califurniii poppy,
Indian cress, jewel weed, wild buck-
wheat, collinsia, wild mustard, Mexi-
can clover, snow-plants ami hundreds
of less conspicuous honey-plants.

A small, silvery stream wended its
way tlirough the vallej- ; it was mar-
gined with a thickset growth of black
alders, willows, maples, wild plum and
cherry, buckthorn, and several differ-
ent varieties of dogwood ; while occa-
sionally here and there arose the sur-
passingly beautiful madrona tree.
Higher up the valle}' we found a small
lava field destitute of trees and shrubs,
but clothed with a carpet of golden
conipositai clover, and several different
varieties of mint.

At the base of the mountain we
found growing chestnut oak, live oak,
California lilac, manzanita, chaemeiss,
adenostaua,beds of dwai'f pholx,hulsea.
potentille, and golden-rod : while
looming far overhead were groves of
ari'ow}' silver firs and incense cedars,
rich in both pollen and honey-dew.

This valley would be a ver}^ paradise
for bee-keepers, but it is no exception ;
there are thousands of others like it in
the upper Sierras, which are as j'et
almost untouched, save by wild bees.
Fi-om 4,000 to 5,000 feet elevation is
the grand bee-zone of the Sierras. The
t'limate at this elevation admits of the
making of permanent homes, for here
are successfully grown the best of
apples and pears. Peaches, plums,
cherries, grapes, and numerous small
fruits thrive well. Melons, pumpkins,
tomatoes, potatoes, corn, etc., grow to
perfection.

ROTATION OF CALIFORNIA BLOOM.

The black alder is the first honey
and pollen producing tree of any im-
portance in early spring. In our sec-
tion it generally commences blooming
about the first of January, and furnishes
a profusion of bloom for about two
weeks.

The various species of willows next
make their appearance, and furnish- an
unlimited quantity of pollen for brood-
rearing. Some seasons, willows yield
considerable hone}'.

Manzanitas begin blooming about
the first of February. They are excel-
lent honey-yielders, and if we had the
number of bees in the hives that we
have about the first of June, to work
on the manzanita bloom, we should
get considerable honey from that
source. Chaparral, in certain seasons,
yields considerable honey and pollen.
It blooms at about the same time that
the manzanita does. Possibly if it
bloomed before or after the manzanita,
the bees would pay more attention to it.

Wild jiluni and cherry commence
Idooniiug abiuit the first of April, but
the bloom is of such short duration
that I am inclined to believe that they
do not get nuich honey from it.

The various species of maples com-
mence blooming about the middle of
April, and bees reap a rich harvest
from this source. The bloom lasts for
about two weeks.

Dogwood commences blooming about
the same time, l)ut it is not much of a
honey-yielder.

California lilac begins blooming the
latter part of April, and furnishes a
vast profusion of bloom. The honey
gathered from tliis plant is of an excel-
lent quality and of a sparkling clear-
ness. California lilac is one of the
most important hone3'-jielders of the
Sierras. The bloom generally- lasts
about three weeks.

Wild coftee yields considerable
honey ; it commences blooming about
the first of May and blooms about six
weeks. The honey from this source is
dark and of inferior quality.

By the middle of May, plant-life has
fairl}' reached its hight ; then the up-
land meadows are painted with the
various colored blooms of the lark-
spur, meliotns. collinsia, verbena,
lilies, lupines, clover, monardella, wall-
flowers, Indian cress, etc., all of which
are excellent honey-plants. This ocean
of bloom of the various wild-flowers
lasts about a mouth.

About the middle of May the folocio
(Chammhalia foliolosaj, a little shrub
with a fern-shaped leaf and a little
white blossom, somewhat resembling
the strawberry- blossom, begins to
bloom. It is a splendid honey-plant,
and yields large quantities of honey
everj' season.

The wild snow-drop begins to bloom
about the first of June, and sends the
bees out in large numbers early in the
morning ; it continues to bloom for
over a month.

The wild holly and California buck-
eye furnish considerable honey in cer-
tain seasons. One season I obtained
almost 50 pounds to the colony, of
holly honey.

In July and August, the various
sjSecies of mints keep the bees busy the
entire day, and furnish enough honey
to keep brood-rearing going on lively.

In September, a species of hartshorn
furnishes considerable honey. The dif-
ferent species of golden-rod commence
blooming in September, and furnish a
profusion of bloom until frost comes.

In October, the incense-cedar fur-
nishes vast quantities of honey, and
keeps the bees roaring as if they were
robbing instead of honey-gathering.
The honey gathered from this source
is splendid ; it has a greater density
than anj- sage honey, and it never

candies. When bees arc gathering
this honey, they cap the cells with wax
of a snowy whiteness, which gives the
honey a very beautiful a]>pearance. It
is impossilile to extract tliis kind of
honey, as the density is so gr(!at that
the combs would be torn to pieces be-
fore it would come out. I have had
colonies of hybrid bees that stored 150
pounds of comb honey in six weeks,
all gatliered from this source.

The bee-pastures of the .Sierras are
better; all things considered, than
those of the southern portion of Cali-
fornia. The drj' seasons do not have
as much effect on the bloom here as
there ; we never have occasion to feed
bees ; they always gather sufficient to
winter on.

Grizzly Flats, Calif.

COIVVEXTIOIV DIRECTORY.

1890, Time and place of meeting.

July 17.— Carolina, at Charlotte, N, C,

N. P. Lyles, Sec, Derita N. C.

Aug, 19.— Northern Illinois, at Harlem, Ills.

D, A, Fuller, Sec , Cherry Valley, Ills.

Aug, 29.— Ilaldinianfl, at South Cavuga, Ont,

B, C, Campbell. Sec, Cayuga, Ont.

Sept 10,— Ionia County, at Ionia, Mich.

H. Smith. Sec . Ionia, Mit-h.

Oct. 29-31.— International American, at Keoltuk, la.

C. P. Dadant, sec, Hamilton, Ills.

Oct.— Missouri State, at Mexico, Mo.

J. W. Rouse, Sec, Santa Fe, Mo.

In order to have this table complete,

Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future lueetiug, — The Editor,

International Bee-Association.

President- Hon. K. L. Ta.vlor. Lapeer. Mich,
Secret.vrv— ('. P. Dadant Hamilton. Ills.

ITational Bee-Keepers' Union.

President— James Heddon ..Dowagiac, Mich,
Sec'v, and M.tNAGER— T, G, Newman, Chicago,

10 4//t A^& T^mt^W

?^

Svirarininsr L>ate — Storing Honey.

Bees are in good condition here this year,
but swarming is late, I started with one
colony last year, and this year I bought 2
more — now I have 7 strong colonies, some
of which are storing honey, and some are
not, I had 2 swarms on June 24,

Bert Vi.iger,

Molina, Ills,, June 37, 1890.

Poor Season in Wasliinsrton.

I have lost 8 colonies of bees this winter,
and those left have not swarmed yet. They
are are two months later this year than
last year. Too much rain is the trouble, I
think. After 25 years ot work among the
bees, I feel somewhat discouraged, but I
will not give it up j-et. I am glad the
editor reminded me of Rev, L, L. Lang-
stroth, I sent him a letter to-day. Wake
up, bee-keepers, in this important matter

JOUS BOERSTLER.

Vashon, Wash,, June 25, 1890.

476

T«E aiMERicMi* mmu jO'^r^mmmi^.

fc*^*^*^*^*^*^*-^*-**^*-* *--^±^-*_f^ "^ '^L:f:_f^.*'^^^^^-^^A^.^^'*'^*^-^^^^

Colonies Strong: in Hees.

Bees have wintered well here lioth iu-
doors and out. The colonies are the strong-
est I have ever seen them Drones were
flying on May 1, and bees commenced to
swarm on May 20. It is a month, or more,
earlier than usual. J. M. C.^KiiiTT.

Ute. Iowa, June 38, 1890.

Tery l>ittle Honey Ciatliered.

My bees are doing nothing as yet. I
have some colonies not as good now as
when I took them out of the cellar. We
have had about a week of nice, warm, dry
weather, and white clover is in full bloom,
but very little honey is gathered. Most of
mj' fellow bee keepers are in the same fix,
so far as I have talked with them. This is
the foui-th season that has been almost a
failure. David H. WuHiHT.

Madison, Wis., June 30, 1890.

I^arge Crop— AltallU Clover.

The honej' crop here will be large. Since
the introduction of alfalfa clover here, bees
do well. I fear the market will be over-
stocked. This dry climate is good for fine
white comb honey. H. E. Enoi.ish.

Greelev, Colo.

white clover, from which the honey-bees no
doubt would gather great stores of honey.
Now, what shall we name this new variety
of clover * Can you give it a suitable
name '. Since writing my letter on page
333, it has been very cold and windy here,
but at present it has changed for the better.
White clover is in full bloom, and the bees
are working with full force. Geo Fket.
Geneseo, Ills., June 3, 1890.

[Alsike clover (TrifoUum rcpens) is a
hybrid between the red and white clovers,
possessing qualities common to both, and
the flowers are a distinct light pink. May
not the flowers you sent be Alsike clover !
They appear much like it, though wilted
and dried. This letter would have appeared
several weeks ago, but was mislaid during
the rush of June. — Ed.1

No Honey from Wliile Clover.

The honey crop will be a failure here.
White clover furnished no honey, and if the
fall flowers do no better, bees will not get
enough to winter on. The cause is too
much rain. L. HioHis.^iuiER.

Leaf River, Ills., July 1, 1890.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

Keepinsf Bee!< tor Protit.

I handle bees for recreation and the
profit I derive from them. I obtained
1,500 pounds from 11 colonies last year.
I have at present 20 colonies in excellent
condition. They are now storing honey
very rapidlj' from basswood. It is very
plentiful in my neighborhood. It, white
clover and the fall asters are my staple
honey-plants. Golden-rod yields honey
here. R. B. Schofield, M. D.

Newark, Mo., June 24, 1890.

I^arsre Honey <^ro|» Kxpectcd.

I shall look for the largest crop of white
clover honey that I ever obtained, if the
weather continues favorable, as my bees
have begun storing in the sections, and
there has not been so much clover bloom
here for five or six years as there is now :
but my bees are a little behind in breeding
up, owing to the e.'icessive cold rains be-
tween fruit-bloom and the beginning of the
clover bloom. A. Woktiun.

Seafield, Ind., June 16, 1890.

Colonies Weak and Starving;.

Bees in this part of the world are very
weak. We have had a very wet and cold
spring, and until within the last few days
bees have been starving, or about so. I
have been feeding for a long time. I have
about 2-10 colonies, and am in hopes of
getting some honey after a while.

W. J. PicK.vur).

Richland Center, Wis., July 1, 1890.

■tees liaveCbeen Nearly Starvinsf.

Bees are doing well now in this vicinity
but they have been on the border land of
starvation — brood-rearing, from lack of
stimulative feeding, had ceased. The cold,
wet weather is what gave us, who did not
keep the queen busy, the set-back. There
is but little swarming yet.

George Simti.er.

Mosiertown, Pa., June 39, 1890.

Kees Doings: Splendidly.

I am a beginner in the bee-business. I
started with 13 colonies the past spi-ing,
and have 31 now; they are doing splen-
didly. I have seen the Amehkan Bee
Journal, and the first dollars' worth of
honey I have sold goes to pay for it for a
year, for I need it badly.

S. A. Davenport.

Roseville, Ills., July 1, 1890.

Hybrid Clover.

Fkiend Newman : — Enclosed you will
find some clover, which I plucked along the
roadside to-day. As you will see (if not
too badly wilted) it is a cross between the
red and white clover ; the stalk growing
and stooling about as rank as the red
clover, while the blossom, which has a red
tinge, resembles the white clover. This
must have been crossed by the bees, while
gathering honey and pollen during the
previous year from the red and white
clover. If such clover seed could be gotten,
I think that it would be the coming clover
for beemen, if not for stock-feeders, as it
produces about as much fodder as the red
clover, and at the same time producing a
smaller blossom, resembling that of the

Our Clubbing List.— We have now made
arrangements with publishers of metropolitan
Weekly Newspapers, by which we can club
them at the very low prices quoted in the
IiAST column, without premiums. The regu-
lar price of both is given in the first column.
One year's subscription for this Journal
must be sent with each order for another
paper :

Price of both.

Chicago Inter-Ocean $2.00

Chicago Times 2.00

Chicago Globe 2.00

Chicago News 2.00

Chicago Herald 2.00

Philadelphia Practical Farmer 2.00

New York World 2.00

Toledo Blade 2.00

The Lever (Temperance) 2.00

NEW YORK, June .5.— There is no comb
honey on the market, but a small stock of
basswood extracted and Calilornia; uew South-
ern extracted is arri\ing. but the quality is
mostly inferior. We quote: Extracted bass-
wood and California. 7c; Southern, 65@70c
per gallon. Beeswax, scarce at 26®28c.
HILDRETH BEOS. & SEGELKEN,

2830 West Broadway.

CHICAGO, June 4.— Demand continues good
for strictly white clover honey, and our re-
ceipts are being taken as fast as they arrive.
What little stock we have, consists of buck-
wheat in 1 and 2-lb. sections, which is dull
and slow sale. Wegucite; White clover 1-lbs.,
12H®13'/ic; buckwheat. 7(a!.9c. Beeswax very
scarce at 25®26c tor bright, and 2.3@24c for
dark. S. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, June 19.~We received to-
day the first shipment of new comb honey
from Independence, Mo.— nice white 1-pound
sections, put up in handsome white crates
holding 12 sections each. It sells at 15@16c

Ser pound. Extracted, white, 5(56c; dark, 5c.
;eeswax, 25c.

CLEMONS, CLOON & CO.,

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

CHICAGO. June 3.— Demand is now very
light for comb honey, and will be for the
ensuing two months. There is not much on
the market, and very little of it is in desirable
shape for the retail ti arte, being in supers and
just as removed from the hive. Best brings
13@14c, and off-grades about 10c. Extracted,
6@8e. Beeswax, yellow, 27@28c.

E. A. BDENETT, 161 S. Water St.

MILWAUKEE, June 2. — The market lor
honey is in a fair condition. The old stock is
getting out of sight, and values are sustained
on choice qualities. We quote: Choice white
1-lb. sections. 13@14c; medium 1-lbs., ll@12c;
dark 1-lbs., 9@10c; 2-lbs., normal. Extracted,
in barrels and half barrels, white, 7®8c; dark,
6®6!4c. Beeswax. 26@30c.

A. V. BISHOP. 142 W. Water St.

DETEOIT, June 3.— Best white comb honey,
13@14c; other grades, 10@13c. Extracted,
slow demand at 7@8c. Beeswax, 27@28c.

M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch, Mich.

KANSAS CITY, June 13.— Market cleaned
up on old comb and extracted, and new crop
of comb arriving. We quote: White 1-lbs.,
15c; dark, ll®12c; white2-lbs., 12®13c; dark,
10@llc. Extracted, white. 6@7c; dark, 5c.
HAMBLIN & BEAESS, 514 Walnut St.

BOSTON, June 19.— Fancy 1-lbs.. 16c; 2-lbs.,
15c. Extracted, 8@9c. Honey sales are very
slow. We have recently received a shipment
from Michigan, of very flue stock, which is an
ample supply for us for the summer.

BLAKE & EIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.

CINCINNATI, June 10.— Demand for comb
honey is slow, and prices nominal. There is
but little on the market. Extracted honev is
in good demand at 5@8c. according to quality.
We bought to-day the first 4,000 pounds of
uew extracted clover honey.

Beeswa,x is in good demand at 24@28c. for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH & SON.
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

Club.

$1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75

Clubs for anything in our Premium
List may be for either of our Joirnals, or
for any number of either or both of them.

Uee-Keeping: tor Protit, by Dr.

G. L. Tinker, is a new oO-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee management in producing comb and
extracted honey, and the construction of
the hive bestadapted to it— his "Nonpareil."
The book can be had at this office for 25c.

READERS

or tills Journal wrbo
ivrite to any of our
advertisers, eltber in
ordering, or asking about the Goods
offered, will please state tliat tliey aa.\e
the Advertisement in this paper.

THE^ KME^RICSIH BE^E; JOURNAL,

47 7

WMSmmm*

.«I.PRI-:i> II. I'VKW.^IAIV,

BrSINESS MANAOKR.

ZZXZXZZXXZZZZXZXXZZZ]

business Notices.

' Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should uotify us at once.

Its" Money in Potatoes, by Mr. Joseph
Greiner. Price, 25 cents, postpaid. For sale
at this office.

US" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

US" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 35 cents per ounce, by express.

1^" Send us two new subscriptions, with
$3.00, and we will present you with a
" Globe " Bee-Veil for your trouble. (See
the fuller notice in the advertising col-
umns.)

It^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

I®~ Please send us the names of j'our
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

Its" Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jour-
nal at $1.85 for the two; or with both our
Home Journal and Bee JouRN.iL for $2.50
for all three papers.

|1^~ As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write American Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

It^" Systematic work in the Apiary wUl
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices:

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $1 00

'• 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 2.5

■' 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

t^ When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Jour^l to him, and
taking his subscription to R-nd with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book,
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

tW A " Binder-" made especially for
the Amehkjan Bee Journal, and lettered
in gold, makes a very convenient way of
preserving the copies of the Bee Journal
as fast as they are received. We offer it,
postpaid, tor 60 cents ; or as a premium for
two new subscriptions, with $2.00. It can-
not be mailed to Canada.

CATARRH.

CATARRHAL DEAFNESS-HAY FEVER.
A ^t^w Home Treatment.

Sufferers an- not generally aware that
these diseases are contagious, or that they
are due to the jiresence of living parasites
in the lining membrane of the nose and
eustachian tubes. Microscopic research,
however, has jiroved this to be a fact, and
the result of this discovery is that a simple
remedy has been formulated whereby
catarrh, catarrhal deafness and hay fever
are i)ermauently cured in from one to three
simple applications made at home by the
patient once in two weeks.

N. B. — This treatment is not a snuff or an
ointment; both have been discarded by
reputable phj-sicians as injurious. A
pamphlet explaining this new treatment is
sent free on receipt of stamp to pay pos-
tage, by A. H. Di.KOu & Son, 337 and 339
West King Street, Toronto, Canada.—
Cliristian Advocate.

Sufferers from Catarrhal troubles should
carefully read the above.
50E26t Imly.

(yliapinan lloney-Plant !$«ed.—

This plant has l)een commended by some of
the most experienced bee keepers in
America, as lieiug " a most valuable acqui-
sition to the list of bee-forage plants." The
seed may be scattered in waste places, or
it may be sown in drills or hills like onion
seed. We can furnish the seed, post-paid,
at the following prices: Single ounce, 40
cents; 4 ounces, SI. 00; 10 ounces, $2.00;
or one pound for $3.00.

4t"i<^l< %Vork. — I i-eceived the Globe
Bee-Veil to day, and I am well pleased with
it. I am also very much pleased -with the
quick delivery of goods. I received them
in two days and a half after the money
was sent. — Bert Viager, Moline, Ills.

B^" T^e next meeting of the Ciirolina Bee' Keep-
era' Association will be held in Charlotte, N. C uu
Thursday. July 17, lMyi_t. N. P. LVLES, Sec.

I STILL have on hand about 20,000 strictly
choice. No. 1. smooth, white, SECTIONS.
Size, 4x.") ami .5x()Xl 15-16— open top and bot-
tom. Price. $2.(10 per crate— $:3. 75 per 1,000
CiRO. n. TEKUELIi, Jerseyville, Ill».
28Alt

"A Year Among the Bees"

BEING

A talk about someofthe Implements, Plans

and PractUx-n of a Bee-Kceper of 25

years' experience, who has for 8

years made the Production

of Honeu his Exclusive

Business.

By Dr. C. C. MILLER.

Its descriptions commence with the neces-
sary work in the spring, and run through the
entire Year, dotuiling the methods of doing, as
well as telling wlien to do, all ttiat should be
done in the apiary. It contains 114 pages, and
is nicely bound in cloth.

«^ Price, 50 cents, by Mail^

Or it will be Clubbed with the American Bee
Journal for one year, for only $1.35.

THOMAS O. KEVmUm & SON,

'40 East Madisou Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

COMBINED

Al'IL, VISE m DRILL

The Handiest Tool in Use about a
FARM, SHOP, OFFICE OS HOUSE

Price, Complete, 14.00.

The Drill Attachment can be put on or taken
off instantly. Farmeis especially will find ft
of great convenience to be able to drill a hole
through a piece of Iron without making a trip
to town. The Anvil and Vise combine strength
and durability, the whole making one of the
most complete and useful tools. Width of
Jaw, I'J, inches.

THOMAS O. KEWMAN b SOTSl,

246 East Mailison Street. - CHICAGO, ILL.

ITALIM Queens I

Tested, $1.00 each; Untested, 75 ols.
Address, C. A. BUNCH, Nve, MarshallCc, Ind
2tiA:!t

From Best
of Stock.

Pails ^ for ^ Honey

rj'^HKY are made of the

J~ best quality of clear,
flint glass, with a bail an.l
a metal top and cover
When filled with honey,
tliej- are very attractive
in appearance. They can
be used for household
purposes by consumers,
after the honey is removed
—or they can be returned
to and re-filled by the
apiarist.
Prices are as follows :

To hold 1 pound of honey per dozen $1.60

" 2 pounds ■ ■• .... 2.00
•' 3 ■• •■ " 2.50

THOIIIAS ti. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL,

rHPlP *'<*'* f'ASH-Young Tested Italian
VlIlJlll Queens. One Queen, $1.25; per half
doz.. *i> ; one .select tested, $1.50 ; one untested,
60c: half doz.. $3..30. Guarantee safe arrival.
D. E. ALDEKM AN, Clinton, Sampson Co., N.C.
28Alt

HOIY ALMAMC ! !

T U8T the thlag needed to create a demand for
" HONEY at home. Bee-keepers should scatter
it freely. It shows the uses of Honey for Medicine,
Eating. DrinkinR. Cooking, for making Cosmetics
Vinegar, etc. : also uses of BEESWAX. Price, 5 cts. ;
25 copies for |l. 10 ; 50 copies. $1.70; 75 copies. $2.30;
KM) for i2.iM). The foregoing are POSTPAID prices :
following are prices when sent by express or freight ;
100 for $2.50; 500 for $10.00: I.OOO for $15.00. The
Bee-Keeper's CARD will be printed on the first page
without extra cost, when 25 or more are ordered at
one time. Address,

THO$. G. NEMTUAN A: SON,
246 East Madison St.. - CHICAGO. ILL

478

T'H®; MBdMKICMH WMM; J)@lJRr*.MI<o

^^-^■^■^^-■■■^^.^^■^^-^^^^^-^^•^fc-jSj^*^--*-^^*'*^*^'-*-^'^'^-^'^-^^'-'^^*^'^^*'^'^^-*-^^^

^QUARE }|ONEY QaNS

The above illustratiou shows the CO pound
Squake Honey Cans which are becoming
quite popular for shipping extracted honey.
They are enclosed in
.a solid case of wood,
land the boxes contain
either one or two Cans
s may be preferred.
We can furnish them
, at the following prices,
with a IJ^-inch Screw
I Cap in the corner of
leach Can.

For the convenience
llof -digging out candied
honey, we can furnish
these Cans with an
additional four-inch Screw Cap for 5 cents
extra on each Can.

1 Single Can (boxed) ■'? .45

12 " Cans... " 5.00

100 " "... " 40.00

1 box of two Cans 75

12 boxes " 8.40

100 " " 65.00

THOMAS G. NEWMAN b SOU,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILX.

Choicest Italian

QUEEXS!

Purely bred — Purely

.MATED. VVou first prem-
ium over all competitors
at Buffalo Interuational,
September, 1889. No.ne Better in America I
Send for Priee-List. Order early.
loAtf E. ». KEE\EV. hiiporler and Brfeder, Srrade, J. T.
Mention the American Bee Jimmal.

PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION

HAS NO SAG IN BKOOU FKAITIES.

THIN FLAT BOTTOM FOUNDATION

lla^iko Fi!!ili-b«>ii«' in Surplus Honey.

Being the clesinesl is usually worked

■ the quickesi of any Foundation made.

J, VAN DEDSEN A: SONS,

Sole Manufacturers.

Sprout Brook. Montgomery Co., N. Y.

Mention the American Dee JoumnJ

Jones' Frame Pliers.

FOR taking frames out of hives, or
moving them in any way desired. It ia
made of Japanned iron, and can be uti ized
in many ways. It has a long claw for looB-
enlne frames, and a hook which maybe used
tor carryinior other frames besides the one
held by the Pliers. Price, 40 cents., by mail.
By express, 30 cents.

THOS. G. NE-WTTIAN & SON,
246 East Madison St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

Tested (liieensflieap

During: the Swurmiuf!- Seasou. Prolitic (,Uieons.
producing all tliree-baiided work<'rs, -f^l.OO
each; a tor J4.00.
:2TA2t J. .I.GREEN, Dayton, Ills.

Mention the A.mcrican Bee Jounud.

$1

i\M\ ^^ G01.D can he had; 11.00 bill sent

,V"v us will bring' j'<

/ou in reuirn, i)rc|)aid,
a Golden Box containing 30 useful articles,
together with $20.00 in C Money. A sure
thing. Address, ART AGENCY,
OM.".!— •2-lA6t Box <J.J0, Circlcville, Ohio.

Mention the A.merican Dee Journal.

Ill Tli/ii.n I OneUntestedItalianQuccu,7.jc.,
nil, I llrl (J 1 .3 for $3.00 ; Tested, $1.50. One
Uutested Carniohin Queen, $1.00, .•H'or $3.."i0 ;
Tested, $'2.00. Bees by the pound iuid Nucleus.
Send for Price-List. Rcl'creuce— First. N:iti(>u:il
Bank. H. G. FRAME, North Manchester, lud.
22Etf
Mentioii the American Bee Jounuil.

RFF-SUPPLIES-^Hr

m3 b Ba We turnish Everything needed
in the Apiary, of practical con-
struction, and at the lowest price. Satisfac-
tion guaranteed. Send for our 40-page illus-
trated Catalogue— free to all. Address,

E. Kretelinicr, Red Oak, Iowa.

oAOt— 14E9t

Mention the American Bee Journal.

PARNIOLAN l?rVd^r!.o1^in«g1^?

I sou from Imported Mothers, will be ready
V_^ to send out the l»t of June. Send for
free Circular, to JOHN ANDKEWS, Pattens
Mills, Wash. Co., N. Y. lOEtt

TIlA kl-ifflltpvt "'-iKni'l^-'d. Golden ITALIA:
IIK OllgllirM BcH-s and Queens, and th

.\N
i^iiui tii jiccs aim queens, niia tlie
Reddest DRONES. Very gentle; very pro-
lific: good honev-guthcrers— working on red
clover— and the MOST I{u,,,|Hfiil BEES in e.x-
istence! Took First WvoUlllUI Prcmluni
at Michigan State P'air in 1889. Samples, .'ic,
and money returned it » hey are not e.vtra nice.
Untested Queens. .$1.00; si.\ for $5.00.
Tested (at least :i bands), $:i.00 ; Selected, tested
(4 bands) $4; Breeding Queens (4 to ."> bands),
$7.00. Virgin Queens, 50 cents; 5 for $'J.00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction guaraiUccd.
JACOB T. 'I'lMPE,
18E8t Grand Ledao, Itlicli.

1890 ITALIAN (jUEENS 1890

SIX young Queens, warranted purely-mated
for $5.00. Euglisli Rabbits. $1.00 per pair.
Mammoth Bronze Tiirkev Eggs, ,25c.; 9 tor
$2.00. Write for Circular.
14Etf J. T. WILSON, Little Hickman, Ky.

From June J O
to Ott. 1.

ITALIAN (jUEENS

^ Why You Should Purchase of Wood !

HE has had many yeurs' experience. His
Queen-Cells are built in full colonics.
He uses no Lamp-Nursery. He is located
where there are no black bees, and where foul
brood never existed. Fully 95 per cent, of his
Queens prove purely-mated. He fills orders
promptly. His old customers nearly all jiur-
chase of him. He warrants every Queen equal
to those of any flrst-chiss breeder in America
in every respect. Price, 75 cents each : one
dozen. $8.00. Address,

22Etf J. F. ^VOOD, North Prescott, Mass.

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES!

WE are prepared to furnish bee-keepers
with Supplies promptly, and at greatly
reduced rates. Estimates gladly furnished,
and correspondence solicited. Our goods are
unexcelled in quality and workmanship,

Italian C^iieeDs and Bees at a very low
price. Send for large illustrated Price-List,
free. Alley's Queen and Drone-Thap and
SwARM-HivER always on hand.

A. F. STAllFFER it CO.,

40Ett STERLING, Whiteside Co., ILL.

^Eishth^Editioii^Just^riibiished^

:^e^T antl Revisicd Edition

BEES ^ HONEY,

OK THE

Management of the Apiary

FOR PLEASURE AND PROFIT

THOMAS G. NE"WMAN,

Editor of the A merican Bee Jounuit.

This edition has been largcl; re-written,
thoroughly revised, and is "fiillv up with the
times" in alltheimprovcmentsandinventions
in this rapidly-developing jiursuit.and presents
the apiarist with ever.\ thing that can aid in
the successful management of an apiary, and
at the same time pi'oduee the most honey in
an attractive condition. It contains 250
pages and 245 illustrations — is beauafully
printed in the highest style of the art, and
bound in cloth, gold lettered. Price, $1.0O—
postpaid.

LiBER-\L Discount to dealers, by the dozen
or hundred.

THOMAS G. NEWMAN Se SON,
246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

ffi^" This new edition of our Bees and
Honey will be given as a Premium for only
tlir«»e ne>v siibsjTibers, with S3. 00;
or clubbed with the this JoruNAL for $1.75.

British. Bee Jo-virnal

AND BEE-KEEPEE8' ADVISER,

IS published every week, at 6». 6d. per
annum. It contains the very best practical
Information for the apiarist. It is edited by
Thomas Wm. Cowan, F.G.S., F.R.M.S., etc.,and
published by John Huckle, King's Langley,
Herts, England

CANADIAN QUEENS!

CIVE THEM -V TRIAL.

Earli. PerThrPF. Per »i Doi.

Italians, Virgin $ .40, . ..$1.00,...$ 1.75

Untested 1,00 ,., 2.75,... 5.00

Tested 1,50,,.. :i.75,.,, 7.00

Select Tested, -J, 00,,.. 6,00..., 10.00
Address, B. F. HOI.TEBWA1NN,
C7A8t KOMNE V, Kent Co., ONT.

Scientific Qiieeii-Reariiig

AS PRACTICA1.I.V APFI.IEI>;

Being a Method by which the very best of

QueenrBees are reared in perfect accord
with Nature's Way ; by

G. M. DOOLITTLE.

In this book Ihe author details the results
of his Experiments in Hearing Queen-Bees for
the past four or five years, and is the first
to present his discoveries to the World.

Bound in Cloth— 176 pages— Price, $1.00,
postpaid ; or, it will be Clubbed with the
American Bee Journal ore year, for SI 7.5—
with the Illustrated Home Journal, for $1.75 ;
or the two Joufcals and the Book lor $3.50.

THOS. «. NEWMAN A SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHIC.\GO, ILL.

Voice of Masonryi Family Magazine.
Tbree y'-urp-'a Papei and twenty-five i Mai^a-
zinp. New unexcelled. Coiitainr' fine I'urtraits
and Illostratidiis, and n Kreat v^rieiy of ar hlen,
stories and p 'euiB for Frfemaeoiif and their f.'ira
iljep; also Kast-rn Star, Masonic fll<*«ninirw and
Editorial DcpartniPntH Prire pfi yiar. $ri.(m.
JOHN W. HR(>WN, Editor and Piihii-h«*r.
l&i & 184 8, Clark Streei, Chicatio. Idiiioie.

h.i.^^».X».i.^X^.^.^.^ .^

XHK mmmMici^n mmm jO'iimnmi,.

48 y

*^^^^^^-*^^-^^-*^-*-*^-'^-* -"^ — - '

EDITOR.

M mi, July 19, 1890, No. 29,

The L,eS!ion of tlie Hour is : Next
season order your supplies for tLe apiary
early, and have them on hand, ready for
use, long before they are needed.

Il®~ E. L. Pratt, of Marlboro, Mass.,
writes: "The American" Bee Journal
turns in more orders than any other bee-
paper. We have the largest honey-flow
ever seen here."

iW The annual circular of G. K. Hub-
bard, of Fort Wayne, Ind., is on our desk.
It contains 16 pages, and presents a nice
appearance.

'SiW E. L. Pratt is writing a book to be
entitled, "My New Method of Securing
Fancy Comb and Extracted Honey ; and
Queen Rearing." It wil' probably be born
ere the commencement of another honey
season.

Close ■iXlrsiclinK' is thus commented
upon by a writiT in the Runil CanaiUun :

July is the month when many bees are
wmter-killed. This may appear strange,
but not so. With many the end of July
brings the end of the honey season. Bee-
keepers will take too much honey from
their bees, and in winter they perish ; this
is careless and unwise.

Leave plenty in the combs ; if you can,
set aside some combs, and if you find later
that you do not require it, there is no difli
culty in extracting it ; but it is a difficult,
expensive, and tedious work to replace it
in the combs after removing it.

You might as well work your horse to
death, set a hen under more eggs than she
can cover, and the like, as to extract too
closely, and allow your bees to perish near
spring for want of stores. Remember this,
and your winter losses will decrease.

R. F. Holtermann, of Romney, Ont.,
writes us the following item, to correct a
mistake that has been made by some. He
says :

I have, in several places, seen it stated
that I am Secretary of the Ontario Bee-
Keepers' Association. It should have been
cx-Secretanj. I resigned that position,
and for a number of years our good frieud
Wm. Couse, of Streetsville, has filled the
position ; and so well has he filled it, that I
believe no one has ever thought of a
change.— R. F. Holtermann.

Frank I>eslie's Illustrated News-
paper" for the week ending July 13, has a
striking double-page picture of the House,
Ways and Means Committee which formu-
lated the McKinley Tariflf Bill, and it gives,
in connection therewith, an article from
the pen of Prof. Van Buren Deuslow, on
the proposed tariff in South America. Prof.
Denslow joins issue very decidedly with
the scheme proposed by Secretary Blaine,
and his article is sure to attract a large
measure of public attention.

Our Illustrated Home Journal

IS thus highly complimented by E. F
Nason, Editor and Publisher of "The Illus-
trated Companion," of New York City :

TnrBv f.' ^^^ I'^^l ^^^ Illustrated Home
JOURN.VL IS the best and most readable
magazme, at the price, that we have

Td °o^,?T. ^r^''^^'' ' ^''•^ when peopTI
find out that you publish such a really
good magazme, I am sure that your sub
scription list will increase.

We club the Illustrated Home Journai
(price .$1.00) with the American Bee Jour-
nal for one year for only *1.60. You can-
not afford to do without either- the one as
an aid to practical bee-keeping, and the
other as an invaluable literary and home
periodical for the whole family

Our Politest Row is given to the
"Api"for complimentary words on page
105 of the July number. How much
pleasanter is this, than to be pursuing one
another with unkind and jealous remarks.
There is plenty of room for all— and the
reading apiarists will patronize those
periodicals which are the most worthy of
their patronage and esteem. The Ameri-
can Bee Journal is now prospering more
than ever before, and hopes all other bee-
periodicals are similarly situated.

Xlie Proceedings of the Missouri
State Bee-Keepers' Convention, held at
Marshall, Mo., on April 16 and 17, 1890,
are published in a neat pamphlet form,
making 8 pages of essays and discussions.
We presume that copies of it can be had
by addressing the Secretary of the Asso-
ciation—Mr. J. W. Rouse, of Santa Fe, Mo.

Supply Dealers who desire to handle

a good Bee-Veil, should write for our dozen

I rates on the"Globe" Bee-Veils, to sell again.

Anollivr Wiley l»up<; has been

beard from— and this time from that pro-
gressive and exemplary State known a,s
Iowa. Mr. O. S. Comptnn, of Glenwood,
Mich., on July 7, 1890, wrote as follows,
regarding a conversation with a resi<lent of
Sac City, la., about "artificial comb honey :"

Here is another Wiley dupe— his name i>.
A. Baxter, of Sac City, Iowa. He declared
that W. Cheney, of that town, has a large
factory devoted to the production of arti-
ficial comb honey ; that he had witnessed
the process with his own eyes ; that Cheney
shipped all bis honey to a commission man
in Chicago, and got 15 cents per pound,
while genuine bees' honey sold for 18 cents;,
and that I had never been " around much "
if I had never seen artificial honey I
offered him -$1,000 for a sample crate, but
he said I could get a crate by sendiug a
few dollars to Cheney. I wrote to W.
Cheney, Sac City, Iowa, and asked him to-
name a price on a sample, if he had such,
and enclosed find his reply to the same

This little dialogue took place at Goshen,
Ind., on May 20, 1890, while waiting to
take a train for home. How I did wish for
a reward card, such as Mr. Root sends out !

O. S. COMI'TON.

In reply to Mr. Compton's letter, Mr.
Cheney wrote thus :

I have just had the pleasure of receiving
your letter, and in reply I will say that il
A. Baxter told you what you say he did,
he told you a lie ! There is no factory here
to make artificial comb honey, and no such
honey is on the market. I am not the
manager of any such concern ; I have 1 23
colonies of bees in my home apiary, and
have a lot more out on shares, and sell
pure honey. Wesley Chenet.

In the above we have another illustra-
tion of the manner in which pure fabrica-
tions are proven to be such ; and it also-
shows that those who pretend to any
knowledge of the art of honey production,
(unless they be actual bee-keepers) know
nothing about that which they presume to-
inform.

The only rational way to counteract such
slanders of our sweet product, is to cducale
the people on the subject. To do that,
there is no better method than by gener-
ously distributing the "Honey Almanacs "
in every neighborhood throughout the
country, and even among city people, whom
bee-keepers desire to secure as regular
customers. Try it, and see for yourself the
great value of the Almanacs to those who
judiciously use them. Prices on page 494.

Mees in a Cliurck.j^pire In the

new Epwortli HcriiUl for July 12, 1890,
published here in Chicago, we find the fol-
lowing account of a swarm of bees whose
aspirations were unusually high, though
bees have frequently been known to put on
"pious appearances," which is quite appro-
priate when the sweetness of their labors
is considered. Here is the item referred to :
In New Portland, Maine, a swarm of
bees, evidently tired of being disturbed
and robbed of their honey, have sought
refuge in the top of a church-spire the
hollow space of which they are filling with
sweets for their own benefit. Nobody can
climb the steeple, and, consequently those
sagacious bees will no longer be plundered.

484

^mm MMEKieMM mmm j^^mmmi^.

- ^ — ■ ^j^ , J, . — » — ^ ^

>i- -~;-j^ ■j-.'j-^--^^t^^m»mtmm^*^^4

Adulteration of Food and l>riie!'.

In the Senate of the United States, June
3 1890, Mr. Paddock, from the Committee
on Agriculture aud Forestrj", reported the
following Bill, which was read the first and
second times, by unanimous consent :

Be it enacted by the Semite and H<jnse
of Representatives of the l-ndcd •V'l'f"- "/
America in Congress axsenthled, that, tor
the purpose of protecting the commerce lu
food products and drugs between the sev-
eral States and Territories of this Union
and foreign countries, the Secretary of
Agi-iculture shall organize m the Depart-
ment of Agriculture a division to be known
as the food division, and make necessary
rules governing the same to carry out the
provisions of this Act, and appoint a chiet
thereof, at a salary of j;3,000 per annum,
whose duty it shall be to procure from time
to time, under rules and regulations to be
prescribed by the Secretary of Agriculture,
knd cause to be analyzed or examined
samples of food and drugs sold or ofifered
for sale in any State or Territory other
than where manufactured. The Secretary
of Agriculture is hereby authorized to em-
ploy such chemists, inspectors, clerks,
laborers, and other employes as may be
necessary to carry out the provisions of
this act. , . . . . „

Section 2. That the introduction into
.any State or Territory from any other
State or Territory or foreign country of
jiny article of food or drugs which is adul-
terated within the meaning of this act is
hereby prohibited, and any person vyho
shall wilfully and knowingly ship oi- deliver
for shipment from any State or Territory
or foreign country to any other State or
■Territory, or who shall knowingly receive
in any State or Territory from any other
State or Territory or foreign country, or
who having so received, shall deliver, for
pay or otherwise, or ofiEer to deliver to any
other person, any such article so adulter-
ated within the meaning of this act, shall
be guilty of a misdemeanor, and fjir such
offe^nse be fined not exceeding $200 for the
first offense, and for each subsequent
offense not exceeding $300, or be impns
oned not exceeding one year, or both, in
the discretion of the court.

Sec 3 That the chief of said food divi-
sion shall make, or cause to be made under
rules and regulations to be prescribed by
the Secretary of Agriculture, examinations
of specimens of food and drugs which may
be collected from time to time under rules
and regulations to be prescribed by the
Secretary of Agriculture under its direction
fn various parti of the country and pub-
ish in bulletins the result of such analyses.
Bat the names of manufacturers or venders
of such foods or drugs analyzed shall m no
case be published in such bulletins until
after conviction in the courts of violation
*f this act. If it shall appear from such
examination that any of the provisions of
thi^act have been violated, the Secretary
of A'^riculture shall at once cause a report
of the fact to be made to the proper United
States District Attorney with a copy of the
results of the analysis duly authenticated
bv the analyst under oath.

Sec 4. That it shall be the duty of every
District Attorney to whom the food
dWi'ion shall report any violation of this
act, to cause proceedings to be commenced
and prosecuted without delay for the hues
and penalities in such case provided,unles8
upon inquiry and exammation, he shall
decide that such proceedings cannot prob-

ably be sustained, in which case he shall
report the facts to the food division.

Sec. 5. That the term "drug," as used in
this act, shall include all medicines for in-
ternal or external use. The term "food,"
as used herein, shall include all articles
used for food or drink by man, whether
simple, mixed, or compound.

Sec. 6. That for the purpose of this act,
an article shall be deemed to be adulterated.

In case of drugs :

1. If, when sold under or by a name
recognized in the United States Pharma-
copa^ia, it differs within the knowledge of
the seller from the standard of strength,
quality, or purity, according to the tests
laid down therein.

2. If, when sold under or by name not
recognized in the United States Pharma-
copffiia, but which is found in some other
pharmacopajia or other standard work on
materia medica, it differs within the knowl-
edge of the seller materially from the
standard of strength, quality, or purity,
according to the tests laid do%vn in said

work. . „ ,, , T .,..

3 If its strength of purity fall below the
professed standard under which it is sold.

In case of food or drink ;

1 If any substance or substances has or
have been knowingly mixed and packed
with it so as to reduce or lower or injuri-
ously affect its quality or strength so that
such product, when offered for sale, shall
be calculated, and shall tend to deceive the

purchaser.

2 If any inferior substance or substances

has or have been knowingly substituted
wholly or in part for the article, so that the
product, when sold, shall be calculated and
shall tend to deceive the purchaser.

3 If any valuable constituent of the
article has been knowingly wholly or in
part abstracted, so that the product, when
sold, shall be calculated and shall tend to
deceive the purchaser. , ^ , . ,

4 If it be an imitation of and knowingly
sold under the specific name of another
firticl©

5 If it be knowingly mixed, colored,
powdered, or stained in any manner where-
by damage is concealed, so that such pro-
duct, when sold, shall be calculated to
deceive the purchaser.

6 If it contain within the knowledge ot
the seller any added poisonous ingi-edient,
or any ingredient which may render such
article injurious to the health of the person
consuming it. . ^, , , , «

7 If it consist within the knowledge of
the seller of the whole or any part of a
diseased, filthy, decomposed, or putrid
animal or vegetable substance, or any por-
tion of an animal unfit for food, whether
manufactured or not, or if it is the product
of a diseased animal, or of an animal that
has died otherwise than by slaughter :
Prr/vided, That an article of food or drug
which does not contain within the knowl-
edge of the seller any added poisonous
ingredient shall not be deemed to be
adulterated —

1. In the case of mixtures or compounds
which may be now or from time to time
hereafter known as articles of food under
their own distinctive names, aud not in-
cluded in definition fourth of this section.

2. In the case of articles labeled,branded,
or tagged so as to plainly indicate that
they are mixtures, compounds, combina-
tions, or blends.

3 When any matter or ingredient has
been added to the food or drug because the
same is required for the production or
preparation thereof as an article of com-
merce in a state fit for carriage or consump-
tion, and not fraudulently to increase the
bulk, weight, or measure of the food or
drug, or conceal the inferior quality thereof.

4. Where the food or drug is unavoidably
mixed with some extraneous matter in the
process of collection or preparation.

Sec. 7. That every person manufacturing,
offering, or exposing for sale, or delivering
to a purchaser any drug or article of food
included in the provisions of this act shall
furnish such drugs or article of food to any
person interested or demanding the same,
who shall apply to him for the purpose,and
shall tender him its value of a sample suffi-
cient for the analysis of any such article of
food which is in his possession. And upon
the presentation of such drug or article of
food to the proper officer of the food divi-
sion by a responsible person, with a request
from such person for an official analysis of
the same, the chief of such division shall
make, or cause to be made., such analysis
of the drug or article of food so presented,
under rules and regulations to be pre-
scribed by the Secretary of Agriculture.

Sec. 8. That whoever refuses to comply,
upon demand, with the requirements of
Sec. 8 of this act, shall be guilty of mis-
demeanor, and, upon conviction, shall be
fiued not exceeding $100 nor less- than $10,
or imprisoned not exceeding one hundred,
nor less than thirty days, or both. And
any person found guilty of manufacturing,
offering for sale, or selling an adulterated
article of food or drug under the provisions
of this act, shall be adjudged to pay, in
addition to the penalties heretofore pro-
vided, for all the necessary costs and ex-
penses incurred in inspecting and analyz-
ing such adulterated articles of which said
person may have been found guilty of
manufacturing, selling, or offering for sale^
Sec. 9. That in prosecutions for viola-
tions of this act proof of the act done shall
be held to imply knowledge and intent on
the part of the accused, unless such knowl-
edge and intent shall be disproved on the
trial. , „ ^ ,

Sec. 10. That this act shall not be con-
strued to interfere with commerce wholly
internally in any State, nor with the ex-
ercise of their police powers by the several
States.

Concerning this Bill, aud the wholesale
adulteration everywhere to be found, the
Homestead gives this very vigorous article
on adulteration and adulterators, which
will be read with interest at this time :

"If an angel were to swing open the
pearly gates and make a tour of the worlds
for the purpose of studying, as an obser-
vant and conscientious traveler, the moral
conditions prevailing outside of the Blest
Abodes, and would visit this planet in his
tour of the universe, and spend a short
time in *he marts of trade and commerce,
he would, we think, be disposed to scruti-
nize very closely, on his return, the appli-
cation of merchants in general for admis-
sion to the Haven of Eternal Rest. While
his clear perception of the principles of
rectitude would doubtless recognize among
them many of the very salt of the earth,
and many others who, though meaning
well and intentionally honest, were the
victims of a bad system, he would be com-
pelled to say in general : ' Your appear-
ance is all rule, and your speech fair, but
the late will of this establishment is to re-
gard with suspicion any business man who
comes from a world whose merchants have
the reputation of being adulterators for the
sake of filthy lucre, of everything that is
used as food, from the milk that nourishes
the motherless babe, to the last cordial that
moistens the parched lips of the expiring
patriarch.'

TMm wmmTticmn mmm j&JUTtnmi^.

485

" We can imagine this supposed visitant
examining the sugar, the cofifee, the tea,
the Hour, the butter, the wine, and with
some hesitation, and ira])elled only by a
sense of duty, the whisky, to find that the
odulterator has done his work in all. He
would next investigate the clothing of
earth's children to find shoddy everywhere,
and the cheap and worthless passing for
the valuable. Even the fertilizers which
the farmer spreads on his fields would bear
the touch of the defilement of the adul-
terator.

But we think his disgust would reach an
unusual height on finding that even the
grease of the despised hog bad not escaped
the pollution of the adulterator — that no
creature is so lowly or so filthy but that
filthier hands will adulterate its products
with something cheaper and nastier, and
palm ofl" the deception on a non-suspecting
public, provided only and always that by
deceiving the public aforesaid, they can
increase their own gains.

" If, disgusted and grieved with this
revelation of systematic and open adultera-
tion, he should read in the telegraphic
dispatches that at the National Capitol a
Bill had been introduced not to prohibit
this systematic adulteration of food, but to
compel the adulterators to brand it with its
own proper name and ingredients, he would
betake himself to Washington and hover as
an unseen presence around the committee
of agriculture — he would learn some things
that might well make him wonder whether
honesty was, after all, anj'thing but an
intangible, poetic sentiment instead of a
guide to human conduct.

"We can imagine the mental replies
which our supposed visitant would make to
the sophistries of this gang of adulterators.
When it is urged that the product was pure
and healthful he would say : ' Why not
pass under its own name ?' When it is
urged that it is actually better than pure
lard, he would think : ' Why, then, should
this superior article, this vegetable oil
distilled in the alembic of nature from the
beams of a Southern sun go sneaking
around the world bearing the brand of the
swine V When it is urged that this protest
against congressional action is a great
philanthropic movement to give the black
man a chance to prosper by furnishing a
market for the refuse of his cotton crop, he
would say : ' What a miserable pack of
hypocrites is this that dare pollute with
their unclean presence the temple of
liberty ?' And then thinking of the million
farmers over the prairies of the West who
are yearly robbed by this unclean horde of
adulterators, and of the millions of labor-
ers in America and Europe who are
deceived and imposed upon by the fraud of
adulterated lard, he would scrutinize the
committee, visit the House and Senate,and
gaze into the inner souls of the members,
and ask himself : ' How many of these
men will be true to their constituents, to
the men who have given them homes, and

satisfied thcni with bread, and will vote for
the Conger lurd bill ? How many of them,
when this measure comes up for passage,
will vote for delay or postponement, or to
recommit, or offer other dilatory motions
or amendments, and how many of them
will truly and honestly vote for the inter-
ests of the men who sent them here i How
many of them will skulk and dodge, or do
nothing, and then go home and lament that
under the circumstances it was impossible
to pass a Bill to brand with its true name a
commodity that masquerades under a false
name on the shelves of every grocer, and
the table of every citizen ;'

" We are not gifted with angelic vision,
and we do not know how manj' cowards
there are in Congress, or how many mem-
bers have ' grease ' In, and not on their
hands. But this we do know, that a member
of Congress that has not the sagacity to
see through the sophistry of his gang of
lobbyists against the Conger pure lard Bill,
or has not the manliness to stand by and
pass it, should never, while his head is hot,
have the opportunity to betray the people's
trust again. Let the weakness of the
' Simple Simon ' be laid bare, and the mask
stripped off the hypocrite. It is no time
now to send inuo-?ent babes to do men's
work, nor allow time-serving hypocrites to
connive at the robbery perpetrated on an
industrious and long suffering people.
When Western congressmen come home to
be judged by their constituents at the
November election, let there be no smell of
cotton-seed oil on their hands. The negro
must not put his toot in the food on the
white man's table. Adulteration must
bear his own shame."

Uoolittle on llneen-Rearing-.

Queens can be reared in the upper stories
of hives used for extracted honey, where a
queen-excluding honey-board is used, which
are as good, if not superior, to Queens
reared by any other process ; and that, too,
while the old Queen is doing duty below,
just the same as though Queens were not
being reared above. This is a fact, though
it is not generally known.

If you desire to know how this can be
done — how to have Queens fertilized in up
per stories, while the old Queen is laying
below — how you may safely introduce any
Queen, at any time of the year when bees
cay fly — all about the different races of
bees — all about shipping Queens, queen-
cages, candy for queen-cages, etc. — all
about forming nuclei, multiplying or unit-
ing bees, or weak colonies, etc. ; or, in fact
everything about the queen-business which
you may want to know, send for " Doolit-
tle's Scientific Queen-Rearing;" a book of
170 pages, which is nicely bound in cloth,
and as interesting as a story. Price, $1.00.

4'Silir»riiiii lloii«-y <'r«n».— From
the I'lii-ilir Itiinil I'rcss we copy the fol
lowing ab<)\it the honey crop of San Diego
county, California :

The first carload of the season's honey
crop, says the San Diego i'nion. pulled out
June 8 for Boston, taking the su|)erior e.t-
tracted honey for which San Diego county
is famous. As this is one of the even num-
bered years, a large yield is anticipated,
and although brush fires have interfered
somewhat, it is expected that the yield will
be nearly .'iOO.OOO pounds greater than in
1S89.

A honey dealer who has carefully watched
the industry, in which he was actively en-
gaged for 20 years previous, asserts that
the county's crop last year was about
1,000,000 pounds, although a honey buy-
ing firm at San Francisco has stated it to
be but aOO,000 pounds. In contradiction
of this, he names one producer alone who
supplied the market with 300,000 pounds,
and with what he knows of the other api-
aries, is satisfied that 1,000,000 pounds is
not an over estimate.

The light rainfalls in 1877. 1879. and
1885 caused a total failure of the honey
crop. The best years were 1874, 1876,
1878, 1880 and 1884, when some .3,000,-
000 pounds were produced— the county's
largest crop. Then 1886 and 1888 were
good years, and 1890 is expected to make
a record. The bee-ranches of the county
extend pretty well over the back country,
including the San Jacinto region, Elsinore,
Temecula, Fallbrook, Encinitas. Del Mar,
Pala, Poway, Bear Valley, Escondido,
Bernardo, Santa Ysabel, Ballena, Nuevo,
Fostar's Lakeside, San Vicente, Campo,
Jamul, Jamacha, Sweetwater, etc.

The wholesale price now ranges from 7
to 12 cents a pound for comb honey, and
from 4 to 6 cents for extracted, which is a
little under the pi-ices of 1889.

CIul>»< of 5 New Subscriptions for -$4.00,
to any addresses. Ten for $7.50, if all are
sent at one time.

Help in tlie Apiary.— Mr. C. H.

Dibbern, of Milan, Ills., gives the following
in the Western Plmvmnn, as his experience
in hiring help for the apiary :

I have often heard bee-men say th^t they
would like to keep more bees, or to start
out-apiaries if they could but get reliable
help. The}' seem to take for granted that
such help cannot be secured. How do they
know this * Have they ever tried to secure
such help, by a little advertising, as we
have '. When we decided to start our Mill
Creek apiarj', we needed more help, and
put a little notice in the "want" column
of one of our leading bee-papers, and that
brought us over one hundred enquiries.
These we "sifted " until we had about a
dozen of the apparently most desirable
applicants, and to these we put further
questions as to ability, sobriety, skill, etc.,
and again sifted out one-half. When we
got down to six, there seemed to be little
choice, and we selected the two that
appeared to be the most desirable. In due
time the boys came, and we soon found
that we had made a mistake as to one of
them. For a few days he worked well
enough, but we found he was a high flyer.
He could talk of nothing but base-ball,
croquet, camping out, and enjoying himself
generally. Well, just four days of work
finished him, when he concluded to return
to his father's house, where we presume the
fatted calf was killed in honor of the event
in due time. Well, we at once wrote to
one of the others, and now have two as
good helpers as one could wish. I have no
doubt had 1 wanted a dozen helpers 1 could
have had them all out of those who applied
to me, and got all good and deserving
young men

48G

■THE; MMERIC'SIf ®®® JO^mifMlf.

s %

Iff clling or Saving Combs— Moth-
Worms and Wax.

Written for the American Bee Journal

Qlterv 717—1. What is best to do with
combs in Langstroth frames that are not
wired— melt them into wax, or save for
use! 2. Will moth- worms injure wax?— la.

1. Save them for use. 3. Yes.— J. P. H.
Bitowx.

1 . We do not understand the question.
S. Not it melted.— Dad.vst & Son.

1. Save them. 2. Not after it is ren-
■ dered.— Eugene Secor.

1. Save them, of course. 2. Not in the
cake form.— G. M. Doolittle.

1. Save them for use, if good. 2. No.—
Mks. L. Hakhisox.

1. If good, save them for use. 2. In
combs, yes ; in bulk, no— M. Maiiix.

1. If nice, straight combs, keep them for
use, by all means. 2. No.— A. J. Cook.

1. Save the combs, if not too old and in
fair condition. 2. No, if entirely free from
pollen —C. H. Diiiherx.

1. If they are good, do not melt them. 2.
They do not injure wax in the cake ma-
terially.—R. L. Taylor.

1 . I would use them, if the frames were
•well filled, and in good condition otherwise.
2. No.— J. M. Hamhauoh.

1. Why, use them of course, if you have
any use for them. 2. Very seldom, but
they will occasionally ; I have had them do
it.— A. B. M.isos.

1. If in good condition, save and use.
They are as good as money in the bank. 2.
If the wax contains much pollen the worms
■will work in it ; yet the damage will be
small,— H. D. Cutting.

1. Transfer them into the "Nonpariel"
brood-frames, or some other brood frame
that does not require to be wired. 2. Moths
sometimes injure foundation.— G.L. Tinker.
1. If the combs are all right and straight
in the frames, and mostly all worker cells
Tise them in the brood-chamber. If not,
melt them up into wax, and have them
made into foundation. 2. Yes.-^J. E. Fond.
1. Save them, if they are good worker-
comb. 2. I suppose you mean wax that
has been melted into cakes. I never knew
such to be hurt by moth-worms. As a very
rare thing, I have known foundation to be
so hurt.— C. C. Miller.

1. I use them, of course, for all purposes
for which good combs are used in the
apian,'. I have over 1,000 of them that
have no wire in them, and have several
hundred that are wired. I prefer combs
without wire. After a few set» of brood
have been reared in them, they are strong
enough for any use. 2. The moth-worms
never injure my wax after it has been
" rendered " and made comparatively pure.
— G. W. Demaree.

1. Good combs in Langstroth frames are
all right without any wires. The use of
wires is mainly to hold the foundation
•straight while comb is beiiig built. 2. No,
practically they will not. Moth-worms
cannot live on clear wax. They must have
some pollen.— Jame.s Heddox.

1. If the owner thinks he will have no
further use for them, let him melt the
combs and make kindlings of the frames.
•Gather up the fragments, and let nothmg
be lost. If the combs are good, aud are
needed for some future use, hang them
about half an inch apart in boxes, and

encourage spiders to live among them.
Combs may be kept indefinitely with
spiders as protectors against moths. 2.
Moth-worms do little or no damage to wax.
—J. M. Shuck.

The questions are both indefinite, and
very unsatisfactory. 1. The first question
does not state whether the combs are good,
straight worker-combs or not. It they are,
by all means save them for future use. If
not, melt them into wax. But care must
be taken to protect them from the ravages
of the moth-worms, by fumigating them
with sulphur. 2. Does the questioner refer
to wax that has been rendered, comb foun-
dation, or common brood-combs .' Wax
that has been rendered or made into comb
foundation contains no pollen, and moth-
worms cannot subsist on such. If by
" wax " the questioner means brood-combs
—of course moth-worms will injure them,
for they contain pollen, etc., to invite the
moths, unless they are fumigated with sul-
phur and otherwise protected.— The Editor

Feeding Swarms in a Honey-
Flow to Forward Storing.

Written for the American Bee Journal

Query 718.— Does it pay when full
sheets of comb foundation are to be used,to
feed from 3 to 5 pounds at night for a few
nights, to new swarms being hived during
the honey-flow, to assist in forwarding
them to surplus storing of honey ?— F.H.W.

No.— M. Mahin.

No.— J.IMES Heddon.

No.— A. B. Mason.

No.— Dadant & Son.

I doubt it.— C. C. Miller.

Not with me.— G. M. Doolittle.

No, certainly not.— R. L. Taylor.

I do not think that it pays.— J. M. Shuck.

No, never feed during a honey-flow.—

Mrs. L. Harrison.
I think not, but I have never tried it.— C.

H. DiBBERN.

No. Never feed when bees are gathering.
—A. J. Cook.

No. I would codsider it time and ma-
terial wasted.— H. D. Cutting.

I am not sure, but I think that it would

not pay. Try and report.— J. M. Ha.mbaugh.

It is useless to feed when the honey-flow

is abundant. It will pay to feed if the flow

is very scant.— J. P. H. Brown.

I think not, though I have never tried it.
Besides, I do not think that full sheets of
foundation should be used in hiving
swarms. It is the associate evil of wiring
brood-frames— neither pays.— G. L. Tinker.
It does not, if the bees are gathering
nectar from the fields. It is far better to
put a frame of comb filled with honey m
the outer side of the hive, with cappings
broken.— J. E. Pond.

I should not do it. I believe in making
bees self-supporting. I doubt if it pays to
stimulate in that way— in fact, I see no
need of it "during the honey-flow."—
Eugene Secor.

No, there is usually plenty of honey com-
ing in to stimulate comb-building at swarm-
ing time in my locality (Kentucky). If,
however, a few days of rainy weather suc-
ceed the casting oif swarms, it will pay to
feed if you can get the bees to take feed at
such' a time. My bees will not touch honey
when exposed right under their noses dur-
i ing a good honey-flow. —G. W. Demaree.
When honey can be obtained from the
flowers it is useless to try to "feed" the
' bees in any other way. They prefer the

fresh nectar from the flora, and will gather
and store it in the combs, and entirely
ignore all the profiEered " food " you place
before them.— The Editor.

Xlie Premiums offered in the Honey
and Apiary Department at the Detroit Ex-
position, are as follows :

Exhibitors will not be allowed to remove
honey from their exhibit during the Fair,
but may sell from a reserved supply, for
which no charge will be made.

Exhibitors who sell honey, must enclose
it securely in paper or cartons.

Honey exhibited or sold must be this
season's crop, and all honey must be the
produce of the exhibitor.

Exhibits competing for a single premium
cannot be included in a display.

Colonies of bees must be exhibited so as
to be readily seen on at least two sides.

A breach of these rules will forfeit all
premiums that may be awarded, and the
right to exhibit the following year.

In judging bees, purity of race shall con-
stitute the competing points.

CLASS 58.
790— Most attractive display of comb

honey— *3o.OO ; $20.00 ; slO.OO.
791- Specimen of comb honey, not less

than 20 pounds, quality and manner of

putting up for market to be considered—

SIO.OO ; So. 00.
792— Most attractive display of extracted

lioney~«i35.00 ; $20.00 ; $10.00.
793_Specimen of extracted honey, not

less than 20 pounds, quality and manner

of putting up for market to be considered

—$10.00 ; $5.00.
794_Display of comb honey by a lady—

S20.00 ; $10.00.
795— Display of extracted honey by a

lady— $30.00 ; $10.00.
796— Most attractive display of beeswax—

S30.00 ; $10.00.
79'7_Specimen of beeswax, not less than

10 pounds, soft, bright yellow wax to be

given the preference— -$6.00 ; $3 00.
798_Single comb nucleus Italian bees—

$10.00 ; $5.00.
799_SiQgle comb nucleus black bees—

$10.00 ; $5.00.
800— Single comb nucleus Synan bees —

$10.00 ; $5.00.
801— Single comb nucleus Carniolan bees—
$10.00 ; $5.00.

sweepstakes on bees.
802— Display in single-comb nuclei, of the

o-reatest varietv of the different races of

bees— $10.00 ; $5.00.
803— Assortment of honey-candies, quality

to govern— $6.00 ; $4.00. .

804_Assortment of fruits preserved in

honey, quality to govern— $6.00 ; $4.00.
805— Display of pastry made -with honey—

$6.00 ; $4.00.
806— Honey vinegar, not less than one

gallon, shown in glass— $6.00 ; $3.00.
807— Specimen of comb foundation for use

in the brood-chamber— $6.00 ; -$3.00.
808— Specimen of comb foundation for use

insection-boxes-$6.00; $3.00.
809— Comb foundation, for use m the

brood chamber, made on the grounds—

$30.00 ; $10.00.
810— Comb foundation, for use in section-
boxes, made on the grounds-^20.00 ;

$10.00.

sweepstakes.

8il_The largest, best, most interesting,

attractive and instructive exhibition in

this department, all things considered—

$35.00 ; $30.00 ; $10.00.

Competent judges will carefully exaniine

and pass upon any new and meritorious

improvement or invention, and make such

honorary rewards as they may deem just.

TM® mimMmicmn ismm j©ui«pf»iL.

487

BROOD-COMBS.

Objeclioii8 to llic Wide Spacing
of Brood-Combs.

Written fw the Amcrlain BceJinimal

BY Z. T. HAWK.

I have watched with great interest
for the replies to Dr. Miller's articles
on p,ages 214 and 365. relative to the
proper spacing of brood-frames. If
the Doctor holds himself in readiness
to be convinced by the reports of the
bo.x-hive men, I have no doubt he will
adopt the 1 J -inch spacing. The bees
evidentlv plan for a large amount of
store-room above the brood, and as a
consequence the combs in box-hives
and hollow trees will usually be found
to average 14 inches from center to
center. Thick combs above, necessi-
tate wide spaces between brood-combs
below, and I have no doubt that in a
state of nature this is the best possible
arrangement for safe wintering. But
when bees are wintered in the cellar or
in chaff hives, I am of the opinion that
this matter of close or wide spacing
cuts a vei-j- insignificant figure.

I am fully satisfied that wide spacing
is "nature's way," and I am just as
fully satisfied that I cannot obtain the
best results in comb-honey production
by following it.

Three years ago, when I adopted
the Van Deusen metal corner for
brood-frames, I adopted the IJ-inch
spacing with it, for the irons were not
then made any other width ; but the
stern logic of facts has compelled me
to go to the expense and vexation of
changing to a closer spacing. Now let
us see why :

Since brood-comb is only about | of
an inch thick, the l|-inch spacing per-
mits a considerable thickening of the
upper part of the comb for storage
purposes. If the whole upper part of
every comb was equally thickened, no
great harm would be done, but such is
not the case. All conceivable varieties
of thickness and thinness occur, the
undulations of surface on each comb
conforming to those adjacent combs,
rendering it, in many cases, impossi-
ble to change the relative position of
combs in the hive. Such combs will
not fit anywhere, only where they were
built, unless they are shaved off, and
who wants to handle frames under
such conditions ?

The next difficulty with the wide
spacing is a little more serious, for it
aft'ects the brood-rearing capacity of
the comb. Every bee-keeper knows
that worker-brood is seldom if ever

reared in cells more than seven-six-
teenths of an inch deep, and it is evi-
dent that the greater the area of thick-
ened comb, tlu! smaller the brood area
will be. Colonies that have a ten<lenc3-
to store honey in the brood-chamber
will thicken an undue proportion of
their combs, thus restricting the (|ueen
to the lower ])art of the central combs.
It is useless to argue that the bees will
cut these cells down when needed
again for brood— they will not do it,
as I have learned from sad experience.
There are many combs in my hives
that b}' improper reversing were made
thick at both top and bottom. In the
center of these combs is an oval area
of brood-comb that comprises probably
one-third of the entire area of the
comb. This is the second season they
have been in that condition, and I can-
not determine that the bees have cut
down a single cell for the purpose of
brood-rearing.

A third objection to the wide spac-
ing is, that so long as the bees are
amply provided with storage comb in
the brood-chamber, they are slow to
enter the sections. The reasons are
obvious. The limited brood area has
reduced their numbers, and an ample
supply of honey in the brood-chamber
has removed all anxiety to provide
further for the future.

At my earnest solicitation, the width
of the Van Deusen metal corner was
reduced to one and eleven thirtj'-sec-
ond inches, and hereafter all my
brood-combs will be spaced that dis-
tance from center to center. Whether
that is just the right distance or not,
I do not pretend to say, but I know
from previous experience that it suits
me much better than the wide spacing.
Denison, Iowa.

BURR-COMBS.

Tliick To|>.Bars, Honey-Boards,
Brace-Combs, etc.

Read at the Ohio State Convention

BY ERNEST R. ROOT.

Some years ago, at a convention of
the North American Bee-Keepers' So-
ciety held in Detroit, Mich., Mr. J. B.
Hall, of Woodstock, Ont., exhibited
some frames having top-bars plump
one inch square. Although these
frames had been in use several years
in strong colonies, the remarkable fact
was, that they never had had any burr-
combs built over them. But little
seems to have been thought of the
matter at the time, though it is pretty
evident that a good many went home
and experimented.

In an essay read at the last meeting
of the Northwestern Bee-Keepers' So-
ciety, held in Chicago, Dr. Miller made

Uh- statement tlial the ordinary slatted
honey-board, which was supposed to
be proof against burr-combs in the
ujiper bee-space, had, durirjg the past
season, failed to entirely prevent the
same. He further stated that it was
considerable labor to i-emove the
honey-board, to say nothing of the
trouble of removing the brace-combs
on the bottom of the honey-board, and
removing the same from the top of the
brood-frames. The Doctor then al-
luded to the fact of J. B. Hall's thick
top-bars jjreventing brace-combs, and
then asked the question if that might
not be the most feasible method of
obviating brace-combs altogether, if
not tlispensing with the honey-board.

At the time, little was thought of
the matter ; at any rate it seemed to
be absolutely preposterous that the
honey-board so generally in use among
bee-keepers migiit be dispensed witlh
A similar article was sent to Glenimigs,
and at the time we called for facts.
You will remember that a score or
more of testimonies have been printed,
all or nearly all, testifying to the fact
that the thick top-bars— that is. bars
an inch wide or a trifle over, |-inch
thick, or a trifle less, not much, and
spaced five-sixteenths of an inch apart,
invariably prevent brace-combs.

These facts are substantiated by a
large number of other testimonies,
which, for lack of space, we were un-
able to publish. To pi-event brace-
combs without a hone3--board, three
requisites are important : Extra width,
extra thickness, and a reduction of
space between the bars. Top-bars |-
inch square, but spaced J inch apart,
will not prevent brace-combs, although
they will largely discourage them. The
same may be said of top-bars 1 J inches
wide, but only } inch thick. It has
been shown pretty conclusively, that
the bars should be 'regulated in width,
so that a certain number of frames in
a hive will space five-sixteenths or | of
an inch apart.

Now, then, if thick top-bars will
accomplish the results claimed, it
would seem that every bee-keeper,
after testing them for" himself, on a
small scale, might well feel that he
could afford to make the change. Let
us consider some of the important
advantages that would result from
their use :

We will suppose th.at Brown is a bee-
keeper running for extracted honey.
He does not use honey-boards. When
he goes to one of his hives, preparatory
to extracting the upper story, he pro-
ceeds to lift ont the frames. About
every other one will lift the brood-
frame below it, on account of the burr-
comb attachments. The frame sticks.
but Brown resolutely pulls until it
drops down with a jar on the lower

488

■TME" fEB«IB;RICMI« WmM J©.^RKSIL.

• — '■^'-— '-^a^ift^ifti**^* %a tfr^' ^_^_^j^_ ^*-^*^*^^^*

rabbets. The lices are cross, and
sting, but there is no help for it. If
he had thick top-bars it would obviate
this trouble. Yes, he could obviate it
with a lionej'-board ; but the honey-
board at the close of the season will
be stuck down to the brood-frames ;
and when he goes to remove it in the
fall, those same brood-frames, if the.y
hang on tin rabbets, will come up with
the honey-board, and down they will
go with a bang.

Every .spring, Jones, who uses the
narrow and thin top-bars, is obliged to
clip off the brace-combs. Bees Lniild
them up so high that he cannot adjust
the cover unless he does, without kill-
ing the bees. Aside from that, he
considers it a waste of time for bees to
deposit wax above, and a waste of
time on his own part in removing
them. He thinks that if top-bars will ob-
viate his trouble, he will use them at once.

Two objections have been urged
against heavy bars. The first is, that
they will cost more. This is a mis-
take. They can be sold without comb-
guides at the same price as the old
frames. The second objection is made,
that they remove the brood-nest too
far away from the surplus apartment.
This, likewise, has been stated to be a
mistake. Two prominent bee-keepers
declare that they have used thin and
thick top-bars, and that the bees en-
tered the supers just as readily over
the heavy bars as they did over the
thin ones.

Perhaps there has been another ob-
jection urged : One bee-keeper says,
that honey-boards, with him, have
prevented burr-combs, and that he
does not care for anything better. Ah,
the honey-boards do not do it. The
lower bee-space is always filled, while
the upper one is left intact. With
heavy top-bars we have only one bee-
space and no burr-combs.

Now, then, you have the whole facts
before you, so far as I know them. As
I have urged in Qleanings,\ would urge
now : Do not break your honey-boards
into kindling wood yet. Neither
would I consider it wise to try more
than a few heavy bars this season.
Your own experience will determine
for you best whether you can with
profit rip off, as it were, the old |-inch
top-bars, |-inch thick, and substitute
in their places a heavier one.

I may say, however, that the testi-
mony is from such reliable bee-keep-
ers that I can scarcely sec how the
heavy bars can fail to produce the
results claimed for them. Please un-
derstand that I have had no experience
with them myself, and I have at-
tempted to give you only a condensed
summary of several scores of letters
that have passed under my eyes.
Medina, Ohio.

EATING HONEY.

Getting Everybody lo Use Honey
— Bee-Jieepers' Union.

Wrllten for the American Bee Journal

BY .1. W. TEFFT.

Children are not actually crying for
honey, but there are hundreds of thou-
sands of uncultivated palates in this
country that only need the opportunity
to try it, to like it. No one knows
what he likes until he tries it ; and
how can the average citizen know
whether or not he likes honey, when it
is a fact that he never had a real good
mouthful of honey ?

Now, why cannot the hone3'-pro-
ducers of this country make a joint and
honest endeavor not only to put a fine
article on the /io?»c market, but in some
manner see that it reaches the con-
sumer at something less than twice its
cost of production ?

UPWARD AND DOWNWARD VENTILATION

On page 10, of the American Bee
Journal for 1889, is an article by one
of our bee-masters, who closes it by
saying that upwartl ventilation is very
desirable. So I always thought until
about six years ago, when I tested
downward ventilation, and found that
the condensed moisture would pass
away into the packing under the bot-
tom edge of the division-boards, and
no ice would form on the combs.

I was of the same opinion also that
the ice melts and dilutes the honey,
which causes bee-diarrhea. This also
I discovered to be one reason, until I
tested the idea of placing a coarse
piece of burlap above the bees, and
above that several thicknesses of news-
paper, and over that 6 to 12 inches of
forest leaves. Since that time there is
no moisture at all on the combs, as
the paper absorbs the moisture as fast
as formed. This is both upward and
downward moisture-absorbing venti-
lation.

My opinion is, that bee-diarrhea is
not caused by the bees eating diluted
or thin honey, but by eating honey
that has become contaminated by fetid
air and no downward ventilation — the
same as a human being would have
the disease, if he lived and ate in a
room near the upper ceiling, and not
ventilated at the base, which causes
the air to become fetid.

HE wanted the union's help.

It is usually a pleasure to me to
render one a service, even in cases
where I am personally disinterested.
But when such a person as the one
who called at my lumse the other day
comes along, it makes me feel like
tacking a sign on the door, saying,
I " Ask no favors."

The fellow has a large apiary and a
farm worth about 120,000, admirably
located for a manufactui-ing site. He
wanted me to intercede for him to
have the Bee-Keepers' Union help to
secure aid in a troublesome lawsuit
about his bees bothering his neighbor.
He had kept posted as to the work of
the Bee-keepers' Union, and was
greatly pleased with the methods of
promoting the interests which the
Union had adopted. He knew that
the Union could do him a great deal
of good, and was anxious to secure the
aid from the Bee-Keepers' Union.

I told him that it would be a pleas-
ure to present his grievances to the
Union, and asked him if he was one of
its members. He replied in the nega-
tive, when I suggested that in view of
the fact that the expenses of the Union
were somewhat heavy, it would be a
very proper thing for him to join, and
thus aid in the carrying on of their
work, at least to the extent of 11.00
per year. Y''ou wouldn't believe it, but
this fellow who was soliciting a 1500
favor at the hands of the Union, posi-
tively refused to contribute one cent
toward the good work !

I have no fault to find with those
who take no stock in the Union, and
then ask no favors, but when such a
shrunken-souled fellow like that de-
scribed comes along, it makes me feel
misanthropic for liours afterwards.
Collamer, N. Y.

CARNIOLANS.

My Experienee with lliese Bees
— The Honey Crop.

Written fur the American Bee Journal

BY S. A. SHUCK.

In May, 1889, I purchased a select
tested Carniolan queen, intending, if
these bees proved to be as represented,
to Carniolanize my entire apiary.
From this queen I bred 35 queens dur-
ing June, July, and August, 1889. The
old queen swarmed twice, and was
superseded late in the fall.

Every oue of the young queens
mated with Italian stock — at least their
progeny, show more or less yellow
bands. The only points of superiority
that I could see in pure Carniolans
over the common black bees, was their
gentleness, and the disposition to stick
to their combs while being handled.
Tliey were equal to the worst hybrid I
ever saw in mutilating the cappings of
their honey.

The progeny of the young queens
are the most persistent thieves I ever
owned. During the past winter and
spring I lost about 30 colonies, and
commenced the season of 1890 with

TM® mimmmi€:mn mnm jO'^RNaiu.

489

■ t itrttm^d

kumhmk^d

125 colonies. Twenty-tivc of these
had Carniohiti queens, and 100 with
Italian queens, about 20 per cent, of
which were mismated, mostly with
Carniolan stock.

Up to date, I have for the entire
apiary, 60 per cent, of swarms, while
for the 25 Carniolans I have nearly 90
per cent, of swarms, which makes less
than 50 per cent, for the Italians.

I have extracted once from several
colonies run for extracted honey, and
the greatest amount taken from pure
Italians is 43 pounds ; the greatest
amount taken from mismated Italian
stock, is 42 pounds ; and the most
taken from Carniolans, is 30 pounds.
The least taken from pure Italians is 21
pounds, and the least from Carniolans,
is 15 pounds.

To illustrate further : My little boy,
12 years old, has 10 colonies, part are
worked for e.xtracted, and. part for
comb honey. On July 1, I extracted
from 4 colonies — all that were ready —
3 Italians and 1 Carniolan ; the Carnio-
lan had swarmed a few days previous,
and neither of the Italians have
swarmed yet. I took 10b pounds from
the 4 hives, and only 15 pounds of this
came from the Carniolan ; while one
of the Italian colonies gave 43 pounds.

The only case of sections ready to
betaken off is on a hive containing
pure Italians. The first swarm for the
season was Carniolans, the last to date
was Carniolans, and that, too, from
the same queen that cast the first
swarm. She was hived on one comb
and nine empty frames, and one case
of sections, on June 8. The ease of
sections is about half full.

I think now that I shall be over
1,000 pounds of honey short for the
season, by having Carniolans instead
of Italians. Perhaps " a hint, etc.," is
sufficient.

Liverpool, Ills., July 2, 1890.

CALIFORNIA.

Do BecH lUake Hoiiej ?— The
Rai§in Industry, etc.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY D. B. WIER.

For once our editor is wrong. He
has not referred to Webster ; when he
does do this he will see that there is
no sophistry used by any one who has
written on this subject, who holds that
bees do make honey. As well might
he hold that a man cannot make
lemonade, the miller tlour, the farmer
cider, etc.

To make, means to contrive, to
form, to mold, press, drive, mix, to
change in form, etc. For instance, if
we make a sugar syrup, and then mix

with it one thousandth of its Imlk of
formic acid, it is no longer sugar syrup,
for we have iiiialo or changed it by the
addition. It may not be honey tech-
nically speaking, but it is no longer
simply sugar syrup. Now, if wo add
to the mixture a certain amount of
citric acid, and let it stand sometime,
we may have not m.ade honey, but we
have made nearly exactly its equivalent.
Besides, we have the most ancient
and respectal>lc authority on chemical
and scientific matters in the world
dead against him. I refer to Mother

Goose's melodies, page , where we

find—

"God made man,

And man made money ;
God made bees.

And bees made honey."

This should settle the question
permanently. For M. G. does not
say that bees are the only parties who
can make honey, so leaving the in-
ference to be drawn that any one else
may make honey who can bring the
proper ingredients together and then
mix or combine them. If Brother
Newman (for I to am an editor on
" the best country weekly in Califor-
nia," hence brother) will feed a new,
clean swarm of bees, in confinement,
on pure sugar syrup made (see how
these makes and mades come in) from
the best Dutch cut loaf, and after it
has remained in their possession one
mouth in their combs, if he can change
it back into crystallizable sugar again,
we will all give it up that bees do not
7nake honey.

Yet this stored honey may not taste
like that which the bees gather from
linden, sweet clover, white clover, sage
brush, tar weed, or bug-juice, but
after the bees have manipulated it, it
is no longer sugar, or sugar syrup ; it
is to all intents and purposes honey —
not white clover, basswood, tar weed,
bug-juice, etc., honey, but simply pure
honey, i. e., sugar honej', instead of
tar weed, etc., honey.

If we were going to run this thing
into the niceties and technicalities, our
editor would find himself landed into
a verj' close, small corner, for a com-
mittee of experts woidd first have to
decide what is honey. The natural
sweets gathered by bees are so varied
in all their characteristics, that when
the problem was solved, what is honey,
every other compound of sweets gath-
ered by bees from other sources that
was not essentially like what was de-
clared to be honey, would have to be
ruled out ? Honey gathered b3' the
bees from hoarhound and incense cedar
is offensive to the taste of some, yet
it is certainlj- honey. ■ Honey gathered
from the juice of some grapes would
be ver}' poor, but that from our royal
Muscats — when fully ripe, are w-ell-

uigh as swci't and pure llavored as any
honey — might be very good !

My formi'r article on this subject has
brought me scores of inquiries again
from all over the country. .Since I
have been in California I have tried
carefully to write nothing but the ex-
act truth on all subjects. In my first
letter I recommended parts of this
county highly for apiaries. I meant
ever}' word I wrote in that article. I
did not recommend this little city of
Petaluma for that purpose. Why ?
Simply because in summer there is too
much wind, and often cool wind. This
is exceedingly grateful to us usually,
but a little rough on a bee with a full
cargo on board, and as these summer
winds are constantly from the same
direction, and strong enough to pre-
vent a loaded bee reaching home, I
should not call it a good place for
apiaries. Yet in the same block in
which I reside, are five hives, from
which the owner has taken ten pounds
a week, for a long time this spring, of
splendid honey, yet there are thou-
sands of locations in the countj- with-
out an}- drawbacks whatever. As with
fruits, so with bees. If we are going
to make a business of either, we should
in the start select the best location, all
things considered.

North of here in Mendocino county
one might find as choice locations as
there are in the world for bees and
honej', and within six miles of the
railroad ; yet it might cost him |5,000
to get a wagon road out — too much
mountain.

Lake count}', one of the most de-
lightful and finest counties of the
State, "The Switzerland of America,"
is very nearly a paradise for soil, pro-
ducts, health and comfort. Yet with
no railroad, and 25 to 40 miles of
motmtain road to get into or out of it,
it is a poor place to grow corn in for 20
cents a bushel, or honey at 5 cents a
pound, and then haul it out.

I said the foot-hills of Kern county
are good for bees, and meant it. Yet
on the floor of the valley right around
Bakersfield, apiaries might do royally
well. I did not say so, for I was sure
the foot-hills were the better. Yet at
Bakersfield, with its thousands of acres
of alfalfa in bloom the year around,
and the whole ground carpeted in wia-
ter and spring with the sweet alfillaree
— also a grand grazingplant constantly
in bloom, and the bloom of the millions
of fruit trees and vines, apiaries might
find a poorer place. But there is a
constant summer wind up the valley,
even stronger than here, and it is a hot
wind instead of cool, that might worry
the bees somewhat.

As for land prices in this .State, the '
question is like answering the one,
"How big is a piece of chalk ?" all de-

490

•wmm mmimmiGRf^ ®e® j&wmmmi^.

pends on what can be grown on it, the
value of the crop, fertility, and ease of
working the soil ; nearness to market,
health, comfort, and many other
points, and especiall}' the improve-
ments, which are houses, barns, fences,
fruit-trees, and vines in bearing. In
nianj' places these prices seem truly
fictitious — tliey are in part ; as an ex-
ample, in one part of this county land
alone, without anj' improvements —
land that it will cost $40 to |50 an
acre to clear up for any crop, is held,
and being sold at from $150 to $250 an
acre ; while right here near Petaluma,
in just as good and healthy climate,
just as good laud that will produce
crops which will sell for as much per
acre — land readj- for plow, trees and
vines, fenced, with houses and barns
on it, 16 miles nearer market, with
both railro.ad and water routes, can be
bought for .ftiU to $120 per acre, within
two to ten miles from town, and
further back at from $10 to $50.

Why this great difference ? I think
it would take a Philadelphia lawyer to
find out. It is simply "wind boom."
There is no legitimate reason for any
such foolishness, and the same is true
of points all over the State.

Thus, again, Kern valley is in every
point and particular a better raisin
county than Fresno and vicinity ; yet
land can be had in Kern for one-fourth
to one-eighth of what it can be bought
for the same distance from Fresno.

The great syndicate 1 mentioned in
my last, are offering the choicest lands
in the great Kern valley, undoubtedly
the best raisin climate in the world,
and equally good for nearly every
other known fruit, in 20-acre tracts on
long time, or larger tracts to actual
settlers, who will improve, at $45 an
acre — less than adjoining land can be
bought for cash.

Twenty acres, strange as it niaj'
seem, is all the land a large family
wants, needs, or has any need of for
legitimate fruit-growing. More would
simply be a burden. Then the cost of
the raisin or other fruit farm in Kern,
is 1900 on any reasonable terms ; the
syndicate even going so far as to
promise and contract, that if the colo-
nist will do his part, he will be allowed
to pay for his home from his first
crops, and not allowed to starve in the
meantime. That is all there is of it.

California, each and every portion
of it tliat one could with reason call
habitable, is about the best place on
this earth to live in, have comfort in,
and to make money in. Yet I must
say that no one has any business to
come here without he has money —
money enough at least to make a start
with towards buying a home. It is no
country to come to, to work out for
hire, especially in the country, for

many reasons. The country home is
safe — always brings nice returns, if
rightly managed, and is independent.
Petaluma, Calif.

[The word " make " has many defi-
nitions— one of which is "to prepare,"
and it is so used when we speak of
" making a bed." In the article criti-
cised, we referred to its primary defi-
nition, which is " to bring into being;
to create or cause to exist" — as the
Eloheim said at the Creation, "Let us
make man." In that sense, bees do
7iot make honey. Bro. Wier is in a
playful mood, as will be seen by his
mirthful reference to "Mother Goose's
melodies."

Certainly he may make free with the
woril while trying to make out a case ;
but he must make sure to make it
known that when he makes an example,
he must make good sense in order to
make a creditable defense ! Or we
may make merry over his failure to
make an argument which would make
any one believe that he was not mak-
ing fun of the whole matter !

The word is so variously used that it
makes no difference what shade of
meaning is desired, he can make it to
suit himself !

To 7nake amends, let us "make the
punishment fit the crime," and thus
make an end to the whole controversy.
—Ed.]

HONEY.

Some of tlic AbU8C§ of Extracted
Honey, anti the Remedy.

Written for the American Dee Jownial

BY W. J. CULLINAN.

It was with more than usual interest
that I read the excellent article on
page 445, by C. W. Dayton, on the
above subject. I read the article once,
then read it again, and, John Allen-
like, think I shall "turn back and re-
read certain parts on which I am not
perfectlj' clear."

Extracted honey is my hobby ; I pre-
fer to produce it, prefer to eat it. pre-
fer to see it — and if it had not been so
much maligned by those outside, and
so ignoniiniously treated by those inside
of bee-keeping circles, I would prefer
to sell it. But after thousands of tons
of an unripe and inferior article have,
through the ignorance or carelessness
of wo.ild-be honey-producers, found
its way into the hands of consumers,

satiating the palates of many, is it any
wonder that people say, as Mr. Dayton
remarks, that honey "does not taste
so delicious as it used to ?" or that the
vender of extracted honey,even though
he have a good article, meets with so
manj- obstacles, and finds it so difficult
at times, to effect sales ?

I think that Mr. D., while he cannot
claim priority in this, has helped to
solve tlie problem for those who sa}'
that they cannot sell extracted honey.
Let them try Mr. D's plan of leaving it
in the hives until it becomes ripe, rich,
and delicious, then store in clean re-
ceptacles, bung or seal up tight, and
try the sample plan of selling, and see
if their sales do not surprise them.

I fully agree with Mr. D., where he
says that the " custom of selling all
extracted honey in small packages is
belittling to the business, and casts
the idea that a little of it is all that is
of any use," etc., but, I would ask,
what is to be done when the average
grocery-keepers throughout the coun-
try— and, I am grieved to say, in cities
like Quincy (31,000), and Kansas City
(200,000)— will look at you as though
you were trying to hang a dead weight
about their necks, when you ask them
to buy a barrel of honey at one time ?

The plan of selling in 40 and 60
pound cans is a good one, but judging
from my own experience, it takes a
hero in the trade to convince the aver-
age person that he needs that much in
his business. However, it is well to
give such questions a sort of renovat-
ing shake occasionally, and Mr. D's
article may set some of the producers
of extracted honey to thinking, and
tend toward the production of an arti-
cle between which and the adulterated
article, it will not be so hard, as I
have seen it, to discriminate.

Quincy, Ills.

STANDARD.

standard Hives, Section§,Honey-
Boards, Frames, etc.

Written for the Colorado Fanner

BY D. R. EMERY'.

The question is often asked, "Have
we a standard hive i"' or " Is it not
desirable to have a fixed hive, leaving
the way open for improvements ?" It
seems that the experience and experi-
ments of the last decade, would war-
rant an average standard for general
use, and let specialists suit their own
fancies.

Some claim that a small eight-frame
hive of 1,728 to 2,000 cubic inches, is
large enough ; that hives of this size
will economize heat better, and com-
pel more surplus storage, and cost less

TTH® mfmmmicn,n mmm jQiamnmi^.

491

lumber. Others ' have used hives of
3,500 to 4,000 cubic inches, that were
filled with bees and honey, and did as
well or hetter than the smaller hives.
This much is believed: "The more
worker-bees, the more honey can be
gathered." A large family will need
house-room in proportion. But a very
' large hive is so unwieldy to handle.
As some bees are averse to carrying
honey above; a broad hive with frames
may do for extracted honey. As that
is not the commercial style or demand,
other arrangements and " tixin's " are
necessary.

It appears now, that the Langstroth-
Simplicity hive and frames, with the
one-piece, one-pound sections, is meet-
ing the general idea of a "standard."
All the other improvements can be
attached.

The next important question to be
settled, is the kind and arrangement
of the honey-board. Also an easy plan
<M- device for forcing or coaxing bees
to " escape " from the surplus honey,
and a simple, automatic swarm-hiver.
I believe there is more resting on the
honey-board or second-iloor device in
securing surplus honey, with a miui-
mimi of labor and trouble in handling
honey and bees, than anything else. It
seems to me that a board tloor in two
pieces ('divided lengthwise of the hive)
is easily removed, with a bee-entrance
at the front end only (opened or closed
by a tin slide or other convenient ap-
pliance), is going far toward meeting
a growing demand. It is not neces-
sary to have so many openings for the
bees to go above.

A slat honey-board, or one with
openings at the back end, causes the
bees to run over the comb and brood
below. The nurse-bees are disturbed
by the rushing, eager workers, and
the workers are retarded by the nurses
and young bees. During a good honey-
How in warm weather, the bee-escape
to the outside maj' be left open, facili-
tating egress and ventilation. In a
ten-frame hive you can take out for
extracting one or more frames on each
side of the brood -nest, or exchange
with old blackened brood-comb, and
always have good, fresh stores for
winter.

Brother bee-keepers, give all the
oti'ered new "improvements" a fair
trial, and " hold fast to that which is
good ;" and do not forget to report
your experiences for the benefit of the
fraternity.

Longmont, Colo.

CO\VEi\TIOM DIRECTORV.

"Bees and Honey " is the title of one of
the very best books on bees. The present
edition is largely re-written, and is fully up
to the times. It is profusely illustrated. —
Farm, Field and Stockman.

1890. Time and place of meetiity.

Aug. 19.— Northern Illinois, at llnriem, Ulw.

D. A. l<'nller, Sec , Clierry Vailey, liis.

Au(?. 129.— Haiclinmtul, nt South Cayuga, Ont.

E. c. Campbell. Sec, Cayuga, Ont.

Sept 10.— Ionia County, at Ionia, Mich.

11. Smith. Sec , Ionia, Mich.

Oct. 29-31.— International American, at Keokuk, la.
C. P. Dadant, Sec, Hamilton, Ills.

Oct.— Missouri State, at Mexico. Mo.

J. W. Rouse. Sec. Santa Fe, Mo.

J^" In order to have this table complete.
Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — The Editor.

International Bee-Association.

Pbesident— Hon. 11. L. Taylor.. Lapeer, Mich.
Secretary— C. P. Dadant Hamilton, Ills.

National Bee-Keepers' Union.

President— James Heddon ..Dowagiac, Mich.
Sec'y. and Manager— T. G. Newman, Chicago.

s£!dSI4^^^'

lIiitavorabl«' Season for llees.

Last year was the best honey year I ever
saw. I commenced the season with 5J6
colonies, increased them to 54, and secured
3,000 pounds of fine comb honey. This
season, so far, has been unfavorable. I
began with -16 colonies, that had wintered
well on the summer stands, but after apple-
bloom they killed off the drones. They
have swarmed very little, and are tardy in
going into the surplus sections.

Wm. Shier.

Marlette, Mich., July 8, 1890.

Kees^Xhreatened M'illi Starvation

I have 350 colonies in four different
places, and not one-pound section of honey
from them yet ; I have seen only one hive
with any signs of white along the top-bar.
Bees in this county are on the point of
starvation. G. G. B.^ldwin.

Port Huron, Mich., July 8, 1890.

A Oood Season <br Itecs.

I am happy to say that we have, at last,
one good season for bees. I never knew
them to do better. Good weather struck
us on June 17, and still continues. When
it has rained, it was in the night, and the
bees have lost no time. All the conditions
are just right for honey and queens.

Henry Alley.

Wenham, Mass , July 7, 1890.

A California Flow«-r.

Will you ]ilease tell me if the enclosed
samiile Hower is golden-rod i If it is not,
can you describe the California species, so
that wo may know when we find it ?

Mrs. p. W. Mintuoks.

Terra Cotta City, Calif.

By request. Prof. Cook replies to the
foregoing questions as follows :

The plant sent is not golden-rod, nor is it
at all like it. I think that any one who will
examine the figure of golden-rod in the
last edition of my " Bee-Keepers' Guide,"
will easily distinguish the plants. It is a
composite, so there are many flowerets on
one head. The colors are usually yellow,
and the spreading shape of the flowers
makes it easy to identify these, which are
among the ii'iost beautiful of our American
flowers. — A. J. Cook.

Poor Prospects tor a Honey Oop

Our prospects are very poor for a good
honey crop this summer. Clover and bass
wood are just about gone, and we have
very little honey yet. The brood chamber
is well filled, but only a little in the sec-
tions yet. Our only hopes are for a fall
honey-flow for surplus honey. Bees are in
good condition — all colonies are strong, but
not inclined to swarm much. Out of 320
colonies I bad only 35 swarms. Black bees
are swarming a good deal, and going to the
woods. I still hope to get some honey yet.
N. Stainingeu.

Tipton, Iowa, July 9, 1890.

IVew Jersey Xea.

Will you kindly state, through the Bee
Journal, the name of the enclosed flower,
and whether or not it yields nectar ? It
abounds here in a wild state.

R. B. SCHOFIELD, M. D.

Newark, Mo.

[Prof. C. M. Weed, to whom we sub-
mitted the above question and sample of
leaf and flower, answers thus : " Appar-
ently it is New Jersey tea, Ceanothris
Americaniis L. According to Gray, the
leaves of this plant were used for tea dur-
ing the Revolution." Whether it yields
nectar or not, we are unable to say. — En.]

Uee-Keepins in L.onisiana.

My bees are doing very well so far ; I
have extraited up to 30 pounds per colony.
The swarming amounted to about 50 per
cent, increase. We are selling honey here
at 75 cents per gallon. I will sometime
send a sample of my honey. It is different
from Northern honey in flavor.

A. Brandt.

St. Sophie, La., July 1, 1890.

A Queer Vear ior Bees, etc.

This has been a remarkably queer year
for bees. The winter was mild ; there was
plenty of brood, but no honey in apple-
bloom, so halt of the bees starved during
the last of May. As we had no honey the
past three years, I was disgusted and dis-
couraged, and so I fed only enough to keep
the bees alive. I lost none, and so when
the honey-flow did come, the bees had
dwindled to mere nuclei, but it beat all for
honey that I ever saw.

It always pays to have "new blood" in
the apiary ; I have a few queens of that
kind, and they have had no better chance
than the bees by their side, yet they have
stored 40 pounds of honey, and some of the
others have not stored a pound ; so I think
that it pays to give 75 cents or one dollar
for a new queen. It I had fed my bees so
as to have held them where they were on
April 5, I could have had IJ.f tons of honey,
where I now have only half a ton.

My bees kid not swarm too much — I had
only 13 swarms from 45 colonies, spring
count. The swarms were small, and the
bees around here seem determined to leave
for the woods. I account for it in this way:
It has been so very warm, and the farmers
being so busy they did not shade the bees.
D. R. Roseisrough.

Casey, Ills., July 7, 1890.

492

Tmm mwmmmiemm mmm j©^MifMi*.

Alsilce Clover fur Itees.

My bees are working strong- on the Alsike
clover. I sowed two acres of Alsike the
past spring, and I think that it is the best
thing there is to plant for bees. One thing
I find about Alsike is, that it will bloom
nearl}' all summer if it is not too dry, and
blooms two or three times a year, if pas-
tured or cut at certain times. The bees in
this part of the State did not winter well
last winter, the diarrhea seems to be the
main trouble with them. D. B. Cass.vdt.

Litchfield, Minn., July 7, 1890.

First iiitirplns troni White Clover

The seasons of 1S8S and 1889 were fail-
lu-es as to surplus honey in Southwest Mis-
souri, though I extracted about 500 pounds
from my apiary during those two years. I
have about 75 colonies now in fair condi-
tion. They have stored surplus from white
clover for the first time in this part of the
country. It has increased tenfold since
last year. The temperature has been very
high here during June, but has lowered
some during the last two days. The pros-
pect is good for a crop of sumac honey.

J. J. El.MOIlE.

Bower's Mills, Mo., July 1, 1890.

Small l^osvi in M'inter, etc.

My bees wintered out-of-doors as usual
last winter, and I lost 2 colonies out of 24.
I have had only 9 swarms to issue as yet.
Bees are storing honey quite fast. My bees,
for winter, have a warm, sunny exposure,
and are protected from the north and west
winds. I use mostly Langstroth -hives, and
pack the top of the hive with pillows
stufl'ed with dry leaves or straw, and I do
not remove these until the weather is quite
warm. I use 9 brood-frames, and let the
colony lay in a good supply of early gath-
ered honey for their winter stores, before
asking them to store in the sections.

R. A. Williams.

Poultney, Vt., July 4, 1890.

Honey Crop a Total Failure.

The white honey harvest here is a total
failure. I do not think that I could find
100 pounds of capped honey in my apiary
of 165 colonies, and have had but 9
swarms to this date. My scale hive is
losing in weight every day. The weather
here is extremely dry. J. V. Caldwell.

Cambridge, Ills., July 10, 1890.

Keesit Fillius; the Surplus Sections

The bees are just filling the surplus sec-
tions on the double-quick. My bees did
their first swarming on July 2, and I
decided that the best thing I could do was
to send them back, and so I did with six of
them. I am getting lots of honey by doing
so. The white clover is plentiful, and the
farmers have sowed lots of buckwheat.

M. M. RiTTEIi.

Canoga, N. Y., July 8, 1890.

Dry an«1 Hot Weather.

I have 29 colonies of bees, and had but
one new swarm. All wintered well, and
are very strong. The first part of fruit-
bloom was good, and white clover followed
closely, but only lasted two weeks ; now
there is not a bloom of any kind to be seen,
that bees can gather honey from— every-
thing being dried up here. Meadows here
will burn like dead grass. Corn is suffering
badly, and can hold out but a few days—

the tassels turn white the next day after it
appears. The mercury has been 105 de-
grees in the shade for several days, and
the nights are so hot that the most tired
people cannot rest.

This has been our lot for the past three
days, with but one shower that would lay
the dust, and it begins to look as if we will
have to look for some other quarters to
winter, if we do not soon have a change.
I made large calculations for my bees to do
the work, and I to get the reward, but I
will make it the other way now, as I will
have to go to feeding. The bees have some
honey in the sections, but they are carrying
it down-stairs. I feel somewhat disap-
pointed, as $500 was the " pUe " I had
posted in mv mind for this season from 39
colonies, as I got $300 from 12 colonies last
season, and not well attended, either.

E. L. KiHK.

Pulaski, Iowa, July 10, 1890.

A Short Crop of llonej'.

On May 1 I placed a box-hive on spring
scales, and up to June 30 the pointer raised
gradually ; that is, they grew lighter, then
they gained 2 pounds each day until the
first of July, when they came to a stand-
still. It rained three days, and for the last
three or four days it has been so hot that
they have done but very little. There has
been but very little swarming, and what
have come out acted strangely ; they would
go for the woods, or go back into "the old
hive. I have only two swarms out of 30
Cottage hives. There is plenty of white
clover, but somehow they do not seem to
get much nectar from it. The prospects
here are for a short crop of honey. There
is but little if any basswood in this region.
What the bees will do on buckwheat and
wild flowers, remains to be seen.

R. B. Wheaton.

Middlebury, Conn., July 8, 1890.

CL,IIBBII>i€i I.ISX.

We Cluh the AmerUian Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the IjASX
column. The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book :

Price of both. Cluh.
The American Bee Journal $1 00

and Gleanings in Bee-Culture 2 00 173

Bee-Keepers' Guide 150. .. 140

Bee-Keepers' Review 150 140

The Apiculturist 175 165

Bee-Keepers' Advance 150 140

Canadian Bee Journal 2 00 ... 180

The 7 above-named papers 5 25 5 00

and Langstroth Revised (Dadant) 3 00 2 To

Cook's Manual(1887 edition) 2 25.. . 2 00

Quinby's New Bee-Keeping. 2 50 2 25

Doolittle on Queen-Rearing-. 2 00 175

Bees and Honey (Newman).. 2 00 175

Binderfor Am.BeeJournal. 160 150

Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth). 3 00 2 00

Root's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25 2 10

Farmer's Account Book 4 00 2 20

Western World Guide 150.... 130

Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150 140

A Year Among the Bees 150 135

Convention Hand-Book 150. .. 130

Weekly Inter-Ocean 2 00 175

Toronto Globe (weekly) 2 00 170

History of National Society. 150 125

American Poultry Journal.. 2 25 150

The Lever (Temperance) 2 00 ... . 1 75

I)o not send to us for sample copies
of any other papers. Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.

AI^FRED H. NEYVIVXAIV,

BUSINESS MANAGER.

[ZZZZZZZXZTXXZZZZXZXZXXXZZZXXZZZZ>

Jlxisiuess Notices.

Subscribers who do not receive theii-
papers promptly, should notify us at once.

E^" Money in Potatoes, by Mr. Joseph
Greiner. Price, 25 cents, postpaid. For sale
at this office.

irW~ Red Labels are nice for PaDs which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

^^ Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.

U^" Send us two new subscriptions, with
$2.00, and we will present you with a
" Globe " Bee-Veil for your trouble. (See
the fuller notice in the advertising col-
umns.)

m^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

Jt^" Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Jouknal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

It^" Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jour-
nal at $1.85 for the two; or with both our
Home Journal and Bee Journal for $2.50
for aU three papers.

1^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please wiite American Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

I[^" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices ;

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

" 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 25

•' 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

|^"When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book,
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

H^" A "Binder" made especially for
the American Bee Joltknal, and lettered
in gold, makes a very convenient way of
preserving the copies of the Bee Journal
as fast as they are received. We offer it,
postpaid, for 60 cents ; or as a premium for
two new subscriptions, with $2.00. It can-
not be mailed to Canada.

Ttmm mimmmicKn mmm j©'135rnkl.

493

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

NEW YOKIC, July 7.— New Soutliorn cx-
triicaeil is arriving freely, Inil. tho quality is
poor, and prices are dcclinlnff. Wo (luoto
from miwiio oonts per gallon. New extracted
oraiiKo l>loss(ini honey. "ff/iT'i cents. New ex-
tracti'rt Caliliirnia wnite saKC liiniiiic. Cali-
fornia ligiit amber, r)!4@5 '/4c. Beeswax, scarce
and firm at 20Oa0c.

HILDKETH BHOS. & SEGELKEN,

28-ao West Broadway.

CHICAGO. June 4.— Demand continues good
for strictly white cloyer honey, and our re-
ceipts are being taken as fast as they arrive.
What. little stock we have, consists of buck-
wheat in 1 and 3-lb. sections, which is dull
and slow sale. We quote: White clover 1-lbs.,
12V4@1.3'/4c; buckwheat, 7@nc. Beeswax very
scarce at 25@-36c for bright, and a.3@24e for
dark. S. T, FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, June 19. --We received to-
day the first shipment of new comb honey
from Independence, Mo.— nice white 1-pound
sections, )iut up in handsome white crates
holding 12 sections each. It sells at 15®16c

Ser pound. Extracted, white, .5®6c; dark, 3c
ieeswax. 25c.

CLEMONS. CLOON & CO.,

Cor. 4tli and Walnut Sts.

CHICAGO, July 8.— Market is bare of honey
of all kinds, both comb and extracted. New
comb will bring 13c. A little fancy has been
sold at l.ic. Extracted from 6@Sc. Weather
is warm, but there is some dcmaad. Beeswax,
37@28c.

R. A. BUKNETT, 161 S. Water St.

MILWAUKEE. June 2. — The market for
honey is in a fair condition. The old stock is
getting out of sight, and values are sustained
on choice qualities. We quote: Choice white
1-lb. sections, 1.3@14c: medium 1-lbs., ll@12c;
dark 1-lbs., 9(g'10c; 2-lbs., normal. Extracted,
in barrels and half barrels, white, 7®8c; dark,
6@6',4c. Beeswax, 26@30c.

A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.

DETROIT, July 8.— No new honey in the
market, and no desirable old is left. It is quo-
ted at 10@13c. Extracted, 7Cn8c. Beeswax,
27®28c.

M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.

KANSAS CITY, June 13.— Market cleaned
up on old comb and extracted, and new crop
or comb arriving. We quote: White 1-lbs.,
13c: dark, ll®12c; white 2-lbs., 12@13c; dark,
10®llc. Extracted, white. C@7c: dark, 5c.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS, 514 Walnut St.

BOSTON, July 9.— Fancy 1-lbs., 16c; 2-lbs.,
15c. Extracted, 8@9c. Honey .sales are very
slow. We have recently received a shipment
from Michigan, of very fine stock, which is an
ample supply for us for the summer.

BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.

CINCINNATI, July 9.— Demand Is good for
the new crop of extracted and comb honey.
Judging by present arrivals, there has been a
good crop harvested. Extracted brings 5@8c.
Comb honey, 12®il5c for best white. Beeswax,
in good demand at 24@26c on arrival,

C. F. MUTH & SON,

Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

Chapman Honey-Plant tieetl.-

This plant has been commended by some of
the most experienced bee keepers in
America, as being " a most valuable acqui-
sition to the list of bee-forage plants." The
seed may be scattered in waste places, or
it may be sown in drills or hills like onion
seed. We can furnish the seed, postpaid,
at the following prices: Single ounce, 40
cents; 4 ounces, $1.00; 10 ounces, $2.00;
or one pound for $3.00.

READERS

or this Journal who
nrrite to any of onr
advertisers, either In
ordering, or asking about the Goods
offered, will please state that they saTO
the Advertisement In this paper.

A IVcw Mctliod (if Treaiiiifl; llis(^iise.

HOSPITAL REMEDIES.

What are they ; There is a new departure
in the treatment of disease. It consists in
the collection of the specifics used by noted
specialists of Europe and America, and
bringing them within the reach of all. For
instance, the treatment pursued by special
physicians who treat indigestion, stomach
and liver troubles only, was obtained and
prepared. The treatment of other physi-
cians, celebrated for curing catarrh, was
procured, and so on tiU these incomparable
cures now include disease of the lungs,
kidneys, female weakness, rheumatism and
nervous debility.

This new method of " one remedy for one
disease " must appeal to the common-sense
of all sufferers, many of whom have experi-
enced the ill effects, and thoroughly realize
the absurdity of the claims of Patent
Medicines which are guaranteed to cure
every ill out of a single bottle, and the use
of which, as statistics prove, has ruined
more stomoc/is tlian alcohol. A circular
describing these new remedies is sent free
on receipt of stamp to pay postage, by
Hospital Remedy Company, Toronto, Can-
ada, sole proprietors.

51D26t Imly.

Hee-Keeping tor Profit, by Dr.

G. L. Tinker, is a new 50-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted honey, and the construction of
the hi ve best adapted to it — his "Nonpareil. ' '
The book can be had at this office for 25c.

ty The Northern IIUnoiB Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, will hold its fall meeting at Harlem. Ills., on
Axis. 19. 1890. D. A. FULLER, Sec.

GOLDEN

ITAIilAN QUEENS BY

RETCRN MAIL. See last
week's Journal for prices.
^^^^^^^^^^^" Address,

29Dtf JAS. F, WttOD, North Prescott, Mass.
Metition the American Bee Journal.

$1

*i AAA IN GOIiDcanbe had: $1.00 bill sent

U bring" you in return, prepaid,
a Golden Box containing 30 useful articles,
tog-ether with $20.00 in C ffloiiey. A sure
thing^. Address, ART AGENCY,
6M;U— 24A6t Box 950, Circleville, Ohio.

"A Year Anions; the Bees"

^ talk about somcof the Implements, Plans

and Praoticen of a Bee Keeper of 25

years' experience, who han for 8

years made the Production

of Honcn his E^rcluslve

Business.

By Dr. C. C. MILLER.

Its descriptions commence with the neces-
sary work in the spring-, and run through the
entire Year, detailing the methods of doing, as
wellas telling when to do, all that should be
done in the apiary. It contains 114 pages, and
is nicely bound in cloth.

«^ Price, 50 cents, by Mail^

Or it will be Clubbed with the American Bee
Journal for one year, for only $1.35.

THOICAS G. JXSVnOAXt & SOIf,

-46 Bast Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Fdliliiig Paste-Boanl Box

roK coHK iio.^i:t.

IT HOLil>S A SECTION of Comb Honey,
preserving it from dust and dirt in a Store,
and the "red-tape" handle makes it convenient
for the purcha.ser to carry it home.

The label shown on the Box, is our " No. 5
Gummed Label," but any of the Gummed
Labels can be put on them, by the honey-
producer.

We can furnish these Folding Boxes for one-
pound Sections. 4%x4U„ for $1.00 per 100, or
$8.60 per 1.000, by express. The name and
address of the honey-producer will be printed
on 1,000 or less, for 75 cents extra.

A Job Ijot ofFolclIng Boxes, which will
hold Sections 5x5 inches, or less, will be sold
at only 80 cents per 100. ORDEK EARLY
to get these, as the supply is limited.

THOMAS G. NEWMAN &. SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Yellow -Banded Cariiiolans !

ANEW Strain of Bees— Queens large and
extra prolific — Bees handsome, very gen-
tle, and great honey-gatherers. Those who
are looking for a New Strain of Bees should
send one dollar ($1.00) and recelre one of these
Fine Queens by return mail. Safe arrival
guaranteed. Address,

HE>RY AI.L,EV,
29A2t WENHAM, MASS.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Li LJ Li L^ READING MATTER,

P M P n to all "'ho "ill address

J. JL I. J—/ 1—J Bo.ic 1516,

29 A It Fresno City, Calif.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Wanted, Conib Honey !

WE WANT to exchange a part of our stock
of Bee-Keepers' Supplies for nice Comb
Honey in one-pound sections. Parties having
honey to dispose of, please w rite us the amount ,
you have, and the price wanted. We will also
pay cash for nice honey.

A. D. EliLlINtiWOOD, milan, IW. H.

29A2t

Mention the American Bee Journal.

HANDLING BEES

A PAMPHLET, treating of the taming
and handling of bees. Just the thing for
beginners. It is a chapter from "The lilye
and Honey-Bee, revised." Price, 8 cts.
Advice to beginners. Circulars, &c., free.

CHAS. DAD ANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ills
Mention the American Bee Journal.

494

tmm m^mmmi^mm mmm j@iaiMi«Mi*o

>.,^^.^^.».^.^A.<f.^^*^-^-».*.».^^.-»..^*-*^*-*-*^*^-^*-^--^---*-^-^-^^^f^'^:^^*-^*-^^-^-*--^A^

^Eighth i Edition i Just ^ Published^

I1le>v and Rerissetl Kdition

HONEY,

Management of the Apiary

FOR PLEASURE AND PROFIT

— IIY—

THOMAS G. NEWMAN,

Editor 01 Vie American Bee Journal.

This edition has lacen largelj re-written,
thoroughly revised, and is "full^' up with the
times" in allthcimprovementsand inventions
in this ra pidlv-developins- imrsuit.and presents
the apiarist with everything- that can aid in
the successful manajf ement of an apia^^■, and
at the same time produce the most honey in
an attractive condition. It contains 250
pages and 245 illustrations — is beautifully

Erinted in the highest style of the art, and
ound in cloth, gold lettered. Price, $1.00—
postpaid.

LiBEnAi, Discount to dealers, by the dozen
or hundred.

THOMAS G. KEWMAIT & SON,
246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

This new edition of our Bees and
Honey will be given as a Premium for only
three new snbsci-ibers, with $3.00 ;
or clubbed with the this Jouknal for $1.75.

British. Bee Journal

AND BEE-EEEFEBS' ADVISEE,

IS published every week, at 6«. 6d. per
annum. It contains the very best practical
information for the apiarist. It is edited by
Thomas Wm. Cowan, F.G.S., F.R.M.S., etc., and
published by John Huckle, King's Langley,
Herts, England

CANADIAN QUEENS!

blVE THEM A TRI.lIy.

Each. Per Time. terViOm.

Italians, Virgin * .40. ...$1.00....$ 1.7.5

Untested 1.00 ... 2.75.... .5.00

Tested 1.30.... .3.75.... 7.00

SelectTested, 2.00.... 6.00.... 10.00
Address, K. F. HOI.TEKMANN,
27A8t ROJINEV, Kent Co., ONT.

Scientific Queeu-Reariiig

AS PRACTICA1.1.Y APPLIED;

Being a Method by which the very best of

Queen-Bees are reared in perfect accord

with Nature's Way ; by

Gr. M. DOOLITTLE.

In this book the author details the results
of his Experiments in Rearing Queen-Bees for
the past four or five years, and is the Hrst
to present his discoveries to the World.

Bound in Cloth— 176 pages— Price, $1.00,
postpaid : or, it will be Clubbed with the
American Bee Journal one year, for $1 75—
with the Illustrated Home Journal, for $1.75 ;
or the two Journals and the Book tor $2.50.

THOS. G. NEWMAN A: SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION

H.VS NO S.m IN BICOOO KK.V.IIES.

THIN FLAT BOTTOM FOUNDATION

Hati» no Fisb-boiie in Surplui!> Honey.

Being the cleanest is usually worked
the quickest of any Foundation made.

J. VAN DEUSEN A: SONS,

Sole Manufacturers.

Sprout Brook, Montgomery Co., N. Y.

Voice Of Masonryi Family Magazine.
Three yeur^'a Paper and twenty-five -i Maga-
zine. Now unexcelled. Containetine Portraits
and lUastrations, and a great variety of articles,
Htorles and p'ems for Freemaeone and their fara-
iUee; 8l«o kastirn Star, Masonic OIcanloBs and
Editorial DeiiartnieDts. Price pei year, $.3.00.
JOHN W. BROWN, Editor and Publisher,
188 <S 184 S. Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois.

lAlf

Mention the American Bee Journal.

^QUARE ^ONEY QaNS

The above illustration shows the 00 pound
Squaue Hon'et Ca>'s which are becoming
quite popular for shipping extracted honey.
They are enclosed in
a solid case of wood,
and the boxes contain
either one or two Cans
as may be preferred.

We can furnish them
at the following prices,
with a l>g-inch Screw
(_'ap in the corner of
each Can.

For the convenience
of digging out candied
honey, we can furnish
^ these Cans with an

additionaT four-inch Screw Cap for 5 cents
extra on each Can.

1 Single Can .... (boxed) « _.45

5.00

40.00

.75

8.40
65.00

THOMAS G. NEWUAN Sc SOK,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

13 " Cans .
100 " "...

1 box of two Cans.
13 boxes "

100 " "

COMBINED

ANVIL, VISE m DRILL

The Handiest Tool in Use about a
FARM, SHOP, OFFICE OB HOUSE

Purely bked — Purely
MATED. Won tirsjt prem-
ium over all competitors
at Buffalo International,

September, 1889. Nose Better in America !

Send for Price-List. Order early.

loAtf E. n. KEEJEV. Imiiorlfr and Breeder, Arcade, H. \.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

QUEENS!

Jones' Frame Pliers.

FOR taking frames out of hives, or
moving them in any way desired. It is
made of Japanned iron, and can be utilized
In many ways. It has a long claw for loos-
ening frames, and a hook which maybe used
tor carrying other frames besides the one
held by the Pliers. Price, 40 cents., by mail.
By express, 30 cents.

THOS. G. NKl^MAN & SON,
246 East Madison St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

Price, Coiuplete, $4.00.

The Drill Attachment can be put on or taken
off instantly. Farmeis especially will find it
of great convenience to be able to drill a hole
through a piece of Iron without making a trip
to town. The Anvil and Vise combine strength
and durability, the whole making one of the
most complete and useful tools. Width of
Jaw, 1% inches.

THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Establislied 1878.

SMITH & SMITH,

Wholesale and Retail Man-
ufacturers of

Bee-Keepers' Supplies,

H.ENTOK, OHIO.

Price lilst Free. 9D)y

Mention the American Bee Journal.

SPfTIAIHS $3.00 per 1.000. Foundation,
tlV 1 IViliS Alsike Clover Seed and Japanese
Buckwheat, cheap as the cheapest. Spec-
ial prices to dealers. Send for our free
PRICE LIST. HI. H. HUINT,
IDtf BELL BKANCH, MICH.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

HOIYALMMAC!!

JUST the thine needed to create a demand for
HONET at home. Bee-lteepers should scatter
it freely. It shows the uses of Honey for Medicine,
Bating. Drinking, Cooking, for making Cosmetics
Vinegar, etc. ; also uses of BEESWAX. Price, Sets.;
25 copies tor $1.10; 50 copies, 11.70; 75 copies, 12.30 ;
100 for (2.90. The foregoing are POSTPAID prices ;
following are prices when sent by express or freight;
1011 for »2.50; 500 for 110.00; 1,000 for 115.00. The
Bee-Keeper's CARD will be printed on the first page
without extra cost, when 25 or more are ordered at
one time. Address,

THOS. G. NEIVBIAN & SON,
246 East Madison St., - CHICAGO. ILL

BEES AND HONEY

Th.' Dovetailed StronjceBt, Best a
Cheapidt BKE-II I VK ^r »H P"fp

^_irpos-

'3 '.:^'''rv t>'iu V , iDi-'ur* ^,'our ad"

rfr.-^s til the Lareeftt' IJee-HlTe Fne-
> lorT In the World f"C sample copj of
; (llc»i.lngi.lnBceCultare a$l! "s-
' rratvil eenii-monHilT), arid a 44 p. Ulus-^
I irattd lalalojrue of Itee-Kerpfr»
Souppllcn. Our \ B C of Bee Oul-

'is a cyclopedia of 400 pp.. 6x10, and

Price in clolh.Sl.'ii. tj" *'»«»»

_ .paper. A. I. ROOT. Medina, O.

Mention the American Bee .Jovmal.

TMm mm^Ricmn be® jqurnki,.

499

-^ PUBLISHED HY ■- -■

THOS. G. NKWMAN 8^ SON,

SS^S^

KniTOR.

m,im July 26, 1890. No. 30.

Texas !!$tatislics, — Last year the
total number of colonies in the State was
146,3^2 ; total number of pounds of honey,
3,610,100; total value of the honey,
$357,989.

■ That grand old master in apiculture,
Dr. Dzierzon, has again been honored. He
Avas presented, on March 39, 1890, by
Prince Luitpold, of Bavaria, with the
order of St. Miuhael. The honor was well
bestowed.

S<?Ilinar tite Honey Crop too soon,
and consequently at too low a price, is thus
commented upon in a letter advising cau-
tion on the part of bee-keepers, by Prof. A.
J. Cook, of Agricultural College, Mich. :

I think that it would be well to caution
bee keepers not to sell their honey too
quickly. In this vicinity— and I fear we
are not peculiar— the honey product has
been almost nothing. It is as bad as it was
two years ago. I believe that the price of

•°|-T,°iu^'u'"^ ^®''>" bigh, unless Califor-
nia fills the breech.

The Hot Wave since July came in
has been oppressive-the temperature
keeping up into the nineties most of the
time. The heat has dried up the nectar in
many localities, and ruined the honey crop.
In other places the crop is a fair one. On
the other hand, it may be said, that the
sultry weather has had the effect of ripen-
ing wheat very rapidly, and pushing for-
ward everything which is approaching the
season of harvest. An exchange remarks
thus :

Outside of the discomfort of such weather
It frequently has a salutary effect on crops
at this season, and a season without a few
nrnH,, ^'*''' '^ °ot Often among the most
Cn^il"^ °r'- u " *^ ^"-^^'y predicted by
many, though, that the summer of 1890
will be one of extreme heat.

Toa<].s are enumerated among the Ene-
mies of Bees. The following, from a cor-
respondent, has just come to hand :

CiHTswouTH, Ills., July 16, 1890.
Some ask do toads catch bees '. I an-
swer, yes, tliey do. / kium that toads
catch been. I saw one do it : in fact, I
caught it in the very act. His toadship sat
about 3 or :-i inches from the front of the
hive, on the alighting-board, and about
once in 2 or 8 minutes its tongue would
dart out ; then came a snap of its delicate
little mouth, and that was the last of the
bee. I caught it and examined the con-
tents of its stomach, and have sent to the
Bee JoiH.v.^L s]>ecimen bees therefrom, and
I think that the editor will agree with me
that toads do catch bees. M. M. Millek.

Oh, yes ! we fully agree with that prop-
osition, and have many times published
the proofs that toads catch bees. In fact,
in our Museum, there are the remains of
bees taken from a toad's stomach. On
June 9, 1883, Mr. W. A. Shewman, of
Randolph, N. Y., sent us the following,
which was published on page 313, of the
Bee Journ.il for that year :

A few evenings since I went out to my
apiary, and in front of the entrance to one
hive I discovered a large toad. I watched
him a few moments, and saw him catch
bees as they ventured out on the alighting-
board. The toad would twist his mouth and
turn from one side to another after swal-
lowing a bee. I caught the toad and made
an investigation. First cutting off his head
I examined the inside of the mouth, where
was found several stingers in the jaw and
roots of the tongue, where the bees had
stung him when he closed his mouth upon
them. I then opened the body and pressed
upon the stomach, when nine nice Italian
bees came out, lifeless. Others remained
in the stomach, enough, I think, to have
made the number 18 or 30. In answer to
the question, "Will toads catch bees <" I
can certainly answer, they lolll.

^^^^■^■^■~--'-~-^'^-' — ' — I

■low IVcnliar it sounds to talk
about the seasons in New Zealand. Bees
were put into winter quarters in May or
early June. "Early .spring" means Au-
gust ! All of this will be seen in the
" Seasonable Hints for June" in the New
Zealand Ji^rnner of June 1, 1890, which
reads thus :

Once more we have arrived at the sea-
sou of the year when all the work in the
apiary, at least so far as the bees them-
selves are concerned, should be finished for
the next two months at least. They should
even be snug in their winter quarters, but
in case anything should have been left un-
done no time should be lost in setting
things right. In the ordinary course of
things it is better that the bees should
remain as quiet as possible until the time
comes round again for overhauling the
hives in early spring, which will be .some-
time during the month of August.

Tlie Rush — By the time this issue
of the Bee Joithx.^l is in the hands of the
readers, we e.xpect to have caught up with
our orders on sections, etc., and will then
most gladly resume our usual promptness
in filling orders. The past season has been
most perplexing and exasperating— be-
cause we were at the mercy of others, and
were totally unable to fill promises made
in good faith. We had laid in a stock which
we thought was sufficient to meet all the
requirements, but one which proved to be
totally inadequate. Then fire destroyed
the factories, and more could not be had
as fast as needed.

Relief came, however, by the failure of
the honey crop in many localities ; order§
were countermanded, and the money re-
funded by the next mail, in all instances
where the goods had not already been
shipped. In no case was a letter or com-
plaint left unanswered for a day ; this
required much additional labor, but it kept
our patrons posted, and told them as nearly
as possible what to expect.

It is now all over, and very likely it will
take all next season to use the goods
ordered this year. On this account it will
not be strange if next season's demand for
supplies should prove to be very limited !

There are 380 persons by the name
of "Newman " enumerated in the Chicago
City Directory, which is just published. It
is therefore quite essential when writing
to us to put either "346 East Madison
Street" on our letters, or to carefully write
the full name of the firm. To write Ameri-
can Bee JouRN.iL on the corner of the
envelope, will insure proper delivery.

A little care in addressing letters will
save considerable annoyance, and perhaps
delay or loss. Instead of 246, an order
was mailed to us at 146 East Madison
Street, on July 1, and it being a hotel, the
letter was delivered there by a new letter
carrier, and kept for some one to enquire
for it. About ten days afterwards we
accidentally heard that a letter was there
addressed to us, and went after it. It was
an order for goods, for which the writer
was in a hurry. This is but one of the
many incidents which exhibit the necessity
for being particular in addressing letters.
We always enclose printed "return en-
velopes" in our correspondence, to prevent
mistakes.

gW At the Seminary at Lavel, France,
a model apiary of 35 colonies of bees has
been established, the proceeds and swarms
to be divided among the teachers of the
District, which has a tendency to draw
men of learning into apiculture, and spread
the industry and art among the people. It
is strange, that republican France does not
rule all its Districts alike. The President
of the District of the Seine-et-Oise ordered
that all enclosed apiaries must maintain a
distance of 10 metres, and 3 metres high ;
and all apiaries not enclosed, a distance of
100 metres from aU adjoining neighbors ;
in the Department of Seine-et-Marne, a
distance of 35 metres is required, which
order compels teachers and ministers to
dispose of their apiaries.— Tramlatcd from
an Exchange by the Rev. S. Roese.

Systematic work will pay in the

apiary. Keep a notebook and record, and
you will never regret it.— D. B. Emery.

Bee-diltiire iu Rliode Island.

The United States Department of Agri-
culture has just issued the "Experiment
Station Record " for May. When speaking
of the industry of bee keeping in Rhode
Island, on page 296, it remarks as follows
on the Report of the apiarist, S. Cushman,
since his appointment iu March, 1889 ;

A yard of 10 colonies has been estab-
lished, and made as nearly as possible a
model working apiary. The desired va-
rieties of bees have been procured, a daily
record taken of the weight of a hive, a
show of bees in glass hives made at the
County Fair, etc., used by prominent
American jjroducers, and designed as a
permanent exhibit at the Station. Sixteen
colonies were preiiared for winter, 3 placed
in the cellar, and the rest left on their
summer stands, which were surrounded by
a water-tight outer case.

The Report then sums up Bulletin No. 4
(pages 71 to 90), issued in December,
1889, thus;

Statistics of this industry are quoted
from the crop and other reports of this
Department, and from the Rhode Island
census of 1885. Improvements in hives,
varieties of bees, and management of api-
aries are described.

The value of bees not only as honej' and
wax producers, but also as agents in the
cross-fertilization of plants is urged, with
quotations of the opinions of many authori-
ties on this subject.

The wide-spread belief that bees injure
fruit is combated with citations from re-
jiorts of the Division of Entomology of this
Department, the published opinions of
Profs. Packard and Gray, and the testi-
mony of practical agriculturists iu Rhode
Island.

Attention is called to the decision of the
Supreme Court of Arkansas (June. 1889),
that it is unconstitutional to prohibit bee-
keeiiiug, and to a recent German law (Oct.
1, liS89,) protecting this business.

It will thus be seen that we are making
history. The Government Records now
show that to "prohibit bee-keeping" is
iincrmstitutional ! That point is decided
by the Supreme Court of a sovereign State
of the American confederation ! Not only
is this stated in an offlcial document com-
ing from the Agricultural Department of
the United States Government, but refer-
ence made to a recent law passed in
Germany, on Oct. 1, 1889, "protecting
the business" of bee-keeping !

Whence all this interest in the "little
busy bee " and its rUjhts ? Oh ! that is
easy ! The National Bee-Keepers' Union
has been at work ! With all its influence,
power, energy— and money— it protested
against the unjust laws of the corporation
of Arkadelphia, which had cast into prison
a bee-keeper, simply because he kept bees
inside that city's limits ! The Union did
not stop after "protesting"— it fought the
Mayor and City Council— dosing them with
arguments of law, decisions of law, and the
unconstitutionality of prohibiting any
honorable pursuit !

More than this, the Union hired the best
attorneys in the State, and forced a
decision from the Supreme Court, which
gave justice to that honorable industry —
i honey production ! and at the same time
! preserved to every bee-keeper his rights
under the Constitution of the United States
of America !

j And yet there are thousands who are
' deeply iuterested in the cause defended
by the Union, who have never yet shown
their appreciation by becoming members
I of it I Impossible as it may seem — still it
is as true as it is ungenerous. It shows
wonderful apathy !

A Xerrible 4^'aluniity befell an
excursion party on the evening of July 13,
1890, while crossing Lake Pepin, in Wis-
consin, on the steamer "Sea Wing." Of
the sad disaster resulting iu such great loss
of life by drowning, the Rev. Stephen
Roese, of Maiden Rock, Wis., who lives
near the scene of death, writes as follows ;

We are in the midst of a dreadful
calamity and great sacrifice of life, by the
great tornado which passed over us last
Sunday night. Among the number of
towns and villages dotted along Lake
Pepin, many people mourn the loss of some
friend. The excursion boat leaving Dia-
mond Bluff, took in passengers at all points
of landing, for the Soldiers' Re-union at
Lake City, Minn., on Sunday afternoon.
In the evening, at 8 o'clok, when on its way
back, the boat was struck by the tornado,
and immediately turned bottom side up —
only 33 persons out of 340 being saved.
I Among them was an innocent babe, which
! came floating the next morning to the Lake
City shore, with a life-preserver on, alive
and laughing, and as yet no owner has
been found. Mr. Basey, the restaurant
keeper, took the little navigator in as their
own. My folks went there, and they said
that the sight was terrible, as coats, hats,
shawls, ribbons, etc., were floating on the
lake. Up to this date, 84 bodies have been
found.

It seems as if a pall was hanging over
this whole section of country ; every face
one meets, carries a gloom.

Stephen Roese.

Practical Sanitary and Economic
Cooking, Adapted to Persons of Moderate
and Small Means," is the name of a new-
book by Mrs. Mary Hinman Abel. It con-
tains the " Lomb " Prize Essay, which
received the $500 oR'ered by Mr. Henry
Lomb, of Rochester, N. Y., in 1888, for the
best essay written on the subject treated
of, in this book of 190 pages. This essay on
"The Five Pood Principles, Illustrated by
Practical Recipes," should be read by all
who desire to become proficient in prepar-
ing for their tables, the most healthful and
nutritious food. The work is commended
to t'->e public, with the belief that it is un-
equalled, and will be productive of most
excellent results, if thoroughly read and
practiced. It is published at 40 cents per
copy, by the "American Public Health
Association," P. O. Drawer 289, Rochester,
N, Y.

Marketing Calilbi'nia Honcy.^

—Mr. R. H. Young, Secretary of the
" Producer's Union," of San Diego, Calif.,
has this to say about marketing the ex-
tracted honey crop in that State ; much of
it may apply as well to the honey-pro-
ducers of other localities :

The Producers' Union makes a few sug-
gestions. Heretofore old cans and cases
have been used quite extensively. The
result has been to cause dealers to look
with suspicion upon honey from this county
as well as others of Southern California.
Some who handled carloads last season lost
quite a good deal because of the old pack-
ages in which the honey was put up. One
or two of these have declared that they
will have nothing to do this year with
honey not put up in new cans and cases.
Our honey-men should take notice of these
facts at once. The new packages cost a
little more than the old, but the honey will
bring enough more to doubly make up the
difference.

XrajisfeiTinjJ llees. — In reply to
several inquiries, we will say that Mr.
Heddon transfers bees in the following
way, which he claims to be far preferable
to the old way :

About swarming time he drives the
queen and a majority of the bees into a
forcing box, and then removes the old hive
back a few feet, and puts in its place a hive
with its frames filled with foundation, and
pours the forced swarm in front of it. All
field-workers will leave the old hive, and
join the queen. It would be well to return
a part of the bees to the old hive, for fear
that the brood will get chilled, being care-
ful not to take the queen. Twenty-one
days after the forcing of the bees, Mr.
Heddon drives the old hive clean of its
bees, uniting with the former drive. The
worker-brood is all hatched, and nothing
remains but the honey and comb, which
can be either transferred or honey extract-
ed and comb melted.

J^" There must have been something
sweet about a clothing store down in
Bangor, Maine. A telegram announced on
July 3, that " the clothing store of Frank
D. PuUen & Co., was invaded by a cloud of
bees yesternay, which cleared the store of
the proprietors and clerks, and occupied it
to the exclusion of all others until night,
when they were finally driven out."

.^ The " Seven Modern Engineering
Wonders of the World," described by
Arthur V. Abbott, with elaborate illustra-
tions, in the August number of "Frank
Leslie's Popular Monthly," are : The New
Forth Bridge, Scotland ; the Eiffel Tower,
Paris ; the New Croton Aqueduct, New
York ; the Blowing up of the Hell Gate
Obstructions, New York ; the Eads Jetties
at the Mouth of the Mississippi ; the St.
Gothard Tunnel, Switzerland ; and the
Brooklyn or East River Bridge.

Quick Work.— I received the Globe
Bee-Veil to day, and I am well pleased with
it. I am also very much pleased with the
quick delivery of goods. I received them
in two days and a half after the money
was sent.— Bert Viager, Moline, Ills.

•TBKK mM^mRlCTS,n m-BM JQURlHffJL.

501

Soii^' ol Ui-es aiKl $$ii»>iner.

Oh, listen— it is coniius '■

Don't you see the chiltlreu niuning f

Uou't you hear the gentle humming

Of the bees

In the trees
In the meadows, on the leas '.

It is coming — lovely June time
With its golden, radiant noon-time
And its paradise of bloom-time ;

Coming soon —

Perfect June —
Even now we hear its tune !

Starry daisies, crimson roses,
Banks of moss whereon reposes
Violet, queen of woodland posies,

These will come

When the sun
Just a few more rounds has run !

Bluebii'ds, bobolinks and thrushes.
Sweet will break the wood's deep hushes
When the east with morning flushes

On the hills

And the rills —
All the air with music thrills.

— Buffalo Express.

Sivarniing without Mucli Brood
or any Queen-Ceil.

Written for the American Bee Journal

QiEKV 719.— 1. Will bees swarm vpithout
much brood in the hive, or any queen cell
.started. 2. How long do they swarm before
the queen hatches, or is she hatched when
they swarm ;— B.

1. Occasionally. 2. About eight days,
as a rule. — G. L. Tinker.

Yes, when they desert their hives. The
writer had better read a little on bee-cul-
ture.—Dadant & Son.

1. Sometimes they will. 2. Sometimes
before, and sometimes after ; the time
varies from nothing to several days. — J. M.
Shuck.

1. Sometimes, but not often. 2. It
varies slightly ; about seven days. This,
of course, in case of first swarms. — A. J.
•Cook.

1. Sometimes. 2. Usually in a normal
condition a colony casts a prime swarm
•eight days before the new queen will hatch.
— J .AMES Heddon.

1. Yes. 2. Anywhere from a few min-
utes to twenty days. Read up the bee
books and papers Mr. (?) " B.," or else keep
•closer watch of the inside of the hive.— A.
B. Mason.

1. Not generally, but there are a few
exceptions. 2. The new queen generally
emerges from the cell in about eight days
after a prime swarm issues. — C.H.Ijibbern.

1. Rarely. 2. The first issues a week or
ten days before the young queen hatches,
and the second swarm goes with a young
ijueen.- C. C. Miller.

1. Yes. They may swarm from want of
stores, moth in their combs, and many
other causes. 2. From six to nine days,
if the colony is in a normal condition.— J.
M. Hambaurh.

1. Such a swarm would be abormal. 2.
I have had a queen hatch as soon as the
swarm was fairly out of the hive ; gen-
erally, however, the queen hatches about a
week after the swarm issues, but the time I
varies.— R. L. Tatlor. '

1. They will sometimes swai-ni with no —
or at least ()nly the I'udiments of, qucen-
cells — but never normall}', I think, without
a good deal of bi^ood. 2. Usually 7 to 12
days. — EiKiKXE Secou.

1. If the honey flow is good, Italians will
often swarm without queen-cells ; but not
without plenty of bees and brood. 2. In a
normal condition, usually from 2 to 12
hours, but with a sudden flow of honey,
they may swai-m before a queen-cell is
started. — Mus. L. Harri.hon.

1. Yes. 2. It depends on conditions. As
a general thing, look for queens from first
swarms in 7 to S days ; in second swarms
you will often find several queens come
forth at the same time. I have picked up
7 dead queens in front of a hive the ne.xt
morning after being hived. — H. D. Cutting.

1. I have known them to do so. 3. To
get an answer to this question, such as
would be of value, I advise "B." to get
some good text book on bees, and study it
carefully (say, " Bees and Honey " by the
editor of the A.merican Bee Journal), as
too much space would be required to give
an answer of value here. — J. E. Pond.

1 Under certain conditions, yes ; as a
rule, no. 2. The first or prime swarm
comes with the sealing of the first queen-
cell. The young queen from this "cell
hatches in seven days, and leads out an
after-swarm two or three days afterward,
if all is favorable. " B." had better buy a
good bee-book, and " post up " a little. — G.

M. DOOLITTLE.

1. In normal conditions bees will not
swarm when there is little brood and no
queen-cell. When there is plenty of brood,
and the hive crowded with bees, and weather
is hot, especially if the hive is poorly ven-
tilated, they will sometimes swarm with-
out starting queen-cells. 2. Usually a
young queen is hatched in from six to eight
days after the issue of a swarm with the
old queen. — M. Mauis.

1. When all the conditions for natural
swarming are correct, they usually have
plenty of brood and queen-cells started.
Demoralized bees often swarm out and
leave the hive in the conditions you state.
2. In this matter bees observe " no in-
variable rule." Generally five to eight
days, but sometimes the first queen is
hatched when the old queen leaves with the
swarm. — J P. H. Brown.

1. Not usually ; sometimes when the
queen is old and feeble. In rare cases bees
will swarm on a sudden impulse before
cells appear to a close observer. One of my
first swarms the present season went out
leaving no queen-cells started. How often
it occurs is a fact not always known, as
the hive is not always opened immediately
after the swarm issues. 2. If the weather
is regular, and everything works by the
general rule, the first young queen will
hatch on the eighth day after the swarm
issues, — G. W. Demaree.

1. Abnormal swarming often occurs ;
but when bees are in a normal condition,
they do not swarm with no brood in the
hive — nor queen-cells started. When it is
very hot, or in the midst of a great honey-
flow, they sometimes leave the hive for
want of room, in the condition stated in the
question. 2. The old queen leaves with the
swarm six or eight days before the first
queen is hatched.— The Editor.

Rev. Dr. John Dzicrzon.

■landlins' B«'«'S. — This is the title of
a nice pamphlet containing 28 pages and a
cover, published by Chas. Dadant & Son.
It is a chapter from their book, Langstroth
Revised, and is an excellent thing for be-
ginners. Price, 8 cts. For sale at this office.

John Dzicrzon, born in 1811, in a
village of Middle Silesia, studied, in
1830. at Bre,slau, Roman Catliolic the-
ology, having, at the same time, a
strong inclination for natural history
studies. In 1835 he was located as
priest at Carlsmarkt, in Silesia. His
parish was small, and his labors light.
All his spare time was given to practi-
cal bee-eulture, and the careful study
of all the previousl}' published bee-
literature, and the careful testing of
the various discoveries concerning the
nature of the bee.

Of great value to him now, iu his
observations and experiments, was his
arrangement of the hive with movable
combs, which he used long before
they were known in other circles. His
first essays appeared in the Frauen-
dorfern Blattern, His first contribution
to the Eicltstadter BiencM-Zeitung ap-
peared in No. 12, 1845, page 122.
Shortly afterwards, a nevv and im-
proved system of bee-culture, by Pas-
tor Dzierzon, was published bj- the
Bruckisch, commonlj' called "Theorie
and Praxis." So little profit did Dzier-
zon then anticipate from this valuable
work, that he allowed it to pass into
other hands, and it was published with
various notes, which served to deterior-
ate and mar it.

Later, this supplement to " Theorie
and Praxis" was published under com-
mission by Beck, in Nordlingen. Since
1846, he has been a constant contribu-
tor to the Eichstadter Bicnen-Zeitung,
and, at the great annual gatherings of
the German bee-keepers, he is the king
around whom they all cluster.

But he had a hard battle, until he
had broken the way, and made such
able opponents as Busch and Barou
von Berlepsch, his friends and well
wishers.

It is well known how he searched
deeper into the natural history of the
bee, and called to his aid the honored
zoologists, Leuckart and Von Siebold.
The result of all his scientific researches
and practical experiments, he gave to
the world in his great work, the sec-
ond edition of which was jjuljlished in

502

TH® SMBRICarf ®EE jeUMI*MI#.

1869, by Schneider, in Mannheim —
'• Die Biene und ihre Zucht mit bewe-
glichen Waben in Gegenden ohne
Spatsommertracht. "

In the Bicnen-Zeitung, Pastor C.
Weygandt, another eminent German
bee-keeper, wrote the following con-
cerning Dr. Dzierzon, and his great
work as a progressive apiarist :

" The prophet passes for naught in
his own country." This popular quo-
tation cannot be applied to the gi'and
master of German apiarists. The name
of Dzierzon has the purest sound upon
every German tongue, and finds the
gladdest echo in every German heart.

Dzierzon is the father of rational
apiculture in general — the reformer of
German bee-keeping in particular.
Through him, bee-keeping has been
enrolled into the rank and file of
scientific professions, and has been
elevated to its importance in national
economy. Dr. Dzierzon has stamped
from out of the ground bee-keepers in
numbers just as countless as the dew,
which the lovely Aurora brings forth
in the morntng.

Few were the years of disregarc
which were imposed upon the Dzierzon
System as a fire ordeal ; it was at the
time when the grand master for the
first time lifted up his prophetic voici-
in the wilderness and cried, "Repent!"
but ere long the new "theory ami
practice " found a path for itself, and
at the end of 1855, Father Dzierzon
could count as his own, all bee-keepers
of prominence, without exception.

And thus it is yet this day: "He
counted the heads of his beloved ones,
and see ! not one of the dear ones was
missing !" And if in any way or any-
where one or the other point of Dzier-
zon's teachings are questioned — the
Avhole system never is criticised ; it is
valued by the most hot-blooded com-
bat.ant as sacred, before which he must
pull his shoes from his feet, from his
hand the pointed quill, and from his
heart all resentment.

Amidst the world of Germany's bee-
culture, there exists this day only one
school of apiculture (old-fogy "shoots"
do not count), with many classes, it is
true. This one school of many classes
is essentially known throughout the
whole world, through its founder —
Father Dzierzon.

We should think that he who would
dare to lessen the merits of Dzierzon,
would render himself liable to immor-
tal ridicule. One can perceive with
his eyes, and feel with his hands the
truth of Dzierzonism (permit me to
make use of this new word). With the
naked ej-e, and still better, with the
eye armed with the microscope, we
can see that the parthenogeuetic gen-

eration of drones and drone-eggs is an
irrefragible fact. We see with and
without " spectacles" the advantages
of bee-keeping with movable combs ;
they lay upon our palm, the sparkling
pieces of gold.

Notwithstanding this, it has been at-
tempted more than once (although, and
gladly do we say it, not within the
fatherland of the prophet) to rob the
name of Dzierzon of its pure fame.
One of those attempts had for its pur-
pose to deny to Dzierzon the merits of
of having enriched natural science
through his discoverj- of the partheno-
genesis. This attempt has been re-
pelled without any trouble, but with
an overpowering keenness of thought.

Baron von Rauschenfels and Prof.
Sartori have, in their excellent book,

PtCV. JJr. John BzicvMn.

" L'Apicoltura in Italia," spoken of
German apiculture, and especially of
its regenerator. Father Dzierzon, with
the most commend.able respect. With-
out envy, they have shown in their
true light, all the noble achievements
of our grand master. Among other
things in their book, they mention the
following facts :

" The first one who raised the veil a
little which hid from our view the nat-
ural history of the honey-bee, was the
renowned Swammerdam, a Hollander,
the unexcelled anatomist of insects.
After him followed Huber, of Geneva,
whom we are pleased to call the father
of modern apiculture, because he has
left with us in his 'nouveUcs observa-
tions sur tcs abeiUes,'' a true law-book
of apiculture, an authentic and safe
guide, for all apiculturists.

"But, nevertheless, there were a
great many things yet unknown or
undecided, especially in reference to
the sexual relations of the bees and the
fructification of the queen, when a

new, bright star appeared upon the
apistic heaven of Germany — Dzierzon,
to whom is due the glory of having
frightened away with the torch of his
imperishable intelligence, those shad-
ovi's which as yet envelop the real
(inner) life of the bees. As Dzierzon
desired to have the bees right under
his own eyes, he formed those small
horizontal boards (in the hives of Mr.
Christj, by means of which he dis-
covered the movable sticks, a dis-
covery which brought about a com-
plete change in the science of apicul-
ture, as through this it gained a more
practical, rational and advantageous-
direction.

"After he had invented the movable
stick, it was not difficult for him to
discover a better habitation for this
insect — a liive in which those little
boards, the origin of our frames, could
be handled conveniently. With this
astonishing talent of observation,
Dzierzon graduallj' brought to the
clear light of day, one after another of
those dark points, in reference to the
anatomy and phj-siologj' of the bee."

All of these scientific, unprejudiced
and poetical sentiments will receive
the endorsement of every German bee-
keeper. More concisely and more
truthfully von Rauschenfels and Sartori
could not have treated the theme,
"What do we owe to Father Dzierzon?"

In reiterating simply the Italian
verdicts in reference to Dzierzon, I
have therewith already accomplished
my seeming task, which was to sit
in judgment, pupil-like, but going to
the bottom, over our grand master.
The final opinion of every impartial
meditation in reference to the merits
of Dzierzon, must end with the follow-
ing rhymeless strain :

Free and great, as none besides him,
stands the bee-keeper Dzierzon, within
the world of apiculture, honored and
beloved as the father of rational apicul-
ture, and the coming centuries, with
their surging billows, cannot wash off
a particle of the pure fame and the
glory of his name !

To aid our readers in securing a
fuller knowledge of Dr. Dzierzon's
valuable ideas of apiculture, we are
pleased to be able to supply his book
on "Rational Bee-Keeping" (trans-
lated into English) — a work of nearly
350 pages — which was published for
$2.00 a copy, bound in cloth, and $1.50
when bound in paper covers ; but in
order to place this book in the hands
of all interested in the progress of our
pursuit both in Europe and America,
we will mail the volume bound in
cloth, postpaid, for 11.00 ; or bound in
paper, for 75 cents.

•FMIE MMMRlCHNt WMM JO'lUMlTfRlL.

508

HIVES.

Large or Small Hives -Bec§
Unloading tiic Honey.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY G. M. DOOLITTLE.

the liivi; that they cannot take the
nectar fi-oni the field-bees as fast as
brought in.

All of my observations go to prove
that when a colony is in a nornoal con-
dition, all the field-bees give their
loads of honey to the young, or nurse-
bees, and these deposit it in the cells
after it is ripened, partially or wholly,
unless the rush of honey is so great
that these young bees have to deposit
it in the cells before i-ipening, to keep
up with the supply which is coming in.

When the bee comes in from the
field, it passes quickly about the hive
until it meets a young bee, when it
puts out its tongue to it, and if this
young bee has no load of honey, its
tongue is put out to meet the other,
when the load is passed from one to
the other. If this bee has,, a load,
another is sought until one is found
that can take it. That only young
bees are in the surplus department
during the busy portion of the day,
also points in the same direction.

In making swarms, this getting of
the right proportion of young bees has
an Important bearing upon our success.

Borodino, N. Y.

On page 825, our good friend, Chas.
Dadant, labors under a wrong impres-
sion, in thinking that Doolittle does
not know how to manage large
frames. I think he does to a certain
extent, though not equally well with
the small ones. If Mr. Dadant would
be perfectly fair to his readers, he
would tell them in these hive-discus-
sions that he works for extracted
honey, and that his articles are written
from" an extracted-honey stand-point,
doing the same as plainly as I have
always told the readers, that small
hives and the contraction plans are to
be used only when working for comb
honey.

While I am free to admit that what
Mr. Dadant says in his first sentence
in his article on page 325, relative to
my not having used large frames for
the production of comb honey, yet I
am equally certain that he is as ignor-
ant of the best hives and methods of
producing comb honey, as I am of the
other. When it comes to extracted
honey, we want large hives, every
time, as I have often said in the col-
umns of all the bee-papers ; but to
produce comb honey to the best ad-
vantage, no one, to my knowledge,
uses such a hive as Mr. D. recom-
mends ; therefore I do not see wherein
we disagree as badly as it is claimed,
when the reader understands the plane
of thought from which Mr. D. writes.

On page 326 he tries to take the re-
port of a bee-convention as given by
an ordinary newspaper reporter, to
corner me with. If he had read my
reports in the bee-papers of this same
colony which gave the 566 pounds of
honey, as carefully as he did that con-
vention report, he would remember
that I said that this colony had brood
in 32 combs, to the amount of about 15
full frames. I gave it so at the con-
^^vention, but the reporter made me say
(P32 combs filled with brood.

Again, any reasonable person would
consider it" impossible to extract 566
pounds of honey out of 32 combs which
were kept full of brood all the time.
Now, this hive was woi-ked for ex-
tracted honey, to see what could be
done with a colony of bees under
favorable circumstances, and was set
apai't for this special purpose at the
beginning of the season.

Another colony of about equal
strength was set apart for coml) honey,
and worked the same as I have ad-
vised working with a small hive and
the contraction system, and this colony
gave 30!) pounds of comb honey. Was
this a bad yield ? or did it " exist only
in imagination ?" In either case, it
was accomplished with a colony
worked in one of those small hives, and
the whole apiary worked on the same
plan, gave over 200 pounds on an
average from each colony that year.

When I came to sell the 309 pounds
of comb honey, it brought 116.72 more
than did the 566 pounds of extracted,
and in this Mr. Dadant will find the
solution of his saying, " It seems to
me that such a good crop would have
increased, instead of lessened, my pref-
erence for the large hives."

If I could dispose of exti-acted
honey at as paying figures as I can
comb honey, then I certainly would
work my apiai-y for extracted honey,
and would as certainly use large hives;
but when I must work for comb honey
to secure the greatest amount of pay
for the same amount of labor, then it
is that the small hives are the things
to use.

I told the readers of what I pre-
ferred, from a comb-honey stand-point,
so as to give my mite to those who
wished to try my plans and benefit
them, as I have been benefited in the
past by the "mites" given by others
to help me along. I freely accord to
Mr. Dadant the same privilege, and
am glad that he gave us the article he
did, so I will not return his compli-
ments by saying that he does not
know what he is talking about, or that
what he says only exists in imagina-
tion. The field of bee-culture is broad
enough for all, and as I have said be-
fore in these columns, all are free to
use what I describe, or equally free to
let the same alone.

SUPPLY DEALERS.

Conimenls on the Subject of
Ordering Bee-Supplies.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY MRS. B. J. LIVINGSTON.

BEES WITH LOADS OF HONEY.

In an argument relative to the
digested-nectar theory, I see it stated
that in harvest time the bees " go and
come, load and unload, as rapidly as
possible, and deposit their loads
directly into the cells." While I have
no comments to make on the rapidity
with which they go and come, load
and unload, yet I wish to say that I
believe the claim that they deposit
their loads directly into the cells, is a
mistaken one.

I have watched the bees for hours
through the glass of a single-comb ob-
servatory hive, and I never yet saw a
bee, upon coming into the hive from
the field, deposit its load of honej' in a
cell. I do not say that they never do
so, for I think that there may be times
when there are so few young bees in

The article on page 470 was not
written by my ■' supply dealer ;" such
an article would discourage a begin-
ner, who does not know what he or
she wants. The "Fikes" letter was a
model business letter, compared to the
first one I wrote to a supply dealer. I
suppose you could not imagine such
ignorance, but please remember that a
life spent on a frontier farm, raising
boys instead of bees, with scarcely ever
a ticket of leave from the farm, one
does not keep " booked up " with all
outside interests. So, when my boys
no longer needed all my time, the bee-
keeping fever began to burn.

I had the catalogue of but one "sup-
ply dealer" at that time ; I wrote him
that I wished to begin bee-keeping in
a scientific way, on a capital of about
$10.00— that I knew nothing of it, had
no bee-literature, did not know a sec-
tion from a bottom-board, and I actu-
ally asked him to advise me as to the
best investment that I could make to
start me right. I told him that I had
three "swarms" of black bees in "boxes
and things."

Now that letter would have thrown
Mr. "Supply Dealer's" clerk into
hysterics ; but the one I dealt with.

504

THE; aBdSMiesif mmw jQvwrmmjL.

wrote me in a very gentlemanly man-
ner— made out the bill, advised rae
what books to get, and the periodicals
to take. I sent him the 110.00. and
never added a dime apiece for the
questions ! Well, the more I read, and
the more I saw, the more I wanted,
until I sent him over 120.00 before the
first season was fairl}- under way.

Now in my case, I never could have
gotten started rightly if I had met witli
a "cranky" supply dealer. So, gentle-
men, have patience with beginners,
even though you employ an extra clerk
and charge for it in the bills. Our
bee-keepers have not all attended bus-
iness colleges, but were kept behind,
perhaps, by stern duties that will crip-
ple them all their lives. So, be patient
with us all — it will pay you best to do
so, in the long run.

Centre Chain, Minn.

COMB HONEY.

The Proper manasement for
Its Prodiiclion.

Read at the Ontario Convention

BY F. A. GEMMILL.

In preparing an article on the pro-
duction of comb honej', I certainly feel
my inability to do full justice to this in-
teresting part of apiculture. I trust,
therefore, you will overlook any ap-
parent attempt on my part at posing
as an authority on the same ; especially
as this essay is intended for the ama-
teur rather than the expert.

I may as well state right here, that
much of my information has been re-
ceived from the perusal of the various
bee-periodicals, the attendance at con-
ventions, and from conversation, with
friendly bee-keepers, all of which is of
great benefit to those engaged in the
production of honey in any shape
whatever. I wish, too, while on the
subject of conventions, to mention that
I never yet attended one, but that I
was more than repaid in dollars and
cents aside from the pleasure afforded
from meeting other bee-keepers.

While much depends on the style of
hive used, still too much stress can be
laid upon this point, as more actuall}-
depends on the character and duration
of the honey-flow, the mode or system
carried on by the operator, aud his
love for producing this particular kind
of nature's sweets in the best market-
able shape. All hives and supers
should, however, be of the same out-
side dimensions, in order to permit
thorough tiering, one above the other,
and all painted alike in color if pos-
sible. Again I am painfully aware
that but a short distance in location
makes a very great difference in man-

agement, so that one must be thor-
oughly posted as to his immediate
vicinity regarding flora, etc.

I will now proceed with the result of
my experience, combined with the in-
formation received as already stated,
and it may surprise some to learn that
the method actually commences with
the successful wintering and spi'inging
of the bees themselves, as very good,
strong colonies having prolific young
queens are what is required for this
purpose. Weak colonies are only a
vexation, and should be doubled up at
the commencement of the honey-flow
proper, or assisted with hatching brood
taken from the colonies jthat have just
swarmed. When little or no increase
is desired, this system will prove very
satisfactory. The time for placing on
supers is generally when th'e bees be-
gin to whiten the tops of the brood with
new wax ; instead, however, of giving
them a case of prepared sections, I
prefer adding a half story of drawn
comb above a queen-excluding honey-
board, and the giving of such a super
is preferable for the following reasons:

1. The bees are less inclined to
swarm, as they enter it more readily,
thus relieving the pressure on the
brood-chamber by the depositing there-
in of honey from below, or that newly-
gathered from the fields.

2. The centre sections are generally
occupied first, especially if the honey
comes in slowly, and consequently
these sections are first filled and
sealed, becoming travel stained by the
bees before any of the outer ones are
ready for the additional room, thus
affecting the snow-white appearance
which all comb honey should possess
if possible.

3. I have not been able to dispense
with the use of separators when giving
a case of sections before the super of
drawn combs referred to, as the cen-
ter sections are often bulged (for the
reasons given in No. 2) to such an ex-
tent as to render crating them a great
inconvenience. I have little or no
trouble, however, in this line, provided
the supers are well tilled with bees
througliout, and the honey is coming
in rapidly.

4. As soon as the half story is about
two-thirds full of honey, and capping
has commenced, it is then raised up
and a full case of sections containing
either starters or full sheets of thin
foundation is inserted between it aud
the brood-chamber.

5. With me the first honey deposited
in the surplus department is not as
nice in color or flavor as that gathered
after the flow is thoroughly established,
therefore as soon as the bees are nicely
at work in the sections below, it can
be removed, the honey extracted as a
second-class article, and again re-

placed on another colony to be filled
with a first-class article of extracted
honey.

TREATMENT OF SWARMS.

Swarming is generally expected
about this time, and as I practice the
cutting of the queen's wings, for rea-
sons too numerous to mention at pres-
ent, the swarm is treated as follows,
viz :

As soon as it commences to issue,
the hive is approached and the queen
secured in a small wire-cloth cage, and
while the swarm is still in the air, the
parent colony is removed and a new
hive is substituted, containing five
Langstroth frames, or their equivalent,
filled with foundation, the balance of
the hive being filled with dummies or
division-boards, or a still shallower
brood-chamber may be used, contain-
ing starters only, and the bees allowed
to build their own combs. As soon as
the swarm returns, and about one-
third of the bees have entered the hive,
the queen is liberated, and allowed to
run in with them. The surplus ar-
rangement is now removed from the
old colony and replaced over the new
one, having a queen-excluding honey-
board as before, when honey-storing
goes on apace as though no swarming
had taken place. If little or no in-
crease is desired, the bees are all
shaken from the combs of the parent
colony in front of the new hive, and
the brood placed above the queen-
excluding honey-board, on other colo-
nies that have not yet swarmed, and
as fast as the brood hatches from them
they are filled with honey for replac-
ing in the brood-chamber proper, in
the event of any being short of winter
supplies.

If. however, increase is desired, the
old colony may be left intact — in other
words, the bees are not to be shaken
from its combs, but allowed to remain
alongside the new one, its entrance
being turned away at an angle of 45
degrees, and gradually moved close to
the new one so that at the seventh or
eighth day the two hives are side by
side. Now, at mid-day, when most of
the bees are flying, the old colony is
removed to a new location in the
apiary, thus depriving it of nearly all
the field-bees, which go to replenish
the new swarm, aud at the same time
depopulating the old one to such an
extent that no further swarming may
be expected. This latter plan is
termed the Heddon method of pre-
venting after-swarms, and has proved
a success with me in every instance
when properly carried out.

Additional secttion-cases are given
from time to time as required, care
being taken, of course, that too much
room is not given, aud as a result a

TMif MMEKICJEINI mMW JOUMrtai..

505

* _>»■ > ^ * ^ .^^ ^ - — .-— , ^^^i^.^.^>.^*.^*— -^Tift^ar^-— •'■^^^

fc<fc*^A^A<

^^■*^*^*-^*-^*'^*-^*^

large quantity of unfilled scetious
when removed at the close of the
whole honey harvest. After assorting
out all those not sufficiently tilled for
market, the honey may be eithei- ex-
tracted, or the sections returned to
the hives in order that the liees may
remove the honey below, when they
can be stored away for next season's
use.

The brood-chamber is again enlarged
to its full capacity for securing the
benefit of a fall flow, should there be
one, or for inserting well-tilled combs
from the top stories of other colonies.

I have on!}- to add. should any one
think there is too much labor involved
in following out this system, and
knows of a better plan (there are
other good ones), yet has not the time
or inclination to attend to either, let
me advise them to stick to producing
extracted honey exclusivelj', as this
can be done with less time and atten-
tion, and also the controlling of the
swarming fever, brought more under
subjection. Apiculture unfortunately,
like many other pursuits, is not alto-
gether devoid of its hardships, and to
him that vvould succeed, a determina-
tion to overcome all obstacles is im-
perative. Failure is sure to come
sooner or later, and if any here pres-
ent, thinlc of entering it from a doUar-
and-cent point of view only, with
little or no love for the pleasure there
is in it, they had better think a second
time before investing much capital
therein.

Nothing is further from me than
that I should, by any remark of mine,
discourage those contemplating a trial,
as I entertain no motive whatever,
much less one of selfishness, other
than advising the amateur to go slowly,
for experience can sometimes be pur-
chased too dearly, as many already
know to their sorrow. Again, " noth-
ing succeeds like success," and there
is no reason why you should not suc-
ceed as others have already done.

Stratford, Ont.

LINDEN.

But Little Basswood Honey tlii§
Year.

Written for the Prairie Farmer

BY MRS. L. HARRISON.

This tree {Tilia Americana) is also
called the "lime." and Prof. Cook has
it enumerated as a July honey-plant,
which, no doubt is true for the States
of Michigan, Wisconsin, and others of
the same latitude. It bloomed this year
in this locality June 25, which is about
one week earlier than usual.

About twenty years ago Dr. Lucas,
who was then a very enthusiastic and

scicntilic bee-keeper, planted linden
trees around a city square, of Ijoth the
American and European varieties. He
has since passed over the divide, but
the trees bud and blossom, shedding
their sweet perfume as incouse to his
memory, and aftbrding refreshing
shade to weary travelers, joy to merry
songsters, and yielding precious nec-
tar for bees and man. Such a monu-
ment affords more joy and pleasure
than one from chiseled marble.

To-day I visited these trees, and
found that the bloom was sparse, fcs is
common with all other trees of this
kind, in this locality, owing no doubt
to the May freezing. There is very
little bloom remaining now, and that
onlj- upon one side of a tree. The
remainder contained neither seed-balls,
buds nor blossoms. The seed-balls
resemble the buds before they open so
much that many watch for the bloom
when it has flitted by. The bloom
yielded nectar this year, but there was
so little of it — there was hardly enough
to pass around.

THE WHITE HONEY HARVEST.

I am glad to say that I am not feed-
ing bees at present. During the past
fortnight they have been able to gather
a little more than a living, but the sur-
plus of white honey amounts to almost
nothing, and white clover is almost
gone. Sweet clover (raelilot) is just
commencing to bloom.

VERY FEW SWARMS-

The increase has been small, very
few swarms issuing. If I had not had
comb to give them, most of them
would have been returned. I never
had as many prime swarms, when the
sun was past the meridian as this j'car,
or lost as many queens during swarm-
ing. A bee-keeper of a dozen colonies
living near, has been watching eagerly
for his bees to swarm, but has had
none ; and one day lately, seeing many
bees in the air, he went out to see
from which hive they came, and was
surprised to see that the bees were not
coming out, but down, and entering
one of his unoccupied hives. He had
noticed before, that bees were going
in and out of that hive, and as it con-
tained comb, inferred that they were
seeking hone}', but was now convinced
that they were cleaning it out. pre-
paratory to taking possession of it;
and he gave them a hearty welcome.

HOT WEATHER VENTILATION.

The thermometer has been playing
around 100 degrees in the shade for
eight or ten tlays, and ye't no combs
have melted down, as bees understand
the art of ventilation so well. By
giving ample ventilation, enlarging the
entrances and raising the covers.

fewer fanners will be necessary, and
more laborers can go to the fields. It
is better, during such extreme hot
weather, to shade the hives, although
SLuishine is preferable during spring
and fall.
Peoria, Ills.

BOGUS HONEY.

What ]TIcai«ure§ Should be Taken
Against this Business ?

Read at the Missouri State Convention

DR. C. C. MILLER.

As this essay is merely intended to
open discussion, I will make it sugges-
tive rather than attempt to treat it
fully. The discussion of members will
bring out more fully the particular
local phase of the question, and in that
the proper steps to be taken may be
discovered more fully than can be
done by one not fully informed.

I suppose the bogus honey under
discussion to be adulterated extracted
honey. One of the first questions oc-
curing is — how much adulteration is to
be found ? I had supposed not so very
much of late, as the statement has
been frequently made that honey is
now so low, and glucose so high, that
adulteration is not profitable. Strin-
gent laws against the adulteration of
all food products are eminently proper,
and may do much good.

Without saying what may be the
best means to drive out adulteration,
let me suggest one means within the
control of bee-keepers that is too much
lost sight of. A good many years ago
when I was young in the business,
some honey that I put on the market
was objected to on account of its
quality. I stubbornly defended it,
taking the ground that " honey is
honey," and that this was a pure article
just as it came from the bees. This
was very true, but it was also true
that however pure it might be, it was
a very vile article in smell and taste.

As nearly as I can remember, at this
distant time, it was a very dark
and very ill-tasting sample of plant-
louse honey, withal somewhat soured.
Instead of withdrawing it from the
market, I left it until all was sold out,
and I suspect ray home market is
poorer to-day in consequence. I surely
think I educated a number of people
that honey was, or might be, a much
poorer article than they had supposed.

Now if I was allowed to sell such an
article, why should not a good article
of glucose with a better taste and a
better appearance be sold, always
providing it be sold under its real
name ?

If, on the other hand, a customer
has never tasted any but the best

506

TH^ JSMSMICMK mmm JQUmURI^.

quality of honey, will not his taste thus
educated, be a pretty good safeguard
against the purchase of an adulterated
article ? I do not think I can tell by
the taste whether a sample of honey is
pure or not, can you ? But I can tell
whether it is a real good article, and
so can you. Can you not distinguish
between an adulterated and a pure
article, provided the latter is of the
very best quality ? And suppose all
your customers are as well educated
as you, how much bogus stuff will they
buy in the presence of A 1 pure honey P

Now how much of the extracted
honej' that is sold is jnst as good as
can be secured ? Have not you, and
you, and you, sold extracted honey
that was more or less sour ? I venture
the guess that more than half the ex-
tracted honey on the market is more
or less sour.

If I am correct, then there would be
at least a heavy blow given the bogus
business, by seeing that every drop of
honey put on the market is thoroughly
ripened, and if any of it is a little " off"
in flavor, let it be graded accordingly,
and not sold for table use.

Mai'engo, Ills.

UNITING.

How to l^nile Weak Colonies-
Pasturage for Bees.

Written for the Iowa Homestead

BY WM. H. GRAVES.

I always try to keep a record of the
qualities and age of queens. As a rule,
I don't think it pays to keep a queen
after she is two years old. If 1 have
any preference, I destroy the poorest
and cage the one I want for a day or
two. It is generally unnecessarj* to do
this when the colonies to be united are
all or both weak. I sometimes unite
three in one. By taking an empty
hive and alternating the frames, there
will be no fighting. Weak colonies
are particularly subject to attack from
robbers.

In overhauling the colonies, it is
best to mark the ones strongest in
stores, so that if any should need feed-
ing, a frame of honey, or as many as
they need, can be given them from
those that can spare it. Nothing is
better, but if honey can't be spared,
sugar syrup is the next best.

It is best to feed in the evening, if
there should be any disposition to rob.
The practice of feeding sugar is only
resorted to in cases of emergency. It
is far better than to let them starve to
death. It is also a good plan to clip
one wing of the queen, although I am
aware that some leading apiarists arc
strongly opposed to it. After having

lost several valuable swarms by their
going to the timber, I am fully con-
vinced that it is far better to lose a
queen once in a while, which is one of
the principal objections urged against
the practice than to lose a whole colony.

I have been clipping the queens'
wings for about 15 years, and think
that I have not lost a half dozen queens
in that time. At this time the hive is
not so crowded with bees, and it is not
as difficult to find a queen as one
might think, especially if Italians are
kept? A black queen is harder to find,
as they are more s)iy.

After having tried several honey-
producing plants, I am of the opinion
that land is becoming too valuable to
devote to any plant that cannot be of
some benefit aside from honey-produc-
tion, of which Alsike clover undoubt-
edly stands at the head of the list for
this localit}'. Perhajjs buckwheat might
be mentioned next, .although I have
discontinued the practice of sowing it
for the past few jears, for the follow-
ing reason : It is an uncertain yielder,
and I am located adjacent to a river-
bottom where there is an abundance
of black-heart, or heart's-ease (as it is
sometimes called), which makes a finer
and a far better grade of honey than
buckwheat, although it belongs to the
same family of plants.

Duncan, Ills.

VISITING.

The Wonders Seen by a Yisitor
to an Apiary.

Written for flie Farm, Field and Stockman

BY S. E. MILLER.

For the sake of a name we will call
him Mr. Shaw. As we drive up to the
house we see in front of it a well-kept
lawn studded with evergreens, and on
one side is a pretty flower garden con-
taining roses and beautiful shrubs.
While on the opposite side of the house
is an ample vegetable garden wherein
may be found a bed of strawberries,
as well as many other delicious fruits.
But let us proceed to the apiary.
Here we see hives all of one size, shape
and color (white), nicely arranged in
groups, or set separately at fixed dis-
tances on four bricks or pieces of two
by three scantling all on a pretty lawn
with an occasional shade-tree spread-
ing its branches about the hives, and
near by is a neat little . house. " Oh !
what a cute little house ! What is it
for, Mr. Shaw ?"

"That is my honej'-house ; in it I do
the extracting, remove filled sections
from the supers, scrape, assort and
pack the same for market, as well as
a great amount of other work. In it

also I keep my implements used in the
apiary.

" What is extracting, Mr. Shaw ?"
In answer to this Mr. Shaw proceeds
to open a hive.

" Oh ! please don't Mr. Shaw, they
will sting us to death."

"Never mind, just keep quiet, and
don't get nervous; if they come around
your face don't strike at them."

Mr. Shaw then raised out two frames
of comb containing honey, and after
shaking off the bees in front of the
hive, he said, "Come with me to the
honey-house."

In the house he took one of the
frames in his left hand, holding it over
the uncapping can; in his right hand
he took a honey-knife and shaved oft"
the cappings on both sides, then he
lowered it into the revolving frame of
the extractor. After treating the other
comb the same waj', he put it in the
opposite side of the frame. He then
gave several rapid turns to the crank,
and the honey was thrown out against
the side of the extractor, where it ran
down and was drawn oft" at a gate below.

"Well, I declare! Oh! just look at
the comb honey !"

"How do you make it so straight,
Mr. Shaw ?"

" I do not make it; the bees build
the comb, gather the honey, store it in
the comb, and cap it over. Come, and
and I will show you."

Mr. Shaw led us to a hive in which
the bees were devoted to building
comb honey. He raised the upper
story, which exposed to our view a
case with glass on both sides ; this
contained seven rows of one-pound
sections, four in a row, with a tin sep-
arator between each row ; here were
combs of various sizes, from those just
commenced to those completeh' filling
the little boxes and nicely capped over.

"Well, did I ever! I have often
seen just such in the stores, but I
always thought it was manufactured ;
and what pretty bees and how gentle.
Why, Mr. Jones' were black, and
wanted to sting us. What kind of
bees do you call these, Mr. Shaw ?"

"These are gentle Italians, and are
accustomed to being handled."

" Some of your bees are in the sun ;
is it not too hot for them ?"

"My hives are all painted white,
therefore the sun does not aftect them
much. Were the hives of a darker
color there would be danger of the
combs melting in hot weather."

" Well, Mr. Shaw, this has been to
us a very interesting and profitable
visit. We are much interested in the
little workers, and are ever so much
obliged to you for what you have
taught us to-day."

" Not at all. Good day."

Bluft'ton, Mo.

Tmm mm^mmicmn bbb jouRwa*,.

507

C«»\'VEXTION DIRECTORY.

1 890. Time and )>hicc of mcctimj.

Aug. 19.— Ndrthern Illinoie. at Harlora. Ills.

D. A. Fuller, Sec , Cberry Valley, Ills,

Aug, 29,— Haldimand, nt South CHyug.a. Ont.

B, C, Campbell. Sec, Cayuga, Ont,

Sept in.— Ionia County, at Ionia. Mich.

H. Smith. Sec , Ionia, Mioh,

Oct, 2y-31.— International American, at Keokuk, la,
C. P, Dadant, Sec, Hamilton, Ills,

Oct,— Missouri State, at Mexico. Mo.

J. W. Rouse, Sec, Santa Fe, Mo.

, ' In firder to have tbis table complete.

Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of' the time aud the place of
each future meeting. — Tue Editoh.

International Bee-Association.

Pre.siiient— Hon. R. L. Ta,vIor.,L:ipcer, Jlich.
SECRET.4RY— 0. p. Dadaut Hamilton, Ills.

national Bee-Keepers' Union.

President— James Heddon ..Dowag-iac, Mich,
Sec'y, and Manaoer— T. G. Newman, Chicago.

Oood Sea!«on for IlTeesi.

The year 1890 promises to be the best we
have had for several years. The white
clover crop was a good one, and bees never
worked harder on clover than they did two
weeks ago. Then came basswood, about
July 1, and I might mention many varie-
ties of honey-plants if I could only name
them. I have taken off, so far this season,
about three times as much honey as I got
all told last year. I have about as many
colonies this year as I had last ; at this
time I have an apiary of 85 colonies.

John Moller, Sr.

Fremont, Nebr,, July 13, 1890,

Kobbine an«I S^varininsr.

I wintered 1 1 colonies last winter, and
one of them was robbed recently when we
were all sick. We lost a little girl .8 years
and 21 days old on May 24. I have had 7
swarms up to date, one issuing yesterday.
But I am unable to do much work yet, as I
am very nervous. A. J. M.\TnEWSoN.

Hamlet, N. Y., July 12, 1890.

Half a Oop of White Honey.

There will be about half a crop of white
honey in this vicinity, from the clover and
raspberries, and there is not much bass-
wood here. A. W. Smith,

Parksville, N, Y,, July 12, 1890,

Poor Sea!«on— Swarming'.

I wish that I had something more en-
couraging to write. I lost 30 colonies out
of 69 in wintering and spring dwindling,
robbing, etc., but I presume it is as Mr.
Heddon has so often said — it can all be
accredited to poor wintering. Their stores
were very poor, thin buckwheat honey, and
they were wintered in the cellar. Every-
thing considered, so far this is a very poor
season for us here. The great basswood
flow has come and gone, and not much sur-
plus realized. I never saw so much swarm-
ing as there was through June, and they
seemed to all be inclined to the woods. The
air was full of bees, and the farmers caught

a great many swarms ; they came to me
invariably for hives and information, aud I
pointed them to the Amehic.vn Bee Joir-
NAL invariably, as their guide.

I am very much pleased with a new pro-
cess that 1 have studied out in regard to
controlling swarming — no more second
swarms with me. Now that is a pretty
large assertion, liut my experience teaches
me that it is a fact, and I think it an
entirely new idea — at least I have never
heard it hinted at in all of my studies of
the science of bee-culture. I consider it
another complete and very valuable victory
of intellect over instinct. Heretofore my
old colonies produced nothing but swarms
— now, when I can control them, they pro-
duce honey — more, even, than the prime
swarms, and the queens are the largest and
finest that I ever saw. This method is as
sure and true as the laws of nature, and so
simple and easy that the most awkward
amateur can realize its benefits.

Ezra J. Cuonkleton.

Harrison Co., Iowa, July 13, 1890.

"(Viiite Clover Honey.

We are at the close of a short white
clover honey-flow, which was the finest
ever known here for about 18 days. Of
course, there has been some honey gathered
outside of this time. The severe drouth cut
us off entirely for the last ten days. I had
only 7 colonies to start in with, and they
came through the winter fairly well ; yet
the late spring almost starved them before
I knew it, so that they were weak, and I
will only secure about one case of honey to
each colony. Who can beat the following^

Dr. F. J. Foster had 7 colonies ; brought
them all through in good condition by
feeding, except one, which had " foul
brood," and had to be shaken out and
started anew on clean foundation. He
now has 20 large and healthy colonies, has
taken 126 pounds of white clover honey in
one pound sections, and has 150 pounds
ready to take off. His bees are the finest
grade of Italians, showing 4 bands, and
many 5, of the brightest yellow, except the
one that had foul brood, which are blacks.

We hope for a fall honey-flow, and if
frost will keep off xmtil October, the white
aster alone will furnish enough honey to
winter our bees. Ir.i Reeves.

Carmi, Ills., July 11, 1890.

Introducins: Queens, etc.

One sends a good round sum to a reliable
queen-breeder for a choice queen, and
when she arrives he wants to know how to
introduce her safely. There are many
ways given, but I have yet to find a safer
or easier way than the one I practice, which
I will give as briefly as possible ;

Cut a piece of wire-screen 3x5 inches ;
to form it, wind it around a stick 6 inches
long by %-inch wide by ?§-inch thick. Close
one end by bending the wire over the end
of the stick, and the cage is ready. Now,
with cage and smoker, proceed to the hive
you wish to contain your new queen.
Capture the old queen, put her into the
cage, and hang her between two frames in
the same hive. Do all this in the morning,
let her remain there all day, and at dusk
remove her from the cage, put the new
queen in her place, plug the lower end of
the cage with honey in the comb, having
the plug one inch long. Hang the cage
back in the hive, just as it was before, and
do not disturb the swarm for two days,
and all will be well. The bees do not seem to
notice the change of queens.

We have had a fair flow of very nice
honey, with more to follow, if the weather
continues to be favorable. C. L. Fisher.

South Deerfield, Mass., July 12, 1890.

Beex l>uing %Vell ;^'ow.

The bees in town did not store any honey
until the last week, when basswood opened.
Those that are strong are doing well now,
but the heavy rains in the forepart of June
were very hard on my bees. I ought to
have fed them, but I was taking the census,
and neglected them for want of time to
tend to them. Bees are doing better in
the country where there are only a few
colonies in a place. There are about 200
colonies in and around the town, and I
think it is too many for this place. We
hope for a good fall crop, as there is a
heavy growth of all kinds of weeds and
grasses. W.\i. Cleary.

Algona, Iowa, July 11, 1890.

Tiie Horizontal Bee-Escape.

The bottom facts are the diagram of the
escape referred to by Mr. Dibbern, on page
432, as furnishing me the idea of placing
the horizontal escape within a hole in a
board, and flush with both sides ; had no
board about it, but it was to be made of
two pieces of wire cloth, one piece tacked
on each side of a wood rim the size of the
hive, and ^^-inch wood strips placed be-
tween the wire-cloth V V V shaped. This
we all know to be the invention of other if
not wiser heads, and described long since
in Gleanings, and used by most of us at
the windows and doors to our shops and
honey-houses.

When Mr. Dibbern sent me a drawing of
the horizontal trap under a hole in a board,
I sent him a model with an escape in a hole
in a board, and he wrote me this : " I am
much pleased with your escape. In so far
as there are no projections, it is perhaps an
improvement on mine. I admit that yours
is an ingenious arrangement — something
that I tried to conceive, but failed." Does
this settle it * Jxo, S. Reese,

Winchester, Ky., July 14, 1890.

Experience in Ordering^ Queens.

The gi'eat rush in the bee-business this
season exceeds anything known in the past.
Dealers in supplies have been greatly in
arrears ; this is not their fault. They ex-
expected a good sale of supplies, but the
exceeding demand went far above their
expectations. I believe that we can truth-
fully say that dealers in bee-keeper's sup-
plies are always anxious to fill orders
promptly. It is to their future interest to
do so.

Some of our best queen-breeders have
been unable to fill the demand for queens.

Early in the spring, I sent an order to
Luther Gray, of Florida, for a tested queen.
He advertised 40 queens for sale, but what
was my surprise to hear that all were sold,
and the breeder was "pulling up stakes"
to go North. From him I received the fol-
lowing statement early in June :

•'It looks as if it would be impossible for
me to fill orders ; and, what is more, I am
now too short of funds to return the
money !"

This man, I understand, is sickly, and
needs sympathy. If he ever gets able, I
hope that he will make all arrearages right.

Well, as I wanted a queen immediately,
the next question with me was, "Where
shaU I try my luck again ?" I looked over
my pile of catalogues, and in A. F. Stauffer
& Go's catalogue I read ;

" We are now prepared to furnish Italian
bees and queens in any quantity. We have
two apiaries which enable us to fill all
orders promptly."

I sent them an order for a tested queen,
and after receiving no reply for three
weeks, I wrote to Messrs. Stauffer & Co,,
and have just received the following :

508

Tmm MMEmicMK mmm jo^mMML,,

"We returned your money in the same
letter, within twelve hours of the time we
received it. We cannot supply our cus-
tomers with queens aud bees this month."

Did the money come back ! Well, no ; it
stopped somewhere short of home.

Now this kind of work gives one the
blues, but there is no use in fretting or
complaiuiiig about it. I have written to
eight bee-men, aud wbeu I find a man who
has some queens to spare, I expect to try
again. 1 wonder, Mr. Editor, why some
American does not go to Italy aud rear
queens by the teu thousand lot, and bring
them to America each autumn ? Imported
queeus from Italy are good, but they cost
too much. W. P. Fatloe.

St. Bernice, lud.

[The Rev. W. P. Faylor's experience is
like quite a number of others. We have
complaints concerning delayed orders sent
to others besides the two mentioned. It is
true that supply dealers could not keep up
with orders this season, after preparing for
a large trade. The burning of mills at
Watertown, Wis., and Sterling, Ills., played
havoc with many. One thing, however,
should have been done— when orders could
not be filled — the money should have been
promptly returned when demanded. For
not doing so there can be no valid excuse.
Those who will not do this, should not be
■classed among honorable dealers.

Since the foregoing was written, we have
received the following letter in regard to
the same matter :

Nearly three months ago I sent to Luther
W. Gray for queens, but he does not fill my
order, or refund my money, though re-
peatedly requested to do so.

Irwix Grover.

Cooperstown, N. Y., July 11, 1890.

We have written several letters to each
dealer referred to, and urged them to
return the money, if they have not executed
the orders. The former said he was " too
poor" to do so. The latter replied that
they were doing the best they could to fill
orders, and added that they would " attend
to the parties mentioned " in our letters.
We hope that they have done so ere this. —
Ed.1

Poor Season— Transferrins'*

This is a poor season for bees. I have not
taken a pound of honey yet from 30 colo-
nies, but liasswood will be in bloom in a
few days, and then I hope to get some
honey. I transferred a colony of bees for
a neighbor on May 20, from a piece of a
tree that he cut in the woods la.st August.
It was a good one ; they were all ready to
swarm ; had 3 queen cells sealed, and the
worker-comb filled 10 Langstroth frames.
In the center of the old brood-nest I found
a dried skeleton of a squirrel, thickly coated
with propolis. Irwin Gkover.

Cooperstown, N. Y., July 11, 1890.

Surplus Crop Kxpected.

I was sick in Buffalo until June 1, when I
returned here. I nor any one .saw my bees
from Nov. 1 to June 3. 1 lost 2 colonies by
starvation, and I really thought that they
would all starve. I did not teed them, and
today (July 4) the hives are full of liees,
with some hopes of a surplus croi> now,
after this refreshing raiu.

Some ten days ago I met a friend who
keeps bees in movable-frame hives ; he
remarked that his bees wintered well : but
one was robbed, and one had no queen. He
vpanted to know how to get a queen into
the hive. I said, take a frame of eggs not
over three days old, and place it in the
hive, as a test ; if they have no queen, that
in all probability they would start queen-
cells. To-day 1 visited his place, about
three miles away, and we found no eggs,
but the frame he put in was all sealed over.
I remarked to him tliat he had at least
learned something. He asked what. I
said, examine the frames and see ; but he
saw nothing out of the way, aud said that
that long-drawn-out cell was a queeu-cell.
I replied that it was impossible for them to
mal^e a queen from an egg in a drone-cell,
as every cell in the frame was a drone-cell
ready to hatch out ! I found an unsealed
queen cell, aud gave the entire frame to
the bees, aud then came away. This man
has kept bees for teu years.

Springville, N. Y. J. W. Tefft.

n'orkins' on tlie Bassvrood.

Our long seige of feeding bees is over.
Basswood opened on Sunday, July 6, so
the bees began to work on it — they did not
wait until Monday, neither have they
struck for eight hours. The weather is
perfect, so far, and the basswood iu a mass
of bloom ; so, if the bees do not prosper
now, it will be because of conditions of
which I am not informed. I do not thiuk
there is as much nectar in the blossoms as
there are soiue years ; but the bees are
doing fairly well.

Now, who can beat my story i I have an
Italian queen, hatched last linden harvest,
that threw off a swarm on May 27 ; again
June 10, 13, and 15, resolving itself into
5 colonies. Three of the colonies are now
working in the sections, the fourth has the
brood chamber well advanced, and the
fifth is the original home colony, which was
rather depleted. I put it into a smaller
hive on five frames, and it is doing finely.
I was wonderfully pleased — more so than if
I had had all the swarms I wanted, I dare
say. That proves our early honey-flow.
But during June I was obliged to feed
about 13,< pounds of sugar per colony.

Mrs. B. J. LiviNcsTON.

Center Chain, Minn., July 9, 1890.

Ut*e-Keepin{; iu Louisiana.

My bees are doing splendidly. I have
received a good amount of honey so far
this season. Thos. C.^rey.

New Orleans, La., July 15, 1890.

Xastes ot Sweetness.

With constant hum and husy care
The bees are fratherint; everywhere.
From llowers In the tields and dells.
The drops of nectar tor their cells.

The well-tillert combs so hardly bouRht—
Whose honey had so long been sought—
Supplies the bees in winter's cold.
And helps to swell their keeper's " gold."

Thus toil and care are freely given
That man may have foretastes of heaven.
While here below earth's sweets he gains—
The hints of life where Pleasure reigns.

—By Belle.

__ I have a number of the standard
bee-books, but your "Bees and Honey"
seems to have the " whole thing " in a neat
aud concise volume. The mechanical part
is superb. — Geo. Spltler, Mosiertown, Pa.

AI>FREI> H. IWEWWIAI^,

BUSINESS M.<.NAGER.

Sliisiuess 3Joticcs.

Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should notify us at once.

m^" Send us one new subscription, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice.
Pocket Dictionary.

(t^~ Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

J®" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshii-e's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.

I^° Send us two new subscriptions, with
$2.00, and we will present you with a
" Globe " Bee-Veil for your trouble. (See
the fuller notice in the advertising col-
umns.)

1^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

Jt^" Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

It^" Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jour-
nal at $1.85 for the two ; or with both our
Home Journal and Bee Journal for $2.50
for all three papers.

|^~ As there is another firm of "Newmsm
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write American Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

l^" Systematic work in the Apiaiy will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For 50 colonies (1'20 jiages) $1 00

'• 100 colonies C2-20 pages) 1 25

" '200 colonies (420 pages) 150

K^~ When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book,
by maU, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

ZW A "Binder" made especially for
the American Bee Journal, and lettered
in gold, makes a very convenient way of
preserving the copies ot the Bee Journal
as fast as they are I'eceived. 'We offer it,
postpaid, for 61) cents ; or as a pi'emium for
(itio 7iCi(' subscriptions, with i;2.00. It can-
not be mailed to Canaila.

TMm mwimmicmn mmm jowuf^Mi^.

509

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

NEW YOUK, July 7.— New Southei'ii ex-
tracted is arriving: troely, but the ijuality is
poor, and prices are declininfr. We (luote
from 6il@6r> cents per gallon. New extracted
oranpc blossom honey, 7(3t7!4 cents. New ex-
tracted ('alit'ornia white sage, 6®6'/jC. Cali-
fornia light amber, .T!i@'"''-4c. Beeswax, scarce
and Arm at 'iOfii'Mc.

HILDKETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,

28-30 West Broadway.

CHICAGO, June 4.— Demand continues good
for strictl.v white clover honey, and our re-
ceipts are being taken as fast as they arrive.
What little stock we have, consists of buck-
wheat in 1 and 2-lb. sections, which is dull
and slow sale. We quote: White clover 1-lbs.,
12!4@i:3;4c; buckwheat, 7®i9c. Beeswax very
scarce at 25@26c for bright, and 23®24c for
dark. S. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, July 15.— The receipts of
new comb honey are light, and demand equal
to the receipts. One-pound white comb is sell-
ing at 14@1.5c. Very little demand for ex-
tracted at present. Beeswax, 2.5c.

CLEMONS, MASON & CO.,
(Successors to demons. Mason & Co.)

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

CHICAGO, July 8.— Market is bare of honey
of all kinds, both comb and extracted. New
comb will bring 13c. A little fancy has been
sold at 15c. Extracted from 6@8c. Weather
is warm, but there is some demand. Beeswax,
27@28c.

R. A. BURNETT, 161 S. Water St.

MILWAUKEE, July 14.— The demand for
honey is good for this season of the year. Tlie
supply of old crop is fair— equal to the de-
mand. We can quote: White 1-lbs., choice,
13(5!l4c; medium white 1-lbs., 12@13c; dark
1-lbs., good, 10@llc; white extracted in bar-
rels and half barrels, 7{rt).7V2c: white extracted
in kegs and tin cans, 7'/2@8c; dark, in barrels
and kegs, 6@6!.ic. Beeswax, 28@30c.

A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.

DETROIT, July 8.— No new honey in the
market, and no desirable old is left. It is quo-
ted at 10&113C. Extracted, 7(aSc. Beeswax,
27@28c.

M. H. HUNT, BeU Branch, Mich.

KANSAS CITT, June 13.— Market cleaned
up on old comb and extracted, and new crop
of comb arriving. We quote: White l-lbs.,
1,5c; dark, llftlSc; white 2-lbs., 12@13c; dark,
10@llc. Extracted, white. G(5i7c: dark, 5c.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS. 514 Walnut St.

BOSTON, July 9.— Fancy 1-lbs., 16c; 2-lbs..
15c. Extracted, 8@9c. Honey sales are very
slow. We have recently received a shipment
from Michigan, of very fine stock, which is an
ample supply for us tor the summer.

BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.

CINCINNATI, July 9.— Demand is good for
the new crop of extracted and comb honey.
Judging by present arrivals, there has been' a
good crop harvested. Extracted brings 5@8c.
Comb honey, 12®15c for best white. Beeswax,
in good demand at 24@26c on arrival.

C. F. MUTH & SON,

Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

Cilobe Bee -Veils. — Here are two
letters received— just as the forms are
closing, and are about like scores of others,
showing how the Globe Veils suit those
who have them. Not one objection has
ever yet been received :

Send me two more Globe Bee-Veils for
my neighbors. I like mine very much.—
J. B. DuNLAP, Rochester, Ind., July 17,
1890.

The two Globe Bee-Veils came by return
mail. Thanks for promirtness. I find them
.just as neat and clean as new (the soiling
is so slight). They are indeed sure protec-
tion against bee-stings, mosquitoes, etc.—
John Hauek, Jk., Arabi, La, July 1 6, 1 890.

CATARRH.

CATARRHAL DEAFNESS-HAY FEVER.
A New Home Treatment.

Sufferers arc not generally aware that
these diseases are contagious, or that they
are due to the ])resence of living parasites
in the lining membrane of the nose and
etistachian tuiies. Microscopic research,
however, has proved this to be a fact, and
the result of this discovery is that a simple
remedy has been formulated whereby
catarrh, catarrhal deafness and hay fever
are permanently cured in from one to three
simple applications made at home by the
patient once in two weeks.

N. B. — This treatment is not a snuff or an
ointment; both have been discarded by
reputable physicians as injurious. A
pamphlet explaining this new treatment is
sent free on receipt of stamp to pay pos-
tage, by A. H, Dixon & Son, 337 and 339
West King Street, Toronto, Canada. —
Christian Advocate.

Sufferers from Catarrhal troubles should
carefully read the above.
50E26t Imly.

HONEYBOXES

A FOLDING PAPER BOX

FOR

PROTECTING SECTIONS OF HONEY.

For Siliipperx and RelallerK.

All boxes printed with your Business Card i
front if desired.
Sami>les and Prices on a,pplication.

A Nice Hocltet dictionary will be

given as a premium for only oue new
subscriber to this Journal, with $1.00. It
is a splendid little Dictionary — just the
right size for the pocket. Every school boy
and school girl, as well as everybody else,
should own and use it. Price, 35 cents.

Bee-Keeping' tor Profit, by Dr.

G. L. Tinker, is a new 50-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted honey, and the construction of
the hive best adapted to it — his ' 'Nonpareil. ' '
The book can be had at this office for 2oc.

SW The Darke County Union Bee-Keepers' Soci-
ety, will hold a meeting at Greenville, Ohio, on
Aug. 2, 189U. J. A. ROK, Sec.

E^~ The Northern Illinois Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, will hold its till! meeting at Harlem, Ills., on
Aug. 19, 189U. D. A. Fpli.eu, Sec.

Tin Pails for Honey.

THESE Pails have full covers, and are excellent
for selling Honey in tbe Home Market; and
after the H(»ney trranulates in tliem, it can be
shipped anywhere wiih perfect safety. All sizes
have a bail, or handle, and when empty are useful
in every household.

The engraving shows STRAIGHT
TIN PAILS, of which there are y>ize9.
holding respectively 3, 5 and m lbs. of
Honey. Assorted Samples of the 3
sizes will be sent by express for 4u cts.
In quantities, the prices are;

Per doz. Per lOO
;;i Hon.. .holds in lbs. . . .tl.wo. . . .$12 (X>

,-(jJalli)n, holds 5 lbs 1.50 9.*«)

Quart, holds 3 lbs l.iiO 7.ot>

The second engraving represents
THK TAPERING TIN PAILS-
made heavier and stronger than
those with straight sides. The
covers are deeper, and the top-
edge of the Pail is doubled over,
making it smooth and convenient
to handle. Of the Tapering Pails
there are five sizes, viz: i-lb., 4-lb..
7-lb., i;Mb.. and J.vtb. Assorted
Samples of these will be shipped
by express for 75 cents. In quantitie,'^. the prices
are as follows :

To hold l-lb. 4-Ib8. 7-lb8. I3-lbB. 25-lbs.
Perdozen.l .75....fi.25....$ 1.50....$ 2,0(i....$ 3.25
Per 100, 5.00.... 8.00.... lO.W. ... 14.50.... 23.0U

THOS. G, NEWmAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO. ILL.

MUNSON & CO.

,30Ai:)t lA'ew Haven, Coim.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

The Honey Almanac

JUST the thln(c needed to create a demjind for
HONEY at home. Bee-keepers should scatter
it freely. It shows the uses of Honey for Medicine
Eating. Drinking, Cooking, for making Cosmetics
Vinegar, etc. ; also uses of BEESWAX. Price. 5 cts :
25 copies for ^;i.i(i ; 50 copies, tl.7o: 7.'S copies, *2.3o;
10(1 for »2.9(i. The foregoing are POSTPAID prices:
foUowingareprices when sent by express or freight;
10<i for J2.50 : 5(Hif<ir I^H.um : i.iHXt fof flS.nn. The
Bee-Keeper's CARDwill be printed on the Qrst page
without extra cost, when 25 or more'are ordered at
one time. Address,

THOS. G. NEAVmAN & SON,

246 East Madison St.. - CHICAGO. ILL

Choicest Italian
QUEENS^

Purely bred — Purely

MATED. Won first prem-
ium over all competitors
at Buffalo International,

September, 1889. I^one Better in America I

Send for Price-List. Order early.

15Atf E. D. KBE\EY. Importer and Bniikr, Arraflp.S. Y,
Mention the American Bee Journal.

The Lever,

THE ITATIOITAi;

- - TEMPEBANCE NEWSPAPJBB.

Bright! Newsy! and Enterprising!

-^OTJ siiOTTLr) i^:h:a.id it.

Send for Sample £opy.

To lew Subscribers, Only 50c a Year.

This offer closes November 1.

Center-Lever Companvi

134 Van Buren Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

ISAtf— 4Mtf .

Mention Ote Amcrlcfi7i Dee Jownial.

1890 ITALIA.\ (jUEEKS 1800

OIX vouufr Queens, warranted purcly-miited
lo for $5.00. English Rabbits, $1.00 per pair.
Mammoth Bronze Turlsey Ejrgs. 25e.; 9 for
$2.00. Write for Circular.
14Etf .). T. WILSON, Little Hicliman, Ky.

READERS

or tills Journal wbo
write to any of our
advertisers, eitlier in
ordering, or asking about the Goods
offered, ^vlll please state that they saw
tbe Advertisement in this paper.

510

TH© MMMMicMi* mmm jOi^Mnmit.

t«i---Lr^''*^*^*^*^*******^*^*

:^ew sind Ke^ised Edition

—OF-

HONEY,

OR THE

Management of the Apiary

FOR PLEASURE AND PROFIT

THOMAS G. NEWMAN,

Editor oj the American Ilee Journal.

This edition has been largfli re-written,
thorouehly revised, and is " fully up with the
times" in all the improvements and inventions
in this rapidlv-developinK pursmt.and presents
the apiarist with everythinfj that can aid n
the successful management of an apiar y ai d
at the same time produce the most hoiiey in
an attractive condition, It pont" s 250
uaees and 245 illustrations — i? beauilfull>
Srinted °n The highest style of the art, luid
bound, in cloth, gold lettered. Price, Sl-OO-

" Liberal Discount to dealers, by the dozen
■or hundred.

THOMAS G. NEWMAK it SON,

246 East Madisou Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

1^ This new edition of our Bees axd
Honey will be given as a Premium for only
tliree new subscribers, with ^3.00;
or clubbed with the this Jourxal for $1.75.

HANDLING BEES

A PAMPHLET, treating of the taming
and handling of bees. Just the thing for
beginners. It is a chapter from "TUe Hive
and Hoiiey-Bec, revised." Price, 8 ots.
Advice to beginners. Circulars, &c., free. .

CHAS. DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancoclt Co., Ills
Mention the AmcrimJi Bee Journal.

Yellow -Banded Carniolans!

ANEW Strain of Bees— Queens large and
e\tra prolific— Bees handsome, ver)- gen-
tle and great honey-gal lierers. Those wlio
are looking for a New Strain of Bees should
send one dollar ($1,001 and receive one of these
Fine ijueens by return mail. Safe arrival
guaranteed. Address,

o9A2t WENHAM, MASS.

Mention the American Bee Jmimal.

Glass ^ Pails ^ for ^ Honey

THEY are made of the
best quality of clear,
flint glass, with a bail and
a metal top and cover
When filled with honey.
they are very attractive
in appearance. They can
be used for household
purposes by consumers,
after the honey Is removed

or they can be returned

to and re-flUed by the
apiarist.
Prices are as follows :

•£0 hold 1 pound of honey per dozen $1.60

" 2 pounds • ,; ~-V"

•' 3 '■ — '*"

THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

British. Bee Journal

AND BEE-KEEFEE8' ADVISER,

IS published every week, at 6». 6d. per
annum. It contains the very best practical
Information tor the apiarist. Jt '8 edited by
Thomas Wm. Cowan, F.G.S., F.R.M.S., etc., and
published by John Huckle, Kings Langley,
Herts. England

Bee -Hives, Sections, &c.

On and after Feb. 1, 1890, we will sell our
No 1 V-groove Sections in lots of oOO as lot-
lows- Less than 2,e.00 at S3. 30 per thousand;
■^ 006 to 5,000 at S.'i.OO per thousand. Write
for special jirlces on larger quantities. No. .i
Sections S2. 00 jier thousand. Send lor Price-
List for other Supplies. Address,

J. STAIIFFER & SONS,
(Successors to B. J. Miller & Co.)
31Atf NAPPANEE, IND

Mention the American Bee Journal.

PATEHT WIRED COMB FODNDATION

HAS NO SA« IN BROOD FRAMES.

THIN FLAT BOTTOM FODNDATION

Has no Fisli-boiie in Surplus Honey.

Being the cleimest is usually worked

Folding Paste-Board Box

FOBt CO.nK II«.'\KV.

IT H01.nS .V SECTION of Comb Honey,
preserving it from dustand dirt in a Store,
and the'"red-tape" handle makes It convenient
for the purchaser to carry it home.

The label shown on the Box, Is our " No. 5
Gummed Label," but any of the Gummed
Labels can be put on them, hy the honey-
producer.

Wanted, Comb Honey !

WE WANT to exchange a part of our stock
of Bee-Keepers' Supplies for nice Comb
Honey In one-pound sections. Parties having
honev to dispose of, please w rite us the amount
you liave, and the price wanted. We will also
pay cash for nice honey.

A. D. ElililNGWOOD, MUau, N. H.
39A2t

Mention the American Bee Journal.

DFF-suppLiEs.";ar

M L !■ We furnish Everything needed
in the Apiary, of practical con-
struction, and at the lowest price. Satisfac-
tion guaranteed. Send for our 40-page Illus-
trated Catalogue— free to all. Address,
E. Krelclinier, Red Oak, Iowa.

5A9t— 14E9t

Mention the American Bee Journal.

JteS^^ ttie quickest of any Foundation made.
B5SSSSS1 J, VAN BEIISEN A: SONS,

lliSgSK'»:ij Sole Manufacturers.

,y,j. : '.•":'^ Sprout Brook, Monlgomery Co., N. V.

Mention the American Bee Joui-nnl-

CANADIAN QUEENS!

GIVE THEM .V TRIAL..

Earii. Pf r Tlirei'. Per 1/2 BoJ.

Italians, Virgin. * .40.... $1,013 .* l.To

Untested 1.00 ... '~-l-:-- •^•""

Tested . 1.50.... .3.7.-).... /OO

Select Tested, 2.00.... 6.00.... 10.00
Address R. F. HOliTERMANN,
27A8t HOMNEY, Kent Co., UNT.

"PRACT1C.".L TURKEY RAISING'

P.v Fminy Fit-id. This book teUs all
I abmit turkey raising, from tb" «^;;;5
1 ,, the ecea to the maturity of the young
) tii-ks If you follow the directioui in
t'n.. book yoM nwl not lose a bird.
^ -r^ Fannv Field has had more e:n>eneroe
and .-UfC'eds hot rr in raising turksysthim any other
t«r.ou in America, She clears hundre-s of dollara
yearly on them, and will tell you how sheooes it. fnce,
25 cents. Stjimiw taken. Address

THOMAS G. NEUTOTAN A: SON,
246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILLS

500 CHOICE ^mm i%'^^^o^if.it

26A?r JNU iJeBEL & SON. High Hill. Mo.
MentUm the American Bee Journal.

\

Tlui Rrloliiuof 5-bauded, Golden ITALIAN
lll(^ l>ri2llltjSl Bees and Queens, and the
Reiidest DRONES. Very gentle; very pro-
litic; good honev-gatherers— working on red
clover-and the MOST I>n.,,itiftil BEES In ex-
istence! Took First Willll""! Preniinni
at Michigan State Fair in 1889. Samples, 5c.,
and money returned If they ai-e not extra nice.
Untested Queens, *1.00; six for S5.00,
Tested (at least 3 bands), J3.00 ; Selected, tested
(4 bands) $4; Breeding Queens (4 to 5 bands.)
$7.00. Virgin Queens. 50 cents: 5 for $2.00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed.
JACOR r. TIMPE,
18E8t Grand licdaie, MlcU.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

I V. friiAi.A t One Untested Italian Queen, 7oc.,
All, 1 IlW(j '. 3 for $2.00 ; Tested, $1.50. One
Untested Carniolan Queen, $1.00, 3 for $2.50;
Tested, $2.00. Bees by the pound and Nucleus.
Send for Prlce-Llst. Reference— First National
Bank. H. G. FRAME, North Manchester, Ind.
22Btf „ ,

Mention the American Bee JoumaL

^

We can furnish these Folding Boxes for one-
pound Sections, iH^iVi. for $1.00 per 100, or
$8.50 per 1,000, by express. The name and
address' of the honey-producer will be printed
on 1,000 or less, for 75 cents extra.

A Job liOt of Folding Boxes, which will
hold Sections 5x5 Inches, or less, will be sold
at only 80 cents per 100. ORDER EARLY
to get these, as the supply is limited.

THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

.1^ (j[lEEi\S

Why You Should Purchase of Wood !

lTALlAi\

' U/hu Vni

From June 10
to Oct. 1.

HE has had many years' experience. His
Queen-Cells are built in full colonies.
He uses no Lamp-Nursery. He Is located
where there are no black bees, and where foul
brood never existed. Fully 95 per cent, of his
Queens prove purely-mated. He fills orders
promptlv. His old customers nearly all pur-
chase of 'him. He warrants every Queen equal
to those of any first-class breeder in America
in every respect. Price, 75 cents each: one
dozen, $8.00. Address,

22Etf J. F. WOOD, North Prescott, Mass.

r ARNIOLAN ^rf^elotif^^t

I son from Imported Mothers, will be ready
\j to send out the 1st or June. Send for
iITee Circular, to JOHN ANDREWS, Pattens
Mills, Wash. Co., N. V. lOEtf

thb; MMLMMicMn mm;m juvmnmi*.

5l!

THOS. G. NEWMAN fc SON,

CHlC-AaO. ILL. ■

KDITOR.

Vol, mi, An£. 2, 1890, No, 31,

Xlic RiLsii is now all over, and here,
at least, all orders for goods are filled. We
hope the experie^ice of the past few mouths
will not soon be forgotten by those who
have had to wait for necessary supplies,
which should have been ordered and in the
apiary ready for use three or four mouths
ago. Those who delay ordering such until
they are needed for use, have had some
experience that should be valuable to them.
We have now resumed our usual prompt-
ness in filling orders.

Bees as Weather Propliets.— A

new use may possibly be found for bees.
Not only are they treasurers of golden liquid
sweets, but it appears that they may be
recognized as weather harbingers— but how
far into the mysterious and almost impene-
trable future the little bee may be able to
look, is doubtless a question in the opinion
of many. An exchange says this on the
subject :

A nice observer by looking at the bees in
the early morning, during the working sea-
son, will soon be able to form an opinion as
to what the day will be, and that almost to
a certainty, for they will sometimes appear
sluggish ar(d inactive, although the morn-
ing is very bright, and showing every
appearance of a clear day, but the sun soon
becomes clouded, and rain follows ; and,
again, the morning may be dull and cloudy,
and sometimes rain may be falling, still the
bees will be observed going out in consid-
erable numbers, and as sure as this is seen,
the day becomes bright and fair.

Thus are bees the objects of ever-increas-
ing interest to all who will study their
wonderful ways and works.

Supply l>ealer» who desire to handle
a good Bee-Veil, should write for our dozen
rates on the"Globe" Bee-Veils, to sell again.

iiitatislieN. — It will be remembered
that two years ago we printed considerable
corre.spondence between several apiarists
and Mr. J. R. Dodge, Government Statis-
tician at Washington. Mr. Dodge prom-
ised to gather statistics and have them
published iu the (iovernmental Reports if
we could get volunteers to report regularly.
These were called tor and obtained, and we
sent the list of names and addresses to Mr.
Dodge. After waiting about 20 months
for some results, we wrote to that gentle-
man, and here is bis reply :

U. S. Dei'aktment or Aonu ri.Ti uk,
Division of Statistics,
WASiiiNCiTox, D. C, July 19, 1800.
Thomas G. Newman, Chicago, Ills.,

Dear Sir : — I am iu receiiit of your favor
of the 17th inst., recalling to mj- memorj'
our correspondence of 1888-S9, relative to
the collection and publication of statistics
of honey and bee keeping.

You will recollect that I stated that such
data could only l,e obtained from special
correspondents actively engaged in the
industry, and that I must depend upon
those desirous of getting such data for a
list of reporters. " Through your efforts,
and through m5' own, by all channels at my
comraaud, I was able only to obtain a list
of a little more than 200 names of persons
sufficiently interested to make regular
reports. From data obtained from this
number, I prepared a very brief and gen-
eral article upon the condition of the
industry, but I do not feel justified in
presenting any statistics foi* record based
upon such a small number of returns.

I was anxious then, and now, to present
in our montly reports as much miscella-
neous data as possible, upon special and
minor agricultural industries, but it is
necessary that those interested should give
us their active co-operation. This, bee
keepers as a whole, failed to do, and you
will readily agree with me that it is far
better to present no statistics than to pre-
sent those which might not be wholly cor-
rect. Two hundred names average less
than one for every ten coimties in the
United States. Very respectfully,

J. R. DoDOE, StatisUcian.

Since these names of correspondents were
sent to Mr. Dodge, Mr. A. I. Root, of
Medina, O., has organized such a bureau of
statistics, and the United States Honey-
Producers' Exchange (G. H. Knickerbocker,
of Pine Plains, N. Y., Secretary,) are in
the same line of business. We can well
afford to let them have full charge of the
matter. The former is published to the
world as soon as gathered ; the latter is
private, and only intended for members.

Croin{g^ .4«'!tj'. — Mr. C. Weckesser, of
Marshallville, O., presents a rare oppor-
tunity for some apiarist to get a nice
business location and home. He says :

Owing to a very excellent business open-
ing at another jilace, I wish to dispose of
m3' apiary and queen-rearing business here.
I have about eight acres of land, house and
other buildings, and an apiary of about
100 colonies ; fruit, berries, and some
nursery stock in ground. To make a quick
sale, I will sell at $1,700, queen-rearing
plant included. The location is very fine,
and it isaftarf/fini.— CnuisTi.vx Weckessek

Alricun Itees on tlie ICaiiipase.

— Lieut, von Tridemann, of the (jorman
Expedition in Africa, relates an interest-
ing incident, which has been translated
from the Leipzig Bienen-Zcltuny for July,
1890, by the Rev. S. Roese. It was written
by that officer in a letter to the German
Colonial GdzcUe, published at Witta,
Africa. It reads thus :

On regulating matters after a wearisome
journey to give man and beast the position
of rest and comfort, I intended to retire for
a few brief moments to myself. When all
of a sudden a terrible confusion and noise
came to my notice. The animals were
bellowing and running in wild confusion in
all directions, e.vcept one goat which was
tied up and could not escape. A swarm
of bees had taken possession of the camp,
driving everything before it.

The poor goat was completely covered
with infui'iated bees. At first she uttered
a most pitiful noise, when at last she bent
her head down, seemingly resigned to her
fate.

Doctor Peters advised the shooting of
the poor animal to relieve her suffering.
Lieut, von Tiedemann, however, desirous
of saving the animal's life, crept up and
cut the rope, but not without receiving
two severe stings, which caused him most
terrible pain. He pulled the goat near the
camp-fire, and iu the evening she accepted
her usual rations. One of the assf s, how-
ever, died from the effects of the stings.

B^" An article on "Double-Walled vs.
Single- Walled Hives for Winter," was
written for the A^rEUIC.^N Bee JoURX.iL bj^
Dr. G. L. Tinker, and published on page 73
of the issuefor Feb. 1. 1890. That article
was afterwards copied bodily by the Michi-
gan Farmer, but neither credited to the
Bee Journ.m, nor to the author. Then a
periodical "down East" copied it and
innocently and honestly credited it to the
Michirian Farmer. This is but a sample
of the stcalinij which is continually going
on by some of the agricultural papers.
There are many honorable exceptions,
however, whose editors would scorn to
copy an article without giving proper
credit.

Xlie l>elroit Fair and Exposition
will open on Aug. 26 and close Sept. 5.
The Apiarian Department is expected to
be very attractive. The award of premiums
is to begin on Wednesday, Aug. 27. The
editor of the AMERio.iy Bee Journal in-
tends to be present and serve as judge, and
hopes to meet many apiarists there.

Hosiers for the American Bee Journal.
printed in two colors, will be sent free to
all who can use them. They are handsome,
and will " set off " an exhibit at Fairs. It
will tell bee-keepers how to subscribe, for
"Subscriptions Received Here" is quite
prominent at the bottom.

We will also send sample copies of the
Bee Journal, for use at Fairs, if notified a
week or ten days in advance where to send
them.

516

TH® MMEmiC'Sif mmm

The Woric of a Tornado. — Here

is another description of the destructive
worli of the Tornado mentioned last week
ou page 500 :

The terrible tornado that passed over
this section of the country on the evening
of July 12, brought death and destruction
to this city. All factories are shut down,
business houses are closed and draped in
crepe ; on the firemen's houses and other
places flags are placed at half mast, and a
great cloud of grief hangs over the whole
city. The loss of property receives but
little thought, but the terrible catastrophe
on Lake Pepin is the cause of the gloom.
The steamer " Sea Wing " capsized by the
gale, on Lake Pepin, about 14 miles below
this city, just off Maiden Rock Point.

The steamer was carrying a large excur-
sion party, of which over 100 were drown-
ed, nearly all of them being from Red
Wing. Lake Pepin in the widest place is
3 miles, and 35 miles long, and is known to
be one of the most treacherous bodies of
water in the Northwest.

Mr. AUen Adams, a highly-esteemed and
well-to-do farmer, whose friends are all
who know him, and who served his coun-
tiy long and well during the Rebellion, and
has been one of our most successful bee-
keepers for over 30 years, had the sad mis-
fortune to lose his three oldest children
in the " Sea Wing" disaster, being one son
and two daughters. A number of large
families were almost entirely lost, only one
or two being left to mourn the loss of the
rest — in fact, this is a time never to be for-
gotten by Red Wing people.

Bees suffered very little, as far as I can
learn. 1 had but one hive blown over, as
they were so well sheltered. Only one tree
blew down in my apiary, and that fell in
the aisle, and did no harm. Very many of
the bees in this section will do very little
this season in the way of storing surplus,
but by feeding I have been able to keep my
colonies strong, and now most of them are
storing surplus from linden bloom, which
is very heavy, indeed.

So far as 1 can learn nearly all the drones
were killed off in this section of country
from June 10 to June 20. 1 have had but
two new swarms, and but little signs of
any for some time to come, as the bees are
rearing drones very slowly, and working
very strong. The country is full of bloom
now, and 1 am in hopes it will continue.
Then should we get a fall crop, we may do
fairly well with our bees yet ; but we had
so much cold and wet weather during the
spring, that bees have not been able to
even make a living, anil spring dwindling
has simply been ten-ible. Robbing also
has been a very great annoyance to bee-
keepers here the past spring, and those
having the most bees are bothered the
worst. Quite a good many new swarms
are going to the woods, on account of the
bees swarming so little, and not watched
so closely. «■ N. Beniiam.

Red Wing, Minn., July 14, 1890.

Soiitliei-n tJalitornia.— The Rural
Calif (yi'ninn ot last month contained the
following item relative to Redlands,
Calif., as a country for bees :

The report comes to us pretty straight
that one man near Redlands captured
over 100 runaway swarms of bees. Any
smart man ought to Jae able to start an
apiary in that nick of woods, and getting
such an early start in the season he ought
to make money enough to start a bank. We
knew that Redlands was a good place to
live in, but had no idea that so many bees
had found it out.

That is where our neighbors, Mr. Horace
Sloan and family went. They were lovers
of honey, and the "attraction " there is no
doubt accounted for by the above item.

Southern California beats the world for
bees and honey-production, as will be seen
from the following item, also gleaned from
the same paper as the above :

There has been more natural swarming
of bees in Southern California during the
month of May than any season since 1876,
and some of the swarms were monsters, too
big to talk about ; well, as large as a boy,
so to speak I

If you measure the boy by his own esti-
mation of himself, Bro. Wilson, the swarms
are giants, "so to speak !"

Itiiiuhle-'Bees. — Mrs. L. Harrison, in
the Prairie Farmer, gives the following
good advice about not disturbing the nests
of bumble-bees because of the value to the
crops of these large bees :

Farmers, do not burn up all the nests of
the bumble-bees, for they are worth .*20
to you in fertilizing red clover blossoms,
thereby insuring a heavy crop of seeds. In
Australia there are no bumble-bees of our
kind, and they could not raise clover seed
there until they imported some. That fer-
tilization by insects is necessary for the
development of seeds, is shown in that
showy flower, "bleeding-heart" (Dlfentm
spectabilis) , which produces no seed, for
its fertilizing moth has never been im-
Ijorted from North China,its native habitat.

fine enough for any use. Sweetened water
from washing honey drippings is the most
common waste of the apiary, and to utilize
it is presumed to be the desirable matter in
connection with honey-vinegar. Still, with
the low price of honey, bee-keepers may
find a reasonable outlet for some of their
poor honey, such as is unfit to sell as a
luxury for table use.

Xiie Pleasui-e of having the neces-
sary supplies at hand, ready for use, is
smilingly described in the following letter.
Now the rush is over, and we can moralize
over the matter, and see the " funny " side.
The correspondent says :

I have been feeling good over that lot of
sections 1 got last fall ; and I felt Just like
sitting down and having a good laugh at
the situation, while you was in your " big
muddle." I tell you, it makes one feel good
to know that he is all ready for any emer-
gency, and has everything fitted up and at
hand. But the laugh is over on the other
side of the face after all. The clover has
only barely sustained the bees, and this is
now the fourth season since we have seen
an ounce of clover honey. What very
little has been stored is from figwort and
ball willow. The latter, by the way, is not
a bad honey-plant, and is a very sure crop.
The honey is very white, and I think pretty
good quality also. The time of bloom fol-
lows up the clover closely, while the aj)-
pearance of the honey is so near like it
that they will do to work together for comb
honey ; the willow is a shade lighter than
clover. The increase, so far, is from 57 to
93 colonies. Only the Carniolan bees
have stored any surplus comb honey, but
I have extracted a little from some of the
rest ; though not more than from 100 to
125 pounds. W. M. WooDw.iRD.

Bonfleld, Ills., July 24, 1890.

If yoii Want a treat in hot weather
that those who have been accustomed to it
think superior to ice-cream, get some
freshly clabbered whole milk, and fill a
soup-plate with it, then pour extracted
honey over the surface, and grate a little
nutmeg over it, and, if you can, add a little
rich sweet cream, and then— please send
for ns.— American Dairyman.

Honey- Vinegar. — We are frequently
asked as to the proper way to make honey-
vinegar out of what might easily be wasted
in any well-conducted apiary, and even
from the poorer gi'ades of honey, which are
not usually in demand. In the following
paragraphs the desired information may be
found, which seems to have been written
by one who knows :

One pound of honey and one gallon of
water are the proper proportions to make a
good vinegar. That is, 29 pounds of honey
will make (water enough being added to
fill a regular 32-gallon barrel) one barrel
of the best vinegar. The vessels used to
make it in are common alcohol barrels
which are found at drug-stores. Saw out
one of the barrelheads, and paint the out-
side, to prevent the iron-hoops from being
destroyed by the vinegar. The barrels and
vinegar are kept in the cellar, so covered
with burlap as to keep the dust out and let
the air in.

One year converts this water and honey
into the choicest vinegar. More age will
make it sharper, but at one j'ear old it is

Uoolittle on <|ueen-Rearing;.

Queens can be reared in the upper stories
of hives used for extracted honey, where a
queen-excluding honey -board is used, which
are as good, if not superior, to Queens
reared by any other process; and that, too,
while the old Queen is doing duty below,
just the same as though Queens were not
being reared above. This is a fact, though
it is not generally known.

If you desire to know how this can be
(jone— how to have Queens fertilized in up
per stories, while the old Queen is laying
below — how you may safely introdiice any
Queen, at any time of the year when bees
cay fiy — all about the different races of
bees— all about shipping Queens, queen-
cages, candy for queen-cages, etc.— all
about forming nuclei, multiplying or unit-
ing bees, or weak colonies, etc. ; or, in fact
everything about the queen-business which
you may want to know, send for " Doolit-
tle's Scientific Queen-Rearing;" a book of
170 pages, which is nicely bound in cloth,
and as interesting as a story. Price, $1.00.

■landlins; Kees.— This is the title of
a nice pamphlet containing 28 pages and a
cover, published by Chas. Dadant & Son.
It is a chapter from their book, Langstroth
Revised, and is an excellent thing for be-
ginners. Price, 8 cts. For sale at this office.

5

517

UeeM* l-^lowcrei und Ijove.

Do I love her ;
Does the earth love the suu

That it feeds upon i
Does the moon love the earth

In its circling girth ?
Do the stars love the sky

As they pale and die ;
Does the Held love the rain

On its parched grain ;
Does the tish love the sea

Where its life must be ;
-Does the dove love its mate

As it coos elate !
Do the bees love the flowers

They cling to in bowers 1
Does the babe love the breast

By its liplets pressed i
Does a man love his soul

In his dying dole ?
Does the mouth love the kiss

In its breath of bliss ?
Does young love love its dream

Of a love supreme ?
More than all these loves stir

Do I love her !

— WiLLAKD FiSKE.

^

Uncapped Honey Absorbings
Poison from Bees' Brealli.

Written for the Americ/in Bee Journal

Query 720. — Why does uncapped honey
in the comb take up poison from the bees'
breath, when candy or flattened sugar will
not while being melted, as I suppose, by
the breath of the bees ? — Mich.

Does it ?— C. C. Miller.

I do not think it does. — A. J. (JooK.

I cannot tell you. I am not posted in
that matter.— James Heddox.

I think that you assume what is not true.
— R. L. Taylor.

That's a " stunner." Ask James Hed-
don. — J. M. Hambaugh.

Do you not believe you have a wrong
idea of this matter ? — H. D. Cutting.

It does not. Your conclusion is based
upon false premises. — J. P. H. Browx.

Who did imagine that the breath of bees
poisons the uncapped honey i— Dadant &
Son.

It is unwise to attempt to account for a
thing that may have no existence. — M.
Mahin.

I do not believe that it does so at all. — C.

H. DiBBERN.

Prove that it does before you ask the
question " why V — Mrs. L. Harrison.

I do not think that uncapped honey takes
ofl: poison from the bees. Imagination some-
times goes a long ways. — G. L. Tinker.

Are you sure that a bee's breath contains
poison ? It breathes the same air that we
do. That the breath of the bee poisons
honey is something new to me. — G. M.
Doolittle.

I did not know that honey does "take up
poison from the bees' breath." This, if
true, is strange : and strange, if true.— J.
M. Shuck.

I was not aware that " the bees' breath "
was poison enough to affect the honey ;
and "flattened sugar" is, to me, a new
commodity. Is "Mich." giving us "taffy?"
—A. B. Mason.

7)oe.S' " uncau'ied honey take up poi.son
from the bees' |)reath <" I do not believe
it. If the poisoju is in bees' breath as well
as in the posterior anatomy, it is a surprise
to me. — Eugene Skcok.

I do not understand the above <]uestiou.
In fact, I do not know anything about the
idea attempted to be conveyed. I did not
know that bees' breath was poisonous ;
neither do I believe that it is. — J. B. Pond.

I do not know that it is "so." Honey
gets its formic acid from the affluvium
thrown oB' in the natural way from the
bodies of the bees, but I do not regard
formic acid, imparted in this way, " poison
in honey." When you open a hive, you
can smell formic acid ; of course the liquid
honey will absorb a little of it, which I
think is a wise provision in nature. — G. W.
Demaree.

This question is but a senseless jargon of
words — conveying no intelligent idea, and
having no foundation in fact, experience
or truth 1 From beginning to end, it is but
a supposition — a "vain imagination" —
nothing more ! — The Editor.

Extreme Age when Queens liave
Been Known to mate.

Written Jor the American Bee Journal

Query Til. — 1. How old was the oldest
queen when mated, that you have ever
known of ^ 2. Is six weeks too old for
queens to be mated ; — New York.

I have no experience. — Eugene Secor.

1. Thirty days. 3. Ordinarily, yes.— J.
M. Shuck.

1. I have no record. 3. I think so. — Mrs.
L. Harrison.

1. About 31 days. 3. Yes.— R. L. Taylor.

Please ask me this question later. — H. D.
Cutting.

1. We did not notice it. 2. We think
that six weeks is too much. — Dadant &
Son.

I do not know anything about this. Ask
the queen-rearers. — C. H. Dibeeun.

I cannot give exact flgures, but if a
queen did not lay at six weeks old, I would
smash her at three weeks old. — C. C.
Miller.

1. About ten days. 3. I believe it is. I
have had non-fertile queens laying at less
than three weeks old. — A. B. Mason.

1. I have known them to mate and be-
come good queens 13 days after coming
from the cell. 3. I should fear a delay
even of two weeks. — A. J. Cook.

1. I think that early in the spring I have
had queens mated that were three weeks
old. 3. I should have no hope of the mat-
ing of a queen so old as that. — M. Mahin.

1. I am not sure on this point. 2. I
doubt if a queen deprived of her nuptial
flight over two weeks, can be relied upon. —
J. M. Hambaugh.

1. Thirty days old. She did not prove
very prolific. 3. Six weeks may not be too
old for them to mate, but I think that they
would be worthless. — G. L. Tinker.

1. Well, I cannot say, but from 20 j'ears
of close observation I have found that
queens, if mated after 17 days old, are of
no account. 3. Yes. The exceptions would
be anomalous. — J. P. H. Brown.

1. I do not know. 2. As a rule, most
surely ; still it is barely possible. I should
myself, however, consider it time thrown
away to wait for the chance of mating
with such a queen. —J. E. Pond.

1. Twenty days. 2. Sucli a queen would
not be worth keeping, if she should mate at
that age. Queens usually mate when from
o to 7 days old.— G. M. Dddi.ittle.

1. I do not remember of ever having a
queen fertilized after her age had much
exceeded the ordinary time. I may have,
and forgotten it. 3. Yes, a good deal too
old. — James Heudon.

1. Eighteen days, and she proved a fail-
ure. 2. Yes, in my opinion, and I have
observed and experimented in this line no
little. A queen is not worth much if not
mated by the time she is 10 days old.
Nature is wonderful in her provisions. I
have had queens mated in the late autumn,
that did lay eggs until the following spring.
Perhaps they laid a little at the start, but
their eggs were neglected by the workers.
— G. W. Demaree.

Foul Ui'ood.- A correspondent asks
us to describe this disease in the Bee Jour-
nal, and to tell how to detect its first
appearance :

What is erroneously called foul brood is
a disease which attacks not only the brood
(sealed and unsealed), but also the full-
grown bees, and even the queen is some-
times affected by it. It is usually said that
"you will always find the cells sunken, and
a small hole the size of a pin head in the
centre of the comb looking brown and
bad;" that the "foul stench arising from
the diseased colony" will indicate the
disease, but there are so many different
shades and kinds of the disease that these
are not the only indications. Sometimes
brood, which to all outward appearance is
sound and healthy, upon closer inspection
will reveal the disease which has not yet
attained the condition of sickening stench
which is found in brood thoroughly ropy
and rotten. When it has reached the latter
condition, the only remedy we advise is to
utterly consume bees, hives, combs and
honey.

In the milder forms of the disease, pure
phenol is no doubt the best remedy. But
as it is difficult to obtain the pure article
except at the large wholesale dealers, it
can be obtained at the office of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal. One drop to 500 drops
of the syrup ss the formula recommended
by Mr. Cheshire, as will be seen by the
following from his pamphlet :

" I found that 1-200 (that is one part of
pure phenol i, 300 parts of syrup) was
refused by the bees altogether ; that 1-400
might be given constantlj' to a sound
colony without appearing to limit the
queen in breeding, or tour-li her health :
that 1-750 dispatched foul brood quickly,
even while honey was coming in ; and that
1-500 appeared enough when it was not.
I have established these quantities as the
correct ones." Moderate quantities are,
therefore, not injurious.

"Bees and Honey " is the title of one of
the very best books on bees. The present
edition is largely re-written, and is fully up
to the times. It is profusely illustrated. —
Farm, Field and Stockman.

518

T'HE mmimmi^MM bb^e jQjjmMMs^.

FOUL BROOD.

Origin of this Dread IVIaiafiy
Anions Bees.

Written for the American BeeJmi/nwl

BY C. J. ROBINSON.

While reading Pi-of. Cook's " Bulle-
tin'" on page 350, I felt constrained to
record exceptions to some of his
teaching — hence I review points con-
tained therein. He discnsses "fun-
goid in general." It is not possible to
even open such a discussion under-
standiiigly in the limits of a weeklj'
periodical, nor can a full review come
within such limited space. The Pro-
fessor records his conclusions, based
on theories alone ; at least, he failed
to support his doctrine by evidence or
plausible reasoning.

Concerniug fungoid, Prof. Cook
would fain have the laity apprised that
•■science has nnveiled the mysteries of
the tiny destroyers (bacteria), and re-
vealed the sword that la3's them low !"
Were such the fact, we should rejoice
over our deliverance from the thraldom
of fungoid. Notwithstanding he pro-
claims that a sword is revealed that
lays fungoid low, the records sliow
that the bills of mortality from fungoid
diseases have not been reduced in
numbers — such diseases as Prof. Cook
declares is the result of fungoid. He
tells his readers this :

Foul brood, like the Asiatic cholersi. tuber-
culosis, swine-plague, etc., is the result of
the grrowth and development in the animal
tissues ot myriads of very minute microscopic
plants (called fungoid), which are called
micro-organisms, or microbes. The disease
(which ?), like consumption. Asiatic cholera,
swine and chicken cholera, etc., which result
from the presence in tiie tissues of such
organisms, are called "' fungoid," as the or-
ganisms that produce them are fungi, which
reproduce by di\'ision or fission.

Perhaps all bee-keepers do not un-
derstand fully the term — "tissue." All
living bodies are made up of tissues —
there is no organ which has not this
peculiarity. The bonea, as well as the
tiesh and fat, are composed of tissues,
and all alike are made up of cells.

A variety of tissues enter into the
composition of an animal structure.
All living bodies throughout are per-
vaded by animalcules — spores or minute
seeds, and, perchance, they are vivi-
fied by some abnormal condition that
fosters hatching into microbes, symp-
toms of disease are present, but it is
not known that spores have anything
to do with the oiigin of such diseases
as Prof. Cook named, leaving out foul
brood, whicli is not a disease — no more
so than cases of poisoning, or the fer-
menting of "cider and sweet liquids."

A fetus, while growing in the womb,
may die — have occasionally died — yet
the mother have no symptoms of dis-
ease. So with foul broo(l — the organic
composition of bee-brood is radically
different, in a chemical sense, from
imago bees. Hence the poison — putrid
fermentation — cannot act on matured
organism while life exists. The mo-
ment life is extinct, the spores in the
tissues begin to ply their role — hatch
into microbes and multiply with as-
tonishing rapidity, providing a warm
temperature is present. All bodies
will retain form and never change
even after death, except for bacteria.

Whenever lesion of tissue occurs,
food is generated for micro-organisms,
and then the spores hatch into the
forms that grow, multiply and feed on
the diseased tissue. In cases of con-
sumption, the tissue substance of some
part of the lungs becomes ulcerated
from some cause yet unknown, but
usually preceded by symptoms of
weakened vitality — symptoms which
cannot be ascribed to germs.

Some years ago a microscopist dis-
covered bacteria in the lungs of one
who died with consumption. Straight-
way the finding was hailed to be the
" unveiling" of a hitherto unfathom-
able mystery, but as yet no noise has
been heard, as would be in the event a
"sword" had been "revealed" that
defends people from such diseases as
Prof. Cook named ; and since that dis-
covery, the disciples of Prof. Cook's
doctrine — I do not name him the
father — claim that bacteria, in some
form, directly and independently origi-
nate diseases.

With all due respect for Prof. Cook
as an eminent scientist pertaining to
the special branches that he is quali-
fied to teach, I beg leave to question
some of the doctrine which he advo-
cated. I suppose Prof. Cook lays no
claim to the profession of Pathologist,
yet his Bulletin smacks of pathology,
norology, and etiology — especially the
latter. If Prof. C. is really competent
to teach these sciences, it is very
strange that he groups epidemic willa
endemic diseases, and includes non-
contagious diseases into one and the
same class, even including foul brood.
It is not, as Prof. C. well knows, ad-
mitted by a majority of medical scien-
tists, that consumption is the "result"
of spores or microbes, nor is it ad-
mitted that the disease is contagious
or transferable, except by inoculation.
Long ago Pasteur claimed that
micro-organisms were the germ of
splenic fever, and of late some refer
the origin of epidemic diseases to the
presence of germs. The recent re-
searches of the eminent French biolo-
gists— M. M. Apostoli and Laquerriere
— will prove to be a great medical dis-

covery, perhaps (?). They claim that
the antiseptic and destructive effects
of a constant galvanic current on dis-
ease-prod ucing germs and microbes,
is adapted to the treatment of maladies
in which no drug can kill or remove
the parasite. Perhaps electrogalvan-
ism is the "sword" that lays them
low.

If Prof. Cook can unveil the " mys-
teries " and reveal a sword that lays
them low, he would be crowned the
peer of William Harvey, who, in 1628,
discovered the circulation of the blood;
and the former wo(dd have a niche in
history on a plane with the latter.

It is no " m3-stery " of the time nor
of late, but it is a well known fact that
animate organisms are universally dif-
fused over every part of the globe.
Organic beings are found in the interior
of the earth. Excavations, sunken
deep shafts have revealed their forms,
likewise, the smallest fossil organisms
from subterranean strata many fathoms
deep. Not-only do lakes and inland
seas abound with life, but, also, from
unknown depths, in volcanic districts,
arise thermal springs which contain
living insects. Indeed, the atmosphere
is charged with " tiny " spores. Were
we endowed with a microscopic eye,
we might see myriads of ethereal voy-
agers " on dress parade," wafted bj"
on the breeze, as we now behold drift-
ing clouds of aqueous vapor. Prof.
Cook mentions :

The forms that live on live animals and
tissues, just as truly produce decomposition,
disorganize the tissues, and this disease may
be death. Such are the microbes that produce
cholera, consumption (!) and diphtheria
among people, and foul brood among bees.

Mark, he has il tliat the same forms
— same form of bacteria — that live on
live animals and tissues (even the skin
is tissues) produce each of the named
diseases. If his assertions are correct,
one form of germs do all the harm, and
they are ever present — " live on live
animals and tissues." Prof. Cook fails
to inform how it is that these " forms
live" dormant on animals and tissues.
and at a time, which they keep secret,
start cholera, consumption, etc. Do
these forms get mad, and, if desper-
ately mad, size up Asiatic cholera ?
Certainly the Asiatic "forms" go in
hugely livelier than the consumption
"forms." This is one of the "mys-
teries" that science hath not "un-
veiled."

Concerning Asiatic cholera, the true
pathology of the disease, or group of
diseases, is by no means settled by
medical scientists. The patholog}' of
this affection comprises three divisions,
viz ; «, its morbid anatomy ; h, its bac-
teriology ; c, its chemistry. A case of
summer complaint in America presents
symptoms on the part of the bowels,
on the part of the circulation, of the

L

the; ix,iviERicari j^um journal.

510

respiration, the kidneys, the skin, and
the nervous center.like Asiatic eholera,
and practitioners find the dift'ercnt
phases of tlie disease are legion.

The summer cholera in Asia is gen-
•erally more acnte than summer com-
plaint here. The bowel symptoms are
usually the most prominent. It does
not seem rational to call a relatively
mild case of summer diarrhea, and to
call another cholera infantum, which
has the same symptoms, and only the
same symptoms as the former, but in a
much more aggravated form.

The etiological consideration of these
liiseases. Prof. C. wholly ascribes to
micro-organisms, but he does not offer
any evidence or authority as corrobora-
tive of his naked assertion based on
his fancj' alone.

From what I have learned concern-
ing these diseases, I will, without fear
of contradiction, record the well
known fact that it has not j'et been
shown that any of the forms of summer
cholera are due to the action of a
specific micro-organism multiplying in
the blood or tissues. There certainly'
are bacteria in great plenty in the in-
testinal canal — the organisms which
induce fermentations everywhere,
whenever chemical elements combine
in a way to favor their action. Chemi-
cal substances alone can produce all
of the symptoms of cholera and other
disease.

Every stool from a. case of cholera
or summer complaint is a fermenting
mass. How do we know this ? Be-
cause, in the first place, we have in
the stool (or the chyme that precedes
it) the materials to maintain fermenta-
tion ; second, we have the micro-
organisms to induce fermentation ;
third, we have the proper conditions
of heat and moisture in the intestine
to facilitate the fermentation ; and,
lastly, we have the results of the fer-
mentation— the putrid products, and
the sour-smelling, fatty acids.

I have thus followed Prof. Cook by
way of review of his essay, which pur-
ports to be a Bulletin relating to Foul
Brood. Right here I inquire, what re-
lation do the diseases hold to foul
brood ? That which is known as foul
brood was go named by German bee-
keepers. They saw the larva; in the
colony rot. become a putrid mass, and
they called it "foul brood ;" and they
saw cases somewhat unlike (dift'erent
stages), and they fancied that there
are two kinds — the moist and the dry.
Father Langstroth in his best of any
of the bee-books, treats of foul brood
learnedly at the time. Since then the
"mystery"' has been unveiled, and
swords were at hand to lay the de-
stroyer low. I was the first who an-
anounced that foul brood was the re-
sult of bacteria (see the Bee-Keepers'

Exchanrjc of August, 1S82). I here
( I note extracts from one of my com-
munications, under date of 1882 :

As soon Its lili' i-' extinct, spontaneous fer-
muutation ensues, followed by chan^(;s of
properties in the substance that formed t tie
animate tissues ai-risinir from new combina-
tions of their principles. The fermenliuff:
process, called decomjiosins:. rotting-, is de-
pendent upon certain conditions— a hi^^ii teni-
i>eraturc and ninisl ure— sufticient moisture to
act as a menstrum aids the process that
develops or leads ni g:eneratinj? the so-trailed
foul-brood virus, which acts asadeadly i>oison
on living: tissues of the same org:anic matter-
larva?— but does not act on tissues of imago
bees.

In all cases where the fermenting- process
has been complete, decomposition ensues, and
the sphacelus lai-\':e is true ^ran^reuc, every
particle of which will, like leaven, take root
by inoculation in healthy brood, and, like
gang-rene, spreads through to all the live
tissues of the san^ organism— animate larvie.
If the fermentat*n of dead brood has pro-
ceeded rapidly, and reached a certain stage of
change througii evolution, it is putrefactive-
foul t)rood— emitting a putredinous stench.
Chilled brood ma.v appear putrid to an ine.v-
perieuced observer when the fermentation
had not been such fife is requisite to generate
true "foul" or termentive virus peculiar in
its properties as Vtrood virus.

Prof. Cook mentions that, " All of
these (micro-organisms) cause decom-
position of the material on which they
work. The substances that arise in
this decomposition either go to nourish
the itiicrobes. or are given ofl" as ex-
creta, just as we excrete carbonic acid
in our life economy." Does he enter-
tain the idea and aim to have us un-
derstand that decomposing substances
afford food for microbes ? Or are we
taught by him that the "substances
that arise " are given off as excreta —
which ?

He further mentions: "Thus in
sweet liquids these (bacteria) cause
fermentation, as when cider changes
to alcohol, and then to vinegar (acid
fermentation). In meat and other
dead animal tissues they cause putre-
faction. Rot, then, is simply the feed-
ing of countless millions of these micro-
organisms on the decaying tissue."

That last sentence is strictly correct,
and foul brood is simply rot — but when
did Prof. Cook learn the fact ? If I
correctly read the first edition of his
treatise on bees, he did not "unveil"
any of the "mysteries" concerning
foul brood. It is less than one decade
since I advanced the theory and claim
that so-called foul brood is a fermen-
tative bacteria rotting, and under cer-
tain circumstances originates sponta-
neously in foul brood. At the appear-
ance of my communications they were
even ridiculed. One of my essays was
read in convention in 1882-83, and
Mr. D. A. Jones, of Canada, remarked:
" I doubt foul brood being a germ dis-
ease." Such was the opinion generally
up to that time. Later on, that emi-
nent scientist, Mr. Cheshire, of Eng-
land, began his researches in scientific
bee-culture, and has educated the
world so that now doubts are not en-
tertained on that point.

Prof, ('ook does not bioach llie sub-
ject of the origin of foul brood, and, so
far as I know, Mr. Cheshire ignores
the sul)ject. None of the authors of
bee-l)ook.s attempt to ' ' unveil " the
sti))))oseil mysteries of the origin of
foul brood. Certain correspondents
have mentioned that foul brood some-
times originates in colonies. The)-
were cognizant of the fact, but they
did not ascribe the factor or cause to
the real source. ■ A veteran and expert
New York bee-keeper attributed the
cause of foul brood originating, as it
had in some of his colonies, to the
brood being fed fermenting honey.

One very overweening scribe, who
writes about everything of which he is
uninformed, mentions this: "The origin
of foul brood is in obscuritj' — there are
two kinds — the moist and the dry ; it
is probable that it is imported in honey
from the India Islands." The potato-
bug certainl)' came from the Western
regions — that is well known ; but no-
body knows that foul brood ever was
imported, though perhaps it has been
exported. History informs us that
foul brood existed as a scourge in the
palmy days of Aristotle.

The scribe alluded to, though inde-
fatigable, has not "unveiled" one of
the mysteries concerning bees or bee-
keeping— yet he pompously ridiculed
my essay on foul brood !

The changes that fermentation pro-
duces are mysterious and wonderful.
It develops several different organic
substances in passing through different
stages, defined by authors as vinus,
acetic and putrefactive, and the term
is applied to other processes of change,
as the panaiy fermentation or rising
of bread. Vinus fermentation does not
generate poison, but acetous (which
follows vinus and terminates in the .
production of alcohol) is poisonous in
the latter stage, especially so when
transformed into ether and chloroform.
Besides the fermentation of vegeta-
ble substances caused by fungoid or
spores, there is putrid fermentation of
animal — animate tissues — the process
of change beginning the instant vitality
ceases to exist, even though only a
small part of the whole tissues of the
body be involved, as in cases of gan-
grene or mortification. After dissolu-
tion of the whole body, putrefaction
begins, followed by " rot."

Knowing these facts, it is reasonable
grounds for the belief — for the con-
clusion— that it is probable that the
honey-bee larvre are not only liable to
putrid fermentation, but that larv£e,
under circumstances that favor fer-
mentative action, do proceed to pois-
onous rot — real virus, which, in case
the poison touches live tissues of the
same organic structure as that from
which the poisonous matter was when

520

TMm mwmmmi^mm mmn j©^ki«mil.

.alive, inoculates — as truly as small-
pox virus, and the whole body or mass
becomes putrid by the putrifying
germs attacking all brood adjacent.

I trust that I have thus made myself
understood ; th.it is, I have aimed to
explain how it is a fact that foul brood
is liable and does occasionally origi-
nate in a colony. How do I know
.such to be a fact ? Because I have
proved the fact by experiment. My
limits will not allow me to give it in
detail here, but I will do so in a future
issue.

Richford, N. Y.

LOCATING- HIVES.

Placing the Hires so tliat the
Bees IHark their Location.

Written for the National Stockman

BY G. M. DOOLITTLE.

It is supposed by some that when
the bees are put from the cellar, each
colony must occupy the exact position
or stand that it did the summer and
fall previous, or else mauj' bees will be
lost by going back to their former
location.

All who are at all familiar with the
bees, know that the young bee when it
comes out of the hive for the first time
marks its location bj- turning its head
towards the hive upon taking wing,
when it commences to fly in front of
the hive in circles, each circle growing
lai'ger as it goes further from the hive,
until it is lost from sight. In this way
the exact .spot of "home" is located,
after which no more pi'ecaution needs
to be taken by the bee, for it seems to
remember ever afterward where
home is. For this reason it leaves the
hive at all subsequent times in a direct
line of flight, never looking at the hive
at all, so that if the hive is afterward
carried to a new location, the bees do
not seem to know it (unless carried
two or more miles away), but sally
forth only to return to the exact spot
where they first marked their home,
there to die homeless wanderers.

Now while, as a rule, this is per-
fectly true, no matter whether the hive
is moved at night or in the day-time,
yet I find that there are two exceptions,
one of which is in the case of a swarm,
and the other is the first flight in the
spring. While the bees seem to know
where their old location was, so that
the swarm, or bees in the spring, can
return if they desire to, still a swarm
does not so desire except from the loss
of the queen, nor do bees in the spring,
if put out in the manner about to be
described ; hence in putting out, I
always place the hive where I wish it
to stand, thus avoiding much incon-
venience and extra work.

When I get ready to put the bees
from the cellar, I first light the smoker
and proceed with it and a spring
wheelbarrow to the cellar-door, at
which place both are left, when I go
in and bring out one of the colonies
and place it on the barrow. As soon
as this is done I puft' a little smoke in
at the entrance of the hive, so as to
keep the bees from rSnuing out and
stinging me, which they are sure to do
if no precaution is taken ; and of all
the bees to sting, those which are sud-
denly awakened from a long winter
nap are the worst.

Again, all such bees as get out be-
fore the hive is placed iipon its stand
are lost, as they mark their location
where they leave the hive, and so
never find it again. Also the smoking
causes them to be slo\Ker about coming
out, so that swarming out and confu-
sion are avoided. As soon as the
smoke is puffed into the hive, the cellar
door is shut, so as not to raise the tern
perature. and thus arouse the bees in-
side, when the hive is wheeled to
where it is to stand during the summer,
the entrance adjusted, and the cover
put on.

In putting out, they are not all taken
out at once, but I put out from 10 to
15 in the morning, scattering them
well over the yard, and then as many
more at night, placing these last put
out around among those put out in the
morning, and thus all mixing is
avoided. I begin putting out about 4
o'clock in the afternoon, so that the
bees can get through flying before sun-
set ; and of course it is understood
that the bees are only put out on pleas-
ant days, with the mercury at 50° or
above in the shade. In this way I con-
tinue on pleasant days until all are out.

After putting out it sometimes hap-
pens (especiallj' if the weather is verj-
warm) that the first put out will com-
mence to rob or carry ofl;' the stores of
those put out last, which are so busy
with their cleansing flight that they do
not seem to notice robbers. Robbing
is not always confined to such colonies,
but all weak colonies, whether win-
tered in the cellar or otherwise, are
subject to be attacked in the spring,
and I know of no one thing in bee-
keeping that is more vexatious to the
apiarist than i-obbing.

While to the experienced eye rob-
ber-bees are easily distinguished, j-et
those just starting out in bee-keeping
are often perplexed to know whether
their bees are being robbed or not, as
young bees at play often resemble rob-
bers. I know of but one sure way for
inexperienced persons to tell when a
colony of bees is being robbed, and
that is by killing two or three of the
suspected bees and dissecting them, so
as to expose" the honej'-sac. If this

sac is empty there is nothing wrong,
but if you find a bee leaving a hive
with its sac filled with honey, rest
assured that robbing is going on, for
bees in a normal condition should be
always conveying honey to the hive,
not from it.

To prevent robbing as far as pos-
sible, close the entrance to the weakest
colonies, so that but one bee can pass
at a time, and allow not over two-
inches in length of entrance to the
strongest. If robbing has actually
started, close the entrance so that only
one bee can enter the hive at a time,
leaving it thus until evening,so as little
of the honey will be carried ofl' as pos-
sible ; and after all is quiet at night,
carry the robbed colony to the cellar,
leaving it there for a few dajs, until
the bees forget the place, or are en-
gaged in getting nectar from the now
opening flowers, v\'heu the colony is to
be returned to its former location.
After trying all plans for the stopping
of robbing, I much prefer this to any
other.

Borodino, N. Y.

CLOVER HONEY.

The Season and Condition or
the Bees in Iowa.

Written for Vis American Bee Journal
BY PRANK COVERDALE.

We have just passed through the
white clover honey harvest, and it has
proved to be almost a failure, there
being no honey from clover. Bees, as
a rule, last fall, were put into winter
quarters heavy in stores, and came out
of the cellar in good condition, .ind, in
fact, those wintered on the summer
stands were none behind, even when
not protected. Brood-rearing went on
finelj' — better progress in this direc-
tion could not be wished for.

Soft maple was first to bloom, and
bees gathered a fair amount of pollen
from it. Then the variety of willow
that grows along the creeks and
swampj- places attbrded a goodly
amount of pollen.

Next in rotation was the upland
willow — a variety that some years ago
was planted in great numbers ; from
this source enough lioney was gath-
ered to last until fruit-bloom, but the
latter yielded scarcely enough to keep
the bees in good condition. Dande-
lion also afforded verj' little nectar ;
raspberry did better, and helped the
bees a very little, and when clover
came into bloom, rain was the order
of every day during the most of its
bloom, though tjie clover seemed to be
full of nectar whenever the bees could
get out. The weather was so warm

THE mrmmmicKn ibeh^ jouRNffiL.

5^21

•- '- ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ * ^ " '^ *

that vegetation was pushed rightalong;
thus the main flow was soon ovei'.

But I do not wisli to lay all the
blame to the bad weather in June.
One-third of my bees had plenty of
honey to keep up rapid brood-rearing
from spring until now, and these same
colonies produced, this season, an
average of -40 pounds of comb honej',
and of extracted Gli pounds. Th#
other two-thirds of my colonies, which
were in a starving condition in the
latter half of May, during which time
they ceased to rear much brood, thus
reducing the colonies in numbers,
rather than increasing the same — this
indeed is half the cause of the failure,
for the latter did not, on an average,
store 10 pounds of surplus honey from
clover. Is it not plain enough to see,
that had I fed the last colonies, and
kept up brood-rearing, I might have
had a fair crop of clover honey, de-
spite the poor season ? Ten pounds of
sugar per colony would have done the
work, and if it should have made them
as strong as the former, I would have
20 pounds of honey, clear, for the
labor of feeding, which, in an apiary
of 100 colonies, would have added
$134 to the income fi'om the bees ; that
is, not counting one's time or sections
to hold the honey. This shows the
great necessity of having rousing colo-
nies for the honej' harvest.

Welton, Iowa, June 14, 1890.

REVERSING.

Tlie Objects of Reversing the
Brood-Combs Explained.

Read at the Ohio State Convention

BY CHALON FOWLS.

My object in reversing the brood-
combs, is to induce the bees to enter
the sections more promptly, to prevent
swarming by removing one of the
causes of swarming, and to get the
winter stores in part of the combs, in-
stead of a little in all and not much in
any.

Some five or six years ago, in one of
his articles, Mr. G. M. Doolittle made
this assertion : "The greatest secret of
getting comb honey is to get the sec-
tions just as near to the brood as pos-
sible ; and any plan which allows of
one or more inches of sealed honey
between the sections, is certainly de-
fective." This was not disputed at the
time, and has not been since to my
knowledge. Assuming, then, that this
is correct, it only remains for us to
discuss the best means of forcing the
brood right up to the top of the brood-
frames.

Now the old plan of extracting from
the brood-combs, for this purpose, as

everybody knows, is an entire failure.
The plan of contracting the brood-
chamber to 4 or 5 combs is successful,
but involves tjie condition of having
the brood-clnimber narrower than the

Franii j.Vo. 1 — I'op.

super, and also involves leaving the
brood-chamber without honey at the
close of the season. This is a serious
objection in my locality, as we seldom
get much fall honey.

Making the brood-chamber shallow,
with the combs only 4 or 5 inches
deep, I have tried with new swarms,
and it works vvell ; but there is still at
least one objection — there is no room
for winter stores. Besides, in my case,
I have more than a thousand nice
worker-combs in wired Langstroth
frames, and I cannot afl'ord to tlirow
them aside ; and if I produce comb
honey, I must use them as brood-

No. 1 — After Inversion.

combs, and I must manage, in some
way, to bring the brood to the top of
the frames. This can be done by re-
versing, and still use a full set of
combs.

Unlike the contracting method, the
size of the brood-chamber does not
need to be guaged by the fertility of
the queen, but the combs occupied by
the queen will be solid with brood, and
those which slie does not occupy, will
be solid with honey. To illustrate
with a new swarm hived on comljs or
comb foundation :

In ten or twelve days the brood in
the central combs will look something
like engraving No. 1. If there is any
capped honey above the brood in the
central combs, it should be lightly
mashed down with a knife or finger,
and the com))s reversed. The bees
will, of course, remove the honey fi^om

this unnatural portion, giving the
(jueen more room in llie same comb,
leaving tin; outside combs to be filled
with honey.

In niite or ten days more, the central
combs will be found to be solid with
brood, but tliey need to be reversed
now (see engraving No. 2), so as to
throw tlie larva; and eggs above, and
the sealed brood below, where the bees
are not inclined to store honejs and
the queen will lill the combs with eggs
as fast as the bees hatch, so that in
nine or ten days more, the capped
brood is all replaced by eggs and
larva;, when they are to be reversed
again, and so on, as long as honey is
coming in fast enougli to crowd the
queen.

The object is to reverse often enough
so as to never lei any brood hatch in the

Frame No. -' — Top.

lo^} of the frame. This makes it im-
possible for the bees to store any
honey there, excepting, as before
mentioned, in combs at the side.

I do not advocate reversing shallow
combs — say .^ or 0 inches in depth —
but only claim that reversing is an im-
portant aid in securing the best results
in comb honey, with the majority of
frames now in use — Langstroth size or
deeper.

As a preventive of swarming, re-
versing succeeds just where the ex-
tracting method failed, as it gives the
queen more room, and the honey re-
moved goes into the sections instead

]So. -i— After Inversion.

of the extracted honej-. Besides, the
next honey gathered must go into the
sections, instead of being crammed in
around the brood.

I commenced the use of reversible
frames five years ago last spring, hiv-

522

's-rnm SMEMicMSf mmm joiwrnmrni^.

ing 40 new swarms on them the first
jeai', and I have gradually attached
reversing eornters to my old combs, so
that they are nearly all reversible at
present. Thus the conclusions Ihat I
have arrived at do not result from
theor}', but from practice.
Oberlin. Ohio.

PEACHES.

Bees and Peaflies — Their True
Relations.

Written for the Massaehxi^etts Plowjliman

BT GEO. A. STOCKWELL.

Fruit growers in different parts of
the country declare periodical!}- that
bees destro}' fruit, carry it awaj'. and
thus rob the owner.

One man relates that he found two
pears on a tree that were hollow. The
bees had found an opening in the
broken skin of the pear, and had car-
ried away the flesh, leaving the skin,
the pear hanging from the branch, and
having the appearance of perfect fruit.
Other pears were parti}' excavated.

This may appear to be conclusive
evidence against the bee — that the bee
is a reckless forager, and a ruthless
destroyer, but it is not conclusive evi-
dence that the bee causes the fruit-
grower much loss. Two whole pears !
Two imperfect pears carried avifay by
bees ! What a calamity ! Ai-e not the
bees entitled to two pears — two dozen
pears — as a reward for labor that puts
money in the fruit-growers' pocket ?
Po.ssibly if there liad been no bees, the
yield of this orchard would have been
less. The distribution of pollen by the
bees increases the yield. This is an
established fact.

But why did the bees carry off those
two pears, or whj' did they not carry
all of them away ? Because the bees
found the door invitingly open, out of
wliich came a delightful odor, and also
a sweet syrup trickling over the thresh-
old. Of course they went in ! All
that sweetness running to waste when
honey in the field was scarce ! Eagerly
they worked their way in, and took it
all, leaving only the skin and stem of
the peai-. The pears thus robbed are
imperfect pears, and would be of no
value, except for home consumption,
and perhaps would serve little for any
purpose, and hence the bee as a fruit
robber does not interfere very much
with the prosperity of the fruit-grower.
A sound pear, plum, or peach has no
more attraction for a bee than a piece
of wood or stone. When the skin
breaks, by which most fruit is made
imfit for market, then the bee helps
itself. While bees may carry away
any sweet substi^nce in liquid form

rapidly, yet they can remove only a
half drop at a time. Mrs. A., living
near 10 colonies of bees began to make
peach preserves one morning, and
thoughtlessly invited the bees by
throwing the peach-parings in an ad-
joining iielil. The bees came, but
were not satisfied with parings when
there was something -better in the
house. They entered through two
open windows, and the picnic began.

A large milk-pan full of peaches and
syrup stood on a table in the centre of
the room. Mrs. A. was afraid of bees,
and withdrew to another part of the
house. The bees were not driven out
till two o'clock in the afternoon, when
the owner of the bees was found.
Although many thousands of bees were
in tlie room about three hours, they
had not been able to carry away all
the syrup between the peaches in the'
pan. Of course the bees, if the}' had
had time, would have carried awa}'
everything except the pan and the
peach-pits.

The same is true in a vineyard or an
orchard. If the fruit ripe to bursting
could remain indefinitely, the bees, if
in sufficient force, would carry away
all of it. The fruit has no attraction
for bees until ripe enough for the juice
to run, and not then unless the juice
does run, and it will not run from
sound fruit. When the fruit is ripe it
is picked, and what the bees snatch in
this short interval between ripening
and picking, from unsound fruit, is not
worth talking about.

In a vineyard where grapes are
grown for wine — where broken grapes
are as good as any if placed at once in
the press, the bees may take a few
hundred or thousand half drops, but
as such broken grapes are gathei'ed
immediately, the total amount of tlie
bees' stealings is hardly a factor, prob-
ably not equal to the amount of juice
lost or wasted in going from the vine
to the bottle.

Some men live on imagination and
exaggeration, the latter, perphaps un-
intentional. In walking through a
grapery, the owner seeing a dozen
bees at work, exclaimed disconsolately,
'■The bees ruin the grapes ! Not much
use to raise grapes where there are
bees !" Even grocers in cities com-
plain that the bees carry off whole
bunches of bananas, rob sugar barrels,
and make free with a great qua n o f
confectionery. The grocer may lose a
few half drops of syrup from his fruit
displayed at the door, or from an
empty molasses hogshead in his back
yard. That's all — such a trifling loss
that onl}' a prodigy in mathematics
could compute the pro rata cost. To
tlie enemy of bees, a bee is as formid-
able and destructive as an ox in a
crockerv store.

A sound pear was covered with
honey and placed near the apiarj'. The
honey was removed quickly, the pear
" licked" dry, but the pear remained
intact. If there had been a pin-hole
break in the skin, only the skin and
stem of the pear would have remained.
Certainly the bees for the service thej'
render, are entitled to a few half drops
oi syrup running to waste from fruit
that has no market value.

Providence, R. I.

EXPERIENCE.

Bee-Keeping
Season

Mysteries — Tlie
ill Iowa.

Written fr/r the American Dee Journal

S. C. DIEKDDPF.

I have learned that there seems to
be a good deal of suspense about bee-
keeping, and until some one can prove
himself a true prophet, there will still
be some mysteries to contend with. I
commenced four years ago with 2 col-
onies, and secured a number of the
very best bee books and periodicals,
and can thank those for the informa-
tion that I gathered I have multiplied
my little apiary to 32 colonies of bees,
besides giving my daughter 3 colonies,
and my sister 4. I would say to all
able correspondents, that a great deal
of faith and confidence is placed in
their experience. I, for one, the past
spring, came nearly missing it, by fol-
lowing their directions in this way :

We do not always know what kind
of stores our bees have, and we do not
know what kind of a winter we will
liave. Our bees became verj' uneasj-
in February, and out they had to come,
because I felt that they would wear
themselves out.. So we placed them
on the stands, and found some of them
in a tolerably bad condition. All of
my 26 colonies came out alive, but 2
of them afterwards swarmed out, one
having no honey, and the other no
queen.

I have had but 6 swarms this season.
In May I put on surplus cases on all
the strongest colonies, and they all
went to work in them nicely. Only
one of them swarmed, but for the last
three weeks the hot, dry winds kept
the bees from finisliing the capping of
their honey.

This is a changeable climate. Last
year, at this time, it was our best time
for honey ; now tlie flowers are nearly
all dried up, but buckwheat is com-
mencing to bloom. Last winter the
bees did better out of the cellar. I
believe we should put the bees in and
out of the cellar according to tlie
severity of the winters ; that is the way
I did with mine, and some of my

THB mMiBmicmn mmm jouRisai,.

528

neighbors hail from 4 to 24 coU)nic.s
wlicn I commenced — some of tliem
have none now. Some lost because
they left them out in tlie severe win-
ters ; some left them in the granary —
all died last winter. Some lost be-
cause they left them in the cellar too
long. I think that we must be gov-
erned by the changeable climate. The
man that had 24 colonies has 42 now.

M}- last year's crop was a little over
500 pounds ; I sold it all at 12J cents
per pound, and I could have sold that
much more — all comb honey.

Yale, Iowa, July 17, 1890.

COWTVENTION DIRECTORY.

1890. Ti7ne and place of meeting .

Aug. 19.— Northern lltinoia, at Harlem, lUs.

D. A. Fuller, Sec , Cherry Valley, Ills.

Aug. 29.— Haldiniand, at South Cayusa, Ont.

B. C. Campbell, Sec., Cayuga, Ont.

Sept 10.— Ionia County, at Ionia, Mich.

H. Smith. Sec.. Ionia, Mich.

Oct. 29-31.— International American, at Keokuk. la.

C. P. Dadant, Sec, Hamilton, lUa.

Oct.— Missouri State, at Mexico, Mo.

J. W. Rouse, Sec, Santa Fe, Mo.

BS*" In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each futur^meeting. — TuE EDiron.

International Bee-Association.

President— Hon. H. L. Taylor.. Lapeer, Mich.
Secretary— C. P. Dadant Hamilton, Ills.

* National Bee-Keepers' Union.

President— Jimies Heddon ..Dowaglac, Mich.
Sec'y. AND Manager— T. G. Newman, Chicago.

White Honey Harvest Pas^t.

The season for white honey is past here
(Grand river valley), and I do not think,
after an examination of several hundred
colonies, that they have exceeded 10
pounds of comb honey per hive. The diffi-
culty is too cold nights and not sufficient
dew. We expect a fall crop, which is
usually of good quality here.

Harmon Smith.

Ionia, Mich., July 17. 1890.

Uee-Kecpin;; on Liong^ Island.

The bees are doing well in this part of
the country (mine are the only ones
around). My first swarm escaped and
took up its abode in a Negro meeting-
house ; my last also joined them. My 3
colonies built up exceedingly well, and I
have hived 3 swarms from them, besides 3
escaping, and making one small swarm go
back. That makes a total of 6 colonies.
The white clover flow was immense here,
but I did not get any surplus, on account
of swarming. The golden-rod flow will
soon be here, and then I expect something
sweet from the hives.

The third swarm that issued from one of
my hives, I made to re-enter the parent
hive, first catching the queen and clipping
her wing. I did this aliout ao days ago,

and have seen ni) increase in bees. Is that
queen all right, or should she be superseded,
and how, as 1 have only box hives, which
are accessiljlc only by the flight eutrance,
and the entrance to the surplus chamber ?
The holes are round, and about one inch in
dianiete% What is to be done '.

How is it thiit some people recommend
Lizzie Cotton, wiiile others run her down ?
The letter I forwarded from one of the men
who gives his testimonial iu her circular,
praises her " sky high."

O. R. Hawkins.

Bellport, N. Y., July 15, 1890.

[We cannot answer the question about
Mrs. Cotton. We hope she has had enough
experience now to deal squarely with her
customers. The many complaints hei'eto-
fore registered show that she did not do so
then. — Ed.]

I\o Siii'plns Honey.

There is absolutely no surplus honey in
this part of Michigan as yet. Bees which
have been neglected are dying of starva-
tion. Colonies are being depopulated fast.
There was no swarming.

(Rev.) Wm. Anderson.

Imlay City, Mich., July 16, 1890.

Very Small ^Vliite Honey Crop.

The white honey harvest is closed here,
and it will not e.xceed 10 pounds per col-
ony. One hundred acres of Alsike utterly
failed as a source of honey. There was
plenty of bloom, but fevp swarms, and
little honey. B. H. Standisii.

Evansviile, Wis., July 19, 1890.

Hoping^ tor a Fall Crop.

My bees are doing nothing. I have 101
colonies now from 70, spring count, and
have taken only 117 pounds of comb
honey. Bees are mostly in chafl" hives.
Everything was drying up here, but a big
thunder shower and heavy rainfall last
night has given us all hope for a fall crop
of honey. C. M. Burgess.

Council Bluffs, Iowa, July 19, 18gB.

Poore<<«t Sea<^on tor Vear!«.

At this season we are looking for reports
of the honey crop of the country. My 200
colonies of bees have not yielded one pound
of surplus honey yet. I have only about 8
or 10 swarms, and no prospect of more. It
is the poorest season for many years so far.
Basswood bloom is nearly over, and no
honey. We hope for a crop of fall honey.
Farm crops are generally good.

F Wilcox.

Mauston, Wis., July 31, 1890.

Xlie Manielests Bee-Ui!«ea!«e.

Dear Editor ; — Please examine the bees
which I send you, and report the trouble
and remedy, if any. They came from a
young colony that issued on July 4, and
worked finely for ten days building fine
white combs in all the frames. Al)out five
days ago I noticed some bees hopping
around, much like grasshoppers ; they were
beautiful yellow bees, but I thought they
were a little swollen ; they would fly, or
sometimes crawl out on the alighting-
board, hop around a little, and now they
are in a new hive, about 6 feet from the
mother hive, and the same distance from a
sister swarm that issued the third day
after. There is nothing wrong with them.

Now if there is any danger of coutagiou,
1 will at once destroy them ; tbey are from
a fine strain of Italians, which I got last
spring. They are as fine a race of bees
as I over saw. I enclose a few taken a
little before death. H. P. Jonks.

Kenovo, Pa.

By request, Prof. A. J. Cook examined
the bees, and reports as follows concerning
them ;

This is what is called the "nameless bee-
disease." Cheshire says it is caused l>y a
bacillus, which he calls Bacillus Gatoni. 1
find evidence of bacilli in all the bees. What
is very curious, all the bees have a thin
honey stomach, stomach and intestines
perfectlj' full of granulated honey or sugar,
while there is no sign of pollen-grains. It
is very rare to find such a condition at this
season. The remedy is to change the
queens. I would put a new queen in this
colony, and the other queen, if I prized her,
I would put in another colony. Just to try
her. Then if she did no better, kill her. —
A. J. Cook.

Only One-Foiirtli of a Crop.

The honey crop will not be over one-
fourth in this section this season. At this
date the white honey must be all gathered.
Where is the honey to come from it wet
weather spoiled it ? Must not the price be
much higher than last season '.

A. A. Harrison.

McLain, Pa., July 22, 1890.

Ciilorotbrniina;' Itees.

My 12 colonies of bees are doing fairly
well in the Langstroth hives. I have 13
colonies in box-hives, which have stored no
surplus honey at all, and would like to get
rid of them. I do not know of any way but
to kill them in the fall, which I really hate
to do, and were I able to attend to theni, I
would transfer them. Could I smother
them with chloroform, so they would not
come to life again >. Would it injure the
honey ? D. A. Montague.

Buckingham, Ills., July 19, 1890.

[The bees may very easOy be kUled by
chloroform without injuring the honey in
the least, as it evaporates very speedily. —
Ed.]

L,lKlit Crop ot ^Vliite Honey.

The white honey harvest is very light in
this localitj' this season. T. S. Bull.

Valparaiso, Ind., July 19, 1890.

Mo Honey in Cedar Valley.

Our bees wintered well, had plenty of
honey, bred up finely, and at the first of
June gave promise of a crop of honey ;
but, alas, for expectations — the clover and
basswood have gone by, and the bees will
have to be fed, or starve, this winter ;
there is no honey in the Cedar valley.

Thos. Tract.

Nashua, Iowa, July 19, 1890.

Too Ory Weather for Bees.

The bees did fairly well for two or three
weeks, then it turned dry, and now it is
just awfully dry. The late swarms will
surely die it it does not rain soon. We had
as fine a start in white clover as any one
could wish to see, but, alas, it all dried up.
• H. Mansi'erger.

Lewiston. Mo., July 19, 1890.

524

Tum MME;Mic-Mif mmm j©'^ME«ai^.

Pillinsr tlie Sec(ion!« Rapidly.

The bees are filliug the surplus sections
at a very rapid rate. The white clover is
plentiful, and the farmers have sowed lots
of buckwheat, so I look for a large honey-
flow. My bees did their first swarming on
June 35. Good weather favored us about
June 16, and still continues. When it
rained it was in the night, and the bees
have lost no time. H. C. Fakxim.

Aristotle, N. Y., July 18, 1890.

No I^arffe Honey Crop.

The houey flow seems somewhat limited.
There will not be a big crop this year. My
bees swarmed not to exceed one fifth, and
new swarms will not store much surplus.
A. Y. Baldwin.

De Kalb, Ills., July 21, 1890.

Small Crop ot Honey.

The honey crop is not going to be as
large as I expected, and, as far as I can see,
it is so all over the county, on account of
very bad weather the forepart of June, and
a few days of extremely hot weather.

C. ScHLIESMAVEli.

Pasadena, Calif., July 16, 1890.

I>e:i«l Brood.

My bees are in a very poor condition.
The dead brood in the combs is of a yellow-
ish and darker color. When they dry down
at the bottom of the cells, the bees carrj'
them out ; but some do not di-y down to
the bottom — they make a thin scale about
half way down. Occasionally there is one
that is a little stringy. The disease would
sometimes disappear, and in a few weeks it
would re appear. Will some one tell me
what is wrong with them i

Otto F. Semke.

Harrison, Kans., July 23, 1890.

[If it were the so-called foul brood fully
developed, the offensive stench accompany-
ing it would be unmistakable, and the
cappiugs would be sunken, and have a
small hole in them. Phenol is the most
relialile remedy for the early stages of foul
brood. When it is fully developed, fire is
the only tiling to be recommended for the
whole outfit— hives, frames, bees and all.—
E1..I

i%o Honey in Wlilte Clover.

The houe.v season is over in this locality
(Western Pennsylvania), and, like many
others, I have to say that it was a failure.
About one-fourth of a crop of hoaev has
beeusecuredbytho.se who managed their
bees fairly well, and those who are not so
well versed in bee-literature, much less,
and some none at all ; that is, so far as I
have heard, and I have made some inquiry.
This all took place amidst a sea of white
clover, too. I never saw so much white
clover before in my life. The fields were
white in every direction, and j'et no sur-
plus honey I I assign two causes for the
failure— first, there was no bloom until
white clover came, and consequently the
bees made no preparation to swarm "until
then, and it took place in the midst of the
clover bloom ; and, second, there Avas no
honey in the last part of the clover bloom.
We never knew it to fail to secrete honey
before in this locality. I am selling my
honey at 20 cents per pound. I have tested
the bee-escape, and found it a success. I
have invented one with a single bee space

and cones, that works just as well, and, I
think, better. I consider the bee-escape a
very good invention. Osman M'Cauty.
Washington Co., Pa., July 21, 1890.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

NEW YORK. Jul.v 7.— New Southern ex-
tracted is arrivinjJT freely, hut the quiility is
poor, and prices are declining. We quote
from eo@6.") cents per gallon. New extracted
orange blossom honey. 7@7!4 cents. New ex-
tracted California white sage, 6@6!ic. Cali-
fornia light amber, 5i4@5;4c. Beeswax, scarce
and firm at 29@i30c.

HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,

28-30 West Broadway.

KANSAS CITY. July lo.-The receipts of
new comb honey are light, and demand equal
to the receipts. One-pound white comb is sell-
ing at 14{5il5c. Very little demand for ex-
tracted at present. Beeswax, 2.")C.

CLEMONS, MASON & CO..
(Successors to demons, Cloon & Co.)

Cor. -ttli and Walnut Sts.

CHICAGO. July 8.— Market is bare of honey
of all kinds, both comb and extracted. New
comb will bring l.'ic. A little fancy has been
sold at 15c. Extracted from 6(§J8c. Wea.ther
is warm, but there is some demand. Beeswax,
27(a28c. •

R. A. BURNETT, 161 S. Water St.

MILWAUKEE, July 11.— The demand for
houey is good for this season of the year. The
supply of old crop is fair — equal to the de-
mand. We can quote: White 1-lbs.. choice.
i;)(n!l4c; medium white 1-lbs., 12(rii:!c: dark
1-lbs.. good, 10(R)llo; white extrai'ti'd in biii-
rcls and half barrels. 7(^i''7^4c; white extracted
in kegs and tin cans, 7'-2'^i Wc; dark, in barrels
and kegs, 6@6!4c. Beeswax, 28ft yOc.

A. V. BISmiP. 112 W. Water St.

DETROIT, July 8.— No new honey in the
market, and no desirable old is left. It is quo-
ted at 10(5ii:ic. Extracted, 7@8c. Beeswax,
27(g.28c,

M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch. Mich.

KANSAS CITY, June 13.— Market cleaned
uy) on old comb and extracted, and new crop
ot comb arriving. We quote: White 1-lbs.,
15c; dark, ll@12c; white2-lbs.. 12C"13c; dark,
10(g)llc. Extracted, white. (3@7c; dark. 5c.
HAMBLIN & BEAKSS. 514 Walnut St.

BOSTWN. July 2:!.— Fancy 1-lbs.. 16c; 2-lbs.,
15c. Extracted, 8@.9c, Honey sales are %-cry
slow. We have recently received a shipment
from Michigan, of very flue stock, which is an
ample supply for us for the summer.

BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.

CINCINNATI, July 9.— Demand is good for
the new crop of extracted and comb honey.
Judging b.v present arri\:ils, there has been'a
good crop harvested. Extracted brings 5(7>'8c.
Comb honey, 12(5'15c for best white. Beeswax,
in good demand at 24ft 2GC on arrival.

C. F. .MUTH &S0N,

Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

^^y^^^^^iOAiHr-,.^^

A I\ice I'oc'Itet l>ictionary will be

given as a premium for only on*' new
subscriber to this Joiiunal, with $1.00. It
is a splendid little Dictionary — just the
right size for the pocket. Every school boy
and school girl, as well as everybody else,
should own and use it. Price, SS cents.

Itee-KeepinsT tor I'rolit, by Dr.

G. L, Tinker, is a new 50-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted honey, and the construction of
the bive best adapted to it — his "Nonpareil."
The boolc can be had at this office for 25c.

ws

BsESxmm^

AI^FREI) H. IWEWiUA!^,

BnSINESS MANAGER.

rxzzxzzzzxxxzzzxxzzzzzzzxzzzn

itisiuess 3loticc5.

Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should notify us at once.

I[^^ Send us 07ie new subscription, with
81.0(5, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

Ht^" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

It^" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, tey express.

1^" Send us twn new subscriptions, with
$3.00, and we will present you with a
" Globe " Bee-Veil for your trouble. (See
the fuller notice in the advertising col-
umns.)

U^" The date on the wrapper-label of thiS
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

U^'" Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

1^" Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our JouR-
N.tL at $1.85 for the two ; or with both our
Home Journal and Bee Journal for $2.50
for all three papers.

1^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write American Dee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

Hp^" Systematic work in the Apiary wUl
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

'■ 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 25

■' 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

|^~ When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book
by maU, postpaid. , It sells at 50 cents.

t^" A "Binder" made especially for
the Amehuan Bee JouiiNAL, and lettered
in gold, makes a very convenient way of
preserving the copies of the Bee Journal
as fast as they are received. We offer it,
postpaid, for 60 cents ; or as a premium for
two new subscriptions, with .'f2.00. It can-
not be mailed to Canada.

THE^ MMERICM.K BEE JOURNKL.

52G

A i\cw Metli(»(l of Treating llisoase.

HOSPITAL REMEDIES.

What are theyl There is a new departure
in the treatment of disease. It consists iu
the collection of the specifics used by noted
specialists of Europe and America, and
bringing them within the reach of all. For
instance, the b'eatment pursued by special
physicians who treat indigestion, stomach
and liver troubles only, was obtained aud
prepared. The treatment of other physi-
cians, celebrated for curing catarrh, was
procured, and so on till these incomparable
cures now include disease of the lungs,
kidneys, female weakness, rheumatism aud
nervous debility.

This new method of " one remedy for one
disease " must appeal to the common-sense
of all sufferers, many of whom have experi-
enced the ill effects, and thoroughly realize
the absurdity of the claims of Patent
Medicines which are guaranteed to cure
every ill out of a single bottle, and the use
of which, as statistics prove, luis ruined
more stomnchs tlian alcohol. A circular
describing these new remedies is sent free
on receipt of stamp to pay postage, by
Hospital Remedy Company, Toronto, Can-
ada, sole proprietors.

51D26t Imly.

;^ducrti5cmcnts.

QUEENS! QUEENS! QUEENS!

By Return Mail,

As FINE A E.OT as was ever reared, at the
following' low rates— purity and safe
arrival guaranteed :

Tested, each $ 1 .50

Warranted, each 1.<I0

per dozen 9.00

Untested, each 75

per dozen 8.00

Will state that these Queens are all reared
from our best honey-gathering- strains, in full
colonies. We are one of the oldest and largest
breeders in America. Give us a trial order.
Address,

W. W. GARY, - COLERAINE, MASS.

Please Mention the American Bee Jourual.
:ilAtf

Tin Pails for Honey.

'■PHESE Pails have full covers, aud are excellent
i fur seiliriK Honey in the Home Market; and
after the Honey granulates in them, it can be
shipped anywhere with perfect safety. All sizes
have a bail, or handle, and when emptv are useful
in Pvery household.

The engraving shows STRAIGHT
TIN PAILS, ot which there are a. sizes,
liniiiing respectively a, 5 and Hi lbs. of
Honey. Assorted Samples of the :i
^izes will be sent by express for4u cts.
In quantities, the prices are:

Perdoz Per 100

*';fl Ion. ..holds lo lbs f i ko $1200

;-Gallon, holds 5 lbs 150 9 00

"-.^uart, holds 3 lbs . . . 1.20 7.00

The second engraving represents
THK TAPERING TIN PAILS-
inade heavier and stronger than
those with straight sides. The
covers are deeper, and the top-
edge of the Pail is doubled over,
making it smooth and convenient
in handle. Of the Tapering Pails
there are Hve sizes, viz: i-ib!, 4-lb.,
7-lb.. KMb., and 25-Ib. Assorted
Samples ot these will he shipped

by express for 7o cents,
are as follows ;
To hold Mb, .j-IbB.

In quantities, the price**

Mbs.

Perdozen, t .75 — 11.25 * 1.50,

13-Ib3. 25-lbs.

.1 2.00....$ 3,-irt
. 14.50.... 28.00

CANADIAN QUEENS!

«;ivi<: TiiKm .v tui.vl..

I EbcIi. PerTlircc Prr^iDoz,

Italians, Virgin $ .40. ...$1.00.. ..S 1.7")

Untested 1.00 ... 2.7.').... .5.00

Tested 1..50.... :5.7.j.... 7.00

Select Tested, 2.00.... COO.... 10.00
Address, R. F. HOliTRRinAINN,
27A8t ROMNEV, Kent Co., ONT.

♦^Eifiiit h V Kditioii T .lust i riihlislicd ^

Folding Paste-Doard Box

TT HOLDS A SECTION of Comb Houey,
*- preserving it from dust and dirt in a Store,
and the "red-tai^e" handle makes it convenient
for the purchaser to carry it home.

The label shown on the Box, is our '* No. o
Gummed Label," but any of the Gummed
Labels can be put oa them, by the honey-
producer.

THOS. O. NEWMAN A: SON,

24fi Bust .vtadison Street. - CHICAGO, ILL.

We can furnish these Folding Boxes for one-
pound Sections, 4!ix4!4, for $1.00 per 100, or
$8.50 per 1,000, by expres.". The name and
address of the honey-producer will^e printed
on 1,000 or less, for 75 cents extra.

A Job I^ot or Folding Boxes, which will
liold Sections .')X.) inches, or less, will be sold
at only 80 cents per J 00. ORDER BAKLY

to get these, as the supply is limited.

THOM.VS G. NEWMAN di. SON,

■;4li East Madis.in Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

500 CHOICE QUEERS ^iTo'-^^

Untested, 70 cts. each— 3 for $3.00.

SALE— Tested,
3 for $3.00.
- . - - J. Also Bee-
Keepers' Siipitlles, &c. Circular free.
26Atf JNO. NEBEL & SON, High Hill, Mo.
Mention the American Cee Jnuj-nal.

Glass ^ Pails ^ for ^ Honey

rilHEl' are made of the
J- best quality of clear,
flint glass, with a bail and
a met-al top and cover
When tilled with honey,
they are very attractive
in appearance. They can
be used for household
purposes by consumers,
after the honey is removed
—or they can be returned
to and re-flUed by the
apiarist.
Prices are as follows ;

!ro hold 1 pound of honey per dozen $1.60

" 2 pounds ■ '■ .... 2.00
•' 3 •■ ■• " 2.50

THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SdN,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

;\eM :in«l IC«viHe«l Kflilion

BEES "i HONEY,

OR THK

Management of the Apiary

FOR PLEASURE AND PROFIT

THOMAS G? NEWMAN,

Editor oj tite American Bee Journal.

This edition lias been largely re-written,
thoroiig'hiy revised, and is "fuUv np with the
times" in all the iniiiroveincul sand inventions
iu this rapidly-dcvi'Iopi 111.'- 1 >Tirsuit,and presents
the apianst'wilh evL-rything- that can aid in
the suacessful manag-emeut of an apiary, and
at the same time produce the most honey in
an attractive condition. It contains 250
pages and 245 illustrations-^is beautifully
printed in tlie hig:hest style of the art, and
Dound in cloth, gold lettered. Price. $1.00—
postpaid.

LiBERAT, Discount to dealer.s, by thG-dozen
or hundred.

THOMAS G. NEWMAK & SON,
246 East Madison Street. - CHICAGO, ILL,

This new edition of our Bees and
Honey will be given as a Premium for only
tlirce new !mib!«cribers, with .S3. 00;
or clubbed with the this Journal for §1.75.

British. Bee Journal

AND BEE-EEEFESS' ADVISEB,

IS published every week, at 6*. fid. per
annum. It contains the very best practical
Information for the apiarist. It is edited by
Thomas Wm. Cowan, F.G.S., F.R.M.S., etc., and
published by John Huckle, King's Langley,
Herts, Enciand

PATENT WIRED COMB FODNDATION

HAS NO sac; in brooo frames.

THIN FLAT BOTTOM FOUNDATION

HsiM no FiMli.boiie in Siir|ilii»t Houey.

Beinc the cleanest is usually worked
Mie quickest of any Foundation made.

J. VAN nersEN & sons.

Sole Miinufacturers.
Sprout Bro(jk, Montgomery Co., N. Y.

lAtf

Mention the American Dee Journnl.

''PRACTICAL TURKEY RAISING'

By Fannv Field. This book tells all
about turkey raising, from the setting
o'' the eggs to the marurity of the youn^
turks. If you follow the directions in
thm bofik yon need not lo^e a bird.
Fanny Field has had more experierce
;ind Hucccds hpfrr in niising turkeys than any other
per'Knn in America. Sh3 cigars hnndrp^s of dollars
yearly on thrm. and wii, Tell yon how she floes it. Price,
25 cent B. StAmi'stJiVf^n. Ad'irf>'--a

THOITIAS G. NEWinAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street. - CHICAGO, ILLS

Voice of Masonryi Family Magazine.
Three y'-jn>'a Papeiand tvveittv-Iive i Ma^ra-
Eine. Ni:w unexcelled. Contaius'ljue Portraits
and Illustrations, and a great variety of article?,
ptories and p-iems for Freemai?on8 and their fara-
iliee; al^o Kastern Star, Masonic Gleanings and
Editorial 0(*iiartment«i. Price per year, g3.00.
JOHN W. BItOWN, Editor and Pnblisher,
ISi & 184 S. Clark Street, Chicago, IlliDOis.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Tl^VTl'U AND WAHRANTBD ITALIAN
ILiJirjF it»JKEI%s,90 cts. each. Untested
(younjr laying) Italian Queens, BOc each. Can
send by return mail. Address, Otto Kleinow,
No. l.iO Military Ave., Detroit, Mich. 31Alt

Mention the American Bee Jonrnal.

526

Tmm rnvmrnmic^MM mmM jouKSfMi*,,

HONEYJXE

A FOLDING PAPER BOX

FOR

PROTECTING SECTIONS OF HONEY.

For Shippers and Retailers.

All boxes printed with your Business C'ai'd <
front if desired.
Samples and Prices on application.

MUNSON&CO.,

LioAiat

lew Haven, Conn.

Mention the American Dee J(nimal.

PATENTS !

PATENTS, Caveats, and Trade-Marks pro-
cured, Kejected Applications Revived and I
Prosecuted. All business before tbe U. S. :
Patent Office promptly attended to for mod-
erate fees, and no charge made unless Patent
is secured. Sendfor "INVENTOR'S GUIDE." .
FKANKI.IN H. HOUGH,
31Ctf WASHINGTON, D. C.

Mention ths American Bee Journal.

J. FORNCKOOK & CO.,

aiANUFACTURERS OP THE

"BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTIONS,

WILL furnish you, the cominjr aeaBOn. ONK
PIECE SECTIONS, sand-papered on both sides
—as cheap as the cheapest, and better than the best.
t^~ Write for prices.
Watertown, WlB.. Jan. 1, ISUO. ICly

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Barnes' Foot-Power Machinery.

*! . Read whatJ. I. Parent, ol

CHARLTON.N.Y.,Baya— "We
cut with one of your Com-
bined Machines, lust winter
50 chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
loci honey-racks, 5(M) broad
frames, li.oinj honey-boxes
and a ereat deal of other
work. This winter we have
double the amount of bee-
hives, etc.. to make and we
expect todo itwith this Saw.
Itwill do ali you say it will."
Catalogue and Price - J-.i8t

Free. Address. W. F. & JOHN BARNES.

45Ctr No. 19t3 RubySt.. Rockford. 11).

Mention tfie American Bee Journal,

THE "{REVIEW."

SOME OF TDE 'iOIICS If IJAS DlSCf.'-tll'.

"The Pfoduction of Comb Honey,'

wae the special topic r,f tin. April unniber.

•■Houj to Raise Extfaeted Honey,"
was <!isca6«ed iDlliHjMiiy i^---ii.'.

"Comfopts and Convenienees fot<
the .'Vpiary," were named aud descrilitMl in .Tone.

" Ffom the Hive to the Honey
Market,' w:,^ tlip topic of th'^ .July issue.

" IVlanketing," Will be the Special
topic of thf^ Aiicust uuinljiT.

The "Revietu" is Published
monthly, at .'iO fts. a year. Bend for sHinides
(freej ami see if you ran atfi)r<l to he without it.

Addt^ess Bee-Keepers' RevieuJ,
w z HurcH^tiSON. fj i Prop Flint, Mich.

"^SCtr Mention the A merican Bet Journal

ELECTS1C1TT.H0ME TREATMENT

' ALL PHYSICIANS AGREE '^liTii^^tid^^ii^S^S.^o^-'f'k

• imld ElecLiical current will euse the whole body. y:iving that sweet sleep to tl e
; uell and tired, a.^ to the invalid suffering froui I. luud and chrome disea e ai d
I who find night their woPMt time to rent. KLtOTliItir\ vill uielyre
: lieveand in thousands of cases permanently cur>^' any ot the luUowmg-u j. es

• Paralysis. Sciatica. Nervousness. Neuralgia, Catarrh, L 'SS of Voice, Abth uj,
■ Malaria, Dyspepsia, Liver Complaint, Constipation, Rheumatism, Diseases ot
; the Kidneys, Fenialw Complaiuls, Kemiiial Wealcness, Impotence, Vai ocele
. Hydrocele, Exhausiel ViUility, resulcin;? from iK'nonince. overtaxation, uuht-
^ ting the victim for work. Iju-iness, or the social and otner reluLious
' ..f mankind. The Battery is aJways leudy, a^-d can be used. uC a
I moment's notice.

I By ail means use the WILLIAMS' DIAL or PERFECTION BATTERY
f The IHal Buttery ispiiL'losfdinal.eaiitiniliy ii')li!;hedmahoKi'i'> I'm
b islied iiox.Cin. hiph.SdeepandSwide. All the iiitei lor partsareuK-kel
i> plated and tinisheu in the very best style. It gives five different eui
f rents. The strength is regulated by the Pfal; this shows the quai)tit>
E ot electricity you tuJce. The Battery c.innot get out of order, and it.
C is inipossilde to cause injury in any way. The regular price of lii
f Dial Battery is Twelve Dollars t^ia. 00 n tnit to introduce it. we wiii
j; for the next 90 d ivl;, fill orders for tliis sr>l''ii(iid machine at Lh

niholeKnle prifc, ijiit-lMt.
OUR PI liFFX'TION BATTETJT.

standing: 6 inches high. 512 deep by 51 2

wide, isa marvel in beauty and hnish.and

thnroughly reliable. It pives five difFer-

ent currents. Price, Five Pollars(6'5.0<H.
_ t>ui' Batteries are securely b'lxed ami
i shipped to any part of the country, on
> receipt of price. We send C. O. D. on re-

Ireipt of One Dollnr. »>ubjeet to full examination ut FxprosB Office by y»ur'
it'aniily phyHleInn, if jou so desire. S'-nd ni>riev bv reci-'ir.-red letter po^t office

"order, or bank draft. UNITED STATES BATTERY AGENCY, a

1*7 A iry Alontngue street, Brooklvn, N. T.ij

':^"CIRCULARS, GIVING FULL (NSTRUCTtONS, SENT ON APPLICftT10N.j|

M'^f

Mention U A mnicnti Bff Jiyan>AA.,..

FOR TRUE-BLOOD CARNIOLANS

SK12 our AilvertiseiniMit in .Inly .'>th Num-
ber of this Paper~iiii^;(> 4ii';.

J. B. M.4SON A; SWNS,

.•llAtf MECHANIC FALLS. ME.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

DAVIS' PATENT HONEY CARRIAGE

Revolviny Coiiib Handier,

Tool Box and Recording Desk, Combined.

Price, roinpli te, #18.00.

CIRCULAR Saw, lion Fi-ame. Steel Shal'ls.
and Arbor'.s Macbiiiu-Cut Gears. lion
Center-part in top. Semi for Circular jind
Price-List. J. M. MAKSTON Ar CO..

•21C13t 75 Leno.x Street, BOSTON, MASS.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

■U6 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILLS

Mention thcAmcrlcitn Dee Journal.

READERS

HEAD-QUARTERSINTHE SOUTH,

FACTOIiY OF

BEE HIVES, &;C.

Early Nuclei A: Italian Queens.

^F" Tenth annual CataloRue now ready.
SCtf PAUI.I.. VIAI,l,0»r. BayouQoula. La.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

or tills Journal wbo
Avrlte to any of our
advertisers, citlier lu
ordering, or asking about tlie Goods
offered, will please state tliat tliey saw
the Advertisement In tills i>aper.

OOLDEJI:

'r.\l.liN ULEEN-* BY

HETt'HN MAIL. See last
week's .Journal for prices.
AiUlress,
F. WOOD, North Piescott, Mass.

■,'»Dtf JAS,

Mention thcAmericiin Bee Journal.

EstablUlied 1878.

SMITH & SMITH,

Wholesale and Retail Man-
ufacturers of

Bee-Keepers' Supplies,

KEIVTOIV, OHIO.

Price L,l^t Free. 3Dly

Mention the American Bee Journal.

fcAJfcA^A<«.A^A^AJ

531

BPITOH.

Mim AflE. 9, 1890, No, 32.

Reports from western Kansas state
tbat the hot winds of the last few days
have so burned up the corn that some fields
will not yield a single ear. We do not know
how that may be, but the "hot wave" has
ruined the honey crop in places too numer-
ous to mention.

We have received a copy of the
memorial ceretuonies at the funeral of Mr
Hiram Chapman, at Versailles, N. Y. It
contains ten superbly printed pages, and a
cover, and is well worth preserving by his
many friends. The address of the Hon.
Norman M. Allen, of Dayton, N. Y., at the
grave, is an eloquent tribute to the mem-
ory of the deceased.

Won can Xell the day and about the
hour when to expect the swarms, and can
tell about eight days previous to their
swarming by the construction of queen-
cells. If cells are just started you can, if
nothing happens, look for the swarm In
eight days. If the cells are full size, and
being sealed over, the swarm is due, and
if the weather is fair, they will likely issue.
— Excluinge.

Ants in the jli>iary are very an-
noying, and hence we are frequently re-
quested to give some method by which
they may be exterminated. The following
from the Scientijie American seems to be
highly recommended :

Buy one-half pound or more of corrosive
sublimate, powder it very fine, and strew
the same sparingly on the ground, also in
the crevices, nests, and trails of the ants,
and I guarantee the ants will leave your
lawn and premises as quick as they have
come. Corrosive sublimate is a deadly
poison, and should be handled with care.

IMore I>i«-M iiboiit Coni1> Honey.

— The followiu;^ letter and item will show
what is still going the rounds of the press :

Kixci^TON, Out., July 29, 1890.
I send you an item cut from the ^mufcu?'
Sport.sma?i, published at 6 College Place,
New York. Is there no way to stop such
lies being published 1 C. H. Coiibett.

Here is the item referred to in the above
letter :

Artificial honey, which is more common
in the market than customers know, is
made of potato starch and oil of vitriol.
Some rash optimists think that they are
sure of getting the genuine product of bees
and flowers by purchasing honey in the
comb. They do not know that the exquisite
white comb that pleases them is often
made of paraffine wax. — Herald of Health.

Impatiently, Mr. Corbett asks, "Is there
no way to stop such lies from being pub-
lished ?" That is the question ! At present
we see no way to stop publishers from
giving their readers. such "potions " of lies
if they desire to do so. They are after the
sensation that will bring in the dollar, and
continually do they publish what they cer-
tainly ought to know is nothing but fabri-
cation— all becau.se it pays to do so !

An " Amateur " may be excused, but the
" Sportsman " is surely " making sport " of
the matter, or should know better than to
publish such bare faced falsehoods. The idea
of artificial honey being made of "potato
starch and oil of vitriol," and the combs of
"paraffine !" A nice mess, truly !

Just think of it — this infamous death-
dealing compound is credited to the Herald
of Health!

All this is but a distorted re-statement of
the Wiley lie, which the author allowed to
be repeated for seven years without one
word from him to counteract its baneful
influence, when he. knew that it was a false-
hood from beginning to end, without the
sMghtest foundation to rest upon !

His silence gave color to the story, and
allowed others to paint it red, and flaunt it
in the face of the world ! The greatest lie
of the age has been told and retold in every
land under the sun ; and it has been told so
often that thousands now believe it !

In vain is it that the Professor, in sheer
desperation, admitted its untruthfulness
some two years ago ! He allowed it to run
until the scandal-mongers got hold of it,
and now he is powerless to prevent them
from " rolling it under their tongues as a
sweet morsel," and ever and anon repeat-
ing it to the wonder and amazement of the
unsophisticated.

They spice it with "potato starch" and
"oil of vitriol," "just for the fun" of see-
ing those not posted " swallow it at one
gulp," and bung their eyes out with won-
der and amazement ! This age has a won-
derful development for scandal !

The people like to be humbugged— and
they are accommodated very readily !

How dull it would have been without
Prof. Wiley and his magnificent comb
honey "lie !"

Xlie 4»r<l<-r of the lloni-y-ltee.—

This order was established in the year
1703, by Louise of Sceaux, Duchess of
Maine. The medal of the Order consisted
of gold 14 grains and 63 centigrams, and
has the image of the founder of the order,
with the inscription L. R. D. S. G. D. P. D.
L. O. D. L. M. A. M. ; Louise of Sceaux as
continuous head of the Order, on one side,
and on the other a returning bee to her
hive, with the inscription, Plcola sirnafa
rjravileferite, i.e., "Small, but able to
strike deep wounds ;" representing the
small stature of the Duchess.

The oath which the members of the
Order were to take, was as follows; "I
swear by the honey of Mount Hymettus, to
be true and faithful to the founder of this
Order, and to wear the medal during my
natural life ; and should I ever break my
oath, then may the honey be turned into
gall, wax into tallow, the honey-flower
into thistle, and bees and hornets may
destroy my life with their stings." — Trans-
lated from tlie Oerman by Rev. S. Roese.

Mr. tiS. W. Memaree, of Christians-
burg, Ky., has this to say in a communica-
tion dated Aug. 3,' 1890, concerning his
honey crop, and in reference to an error
made by the printer in his reply to Query
721, on page 517 :

" I have secured over an average crop of
honey from white clover. Owing to irregu-
lar weather, the yield of comb honey has
not been in the usual proportion to the
clear article. I was taken with Sciatic
rheumatism right in the best of the honey-
flow, and lost heavily for want of skilled
help. I am still suffering severely with
Sciatic pains.

In my answer to Query No. 721, the
third line from the bottom, the word "not"
is omitted ; the reading should be — "did
not lay eggs until the following spring, etc.

A Xea-Spoontiil of warm honey ta-
ken every 15, 20 or 30 minutes, has a sur-
prising effect on catarrh. Every family
should have some pure honey in the house
in order at once, after catching cold, to be
able to use it.

Frank Coverdale's article, publish-
ed on page 520, was written on July 14.
He dated it June, by mistake. This cor-
rection is make because it states that the
honey harvest for white clover was over,
etc. Such a remark will "fit" better in
July than in June.

Xlie Censins Illustrated sounds
rather startling, but that is just what this
week's " Frank Leslie's Illustrated News-
paper" does. It is the work of F. W.
Hewes, whose studies have received in-
dorsement both at home and abroad. This
chart tells graphically at a glance what
one could not learn from a mere array of
figures in many hours. The themes of the
pictures are as varied and as interesting in
this issue as usual.

532

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Detroit Fair and Expositiou.

AmoDg Western enterprises of large note
and importance this year, in wliich many
readers will And departments of direct
interest to tlieir business, is the Detroit
International Fair and Exposition, to be
held in Detroit, Mich., Aug. 26 to Sept. 6
inclusive. The grounds of this Exposition
are the finest, and its buildings the largest
and handsomest of any Fair or Exposition
in the world. It offers the largest and most
costly list of cash premiums ever given on
this continent. This great Fair is conti-
nental in its scope, and embraces exhibits
from all over the United States and
Canada. It was the largest and most suc-
cessful exhibition on this continent last
year, and it promises to be still larger and
better this year. The attendance last year

feet, and all the buildings are lighted with
electricity, so that every animal or stall
may be attended at night as freely as by
day. The facilities tor parading and dis-
playing stock upon the grounds, as well as
in the stables, are imsurpassed.

Nor will the useful only be amply pro-
vided for, for every variety of spectacle
and sport, music and art, will furnish
charming pleasures for the multitudes.

The best music in America will be fur-
nished in daily and nightly concerts by
Cappa's renowned Seventh Regiment New
York Baud, with forty eminent soloists.

The magnificent Art Hall will be filled
with 300 of the choicest American and Eu-
ropean paintings, statuary and other fine
art works.

The Apiary Department should have the
very finest displaj^ ever seen in America.
The most noted bee-keepers of Canada and
the United States are invited to compete,
not only with their choicest colonies, but

^#t ^- ^i^^^'^^- r-3m^J: ..^.1%%^^

International Fair and Exposition, Detroit, Mich.

numbered hundreds of thousands of people
from all parts of the United States and
Canada, and is confidently expected to be
greatly increased this year.

Not only are there to be first-class ex-
hibits from individuals and firms from all
the States in the Union, and from Canada
and Mexico, but the great transcontinental
lines of railway from the Atlantic to the
Pacific, and from Canada to the Gulf and
City of Mexico, will collect and aggiegate
for exhibition, agricultural, mineral and
other rich products along their lines, and
the vast buildings and grounds of the
Exposition will be crowded with a gi-and
display of the animal, vegetable, mineral
and industrial wealth and prosperity of the
whole American continent. All the latest
inventions and the grand triumphs of in-
ventions and mechanics will also be pro-
fusely displayed.

There are stables for all kinds of stock,
which cover acres of ground, those for
each class of horses, cattle, sheep, swine,
poultry, etc., being built in an immense
hollow square, leaving a large open areua
in the centre for exercise and display.
There are water troughs, with facilities for
cleaning as well as drinking, every 300

also with the finest honey and wax in all
shapes, hives, combs, implements, and
everything pertaining to the business, for
which the largest cash premiums are
ottered.

We call special attention to the following
letter from Mr. H. D. Cutting, Superin-
tendent of the Bee and Honey Department
of the Detroit Fair Exposition :

I would like to call the attention of all
bee-keepers to this fact : It being an ex-
tra poor season for honey, an extra ex-
ertion must be made to secure a good
attendance of exhibitors.

The Exposition Company have granted
everything we have asked for — given us an
extra space to show our products, the
largest premium list ever offered in this
country for this Department, also an expert
judge with a " world-wide reputation." If
we do not make a good exhibit, and fill the
space allotted to us, next year the list will
be reduced. They have been very liberal
with us, with the expectation that we are
to make a large, fine, and attractive
exhibit.

Now, fellow beekeepers, do not let this
be a failure, but show the people that in
the face of a crop failure we can, and will,
sustain the good reputation already formed,
and make this a fine and attractive exhibit.
If you do find it impossible to be present,
and have anything pertaining to this
Department that you wish placed on

exhibition, you can send it by express,
charges prepaid, to H. D. Cutting, Superin-
tendent of the Bee and Honey Department,
Detroit, Mich. It will be delivered to me
in the building, when it will receive good
care, and be placed on exhibition. Also
send me instructions what to do with
articles at the close of the exhibit.

Mr. Hutchinson, of the Review, has sug-
gested that all bee-keepers intending to
visit the Exposition, meet "just after the
judging" on the first week, and visit the
Exposition in a body. You will be received
by a committee at the bee-keepers' head-
quarters, and shown over the buildings and
grounds, taking in all objects of interest.
Please be with us as visitors, if you cannot
come as exhibitors. H. D. Cutting.

We desire to urge the bee-keepers of the
surrounding country to make a creditable
exhibit at Detroit. We know that it will
be the more difficult because of the poor
crop of honey, but there should be all the
more anxiety to show what can be done
even in a poor season.

Eee-Keepers' Day is to be on Friday,
Aug. 29, and will be, no doubt, an interest-
ing time for all. Let there be a general
rally.

Skunks in tlie Apiary. — On page
380, is a query about skunks molesting
bees, and there being but little experience
with these unsavory animals, as to their
propensity to attack bees, the following
additional testimony by Annie C. Webster,
in a recent issue of Farm Li/c,may interest
thepropounder of the question referred to,
if not others engaged in the pursuit :

Skunks are quite frequent visitors to
bee-hives that are low down, and they
quickly depopulate a colony. Like many
other wood animals they have an insatia-
ble thirst for honey, and in order to satisfy
their cravings they will run the risk of
losing their lives. In the woods they will
frequently scent out a nest of bees, in the
hollow trunks of trees, and make a raid
upon it.

It is impossible for them to get into a
good stout bee-hive, and they adopt other
means of satisfying their hunger. In the
night time they will scratch on the outside
of the hive until the bees are attracted by
the noise, and emerge from the small door-
way. The skunks will catch them as they
come out, and eat them. They never touch
the drones, or the bees that do not have
honey in their sacs. Their object is to get
the honey, and they eat the bees as the
only way of securing the coveted sweets.

These are disagreeable visitors in the
spring and summer of the year, and colo-
nies will be completely demoralized, or
depopulated in a few nights if the animals
are not kept away. If the hives are placed
high up from the ground, no danger may
be expected from skunks ; but if they are
situated close down to the earth it will be
necessary to set traps for the animals.
Nothing is better for this than the common
steel trap. These traps should be set, on
the first signs of skunks in the neighbor-
hood, for a great deal of worry and damage
might be saved thereby.

Quick Work. — I received the Globe
Bee-Veil to day, and I am well pleased with
it. I am also very much pleased with the
quick delivery of goods. I received them
in two days and a half after the money
was sent. — Bert Viager, Moline, Ills.

-rH® mTmrnRiGRu mmm j&wmmmit.

5:^3

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%

ExpaiHiing or Contracting to
diet the most Honey.

Written for the American Bee Journal

Query 728.— What is the best method to
get the greatest amount of surplus honey —
to expand or contract the brood-chamber 1
— New York.

If in the comb, contract. I£ extracted,
expand.— M. Mauin.

Expand before the honey harvest, and
contract when it arrives. — G. M. Doolit-

TLE.

Contraction is the popular thing, but I
have some doubts. — C. C. Miller.

■For comb honey, contraction usually is
the better method, and 1 prefer it in ex-
tracted honey also. — J. M. Shuck.

1 cannot say "what is (/ic best method."
I just let the brood-chamber alone, if in
good condition. — H. D. Cutting.

To expand to secure the production of
the bees to gather the honey, and to con-
tract during the honey-flow. — R. L. Taylor.

All depends upon the season, time, con-
diiiou of the bees, and the bee-keeper.
Contraction, wisely practiced is, without
doubt, very helpful. — A. J. Cook.

For securing "the greatest amount" of
extracted honey, have a large brood-nest
so as to have lots of bees to gather the
honey when the flow comes.— A. B. Mason.

To contract, of course ; but you have to
feed the bees, which, having decreased in
numbers, are not fit for a good wintering. —
Dauant & Son.

Contract, of course. Expanding would
spoil " the whole business," as it would
give the bees a fine chance to fill the spaces
with comb at once. — J. E. Pond.

When I work for comb l^oney, I do not
want the brood-chamber too large — 8 or 9
frames are sufficient ; but when for ex-
tracted honey, I want it extended on the
Adair plan. — J P. H. Brown.

I expand to the capacity of the queen's
fertility, in the brood chamber, and give
surplus room sufficient to accommodate
the surplus bees. — J. M. Hambauoh.

Probably by contracting the brood-cham-
ber at the right time, a larger amount of
comb honey can be secured ; but I doubt,
taking one season with another, whether it
pays for the trouble. — Mrs. L. Harrison.

This is a question I have tried to solve for
some time. It should have been stated if
extracted or comb honey is desired, as the
management is entirely different. — C. H.

DlliBERN.

This matter is fully discussed in my new
book, and is one of the topics of the times.
In producing comb honey the proper use
of the wood zinc queen-excluder is as yet
known to few bee-keepers, comparatively.
— G. L. Tinker.

You do not say whether comb or ex-
tracted honey. I suppose that somewhat
different methods might be employed, ac-
cording to the kind you are after. I sup-
pose, also, that different methods might be
profitably employed at different seasons of
the year, in working for either. — Eugene
Secor.

I do neither. I want a standard-sized
brood-chamber full of brood and honey. If
I had to do either, I should " expand," as

that plan will lessi-n the desire to swarm.
I have tried contraction in several cases
this season, and in every case but one the
bees have swarmed in a week or ten days —
I mean my swarms treated in this way
have swarmed again. — G. W. Demaree.

Both. The brood-chamber should be at
its maximum size at that time of the year
when rearing bees that are to be workers
right in the lioney harvest ; after that time,
when the honey iiiirvest is on, contraction
is very valuable —James Heddon.

The question is indefinite. When bees
are being reared to gather the " surplus "
as it comes, to "exjjand " the brood-cham-
ber is the proper "method." When the
honey-flow comes, and it is to be secured in
sections, "contract" the brood-chamber,
so as to compel the bees to store the sur-
plus above it. A judicious method would
therefore require both expansion and con-
traction.— The Editor.

The Weight of Sections Avhen
Selling Honey.

Written for the American Bee Journal

Query 7S3. — Should any allowance be
made for the weight of sections, when
weighing and selling comb honey? — B. E. E.

No.— Eugene Secor. .

No. — C. H. DlBBERN.

No.— H. D. Cutting.

No. — Mrs. L. Harrison.

No. — Dadant & Son.

No, never. — James Heddon.

Not unless they are extra heavy. — M.
Mahin.

No ; they should be considered a part of
the package.— J. M. Shuck.

It is not the general custom. — C. C.
Miller.

No, the sections go as honey. — R. L.
Taylor.

That depends upon how well they are
filled.— J. M. Hambaugh.

In our local markets here, the filled sec-
tions are sold by the piece, and not by
weight.— J. P. H. Brown.

NO ; no more than for the packages you
buy groceries in.— A. B. Mason.

No, not if made of the light material
mostly in use. — G. L. Tinker.

It is not the rule here, and I do not think
that our light basswood and poplar sections
should be classed as tare when selling
honey. — G. M. Doolittle.

The weight of sections is a mere trifle,
and in my judgment should not be allowed
for, as they make a pretty and convenient
case in which to carry the honey, and as
such are worth more than their weight. —
J. E. Pond.

I think not. The section weighs very
little — it is an indefinite quantity, and the
price of honey is so low that I am sure we
need lose no sleep if we sell with the sec-
tions thrown in. I think that no purchaser
will ever speak of it. — A. J. Cook.

This is a matter for the "trade " to gov-
ern. If a person sells by the "pound," the
gross should be deducted, and the honey
should be sold by the pound, exclusive of
the wood. In other words, if a customer
orders 100 pounds of honey in " one pound
sections," he is entitled to 100 pounds of
honey exclusive of the boxes. But if he
buys the sections at so much a piece, the
deal is fair. You can easily see that if all

the sections are to be called a " pound,"
what an inducement there is for light
weights. — G. W. Demaree.

No ; surely not. The very little weight
of wood is less than % of an ounce, and is
as necessary to the protection of the honey
while being' transported by the consumer,
as the paper around a package of groceries.
Any one wlio wcmld pick at the weight of
the ordinary section on a pound of honey,
must be a very small specimen of humanity.
— The Editor.

Cl.lJUUIilICi I.ISX.

■^Ve <JIiiI> the Ariierlcan Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the li AST"
column. The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order tor another paper or book :

Price of both. Club.
The American Bee Journal $1 00

and Gleanings in Bee-Culture 2 00 175

Bee-Keepers' Guide 150. .. 140

Bee-Keepers' Review 150 140

TheApicultui-lst 175.... 165

Bee-Keepers' Advance 150 — 140

Canadian Bee Journal 2 00 ... 180

The 7 above-named papers 5 25 — 5 00

and Langstroth KevisediDadant) 3 00 — 2 75
Cook's Manual (1887 edition) 225..,. 2 00
Quinby's New Bee-Keeping. 2 50 — 2 25
Doolittle on Queen-Rearing. 2 00 — 175

Bees and Houev (Newman).. 2 00 175

Binder for Am. Bee Journal. 160 150

Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth). 300.... 2 00
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25.... 2 10

Farmer's Account Book 4 00 3 30

Western World Guide 1 50 1 30

Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150 — 140

A Year Among the Bees 1 50 1 35

Convention Hand-Book 150. .. 130

Weekly Inter-Ocean 2 00.... 175

Toronto Globe (weekly) 2 00.... 170

History of National Society. 150 125

American Poultrv Journal.. 2 25 — 150
The Lever (Temperance) 2 00 — 1 75

Do not send to us for sample copies
of any other papers. Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.

Olobe Bee -Veils. — Here are two

letters received— just as the forms are
closing, and are about like scores of others,
showing bow the Globe Veils suit those
who have them. Not one objection has
ever yet been received :

Send me two more Globe Bee-Veils for
my neighbors. I like mine very much. —
J. B. DuNLAP, Rochester, Ind., July 17,
1890.

The two Globe Bee-Veils came by return
mail. Thanks for promptness. I find them
just as neat and clean as new (the soiling
is so slight). They are indeed sure protec-
tion against bee-stings, mosquitoes, etc. —
John Hagek, Jr., Arabi, La., July 16,1 890.

I»osters for the American Bee Journal,
printed in two colors, will be sent free to
all who can use them. They are handsome,
and will " set off " an exhibit at Fairs. It
will tell bee-keepers how to subscribe, for
"Subscriptions Received Here" is quite
prominent at the bottom.

We will also send sample copies of the
Bee Journal, for use at Fairs, if notified a
week or ten days in advance where to send
them.

534

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!l.A.O,A.^^A^.^A.^AJ

LARVAL FOOD.

A Consiidcratioii of the Food of
Larval Bees.

Address at the British Bee-Keepers' Association
Br MB. THOS. WM. COWAN.

In April, 1887, I brought before
your notice a worlvof some importance
inasmuch as it was one that was about
to clear up a rather difficult problem,
that had caused a good deal of con-
troversy. The work I allude to was
that of Dr. A. de Planta, which gave
the results of his chemical investiga-
tions into the nature of larval food.
To fully appreciate the value of these
reseai'ches, it would be as well if I
gave you, as briefly as possible, the
history connected with the subject. It
has been general!}' the accepted idea
that the food given to the larvje was
partly digested in the chyle stomach.
This was the theory of Dufour, and
was even mentioned by Swammerdam
before.

Leuckart also held this view at first,
but when the glauds were discovered
he thought he was not quite satisfied
with the semi-digestive theor}', and
suggested that the larvre were fed with
a secretion from the diflerent glands.

In the honey-bee there are four
pairs of glands : two pairs in the upper
part of the head, and called systems 1
and 2 ; one pair in the thorax called
system 3 ; and one pair in connection
with the jaws, called system 4. These
glands have been described by diS'er-
■ ent observers, but it was Schiemenz
who, in 1883, published the most com-
plete work on the subject. Schiemenz
was a pupil of Leuckart, and was re-
quested by him to investigate tlie
glands of bees, especiallj- with respect
to their being the produ(!ers of brood
food. The work as far as regards the
description of the glands is most ac-
curate, and shows an immense amount
of energy and perseverance, for I must
tell yoti that investigating such deli-
cate organs as the glands of bees re-
quires considerable patience and ma-
nipulative skill.

Although this part of the work is
accurate, when he comes to treat of
the functions performed by these
glands he seems to have gone quite
astray, and I believe it is because he
started upon the work with the pre-
conceived idea that these glands
actually produced the brood food, as
Leuckart had suggested. But he is
not the only one, for others who have
copied Schiemenz and Leuckart have
fallen into the same error.

Then Leuckart discovered, in 1855,
that the worker larvs3 were fed with
one kind of food the first three days of
their existence, and stated that after
tliat they were fed on pollen and
honey, or, in other words, that they
were weaned after the third day.
Larvos intended for queens were, on
the other hand, provided with an
abundance of the same rich food dur-
ing the whole of this larval existence.
Drone larvre were supposed to be
weaned in the same way as worker
larvfe. This theory was to a certain
extent supported by the analysis by
Schlossberger of the larval food, but
he having food given to him from the
diiferent cells all mixed, and suppos-
ing it to be the same throughout, ana-
lyzed it in one mass, consequently his
analysis was of no practical value
whatever.

On the other hand, there was another
school of thought headed by Dufonr.
Those belonging to this school tliouglit
that the food of the larvae was partially
digested by the nurse-bees, aud that
these bees are the young bees in the
hive. It was for a long time difficult
to understand how this was done, but
Schonfeld took up the matter, and
from 1854 was at work at it, making
investigations and experiments without
number. His investigations have been
described in the Bienen-Zeitung from
the years 1854 to 1883.

From practical experiments he found
that if he mixed indigestible substances
in the syrup on which bees were fed,
that these substances reappeared in
the larval food, even within six hours,
showing that this food could be noth-
ing but chyle, and not a secretion ; for
if it were a secretion, as these indiges-
tible substances were not able to pass
through the walls of the stomach, they
could not have appeared in a glandu-
lar secretion, and thej' would not have
been found in the larval food. Tlieir
jiresenee in tlie food conKrmed Dnfour's
theory, and completely upset that of
Leuckart and his school.

Schonfeld did more — he demon-
strated how the food was ejected into
the cells. The honey-stomach is a
globular sac with the oesophagus at
one end, and an opening to the chyle
stomach at the other end. This open-
ing has a valve called bj' Burnieister
stomach-mouth (or mngenmund), and
schonfeld showed that by means of this
mouth the 1>ee is able to take honey
and pollen when it requires it, or wlien
it is closed can force the honey through
the oesophagus into the cells.

Below this stomach-mouth is a neck
and an infolding of the upper part of
the chyle stomach. This, Schiemenz
supposed was a valve, but Schonfeld
has shf)wn that it has quite another
use, and is actually brought into play

when ejecting brood food. When
honey is l)eing forced ont.the stomach-
mouth is closed, and the muscular
pressure on the walls of the honey-sac
causes the honey to pass through the
cesophagus. On the other hand, when
brood food has to be ejected the
stomach-mouth is open, and it is
brought up to the opening of the
ossophagus, so that the chyle stomach
communicated directly with this, and
the food passes into the cesophagus
without passing through the honey-
sac. In such a case the neck folding
into the chyle stomach is drawn out,
and the infolding takes place in the
honey-stomach.

It is very natural to suppose that
these investigations caused a good deal
of controversj', and there remained
only one thing to be dcjne, and that
was a chemical analysis of the food of
the larva3 in various stages. This work
was untiertaken by Dr. de Planta, who
was not at all satisfied with Schloss-
bcrger's analysis. He has been at
work for several years in tiying to set-
tle the question, and has had consid-
erable difficulty in carrying out his in-
vestigations. It was not an ea.sy mat-
ter to obtain the large quantities of
food he required, and keep a careful
account of the food at different days
of development of the larvos.

You may form some idea of the
magnitude of the work when I remind
you that I stated in 1887 that he had
to operate on VIM queen-cells, 4,000
drone-cells, and 10,000 worker-cells.
Since then he has been carrying on
his experiments, and has operated on
4.000 more worker-cells, because his
results being so difl'crentto what larval
food was supposed to be by Leuckart,
he determined ta continue his experi-
ments. Leuckart stated that the larvas
were weaned by having pollen and
honey added to their food after the
third day, but Dr. Planta failed en-
tirely to find any pollen in the food of
worker larvse, and in repeating his
experiments he confirmed his previous
ones in this respect.

Now his analysis shows that the dif-
ferent larval foods vary in the follow-
ing proportions :

QnBEN. Percent.

Albumen 4.?. 14

Fat 13.5.5

Sugar aO 39

DRONES.
trnder4 (iays. Over4day8. Averafje.

Albumen 5.^.91 31.67 43.79

Fat 11.90 4.74 S.32

Sugar 9.57 38.49 24.03

WOKKERS.

Under 4 days. Over 4 days. Average.

Albumen 53.38 27.87 40,62

Fat 8.38 3.69 6.03

Sugar 18.09 44.93 31.51

This table shows the great variation
of the food, not only in the different
bees, but also at different stages of

TTM® m^mmmicmn mmm j©i3;i«N»iL.

535

their larval existence. The drone
larva; receive a considerable addition
of undigested pollen in the second
period, whereas the queen and worker
larvaj h-vve none but what is digested
in the cliyle stomach. Both drone and
worker larva; have a large addition of
honey to their food in the second
period, whereas the queen larva has
no difl'erence made in her food. The
food is produced in the chyle stomach
from honey and pollen consumed.

In a letter to me from Dr. dePlanta,
asking for some explanations, he says
that two things must first be separated
— (1) pollen as found in nature, and
which is easily detected by the micro-
scope ; and (2) pollen which has been
digested in the stomach, as with us
meat, cheese, etc. In this last form,
invisible yet present, it forms with
honey the food of the queen larvfe, and
that of the first period of the drone
and worker larvse. The worker larva;
get a larger proportion of albumen
than even the queen, and Dr. Planta
considers it is because of the small
size of the cells, and the small quantity
of food administered to them by the
nurses necessitating a more nourish-
ing form of food for their development.
The drones are therefoi-e weaned from
the fourth day, by the addition of nat-
ural pollen in an undigested state.
The worker larviB are also weaned,
but in a diflerent manner, for instead
of having undigested pollen given
them thej' continue to be fed on
digested food, with the addition of
honey oulj'.

Under the microscope at no stage of
development of the queen or worker
larvse was any free pollen found, nor
any skins. Dr. Planta repeated the
experiment over and over again with
the same result, and those who have
stated that worker larva; are weaned
by having undigested pollen added to
their food in the second period of their
existence have erred, or have repeated
Leuckart's error.

Very different is it with the drone
larviB. After the fourth da}% a large
amount of pollen in an undigested
state was found. Prof. Kramer made
several microscopical examinations,
and found in one milligramme of
larval food, occupying a surface of
1,440 mm. square, the immense num-
ber of 15,000 pollen-grains. Besides
this it will be seen from the table that
a considerable quantity of sugar in the
shape of honey is added to the food.
Dr. Planta considers this method of
feeding the drone larvoe as a saving
of time to the workers. The first four
days they feed them liberally on rich
food, to rapidly develop the larvas, and
then, when they are strong enough,
they give them pollen and allow them
to digest this themselves, and reduce

the quantity of digested food they give
them. It is easy to understand the
saving of time to the bees by bearing
in mind the large quantity of pollen
found in the food.

Dr. Planta is the first who has made
a separate analysis of the food on dif-
ferent days, and of the diflerent bees,
and he is also the first who has liy his
experiments corroborated Schonfeld's
opinions.

It is easy to understand how former
observers have gone wrong ; if all the
food taken from worker and drone
cells over four days is mixed up, of
course pollen will be found, and this
misled Leuckart and those who have
followed him.

These experiments of Dr. Planta
show that the food of the larva; is a
digested food, and fully corroborate
Schonfeld's theories — that the bees
also are able, and do vary it in various
proportions, whereas, if it were a
secretion onlj', as claimed by Schie-
menz, it could not vary to such an ex-
tent. I do not wish you to understand
that the glands take no part in the
feeding, for Schonfeld, Holz, and
others, admit that secretions may be
added to the food ; but what I want to
impress upon you is, that they do not
form the actual mass of the brood
food, as taught by Schiemenz and his
school.

The subject may not be interesting
to every one, but these experiments
have a practical bearing on bee-keep-
ing, more especially on queen-rearing.
Leuckart found that the first traces of
the ovaries appeared in the larva after
the third day of its leaving the egg,
and this is just the period at which the
change of food takes place. In the
larva intended for a queen, the rich
food is continued abundantl}' to the
last, and this has the efl'ect of fully
developing the ovaries. On the con-
trar)', the change of food in the worker
larva stops this development. If, there-
fore, we want good queens, we must
see that we rear them from larvte that
have been abundantly fed on the rich
nitrogenous food from the commence-
ment of their existence.

There are other aspects of the ques-
tion, but I have not the time to enter
into them ; I think I have said enough
to make you see the value of this work.
The question of brood food, I think, is
now definitely settled, and we may
take it for granted that it is produced
in the cliyle stomach, and ejected bj'
the mechanism I have described.

The delivery of the foregoing ad-
dress by Mr. Cowan, was followed by
this interesting discussion of the sub-
ject under consideration :

Mr. Grimshaw said he felt sure they
would all feel grateful to Mr. Cowan

for hi.s excellent address. .Speaking
for himself, however, he felt pained
becau.sc Mr. Cowan had shak(;n to its
foundation one of his (the speaker's)
pet beliefs. He (Mr. Grimshaw) agreed
that the food given to worker larva;
was a production of the chyle stomach,
and was, so to speak, pumped back
again, but lu; could not but think that
the highly-charged nitrogenous ma-
terial which the queen larva; fed upon
was so entirely different from the food
Mr. Cowan had told them about as
prepared in the chyle stomach, that it
must be evolved by some separate
process. There were four sets of
glands, and he would ask what were
the uses of them if not to provide the
highly nitrogenous food the queen was
fed upon ? Mr. Cowan said for de-
glutition and assimilation, but that was
not suflicier.t ; and until a proper use
for these glands was found other than
the one hitherto supposed, he must
cling to the old theory. At any rate,
the analysis of the various foods was
so startling that he was bonnd to give
the matter serious thought, and ex-
press his opinions with great deference
to the quoted authorities.

Mr. Cowan said that Schiemenz
supposed all the glands to take part in
the production of the brood food, al-
though No. 1, he said, was the princi-
pal source ; but Schonfeld did not hold
that view. In the first place, the
glands were very small in proportion
to the quantit}' of the food — in fact,
too small to be able to secrete the im-
mense amount of food that was neces-
sary, to say nothing about its variation
in the diflerent larvos.

Mr. Grimshaw believed thatheredity
among bees was carried down by
means of brood food, and it was nec-
essary for his argument that the food
given to the brood should pass through
the .system of the nurse-bee in order
that heredity might lie transmitted.

He held that the instincts, which the
worker-bees had, could only be handed
down from worker to worker l>3' food
passed tl'rough the system and given
to the brood ; that such food was a
secretion of one or two special glands,
bnt that the rich nitrogenous food was
a distinct mammary secretion. The
estaldishment of Mr. Cowan's theory
would totally upset his (the sijeaker's)
view of heredit)'.

Mr. Lyon understood Mr. Cowan to
say that there was an absence of pol-
len remains in the food supplied to
bees up to the third day. If so. that
would support Mr. Grimshaw's theory
oif secretion. After the third day the
secretion was discontinued, and the
semi-digested chyle pumped through
the oesophagus into the cells for brood
nourishment.

536

THE- MMEMIC'SE* MMM je^RNKlL.

-'^'^■^'^^'■■^'■^'^^'^^'^■^'^'^atj^m^^sm^mtimMmtta

Mr. Cowan said thai in the case of
the drone larvre finly was free pollen
found after the third day.

Mr. Grimshaw explained the absence
of pollen by statinji: that there was a
filtering medium whieh prevented the
husks being pumped back, the feeding
valves being provided with hair, whicli
would stop the regurgitation of the
pollen.

Mr. Lyon remarked that Mr. Che-
shire had been able to find out what
flowers had bloomed in any particular
district by making a microscopical ex-
amination of larva? showing the re-
mains of pollen husks.

Mr. Cowan said Mr. Cheshire had
stated that in worker larvre there was
undoubtedly pollen added to the food,
and that the pollen-grains were living
and found in a gi'owing condition,
which was a mistake.

Mr. Meggy said his views exactly
coincided with Mr. Grimshaw's, and he
thought that in the present state of
knowledge they might fairly accept a
part of each of the theories advanced.

Mr. Cowan said that Schiemenz and
Leuckart distinctl}' slated that the food
was the produce of the glands, while
Sclionfeld had shown that it was pos-
silile for the bees to eject the food from
the chyle stomach. The latter au-
thority, however, did not denj' that
the glands contributed to the food, but
he did affirm that they were not the
sole producers of brood food. He
(Mr. Cowan) would like to ask Mr.
Grimshaw how he supposed the bees
forced out the glandular secretion ?

Mr. Grimshaw could not answer
that, but said man}' extraoi'dinary
facts could not be explained. He would
ask how it was that the fertile worker
b}' simple excitation of the ovaries was
able to lay drone eggs ?

Mr. Lyon would like to know if
heredity was controlled by food,
whether there would be any difference
between the eggs of a Ligurian queen
when nursed bj" black bees, and the
same eggs when nursed Ijy Ligurian
bees ?

Mr. Grimshaw said no doubt there
would, but of course special changes
could not be traced in two generations,
but might take hundreds of years to
produce. Mr. Sambels had given im-
portant evidence on that point. He
believed that the character of the bees
(whether quiet or vicious) was gov-
erned not so much !)}■ the queen, as
was generallj- supposed, but by tlie
nur.se-bees.

Mr. Cowan said, with regard to the
salivarj' secretion in the human being,
we would spit that out; but the bee
had no power of doing the same, but
could only pour out its secretion on
the foods coming in, and the outlet is
just in the right position for this.

Mr. Gleunie and Mr. Grimsliaw
agreed that if a vicious colony were
started in the apiary, and a succession
of vicious bees followed, each colony
would probably become worse and
worse, and it would be better to de-
stroy the lot and start afresh. There
was no doubt that vicious bees were
much more prevalent at the present
lime than formerly, a fact to which
Mr. Lyon bore testimony.

Mr. Cowan exlubited a diagram of
bee-clustering during winter, showing
the variation in temperature of the
cluster side by side with the variation
of temperature in the open air.

On the motion of Mr. Lyon, a hearty
vote of thanks was passed to Mr.
Cowan for his interesting and instruc-
tive address. — Dritish Bee Journal.

BEE-HOUSES.

Great Advantage to be Derived
from House-Apiaries.

Read at the Colorado State Convention

BY H. KNIGHT.

Bee-houses, or more properly speak-
ing, house-apiaries, was selected for
my subject because, as ,many of you
know, it is one of my hobbies, and a
successful one.

By ■' bee-house" I do not mean a
shed with the out-door hives put under
it ; neither do I mean a house in which
to store honey ; but a house with the
hives arranged in tiers around the in-
side, each hive having an entrance e.x-
tending through to the outside.

Eastern bee-men, on account of
moths and dampness, have pronounced
them a failure, until recently I notice
that several are using them success-
fully. One man in Kansas has even
taken out a patent for a bee-house.
His idea is to have it lathed and plas-
tered. I do not know whether he has
the walls decorated with gilt paper,
with a fancy border or not, but I do
know that in my experience all that is
necessary is inch boards for the walls,
the hives to set back 2 or 3 inches and
connected by runways. The space
between the hives and wall admits of
a passage of air which keeps the hives
much cooler than if they were close
to the outside.

Mr. A. I. Root says that smoke from
tlie smoker is more troublesome, as it
cannot pass off quite so readily, which
I will have to admit, although if large
openings are pi'ovided in the ends, no
serious trouble need be feared.

Many bee-men say: " I want the
hives close to the ground, because the
bees can bring in more hone)' ; they
can fly down instead of up with their
loads." I say to them : "How is it

that we had the past season 11 colonies
that gave us from 190 to 200 pounds
each, in one-pound sections, and 10 of
those hives were from 3 to 9 feet from
the ground ?"

Another bee-keeper says: "When
the entrances are so close together (2
feet) the bees cannot locate their
hives, and tliey also interfere in flying
to and from their hives." Now, when
the alighting-boards are of different
colors and shapes, tlie bees make no
mistakes by going in at their neigh-
bors' doors. I have watched them
closely many times to see if they could
fly without a collision, and have come
to the conclusion tluxt they can switch
oft' just right every time.

One of our Rocky Mountain bee-
men, on going into one of our bee-
houses, asked if those on the north and
west did so well as those on the other
sides. His grand-fallier was a bee-
keeper, and had told him that the
hives must front eitlier south or east.
To all those of such fogy notions I ask.
How is it that the bees on the west side
of all our bee-houses give us the most
honey ? But such is the fact, and I do
not know why, unless it is the moun-
tain scenery in view from their front-
doors that puts extra vim and business
into them.

One reason why I think the house-
apiaiy far in advance, is that any bee-
keeper can handle double the number
of colonies, as we have everything
almost within arm's length, and when
we take off honey, which every true
bee-keeper deliglits to do, it is not
scattered all over an acre of ground,
but is all close together in the bee-
house.

Another verj' important feature is
that we can, by locking the door, feel
pretty certain that our hives will not
leave us before our next regular visit ;
and too, where we have out apiai'ies,
we do not have to bring them home to
winter, and then haul them out again
in the spring, as many in the East do.
We can leave them on the summer
stands, and under lock and key. A
bee-house, too, is even better than a
chaff hive, both for wintering and
summering, as the atmosphere in the
house, where there are a large number
of colonies, is kept at a more even
temperature.

It is an undisputed fact that quiet-
ness is essential during our no-honey
season. A changeable temperature in
the hives causes restlessness, consump-
tion of honey, old age and death to
many of the bees. An even tempera-
ture, somewhat below the freezing
point, is what is wanted to cause the
bees to relapse into that semi-torpid
condition of successful wintering. A
bee-house comes the nearest, excepting
a cellar, to producing this state, and is

T'K® m^mumicn.n wmm ji&wmMRi^.

537

> tjii > iTi >i^ tm» » >»>ai*jB<><^*jjfc*ji

■• -^ ^ "^ ^^*^^.

therefore to be preferred to out-door
hives.

Another advantage oflercd is that
the bees ean be handled with less dan-
ger of robbing, as the end of the house
in whicli we want to work can be
closed and the opposite end left open
for light and for the bees to escape.
It is also much cooler for the operator.
Wliile it is not alone for the bee-mas-
ter, but for the bees also, that we want
the shade, as oftentimes the out-door
hives will get so hot that tlie bees will
hang out, the combs melt down, and
the bees that do not get stuck in
the mess, will take their departure
to find some hollow tree that is kept
cool bj' the overhanging branches with
their grateful shade.

Six years ago I built my first bee-
house. That season I had two, the
following season three, and so on until
the past season I had five ; my smallest
house holding 38 colonies, and the
largest 82.

After 13 years' success with bees,
nearly one-half of which I have had
both out-door and in house-apiaries, so
much am I in favor of the latter that
for my use I shall never make or buy
another hive- that must be used out-
doors, although I would add that
almost any kind of a hive can be used
in a bee-house.

EXPERIMENTS.

Report of Some Experimeiiling
by a Young Bee.9Ian.

Writtctifor the American Bee Journal

BY S. p. NOLU.

This is the sixth year that I have
kept bees, as I may say, for experi-
ments.

1. I bought a colony in a box-hive
for $5, and transferred them to a
Mitchell hive. The experiment was a
success, though I attributed it to luck,
as I knew nothing at all about bees. I
could not have picked out the queen
had any one oftered me a dozen
colonies for my trouble. That colony
was torn up every week that summer
for my inspection. The queen became
a common sight to me.

2. I divided this colony, and gave
the queenless part a cell (Holy-Land),
which proved to be a success. The
queen mated with a hybrid drone, and
made the crossest cross I ever had.

3. I tried to use comb foundation,
and would find each new hope melted
down or twisted out of shape. Bee-
keepers are hard to discourage, how-
ever, and now I use it in full sheets,
and always wire my frames — another
experiment.

4. The next tiling to trj' was intro-
ducing queens, so I began with Ital-
ians, and iiilrciiluced by Heddon's, or
rather his "Friend's" plan. I like it,
and have never lost a queen by using
it. I tried two tine Italians b}' the
" Peet process." and lost one, but I
admit that my carelessness was partly
to blame. I do not like the method.
Heddon's Friend's plan is better. His
theory is correct — " they do not realize
that they have been queenless."

5. I transferred by Heddon's plan,
and will now use no other. Cutting
up egg larva\ and dripping honey is
too dauby and wasteful.

6. I took a weak colonj' and put it
on a strong colony's stand ; then I took
a box and scimp-shovel, and scooped
up perhaps a jii'ck of bees that were
hanging out of three hives of a neigh-
bor's (he said I might), and mixed
them with the weak colony. For a
week they hung out day and night.and
were too lazy to move for smoke, so I
gave them a frame of eggs and larvw,
and a pint of syrup. They have gone to
work and do not hang out. I believe
that hanging out is a lazy habit. Will
some one who has a good many bees,
try this "scooping up" plan of
strengthening weak colonies, and re-
port ? It is very simple.

7. I fixed up an invertible brood-
nest, and tried inverting, this summer.
I find it a success, and believe that in-
vertible surplus-cases would be, too,
but I have not tried them. After in-
verting the hive of a good colony, I
put on three surplus-cases with full
sheets of foundation in pound and half-
pound sections. For experiment, then,
Ididnotfoo^ inside of that hive for
exactly four weeks (in June), and
when I did look, I felt puffed up, and
looked that way. They did not swarm,
but have stored 30 pounds of honey —
a good yield here for a season.

I winter my bees without protection,
more than that they are put on the
south side of the building. I have
never lost any. The coming winter I
will try packing with straw.

These experiments were begun when
I was but twenty years old, and all
were performed without aid or sug-
gestion from any one save through
books and periodicals. All bee-keep-
ers should read continually.

I have had as high as 10 colonies,
but always kept them as a side-issue.
Some day I will buy out a farmer's
lot, and go into the business.

Let me say to young bee-keepers — it
will pay you to have one colony to ex-
periment with. If it makes you no
money, it will enable you to get the
knowledge necessary to work your
others to the best advantage.

Cofleyville, Kans., July 21, 1890.

MARKETING".

How l«> Prepare Comb Honey
for ilic iraarkcl.

Read at the Oxford, Ont., Conveyition

BY w. COUSE.

In attempting to prepare an article
on this suljjeet, it will be difficult to
find ground that has not been gone
over previously by some person ; but I
feel that there are bee-keepers who do
not pay nearl}' enough attention to
this matter, and they ai'c not only
losers themselves, but the grocers they
sell to and other bee-keepers are often
afi'ected. If a grocer receives a lot of
poor-looking honey, he does not readily
sell it ; and had he received nicely-
done-up honey of good quality, he
would have likely sold much more
honey, and have caused a greater
demand.

It is somewhat difficult to say just
when or where to begin to prepare
honey for market — perhaps the best
time would be before we have anj-. To
be able to have the choicest comb
honey it must be built in nice, white
sections, and to find what a nice white
section is, we can ask difl'erent supply
dealers for samples, and there will
likely be some suitable samples of sec-
tions received to choose from. Another
article of importance is nice, thin
foundation. With this fastened in the
sections, they have a neat appearance.

Now, before placing the supers as
filled with the sections on the hives for
the bees to fill, you would likely have
nicer comb honey if 30U scrape all the
propolis possible from the hive and
fixtures, as when the bees t'-avel over
the propolis, there will be some stick
to their feet and soil the cappings of
the honey and sections.

Some may think the propolis of little
injury, but to those they might take
the following precaution, which a gen-
tleman claimed to have taken that
showed some nice honey at one of our
country fairs. A gentleman showing
honey in competition with him wanted
to know how he got such nice white
comb, " Well," he says, " if you do not
tell anj' person, I'll tell j'ou. I just
fasten little mats at the entrance of
the hives for the bees to wipe their
feet on before going in." Now I do
not know whether the mats were
placed by the second gentleman or
not, but I know that there are many
that do not trouble with the mats, and
there are enough, and too many, that
do not scrape the propolis ofT.

I usually find that comb honey taken
from a colon}' with new combs, frames
and hive, is nicer looking than if taken
from a colony without new combs,
frame and hive. With these precau-

538

^HU MMERicsr* mmm j©^rks:iu.

tions, and if their be a good yield of
bright honey, you will be apt to have
something fit fur market. When jou
have the hone}* nicely filled with sec-
tions, you will require nice shipping-
crates to hold from 6 to 18 sections.
Before putting the sections into the
shipping-crates, the propolis will have
to be again looked after and scraped,
and it is always better to have the
manilla-paper dish in the bottom to
hold any leakage that there may be.

In regard to the size of section to
use, I believe a section that holds a
pound of honey, or as near it as pos-
sible, is the best. I know there are
many bee-keepers that use a section to
hold an ounce or two less than a
pound, but the objection I find to this
is that it is sometimes used to deceive
buyers. Sometimes the grocer is de-
ceived, and sometimes he is the de-
ceiver. I believe the grocer often
buys sections of honey for a pound,
and they are short, and the bee-keeper
may sell him those sections at a cent
or so less than his neighbor sells his
sections, but the section that costs the
most may he the cheapest. I know
all bee-keepers do not sell sections by
the piece, and I believe it to be gen-
erally unfair to do so.

I have no doubt many bee-keepers
have had grocers ask them for sections
weighing an oimce or so less thau a
pound, as they can sell them for about
the same as one that weighs a pound ;
but they want to buy the honey bj'
weight from the bee-keepers, all the
same, and no doubt there are bee-
keepers who get sections cut so that
they can sell them for a cent or so less
than their neighbors, who have them
weigh a pound.

My best customers ai'e men that
wish sections that weigh a pound, or
as near it as possible, and they buy by
the pound and sell by the pound. Arc
not these men deserving of confidence
much more than the man who asks
3-ou for a section less than a pound to
sell by the piece for a pound ? I pre-
fer to deal with the man that wishes
to sell liy the pound.

It would perhaps be well to give you
an account of a purchase made last
■winter, as an example. Not having
enough comb honey to snppl}' the de-
mand, I wrote to a gentleman that
I heard of having comb honey for sale
at a certain price, and I sent him an
order for so many pounds of first-class
honey at a certain price. Well, the
honey did not come as ordered, it was
not lirst-class, it was dark, the comb
soiled, the sections not cleaned of the
propolis, shipped in a grocery-box,
some sections broken, and all generally
daubed, and the weight short l)y
about an ounce and a lialf per section,
although the invoice was by tlie sec-

tion for the. amount I offered by the
pound.

In closing this article, I would ask
all to endeavor to have their comb
honey done up as neatly as possible,
and of good sample, for if done up as
the above lot, you need not expect a
good price for your honey, and you
will demoralize the trade to a certain
extent, and not only be injured your-
self, but you would be the cause of
injuring others ; jou would only be
able to sell to a man once, and when
you had made one sale to each of the
grocers or bee-keepers in your neigh-
borhood, you would have to look for
new customers further away, or eat
the honey yourself.

Streetsville, Out.

CARNIOLANS.

Experience 'willi llicse Bees for
Five \'ear§.

BEE-CULTURE.

Management of the Apiary so ;
to make it Pay.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY C. L. FISHER.

I think that the article on page 488,
by Mr. S. A. Shuck, demands atten-
tion. He condemns the Carniolan
bees without trial, which at least shows
malice.

He says he purchased one select
tested Carniolan queen (which it seems
the bees considered almost old enough
to die) from which he reared 35
queens, which he says were all mis-
mated, making the working stock
hybrids, of coui'se. Then he tells how
they behave — like the worst hybrids
he ever saw, by thieving, mutilating
cappings, etc, •

Next he acknowledges himself be-
hind the times, by allowing his bees
to follow their natural impulses, and
swarm whenever they take a notion to
do so. Then he compares his hybrids
with his Italians, calling the hybrids
Carniolans, and he closes by guessing
that he shall be a certain number of
pounds of honey short, by having a
streak of Carniolan blood in his apiary.
" Consistency thou area jewel "^but
wanting hei'e.

Now I have had five years' experi-
ence with the Carniolan bees, and
three years of the time I have had
from 50 to 100 or more colonies. I
have also had Italians in the same
yard during all that time, and in no
instance have my best Italians in honey
gathering or breeding, equaled my
best Carniolans.

I procured queens of both races from
breeders of note, besides rearing many.

My motive in writing this is simply
to see justice done the best I'ace of
bees (and their breeders) that I have
any knowledge of.
South Deerfield, Mass.

Written for the Prdirie Farmer

BY MRS. L. HARRISON.

The drouth was broken on July 12
by a fine rain, and the weather has
been exceedingly warm since, and the
bees have been working industriously
on the sweet clover. Souie plants
yield honey only a few hours each day
— awhile in the morning or during the
heat of the day ; but bees are now
working upon sweet clover, '-from
early morn to dewy eve." The yield
from this source is not large, but con-
tinuous, during a time when there is
little or none from any other source,
and is sufficient to keep up brood-rear-
ing, thus providing for workers to
gather the fall harvest.

A neighbor bee-keeper came into
our apiary lately, and used Bible words
out of place, denouncing bees as a de-
lusion and a snare. Now this is ve^y
silly, for all business has its ups and
downs, and those who hold on, with a
grip like a bull-dog. are the ones who
" get there."

Some benevolently disposed pei-sons
in the city of New York, at ime time,
made an investigation to ascertain the
cause of poverty, and ascertained that
it was not owing to the lack of ability
to do many things well, but because
they flitted from one thing to another.
I have known farmers, who became
discouraged owing to the failure of
crops, and moved into towns and
cities, where the_y were known as
laborers and teamsters, and in a short
time were beseiging the overseer of
the poor, and the benevolent societies
for assistance, and their household
goods set into the streets for non-pay-
ment of rent. It is impossible for a
man to support a large family by day
lalior, and if they had stuck lo tlie
farm, and worked it, they would have
had plenty to eat, and their children
would be producers instead of con-
sumers only.

Bee-keepers, stick to your hives, and
have your colonies strong, to be ready
in case of a flow of hone}', which may
come upon us for harvesting unawares.
If you sit grumbling, your dishes may
all be upside down when the shower
comes, and you will not get a drop.
The same applies to liorlicnlturists,
gardeners, atnl farmers ; and it would
be well for all to follow the advice of
Cromwell, " Trust in God, and keep
your powder diy."

"Keep all colonies strong" is
Oettl's "Golden Rule," and the last
words to be found in " Langstroth's
Revised." Whoever succeeds in doing

TH® MMBRICJirf BS® JO'UKMKfc.

589

^^*^*^*-^*-^'—i'— -'"li^armar''

this, ac(niires the title of bee-master,
ami will ultimately reach the goal —
some sooner, others later.

A bee-master can generally tell at a
glance the conilition of a colony.
Where a colony is working energeti-
cally, ami the hive is very populous, it
is good evidence that all is right with-
in. A man once selected a colony
from our apiary in early spring,
choosing it because so many bees were
ou the outside in the portico, and
afterwards requested us to exchange
it, which we did. This colony was
queenless, and having no " babies" to
feed, were outside ready to welcome
any robl)ers that might come along.
If they had had a queen they would
have had plenty of work to do in the
hive and fields, and not been lounging
in the porch.

Old colonies that have swarmed
need looking after ; many times they
swarm unbeknown to their owner, and
are very weak in consequence. A lay-
ing queen may be found in one corner
of the hive with a few bees, and the
combs full of honey and bee-bread.
To let them remain in this condition
during the season is very poor economy
for they will pay no rent for the use of
the hive and comb, and must perish
the following winter.

In building up such a colony, I
would let outside combs remain if they
were sealed full of honej-, and remove
all containing no brood. I should not
expect to tind more than one contain-
ing brood ; with a division-board I
would confine them to one side of the
hive, leaving room for four frames. If
the season was like the present one, I
would uncap a frame of the honey, and
after removing a frame of brood from
the centre of a strong colony, put it in
its place where it would be used in
rearing brood.

I would take a frame of chipping
brood and brush off all the bees, for if
removed with the bees they might de-
stroy the queen. In" a short time the
young bees will be ready for business,
and another similar one may be given
them. The strong colony that parted
with one frame of brood will not be
injured, while the one to which they
were given will be strong to gather
fall honey and populous enough for
winter. My motto is to make every
hive pay its rent.

Where a hive contains a drone-lay-
ing queen, pinch off her head and ex-
change the combs in the same way,
only if it is desirable to do so take
combs covered with bees, being care-
ful not to deprive a colony of its queen.
In this way a bive can be filled up at
once. Where there are drone-layers it
is the best way to get rid of them that
I know ; that is, exchange tlieir combs
for those filled with brood and covered

with bees. If a queen is introduced at
this time, she should be caged until the
old bees fly home, for they might de-
stroy her. Tliey will rear a queen
with the material at hand, if left to
themselves. If the ower desires to in-
troduce a choice cell, and waits until
they have built queen-cells, it will be
respected ; but if given to them before,
they will tear it open and destroy the
embryo queen.
Peoria, Ills.

COIWEIVTION DIRECTORY.

1890. Time and place of meeting.

Aug. 19.— Nortliern llllnoia, at Harlem, lUs.

D. A. Puller, Sec , Cherry Valley, Ills.

Aug. 29.— Haldiniand, at South Cayuga. Ont.

K. C. Campbell, Sec. Cayuga, Ont.

Sept 10.— Ionia County, at Ionia, Mich.

H. Smith. Sec , Ionia. Mich.

Oct. 29-31.— International American, at Kenituk, la.
C. P. Dadant, pec, Hamilton, Ills.

Oct.— Missouri State, at Mexico. Mo.

J. W. Rouse, Sec, Santa Fe, Mo.

In order to have this table complete.
Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — The Editor.

International Bee-Association.

President— Hon. R. L. Taylor. .Lapeer, Micb.
SECRET.4RY— (_'. P. Dadant Hamilton, Ills.

National Bee-Keepers* Union.

President — James Heddon ..Dowag-iac. Mich.
Sec'y. and Manager— T. G. Newman, Chicago.

'-::j^

Bees in a Cliiircli-Spire.

An item on page 483 calls to mind the
fact that three j'ears ago a swarm of bees
entered the spire o£ the Congregational
church at Magnolia, Iowa. They have
passed three winters there, and appear to
be doing well. The church stands where
it is exposed to our severe storms from all
directions. The spire is covei'ed with inch
lumber, which is mostly covered with tin.
The cavity occupied equals ten or more
ordinary hives. The large cavity does not
prevent swarming, as quite a number of
swarms have been secured by persons
living near. P. M. Richardson.

Magnolia, low-a, June 23, 1890.

JV<> Wliil<- llon«-y lo $!i|>'cak of.

The Ijasswood is gone. There is no white
honey to speak of in Erie county this year.
1 did think that I would get a small run on
basswood. I may have 200 pounds of
houey from 80 splendid colonies on June
15. I had over 4,000 pounds in 1889,
from a less number. A. A. Harrison.

McLane, Pa., July 25, 1890.

A School of /%|>i<'ulliirf.

I could no more do without the American
Bee Journal than I could without my bees.
I find it above criticism — suited alike for
all who keep bees in all parts of the world.
Its excellent system and stjde of journalism
makes it a regular "school of apiculture."

Xenia, O. C. E. Woodward.

One ot'tlie Vervains.

Will you kindly state, through the Bee
Journal, the name of the flower that I
send, and whetber or not it yields honey ?
It abounds here in a wild state.

Prairie du Chien, Wis. B. E. Brown.

[It is Verbena hastata — one of the
numerous vervains, and has long been
recognized as an excellent honey-producer.

—Ed.]

Price ot Ilonej— Giolden-Rod.

Basswood extracted honey should bring
10 cents a pound. I am not producing any
comb boney, but it ought to bring 15 and
18 cents. There is not half enough honey
to supply the market, and the bee-keepers
have had a hard pull to get the bees
through. I have taken 55 pounds of bass-
wood honey to the colon}', spring count,
and I expect to get a good yield from that
splendid flower — the golden-rod. So, bee-
keepers, put on the sections, and give the
bees a chance. If the golden-rod honej' is
extracted, it should be well ripened, for the
flavor isnuicb better. Fayette Lee.

Cokato, Minn.

Bees Uoiiis: Finely.

I am delighted by the form in which my
article appeared on page 489. After read-
ing it, yesterday, I took a ride in the coun-
try, and found a " bee- tree " in the corner
of a country post-office building, and
another in a white oak tree ; I was not
looking for bees, either. Bees are yet
doing finely here ; I find bees doing well in
what is certainly the very poorest place in
the county. D. B. Wier.

Petaluma, Calif., July 22, 1890.

jiionie White-Red Clover.

I send you a species of white clover that
I find growing among the red here, wishing
to know whether it is a distinct variety, or
a mere freak uf nature. I notice the bees
working ou it and also the red clover. I
never saw so many bees working on the
red clover before— Italians, Carniolans and
hybrids alike— about as many as on the
common wbite. The white I send you is
mi-^ed with the red, but the bees that
gather from the wbite pass the red by,
while those that gather from the red pass
the white by. They seem to divide on the
["color line." Bees are not more than
! gathering a living now. The white clover
is nearly all dried up, and the basswood
gone out. and we are in the midst of a
severe drouth, which I fear will kill the
white clover entirely, as it did a few years
ago. Unless we have a decided change for
the better soon, those who were writing, "1
look for a s|ilendid honey crop," will have
to sing a different song. Bee keepers are
a hopeful people, but they had not better
build their castles too high.

J. C. Armstrong.
Bromley, Iowa. July 21, 1890.

By request Prof. A. J. Cook answers the
above question. He says :

The white red clover sent by Mr. Arm-
strong is not a rare freak. Dr. W. J. Beal,
in his excellent work on grasses, says :

j "The i)etals vary in length, direction taken,
and differ in color from a dirty white to
pink and bright scarlet." I have seen red

I clover very dark, even crimson, and as

540

T^mm aMEMicmr* mmm jqume*mi.,.

light as much of our white clover. It blos-
soms earlier or later, and the tubes vary
very much in length. This habit of varia-
tion enables us to select and breed new
varieties. It is not improbable that by
selecting heads with short flower-tubes, we
might soon get a variety that bees could
easily worli on.— A. J. Cook.

I put 52 colonies of bees in the bee-cellar
iu tbe fall, and took out 53 in the spring —
all in good condition. The bees did nicely
until the middle of June, but from then on
until now I have had to feed them ; but
they are making their own living now.
The white clover was winter killed, and
linden blossoms did not amount to any-
thing. Fked Bott.

Wabasha, Minn., July 28, 1890.

Poor treason tor Itees.

It has been rather a poor season for bees.
Some have had no swarms or honey. The
spring was cold and wet up to June 15.;
some bees starved at that date. I had to
feed some of mine. I have only 4 swarms
so far from 28 colonies, spring count, and
400 pounds of comb honey ; but I have
lots of bees now, and if the weather is
favorable, I will get some from golden rod,
as bees work well on it in this State.

Edgar Ricard.

Canaan Center, N. H., July 26, 1890.

Bees are Uoiiigr Poorly.

I have 21 colonies; they had but little
honey when put out, but I fed them, as
they had to live until the first of July, when
I do not think there was a hive with half a
pound of honey in it. The foreportof June
the hives were full of bees, and ready to
swarm. It was wet and cold through June,
and I do not think that there are as many
bees in the hives now as there was the first
of June. One man here with 40 colonies
paid no attention to them after putting the
bees out, and he lost half of them.

C. L. LOVELAND.

Plainview, Minn., July 28, 1890.

A Diseased <^oloiij'.

There is something wrong with one col-
ony of my bees, as so many of them are
dying. They act so strangely ; they turn
black, and drag one another out, three or
four struggling with one bee. Being a
novice in bee-culture, I do not know what
is the matter. I do not keep bees for profit,
but for pleasure ; but from what I gather
from the Bee Journal, I think that it must
be foul brood. I thought at first that they
were robbing, and again I thought they
were old bees, but the drones dropping
dead at the front of the hive dispelled that
thought ; otherwise the colony seems
strong, a. W. Sapp.

Renovo, Pa., July 28, 1890.

[See our reply to Mr. Semke, on page
524 of last week's Bee Journal. — Ed.]

Xlie White Clover Oop.

When spring opened, my 50 full colonies
and nuclei had wintered without loss.
They received quite a set back, however,
by not getting any honey from the fruit-
bloom. Later on, the wet weather with
cool nights made the yield from white
clover very ligbt, with few swarms. As
the basswood bloom is nearly gone, and
no honey from this, I think that it will be

safe to report less than one-fourth of a
white honey crop from this section ; and
this will be nearly all stored by the Ital
ians, from what I have heard. I do not
think that the blacks will average 5 pounds
of white honey per colony, and no swarms.
They lack the energy of the Italians, and
the ditfereuce has been more marked this
season than in the good ones. Buckwheat
looks favorable, and we may secure some-
thing from it. C. Russell.
Conesville, N. Y., July 28, 1890.

^.^^IMESBMIOAS^,,^^

IIoiicy-FIo>v -wan Short.

"If it would only rain." "I won't get
any corn." "My potatoes are no good."
" My garden is all dried up." Such are
some of the expressions heard around here
just now, for we have had no rain to speak
of for six weeks. We had a small shower
which furnished the bees with enough
work to keep them out of mischief. The
boney-fiow was good, but very short this
season.

On July 22 we buried our little baby boy.
He was only two weeks old.

Ed. E. S.mith.

Carpenter, Ills., July 29, 1890.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

NEW YORK, July 7.— New Southern ex-
tracted is arriving trcoly, hut the quality is
poor, and prices are declining. We quote
from 60@6.5 cents per gallon. New extracted
orang-e blossom hone.v. 7@7Vi cents. New ex-
tracted California white sage, 6@6'/2C. Cali-
tornia light amber, .^HtSia^c. Beeswax, scarce
and firm at 29@30c.

HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,

28-30 West Broadway.

KANSAS CITY, July 15.— The receipts of
new comb lioney are light, and demaud equal
to the receipts. One-pouud white comb is sell-
ing at 14@15c. Very little demand for ex-
tracted at present. Beeswax, 25c.

CLEMONS, MASON & CO.,
(Successors to demons, Cloon & Co.)

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

CHICAGO, July 8.— Market is bare of honey
of all kinds, both comb and extracted. New
comb will bring 13c. A little fancy has been
sold at 15c. Extracted from 6@8c. Weather
is warm, but there is some demand. Beeswax,
27@28c.

R. A. BURNETT, 161 S. Water St.

MILWAUKEE, July 14.— The demand for
honey is good for this season of the year. The
sujipiy of old crop is fair— equal to the de-
mand. We can quote: White 1-lbs., choice,
13(Sil4c; medium white 1-lbs.. 12@13c; dark
1-lbs., good, 10@llc: white extracted in bar-
rels and half barrels, 7(?7'7Hc; white extracted
in kegs and tin cans, 7'/i@8c; dark, in barrels
and kegs, 6@6l4c. Beeswax, 28@30c.

A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.

DETROIT, July 8.— No new honey in the
market, and no desirable old is left. It is quo-
ted at 10®13c. Extracted, 7®8c. Beeswax,
27@28c.

M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch. Mich.

BOSTON, July 23.— Fancy 1-lbs.. 16c; 2-lbs.,
15c. Extracted. 8@9c. Honey sales are very
slow. We have recently received a shipment
from Michigan, of very fine stock, which is an
ample supply for us for the summer.

BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.

CINCINNATI, July 0.— Demand is good for
the new crop of exti-acted and comb honey,
.ludging by present arrivals, there has been a
good crop harvested. Exinicted brings 5@8c.
Comb honey, 12@.15c for best white. Beeswax,
iu good demand at 24f7/i2Gc on arrival.

C. F. MUTH & SON,

Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

Cluhs of 5 for $4.00 to any addresses.
Ten for $7.50, if all are sent at one time.

AI.FRBI» II. r«E:«V»IAI\,

BCSINESS MANAGER.

gusiwtss 3Joticcs,

Jt^" Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should notify us at once.

!^W° Send us 07ic new subscription, with
■$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

tW Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

|t^~ Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.

tt^~ Send us two new subscriptions, with
$2.00, and we will present you with a
" Globe " Bee-Veil for your trouble. (See
the fuller notice in the advertising col-
umns.)

B^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

U^~ Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

It^" Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jour-
nal at $1.85 for the two ; or with both our
Home Journal and Bee Journal for $2.50
for all three papers.

B^~ As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city^ our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write American Bee
Jo^imal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

J^" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifiing. Prices :

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

■' 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 25

" 200 colonies (420 puges) 1 50

|^~When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

A "Binder" made especially for

the American Bee Journal, and lettered
in gold, makes a very convenient way of
preserving the copies of the Bee Journal
as fast as they are received. We offer it,
postpaid, for 60 cents ; or as a premium for
two new subscriptions, with $2.00. It can-
not be mailed to Canada.

T'M® MMKMICMK mMM JQlUmmtl^.

541

»»^*»*^*'»**>«^»»»^*^*^*^*t*^*^*^*f>«*^--~ ■■ — > — ^ — >^A^»^^^^^^.,,^

CATARRH.

CATARRHAL DEAFNESS~HAY FEVER.
A New Home Treatment.

Sufferers are not generally aware that
these diseases are contagious, or that they
are due to the presence o£ living parasites
in the lining membrane of the nose and
eustachian tubes. Microscopic research,
however, has proved this to be a fact, and
the result of this discovery is that a simple
remedy has been formulated whereby
catarrh, catarrhal deafness and hay fever
are permanently cured in from one to thi-ee
simple applications made at home by the
patient once in two weeks.

N. B. — This treatment is not a snuff or an
ointment; both have been discarded by
reputable physicians as injurious. A
pamphlet explaining this new treatment is
sent free on receipt of stamp to pay pos-
tage, by A. H. Dixon & Son, 337 and 339
West King Street, Toronto, Canada. —
Christian Advocate.

Sufferers from Catarrhal troubles should
carefuUv read the above.
60Ea6t Imly.

WI?,TtER'S

IMPROVED

FEED GRIPER

is a novel and in-
geniously arran-
ged Grinding
Mill, made to at-
tach to 10 or 12
foot Pumping
Wind-Mills, oper-
ated by an elbow
attached to main
pumping rod in
such a manner
that it can be at-
tached or deta(.'h-
ed in a minute,
so that you can either pump or grind, or do
both at the same time. It works with a
reciprocating lever, so arranged that it
grinds on the up-motion of the Wind-Mill.
The Grinder consists of a double-metal case
and 3 burrs, two remaining stationary and
one revolving in the center, producing a
double-grinding surface, two-fold greater
than any other known to the world, and
will grind more than the ordinary farmer
needs. It can be changed from gi'inding
coarse to fine by simply tui-ning one nut.
Price, $'.20. We will present one of these
Feed Grinders to any one who will send us
75 subscribers, at $1.00 each.

J^~The Northern Illinois Bee-Keepers' Apsocia-
tion, will hold its fall meeting at Harlem, Ills., on
Auk. 19. 18911. D. A. FrTLI.EK, Sec.

^ducvtiscmcnts.

American fjarniolans, l,3e-B7e°i/cofo-

■^ nies— only '^one swarmed this season. Very
gentle, good honey-gatherers. Dry weather
disposed of drones near me. Select Untested
Queens, $1.00. Safe arrival guaranteed.
33A4t E. F. QuiGLEV, Unionville, Mo.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Prices Reduced.

QELECT TESTED QUEENS. %l:27i. Warraii-
t3 ted Queens, 75 cents— 6 for $-1.00. Make
Money Orders payable at Nicholasville, Ky.
14Ett J. T. WILSON, Little Hickman, Ky.
MentUm the American Bee Juurnal.

«^EightlitEiliti<)iiiJust^FublisliC(l^

]^e^v an<I Itevi!«e<l Edition

—OF—

BEES '2B HONEY,

OR THE

Management of the Apiary

FOR PLEASURE AND PROFIT

THOMAS a. NEWMAN,

Editor oj the American Bee Journal.

This edition lias been largely re-written,
thoroughly revised, and is " fullv up with the
times" in alltlir improvementsand inventions
in this rapidly-ili'\-eloping pursuit. and presents
the apiarist with everything that can aid in
the successful management of an apiary, and
at the same time produce the most, houe.v in
an attractive condition. It contains 250
pages and 245 illustrations — is beautifully

E Tinted in the highest style of the art, and
ound in cloth, gold lettered. Price, $1.00—
postpaid.

LiBER.ir. Discount to dealers, by the dozen
or hundred.

THOMAS G. ITEWMAK & SON,
246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Jl^" This new edition of our Bees a^t>

HoNET will be given as a Premium for only

tlii'ce new <SHbscribers« with $3.00;

or clubbed with the this Journal for $1.75.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Ill Tlini-flf One Untested Italian Queen, 75c.,
All, IIIBICI.T lor $2.00; Tested, 11.50. One
Untested Caruiolan Queen, $1.00, 3 for $2,50;
Tested, $2.00. lices by the pound and Nucleus.
Send for Price- List. Reference— First National
Bank. H. G. FKAME, North Manchester, Ind.
22Etf

Mention the American Bee Journal.

TliA Rpinlil^ukit 5-banded, Golden ITALIAN
l\K imglllt^M Bees and Queens, and the
Reddest DRONES. Very gentle; very pro-
lific; good honi'N-gatherers— working on red
clover— and the .MOST RA.,„Hfiil BEES in ex-
istence! Took First UcillllllUI Freiufiiiu
at Michigan State Fair in 1889. Samples, 5c.,
and money returned if 'hey are not e.\tra nice.
Untested Queens, $1.00; six for $5.00.
Tested (at least :! bands), $:i.00 ; Selected, tested
(4 bands) $4 ; Breeding Queens (4 to 5 bands.)
$7.00. Virgin Queens, 50 cents; 5 for $2.00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed.
JACOB T. I IMPK,
18E8t Grand l.edge, Itlicli.

3Ievtion the American Bee Journal.

SHORT-HAND

'\7'OU can earn $75.00 per month as a short-
JL hand writer. Learn at home. Address,

S. A. MORAi\, Ann Arbor, Mchigan,

FOB FULL PARTICUL.ARS.

.32A2t IT WIL.I. PAY YOU.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

CARMIULAM bred the coming sea-
son from Imported Mothers, will be ready
to send out the 1st of June. Send for
FREE Circular, to JOHN ANDREWS, Pattens
Mills, Wash. Co., N. Y. lOEtf

Mention the Ainerican Bee Jouriuil.

ClKiieost Ilaliiin

Purely bred — Purely
MATED. Won first prem-
ium over all competitors
at Buffalo International,

September, 1889. None Better in America I

Send for Price-List. Order early.

15Atf E. D. KEENEV, Importtr aiid Cmrter, Arradp, N. Y.
Mention the American Bee JoumaL

The Lever.

THE NATIONAIi

TEMFEBAITCE NEWSFAFEB.

Brightl Newsy! and Enterprising!

Send for Sample Copy.

To New Subscribers, Only 50c a Year.

This offer closes November 1.

Center-Lever Companvi

134 Van Bnien Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.
i:JAtt-^Mtf

When answering this advertisement, mention this Jouonal.

Folding Paste-Board Box

IX HOIiOS A SECTION of Comb Honey,
preserving it from dust and dirt in a Store,
and the "red-tape" handle makes it convenient
for the purchaser to carry it home.

The label shown on the Box, is our " No. 5
Gummed Label," but any of the Gummed
Labels can be put on them, by the honey-
producer.

We can furnish these Folding- Boxes for one-
pound Sections, i^xi^i, for $1.00 per 100, or
$8.50 per 1,000, by express. The name and
address of the honey-producer will be printed
on 1,000 or less, for 75 cents extra.

A Job Lot ofFoIding Boxes, which will
hold Sections 5x5 inches, or less, will be sold
at ouly 80 cents per 100. ORDER EARLY

to get these, as the supply is limited.

THOMAS G. NEWMAN dt SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

From June I O
to Oct. 1.

ITALIAN ijUEEIS

*^ Why You Should Purchase of Wood !

HE has had many years' experience. His
Queen-Cells are built in full colonies.
He uses no Lamp-Nursery. He is located
where there are no black bees, and where foul
brood never existed. Fully 05 per cent, of his
Queens prove purely-mated. He illls orders
promptly. His old customers nearly all pur-
chase of bim. He warrants every Queen equal
to those of any first-class breeder in America
in ever.\' respect. Price, 75 cents each; one
dozen, $8.00. Address,

22Etf J. F. WOOD, North Prescott, Mass.
Mentio7i the Am,erican Bee Journal,

542

Tmm mmmmi^MM mmm jp^kkmi*.

HONEYBOXES

A FOLDING PAPER BOX

FOR

PROTECTING SECTIONS OF HONEY.

For Sblppers aud Retailers.

All boxes printed with your Business Card on

front if desired.

Samples and Prices on application.

MUNSON&CO.,

30A1.3t

New Haven, Conn.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Jones' Frame Pliers.

Till Pails for Honey.

THESE Pails have full covers, and are excellent
fnr seilinp Honey in the Home Market; and
after the Honey gr.inukvtes in them, it can be
shipped anywhere wiih perfect safety. All sizes
have a bail, or handle, and when emply are usef lil
in every household.

The enoraving shows STRAIGHT
TIN PAILS, of which thereare 3>ize8,
liiililing respectively 3, 5 and lo lbs. of
Itoney. Assorted Samples of the 3
-izes will be sent by express for 40 cts.
In quantities, the prices are:

Perdoz. Per too
Gallon. ..holds 10 lbs. ...Jl.xo.... (1 2 110

ki-Gallon, holds .=> lbs 1.50 y.oo

(J'uart, holds 3 lbs 1.20.... 7.00

The second engraving represents
TH« TAPERING TIN PAIL8-
maile heavier nnd slrunKCr than
those with straight aides. The
covers are deeper, and the top-
edge of tiie Pail is doubled over,
making it smooth and convenient
to handle. Of the Tapering Pails
there are five sizes, viz; l-ib.. 4-lb.,
7-Ib.. 13-lb., and 25-lb. Assorted
Samples of these will be shipped
by express for 7.^ cents. In Quaotitie--, tlie
are as follows :

To hold 1-lb. 4-lb8. 7-lbs. I3-Ib8.

$1.25 $ 1.50 $ 2.0O

Fftn xiKiii:; frames out of hives, or
movin(r them in any way desired. It is
made of Japanned iron, and can be uti ized
in many ways. It has a long claw for loos-
eninp frames, and a hools which maybe used
for carrying other frames besides the otie
held bv the Pliers. Price, 40 cents., by mail.
By e.xpresp, .30 cents.

XHOS. O. 1SEW1TIAN A- SON,
«4e East Madison St.. CHICAGO, ILL.

Perdozen, f .75..

Per 100,

5.0O..

8.00.

111.00..

14.50.

)-Ibs.

3.25

23.0O

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

British. Bee Jo-arual

AND BEE-KEEPERS' ADVISER,

IS published every week, at 6». 6d. per
annum. It contains the very best practical
Information for the apiarist. It is edited by
Thomas Wm. Cowan, F.G.S., F.R.M.S., etc., and
published by John Huckie, King's Langley,
Herts, England

QUEENS! QUEENS! QUEENS!

By Return Mail,

As FINE A liOT as was ever reared, at the
following low rates— puritj' and safe
arrival guaranteed :

Tested, each $1.50

Warranted, each l.tiO

" perdozen 9.00

Untested, each 75

" perdozen 8.00

Will state that these Queens are all reared
from our best honey-gathering strains, in full
colonies. We are one of the oldest and largest
breeders in America. Give us a trial order.
Address.

W. W. CAM, - COLEMINE, MASS.

Please Mention the AnnM-icun Bee Journal.
lUAtf

CANADIAN QUEENS!

GIVE XMEM A XKIAl..

Earli.

Italians, Virgin $ .-to

Untested 1.00

Tested 1.50

Select Tested, 2.00

PerTlire«. P(t!4 Doj.
...S1.00....$ 1.7.5

2.75 .... 5.00
... 3,75.... 7.00

6.00.... 10.00

s

Address, K. F. H"1.TEB™aNN,

27A8t KOMNEY, Kent Co., ONT.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

FOR TRUE-BLOOD CARNIOLANS

EE our Advertisement in July 5th Ntun-
berof this Paper— page 4ii2.

J. B. iTI.\».ON A: SONS,

.31Atf MECHANIC FALLS, ME.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

SECTION

PRESS.

PIT^UEO JULY™

WE are now prepared to furnish Wakeman
& Crocker's PRESS for putting to-
ttellier One-Pieee Sections— at wholesale
and retail. Price, $2.00, by express. By the
dozen— rate given upon application.

THOMAS G. NEWniAIT & SOIT,

24R East Madison Street. - CHICAGO. ILL.

Glass ^ Paiis ^ for ^ Honey

THEY arc made of the
., best quality of clear,

lint glass, with a bail and
metal top and cover
Uhen tilled with honey,
they are very attractive
in appearance. Tbey can
he used for household
purposes by consumers,
after the honey is removed
—or they can be returned
to and re-fllled by the
apiarist.
Prices are as follows:

To hold 1 pound of honey per dozen $1.60

2 pounds • " .... ;2.00
•'3 ■■ '■ " 2.50

THOMAS G. NE^rniAN 4: SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILU

PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION

H.AS NO SAG IN BKOOD FBAiTlES.

THIN FLAT BOTTOM FOUNDATION

Has no Fi»Ii-boiie in Surpliin^Honey.

Beintt the cleanest is usvmlly worked
the quickest of any Foundation made.

J. VAN DKIISGN A: SONS,

Sole Manufacturers.
Sprout Brook, Montgomery Co., N. Y.

lAtf

Mention the American Bee JournnJ-

READERS

Of tills Journal «lio
write to aujr of our
advertisers, dtlier in
ordering, or asking abont the Goods
offered, ^.v^\l please state tliat tlicy saw
the Advertisement in this paper.

An EleB.lnt Monthly for the

FAMILY AND FIRESIOE,

At ^1.00 a Year.

Printed in the hiarhcst styie of the art, and

profusely embellished with Magnificent

and costly Engravings.

PUBLISHERS «»J«j

CHICAGO, ILLS.

It is a moral and intellectual educator, and
is invaluable in every library, as well as a very
attractive and inspiring- ornament in every
drawing-room. Each issue contains 30 pages.

Its historical and bioprraphical sketches, as
well as its stories, are charming; its depart-
ments for the Young Folks, the Household,
and the Family Circle arc very interesting,
and all who examine it are sure to become
regular subscribers. It capt ivates them all.

A Sample Copy will be sent free, upon
application to the publishers.

The liLUSTBATED HOME JOURNAI.

will be clubbed with the American Bee Journal
and both mailed to any address in the United
States aud Canada, for one year, for $1.60.

HANDLING BEES

APAmi»Hl.ET, treating of the taming
and handling of bees. Just the thing for
beginners. It is a chapter from "'riie Hive
aud Honey-Bee, revised." Price, 8 cts.
Advice to beginners. Circulars, &c., free.

CHAS. DADANT & SON,
• " Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ills

Bee -Hives, Sections, «fec.

On and after Feb. 1, isno. we will sell our
No 1 V-groove Sections in lotsof.">00 as fol-
lows: Less than 2,"00 at $:i..50 per thousand;
3.000 to 5,000 at S.3.00 per thousand. Write
for special prices on larger quantities. Na 2
Sections $2.00 per thousand. Send for Price-
List for other Supplies. Address,

J. STAUFFER A: SOIMS,

(Successors to B. J. Miller & Co.)
aiAtf NAPPANEE. IND.

The Honey Almanac

I UST the thlni; needed to create a deimiixl for

t) HONEY at home Bee-iieepers should scatter
it freely. It shows the uses of Honey for Medicine
Kating. Drlnkini:. Coolsinu. for makiuK Cosmetics
Vinetiar, etc, : also uses of BEH;-W AX. Price. .^ cts.;
2^ copies for tl.lo ; 50 copies. ^l.TO: T-S copies. «y.30j
liKi tor »2.90. The foreeoinc are POSTPAID prices:
followiriB are prices when .lent by express or freight;
lO'for »2..'io; 5(»ifor flo.iMi: i.ikhi tor fis.'io The
Bee-Keeper's CARD will be printed on the Urst page
without extra cost, when 2ft or more are ordered at
one time. Address.

XHOS. G. IVEAVMAN 6i SON,
246 East Madison St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

Tmm rn'mmmiGMM mmm jo/iamnmi^.

547

XDITOS.

Vol. mi, Am. 16, 1890. No. 33.

Mr. C J. H. Gravenliorst, of

Wilsuack, Germany, and editor of the
Bienen-Zcitunij, writes as follows on July
19, 1890 :

Deak Mr. Newman : — I am always very
glad when the American- Bee Jouknal
visits my home, and I read it with the same
interest as in the days of the late Samuel
Wagner, the founder of that good old bee-
paper, and such writers as Langstroth,
Gallup, Wilkin, Root, and many others
who were at the head of its contributors. I
think that the Bee Journal, having ad-
vanced from a monthly to a weekly, has
done very much to promote bee-keeping,
not only in j-our country, but also in others.

How glad \\ould I be, if I could arrange
to visit you at the great Columbian Expo-
sition to he held in Chicago in 1893, and
shake hands with you, as in those pleasant
days when we met at the hospitable home
of our friend, Thos. W. Cowan, at Hor-
sham, England ! How I would enjoy mak-
ing the personal acquaintance of the Ameri-
can bee-keepers. Now, if I shall not have
the pleasure to visit the great Exposition
at Chicago, others of my bee-keeping
friends in Germany and Austria will do so,
as some have already told me. I know
that they will be welcome.
Yours truly,

C. J. H. Guavenhorst.

We should be delighted to meet our
friend Graveuhorst, as well as other Eu-
ropean apiarists at the Columbian Exposi-
tion to be held in Chicago in 1892-93. Of
course the International Bee Convention
will be held here at that time, and the
apiarists of the world will have an Interna-
tional "love feast" during the 400th
anniversary of the discovery of America.
Let there be an universal gathering— for
all will be welcome. It will be a time long
to be remembered by those privileged to
enjoy it.

Dr. S. W. Morrison will locate in
Colorado Springs, Colo., about Sept. 1, and
consequently he has given up the queen-
rearing business in Pennsylvania, and does
not intend to resume it in Colorado.

Xlie !l4priiisl><-'I<i Kxposition and

Sangamon Fair will be held at Springfield,
Ills., on Sept. 8 to 12, 1890. Upon the
request of the management, we have offered
Special Premiinnn, as indicated in the fol-
lowing taken from page 6-t of the Premium
List :

The publishers of the American Bee
JouRNAi,, of Chicago, offer an attractive
and valuable premium for the best exhibit
of Comb Honey from each township in the
county, of an annual subscription of said
paper. The American Bee Journal is a
recognized authority in all matters per-
taining to bee-keeping.

1631 Best comb honey from Auburn.

1632 " " Ball.

1633 " " Buffalo Hart.

1634 " " Capital.

1636 " " Cartright.

1637 " " Chatham.

1638 " " Clear Lake.

1639 " " . Cotton Hill.

1640 " " Cooper.

1641 " " Curran.
1643 " " Fancy Creek.

1643 " • " Gardner.

1644 •' " Illiopolis.

1645 " " Island Grove.

1646 " " Lanesville.

1647 " " Loami.

1648 " " Mechanicsbrg.

1649 " " New Bei-lin.

1650 " " Pawnee.

1651 " " Rochester.
1653 " " Salisbury.

1653 " " Springfield.

1654 " " Talkiugton.

1655 '■ " Williams.

1656 " " Woodside.

The Capital Bee-Keepers' Association
will award premiums for honey, bees, api-
arian supplies, etc., in sums aggregating $50
in cash. For particulars concerning the
classification of prizes of the Capital Bee-
Keepers' Association, address the Secre-
tary, C. E. Yocom, of Sherman.

Special prizes for the competition of the
world, are specified in the premium list of
the Sangamon Fair, which can be had upon
application to the Secretary, Col. Charles
P. Mills, Springfield, Ills.

Foul Brood in Canada. — Bee-
keepers in Canada will be interested in
reading the following from the Montreal
Witness. A man who signs himself "Bee-
Keeper," asks the following questions :

Last summer we became aware that our
6 colonies of bees were affected with foul
brood. In the fall we took out most of the
infected frames and put in new ones.
When looked at in the spring, the colonies
had about a dozen foul-broody cells in each
brood-frame, and they have no more foul
brood than that now. The colonies are of
fair strength, rearing lots of lirood, and
gathering plenty of honey. 1. Do you
think that that much foul brood is worth
paying attention to ? 2. How should we
proceed to get rid of it ? 3. We are spray-
ing the brood-frames with a mixture of
tlicylic acid, soda and water— will it have
;y effect ?

The Rev. W. F. Clarke answers the
questions thus ;

1. Most certainly. Foul brood, in how-
ever small quantity, is such a deadly dis-
ease, and so sure to spread, that effective
measures cannot be too soon taken for its
extirpation. There is now a law in force,
passed by the Ontario Legislature at its
last session, requiring immediate action in
all cases of foul brood.

3. This question will be best answered
by quoting from the Act just referred to,
Sec. 10, which requires that "every bee-
keeper or other jjerson who shall be aware
of the existence of foul brood either in his
own apiary or elsewhere, shall immediately
notify the President of the Ontario Bee-
Keepers' Association of the existence of
such disease, and in default of so doing
shall, on summary conviction before a
justice of the peace, be liable to a fine of
$5 and costs.

The President of the Ontario Bee Keep-
ers' Association is Mr. Allen Pringle, of
Selby, Ont.

"Bee-Keeper" should at once examine
his hives, and if there is any remaining
trace of foul brood, report their condition
to Mr. Pringle, who is empowered to send
the inspector if he considers it necessary.
If there is not much appearance of the
disease, and it appears to be yielding to
treatment, it may not be considered a case
requiring inspection.

The inspector is authorized by statute
either to order continuance of remedial
treatment, or total destruction by fire of
the affected hives, and of all tainted appur-
tenances. Foul brood has become so prev-
alent, and is so fatal in its effects, that the
Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association deemed
it necessary to seek Legislative interfer-
ence to stamp it out. Hence the passage of
the law in regard to the matter.

3. There is a great difference of opinion
among bee keepers as to the efficacy of
salicylic acid and other remedies for foul
brood. In some cases, the treatment re-
ferred to is reported to be successful ; in
others it fails. Much depends on the viru-
lence of the disease.

Not a few excellent bee-keepers believe
that by far the better plan when once foul
disease has got a foothold in an apiaiy is,
to cremate all the hives and tainted fix-
tures, and make a new start with healthy
bees.

Si»'ealy Horses are peculiarly ob-
noxious to bees, and yet many will
thoughtlessly expose themselves to danger
by driving or stopping near hives of bees
when the horses are hot. The accident at
the farm of Henry Anglemiller, near
Mercersburg, Pa., by which AnglemOIer's
daughter, Mrs. George Miller, had both of
her feet cut off, was most distressing.

Mr. Anglemiller was just starting to mow
a field of grass which adjoined his house.
In making the first cut around the field, he
thoughtlessly stopped just alongside of a
shed which contained more than a dozen
hives of bees. The perspiration on the
horses attracted the bees, and they left
their hives and swarmed on the man and
the horses, covering them in black masses.
Mr. Anglemiller shouted for help, and his
daughter came running out of the house.

She threw her dress over her head to
protect herself from the bees, ran right in
front of the machine, and stooped down to
loosen the traces from the mower, and lib-
erate the horses. As she did so, the mad-
dened horses sprung forward and cut both
of her feet off exactly at the ankle joint.
They each hung by a small piece of skin,
ami double amputation was made by the
physicians.

She rallied from the shock, and it is
thought she will recover. She is about 30
years old, and has four children, the
youngest only four months old.

Her father is now in a very serious con-
dition from the bees' stings. His face and
arms were covered with the stings so that
they had to be combed out with a fine-tooth
comb. The horses will likely die.

548

THB^ MRIBRICMH mmW JOWRKMI^.

kikmiA^AMkikS

Fair at <^eston, lotva.

The Creston Fair grounds, which will
contain the celebrated" Blue Grass Palace,"
will be opened Aug. 21, by Gov. Boies, and
that date will be " Governor's Day." The
management expect to secure the attend-
ance of the governors of Illinois, Minnesota,
Nebraska, Kansas, and Missouri. Roger Q.
Mills has been secured, and McKinley or
Speaker Reed will undoubtedly be present ;
and it is intended to secure eminent men
for each day.

The Palace building will front to the east,
and will have a total length north and
south of 265 feet, and will be 130 feet

The Palace of 1890 wUl far surpass any-
thing in the palace line ever seen in the
country, not excepting the famous Corn
Palace of Sioux City, and visitors who
viewed the old palace with wonder and
admiration, will be greatly surprised and
delighted, when they view the improved
Blue Grass Palace of 1890.

This is a nice opportunity for the bee-
keepers of that State to make a good ex-
hibit. It takes only one fare on all rail-
roads in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois,
Indiana and Missouri. This is the time to
visit the Blue Grass region of Iowa.
Eighteen counties have each a booth, and
vie with each other in decorating in a
unique and novel manner, and the booths
are filled with the products and manufac-
tured articles from each county, and each
booth will have parties in charge for the

'ifV^lJST

wide. The main tower will be in the cen-
ter of the building, and will be 120 feet
high, while on the north and south wings
will be two towers 90 feet high, and over
the main entrance on the east side there
will be another tower 100 feet in heighth,
which, with several smaller towers, will
give the building a magnificent appearance.

A bridge will be constructed from the
south tower to the north one, which will be
12 feet wide and over 200 feet long,which,
together with the balconies will accommo-
date one thousand people. This will be a
fine place for visitors to watch the races,
as a splendid view can be had of the entire
racetrack.

The south wing of the building will be
used as an auditorium, having a seating
capacity of 2,500 people. The Palace will
be decorated with all the different grasses
and grains, baled hay and straw. The
decorations will be much more elaborate
than those of last year, and a much larger
amount of blue grass will be used.

puriJose of giving information to visitors
in regard to the value of land, the amount
of the supply of timber, coal, stone, and all
other advantages, etc. Home seekers, land
buyers and investors can here obtain all
the information they desire without the
expense of going all over the Blue Grass
Region, and select any part of the region
they wish to visit.

Excursion tickets are good for 15 days.
This will enable parties after visiting the
Palace to visit any part of the Blue Grass
section they desire.

First Liessous in Apiculture?

Beginners need good advice, and we sel-
dom see anything more suitable and timely
than the following from the Southern
Cultivator :

Obtain, at least, a general knowledge of
the natural history of the honey-bee, and
of its management. Become acquainted,
both theoretically and practically, with the
use of improved apiarian implements. This

can be obtained by studying a good manual
for the apiary, and bee-periodicals, in con-
nection with experience in the apiary.

Spend some time with a practical and
progi'essive apiarist, even if you have to
pay for the privilege of "helping" him;
for successful and prudent care of bees at
all seasons,and under varied circumstances,
and the skill necessary to obtain the most
honey in the best condition for the market,
can be obtained only by practical experi-
ence in the apiary. From time immemorial
bees have been kept by man, but until the
past few years the pursuit has not received
that attention that it demands. In this, as
in all other departments of business, it is
only the careful and practical that succeed.

Nature has provided the health-giving
deUcious nectar in myriads of beautiful
fiowers, that deck forest, field and garden,
and developed the bees to gather this abun-
dant sweetness and store it in quantities
far exceeding their wants— and man may
step in to aid nature and bees, and utilize
the surplus honey for his pleasure and sus-
tenance.

Locate where there is a profusion of
white clover, with timber to the west and
north, within range, where fruits and
flowers abound ; golden-rod, asters, Span-
ish-needle and heart's-ease, or smart weed,
abound in almost every locality, and where
they do not, it is easy and profitable to put
in a few acres of buckwheat for late fall
honey, as there is none better for wintering
bees, and extracted buckwheat honey will
always find a ready sale.

In locating an apiary, avoid the close
proximity of laurel thickets, as honey gath-
ered from the laurel is unwholesome, if not
really poisonous ; avoid the neighborhood
of cider-mOls, and do not locate imme-
diately near a large body of water, as it
will confine your bee-range to one direc-
tion exclusively.

A broken or low country is no particular
disparagement, because the less desirable
for cultivation, the more encouragement
will there be for you to take time by the
forelock, and plant plentifully of such
honey plants as will insure a constant
bloom, and provide against the time when
others, encouraged by your success, shall
also c^ommence bee-keeping in your neigh-
borhood, and overstock the location, unless
nature is liberally assisted.

With all the above natural advantages
secured, aided by your provident fore-
thought in planting, you will have done
much to settle the question as to the best
method of wintering, and your bees, let
them be of whatever color, will solve the
problem as to which is the best race.

Olobe Bee-Veils. — Here are two
letters received— from two of our corres-
pondents,and are about like scores of others,
showing how the Globe Veils suit those
who have them. Not one objection has
ever yet been received :

Sehd me two more Globe Bee-Veils for
my neighbors. I like mine very much. —
J. B. DuNLAP, Rochester, Ind., July 17,
1890.

The two Globe Bee-Veils came by return
mail. Thanks for promptness. I find them
just as neat and clean as new (the soiling
is so slight). They are indeed sure protec-
tion against bee-stings, mosquitoes, etc. —
JohnHager, Jr., Arabi,La., July 16, 1890.

Clii1>s of 5 New Subscriptions for $4.00,
to any addresses, fen for $7.50, if all are
sent at one time.

Tmm 2EMMMicji;r« seeb jouieKiciu.

549

Best HcIIiocI of Preventing the
Swarming of Bees.

Written for the American BeeJowmal

Query 724.— What is the best method to
prevent swarming — to clip the queen's
wings, or to use a device which will prevent
her from leaving the hive ? — N. S.

I prefer a good queen-trap. — G. L. Tinker.

Neither will prevent it. That is not the
reason we clip the queen's wing. — Eugene
Secor.

Neither plan would have any influence to
jsrevent swarming. As a convenience to
aid in hiving swarms, I prefer to clip the
queen's wing.— R. L. Taylor.

Neither of these will prevent swarming
in the least. If you wish no swarms, run
your apiai-y for extracted honey. Swarm-
ing and producing honey in sections go
together.— G. M. Doolittle.

Much depends on where the apiary is — if
the ground is infested with ants. I should
prefer the device to prevent her leaving
the hive, instead of clipping her wing. — J
P. H. Brown.

I like a modification of Alley's trap, that
allows the queen to pass up near the top of
the hive on the outside, and there remain
until the swarm can be hived.— J. M.
Shuck.

Neither one will prevent swarming.
Either of the above methods will work.
Some prefer to clip the queen's wing, while
others use a queen-trap ; but the great
majoi-ity just "let her rip."— H.D. Cutting.

Give sufficient room by expansion, to
accommodate the bees, and keep their
attention turned to storing honey. I do
not clip the queen's wings, or use any de-
vices.—J. M. Hambaugh.

Use hives giving to the queen at least
80,000 worker-cells, and add surplus
combs a little before the honey crop, add-
ing combs as needed. If you want your
queens killed, used a device to prevent
them from following the swarms.— Dadant

.SSON.

Neither one "is the best," and neither
will do it. Plenty of room given before the
swarming-impulse has begun, is the best
method I know of ; but every one of my
queens has one wing clipped, to prevent
them going oflE with a swarm.— A. B.
Mason.

Neither will prevent swarming. Both of
the above methods are a help in hiving
swarms, and in preventing them from
ab.sconding to the woods. — C. H. Dibbern.

Clipping the queen's wings will not pre-
vent swarming, but the queen can easily
be found in front of the hive when a swarm
issues. But why try to prevent swarming
— that is, a first swarm ? — Mrs.L.Harihson.

I would have my queens' wings clipped,
by all means, but it does not prevent
swarming, and I do not know anything
that is entirely satisfactory. Under some
circumstances, Alley's qiieen-trap would
be good.— C. C. Miller.

I do not believe in clipping wings, but
many do. I Vjelieve in a device to prevent
queens from leaving. Many do not. The
question is an open one, and localities may
so far differ as to cause a difference in
practice. Neither plan will work at all
times, but from the evidence so far, I think
that keeping queens from leaving hives is
the preferable plan.— J. E. Pond.

Neither will have any influence whatever
to prevent swarming, though either will
prevent the swarm from going to the
woods, at least until a young queen
hatches. If the queen be taken away, and
all queen-cells but one be destroyed,
swarming can be controlled. — M. Maiiin.

Clipping the queen's wing will not pre-
vent it. The clipping is only for conven-
ience and safety when they do swarm.
Neither is the confining of the queen ad-
visable— it does not prevent the fever or
desire which demoralizes the colony. — A.
J. Cook.

I say neither. The most profitable way
that I know of is to discourage swarming
all you can, and then take the best of care
of the swarms which issue, giving them
every opportunity possible. It is with bees
as with boys — it is better to get them not
to want to do wrong, than to be locking
them up and flogging them for doing
wrong. — James Heddon.

Neither of the methods you mention will
prevent swarming. Itis not the queen that
urges out the swarm. Bees will swarm
whether the queen can leave the hive or
not. The plan of clipping the wing of the
queen, and all devices to capture the queen
when a swarm issues, are only useful as
helps to lessen the labor of managing the
swarming nuisance. I prefer the plan of
clipping the wing of the queen, to any of
the devices yet brought to light. The
swarming desire must be satisfied, if bees
are expected to work and store honey. — G.
W. Demaree.

While both methods will assist iu the
management of an apiary, neither of them
will prevent swarming. — The Editor.

Xakiii^ oft' Snri>Iu»« Honey. —

Hody Hine, of Sedan, Ind., asks the follow-
ing question about taking off sections of
honey ;

When is the proper time to take off the
surplus honey sections, in order to give the
bees time to gather enough honey for win-
ter ? I have 3 colonies, but they have not
started comb iu the surplus honey-sections
yet, owing, I suppose, to the dry weather,
having had no rain for about three weeks,
until last night and to-day. — Hody Hine.

Mr. James Heddon, by request, replies to
the above letter as follows :

Here in this locality, which, I belieye, is
much like your own, I take off the surplus
receptacles only when I am thoroughly
satisfied that I shall get no more in them.
My bees always take care of the brood-
department ; that is, the storing of plenty
to last them through the winter, just the
same when the surplus honey- sections are
on as when they are off. My rule, at all
times of the year, is to get all the honey
possible in the surplus sections. If the sea-
son happens to turn in such a shape that
we find any of the colonies destitute of
winter stores, I feed them, but that rarely
happens. In your case, I would say, take
off the sections when you are satisfied the
bees will put nothing more in them — but
not before. — James Heddon.

Xlie Nainelo!<!> Bee-DiNea.se. — Mr.

E. F. Allen, of Eau Claire, Wis., on Aug. 3,
1890, sent us some diseased bees for ex-
amination, and wrote thus :

I have sent three bees from one hive ;
the black ones do not leave the hive — if
they do, they go about two feet, and then

back again, and the other bees kill a good
many of them, and have done so since
spring. There have been about two quarts
of them killed so far. What is the trouble
with them '; Will Prof. Cook please an-
swer in the Bee Journal ?— E. F. Allen.

Prof. Cook's reply to the above letter is
as follows :

The trouble with Mr. E. F. Allen's bees is
probably the " nameless bee-di.sease." This
is the way it acts. The remedy is to sep-
arate the queen. This is not uncommon,
and so it is no surprise that it has struck
Mr. A's apiary.

It may be that the bees are dying with
Tachina parasites(see Bee-Keepers' Guide).
I hardly think this the trouble, as it has
lasted too long. If the dead bees are care-
fully dissected, the maggots inside can be
seen, in case this is the trouble ; or, if the
bees are put in a box, the flies may be
reared.

In some cases bees act in the way men-
tioned, when pollen from milk-weed at-
taches to the legs. I hardly think this the
case with Mr. A's bees. They have shown
trouble too long, and Mr. A. would have
seen the pollen-masses. So I presume it to
be the nameless bee-disease, and would
advise killing the old queen, and introduc-
ing another.— A. J. Cook.

CLKJBHINC} LISX.

We CIul> the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the I.i AST
column. The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book ;

Price of both. Cluh,
The American Bee Journal II 00

and Gleaning-siu Bee-Culture 2 00 175

Bee-Keepers' Guide 150. ..140

Bee-Keepors' Review 150 140

The Apiculturist 175 165

Bee-Keepers' Advance 150 140

Canadian Bee Journal 2 00 ... 180

The 7 above-named papers 5 25 5 00

75

and Langstroth Revised (Dadaut) 3 00.

Cook's Manual (1887 edition) 2 25 2 00

Quinb5''s New Bee-Keeping. 2 50 2 25

Doolittle on Queen-Rearing. 2 00.... 175

Bees and Honey (Newman).. 2 00 175

Binderfor Am. Bee Journal. -1 60 1 50

Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth). 3 00 2 00

Root's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25 ... . 210

Farmer's Account Book 4 00 2 20

Western World Guide 150.... 130

Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150 140

A Year Amoug the Bees 1 50 1 35

Convention Hand-Book 150. .. 130

Weekly Inter-Ocean 2 00 175

Toronto Globe (weekly) 2 00.... 170

History of National Society. 150 125

American Poultry Journal.. 2 25 150

The Lever (Temperance) 2 00 175

Do not send to us for sample copies
of any other papers. Send for such to the
publishers of the. papers you want.

Hosters for the American Bee Journal,
printed in two colors, will be sent free to
all who can use them. They are handsome,
and will " set off " an exhibit at Fairs. It
will tell bee-keepers how to subscribe, for
"Subscriptions Received Here" is quite
prominent at the bottom.

We will also send sample copies of the
Bee Journal, for use at Fairs, if notified a
week or ten days in advance where to send
them.

550

T-H® mmMMi^Mm mmw j@wmifMi#.

HIVES.

Large or Small Hives in Hoiiey-
Prodiietioii — AVIilch i

Written for the American Bee Journal

BT CHAS. DADANT.

In his article on the above topic, on
page 216, Mr. Doolittle having written
that " with hirge hives, owing to the
poor economy of heat, the bees do not

begin breeding rapidly and that

most of the bees of such hives, hatch-
ing near the close of the harvest, be-
come consumers instead of gatherers^"
I answered (see page 325), showing
that the largest crop obtained bj- Mr.
Doolittle from a single hive — 566
pounds of extracted honey — was har-
vested by the bees of a very large hive
containing 32 combs.

In his answer, on page 505, Mr. D.
says that small hives are to be used
only when working for comb honey,
adding that I was not perfectly fair to
my readers, for I had not told them
that I work for extracted honey, and
that he is certain that I am ignorant
of the best hives and the best methods
of producing comb honey.

He forgets that I have been in the
bee-business in this country since 1863,
having begun about six years before
the invention of the extractor. Besides,
as extracted honey was, in the begin-
ning, difficult to sell at paj'ing figures,
my main crop, until about 15 3-ears
ago, was comb honey, produced at first
in the square Quinb}' glazed boxes,
supported Ijy T supers, then in the
Adair 3-pound sections, and, at last,
in the one and two pound sections,
such as the ones in use now. During
these progressive clianges, I had large
hives side by side with the 10-frame
Langslroth, and every year the results
proved in favor of the large hives. I
continued to produce partly comb
honey until about six or seven years
ago, when, looking for less work and
more profit, I determined to produce
only extracted honey.

Mr. Doolittle says, also : "When it
comes to extracted honey, we want
large hives, every time." Will Mr.
Doolittle please explain such a difler-
ence ? I cannot understand it. If a
colony of bees in a large hive cannot
economize heat to rear honey-gatherers
in time to gather comb honey from the
white clover crop, how can the same
colony, in the same hive, rear gather-
ers in time to get a crop of extracted
honey from the same flower ?

I cannot see why I take the trouble
of writing all the foregoing, since Mr.

Doolittle himself gives the proof of the
superiority of large hives, even when
working for comb honej', when com-
pared to small ones ; and I cannot un-
derstand why he was not convinced by
his own experiment.

He writes, on page 505, that the
colony which gave him 566 pounds of
extracted honey had about 15 frames
filled with brood, and that another
colony, of abotit equal strength, gave
him 309 pounds of comb honey.
Of course this last colony could not be
about as stro7ig as the first one unless it
had also about 15 combs full of brood,
besides the comb, containing honey
and pollen ; for no bee-keeper would
believe that a colony having but 8
combs of brood (see page 216) can
have as many bees as another having
15 combs tilled with young bj' the
queen. Then these 309 pounds of
comb honey were the product, not of a
small, but of a large hive, and I won-
der why, after sucli a result, Mr. D.
can be a partisan of nine-Gallup-
frame hives, even for producing comb
honey.

Mr. Doolittle adds that the reason
why he prefers to produce comb honej-
instead of extracted, came from the
fact that Ids 566 pounds of extracted
honey brought $16.72 less than the 309
pounds of comb honey. It was about
15 years ago, but times have changed ;
everybody knows that now good ex-
tracted honej' sells always for more
than half the price of comb honey. Mr.
Root, in his paper for Oct. 1, 1889,
oftered for sale wliite comb honey in
20-pound crates at 16 cents a pound,
and extracted in 60-pound cans at 10
cents ; at such prices, the 309 pounds
of comb honey would have brought to
Mr. Doolittle $49.44, and the 566
pounds, $56.60, or $7.16 more.

Of course, Mr. Doolittle, in his arti-
cles, tries to benefit his readers ; I
hope that he will pardon me for my
criticisms, for I try to do the same, in
pointing out those of his ideas that 1
consider unsound, letting the readers
draw their own conclusions.

Hamilton, Ills.

HONEY.

Its Great Value a§ Food and
medicine.

Written for the Iowa Homestead

BY W. M. BOMBERGER.

The wholesale and extensive con-
sumption of sugar as a saccharine
food in a pure state, or when entrusted
to the art of the kitchen, is deleterious
to the health. In the preparations of
food for the table, and when the selec-
tion is left to the individual, who gives
no thought to health, food, and its

selection is prepared with reference to
the palate, and a pandering to the
taste. If hunger in all cases was a
healthy craving, and foods were prop-
erly prepared, this would be all right.
But it is not — not iu the majority of
cases.

If the kitchen could return sugar
into the same conditions when in cane
and beets, and when eating our palat-
able dishes we could eat it so mingled
in bulk foods, it would be all right and
good. The adult or child that goes to
tlie extreme, or is considered too nice
to eat anj-thing else than cake, is or
will be the physician's charge as much
as the all-corn-fed porker or suckling
will need cholera medicine.

Extensive use of sugar on fruits is
not as bad as the cake and cooky
mania that rages in so many kitchens.
The fruit acids largely neutralize the
indiscriminate and injudicious use of
sugar. It is no serious thing to eat
considerable saccharine food in a pure
state, but not in the form of pure re-
fined sugar.

If eaten and taken in the form of
honey, it at once becomes a valuable
medicine food. Instead of having it
given us in this form in a mixture with
bulk foods, as in the cane and beet,
we have it mingled with fruit juices
exuded from flowers, highly charged
with medicinal properties iu the
alchemy of nature, and the apothecary
of the bee-hive.

The advantages of honey as a medi-
cine or food are too extensive to be
considered at length here. Honey~^
taken as a food becomes a powerful
medicine to the sugar-fed and half-
diseased, and many must begin on
small quantities and acquire an appe-
tite for it. Many declare against it,
although they like it, but claim that it
does not agree with them. In these
cases the person either pursues an im-
proper diet, or eats one or two pounds
at the first sitting, before being accus-
tomed to it, and maj- be eats raw, un-
ripe honey.

Honey I consider a cold-weather
food. During the hot weather we get
sufficient saccharine food by sugaring
acid fruits in early summer. In late
summer and early fall the toothsome
grape and the delicious summer and
fall apple furnish sufficient ; but when
these are gone, and cool weather sets
in, and meats and fats are consumed
in large quantities, fine, well-ripened
clover, linden or buckwheat honey is a
fine corrective and laxative.

Because of the expensiveness of
lumber, most farmers in the West live
in houses that are small, close and
covered, that cannot be properly ven-
tilated. In these the temperature is
too often kept up into the nineties by

XH® m^mmmicKU mm,m 3&wm.mRi^.

551

a soft-coal stove, whicli with the best
of draughts, emits gases.

Foul air, improper ventilation, coal
gases, together veith the sudden change
and exposure of lungs and throat to
zero weather, or worse, in a moment, is
the source to no end of throat and
bronchial troubles. A free, regular
and constant use of honey is probabl}'
the best medicine for throat troubles
there is, and its regular use would be
largely corrective here. It is always
best to take our medicine and food to-
gether.

Harlan, Iowa.

FOUL BROOD.

Why it Required Liegi§iative
Action in Canada.

Read at the Oxford, Ont, Convention

BY J. E. FKITH.

My object is not to wi'ite a scientific
article on foul brood, but to give such
facts as every one may understand and
have clearer conceptions as to the
passage of the recent Bill by the On-
tario Legislature, dealing with the
contagious disease among bees, known
as foul brood, or perhaps, more prop-
erly " bacillus alveus."

Foul brood is by no means a new
disease. It has existed in all ages.
We read of its attacks upon apiaries
long before America was known to
civilization, ages before old England
was thought of, or the Christian era
established. The facilities of convey-
ing knowledge at the present time in-
forms us that foul brood is doing its
deadly work in all countries where
bees are kept. Here and there, all
over the continent, whole apiaries are
being swept out of existence, even
whole districts succumb to its fearful
ravages, and yet 90 per cent.of the bee-
keepers throughout the countrj' do not
seem to realize the consequences to the
bee-industry.

Lit a contagious disease appear
among cattle, sweep off 50 cows for
some farmer, pass on to the next and
kill 10, to another and a hundred are
worse than useless, and so on for a
radius of a dozen miles. How would
the disaster affect dairymen ? How
much greater would the calamity ap-
pear, be, were the disease raging in
50 localities throughout Ontario, and
this is exactly the bee-keepers' position
to-day. Foul brood is more or less
undermining the bee-industry of On-
tario. Whole apiaries have gone un-
der, and in some cases the bee-keeper
has been forced into bankruptcy. The
disease is far more prevalent than
most people are aware of.

Young bee-keepers, and old ones
too, are slow "to own up," hence

their neighbors become victims to its
deadly doings liefore they have even
dreamed of its existence in their
vicinity. This should not be, never-
theless it is a fact. Large bee-keepers
all over the land are " hauling in sail"
for fear of the subtle storm. Had open
frankness existed along this line, many
an ably equipped and successful api-
ary to-day would have been remunerat-
ing hard toil. Every bee-keeper ought
to throw out the danger light. Every
bee-keeper does not do it, and every
bee-man will not do it, until compelled
to by " a whip to keep a coward to his
track." I will illustrate by one fact,
for "facts be stubborn things."

An honest man, for so he is called,
rushes into the bee-business, without
at all acquainting himself with its
" ups and downs," its " cloud and sun-
shine," much less with its scientific and
practical working. His grand-dad had
bees, and he heard a lot at a meeting,
didn't pay for it either, and read some
more in a paper, and saw some honey
at a store in cakes, and knows a
"heap o' things." This bee-keeper
boomed along by the old swarming
method until he had fifty or more col-
onies. He gets some more knowledge,
and must have a queen. "Cheapest
best" (?), antl despite every warning,
makes the contemplated improvement,
fi-om a foul-broody district, of course.

Two yfears. or thereabouts. Neigh-
bor Caution, on making enquiries re-
garding his friend Know Much's api-
arian success, finds that the booming
apiar_y had collapsed with foul bi'ood,
and the proprietor was sorry to ad-
mit it. This actually took place with-
in two miles of a flourishing^piary of
over one hundred colonies. On close
examination it was found that 40 per
cent, of the apiary was affected, and
that all the bees for miles around were
dying from some cause. Three hun-
dred colonies went under. Why ? Just
because the "red light" was not
thrown out in time.

This thing is being repeated in more
than one place in this province. This
illustration shows up but one class, the
most dangerous of all. We do not
wish to illustrate the every-man-for-
himself man, who, to close his accounts
in balance, dispo.sed of his bees at his
neighbor's cost ; or the misery-loves-
company man, who allows his neigh-
bor's bees to get the disease without
warning him of the danger, or the
absolutely selfish and jealous man, who
throws diseased combs into his neigh-
bor's bee-yard.

We know a man who sat at the en-
trance of his worn-out colony of blacks
and vindicatively killed "them 'ere
Hitalians of Joneses what's bin a rob-
bin' on of his honey." The joke in this
turned on himself, for he destroyed

his hybrid colony, mistaking them for
Italians. It is the spirit of the action.
He did not throw foul brood into your
bee-yard ! He'd do it everj-time.
Fortunately this class is few. Without
more, danger lurks around, and to
protect honest bee-masters, it was
necessary to hedge them around, and
to say by law, " hitherto shalt thou
come, but no further."

Thougli it be not mj' province in this
article to discuss fully the many ex-
citing theories regarding foul brood or
its origin, yet it appears quite neces-
sary at this juncture to ask and an-
swer the question, "What is foul
brood ?" From scientific and practi-
cal observations and researches tlie
name bacilus alvetts has been applied
to the disease. The term means a
hollow stick or hair, or, in plural form,
sticks or hairs with or without a seed
or berry on the end, which appear to
be very rudimentary in foul brood.

A good illustration of bacillus would
be thistle down, dandelion seed, bur-
dock seed, or beggar-lice. When ap-
plied to foul brood, there appears to
be but one stick or hair, but having
the power of adhering to any and
every thing. Hence the disease is very
contagious. Those "wee" (for they
are so exceedingly small that thousands
of them can adhere to the point of a
cambric needle) seeds may be, and are
conveyed in many ways. They adhere
to anj'thing, float in any congenial
liquid, and fly by means of the hollow
hair or hairs, upon the " wings of the
wind."

These little seeds, when dormant or
ripe, are partially carried out by the
bees and distributed long distances by
the wind on flowers, or at the en-
trance of other hives, and thence car-
ried by unwary workers to their
homes, there to repeat its destruction.
Some of the seed adheres to the walls
of the cell, and young larvse born then
die, or rather are eaten up. Bees
manipulating this disease carry some
of the sticks to other cells. So the
contagion goes on. It can be and is
carried in a hundred waj's. The most
prolific source of contagion being by
honey, in which the sticks float with
amazing ease.

The disease is highly malignant be-
cause it is " hostile to life," in fact, it
is fatal. It is now an undisputed fact,
that a larva attacked by this insect,
seed, germ, or whatever it may be,
cei'tainly dies, is eaten up, and eon-
verted into a thousand other animal-
cules, some say a billion, just as a
farmer converts corn into beef and
pork, grass into milk and butter, or
hay and feed into otlier animals. Let
us magnify. Turn a pair of wolves
into a sheep-fold. If left to " nature's
course," the5' will eat up the sheep.

552

T'Mm m^mmmi^mm Mm^ j@ipkimmiu.

reproduce themselves, go to the next
fold and repeat, and so on. Death to
the sheep, certain death. The phe-
nomenon is easy of solution. A similar
process goes on with infinitesimally
small foul broods. We simply see the
results — death to larval bees.

I take strong grounds against the
expressed views that there is incipient
or mild type of foul brood. I expect
to step on " corned " theories. If they
hurt, kick. An incipient or mild type
of wolf, lion, tiger, hawk, eagle, Can-
ada thistle, hay cholera, small-pox,
etc. ! Surely the idea is ideal. We
would like to see a sample. If you
liave a pair, so to speak, of foul brood,
death is in the cell. You simply have
a little, and if not eradicated, you very
soon will have much.

One germ is as malignant as a
million. It is only by the difl'ereuce in
numbers — quantity. The less the num-
ber or quantity, the less slowly con-
tagion goes on ; the greater the
number, the more rapid and more
violent the contagion. One seed or
pair of seeds attack a larva. A very
short time, and millions are produced.
One larva is eaten up, a thousand
"seeds find a lodging place, and a
thousand bees go the way of all liv-
ing." Death of one, and death of a
thousand, that is all ! It is malign !
It is death, all the same !

In order to correct a few false ideas,
which have a specific bearing upon the
requirement of legislation, I will en-
deavor to make clear the origin of
foul brood. Where is or was the be-
ginning or origin of anything, either
animal or vegetable ? Foul brood cer-
tainly belongs to one of the great king-
doms of life. It is not a chemical
process. In the beginning, etc., and
again everything brought forth seed
after its kind. It simply had its origin
away back in the ages.

It was, like every other living thing,
created bj- a superior intelligence, and
like everj' other living thing, it has
been endowed with reproducing facul-
ties. All that is needed is that the
seed take root in some appropriate soil
or congenial atmosphere. Decapitated
drones, filthy hives, and such things
have nothing to do with the matter.
Wh}' not rats, mice, vermin, etc.,
spring up in existence in similar wajs?
Cut oif the lieads of bulls and rams,
and men will spring spontaneously
into being. Fill the valleys with filth
and loolv for noble herds to come forth.
Nonsense ! Put the seed into the
ground and harvest will be sure ; the
male and female into tlie herd, and
the cattle upon a tliousand hills appear,
the seed germ, or whatever it is, male
and female, into a clean, pure, Avhite,
sweet, young bee, and millions of foul
lirood are born in a daj'. Foul brood

beings do not like filth. They want
just a living, juicy bee or similar food,
and tlie work goes on.

Can the disease be cured, is the
critical question of the day ? Yes.
Why is it not generally and satisfac-
torily done ? Why are not all the
rattle-snakes in America killed, the
cobras of Asia, the lions of the jungle,
the rabbits of Australia, or sharks of
the sea ? A lion can be shot if seen,
or poisoned if persuaded to take bait.
If either cannot be done, a thousand
shots fired into a jungle may not take
eftect. A rattle-snake come in con-
tact with may be killed, but all the
sticks and stones hurled at the rocks
will not reach those in its crevices and
holes. Foul brood can hide in the
holes and crevices of bee-cells, and in
the forests of growth upon their walls
•as safely from all the drops of acid or
other missiles that may be fired at them.
Many may be, and are killed, but some
escape, live and reproduce.

Once in awhile a bee-keeper may,
and does, succeed in arresting the dis-
ease, but it is under very favorable cir-
cumstances that it can be successfully
accomplished. It is doubtful if there
be a method in existence that will
work satisfactorily in anything like a
maximum percentage of cases under
all circumstances. I have tried the
best known methods. They cure, but
in circumstances similar to ours, the
cure about equals the loss by disease
in cost. Were I again to be similarly
placed, the most perfect of all purifiers,
fire, will do the work of curing. It is
the simplest, quickest and best in the
long run.

These facts, merely hinted at, car-
ried out in practical detail, have led a
goodly number of our best and most
successful bee-men to put forth eilbrt
in securing legislation. These facts
laid before our legislators, aroused
their sympathies toward an honest and
profitable industry, and to-day the
business has its first protecting bar-
rier. The Bill may be severe. If any
one should lose one to five thousand
dollars through the wanton abuse of
privilege, would they say so ? Own
up. Be honest for once, and fall in
line. Magnify our law and give to
the world, to our neighbor, the purest,
cleanest, highest, healthiest bees in
existence.

Woodstock, Ont.

BROOD-COMBS.

The Proper Distance to Space
Combs in the Hive.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY BEV. W. P. FAYLOR.

Itce-Ueepins: tor Profit, by Dr.

G. L. Tinker, is a new 50-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management iu producing comb and
extracted honey, and the consti-uction of
the hive best adapted to it — his "Nonpareil."
The book can be had at this office for 25
cents.

The article from Mr. Z. T. Hawk, on
page 487, calls me out again. He
seems to think that bees of their own
accord build their combs in hollow
trees and box-hives, IJ inches from
centre to centre ; but what are the
facts in the case ? Observation and
experience both prove that this is not
exact. In my former communication,
I said that bees build all the main
combs not less thas IJ- inches from
centre to centre ; and they usually
average the distance much more than
this.

I have just recently transferred 5
colonies of bees from box-hives, and
knocked the tops oft' of two more to
get some honey for a neighbor. Many
of these combs were as far as 2 inches
from centre to centre, and the nearest
I found an}' of the brood-combs from
centre to centre was If inches. It will
be readily understood why bees in box-
hives come out so strong in the spring.
Thej' thus have room to cluster in
goodly numbers together, with plenty
of stores all through the winter just
above their little heads.

Where bees are wintered on combs
closely spaced, the.}' soon consume the
honey in the middle of the hive, and
must run back and forth to the outside
combs to get food, to the inside of the
cluster. This worries them, and hence
shortens their lives.

Mr. Hawk says : "When bees are
wintered in chafi" hives or the cellar,
this matter of close or wide spacing
cuts a very insignificant figure." I
admit that the difference in wintering
would not be so great, but is it not a
fact that not more than one colony of
bees out of a hundred, and possibly
not more than one out of every thou-
sand, ever see the inside of a chaff hive
at all ?

Again, Mr. Hawk ti-ies to make a
point for close spacing, from the
" bulging theory." If the bees are left
to care for themselves, no matter how
wide or close frames are spaced, they
will widen out some combs more than
others. It is the business of the bee-
keeper to notice iu the .start what
newly-hived swarms are " up to," and
how they build their combs. I have
not a single comb in my whole apiary
but what can be changed for any other,
and will fit between any two combs iu
the yard, without being shaved oft',
either.

Mr. Hawk further asserts that when
a cell is once lengthened, the bees

T'MM MMSMICATf MMW J&WRMRl^.

553

never shorten it again. I wonder that
any bee-man would take such a posi-
tion. I have combs at present that are
filled with brood from bottom to top,
that last winter were widened consid-
erably. Many a time 1 have found
the combs in box-hives tilled with
brood from bottom to top, and cer-
tainl}- others have observed the same
thing, and the extra length of cells is
made use of for capping the brood. I
do not blame the bees for not wanting
to put brood in combs that are so close
together that enough bees cannot get
over the cells to keep the brood warm.
They are sensible little creatures, and
know what they are about.

But again, Mr. Hawk thinks that
bees are slower to enter the sections
when combs are spaced IJ inches
from centre to centre. Last season
Dr. Johnson kept an apiar3' within 30
rods of my bees, and all his hives had
the brood-frames spaced 1| inches
from centre to centre. We had about
an equal number of colonies of about
the same color and " blood." Mr.
Johnson understands the business,
too, and yet my bees beat his to the
amount of 59 pounds to the colony, in
storing surplus honey. My hives were
all eight-frame, and his were partlj'
ten-frame.

When combs are spaced far enough
apart to give ventilated passage-wa3's
to upper stories, bees ai'e not so apt to
lounge about the outside of their hives,
and prefer the sections to the outer
surface.

Let it be remembered that combs
spaced 1,V inches from centre to centre,
is not a wide spacing, onlj- a medium
spacing. Any spacing closer than IJ
inches, I regard as close spacing.

St. Bernice, Ind.

CARNIOLANS.

my E.xperiencc with tliein Diir-
ins Three Seasons.

Written for the Pacific Rural Press

BY S. L. WATKINS.

As I have had considerable experi-
,,ace with this race of bees during the
last three seasons, a few items con-
cerning them may be interesting and
valuable to your many readers. I will
first state that I have no bees of this
race for sale.

The average Carniolan, as I find
them, are about the most easily hand-
led of anj' race of bees, although when
crossed with the Italians, they are a
little more irritable ; but for an all-
purpose bee, I should prefer a cross
between the Carniolan and Italian.

As regards their working capabili-
ties, tliey are superior to any other I

race. They go to work earlier in the
morning, and tliis sometimes counts a
good deal when they are working on
plants that yield honey only early in
the morning. Another good point in
their favor is that they are longer lived
than the average bee, thus making
them a desirable acquisition to bee-
keepers located in cold and uncertain
climates, where they are confined so
long in winter time.

Carniolan bees are not given to rob-
bing to any extent, and are vigorous
defenders of their hive. The queens of
this race are quite variable, some be-
ing of a beautiful lemon color, and
again others that could not be told
from the average black queen ; yet all
produce workers of the same typical
characteristics.

The variation in color of the Carnio-
lan queens is no indication that the
race is not pure, as the uniformity in
color of any race is accomplished only
by the breeder.

All the young queens of the Carnio-
lan race produce bees more or less
banded. They become more uniform
in color, as the age of the queen ad-
vances.

Carniolan bees are characteristic by
a scarcely dislinguishable shade of
yellow on the first segment of the ab-
domen, and then follow several broad,
silvery bands, giving the bees a beau-
tiful silvery appearance. Their wings
also are of a glossy, silvery brightness.
Queens of this race are exceedingly
prolific, and this accounts for their
great propensity to swarm ; but when
handled rightly and given plenty of
room, this is overcome to a great ex-
tent.

Carniolans after being crossed with
other races, continue their prolificness
for several generations afterward. As
they possess several virtues of their
own, and most of the desirable charac-
teristics possessed by other races, they
are indeed a valuable race to cross
with. These bees being natives of a
cold and windy climate, and being
restricted to short forage in certain
seasons, they have naturally solidified
themselves into a very hardy race. I
have received several letters from
Northern California apiarists, who
speak highly of their hardiness, good
wintering qualities, etc. In the higher
Sierras the bees last winter were cov-
ered with from 5 to 25 feet of snow,
and in some places they did not have a
fly-spell for three months. One man
writes from Sierra county that out of
54 colonies he has only 12 left. All of
these 12 are t'aruiolans, and they came
through briglit and strong. He lost
all of his Italians and blacks.

The Carniolan race of bees cap the
cells of their combs with wax of snowy
whiteness — in fact, combs and all are

exceedingly white, more so than combs
built by any other race of bees. In
this matter of white-comb building, it
counts a great deal in the eyes of the
bee-keeper.

They gather very little propolis, thus
leaving the frames easy to handle, and
the sections a pleasure to take oil', as
they are as clean as when they were
put on.

I used to be annoj'ed considerably
by robbing when I kept nothing but
[talians — sometimes it was almost iin-
controUable ; but when I got the Car-
niolan race pretty well introduced, I
had hardly any trouble with robljers.

I am fully convinced that this race
of bees possesses very desirable char-
acteristics as regards very white-comb
building, gentleness, prolificness, and
non-robbing disposition. It is my
opinion that ia the near future they
will play a prominent part in apiaries
where Italians are now the favorites.
In this part of California they have
proved a valuable race.

Grizzly Flats, Calif.

GRANULATION.

The Importance of Oranulatcd
Honey in Prcniiuni-Lisls.

Written Jor the American Bee Journal

BY R. F. HOLTERMANN.

The premium-lists of some of the
leading exhibitions in America have
given me a thought which I think
should be recorded for the benefit of
bee-keepers. An article in the Bee-
Keejjers^ Review, by Chas. Dadant, con-
firms that opinion. What are we doing
to educate the public to look upon
granulated honey as pure lioney ?
Very little is certainly being done by
our exhibitions, when the term granu-
lated honey is not even mentioned in
the premium-list.

If granulated honey could be found
in the list, many could take advantage
of the circumstance, and show that
honey granulated solid must be a gen-
uine article, or a premium would not
be given for it. Let every one use
what influence he may have, to see
this matter remedied. There must be
no relaxation in the matter, and the
display of granulated honey is more
necessary than that of honey-bearing
plants, honey-vinegar, honey-cakes,
etc.

We cannot altogether prevent the
granulation of honey. By that I mean,
no matter how much we show how
granulation may be prevented, and no
matter how much we may exert our-
selves to get others to prevent it, honey
will be allowed to granulate, and for
this reason we may as well educate

554

Ttrnm mmMMi^mn bb® j@>«imimmil.

the public to the facts of the matter,
and saj', "Honey will granulate ;" and
this is no proof that it is impure —
rather that it is pure, although all pure
honey niaj- not granulate.

As far as my tastes are concerned, I
eat it when I can, every day of the
year, and no bee-keeper need be
afraid to place honey before me. I
like it granulated fully as well as when
re-liquitied, and I believe that I like it
granulated as well as liquified before
granulation ; and I practice just what
I preach in the matter when 1 say that
honey is a wholesome fpod, nourishing,
healthful to the bulk of mankind as
any ordinary food ; cheap.fora dollar's
worth of honey has more food in it
than a dollar's worth of our oi'dinarj'
fruits which we can. A can of fruit
must the greater part of the year be
consumed shortly- after opening ; honey
is not so, for it can be kept in a dry
atmosphere for any length of time, and
still remain a good article of food.

Romnej', Ont.

GOING HOME.

Bees

and Inscot§ Finding
Way Home.

their

Translated from the Kolnische Zeituncj.

It is well known that the common
honey-bee often visits places many
kilometres distant from its parent col-
ony. One finds the insect, for in-
stance, in rape fields, and upon moors
miles awaj' from anj- apiary. In such
cases they do not show any signs of
having lost their way, but on the con-
trary, wlien they have collected their
load, fly off without hesitation in a
fixed direction clearly towards their
home, and upon their arrival thoy
make no mistake about the hive to
which they belong, but each individual
lands upon the alighting-board of its
proper dwelling. These and similar
facts give rise to the interesting ipies-
tion — Do the far-flying insect possess
a peculiarly instinctively operating
sense of locality, or do they direct their
course, as others do, by means of land-
marks with which they have gradually
become acquainted ?

The partisans of the blind-instinct
theory have always been inclined to
decide in favor »l this peculiar sense of
locality, and one of the most zealous
of these, Fabre, believes that he lias
supported his views by actual trials
made. Retook ten bees of tlie genus
Chalicodoma, which were established
in the vicinity of his house, marked
them with a white spot on the back,
and put them in a bag. He carried
them half a kilometre away to the east,
swung the bag repeatedly and rapidly

round his head, went then towards the
west the bag being closed all the time,
and carried his prisoners in that direc-
tion vmtil they were three kilometres
(about two miles) distant from their
nest. Here they were again twirled
around, and then separately liberated.
Thej' flew around him a few times, and
disappeared "in the direction of their
home." Fabre's daughter was there
in waiting, and noted the arrival of
the bees. The first appeared after the
lapse of a quarter of an hour, two
more in the course of the next hour ;
seven did not return at all.

On the following day the trial was
repeated ; the first bee arrived after
five minutes, two more within an hour,
and again seven remained out. Bj'
various repetitions of the experiment,
in which the insects were conveyed by
roundabout ways to the place of lib-
eration, the same average results were
obtained. About one-third of the bees
found their way home in periods vary-
ing from a few minutes to a few hours;
the rest did not return. " The trial,"
says Fabre, " is decisive ; neither the
complicated whiling movements, nor
the artificial roundabout ways can con-
fuse the Chalicodomas, or prevent
them from finding their nest." He
concludes accordingly that the animals
are guided by a special sense of
locality.

If the trials, however, are closely
examined, they will be found to prove
directly the contrary of that which
their originators would gather from
them. If a direct-acting instinct be
assumed, then it should show itself
equally in all the bees, and not only a
third part, but the whole number of
the liberated bees should find their
way home, with exception perhaps of
very few that might possibly meet with
some accident in a flight of a few kilo-
metres. Jt would be inconceivable that
two-thirds should remain out.

This is, however, quite comprehen-
sible, if we assume that the bees do
not at first know whether they should
fly. In that case they will disperse in
ail possible directions ; the one-half
will fly so that from the start they go
only further from the nest, and these
become lost ; of the other half, a small
portion fly almost directly towards
their nest, arrive soon in a neighbor-
hood known to them, take their bear-
ings, and arrive home in a few min-
utes ; the others fly in an intermediate
direction, and make excursions here
and there. A portion are lucky, come
to some known spot, and so find their
way home, but only after hours of
search ; the others are not so fortunate,
and are consequently lost.

This is exactly the state of things
shown by Fabre's experiment insects,
and liis results therefore tend to show

that the Chalicodomas in fact could
only find their way home when chance
had brought them to a place known to
them from previous flights. This is
also in accordance with their manner
of starting when liberated ; they fly
first upwards in circles, like carrier-
pigeons that wish to obtain a general
view of the surrounding neighborhood.
Fabre's statement that his bees after
making a few rounds all flew in the
homeward direction is doubtful to him-
self ; he makes it with reservation, and
it cannot be correct, for in that case so
many of his insects could not have
been lost. Even those that did arrive
home would then have had no cause to
remain out for hours.

The two English naturalists.Lubbock
and Romanes, have made similar ex-
periments, the first with ants, the lat-
ter with bees, and both have arrived at
results which plainly contradict the
instinct theory. Lubbock set a glass
full of honey near an ant's nest, and
after a number of auts had climbed
into it, he carried it carefully on to a
board which was placed in the first
experiment only IS inches, and in the
second 50 yards distant from the nest.
The ants now missed their usual means
of guarding their course — the retrac-
ing of their own foot-track — and
showed that they were confused. They
left the board in every possible direc-
tion. From the trifling distance of 18
inches they found their way back to
the nest, but only after long wander-
ings about, and when chance brought
them into its close vicinity ; but in the
distance of 50 yards they were hope-
lessly lost.

Romanes brought bees into a house
in the neighborhood of the sea. To
both sides of the house were extensive
flower beds, but between the house
and the sea lay 200 metres of meadow
land. It was therefore to be assumcil
that the bees, if they diverted their
course by ordinary means, would soon
become acquainted with the neighbor-
hood on each side of the house ; in the
direction towards the sea, however,
they had nothing to look for, as the
meadows offered nothing useful to
them. A bee-hive was fixed up in a
room in the house, and time was al-
lowed for the insects to become ac-
quainted with the neighborhood.

At night time the window and the
entrance to the hive were closed ; in
the morning the desired number of
bees were let out of the hive, caught
on the window-panes, and counted
into a box. The alighting-board of
the hive was then brushed over with
bird-lime, so that every bee returning
to the hive would be at once stuck fast
and kept for examination. When the
imprisoned bees were liberated on the
flower-beds, they were regularly found

'^mm m^mmmicmn mmm j&uRnmiL.

555

after a few minutes stuck upon the
alighting-board ; but when they were
brought to the seashore, not one came
back.

More than this, when Romanes lib-
erated the insects on the meadow, only
200 yards distant from the house, not
a single one found its way home,
whilst a similar distance over the
flower garden was so quickly covered
that the observer would find the bees
already sticking to the aligliting-board,
no matter how quickly he would run
back to the house himself. Herewith
then it is clearly shown that the bees
found themselves at home wherever
and because they were acquainted with
the locality by previous visits, whereas
there, where they had no previous
knowledge, on the meadows and on
the seashore, every means of directing
their course failed them. They guided
themselves therefore bj' means of pre-
viously-gained experience, just as car-
rier-pigeons and as men do.

After adducing other instances of
the manner in which some non-gregari-
ous bees and wasps find their way to
their nests built in the ground, or in
sand-hills, or iu empty snail-shells, and
their proceedings when attempts are
made to puzzle them by shifting their
landmarks, the writer concludes as
follows :

"Viewed in this manner, the powers
of guidance of the insects loses much
of its marvelous character, but it be-
comes only so much the more interest-
ing. We see bow the animal, simply
by a sensible use of its natural re-
sources, accomplishes things which at
first sight appear difficult of explana-
tion even to our so much more devel-
oped powers."

COIVVEMTIOIV DIRECTORY.

noolittle on Qiieen-Rearfngf.

Queens can be reared iu the upper stories
of hives used for extracted houey, where a
queen-excluding honey-board is used, which
are as good, if not superior, to Queens
reared by any other process ; and that, too,
while the old Queen is doing duty below,
just the same as though Queens were not
being reared above. This is a fact, though
it is not generally known.

If you desire to know how this can be
done — how to have Queens fertilized in up-
per stories, while the old Queen is laying
below — how you may safely Introduce any
Queen, at any time of the year when bees
cay fly — all about the difl'erent races of
bees — all about shipping Queens, queen-
cages, candy for queeu-cages, etc. — all
about forming nuclei, multiplying or unit-
ing bees, or weak colonies, etc.; or, in fact
everything about, the queen-business which
you may want to know, send for " Doolit-
tle's Scientific Queen-Rearing;" a book of
170 pages, which is nicely bound in cloth,
and as interesting as a story. Price, $1.00.

1890. Tbnc and place of meelbyj-

Aug. 19.— Northern IllinoiB, at Harlem. Ills.

D. A. Kuller, Sec, Cherry Valley, Ills.

Aug. 29.— Haldlmantl, nt South Cayuga, Out.

B. C. Campbell, Sec, Cayuga, Out.

Sept. 10.~Ionia County, at Ionia, Mich.

H. Smith. Sec, Ionia. Mich.

Oct. 29-31.— International American, at Keokuk, la.

C. P. Dadant, Sec, Hamilton, Ills.

Oct.— Missouri State, at Mexico. Mo.

J. W. Rouse, Sec. Santa Fe. Mo.

In order to have this table complete.

Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — The Editor.

International Bee-Association.

President— Hon. R. L. Taylor.. Lapeer, Mich.
Secretary- C. P. Dadant Hamilton, Ills.

ITational Bee-Keepers' Union.

President— James Heddon ..Dowag-iac, Mich.
Sec'y. and Manaoer— T. G. Newman, Chicago.

Reversiljle rranie— Honey Crop.

I send by this mail a sample of a simple
device for reversible frames. By attach-
ing one on each corner of the frames, they
can be quickly and easily reversed. I do
not know whethei" it is new or old.

The hone3' crop in Southern Indiana
failed to " pan out," as was expected in
early spring. White clover was never more
abundant, aud the promise of an abundant
harvest was cut short by the dry weather,
600 pounds of comb and 200 pounds of
extracted was the sum total of my crop
from 18 colonies. I get 20 cents per pound
for all the comb honey I have to sell, in my
home market. W. C. R. Kemp.

Orleans, Ind., Aug. 1, 1890.

[The device for reversing frames is a
piece of tin bent over the ends of the frame,
with a slot and screw, allowing it to project
at will. We have several in our Museum
made on the same principle — so that it is
not new. — Ed.]

Ree-Keeping; in Australia.

No doubt the readers of the Bee Journal
will be surprised to receive a letter from
this part of the globe ; however, it will let
them know that we are not quite "dead"
in the bee-keepiug line out here. I am a
member of the Hunter River Bee-Keepers'
Association, of New South Wales — the only
association iu the country towns that I
know of. Through it I have received sev-
eral copies of the American Bee Journal,
and I must admit that I have been greatly
instructed bj' reading them.

We have only one bee-paper in the colo-
nies, or rather New Zealand, and that is
the Austmlof'idii Bee Journal, published
once a mouth at Auckland, and edited by
Mr. Isaac Hopkins — one of the foremost
men in bee-culture in the Southern Hemi-
sphere. Lately, however, that periodical
has been incorporated with the New Zea-
land Farmer, which now appears as the
New Zealand Farmer, Bee and Poultry
Journal. 1 think that more space will now
be available tor apicultural items.

In reading the American Bee Journal,
one out here cannot but be impressed with

the amount of trouble American bee keep-
ers have in wintering bees. It is the mid-
dle of winter with us now, and yet every
fine day my bees are carrying in pollen.
Why, to see snow once in ten years on the
mountains, in this locality, is something
out of the common, and, as regards frosts,
we but seldom see ice. It will thus be seen
what a mild climate we have. White
clover and basswood, or linden, seem to be
your chief sources of honey. We have the
far-famed eucalyptus trees, which are of
great value to the bees. Then alfalfa, or
lucerne, thrives well here ; also hoarhound,
and many other plants ; but the climate is
rather too hot for white clover and bass-
wood. We have no other than black bees
here, but there are plenty of Italians in the
colony, and ne.xt spring I hope to intro-
duce them. As far as I know there are uo
Syrian, Carniolan or Cyprian bees in this
Colony. Bee-keeping is only in its infancy
here, but in the course of a few years I
expect it to take great strides.

W. Shaw.
Mudgee.New South Wales, July 11,1890.

A Dry Outlook for Apiarists.

The honey crop here is almost an entire
failure. The intensely hot, dry days of the
past week, have pretty effectually killed
the clover. It is a very dry outlook for
beekeepers here. C. H. Dibbern.

Milan, Ills., Aug. 4,1890.

Ready for tlie Fall Crop.

Bees had a very poor spring this year,
but got a little honey in June — just enough
to create some swarming. I now have
located in my home apiary 1,000 colonies
of bees, and all are in fine condition for the
fall crop of houey. E. Stahl.

Kenner, La., Aug. 1, 1890.

Slim Crop of Poor Honey.

The honey crop hereabouts will be very
slim this fall.and the houey of poor quality.
Last year, with 22 colonies, spring count. I
had2,12.'5 pounds of choice honey; this
year, with 3(! colonies, I will not have 500
pounds of good, bad and indifferent honey,
with an increase of 18 colonies.

S. H. Herrii-K.

Rockford, Ills., Aug. 1, 1890.

Xlie I>ake Pepin IMsaster.

The account of the Lake Pepin disaster,
on page 500, is erroneous. The Inves-
tigating Committee find that there were
only 304 persons in all ; 98 dead bodies
the Red Wing authorities say, and 104 es-
caped—at first they said 100 bodies. The
baby story was all a hoax. Mr. Basey nor
I know of no such thing. I was at the
wreck, which lay in sight of my house uutU
all the bodies were found.

Edwin Wilson.

Lake City, Minn., July 30, 1890.

By request. Rev. S. Roese replies to the
above as follows :

Since receiving statements and ofBcial
report concerning the late Red Wiug dis-
aster, 1 tiud that the number of saved and
lost, as stated on page 500, is somewhat
incorrect. Early newspaper reports con-
cerning the lost and saved, were somewhat
conflicting and incorrect, and the baby
story wholly without foundation. I sent to
the Lake City Republican office for more
official statements and reports, and on
reviewing the same, a "special" published
July 19, with a statement of D. W.

556

TH© MMERicMif mmm joi'&mMmi^,

■Wethern,Captaiii of the ill fated Red Wing,
and E. M. Niles, Clerk, who both said that
147 excursionists tooli passage on the Red
Wing, and on return an additional number
(two ladies from the steamer Wanderer,
and eight men from the steamer Undine,
with about ten more residents from Lake
City, who wished to take passage to Red
Wing), which would have been about 175
in all ; but a few passengers of those who
came down, failed to get back in time to
reach the boat on its return, which fact
would leave the number of passengers on
board under 175.

The passengers on board the barge which
was cut loose from the steamer on capsiz-
ing, were drifted near Lake City, and all
saved, and many lives were saved besides,
by the heroic efforts of citizens and soldiers
during the night, so that the list of saved,
according to the Lake City RepuhlicmVs
special of July 19, would amount to 80,
and the list of lost 98 ; and according to
this last number, memorial services were
held on July as, in Red Wing. Some late
papers have the number of lost at 103, but
it is the belief of many that all the dead
bodies have not been found yet.

Stephen Roese.

Maiden Rock, Wis., Aug. 4, 1890.

Ilardlj' fathered a LiiTinar.

Our big honey-flow run up against a stone
wall about July 10 ; since that time the
bees have run a little behind on their board
bill, but should the drouth break in time,
we will be in good condition for buckwheat
and other fall honey. As near as I can
learn, bees have stored on an average
about 20 pounds per colony, spring count,
in this vicinity. F. E. Buuiiows.

Delavan, W'is., Aug. 1, 1890.

Three Years of Total Failure.

This has been a very disastrous year for
me. I had great expectations, as every-
thing looked so promising last spring, but
here I am so far without one pound of sur-
plus, no swarms, and I have no hopes of
any buckwheat honey, as it is completely
dried up. This is three years of total fail-
ure here, and I fear it will be too much for
me. T. S. Saxford.

New Castle, Pa., Aug. 14, 1890.

Tlie Season in M'iNConiiiin.

At this time we expect to hear reports of
the honey crop. My bees came out of the
cellar in good condition, without the loss
of any. One colony swarmed out in the
spring. I have had but one natural swarm.
Cold, wet weather continued until the last
day of June, so that the bees were almost
entirely destitute of any stores, and some
of them just on the point of starving.
Brood-rearing entirely stopped. I believe
that there reaUy was less bees on June 15,
than when X put them out in April ; but
now the liives are full of liees and honey.
Most of the bee-keejiers think that because
they have no surplus, there is no honey, or
the bees have not done anything ; but they
have done well, it seems to me, considering
their condition and the short time that they
had to do it in. My bees are working in
the sections now ; 1 have taken less than
aOO pounds from 31 colonies. White clover
will be gone in a few daj-s, the hot, dry
weather drying it out, but I am looking for
a fall crop if we get rain in time. I sent to
Washington for some Chapman honey-
plant seed last year, and it has blossomed
this year. I thiuk that it is one of the best
of bee-forage plants. I shall save the seed.

F. COUXCELMAX,

Doylestown, Wis., Aug. 1, 1890.

Much j^^M'arniing' — Liittle Honey.

There seemed to be no nectar in white
clover, and the bees were living from hand
to mouth until basswood bloomed, then, of
course, they had lots of room in the brood-
chamber for honey, and they put it there ;
consequently we got but very little sur-
plus. I had 9 colonies in the spring, in-
creased to 14, and have an average of 24
pounds of basswood comb honey per colony,
spring count. My bees have averaged bet-
ter than any I know of. This has been
another great season for swarming with
some ; one man, three miles from me, had
8 colonies in the spring, and now he has 40,
so it can be guessed about how much honey
he has, and how many dead colonies he
will have next spring, it he undertakes to
winter them without feeding. It is very
dry here, and the prospect for a fall crop
of honey is very poor. J. S. McIntire.

Maple Plain, Minn., Aug. 5, 1890.

I^o Honey and no Swarms.

My 14 colonies wintered all right, and I
had my first s%varm on May 28, and had 11
first swarms ; second swarms I put back. I
have 25 colonies in all, have not a pound
section full of honey yet, and expect no
more swarms. My bees are killing off
drones now. Robert Scuultz.

Alma, Wis.

Siiiierins lor Moisture.

I have now 140 colonies of bees in fair
condition for winter, from 80 colonies in
the spring, after the great dwindling. I
have no surplus honey to speak of, and do
not expect any unless it rains very soon.
Two years ago one very heavy shower, the
last day of July, gave me over 2,000
pounds of fine golden-rod honey. Every-
thing in this locality is suffering badly for
moisture now. J. L. Ghat.

St. Cloud, Minn., Aug. 1, 1890.

Honey Crop a Failure, etc.

The honey crop is a failure in Central
Wisconsin this year. My bees wintered
well — only lost one colony, having 40 colo-
nies, spring count, and 14 new swarms
since. I put my bees into the cellar very
early, and did not take them out until the
weather was settled, and they could gather
pollen. Most of the bee-keepers through
this country lost from 50 to 70 per cent, of
their bees last winter. I never had any
great loss in wintering my bees in the
cellar. I keep the temperature of my cellar
from 35 degrees to 40 degrees, and remove
all dead bees from the bottom-board at
least once a week. I am using the Lang-
stroth hive, with the bottom-boards hooked
on. I make no change for wintering, leav-
ing the same honey-boards on that I use in
the summer, remove the cap, and put them
in the cellar. A. N. DeGroff.

Berlin, Wis., Aug. 4, 1890.

Tlie Mysteries of the Hive.

Recently a "pioneer" bee-keeper was
viewing my bees ; passing through the
aisles, he saw a drone, and said that they
wei'e the only she bees there were. Lead-
ing lights sometimes disagree ! He said he
thought it wrong to kill such bees. I was
transferring a colony once, and a young
lady was looking on to see the queen, when
a drone made its appearance, looking
larger than a worker, so that her attention
was drawn to it. She desired to know what
kind of bee it was, and when told that it
was a drone, she wished to know what it
was for. I told her it was a voracious

eater, etc. If she was curious enough to
investigate, may be she has discovered its
various uses ere this.

Though using a different hive from Mr.
Doolittle, I consider him safe to follow in
many things. It will not do for a bee-man,
any more than a business man, to '* lose his
head " and follow any one blindly, but use
judgment in all things. T. F. Kinsel.

Shiloh, O., Aug. 4, 1890.

Expects a Fall Crop.

The honey crop for 1890, in this section
of country, will be very light — white clover
did not yield one drop, and from apple
bloom to linden flow many colonies were in
a starving condition ; but the basswood
flow was fair, and weak colonies have
recruited in numbers, and active breeding
continues ; but new swarms were few,
except those which were in first-class condi-
tion in early spring. Many colonies are
killing off drones. The late rains seem to
have a reviving effect on nature, with a
prospect of a fair fall honey crop. Reports
from German bee-papers regarding honey
crops are encouraging. Stephen Roese.

Maiden Rock, Wis., Aug. 4, 1890.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

KANSAS CITY, Aug. 0.— The receipts of
comb and extracted houe.v are very light; de-
mand for comb is good at 14@15c for white
1-lbs.; dark 1-lbs., ISgilSc. Very little de-
maud for extracted yet. Beeswax, 23@25c.

CHICAGO, Aug. 9.— New honey arriving
very slowly, demand active, and all receipts
are taken promptly. We quote: White clover
1-lbs., 14@I.5e; 2-lbs., 12 4@13c; dark 1-lbs.,
ll@12c; 2-lbs., 9@10c. Extracted meets with
quick sale, values ranging from 6'-^®7V^ cts.,
depending upon quality and style of package.
Beeswax, 28@30c.

S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITT, August 6.— Demand is good
for the new crop, and receipts are very light.
White 1-lbs., 15e.; 2-lbs.. 13@14c. Dark 1-lbs.
12@,13c.: 2-lbs., 12c. Extracted, white, 7c.:
dark, r)@6c.

HAMBLIN & BEARSS. 514 Walnut St.

KANSAS CITY, July 15.— The receipts of
new comb houey ai'e light, and demand equal
to the receipts. One-pound white comb is sell-
ing at 14@15c. Very little demand for ex-
tracted at present. Beeswax, 25c.

CLEMONS, MASON & CO.,

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

MILWAUKEE, July 14.— The demand for
honev is good for this season of the year. The
supply of old crop is fair — equal to the de-
mand. We can quote: White 1-lbs., choice,
13(Hil4c; medium white 1-lbs., 12®13c; dark
1-lbs., good, 10@llc; white extracted in bar-
rels and half barrels, 7@7J4c; white extracted
in kegs and tin cans, 7!.4(5i8c; dark, in barrels
and kegs, 6®6!4c. Beeswax, 28®30c.

A. V. BISHOP. 142 W. Water St.

DENVER, Aug. 7.— Old honey all gone. New
crop is arriving freely. Prospect good for a
fall crop. We quote: 1-lbs.. 14@lBo. Extrac-
ted, 65?i8c. Beeswax, 2065>25c.

J, M. CLARK COM. CO.. 1517 Blake St.

BOSTON, July 23.— Fancy 1-lbs.. 16c; 2-lbs.,
15c. Extracted, S@9c. Honey sales are very
slow. We have recently received a shipment
from Michigan, of very fine stock, which is an
ample supply for us for the summer.

BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.

CINCINNATI. July 9.— Demand is good for
the new crop of extracted and comb hone.v.
Judging by present arrivals, there has been a
good crop harvested. Ext.ractcd brings o@8c.
Comb honey. I'JT/ i.'.o for best white. Beeswax,
in good demand at 24*12 '-lie on arrival.
C. F. MUTH & SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

TH® MMERICJtH WMM JOmmUK.!^.

557

^AAA^A^

'-^^^'■mkMM

BUSINESS MANAOEE.

e«xx«»xxzxTzi»«XT»ar»«»xz«x«x»»x»3

ISusiness ilaticcs.

■ Subscribers who do not receive their

papers promptly, should notify us at once.

t^" Send us one new subscription, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
IPocket Dictionary.

1^" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, withname and address printed.
Sample free.

1^" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.

I®" Send us two new subscriptions, with
$3.00, and we will present you with a
"Globe" Bee-Veil for your trouble. (See
the fuller notice in the advertising col-
umns.)

1^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

8^'" Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

Jt^~ Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jour-
nal at $1.85 for the two; or with both our
Home Journal and Bee Journal for $3.60
for all thi'ee papers.

|g^ As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write American Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

J^" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

" 100 colonies (220 passes) 1 25

■' 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

|^""When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you wUl oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

I^g** A "Binder" made especially for
the American Bee Journal, and lettered
in gold, makes a very convenient way of
preserving the copies of the Bee Journal
as fast as they are received. We offer it,
postpaid, for 60 cents ; or as a premium for
tMO new subscriptions, with $2.00. It can-
not be mailed to Canada.

A Kew Metlidd of Treating Disease.

HOSPITAL REMEDIES.

What are they ; There is a new departure
in the treatment of disease. It consists in
the collection of the specifics used by noted
specialists of Europe and America, and
bringing them within the reach of all. For
instance, the treatment pursued by special
physicians who treat indigestion, stomach
and liver troubles only, was obtained and
prepared. The treatment of other physi-
cians, celebrated for curing catarrh, was
procured, and so on till these incomparable
cures now include disease of the lungs,
kidneys, female weakness, rheumatism and
nervous debility.

This new method of " one remedy for one
disease " must appeal to the common-sense
of all sufferers, many of whom have exper'
enced the ill effects, and thoroughly realiz
the absurdity of the claims of Patei
Medicines which are guai'anteed to cur
every ill out of a single bottle, and the us
of which, as statistics prove, has ruine
more stornnclis than alcohol. A circuls
describing these new remedies is sent fre
on receipt of stamp to pay postage, b
Hospital Remedy Company, Toronto, Cai
ada, sole proprietors.

51D36t Imly.

^^ The Cortland Union Bee-Keepers' Associ

tion, will hold their Annual Basket Picnic at tt

Floral Trout Park, in Cortland, N. Y., Tuesda

Aug. 19, 189U. Essays will be in order. All come.

M. H. Fairbanks, Sec.

tW The Northern Illinois Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, will hold its fall meeting at Harlem. Ills., on
Aug. 19, 1890. D. A. Fuller, Sec.

^ducrtisewtjeitts.

WISHING to change all my Bees to 5-Banded
GoLi'EN ITALIANS, I offer 25 Tcsied and 10
Untested Italian (.'i-Dan<ied) Queens at sn cts. each.
Some show the -ithlband— good, werviceable Queens.
Send now; don't wait. JACOB T. TIMPE,
33Alt Grand Ledpe. Mich.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

mMM

ITAIilAN QUEENS Br

return mail. See last
week's Journal for prices.
^-■■— "-i*— "^^ Address,

29Dtf JAS. F. WOODi North Prescott, Mass,
Mention the American Dee Journal.

imeriean fjarniolans, S'S'me-a^c'JfiS

■^ nies— only^oue swarmed this season. Very
gentle, good honey-gatherers. Dry weather
disposed of drones near me. Select Untested
Queens, $1.00. Safe arrival guaranteed.
.32A4t E. F. QuiGLEY, Unionville, Mo.

NOW FULLY TESTED A SUCCESS !

Tlie New Dibberu Bee-Escape.

THE New T!ee-Escape has now been fully
tested, and recently greatly improved. 1
now offer them for sale, by mail, .Snc. for sam-
ple, or $3.00 |per dozen. Complete Boards, 60c.
or $5.00 per dozen by express.

33A2t C. H. JDIBBERN, lUilan, Ills.

Mentinn the American Bee Journal.

WE are now ready to receive shipments of
HOIVEV , and would be pleased to open
correspondence. Liberal advances made on
consignments. Prompt returns. Quick ship-
ments of Comb and Extracted will meet
an active marliet. Reference on file with the
American Bee Journal.

S. T. FISH & CO., 189 So. Water St.,

33A20t CHICAGO, ILLS.

Mention the American Bet Joumuil.

Folding Paste-Board Box

IT HOKiDS \ SECTION of Comb Honey,
preserving it from dust and dirt in a Store,
and the "red-la|je" handle makes It convenient
lor the purchaser to carry it homo.

The label shown on the Box, is our " No. 5
Gummed Label," but any of the Gummed
Labels can be put on them, by the honey-
producer.

We can furnish these Folding Boxes for one-
pound Sections, 4!4x4Ji, for $1.00 per 100, or
$8.50 per 1,000, by express. The name and
address of the honey-producer will be print«d
on 1,000 or less, for 76 cents extra,

A Job liOt of Folding Boxes, which will
hold Sections 5x5 inches, or less, will be sold
at only 80 cents per 100. ORDER EARLY

to get these, as the supply is limited.

THOMAS O. NEn^niAN Si. SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

Choicest Italian

QUEENS!

September. 1889. N
Send for Price-List.

Purely bred — Purely
MATED. Won first prem-
ium over all competitors
at Buffalo International,
ONE Better iu Ajierica I
Order early.

Great reduction in price. Former prices
superseded. Select tested, $1.50; Tested, 75c.
Five Apiaries to draw from. Can ship by re-
turn mail in any quantity.

E. ID, KIEEH^TE'^Z-,

Importer and Breeder,

33Atf
Mention the American Bee Journal.

SPECIAL DISCOUNT

ON HIVES..

IN order to keep our factory running during'
the fall and winter months, we will make
a discount of lOper cent, on all orders for
Hives received before Jan. 1, 1891, and after
that date, until March 1, we will make a dis-
count of 5 per cent, from our Catalogue
prices.

The experience of the last season should
prompt every bee-keeper to have his supply of
Hives, etc., on hand before the season com-
mences, and avoid the rush.

THOS. O. XEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

558

nt^mm mmLMMi^mM mmm j@uKf«Mi*,

■^MM*«

HONEY BOXES

A FOLDIM PAPER BOX

FOR

PROTECTING SECTIONS OF HONEY.

For Shippers and Retailers.

All boxes printed with your Business Card on

front if desired.

Samples and Prices on application.

MUNSON&CO.,

30Ai3t Kew Haven, Conn.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Jones' Frame Pliers.

FOR taking frames out of blves, or
moving them in any way desired. It is
made of Japanned iron, and can be utilized
In many ways. It has a long claw for loos-
ening frames, and a hook which maybe used
for carrying other frames besides the one
held by the Pliers. Price, 40 cents., by mail.
By express, .30 cents.

THOS. G. NEWltlAN & SON,
246 East Madison St., CHICAGO, ILL.

CANADIAN QUEENS!

GIVE THEM A TBlAli.

Eiitli. Pfr Three. Per',; Km.

Italians, Virgin $ .40....*1.00....$ 1.75

Untested 1.00 ... 2.7o ..00

Tested 1.. 50.... 3.7.').... 7.00

SelectTested, 2.00.... 6.00.... 10.00

F. HOliTERraANN,

ROMNEY, Kent Co., ONT.

Me7ition the American Bee Journal.

Address, R
27A8t

Till Pails for Boiiey.

THESE Pails have full covers, and are excellent
for selling Honey in ihe Home Market; and
after the Honey granulates in them, it can be
shipped anvwbere with perfect safety. All sizes
have a bail, or handle, and when empty are useful
in every household.

The engraving shows STRAIGHT
TIN PAILS, of which there are :i sizes,
holding respectively 3, 5 and 10 lbs. of
Honey. Assorted Samples of the 3
sizes will be sent by express for 40 cts.
In quantities, the prices are:

Per doz. Per 100
Gallon. ..holds 10 lbs.... $l.so....$l2.(H)
^-Gallon, holds 5 lbs.... l.50.
Quart, holds 3 lbs \.-Z0.

The second engraving represents
THtfi TAPERING TIN PAILS-
marte heavier and stronger than
those with straight sides. The
covers are deeper, and the top-
edge of the Pail is doubled over,
making it smooth and convenient
to handle. Of the Tapering Pails
there are Ave sizes, viz: l-lb.. 4-lb.,
7-lb.. 13-lb., and 2o-lb. Assorted
Samples of these will he shipped
by express for 7.5 cents. In quantities, the pricc<t
are as follows :

To hold l-lb. 4-lhs. 7-Ib8.
Perdozen, $ .75. .. .11.25. .. .? 1.50..
Per 100, 5.00.... 8.W.... io.oo.,

FOR TRUE-BLOOD CARNIOLANS

SEE our Advertisement in July .jth Num-
ber of this Paper— page 462.

3. B. JtlASON A: SONS,

.31Atf MECHANIC FALLS, ME.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

SHORT-HAND

'VT'OU can earn $75.00 per month as a short-
X hand writer. Learn at home. Address,

S. A. MORA!, Ann Arbor, Micliigan,

FOR FULI, P.illTICULARS.

:i2A2t IT WIfcli PAV YOU.

Mention the American Bee Jounuil.

roice of Masonryi Family Magazine.

Three y, arn'a Paper and twenty-five -i Ma^'a-

zine. Now unexcelled. Contaius flue Portraits

and Ulnstrations, and a great variety otariicles,

Ftoriee and p'ems for Freemaeons and tlicir fam

ilies; also Kastfrn star. Masonic OleaninKS and

Kdltorlal Departments Price pet year, $:j.00.

JOHN W BROWN, Editor and Publisher,

182 & 184 S. Clark Street, Chicago, Illinoia.

I3-lb8. 25-lbs.

t 2.00. ...|; 3. '2.5

14.50.... -Ti.m

THOS. G. INEWMAN & SON,

246 East MadiBon Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

British. Bee Journal

AND BEE-KEEPERS' ADVISEE,

IS published every weelj, at 6«. 6d. per
annum. It contains the very best practical
information for the apiarist. It is edited by
Thomas Wm. Cowan, F.G.S., F.R.M.S., etc., and
published by John Huckle, King's Langley,
Herts, Enfland

Bee -Hives, Sections, &c.

On and after Feb. 1, 1890, we will sell our
No. 1 V-groove Sections in lots of 500 as fol-
lows: Less than 2.n00 at $3.50 per thousand:
2,000 to 5,000 at S:3.00 per thousand. Write
for special prices on larger quantities. No. 2
Sections $2,00 per thousand. Send for Price-
List for other Supplies. Address,

J. STAUFFEK & SONS,

(Successors to B. J. Miller & Co.)
31Atf NAPPANF.E. IND.

PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION

HAS NO SAO IN BKOOD FKAIUES.

THIN FLAT BOTTOJffl FOUNDATION

Has uo Fi»!ili-boiie ill Surplus Honey.

^^'-J-^Jia,l^ Beinp the cleanest ia usually worked
..^^^^1 the quickest of any Foundation made.
''"'^IP! J. VAN DKIJSEN A: SONS,
Sole Manufacturers.
Sprout Brook, Montgomery Co., N. Y.
lAtt

Mention the American Bee. Jouriwi-

u\\m

or tills Journal who
write to any of our
advertisers, cltlier in
ordering, or asliing about tlie Goods
offered, will please state tliat tliey saiw
tbe Advertisenieut in tliis paper.

QUEENS! QUEENS! QUEENS!

By Return Mail,

As FINE A LOT as was ever reared, at the
following- low rates— purity and safe
arrival guaranteed :

Tested, each $1.50

Warranted, each 1,00

per dozen 9.00

Untested, each 75

" perdozen 8.00

Will state that these Queens are all reared
from our best honey-gathering strains, in full
colonies. We are one of the oldest and largest
breeders in America. Give us a trial order.
Address,

W. W. GARY, - COLERAINE, MASS.

Please Mention the Amcrieiin Bee Journal.
:UAtf

An Elegant Monthly for the
FAMII^Y AlVO fireside:.

At $1.00 a Year.

Printed in the hia-hest style of the art, and

profusely embellished with Magniflcenb

and costly Engravings.

PUBLISHERS - "WJMi
CHICAGO, ILLS.

HANDLING BEES

APAHIPHI.ET, treating of the tjiminR-
and handling ot bees. Just the tiling for
beginners. It is achiiptcr from "Tlie Hive
and Honey-Bee, revised." Price, 8 cts.
Advice to beginners. Circulars, &c., free.

CHAS. DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ills

It is a moral and intellectual educator, and
is invaluable in eveiy library, as well as a very
attractive and inspiring ornament in every
drawing-room. Each issue contains 36 pages.

Its historical and biographical sketches, as
well as its stories, are charming ; its depart-
ments for the Young Folks, the Household,
and the Family Circle arc very interesting,
and all who examine it are sure to become
regular subscribers. It captivates them all.

A Sample Copy will be sent free, upon
application to the publishers.

The II.I.USTRATED HOME JOUBNAI.

will be clubbed with the American Bee Journal
and both mailed to any address in the United
States and Canada, for one year, for $1.60.

CCUn ^"^ I'riccs of llie Empty
OLnU Kurt'ku Matlruss Cases.
A cliil't can till one with any fill-
ing in a few minutes wiihout rip-
l.ing or sewing a stitch of seam
aud make a smoother mattress
tlian .tnyevpeit upholsterer with the olil style. It is the only case
which keeps its perfect form when filled with feathers. They are
filled from either edge, into twelve cuitiparlments. extending the
entire width of the case and the cilges are closed up by means of
eyelets and lacing cords. No tacking required The moslheauti-
fiiland convenient case made. Health and cleanlineFS require that
all mattresses be renovated. The Eiireka is the only meatls by
which YOU can do it. Eureka Mattress Co., Franklin Grove, ni.
33Alt

Mention the American Bee Journal.

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The Honey Almanac

JUST the thlnK neerled to create a demand for
HONEY at home. Bee-keepers should scatter
it freely. It shows tbe uses of Honey for Medicine
Hating, DrinltinB, Cookine. for making Cosmetics
Vinegar, etc. : also uses ot BEESWAX. Price, sets.;
25 copies for $1.10; 50 copies, »1.70; 75 copies, 12.30;
100 for »2.s)fi. The foregoing are POSTPAID prices:
following are prices when sent by express or trelght;
KMifor$2..'i0; 500 for Jio.oii: l.oOli for $15.n<l. Tbo
Bee-Keeper's CARD will be printed on the first page
without extra cost, when 25 or more are ordered at
one time. Address,

THOS. G. NEWBLAN ic SON,

246 East Madison St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

TT-jBt® rn'mmmicmn mmm j&vimnmi*.

563

HOS.xf:NKWM^*»'S0N,

I

THOMAS «. I%EtVHlAr«,

EDITOR.

Vol. mi, AllE. 23, 1890, Nfl. 34.

Bee-Keepers' Uay at the Detroit
Fair and Exposition is to be on Friday,
Aug. 29, 1890. As first suggested by
friend Hutchinson, it was to have been on
Tuesday of the next week, but this has
been deemed too late by those who have
the matter in charge, and now it is settled
for Friday. We hope to meet our many
friends and have a grand re-union on Fri-
day, the 39th inst.

J^t»t Honey only, but the crops gen-
erally are not prospering. The cause is the
abnormally high temperature, with an in-
sufficient rainfall. One factor in the
blighting of vegetation has evidently been
the hot winds that have scorched it, from
one end of the continent to the other.
These have also dried up the nectar so that
nothing was left for the the bees to gather.
The honey crop is therefore a very light
one, and the prices must go up.

<]ioI<Ien-Rod — Mrs. B. A. Manley, of
Milo, Iowa, on Aug. 11, 1890, sent us a
iiower, requesting us to give its correct
name. It is soUdaffo —commonly called
golden-rod— and usually gives abundance
of honey. It blooms early in August, and
the bees work on its yellow plumes until
frost and cold weather confine them to
their hives. It yields amber-colered honey
Of excellent flavor.

A Soiilli Carolina I>arky recently
hitched his mule, with a bale of hay on its
back, near a neighbor's bees, which were
about to swarm. The bees came forth, and
settled on the bale of hay, after which the
Darky drove the mule home, and hived
the swarm of bees.

'I'liose Horrid Ilecs*. — Under this
beading, the Ncivs of Miami, Mo., on July
19, 1890, accused the bees of that city in
the following bombastic way :

Now that the first fruits are beginning to
ripen, the citizens of Miami are beginning
to find out how very trouVilesoine and an-
noying the bees are, to say nothing of the
damage the little pets can do the fruit.

When the first warm days of spring came,
and the bees cames out in numbers, we
then predicted that they would prove to be
a nuisance, and we have no reason to
change our opinion.

They not only destroy the fruit, sting old
and young alike, but the housewife who
takes her preserving kettle to the porch, or
yard, is eompelled to divide her time be-
tween fighting the bees and attending to
her preserves.

Our grocery merchants are also greatly
troubled by the pests that swarm in the
cellar and upon the fruit they have ex-
posed for sale.

Again, we say, the bees are a 7iitisanee ;
and further say, that it is a shame that so
many people should be made to suS^er in-
convenience and losses for the benefit; of
so few.

The City Council should take immediate
steps to have the nuisance abated, and if
they have any doubts about what the peo-
ple think of it, they have only to ask, and
they will find that nearly every citizen be-
lieves as we do, especially the ladies. Do
not wait until greater damage is done, but
act now.

All this is aimed at one of our lady bee-
keepers, who resides there- Mrs. J. M. Null,
who is a member of the National Bee-
Keepers' Union.

The lady wrote to the Manager of the
Union that the editor of the News (who is
also the Mayor of the city), is trying to
array her neighbors against the bees out of
"pure meanness," and without the least
provocation — there being no complaint
from any one of the bees being trouble-
some.

The Union has taken steps to defend the
bees and their lady bee-keeper, and will
see to it that ninlice and meanness shall not
prevail.

Are yon Ooing- to the Fair ? If so,
will you kindlj' send to this ofiice and get a
few samples of the Bee Joukxai., and give
them out to your friends there, and get up
a club i We will send them to you with
pleasure.

Fee«l tlie IJees where they have no
honey, and none is to be obtained by the
bees in the fields. Do not let the bees
starve just because they are temporarily
out of honey. Look ahead, and make pro-
vision for the good times yet to come.

Xlie jfall Crop"ot Honey is yet

an unknbwn quantity, but the prospects
now are'that it may be considerable of a
crop. Some of the best fall crops of phoney
we ever heard of followed a dry summer.

Honey ITIine ! — A correspondent asks
about a wonderful " Mine of Honey " found
in Kentucky, thus :

The bees are on a strike. They will not
gather any more honey then wiU feed them
this winter. The following is clipped from
a Chicago paper :

" A wellburer named Starks has drilled
a three-inch hole into a cliff on the Cumber-
land river, near Franklin, Ky., and at the
depth of 85 feet struck a mine of honey.
Since the strike was made, tons of the
sweet have been pumped out and shipped
to Louisville."

This explains the matter clearly ; the
bees cannot compete with that way of get-
ting honey. If that is not stopped, it will
ruin the business entirely. — H. T. Apple-
gate, Scotch Grove, Iowa.

The papers now-a-days are full of such
items about honey in the rocks, etc., but this
beats them all. Honey found at the depth
of 85 feet Ijelow the surface and enclosed
in a solid rock ! ! Wonderful ! What kind
of bees was it that gathered the honey ?
Where did they get the honey — without
plants, trees or shrubs ? Prodigious yarn !
Humbug ! Lies !

It should make the newspaper scribblers
blush to write such foolish sensational
stories, expecting any one to believe them.

Sii^de the Hives if the sun shines
on thejm intensely hot. Unless this is done
the combs may melt down.

n'ind-Ureaks for the Apiary. —

An exchange contains the following para-
graph about constructing wind-breaks for
bees in winter :

Wind-breaks around the bees during
winter are very beneficial, and it will pay
well to erect high board-fences for this
purpose. These may be temporary, and
may be removed in the spring. We have
known farmers who keep a few colonies
who would move their bees and set them
against some biiilding when winter came,
to protect them from the cold wind. This
won't do at all. The bees must not be
moved to a new location, for on the first
warm day they come out they will go back
to the old place and become lost, and never
find their hives again ; thus the colonies
are badly weakened. Fix them up where
they stand, and never move them at such
a time unless you place them in the cellar
or something of that kind. Never wait
until cold weather before fixing up the
bees.

In England the honey crop is a fail-
ure, but from just the opposite cause of its
failure in America. Here it was hot and
dry. There the sun refused to shine, and
rain has been incessant. In our case the
sun dried up the nectar. In England, the
rains washed out what little there was.

Xrial Snhscribers. — In order to get
as many as possible to read the American
Bee Journal, we will take Trial Subscrib-
ers from the time the subscription is
received until the end of 1890 for 25 cents
each. Or for any one sending us $1.00 for
1891, we will give the numbers for this
year /rec from the time the subscription is
received at this office — so the sooner they
subscribe the more they wiU get for the
money.

564

■^-■■-^ **-**-*

Sioiix City, Io«va, Corn Palace.

The plans adopted for this year's Corn
Palace at Sioux City, Iowa, are simply
marvelous, far exceeding anything hereto-
fore attempted by the enterprising citizens
of the famous " Corn State."

"We are pleased to be able to place before
our readers a representation of the palace
dedicated to "King Corn," for the year
1890. It is a marvel of beauty, and a very
pleasing surprise to even those who gazed
upon the wondrous handiwork formed from
the fruits of nature at the festivals of
former years.

ing closes in an immense dome, from which
rises a substantial tower 170 ft. high. On
each side of this central tower will be two
smaller ones, located on the turrets, and
heavy festoons of grain will be hung from
the smaller ones to the central tower.

The arrangement of the interior is where
the architect has given full sway to his
novel ideas. The main building will be
octagon in shape, with a diameter of 166
feet. Around the room, at a height of 32
feet, Avill run a balcony, supported on
pillars. These pillars will be so arranged,
however, that a clear passageway 50 feet
wide will be left from the entrance, giving

Sioux City Corn Palace.— Opens Sept. 25; closes Oct. 11, 1890.

Besides the exhibition of the many agri-
cultural productions for which that portion
of Iowa is noted, a " Corn Palace Pageant,"
has been arranged for, to be superintended
by Francois Dubois, the French artist who
has also been secured to prepare the attrac-
tions for the Mardi Gras in New Orleans
next year. The Sioux City pageant prom-
ises to be the most unique, novel and daz-
zling ever witnessed outside of the ilardi
Gras city.

The date this year for the opening is
Sept. 2.5, and the festival will continue
until Oct. 11. The Corn Palace will cover
an area of 264 feet square, which is twice
as large as that of last year. The structure
is of Arabic design, and resembles in gen
eral outline pictures of some of the famous
Turkish mosques. The center of the build-

an unobstructed view for a distance of 272
feet. At the end of the passage will be
arranged an immense waterfall, and other
attractive features, that with the great
distance, will naturally impress the visitor
as he steps inside with the immensity of the
structure.

The central building will be so arranged
that the light will be excluded. The ceiling
will be formed of a painted sky on canvas,
arched over. From the ceiling will be
suspended innumerable incandescent lights
in globes cast in the shape of stars, which
will produce an effect as startling as it will
be beautiful.

To the right of the central building is the
auditorium, a room 100x100, which is an
entirely new feature of this year's Palace.
This room will be furnished with seats, so

that those who are tired of the crowd in
the main building, can seek rest and musi-
cal entertainment in the auditorium. On
the north and east sides will be large rooms
for exhibits, and space will also be allowed
for this purpose in the gallery of the cen-
tral building.

It is the intention, in addition to the
genera! plans, to have as many attractive
features as possible, that are both novel
and unique. The decorations will surpass
anything of the kind ever witnessed before.

The committees in charge of the work,
have the details arranged, and this year's
Palace will prove such a panorama of
unique novelties and natural beauty that
no one can afford to miss seeing it.

Intruders Under tlie Bed.

A letter in .Qleanings from Shaowu,
China, gives the following very interesting
account of an experience in the Celestial
Kingdom :

One very common way in which the peo-
ple in this particular corner of the world
have of building their one-story or story
and a half houses, is as follows :

A foundation of cobble stones having
been laid where the side-walls are to stand,
and perhaps also where the back of the
house is to be, two tiroad planks are fast-
ened on their edges between upright poles
set in the ground, on each side of the foun-
dation, and damp earth is put between
them and pounded down hard. The planks
are then raised one course higher, fixed
firmly in place, and then more earth put
in and stamped down, and so on until a
depth of 10 feet or so is attained. Then a
wood frame is put up inside of these walls.

If the house is designed for a shop or a
store, the whole front consists of movable
boards sliding in grooved pieces on top and
bottom. This is the general plan on which
many a Chinese inn is built.

To economize space, the tavern keeper
generally has a box bed for his own use.
This consists of two boxes, each one about
3x31., feet in length and breadth, and 2'i<
feet or more high. These two boxes, set
side by side, make as good a bedstead as
most Chinamen have.

I was resting in front of a tavern one day
last February, when I observed .a string of
bees pouring in and out through a crack
between the corner post and the earth wall
on my right. Through the obligingness of
the landlady, I was enabled to investigate
matters. There in that corner of the build-
ing stood one of these box-beds. Rats had
gnawed a hole in the lower corner of the
box at the bottom, close by the crack, and
through this crack and rat-hole the bees
had come in and taken possession of the
box. The landlady told me that they came
of themselves in the previous May. and
that she cut out their stores last fall. They
had nearly half a bushel of pure white comb
partly filled with clear white honey.

Rape, which is much cultivated here as
a winter-spring crop for making rape-seed
oil, was just coming into bloom, and the
bees were doubtless at work on this. In
fact, ten days of mUd weather had started
a number of wild plants to blooming, and
the bees were booming. Chinese bees
always seem very docile. Rape honey is
said not to be equal in flavor to tea honey.
The tea-plant blooms in December.

THS MMERICJSN BK® J©l[JRirfJElLf.

565

Tlic Bec-MaldeiiH or France.

Harper's Young People some time siuce
contained the following interesting account
of what are known in France as the " bee-
maidens." Their work, and how they
came to receive their prety name, is de-
scribed thus :

Near the little town of La Ferte, in
France, there is au apple-tree which bears
onl}- imperfect blossoms ; and the fact hav-
ing long, long ago been discovered, has
given rise to a very beautiful custom
among the maidens of the village.

When spring-time comes, and the apple-
tree hails the joyous time with a glad burst
of blossoms, the maidens of the village arm
themselves with gay ribbous and perfect
blossoms from their favorite trees, and go
singing to the lonely tree which has pro-
duced only the imperfect blossoms. Each
girl then kisses a cluster of the imperfect
blossoms, and in so doing dusts the former
with the pollen from the latter. She then
ties a distinguishing ribbon near to the
cluster she has dusted.

The tree looks very gay when thus dec-
orated, with the pink blossoms smiling up
at heaven, and the dainty ribbons flutter-
ing in the perfume-laden air ; but the best
of it is when the petals drop like ''summer
snow," and the little apples begin to shape.
Then the maidens pluck off all but the best
fruit, and let that take all the strength of
the tree, so that the apples grow famously
and come to perfection.

And now is seen the strange part of the
affair : the apples, instead of being all of
one kind, are as different as the blossoms
that kissed their blossoms, the fact being
that the apple is exactly like the apple on
the tree from which the pollen-bearing
blossom was taken.

So on this one tree will be seen round,
rosy-cheeked apples, long yellow apples,
juicy apples, mealy apples, dainty little
apples, and " monstrous big " apples. Each
maiden has the apple she wished the most.

sionally it happens to an apple tree, that it
bears only imperfect flowers, and then it
must either depend upon the nectar-hunt-
ing bees, or upon some other agency for
the pollen.

Thus it is seen how important it is that
bees have access to all the blossoming fruits
and plants, as without their' valuable aid,
the fruit-grower or farmer would often fail
to realize anything from his orchard or
garden. The great value of bees, aside
from the honey which they produce, should
not be overlooked.

Best Planii for While Honey
and for Fall Honey.

WrUU.n for the American Bee Journal

In the above is shown that the little
French maids perform the duty which the
bees usually claim as their portion of the
world's work. The reason that bees bury
themselves in the flowers and blossoms is
that they may extract the precious nectar
which they contain, and for the purpose of
helping the blossoms to produce their
fruitage, which often would not be accom-
plished were it not for the bees and other
insects.

In some cases, if not visited by the bees,
the flowers would not live at all ; for some
flowers are what is called imperfect, and
need to be powdered with pollen before
they can make any seeds ; and the bees
carry the pollen from a perfect flower to
an imperfect flower, and leave it there
while they are thinking only of getting
nectar.

If you will catch a bee which has been
gathering nectar, you will notice that it is
covered over with a fine dust. That dust is
the pollen which has clung to the fine hairs
on its body.

It often happens with highly cultivated
strawberries that they have imperfect
flowers, and would not bear a single beiTy,
were they not planted near to some other
variety that has perfect flowers. Occa-

Renie«lj' for Mites. — On page 284,
Mi's. L. J. Keyes, of Nora Springs, Iowa,
asked for a remedy for mites on birds ; as
none of our correspondents have replied,
we oft'er the following, which we have just
found in one of our agricultural exchanges,
though these directions apply mainly to
mites on chickens :

After trying sulphur, carbolic acid, kero-
sene-oil, unslacked lime, etc., about the
hen-house, we tried tobacco, and find it the
very thing to kill and destroy the mites.
A little snuff scattered in the hens' nests,
and where the chickens dust, is a deadener
to the mite ; and if your hen-house is close
enough, fill it with tobacco smoke for a few
houi's, and you can say "good-bye" to the
mites. I have been in Texas 42 years, and
never saw a mite until this year, and this
year they come into our dwelling-houses
like fleas, but the snuff and tobacco smoke
will settle them. *

Bee-Slings.— Mr. B. T. Marion recom-
mends the application of heat as a cure for
bee-stings He says :

When I am stung I rake the sting off,
grab the smoker, give the ])art stung three
or four puffs with the hot air and smoke,
and the pain is gone instantly ; that is, if
I am stung on the wrist. The Bingham
smoker is better for the curing of bee-stings
than any other smoker I have used. Keep
a red-hot fire in the smoker, and you have
the best remedj' for bee-stings that I
know of.

QuEKV 725.— 1. What, in your locality,
do you consider the best honey-plant for
white honey, and what is the best for fall
honey 1— Bell.

White clover.— H. D. Cutting.

Clover, knot-weeds, Spanish-needle, etc.
— DAD.iXT & Sox.

1. Basswood. 2. There is
here. — G. M. Doohttle.

1. White clover.
L. Tatlou.

1. Clover, 2. Perhaps
fall.— C. C. Miller.
1. White clover.

DiBBERN.

1. White clover,
ters. — A. J. Cook.

1. White clover,
ease.— J. M. Shuck.

1. White clover,
ish-needle.-

no fall honey
2. Asters, I think. — R.
cucumber for
2. Heart's-ease. — C. H.

2. Golden-rods and as-

3. Asters and heart's-
2. Coreopsis or Span-

, M. Hambaugh.

Alfalfa, is certainly a wonderful honey
plant, and is attracting great attention
from bee-men all over the country. It is
not only useful as a honey -plant, but is one
of the most important sources of fodder for
stock, and, as it is especially adapted to
the so called deserts of the far West, it
promises to yield unlimited supplies for
bee and beast. — Field ayid Farm.

<'an<ly for Feeding Kees. — The

following recipe for making candy for feed-
ing to bees we find in an exchange ; it will
serve to answer many who are enquiring
in regard to the subject :

To make candy for feeding bees, put four
pounds of granulated white sugar in a pint
of water, simmer gently 20 minutes, then
pour into buttered pans an inch deep, and
cool.

Sweet clover for white honey ; and sweet
clover for fall honey. — A. B. Mason.

1. Sour-wood. 2. Aster is best for fall
honey here (East Georgia).— J. P. H.
Bkown.

1. White clover. 2. The asters are the
best fall honej- plants here. — G. L. Tinker.

1. White clover, all the time. 2. The
large smart-weed, and the little white aster.
Golden-rod is "nogood." — G. W. Demareb.

My own locality is a poor one for honey,
still white clover leads for summer, and
golden-rod for fall. I get no white honey
in the fall.— J. E. Pond.

1. Basswood. 2. The yellow flowers that
bloom in August and September. Buck-
wheat is perhaps the most useful plant for
fall honey. — Eugene Secor.

1. White clover first; sweet clover sec-
ond ; and Alsike clover third. When
Alsilie is generally introduced by farmers,
we think that it wUl take the first place. 2.
For fall honey it varies greatly — no two
seasons being alike. — Mrs. L. Harrison.

1. White clover. There is not enough
basswood to be of much value. 2. It is
diti3cult to determine what is best for fall
honey. Sometimes what is erroneously
called heart's-ease (polygonum) is best, and
sometimes other fall flowers are better.
Golden-rod is worthless except once in
about a dozen years. — M. Madin.

1. In my locality, basswood rather ex-
ceeds white clover in quantity, and is prob-
abl3' about equal in quality, the two being
our main sources. 2. Buckwheat, boneset,
and golden-rod are the three principal
sources of fall honey, or, in other words,
"August honey," commonly called "fall
honey." Sometimes one, and sometimes
the other, leads for quantity.^jAS.HEDDON.

Clubs of 5 for $4.00 to any addresses.
Ten for $7.50. if all are sent at one time.

A I^ice Hoeket nictionary will be

given as a premium for only one new
subscriber to this Journal, with 81.00. It
is a splendid little Dictionai-y — just the
right size for the pocket. Every school boy
and school girl, as well as everybody else,
should own and use it. Price, 3S cents.

566

Tmw mmmmi^mm mmm ji©<wmMmi^.

CORREt

CAEliTIOLANS.

A Criticism of a Report Con-
cerning these Bees.

Written for. the American Bee Journal

BY C. J. ROBINSON.

On page 488, Mr. S. A. Shuck essays
to compare Caruiolau bees with such
as he calls pure Italians. This asser-
tion, though strictlj' correct, is fraught
with suspicion of mistake. Even had
he named the breeder who selected
and tested his Carniolan queen, there
appears, on the face of his story, rea-
sons for suspecting that some of the
parties interested were ingloriously
fooled. As his aoeouut shows, it is
more than probable he did not, in fact,
"purchase" a queen that was a
straight lineal descendant of the Car-
niolan race of bees.

He mentions that "every one of the
young queens mated with Italian
stock." Hence he was not in posses-
sion of Carniolan " stock" other than
the queen purchased. He credits the
Carniolans with being superior com-
pared with blacks in certain points —
" gentleness, and a disposition to stick
to their combs while being handled."
This much he is competent witness, but
his other comparisons in the matter
seem to be conclusions based on un-
certainties.

Mr. Shuck says: "The old queen
swarmed twice " during the season
(June, July and August). If, under
ordinary circumstances, the old queen
(the so-called tested Carniolan) be-
came the own mother of three swarms
during that brief season, it is certain
she was a No. 1 queen. Queens are
the main-spring of colonies. If she is
not normally fruitful, the bee-master
cannot, by any means, make a colony
prosperous, but he may easily control
the limits of the brood as desired when
the over-breeding of a queen demands
it.

He alludes to his " pure Italians " —
but he left out the most important part
of the information desired by his read-
ers, to-wit : How does he hnd it pos-
sible to keep imre Italians where all of
his virgin queens (Carniolans) mated
with Italian stock ?

Well, he began the present season
with 125 colonies. Twenty-five of
these " had Carniolan queens " (how
call, or represent, these Carniolan
queens when, as he asserts, every one
of the Carniolan virgins mated with
Italian stock ?) Then he mentions
that about 20 per cent, of his virgin
Italian queens mated mostly with Car-

niolan stock. He also compares black
bees in his trial test, so it seems he
was badlj' mixed.

Mr. Shuck mentions that he obtained
a certain amount of honey from this,
that, and other colonies, but fails to
mention anything concerning the con-
ditions of the respective colonies,
which is all-important, if the colonies
are entered in the trial test. The dif-
ference he gives of the amount of
honej' taken from the colonies re-
spectively, shows no greater discrep-
ancy than is probable in any lot of
colonies worked in a similar way.

Please note his pitiful conclusion :
" I think, now, that I shall be over
1,000 pounds short for the season, by
having Carniolans instead" (?) — that
is, just because in 1889 he purchased
what he calls a Carniolan queen, put
her into a colony and " superseded "
her in the fall— he,„ on July 2, 1890,
would fain have it understood that he
is doomed to lose 1,000 pounds of
honey ! He ostensibly gives the figures
as a warning, or, as he puts it "a
hint."

Whatever was his aim, or however
he wishes us to construe his hint, it is
plain that Mr. Shuck is prejudiced bit-
terly against Carniolan bees, and that,
too. without cause, judging from his
writings. Such groundless attempts to
disparagement is fraught with danger
to readers. Fair pla}' and consistency
are the jewels, and they ought to be
heeded even by competitors.

Richford, N. Y.

HISTORIC.

Some of the Curious Uses made
of Honey.

Written for the Australasian Bee Journal

BY T. J. MDLVANY.

Honey appears to have been used
from very early times, in religious
ceremonies and in connection with
funeral rites.

In "Rollin's Ancient History " (vol.
i. Introduction) the following passage
occurs in reference to some of the
oracles of ancient Greece :

"The oracles of Trophonius in
Boeotia, though he was a mere hero,
were in great reputation. After many
preliminary ceremonies, as washing in
the I'iver, offering sacrifice, drinking a
water called Lethe, from its qualit}- of
making people forget everj'thing, the
votaries went down into his cave, by
small ladders, though a very narrow
passage. At the bottom was another
little cavern of which the entrance was
very small. There they lay down
upon the ground, with a certain com-
position of honey in each hand, which

they were indispensably obliged to
carry with them."

From another passage we find that
"it was the Spartan custom to cover
the bodies they would embalm with
honey," and failing to secure a supply
as in the case of King Agesilaus, who
died in Africa, they " made use of wax
in its stead."

We have seen also, from an allusion
in the Koran (quoted in a former
paper) that before Mahomet's time,
'■ the Arabs used to anoint the images
of their gods with some odoriferous
composition, and with hone}."

The early Christians, it would seem,
in the second century, used milk and
hone}' in the administration of baptism.
The following extracts upon this point
are from "Mosheim's Ecclesiastical
History " (Maclaine's translation) :

"Thus they administered milk and
hone)% which was the ordinary food of
infants, to such as were newly received
into the church, showing them by this
sign that by baptism they were born
again, and were bound to manifest the
simplicity and innocence of infants in
their lives and conversion." — Vol. I.
page 205.

" After baptism they received the
sign of the cross, were anointed, and
b}- prayers and imposition of hands
were solemnly commended to the
mercy of God, and dedicated to His
service, in consequence of which they
received milk and honey, which com-
pleted the ceremony." — Note, see
"Tertullian on Baptism," Vol. I. page
211.

A curious instance of the use of
honey in the preparation of a con-
densed form of food for men in dan-
ger of starvation, is mentioned by
Rollin, in the account of the siege of
small island of Sphacteria, opposite the
town of Pyhis, in Messenia, during the
Peleponnesian war (B. C. 420).

"The Athenians continued to keep
strict guard around the island to pre-
vent any provisions from being brought
into it, and hoped that thej- should
soon be able to starve out the inhabi-
tants. But the Lacedonians engaged
the whole country in their interest by
the views of gain, laying a heavy tax
upon provisions, and giving such
slaves their freedom as should bring
any into it. Provisions were therefore
now brought at the hazard of men's
lives from all parts of Peleponnesus.
There were even divers who swarm
from the coast to the island, opposite
to the harbor, and drew after them
goats'-skins filled with pounded linseed
and poppies mixed with hone}'."

Gibbon, in his "Decline and Fall of
the Roman Empire," mentions a cir-
cumstance which tends to show that in
the seventh century honey formed an
important item in the commissariat

TMm MMsmicMif mmm jQVRnMi^.

567

stores of Eastern armies. Relating a
story of the great battle of Nehavend
(A. D. 651), in which the conquest of
Persia by the Saracen Caliph was com-
pleted, he says : " If it be true that
the flying general of the Persians was
stopped and overtaken in a crowd of
mules, and camels laden with honey,
the incident, however slight or singu-
lar, will denote the luxurious impedi-
menta of an Orient.al army."

About the same pei'iod he relates an
occurrence in which honey was used
to conceal a treasure of golden coin.
The Greek Emperor Heraclius raised
a forced loan from the churches of
Constantinople to meet war expenses,
and on that occasion barrels of houey
(ostensibly) which were packed awaj'
among the church stores, were found
to be really filled with gold coins. It
would appear as if some attempt was
made to represent this as a miracle,
for he adds in a note: "Basouius
gravely relates this discovery, or rather
transmutation of barrels, not of honey,
but of gold." The anecdote is of i'n-
terest to us as showing the extensive
use of honey, and the manner in which
it was usual to store it at that period.

We may suppose that only a certain
proportion of gold coin was mixed with
and covered by the honey in this case,
and that the honey was cr_ystallized in
the barrels, in which view of the mat-
ter the mode of concealment must be
admitted to have been ingenious and
likely to pass muster. Had the barrels
been simply filled with gold coins in-
stead of honey, the deception would
have been easily betrayed by the great
weight, and by the jingle of the coins
upon moving the barrel.

Some remarkable cases are recorded
in historj' of the use of honey in East-
ern countries, as a means of torture
under circumstances of great cruelly.
One such case occurred in the fifth
century before, and another in the
fourth centurjr after, the Christian era.

The first is related by Rollin in his
account of the reign of the Persian
monarch Artaxerxes, the sou of Xerxes
(B. C. 473), as follows :

" Artaxerxes having at last entirely
defeated his enemies, put to death all
who had engaged in this conspiracy.
He took exemplary vengeance of those
who were concerned in his father's
murder, and particulai'ly of Mithri-
dates, the eunuch, who had betrayed
him, and who was executed in the fol-
lowing manner : He was laid on his
back in a kind of a horse-trough, and
strongly fastened to the four corners
of it. Every part of him except his
head, his hands and liis feet, which
came out at holes made for that pur-
pose, was covered with another trough.
In this horrid situation victuals were
given him from time to time ; and in

case of his refusal to eat, they were
forced down his throat ; honey mixed
with milk was given him to drink, and
all his face was smeared with it, which
by that means attracted a numberless
multitude of Hies, especially as he was
perpetually exposed to the scorching

rays of the sun The criminal

lived 15 or 20 days in inexpressible
torment."

The other case is mentioned by Gib-
bon, in the reign of Julian the Apos-
tate (A. D. 362), where he describes
the persecution exercised by the mag-
istrates acting under Julian's orders,
upon Mark, Bishop of Arethusa, in re-
venge for the zeal he had exhibited in
the destruction of heathen temples dur-
ing the preceding reign. "They ap-
prehended the aged prelate, they in-
humanely scourged him, they tore his
beard ; and his naked body, anointed
with honey, was suspended in a net,
between heaven and earth, and ex-
posed to the stings of insects, and the
rage of a Syrian sun."

These are not likely to have been
isolated cases of refined crnelty, and
it is only too probable that both in
ancient and in comparatively modern
times, the occasions may not have
been very rare when the '■ heaven-sent
gift" of honey may have been abused
in the same vile manner.

KILLING BEES

III Order lo Secure llieir Honey
and Wax.

Writtc7i Sor the American Bee Journal

BY REV. STEPHEN ROESE.

To kill bees for their honey and wax
in this enlightened age of the world,
where modern improvements, with
movable frames and hives, furnish
every possible way and means to ob-
tain the same without such barbaric
conduct, is a crime against apicul-
ture, which every intelligent man and
woman in the bee-keeping ranks of
this age condemns; and bee-keepers
practicing such, are unworthy to bear
this honorable name, nor should they
be recognized as pai'takers and mem-
bers of this industry.

As early as 1508, Jacob Nicol, in his
work on the right and wrong way of
bee-keeping, severely condemns the
practice of brimstoning bees for their
honey and wax ; and the late Francis
Huber denounced such conduct as
barbaric, cruel, and void of human
feelings, unworthy to be countenanced
by progressive apiculturists of this age
of the world ; and adds, further, that
those doing such, lack good sense and
judgment, and sound reasoning power,
for modern improvements, with mov-

able frames, have made bee-keeping
so plain that a child can understand it,
and handle l)ees successfully for both
profit and pleasure, securing larger
quantities of honey by means of the
extractor, free from pollen flavoi-, and
more marketable, and stimulating bees
to activity.

Who on earth, Huber continues, ever
heard of a man killing his milk cow to
get the milk ? or sheep, to get the
wool ? or the hens to get the eggs ?
What man would kill his horse because
feed in tlie barn is scant, but plentiful
in the market to be had for money.
Bee-keepers killing their bees for the
honey and wax, are not bee-keepers,
but bee-murderers, and should be
branded with a black mark.

The man who from a spirit of covet-
ousuess kills a man for his mone}',
which he has not earned, is one void
of all human feelings, with a con-
science hardened by such deeds. Civi-
lized communities condemn such acts,
and mark them as evil-doers, and ju.stly
so. Who has a right to take life which
he cannot give. God created all things
for the benefit of man, but not for
man to kill or destroy.

The industrious bee labors and toils
during the season, harming no one ;
but the enemies of this enei'getic in-
sect are many ; we hear of bears,
skunks, and the like, robbing and
killing bees, and the bees' friend — the
apiarist — becomes enraged, because of
his feelings and sympathy for his pets ;
and for such pests to be dealt with an
" eye for eye," or " tooth for tooth,"
should be no unjust rule. But what
shall we say of men bee-killers, v?ho
claim to stand on a level with intelli-
gent and civilized races of creatures —
the masterpiece and crowning work of
Creation. Old fogyism,who killed the
cow to get the milk, by close self-ex-
amination— lifting the curtain — they
would get a glimps of their company,
and a sight of the level on which they
stand.

Maiden Rock, Wis.

CALIFORNIA.

The Hot Wave Dried up the
Bfectar in the Flowers.

Written for the Rural Californian

BY C. N. WILSON.

There is no room for a question that
the honey crop of 1890 in Southern
California is about all gathered ; while
a large yield was obtained in some
localities, in others not much over half
an average crop was obtained.

It was supposed by most persons in-
terested in the business of bee-keeping
that 1890 would give an imprecedented

568

THE^ J^JIvHSMlCKm BE® JOURrcai,.

yield of liom-y, ami tin- (;o|)i()U.s rains
of the lal(; nxiiitlis of 1889, and Jau-
uary, I''cl)niary and March of 1890,
gave good grounds* for the supposition.

But it is not rain alone that gives us
flowers and nectar ; a warm, damp
atmosphere must surround the bloom
to produce tlic best results as a secre-
tion of nectar.

Hot winds will kill the bloom on
many shrubs and i)lants and dry up
the nectar in the bloom of any tr(«.
Even the bloom of tlu! blue-guni yields
to a north wind or a hot wave from
the desert.

Hot or north wiiuls have been so
j)revalenl during the latter part of
June, and so far in July, that in some;
places bees have ipnt storing honey,
and are now consuming their stores.
In such places the season is ended.

WHAT \VK KNOW.

The (pn,lity of honey produced this
year in .South(!rn (Jalifornia is eipuil to
any in this locality since 187(1, both as
to llavor, bo<ly and color. Much of it
is bright as a ray of light seen through
a dew-drop.

Spider-webs ouglit to be brushed oft
bee-hives to prevent tlie bees Ijciiig
caught in tlie webs, and that au old
broom is a good thing to use to do the
work with. A whitewash made of oni;
l)art of I'oitland ceuKMit to five (larts
of air-slacked lime, and a little salt
mixed with cold water and made (piiti^
thin, is as good or better tlian paint for
old bee-hives ; it will lill up cracks, and
kill the larva of bee-moth, anil look as
white as the? best p.'iint. It can be ap-
jilied rapidly with an old broom with
the haiidli^ cut oil', so as not to inter-
fere with rapid work.

WHAT WIC IIKAU.

That the honey sujiply in the San
Francisco market is greater than the
dcfmand ; that butlittli^ honey is chang-
ing hands in San Francisco on account
of the large supply of berries and
fruit.

The yi(dd of honey in most of the
Eastern Stat(!s is xcvy small— in some
places an entire failnr(^

San Diego county has proiliuM;d this
season, so far, more honey than was
produced in the whole! season of last
3'ear, and this year's honey is of nnich
better color and ipiality than that pro-
duced last year.

Sevfual |)arties are i)r(!paiing to es-
tablish apiaries in Arizona.

(Jarniolaii bees havti made a good
record this year as lioney-gatherers.

WHAT WK WOULD LIKIC.

To have the; bee-keepers of IIk! Sixth
("ongressional l>istrict meet in conven-
tion and form an association for mutual

benelil to lix prices for honey, to gra<le
honey, to obtain reduced rates as to
freight, both by land and water ; to
gel exact information as to the best
markets, both in the Eastern Stat(!s
and foreign countries ; to get informa-
tion exact aixl reliable as to where iIk;
best supplies, hives, .sections and api-
arian appliances can be obtained ; to
have this convention meet lu^fore the
incepting of our .State Legislature, and
.S(H! if some measures cannot be taken
to elVectually enforce the law relating
to foul brood among bees ; and that
the law be made uniform as to the
assessed valu(! of bees ; to know that
California bee-keepers were getting a
fair piic(!, six cents a pound, for good
sage honey.

BEE-ESCAPES.

Tlicir ■■ivviili«»ii Mild Pcrfecliuii
for <iiciicrHl Umc.

WrlUm /or the American Bee Joiiriuil

BY C. n. UIBBEISN.

Mr. Kecso has very fairly described,
on pag(! .'')07, my original horizontal
bee-escape, but 7iow claims that it is
old, and the invention of others. Now
let us see what Mr. Keese thought
about this, at the time I sent him the
diagram. Mr. K. says, in his letter of
Nov. 20, 1880, in regard to the origi-
nal (escape, which he now says is old,
and was well known :

Your escape will work like a charm ; tbo
ai>iilicati()n of the princiijje is novel, and if
yim will publish it now, you will do tlio
ri^jlil, tliinK, in my jiulj^ment, ami have i/)i-
dixpiilfil i>rliiril)i. lirinf^ it out now ; if
you wiiit live years, you may eh:iii)»e llus
nrnui(;ciueiit but a little, ami i>rciliably not
inipriivL', as tlio in-inciple is well eslali-
lislieti. as a nunihei" of parties, ineluilin^
myself, have it applied to doors and win-
dows of lumoy-housos.

Your a|>plicution of it, in a horizimtiil
position oil hives ix I'erlnlnly luiw.l tvilli
yoii: I had thought of using tlie pi-iiiciple
in nil empty T super, in a prrpciidii'iiUir
])r)Hitioii iiisteiKl of the eoiies, liiit cimld not
see any advaiitaj^e over the eoiies. hifl I
luid never Ihouijlil of uxhiii the lu>ri::i>nliil
libin.

Some of the above italics are my
own. If Mr. Kc^eso had readily
thought the diagram siuithim, old, and
of no account, lie would hardi}- hav(!
written all the above.

Now let us see what Mr. KiM'si!
ri'ally claims : He has admitted that
I inventeil tlu^ horizontal (escape, even
an improv(Uiient antedating his so-
called horizontal escape. He has now
practically admitted that I lirst in-
vented a Imrizonlitl escape, and that it
was placed msii/c the space, usually oc-
cupieil by the board.

Now, what Mr. R. really did do, was
to lake my second published pattern

(figure 4) and place it in a board on
the plan of m3- original escape, de-
scribed on page 507. It certainl3' does
not require any great invimtive genius
to make the escape a little difl'erent,
and nail it into a board, a little difVer-
enlly, and call it an original invention!
I want to ask bee-kee|)ers in general,
and Mr. Reese in particular, if it is en-
tirely fair to use my designs and prin-
cipU^s, which are not dis])Uted, in an
es('ai)e, and call it by their own name ?
I agree with Mr. H., that this ought to
settle it !

But Mr. Reese nor any of the numer-
ous bee-escape inventors have yet
learned all the kinks necessary to a
perfect bee-escape. It is true that
most of them will work under favor-
able conilitions, but what bee-keepers
want, and must have, is one that never
fails. Of course, no escape can ever
Ik; expcK'tcd to work if there is brood,
and perhaps a queen in the supers.

Mr. Reese says, in an article in a
laU; number of the Iteview : " I would
think the escape a good thing if it
would only clear out two-thirds of the
bees ill '24 hours." Well, now ! if I
had nothing better than that, I think I
should throw it way, and go back to
the old smoke-out plan ! Wouldn't
you ?

Now, about using so much smoke in
driving bees out of supers : Does it
not impart the llavor of smokeil ham to
our fiiu; coiub hoiK-y, that apparently
never leaves it again P

I have no objection to any bee-
keepers making and using any of my
publislied escapes, or making any im-
lirovcnKUits, or new ones of their own.
Like (copying a iiewsiiaper article,
however, they should give credit for
th<! parts thai ai'c copied. I have now
lierfei'ted the horizontal escape, and
have tried it in all reasonable ways,
and it has tiever failed with me, oi'
others, to mj' knowledge.

Rock Island Co., Ills.

VISITING.

Ilotv Some People Keep Been
Hiid Prodiiee Ilonc}'.

Tfrttfen for tlM American Bee Journal
BY J. W. TEKKT.

During a recent visit I saw at least
a thousand colonies of bees, ami about
fifty b<u>-keepers, and no two keep bees
on the same system — all have dilVoreut
plans.

One, in particular, has kcjjt bees for
thirty years, and his father before him
for forty years — so he says ; he has
' now 80 colonics in about as many dif-
I ferent kinds of hives. I stopped over
night with him, and talked "bees."
He is a member of the New York State

TJAiEi n.'mMRicmn bek journkil.

569

Uoe-K('0('iK'rs' Associatinn. a writer on
the subject of bees, and yet this man
never saw n, queen, nor a queen-cell,
and he could not tell brood from
honej'. He never examines the brood-
nest to see its condition, unless the
bees die. His theory is, to put surplus
apartments on all the hives, strong in
bees or weak, and " let them rip," on
Nature's way.

He is looking for swarms — he tliinks
more of a swarm than of tlio produc-
tion of honey. Ho said that it was
alwminable how they swarmed last
season (meaning astonisliing), but this
summer he and his wife have sat out
under the trees all day watching for
swarms. To hear this party talk, one
would naturally think tliat lie was
scientilii'.

I asked him to open a hive, to let me
see the inside. He went to the house,
and got a pail of water, a butcher-
knife, hammer and hatchet, and
ligiited tlie smoker, whieli was some-
thing like a lish-horn, which he said
he gave 25 cents for. Then he went
to the house again, and was gone a
long time; when he appeared, he had
liis winter overcoat on, a pair of
leather mittens, and his jjants tied to
his lioot-lcgs with a string ; over his
bat was a long, white mosquito-netting
— he looked like Hancho's ghost.

In his hand was a V(ul of the same
material, which ho iiaiided to me, tell-
ing me how to put it on, so as to cover
my hands. I smiled, and did as he
directed. Then he took a ball of
twine and ticil the netting below my
hands, around my body. He went
forward almost on tip-to(! to the hive,
put tlie smoker to his moulli on the
netting, and blew all the smoke he
could in at tlu; entrance, wliicli took
about five minutes.

I sat down on another hive, and
watched with keen interest. He re-
moved the " bonnet" (as he calls the
hive-cover), and then thi^ surplus case
(Heddon's). With the chisel and
hammer he ])ried up tin; honey-board,
which came up witii a snap, and
bounded oil' on the ground. He then
blew more smoke, and said to me,
"Look and see the inside of tlie hive;"
but I ask(Hl him where, as he had not
removed a frame. His reply was,
'•Oh, my! I never move them." But
I insist(Ml that he lift one frauK! out at
least, to let me see. Hi! said that he
was afraid it would destroy the colony.

After awhile he tried to pry out a
frame, but it would not move, as they
were glued so fast that the ends ot the
top-liars split and broke olV, so he
quit.

Now, the fun came in ; the bees got
very mad, and such a time in replac-
ing the honey-board! He said, "Let
us go in until the bees quiet down."

have

bee-
wilh

.So we went in, and I left him. I
suppose by this time the bees have
quieted down.

Now this man stdls (piitc a lot of
honey — ho says about ifCJOO worth a
year ; but lu^ does not leiiiove the
honey until after it freezes in the fall.
1 take it that lie is afraid of the bees,
and dare not go near them until cold
weatlun- drives the bees down into the
hive. If this is modern bee-keeping, I
want iioiK! of il ; but W) out of 10(1
bee-keepers are just like this one,
througli the country where I
been.

I met with another class of
keeiiers who were dissatisfuul
natural life — who want something of
(doser fellowship — some more special
duty to give (hem ardor for the possi-
ble consequences of their work. They
are earnest men, and tluu-e is no end
to their ell'orts to, rniprove, to imjiart ;
and when oiu^ end is reached, and its
diliiciiltics surmounted, another will
cpiickly |)reseiit itself to the aspiring
spirit ; and, before it is reached, another
dilliculty must be met.

He will) is doing the best he can in
bee-keeping, is .always improving ; his
best of yesterday is out-done to-day,
.and his best to-day will be out-done
to-moiTow. It is this steady progress,
no matter from what point it starts,
that forms the elements of all great-
ness and goodness. They think il ad-
visable to put one's heart into whatso-
ever work one may have to perform ;
but I think it wisdom to think well
before putting one's time or money in.

They are thi^ bee-keeiiers who think
existence is not worth having, unless
one is struggling with something and
trying to overcome it, and they gen-
erally are the men who, if they ex-
press a fact in bee-))apers, an anti-
quated beo-keep(!r will arisi' and say
that they must be mistaken.

NORTH CAROLINA.

A Itainltlc ill llie WcNlerii Pari
4>r iliiN i^iale.

WrlUcn for llic American DeeJcmmal

liV H. C. ORIFPITII.

In eonipany with a bee-kee|)iiig
friend, wi^ started for llic iiioiintaiiis of
Western North Carolina, crossing the
historic waters of Catawba river, 12
miles west of Cliarlolte. We took in
all the bee-frieuils on our route.

The lirst of any importance was a
gentleman near Newton, (!alavvba
county, who has 1-15 colonies in several
apiaries — soiiielhing to our surprise.
He had read but one text-book on api-
culture, does not read any bee-papers,
never had a smoker — u.ses a bunch of

rags to smoke with — yet without any
of the modern improvcmenis, ho
secured a good crop of honey last year
— nearly a ton. He uses the adjusta-
ble hive, as patented by Mitchell.

In passing through (iastoii, Liiiiolii,
(Jatawba and Uurke counties, we found
bees scarce—tons of honey going to
waste for the lack of bees to giilher it.
The above hive, American and (iolden,
are the only ones in use thai have
frames. The people of Burke county
are so badly " bitten " by the (iolden
bee-hive that they will not soon re-
iHiver from its scourge.

We passed through Hickory — a nice
little town, situated on a hill i>\erlook-
ing the South Mountain range. It is a
beautiful town, and nicely situated for
the bee-business, having two railroads
crossing at right angles. Leaving this
place, we next struck the town of Con-
nelly's Springs — a watering place of
some note ; taking in the water, and
the surroundings, we pronounced it
also a good place for bees, judging
from what we saw. Sour-wood, sumac
— two varieties abound — land is cheap.
We were told that sour-wood some-
times yields honey in great profusion,
even dropping from the blooiii, if
struck on the hand.

Our next drive was to Morgantown,
the county-scat of Burke county —
mostly noteil for (iolden bee-hives —
this was the head-quarters for the
agent some years ago. But few bees
are kept around Morgantown. One
man took considerable stock in the
(iolden hive, and now has 3 colonies,
the result of patent vifuders.

Our next call was at (lien Alpine
Station. This little town, situated on
the railroad, is surrounded by the head
waters of Soulli Fork riveron one side,
and South Mountains on the other,
giving a splendid outlet for a boe-
fariii, but still we found no bees to
gather up the wasting neetai'. At this
place we were told that houey-dew fell
last winter until the leaves on the
ground were wet.

(ilen Alpine was as far as we could
go, on account of continuous rain. We
had gone iirepared to hunt bees in the
mouiitains.but were hindered by cloudy
and rainy weather. 1 have no "axe
to grind," nor. am I a land agent, but
it seems to me that if some of our
Northern bee-men would go lo these
cheap lands, they certainly would bet^
ter their (condition. There are large
districts of iinoecupied land that can
be bought cheap — at one dollar to live
dollars pel' acre — that would yield
tons of honey, and grajies, apjilcs and
other small fruits in great atnindance.

On the evening of July 31 we started
homeward by another route, scattering
copies of bee-papers as ojiportiinity
presented, until our supply was ex-

570

's-'mm mmtrnmi^MM mmm jommnmiL.

hausted. Reaching home on Aug. 2,
we found a swarm of bees hanging on
a tree, awaiting our arrival to care for
them.

Bees, with us, did poorly until July
came in, and since they have been on
a boom. If the present prospect holds
out, we will have a fair crop of honey.
Cotton, peas and buckwheat are our
summer crop ; later comes sumac,
golden-rod, aster, and other fall
flowers. The aster especiallj' is a
never-failing crop here.

Griffith, N. C, Aug. 4, 1890.

COMB HONEY.

management or Bees for Comb
Honey Production.

Read at a Maine Convention

BY CHAS. A. PRAY.

I have used hives which take both
the Simplicity and the Gallup frame.
As to the size of the two frames, I
could not see any advantage one has
over the other, for I used them in bee-
houses, which, I think, are far morg
convenient than out-door hives at
present.

All who have handled bees know, or
should know, that to get the most
honey, we want as many bees as pos-
sible at the lirst honey-flow, and to
prevent swarming as much as possible,
which this system, in a measure, will
overcome. In order to till our hives
with bees, we should see that they have
plenty of honej" in the hive, iu the
early spring. We should also stimu-
late them to brood-rearing bj' feeding,
by some of tlie mauj' ways familiar to
the apiarist.

My Simplicity hives have ten frames.
The entrance to the hive is in one cor-
ner under the end of tlie frames, and is
six inches long bj' one-half inch wide.
I wish to have the ten frames full of
bees and hatching brood at the tin'ie of
the first honey-flow. My hives were so
arranged that when I put on sections,
the three frames to one side over the
entrance are not covered by the supers.
I now remove these other frames and
bees enough with them to take care of
the brood. These may be placed in
an emptj- hive, with frames from
other swarms, and may be given a
(jueen ; they will soon be read}' for the
sections, or they may be kept queen-
less until after the honey-flow is over,
and then be united with the old col-
onies.

I place frames with narrow strips of
foundation in them in the space where
I have removed the frames of brood.
The bees will naturally begin to draw
this foundation out, as the hive is full
of brood, and no room for honey. As

soon as thej- have comb enough iu
these frames, and begin to fill it with
lioney, I remove these frames, extract
the honey from them, cut out the
comb, and place the frames back.
Now this comb wliicli has been taken
from them, I cut in pieces the exact
size to fill the section. I use all the
comb I get during the season, which
will be quite a quantity, by placing it
in the sections, and putting them back
on the hives, to be mended up and
filled with honey for the surplus. If
they do not store comb enough in these
frames to keep the sections full, use
full sheets of foundation by all means.
The principle of this system is, that
by having plenty of room above in the
sections and at the side, over the en-
trance in these frames, we can control
swarming, and thereby get more
honey. I have run 200 colonies this
waj', with increase 'of only 5 swarms
by natural swarming. This has been
my experience in running bees for
comb honey in Colorado, by this sys-
tem, where I have produced 8 tons of
honey in one season.

NEW YORK.

Report as to tlie Sea§on and the
Honey Crop.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY C. V. LINDSEY.

Since I commenced bee-keeping,
which was over 40 years ago, I have
never spared the time to report my
own or my neighbors' crops, but think-
ing that most of the reports published
in bee-papers misstate the amount of
this year's crop, also the losses of last
winter, I think that never since I com-
menced reading the reports, which
was some 17 years ago, have I felt so
inclined tovvards correcting erroneous
statements, especially of city dealers,
as at this time.

I receive weekly prices from some
of the heaviest dealers in Bufi'alo, and
also from persons in other places, who
have learned my address somewhere,
as I always stamp all of my No. 1
honey, let it go where it will ; and I
have spent some time in gatliering
estimates, as the full and correct
amount of the crop cannot be com-
puted, as most bee-keepers have been
too busj" to harvest (from tlie liives, I
mean) the present crop.

Commencing at home, I have secured
moi'e than an average crop ; others
near here report " light to fair." M.
Gillson, the next largest apiarist in
town, I'eports "fair." In towns east
of me, N. Huntington, E. L. Eighmy,
and Mr. Hurlburt report " light." At
Pearl Creek, Mr. Perkins says "fair."
Then iu Covington, Mr. Newman re-

ports " very light ;" in Perry, Mr.
Benedict and Mr. Grisewood say
"light;" and iu Warsaw reports are
unfavorable.

Now honey-dealers are misleading
their patrons by urging shipments, and
telling them the crop is heavy, I think,
and it should be corrected.

The most of the above, report winter
losses from 10 to 75 per cent., es-
pecially those who wintered their bees
in cellars. Those who wintered bees
out-of-doors, well packed, sufi'ered but
little, and the bees came through
strong and healthy; but the spring
being late and backward, few swarms
issued before June 25, that being the
date of my first swarm. Then the
rush commenced, and continued for
three weeks. On July 13, the highest
was 14 swarms ; and they began to
decline, so that on July 18 closed the
busiest season I ever experienced, the
ba.sswood then being at its best, and
all hands started business in earnest.

As I had become discouraged, I
started afresh, and mj' bees filled my
•' dishes" as fast as I could " set them
out," putting on 4,260 sections on June
25, and I continued as fast as other
business would allow.

On July 26 I commenced taking oflf
honey, and found as many as 84 sec-
tions finished on a few of my best colo-
nies, and 56 on most of the rest, part
of them being new swarms, hived on
10 Langstroth frames on old stands.

The prospect for a late crop is good,
but I think that tlie weather has most
to do with it, as there may be plenty,
and bad weather prevents the bees
from securing it. If the heart's-ease
and golden-rod yields enough to keep
the bees away from honej'-dew, or
"bug-juice," as some call it, who will
mourn ?

Last 3-ear the late honey w-as fine,
and the hives were tilled without feed-
ing when preparing for winter. I
shook the bees from the combs of a
few uncertain colonies that had yielded
no surplus, and extracted the honey,
which was very fine.

I packed most of my 122 colonies on
the summer stands, putting 29 into the
cellar under the living-rooms in the
house, on Dec. 12, and put them out
on April 16, seemingly as strong as
when put in ; but, lo ! the cold weather
proved too much, for most of them
dwindled to a handful or two. I
doubled some of them to save them,
but tliey never recovered to gather
over half as much as those left out.

My 122 colonies were reduced to
121, spring count, but I doubled to
115, then increased to 158, and re-
turned about 100 swarms — some into
their own hives, and some into hives
casting swarms the day before.
Attica, N. Y., Aug. 11, 1890.

TMIE SMERICHlIf mUM J©ia^RJHJ£lLr.

571

ARIZONA.

Honey - liHlii§try of §sill Kivcr
Valley.

Written for, the Pacific Rural Press

BY GEO. KAY MILLER.

A few years ago, as an experiment,
a few colonics of bees were brought to
tliis part of Arizona. Being a success,
otliers followed. All the honey pro-
iluced brought 8 cents per pound,
which soon created quite a demand for
bees. As usual, the rage for bees
cooled oft', and to-day manj' hives can
be bought for first cost of material —
bees, hone}-, wax or whatsoever they
might chance to contain, all thrown in
for good measure. Last spring I
bought out a small a])iary of 75 colo-
nies for $2.00 per colon}-, when the
same apiary was set up at a cost of
.|2.50 for the new, empty hive.

Last season the bee-keepers of this
county organized an association, but
failed to eft'ect much as to business.
Our local merchants threw a wet blan-
ket over the thing, and thought that it
had ceased to exist.

The spring of 1890 opened very
favorable to the bee-keepers, so the
call for the bee-keepers brought out
a large attendance, resulting in an in-
corporation with five directors, who,
as a prime movement, " fired out" the
old coal-oil package, and with the fir-
ing out, a few went oft" at a tangent,
still adhering to the flavor of " coal-
oil in theirs."

Now for our export : Our honey-as-
sociation met, and we were stalled over
the situation. We counted up, and we
found three cars of honey on hand,
and extractors all running. Our in-
spector found that he had a delicate
job to grade the honey. Just look
around and see where your hat is, and
how far it is to the door, before you
tell the lady of the house that she
does'nt make good butter ; and it is
about the same when you condemn the
flavor of honey — sometimes !

But we get back to business : The
Maricopa Bee-Keepers' Association has
one car of No. 1 honey in new packa-
ges, and expects to ship to Chicago in
a few days. This hone}' is mostly con-
tributed near Phoenix. Tempe has two
cars of honey mostly in old coal-oil
packages, which will go to Chicago
soon. All told, up to date, of this sea-
son's crop, about b carloads of honey
have been produced in this valley. Our
merchants had gotten prices pretty
well demoralized, but our corporation
has set the price of No. 1 honey at 5
cents per pound, and the value of the
package added.

We have had a sample of our alfalfa
honey passed on by Mr. A. I. Root, of

Medina, O., and is pronounced equal
to the best of clover honey of the East
— so it is no very hard matter to get at
the value of our honey in the Eastern
markets.

Since writing the above, I can add
that the Maricopa Bee-Keepers' Associ-
ation starts a ear to Chicago on July
22. The honey is sold at 7 cents per
pound. Another car will go soon.

Tempe, Ariz,, July 19, 1890.

COiVVENTION DIRECTORY.

1890. Tlvie and place of meeting.

Aug. 19.— Northern Illinois, at Harlem, Ills.

D. A. Fuller, Sec., Cherry Valley, Ills.

Aug. 29.— Haldimand. at South Cayuga. Ont.

E. C. Campbell, Sec, Cayuga, Ont.

Sept 10.— Ionia County, at Ionia, Mich.

H. Smith. Sec , Ioni.a. Mieh.

Oct. 8.-S. W. Wisconsin, at Platteville, Wis.

B. Rice, Sec, Boscobel, Wis.

Oct. 15.— Central Aliehigan, at Lansing, Mich.

W. A. Barnes, Sec, Lansing, Micb.

Oct. 29-31.— International American, at Keokuk, la.
C. P. Dadant, Sec. Hamilton. Ills.

Oct.— Missouri State, at Mexico. Mo.

J. W. Rouse, Sec, Santa Fe, Mo.

In order to have this table complete,

Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — The Editor.

International Bee-Association.

President— Hon. R. L. Taylor.. Lapeer, Mich.
Secretary-— C. P. D;idant Humllton, Ills.

ITational Bee-Keepers' Union.

President — James Heddon ..Dowag-iac, Mich.
Sec'y. and Manager— T. G. Newman, Chicago.

Uees did »lo«lei-ateIy YVell.

Bees have done moderately well here
this season. Although it is very dry now,
we had an abundance of moisture in the
forepart of the season, and as we have the
best soil on earth tor withstanding drouth,
as well as excessive wet weather, we do not
have to report failure, neither tor honey
nor other crops ; at the same time, season-
able showers would be of vast benefit to us
now. Clover having never gained any ex-
tensive foothold here, we do not get much
clover honej-, but as it does well when
sown, we have great hopes foi* it in the
future. Our honey is from buck-brush,
basswood, buckwheat and golden-rod,
principally. I am stocking up with Car-
niolans this season. J. W. Steel.

Moorehead, Iowa, Aug. 8, 1890.

Poor S<>a son in Ontario, Canada.

It has been a poor honey season here, but
I am in a poor location for bees, being one
mile from town, and there are many bee-
men all around me, and in town, until the
locality is overstocked. I had my 4 colo-
nies on the summer stands packed with
hard-wood shavings, and they came out
strong in the spring. I took off 200 pounds
of honey, and had 5 colonies, all in good
condition. One mau out in the country
has taken 3,000 pounds off already, and is

ready to extract again, from 40 colonies,
spring count. How is that for Ontario, this
poor season ?

I have transplanted a lot of catnip, and
it is doing well. I believe that it is a good
honey-plant. I have watched the bees
closely, but 1 never saw them work on
goldeurod. I like the form of the " Honey-
Almanac," and think that it is just the
thing to create a big demand for honey.

J. P. LOCKWOOD.

Owen Sound, Ont., Aug. la, 1890.

But Liittle KasMVt'ood Honey.

The honey crop is very poor in this
locality ; clover and basswood yielded but
little. Honey-bees are now working on
buckwheat and autumn flowers, which maj-
produce enough honey for winter stores.

C. J. DnX.iLDSOX.

Lapeer, Mich., Aug. 11, 1890.

Honey Crop Almost a Failure.

The early drouth in June (it still con-
tinues) cut off the clover crop with almost
everything else, so that there is no surplus,
nor even. enough to keep the j-oungswarms.
All colonies have run down so weak that if
we have a fall harvest, we will have no
bees to gather it. The prospect is bad for
winter. P. P. Collier.

Rush Hill, Mo., Aug. 11, 1890.

More Favorable Prospects.

Bees are doing very little in Western
Connecticut this season, though the out-
look in the spring was quite encouraging.
The white clover was extra in quantity,
but the wet weather and cold nights kept
the bees back so much that I had to feed
them to keep them alive ; but now they are
strong, and things look favorable for some
honey this fall, but none from white clover
worth speaking of. From 32 colonies I
have 3 swarms. Honey must be higher in
price this fall than usual.

H. H. Knapp.

Danbury, Conn., Aug. 11, 1890.

Bees in Poor Condition.

I wish I could write something more en-
couraging from this corner of Missouri,
but the fact of the matter is, that we can
only report no swarms, no honey, and bees
starving out the last of July. We had a
cold, dry spring, and terribly hot and dry
summer. We have had some good rains
lately, and the bees are doing better uow,
but we cannot hope for much fall honey,
as the bees are not in a condition to gather
it, even if the flow should come.

L. G. Pi-RVis.

Forest City, Mo., Aug. 11, 1890.

My Experience with Bees.

Last spring I bought one colony of bees
in a box hive, which I transferred into a
Chautauqua hive on June 18, while at that
date they were on the verge of starvation.
After transferring they commenced work
rapidly, and now I have taken 75 pounds
of honey from them ; while my other colo-
nies, which have swarmed once and twice,
have averaged only about -tO pounds. So
I have concluded to keep my bees from
swarming, and buy increase, especially
black bees. The Amekica.^c Bee Jouksal
is found in the homes of a great many bee-
keepers here, and is praised very highly by
all who read it. H. C. Farnvm.

Aristotle, N. Y., Aug. 8, 1890.

572

XH© mmtmmi^mM mmm j^^'ummmi^.

UeeKeepiujs: in Connecticut.

I see no reports from bee-keepers in this
State ; I think that the reason is, they have
nothing favorable to report I do not
think that bees ever went through the win-
ter with so little loss — the weather was so
mild, that they flew a great deal. The
consequence was, they consumed all their
stores, and, on May 1, they were in a
starving condition, and there was so much
cold and stormy weather that they scarcely
held their own, up to June 20. I lost one
colony by starvation. The consequence is,
there is very little increase. I bad only 10
swarms from 43 colonies — about one-half
of what I had from 17 colonies last year.
Many of the bee-keepers in this vicinity,
that had from 5 to 10 colonies, had no
swarms.

There has been p?enty of white clover,
but the bees did not seem to gather much
honey. They have been idle, staying on
the outside of the hives, and had the ap-
pearance of swarming, for more than a
month. They are not on the outside as
much now. I do not know whether they
have gone to work or not. I prevailed on
inj- neighbors, by furnishing the seed, to
sow seven or eight acres of buckwheat. I
suppose that the bees have just commenced
work on it. Perhaps with the buckwheat
blossoms and fall flowers, they may obtain
a sufficient supply for the coming winter.
R. B. Wheatox.

Middlebury, Conn., Aug. 13, 1890.

<;i.lJBBI3l« LIST.

IVe Cliilt the Amerioan Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted iij the liAST
column. The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Joui-nal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book ;

Price of both. Club
The American Bee Journal $1 00

and Gleanings iu Bee-Culture 2 00 1 7.5

Bee-Keepers' Guide I.tO.-.. . 140

Bee-Kefiiers' Review 150.. . 140

The Apieulturist 17.5 16.5

Bee-Keepers' Advance 1 .50 140

Canadian Bee Journal 2 00 ... 180

The 7 above-named papers 525 500

and Laugstroth Revised (Dadant) 3 00 2 75

Cook's Manual (1887 edition) 2 2.5.. . 2 00

Quinb.v's New Bee-Keeping:. 2 50 2 25

Doolittle on Queen-Rearing-. 2 00 175

Bees and Honey (Newmaa). . 2 00 1 75

Binderfor Am. Bee Journal. 160 150

Dzierzon's Bee-Uook (cloth). 3 00 2 00

Root's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25 ... . 210

Farmer's Account Book 4 00 2 20

Western World Guide 150.... 130

Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150 140

A Year Among- the Bees 1 50 1 35

Convention Hand-Book 150. .. 130

Weekl.v 1 uter-Ocean 2 00 1 75

Toronto Globe (weckl.v) 2 00 170

History of National Society. 150 125

American Poultry Journal.. 2 25 150

The Lever (Temperance) 2 00 175

l>o not send to us for samjjle copies
of any other papers. Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want

Uee-Keepin;; tor Pi-otit, by Dr.

G. L. Tinker, is a new 50-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted honey, and the construction of
the hive best adapted to it — his "Nonpareil."
The book can be had at this ofiice for 35
cents.

-?r^

iiijminiii

al,fre:i> h. we^vbiIam,

BUSINESS MANAGER.
IZZZZZZZZZXXZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ]

Sxisiucss Entices.

Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should notify us at once.

It;^" Send us one new subscription, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

Its'" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price *1. 00
per hundi'ed, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

Jt^" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this ofiice at 35 cents per ounce, by express.

It^" Send us two new subscriptions, with
$3.00, and we will present you with a
" Globe " Bee-Veil for your trouble. (See
the fuller notice in the advertising col-
umns.)

H^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

1^" Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Jourxal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

|t^= Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our JouK-
nal at .$1.85 for the two; or with both our
Home Journal and Bee journal for $3.25
for all three papers.

1[^" As there is another finn of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write American Bee
JoitrjWit on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

H^" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifiing. Prices :

For 50 colonies (120 pages) Jl 00

" 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 25

" 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

1^*" When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book
liy maU, postpaid. It seUs at 50 cents.

t^" A "Binder" made especially for
the American Bee Journal, and lettered
in gold, makes a very convenient way of
preserving the copies of the Bee Journal
as fast as they are received. We offer it,
postpaid, for 60 cents ; or as a premium for
two new subscriptions, with $2.00. It can-
not be mailed to Canada.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

CHICAGO, Aug. 16.— Comb honey is held
very firmly this week, and the prices for white
in pound sections range from 14(5*150, and
some fancy at 16c, but the bulk of the sales
are at 15c. Demand is quite good, and more
could be sold than is coming. Extracted, 6®
8c; there are free offerings of California at
6(Si7c. H. A. BURNETT, 161 S. Water St.

NEW YORK, Aug. 11.— We quote Southern
extracted at 65(r^70c per gallon: orange blos-
som, 7i2i7'/2C per pound: California, G(gl7c. No
new comb arrived as yet. Beeswax, dull at
27c, and a further decline is expected.

HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,

28-30 West Broadway.

KANSAS CITY', Aug. 9.— The receipts of
comb and extracted honey are very light; de-
mand for comb is good at 14@15c for white
1-lbs. ; dark 1-lbs., 12(nii;3c. Very little de-
mand for extracted vet. Beeswax, 22((7i25c.
CLEMON'S, MASON & CO..

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

CHICAGO, Aug. 9.— New honey arriving
very slowly, demand active, and all receipts
are taken promptly. Wc quote: White clover
1-lbs., 14®15c; 2-lbs., 12i/4@13c; dark 1-lbs.,
ll@,12c; 2-lbs.. 9®10c. Extracted meets with
quick sale, values ranging from 6i4®7!4 cts.,
depending upon quality and style of package.
Beeswax, 28®30c.

S. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, August 6.— Demand is good
for the new crop, and receipts are very light.
White 1-lbs.. 15c. ; 2-lbs.. 13@14c. Dark 1-lbs.
12@13c. : 2-lbs., 12c. Extracted, white, 7c.:
dark, 5@6o.

HAMBLIN & BEARSS. 514 Walnut St.

MILWAUKEE, July 14. -The demand for
honey is good for this season of the year. The
supply of old crop is fair— equal to the de-
mand. We can quote: White 1-lbs., choice,
13@.l-ic; medium white 1-lbs., 12®13C; dark
1-lbs., good, 10®llc: white extracted in bar-
rels and half barrels, 7(5'7^.4c; white extracted
in kegs and tin cans, 7'j®8c; dark, in barrels
and kegs, 6@6Hc. Beeswax, 28®30e.

A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Wat«r St.

DETROIT. Aug. 12.— Very little new comb
honey in the market, and it is selling at 14®
15c. 'Extracted, 7@8c. Beeswax, 26@27c.
M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.

DENVER. Aug. 7.— Old honey all gone. New
crop is arriving freely. Prospect good for a
fall crop. We quote: 1-lbs.. 14@16c. Extrac-
ted, 6(g>8c. Beeswax, 2fl®25c.

J. M. CLARK COM. CO.. 1517 Blake St.

BOSTON, Aug. 15.— New honey is coming in
and we are selling at 18c. Extracted, 7®8c.
Beeswax. .'^Oc. for fancy j-ellow.

BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.

CINCINNATI, Aug. 12.— Good demand for
comb and exti-acted honey. Arrivals are in-
sufficient for the demand. We quote best
white comb at 14@16c. Extracted at 5@8c.
Beeswax is in fair demand at 24®26c on arri-
val for good to choice yellow.

C. F. MUTH & SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

Cilobe Bee-Veils. — Here are two
letters received— from two of our corres-
pondents,and are about like scores of others,
showing how the Globe Veils suit those
who have them. Not one objection has
ever yet been received :

Send me two more Globe Bee-Veils for
my neighbors. I like mine very much. —
J. B. DuNLAP, Rochester, Ind., July 17,
1890.

The two Globe Bee-Veils came by return
mail. Thanks for promptness. I find them
just as neat and clean as new (the soiling
is so slight). They are indeed sure protec-
tion against bee-stings, mosquitoes, etc. —
JohnHager, Jr., Arabi, La., July 16, 1890.

fmm MmumMicKm mmm joijrnki,.

573

CATARRH.

CATARRHAL DEAFNESS-HAY FEVER.
A Neiw Home Treatment.

Sufferers ore not generally aware that
these diseases are contagions, or that they
are dne to the presence of living parasites
in the lining membrane of the nose and
eustachian tubes. Microscopic research,
however, has proved this to be a fact, and
the result of this discovery is that a simple
remedy has been formulated whereby
catarrh, catarrhal deafness and ha^ fever
are permanently cured in fi-om one to three
simple applications made at home by the
patient once in two weeks.

N. B. — This treatment is not a snuff or an
ointment; both have been discarded by
reputable physicians as injurious. A
pamphlet explaining this new treatment is
sent free on receipt of stamp to pay pos-
tage, by A. H. Dixon & Son, o37 and 339
West King Street, Toronto, Canada. —
Christian Advocate.

Sufferers from Catarrhal troubles should
carefully read the above.
50E26t Iraly.

ConTentinn 3folioe!i>.

t^~ The Northern Illinois Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, will hold its fall meetinK .^t Harlem, Ills., on
AuE. 19. 1891 1. D. A. FlTLLEH, Sec.

tt^~ The Southwestern Wiscon-sin Bee-Keepers'
Society, wilt meet on Oct. 8, lb90, at the residence of
E. France, Platteville. Wis. B. RiCE, Sec.

B^~ The Cortland Union Bee-Keei)ers' Associa-
tion, will hold their Annual Basket Picnic at the
Floral Trout Park, in Cortland. N. V.. Tuesday'
Aug. 19, ISyii. Essays will be in order. All come.
M. U. Fairbanks, Sec.

8?^ The fall meeting of the Central Michigan
Bee-Keepere' Association, will meet in the Pioneer
Rooms, Capitol Building, Lansing, Mich., on Wed-
nesday, Oct. 15, IHyo, to commence at lo a.m.

W. A. Barnes, Sec.

Folding Paste-Board Box

FOK C:<>.YIK IIO.^Kl'.

IT HOIiltS A SKC'TIOIV of Comb Honey,
l>resei-\'ing i1 Ir-om dust and dirt in a Store,
and the "rpd-tiiiic" handle makes it convenient
lor the purchaser to carry it, home.

The label shown ou the Box, is our "No. 5
Gummed Label," hut any of the Gummed
Labels can be put on them, by the honey-
producer.

J»ostei*s for the American' Bee Journal,
printed iu two colors, will bo sent free to
all who can use them. They are handsome,
and will " set off " an exhibit at Fairs. It
will tell bee-keepers how to subscribe, for
"Subscriptions Received Here" is quite
prominent at the bottom.

We will also send sample copies of the
Bee Journai,, for use at Fairs, if notieed a
■week or ten days iu advance where to send
them.

^ducvtiscincuts.

We can furnish these Folding- Boxes for one-

■ pound Sections, 414x4)4, for $1.00 per 10,0, or

I $8.50 per 1,000, by express. The name and

I address of the honey-producer will be priuted

on 1,000 or less, for 75 cents extra.

I A Job Lot of Folding Boxes, which will

hold Sectious nx'^ inohegfor less, will be sold

I at only SO cenis per 100. OKDEK EARLY

to get these, as the supply is limited.

I THOniAJ* <;. NEW'illAN «c SOTS,

I 246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Mention the A.mcrican Dee Journal.

Choicest Italiiiii

11:5

i Septemljer, 1880. N
Send for Price-Llst,

Purely bred — Purely
MATED. Won first prem-
ium over all competitors
at Buffalo International,
ONE Better in America I
Order early.

PEVCKE BROS. & CO.,

JOBBERS OF HONEY,

OMAHA, NEBRASKA.
Our Honey Market is one of the best in the
U. ,S. We make liberal advances on consig-u-
ments. Should be pleased to open correspon-
dence. Satisfactory References furnished
34Alt PEYCKE BROS. & CO.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

NOW FILLY TESTED A SUCCESS !

The New Dibbern Bee-Escape.

THE New Bee-Escape has now been fully
tested, and recently g-reatlv improved. 1
now offer them for sale, by mail. ^nc. for sam-
ple, or *:i.00 per dozen. Complete Boards, 60c
or $.3.00 per dozen by express.

3.'}A2t C. H. DIBBERN, milan, IJls.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Great reduction in price. Former iM'ices
I superseded. Select tested, SI. 50 ; Tested, 75c.
I Five Apiaries to draw from. Can ship by re-
turn mail in any quantity.

E. ID- KZEIEJISTE'ir,

Importer and Breeder,

:i3Atf
Mention the American Bee Journal.

SPECIAL DISCOUNT

ON HIVES.

IN order to keep our factory running during-
the fall and winter months, we will make
a discount of 10 per cent, on all orders for
Hives received t)efore Jan. 1, 1891, and after
that date, until March 1, we will make a dis-
count of 5 per cent, from our Catalogue
prices.

The experience of the last season should
prompt every bee-keeper to have his supply of
Hives, etc., on hand before the season com-
mences, and avoid the rush.

THOS. O. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

♦^E'mhthvKditHnit.liisttriiblislKMl^

NeM' :iu<l ICeviHe<l Ktlition

BEES ^ HONEY,

OR THE

Management of the Apiary

■ FOR PLEASURE AND PROFIT

THOMAS G-. NEWMAN,

Editor 0/ Die American Bee Journal.

This edition has been ]ars"oIj re-written,
thoroughly rcvisod, and is "fuliv up with the
times" in iill the improvements and inventions
in this rapid ly-ilevelopinfr i^mrsvi it. aud presents
the apiarist "with everything- that can aid in
the successful nianag-emcnt of an apiary, and
at the same time produce the most honey in
an attractive condition. It contains 250
pages and 245 illustrations — is beautifully
printed in the hip-hest style of the art. and
bound in cloth, gold lettered. Price, $1.00—
postpaid.

Liberal Discount to dealers, by the dozen
or hundred.

THOMAS G. NEWMAir & SON,
246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

This new edition of our Bees and
Honey will be given as a Premium for only
llir«?'e now ji^iibsci-ibers^ with *3.00;
or clubbed with this Jouhxal for :?1.75.

1 SEES AND HONEY

I e a ^Ironari'stt He»t ami

£ titp M l.i- F-mVlif'.Tallpurpos-

l :^i"ly. Soml 'dur ad-

I artTfPt Bee-TIWeFac-

r In tl c\'^ orlA ("T sample ccipy of

OT'.ln fti'i- Culture (a Jl iHus-

il7), aii(i a 44 p. iHus-

\ of I Eee> Creepers*

^-uppllcB. ur A I! C or Uee Cul-

vuPv; .. .. ..jw...,.-...ia of 4110 pp., fl,\10. kLd

fifO L'utt. Price in cloth. $l-l'.i (XT' Mmtion

s paper. A- I. ROOT, Medina, O.

FOR TRUE-BLOOD CARNIOIANS

S

EE our Advertisement iu .7uly otli Num-
ber of tliis Vaper— page 462.

J. B. M.iSON & SONS,

:llAtf MECHANIC FALLS, ME.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Prices Reduced.

QELECT TESTED QUEENS, H.irK Warran-
O led Queens. 7.5 cents— 6 for $4.00. Make
Money Orders i.niyable at Nieholasville, Ky.
14Etf J. T. WILSON, Little Hiekmau, ky.

'St

Inieiicaii f^arniolaiis. J{SZ-m-Zil^Z

■^ uies— uuly^'oue swarmed this season. Very
gentle, good honey-gatherers. Dry weather
disposed of drones near me. Select Untested
Queens, $1.00. Safe arrival guaranteed.
:)2A4t E. F. QuiGLEY, Unionville, Mo.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Ill Tlifliuit One Untested Italian Queeu,73c.,
All, 111(511 ; 3 for .$2.00; Tested, $1.. 50. One
Untested Carniolan Queen, $1.00, 3 for $2.30;
Tested, $2.00. ISees by the pound and Nucleus.
Send for Price-List. Reference— First National
Bank. H. G. FRAME, North Manchester, Ind.
22Etf

Mention the American Bee Journal

$3.00 «

WILL BUY.

tl"S^ I will close out mv Apiary
of over 100 Colonies of Bees iu
flue condition, at $.3 per Colony
—good Colonies, good Hives, with enough hon-
ey to winter on. Address,
:S4Atf J. A. KING, mankato, minu.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

574

Tmm mm^mmi^MM mmm jo^mkmi*.

HONEYJOXES

A foldimWr box

rnit

PROTECTING SECTIONS OF HONEY.

For Shippers and Retailers.

,,- .^>^>-^^^^---^— »^^...-^^^^^-^^-.»;~.^^j>^>^A^^^A^>^«^«^*^«»«»«^»^*<

All boxes printed with ynuv Business Card on

front if desired.

Samples and Prices on application.

MUNSON&CO.,

30Ai3t New Haven, Conn.

Mentmn the American Bee Journal.

Jones' Frame Pliers.

Tin Pails for Honey.

^PHESE Pails have full covers, and are excellent
X for selling Honey in the Home Market: and
after tiie Honey granulates in them, it can be
shipped anywhere wiih perfect safety. All sizes
have a bail.' or handle, and when empty are useful
in every household.

The engraving shows STRAIGHT
TIN PAILS, of which there are 3 sizes,
holding respectively 3, 5 and 10 lbs. of
Honey. Assorted Samples of the 3
sizes will be sent by express for 40 cts.
In quantities, the prices are:

Per doz. Per 100
Gallon, . . holds ir) lbs. . . . Ji.so. . . ,|r2.oo
■,.-Gallon, holdaslbs.... 1.50.... H.iK)
Cjuart, holds 3 lbs 1.20... 7.0<J

The second engraving represents
THK TAPERING TIN PAILS-
made heavier and stronger than
those with straight sides. The
covers are deeper, and the top-
edge of the Pail is doubled over,
making it smooth and convenient
to handle. Of the Tapering Pails
there are five sizes, viz : 1-lb., 4-lb.,
7-lb.. 13-lb., and 25-lb. Assorted

Samples of these will be shipped

by express for 7.^ cents. In quantities, the prices
are as follows ;

To hold 1-lb. •l-lbB.
Perdozen, I .75.... 11.25..
Per UKi. 5.00 8.00..

THOS. a. NEWM-IN * SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

FOK talcing frames out of hives, or
moving them in any way desired. It is
made of Japanned iron, and can beutiized
ii many ways. It has a long claw for loos-
ening frames, and a hook which maybe used
for carrying other frames besides the one
held by the Pliers. Price, 40 cents., by mail.
By express, 30 cents.

THOS. G. VEWMAN & SON,
246 East Madison St., CHICAGO, ILL.

QUEENS! QUEENS! QUEENS!

By Return Mail,

As FINE A I^OT as was ever reared, at the
following low rates— purity and safe
arrival guaranteed ;

Tested, each *^'?S

Warranted, each 1 .00

per dozen 9.00

Untested, each 75

'* per dozen 8.00

Will state that these Queens are all reared
from our best honey-gathering strains, in full
colonies. We are one of the oldest and largest
breeders in America. Give us a trial order.
Address,

W. W. GARY, - COLERAINE, fflASS.

Please Mention the .\mcrican Bee Journal.

31.\tt

The Lever.

7-lb8.

13-lbs.

2o-lbs.

.» 1.50..
. 10.00..

..* 2.00..
.. 14.50..

..* 3.25
.. 23.00

British. Bee Joiirxial

AND BEE-KEEPBES' ADVISER,

IS published every week, at 68. 6d. per
annum. It contains the very best practical
Information for the apiarist. It is edited by
Thomas Wm. Cowan, F.G.S., F.R.M.S., etc, and
published by John Huckle, King's Langley,
Herts, England.

CANADIAN QUEENS!

GIVE THEM \ XBIAL,-

Italians, Virgin...
Untested

Tested -

Select Tested,

Earli, PerTlirff. Per'.^Boi,
( 40.. ..$1.00....* 1.7.5
1.00 ... 2.7.i.... .■>.00
1 .50.... .3.75.... 7,00
2.00.... 6.00.... 10.00

B. F. HOI.TEKMANN,

ROMNEY, Kent Co., ONT.

Address

27A8t
Mention the American Bee Journal.

Bee -Hives, Sections, &c.

On and after Feb. 1, 1890, we will sell our
No. 1 V-groove Sections in lots of .500 as fol-
lows: Less than 2,I100 at $3.50 per thousand;
2,000 to 5,000 at $3.00 per thousand. Write
for special prices on larger quantities. No. 2
Sections $2.00 per thousand. Send for Price-
List tor other Supplies. Address,

J. STAUFFEK & SONS,

(Successors to B. J. Miller & Co.l
SlAtf NAPPANEE, IND.

THE NATIONAi;

. . TEMPERANCE NEWSPAPER.

Bright! Newsy! and Enterprising!

"Z'OTJ SHOTJOJID -RSIA-X:) IT.

Send for Sample Copy.

To New Subscribers, Only 50c a Year.

This offer closes November 1.

Center- Lever Companv,

134 Van Buren Street. - CHICAGO, ILL.

13Atf— 4Mtf

WHEN ANSWERING THIS ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOUHNAL.

WE are now ready to receive shipments of
HONEY, and would be pleased to open
correspondence. Liberal advances made on
consignments. Prompt returns. Quick ship-
ment of Comb and Extracted wil meet
an active marljet. Reference on file with the
American Bee Journal.

« T. FISH *; CO., 189 So. Water St.,

3,3A20t CHICAGO, ILLS.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION

H.\S NO SAG IN BKOOD FIS.V.^1 KS.

THIN FLAT BOTTOM FOUNDATION

Has no Flsli-boue in Surplus Honey.

Being the cleanest is usuHlly worlied

' the quickest of any Foundation made.

J. VAN DEIJSEN ic SONS,

Sole Manufacturers.

Sprout Brook, Montgomery Co., N. Y.

^rgan fut alTc Smlier 6cutf(Ser Jungr.

iMlUgfte unb veididaltigft

illui'tvievte bieueiiiBivt(d)attltcf)

, TOoimt§fcI)vitt. aiiitavbeitct

. icf)aft ber ^eroovrageubfteii

-' 3mfer. 3?elic6tcfte uiib dci

- - breitetfte 3?ienen5citiiiig in gaii

Jeutj^Iaiib unb Oftcvveidj.

^^reU pro ^adv nuv '/•:: i'lUni

iPeftetlungcu fiiib an uufere

___. 5^ertvetel■, .r-icvvu 5.Wjfioii§pri

biger Stephen Roese in Maiden Roc!
oonsin) 511 ticf)teu. *Probet)efte iimfonlt un

(Wisconsin) ju ticf}te
frei Bon bem(elbeii.

lAtf

Mention the American Bee JournnJ.

The Honey Almanac

TUST the thing needed to create a demand for
.1 unvw V at home Bee-keepers should scatter
tlfree^ It showfthe Sses of fioney tor Medicine
i5 .^„ nrinkinB Cookine. for mnkinfcr Cosmetics
Ealing, l^rinKiny, vooikiiiK. , Price .5 cts :

Vinegar, etc. ; also uses ot .B^-^SW Ai. ' rice. .i cis. ,

?^?Si'^>*Sl*Tl^'fo;S:^-e?i5^P^'op^^e^:

i'l i^i^f-''-^'K?^r,'',o.?5'!S':5?i ?srii"^,'-^. ■^T'^h'c

R^e^KeeS'eris CARD will be printed on the Hrst page
without ?«ra cost, "hen 2.1 or more are ordered at
one time. Address,

THOS. G. NEltTTlAN A: SON,

246 East Madison St., - CHICAGO. ILL.

Mention the Ame'^iran Bee Journal.

Italian Queens K'SS

Untested, 60 cts. each, or four for $2.00.
34Atf GOOD BROS., Napfanee, Ind.
Mention the American Bee. Journal.

SECTION PRESS.

HANDLING BEES

APAMPHIiET, treating of the taming
and handling of bees. Just the thing for
beginners. It is a chapter from " Tlie Hive
and Honey-Bee, revised." Price, 8 cts.
Advice to beginners. Circulars, &c., free.

CHAS. DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ills

WE are now prepared to furnish Wakeman
& Crocker's PRESS tor putting to-
gether One-Plece Sections— at wholesale
and retail. Price, $2.00, by express. By the
dozen— rate given upon apinleation.

THOS. G. NEWMAN A; SON,

240 East Madison S - CHICAGO, ILL.

roice of Masonryi Family Magazine.
m\ ,.....„... n 13,1, .,.r- 011,1 tvV.JIlt V'-rivi' 1 MfllTft.

HOME

EMPLOYMENT. AGENTS

wanted everywhere, for the UOME
JOUHNAIj— a urand family paper.
Big Gash Premiums. Sample Kkee.
THOS, G. NEWMAN. & SO^,

923 & 925 West Madiaon-Street, - CHICAGO,

VC - - ,
Three years' a Paper and tweiity-rivc i Maga-
zine. Now unexcelled. Contains linu fortraita
and Ulnstrations, and a great variety of articles,
stories and poems for Freemasons and their fam-
ilies; also Kastern star. Masonic Glennini;9 and
Kdltorlal Departments. Price per year, $3.00.
JOHN W BROWN, Editor and Publisher,
183 & 184 S. Clark Street, Chicago, Illmois.

J J.

•THB MIsaiERICKlf BE® J©I3RE«ai<.

579

^st**

PUBLISHED HY^ ■ „

THOS. G.NEWMAK S^SON,

CHIC/\GO, ILL.

THOMAS G. WE^VSIAW,

IDITOR.

Vol, mi, An£. 30,1890. No, 35.

Right is right — ever will be,
Ahd right the day must win ;

To doubt would be disloyalty,
To falter would be sin.

The Baltimore Farmer reviews our
book — " Bees and Honey " — and gives it a
very favorable notice. Thanks.

Ammonia, as a bee-sting remedy, is
one of the best — that alkali naturally tends
to neutralize the acid of tbe poison.

11^" The " Nebraska Bee-Keeper " is the
name of a new bee-paper just started by
L. D. Stilson & Sons, and edited by the
lather. It contains 16 pages, and the sec-
ond number is on our desk. It is to be
published monthly, and as there is no price
stated, we presume it is for free distribu-
tion among the members of the Nebraska
Association. It makes a creditable appear-
ance, and we wish it success.

Bees may be trespassers as well as
our domestic animals. In a pending case
the Court of Appeals has been reached ; all
Courts below pronouncing in favor of the
plaintiff who sued for damages because the
bees invaded the flower-bed in his yard,
and stung members of the family.— So says
the Western Ilural.

We may have been asleep— but we think
not ! Will the Rm-al kindly give us the
"particulars" of this very interesting case.
As Manager of the National Bee-Keepers'
Union, we have had full charge of all law-
suits of this character, but of the one men-
tioned, we have no knowledge. It is evi-
dently another hoax !

Honey Statistics. — On July 18,
1890, Mr. A. I. Root, editor of Olcanlnrjs
in Bee-Culture, sent out a list of questions
to special reporters all over the United
States, thereby endeavoring to ascertain
the extent of the crop of • white honey
secured this year. In summarizing the
various replies to the queries propounded,
Mr. Root comments as follows :

With very few exceptions, as we stated
in our last issue, the prospects are poor,
and the average yield per colony is exceed
ingly moderate. But as the reports were
sent out a little early, it is not impossible
that things will brighten up a little, even
yet. In fact, white clover seems to be
hanging on in some localities, where it was
expected that the yield from that source
had entirely ceased.

California looms up with a large crop of
honey, and that means a good deal, for this
State produces not a small percentage of
all the honey produced in the United
States. Colorado has one reporter, and he
says, "Fair to good." Arizona, the State
where alfafa is produced, reports about 90
pounds per colony. Minnesota does not
seem to be uniform. In east-central and
eastern part of the State there is but very
little honey ; but in the central and west-
central parts, the yield seems to have been
good. Wisconsin, another usually good
State, has also no honey of any account.
Indiana, California, Arizona, Virginia,
West Virginia, and Washington, report the
prospects good. Almost all the rest of the
States are reported poor.

Fruits will be rather scarce, and the bee-
keeper has not fared any worse than many
of those engaged in kindred industries.

On July 28, 1890, the Canadian Bee
Journal also sent out requests for reports
regarding the honey crop "covei'ing the
entire Dominion, from Winnipeg to Nova
Scotia and New Brunswick." The editor
then recapitulates the answers as follows :

The reports may be summarized in brief,
to say that all taken together the crop
throughout the country is small, perhaps
even below last year. New Brunswick and
Nova Scotia have done but very little
either in increase or honey crop. Quebec is
the same, only more so. Ontario reports
would indicate that, on the whole, swarm-
ing has been good, while the crop of honey
is below the usual average. In some sec-
tions the yield has been excellent, notably
York county, with Peel and Wellington not
far behind. Simcoe is behind in the race,
neither clover nor basswood having done
anything much. The trouble with a great
many colonies, was that the bees were too
weak to gather what did come. Oxford
county is medium. The writer was through
a portion of that county last week, and
visited one or two apiaries.

There is no question as to the scarcity of
peaches, plums, pears, etc., and with this
fact in view, honey-producers should be
firm in their prices. The remarks of one
or two of our correspondents in this direc-
tion should be heeded. We should advise
that no honey be sold at wholesale at less
than 10 cents per pound.

Xlie Honey in France is very thin and
watery. They have had too much rain,
while, in America, we have been scorched
by the burning rays of the sun. Had the
moisture been more evenly distributed, it
would have been far better.

Ue«s as V«jitlIaf*rs.—'Ehet>t. James
Oazette, of London, Engla&d, is jresponsi-
ble for this item of foreign news :|

I do not know whether it is' generally
known that in India, au*Lb»Heve in other
tropical countries, there are in every hive
what one can only describe as "ventilat-
ing bees." I mean that during the hot
season two or three bees post themselves,
on their heads, at the entrance of the hive
and fan the interior with the incessant
motion of their wings. They are relieved
at intervals by fresh bees, who carry on the
process. They are kept to their duty by a
sort of patrol of bees to insure their inces-
sant activity. This is a well authenticated
and known fact.

It is certainly "generally known" in
America that bees fan with their wings for
purposes of ventilation, whether it is
known by the Gazette or not. The bees
practice the fanning process here as well as
in India.

Spiders in the Apiary.— Mrs. L.

Harrison remarks as follows in the Prairie
Farmer about her treatment of spiders in
the apiary :

I used to make war on them. Sorry to
own it, but I formerly killed every one that
I could. Ugh ! the great ugly things ! How
horrid ! They might bite me. But I have
repented in sackcloth and ashes. We have
kissed and made up, and now we are the
best of friends. I catch every one I can
and carry it to a hive containing unoccu-
pied combs and put it in. You see our
good friend Father Langstroth ("may his
shadow ne'er grow less ") called our atten-
tion to the fact that the spiders keep all
the moth-worms from combs. Where the
mother spider has her home, the moths
cannot flourish. I sometimes take their
eggs encased in a downy web, and place
them into a hive of unoccupied comb, to
live and flourish.

,iaa We appreciate the following from
the American Apicultiirist for July, writ-
ten by Mr. M. A. Kelley :

The American Bee Journal is certainly
the "wheel-horse" of bee-joiu-nalism.

The fraternity of bee-keepers surely have
great reason to be proud of the noble band
of men that have editorial control of our
different bee-periodicals.

As one of that "noble army of martyrs,"
we make our politest bow.

tVliat IVcxt?— F. E. Merriman, of
Massachusetts, has patented a " bridge " to
enable bees to pass through the chaff or
packing of a .double storied hive— two
strips nailed to cleats allowing space for a
bee to pass constitutes this " bridge,"
which, like many another device, has been
used by apiarists, in some form, of neces-
sity for years.

Iflany Per$ions are naturally unfit for
the bee-business, from carelessness and in-
accuracy about their w;k. I know of no
out-door pursuit where so much depends
on the right thing being done at the right
time, and in the right way. A willingness
to woi'k hard, and a determination to suc-
ceed, are characteristics of the prosperous
bee-keeper.— G. M. Doolittle.

580

T'MM MB^mmieMK mm^ joiwrnmrni^.

-- — ■>— - — -ait«>«^*^»^A^AJfcJ

-■'— ■'-^^^•^*^«*>«

^■^*-~-^-^-^-^-'

HumbiiSi^ and Falsehoods, es-
pecially as relating to bee-keeping, are
ever relentlessly pursued by the American
Bee Journal. What the Christian Woman
(a splendid periodical published in Phila-
delphia, Pa.) thinks of our efforts in the
direction of hunting down lies about our
pursuit, is told in the following graphic
language :

The American Bee Journal is sharp, and
swift in pursuit of humbug and falsehood.
The newspaper sensational articles on
manufactured honey, on glucose, and par-
affine comb are proved to be purely imag-
inary ; or evidences of reporters being
hoaxed ; but no matter, such reading makes
people stare and wonder, and sells the
newspapers. The average reader loves to
be stunned by finding mare's-nests and
mule's-colts. Print the most astounding
statements about things, and particularly
about prominent public personages, and
specially particular about ministers, and
discriminately severe upon Protestant
clergymen, and never contradict them
where proved to be falsehoods, and you
have the popular and great daily !

Following the daily, the weekly paper
culls the lies and the sensations, selecting
the worst and most interesting slanders,
and then the staid and permanent Ency-
clopedia embalms the corpse, and future
essayists cite the statements as standard
truths. But one thing is certain, that all
■who read the American Bee Journal will
have their minds settled in regard to the
"glucose and paraffine comb" story.

"If, therefore," says the Journal, "you
are extracting, beware of extracting too
closely." The practice is bad in regard to
honey, and worse respecting the papers.

Oraii^Se-BIossom Honey. — Many
of the vile compounds found on grocers'
shelves are labeled " Orange-Blossom
Honey." This cognomen was invented to
deceive. There is no such thing as pure
orange-blossom honey — it is always mixed
with something else. The Rural Calif or-
nian, which can always be relied upon for
true statements about honey, says :

At the time the orange trees are in bloom
there is also a great variety of other tropi-
cal plants in blossom, and the bees gather
from all these, not working exclusively on
the honey. Honey stored at this season of
the year is of very rich quality, and com-
mands a high price. When quoted at low
rates, it is prima facie evidence that it is
not the genuine article.

At the Paris Exposition, English
and American bee-keepers were far in ad-
vance of their Germau associates in the
business ; and America was far in advance
of England— especially in the matter of
apiarian literature. There were twenty
American apiarists represented. — Ex-
Change.

Honey Kruit-Cakc.^One pint of
honey, one pound of butter, 10 eggs, one
tea-cup of .sour-milk, one tea-spoonful of
soda, 5 pounds of currants, 5 pounds of
raisins, 3 pounds of citron, one table-spoou-
ful of cinnamon, allspice and nutmeg, and
l}i pounds of flour.

Teasel Honey. — In New York this
honey has a wonderful reputation. Bees
usually gather a bountiful harvest from
the teasels, and the honey is very light in
color, and pleasant to the taste.

A correspondent asks for a description of
the teasels, and how they are cultivated.
This will be answered most fuUy by the
following from an exchange :

The accompanying engraving fairly rep-
resents in shape and size the merchantable
portion of the plant known as Fuller's
teasel (Dlpsacus Fnllonum). It is used in
woolen factories to raise a nap on cloth.

It is extensively grown in some parts of
Onondaga county, N. Y. ; also in Oregon,
and possibly a few in Massachusetts and
Connecticut. But three-fourths of all that
is used in the United States are grown in
and immediately around Skaneateles, N.Y.

The plant is biennial as a rule, but stunt-
ed plants sometimes survive five or more
winters. The gi'ound for their culture is
prepared as early in the spring as possible ;
seed is sown in drills about three feet apart
and lightly covered. The seed germinates
slow, and the plant is about like a young
clover plant when it comes up.

Careful hand hoeing and horse cultivat-
ing follows at sufficiently short intervals to

keep all gi-ass and weeds in subjection. Of
late, some of the best growers have planted
a very thin crop of corn in the rows, leav-
ing the stalks to hold the snow in winter, as
two or three degrees below zero is suffi-
ciently cold to kill a teasel plant if in no
way protected.

The second year, during the month of
May, they are cultivated, and soon after
begin to throw up a centre stalk which
grows very rapidly, reaching a height of
four to six feet by July 15.

About this time the "king" (or head of
the centre stalk) begins to blossom. It is a
burr in all respects like our eugraving.ouly
a little larger. There is a blossom for every
hook ; they begin to open in the centre of
the head first, blossoming toward the tip
and base, ending at the base.

On each side of the main stalk, laterals
shoot out (from four to one dozen) each
one bearing a burr or head at each ex-
tremity ; these are called mediums, on ac-
count of beiug less in size thau the "king.s,"
and larger than the buttons. "Buttons"
are the smallest heads on the plant, and
gi'ow on side shoots from stalks bearing the
mediums.

As above stated, the "kings" blossom
first and in bloom about one week, by this
time the most forward of the mediums be-
gin, and later the buttons ; in all, the plant
is in bloom three to four weeks. The har-
vesting is begun when the blossoms have

fallen entirely off of about one-third of aU
the burrs.

The harvesters are supplied with gloves,
small knife, and a large basket, into which
to put the burrs as they are cut. As the
blossoms fall, the field is gone over again,
each time cutting all that are ready ; th&
entire harvest consuming about twenty
consecutive days.

They are carted from the field to barns
and sheds, and spread on scaffolds to dry —
no artificial heat is used. A free circula-
tion of air is seemed by opening the doors
and windows.

As soon as dried they are ready for the
middle man who cuts off the long, coarse
spikes at the base, cuts the stem to an even
length (three inches) and sorts them, mak-
ing ten or more sizes ; hand packs them in
large cases, when they are ready to ship to
the woolen manufacturer.

They are sold by weight, ten pounds be-
ing called one thousand. An acre of land
will produce from 100,000 to 250,000,
according to the strength of soil and care
in cultivation. The honey-bee, too, gathers
a bountiful harvest of the very best honey.

Antidote tor Ants.— I tried several
methods to prevent ants molesting bees,
and found the following far the most satis-
factory, writes Prof. A. J. Cook to the New
York Trihunc. By the use of a crowbar
make a hole in the middle of; the ant-hill,
down to the bottom, which is easily found
by the more open or less compact earth.
Then turn into this hole a gill of bisulphide
of carbon, and fill and crowd down with
earth. As the liquid is very volatile, and
cannot pass out of the now compactly filled
hole, it quickly evaporates and kills all the
ants. If clay be near, always use this to
crowd into the hole, as it is more impervi-
ous than is sand, though by firmly pressing
with the foot the sand can be made to hold
the liquid. Kerosene may be used instead
of the carbon, but it is far less effective.
So, too, of carbolic acid. By means of
syrup, so covered by gauze that bees are
excluded, the ants can be trapped in great
numbers and destroyed. I have often done
this, and by adding Paris gi-een have pois-
oned the ants.

Killinsr Bees for their honey, or
"brimstoning" them as it is now called,
was unknown in the days of Aristotle,
Varro, Columella and Pliny, and must have
originated in the dark ages, when the
human family had lost in apiarian pur-
suits, as well as other things, the skill of
former ages. We are told that the old
cultivators took only what their bees could
spare, killing no colonies, except such as
were diseased, or from any cause must die
anyway —Exchange.

Xlie Citizen Soldier has the place
of honor in "Frank Leslie's Popular
Monthly " for September, the frontispiece
of which is a fine equestrian portrait of
Col. Appleton, Seventh Regiment, N. G. S.
N. Y. There are, as usual, short stories,
poems, literary and descriptive essays in
abundance.

Tmm MMKRIC'KH WMm JOORHHl^.

581

IVatiire In Aiisriii^t.

Now Nature sits with folded bands,

As restiug from the busy year,
While o'er the wide and teeming lands

She contemplates the goodly cheer
She gives ; all energizing powers
Lie mute and still, and drowsy hours
Move noiselessly, their jocund moods
And songs foregoing ; in deep woods
And fields a slumb'rous silence broods
Unbroken, save by beetle's drone
And o'erfed bees' dull monotone.

Or leaves' low rustle as they make
A pathway for the gliding snake.

The patient cows seek shadows cool.
That stretch themselves like giants prone

Along the edges of the i3ool —
And midst the waters stand knee-deep,
In dreamy, semiconscious sleep.

Birds sing no more, but on the hill
The tender plaint of whip-poor will.

Who, telling oft her woful tale,
Lingers full late after her time.
While at slow intervals the chime

Of sheep-bells in the distant vale
Falls on the ear like tuneful rhyme.
Lulling the senses, till in idle dreams,
We half forget the real in the thought of

that which seems.

— American Magazine.

mmS % MEFLIES.

■Does the Oolden-Rod Yield any
Honey ?

Written for the American Bee Journal

QuERV 726.— To what extent, if any,
does the golden-rod yield honey in your
bee-range ?— Miltona.

None here (Illinois). — ^Dadant & Son.

Very little, if any (Iowa).— J. M. Shuck.

It is very limited (Illinois).— Mrs. L.
Habkison.

None, that I know of (Illinois). — J. M.
Hambaugh.

Often very bountifully. It did last year.
<Miehigau).^A. J. Cook.

It yields a very little some years (Michi-
gan).—R. L. Tati.ok.

It yields considerable very fine honey
(Illinois). — C. H. Dibbekn.

It does the best it knows how, and that is
nothing to "brag about," usually (Ohio). —
A. B. Mason.

I do not count much on it, but I do not
know positively (Illinois). — C. C. Miller.

Not any that I have been able to dis-
cover. There is but, little golden-rod here
(New York). — G. M. Doolittle.

One season, a few years ago. It yielded
largely. Usually it yields not at all (In-
diana).— M. Mahix.

We have acres of it in bloom in early
September, but I have never found it to
yield much honey (Georgia). — J; P. H.
Bkown.

Very largely. In fact, it is depended
upon for fall and winter stores (Massachu-
setts).—J. E. Pond.

What is known as golden-rod does not
yield honey in this locality (Ohio), as I
have never seen a bee working upon it yet.
There is a variety of the Sof i(7'(f/o,however,
that does yield honey quite freely here the

latter part of August. I think that it is the
S. Serotina. HoUdiujo Odora is the name of
the plant generally known as golden-rod.
There are 48 varieties of the Solidago in
this country, aud it is probable that many
of them yield honey. — G. L. Tinker.

About one year in three, golden-rod gives
us quite a little surplus houey during the
latter part of August (Michigan). — James
Heddon.

I cannot say with any certainty. I have
seen bees at work on it some seasons, and
in others the bees left it entirely alone
(Michigan).— H. V. Cotting.

Golden-rod is " no good" in my locality
(Kentucky). Pardon me when I say that I
believe it is the poorest honey-plant in the
woi'ld, when speaking in view of its repu-
tation. Tradition sticks wonderfully tight
to bee-culture, aud golden-rod has a tra-
ditional fame, but no honey. — G. W.
Demauee.

I consider the true golden rod of no value
in this locality (Iowa). After much in-
quiry and observation, I am forced to the
conclusion that a good many men do not
know golden-rod. Not a week ago I was
talking with a bee-keeper who has 50 or
more colonies ; he said that golden-rod was
a splendid honey-plant. Upon inquiry, I
found he called the yellow-ray flowers,
golden-rod. — Eugene Secor.

It should be remembered that there are
many different varieties of golden-rod.
These vary greatly as to their value for
honey. These also vary in different sea-
sons, and on different soils, so that a direct
answer is impossible to the question pro-
pounded.— The Editor.

HIVES.

JWot all in the Kind of Hive-
Improving Bees.

Written for the American Bee Journal
BY G. M. DOOLITTLE.

Many seem to think that large yields
of honey are owing pretty much to the
hive used, or at least seem to convey
that idea, but this is not so. Hives
have something to do with the yield
of honey, of course, but nothing as
compared with a thorough knowledge
of the location we are in, and an un-
derstanding how to apply that knowl-
edge so as to get the bees at the right
time to secure the yield of honej' when
it comes.

Again, tlie manipulation of hives
has more to do with our surplus crop
than the hives themselves, for no mat-
ter how good the hive is, if the combs
are never touclied, or the surplus room
put on in the right time, all may count
for naught to the would-ho bee-keeper,
and the flowers will bloom in vain, as
far as very much profit is concerned.

In order that none might have a
mistaken idea in this matter, I have
said in concluding several of my arti-
cles, that if any one could not spend

the time on bees that is required, he
had better keep out of the business. I
know of no hive witli which a man can
secure large results by simply folding
his hands and letting the l)ees work.
Such is not the economy of Nature, and
in order to succeed in any calling in
life, we must put energy, industry and
perseverance into our work, if we
would reap a harvest worth the gath-
ering.

To work hard from 12 to 16 hours
each day, at mere physical labor, is
not all that is required, either, as many
assert by their actions, if not b3' words;
but there must be an energy and push,
mentally, sufficient to grapple with all
of the unsolved problems whicli are in
the way of our success. If these are
all combined, there is no reason why
bee-keeping will not give as good re-
sults for what is expended upon it, as
any other calling in life, even though
it is not so supposed by the majority
of the world.

I wish it understood that large yields
of honey can only be secured where
there are large numbers of bees in the
hive at the right time, and securing
such bees in time for the honey harvest
is the great secret of success. That
more bees can be obtained at the right
time by the use of the Gallup frame, to-
gether with a proper manipulation of
the same, is my belief, and is the only
reason that I adopted that style of hive,
for other hives give many good points
not obtained in the Gallup, but none
of which are really great enough, in
my opinion, to make good their loss
on this one point of preference that
this hive gives.

However, I have done nearly as
well with the Langstroth hive and
frame, and did I have 40 or more colo-
nies, on that style of frame, or in any
of the many good hives of the present
day, I should hesitate some time be-
fore I made a change, trying first to
see if a thorough knowledge regarding
their manipulation, and adapting this
to my field, would not give success. If
it should prove that the hive wa.s not
at all adapted to my locality, then, of
course, I would make a change ; but
to change hives every time something
new comes along, with the thought
" that with this hive I shall succeed,"
is not the proper thing to do. "Prove
all things, and hold fast to that which
is good," is as trite a saying to-day as
it ever was.

IMPROVING THE RACE OF BEES.

There probably is not an apiary in
the United Slates containing 20 colo-
nies, but what the owner thereof is
compelled to acknowledge that certain
colonies do better than others nearly
every year in producing honey, as we
often hear it remarked, " If the whole

582

TH® m'MMmi^MM mmM jO'^pkhmi*.

apiary could have done as well as such
a colony, I should have had a big
yield."

Some contend that various things
have all to do with it, but I am in-
clined to think that the race of bees
has the greater influence over these
things, and that certain traits of char-
acter exist in certain colonies to a
greater extent than in others, making
them more susceptible to our manipu-
lation, etc., that brings about the dif-
ferent results. If this is true, there is a
chance for impi'overaent in our bees,
and I am inclined to think that it will
be more to our credit in the future to
strive to improve on the bees which
we have, rather than to continue im-
porting stock.

But how can we accomplish this im-
provement ? I know of but one waj-
at present for the majority of us to
accomplish this, and that is through
the queen. Could we bring the drones
into subjection, we might do better or
get along faster, but as all eftbrts at
controlling these have proven failures,
we have only the queen to aid us as a
certainty. Well, such being the case,
how shall we proceed ? I do not know
that I can give my views better than
to saj- that some years ago I adopted
the following plan :

At the close of each honey season I
struck an average of the number of
pounds of surplus honey produced by
the whole apiary, and then all colonies
which did not come up to the average
were marked. These colonies were
united either in the fall or spring with
others, which had produced an average
amount, or above, if such uniting was
deemed advisable, through colonies
light in bees or scarcitj' of honey.

Of course I always destroj'ed the
poorest queeu and retained the other.
If all were not disposed of in this way,
I superseded the inferior queens by
those reared from colonies known to
have produced the very largest amount.
The above requires the keeping of a
record of each and all colonies in the
apiarj", which is of benefit in several
ways, beside the one here spoken of.
Mr. Newman's " Apiary Register" is a
nice thing for this purpose, and no
apiary should be without one of these
" Registers." All queens at all times
are reared as far as possible from those
producing the largest yields of honey,
and in this way the apiary can be
steadily improving as regards the
honey-gathering qualities of the bees,
instead of retrograding.
Borodino, N. Y.

DROUTH.

The Plants Aviiich are Less
Affected by It.

Written for the Prairie Farmer

BY MRS. L. HAKRISON.

Are yoii Cioing to the Fair * If so,
will you kindly send to this office and get a
few samples of the Bee Jolknal, and give
them out to your friends there, and get up
a club ? We will send them to you with
pleasure.

Day after day the thermometer has
been playing around one hundred in
the shade, and one day it was one
hundred and ten, accompanied by hot
wind. I can now sympathize with
Kansas. These hot winds bear away
the last drop of life in leaf and twig.
A large green ash growing near the
honey-house, has shed almost all its
leaves, drying green upon the tree, and
then falling. Elms and lindens, my
especial pets, have suffered severely,
and part of them are now dead. If
horticulturists could give hints how to
preserve trees during such trying or-
deals, it might do a world of good.

Judging from my own observations,
I think that keeping the soil mellow
around the trees during drouths of
long continuance, is better than pour-
ing water upon the hard soil under
them, which only serves to bake it
down harder.

In order to preserve the lives of two
cherry trees, whose leaves were turn-
ing yellow, I mellowed the soil and
then covered it with about a foot of
leaves, which I keep in place by piling
on brush, so that the wind or chickens
may not remove them. I then gave
them a liberal watering. If I had one
pail of water to give to a tree every
night for two weeks, I would prefer to
to give fourteen pailfuls at once, and
should expect then that it might do
good. One pailful at a time does more
harm than good, if the soil is dry and
hard. After a light shower is a good
time to give a liberal watering.

Sunflowers, helianths, like the eagle
with its eye on the sun, can face it all
day without Ijlushing, laugh at the
heat, and like the old darkey, "think
him mighty pleasant weather." I have
been watching the sunflowers for
years, in hopes to prove that it would
do to tie to as a great honey-plant
during dry weather, but have not been
able, so far, to make it " pan out."
Bees gather honey and pollen from it,
but it yields sparingly.

One morning I was highly elated by
seeing so many bees with tremendous
loads of pollen on the face of a big
Russian, but on taking a nearer view
I found that they were not Italians, but
some species of wild bees from the
woods.

Cleome - integrifolia stands dry
weather well, and has been blooming
during the very hot weather ; but bees
work upon it only in early morning.
It does not appear to yield as much

honey in this locality as its near rela-
tion, Cleome - Pungens, otherwise
known as spider-plant. Prof. Cook, of
Michigan Agricultural College, last
year, grew Rocky Mountain bee-plant
on a large scale, in order to find
whether it would pay to raise it for
honey alone, and it failed to fill the
bill — the climate could not be furnished
along with the seed.
Peoria, Ills.

BEE-DISEASE.

Salt is the Antidote for the
" Nameless Bee-Disease."

Written for the American Bee Jourtial

BY JOSHUA BULL.

It appears, from what we read in
the bee-papers from time to time, that
the " nameless bee-disease " continues
to be troublesome in various places,
and that information is wanted con-
cerning a remedy. Perhaps it may
not be amiss for me to report mj' little
experience with this strange disease ;
although not very extensive, yet th»
little experience which I have had
therewith has been of such a nature
that it has been ver^' conclusive and
convincing to me, at least, in the fol-
lowing points :

First, that the disease originates
with the queen ; second, that it is not
contagious ; and third, that common
salt properly administered will effect
a permanent cure.

In support of the foregoing conclu-
sions, I offer the following facts :

In the summer of 1888 I obtained
two queens from parties living sevei-al
hundred miles distant, and I introduced
those queens into good, health}- colo-
nies. Previous to this time I had
never noticed any signs of the " name-
less disease " among my bees, neithei*
did it appear in these colonies during
the remainder of that season ; they
wintered on the summer stands,built up-
very strong in numbers in the early
spring of 1889, but about the time of
fruit-bloom they were both attacked
with this disease, and began to dwindle
very rapidly.

When their numbers were reduced
about one-half, I commenced experi-
menting with one colony by sprinkling
them with salt-water, which did not
seem to do any good. I also dissolved
about ii table-spoonful of salt in a little
water, and mixed it into one gallon of
honey, and fed it to them as fast as
they would take it ; this seemed to ar-
rest the progress of the disease some-
what, and when the brood began to-
hatch, which had been nursed with
this salted honey, they began to re-
cruit, and increase in numbers again.

-THiE mv^mmi€m.n wmm joJUMnKi^.

583

The old diseased bees continued to
die off until they were all gone, after
which the colony became health}-,
strong and vigorous, and have never
shown any signs of disease since. The
cure appears to have been complete
and permanent.

The other diseased colony, which
was not medicated with salt, all
dwindled away and became extinct,
queen and all.

Then, to demonstrate whether or not
this disease is contagious, I put a
healthy colony on the same combs in
the same hive where the diseased col-
ony had died, to see what the result
would be ; and they are to-day healthy
and vigorous, and have never had any
symptoms of disease, so far as I know,
and the disease has not appeared in
any other colony in my yard, except
those two having the imported queens.

Without doubt it was the salt that
effected the cure. The object in put-
ting the salt into the honey, is in order
to get the bees to feed it to the queen
and the young larvje.

If any one has bees affected with
this disease, I hope that he will try
feeding salt, and report the result in
the American Bee Journal, for the
benefit of the fraternity.

Seymour, Wis., Aug. 19, 1890.

INSTINCT-REASON.

Are Bees Guided by Instinct, or
by Reason t

Written for the Australasian Bee Journal

BY T. J. MULVANY.

The question is frequently raised,
when treating of the habits and actions
of the inferior animals (more especially
those of insects in general, and of bees
in particular), whether those actions
are guided by instinct only, or a cer-
tain degree of reasoning power ; and
the discussion is, as it appears to me,
often carried on in a loose manner,and
consequently ends without any satis-
factory conclusion, owing to that pro-
lific cause of irreconcilable difference
of opinion — battling about words, the
actual meaning of which we have not
fii'st taken some trouble to agree upon.

These remarks, which are common-
place enough, have been suggested at
present by an article which appeared
lately in a leading German newspaper
(Kolnische Zeitung), which publishes
occasionally essays of "Natural Science
Gossip." The one to which I now re-
fer is headed, "How do Bees and In-
sects of their Class Find their Way
Home ?" and as it maybe of interest
to the bee-keeping readers of this
journal, I append a translation of that
portion which refers more particularly

to the honey-bee, only offering these
few observations by way of preface :

About the meaning of the word
" instinct," there is perhaps little room
for misunderstanding ; it is pretty gen-
erally accepted as it is defined in a
good dictionary to be " a certain
power or disposition of mind by which,
independent of all instruction or ex-
perience, and without deliberation,
animals are unerringly directed to do
spontaneously whatever is necessai-y
for the preservation of the individual
or the continuation of the kind."

This applies not only to inferior ani-
mals, but also to man, who is clearly
gifted with instincts quite apart from
his higher intellectual faculties. It is
instinct which causes the newly-born
babe, as well as the young of any of
the inferior mammalia, to turn to its
mother's breast for its first noui'ish-
ment, and it is instinct which sets in
operation the complicated system of
nerves and muscles essential to the
performance of the ordinary functions
of walking, eating, drinking, etc. It
is sometimes tei'med " a blind in-
stinct," which is an inappropriate ex-
pression, meant, no doubt, to convey
only that it acts without foresight or
premeditation on the part of the in-
dividual, but which is liable to the
misconstruction that the results are
likely to be clumsy or uncertain as
compared with those attained by the
exercise of reason. The very reverse
of this is, however, in reality the case.
As the definition above quoted pro-
ceeds to say, " Instinct differs from in-
tellect by the unerring certainty of the
means it emploj'S, the uniformity of its
results, and the perfection of its works
prior to and independent of allinstruc-
tion or experience."

The word "reason" on the other
hand, is one open to more diversity
of meaning. It is used in different
senses by philosphers, as well as by
ordinary people, some taking it as
almost synonymous with intelligence
or with understanding, while others
draw five distinctions between these
terms, and define reason to be "the
highest faculty of the human mind, by
which man is distinguished from
brutes, and which enables him to con-
template things spiritual as well as
material."

In this sense Locke says, "Reason is
natural revelation whereby the Eternal
Father of Light and Fountain of all
Knowledge communicates to mankind
that portion of truth which He has
laid within the reach of their natural
faculties." Now, taken in this high
sense, it would, of course, be a mis-
application of the word to say that the
inferior animals exercise their reason
under any circumstances ; but as re-
gards the act of reasoning, one of its

admitted definitions is the power of
" deducing inferences or conclusions
from premises," and although no one
will claim for the lower animals the
exercise of his power in the way of ab-
stract reasoning, there can be no doubt
that they often do practically draw
conclusions from facts presenteil to
them by their senses, and act in what
we may call a rational manner in ac-
cordance with those conclusions so as
to enable them to effect some object
which they have in view. It is surely
unnecessary to specify instances.

Every lover of animals will know a
variety of cases in which the dog. for
instance, displays this power of obser-
vation, and of suiting his action to the
exigencies of the case. We all know
what a complete understanding can be
established between him and his mas-
ter ; how he learns to comprehend, if
not the actual words, at least the
meaning of what is said to him ; how
he can, in fact, to use a common
phrase, " Do everything but speak."
We talk of the sagacity of the dog, of
the elephant, and of other animals, and
although some may define this word
when applied to animals to mean only
"quickness or acuteness of scent," I
cannot look upon that definition as a
logical one, or as correctly indicating
the sense in which the word is actually
used. The animals named, and many
others, are capable of being taught,
that is, of acting upon a knowledge
gained by experience and education ;
and they thei'efore exercise a quality,
call it what we will, which differs ma-
terially from the definition of instinct,
and resembles much more that form of
intelligence which in man is called
"reason."

In the insect division of the animal
kingdom the life of the individual is so
short that no time can be allowed for
the acquirement of experience, and it
is here, accordingly, that the operation
of instinct is most wondei'fully appar-
ent. What bee-keeper has not en-
joyed the pleasure of seeing a queen-
bee emerge from her cell, perfect and
" fully armed," as Minerva is said to
have sprung from the head of Jove,
ready on the moment to take her al-
lotted place in the hive, to fight a mor-
tal combat with a rival queen, if any
such should put in an appearance, to
take in a few days her so-called wed-
ding-flight, and then to settle down to
her work of laying worker or drone
eggs, the right sort in the right kind
of cell, and ultimately to provide for
her own successor by depositing eggs
in the peculiar cells prepared by the
worker-bees for that purpose ; all this
without the slightest preparatory
teaching or experience, and all in the
same manner as queen-bees have done
since the world began, no better and

584

T'H® rn'mmmivmrn mm'm j&'&mmMEt.

uo worse than her progenitors did,
perhaps millions of years ago ?

[The bee is a much older inhabitant
of the earth than man, its fossil re-
mains having been found (at Olninger,
Baden) in rocks of the tertiary forma-
tion, a geological period of unknown
antiquity prior to the appearance of the
human race.] But yet, in all her per-
formances as well as in all those per-
haps even more wonderful of the
worker-bee, there is no want of an in-
telligent adaptation of means to the
end in all the varying cases or circum-
stances that may arise.

It would perhaps be more correct to
say that with insects, as with all the
inferior animals, their actions are
prompted or started instinctively, but
are guided by a more or less develop-
ed intelligence, partaking, in some
degree at least, of the quality which in
man we call reason. The gradations
of this quality within the range be-
tween what we may call the lowest and
the highest of the inferior animals are
vastly different, and somewhere be-
tween it and the higher reasoning
power of man there is, no doubt, a
gulf which no power of mere natural
evolution can ever bridge across ; but
each class of animals has been gifted
with that degree of intelligence which
is suitable for his place in the great
scheme of creation. All this is ad-
mirably put by Pope in the first part
of his essay on " Man :"

" Far as creation's ample range extends
The scale of sensual mental powers ascends,
Mark how it mounts to man's imperial race.
From the green myriads in the peopled grass.

How instinct varies in the grovelling swine
Compared, half-reasoning elephant.with thine!
'Twixt that and reason what a nice barrier
For ever separate, yet forevernear."

And again, in the third part of the
same poem, with the verses beginning,

" Whether with reason or with instinct bless'd.
Know all enjoy that power which suits them
best ;"

And concluding with the very striking
lines,

" And reason raise o'er instinct as you can.
In this 'tis God directs, in that 'tis man."

Here Pope has hit the mark as to
the great and characteristic diflerence
between instinct reason. However
deservedly the latter is made to rank
as a much higher form of mental de-
velopment, surely the former must
appear, to a reflective mind, by far the
most wonderful, and therefore in-
tensely interesting to trace in the ac-
tions of the lower animals. In it we
can see most plainly the operation of
that " Power and Divinity " which St.
Paul says, "Since the creation of the
world are clearly seen, being visible in
the things that are made."

While watching the operations of
the bee building its comb, or the

spider forming its web, are we not
naturally led to feel with the Psalmist
that it must indeed be an unwise man
who " hath said in his heart, there is
no God ;" and must we not, while thus
witnessing the working of that intelli-
gence which we know cannot be at-
tributed to the insect itself, realize
with a solemn feeling that we are
brought face to face, as it were, with
that Divine Providence all whose at-
tributes are infinite ; in whose eye
nothing that we can conceive of the
vastness of the universe can appear
large — nothing that the most powerful
microscope discovers to our sense of
vision can appear small — and to whom
we in common with our humbler fel-
low-creature, the Insect, are alike in-
debted for existence, and for whatever
degree of intelligence, instinctive or
reasoning, we are enabled to exercise?

PASTURAGE.

It

Pays to Plant Sweet Clover
for Honey.

Written for the Western Plowman

BY C. H. DIBBEBN.

We would like to have some of the
bee-keepers go with us to our sweet
clover patch, at any time from day-
light till dark, and watch the myriads
of bees, busily darting from one clus-
ter of bloom to another, and then
claim that planting for honey does not
pay ! While it is a little diflicult to
determine just the quantity of honey
the bees can gather from an acre of
sweet clover, I know too much of the
instinct and habits of bees, that all this
wonderful activity is not for nothing.

I know that the four acres of this
bloom is out of all proportion to the
160 colonies of bees we now have here,
to say nothing of stranger bees that
no doubt visit us. Had we 20 acres of
this sweet clover, I feel sure we would
now be doubling up our supers, and
we would soon be able to oiier our cus-
tomers as fine an article of sweet clover
honey as was ever produced. Where
land is cheap, I see nothing that would
pay better for bee-keepers, than a lib-
eral number of acres in sweet clover ;
and what a grand plant it is for im-
proving the fertility of poor clay hills
and worn-out lands !

But your timid farmer is fearfully
afraid that his lands will become
seeded down with this "pest." Well,
it does have staying qualities, and that
is the best part of it. It is easily got-
ten rid of, however ; just don't let it
go to seed for a year or two, and the
job is done. Some years ago we gave
up a patch, containing about an acre,
that had been in sweet clover for 5 or

6 years, and it was turned into pasture.
It was a sight to see the cattle nipping
the tender shoots as it came up in the
spring, and all summer long they kept
it close to the ground.

This was 3 years ago, and now you
could go over the ground and never
suspect that it was once covered with
this "pest" higher than one's head, so
thick that one could scarcely get
through it. Land in our neighborhood
sells from $100 to $1,000 per acre, and
rents are correspondingly high, and
yet I believe it pays me to have a few
acres in this excellent bee-plant.

Now, would it not pay those bee-
keepers, who have plenty of cheap
lauds, that would be greatly benefitted
by it ? Never mind about the seeds ;
that is all moonshine, and just remem-
ber that when you see an occasional
stalk of this magnificent plant — showy,
fragrant and useful— it has probably
crowded out the jimson, burdock, or
rag-weed. Yes, sir, it pays to plant
for honey !

THE HONEY CROP OF 1890.

"What shall the harvest be ?" Well,
as far as our choice (white clover
honey) is concerned, it will be a very
slim one. From many letters received
from all parts of the West, I conclude
that not one-fourth of a crop will be
secured. The only section that seems
to be having a tine crop of honey, are
the New England States. Well, honey
ought to be honey this year, and bring
a fair price. Perhaps the rains we are
now having will give us a crop of fall
honey. At any rate, we must do the
best we can, even if we have to resort
to the sugar-barrel, to provide stores
to winter our bees. The good years
will come again, if we but have
patience to wait.

Milan, Ills.

CARNIOLANS.

How

tliey are Regarded by an
Eastern Apiarist.

Written for the Amerwan Bee Journal

BY E. L. PRATT.

My Carniolan bees have done nobly
this season, both at swarming-time
and in honey-gathering. By " swarm-
ing-time " I mean they have not
swarmed to excess, as some writers
try to impress upon the minds of all
their readers.

If it were possible to furnish all
pure stock to every man, the praise of
this race of honej'-becs would be long
and loud. The Carniolans will make
their way against all that is said in
opposition to them. They are a noble
race, possessing points, when fully de-

TM® jKMMRICJtlff ESEE; JOUHNRI,.

^^'■*-r«»A^»o*»*^*^««»Aa^*^*^*j

585

^*^*-^*-^^-

veloped, that will totally eclipse all
other races of bees.

I am bending every effort to improve
them, and each year I can see a
nih,rked advancement both in repro-
duction of traits and markings. The
swarming argued so much against
them, I am sure can be mastered ; I
have in my own yard several large
colonies that have put in large amounts
of honey, and have not thought of
swarming. I have in hand several re-
ports from other men where their Car-
niolans have refused to swarm at all
this season — one covering three sec-
tions of the Heddon hive, and the
queen keeping the combs filled with
brood.

The colony which I use for queen-
breeding, is the gentlest I have ever
had, and although cramped for i-oom
all the season, they have refused to
swarm. They are the greatest bees I
ever saw for crowding into the supers,
whether baited or not.

No, bee-keepers, I have no fear but
that the Carniolans will make their
mark in this country. I can see great
possibilities for the race, and a marked
advancement under careful breeding.
A little time will tell the story. Soon
we will be saying, as we do now about
Italians — "There is no other race pos-
sessing so many desirable points, and
so few undesirable ones."

'■ Purity " should be the watch-word,
and I claim that the pure Carniolans
should show no j'ellow. There is a
type of Carniolans that, wherever
lodged, make Carniolan-converts of
the men who possess them, because of
their beauty, gentleness, proliflcness,
and honey-gathering qualities.

Marlboro, Mass.

LARGE COLONIES.

Importance of Having Strong
Colonies of Bees.

Written for the Country Gentleman.

The chief cause of failure in bee-
keeping is the weakness of the colo-
nies. The beginner starts with 10
colonies, when two are more than he
can handle. They dwindle, but he
coaxes them and waits, and at the
close of the season, although his colo-
nies are strong, yet he obtains no
honey.

It is encouraging to have strong col-
onies in the fall. There is a better
prospect of all-winter life, and more
vigor in the spring. But we do not
keep bees merely to make them strong
for the winter campaign ; we keep
them to gather honey in the summer.
They must be strong in the spring,
and be kept strong through the sum-
mer.

The man who makes a business of
bee-keeping — who wants honey and
not increase of colonies — is continually
reducing the number of colonics — pro-
vided, of course, that there are weak
colonies, and there are always, in all
apiaries, weak colonies, or colonies
weaker than others. These are
strengthened by uniting. Here are 3
colonies that lag behind. It is evident
that they will only build themselves up
during the summer. Each colony is
united with a stronger one, or the 3
made into one, and are now ready to
I'cnder some service.

A small farmer and gardener caught
the "bee-fever," and bought "at a bar-
gain " of a disgusted dabbler, 12 colo-
nies of hybrids, set them up, admired
them on Sundays, waited till fall,
giving them no attention in the mean-
while, except to catch 4 runaway
swarms, and then expected to reap a
great harvest of honej'.

Not a pound did he find. He and
the members of his family, and some
sympathizing neighbors, passed a
unanimous vote that bees were hum-
bugs and ingrates. For their occu-
pancy of a beautiful garden, and for
many fine words bestowed upon them,
they had returned nothing except an
occasional sting. They were aban-
doned as worthless.

In the spring following, only 7 colo-
nies out of the 16 remained. The bee-
keeper wished that none had escaped
the winter. Convinced that they had
no value, and tired of the sight of
them, he decided to unite the 7 colo-
nies, or what was left of them, and
place them in a large dry-goods box,
the presence of which suggested the
idea. The bees were on American
frames about a foot square, 9 in a hive.
Out of the 7 colonies, or the 63 frames,
he found enough — 36 — with brood, to
cover the bottom of the box by placing
them upright, shoulder to shoulder,
having the space and frames of 4
colonies.

All queens except one were de-
stroyed, and all the bees were united
on these frames, after sprinkling them
with sweetened water ; inch auger
holes were bored for an entrance, and
they were left to die or to thrive. Late
in June the farmer's attention was at-
tracted by unusual activity around the
dry-goods box. The bees were not
swarming — only going and coming in
streams. Opening the box, he saw an
immense mass of bees. When the
mats, whicli had been thrown care-
lessly over the frames to keep the bees
down, were removed, the bees "boiled
up" till the tops of the frames could
not be seen.

The farmer had no faith in them,
strong as they were, but if they wished
to make up for their laziness in the

summer before, he would give them a
chance, and he filled the space above
the frames with one-pound sections
and empty brood-frames. Some of
the sections had combs made in the
previous season, and all had combs or
foundation. At the end of the season,
the farmer had taken out of that dry-
goods box 430 pounds of honoj-.

The bees did not swarm — or, if they
did, it was when the farmer was not
looking. The colony was equal to 4
large single colonies, and if they had
remained single, or had been separa-
ted, it is safe to say that the 4 colonies
would not have produced what the one
large one did.

Bees are like other workmen — the
greater the number at work on the
same "job," the quicker will the job
be finished.

Providence, R. I.

MINNESOTA.

The Bee-Season of 1§90 and its
Results.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY S. D. HASKI>f.

Last year opened favorably for
honey, and as soon as the leaves were
out, we saw that the bees worked
largely on the leaves, particularlj' early
and late in the day, and close inspec-
tion revealed the fact of the presence
of innumerable multitudes of the
aphides ; and as vegetation advanced,
the insects increased, with the ever-
present ants to do the pumping, ap-
l^arently.

"Well," says I, " this is something
new, at least, to my 15 years' experi-
ence in bee-keeping in Minnesota ;" I
had sometimes remai'ked that Minne-
sota is never favored with the honey-
dew, so much talked of in some sec-
tions, and I observed it day by day, as
the season advanced, and through the
heat, or middle of the day, the bees
worked more on the flowers, and in
the evening and morning on the sac-
charine foliage-drip.

It was not confined to any locality,
or class of timber, but on all foliage,
even on shrubs and weeds, the insects
as well as their product. Sections were
filled and caj^ped in June, but oh, my!
what dark honey ! But through bass-
wood bloom they turned their atten-
tion to that, and gave us some white
honey ; after that the bees went more
for red clover, golden-rod, asters, and
fall flowers in general, although some
colonies persisted in working on the
foliage-drip in preference.

Then the wintering problem began
to confront me, as the bodies of the
hives were chock-full of the early-

586

TH® Rm.mmi€mm mmm j©WRifsiu.

gathered honey. I winter my bees on
the summer stands. Last winter be-
ing mild, it gave several flights tothe
bees, and the snow was much be-
spattered up every time, but I lost
only 2 colonies out of 68, in wintering,
which left tiU in the spring, mostly in
good condition, and made a fair start
for a good season's work, with a great
abundance of brood.

But I discovered that the bees were
fast using their stores, and although
there was abundance of bloom, the
bees seemed to content themselves by
staying at home and attending to the
wants of their numerous families.
There was no swarming until June,
and then very cautiously ; seldom any
after-swarms, and they were returned,
and nearly one-half of the spring count
not swarming at all.

During May and June I gave my
bees 500 pounds of honej', of last j'eai-'s
product, in frames, and on several
occasions I opened the hives, but I
could not see one bit of honey in them,
and so I began to think of the winter-
ing again, and it looked as though I
should have to resort to feeding, as
some will have to do in these parts, as
it looks now.

But as July came, and basswood
opened, and swarming ceased, they
began to build up rapidly, and stopped
expelling drones, which thej- had in-
dulged in more or less all the season.
The honey from the basswood was
very thin, and the bees filled every
available cell in the brood-chambers,
so that the queens had to suspend
operations until the honey was suffi-
ciently evaporated to keep ; it was then
removed to sections, but leaving plenty
in the brood-chambers for winter
stores. This cleared the way again
for the rearing of brood, which they
are doing bravely, and just now they
are zealously storing from buckwheat,
which is thick, or heavy, and it is at
once put into the sections.

So the hives are stocked with bass-
wood honey for winter, and we will
note the result. During the latter part
of June, and the first of July, I felt,
and said, though I should not get any
surplus, that I would not only be satis-
fied, but very thankful if the bees
stored enough for winter, but better
than this, the prospect is that we may
get perhaps one-fourth of a crop.

Waterville, Minn., Aug. 14, 1890.

Trial Subscribers. — In order to get
as many as possible to read the American
Bee JoiRNAL, we will take Trial Subscrib-
ers from the time the subscription is
received until the end of 1890 for 25 cents
each. Or for any one sending us $1.00 for
1891, we will give the numbers for this
year free from the time the subscription is
received at this office — so the sooner they
subscribe the more they will get for the
money.

BEES' TEMPER

Hints to Beginners About man-
agement of Bees.

Written for the Iowa Homestead

BT VV. M. BOMBERGER.

Pure Italian bees are the gentlest
and most tractable. The common
black bee generallj' has a bad temper.
A cross between the two are often
vicious and ugly. All things consid-
ered, the pure Italian is the best for
the amateur, since the disposition and
temper of bees are matters of educa-
tion. It is always best to make the
first purchase of bees from an expert,
who has handled his bees properly,
and who is conscientious enough to
give the purchasing amateur, bees of
an equable temper. Even in large
apiaries there are colonies of bees that
have bad tempers.

The first hive should be located in a
half shady nook or corner in full view
of a constantly used door, and quite
near the house. It is surprising how
quietly bees will do their work and not
molest any one. Their nearness will
gradually accustom one to them. They
should be fenced, if very small children
are on the premises.

A colony of bees, made vicious by
improper methods of handling and in-
human treatment is bad, if not worse,
than a hornet's nest. Treat bees as
you would your best friends. Walk
to the hive leisurely with a veil over
the face, and a smoker lit and in good
trim. Take a location when working
over them, so you will not be in the
way of bees darting in and out of the
hive. With a chisel or hatchet, pry
apart, or open such parts of the hive
as is necessary in the work, without
snapping and jarring parts waxed to-
gether. Work with them only on hot,
sunshiny days, between 11 and 2
o'clock, when the waxed parts of the
hive will give without jar or snapping.

Without discussing the duties of
various classes of bees in a hive, it is
sufficient to saj' here that when open-
ing a hive, a certain quantity of bees
at the part opened take it on them-
selves to act as defenders, and drop
all other duties. They walk about
nervously, quiver their wings, and, if
given sufficient cause, dart at the oper-
ator and make it decidedly interesting
for him.

An expert can manage them with-
out smoking, but an amateur should
use smoke. Putt' smoke gently in the
opening, and, stupefied and scared,
the bees will retreat back in the hive
and fill themselves with honey, when
they become practically harmless ; but
if it takes time for the operator to
make his manipulations, and other

bees are disposed to get nervous, give
them more smoke. If a few bees
(fighters) buzz angrily around your
head, walk carefully away from the
hive and kill them with a shingle. A
few cross bees flying and pestering an
operator, can, by their noise and the
smell of the venom from attempting to
sting clothing, raise the anger of a
whole colony or apiary.

If bees do sting and make a person
retreat, it is best not to strike with the
arms and hands, but I'un in a direction
away from the house, in a straight
line, and suddenly make half-circles
around trees or brush, making sharp
angles in different directions behind
them.

Never work with bees when there is
an impending storm in the sky, or
during a drouth, or when they are idle
and the honey-flow is slack. During
the height or the active beginning of
breeding, in fruit-bloom, their busiest
work on white clove)', linden, buck-
wheat aud fall flowers, is the proper
time to handle aud work bees. All
work, as near as it can possibly be
done, should be put ofi" until then.
.Such times can be told by the condi-
tion of the bloom, and the way tlie
bees themselves behave. In the even-
ing, at such times, there is a loud and
grateful hum that bespeaks on their
part satisfaction, contentment and
happiness. This hum is the sweetest
music to the bee-keeper's ear, and we
consider it the rarest pleasure to sit on
a hive during twilight, and listen to it.

Harlan, Iowa.

FOUL BROOD.

One Method of Treating tbi»
Dreadful Bee-Scourge.

Written for the Pacific Rural Press

BY E. H. SCHAEFFLE.

This disease, which is only equaled
by the glanders in the horse, in its
fatality, has been the cause of a great
deal of controversy among the most
celebrated of apiarists. The germ the-
ory, which supposes the cause of epi-
demics and contagious diseases to be
due to the agency of specific small
germs, and is backed by Professors
Pasteur, Tyndall and others, is gener-
ally accepted as the true solution of
foul brood. Since these scientific
microscopists agree that bacillus is the
cause of foul brood, and as the germs
or spores exist in every part of the
hive, pollen, cells, wax, and all the
wood-work of the hive, and Prof. Tyn-
dall has proven that2303 F. heat main-
tained for a quarter of an hour, failed
to kill them, the method most gener-
ally adapted for the stamping out of
the disease, consists in the entire de-

rtmm mimsmiGmn mmm jQismnmiu.

587

stvuction by fire of the entire liive with
all its contents of frames, comb, and
bees. This heroic treatment wonlil,
in many cases, bankrupt the apiarist ;
and while, in most cases, it would ef-
fect the best results, we must look to
some moi'e humane and less destruc-
tive method. Mr. Chas. F. Muth has,
in all probability, come nearer a solu-
tion of the difficulty than any other one
man, and from his excellent article on
" Foul Brood," I condense the fol-
lowing :

"It is gratifying to observe the
growing attention paid bj' bee-keepers
to the dangers of the spread of foul
brood. Utah has a bee-inspector in
every county, and a State officer draw-
ing pay from the Stale. It would be
but a move in the right direction if all
the States were to follow the example
of our Mormon brethren.

" An abundance of forest trees aflbrd
homes for absconding swarms favoring
the spread of the disease. Once a
number of bee-ti'ees become infected,
ever}- bee running over these devasta-
ted combs, for years after the death of
the colony, is liable to take home to
its own hive the germs of the disease.
Therefore, be on your guard. The
disease is imparted and spreads by
contagious spores. It is of vegetable
gi'owth, a fungus. Little specks, hardly
discernible to the naked eye, are car-
ried along on the legs of bees ninning
over infected combs. Whenever one
of these spores drops into a cell con-
taining a larva, the larva dies — soon
changing to a brown putrid mass, and
foul brood begins its work. Larvte are
affected and die just before the cells
are capped, or while bees are perform-
ing their usual labor of capping.
These cells, a few weeks afterward,
are perforated near the center, and
easily recognized as disease. Larvse in
uncapped cells, when killed by this
disease, settle into the lower corner as
a ropish substance, and in time dry up
in a hard, coffee-colored mass.

"Bees running over these cells carry
the micrococci to a large number of
other cells. The putrid stench in the
hive becomes so strong that the bees
oft-times swarm in despair, taking
with them the curse of foul brood.
The old bees are not affected, but the
young bees being killed off, it soon
decimates a colony. Micrococcus
dropped into an empty cell will lie dor-
mant for jears, and when the queen
deposits an egg in these cells, the
trouble begins. A crevice in a bot-
tom-board that had been exposed to
the weather for a year, being used,
the bees running over it, dragged the
germ of foul brood into the hive with
them.

" To Dr. Schoenfield is due the credit
of discerning the true nature of foul

brood and its destroj'er, while Emil
Hilbert found the proper proportions.
Mr. Hilbert applies tlie remedy — sali-
cylic acid — by means of an atomizer,
subjecting every bee, comb and cell to
the sj5ray, as well as every frame, in-
side of hive and adjoining surround-
ings. Several thoro\igh treatments ef-
fected a cure. The objection to this
method is that bees from other hives
carry the spores home with them, thus
keeping the disease alive. Mr. Hil-
bert, however, treats his diseased hives
in a closed room.

"After repeated failures, and having
destrojed a number of colonies, I tried
the following method : I brushed the
diseased bees on 10 frames of comb
foundation ; these I placed in a clean
hive, and placed them over a jar of
food. The old combs and frames were
burned up. This feed was continued
until the bees had built out and tilled
up the combs with brood and honey.
Other colonies were treated in the
same manner, and all became healthy
colonies. All did finely, and there
was no more foul brood. I fed these
bees, honey with about 25 per cent, of
water added, and to every quart of
food, an ounce of the following mix-
ture :

Salicylic acid 16 grains.

Soda borax 16 grains.

Water 1 ounce.

"Bees being without food eat it
readily. When an atomizer is used on
the combs, the medicine should be
only one-half as strong. B\' this
method, foul brood can be eradicated
without any loss, save that of the old
combs and frames."
n I have given the method in detail, as
it is none too long, and leaves but lit-
tle to be desired. I would suggest
that all of the frames and the inside of
the new hive into which the bees are
transferred, be sprayed first. The
English method consists in washing
the hive of the diseased bees in a solu-
tion of carbolic acid :

Acid carbolic (Calvert's No. 5) . . .3 ounces.

Glycerine 3 ounces.

Mis and add hot water 1 quart.

The best plan would be to place the
bees to be treated in a hive free from
diseases, and burn all of the diseased
hives.

Too much care cannot be exercised
in the purchase of queens, as those
from infected districts are apt to carry
the disease with them.

Murphys, Calif.

A Nice Hooket Dictionary will be

given as a premium for only one new
subscriber to this Journal, with $1.00. It
is a splendid little Dictionary — just the
right size for the pocket. Every school boy
and school girl, as well as everybody else,
should own and use it. Price, 35 cents.

COIVVEXTIOIV DIRECTORY.

1890. Time and place of meetlmj.

Aug. 29.— Ualdimand, at South Cayuga, Ont.

E. C. Campbell, Sec. Cayuga. Ont.

Sept. 10.— Nebraska State, at Lincoln, Nebr.

J. N. Heater, See., Columbus. Nebr.

Sept. 10.— Ionia County, at Ionia. Mich.

U. Smith. Sec, Ionia. Mich.

Sept. 1:3.— Susquehanna Co., at Springville. Pa.

H. M. Seeley, Sec, Uarford, Pa.

Oct. 8.— S. W. Wisconsin, at Platteville, Wis,

B. Rice. Sec, BoBcobel, Wis.

Oct. 15.— Central Michigan, atLatlsing, Mich.

W. A. Barnes, Sec, Lansing, Mich.

Oct. 29-31.— International American, at Keokuk, la.
C. P. Dadant. Sec. Hamilton, Ills.

In order to have this table complete.
Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — The Editor.

International Bea-Association.

President— Hon. R. L. Taylor.. Lapeer, Mich.
Secretary- C. P. Dadant Hamilton, Ills.

National Bee-Keepers' Union.

President— James Heddon ..Dowagiac, Mich
Seo'y. and Manager— T. G. Newman, Chicago

SBl^^T^^

f^tkWT^R

Pon<l-I..ilies and Wild-Kice.

Will some one who lives close to pond-
liles and wild-rice, that grow in marshes,
tell me if they, or either, secrete much
honey, and the quality — whether it wUl
pay to move bees where either abounds in
large quantities * C. Reynolds.

Fremont, Ohio.

Poorest Season tor 35 Years.

This has been the poorest season for bees-
that we have had in Eastern Ohio since I
have kept bees, which is 35 years. I have
36 colonies, and use the Falcon chaff hive.
I examined my bees to-day, and am satis-
fied that they have not 50 pounds of sealed
honey per colony in the sections. My cus-
tomers are asking me for honey every time
tbey see me. I am keeping bees for pleas-
ure, but I think that the pleasure would be
much greater if I had a ton ortwo of honey
to sell, instead of 200 or 300 pounds. I
winter my bees on the summer stands.

Samuel Holibaugh.

Marlboro, O., Aug. 18, 1890.

Spacing tlie Brood-Combs.

About May 1, 1890, I found acolouy just
as I had fixed it to put the boxes on the
year before. I often put the swarm on 8
frames, and a division-board each side in a
10-frame hive. A thin strip I4XI inch is
placed on the ends of the frames, and the
boxes put on ; so when I find a hive in this
condition, I know that I have not lifted a
frame after the boxes were put on last
year. This old hive is fully 16 inches
across the brood-frames, and these division-
boards are thin — less than % of an inch
thick. The reader can see here wide spac-
ing, or else room enough for another brood-
frame, or else another board. The fact is,,
the colony did a splendid job last year.
No time was wasted on waste comb, or ex-
tra gluing up of every thing. It so hap-
pened that I went to another hive of a very

588

TH® mi^mmiGmm bs® j©>'u>mMmi^,

differed kind ; the smoker had to be in full
blast, the frames were solid with burr-
combs, the division-boards were 1 '^-inches
thick, and the hive l-l^o inches across the
frames. In the discussion of burr-combs
one important factor has been entirely left
out, and that is, the supreme meanness of
some bees. Breed this out of the bees,
and space the frames as given on page 398.
by Mr. Faylor, and the subject of burr-
combs can be put down as settled.

JouN A. King.
Maukato, Minn., Aug. 15, 1890.

Poor Sea!«ou tor Bees.

This has been the poorest year for bees
that there has been since I began bee-keep-
ing. Ten strong colonies worked for ex-
tracted honey gave me only 140 pounds
and one swarm. They are all strong and
in good condition for winter. The increase
from 23 colonies in the spring was 5 colo-
nies. H. M. Seeley.

Harford, Pa., Aug. 18, 1890.

Results of the $$eason so Far.

I have been working 84 colonies this sea-
son in four different places. I have 35 of
my own at home, and worked nearly all
for extracted honey ; the average per col-
ony being 28 pounds — a very light aver-
age. Our bees got such a hard blast in
May, that I could not get them strong
enough by the time our main honey-flow
came — clover. We look for no more sur-
plus honey after it is gone. We get a flow
late in the fall from aster, which puts them
in good condition for winter. The honey
we have is very Que, and there is a good
demand for it, at 10 cents per pound at
home ; and soon all will be sold.

J. G. Ckeighton.

Preston, O., Aug. 21, 1890.

Bee-Ueepin;; in Nebraska.

Please tell me were the next Nebraska
State Bee Keepers' Convention is to be
held. Bees here are gathering but little
honey now. It was very dry until a
few days ago. We do not expect much
suplus honey here. I have 30 colonies of
bees, most of them in good condition for
the honey-flow, if there is any.

F. C. White.

Farmer's Valley, Nebr., Aug. 13, 1890.

C [See the " Convention Notices " on page
589.— Ed.J

IVet Weather and Urouth.

The honey crop in this section of the
country has been a failure, on account of
wet weather in the spring, and the late
drouth. Bees have stored but little honey.
I am now feeding some of the weak colo-
nies, and unless the fall crop turns out
better than expected, I shall probably have
to feed all the honey I have.

W. H. KllIB.\LL.

Davenport, Iowa, Aug. 18, 189p.

Slovine: Bees to a JSkw Pasture.

I have just shipped a carload of bees to
Onawa, Monona county, Iowa, for better
pasturage. I hardly know how I will come
out yet, but I will report if not too far be-
hind, as I went into this on rather a " wild-
goose chase." We have had a severe
drouth, so much so that wells, water-works,
and everything is dried up ; but we expect
it is broken now, as we have had some
rains for the last two weeks, and the earth
is now beginning to look a little green.

Clover undoubtedly is killed out, to a large
extent. If the showers continue, perhaps
we will save half of our usual crop. The
honey is not two per cent, in this county.
The fall crop cannot possibly be very
much. J. W. Bittexbexder.

Knoxville, Iowa, Aug. 19, 1890.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

CHICAGO, Aug. 16.— Comb honey is held
very firmly this week, aad the prices for white
iu pound sections range from 14f?>il.^c, aud
some fancy at 16c, but the bulk of the sales
are at 15c. Demaud is quite good, aud more
could be sold than is coming. Extracted, 6(!i
Sc: there are free offerings of California at
6<!Ji7c. R. A. BCENETT, 161 S. Water St.

NEW YORK, Aug. 11.— We qnote Southern
extracted at 6.5@70c per gallon; orange blos-
som, 7@7!2C per pound; California, 6@7c. No
new comb arrived as yet. Beeswax, dull at
27c, aud a further decline is expected.

HILDRETH BROS. & SBGELKEN,

28-30 West Broadway.

KANSAS CITY, Aug. 22.— Receipts of comb
honey are light, and demand good, at 1-1@1.'jc
for white 1-lbs. No 2-lb8. or dark comb in the
market. Very little demand for extracted at
present: white, 6i4@7c; dark, o@6c. No bees-
wax iu market.

CLEMONS, MASON ,& CO.,

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

CHICAGO, Aug. 21.— New honey arriving
very slowly, demand active, and all receipts
are taken promptlv. We quote: White clover
l-lbs., 16®18c.; 2-lbs., 14@loc.; dark X-lbs.,
ll@12c; 2-lbs., 9@10c. Extracted meets with
quick sale, values ranging from 6l4@7Vi cts.,
depending upon quality and style of package.
Beeswax, 28@30c.

S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, August 6.— Demand is good
for the new crop, and receipts are very light.
White 1-lbs., 15c.; 2-lbs., 13®14c. Dark 1-lbs.
12® 13c.: 2-lbs., 12c. Extracted, white, 7c.:
dark, ri@6c.

HAMBLIN & BEARSS. 514 Walnut St.

DETROIT, Aug. 12.— Very little new comb
honey in the market, and it is selling at 14®
15c. Extracted, 7@8c. Beeswax, 26@27c.
M. H. HUNT. BeU Branch. Mich.

DENVER, Aug. 7.— Old honey all gone. New
crop is arriving freely. Prospect good for a
fall crop. We quote: 1-lbs., 14@16c. Extrac-
ted, 6®8c. Beeswax. 20@25c.

J. M. CLARK COM. CO.. 1517 Blake St.

BOSTON, Aug. 15.— New honey is coming in
and we are selling at 18c. Extracted, 7@8c.
Beeswax. 30c. for tancv yellow.

BLAKE & RIPLEY, 37 Chatham Street.

CINCINNATI, Aug. 12.— Good demand for
comb and extracted honey. Arrivals are in-
sufficient for the demand. We quote best
white comb at 14®16c. Extracted at 5®8c.
Beeswax is in fair demand at 24®26c on arri-
val for good to choice yellow.

C. F. MUTH & SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

dobe Bee -Veils. — Here are two
letters received— from two of our corres-
pondents,and are aboutlike scores of others,
showing how the Globe Veils suit those
who have them. Not one objection has
ever yet been received:

Send me two more Globe Bee-Veils for
my neighbors. I like mine very much. —
J. B. DuNLAP, Rochester, Ind., July 17,
1890.

The two Globe Bee-Veils came by return
mail. Thanks for promptness. I find them
just as neat and clean as new (the soiling
is so slight). They are indeed sure protec-
tion against bee-stings, mosquitoes, etc. —
John H.iuek, Jk., Aiabi, La., Jul}- 16, 1890.

BUSINESS MANAQER.

:zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz»zxzxzzi

Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should notify us at once.

It^" Send us one neiv subscription, with
.$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

B^" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price SI. 00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

U^" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procirred at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.

1^" Send us two new subscriptions, with
$2.00, and we will present you with a
" Globe " Bee-Veil for your trouble. (See
the fuller notice in the advertising col-
umns.)

Jt^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

I^" Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we wiU send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

1^^ Any of the Political DoUar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our JouR-
NAi, at $1.85 for the two: or with both our
Home Journal and Bee Joitrnal for $2.25
for all three papers.

||^~ As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write American Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

J^" Systematic work in the Apiary wUl
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices ;

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

'• 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 25

•' 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

J^" When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

J;^" A "Binder" made especially for
the Amekkan Bee Jovkx.vl, and lettered
in gold, makes a very convenient way of
preserving the copies of the Bee Journal
as fast as they are received. We offer it,
postpaid, for 60 cents ; or as a premium for
two new subscriptions, with $2.00. It can-
not be mailed to Canada.

T'H® MMBRICffiH MMW J&'URJSRJ^.

589

A Kew Method of Treating Disease.

HOSPITAL REMEDIES.

What are they i There is a new departure
in the treatment of disease. It consists in
the collection of the specifics used by noted
specialists of Europe and America, and
bringing them within the reach of all. For
instance, the treatment pursued by special
physicians who treat indigestion, stomach
and liver troubles only, was obtained and
prepared. The treatment of other physi-
cians, celebrated for curing catarrh, was
procured, and so on till these incomparable
cures now include disease of the lungs,
kidneys, female weakness, rheumatism and
nervous debility.

This new method of "one remedy for one
disease " must appeal to the common-sense
of all sufferers, many of whom have experi-
enced the ill effects, and thoroughly realize
the absurdity of the claims of Patent
Medicines which are guaranteed to cure
every ill out of a single bottle, and the use
of which, as statistics prove, has ruined
rtiore stomachs than alcohol. A circular
describing these new remedies is sent free
on receipt of stamp to pay postage, by
Hospital Remedy Company, Toronto, Can-
ada, sole proprietors.

51D26t Imly.

Convention iVotices.

t^~ The Northern Illinois Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, will hold its fall meeting at Harlem, Ills., on

Auk. 19, 1890. D. A. FULLER, SeC.

' iW The Southwestern Wisconsin Bee-Keepers'
Society, will meet on Oct. 8, 1890, at the residence of
E. France, Flatteville, Wis. B. rice, Sec.

tW The Cortland Union Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, will bold their Annual Basket Picnic at the
Floral Trout Park, in Cortland, N. r.,, Tuesday"
Aug. 19, 1890. BBsays will he in order. All come.
M. H. Faikbanks, Sec.

IC^The fall meeting of the Central Michigan
Bee-Keepers' Association, will meet in the Pioneer
Rooms, Capitol Building, Lansint;, Mich., on Wed-
nesday, Oct. 15, 1890, to commence at 10 a.m.

W. A. Babnes, Sec.

tW The Susquehana County Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation, will meet at e^pringville. Pa., t.n Saturday,
Sept. 13. 1890, at lo a.m. All are invited to attend.
I would request every one in tlie county, who has
one or more colonies, to send me their report for
the season— number of colonies in the spring, num-
her of increase, pounds of comb honey, of extracted
—and of beeswax.

H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.

|y The Nebr.Tska State Bee-Keepers' Association
will meet in convention in the Bee and Honey Hall
State Fair Grounds, at Lincoln, Nebr.. on Wednes-
day evening, September in, i8yo. Mr. E. Whitcomb.
Superintendent of the Bee and Hc.nev Department
ot the State Fair, will beon hand the e'ntire week of
the Fair. He especially desires that every bee-
keeper shall make this department his head-quart-
ers. Any honey, or appliances in its production,
sent in his care, charges paid, will be properly
placed on e.thibition. j. N. Heater, Sec

Chapman Honey-Plant fSeed

This plant has been commended by some of
the most experienced beekeepers in
America, as being " a most valuable acqui-
sition to the list of bee-forage plants." The
seed may be scattered in waste places, or
it may be sown in drills or hills like onion
seed. We can furnish the seed, post-paid,
at the following prices : Single ounce, 40
cents; 4 ounces, -Sl.OO; 10 ounces, .S2. 00;
or one pound for $3.00.

Send us the Haines and addresses ot any
of your friends upon whom you desire to call,
to get their subscriptions, and we will imme-
diately send them each a sample copy. In
this way you can readily get them for a club.

CI^IJKIIIi'VCi L,ISX.

We Clul» the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the I>AS X
column. The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book ;

PHee of both. Olub.
The American Bee Journal $1 00

and Gleanings In Bee-Culture.... 2 00 175

Bee-Keepers' Guide 150. .. 140

Bee-Keepers' Review 150 140

TheApioulturist 175.... 165

Bee-Kcepors' Advance 150 140

Canadian Bee Journal 2 00 ... 180

The 7 above-named papers 5 25 5 00

and Langstroth Revised (Badant) 3 00 2 75

Cook's Manual (1887 edition) 2 25 2 00

Quinby's New Bee-Keeping. 2 50 2 25

Doolittle on Queen-Rearing, 2 00 175

Bees and Honey (Newman).. 2 00 175

Binderfor Am. Bee Journal. 160 130

Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth). 3 00 2 00

Root's A B C ot Bee-Culture 2 25 ... . 210

Farmer's Account Book 4 00 2 20

Western World Guide 150.... 130

Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150 140

A Year Among the Bees 1 50 1 35

Convention Hand-Book 150. .. 130

Weekly Inter-Ocean 2 00 175

Toronto Globe (weekly) 2 00 170

History of National Society. 150 125

American Poultry Journal.. 2 25 150

The Lever (Temperance) 2 00 1 75

Do not send to us for sample copies
of any other papers. Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.

Itee-Keeping- tor Profit, by Dr.

G. L. Tinker, is a new 50-page pamphlet,
■which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted honey, and the construction of
the hi ve best adapted to it — his ' 'Nonpareil. ' '
The book can be had at this office for 35
cents.

We club the Illustrated Home Journal
(price 50 cts.)with the American Bee Jour-
nal for one year for only $1.35. You can-
not afford to do without either — the one as
an aid to practical bee-keeping, and the
other as an invaluable literary and home
periodical for the whole family.

HanAlins- Ileos,— This is the title of
a nice pamphlet containing 28 pages and a
cover, published by Chas. Dadant & Son.
It is a chapter from their book, Langstroth
Revised, and is an excellent thing for be-
ginners. Price, 8 cts. For sale at this office.

CIu1>s of 5 for $4.00 to any addresses.
Ten for $7.50. if all are sent at one time.

Voice of Masonry! Family Magazine.
Three yesirh- a Paper and twenty-five i Ma'-'a-
zine. Now unexcelled. Containe fine Portraits
and Illustrations, and a great variety of ariiclei?,
ptories and pnems for "Freemasony and their fara
iliefl; also Kast+rn Star, Itlasonic Gleaninf^s and
Editorial Depart inpnts. Price per year. $3.1)0.
JOHN W. KUOWN, Editor and Publieher,
IB^ & 1&4 b. Clark Street., Chicago, lUinoie.

FOR SALE!

Xn KNtiibliMlicd Supply BuMiiiei^M.

HAS liccn running since ISfJU. Present
owner is coiiipeiied to give it up. Stock
so reduced that ifbOO will buy what is neces-
sar.v to the trade. Capital required, from one
to »en thousand. Will invoice with reasonable
discount, and no (•hiirgo for the business. The
shop and buildiiii^s, together with 20 acres of
land, can be leased for a term of years. If not
sold before Sept. IB, will auction off at that
date. Location convenient to both depots.

Terms Cash, or satisfactory security, on
time. Have a T-Tin Machine— capacity, 500
complete Tins in an hour; a Given Press, horse
power. Saws, Sheeting- outfit, etc., etc., and 50
colonies of Italian Bees. Will quote prices or
receive bids on whole or part, by mail.
C M. TERRELIi, Jerseyville, Illinois.
(Successor to E. S. Armstrong.)

35A2t
Mention the American Bee Journal.

The Honey Almanac

JUST the thlDK needed to create a demand for
HONEy at home. Bee-keepers should scatter
it freely. It shows the uses of Honev for Medicine
Eating. DrinkinK. Cooking, for making Cosmetics
Vinegar, etc.: also uses of BEESWAX. Price, sets.;
26 copies for $1.10 ; 5u copies, |1.70; 75 copies. $2,30;
K«t for 12.90. The foregoing are POSTPAID prices:
followingareprices when sent by express or freight:
iw for $2.5(1; 500 for $io.fXJ : l.(.MX) for $15.CK). The
Bee-Keeper's CARD will be printed on the first page
without extra cost, when 2b or more are ordered at
one time. Address,

THOS. G. IVE^VMAN A: SON,

246 East Madison St,. - CHICAGO. ILL.

15.00

WILL BUY.

t*^ I will close out my Apiary
vt over 100 Colonies of Bees in
hue condition, at $3 per Colony
— good Colonics, ^'■ood Hives, with enough hon-
ey to winter on. Address,
34Atf J. A. KING, Mankato, ininn.
Mtvtion the Amtrican Bee Journal.

The Lever.

THE NATIONAI.

- - TEMPERANCE NEWSPAPEB.

Bright! Newsy! and Enterprising!

"YOTJ siiOTJi^iD :r:h:a^t:> it.

Scud for Sample Copy.

To IVevv Subscribers, Only 50c a Year.

This offer closes November 1.

Center-Lever Company.

134 Van Buren Street. - CHICAGO, ILL.

13Atf— 4Mtf

BEESWAX WANTED.

Beesivax.^We will pay 34 cents per

pound, in Cash, for Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
ered here.

1^~ To avoid mistakes, the name of the
shipper should always be on each package.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Mudison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

American fjarniolans, Hmi
uies— only^oue swarmed this

From two finest
me-Bred Colo-
s season. Very
prentle. good honey-gatherers. Dry weather
disposed of drones near me. Select Untested
Queens, $1.00. Safe arrival guaranteed.
3'3A4t E. F. QuiGLET, Unionville, Mo.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

590

itmm MMEmieMH mnm jQ^Mnmi^.

Till Pails for Honey.

THESE Pails have full covers, and are excellent
for selling Huney in the Home Market; and
after the Honey granulates in them, it can be
shipped anywhere with perfect safety. All sizes
have a bail, or handle, and when empty are useful
in every household.

The engraving shows STRAIGHT
TIN PAILS, of which there are :j sizes,
hnldiny respectively 3, 5 and in lbs. of
lluney. Assorted Samples rif the 3
^izea will be sent by express for *) cts.
Ill quantities, the prices are:

Perdoz. Per 100
i;;illon...holds 10 lbs.. ..$l.so.... 112.00
• .-Gallon. holdsSlhs.... 1.50.... 9.00
C,)uart, holds 3 lbs l.l'n. ... V-OfJ

The second enEraving represents
THE TAPERING TIN PAILS-
made heavier and stronger than
those with straight sides. The
covers are deeper, and the top-
edge of the Pail is doubled over,
making it smooth and convenient
to handle. Of the Tapering Pails
there are five sizes, viz; i-lb.. 4-lb..
7-lb., I3-Ib.. and 25-lb. Assorted
Samples of these will be shipped

In quantities, the prices

by express for 7.5 cents.
are as follows :

To hold l-lb. 4-lb8.
Perdozen, f .75. ...$1.25...
Per I0<j. 5.00.... 8.00...

THOS. O. NEH^MAIV & SON,

246 East MadiBon Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

7-lbs.

13-lbs.

25-lbs.

t 1.50..
10.00. .

..I 2.00..
.. 14.50..

..» 3.25
.. 23.00

British, Bee Joiirnal

AND BEE-EEEFEBS' ADVISEE,

IS published every week, at 68. 6d. per
an Duni. It contains the very beat practical
Information for the apiarist. It is edited by
Thomas Wm. Cowan, F.G.S., F.R.M.S., etc., and
published by John Buckle, King's Langley,
Herts. Enirland

Bee -Hives, Sections, &c.

On and after Feb. 1, 1890, we will sell our
No. 1 V-groove Sections In lots of 500 as fol-
lows: Less than 2,000 at $3.50 per thousand;
2,000 to 5,000 at $.3.00 per thousand. Write
for special prices on larger quantities. No. 2
Sections $2.00 per thousand. Send for Price-
List for other Supplies. Address,

J. STAUFFEK & SONS,

(Successors to B. J. Miller cSc Co.)
31Atf NAPPANEE. IND.

PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION

HAS NO SAG IN BKOOD FRAITIES.

THIN FLAT BOTTOM FOUNDATION

Ha» uo Fi»«li-boiie iii Surplu^lluuey.

V - -^3^ Beinp the cleanest is usually worked
■Rsyf^SRfsS^ the quickest of any Foundation made.

'''■" J. VAN DEIISEN & SONS,

Sole Manufacturers.
Sprout Brook, Montgomery Co.. N. Y.

lAtf

lMan((iieeiisll!*;'»S

Untested, GO ots. each, or four for .$3.00.
34Atf GOOD BROS., Nappanee, Ixd.
Mention the Arneriiuin Bee JourncU.

{]\mmi llaliiiii

September, 1889. N
Send for Price-List.

Purely bred — Purely

MATED. Won first prem-
ium over all eompetitors
at Buffalo International,
ONE Better in America !
Order early.

Great reduction in price. Former prices
superseded. Select tested, $1.50; Tested, 75c.
Five Apiaries to draw from. Can ship bj' re-
turn mail in any quantity.

Importer and Breeder,

a-i^c-a-ide:, - nsTEi-vv "5roK,ii

.^:iAtf
Menlio7i tl I c American Bee Jourtwl.

HONEY BOXES

A FOLDIM PAPER BOX

— Fim

PROTECTING SECTIONS OF HONEY.

For SIil|>per»!i and Retailers.

All boxes printed with your Business Card on

front if desired.

Samples and Prices on application.

MUNSON&CO.,

30Ai3t Kew Haven, Conn.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

SPECIAL DISCOUNT

ON HIVES.

IN order to keep our factory running during-
the fall and winter months, we will make
a discount of 10 per cent, on all orders for
Hives received before Jan. 1, 1891, and after
that date, until March 1, we will make a dis-
count of 5 per cent, from our Catalog-ue
prices.

The experience of the last season should
prompt every bee-keeper to have his supply of
Hives, etc., on hand before the season com-
mences, and avoid the rush.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

HANDLING BEES

APAMPHl-ET, treating of the taming-
and handling of bees. Just the thing- for
beginners. It is a chapter from "Tlie Hive
and Honey-Bee, revised." Price, 8 cts.
Advice to beginners. Circulars, &c., free.

CHAS. DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ills

Mutli's Honey Extractor,

Perfection Cold-Blast Smokers,
SQUARE GLASS UONET-JARS, etc.

For Circulars, apply to

CHARLES F. MXrXK A SON,

Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.. CINCINNATI, O.
P. 8.— Send lOc. for Practical Hints to Bee-Keeperp.

Scieutific (|iieen-Reariiig

AS PBACTICAI.I1Y APP1.IED;

Being a Method by which tlie very best of

Queeu-Bees are reared in perfect accord

-with Nature's Way ; by

G-. M. DOOLITTLE.

In this booli the author details the results
of his Experiments in Bearing Queen-Bees for
tlie past four or five years, and is the first
to present his discoveries to the World.

Bound in Cloth— 176 pages— Price, $1.00,
postpaid : or, it will be Clubbed with the
American Bee Journal one year, for $1.7.5—
with the Illustrated Home Journal, for $1.25 ;
or the two Journals and the Book for $2.C0.

THOS. G. NEWMAN A: SON,

2-16 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

^QUARE I^ONEY QaNS

The above illustration shows the 60 pound
Sqr.vKE HoxET Caxs -which are becoming
quite jiopular for shipping extracted honey.
They are enclosed in
a solid case of wood,
and the boxes contain
either one or two Cans
^^^^^ as may be preferred.
^^HHUIill -^^g pgjj furnish them
at the following prices,
with a 1}. J -inch Screw
Cap in the corner of
each Can.
For the convenience
illlliff ^^^^'^^ digging out candied
-"■III* ^^B^^ honey, we can furnish
these Cans -with an
additional four-inch Screw Cap for 5 cents
extra on each Can.

1 Single Can .... (boxed) ? .45

13 " Cans... " 5.00

100 " " ... " 40.00

1 box of two Cans 75

13 boxes " 8.40

100 " " 65.00

THOMAS G. KSWIVIAIT & SON,

246 East JIadlsou Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

PARNIOLANS

H Bees and Queens bred from Pure Im-

H I ported Stock with preat care. Send lorcir-
H B cular living full de.scriplions. queens in
■Jjune. »l. .\d.lress. K. L. PRATT,
^i^ PB.iTT BEE FARM, Marlboro, Mass.

Special Hive Circular now ready. Send 10
cents for new method, post-paid. Italian
Queens and Supplies. 3Atf

Mention the AmcHcun Bee Journal.

Extra Thin Comb Foundation.

Ill 25-Fonii(l Boxes.

WE CAN now furnish the Van Densen
ExTR.i-THiN Flat-Bottom Foundation
put up in 25-lb. Boxes, in sheets 16^x28
inches, at $13.75 per box. 12 ft. to the lb.
t^~ The above is a special offer, and is a
Bargain to all who can use that quantity.

All orders for any other quantity than
exactly 25 lbs. (or its multiple) will be filled
at the regular price— 65 cents per lb.

THOS. G. NEWMAN A: SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

LOOK HEBE!

mESTED Italian Queens, *1.00 each:
-L Untested, 7.5c. ; 12-pouud Shipping Cases
in Hat. per 100, $6.00 : 2x9 glass for same, per
100,70c.; per 500, 13.00. Price-List free.

Address. J. M. KIJiZIE,

20Aly ROCHESTER. Oakland Co.. MICH.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

rae icMERicKP* mum jouMMmiL.

505

-^ > PUBI.ISHKD HY_ ti

THO S . G . NK WMAN &. SON,

rHICAtJO. [LtL.. ^

I

XHOmAS G. WE^VIUAW,

EDITOR.

Vol. mi, Sept. 6,1890, No. 36,

Dr. A. B. Mason is to award the
Premiums at the Michigan State Fair in
the Honey and Vegetable Department. He
is an expert in these lines, and will do
creditable work.

Xlie Anard of the Premiums^ at

the Detroit Exposition gave universal sat-
i-sfaetion to all the exhibitors. It is a pleas-
ure to act as " judge " for such an intelli-
gent and agreeable body of exhibitors as
were there.

<»Hr Fi-ieiMl. Mr. H. D. Cutting, has
done nobly in getting a grand exhibit of
honey at the Detroit Exposition, notwith-
standing the poor honey crop. He is a
icoj'fccc, and the " Management " are to be
congratulated upon having secured such an
•able and reliable Superintendent of the
Apiary Department.

Tlie Xri>!!$tate Fair will be held in
Toledo, O., from Sept. 8 to 13, 1890. We
regret to notice that the Premiums in the
Apiarian Department have been cut down
to *60. Last year, and, indeed, for several
years quite liberal Premiums have been
offered. This will necessarily cut down
the exhibits very much. It is very poor
policy to do this, but we understand that
the "Management" has gone into other
hands— and, we might add, into greener
hands, in more ways than one. They will
likely see their mistake as the years roll on.

What a contrast is presented between
the Premiums at Toledo and Detroit— the
latter are over $500— nearly ten times the
amount of the aggregate Premiums at
Toledo. Dr. A. B. Mason is the Superin-
tendent at Toledo, but is in no way respon-
sible for the cut in Premiums.

Xlie I'^ttiior having agreed to serve as
judge at the Detroit Fair and Expostion,
in the Apiary Department, concluded to go
to Ohio and visit relatives for a few days,
returning by the way of Detroit, and make
a short visit to some beekeepers that
might be on the route, as circumstances
permitted.

At Medina, Ohio, we stopped over a
train to call on our friend and co laborer,
Mr. A. I. Root. We found him busy, as
usual, in the management of his larje
manufacturing establishment and bee-
keepers' suppjy bouse. His son-in-law, Mr.
John Calvert, showed us all over the
premises, and although it is now quite
extensive,Mr. Root is adding to its capacity
by the erection of another large building,
in order to accommodate his rapidly-in-
ci-easing business. He makes almost every-
thing used by apiarists, and it requires
much room and machinery, as well as
many hands to do it. Ernest was away in
New York visiting apiaries, on his bicycle,
and so we were disappointed in not seeing
him and his excellent wife. The ladies of
the "Root" family— Mrs. A. I. Root, Mrs.
Calvert (her daughter), and Mrs. Ernest
Root — are charming, and the young ladies,
the heads of departments in the office, are
intelligent and faithful workers in that
"hive of industry."

We had an excellent visit there, and as
the train we expected to take did not put
in an appearance in time for us to make
connection with the New York, Pennsylva-
nia & Ohio railway going east, " John "
kindly took us iu a buggy, and drove to
Russel (14 miles). This gave us a chance
to have a long visit with him, and see the
fine country between these two points.
This we enjoyed most fully, and arrived at
Kent, in Portage county, on time.

Here Mr. Benj. Harding, our nephew, has
a small apiary, but the drouth prevented
the bees from gathering honey, and so far
only a few pounds of comb honey is the
result of the season's operations, where
there should have been many hundreds of
pounds. Mr. H. resides about two miles
east of Kent. In the city, Mr. L. G. Reed
has the principal apiary. It is a marvel of
neatness, but the same atmospheric condi-
tions have cut his honey crop short.

We were unable to stop over at Bedford,
to see Mr. J. B. Hains and Miss Dema
Bennett. We saw the apiary, however, as
the ti-ain was pulling out of that place. We
presume Mr. Hains' crop is also short.

At Cleveland we also visited relatives,
and then took the steamboat for Detroit.
At the Exposition we found a magnificent
apiarian exhibit— about double the quan-
tity exhibited last year ; it was of excellent
quality, and arranged most attractively.

This is written at the hotel, after looking
the exhibit over, on Wednesday evening.
To-morrow we are to award the premiums,
and will give more details of the display
next week, after we return home.

The "Management" of the Elzposition
have been very liberal with Premiums
(over $500), and this has made the exhibit
what it is. Several of the exhibitors have
displayed their whole croi)s.

Mr. H. D. Cutting (the Superintendent)
has been working very hard to get a credit-
able display ; so has Mr. W. Z. Hutchinson,
Mr. M. H. Hunt, Mr. O. L. Hershiser, and
others. Dr. A. B. Mason and Mr. J. Y.
Detwiler are here from Toledo, and to-
morrow and Friday there will be a pleas-
ant re-union among bee-men.

A Honey Xliief was the heading of
an item in the Chicago Mail of Aug. 23,
1890, and the account of the honey-steal-
ing was told in the following "short and
sweet" manner :

A sweetlooking thief was John Snyder,
of Lawndale, as he stood before Police
Magistrate Doyle this morning, charged
with stealing the honey from the hives of
Officer Fairchild of the above suburb.

Said the officer : " I have lost the honey
from my hives for the last four years, and
I firmly believe that this fellow has been
the thief. 1 captured him the other uight
while making off with a tubful of the
sweetness."

The prisoner, with swollen face, did not
deny that he was the guilty party, and he
was held to the grand jury on the charge
of grand larceny.

Officer Jesse Fairchild is one of our host
of readers and customers, and has quite a
large apiary which he has run successfully
in connection with his official duties for the
past few years. We are glad that the bees
helped to catch the thief by "marking"
him in their accustomed effective way. He
will think twice next time ere he tackles
the possessions of the hard-working bee.

A ltee-I..ine is frequently spoken of,
and its origin no doubt can be traced to the
bees themselves, as they are very strong,
and can fl.y very fast and for a long time
without taking a rest. Their eyes are made
to see a a great distance, and when away
from their habitations they mount up iu
the air until they see the place where the
hives are situated, and then fly toward it
in a straight line with great velocity ;
hence the shortest line between two given
points is often referred to as a " bee-line."
This habit is taken advantage of by hun-
ters of wild honey, to trace the hives in the
woods.

It is a ^Vell KnoMii Fact that bees
never visit two or more distinct classes of
flowers on the same trip, but always pro-
cure a full load of pollen or honey of which-
ever kind they commence on first, and
return to the hive or home to unload be-
fore making a change. While this is so,
bees frequently visit flowers of the differ-
ent kinds of clovers on the same trip, for I
have seen occasionally a bee go from a
white clover blossom to that of the red,
then to that of the Alsike, al! on the same
trip ; but the first holds good generally,
even with the different kinds of clovers.
Exchanfie.

596

Tia® jtiNdEKic-ffifff mmm joi3mnmi^.

SEPT£iMBER.

BY SOPHIE L. SCHENCK.

A change creeps over Nature. A deep flush
MouDts to the maple-leaf : the air is clear :

The (Trapes are purpling, and a crimson blush
Spreads o'er such flowers as declithe waning year;

Ripe apples bend the trees, while golden-rod.

By roadside, lane and meadow, gayly nod.

Now whistlings of the quail are often heard
From buckwheat fields. while, on the calm air.floats

The drumming of the partridge. Not a bird
Builds now a nest ; but night is thrilled by notes

From crickets near, and locusts' drowsy hum

That seems to say : " September time has come I"
—Ladies Home Joub.sall.

The Toronto liidiiiitrial ICxIii-
bitioii, which is to be held from Sept. 8th
to the 20th, at Toronto, Ont., has prepared
a splendid premium list for its Bee and
Honey Department, and Canadian apiar-
ists should avail themselves of this oppor-
tunity of making a display which shall be a
credit to the industry of bee-keeping in the
great Dominion. Regarding the list of
premiums, Mr. K. F. Holtermann, of Rom-
ney, Ont., writes thus :

I believe that Toronto leads in giving
encouragement to an attractive display of
honey and bee-keepers' supplies, and for
this the Manager deserves great credit, as
also does Mr. D. A. Jones. I say that they
deserve credit, because there is no doubt
this display from year to year has done
much in popularizing honey, not only in
Toronto, but throughout our broad Domin-
ion.

As will be seen by the appended prize-
list, the present year, take it as a whole, is
a credit to the committee— Messrs. Vail,
McKnight, Emigh and Otter, and the Asso-
ciation. The prizes offered amount to
$302, and 3 silver and 3 bronze medals.

By carefully studying the list, it will be
seen that every encouragement has been
given to bee keepers who can only exhibit
in small quantities. This is as it should
be, and will doubtless bring out a great
many exhibitors — in fact, I have heard that
the exhibit in the honey-building will be
greater than any previous year.

There is just one little point of difference
which I have— it will be seen that the prizes
offered to supply dealers pure and simple,
are three silver medals and -^T.OO. In my
humble opinion, this is not as it should be,
surely, for bee keepers go to exhibitions to
learn what different appliances are being
made, and also what new inventions. It
probably pays a supply dealer no better to
show his wares irrespective of prizes, than
it would the beekeeper, and we know that
in Toronto supply dealers have almost
ceased showing ; they say that it pays
them better to send out extra circulars for
the amount that it would cost them to
exhibit.

I regret to see no prize offered for va-
rieties of honey. When only the lightest
boney is shown at Fairs, the public are apt
to think that anything varying from that
color must be impure. But let me repeat,
I never saw a prize-list before which, in my
estimation, is so well suited to give satis-
faction to bee keepers and the Exhibition
Association. R. F. Holtermann.

The following is the Premium-List for
"Honey and Apiarian Supplies," referred

to by Mr. Holtermann, a copy of which,

with the rules governing the same, may be

had by sending the request on a postal

card to Mr. H. J. Hill, the Secretary, at

Toronto, Ont. :

ist. 2d. 3d. 4th.
Best display of 200 lbs. of extracted

granulated honey in glass »10 $5 13 I

Best display fof 5iXi lbs. of liquid ex-
tracted honey, of which not less

than 2-iO lbs. must be in glass.quality

to be considered 20 15 10 5

Best display of 500 lbs. of comb honey

in sections, quality to be considered 25 20 12 6
Best display of 2o lbs. of comb boney

in sections, quality to be considered,

tf-at is to say.clean sections and best

filled 10 6 4 2

Best display of lOO lbs. of extracted

liquid linden honey, in glas8,quality

to be considered !. 8 5 3

Beat display of lOO lbs. of extracted

liquid clover honey in glass, quality

considered 8 5 3

Best beeswax, not less than 10 lbs.

i manufacturers of comb foundation

excluded) 6 4 2

Best foundation for brood-chamber. .321

Best foundation for sections 3 2 1

Apiarian supplies 1. Silver Medal.

2. Bronze Medal.

Best style and assortment of tins for

retailing e-xtracted honey 1. Silver Medal.

Best style and assortment of tins for

retailing extracted honey 2. Bronze Medal.

Best style and assortmentof glassfor

retailing extracted honey 1. Silver Medal.

Best style and assortment of glassfor

retailing extracted honey 2. Bronze Medal.

Best section super for top story and

system of manipulating, product to

be exhibited in super as left by the

bees 3 2 1

Best and most practical new invention

for the apiarist, never shown be-
fore at this Exhibiti<m 5 3 2

Largest and best variety of uses to

which honey may be put,illustrated

by individual samples of the ditTer-

ent things into which it enters as a

component ; forexample,say one or

two samples each in canned fruits,

cakes, pastry, meats, vinegar, etc. .. 8 5 3
Best and most useful queen-nursery

cage 2

For most tasty and neatly arranged

exhibit of honey in the Apiarian

Department, all the honey to be the

production of the exhibitor. ?20 of

this prize is given by the Ontario

Bee-Keepers' Association 35 15 10

Extracted Honey.- The following is
on Mr. R. Wilkins' honey-labels :

Honey is one of Nature's purest sweets,
valuable both as food and medicine. It has
always been esteemed a luxury — the food
of kings ; eaten in small quantities with
other food it is very nourishing, and favors
the cure of pulmonary diseases and colds.

The scientific management of bees, and
the use of the honey-extractor, make ex-
tracted honey so abundant that all may
use it.

Honey is very diversified in its color,
taste, odor, and disposition to become can-
died, or granulated, depending mainly on
the variety of bloom it is collected from,
and the weather in which it is gathered.
Cold weather favors speedy granulation ;
its becoming granulated is one of the best
evidences of its purity, yet .some of the best
California honey requires two seasons to
become candied.

This honey was gathered mainly from
sage blossoms on the mountains of Califor-
nia. Of course, we cannot entirely avoid
having it mixed with honey from other
flowers. I am sorry that it is impractica-
ble to give our customers positive evidence
of the genuineness of our goods unless their
own taste is reliable. I merely assert that
our honey is pure and good, at the same
time realizing that the mere say so or
guarantee of a stranger who is interested
in the sale of his goods, is but slight com-
mendation. But I will suggest that our
honey comes from the southern part of the
State of California, noted for its producing
a greater quantity of choice honey than
any other part of the world, yielding it
here by the hundreds of tons.

BesiniuuK^* — AH things must have a
beginning, and it is sometimes interesting
to look back over the beginning of an en-
terprise and note the losses, successes and
failures. The Kno.xville, Iowa, Express,
last spring, contained nearly a column arti-
cle concerning the apiary of Mr. J. W.
Bittenbender, and in it is given Mr. B's
expeiience for 17 years as follows :

In the spring of 1873 I purchased 4 colo-
nies of bees, and being successful, in the
spring of 1875 I had 15 colonies to begin
the season with, and in the fall they had
increased to 24, and I had sold $300 worth
of comb honey, selling it readily at 25
cents per pound.

In the fall of 1875 I invested $150 in
bees, in all conceivable kinds of hives, but
mostly in straight- framed hives, with holes
cut in the top of the frames for the bees to
enter the boxes ; but my success was turned
to sorrow in the spring of 1876, and only
18 of my 50 colonies were left to cheeV
me on my way.

I hived the swarms in the empty hives as
they issued, with the old comb remaining,
and as the season was good, in the fall I
had nearly all of my hives filled with a fair
crop of honey, giving me about S200.

In the spring of 1877 1 suffered a loss of
1 1 colonies, leaving me with 34, the loss
being in the tight-frame hives. Satisfying
myself on this point, I began transferring
the combs and making kindling wood of
these hives, using new hives of the Lang-
stroth pattern only.

As this was a poor season until fall, I had
no swarms, but did have a surplus of about
35 pounds to the colony, and the bees had
plenty to winter on.

In 1878 there was but little honey until
July, when the linden was in bloom, then
for two weeks the bees tried to " break
their backs," so that 1 increased them to
49 colonies, and sold about $450 worth of
honey, and came out in the spring of 1879
with 45 colonies, and was quite successful
until the season of 1883, when so many
bees suffered destruction throughout the
United States, Iowa being no exception ;
but not being discouraged, although suffer-
ing a heavy loss, and seeing a prospect of a
good honey season, I proceeded to buy up
all the bees that were for sale, and suc-
ceeded in filling up my hives and receiving
fair pay for my season's work.

lioney-IJew tor ^Vinter Stores.

-Dr. Southard, of Kalamazoo, one of the
brightest and most expert bee-keepers of
the day, used to doubt the utility of honey-
dew. Several years ago, however, when
everybody's bees all over the country gath-
ered so much honey-dew, and were all
going to perdition with it in the wnnter, the
doctor thought he would like to know some-
thing positive about it ; so he saw to it that
5 or 6 colonies had nothing but honey-dew.
He winters them out-doors, and usually
loses but one or two out of a hundred, and,
sure enough, the 5 colonies having honey-
dew exclusively, wintered as nice as a pin.
It has been demonstrated that diarrhea
among bees (the one and only cause of
winter losses), is not caused by honey-dew
nor cider, nor anything of the kind, but by
the consumption of nitrogen from bee-
bread or floating pollen. Well-ripened
buckwheat honey is as good stores for win-
ter as any in the world.— J5.rc)iaMge.

Supply Dealers who desire to handke
a good Bee-Veil, should write for our dozen
rates on the"Globe" Bee-Veils, to sell again.

TH® mimmmicmn mmm j&'uwtnmi^.

597

- -~»^^;j^-^— ■ ■>■— »^»^*-^ t^.±^_±^±^^^--^^^'

- — ■>-■ -J" - — -^;> — ■> — ■- — -.-^ ;^j^ •^ •^ * ^ •' •*" ~ ' Tj*::^ -JT * -^ ■^ ■*

Mils % Replies,

Proper Size of Mesli in Wire.
Clotli to Exclude Bees.

WrUUn for the American Bee Journal

QuEKY 737.— 1. How large a mesh of
wire-cloth can be used for queen-introduc-
ing cages, and be sure that no worker can
pass through to injure the queen > 3. Will
soldered wire-cloth of 'bx^u inch mesh,
made of wire one thirty-second of an inch
in diameter, be perfectly safe i — Conn.

I use 14 meshes to the inch. — G. M. Doo-

LITTLE.

I think it would be perfectly safe.— C. H.

DiBBERN.

I prefer a mesh of 18 to the inch. — J. P.
H. Brown.

About Jg of an inch mesh, I think. — Mrs.
L. Harrison.

1. I think eight to an inch safe. 2. Yes.
— A. J. Cook.

We use common window wire-cloth. —
Dad ANT & Son.

I have used no other save the ordinary
screen-wire. — J. M. Hambaugh.

1. One-eighth of an inch would be all
right. 3. Yes.— James Heddon.

3. I think not. The bees will get hold of
the queen through so large a mesh. — A. B.
Mason.

The mesh of the wire-cloth usually used
for queen-cages is 12 to the inch. — G. L.
Tinker.

With that size of mesh, ^sxig, your queen
is liable to damage from outside bees. — H.
D. Cutting.

1. I cannot say precisely. 3. Yes, if
none of the meshes were enlarged by acci-
dent or otherwise. — R. L. T.aylok.

1. I would use the ordinary black or
green screen-cloth. 2. The larger mesh,
the more the liability to lose the queen
from stinging.— J. M. Shuck.

What would you gain by such heavy and
coarse wire ? I have never heard any ob-
jection to the common wire i;loth, such as
is used for screen-doors. — C. C. Miller.

1 never experimented in that direction,
but I see no reason why a mesh 3sx3^
would not be safe. But of what advantage
is the larger mesh ? We know the smaller
is safe. — Eugene Secor.

1 . I have not experimented on that line,
and do not need to. 2. It may be that
^jx's would be safe, but 1 would prefer a
little smaller. The wire-cloth used for
screen doors and windows is about right. —
M. Mahin.

1. I do not know. 2. 1 should think it
would, unless it is meant that the mesh
should be full ^s ; then, and in such case, it
would be too large. If the mesh is formed
partly by the wire, so that the holes would
be some less than ^g, then it would be safe.
—J. E. Pond.

1. Queens are caged to protect them from
the attacks of bees that are likely to be
hostile to her at the start. Nothing but
fine wire-cloth is entirely safe — not less
than 12 meshes to the inch, I should con-
sider entirely safe. If the openings are too
large, the bees may pull off the legs of the
queen before they become reconciled. 3.
No. — G. W. Demaree.

1. The common size used for window-
screens will do very well. 3. Yes. — The
Editor.

itiieMlions Answeretl.

Charles W. Bolt, of Litchfield county,
Conn., sends us several questions relating
to matters of general interest to bee-keep-
ers. They are answered as follows by A. H.
Duff :

Question — How long is a bee in going a
mile ; also, how long will it take one to go
a mile, get a load from an average honey-
plant, return and unload ready to start
again ?

Answer — Bees have been known to fly at
the rate of 60 miles per hour, or a mile a
minute. But in quest of honey they do
not fly so rapidly. On an average they
may fly a mile and return with a load every
20 or 25 minutes.

QuES. — Should the brood-frames or combs
in brood-frames be kept just % of an inch
apart for comb honey ?

Ans. — Brood-frames, or frames of combs
in the brood-chamber, should be spaced 1}{
inches from center to center. Cut the
frames from aboard % of an inch thick, and
leave ;?^ space between each frame. This
will give 1J.< inches for each brood-comb ;
for surplus honey, use 3 inches.

QuES. — Is enameled or porous cloth the
best for all seasons, or is enameled-cloth
best for spring and summer ?

Ans. — Either will answer. The enameled-
cloth will last longer.

QuES. — How is it best to manage in pack-
ing for winter when the combs are full of
brood ? 1 use the Simplicity hive, and
have to take out combs and make room for
chaff cushions.

Ans. — I do not consider chaff cushions in
the Simplicity hive as any protection in
winter. It is best to use large chaff hives
and leave all the combs in, except in very
weak colonies, when chaff cushions may be
used as division-boards to contract the
space.

QuES. — What method is best, when no
extractor is used, to get the bees to take
honey from surplus combs which have but
half a pound to two or three pounds in each
frame !

Ans. — The extractor is indispensable un-
less we expose the combs to the apiary,
when the bees will clean them out. We
think it better to keep them over, and give
them next spring to colonies that need
provisions.

QuE.s. — Why is it that Rev. L. L. Lang-
stroth is poor, if he has accomplished so
much in bee-culture !

Ans. — Because other bee-keepers " stole
his thunder." Father Langstroth's inven-
tions accomplished much for bee-keepers,
but not for himself. — American Agricul-
turist.

Are you Ooing' to the Fair i If so,
will you kindly send to this office and get a
few samples of the Bee Journal, and give
them out to your friends there, and get up
a club * We will send them to you with
pleasure.

A Hong of V.ong Ago.

A song- of loni? ago ;

Sing It lightly, sing it low.

Sing it snfUy— like the lisping of the lips wc

used to know —
When our litiby laughter spilled
From the heart forever filled
With a music sweet as robin ever trilled.

Let the fragrant summer breeze.

And the leaves of locust trees.

And the apple buds and blossoms, and the

wings of honey-bees.
All palpitate with glee,
Till the happy harmony
Brings back each childish joy to you and me.

Let the eyes of fancy turn

Where the tumbled pippins burn

Like embers in the orchard's lap of touseled

grass and fern ;
And let the wayward wind,
Still singing, plod behind
The eider-press— the good, old-fashioned kind!

Blend in the song the moan

Of the dove that grieves alone.

And the wild whirr of the locust, and the

bumble's drowsj' drone :
And the low of cows that call
Through the pasture-bars, when all
The landscape fades away at evenfall.

Then, far away and clear,

Through the dusky atmosphere,

Let the wailing of the killdee be the only

sound you hear.
0, sweet and sad and low.
As the memory may know.
Is the glad, pathetic song of long ago.

—James Whitcomb Riley.

FOUL BROOD.

The Disease in Canada, and
Recent Legislation Tliereon.

Written Sor the American Bee Journal

■ BY ALLEN PRINGLE.

I feel that I ought to say something
to the readers of the American Bee
Journal on the above subject. The
fact that foul brood is making steady
and certain, if not rapid, headway
both in Europe and America, is suffi-
cient justification. Within the past
few months my own ej-es have been
opened to the extent to which the dis-
ease prevails in this Province, and to
the impending danger, unless prompt
and proper action be taken for its sup-
pression.

Those who hare looked into trans-
Atlantic bee-periodicals this season,
will have noticed the prominence of
the subject of foul brood, and the pre-
vailing alarm at its rapid spread, and
persistence against the remedial ef-
forts directed against it. In the United
States, as in Canada, the condition is
probably no better.

Owing to the fact that many bee-
keepers who are sufleringfrom the dis-
ease in their yards, very wrongly and
foolishly attempt to conceal the fact ;
and in consequence of the additional
fact that many have the disease who

598

Tmm M'mmmi^Mm mwm, jQ''^mmmi^.

are totally ignorant of its nature, and
are unaware of its presence with them,
the disease is much more prevalent
than appears to the public through the
periodicals or otherwise.

I have had abundant opportunity of
late to verity the above fact. Up to
the beginning of this year, never hav-
ing seen any foul brood, or noticed
much in the periodicals in reference
thereto, save theoretical discussion of
a something which nobody individually
appeared to be troubled with — the
quite natural impression I had was that
a few cases of foul brood existed in
Canada, here and there, but not enough
to become exercised or alarmed about.
This impression was moved somewhat
at the last annual meeting of the On-
tario Bee-Keepers' Association held at
Belleville in January last, and has
been completely annihilated since then.

At that meeting it became known
that foul brood prevailed extensively
in Western Ontario, and was rapidly
spreading. With this unpleasant fact
in view, the Association took prompt
action towards securing such legisla-
tion as would be indispensable in any
attempt at the complete suppression of
the disease in this Province. The fruit
of that initial step was that in the
space of three montlis we had secured
from the Provincial Legislature, an
" Act for the suppression of foul brood
among bees," which is probably the
most perfect, and, on the whole, the
best of its kind in the world to serve
the purpose intended.

Under its provisions it became the
duty of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation, through its Board, to ap-
point a Foul Brood Inspector, and
Sub-Inspector, whose salaries are paid
by the Government. This was promptly
done, and the inspector has been al-
most constantlj' engaged ever since in
the discharge of the duties of his posi-
tion, which I am glad to say he is
doing most efficiently and successfully.

As the inspector acts under my
direction, as President of the Society,
and as the Act requires all owners or
possessors of bees having foul brood
to give notice of the fact, subject, in
default, to the penalties which it pro-
vides, my opportunities for acquiring
information as to the extent, etc., of
foul brood in the Province have been
ample. Suffice it to say (and I think
it ought to be said) that the disease
is widespread, especially throughout
Western Ontario, and has made sad
havoc in some localities.

The inspector has reported to me
that he finds apiaries, one after another,
" fairly rotten " with the disease. No
doubt the same condition of things ex-
ists in the United States, and as this
state of things was not known here
until unearthed bv the efl'ective ma-

chinery of the law, it will probably not
be known there until brought to light
in a similar manner ; and as there is
considerable interchange of bees and
honey between the two countries, we
are concerned there the same as you
are concerned lierc. I therefore feel
free in suggesting to our brethren
across the lakes and the rivers, the
propriety — yea, urgent uecessitj- — of
getting to work in these premises, and
getting to work at once.

The time for profitless theoretical
discussion about the essential nature of
the disease, and the modus opera?idi of
this plan of drug treatment and that,
is, or ought to be, past. Like many
diseases which afflict the genus homo,
tills bee-disease may be cured by a
simple, natural process, without any
drug-medication of any kind.

While our law authorizes the de-
struction by cremation of every colony
virulently diseased, our inspector, Mr.
Wm. McEvo}% although he has had
hundreds of cases to deal with, mild
and malignant, since he commenced,
has not as yet been under the necessity
of destroying a single colony. With
the willing and intelligent co-opera-
tion of the owners he can cure all
cases. This fact speaks for itself, and
ought to command the attention of all
who unfortunately are personally con-
cerned in foul brood.

By this mail, I send to the office of
the American Bee Jocknal, a copy
of our foul brood pamphlet, recently
issued as an official " Bulletin" by the
Ontario Department of Agriculture.
This pamphlet contains our inspector's
method of treatment and cure as prac-
ticed by him. It also contains Mr. D.
A. Jones' " starvation plan," which is
the same in principle, only diftering in
detail. That the woi'st cases of foul
brood maybe cured by either of these
methods is now proved beyond a doubt.
Hence the folly of persisting in treat-
ing and experimenting with this drug
or that, bees dying and disease spread-
ing meanwhile.

I wish to draw the particular atten-
tion of the American Bee Journal to
this " Bulletin." It not only contains
the two successful plans of treatment
as practiced by Messrs. Jones and
McEvoy, but a copy of the Act under
which we are working so effectively
towards the suppression of that foul
disease wljich is the withering vampire
of bee-keeping.

This Bulletin, printed in English and
German, is now in the hands of some
seven to eight thousand Ontario bee-
keepers. I would suggest to American
bee-periodicals,to give their readers the
benefit of its contents.

Allen Pringle,
Pres. Onl. Bee-Keepers'' Association.

Selby, Ont,, Aug. 14, 1890.

HORTICULTURE .

The Relation of Bees to Horti-
culture Considered.

Read at Nebraska Horticultural Society

BY rev. EMERSON T. ABBOTT.

I congratulate the Nebraska State
Horticultural Society and the State
Bee-Keepers' Association on the har-
mony found among them, and the fra-
ternal feeling which they manifest
toward each other.

You both have cause to be proud of
the progress you have made, and of
tlie push and intelligence manifested
by your individual members. When I
heard the able essay which Prof.
Bessey read before the joint meeting
last 5'ear, and saw how much interest
he took in the work of the Horticul-
tural Society and the Bee-Keepers'
meeting, I felt that both societies had
a friend that they could not value too
highly. But I digress.

I was speaking of the harmony and
good-will which prevails between these
two societies. This stands for more
than one realizes at first thought. No
gi'eater misfortune could come to a
country than for its inhabitants to
divide themselves up into societies,
guilds, or castes, all of which are ar-
rayed against each other,and endeavor-
ing to build themselves up bj' denounc-
ing and tearing others down.

Given this condition of things, and
society instead of being one united
whole, working for the common weal
in a general way, at once becomes a
lot of petty factions who have no in
terest in the welfare of any one, or
anything, that does not belong to them
exclusively.

It is plain to be seen that this state
of things would soon pervert and over-
throw the institutions of a free govern-
ment, and lead to anarchy in its worst
form. Instead of happiness and con-
tentment, we would have on every
hand strife, contention, and disconteut.
coupled with the meanest kind of
selfishness.

This evil tendency, I am sorr}- to
say, has and is in some quarters j-et
manifesting itself among the fruit-
growers and bee-keepers of the coun-
try. Faint mutterings of a conflict of
interest have been heard all over the
land, and here and there these almost
silent complaints of conflict have waxed
louder and louder until they broke out
in open denunciation, and a bitter
warfare has been the result.

On the other hand there have been
communities and societies like your
own, who have been willing to bear
and forbear, and to labor patieuth"
and harmoniously to get at the facts
in the case. These manifestations of

THE mmMMicmn mmm jqurnkil.

599

^^^^^^^■^■'■^-^^^*^^-^*^^-^^-~-*-*

fraternal good-feeling have not been
without their influence, and it now
seems that the time is not far distant
when these two societies, like the lion
and the lamb, will lie down together
in peace ; or at least will be coijtent to
eat grass in the same pasture, or regale
themselves with sweetness from the
same flower. In confirmation of these
statements I quote an extract from the
Orange Judcl Farmer, referring to a
fraternal meeting of fruit-growers and
bee-keepers in Columbus, Ohio, not
long since :

The bee-convention was invited by the
Secretary of the Ohio State Horticultural
Society to visit the horticulturists then iu
session in the same building. The horticul-
turists were discussing the question of fruit
fertilization by insects, and the bee-men
joined heartily. It was decided that the
little, busy bee is a very useful insect to the
fruit-grower in the way of aiding nature in
the fertilization of flowers.

I will have something to say about
this further on ; but will remark here
in passing that this may not be spoken
of as an aid to nature, but a part of
nature, as I think it was so intended
in the Divine plan of things. But to
quote further :

The feeling between the fruit-growers
and the bee-keepers is becoming more
friendly every year. They are bolh be-
ginning to see the necessity of the other for
the best results in their respective lines of
labor.

Let us see if we can get at the cause
of this misunderstanding ; let us look
for a short time into the facts bearing
on the case as they are i-elated to each
party, the bees and the fruit, and see
if we can offer any suggestion to help
solve this problem more completely,
and promote further this feeling of
friendship and good-will.

IGNORANCE REGARDING THE BEE.

The cause of a large amount of this
trouble may be expressed by the word
ignorance, in the literal meaning of the
word ignorance, " not knowing." We
use the word generally in a bad sense,
meaning to cast reflections upon the
party to whom we apply it. This may
be explained as willful ignorance ; but
this is not the kind of ignorance to
which I attribute most of the trouble.
It is true there are some people who
are culpably ignorant of facts, or who
at least ignore all facts, if they are not
ignorant of them, and go on trying to
make trouble and stir up strife and
contention. But the ignorance I refer
to is that which grows out of want of
contact with the facts and their sur-
roundings. There is too much in the
world for one man to learn it all, and
there are many things that we go
through life ignorant of, simply be-
cause the occasion for investigating
them has never come up ; and then
again there are some things we do not

investigate because of the difliculties
surrounding sucli an investigation.

On the side of the bees, I confess
that this question has some difficulties
that are verj- much in the way of an
examination, and people who have no
interest iu investigating are very apt
to stand at a respectful distance and
take their knowledge at second hand.
Now second-hand knowledge is not so
apt to be accurate, and the knowledge
not being accurate, the party draws
wrong inferences, and arrives at ad-
verse conclusions ; and the beginning
of trouble is at hand.

But we will not jump at any conclu-
sions. I know a little about the bees
at first hand, and will try to tell you
what I know ; and you, gentlemen of
the Horticultural Society, know some-
thing about the fruit, so if I do not do
justice to it, j'ou can set me right on
that point.

BENEFIT OF BEES TO FRUIT.

Let us see first if the bees are any
benefit to the fruit, as a balance agaiust
any injury they may do it, if in the
end we find that they ever are an in-
jur}'. In order to discuss this part of
the question, it will be necessary for
me to go over some of the ground cov-
ered in my essay of last year before
the bee-keepers, and also discussed in
part by the able paper of Prof. Bessey
before the joint meeting.

Blossoms, by their color, odor, and
nectar, attract insects in great num-
bers, and the insects draw nourishment
from them. It is evident, then, that
the flowers are useful to the insects.
The question arises, are the insects of
any use to the flowers ?

It does not seem that the flower
would put on its gorgeous robe and
throw out its delicate perfume upon the
free air to entice the insect, and con-
tinue to secrete the precious nectar iu
its bosom to regale the appetite of the
visitor, if it were to derive no benefit
therefrom. Nature is largely con-
structed on the plan of utility, or, as
Prof. Gray has put it : ■" Where free
lunches are provided, some advantage
is generally expected from the treat."

So we are led to inquire, what ad-
vantage can the plant derive from the
visit of the insect to the flower ? At
the risk of repeating some things that
you are all familiar with, I desire to
state a few elementary facts of botany.

BOTANICAL STRDCT0KE OF FLOWERS.

First, let us see if we can learn how
a flower is made, and what oflace its
various parts are intended to perform.
Of course there is an endless variety of
flowers, varying greatl_y in color, form,
etc., but all ordinary flowers are com-
posed of about the same parts, and

these parts exist, more or less, for the
same purpose.

Take, for illustration, an ordinary
flower : It is composed of an outer
whorl of leaves, generally green, called
the " calyx." Inside of this is another
whorl of leaves, which are frequently
highly colored and very beautiful,
called the " corolla." Inside of these
vpe have another set of organs, called
" stamens." These vary greatly in
number in various flowers. On top of
them is an organ called an " anther,"
which contains a fine powder called
"pollen." This pollen carries the
male element of the flower, or the
sperm-cell.

Inside of these, in the centre of the
flower, we find another organ, or there
may be more than one, called a
•' pistil." This pistil is composed of
three parts. The upper part is called
the "stigma," the middle part the
" style," and the lower part the
" ovary."

This ovary is a hollow case, or pod,
that contains rudimentary seeds called
"ovules," in which is found at the
proper time the embryo-sac that con-
tains the germ-cell, or female element
of the flower. So that here within
these whorls of leaves the highest en-
ergies of vegetable life are concen-
trated, and the ends of that life accom-
plished.

Now, the sperm-cell, referred to
above, must be brought into imme-
diate contact with the germ-cell, or
else no fruit will ever be produced.
As I said before, the sperm-cell is
found in the pollen of the anther, and
the germ-cell in the ovary or ovules of
the pistil. Why nature is so organized
that it requires the union of these two
elements to produce growth and de-
velopment sufficient for the production
of another perfect organism, is one of
the inscrutable mysteries that will no
doubt forever remain in the mind and
heart of Him who, in the beginning,
let that be when it may, " Spake and
it was done, commanded and it stood
fast."

. The question is, how are these two
elements, or protoplasmic germs, to
be brought together. Where all of the
organs are found in one flower, as in
the one described above, with no ob-
struction between them, and they
come to perfection at the same time,
the process is a very simple one, yet
full of interest. A gentle movement
of the wind, after the anther has
ripened and gotten ready for the pro-
cess, and the potent grains of pollen,
freighted with their life-awakening
germs, come showering down upon
the receptive stigma.

Presently there is formed what is
known as the pollen-tube. This begins
to grow downward through tlie stvle

600

TMM MMMmicMH MMM j©Jsmnmi^,

in the form of a thin filament, enters
the cavity of the ovary, and finds the
oi'ifice of an ovule, and, guided by
some mysterious jet unerring power,
makes its waj- to the embrj'o-sac which
contains the bioplasmic something that
we have called the germ-cell, or female
element of life, and they immediately
form a union.

Movement, growth, and cell forma-
tion commences, for all plant substance
is onlj' a multiplication of cells, and
thus is formed the fruit and seed in
which lies beautifully folded the em-
bryo plautlet of the future tree, bush,
vine, or whatever it may be.

THE POLLINATION OF FLOWERS.

So far we have not seen any use for
the busy bee ; but some plants are so
arranged that the process of pollina-
tion is more complicated, though the
act of impregnation or fertilization is
the same after the pollen reaches the
stigma. They are so constructed that
the pollen cannot reach the stigma,
even though in the same flower.

Then again, the pollen-dust of some
flowers is so constituted as to be of no
use to the pistil of its own flower. In
a great number of flowers the stamens
and pistils are not fully developed at
the same time. Then, many plants
have two kinds of flowers — one kind
with stamens onlj', and the other with
pistils only, and sometimes these
flowers are on entirely difi'erent plants.
So that there seems to be a great many
things in the way of the plant doing
the very thing that is essential to the
fulfillment of its being, and we must
look for some other agency to bring
these two elements together, or secure
what we have called the pollination of
the flower.

But, you say, if everything is ar-
ranged in nature to be in harmony
and woi'k perfectly, why were they not
both always placed on the same plant
and in the same flower, where they
could not fail to come in contact ?
This brings us to another and very
important part of our subject. Not
only pollination is desired, but pollina-
tion in such a way as to secure cross-
fertilizntion, and thus prevent what the
stockmen call " in-and-in breeding."
Just here comes in the work of the
bees. In their visits to the flowers
they carry pollen from flower to
flower, and thus do for the plant that
which it cannot do for itself. This ex-
plains why the plant secretes the nec-
tar and throws out many other induce-
ments to insects, principally bees, to
pay it a visit.

The importance of cross-fertilization
is not to be underrated in discussing
this question of the benefit of bees to
the plant. Mr. Darwin has shown, bj'
a long series of experiments, that self-

fertilized plants, that is, fertilized by
their own pollen, are generally very
much inferior in vigor and power of
constitution to those that are cross-
fertilized. So, you see, if we are to
have healthy and fruitful plants and
trees, we must avail ourselves of the
work of the bees.

Many fruit-growers and gardeners
have been aware of these facts and
made use of them. We are informed
that the gardeners in the vicinity of
Boston keep bees that they may secure
the perfect fertilization of their fruit
and plants.

Mr. A. I. Root found a green-house
in New York where bees were kept at
work all winter to save the otherwise
laborious and expensive mode of hand-
fertilization. The experience of the
Australians with red clover, and the
fact that they imported bumble-bees
to secure its fertilization, is no doubt
familiar to you all.

Darwin long ago made mention of
the fact that the Isees were necessary
to a good crop of clover seed. He
threw out the following suggestions
why better clover seed could be secured
near a city :

The greatest enemy to the bumble-
bee is the field mouse. If the mice
are kept at bay the bumble-bee will
flourish. In cities more cats are kept
than in the country, and they are the
enemies of the mice. Some fearless
wag has suggested that a city which
contains an unusual number of maiden
ladies, who are said to favor cats, will
be still better than one without them.
The inference is, if you want to secure
plenty of red clover seed, go near a
city where there is a supei'abundance
of old maids !

Some one may ask why this mixing
up of the pollen of various plants will
not create great confusion in the veg-
etable kingdom, by the production of
hybrids, etc. It was observed by
Aristotle more than 2,000 years ago
that bees visit the flowers of the same
species as long as they can. This has
been confirmed by the observations and
writings of many in modern times.
The bees work only on one kind of a
flower at a time.

INSECT FERTILIZATION OF BLOSSOMS.

I am well aware that the wind and
other insects are a great aid to plants,
by waj' of securing cross-fertilization,
but at the same time it is quite plain
that if it were not for the honey-bee,
manj' trees and plants would bear no
fruit at all. ' Such fruits as cherries,
apples, pears, peaches, raspberries,and
strawberries, are almost entirely de-
pendent upon the bees for perfect pol-
lination. In the case of very early
cherries and apples there are no other
insects flying. When it is too cold

and stormy for the bees to get out dur-
ing the flowering of these fruits, we
always have a veiy poor crop. This
would lead one to conclude, if we had
no other evidence, that the bees have
something to do with the production
of a good crop. Therefore I think we
have established the fact that the bees
are a benefit to the fruit-grower, and
in many ways aside from the produc-
tion of honey and wax.

It is no doubt true that if more bees
were kept, there would be larger and
better crops in many an orchard and
garden. If it were not for the bee,
many a beautiful flower would fall to
the ground and perish without having
produced any fruit. In view of these
facts we may well change the language
of the poet, and make him say :

How doth the little, busy bee

Improve each shiDing: hour.
While g-athering honey every day

To fertilize each flower.

DO BEES INJURE FRDIT ?

We now come to the question of
vital import, Do bees ever itijure fruit ?

I am not ignorant of the fact that
very much has been laid to the charge
of the bees. We are sometimes told
that bees eat grapes as ravenously as
chickens eat worms, never stopping
until thej- have destroyed whole vine-
yards. We occasionally hear of them
devouring crates of peaches and vari-
ous other fruits. We have not had
any report yet as to their capacity for
eating corn and pumpkins ; and the
vines and trees after they have made
way with the fruits thereon ; but then
this is an age of discovery, and we
cannot tell what may come to light. I
am aware that bee-keepers sometimes
make claims that they cannot sub-
stantiate with the facts.

As able and reliable a writer as
Prof. Cook, says in his "Manual," that
' ' Bees never bore for nectar, but seek or
even know only of that which is fully
exposed.'''' However, he modifies this
statement by saying that Dr. C. V.
Riley feels sure that bees ai'e some-
times thus guilty.

The prevailing testimony seems to
be that as a general thing bees do not
perforate flowers, j'et a number of
scientific investigators claim that they
do, and a bee-keeper of no less repute
than Mr. A. I. Root says that he saw
the Italians bite through the spur of a
wild touch-me-not. While this is true,
J'et it remains a question whether these
openings prove to be a real injury to
the flowers, except that they enable
the insect to get the nectar of the
flower without securing its pollination,
and thus the flower proves to be sterile,
not because the bee visited it, but be-
cause it did not reach the nectar in the
way that made it do for the flower

XMi^ MBfflSRicjtr^ mmm jQwwinKj^.

601

• ~ ^ — ■* — ■

what it could not do for itself without
tho aid of the bee.

So that perhaps Prof. Cook is not
far out of the way when he says,
"That bees ever injure blossoms, and
thus eflect damage to the fruitage of
such plants as buckwheat — or to any
plants, as is sometimes claimed — is
utterly absurd, and without founda-
tion."

While we may not all indorse this
strong language, yet I think j'ou will
all agree with me in the statement
that, on the whole, the busy bee is a
great benefit to the flower, and rarely,
if ever, an injury. But the main
ground of complaint has not been that
bees injured the flowers, but the fruit
itself, especially the grape. Men have
been so certain of this that the bees
and grapes have had one or two law-
suits, but I believe that so far as heard
from the bees ai'e yet "on deck."

EXPERIMENT WITH BEES AND GRAPES.

You may not all be aware of the
fact that the government has a special
agent who is employed to make ex-
periments in apiculture in all of its
ramifications. This man. Prof. McLain,
has no " axes to grind," and so we are
more likely to get unbiased statements
from him than from any other source.
Under special instructions he has been
making extensive experiments in this
direction, and has made two or more
elaborate reports on the subject.

In one of them he says: "I have
repeated my experiments of last year
for testing the capacity of bees to in-
jure fruit." He confined two colonies
of Italian bees, two of hybrids, and
two of Syrians, in a house and endeav-
ored, by heat, etc., to bring about all
the conditions of a severe drouth. He
says :

The bees were repeatedly brought to the
stages of hunger, thirst, and starvation,
the test continuing for 40 days. I obtained
13 varieties of choice grapes, and every
inducement and opportunity was afforded
the bees to appease their hunger and thirst
by attacliing the fruit which was placed
before them. Mark this : Some of the
bunches of grapes were dipped in syrup
and hung in the hives between the combs,
some placed before the hives on plates, and
grapes were suspended in clusters from the
posts and rafters. The bees lapped and
sucked all the syrup from the skins, leaving
the berries smooth.

They daily visited the grapes in great
numbers, and took advantage of every
crack in the epidermis or opening at the
stem, appropriating to their use every drop
of juice therefrom, but they made no
attempt to grasp the cuticle with their
mandibles or claws. I removed the epider-
mis carefully from dozens of grapes of
various kinds, and placed them on plates
before the hives. The bees lapped up all
the juice on the outside of the film sur-
rounding the segments of the grape, leav-
ing this delicate film dry and shining, but
through and beyond this film they were
unable to penetrate.

I punctured the skins of grapes of all
kinds by passing needles of various sizes

through the grape, and placed these before
the bees. The needles used were in size
from a tine cambric needle to a jacking
needle. The amount of juice appropriated
was in proportion to the size of the opening
in the skins and the number of segments of
the grape broken. The same was true in
the case of grapes burst from over-ripeness.
Bees are not oidy unable to penetrate the
epidermis of grapes, but they also appear
to be unable, even when impelled by the
direst necessity, to peuetrate the film sur-
rounding the berry even after the epider-
mis is removed. Grapes so prepared, with-
out exception, lay before the hives until
dried up.

He further saj's that clusters of
sound grapes which he hung in hives
with strong colonies for 15 days, re-
mained sound and unbroken at the
end of the time. He then stopped the
entrances of hives containing strong
colonies by pushing sound grapes into
the openings, and confined the bees in
the hives in this way for days in suc-
cession, and the skin of the grapes
was not broken. He sums up his re-
port by saying :

During the last season I made many visits
to vineyards, and my observation and ex-
perience with bees iu confinement, and
those having free access to vineyards,
furnish abundant proof to convince me
that bees do not and cannot under any
circumstances injure sound fruit.

This has also been my own experi-
ence. One year I had 150 colonies of
bees, and harvested a fair crop from
two acres of grapes that grew along
by the side of my apiary, just over the
fence, and we had no trouble with the
bees whatever.

Yet I do know that there are some
seasons when it is very dry, and the
grapes are left on the vines until they
are dead ripe, for the purpose of mak-
ing wine out of them, when the bees
faii'ly swarm in the vineyard, and be-
come almost, if not entirely, a nuisance
for the time. But even then they only-
work on the grapes that burst from
over-ripeness, or that have been torn
open by birds or other insects.

But on such an occasion the grapes
are as much of an injury to the bees as
the bees are to the grapes, and it is
simply a question of previous location
as to who should move or be declared
a nuisance.

Anj' one who will examine carefully
the jaws or mandibles of a worker-
bee will see at once that they are not
made for cutting hard, tough sub-
stances, and this is one of the ver3'
best evidences that they are not in the
habit of doing it ; for in the entire
economy of nature we find all organs
adapted to the work thej' are required
to perform. It is true that a bee's
mandibles are very strong, and the)'
can press very hard with them, and
they use them constantly in molding
wax and propolis ; but they are not
sharp, are not toothed, nor made in

any way that would indicate tliey were
designed for cutting.

BEES NEVER INJDEE SOUND FRUIT.

In view of all these facts, I am
forced to take the position that bees
never injure sound fruit. However, I
am conscious that notwithstanding I,
with many others, have reached this
conclusion, yet we will continue to
hear complaint against the bees for a
long time to come, and much strife
and contention will yet arise before
this vexed question is finally settled.

This leads me to the question of a
remedy. A meeting like we had here
last year, or the one at Columbus to
which I referred, is one of the best
remedies known to me. Let those
who are interested get together and
discuss this question in a friendly way,
and then get at all of the facts in the
case, and much that now seems dan-
gerous will, in my opinion, be found
to be perfectly harmless. In a word,
my remedy is education. Knowledge
is always power, and the saying will
be especially true in this case — learn
more at first hand !

I feel that I have made a very hasty
and imperfect survey of this subject ;
it is too large to be treated fullj- in one
essay. Yet I trust I have presented
some facts, standing in the presence
of which Nature seems larger than
before ; and we find ourselves seeing
with keener eyes, harmony and order
come out of what seemed to be only
chaos, confusion, and discord. We
hear again, with new meaning, the
angels' song of "Peace on earth, good
will to men."

In a world where there is room
enough for all, all should be willing to
give all the benefit of that room. So
let us then, horticulturists and bee-
keepers, join in the poet's song of —

WELCOME TO THE HONEY-BEE.

" Come, honey-bee, with thy busy hum,

To the fragrant tufts of the wild thyme— come.

And sip the sweet dew from the cowslip's head.

From the lily's bell, and the violet's bed.

Come, honey-bee :

There is spread for thee

A rich repast in wood and field ;
And a thousand flowers
Within our bowers.

To thee their sweetest essence yield.

" Come, honey-bee. to our woodlands— come ;

There's a lesson for us in thy busy hum.

Thou hast treasure in store in the hawthorn's

wreath.
In the golden-broom, and the purple heath ;
And flowers less fair
That scent the air

Like pleasant friends, drop balm for thee ;
And thou winnest spoil
By thy daily toil,

Thou patient and thrifty and diligent bee."

Permit me to make one remark in
conclusion that does not relate exactly
to my subject, but rightly grows out of
it, I think. In religious matters I am

602

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•. — '.■-"■ — - — '■ — ^ — '■'—'■ '^hmhmtmtmhmtm^m AmA»AmAmAm»i^t^AmtmAm»m»m»^»d

inclined to be very liberal, and give
the utmost liberty to others ; yet it
seems to rue that no man can study
carefully the part the bee plays in
Nature, and kindred facts, without
being forced to the conclusion that
there is a "Power not ourselves " be-
hind Nature " which makes for right-
eousness." whether he agrees with me
and call that power God or, not. To
me all this is the manifestation of an
Infinite Father, and I would it might
be to all men.
St. Joseph, Mo.

MINNESOTA.

Tlie Poorest Season in 21 Years
— Xeclar Secretion.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY C. THEILMANN.

So far this has been the poorest sea-
son for honey that I have experienced
in 21 years of my bee-keeping. I have
as yet not one pound of surplus honey,
and only one swarm (which I hived
for an experiment), though I had a
number of swarms which I put back,
as they could not make their living
without being fed.

I had to feed all of my bees (225
colonies) up to the forepart of July,
when linden came into bloom ; they
got a little more than their living on
it, and have gained but little in stores
up to the present, but most of the
hives are full of bees and brood. They
have all the way from almost none to
15 pounds of honey in the brood-
chamber.

Buckwheat and many fall flowers
are in bloom, but there seems to be
but a slow gain of honey in the hives,
while the bees, seemingly, are hard at
work, with apparently the best of
weather for honey-secretion for the
past two weeks, in which time we had
a number of nice rains ; the ground is
now thoroughlj' soaked, and if frost
keeps oft' for three or four weeks, we
may have a honey-flow yet ; but it is
quite cool. This forenoon the ther-
mometer showed 3t)0 above zero ; yes-
terday 40^, and at noon the bees
dropped down before the hives, stif-
fened with cold, and many perished.

Almost all the bee-keepers that I
have met would gladly sacrifice their
surplus if their Ijees would only get
enough for winter stores. Last year
this county produced about 150,000
pounds of surplus honey, and this jear
I do not think that there will be 500
pounds, as I have heard of only one
man who has one case of finished
honey in the whole county !

This county has never failed hereto-
fore to yield a surplus crop ; but we

have never had such extreme weather.
The continued cold and wet weather
in June, and the high floods, followed
by the big storm which capsized the
Sea Wing, in Lake Pepin, have done
great damage to the fields and honey-
producing plants .and trees. Small
grain was badly blown down, and in
some streaks it was totally destroyed
by h.ail. Many of the honey-plants
looked as if the fire went through
them, and were crippled and stunted.
That storm, more than any one that
1 have ever noticed, .has shown the
fatality to the production of nectar.
The electricity in the atmosphere,
when exploded in connection with
heavy rain, seems to destroy the nec-
tar-giving properties, as honey-secre-
tion stopped after the storm almost
entirely for a number of days. It is
clear that the atmospheric conditions
have more to do with a honey-crop than
the flora itself.

This brings to mind another ques-
tion, namely : Do not these verj' same
conditions bring forth bark or plant
lice — and vice versa ? Or is it that
thej' bring forth lioney-dew, and the
lice follow ?

One thing is shown plainly by this
season's observation, namely : We
have not seen or heard of any honej'-
dew, nor bark or plant lice in any of
the localities where there is no honey,
or where the non-producing atmos-
pheric conditions were absent. This
clearly shows that these conditions and
real honey, honey-dew, and plant-lice
are in close proximity, which science
has not j'ct unveiled.

Theilmanton, Minn., Aug. 22, 1890.

AGE OF BEES.

How Lonji; Queens, Drones
^Vorkcr-Bees Live.

and

Written for the American Rural Home

BY G. M. DOOLITTLE.

Nothing in the bee-business has
given me more pleasure in the past
than experimenting to ascertain the
difterent ages of bees, and the difterent
oflices they perform at certain ages,
when in a normal condition.

When these conditions are not com-
plied with, the colony is thrown out of
balance, and in that unbalanced con-
dition we find that bees will feebly
perform any ofiice of the hive till they
can arrange matters normally again.
Then it is that we find very young
bees going to the fields, when they will
bring less than one-half the load that
the bee over 16 days old will carry ;
old bees will rear queens which are
not half the value of those reared by
the younger or nurse bees, and some

will even lay eggs, while this office is
usually restricted to the queen.

In these experiments, I have found
that queens reared under the most
favorable circumstances attain the
average age of four years, even under
the "forcing process" now used to
get all the bees possible in the hive at
all times, which is recommended bj-
nearly all bee-keepers of the present
day.

On one occasion I had one queen
that lived and did good work till she
was nearly six years old, laying pro-
lifically until within about three
months of the time of her supersedure ;
while several have lived to be about
five years old.

The worker-bee rarely attains to a
longer life than 45 days, during the
months of June, Jul}', August and Sep-
tember, while those hatched in Sep-
tember live until the next May and
June, if not injured by our winters,
their life being prolonged above the
45 days, just in proportion to the work
they do, or the amount of hardship
they are required to undergo. In no
instance can a worker-bee survive a
full year.

The life of the drone is about the
same as that of the worker, under fa-
vorable conditions, but a very pre-
carious life he lives ; for, if a scarcity
of honey prevails, and the bees are not
fed by the apiarist, the drones are un-
mercifully driven from the hives, or
killed by the workers. I have seen it
stated that the drones do not live one-
half the time the workers do, the proof
of which was the writer's experiments
with a nucleus colony. This individ-
ual should know that drones have the
privilege of entering, unmolested, anj-
hive that allows its own drones to re-
main, and that if they are driven from
one hive, they are allowed to enter
another which is retaining its drones,
^uch has been my experience for
years.

A nucleus having a queen just fer-
tilized has no more need of drones,
iind persecutes them until they leave ;
or if they persist in staying, kills them.
With an isolated hive, my position,
that drones live about 45 days during
the working season, can be proven.

Many seem to think that drones
never live over the winter, which is
the rule, though not always the case,
for at two diflerent times my hives
h.ave been so well supplied with honey
during the fall and winter, that the
bees did not seem to realize any need
of retrenching, so kept their drones,
which were flying every tine day dur-
ing the fall and winter, the excess of
honey causing the bees to allow them
to live as long as life held out. It was
really amusing to hear their merry
hum from many hives on warm days

Ttmm mmmmicmn mmm j&jjmnmiu.

603

during February and March. As the
pleasant days of April came on, they
gradually grew less and less, until all
were gone about the middle of that
month.

Borodino, N. Y.

iXX»«XXXTXXXXT»TX«XIITZXXXXXTXTTT1

COIVVEMTION DIRECTORY.

1890. Ttme and place of meeting.

Sept. 10.— Nebraska State, at Lincoln, Nebr.

J.N. Heater, Sec. Columbus, Nebr.

Sept. 10.— Ionia County, at Ionia, Micli.

H. Smith, Sec, Ionia. Mich.

Sept. 13.— Susquehanna Co., at Springville, Pa.

H. M. Seeley, Sec. Harford, Pa.

Oct. 8.— S. W. WiaconsUi. at Platteville, Wis.

B. Rice, Sec. Boecobel, Wis.

Oct. 15.— Central Michigan, at Lansint:, Mich.

W. A. Barnes, Sec, Lansing, Mich.

Oct. 29-31.— International American, at Keokuk, la.
C. P. Dadant. Sec, Hamilton, Ills.

more too, .So they may give me consid-
erable surplus yet, provided we get suffi-
cient rain.

The extensive beet-sugar factory within
240 rods of my ajiiary, will be in full hlast
very soon, and I fear will seriously injure
my bees, and destroy my apiary. I will
report later as to the effect that this beet-
sugar factory will have on my bees.

William Stolley.

Grand Island, Nefcr., Aug. 27, 1890,

'In order to have this table complete,

Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting.— The Editor,

International Bee-Association.

President-
Secretaby-

Hon. R. L. Taylor,. Lapeer, Mich,
C. P. Dadant Htimilton, Ills.

tVorkine on tlie Ootton Bloom.

Since July 10, bees in this locality have
done so well, I thought a notice might be
of interest to some of the many readers of
the Bee Journal. The cotton bloom seems
to be outdoing itself this year. Good colo-
nies are quite rich with a honey of light-
amber color, and a splendid flavor. I
wonder if our cotton will not rival North-
ern white clover ; If we get the usual
after crop, there will be no ground for
complaint. I will report later.

A. L. Beach.

Pineville, N. C, Aug. 19, 1890.

ITatioual Bee-Keepers' Union.

President— James Heddon . .Dowag-iae, Mich
Sec'y. and Manager— T. G, Newman, Chicago

Hearfs-Uase and <jiolden-Ro<I.

We had a fine shower of rain here last
Saturday, and my bees are booming on
heart's-ease and golden-rod. I do not see
many bees on the golden-rod until nearly
noon, but they are busy on the heart'sease
as soon as the sun begins to warm up thor-
oughly. I have secured about 35 pounds
of extracted honey up to date per colony,
and if the weather continues good for the
next two weeks, I can report better,

W. H. Martin.

Elkhorn, Nebr,, Aug, 26, 1890.

Ciatlierins: Honey Rapidly.

For the last ten days bees have been
storing honey, and finishing up sections
that were left unfinished at the close of the
linden bloom. Abundant rains of the last
few weeks have secured for us already a
fair fall crop of honey, and bees now have
their hives chock-full of honey and young
bees. I had one fine swarm come off last
week, and expect more shortly. Generally
we save a lot of empty combs to hive late
swarms on, when there is honey enough
in the fields to bring on swarming. There
will be honey enough for new swarms to
obtain enough for wintering purposes, and
to-day my 61 colonies are just humming,
as though it was during the linden bloom,
and I presume it will last all through the
month of September. J. M. Young.

Plattsmouth, Nebr., Aug. 25, 1890.

Uee-Ucepine; in Nel>ra«l<a.

Bees in central and western Nebraska
have suffered severely this summer on ac-
count of excessive drouths. This extends
some little distrance east of Columbus, be-
yond which I think that bees and crops
have suffered less, and more favorable re-
ports will be given from those sections.

Owing to melilot and alfalfa clover (of
which I have 50 acres on my own farm), I
am happy to report 600 pounds of ex-
tracted, and Aparly 100 pounds of comb
honey, and the brood-chambers full of
choice winter stores ; while other bee-
keepers report starvation and robbing. To-
day bees did not attempt to touch honey
exposed to them, because melilot and
alfalfa gave them a more palatable repast
than that. The above report is of 12 colo-
nies for extracted, and of but 3 colonies for
comb honey.

I have 12 colonies more, which have done
nothing as far as surplus is concerned, but
these weak colonies are strong now, and

Uly Experience -witli Bees.

I wintered 6 colonies of hybrid bees in
this way : I placed a large box on each
hive, allowing a space of about 5 inches,
which I packed with chaff and sawdust. I
used " Hill's device " over the brood-nest,
and then a burlap cushion filled with chaff.
All wintered well, and came out in a
healthy condition. Owing to a very wet.
cold spring, breeding was late, and then we
had very hot weather, which dried up the
nectar in the flowers. The weather is fine
now, and the bees are doing fairly well on
the autumn flowers. I had 9 colonies from
6 colonies, spring count. One colony
swarmed on June 30, and then again on
July 3 ; they returned to the hive, and
came out again on July 5 ; then another
swarm came off on July 6, and this swarm
also went back, and then came off on July
8, to stop ; and then another small swarm
later on. Is it not very unusual for one
colony to cast tour swarms in so short a
time ? I have about 30 pounds of surplus
honey, which is very small compared with
last year's work. Other bee-keepers in this
district report a poor year.

Chas. W. Dickson.
Stellarton, Nova Scotia, Aug. 25, 1890.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

CHICAGO, Auk. 2S.-Comlj honey Is held
^yery firmly this week, and the prlccsfor white
m pound sections range from lOft.lTc, and
some fancy at ISc, but the bulk of the sales
are at 17c. Demand is quite good, and more
could be sold than is coming. Extracted, 6®
8c; there are fr-jc ofl'erlngs of California at
OiSiTc. H. A. BURNETT, 161 S, Water St.

NEW YORK, Aug. 2.-,,-Ncw comb honey
is now arriving, and finds ready sale. We
quote: Fancy white 1-Ibs, in paper boxes, 16
@18c; the same glassed or uiiglassod, 1.5(ai7c;
the same, U-lbs., 14ffsl5c; otf-grades, 1-lbs., 13
@14c; 2-lb6„ ll@12e. Extracted, basswood,
('/2@«c; California, 6i^@7e; Southern, 6.5(Si70e
per gallon.

HILDKETH BKOS. & SEGELKEN,

28-30 West Broadway,

MILWAUKEE, Aug. 23.— This market now
offers good encouragement for honey. The
old stock of white comb is all gone, and new,
choice, 1-lbs. will meet a sweet reception. We
quote 1 -lb, choice white, 115® 16c; good white
1-lbs., 14(ai5c; fair white 1-lhs.. 13@14c;
choice 2-lbs,, 13®14c. Extracted in barrels,
choice white, 7@8c; in kegs and tin, 808^0.
BeeswSc, 26®30c.

A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, Aug. 22.-Reeeipts of comb
honey are light, and demand good, at 14@15e
for white 1-lbs. No 2-lbs. or dark comb in the
market. Very little demand for extracted at
present: white, 6ii<a!7c; dark, 5®6c. No bees-
wax in market,

CLEMONS, MASON & CO.,

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

CHICAGO, Aug, 21.— New honev arriving
very slowly, demand active, and all receipts
are taken promptly. We quote: White clover
1-lbs., 18@18c.: 2-lbs,, 14®15c,; dark 1-lbs
ll®12c; 2-lbs„ 9@10c, Extracted meets with
quick sale, values ranging from 6^@7V4 cts.,
depending upon quality and style of package.
Beeswax, 28®30b.

S. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, August 6.— Demand is good
for the new crop, and receipts are very light
White 1-lbs,. 1.3C.; 2-lbs., 13@14c. Dark 1-lbe
12®13c.: 2-lbs., 12c. Extracted, white, 7c.:
dark, 5@6c.

HAMBLIN & BEAESS. 514 Walnut St.

DETItOIT, Aug. 12.-Very little new comb
honey in the market, and it is selling at 14®
15c. Extracted, 7®8c. Beeswa.x, 28@27c.
M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.

DENVER, Aug. 7.— Old honev all gone. New
crop is arriving freely. Prospect good for a
fall crop. We quote: 1-lbs.. 14@16e. Extrac-
ted, 6@8c. Beeswax, 20@,25c.

J. M. CLARK COM. CO., 1517 Blake St.

BOSTON, Aug, 15.— New honev is coming in
and we are selling at 18c. Extracted, 7@8c.
Beeswax, 30c. for fancy yellow.

BLAKE & RIPLEY, "o7 Chatham Street.

CINCINNATI, Aug. 20.-Good demand for
comb and extracted honey. Arrivals are in-
suflicient for the demand. We quote best
white comb at 14@16c, Extracted at 5@8c.
Beeswax is in fair demand at 24®26c on arri-
val for good to choice yellow.

C. F. MUTH & SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

Handling: Bees.— This is the title of
a nice pamphlet containing 28 pages and a
cover, published by Chas. Dadant & Son.
It is a chapter from their book, Langstroth
Revised, and is an excellent thing for be-
have all the winter stores they need, and ' ginners. Price, 8 cts. For sale at this office.

Trial Subscribers.— In order to get
as many as possible to read the American
Bee Journal, we wUl take Trial Subscrib-
ers from the time the subscription is
received until the end of 1890 for 25 cents
each. Or for .any one sending us $1,00 for
1891, we will give the numbers for this
year /rec from the time the subscription is
received at this office— so the sooner they
subscribe the more they will get for the
money.

CInbs of 5 for f4.00 to any addresses.
Ten for $7.P0. if all are sent at one time.

604

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CL,U]SBIIVC} L,IST.

ALFRKM H. NEIVIWAIV,

BUSINESS MANAGER.
SXZZZZZZZZZXZZZZZZZZZUXTZXZZZZXZl

Uisiuess notices.

I^" Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should notify us at once.

ES" Send us one new subscription, with
§1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

1^" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

1^" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.

Jt^~ Send us two new subscriptions, with
$2.00, and we will present you with a
" Globe " Bee-Veil for your trouble. (See
the fuller notice in the advertising col-
umns.)

B^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

I^" Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

m^ Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jodb-
NAL at $1.85 for the two; or with both our
Home Journal and Bee Journal for $2.25
for all three papers.

J^" As there is another finn of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write American Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

1^" Systematic work in the Apiary wUl
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices ;

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

" 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 25

■' 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

1^^ When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

1^" A "Binder" made especially for
the American Bee Journal, and lettered
in gold, makes a very convenient way of
preserving the copies of the Bee Journal
as fast as they are received. We offer it,
postpaid, for 60 cents ; or as a premium for
two ?iew subscriptions, with $2.00. It can-
not be mailed to Canada.

We Club the Amej^an Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the LAST
column. The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book :

Price OS both. Clnh.
The American Bee Journal SI 00

and Gleanings in Bee-Culture 2 00 1 75

Bee-Keepers' Guide 150. .. 140

Bee-Keepers' Review 150 140

TheApieulturist 175 165

Bee-Keepers' Advance 150 140

Canadian Bee Journal 2 00 ... 180

The 7 above-named papers 5 25 5 00

and Langstroth Revised (Dadant) 3 00 2 75

Cook's Manual (1887 edition) 2 25.... 2 00

Quinby's New Bee-Keeping. 2 50 2 25

DooUttle on Queen-Rearing. 2 00 175

Bees and Honey (Newman).. 2 00 175

BinderforAm. Bee Journal. 160 150

Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth). 3 00. . . . 2 00
Roofs A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25.... 210

Farmer's Account Book 4 00 2 20

Western World Guide 150.... 130

Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150 140

A Tear Among the Bees 1 50 1 35

Convention Hand-Book 150. .. 130

Weekly Inter-Ocean 2 00 175

Toronto Globe (weekly) 2 00.... 170

History of National Society. 1 50 1 25

American Poultry Journal.. 2 25 150

The Lever (Temperance) 2 00 1 75

l>o not send to us for sample copies
of any other papers. Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want

CATARRH.

CATARRHAL DEAFNESS-HAY FEVER.

A New Home Treatment.

Sufferers are not generally aware that
these diseases are contagious, or that they
are due to the presence of living parasites
in the lining membrane of the nose and
eustachian tubes. Microscopic research,
however, has proved this to be a fact, and
the result of this discovery is that a simple
remedy has been formulated whereby
catarrh, catarrhal deafness and hay fever
are permanently cured in from one to three
simple applications made at home by the
patient once in two weeks.

N. B. — This treatment is not a snuff or an
ointment; both have been discarded by
reputable physicians as injurious. A
pamphlet explaining this new treatment is
sent free on receipt of stamp to pay pos-
tage, by A. H. Dixon & Son, 337 and 339
West King Street, Toronto, Canada.—
Christian Advocate.

Sufferers from Catarrhal troubles should
carefully read the above.
50E26t Iraly.

Conventioii IVotices.

diapnian Honey-Plant Seed. —

This plant has been commended by some of
the most experienced beekeepers in
America, as being "a most valuable acqui-
sition to the list of bee-forage plants." The
seed may be scattered in waste places, or
it may be sown in drills or hills like onion
seed. We can furnish the seed, post-paid,
at the following prices : Single ounce, 40
cents; 4 ounces, $1.00; 10 ounces, $2.00 ;
or one pound for $3.00.

B^" The Southwestern Wisconsin Bee-Keepers'
Society, will meet on Oct. 8, 1890, at the residence of
E. France, Platteville, Wis. B. RlCE, Sec.

^W The fall meeting of the Central Michigan
Bee-Keepers' Association, will meet in the Pioneer
Rooms, Capitol Building, LansinK, Mich., on Wed-
nesday, Oct. 15, 1890, to commence at 10 a.m.

W. A. Barnes, Sec.

t^" The Capital Bee-Keepers' Association will
meet in the Supervisors' Room of the Court House,
in Springfield. Ills., at U) o'clock, a.m., on Sept. 26,
1890, Come, and let us have a good time.

C. E. VocoM, Sec.

tt^" The Susquehan.t County Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation, will meet at Springville, Pa., on Saturday,
Sept. 13 1890, at 111 a.m. All are invited to attend.
1 would request every one in the county, who has
one or more colonies, to send me their report for
the season— number of colonies in the spring, num-
ber of increase, pounds of comb honey, of extracted
—and of beeswa.x.

H. M. Seelet, Sec, Harford, Pa.

tW The Nebraska State Bee-Keepers' Association
will meet in convention in the Bee and Honey Hall,
State Fair Grounds, at Lincoln, Nebr., on Wednes-
day evening. September 10, I8911. Mr. E. Whitcomb.
Superintendent of the Bee and Honey Department
of the State Fair, will beon hand the entire week of
the Fair. He especially desires that every bee-
keeper shall make this department his head-quart-
ers. Any honey, or appliances in its production,
sent in his care, charges paid, will be properly
placed on exhibition. J. N. Heater, Sec.

A Nice PofWet Wictionary will be
given as a premium for only one neMV
subscriber to this Journal, with $1.00. It
is a splendid little Dictionary — Just the
right size for the pocket. Every school boy
and school girl, as well as everybody else,
should own and use it. Price, S5 cents.

We club the Illustrated Home Journal
(price 50 cts. ) with the American Bee Jour-
nal for one year for only $1.35. You can-
not afford to do without either- the one as
an aid to practical bee-keeping, and the
other as an invaluable literary and home
periodical for the whole family.

^ducvtiscmcrits.

Bee-KeepiusT *<>•* Profit, by Dr.

G. L. Tinker, is a new 50-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted honey, and the construction of
the hive best adapted to it — his "Nonpareil."
The book can be had at this office for 25
cents.

Send us the Names and addresses of any
of your friends upon whom you desire to call,
to get their subscriptions, and we will imme-
diately send them each a sample copy. In
this way you can readily get them for a club.

WE have had splendid success this season.
We believe we have filled all oi-ders up to
date, and can now send CarnioIaiiA Italian
Qneenni by return mail, providing you do not
all order at once. We shall have about 100
of those Beautiful Vellow rarniolan
ttneens ready to ship during September— a
new strain of bees possessing all the desirable
points of Carniolans, with color added. Price
of all Queens. $1.00 each, by mail,

E. L. PRATT, PRATT BEE-FARM,

3Atf Marlboro, ITIast*.

Prices Reduced.

L1ELECT TESTED QUEENS, SI.;

Warran-

SE
ted Queens, 75 cents— 6 for $4.00. Make
Money Orders payable at Nicholasville, Ky.
14Etf J. T. WILSON, Little Hickman. Ky.

TMW MBdMMICJCPf MMM JOVil^JffRl,.

G05

'■■'■■***--'-^-'-

^■fc-*i*^^

HONEY BOXES

A FOLDING PAPER BOX

FOR

PROTECTING SECTIONS OF HONEY.

For Shippers and Retailers.

All boxes printed with your Business Card on

front if desired.

Samples and Prices on application.

MUNSON&CO.,

30A13t

I\'ew Haven, Conn.

SPECIAL DISCOUNT

ON HIVES.

IN order to keep our factory running during
the fall and winter months, we will make
a discount of 10 per cent, on all orders for
Hives received before Jan. 1, 1.S91, and after
that date, until March 1, we will make a dis-
count of 5 per cent, from our Catalogue
prices.

The experience of the last season should
prompt every bee-keeper to have his supply of
Hives, etc., on hand before the season com-
mences, and avoid the rush.

THOS. 0. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

HANDLING BEES

APAMPHI^ET, treating of the taming
and handling of bees. Just the thing for
beginners. It is a chapter from ** The Hive
and Honey-Bee, revised." Price, 8 cts.
Advice to beginners, Circulars, &c., free.

CHAS. DADAJS:T & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ills

Muth's Honey Extractor,

Perfection Cold-Blast Smokers,
SQUARE GLASS HONET-JARS, etc.

For Circulara, apply to

CHARI^£8 F. MTJTH A SON.

Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.. CINCINNATI. O.
P. 8.— Send lOc. for Practical HintB to Bee-Keepers.

LOOK HERE !

TESTED Italian Qneens, $1.00 each;
Untested, 75c.: 12-pound Shipping Cases
in flat, perJOO, $6.00 ; 2x9 glass for same, per
100,70c.; per 500, $3.00. Price-List free.

Address. J. M. KINZIE,

20Aly ROCHKSTER. Oaltland Co., MICH.

Square ^oney Qans

The above illustration shows the 60 pound
Sqlahe Honey Cass which are becoming
quite ]jopular for shipping extracted honey.
They are enclosed in
a solid case of wood,
and the boxes contain
either one or two Cans
as may be preferred.

We can furnish them
at the following prices,
with a l-g'-inch Screw
Cap in the corner of
each Can.

For the convenience
of digging out candied
honey, we can furnish
these Cans with an
additional four-inch Screw Cap for 5 cents
extra on each Can.

1 Single Can (boxed) * .45

5.00

40.00

.75

8.40
65.00

THOMAS G. irEVrULAN & SOS,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

13 " Cans ,
100 " "...

1 box of two Cans .

18 boxes "

100 "

Barnes' Foot-Power Machinery.

ReadwhatJ.I. PARENT.of
Charlton, N.Y., says— "We

cut with one of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter
.'jO chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
100 honey-racks, 5iH) broad
frames, 2.0(iO honey-boxes
and a frreat deal of other
work. This winter we have
double the amount of bee-
hives, etc., to make and we
expect to do It with tbis Saw.
It will do all you say itwill."
CatalORne and Price - List

Free. Address, W. F. & JOHN BARNES.

45Ctf No. 196 RnbySt.. Rockford, 111.

Mentixin the American Bee Joxtmal,

The Lever.

THE NATIONAI.

TEMFEBAITCE NEWSPAPER.

Bright! Newsy! and Enterprising!

"5rOTT SHOTJLID T^:BZJ^1D IT.

Send for Sample Copy.

To New Subscribers, Only 50c a Year.

This offer closes November 1.

Center-Lever Companv.

134 Van Buren Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

L-JAtf-^Mtf

WHEN ANSWEfllNG THIS ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAt..

FOR SALE!

An EHtabllHlicd !«iipi>Iy BualnesK.

HAS boon running since 1869. Present
owner is compelled to give it up. Stock
so reduced tliat $500 will buy what is neces-
sary to the trade. Capital required, from one
to ten thousand. Will invoice with reasonable
discount, and no charge for the business. The
shop and buildings, together with 20 acres of
land, can bo leased for a term of years. If not
sold before Sept. 1<;, will auction otf at that
date. Location convenient to both depots.

Terms Cash, or satisfactory security, on
time. Have a T-Tin Machine— capacity, 500
complete Tins in an hour: a Given Pressi horse
power. Saws, Sheeting outfit, etc., etc., and 50
colonies of Italian Bees. Will quote prices or
receive bids on whole or part, by mail.
G. in. TERRELl., Jersey vllle, lUiuoU.

(Successor to E. S. Armstrong.)
35A2t
Mention the A)nerlca7i Bee Journal.

The Honey Almanac

JU8T the thing: needed to create a demund for
HONEV at home. Bee-keepers should scatter
it freely. It shows the uses of Honev lor Medicine
Eating. Drinking, Cooking, for making Cosmetics
Vinegar, etc. : also uses of BKE8WA.X. Price, acts.;
25 copies for $1.10 ; 50 copies. fl.TO; 7.s copies. $2.30;
nxi for »2.9(». The foregoing are POSTPAID prices:
followingare prices wben sent byexpress or freight;
lori for $2.50 : oCmfor $io.(ki : i.immi for $i.^}.(iii. The
Bee-Keeper's CARD will be printed on the tlrst page
without extra cost, when 2,5 or more are ordered at
one time. Address,

THOS. G. NE^VMAN A: SON,

246 East Madison St.. - CHICAGO. ILL.

WILL BUY.

^^^^ I will close out my Apiary
of over 100 Colonies of Bees in
fine condition, at ^'S per Colony
—good Colonies, good Hives, with enough hon-
ey to winter on. Address,
34Atf J. A. KING, Iflaiikato, ITIiiiii.

$^.00

PATENTS !

PATENTS, Caveats, and Trade-MarliS pro-
cured, Kejected Applications Revived and
Prosecuted. All business before the U. S.
Patent Office promptly attended to for mod-
erate fees, and no charge made unless Patent
Is secured. Send for " INVENTOR'S GUIDE."

FRANKLIN B. HOUGH,

31Ctf WASHINGTON, D. C.

THE "REVIEW."

SOME OF TDE TOIICS IT DAS lUSCTSttl).

"The Production of Comb Honey,"

was the f^I^^'Ci;^l fr>i>ic nf the .\pril Dumber.

'•Hotu to Raise Extfaeted Honey,"
w.Te 'liscLisKpil iu the May issue.

"Comfor'ts and Conveniences foit
the A|>i;irv." wpie named and described in .Tune.

" F^om the Hive to the Honey
.Mttrket.' wa'^ the topic of the July issue.

" Marketing," Win be the Special
topic of 1I1- A iiiiusr number.

The "Revietu" is Published
monthly, at M .ts a >ear. Bend for samples
(free) and see if yon can atJord to be without it.

Address Bee-Keepei*s' Rcvietu,

w I HUTCHINSON. Ed i Proo Flint, Mich.

23Ctf Mention the American Bee Journal

BEESWAX WANTED.

Beeswax.— We wil! pay 85 cents per

pound, in Cash, tor Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
ered here.

Jt^~ To avoid mistakes, the name of the
shipper should always be on each package.

THOS. G. NEWMAN A: SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

606

TM® SMERICMN- MBM J@ia'RP«Ml«-,

Tin Pails for Honey.

THESE Pails have full covers, and are excellent
fur selling Honey in the Home Market; and
after the Honey granulates in them, it can be
shipped anywhere "with perfect safety. AH sizes
have a bail " or handle, and when empty are useful
in every household.

Hie engraving shows STRAIGHT
1 IN PAILS, of which there area sizes,
h il ling respectively 3, 5 and 10 lbs. of
Honey. Assorted Samples of the 3
I sizts will be sent bye.\pre8s for 4u cts.
In quantities, the prices are:

Per doz. Per 100
Gallon., .holds lo lbs. ...$1.H0. . . .$12 (Ml
lo Gallon, holds .5 lbs. Ion m(hi

Quart, holds 3 lbs .... 1 J" 70<>

The second engraving represents
THK TAPERING TIN PAILS-
made heavier and stronger than
those with straight sides. The
covers are deeper, and the top-
edge of the Pail is doubled over,
making it smooth and convenient
10 handle. Of the Tapering Pails
there are five sizes, viz: l-lb., 4-lb.,
7-lb.. 13-lb., and 2.vlb. Assorted

Samples of these will be shipped

by cvpress for 7.> cents. In quantities, the prices
are as follows :

To hold

''1:^131

l-lb.

Perdozen. $ .75..
Per 100, 5.00. .

4-lb8. 7-lb3.

.11.25....$ 1.50..
. 8.UJ.... 10.00.,

13-lbs. 2,Mbs.
.( 2.00....$ 3.-2r,

14.50.,

23.0' I

THOS. G. NEWMAN * SON,

246 East Madison Street. - CHICAGO, ILr,.

British. Bee Journal

AND BEE-KEEPERS' ADVISEE,

IS published every week, at 6s. 6<1. per
an num. It coutains the very best practical
Information for the apiarist. It is edited by
Thomas Wm. Cowan, F.G.S., F.K.M.S., etc., and
published by John Huckle, King's Langley,
Herts, England

Bee -Hives, Sections, &c.

On and after Feb. 1, 1890, we will sell our
No. 1 V-groove Section.s in lots of .'lOO as fol-
lows: Less than 2,000 at $.3.50 per thousand;
2,000 to .'j.OOO at *3.00 per thousand. Write
for special prices on larger quantities. No. 2
Sections $2.00 per thousand. Send for Prlce-
List for other Supplies. Address,

J. STAIIFFER A: SONS,

(Successors to B. J. Miller & Co.)
SlAtf NAPPANEE, TND.

PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION

HAS NO SAG IN BKOOD FRAMES.

THIN FLAT BOTTOM FOUNDATION

Has no Fisli-boiie iit Surplus Honey.

Being the cleanest is usually worked

yj^iLJI' the quickest of any Foundation made.

■iSsS^Ss! J. VAN DEIISEN & SONS,
ll^==*^l Sole Manufacturers.

Sprout Brook. Montgomery Co., N. Y.

lAtf

lldlldjll \|ll""llS Te'sted, $1.00 each.
Untested, 60 cts. each, or four for $2.00.
34Atf GOOD KROS., Nappanee. Ind.
Mention the American BeeJitumal.

Purely BRED — Purely

.M,\TED. Won first prem-
ium over all competitors
at Uutfalo Iiiteruutional,

September, 1889. None Better in America !

Send for Price-List. Order early.

Choicest Italian

QUEENS !

Great reduction in price. Former prices
superseded. Select tested, $1.50: Tested, 75c.
Five Apiaries to draw from. Can ship by re-
turn mail in any quantity.

Importer and Breeder,

.-J.IAtf
Mention the American Bee Joiinuil.

ELECTRICITY.HOME TREATMEBT

Af I DUVCIPIAUG AfiDCC thateveryfa.unysbouidliavean£L£0'

_ _ TUI€ BaTTEKY in their hoi

uiii Electrical current will ease the whole body, Ki^ii'^ ^'^''-'^ 3"''^^'' sleep to the

\\ uU and tired, as to the invalid suffering from blood and clironic disc ibe and

who hnd nlj^lit their wor»tt time to rest. ELtOTUIC'lTY will burely re

lieveand in thousands of cases permanentlycureany of'tho following Uititases

Paralysis, Sciatica, Nervousner;s, Neuralgia, Catarrh, Li'SS of Voice, Abtuinu

.Malaria, Dyspepsia, Liver Complaint, Cunstlpatlon, Hhenraatism, Uiseasi-s ol

tne KiilneySj Fenialy Complatiits, Keminal Wealciiess, Impotence, Va"- LOt,eIe

Hydrocele, Exliau.sted Vitality, resuitintr from iirnoranee. Overtaxation, uaUt*

ting tlie victim for work, bu.dness.or tne sKcia-land ocuer lelations

i>f mankind. The Battery ia always leadyt a-d can ba uaed at a

moment's notice.
By all means use the "WILLI.^MS' DIAL or TERFECTTON BATTERY.
The IHal Buttery ia enclosed in u. ijeuuu. uliv p'ilislied manoj-'unv tin-

isliedi»ox;,Jin.higb,8deepandS widi;. All the lute lorpartsare niekel-

itlatedand finished in the very best sryie. It gives live different cut -

rents. The strength Jsregulaied by ilie Dial; this shows t he quautiLv

or electricity you take. The Batterv c mnot get out of order, and it

IS impossible to cause injury in any way. The re;:ular pnce of tlie

Dial Battery is Twelve DoUars(*ia. 00). but to introduce it. we will,

for the next 90 diys, fill orders foi- this splendid machine at the
iv1iole»'a1o priee, *!>.4>0.
OIK I'KICI Kl'TION BATTERT.
standings irM-h.'S higb, 512 de.-p by f, 1 2
wide, is a marvel in beauty and linl&h, and
thoroughly reliab e. It gives five differ-
ent currents. Price, Five DoIlarsfSo.OO).
Our Batteries are securely b>xed and
shipped to any part of the country, on
receipt of price. We send C. O. D. on re-
ceipt of On- Dollar. Mibjeet to full examination at Fxprcos Office by y«urS
tamlly phyMlclan, if you so desire. Send money by registered letter, post offiueJ
order, or bank draft. UNITED STATES BATTERY AGENCY, j
I*t & iri* MontOffuc street, Brooklyn, N , Y 1

^"CIRCULARS, GIVING FULL INSTRUCTIONS, SENT ON APPLICATION.?

I HAVE COME

To say to the readers of the Bee Journal that you can get
Italian Bees and Q.ueens from the

RMERBOCKER BEE-FARM,

By Beturii ITIail or Express,

Each.

A''irg-in Queens $ .40...

Untested Queens 1.00 .. .

Tested Queens 1.50...

at the following prices:

Per Vi doz. Per doz.

$2.00 $ 3.50

5.00 9.00

'.00.

13.00

30Etf

One-pound of Bees, Sl.OO; 5 lbs. or moi-e, 75e per pound.
Two-frame Nucleus, 82.00. Special Rates on large orders.
Circular and Calendar free. Address.

G. H. KMCKERBOCKEK, Pine Plains, 1 Y.

WHEK Answering ruts aovehtisement. mention this journal.

CIRCULAR Saw, Iron Frame, Steel Shafts,
and Arbor's Machine-Cut Gears. Iron
Center-part in top. Send for Circular and
Price-List. J. M. I»IAHST«»N A c:o..

21C13t 7."> Li.Mio.\ Street, BOSTON, MASS.
Mention the Amcrir.rtn Bee Journal.

BEE SUPPLIES

Mention th ^ American Bee Juumui..

Xtxpixfitv Sienen-Sctfung.

(Srgon fut aUc 5mRtr iicutfijtr 5un8'-

iMtligfte imb vcicftfiattigfte

illuftvievte bieiieiiTOivtjcf)aftUd)e

l1coitatS|cl)vift. 33}itavbeitcn

-■- jcfiaft bet f)t'vuovvagcnbften

.'--' ,"\iiira-. 2*elicbtcfte unb uer=

--5 liveitctfte 'iMciicitscitimg in ganj

--" ?eiitjcl)laiib unb Ofterrcic^.

';!vei?i pro ^^a\)x ituv '/^ PoUar.

■.i^cftclUmgeii fiiib an uin'cren

inn-tretev, y^enn 2)ii(fioii§pre5

bigcr Stephen Roese in Maiden Rock
("Wisconsin) ju ridjteu. ^$vobe!)«fte um|ouft unb
frci oon beml'elbeit.

:n(_'t.f
Menliiiii t!ie Ainrriran Uccl'iunuiL

. .J. FOBNCKUOK AJ CO.,

SIANUPACTtntERS OP THK

"BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTIONS,

IXriLL furnish you, the cominK season, ONE
VV PIECK 8ECTI0NS. sand-papered on both sides
-as rheap as the cheapest, and better than the best.
13IF" Write for prices.
Waterlown. Wis.. Jan. 1. 1890. iCly

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Tarn mM.E.miQmM mmm j&ismnmi^.

611

. !=> PUBLISRKD BX„

THOS. G. NEWMAN: «i» SON, )

EDITOR.

Vol, IXVI, Sept. 13, 1890, No. 3].

The Etlitor, after awarding the Pre-
miums at the Detroit Fair and Exposition,
returned home by way of the Lakes, for the
purpose of resting, for six days, his tired
brain, and adding strength to his system.
For since his severe attack of La Orlppe,
and its legacies of disease, his usual
strength has not fully returned. He arrived
at home just as this issue of the Bee Jouk-
N.ii. was all in type with the exception of
a few inches of space on the editorial page.
In the next issue he will more fully de-
scribe the Honey Exhibit at Detroit, and
make some comments upon the manner of
arranging exhibits to be " the most attrac-
tive,'' and, at the same time, the most
beneficial to the general public by adver-
tising honey, and making known its many
uses and possibilities in nature and art.

Xlie jnicliigan State Convention

is to be held in Detroit, Mich., on Jan. 1,
1891, and it is very much desired that it
shall be a grand meeting. To that end
Prof. Cook, the President of the Associa-
tion, calls attention to the coming session
of Michigan bee-keepers in the following,
to which we invite special notice :

I wish to call attention early to the next
meeting of our Michigan State Bee-Keep-
ers' Association, which is to be held in the
city of Detroit, on Thursday, Jan. 1, 1891.
It will be remmembered what a grand
meeting the National Bee-Keepers' Society
had in Detroit. We hope that this will be
" a close second " in interest and profit. It
is held on Kew Year's day, so all may get
one-half rates on the railroads. It is hoped
and expected that there will be a large at-
tendance from Ontario, Ohio, New York,
Indiana, and other States. Let all plan in
advance to be there, prepared to take a
part. A. J. Cook, Pres.

4jiIeanin;;!S in Bee-Culture for Sept. 1
came out in a neat new dress of type, and
looks very attractive and readable. We
are glad to note this fresh evidence of in-
creasing prosperity.

Bro. Root has our thanks also for his
very kind notice of our late visit at his
establishment. We enjoyed the time there
spent very much, and hope to see it again
before another 1.5 years shall have elapsed
— for that was the time intervening since
we last called on Bro. Root, at Medina, O.

How things have changed since then !
At that time he was keeping a small jewelry
store, and had but just commenced to make
bee-supplies. Then a small store provided
the room, and a little wind-mill supplied
the necessary " power " to run a small saw,
etc. — now it requires a 150 horse-power
engine to run the establishment, which
consists of four large two-story buildings,
with another in course of erection, 37x100
feet.

Medina is to have another railroad — a
close connection for Chicago and the West.
This is being built through the " Root "
farm, and will cross the other railroad just
at the Factory.

We most full}' endorse the sentiments
expressed by Bro. Root about the " pleas-
ant and brotherly relations" between us.
Editors, like others, should be able to en-
joy a visit at rival establishments, or at
least be friendly enough to work together
for the general good of the pursuit in which
they are engaged. We never had a more
pleasant time, and we most fully endorse
the sentiment expressed by Bro. Root, that
"long after the present editors have been
gathered to their Eternal Home," the
harmonious relations may exist between
the two periodicals, andmutual "reverence
and respect" be felt by those who may
succeed us.

StriiKK'*' *or Supremacy with the
breeders of live stock, and manufacturers
of agricultural machinery, and contests for
prizes in all that pertains to agricultural
pursuits, will be the event of the season.
The Indiana State Fair has a National
reputation, and is noted for its leading
features, which will be amply sustained in
the forthcoming exhibition, commencing
Sept. 22, as set forth in the premium list,
furnished on application to the Secretary
at Indianapolis.

Several thousand dollars in increased
pi'emiums and improvements, including a
new Floral Hall, and four new horse-barns,
improved water facilities and rapid trans-
portation, give indication of the efforts of
the management to insure success.

that our genial friend, the Professor, was
elected Secretary of the "Biological Sec-
tion " of the Association. The next meet-
ing will be held in Washington, D. C, in
August, 1891.

Itro. IV. X. Ilntcliin$iOU, editor of
the Bee-Keepers' Review, will award the
Premiums in the Bee and Honey Depart-
ment at the Fair at Port Huron, Mich., on
Sept. 17, 1890. The display will no doubt
be good, the Premiums will be awarded
strictly according to merit by an efficient
judge, and on Thursday the bee-keepers
should be present to have a nice visit and
re-union.

Prof. A. J. Voolt, of Agricultural
College, Mich., has sent us a copy of the
programme at the meeting of the " Ameri
can Association for the Advancement of
Science," held at Indianapolis, Ind., on
Aug. 26, 1890. We are glad to note therein

Ut^" Dr. J. P. H. Brown, of Augusta, Ga.,
we learn with regret, has been laid up with
sciatica for some months, but is "himself
again " now. In a letter just received he
remarks thus :

I must congratulate you on the " make
up," and on the solid, substantial matter
iu the Illustrated Home Joukx.vl. You
need not be ashamed of it, for it is just the
thing for the the family fireside — a spur to
intellect, a guide to good morals, and a
teacher of refinement.

jnr. Ernest R. Root, as reported on
page 595 of the Bee Jouknal, has returned
from visiting New York and Vermont bee-
keepers, and inspecting their apiaries, the
results of which he is graphically portray-
ing in pleasant " notes on the way " in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture. We take pleas-
ure in giving a few of the " notes " on page
616, describing visits to our genial friend
and voluminous correspondent, Mr. G. M.
Doolittle, and also to Messrs. P. H. Elwood
and J. R. Tunicliff, near the same region.
Such a trip on the " wheel " cannot fail to
be enjoyed by the visited as well as by the
visitor, and will serve to unite in closer
bonds of friendship all lovers of the " little
busy bee.."

All ^Vlio Snbscribe for the Ameri-
CAX Bee Jouknal can hereafter have our
Illustrated Home Jouunal also, from the
time their subscriptions are received to
Jan. 1. 1892— both papers for only $1.35.
We can also furnish Oleanings in Bee-
Culture for a year with the above for
$3.15 for all three periodicals This is an
offer that should be accepted by all who
keep bees, and desire the regular visits of
these standard publications.

Rollie Ryan, the " beloved boy of
the household " of Mr. R. R. Ryan, of Brad-
shaw, Nebr., died after a sickness of but six
days with congestion of the bowels. Mr.
Ryan is one of our correspondents, and a
prominent apiarist in his State. We ex-
tend to the bereaved family the sincerest
sympathy of the Bee Journal and its
readers in this time of their sad affliction.

612

Tmrn MMEmiC'Mf* MMM JO^KSfMI,.

xUiicIi ot the Initii-j' done to fruit is Preparing Bees for ■%Viiiter.— In

charged ujj to the bees by those who do not his annual report ot the Colorado Experi-

take the trouble to think or reason the ment Station, Prof. C. Max Brose writes as

matter to a natural conclusion. But over- follows :

ripe fruit will crack open, bees or no bees,
and then it is useless for the market. All
that can be charged against the bees, is the
fact that when the skin of the fruit has
been punctured by birds, wasps, etc., or |
has cracked open, then the bees will carry
off the juices to their own detriment.

Almost every one has noticed that juicy
fruits, such as plums, peaches, grapes, to-
matoes, etc., will be cracked by a rain.

In the New Orleans, La., Times-Demo-
crat, a correspondent who signs himself as
" H. J.," gives the following as his opinion
concerning the cause of the cracking of
fruit ■

This cracking has been explained in va-
rious ways, but we think it is properly at-
tributed by Bossingault to osmose-
It a bladder tilled with syrup be immersed
in a vessel of water, the water will, after
awhile become sweet ; the syrup passes
through the membrane of the bladder into
the water, and correspondingly the water
passes into the interior of the bladder.

But this interchange is not an equal one ;
the lighter liquid— the water— passes in
many times more rapidly than the heavier
liquid, the syrup, passes out. The conse-
quence will be that the bladder will be dis-
tended to its utmost, and at length burst.
A ripe tomato or plum may be considered
in the condition of the bladder of syrup.
The rich juices of the fruit correspond to
the syrup, and the thin membrane which
forms the skin of the fruit represents the
bladder.

When the ripe fruit is kept constantly
wet by a rain, osmose takes place, and the
water passing through into the fruit dis-
tends the skin, which, not being very
strong, is soon ruptured. If the fruit were
to be surrounded by a liquid denser than
its juices, it would, instead of expanding
and breaking, shrink, and the skin become
shriveled,

When strawberries or blackberries are
sprinkled with sugar,a syrup Is soon formed
by some of the juice of the fruit, and this
being considerably denser than the juices
of the berries, they are soon very flabby
and shriveled.

Xlie Kaspbei-i-y, among all the trees
and shrubs which are cultivated generally
throughout the United States by fruit-
growers, is commonly conceded to possess
more value to bee-keepers than any other,
says Prof. N. W. McLain, of the Minnesota
Experiment Station. A quarter of a mile
from this Station a market-gardener has
four acres of raspberries. These bushes
continued to bloom for ten days, and dur-
ing that time, with the exception of two or
three rainy daj-s, a continuous procession
of bees could be observed going and re-
turning to and from the apiary, and a fine
showing of honey was made in the hives,
and the honey was of superior quality.

^Veak Colonies should be doubled up
until they are strong, when preparing the
bees for winter. Do not endeavor to win-
ter small colonies, as it almost invariably
results in loss.

The successful wintering of bees is of
the greatest importance to the bee-keeper.
On it, depends his success or failure for the
following summer : and, in order that every
colony may be strong in the spring, eager
to start the summer campaign of gathering
stores for themselves and their owner, the
following points are of greatest importance
to the apiarist :

The colonies should go into winter quar-
ters with plenty of young bees — at least
four frames should be well covered with
them — and 35 pounds of sealed honey.
They should be kept at an even tempera-
ture— 45 to 50 degrees — and never be un-
necessarily disturbed. The hive should be
in such a condition as to absorb all the
moisture generated by the bees during the
winter.

Before cold weather sets in, all the colo-
nies should be examined, and if either
stores or bees are lacking, they should be
supplied during warm weather. In this
region, we advise examining all the hives
by the first of September. One of the
greatest errors that the novice in bee-cul-
ture will make, is in the wintering ot weak
colonies. These should be united until
they are strong enough to well cover at
least four Langstroth frames.

The space in the hives should be closed
to at least four frames by chaff division-
boards, and enlarged as the colony gains in
strength, and needs more room. Every
night they should be fed about one-half
pint of syrup made from granulated sugar.
The bees will go to work as eagerly as if
it were In the month of June. The queen
will lay, and by the time your four or five
frames are full of brood and sugar syrup,
and the space closed down to the size of
the colony by chaff division boards, a chaff
cushion over them, they are safer to winter.

Bees in a warm climate need no protec-
tion during the winter, but where the win-
ters are severe, they must be protected
from cold and damp weather.

The chaft' hive .solves the problem of suc-
cessful wintering.

1. It keeps the air dry, and at as even a
temperature as possible, below and above
the inside body of the hive being packed
with chaff. It absorbs all the moisture gen-
erated by the bees during cold weather,
and, being also a non-conductor, it re-
sponds slowly to the sudden changes of the
weather.

3. Bees are kept undisturbed and quiet,
allowing them a chance to take a flight, so
necessary during a warm spell, without the
undue excitement caused by the carrying
from and to the cellar.

3. Being warm at all times in a chaff
hive, it will give the bees a run to all jiarts
of the interior, even duringwinter weather.

4. It is the most natural way for bees to
winter.

The Texas Slftings compliments the
bee on its good sense and business ability,
and says :

" How doth the busy little bee
Improve each shining hour ? .

It gets a hustle on itself
And works the early flower."

The bee also teaches the foolishness of
working and laying by more than is needed
for some one else to come along and make
merry over, as the man who so kindly pro-
vides them with a nice little hive takes the
lion's share of the honey. Alas ! in this
world it is often the case that the man who
lives in the nice house is working for the
benefit of the mortgagee.- £.i'cha7iyc.

Xlie Color of llie Honey produced
very often has much to do with its prompt
sale upon the market, whether it be honey
in the comb or extracted. In regard to this
subject, Annie C. Webster writes thus in
the Am.eriean CuUiimtor ;

As a rule a dry season is less favorable
to bee-keepers than a wet one ; but. on the
other hand, too wet a season is not desir-
able. In very wet seasons the plants pro-
duce honey so rapidly that it is coarse in
flavor, and the honey, when prepared for
market, is not as fine in flavor and taste.
The plants are unduly forced in their
growth by the stimulating powers of the
moisture, and their products are not as
fine and as well matured as those of slower
growth. The bees sometimes change the
color and quality of the honey, if they are
in good condition physically, but. as a rule,
the honey that is placed on the table is not
much altered from that taken directly from
the plants.

There seems to be a general prejudice
against dark honey, and it never sells until
all of the white honey is disposed of. The
clear amber probably sells better than
either one. Dark honey gathered from
buckwheat is inferior in quality, but dark
chestnut honey is of superior flavor. But
appearances go a long way towards selling
an article, and bee-keepers should remem-
ber that good dark honey will not bring its
fair price. In planting for bees, it is just
as well, then, to plant only such crops that
produce the light or amber colored honey
of commerce

Buckwheat may also be sown, but too
much of this gives a decidedly dark color
to the honey, and an inferior quality. One
should have the ambition to make the
honey product of the farm as well known
for its quality as the fruits, for in this way
a better price can in time be obtained for
it.

There are so many compounds called
" honey " in the market, that the genuine
article becomes swamped, and no fancy
price will be paid for it unless the pur-
chaser is assured that it comes from a cer-
tain apiary, noted for its fine honey-pro-
duction. A name of sending nothing but
the best of honey to market, is worth
something to the apiarist.

Bees I>ie from S»ins»nK-— That
bees are not killed by the act of stinging, is
maintained by a prominent apicultural
student and writer, who says that a bee
which stung him and lost its sting lived for
weeks— or for a ." week or two." Prof. A.
J. Cook, in the N. Y. Tribune, says that on
the contrary his students have tried this
experiment repeatedly, and have invaria-
bly come to just the opposite conclusion.
In their tests they " take several bees that
have sacrificed their stings by use, and
place them in a cage with feed. In another
cage, precisely similar, sound bees are
placed. Invariably the lacerated bees die
first, and usually very soon. We have but
to remember that the barbs on the lancets
of the sting take fast hold and pull the
sting from the bee that is brave enough to
use it. Now the injury from stinging may
be greater or less, depending upon firmness
of the hold, and we understand how the
wounded bee may live for some days ; but
when we compare them with healthy bees,
then we see a striking difference."

Tmm MTmrnmi^MM be® j©or]hsiu.

613

"■■-"■— "■^ '—■'■'

AK'alta as a Homey-PIaut is con-
sidered very fine in western portions of the
United States, wliere it is cultivated ex-
tensively as a fodder for farm stock in gen-
eral, and for honey in particular. Its his-
tory, eharacterics, and directions for plant-
ing are given in the following from one of
our agricultural exchanges :

Alfalfa has been in cultivation since very
ancient times, being introduced from west-
ern Asia into Greece about 500 years B.
C. It is of general cultivation in both
hemispheres. On the pampas of Buenos
Ayres it has escaped from cultivation, and
grows extensively in a wild state ; likewise
in parts of Mexico. Though known for a
long time in this country, it is not culti-
vated to the extent that it should be.

Alfalfa is a perennial, and especially
adapted to dry climates, withstanding
drouth better than other clovers. Tena-
cious lands that hold water are not suitable
for its culture unless well drained. A
permeable sub-soil is best, as it allows the
roots to penetrate to a great depth — 8 to
20 feet.

Before seeding, have the ground in a
thoroughly pulverized condition, and sow
early in tlie spring, so that there will be
time for the plants to become well estab-
lished before they are subjected either to
drouth or extreme cold. If seed is sown
broadcast, 20 pounds per acre will be re-
quired ; if in drills, 15 pounds will be
enough. If raising seed is the main object,
then 13 or 14 pounds to the acre will give
the best results, as the plants will be more
vigorous, and yield more seed. Drill cul-
ture gives the best results, especially if the
soil be dry or weedy. The drills may be 12
to 18 inches apart, according to the tool
used in cultivating. Seed if sown broad-
cast gives the best results it put in alone.

Alfalfa should be neither mowed nor pas-
tured until it has made considerable growth
and got well established. As a soiling
plant it has no superior, being sometimes
mowable 5 to 7 times in one season, and
yielding a large amount at each cutting of
nutritious hay, which is relished by all
kinds of stock. For hay, cut as soon as the
blossom appears, and cure so as to prevent
loss of leaves in drying. The seed is saved
from the second crop, and amounts to 10
to 14 bushels per acre. The yield per acre
of hay is from 4 to 6 tons.

The splendid qualities of the honey gath-
ered frotn alfalfa are thus commented upon
by Mr. A. I. Root, editor of Oleanings,
when giving his opinion of a sample re-
ceived from a bee-keeper residing in Broom-
field, Colo. :

The sample of alfalfa honey is not only
the finest in appearance of any honey I
ever saw in my life, but it is also equal in
flavor. It is almost if not quite as clear as
water, and yet during a hot July day it
will scarcely run. It is as clear as a crys-
tal, and exquisite in flavor. Very likely
our friend has not a ton of such honey ;
but if he has, I should think it would be a
small fortune if he could get it before the
class of people who buy gilt-edge butter,
and things of that sort. And, by the way,
we are using alfalfa honey on our table
day after day. I never ate any other honey
that suited so well, and for so great a
length of time. At present the outlook
seems to be that alfalfa honey is destined
to lead the world.

Supply Dealers who desire to handle
a good Bee-Veil, should write for our dozen
rates on the"Globe" Bee- Veils, to sell again.

M* OWM UEES.

BY STELLA A. ALLEN.

Down in the red and white clover.

Under the sassafras tree.
Stands a colony of Italians,

That my father has given to me.
They have a fairy-like palace.

Beneath those shady bowers,
And fruit of many day's labor,

The balm of a thousand flowers.

Within that royal domain.

That is seldom brought to view,
Is a form that walks amid her train

With her bands of golden hue.
Right royal are her subjects.

As willing to do or dare.
To protect themselves from danger.

And their queen of beauty rare.

And on their rustic seat I sit,

And watch their eager haste,
As they carry in sweet stores of food-

Not a moment runs to waste.
And a useful lesson, too, I learn.

As they gather in their store.
I, too, may lay up treasures.

Of wealth and wisdom's lore.

Paper-Cuttings vs. Sawdust for
Winter Packing.

Written fur the American Bee Journal

Query 728. — 1. Would there be any
objection to using paper-cuttings, such as
we find in book binderies or printing
offices, for winter packing i 2. Would it
be as desirable as sawdust t — A. R.

1. No. 3. Yes, if not better. — Dadant &
Son.

1. No. 3. I think so if well packed. — A.
J. Cook.

1. I think not. 3. I would prefer saw-
dust.—M. Mahin.

I do not know. I would try a few hives
first. — Eugene Secok.

1. Dry hard-maple leaves will beat it. 3.
I think not.— J. M. Hambaugh.

It will make good winter packing, I
should say.— James Heddon.

1. No. 2. I would prefer the cuttings to
sawdust.— J. P. H. Brown.

I doubt if you can tell any way but by
trying.— C. C. Miller.

1. I have had no experience with that
material.— R. L. Taylor.

1. No, I think not, but I consider oat-
straw chaff the best and cheapest. — Mrs. L.
Harrison.

1. I think the paper-cuttings would be
safe, but I should perfer the sawdust.— C.

H. DiBBERN.

I have had no experience in winter pack-
ing, but should think that dry sawdust
would be most desirable. — A. B. Mason.

1. It would mold. 2. Sawdust would be
much better. I have better success with
dry maple leaves.— H. D. Cutting.

1. I should think that it might do weU. I
never used any, so I could not tell how it
would compare with sawdust. — G-. M. Doo-

LITTLE.

1. I would not use the paper, it chaff or
straw could be procured. 2. I should pre-
fer the sawdust to the clippings. Bran is
good. — J. M. Shuck.

1. I have never tried it, but I am not
favorably impressed with its fitness for the
purpose of an absorbent. 1. I think not. —
G. W. Demauee.

1. I think not 3. Yes, I believe it
would be very much better, fori think saw-
dust the most undesirable packing for win-
ter I ever used. — G. L. Tinker.

1. None at all. 3. I think that it would
be more so, if finely cut and perfectly dry.
It certainly would not be so apt to collect
and retain moisture, as would sawdust.
For myself, I prefer an air-space instead of
filling. — J. E. Pond.

'EE ComEETIMS.

Xlie Soiitlitrestern ^Viscoiisin

Bee-Keepers' Association, which meets at
the residence of E. France, in Platteville,
Wis., on Oct. 8, 1890, promises to be a
very profitable gathering of the apiarists
of that progressive State. All are invited
to attend. The following subjects are
announced, and will be carefully prepared
and presented, after which interesting dis-
cussions thereon will ensue :

Implements in the Apiary, by F. L.
Snyder, of Orion.

Artificial Swarming, by E. Prance, of
Platteville.

Natural Swarming, by G. O. Miller, of
Boscobel.

Comb Foundation, by Benj. E. Rice, of
Boscobel.

Best Way for Hives to Face, by B. Bar-
tholomew, of Boscobel.

Races of Bees, by N. E. France, of Platte-
ville.

Wintering Bees In Doors or Out, by Chas.
Zelmer, of Wauzeka.

Feeding Bees, by M. M. Rice, of Boscobel.

Locating an Apiary, by Court Main, of
Boscobel.

Size of Hives, by W. H. Prideaux, of
Bloomington.

Queen-Rearing, Introducing, etc., by A.
Arms, Hurlbut's Corners.

Marketing Comb and Extracted Honey,
by H. Evins, of Wauzeka.

Help by Our Society, National, State and
Local, by N. E. France, of Platteville.

Honey-Plants— Wild or Cultivated, by J.
W. Van Allen, of Haney.

How Best to Extract, by Edwin Pike, of
Boscobel.

Robbing — Cause and Cure, by A. E.
Collie, Mt. Hope. Edwin Pike, Pres.

B. E. Rice, Sec'y.

Convention rVotices.

B^" The Southwestern Wiscon.sin Bee-Keepers'
Society, will meet on Oct. a, 1890, at the residence of
B. France. Platteville, Wis. B. KlCE, Sec.

IF" The fall meeting of the Central Michigan
Bee-Keepers" Association, will meet in the Pioneer
Rooms, Capitol Building, Lansing, Mich., on Wed-
nesday, Oct. 15, I8yi3, to commence at lO a.m.

W. A. BARNES. Sec.

SS^ The Capital Bee-Keepers' Association will
meet in the Supervisors' Boom of the Court House,
in Springfield, Ills., at 10 o'clock. a.m., on Sept. 26,
1890. Come, and let us have a good time.

C. E. vocoM, Sec.

CInlts of 5 for $4.00 to any addresses.
Ten for $7.50. if all are sent at one time.

614

Tmrn mvmmmi^Mn mmM jiQ^mmmiu.

-■■^— ^■^*^^'

QUEENS.

A Safe method of Introdtiein;
Queen. Bees.

Written for the American Bee Jmunial
BY DR. G. L. TINKER.

The traffic iu queen-bees would un-
doubtedly be greater than it is, if bee-
keepers had a perfectly safe method
of introducing. At the present time
we have in this countrj- many expert
queen-breeders who have for years
spared no end of pains and trouble to
improve their bees. The stock is the
very best of the strains of bees they
advertise, and its inti'odnction into
other apiaries is certain to be followed
by good results from new crosses, and
the infusion of new blood.

The great drawback with many' bee-
keepers from investing in the much-
coveted stock is the fear that they may
lose the queens in introducing. Many
have already ventured and lost fine
queens, and if they decide to try it
again, it is with a feeling of great un-
certainty that they may lose others, if
purchased.

Now is the best time of the season —
August and September — to introduce
queens, according to my experience,
but more care is required than during
a honey-flow. Still, I can see no rea-
son why any one cannot introduce
queens now with perfect safety, to
strong colonies. My method is this :

If I send away for a queen, I make
no preparation to introduce her until
she arrives. Then I select a strong
colony, and remove the queen and
close the hive. In from two to three
hours afterwards, the bees will miss
their queen and begin to look for her.
They become greatly agitated, and are
often in a condition to receive any
strange queen that might be given
direct. Now this is the proper time to
give the new queen, but if we are to
make a sure thing of it, she must be
caged.

The cage in which the queen is re-
ceived by mail is just as good as any —
simply let out the worker-bees with
her, and put back the wire-cloth. If
the candy in the cage is exposed, tack
a piece of wood over it, and arrange
so that the bees of the hive cannot get
at the queen except through the wire-
cloth. Then lay the cage, wire-cloth
side down, bee-space from the tops of
the brood-frames. This may require a
shallow rim and cover to fit, or if the
hive is a two-story one, the rim is put
between the two stories, and the caged
queen on the lower set of frames.

The hive is then closed, and left for
five days, at which time the bee-keeper
will open the hive, take out the caged
queen, and smoke the bees. Remove
each of the brood-combs and shake oft"
the bees so that every queen-cell can
be seen and destroyed. There will
seldom be found more than two or
three cells, and often none. The cells
are, moreover, easy to find, but where
a queen is removed from a colony, and
none were given back in her place, the
bees will build a great number of cells,
and some of them may be hard to find
— if the bee-keeper waits for nine
days, as has been recommended, in
order to make the colony absolutely
queenless by cutting out all cells be-
fore trying to introduce the new queen.
It is therefore far better to give the
new queen at once, as above advised,
after removing the old one.

There is no danger to the caged
queen if there is not a particle of food
in the cage. The bees will care for
her. I have left them thus for two and
three weeks — in fact, until the colony
had laying workers, when they would
no longer accept the queen.

The cells being all removed, the
combs are re-arranged in place, and
the queen allowed to pass down be-
tween the combs, the point at which
she went down being noted. Then
close the hive, and wait 20 minutes,
and re-open it. Remove a comb at
the point where the queen disappeared.
If she is found running about all right,
she is safely introduced. Should she
be not found on either of the two
combs at the point she entered, or on
the bottom of the hive "balled," she
is safe, for if the bees decide to "ball "
her, she is never allowed to get far
from the place she entered, and she
will there be found, or at the bottom
of the hive " balled ;" in which case,
the ball of bees is to be lifted out on
the ground — no need to be in a hurry,
as the bees will not sting the queen,
nor let her get away.

Have a smoker at hand ready to
light, smoke the ball of bees, and re-
cage the queen and leave her on the
frames for another two days, when the
hive is to be re-opened and the same
plan gone over again.

I have had to re-cage some queens
three or four times, but the bees will
finally accept them. Where I have
had this trouble it was from taking all
of the brood away, and then trying to
introduce. It is not a good way. The
bees must first be allowed to build
cells, if they will ; but they often do
not, showing the unanimous accepts
ance of the queen from the first. After
building cells, bees are satisfied to
take any queen given as above ad-
vised, and I have never yet had one
" balled " where so introduced. But

if there is any deviation from the
above plan, it will not always work as
stated, and re-oaging of the queen will
be required.

I do not know why some queens are
harder to introduce than others, but
all go in about the same when the
above plan is followed. In my new
book I recommended to let the bees
liberate the queen by eating out a plug
of candy, and this plan seems best for
the novice ; but for myself I want to
see that the queen is all right, and
trust to no chance about it whatever.

New Philadelphia, Ohio.

BEES-POULTRY.

An Entliusiastie Texasi Woman's
Experienee and Advice.

Written for the Texas Farm and Rancli

BY MRS. SALLIE E. SHERMAN.

Bees and poultry — what a theme for
the women of our vast State with its
vast resources. The possibilities are
far beyond my ken. It is thought by
some that these are too insignificant
to have more than a passing thought ;
but I beg leave to difler from all who
think so. I tell you that if these two
industries alone properly combined
were to receive thoughtful considera-
tion, there would be more attention
paid to these little side-issues, our peo-
ple would live better, and would be
more healthy and happy than at present.

If our women would take hold of
these vocations and get out of the
house into the pure air and genial sun-
shine, we would have fewer dyspeptics
and more healthy women, who would
enjoy life much better than they do at
present. Suppose you do get sun-
burnt, and a few stings occasionally,
what of that ? Do you find roses with-
out thorns ? Could we expect to get
delicious honey without getting stung
occasionally ? Or eat the nice broilers
and excellent eggs without looking
after the wants of our fowls ? Then
my advice is for the sickly " house-
plants" to engage in something that
will call them outside, into the bright
sunshine.

I know of nothing better calculated
to interest and instruct us, and at the
same time to remunerate us for the
labor bestowed, than bee-keeping and
pouUrj^-raising combined. In doing
this, I think it is better to keep only
one kind of chickens, but as many
other kinds of fowls as you like or can
care for. The utmost cleanliness is
necessary in order to keep your fowls
healthy and in good condition. It
takes but a few minutes to sweep and
clean out their house daily, when, if
put oft' longer, it is more difficult, and

XMl^ MimmMK^Wn MMM JQ'I^JRNRJL.

615

at the same time endangers the health
of your fowls.

I never saw a case of chicken chol-
era until I moved to Salado. I lost
nearly all I had for three years in suc-
cession. I inquired what the cholera
was, and invariablj' received the same
answer — "bowel-troubles." I deter-
mined to find out for myself, so I be-
gan post mortem examinations. I
found in every instance that it vvas the
g,all that was most affected. When the
chickens fell dead suddenlj', I found
that the gall had bui'st. When they
dropped around for several d.ays and
then died, the bladder containing the
gall was full of little perforations, and
the fluid would gradually ooze out.
About this time I heard of the parched
or burnt corn remedy, and also of put-
ting lime in their drinking water.
These, with cleanliness, are my sole
remedies for the much-dreaded disease.

Always in dressing a chicken I ex-
amine the gall, and if it is enlarging,
and the covering beginning to get too
thin, I put about a tea-spoonful of lime
into say one-half gallon of drinking
water for them, and feed them chai'red
corn. In fact I parch nearlj' all the
corn I feed my chickens, by putting it
in the stove in the ear while the stove
is hot immediately after cooking. This
consumes but little time, does the work
nicely, and is highly appreciated by
the fowls. In this way I keep them
healthy, and lose no more with the
cholera.

You should study well before mak-
ing }-our selection of the variety you
like best. After you have made it,
stick to it, and do not be always chang-
ing or mixing up mongrels, if you pro-
pose keeping pure stock. In making
your selection, you should study your
circumstances, surroundings, and mar-
ket, and be governed accordingly.

The sting of the bee is so peculiarly
constructed that if you pull it out, in-
stead of relieving the pain, it adds
greatly to it, for instead of pulling out
the poison, you push it into the flesh.
This is not generally known, hence the
severer pain from the sting. Scrape
the sting out immediately with a knife,
and you scrape the poison out also, and
soon forget that you have been stung.

Do not go into the business on too
large a scale at first, but let your
knowledge increase as your apiary
grows. Get some standard work on
the subject of bee-keeping, and take
at least one good bee-periodical. Study
them closely, and try to put every
good thing you see mentioned into
practical use. Do not, like a lady of
my acquaintance, wait until the bees
commence swarming, and then have to
hunt up the bee-book to see what to do
with them. Do not go into the busi-
ness unless you are determined to

make a success of it. Better never be-
gin than to make a failure.

You must have energy, pluck, pa-
tience and perseverance, if you would
make a success in bee-keeping and
poultry-raising. Get the pure Italian
bee to begin with, as I consider them
as far superior to the common little
blacks, as a Berkshire hog is to a
"razor-back." Have an observatory
hive conveuientl}' placed, so that you
can look at it at any time, and see just
what is going on inside, for this is, or
should be, the index to the apiarj'.

You cannot keep bees intelligently
without becoming enthusiastic. It
awakens a nevv field of thought never
before dreamed of. It changes the
despised weed that was once a nui-
sance and an eye-sore, into the won-
derful honey-producing plant. Take
for instance the hoar-hound, that is in
many places considered a great nui-
sance ; put the tiny flower under the
magnifj'ing glass, and look at its won-
derful structure and marvelous beauty!
From this source alone last j'ear my
bees gave me a ton of honey !

Just for a moment think how much
honey goes to waste each year in our
great State, for want of bees, intelli-
gently managed, to gather it ; and how
many poor little children there are
who never so much as get a taste of
the delicious, God-given sweet ! In
the name of humanity, come out-doors
and help me work with the bees.

I, too, used to be a dyspeptic, and
did not know for years what it was to
feel well. I have lived for months at
a time on two scant meals a day, con-
sisting of two glasses of sweet milk
and a small hoe-cake or corn-bread
with the bran in it, and that, too, when
I had plenty. Now I really believe
that I am considered the most robust
and healthy woman of our town.
Thanks to active out-door exercise, and
the constant use of honey, for my good
health, which I prize more highly than
any other earthly blessing. Again I
say, " Go thou and do likewise."

Salado, Texas.

FALL FLOWERS.

An Excursion to the ]TIissi«$si|>i>i
River Bottoms.

Written for the American BeeJowmal

BY W. J. CULLINAN.

For some time neighbor Hajck and
myself had been planning an excur-
sion to the valley which bounds the
course of the great "Father of Waters,"
to see what the prospect was for fall
honey, and also take a hand at fishing
— or, in other words, we were going to
" take a day ofl"," and just simply en-
joy ourselves.

So on the morning of Aug. 12, after
a night tilled with visions of big fisli
and boundless acres of golden bloom,
we sallied forth to carry out in fact
what we had been enjoying in imagi-
nation.

We started in at the foot of " Swal-
low Hill," and following the course of
the great river we waded waist-deep
to shoulder-deep through a perfect sea
of fall-blooming plants, consisting of
Spanish-needle, golden-rod (which is
certainly entitled to the proud distinc-
tion which will soon be accorded it),
wild honey-suckle, heart's-ease, bone-
set, and myriads of other plants of
lesser note. The wild honey-suckle
was in full bloom, heart's-ease, golden-
rod and boneset were just coming into
flower ; while Spanish-needle or core-
opsis (which stands firmly arrayed
against the whole list for honey, at
least in this section) would be bloom-
ing in about a week ; and in my hum-
ble opinion, no grander sight ever
greeted the eye of the bee-keeper, than
this great plant when in full bloom ;
thousands of acres of it, thickly
phalanxed, bares its golden bosom be-
neath an autumn sky, ladening the
air with its rich aroma, and later ful-
filling in such bountiful measure the
earlier promise of its golden bloom.

Well, after enjoying (as only bee-
keepers can) all this wealth of flower-
ing plants, and in the meantime hav-
ing meandered (almost unconsciously)
some two miles down, the valley, we
began to cast around for a certain
lake, which we were told existed
thereabouts, and, what was of more
importance to us, abounded with fish ;
soon we came upon a lake that must
be the one of which we had been told,
but so diminutive in size that we dis-
deigned to waste our precious time
angling for fish in such a stream, and
so moved on ; soon we came upon a
slough, fed from the river, and in
which my friend said that there were
some large-sized fish. Here we cast
our hooks, richly baited with worms
and frogs, but soon discovered that
nibbling was the order of the day, and
after spending about two hours at this
delightful sport, and getting many
bites (but no fish) we came to the con-
clusion that it was too cool and windy,
or else the finny inhabitants of this
stream had "caught on," and knew
how to take the bait without swallow-
ing the hook ; and wiser, but no richer,
we turned our steps towai'd home.

Mr. Hayek has concluded to move
his bees to the bottoms, and place
them right in the midst of all that
wealth of bloom ; and if his hives are
not heavily laden with the precious
nectar this fall, it will not be his fault.

His bees are mostly in Heddon hives;
and right here I wish to sooi'e another

616

T'HE MMEmiCMIf MMM J©l0MlfMlU.

point in favor of that excellent hive :
The covers being the exact size of the
boiiy of the hive, with a cleat across
each end and extending about one
inch above the surface of the same, we
took pieces of wire screen three inches
wide, and tacked one on each side of
the cover, and then reversing the
latter, tacked the projecting inch of
wire to the side of the hive, which gave
about li inches of space above the
tops of the frames in which the bees
could come up and cluster, with ample
ventilation from the sides. The en-
trances were closed by tacking a piece
of lath across the same.

A good rain fell here last night — the
first of any consequence since June 14.
It will benefit the fall bloom as well as
other fall crops.

Quincy, Ills., Aug. 21, 1890.

VISITING.

Notes of Travel Among:
Vork ISce>Keepers.

IVew

Written fur Gleanings in Bee-Culture

BY ERNEST R. ROOT.

The ride b}- boat on the beautiful
Lake Skaneateles to Borodino, to the
residence of G. M. Doolittle, was fine.
The water was so clear that, just be-
fore starting, I could see a large fish
at a depth of 12 or 15 feet oft' the dock.
As we steamed out into the lake, the
beauty of the scenei'y became more
and more manifest. The shores rise
gradually from the water's edge, and
oft' in the distance little towns are
pointed out.

"Over in that direction," said the
captain, in answer to my inquiry, " is
Borodino."

Doolittle has a beautiful location, I
thought. There are never anj- mos-
quitoes around this lake, I am told ;
and the water is so clear, and the
shores so inviting, it is a wonder that
the lake is not more visited by pleas-
ure-seekers.

In about half an hour I was landed
on the Borodino dock. As it was rather
late I put np at the hotel. The follow-
ing morning found me on the wheel
.sailing toward the home of Mr. Doo-
little, for his place is about a mile out.
I looked along the road to see if I
could pick out Mr. D's home. That
place doesn't look exactly like it.
Finally, from the top of a hill I see a
very pretty country residence. Every
thing about the place shows neatness
and taste, and tlic buildings are well
painted. I wonder if this is not the
place. As my bicycle travels noise-
lessly along, suddenly an apiary looms
uj) in the rear. Yes, there is a bee-
cave. This naisl be the place, and so

I turn in. I lean the bicycle against
an overspreading apple-tree by the
side of the house.

AT THE APIARY OP MR. DOOLITTLE.

"Is Mr. Doolittle in ?" I inquired of
a man in the barn.

" He is in the shop, and will be out
presently."

I strolled into the apiary meantime,
wondering whether my friend would
I'ccognize me. After waiting a mo-
ment, somebody steps from the shop.
He has a sandy beard, and he looks
like a portrait I have seen somewhere.

" Good morning !" I said. "This is
Mr. Doolittle, I suppose ?"

"And is this Ernest?" said he,
grasping my hand. " I had not ex-
pected to find you wearing glasses."

" I have been using them ever since
I left school, five years ago, and ought
to have begun wearing them sooner."

Together we went into the shop. I
noticed he was very careful to close
the door after him ; and the fact that
there were no robbers about was pretty
good evidence that this was his habit.

As I expected, everything was or-
derly. In one end of the shop was a
small boiler and engine ; near the cen-
ter of the room, a saw-table ; beside
the windows, a work-bench. Two
rooms were partitioned oft'. One was
a bee-proof honey-room, and the other
a general study, or sanctum, where he
can be in seclusion and write his arti-
cles for print. In the latter room he
showed me his Hammond t3pe-writer,
the machine that does the nice work
he sends out. I found it was very
simple, and easily operated. A large
telescope, mounted upon a substantial
tripod, occupied a space upon the
floor. The owner not only studies the
handiwork of God as he finds it among
the bees, but he is delighted with what
he learns and sees beyond the vale of
this world.

"Mr. Doolittle," I said, "I notice
you are interested in one of the
branches of optics. Why don't you
take up photography, and so illustrate
your articles occasionally ?"

"Well," said he, laughing, " I had
thought of that very thing, but I came
to the conclusion that Doolittle had no
time with all his other work to fuss
with it."

When it is remembered that he does
all his work in the apiaiy, wraps and
directs all his queens, answers all his
correspondence without the aid of a
stenographer, writes regularly- for .sev-
eral periodicals, makes all his supplies,
keeps up a good garden, takes care of
a horse, to say nothing of the services
he renders to his church and town, we
comprehend somewhat the force of the
remark, that " Doolittle has uo time"
for another branch of optics.

He is precise and methodical in all
his work, especially so in queen-rear-
ing ; and as it is not an easy matter to
get help possessing all these require-
ments, Doolittle prefers to do Doolit-
tle's work.

Upstairs in the shop Mr. D. has a
collection of bee-implements, old and
new. He showed me a box containing
some old-style honey-boxes, which a
few^ j'ears ago, out of the hind intentions
of a supply dealer, had been sent him
by express. The charges were $7.50.
There was no letter of explanation.
Mr. D. i^aid the charges, and the boxes
he has used for kindling-wood. At
other times hives and other implements
have been sent him, charges paid. He
had never even opened some of these
packages, as he had no use for them.
I take pains to mention this right here,
as we have been many times served in
the same way. While all this is
prompted by kind intentions, don't
send stufi" without first writing to see
whether it will be acceptable.

But, to return : Mr. Doolittle lighted
his smoker (a Bingham).

" I suppose," said he as we started,
" you don't wear a veil."

"Oh, yes, sir ! I do." It's my father
you are thinking of."

At this I pulled out my veil, for I
carry one with me everywhere, and we
together went among the bees.

We looked at the progeny of some
of his breeding queens. They were
very beautiful. The bands were of a
deep yellow, and four in number.
Although our friend made no claims as
to the fifth, the latter (or what looked
like it) showed faintl}'. The bees from
his breeding queens were as handsome
as any I ever saw. He did not claim
to have originated them, he having ob-
tained them of a bee-keeper who is
now out of the business. Mr. L. C.
Hearu obtained one of these queens of
Mr. Doolittle, and Mr. Timpe, in turn,
of Mr. Hearn.

"Now," said Mr. Doolittle, "what
next would you like most to see ?"

"Suppose we look at some of the
cells reared in upper stories. I have
mj' camera here:, and I should like to
see and show to our readers whether
you practice what jou preach."

We selected cell-building colonies
at random. In the first one we ex-
amined there were almost perfect rows
of cells built on the artificial bases.

" Hold on a minute," I said, "and I
will take a shot at it with my camera.
There, I've got it."

"Why," said he, "as quick as
that ?"

' ' As quickly as you can snap your
fingers," I replied.

So on we examined and photograph-
ed four or five other lots of cells : and

T-M® mimmmiGmm ®e® jqhsmmsli^.

617

■ ' — -■»■»— ■^■—■^■—■^■^^■^»^'^*f»

« — '~ --'-—--— -■■"■■^■""^■^^■^■^■^■^■* t»«»«^«^»<

so all through, Doolittle practices what
he preaches.

' • You have 3'our apiary in an or-
chard. I believe I like that better
than grapevines."

" I don't lilie too much shade, said
Mr. D. " I have noticed that those
cdlouies under those ver}' heavy shade
trees do not breed up as early, or do
as well as those less shaded. There
are two trees " (pointing to two very
densely foliaged apple-trees) " that I
shall have to cut out."

About this time Mrs. Doolittle de-
sired him to get some vegetables from
the garden. In the meantime I got
off upon high ground and took views
of the apiary, house, and general premi-
ses. The bee-cave had "caved" in
recently, on account of the moisture
from the bees rotting the boards. To
prevent any i-e-occurrence of such a
thing, Mr. D. proposes to use flagging
for root-boards, and then cover with
dirt as before.

At dinner we had one of those un-
conventional bee-talks, in company
with another bee-keeper whose name I
do not now recall, but who happened
to be visiting Mr. D. at the same time ;
and even after dinner there were so
many things to talk about that it was
hard to break away.

I oiled my bicycle, fastened the
camera under the seat, and was soon
on my way, spinning past the shores of
another beautiful lake, Otisco by name.
This lake, like Skaneateles, is only a
short distance from Mr. Doolittle's
home. After leaving the lake I wend-
ed my way to Marcellus. the home of
a once prominent bee-keeper. I con-
tinued on my journey, passing teams,
until I found myself back in Syracuse.
I made the distance in about three
hours. I remained in the city over
night. Next morning I was In doubt
as to whether I should take the train
or the wheel. My next run was to be
a long one, and I had thought of tak-
ing the cars to save time.

As I paid my bill at the hotel, the
clerk told me that a " strike " on the
New York Central railroad had been
inaugurated during the night, and that
it was doubtful whether any trains
would run during the day. As far as
/ was concerned, I did not care much.
As the depot was near at hand, I went
over to satisfy my curiosity. Yes, the
trains were stopped, and the agents
would sell no tickets to would-be pas-
sengers. The strikers were scattered
here and there. A company of militia
were stationed at the depot. One pas-
senger was cursing and swearing. He
had got to make an appointment, and
his auger knew no bounds."

" I wish I were fixed as you are,"
addressing me as he saw the bicycle.

I did not stop to swear and curse
with him on the event, but started
across the track, and, approaching
one whom I took to be a striker, said :

"Are you going to pull out to-
day ?"

" Guess not, sir."

" Well," said I, this train of mine
hasn't struck yet, and I think I'll pull
out ;" and with this I started toward
Starkville, thanking good fortune that
"Strikes" don't stop all the wheels of
progress, for my wheel at that very
moment was spinning along at a rapid
rate. I continued until I had gone
about 30 miles. I went a little out of
my way on account of imperfect direc-
tions as to the. road.

It being Saturday, and as I could
not reach Starkville, the home of Mr.
Elwood, without riding on Sunday, I
concluded to ride to the next station
on the Central railroad, if I could get
aboard the cars. I found that there
was a chance of getting on a train, and
fortunately was able to get to Fort
Plain toward evening. Starkville, I
was told, was about nine miles from
Fort Plain. As I saw the hills, some
of them fully a thousand feet high, my
heart sank within me.

" It is late," I said to myself, "and
to go over an unknown and lonely
road among those fearful hills is not
inviting."

I buckled up my courage and start-
ed ; and, to my surprise, in about an
hour's time I was before the door of
Mr. Elwood, the man who manages
successfully over 1,300 colonies. The
hills were not as bad as they looked,
and the road was not as lonely as it
seemed.

AT MR. p. H. ELWOOD'S HOME.

I met with a hearty welcome from
our big bee-keeper — large in several
senses of the word. It was a little
embarrassing on my part to come upon
a family I had never seen, just at sup-
per time, Saturday night ; but when I
went to the hotel at Starkville, I was
informed that Mr. Elwood had left
word that I should come straight to
his home, early or late ; and accord-
ingly I turned the wheel about, and
was soon shooting down (or, rather,
up) the road leading to the Elwoods.
Their home is situated at the base of a
range of hills (I wanted to call them
mountains) of anywhere from 500 to
1,000 feet above the valleys. To an
Ohio boy this was all new, and I feast-
ed my eyes on the scenery to my
heart's content.

The next day was Sunday. I threw
off my bicycle suit, and put on ordi-
naiy civilian's clothing. As my lug-
gage on the wheel had to be com-
pressed into a tight bundle, my cloth-
ing, I fancy, looked as if it had been

througli a — well a criniping-machine,
or something of that sort. I was glad
to go to chuicli with the family ; and it
didn't matter at all, even if their de-
nomination was different from mine.
We all love the Lord, and we differ
only in unimportant details as to be-
liefs. I enjoyed the services, and en-
joyed, also, being in a God-fearing
family for the Sabbath.

The scenery about Starkville, to an
Ohio boy, is grand. While the coun-
try is not really mountainous it is very,
very hilly. From many of the higher
summits the whole Mohawk Valley
spreads out before yon, and off in the
distance the dim outline of the Green
Mountains can be seen.

Mr. Elwood kindly offered to take
me around the country ; and accord-
ingly, the following Monday morning,
one of the bee-wagons was hitched up,
and we took a ride through the sur-
rounding country, to take in some of
the sights, and of course, in the course
of the day, visited bee-yards. After
driving to the top of one of those high
hills, aud taking a general survey of
the Mohawk Valley and adjacent coun-
try (a magnificent, view, by the way),
we visited a beautiful glen where there
were some vei-y curious rock forma-
tions— caves, waterfalls, and running
springs. My Kodak was in readiness,
and I took a number of shots {i. e.,
views). Vegetable matter that re-
mains for a few years in the water of
this glen petrifies. Among the speci-
mens we selected were almost perfect
petrified beach leaves, fragments of
moss, etc.

It was here first that I noticed what
seemed to be true of all this section of
country ; namely, that the basswoods
seemed to grow much more thriftily
than in Ohio. The leaves were enor-
mously large. One we measured was
14 inches long, nor did this seem to be
exceptional. At Mr. Doolittle's I no-
ticed that the basswoods were of larger
and better growth than with us, while
on the sidehills of Starkville they were
even more so.

We started on our journey again,
and were discussing as to whether the
large-leafed basswoods were any bet-
ter for honey than the small-leafed
trees,when we drove up to the apiary of
J. R. Tuniclift",.of Vanhornsville. Mr.
T. owns some 400 colonies in three or
four out-yards. He formerly used the
ordin,ary hanging frame ; used it faith-
fully for 50 years. Finally, in 1878,
he adopted the closed-end frame, which
he is still using. This frame, instead
of standing upon a flat tin on the bot-
tom of the hive, hangs in an ordinary
wooden rabbet by means of a project-
ing headless wire-nail jutting out from
the top-bar. In other words, it is a
hanging frame with closed-end bars.

618

T'Hl^ MMERICMEf mmM J@'^KKMI*.

In connection he uses a wooden thumb-
screw to reduce propolis accumula-
tions. Mr. Timicliff was very enthusi-
astic over this arrangement. He de-
clared it the best frame extant. As to
the thumb-screw, he owed Mr. Heddon
nothing for it, for he borrowed it of
Mr. Manum, who had used it for many
years before Mr. Heddon. He did not
consider Mr. H. the first one to use
closed-end frames in a tight-fitting
box, for he had used them both in com-
bination since 1878.

He had 400 colonies on these frames;
and to show me how nicely they
worked he handled several hives. They
certainly did work nicely, and as Mr.
T. said, he adopted them to save time
in handling. The swinging frame
took too much time in spacing and too
much time all around. He was very
enthusiastic over his hive.

BEE-ESCAPES.

AnotlierBIetliod of Getting Bees
Our of Section-Cases.

Written for f)ie American Bee Journal

BY ROBERT CARVER.

over it, so that the bees cannot get
out.)

Now jar the hive by raising either
end say one-half inch, and dropping it
down on the pieces that lie under the
hive, in quick succession for nearly
half a minute ; then raise one end of
the case so that it will stand perpen-
dicular, and quickly brush the bees
from the bottom of the case with the
bee-brush into the hive. Put the case
on the ground, or on a board, end up-
ward, take up the hive and empty the
bees close to the entrance of the hive,
so that they can go in. Place the
empty hive back on the pieces, put the
case over it, and jar as before, empty-
ing the hive each time, repeating this
five or six times when the case is empty
of bees and ready to go to the honey-
house.

I can empty a case of bees in less
than five minutes by this process. My
wife usually holds the smoker, and
throws a little smoke around the case
as I work, to keep the robbers away,
and quiet any bees that might feel
cross, and so the bees escape out of
the case into the hive.

Manton, Mich.

In nearly all branches of business,
men profit by the experience of others,
and I must say that bee-keeping is
not an exception to the rule. Having
been a reader of the American Bee
Journal, I have many times been
benefited by the timely suggestions of
those who have been longer in the
business than myself, and as even ex-
change is no robbery, why should not
I contribute also for the benefit of
others ?

Now to the question : How to remove
bees from the section-case without
smoking them out, or otherwise abus-
ing the bees, and do it quickly. Here
it is :

Place an empty hive with the cover
off, in front of the one where you wish
to remove the section-case, place it
about 3 or 4 feet away, and a little to
one side from the entrance, so the
bees from the field can enter without
being disturbed. Now place a straight
piece of wood about 2 inches square
and 2 feet long, on the ground under
each end of the hive, and (place the
cover over the hive to keep out rob-
bers) should there be any comb built
on the bottom of the case, it should be
taken ott'. (I use a long, wide chisel
for this purpose). Use a very little
smoke from the "Large Bingham
smoker" just to quiet the bees as we
work.

Now place the case over the empty
hive, so that it fits nicely. (The en-
trance to the empty hive should be
previously closed by nailing a piece

BEE-KEEPING.

A 'Woman's Opinion of Learning
the Bee-Business.

Writteii for the Farmers' Rcvleiv

BY MRS. L. C. AXTELL.

Many tons of honey go to waste
every year because of no bees to
gather it. As a rule, bees do not fly
more than a distance of three miles
around the hive. Within that radius
200 colonies may be successfully kept,
if the land produces the right kind of
flowers. White clover is the foremost
honey-plant in the United States and
Canada ; but there are many other
plants that yield a bountiful supply.
Some years those 200 colonies will
gather 15,000 pounds of honey — some
years more, but often less ; then what
enormous amounts of honey must go
to waste throughout the world.

I have seen it estimated that of two
fields of clover of equal size, side by
side, one of which you pasture with
bees, the other with cows, that the one
pastured with bees will produce a
greater weight of honey than the field
pastured by cows will have butter and
cheese, and the cows will have eaten
every blade of clover that is in the
field, while the bees onlj' fertilize the
clover and make it more productive.

As last year was a good year for
bees, many were doubtless induced to
trj' bees, a few for their own honey,
and others with intentions of going

into it as a business. But unless they
are willing to inform themselves how
to take care of bees properly, they had
better let them alone, as the money
paid out for the bees would pay them
better if invested in honey. Yet one
need not spend a great deal of time in
reading ; if only he will get a standard
book on the subject, and follow its
instructions closelj-, he will be pretty
sure to succeed, provided he does not
live too far out upon the praii'ies. I am
not quite sure that the bee-business
could be verj' suecessfull}' carried on
where farm crops make a failure, and
where white clover has not grown.

One colony is enough to begin with ;
then in all my operations I would con-
sult the book ; I would at least learn
that one book " by heart," as it were,
and as my colonies increased, and
perseverance held out, I would sub-
scribe for a bee-paper, and add other
books.

I would not advise going into the
business very steep the first year, in
order that you might try yourself a
year or two to see if you have stick-to-
it-ive-ness enough to succeed, as I
know of no occupation that has had so
many " backsliders " as the bee-busi-
ness. If one already has his hands
full of business, better let bees alone.
I have noticed this in my experience,
that a man succeeds better if his wife
is also interested, and helps him. Of
course he ought to be able to manage
one colony alone, but as his colonies
increase it is quite important that the
wife stands readj' to help, if need be.

It has always seemed to me that bee-
keeping was really woman's work.
Much of it is not heavy work, and just
suited to the weaker sex ; though, when
run on the large scale of hundreds of
colonies, it may become heavy work,
unless plenty of helpers are employed.
Indeed, we can make hard work of
anything. Much depends upon whether
we like the business or not, whether it
is hard work for us or not. Had 1 ray
choice to take sole care of 100 colonies
of bees, or do the housework for a
family of eight or ten persons, I would
unhesitatingly choose the bee-work.
Of course, I could not lift all the honey
(the hives need no lifting) ; neither
could I get my own wood or coal to
cook with, or lift the sack of flour or
heavy furniture, or carpets in house-
cleaning.

Some claim that it is hot work car-
ing for swarms in the hot sun. We
should have suitable shade to work
under, and keep all the queens' wings
clipped, but the heat of the sun is not
so hard to be borne as the heat of a
stove in cooking or washing ; and
above all, it will not do to take every-
body's advice, as almost every old
farmer who has succeeded in keeping

Ttmm mimmmicm'H mmm jqurnkiu.

619

his bi^cs alive for a term of years, is
sure he knows all about bees. You
cannot convince him that the queen is
not a " king ;" he " has seen him lots
of times," and the beeswax is gathered
by the bees upon their legs in little
yellow pellets ! He " has seen it, and
he knows it is so."

One is apt to succeed if he be wholly
dependent upon bee-books for ayearor
more, or until experience helps him
out ; but better still, if one is so sit-
uated that he can spend a season with
an experienced bee-keeper, or can
even have the opportunity of occa-
sionally helping those who have had
experience.

Roseville, Ills.

BEE-CAVES.

Tlieir Construction and Use for
Wintering Bees.

Written for the Iowa Homestead

BV W. M. BOMBERGER.

For high locations and a well-drain-
ed porous subsoil, where the entire
cavity can be under ground, the fol-
lowing makes an inexpensive cave,
and especially desirable where rock is
scarce and brick and mortar expensive.
I here give a description of a cave I
dug eight years ago. It has cost me
$1.50 per year to keep it up, not count-
ing the labor. It was dug for winter-
ing bees. The temperature ranges
from 36^ to 44°, Fahr. In winter it
averages 38^ — a little too cool for bees,
but I lost but one colony in the last
four seasons.

This cave is 6x12 feet. It was origi-
nally 6 feet deep. The roof is flat in-
stead of the usual pitch. It was made
by cutting a 16-foot plank 2 inches
thick in two, laying them flat over the
hole, the ends extending one foot over
the edge on both sides. While dig-
ging it out, these pieces of plank can
be laid behind the digger, and the dirt
thrown back, saving throwing it out
and then back again. Then more
plank can be laid and more dirt thrown
back until the dirt is all thrown out,
and lastly throwing the dirt of the en-
trance back.

Place the entrance at the cornei-,and
parallel with the length of the cave,
either east or south, so you can get
lumber into it to renew the roof.
When the cave is first dug, put a 12-
foot (2-inch) plank across the middle
of the roof on the inside, and set sev-
eral good posts under it to receive the
weight in the centre.

Now, in two years, when the plank
overhead rots so as to show signs of
giving away, I renew the roof from the
inside with plank, placing them the

other way. When they rot out renew
again. A flat-roofed cave can easily
be renewed in this way from the inside.
A cone roof cannot, and is a nuisance
for that reason. Do not trust this
wcu'k to careless boys or hands, as the)'
might kill themselves.

When you renew the roof, use plenty
of posts near the entrance and over
where you are working to prevent any
accident. If the planks used were
soaked well in lime-water, or in some
preparation to preserve them, the )-oof
would not have to be renewed so often.
Each time I renew, I dig a few inches
deeper. The cave is some 7 feet under
ground now.

Harlan, Iowa.

WINTERING.

Preparing tlie Bees for Winter,
and tlie Result.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BV J. A. KING.

I have had a little experience in out-
door wintering of bees which may be
of use to some one who has not a good
cellar at hand.

A year ago last winter I placed 7
colonies in a row on the south side of
the house, thus protecting them from
the north wind ; I placed a bank of
coarse horse-manure along the backs
of the hives, and stuSed some of the
same in between them. This com-
pleted the outside fixing for the win-
ter. The hive-entrances were left
open the same as in summer — not even
a board was set up on edge in front of
the hives.

The reader should know something
of the hive in order to understand the
situation. It is 24 inches long by lOi
inches deep, 13 inches wide below the
rabbets. The 9 brood-frames in the
centre take seven-twelfths of its length,
leaving a space at each end. These
ends give the best possible means for
winter packing, either with dry leaves,
chalf, or a thick division-board filled
with chafi". Sacks of chaft" filled the
second story. These can be changed
during the winter, if need be.

On March 21, 1889, a little pollen was
brought in bj' every one of the 7 colo-
nies, with two others from the cellar.
Befoi-e the weather changed (on March
25) they all had a good flight, bring-
ing in pollen. Those two from the
cellar hardly, I thought, withstood the
rigors of spring as well as those win-
tered out-doors.

Here let me skip to July 4. Two
swarms from those wintered outside
were put together. There was no
choice among the hives, nearly all be-
ing in use. One with old sides, double-
walled, 2J inches between the walls.

liiit never packed, was used to hive
this double swarm. They quarreled a
little at first, but soon settled down to
work. Ninety sections, six of which
weighed, when well finished, 7 pounds,
were put on at once. The result of
the year's work was 140 pounds of
comb honey — at least 40 pounds more
than I got from any other colony.

The strength of the colony kept up
apparently undiminished until they
were placed in winter quarters, with
18 others, out-of-doors. These were
arranged the same as the seven the
winter before, only that a board was
set up on edge over the entrance to
keep out the wind and snow. The re-
sult was that one colony starved ; the
extractor did it. One more also
starved, just as any novice might have
known ; they were clustered on empty
combs in the second story. I should
have taken out at least three central
combs below, and replaced them with
empty combs from above, but I did
not, and the bead bees soon filled up
the passage-ways below, and starvation
followed.

Of the 17 colonies none were dead,
but two were queenless and worthless.
One of the remaining 15 the eye sus-
picioned as queenless. On examina-
tion, a queen-cell just readj' to hatch
out was found. Destroying this cell
at once, I went to a weak colonj-, found
the queen, carried the frame with her
upon it, and saw her run in at the en-
trance of the hive desired, in safety.
At such a time it would have been
fatal for a colony to remain queenless
for many days.

I wish to " drive a nail" right here :
These 9 frames, equivalent to 7i
Langstroth frames, have served these
colonies thi'ough the surplus season.
They have wintered on them, not one
ounce of feed having been given them.
Thej' are just booming, and had young
bees and brood the first of May. The
15 have done better than the general
average of those kept in the cellar ; of
the latter, only about 65 out of 200
put into the cellar were of any account.
Some of them are extra good, but vary
in strength to "no good."

I am now about 74 years of age, and
from boyhood have worked in wood,
in the cabinet and piano shop. For
the last 15 j-ears I have been studying
how to m.ake the best bee-hive. I have
some now on hand that, with the addi-
tion of a little work by the pain ter, I
believe would be worthy a place in the
Columbian Exhibition of 1893.

Blue Earth Co., Minn., Aug.26,1890.

Ar*" you Cioing to the Fair ! If so,
will you" kindly send to this ofHce and get a
few samples of the Bee Jouknal, and give
them out to j'our friends there, and get up
a club ? We will send them to you with
pleasure.

620

'rmm MMM'KicaK mmm j©'Wki«mi^.

CONTENTIOIV DIRECTORY.

1890. Time and place of meeting.

Sept. 13.— Susquehanna Co., at Springville, Pa.

H. M. Seeley, Sec. Harford, Pa.

Sept. 26.— Capital, at Sprinsfleld, Ills.

C. E. Yocom, Sec. Sherman, 111.

Oct. 8.— S. W. Wisconsin, at Platteville, Wis.

B. Rice, Sec, Boscobel, Wis.

Oct. 15.— Central Michigan, at Lansing, Mich.

W. A. Barnes, Sec, Lansing, Mich.

Oct. 29-31.— International American, at Keokuk, la.
C. P. Dadant, Sec, Hamilton, Ills.

Oct.— Missouri State, at Mexico, Mo.

J. W. Rouse. Sec. Santa Fe. Mo.

B^" In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting.— The Editor.

International Bee-Association.

President— Hon. R. L. Taylor.. Lapeer, Mich.
Secretary— C. P. Dadant Hamilton, Ills.

National Bee-Keepers' Union.

President— James Heddon ..Dowagiac, Mich
Sec'y. and Manager— T. G. Newman, Chicago

s£B^4^Mma.

lar to the statement in the above quotation,
but it is not, or cannot be, enforced — it is,
and has been a "dead letter." Bee-keep-
ers, at the time this law was passed, at-
tempted to organize a system of the kind
before stated, and did have some bee-in-
spectors appointed, which proved very un-
satisfactory, as some were incompetent,
and those that were claim to have received
no pay for services rendered. The chief
inspector, who is an aged man now, said to
me, " Young man, I spent a great deal of
my time as inspector, and I have not had
one cent for it !"

This statement is made to correct any
erroneous idea that may be started in re-
gard to the industry in this section, be-
cause, as will be seen, the statement of Mr.
Muth is unintentionally misleading. We
expect to accomplish in the near future the
condition of things as stated in the clipping
referred to— it is uphill work though, but
with an organization, and a little energy,
we hope to overcome the few technicalities
in our way, and ultimately meet with suc-
cess. Jxo. C. Swanek.

Salt Lake City, Utah.

I have noticed several articles in the bee-
papers and the New York World on hunt-
ing bees. I can beat all such hunting,
having hunted bees since 1845, more or
less. I hear of about 50 runaway swarms
that have come in our direction this season,
which I hope to have time to look after
next month. One came over my fields
going northwest, up 20 feet ; the boys and
I gave chase to the woods, but they left us
far in the rear. We had a severe frost on
Aug. 22, that "scooped" everything in
some places. I have escaped so far.

E. G. Slatton.

Chetek, Wis., Aug. 24, 1890.

5^<^_^i

fs^*

Honey from Ileart's-Fase.

This has been a very poor season for bees
— no surplus nor swarms, except some that
swarmed for want of stores. But heart's-
ease has begun to yield honey now, and the
bees are beginning to build comb, and will
probably get enough honey to last until
fruit-bloom. This is my fifth year with
bees, and I have never known heart's-ease
to fail to give sufficient honey to winter the
bees safely. I consider it very good winter
food, if properly ripened and sealed. There
is some golden-rod here, but the bees rarely
notice it. I suppose most of the readers of
the Bee Journal are aware that the Illi-
nois State Fair will be held at Peoria, Ills.,
from Sept. 39 to Oct. 3. Let us all go and
make a good exhibit, even if it has been a
poor season. S. F. Tkego.

Swedona, Ills., Sept. 1, 1890.

Liis:ht Honey Crop, etc.

The honey crop with us is light, and pros-
pects poor for any to be gathered this fall,
as the drouth has been so severe. There
will be but little, if any, surplus. The bee-
keepers must make a grand display at the
Columbian Exposition, in 1893.

Arthur Evans.

Saybrook, Ills., Sept. 3, 1890.

Poor Season tor Bees.

This has been a poor season with the
bees in this part of the country, caused by
a mild winter, a cold, wet spring, and a
dry summer. My average per colony,
spring count, so far is 3 pounds !

C. A. Bunch.

Nye, Ind., Aug. 29, 1890.

Horses Stuns: l>y Bees.

Yesterday, Mr. Henry Lee, a farmer, had
four horses hitched to a road-scraper, work-
ing on the road, and as he was going by
Mr. Hastings', something was wrong with
the machine, and they stopped to fix it,
when Mr. Hastings' bees attacked the
horses and stung them so that two died
right there, and the othertwo cannot stand
up this morning. The two that died were
worth .?300. Mr. Lee's son was badly hurt
in trying to unhitch the horses. Yesterday
was a lowery day— it rained a fine mist the
most of the day. The accident happened
in the town of Mayfield, Lapeer county,
Mich., 2J-.< miles from this place.

Chas. E. Gushing.

Lapeer, Mich., Aug. 32, 1890.

[While such accidents as the above are to
be regretted very much, indeed, they
should serve to warn people not to allow
sweaty horses to stand near the hives of
bees. The bees are frequently unjustly
blamed for unfortunate occurrences which
result from carelessness or ignorance on
the part of drivers of horses. Bee-keepers
should take pains to inform those around
them of the danger there is in tying or
stopping horses very close to bee-hives, and
thus avoid the recurrence of such sad and
disastrous accidents as the one recorded in
Mr. Cushing's letter. — Ed.]

Ceutle Italian Bees, etc.

I have Italian bees, and would have no
other in my yard. They are pleasant with
children, and will not sting much, even if
you sit on their hives, when you cannot
come within 10 feet of the black bees. The
golden-rod and aster are in full bloom, and
the bees are booming on them.

Jacob Shaffer.

South Park, Ky., Aug. 30, 1890.

Foul Brood Inspectors in Utali.

On page 587 is a short paragraph taken
originally from Chas. F. Muth's article on
foul brood, wherein is stated that " Utah
has a bee inspector in every county, and a
' State ' officer drawing pay from the Ter-
ritory." Bee keepers here would be very
happy if such were the case, providing such
men were competent ; but such is not the
case. I have kept and handled bees for six
years, and in that time I have not met with
an inspector in the discharge of his duties,
and if there is an oflteer paid by the Terri-
toi-y for the purpose named, we cannot
learn his name.

The facts that give coloring to the state-
ment of Mr. Muth, is that there has been a
law on the statute books, a great deal simi

Winterins: and Hunting; Bees.

There was one "pointer" that I omitted
in my letter on wintering bees, on page
357. I bore a %-inch hole in each end of
the hive half way up, and cover it with
wire-cloth, driving a small tack in each
corner, which gives them air, as the en-
trance low down becomes clogged %vith
dead bees, and the live ones smother. I
have lost several fine colonies in that way.
I intend to improve by putting holes in the
same manner on the sides high up, this
fall ; it requires but little expense and
short time. The hole in front I leave open
in summer.

We had a great profusion of basswood
blossoms in July. My bees have not stored
surplus comb honey as last season, but the
hives are heavy, and the bees will be in
good condition for winter. There are only
four hives that they have filled the 28 one-
pound sections.

One ot tlie Vervains— Broutli.

I send you a plant that I would like to
know the name of. It has been the plant
that has kept our bees alive during the
late drouth. We have had some fine
showers the past week ; the drouth is
broken now, and we may yet get enough
honey to winter our bees. There is little
or no surplus. S. H. Clark.

Elwood, Iowa, Aug. 31, 1890.

[It is Verbena hastata, one of the very
numerous vervains. It has long been
recognized as a good producer of honey. —
Ed.]

Rocky-SIountain Bee-Plant.

I send a sample of a plant that grows
wild here. In most places it blooms about
the first of August, and grows very rank.
The bees work on it all day. I wish you
would tell what it is, and if it bears honey.
This has been a very poor year for honey
here — no surplus yet worth noting.

W. H. COGIL.

Central City, Nebr., Aug. 23, 1890.

[It is the "Rocky-Mountain bee-plant"
(Cleome IntecjrifoUa) . This is a beautiful
plant, and is said to furnish large quantities
of excellent honey. It gi-ows naturally in
the Rocky Mountains, and in Colorado. —
Ed.]

Trial Subscribers.— In order to get

as many as possible to read the American
Bee Journal, we will take Trial Subscrib-
ers from the time the subscription is
received until the end of 1890 for 25 cents
each. Or for any one sending us SI. 00 for
1891, we will give the numbers for this
year free from the time the subscription is
received at this office— so the sooner they
subscribe the more they will get for the
I money.

Tmm mjmmmiG'MM mmm jQ>ismnR.i^.

621

BUSINESS MANAGER.
(ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZU

Mxxsintss 31oticcs.

' Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should notify us at ouce.

Kg" Send us one new subscription, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

I^^ Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

It^" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 1 6 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 35 cents per ounce, by express.

It^" Send us two new subscriptions, with
$2.00, and we will present you with a
" Globe " Bee-Veil for your trouble. (See
the fuller notice in the advertising col-
umns.)

B^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

|t^~ Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

B^" Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jour-
nal at $1.85 for the two: or with both our
Home Journal and Bee Joukxai, for $2.25
for all three papers.

It^~ As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write American Bee
Journal on the comer of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

IW Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

■• 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 23

•• 200 colonies (-120 pages) 1 50

|E^~ When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book
by maU, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

J^" A "Binder" made especially for
the American Bee Journal, and lettered
in gold, makes 'a very convenient way of
preserving the copies of the Bee Journal
as fast as they are received. We offer it,
postpaid, for 60 cents ; or as a premium for
(too neto subscriptions, with $2.00. It can-
not be mailed to Canada.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

CHICAGO, Auf.'. 28.-Corab honc.v is held
very firmly this week, uud the prices for white
in pound sections niuge from 16(» 17c, and
some fancy at ISc, but the bulk of the sales
are at 17c. Demand is quite good, and more
could be sold than is coming. Extracted, GiSi
8c: there are free offerings of California at
6@7c. K. A. BURNETT, 161 S. Water St.

NEW YORK, Aug. 23.— New comb honey
is now arriving, and finds ready sale. Wo
quote: Fancy white 1-lbs. in paper boxes, 10
©ilSe; the same glassed or unglassed, 15@17c:
the same, 2-lbs., 14C"15c: off-grades, l-lbs., 1.3
@14c; 2-lbs., llffiilic. Extracted, basswood,
7'/2iS>8c; California. 0'/2@7c; Southern, 65(a70c
per gallon.

HILDHETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,

28-30 West Broadway.

MILWAUKEE, Aug. 2.3.— This market now
offers good encouragement for honey. The
old stock of white comb is all gone, and new,
choice, l-lbs. will meet a sweet reception. We
quote 1 -lb. choice white, 13((7tl6c; good white
l-lbs., 14@15c: fair white l-lbs., 1.3@14c;
choice 2-lbs., 13@14c. Extracted in barrels,
choice white. 7(3.80 ; in kegs and tin, 8®8i4c.
Beeswax, 36®(30c.

A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, Sept. 5.— Demand for comb
honey continues good, but supply light. We
quote: White l-lbs., 15(§)16c.; 2-lbs., 13@14c.
Dark l-lbs.. 13(S.14e.; 2-lbs., 12(ai3c. White
extracted, 7c. ; dark. 3@6c. Beeswax, No.l, 25c
CLEMONS, MASON & CO.,

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

CHICAGO, Aug. 21.— New honey arriving
very slowly, demand active, and all receipts
are taken promptly. We quote: White clover
l-lbs., 16@18c.: 2-lbs., 14@15c.; dark l-lbs.,
ll@12c; 2-lbs.. 9(2il0c. Extracted meets with
quick sale, values ranging from 6i4@7i4 cts.,
depending upon qualitj' and style of package.
Beeswax, 28@30c.

S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, August 6.— Demand is good
for the new crop, and receipts are very light.
White l-lbs.. loo. ; 2-lbs., 13(g)14c. Dark l-lbs.
12(ai3c. : 2-lbs., 12c. Extracted, white, 7c.:
dark, 5@6c.

HAMBLIN & BEARSS. 514 Walnut St.

DETROIT, Aug. 12.— Very little new comb
honey in the market, and it is selling at 14@
15c. Extracted. 7(J>'8c. Beeswax, 26@27c.
M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.

DENVER, Aug. 7.— Old honey all gone. New
crop is arriving freely. Prospect good for a
fall crop. We quote: l-lbs., 14@16c. Extrac-
ted, 6(a!8c. Beeswax, 20@23c.

J. M. CLARK COM. CO.. 1517 Blake St.

BOSTON, Aug. 15.— New honey is coming in
and we are selling at 18c. Extracted, 7(§l8c.
Beeswax. 30c. for fancy yellow.

BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.

CINCINNATI, Aug. 20.— Good demand for
comb and extracted honey. Arrivals are in-
sufficient for the demand. We quote best
white comb at 14@16c. Extracted at 5@8c.
Beeswax is in fair demand at 24@26c on arri-
val for good to choice yellow.

C. F. MUTH & SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

Bee-Keeping; tor Profit, by Dr.

G. L. Tinker, is a new 50-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted honey, and the construction of
the hive best adapted to it — his "Nonpareil. "
The book can be had at this office for 25
cents.

Send us the Names and addresses of any
of your friends upon whom you desire to call,
to get their subscriptions, and we will Imme-
diately send them each a sample copj'. In
this way you can readily get them for a club.

A Mew Md\m\ (if Tr<^atiiis Iliscase.

HOSPITAL REMEDIES.
What are they ! There is a new departure
in the treatment of disease. It consists in
the collection of the specifics used by noted
specialists of Europe and America, and
bringing them within the reach of all. For
instance, the treatment pursued by special
physicians who treat indigestion, stomach
and liver troubles only, was obtained and
prepared. The treatment of other physi-
cians, celebrated for curing catarrh, was
procured, and so on till these incomparable
cures now include disease of the lungs,
kidneys, female weakness, rheumatism and
nervous debility.

This new method of "one remedy for one
disease " must appeal to the common-sense
of all sufferers, many of whom have experi-
enced the ill effects, and thoroughly realize
the absurdity of the claims of Patent
Medicines which are guaranteed to cure
every ill out of a single bottle, and the use
of which, as statistics prove, has ruined
more stomachs than alcohol. A circular
describing these new remedies is sent free
on receipt of stamp to pay postage, by
Hospital Remedy Company, Toronto, Can-
ada, sole proprietors.

51D26t Imly.

^ducvtiscmcnts.

WE FIND that we have not reserved a
single cop.v of our special edition of the
Conipaiiion aud Prize Weekly, and would
be much pleased if some of our friends wrjuld
return us a copy or two. E. L. PRATT, Pratt
Bee-Farm, Marlboro, Mass. 37.-Vlt

Mention the Ameri^"n Bee Journal.

CHOICE

HONEY

FOR SALE

CHEAP

Address.

JAMES HEDDON, Dowagiac, Mich.

:i7A2t

WE have had splendid success this season.
We believe we have filled all orders up to
date, and can now send Cariiiolaii A: Italian
Queens bj return mail, providing .you do not
all order at once. We shall have about 100
of those Beautiful I'elloiv Carniulan
itueeus ready to ship during SeiJtember — a
new strain of bees possessing all tlie desirable
points of Carniohins. with color added. Price
of all Queens, SiliOO each, by mail.

E. L. PRATT, PRATT BEE-FARM,

3Att

ITIarlboro, ITIass.

HANDLING BEES

APAMPHliET, treating of the taming
and handling of bees. Just the thing tor
beginneis. It is a chapter from '^'I'lie Hive
and Honey-Bee, revised." Price, 8 cts.
Advice to beginners. Circulars, &c., free.

CHAS. DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ills

622

ntmm M^mmmi^mM mmm joiiumnmi,.

NoTrouble

^" TO

BUILD

if you start right.
The first step
should be an ex-

„, , ammation of Mr.

Shoppell's buildlne desigES— the only large
collection of designs that are artistic, prac-
tical and reliable. The estimates are guaran-
teed. Mr. ShoppeU's publications are as

follows : Prlpp

* Portfolio of Jl.onO Houses, 30 designs, $2 00

1,600

SO

2 00

2.000

30 "

2 00

8,500

30 "

2 00

3 000

32 "

2 CO

3.500

38

2 CO

4,000

30

2 0:1

E OPO

30 "

2 00

C.OOO

28 "

2 00

7.600 ■

2-J

2 00

10,000

21

2 CO

.Stables "

19 "

SC3

*The first Portfolio contains desiens that cost ai
low as 9M\ $m). $700 and $800.

Any 3 of the above Portfolios <" )r $5 -.any 7
for $10; the complete set (18) for $15. Boun 1
Tolume containing over 200 designs selected
from the various portfolios, price S5, retiu-n-
able If not satisfactory.

Address R. w. SHOPPELL,

Architect, 63 B'way, Kew York.

Mention tlie American Bee Journal.

Bee -Hives, Sections, &c.

On and after Feti. 1, 1890, we will sell our
No. 1 V-groove Sections in lots of 500 as fol-
lows: Less than 2,000 at .$3.50 per thousand;
2,000 to 5,000 at .$.3.00 per thousand. Write
for special prices on larger quantities. No. 2
Sections $2.00 per thousand. Send for Price-
List for other Supplies. Address,

J. STAIIFFER & SONS,

tSuccessors to B. J. Miller & Co.)
31Atf NAPPANEE, IND.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION

HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAITIES.

THIN FLAT BOTTOM FOUNDATION

HaM no FiKli-boiie in Surplus Houey.

Beinp the cleaneat is usually worked

the quickest of any Foundation made.

J, VAN DErSEN A: SONS,

Sole Manufacturers,

Sprout Brook. Montgomery Co., N, Y.

ildlldll i[U""llS Tested, $1 00 each.

Untested, GO els. each, or four for $2.00.
34Att GOOD BROS., NAPPANEE, iND.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

The Honey Aliiiaiiac

JUST the ihltiK neeiled to create a demand for
llONEY at home. Bee-keepers should scatter
it freely. It shows the uses of Honey for Medicine
Eating, Drinkint;. Cuokine. for making Ccismetics
VineKar. etc.: also uses of BEESWAX. Price, sets.;
25 copies for |i. in : 50 copies. |i.70; 75 copies, $-2.30;
MM" for f2.i)i}. The foregoine are POSTPAID prices:
following are prices when sent by express or freiKht;
Iftoforfii.sn ; 5rKi for lio.oo: i.(hX) for |i5.f)0. The
Bee-Keeper's CARDwill be printed on the drst pa^e
without extra cost, when 25 or more are ordered at
one time. Address.

THOS. G. 1VEA*T?1AN A: SON,
246 East Madison St.. - CHICAGO. ILL.

CLOW OUT SALE.

100 IVice Liayinfsr Italian Queens

whicli must be Sold ^vitliin

llie Next Two Week§.

To close them out, will sell them at the very
low price of 60 cts. each, or $6 per dozen.

These Queens are not "culls," but are as
good as any that can be produced, and will
guarantee 90 per cent, of them purely mated.

Speak quick, or they \rill be gone.
Address,

W. W. GARY, - COLERAINE, MASS.

Please Mention the American Bee Journal.
31A7t

^QUARE }J0NEY QaNS

The above illustration shows the 60 pound
Square Honey Cans which are becoming
quite popular for shipping extracted honey.
They are enclosed iu
a solid case of wood,
and the boxes contain
either one or two Cans
as may be preferred.

We can furnish them
at the following prices,
with a IJ^-inch Screw
Cap in tlie corner of
each Can.

For the convenience
of digging out candied
honey, we can furnish
these Cans with an
additional tour-inch Screw Cap for 5 cents
extra on each Can.

1 Single Can .... (boxed) ....

13 " Cans... " ....

100 " "... " ....

1 bos of two Cans

13 boxes "

100 " "

....$ .45
.... 5.00
.... -10.00

75

.... 8.40
.... 65.00

THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Clioifcst Italian

mim !

September, 1889. N
Send for Price-List.

Purely biied ~ Purely
MATED. Won first prem-
ium over all competitors
at Buffalo Interuational,
ONE Better in America !
Order early.

Great reduction in price. Former prices
superseded. Select tested, $1.50; Tested, 75c.
Five Apiaries to draw from. Can ship by re-
turn mail in any quantity.

E3. ID. KZEEnSTE^^-,

Importer and Breeder,

33Atf
Mention the American Bee Journal.

FOR SALE!

IWILIi SELL my APIART, representing
73 Colonies, and your choice — either Ital-
ians or Hybrids— at $3.00 per Colony. Will be
in good shape, and with honey enough to win-
ter. Bee-Hives and Apiarian Fixtures for
sale CHE.tp, including Tiu-Pails,Cans and Kegs,
2-frame Novice Honey - Extractor, Dadants'
Uneapping-Can, Comb Baskets, Bingham Smo-
kers, h.ni%'es. Sections. Glass for 12-lb. Ship-
ping-Crates, Beeswax, Foundation for Surplus
and Brood. Honey, Buckwheat Flour and
Beans for sale. Address.

A. F. UNTERKIRCHER,
37Alt MANCHESTER, MICH.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

SPECIAL DISCOUNT

ON HIVES.

IN order to keep our factory running during
the fall and winter months, we will make
a discount of 10 per cent, on all orders for
Hives received before Jan. 1, 1891, and after
that date, until March 1, we will make a dis-
count of 5 per cent, from our Catalogue
prices.

The experience of the last season should
prompt every bee-keeper to have his supply of
Hives, etc., on band before the season com-
mences, and avoid the rush.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

!-t6 East Madison Street,

CHICAGO, ILL.

Shipping Crates ;

WE MAKE THEM NEAT AND CHEAP.
WRITE FOR PRICES.

Gr. B- nL.E!"^;A7"IS <Sc oo.

35Atf AVatertown, Wis.

Mention the American Bee Journal

%%m

WILL BUY.

^^W" I will close out my Apiary
of over 100 Colonies of Bees iu
fine condition, at $3 per Colony
—good Colonies, good Hives, with enough hon-
ey to winter on. Address,
34Atf J. A. KIIV<>;, mankato, minn.
Mention the American Bee JoumaL

BEESWAX WANTED.

BeesM'ax.— We will pay 35 cents per

pound, in Cash, for Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
ered here.

i^" To avoid mistakes, the name of the
shipper should always be on each package.

THOS. G. NEWMAN ^k SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

LOOK HERE !

a ■RESTED Italian Queens, $1,00 each;
- Untested, 7."ic. ; 12-pouud Shipping Cases
in Bat, per 100, $6.00 ; 2.x9 glass for same, per
100,70c.; per 500, $3.00. Priee-List free.

Address. J. M. KINZIE,

20AIy ROCHESTER. Oakland Co., MICH.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Muth's Honey Extractor,

Perfection Cold-Blast Smokers,
HQUARE GLASS HONEY-JARS, etc.

For Circulars, apply to

CIIARI.E8 F. MITTH A SON,

Cor. Freeman 4 Central Aves., CINCINNATI, O.
P. 8.— Send IOC. for Practical Hints to Bee-Keeperf.

TMm mjmmMicmn wmm j&ismMmi^,

627

■ „ ■ PUBLISHED BY_ -fj- —

THO S . G . NEWMAN &» SON,

-^"irryvno. ILL, --^

^^^^pas&e^

XHOIVIAS «i. I^EW91Ar«,

EDITOR.

Vol. mi. Se5t. 20, 1890, No. 38.

I'll Wot t'oiiler with sorrow

Till to-morrow ;
But Joy shall have her way

This very day.

H was a letter which figured conspicu-
ously as the initial letter of the names of
exhibitors. Just at the landing upstairs —
there was the exhibit of M. H. Hunt — then
followed O. L. Hershiser's — then came W.
Z. Hutchinson's. Another who made sev-
eral entries, but the goods did not arrive
in time, was R. P. Holt^raann — all the
names beginning with H. The ijrincipal
lady exhibitors were Miss Anna Cutting
and Mrs. S. Bennett.

Xlie Xiiiie lias Changed.— The

Kansas City honey market report on page
637, says that " the demand for comb
honey is larger than the receipts." Yes;
and it is likely to be. Quoting it at 16
cents is a farce ! Any white comb honey
sold at retail for less than 25 cents per
pound this year is sacrificed ! Beekeepers
should demand that the very meager crop
shall bring all that it is worth. Chicago
quotations are 18 cents, but that is too
low. Hold on to the product.

Comb Honey.— We had a pleasant
visit from Mr. L. W. Baldwin, of Inde-
pendence, Mo., last week. Friend B. and
his son have an apiary of 850 colonies, and
have a product of 85,000 pounds of ex-
cellent comb honey, a sample crate of
which they left with us. It shows good
workmanship — the nice, white sections are
in an attractive crate, and the honey is
thick in body and of fine flavor, and will
no doubt bring a fancy price. They are to
be congratulated upon so good a yield in
such a poor season.

Xli«- l>eti-oit Honey Kxliibit was

everything that could be desired. Beauti-
ful weather prevailed, and the "swarm"
of bee-keepers was generous and kindly
disposed. A rejiorter for the Detroit
Trlhime is responsible for this which fol-
lows a notice of the honey exhibit :

The busy bee, like the ant, can always
give a lesson to the sluggard, and even to
the wisest of men. The intelligent little
workers carrying on their prosperous com-
munality in that business-like way of
theirs, have attained to that Utopian gov-
ernment for which all men are sighing.
Precise in their instincts and workmanship,
sanitary to an astonishing degree, full of
reverence for their queen, wisely provident
tor their necessary but lazy drones, having
absolute command not only of their living
selves, but enjoying a power to regulate
the number and kind of new bees which
shall be born into their little cosmos, the
hive. The bees are a delight for the poet,
a parable for the teacher, and a study for
the philosopher.

The Superintendent, friend H. D. Cut-
ting, did nobly in getting up such a fine
exhibit, when the crop was so short. In
fact, some of the exhibits represented the
ivhole crop of the exhibitors. It took more
than an ordinary amount of energy to get
up the excellent display which was a won-
der and admiration to every beholder.

The most attractive display of Comb
Honey was made by O. L. Hershiser, and
his premium was S35 ; second, M. H. Hunt,
•S20 ; third, W. Z. Hutchinson, .^10.

Best specimen of gO pounds— Mr. Her-
shiser first, $10 ; and Mr. Hutchinson $5.

In extracted honey the best display was
made by Mr. Hutchinson, and his premium
was S35 ; second, Mr. Hunt, S30 ; and third.
Miss Cutting, .$10.

Best specimen of 20 pounds— Mr. Hunt
carried off the first premium of KIO ; and
Miss Anna Cutting the second, .?5.

In beeswax, Mr. Hunt showed some ex-
cellent cakes from the apiary of Miss Lucy
A. Wilkins, of Farwell, Mich., whose arti-
cles, some years ago under the nom-de-
plume of " Cyula Linswick," were so in-
teresting ,

In bees, Mr. Hutchinson had a grand dis-
play in uni-comb observation hives. Italian,
black, Carniolan, Cyprian, etc., and his
premiums amounted to §40 on these.

In comb foundation, both for brood and
sections, Mr. Hunt took SiO for making, on
the grounds. Miss Cutting had the best
ready-made samples, and was awarded •*! 2.

The display of honey candies, fruit pre-
served in honey, honey pastry, and honey
vinegar was excellent.

For the largest, best, most interesting,
attractive and instructive exhibition, Mr.
Hunt got SSS ; Mr. Hutchinson, $20, and
Mr. Hershiser, .?10.

For the most attractive display of comb
and extracted honey made by a lady, Miss
Anna Cutting received two first premiums,
amounting to S40, and Mrs. Hutchinson
and Miss Hunt $10 each.

Mr. Hunt's display was large and In-
genlus, and was ornamented by colored

trimmings and banners. It was 40 feet
long, and occupied nearly one-half of all
the space devoted to the exhibit. His
stand was lined with a fancifully molded
balustrading of beeswax, and over the
blue archway at the centre sat an old-
fashioned bee-hive.

Mr. Hershiser's exhibit was imposing —
one that is over-powering by its mag-
nificence.

Mr. Hutchinson showed a pyramid about
10 feet high, made of comb and extracted
honey, and was truly grand and charming.

Miss Anna Cutting, not to be out-done,
had two pyramids made with comb and
extracted honey, the tallest being about 8
feet high, and the other about 4 feet.

Exhibits which are to benefit bee-keepers
should be so attractive as to cause an ex-
clamation by beholders— then the intent is
accomplished. An impression is made that
will be impressive and lasting. Colored
bunting and flags are excellent to adorn
the walls for a background, but the exhibit
itself should with its magnificence and gran-
deur captivate the spectator.

It^~ The Missouri and Kansas Inter-State
Fair will be held at Kansas City, Mo., Sept.
22 to 27, 1890. Premium lists may be
obtained of R. W. Cunningham, Secretary.
No attention is paid to bees or honey.

By the British Bee Journal for
Sept. 4, we notice that a honey show at
Wigtown, announced for the 19thinst., is
abandoned because of the failure of the
honey crop. Bee-keepers on both sides of
the Atlantic Ocean can condole with one
another in the honey crop failure this year.

'iW The Salt Lake City Fair will be held
from Oct. 6 to 10, 1890. Premiums
amounting to $13.50, are oflfered for bees
and honey. In future years we may hope
that more liberal premiums will be offered,
and more creditable exhibits will be the
result. Our friend, John C. Swaner, will,
no doubt, make as creditable an exhibit
as possible, and take the premiums.

Held His Breatli.— That is what the
Rev. L. Johnson, of Walton, Ky., says he
almost did when reading Chapter XIH of
"Scientific Queen-Rearing," by G. M.
Doolittle. His enthusiastic remarks are as
follows ■

I have just finished reading Mr. G. M.
Doolittle's book on " Scientific Queen-Rear-
ing," and must truly say it far exceeds any-
thing on the subject I have ever read. His
discoveries are certainly remarkable, and
cannot fail to be of great value to the bee-
keepers of America. God bless him for
what he has done for us in the little in this
little book. I thought Mr. Alley had ex-
hausted the subject in his "Bee-Keepers'
Handy-Book," but Mr. Doolittle has opened
to us a new field of which I never dreamed.
I almost held my breath in amazement as I
read Chapter XIII.

628

T'HE MMEKICMM BE® J@^KlfMlr.

^■^^■^■'^^^^^^j^^^^A^A^r^-*-*-^*^^-^*^-^-^-^-^*'^-^-^^^^^*

'Wliile Clover not only yielded no
honey in many places in North America,
but the same thing occurred in England.
In the British Bee Journal for Aug. 1-4, we
tind the following editorial remarks :

Apropos of our observations on honey-
less white clover last week, it would seem
we are not alone iu feeling the peculiar
effects of the present season. The Ameri-
CAX Bee Joirxal just to hand has a com-
munication headed "No Honey in White
Clover," in which the writer, after declar-
ing the honey season to be a failure, says :
" All this took place amidst a sea of white
clover, too. I never saw so much white
clover before in my life !"

It is certainly a remarkable experience
of what is justly called the ''queen" of
honey-producing flowers when on two con-
tinents, 3,000 miles apart, the same ab-
sence of nectar in clover bloom occurs.
How far the recent warmth has succeeded
in restoring the prestige of the plant in the
eyes of British bee-keepers a few days will
show. We saw bees working on it busily
enough on Bank Holiday, when the clover
bloom was without doubt yielding honey
within ten miles of London.

The cause of the lack of honey in the
clover during the past summer is not yet
discovered. We have noticed, however,
that there has been considerable complaint
about its causing salivation of horses, by
some quality in it having excited the
salivary glands to a considerable degree.

A correspondent, who is a physician, says
that he has tasted the second crop of white
clover this year, and found it to be " ex-
cessively awicl" and unpalatable. This
may account, in part at least, for the lack
of honey from white clover, especially
where the bees got no honey, even when
they were surrounded by "a sea of white
clover," as reported by a correspondent
and published last month, and also referred
to in the foregoing excerpt from the British
Bee Journal.

It might have been distasteful to the
bees, as it was to our friend, the M. D.
They would then let it severely alone, and
it is better so than for them to have gath-
ered honey that might have been injurious
to the honey market as well as to the honey
consumers.

In some cases the drouth was unquestion-
ably responsible for the lack ot honey.
Between both causes, but very little white
clover honey is now to be found on the
market. The fall honey crop this side of
the Atlantic, as well as in Europe, has been
quite encouraging. Fall flowers have been
abundant since the rains of August came,
and we confidently hope for a sufficient
quantity on which to winter the bees ; and
in some places we are assured that a sur-
plus crop will be gathered. Take it all in
all, it has been the poorest season for many
years.

Clubs of 6 for $4.00 to any addresses.
Ten for $7.50, if all are sent at one time.

Our Residence is nearly surrounded
with trees, and the late rains have pro-
duced millions of mosquitoes, which have
been harbored under the leaves of the
trees. The leaves are now falling, and the
singing, biting nuisances are seeking other
quarters. They are so small that they get
through the wire-screens of our windows,
and for several nights have made life almost
intolerable by their poisonous bites, and
diabolical singing.

For protection against these unwelcome,
nocturnal visitors, we now use the Globe
Veil, and our enthusiastic joy over the
result is our only excuse for mentioning it
in this public way. We unbutton the brass
collar before going to sleep.

Sleeping hnpossible.

Sleeping in ('omfort.

If any of our readers are similarly
troubled with mosquitoes, our very best
advice is to get a fine bobinet Globe Veil,
and defy the little intruders ! Then all
may obey the injunction: "Sleep on now,
and take your rest !"

We can send one made of the finest
bobinet, especially for this purpose, for a
dollar ; the comfort and pleasure derived
from its use will be worth many dollars.

Besides this, it is so handy for use in the
apiary when working with the bees.

Canadian Apiarists are consider-
ably exercised of late about a supply dealer
by the name of R, E. Smith, who has been
selling Comb Foundation which was badly
adulterated, and trying to palm it off as
Dadant's foundation. He oft'ered it at
retail for less than Dadant's wholesale
prices. When such is the case, buyers may
be sure that there is deception somewhere.
Beware of any article that is offered at
unreasonable prices, unless a valid reason
is given for such sacrifice.

Xliirty Years Amons: llie Hees

is the title of a new illustrated pamphlet of
75 pages, by Henry Alley. It gives the
results of the 30 jears' experience ot the
author in rearing Queen-Bees, with all the
latest methods brought down to the pres-
ent time. Price, 50 cents. For sale at
this office.

lUusical Xelegrapliy. — We noticed
in the New York Electrical Review of Aug.
16, 1890, that Dr. G. P. Hachenberg, of
Austin, Tex., one of our regular corres-
pondents, is registered to exhibit his Musi-
cal Telegraphy in the St. Louis Electrical
Exposition to be held this fall.

The Doctor shows remarkable tenacity
in holding on to his invention, and must
have great confidence in its final remark-
able success. " Godey's Ladies Book " for
March, 1864, gives an account of his
Musical Telegraphy, with proof that he
was the original inventor to transmit
sound by the aid of electricity, which
received the attention of the Government
iu its action against Prof. Bell.

What is of local interest to us is, that
according to the Chicago Times, of April
9, 1869, he delivered a lecture on Musical
Telegraphy in the Crosby Opera House. It
was then proposed by several scientists in
the audience to make Hachenberg's Electro-
Music a Chicago enterprise ! This may yet
prove the case, for we have information
that the subject will be brought before the
Commissioners of the World's Fair, with
the view to characterize the great Exposi-
tion with this order of music (a music that
was never excelled before), as it was once
favorably acted upon by the United States
Centennial Commission, as we see in their
printed proceedings for 1873.

The Doctor is the originator of several
electrical inventions, and ranks as one of
the great electricians of the age. His last
" Electro Air-Line " has been illustrated in
more than a thousand newspapers in this
country.

It should be no matter of surprise to see
extensive electrical demonstrations in his-
large apiary in which he takes a lively
interest. The grounds of his apiarj' ar&
strung with wires, air line carriages, hidden
batteries, hives fixed on bottles, mimic-
lightning streaks flashing over the grounds,
from revolving mirrors propelled by wind,,
etc. The honey-house has an electrical
paraphernalia much of the same order.
Out-doors, electrical experiments are con-
ducted to prevent swarming and robbing ;.
in-doors, to prevent the granulation of
honey, clearify honey, etc. We are prom-
ised a report of the results of these experi-
ments after they are once fully completed.

I[^" A -Warwick farmer had a gang of
tramps iu his yard a few days ago who
refused to obey his orders to "move on."
He showed a remarkable presence of mind
when he overturned a hive of bees. The-
tramps disappeared, but not until many
had suffered. — Exchange.

1'iie Species ot Wild Bees are-

quite numerous, there being, it is said,
4,500, of which 170 are in Great Britain :
of wasps there are 1,100 species, of which
16 are found in that country.

Tmm ^MERICar* be® J&lSTtMKIU.

629

Migrsitory Ifee-Kecpiiig- is by

some thought to be a new thing, but it has
beeu in practice for 2,000 years in Egypt
and the East. A reporter for the Chicago
Herald is responsible for the following,
which he evidently thought was a news
item :

An apiary on wheels is one of the latest
innovations in California. After the foot-
bills have been pastured, the bee-herder
mores his bees to a higher elevation, where
the industrious insects gather the nectar
stored in the blossoms of the clover and
other plants, and when these have been
relieved of their saccharine matter, the
bees are again moved to a higher elevation,
where flowers j^eeuliar to their region j'ield
up their sweets to them.

Sliort Rations. — The drouth of last
year, followed by hard freezing before
snow fell, was very injurious to clover all
over the Northwest. The same conditions
that destroj'ed the clover plants also
injured or killed many of the biennial
flowering plants. The effect of this has
beeu very marked upon the honey product
of the country. The reports from all parts
show a considerable falling off from the
yield of previous years ; while there is no
doubt a combination of causes for the
failure, it is but reasonable to conclude
that the destruction of so many honey -pro-
ducing plants has been one of the impor-
tant factors.— Farm, Stock and Home.

Another Test tor Ilees^rax. — If

any of the victims of adulterated wax wish
to experiment a little on their own account
(says the Canadian Bee Journal), here is
a simple test, which we find in " Cheshire's
Bees and Bee-Keeping," as being the one
given by Mr. Otto Hehner, the analyst of
the British Bee -Keepers' Association :

Take a piece of undoubted pure beeswax
and cautiously mix alcohol (methylated
spirit) with water until the wax just sinks;
a piece of beeswax adulterated would, in
the same test fluid, rise to the surface. The
test must be applied, however, with great
care, as any air bubbles in or on the piece
to be tried might lead to its being con-
demned unjustly.

Xlie Annual Fair of the Washtenaw
County Agricultural aud Horticultural
Society is to be held at Ann Arbor, Mich.,
Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Fri-
day, Sept. 30 and Oct. 1, 2 and 3, 1890.
Premium lists maybe obtained of Jas. R.
Bach, Secretary, Ann Arbor, Mich. The
premiums for comb and extracted honey
and beeswax amount to *5 for first, and
$2.50 for second premium. Such premiums
will never call out a respectable exhibit.

Are yon Ooing; to the Fair ; If so,
will you kindly send to this office and get a
few samples of the Bee Jouunai,, and give
them out to your friends there, and get up
a club? We will send them to you with
pleasure.

Proper Size ur Framem lu Ex-
Iraet Honey From.

Written for the American Bee Journal

QuEKY 729. — In running an apiary ex-
clusively for extracted honey, what is best
— combs half the size of brood-combs, or
the same size as brood-combs, to extract
from, in using the Quinby frame ? — J. O. T.

I use full sized frames. — G. M. Doolittle.

The same size as brood-combs, wired. —
Mus. L. Harkiso.n'.

Half size, with closed end-bars. — R. L.
Taylok.

I should use all frames alike. — C. H. Dib-

BEHX.

I never used the Quinby frame, but I am
favorable to small frames for extracting
from. — Eugene Seoor.

I use a smaller frame than the Quinby,
aud have full size and half -size frames, and
I prefer the latter.— M. Mahin.

The combs in small-sized frames, as a
general thing, are not as easily broken in
extracting as those in frames of the size of
the Quinby. But with care, the combs in
the Quinby frames can be extracted with-
out trouble. — J. P. H. Bkows.

I think that I should prefer them half-
size. A Quinby frame full of honey would
be quite heavy. I use Langstroth frames,
and like the size for extracting. —A. B.
Mason.

Half-,size are more convenient with the
disadvantage that they cannot be used
interchangeably with brood-combs. — C. C.
Miller.

I prefer to have the same size of combs.
I do not use so large a frame ; but I think
that I should wish all the same, even if I
did.— A. J. Cook.

I have no experience with the Quinby
frame, but I thiuk that it is too large a
frame for easy manipulation in extracting
— and that is the reason, if I was obliged to
use such a frame, I would prefer the half-
size. — P. L. VlALLON.

I have never used the Quinby frame, but
on general principles I should say the full-
sized frame would be the better. I know
that it is with the Langstroth frame. — J.
E. Pond.

I much prefer small combs for extract-
ing. The "Nonpareil" brood-frame, size
7x17 inches, is very easily handled, and
admirable for extracting. — Gr. L. Tinker.

We prefer half combs, as .the full combs
are too deep to be furnished a full story at
a time. On the other hand, the full-size
comb are rather inconvenient to handle.
We have tried both, and decidedly prefer
half-stories, even with Langstroth frames.
— Dadant & Son.

Shallow combs are so advantageous that
were I using the Quinby frames, I should
use half depths to extract from ; and one
other thing I would do, wcmld be to get rid
of the Quinby frames, and use frames all
alike, and very shallow ones at that. —
James Heddon.

I have never used the Quinby frame, but
on general principles I prefer all the frames
to be of the same size. The Quinby frames,
however, are large, and it may be desir-
able to have them one-half size. I prefer
and have used the Langstroth frame only.
— The Editor.

InlrodiicinsH Queen to a Queen-
ICMs Divided Colony.

Written fur the American DeeJovnial

Query 730. — In dividing for increase will
it be advisable to introduce a queen into
the queenless portion of the artificial
swarm immediately after dividing, or
would it 1)6 better to wait a few days be-
fore giving them a queen 1 — Nebraska.

I would wait. — J. P. H. Brown.

I do it at once. — A. B. Mason.

It may be safest to wait a couple of days.

— EuiiENE SETOR.

Introduce the first night after dividing. —
Mrs. L. Harrison.

Give a queen at once, if you can conven-
iently do so. — G. M. Doolittle.

Introduce a good laying queen at once,
every time. — C. H. Dibbern.

If you have queens to spare, better intro-
duce them at once. — Dadant & Son.

If we have the queen, I should prefer to
introduce her at once. — A. J. Cook.

If I dividedHhat way, I should want each
part to have a queen as soon as it could
safely have one. — C. C. Miller.

I always prefer to introduce a queen at
once, unless I have enough combs with
brood to give them occasionally to make
up for the loss of time. — P. L. Viallon.

For introducing virgin queens, I would
have the colonies queenless seven days.
Introduce laying queens at once, in a cage.
— R. L. Taylor.

All depends. No one can lay down a
rule for introducing queeps. Everything
depends upon the immediate condition and
circumstances. — James Heddon.

I prefer to introduce a queen at once, as
I can see no good reason for waiting ; that
is, provided I had surplus queens, or could
procure them easily. —J. E. Pond.

If you have a queen at hand, introduce
her at once, but leave the old queen on the
old stand ; otherwise, bees returning from
the other hive may kill your new queen. —
M. Mahin.

The queen should be given, caged of
course, as soon as the queenless jjortion
discovers that they have no queen, or
about two or three hours after the division
is made. I believe it to be better to so
wait in introducing generally, as I find the
bees then build fewer queen-cells, and
often none.— G. L. Tinker.

Introduce a laying queen, in a cage, at
once, so that each part of the divided col-
ony may have a good queen, and may con-
tinue to build up by increasing numbers. —
The Editor.

Convention I^otices.

IW The Southwestern Wisconsin Bee-Keepers'
Sofiety. will meet nn Oct. 8, 1890, at the residence of
B. France, Platteville, Wis. B. Rice, Sec.

^^W The fall meeting of the Central Michigan
Bee-Keepers' Association, will meet in the Pioneer
Rooms, Capitol Building, Lansing, Mich., on Wed-
nesday, Oct. 15, 18yo, to commence at 10 a.m.

W. A. BAR.VES, Sec.

B^~ The Capital Bee-Keepers' Association will
meet in the Supervisors' Room of the Court House,
in Sprin^eld. Ills., at lo o'clocfc, a.m.. on Sept. 26,
1890. Come, and let us have a good time.

C. E. VOCOM, Sec.

ly The next meeting of the Turkey Hill Bee-
Keepers' Association, will be held at the Turkey
Hill Grange Hall, near Wilderman's Station, three
miles southeast of Belleville, Ills., on Oct. 30, IH90.
All interested in bee-keeping are cordially inyited.

A. FEHK, Sec.

630

T'KS MMBRICMK mWiM J@>^MIfM£r.

■■'— ^■^■'■^'

Xbe Sons of tlie Bee.

Buzz, buzz, buzz !

This is the soug of the bee.
Her legs are of yellow.
And voice is quite mellow.

And yet a good worker is she.

In days that are sunny
She's getting her honey ;
In days that are cloudy

She's boarding her wax ;
On buckwheat and lilies,
And gay daffodillies,
And columbine blossoms,

She levies a tax.

Buzz, buzz, buzz !
The sweet smelling clover
She humming hangs over ;
The scent of the roses

Makes fragrant her wings ;
She never gets lazy ;
From thistle and daisy.
And weeds of the meadow.

Some treasure she brings.

Buzz, buzz, buzz !
Front morning's first gray light
Till fading of daylight.
She's singing and toiling

The summer day through.
Oh ! we may get weary.
And think work is dreary,
But 'tis harder by far
To have nothing to do.— Selected.

HIVES.

l.arge or Small Hive«i in Hone]'-
Production — Which i

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY G. M. DOOLITTLE.

It ■would seem by reading page 550,
that Mr. Dadant, like the "Children
of Israel," as we are told in the " good
book," must have " precept upon pre-
cept, line upon line, here a little and
there a little," before he can under-
stand the position taken bj- us who
believe that a large brood-chamber is
not the thing to use when working for
comb honey. This being the case, let
me try again and see if 1 cannot make
it a little plainer for him.

I believe that it. is conceded by all,
that no colony of bees in earl}' spring
needs so large a hive as they do in the
latter part of June when the storing
season commences, and when the bees
are more numerous than they were
three months previous.

At the beginning of the season, or,
saj' the middle of April, in this locality,
a hive just large enough to accommo-
date the bees with ten pounds of
honey, |)laces them in the best possible
condition for the next month to come.
During this month they will have con-
verted the ten pounds of honey into
brood, when they are ready for more
room, for, as a rule, when this honey
in such a small hive is turned into

brood, the combs contained by it are
practically full of brood.

If we now add one or two frames of
honey at the sides of this brood, we
again place the bees in splendid condi-
tion for ten days more, at which time
honey will be coming in slowly from
the fields, so if the queen needs more
room, frames of empty comb should
now be added, instead of frames of
honey, thus enabling the bees to use
this honey for brood purposes, rather
than storing it in the brood-combs; or,
in other words, keeping that which
would now be set in, if we still used
combs of honey.

lu this way the colony is worked,
keeping just the right amount of room
in it which the queen can keep tilled
with brood until the honey harvest
really commences. When this occui'S,
we do not want any more in the brood-
chamber than has become tilled with
brood up to that time ; but the rest of
the room needed now, is to be added
by way of a surplus arrangement.

Now with me and many others, it
has been found that the average queen
will not occupy more than nine Gallup
frames, or eight Langstroth frames
with brood before the main honey
harvest commences, therefore I set
such down as the right size of brood-
chamber for me to use.

In Mr. Dadant's fifth and sixth para- 1
graphs, I see he failed to correctly
read my article on page 503, for he
there quotes me as saying what cannot
be found in my article. What I did
say was, that at the begi?ining of the
season 2 colonies were set apart for
special purposes — one to be worked
for comb honey, and one for extracted
honey ; and, I may add, that when set
apart neither had brood in over four
combs; hence the "trap" which he
thinks has caught Doolittle, has another
"D"init. The colonies were both
worked on the above plan until near
the honey harvest, and both kept in my
usual hive until then, when the one
worked for extracted honey was put
into a " long i<lea" hive, for the rea-
son that I want a large hive for ex-
tracted honey — not a large brood-
chamber.

In those days, perforated metal was
unknown, hence the queen could not
be restricted, so she had her own way,
tilling the combs with brood to the
amount of 15 frames full, all of which
above the 9 frames full, became useless
consumers, or mostly so after the har-
vest was past.

This brings me to a point that is
overlooked by nearly all the advocates
of large hives. A large hive when
worked for comb honey is almost sure
to give one of two things which re-
sults in loss to the apiarist, viz :

The first is the one mentioned — that
of rearing useless consumers. The
queen will often begin laying rapidlj"
at the beginning of the honey harvest,
spreading the brood further and
further, the workers using the honey
that is being gathered to feed this
brood until near the close of the
honej' harvest, when they seem to
realize that they must retrench.

They now store honey in the combs as
fast as the brood hatches out, only to
be consumed by this same brood when
hatched out into bees, after the honey
harvest is past. Consequently we are
taking of the best part of our honey
harvest to feed this brood, which is to
eat what is left after they are hatched.
I have seen hundreds of hives la
neighboring apiaj'ies, years ago, that
were black with bees, nearly .all over,
in August, hanging on the outside of
the hive idle, day after day and week
after week, until they died of old age.
The second is, that instead of the
queen spreading her brood as above,
when the honey harvest commences,
the bees fill the combs not filled with
brood with honey, so that instead of
the first honey going into the honey-
boxes, it goes into the brood-chamber.
As the brood hatches out, more room
is given for the storing of hone}' below,
and so the bees keep storing there till
the end of the season, which results in
having about one-half the honey we
should have obtained, stored in the
brood-chamber in imsalable shape,
while the colony is in poor condition
for winter, they having too few bees-
for wintering safely.

If Mr. Dadant will turn to page 127.
of "Mysteries of Bee-Keeping Ex-
plained," he will see that as long ago
as 1865, Mr. Quinby realized some-
thing of these difliculties while using
a hive similar to the one Mr. D. is now
using ; for he there tells us how the ex-
tra comb, or that not filled with brood,
can be tilled with inferior honey, by
feeding just prior to the honey harvest,
"SO that when clover appears there is
no room for the clover honey, except
in the boxes."

Why I said that I would use large
hives for extractetl honey, is for the
reason that I like to use the same size
of frames for extracting as I use in the
brood-chamber. If I were to use an
odd size of frame to have the honey
stored in for extracting, as some rec-
ommend, then I would use no larger
hives for extracted honey than for
coinb honey.

As to the relative prices of the two
kinds of honey, I notice that Mr. D.
quotes Mr. Root's selling price, and
then argues from these prices. Mr.
Root buys very little, if any, honey
from New York State, hence his prices
have little or nothing to do with us.

TME^ m'mmMic;mm wmm j&\smnr.i^.

631

A neighbor of mine sliipped extracted
honey, of the very best quality, to New
York last 3'ear, and comb honey with
it in the same car. He told nie that
the extracted honey netted him 6
cents a pound, while the comb honey
brought him 15 cents, clear of all ex-
pense. Thus we have at the present
time 12.39 more for SOD pounds of
comb honey than we would have for
566 pounds of extracted honey.

Until extracted honey brings readily
two-thirds as much as comb honey, I
prefer to work at producing comb
honey. Why I say " readily," is be-
cause, with me, extracted honey al-
ways drags, while comb honey sells
quickly.

Borodino, N. Y.

HONEY.

The Article that Costs a Dollar
Per Pound.

Written for the Western Plowman

BY C. H. DIBBERN.

September sometimes gives us quite
a dash of fall honey, but if it turns out
like everything else this year, it will
not amount too much. If it will only
put the bees into good condition for
winter, we shall be well satisfied. It
has certainly been a very peculiar sea-
son^ and as far as bees and honey go,
a very unsatisfactory one. But very
little comb honey has been secured, in
a marketable shape, and there is no
new honey in the market, at least in
our home market. I do not think that
merchants and dealers yet realize how
very short the honey crop will be. The
places where a reasonable crop has
been gathered are so few and so lim-
ited that it will be but a drop in the
bucket to supply the 66,000,000 people
o^ the United States, to say nothing of
the rest of the world.

HONEY WOKTH $1.00 PER POUND.

The prices quoted in our general
markets are still very low, but then
these chaps have little or nothing for
sale, and I imagine when they come to
really have honey to sell their prices
will be much higher. Why, a dollar a
pound would not pay us for all we
have produced this year, and we can
name a great many bee-keepers who
have done no better. Of course an}'
such figures are almost out of the reach
of any one, even for medicine, and it
will make little difference to us, as we
have none to offer.

It will not be necessary to give
directions for packing, marketing and
shipping the crop, as many of us will
have hard work to get enough to butter
our own biscuits. Well, now would

be the time for those smart ones who
have been manufacturing comb honey
from parafline and glucose, if it could
be done. That it cannot be done has
been shown over and over again, and
it is pretty certain that such a thing
never will be done. It is wonderful
however, how this story is kept going
the rounds of the papers, and how
many variations can be made of it.

Another thing that bee-keepers have
been accused of, without any founda-
tion, is that they feed sugar syrup to
the bees in such quantities that they
will be compelled to store it in sections,
and that this honey is sold at a great
profit, as white clover honey. Why,
they tell us you can buy granulated
sugar for 7J cents per pound, and nice
honey is worth 15 cents, and surely
there is a big profit ! When this mat-
ter was first brought up, I thought to
myself that there was something in it,
and that perhaps it was practiced by
some bee-men who report such fabu-
lous crops.

I have lately experimented some in
this direction, and have been forced
to the conclusion that with honey at
anything like present prices, it won't
pay. To say nothing about the ques-
tionable honesty of such a thing, it
must be remembered that the bees in
no way change the syrup fed to them,
and that although stored in comb, it is
not equal in quality or appearance to
our fine clover honey.

Experiments also show that it re-
quires fully two pounds of granulated
sugar to get the bees to store one
pound of honey, and this would bring
the actual cost up to 15 cents per
pound. Then sections and comb foun-
dation also cost money, and it is lots
of bother to prepare and feed the
bees.

Some may doubt that it requires two
pounds of sugar to produce a pound of
this kind of " honey," and ask what
becomes of the other pound. Well,
this constant feeding greatly stimulates
the bees, and they commence breeding
rapidly, which consumes large quanti-
ties of stores, and it requires some 20
pounds of liquid sweets to produce a
pound of wax. Then the extra labor
and activity consumes more food, and
that is what becomes of full)' one-half
the honey or sugar syrup fed to them.

Now any one can easily figure out
that this kind of "manufacturing"
honey does not pay, as the actual cost
in cash would not be much less than
20 cents per pound, and that it is not
much practiced, even in very poor sea-
sons like the present. What bee-keeper
would care to invest 15 to 20 cents per
pound in a questionable sort of honey,
at present prices for a good quality of
genuine honey ? Had he not better go
to some place where honey is pro-

duced, and buy of some brother bee-
keeper, and supply his customers with
a fair article, or otherwise frankly ac-
knowledge that he has none to sell ?

IMPROVE THE STOCK OF BEES.

Is there anything that the bee-keeper
can do in a poor season to make the
business pay ? This is a question that
has bothered me a good deal, and
after much thought I have come to the
conclusion that there is not. The best
that can be done is to keep everything
in shape, and see that the bees have
stores enough to live on.

Something, of course, can.always be
done to improve the stock. If there
are any colonies that are very cross,
or not up to the standard in any way,
their queens should be exchanged, for
choice ones. But as to making any
money out of the business, it cannot
well be done. Even if one became so
discouraged as to wish to sell the bees
and all the fixtures, he would find that
in a poor season no one wants to buy.
All that can be done is to " watch and
wait" for that "good time coming."

FEED FOR WINTER STORES.

One thing must be attended to now,
if we expect to have our bees alive and
ingood condition next spring ; that is,
see to it that every hive is supplied in
the early part of September with stores
enough to carry them through the
winter. In some sections the bees
may gather an abundant supply from
the fall bloom, but in others they will
have to be fed.

If this is not attended to now, they
must starve during the cold months
and early spring. Every colony ought
to have at least 20 pounds of sealed
honey when cold weather sets in. It
is perhaps better to do some feeding in
the spring, as that will then greatly
encourage breeding. Store away all
the empty hives and fixtures where
they will be safe, so that we may have
them when needed again.

Milan, Ills.

IOWA.

Report of the State Bee-Keep-
ers' Conveution.

Written for theAmerlcan Bee Journal

BY EUGENE SECOR.

The Iowa State Bee-Keepers' Society
met at their Tent on the Fair Grounds
at Des Moines, Iowa, on Sept. 3, 1890,
with President Thos. Chantry in the
chair, and Wilson Sherman as Secre-
tary. No programme nor order of
business had been arranged. After
some informal discussion of various
matters, and after the report of the

632

THE rn'mmmiGMM mmm jpwKifsiu.

-'■^^^'■^'■'

Treasurer, and reception of members
for the ensuing year, the convention
proceeded to the election of officers,
which resulted as follows :

President. Eugene Secor, of Foi'est
City ; Vice-President, C. D. Levering,
of Atlantic ; Secretary. Thos. Chantry.
of Case}' ; and Treasurer. Wm. Kim-
ball, of De Witt. ■

President-elect Secor reminded the
bee-keepers that the International
American Bee-Association had honor-
ed the State by appointing their next
meeting at Keokuk, on Oct. 29, 30
and 31. 1890. and urged all bee-keep-
ers who could to attend. On his mo-
tion it was decided to affiliate with the
International Association, and steps
were taken to represent the State So-
ciety by delegates.

From nearly all parts of the State
came the same complaint — no honey,
or only a meager crop. Notwithstand-
ing this fact, the show of honey was
good at the Fair. The principal ex-
hibitors in this Department were J. W.
Bittenbender, of Knoxville. William
Kimball, of De Witt. Jos. Nysewander.
of Des Moines, and Levering Bros., of
Atlantic. The discouragements of a
bad season did not dampen the ardor
of these enthusiastic gentlemen. Their
tasty displays added to the interest of
the Fair.

It is proposed to have a rousing
meeting next year. If the bee-keepers
of the State will unite their eftbrts. and
bring their united strength to bear
upon the Directors of the Agricultural
Society, we shall not always be sand-
wiched between the cabbages and
pumpkins. What we need, is a build-
, ing set apart for the honey exhibit and
apiarian supplies.

The convention adjourned until the
afternoon of Sept. 4. for the discussion
of such questions as should be deposit-
ed in the question-box ; but as the
writer was obliged to leave for home,
he was unable to report proceedings.

I invite all Iowa bee-keepers to visit
Keokuk on the dates above named. I
am sure you will enjoy it.

Forest City. Iowa.

CARNIOLANS.

An Experience tvith this Race
of Bees.

Written Sor the American Bee Journal

BY S. A. SHUCK.

Had I not stated plainlj', on page
488, that all of my Carniolan queens
had mated with Italian stock, and that
the select-tested Carniolan queen was
superseded late in the fall of 1889,
there might have been some excuse for
the attempted fine hair-splitting by
Mr. C. L. Fisher, on page 538.

Mr. C. J. Robinson's criticism on
page 566, deserves considerable atten-
tion, more on account of its verj'
peculiarly suspicious nature, than from
any real merit as a criticism.

Mr. Robinson does not appear to
have taken into consideration the fact
that I may have kept bees — yes, on
modern principles — for the past 15
years, and that during that time I
could have learned the habits and dis-
position, together with the desii'able
and undesirable points of black bees,
without necessarily having them in my
apiarj- at the present time, or even
having kept them for eight or ten*
j'cars.

The extreme suspicion witli which
he points at " such as he (Mr. Sliuck)
calls pure Italians," is enough to cause
most careful readers to surmise that
Mr. Robinson has, at least in his boy-
hood days, been troubled by seeing
"spooks" or " ghosts." He does not
know — oh, no (!) — that by persistently
breeding from pure stock, and always
replacing mismated stock with pure-
bred stock, any practical apiarist can
keep from 80 to 95 per cent, of his
apiary pure ! He is so suspicious, that
if we judge him by such rules as are
laid down by expert phrenologists, we
shall have to say that he is over-
balanced in this direction.

But in spite of all this, I feel in-
clined to be lenient towards Mr. Rob-
inson, since his cause (Carniolans) is
so entangled with uncertainties. Al-
lowing all the rules that are given
through the different apicultural pub-
lications, as to what constitutes pxire
Carniolan bees, Mr. Robinson could
not declare any colony to be positively
pure if it had passed the first genera-
tion from the imported stock. As
proof of this statement, Mr. A. I Root
says, on page 168 of Oleanings for
1890, " Unless we import a queen for
every hive in the apiary, we can have
no assurance that our bees are pure."

On pages 507 and 508 of the same
bee-paper for 1890, the editor gives
an account of his experience with
these bees, and although they were
verjMrritable, he saj's " t\\&y resemble
very much the Carniolans we had on a
former occasion, which were im-
ported."

In the same periodical for 1890, on
page 498, the same writer, in speaking
of a colonj- of these bees that are very
gentle, good workers, and not dis-
posed to swarm, says: "I shall be
very glad to believe that the six or
seven colonies of these bees we have
tested heretofore, have not been a true
type of this race." If it requires the
testing of six or seven colonies, and a
part of these imported, to get one that
is typical (?) of the race, it cannot
be wondered at that Mr. Robinson

could see that ' ' his (Mr. .Shuck's) ac-
count shows it more than probable he
did not in fact 'purchase' a queen
that was a straight lineal decendant of
the Carniolan race of bees." Surely,
if there was money in this "game,"
Mr. Robinson has six or seven chances
to my one, of holding the winning
card.

Immediately upon the appearance of
my article on page 488, I received a
letter from one of Nevv York State's
most prominent honey-producers and
queen-breeders. The letter reads
thus :

"DeakSir: — I have read your article
on page 488 of the American Bee Jour-
nal, and wish to say that my experience
with Carniolaus has been very much the
same as yours, except I have only tested a
few colonies. I haVe had several imported
Carniolan queens (Benton's best grade),
during the past five or six years, and they
are behind the Italians every time exbept
in swarming."

While there have been quite a num-
ber of flattering reports concerning
these bees, reports in general point
positively to the fact that the Carnio-
lans have not anything like fixed char-
acteristics. The imported stock is not
at all gentle, and there are no marks
by which they can be distinguished
from a slight mixture of Italian and
black bees.

On page 93 of the American Bee
Journal for 1889, Dr. Morrison, in
describing these bees, says : "They
are of a dark gray color — not orange
like.'''' Mr. A. I. Root says that they
are steel blue ; others say crow black,
while we find in the advertising col-
umns of the Bee-Keepers' Beview, "Yel-
low-banded Carniolans ;" and this, too,
from one of the most prominent queen-
breeders in the country. Then comes
Mr. E. L. Pratt, in a recent issue of
the American Bee Journal, and says,
"' Purity ' should be the watch-word,
and I claim that the pure Carniolans
should show no yellow." •

The " impurity " dodge concerning
these bees, has been played ever since
they were brought prominently before
the public, and the time has come for
the demise of this injustice.

If queens bred in Carniola, and ex-
ported to this country, produce black,
blue and j-ellovv bees, queens feared
from this imported stock, will produce
bees of like colors. If a majority of
this imported stock proves to be only
fair to medium honey-gatherers, sub-
sequent generations from this imported
stock will do the same ; and if 90 per
cent, of this imported stock proves to
be excessive swarmers, their posterity
will do the same ; and any attempt to
cover up these facts through the dis-
guise of "impurity" is, to say the
least of it, a fraud.

If I purchase a select-tested queen
of anj' race of bees, I expect to get the

TH® MMBKICJEN BE® J&tjmnR.I^.

633

highest type of that race. I consider
it my privilege — nay, my duty — to test
such bees carefully, and compare re-
sults with such other bees as I may
have in my possession. This I have
done, and while, with the exception of
one colony, my experience has been
confined to a first cross resulting from
pure-bred Carniolan nueens mating
with Italian drones, I shall claim that
such a cross should not increase the
swarming tendencj', neither should it
make any perceptible ditlerence in the
hone3'-gathering ability as compared
with the pure stock.

I could not, under anj- circumstances,
have expected as poor results iu honey-
gathering qualities, had I bred the
same number of queens from the most
ordinary black queen iu the country,
and had them mated with Italian
stock, as I have obtained from the 25
mismated Carniolans in my apiary this
season.

These colonies were in an average
condition as compai'ed with my Ital-
ian colonies in the spring. Since May
15, the season has been all that could
have been desired for brood-reai'ing,
and iu spite of all that has been said
about the wonderful prolificness of
Carniolan queens, I have three or four
score of Italian queens that have
equaled the best of these Carniolan
queens for prolificness.

Although two of the Carniolan colo-
nies have not swarmed, I have over
100 per cent, of prime or first swarms
from the 25 Carniolan queen, and
some of them have had their heads
pinched so long that there are but very
few of the Carniolan-hjbrids to be
seen in the hive at present. Mis-
mated Italian queens have given less
than 50 per cent, of swarms, and pure
Italians have given but 40 per cent. ■

These Carniolan-hybrids are the first
bees I ever owned that would follow
me into the honey-house and try to
sting me after the door was shut. They
have attacked my neighbor while
plowing in the field in front of my
house. This field has been cultivated,
seeded and harvested for the past six
years without any trouble from the
bees. But these hybrids have driven
the plowman from the field, and he is
compelled to wait for a " cold day" to
finish his plowing. These hybrids can
be handled very nicely during very
warm weather, but as the weather
becomes cool, such as we had through
August, they are almost unmanage-
able. As it is impossible for the mass
of bee-keepers to keep any race of bees
without having a large per cent, of
mismated queens, this matter becomes
of serious import.

A gi-eat deal of nonsensical twaddle
is being indulged in by a number of
apicultural writers on various subjects,

but I know of no subject in wl'.ich this
twaddle has shown itself so plainlj- as
in the eft'ort to boom Carniolans on
account of their " early rising." No
better evidence i-ould be given of in-
stability and a lack of true worth.
Fidgety bees jici'er " get there" when
the real hai-vest comes. Very few
flowers j'ield nectar in cool weather,
and especially if it is cloud}-. Bees
that are hustling around in the "wet
and cold " are either very short of
stores, or else intent on plundering
other colonies of their honest toil, and
I have never found such colonies to be
valuable as honey-gatherers.

I have consulted three volumes of
Okanings and two volumes of the
American Bee Journal for reports
concerning Carniolan bees, and I fail
to find any figures to show that any
one has ever compared results of these
bees with the results obtained from
Italian or black bees in the isame
apiary. Such comparisons are neces-
sarj- to arrive at the true worth of the
Carniolans, and for any considerable
number of the bee-keepers of this
country to go to the expense of time
and money, together with the un-
pleasantness attending the introduc-
tion of Carniolan blood into their api-
aries that I have, is more than I pro-
pose to stand without entering a
severe protest.

I wish to saj' to the inexperienced
bee-keeper, that if he has bees that he
knows will gather honey when there
is honey to be gathered, the best thing
he can do is to take good care of his
bees. If he wants bees that are gen-
tle— bees that he maj' know are pure.
both by their appearance and actions —
just send to any reliable breeder of
Italian bees for a few tested queens ;
and, take my word for it, j'ou will not
be disappointed.

Liverpool. Ills.

SEASON OF 1890

Almost a Failure — Fall Crop IVot
Pruinising, etc.

Written for the American Dee Journal

BY W^ J. CDLLINAN.

Last 3'ear the prospects were poor in
the beginning, but the season proved
to be a very good one in this locality ;
this year the prospects were good in
the beginning, but failed to materialize,
and the season turned out to be the
poorest in many years. Our bees came
through the winter almost without
loss, and on April 1 the}' were as pop-
ulous as colonies usually are in the
middle of May. At that date, the
fruit-trees would shortl}- be coming
into bloom, the ground was carpeted
with white clover (our main source

for summer supplies), and, taken alto-
gether, the prospects were never bet-
ter for a good honey season.

But. alas ! how vain ofttimes are our
predictions ! The fruit-trees bloomed,
but owing to cool and windy weather
they yielded but little nectar, and con
sequently April proved a poor month
for the Ijees ; then came May — the
month of flowers — and we hoped that
things would change, but again we
were doomed to disappointment, for
May proved to be cooler and windier
than April, and ere the month had
far advanced, notwithstanding white
clover was blooming in profusion
eveiywhere, we were compelled to
feed our bees in order to prevent
actual starvation ; and this state of
things continued until the very last of
the month, when it turned warmer,
and clover began yielding a little
nectar.

Then came rosy June — the month of
all the months for bees ; the Sun shown
forth in all his splendor, the winds at
last had ceased their tireless, restless
roaming, the earth, where unmolested
by plow or hoe, was one vast sea of
pearly bloom — and it is needless to
add. that at last the bees were happy —
not less, their keepers.

But having actually gone back in
point of numbers during May. they
were in poor condition to take advan-
tage of the honey-flow when it came ;
so June was half gone before they got
started in the supers, and now we
soliloquized that the clover would last
four weeks longer, and we might still
obtain a fair crop of honey ; but, again
we prophesied iu vain, for on June 22,
a hot wave, unprecedented in this lati-
tude in twenty years, came down upon
us ; it lasted eight solid days, at the
end of which the clover was fairlj-
■ cooked." and the figures were made
for the bees ; they were small — one-
fifth of a crop — none did better, but
many worse, some obtaining no sur-
plus at all. So ended the summer sea-
son of IStlO.

The prospects for a fall crop are not
flattering, and I am forced to retract a
little from what I wrote on page 615,
by saying that the Spanish-needle is
not so plentiful in the -bottoms" as
at first supposed ; and owing to the
prevalence of northerlj- winds and cool
nights, both of which are unfavorable
to the secretion of nectar, the outlook
is not bright.

UNITING COLONIES OF BEES.

Owing to colonies dwindling badly
during April and May, we wei'e
obliged to double up quite a number
at the beginning of the honey-flow.
Our colonies stand in pairs, and where
two weak ones stood together, they
were both placed together in a new

634

T«© ffiiiiEKicMff mmm j&wmmmi^.

hive by alternating the frames, fifst
smoking the bees and jarring the hives
to get the bees to gorge themselves
with honey.

If I had no choice of queens the}"
were allowed to ■• fight it out." other-
wise I destroyed the poorest before
uniting. In a number of instances I
simply placed one hive on top of the
other, after smoking and jarring as
before, and the}' went together nicely.
The latter plan is much the easiest and
quickest, and I consider it equally as
good.

Where a weak colony and a strong
one stood together. I removed the
weak one to another part of the apiary
during the middle of the day, when
the honey was coming in, putting two
or three of the weak ones together, and
the same, or tlie ne.\t evening, they
were made into one colony, and the
surplus combs, if any. used for extract-
ing. By this plan the strong colonies
were made stronger, and enough of
the weak ones were put together to
make an average colony.

This uniting I consider the most
protitable work done in the apiarj' the
past season, for, without it we would
have obtained but very little honey.

ROBBING WHEN EXTRACTING.

To avoid robbing when extracting
at the close of the honey-flow, I use a
tent, and by throwing a bunch of grass
or weeds against the entrance, I can
return the combs as I proceed, without
fear of getting the bees started to
robbing.

Quinoy, Ills.. Sept. 3, 1890.

SWARMING.

A Description of an Automatic
Swarni-Hiver.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY F. D. LACY.

entirely through hive No. 2, in order
to reach their home. At first I re-
garded this as objectionable, but I
soon found that the delay of the bees
in traveling tlirough hive No. 2, was
more than made up by the warding oft'
of robbing bees, and the perfect
security of hive No. 1 from the spring
winds and stormy weather. The colo-
nies with hives so arranged have done
fully better than any others in the
yard. This is a point wherein experi-
ence is better than theory.

At the time of swarming, the queen-
excluding screen is to be adjusted,
which is quickly manipulated. It will
be seen that hive No. 2 becomes the
swarm-receiver, and no mistake about

As there are manj' desirous of
knowing the result of my experiments
with the swarm-hiver, I will endeavor
to describe it. A patent was granted
to me on this invention on August tJ,
1890.

It is a combination of two hives, as
represented in the illustration, without
the use of any front entrances, as
shown. Therefore the alighting-ljoard
and bee-entrance is at the orifice of
vacant hive (No. 2) which is provided
with a queen-excluding screen at the
time of swarming. The tube in the
engraving is represented too long.

The closing doors are so made as to
come entirely ofl', and allow the two
hives to come close together, and it
will be seen that the bees must pass

The season has been poor, but my
bees have done much better than any
others I hear of near here. One
swarm issued on June 16, and I took
from it 70 pounds of surplus comU
honey on July 28. I placed in the
upper seven brood-frames without
divisions, and each frame over-run
from IJ to 3 pounds. I would advise
to always use divisions. This was the
best yield of any in the yai'd, but some
of the others are doing quite well.

The golden-rod makes yellow hun-
dreds of acres of the forests near, and
that growing upon the low land is a
great honey-producing flower, but that
upon the high groimd is not so good.

Lake Co., Mich., Aug. 28, 1890.

C^

PATENTJ^^, APPLIED

FOR

OCCUPIED
No. 1.

VACANT
Ho. I

Automatic Swarni-Eiver.

it in all first swarms. But in second
swarms it might sometimes fail, in
case they issue with a virgin queen, as
the queen is sometimes so small that
she will pass through the meshes of
the queen-excluder. But as second
swarms should never be allowed to
issue, except in view of increase, this I
regard as no objection.

When the swarm issues into the
swarm-receiver, it is often the case
that the workers will swarm entirely
out into the air, but owing to the fact
that the queen and drones remain in
hive No. 2, the swarm will soon clus-
ter upon the side of hive No. 2, and
over the entrance, at which time the
two hives should be disconnected, and
the opposite orifice of hive No. 2
closed, and the alighting-board placed
at the entrance of hive No. 1, where
the tube entrance is shown.

It needs no argument to show that
this device is a success. M}' experi-
ence has proven it in every case on
first swarms, but I have failed in three
or four cases with second swarms, for
the reason already given.

I commenced last spring with 34
colonies, two of which were queenless,
that I doubled in with others, leaving
32. They increased to 98, after which
I doublecl them down to but 74 colo-
nies.

GOLDEN-ROD.

It Yields Honey — Entrances to
Chaif Hives.

Written for the American Bee Jov/mal

BY C. GERE.

I was surprised to see the answers
to Query 726, that bees do not work
on golden-rod. Here it never fails
when the weather is suitable for bees
to work. In some seasons it is our
main dependence for winter stores, and
this season is one of them, as we have
had aver}' poor season, and many col-
onies are in a starving condition now.

Three years ago I commenced pick-
ing grapes on the first day of Septem-
ber, and picked until the middle of
October, and in all this time the bees
were so busy on golden-rod that they
never came on the grapes to bother in
the least, until we had two frosts, and
then the last two or three days there
wore plenty of bees on the grapes.

We have two kinds of golden-rod
here — one we call the "square top,"
which is very early, and grows about
two-thirds as high as the late kind, the
blossoms running up somewhat in the
shape of a corn-tassel. In favorable
weather it is as alive with bees as I
ever saw them on buckwheat. There

•rmm rn'mmmi^mm mmm j&vimnmt^.

G35

are so many different kinds that I
would suggest that eacli one send sam-
ples of golden-rod while now in blos-
som to Prof. Cook, that we may de-
termine which are the best kinds for
honey.

In regard to F. E. Merriam having a
patent on entrances to chaff hives. I
would say that I have used one ever
since chaff hives were known. At that
time I had a good siipph- of boxes
which I had received witli fruit trees
and plants, so I used them as fol-
lows :

The bottom-board to my hives ex-
tend out about 6 inches in front of the
hive ; this being nailed to two pieces
of 2x4 scantling. I would take a bot-
tom-board, place it in the box with the
front end close up to the front side of
the box. and then make an entrance
through the front side of the box, on
a level with the bottom-board. Then
put the hive on the bottom-board in
the box, and if you want a 3-inch
space between the box and hive, take
a piece of board that wide, and one
inch or more longer than you want the
entran,ce ; nail to the under side of this
board cleats three-eighths of an inch
thick, place this between the hive and
box to correspond with the entrance
of each, then crowd the hive up to it,
and put in the packing. This makes
an entrance so that the bees can Hy
whenever the weather is suitable. It
keeps out the wind, besides. As every
part of the hive is packed, you will of
course have to nail a piece on the out-
side of the box for the bees to alight
on.

East Springfield, Pa.

CANADA.

Report of the Haldimantl, Ont.,
Bee-Convciition.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY E. C. CAMPBELL.

The Haldimand, Ont, Bee-Keepers'
Association met at the Town Hall in
Cayuga. Ont., on Friday, Aug. 29,
1890. The minutes of the last meet-
ing were read and approved.

REPORT OF THE SEASON.

Col. in Col. in Lbs. Lbs
T,, „.„ , „ Spring. F.ill. Ext. Comb.

•Ja". Armstrong UO J6U -J.-dm rhi

Jas.Jiicli.. 37 B7 !,„„,,

Israel Ovorholt 05 35 ,,,5,, ,5„

f. Mehlenbacher 25 40 900

J. H. Best 26 48 8(10 200

^•v.'^'u'f ■■* '" aSU 51)

John Bell 13 21*

Alex. Stewart " 1 5 35 ..,

Kobt. (overdale 4(1 89 900

D.H.Hieh fi J.) 51,11 ].,

B.C.Campbell 14 32 i,ki«i ,,5.",

HughKose -22 40 70.1

{•rank Kose.. 76 I4U 3,liX) 150

Henry Smith 4 9 oiju

PREPABINO BEES FOR WINTER.

Mr. Kindreo said he wintered his
bees in double-walled hives on the
summer stands. He first made sure
that each colony had a queen and
plenty of food, crowded the bees on as
few frames as possible, and put a thick
cushion on top of the frames.

Mr. G. B. Jones advocated taking
all the honey from the bees, and then
killing them, buying new colonies in
the spring. For those who packed
their bees he recommended the use of
hair-felt. He said it was very neces-
sary to have young bees instead of old
ones, as old ones eat more honey than
young ones ; and gave two plans of
getting rid of all old bees, the one he
preferred being to cage the queen dur-
ing the month of August, so that she
could not lay, than releasing her, and

all the bees reared after that would be

young.

Mr. Jack puts his hives in a clamp

packed with sawdust, and has very

little trouble in wintering.

M. Bell wintered his bees in a cellar,

and never lost a colony. He put them

in at the first frost, and took them out

when the willows were in bloom.
Mr. Armstrong winters his bees in

double-walled hives and in clamps.

with an abundance of packing on top.

and all around the hives. He did not

like clover chaff for packing, as it had

a tendency to heat, and make the bees

uneasy.

Mr. Mehlenbacher packed his bees

in the same way as Mr. Armstrong, and

succeeded very well.

HOW TO PREPARE HONEY FOR MARKET.

C01MVEi\TI0\ DIRECTOR!.

1890. Time (ind place of meeting.

Sept. 20.-Capital, at SprinKfleltl. Ills.

C. E. Yocom, Sec, Sherman, III.

Oct. 8.— S. W. Wisconsin, at Plattevillc, Wis.

a. Rice, Sec, Boscobel, Wis.

Oct. 10, 11.-Union.at Hamilton, Ills.

Daniel Shank, Sec, Clayton, Ills.

Oct. I.'i.-Central .MlchiRan. at Lansing, Mich.

W. A. Barnes, Sec. Lansing, Mich.

Oct. 29-31.— International American, at Keokuk. la.
C. P. Dadant, Sec, Hamilton, lila.

Oct. 30.— Turkey Hill, at Wildernians sta.. Ills.

A. Fehr, Sec. Belleville, Ills.

Jan. 1.— Michigan State, at Detroit, Mich.

H. D. Cutting. Sec, Clinton, Mich.

In order to have this table complete.

Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — The Editor.

Mr. Kindree said that for home
trade he used the self-sealing glass
jars, and thought they were the best.

Mr. G. B. Jones said the bO-pound
can was the best package for shipping,
but for the home market there was
nothing better than the self-sealing
glass jars. For comb honey he ad-
vocated the 12-section crate, as it was
easier to handle, and not so liable to
be damaged in shipping as the larger
ones. He also impressed upon the
meeting the necessity of giving direc-
tions on each package concerning
granulated honey, and how to liquify it.

Mr. Armstrong had used for a num-
ber of years the 12-section crate, made
of light wood, and for extracted honey
he used the bO-pound tin. For home
use he preferred small glass jars with
a screw top.

After a short time was spent in gen-
eral conversation on a number of
matters of interest to the Association,
the convention adjourned until even-
ing, to hear Prof. G. B. Jones' lecture
on ■• The Honey-Bee."

E. C. Campbell. Sec.

International Bee-Association.

President— Hon. K. L. Taylor.. Lapeer. Mich.
Secretary— C. P. Dadaut Hamilton, Ills.

National Bee-Keepers' Union.

President— James Heddon ..Dowag-iac, Mich
Sec'y. and Manager— T. G. Newman, Chicago

Uf

mtrx^

Four Ooose Effgs.

I expected to be able to report 4,000
pounds of honey this fall, but four goose
eggs represents my crop— 0 0 0 0. There
is no honey on the market here. This part
of Iowa has the poorest crop of honey I
have seen in 1 5 years' experience. All the
other crops are good, however, and farmers
wear the broadest smiles of any class of
people. Just think of It ! A farmer buys
a piece of prairie for .$10 per acre ; breaks
it up in the spring, and sows it to flax on
the breaking ; gets 10 to 13 bushels per
acre ; sells it for .§1.20 per bushel, and pays
for his land with the first crop ! Why
shouldn't the farmer be happy i But bee-
keepers—my ! If you could see our elon-
gated countenances ! Eugene Secor.

Forest City, Iowa, Sept. 1, 1890.

Ilee-Keepins: in IVcbraska.

I have been appointed bee-inspector for
York county, Nebr. We have organized
a county bee-association, our county hav-
ing over aOO bee-keepers in it keeping a
few bees, but we find that very few take a
bee-paper. The arrangements tor the State
Fair are good, superintended by Mr. Whit-
comb, of Friend, Nebr. We have nearly a
failure in the honey crop in this part of
Nebraska so far, but we will probably get
enough fall honey to keep the bees over
winter. R. R. Ryan.

Bradshaw, Nebr., Sept. 1, 1890.

E.vplsi nation.

On page 507 I mentioned that A. F.
Stauffer & Co. had failed to send me a
queen. They have now sent me a queen
all right. It was not my intention to class
A. F. Stauffer & Co. with Mr. Gray, as
swindlers. The fact that Messrs. Stauffer
& Co. were behind with their orders, shows
that they do a large business.

W. P. Favlor."

St. Bernice, Ind., Aug. 28, 1890.

636

^-rHE; SMERIC'MK BE:® JO-^MEfMI^.

Classilication ot Uoney-Plants.

I would like to kuow the botanical classi-
fication of the following honey-plants: 1.
Rocky-Mountain bee plant. 3. Simpson
houej'-plant. 3. Chapman honey-plant. I
wish to see if they are not natives of this
latitude. Dr. Wji. B. Caupesteh.

Leavenworth, Kans.

[1. Bocky-Mountain bee-plant {Cleoinc
Inttgrifolia) is a near relative of the
spider-plant. 2. Simpson honey-plant or
flgwort (Scrofularia Nodosa) is variously
known assquare-stalk,heal-all, Carpenter's-
square, rattle-weed, etc., the name indicat-
ing some of its peculiarities, or real or
supposed valuable medical properties. 3.
Chapman honey-plant (Echinops Sphccro-
flcp/iaZu.s) was introduced in 1886 by the
late Mr. H. Chapman, of Versailles, N. Y.—
Ed.1

iHallierinsT t^ome Honey.

My bees have done far better than the
reports I hear from many other bee-keep-
ers. I have 44; colonies, and I did not have
to feed them anything during the whole
summer, but they seem to have their hives
well filled, and have gathered about 700
pounds of surplus honey. When the
weather permits them to be out, they seem
to be very busy gathering honey.

I. (jr. Olssox.

St. Paul, Minn., Aug. 23, 1890.

Results of tlie Season so Par.

I commenced last spring with 2 strong
colonies of bees, and have increased them
to 9. They have now about 30 pounds
each of good honey to winter on. I got
about 25 pounds of surplus honey, mostly
extracted, for which I received 10 cents a
pound ; for comb honey 15 cents. I clipped
the queen's wings, which I think is a good
way, as we then will have no runaway
swarms. The honey crop is very light here.
Basswood did not yield much, and white
•clover very little. R. M. Tolebrotex.

Barber, Wis., Sept. 5, 1890.

Honey I'roni Fall I'lowers.

I send you a sample of honey taken on
Aug. 11 ; it granulated in one week after
extracting. I am at a loss to know just
from what source it came, as wild cuc'um-
.ber, blue vervaiu, sensitive-plant (called by
some '• partridge pea") were in bloom at
the time it was gathered.

W. H. Martin.

Elkhorn, Nebr., Aug. 26, 1890.

[The sample of honey was received dur-
ing our absence. It is light amber in color,
and of decidedly mild and jjleasant flavor.
It is doubtless a mixture of various fall
flowers, no particular flavor predominat-
ing.— Ed.]

<tnalities ot'tlie 4'^amiolans.

As many are praising the Carniolan race
of bees, I want to give both sides, so that
should any one try this race of bees they
will know what to expect.

Good qualities : The pure stock is quite
gentle, good comlj builders, non robbers,
quiet in winter, hiiild up early, and swarm
early ; are good honey-gatherers, enter
surplus cases readily, cap their comb
white, use little projiolis, stay where you
put them well in formiug nuclei ; cling to

the combs well, but are easily shaken off ;
and are the best defenders of their homes I
ever saw. The queens are very prolific,
and the colonies are always ready for a
honey flow. My best colony stored 72 one-
pound sections, and built 16 Heddon
frames of comb from starters V2'-inch wide.
The best Italian colony stored 90 pounds of
extracted honej', but built no combs.

Bad qualities : The queens continue to
lay through the dry season, using up sur-
plus honey ; young queens will fill all
drone-combs with drones, and them not
six weeks old ; they rear lots of brood all
through the season, and swarm late. A
colony will generally swarm six weeks
after the first swarm in spring, although
I have had Italians do so this year. The
mismated stock are worse about swarming
than the pure stock. Mismated Caruiolans
are easier to handle than hybrid Italiaus,
but are not as good workers. All swarms
were hived on empty frames with starters
};J-inch wide. I think that we will be able
to overcome the swarming of the Caruio-
lans, and then what bees we will have !

Unionville, Mo. E. F. Qciuley.

<j>ood Honey Cro]>.

The honey season is about closed here,
and a large amount of honey has been
gathered. The quality is good. The aver-
age has been about 100 pounds per colony,
spring count. We have had no foul brood
in this section yet, and I hope that we will
not have any. The bees will go into winter
quarters in good condition.

H. E. ExiiLisn.

Greeley, Colo., Sept. 5, 1890.

Mountain Mint or Basil.

Please give the botanical name of the
enclosed plant. It is one of the best honey-
plants to be found in this section of the
country. G. B. Rei'IjOgle.

Centerville, Iowa, Aug. 28, 1890.

By request, Prof. Clarence M. Weed re-
plies to the above as follows :

The plant is a mountain mint, sometimes
oalled "basil" — a species of Pyenan-
tlienuim, and, so far as can be judged,
without a more perfect specimen, it is P.
incanum. — Clarence M. Weed.

Proa:re.«s in Apiculture.

There is no subject that is of more gen-
eral interest to the bee-keeper than the
educational facilities that we have at hand
in the American Bee Journal. This is an
age of advancement, and when one im-
provement in bee-culture follows another
in such rapid succession, so that even the
newspaper men have to stay up nights to
keep up with the times — then it is that we
realize and appreciate the fact that we are
living in the Nineteenth Centurj', and in
a very practical age— an age of wonderful
achievements. This life seems short, at
best, and it is plain to be seen that our sub-
stantial bee-men and women are taking a
very practical view of the situation bj^
keeping up with the spirit of progress.

Buffalo, N. Y. J. W. Tefi-t.

A I>'ice I'oelf et ■>ictionary will be

given as a i>remium for only ont.^ new
subscriber to this Journal, with $1.00. It
is a splendid little' Dictionary — just the
right size for the pocket. Every school boy
and school girl, as well as everybody else,
should own and use it. Price, 3S cents.

ai.fre:i> h. r«Ewi»iAr«,

BUSINESS MANAGER.

rzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzxxzzzzzz]

gxtsincss Notices.

F^" Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should notify us at once.

^^" Send us 0716 neiv subscription, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

1^" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

1^" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this ofiice at 25 cents per ounce, by express.

J^W Send us two new subscriptions, with
$2.00, and we will present you with a
" Globe " Bee-Veil for your trouble. (See
the fuller notice in the advertising col-
umns.)

It^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

1^'" Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

pg" Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jour-
nal at $1.85 for the two; or with both our
Home Journal and Bee Journal for $2.25
for all three papers.

J^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write American Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save contusion and delaj".

It^" Systematic work in the Apiai-y will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For 50 colonies (120 papres) $100

" 100 colonies (220 pajres) 1 25

•' 200 colonies 1420 pages) 1 50

J^~When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you wUl oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

It^" A "Binder" made especially for
the American Bee Journal, and lettered
in gold, makes a very convenient way of
preserving the copies of the Bee Journal
as fast as they are received. We offer it,
postpaid, for 60 cents ; or as a premium for
two new subscriptions, with $2.00. It can-
not be mailed to Canada.

TH® MBdEFlCMK BE® J©13R1SRI,.

637

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

CHICAGO, Sopt. 10.— HoTii-y liiis sold well of
late. cUs|iite Ihc higher r!in;;e of prices— 17((>i
18c being- 1 lie value of while comb In 1-pound
sections, iind sells upon aiiivul; the weather
teiDg- cool, a brisk trade is now being expe-
rienced. Extracted also sells cjuickly at 7@8c
in barrels and cases, tfupjilj- fair.

K. A. BURNETT, 101 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, Sept. 5.— Demand for comb
honev continues pood, but supply light. We
quote : White 1-lbs., 15@16c.; 'i-lbs., l,3@14c.
Dark 1-lbs., i;i@14c.; 2-lbs., I';«jil3c. White
extracted, 7c. ; dark, 5@Gc. Iteeswax, No.l, 25c
CLEMONS, MASON At CO.,

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

CHICAGO, Sept. 10.— New honey arriving
very slowly, demand active, and all receipts
are "taken promptly. We quote: White clover
1-lbs.. 16@18c.: 2-lbs., 14@15c.; dark 1-lbs.,
ll@12c; 2-lbs., 9@10c. Extracted meets with
quick sale, values ranging from 6'/i®7!4 cts.,
depending upon quality and style of package.
Beeswax, 28©30c.

S. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, Sept. 11.— Demand for comb
honey is larger than the receipts. We quote:
White 1-lbs., 16c.; 2-lbs., 14c. Dark 1-lbs. 13c.;
2-lbs., 12c. Extracted, white, 7c. ; dark, o®6c.
No beeswax on the market.

HAMBLIN & BEAKSS, 514 Walnut St.

DETROIT, Sept. 10.— Comb honey is selling
at 14@16c; very little in the market. Extrac-
ted, 7@8c. Beeswax, 26c for good.

M. H. HUNT, BeU Branch, Mich.

CINCINNATF, Sept. 8.— Honey of all kinds
is scarce. There is almost no comb honey in
this city. But what is of greater importance
is. that we have hardly enough extracted
honey to supply our manufacturing custom-
ers. The "hold-on" doctrine is bad policy, as
we are sure to be overstocked again about
Christmas time. Such has been the case gen-
erally, and is likely to repeat itself in a great
countr.v like ours. Choice comb honey would
bring 15®16c. Extracted brings 5@8c. Bees-
wax is in good demand at 24®2f.)C for good to
choice yellow.

C. F. MUTH & SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

I»osters for the American Bee Journal,
printed in two colors, will be sent free to
all who can use them. They are handsome,
and will " set off " an exhibit at Fairs. It
will tell bee-keepers how to subscribe, for
"Subscriptions Received Here" is quite
prominent at the bottom.

We will also send sample copies of the
Bee Journal, for use at Fairs, if notified a
week or ten days in advance where to send.

Xrial Sii1>scribei-!>. — In order to get
as many as possible to read the American
Bee Journal, we will take Trial Subscrib-
ers from the time the subscription is
received until the end of 1890 for 25 cents
each. Or for any one sending us -51.00 for
1891, we will give the numbers for this
year/i-ee from the time the subscription is
received at this office — so the sooner they
subscribe the more they will get for the
money.

Uee-Keeping tor Profit, by Dr.

G. L, Tinker, is a new 50-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted honey, and the construction of
the hive best adapted to it— his "Nonpareil."
The book can be had at this office for 25
cents.

CATARRH.

CATARRHAL DEAFNESS-HAY FEVER.
A New Home Treatment.

Sufferers are not generally aware that
these diseases are contagious, or that they
are due to the presence of living parasites
in the lining membrane of the nose and
eustachian tubes. Microscopic research,
however, has proved this to be a fact, and
the result of this discovery is that a simple
remedy has been formulated whereby
catarrh, catarrhal deafness and hay fever
are permanently cured in from one to three
simple applications made at home by the
patient once in two weeks.

N. B. — This treatment is not a snuff or an
ointment; both have been discarded by
reputable phj-sicians as injurious. A
pamphlet explaining this new treatment is
sent free on receipt of stamp to pay pos-
tage, by A. H. Dixon & Son, 337 and 339
West King Street, Toronto, Canada. —
Christum Advocate.

Sufferers from Catarrhal troubles should
carefully read the above.
50E26t Imly.

All '**'lio Subscribe for the Ameri-
can Bee Journal can hereafter have our
Illustrated Home Journal also, from the
time their subscriptions are received to
Jan. 1. 1892— both papers for only §1.35.
We can also furnish Oleanings in Bcc-
Culture for a year with the above for
$2.15 for all three periodicals This is an
offer that should be accepted by all who
keep bees, and desire the regular visits of
these standard publications.

■landllns' Itees. — This is the title of
a nice pamphlet containing 28 pages and a
cover, published by, Chas. Dadant & Son.
It Is a chapter from their book, Langstroth
Revised, and is an excellent thing for be-
ginners. Price, 8 cts. For sale at this office.

^dvicvtiscmciits.

UTIATIO^' OFFEREO^:^''-'^ ™-"""'*"^^

SlilJAIilfll I'l'l'mililf wood-worker, who
thoroughly understands the manufacture
of liEE-HivKs, Sections, etc. Address, with
references, W. H. Putnam, River Falls, Wis
38Atf

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Send 25c-

For my Book of Discovery

and Invention,

I Xbe Queen Kestrlctor

Address,
C W. DAVTOV, - Clintou, Wis.
38Alt

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Prices Reduced.

tJELECT TESTED QUEENS, $1.2.5. Warran-
to ted Queens, 75 cents— 6 for .W.OO. Make
Money Orders payable at Nicholasville, Ky.
14Ett J. T. WILSON, Little Hickman, Ky.
Mention th^ American Bee Journal.

^Ei!iiith^E(litionT.Jnstvi'iil)lisli('(l^

t^

:\c\v aiKl Revised Ktlition

BEES '£ HONEY,

OH THE

Management of the Apiary

• FOR PLEASURE AND PROFIT

THOMAS G. NEWMAN,

Editor oj the American Bee Journal.

This edition has been largely re-written,
thoroughly revised, and is "fuUv tip with the
times" in all the improvements and inventions
in this raiiidly-developing pursuit, and presents
the apiarist with everything that can aid in
the successful management of an apiary, and
at the same time produce the most hone.v in
an attractive condition. It contains 250
pages and 245 illustrations — is beautifully
printed in the highest style of the art, and
bound in cloth, gold lettered. Price, $1.00—
postpaid.

Liberal Discount to dealers, by the dozen
or hundred.

THOMAS G. ITEWMAN & SOIT,
246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

This new edition of our Bees and
Honey will be given as a Premium for only
tliree new ssiibi^cribers, with $3.00 ;
or clubbed with this Journal for 81.75.

HANDLING BEES

APAMPHliET, treating of the taming
and handling of bees. Just the thing for
beginners. It is a chapter from *^'rhe Hive
and Hoiiey-Bee, revised." Price, 8 cts.
Advice to beginners. Circulars, &c., free.

CHAS. DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ills
Mention the American Bee Journal.

Extra Thin Comb Foundation.

lu 25-Fonn(l Boxes.

WE CAN now furnish the Van Deasen
Extra'-Thin Flat-Bottom Foundation
put up in 25-lb. Boxes, in sheets 16VJx28
inches, at $13.75 per box. 12 ft. to the lb.
fW The above ie a special offer, and is a
Barsain to all who can use that quantity.

All orders for any other quantity than
exactly 25 lbs. (or its multiple) will be filled
at the regular price— 65 cents per lb.

THOS. G. NEWOTAN A: SON,

246 East Madison Street. - CHICAGO. ILL.

UMi

WILL BUY.

'' I will close out my Apiary
, . over 100 Colonies of Bees in
fine condition, at $3 per Colony
—good Colonies, good Hives, with enough hon-
ey to winter on. Address,
■ 34Atf J. A. KING, Mankato, minn.

Muth's Honey Extractorp

Perfection Gold-Blast Smokers,

SQUARE GLASS UOMET-JARS, et«.

For Circulars,, apply to

CH^KLES F. BfVTB db SON,

Cor. Freeman &. Central Aves.. CINCINNATI, O.

P. 8.— Bend inc. for Practical Hints to Bee-Eeepere.

Mention the AmeiHcan Bee Journal.

BEESWAX WANTED.

BeesM'ax.— We will pay 33 cents per

pound, in Cash, tor Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
ered here.

Jt^~ To avoid mistakes, the name of the
shipper should always be on each package.

THOS. G. NEWIQAN &. .SON,
246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

638

'Tmm MMEKIC'MIf BE© JQ^KHMIr.

CHOICE

I II II II II II

I II II II II II II II

HONEY

FOR SALE

CHEAP

Address,

JAMES HEDDON, Dowagiac, Mich.

Scientific (|iieeii-Reariiig

as PBACTICA1,I.Y APPLIED;

Being a Metbod by which the very best of

Queen-Bees are reared in perfect accord

with Nature's Way ; by

G. M. DOOLITTLE.

In this book the author details the results
of bis Experiments in Rearing Queen-Bees for
the past four or five years, and is the first
to present his discoveries to Ihe^World.

Bouud inCloth-176 pages-Price, $1.00,
postpaid ; or, it will be Clubbed with ^the
American Bee Journal one year, for $1. ,o—
with the Illustrated Home Journal f or $r^o ;
or the two Journals and the Book tor ?2.00.

THOS. G. NEWMAN A: SON,
246 Bust Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Bee -Hives, Sections, &;c.

On and after Feb. 1, 1800, we will sell our
No 1 V-"Toove Sections in lots of oOO as fol-
lows- lIjss than 2,000 at $3. .50 per thousand;
2 000 to 5,000 at S.'J.OO per thousand. Write
for special prices on larger quantities. No. -
Sections $2.00 per thousand. Send tor Price-
List for other Supplies. Address,

J. STAUFFER & SONS,
(Successors to B. J. Miller & Co.)

:ilAtf NAPPANEE, IND.

PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION

HAS NO SAG IN BKOOD FBAITIES.

THIN FLAT BOTTOM FOUNDATION

Hai!. no Fl!»li-bone in Surplus Honey.

BeinK the cleanest is usuiilly worked

the quickest ut" any Foundation made.

J. VAN DEIISEN A: SONS,

Sole Manufacturers.

Sprout Brook, Montgomery Co., N. Y.

lAtf

lldUdU "Ut"llN Te'sted, Sl.OO each.
Untested, 60 cts. each, or four for $2.00.
.•',4Atf GOOD BBOS., NAPPANEE, Ind.

I HAVE COME

To say to the readers of the Bee Jouknal that you can get
Italian Bees and Queens from the

KMCRERBOCKER BEE-FARM,

By Beturn ITIail or Express, at the following prices:

Each. Per ^i doz. Per doz.

Virgin Queens $ .40 $2.00 $ .3.50

CTnlested Queens 1.00 5.00 9.00

Tested Queens

1.00....
.... 1.50....

7.00.

13.00

30Etf

One-pound of Bees, $1.00; 5 lbs. or more, 75c per pound_
Two-frame Nucleus, $2.00. Special Bates on large orders.
Circular and Calendar free. Address.

G. 11. MICKERBOCKER, Pine Plains, t Y.

When answering this advertisement, mention this Joubnau

Square |^oney Qans

Shipping Orates i

WE MAKE THEM NEAT AND CHEAP.
WRITE FOR PRICES.

C3-. 13. XjEI^'^VIS Sc go.

SoAtf Watertoivn, Wis.

Mention the American Bee JounwJ-

The above illustration shows the 00 pound
Squake Honey Cans which are becoming
quite popular for shipping extracted honey.
They are enclosed in
a £olid case of wood,
and the boxes contain
cither one or two Cans
as may be preferred.

We can furnish them
at the following prices,
with a ];^-inch Screw
Cap in the corner of
each Can.

For the convenience
of digging out candied
honey, we can furnish
,.,,^ these Cans with an

additional four-inch Screw Cap for S cents
extra on each Can.

1 Single Can .... (boxed) S .45

13 ° Cans... " 5.00

100 " " ... " 40.00

1 box of two Cans 75

12 boxes " fi'-lO

100 " " 65.00

THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Tiie Honey Almanac

TUST* the thine needed to create a demand for
HONEY at home. Bee-lieepera should scatter
it freely It shows the uses of Honey for Medicine
Katinil. DrlnkinB, Cookina. for making Cosmetics
Vinegar, etc.; also uses of BEK8WAX. Price, a cts.;
21 coDies for ll.io ; 5o copies. tl.TO: 7.5 copies, »2..i0i
PKifor »2.9<i. The forCKOinB are I-OSTPAID pnces:
followinK are prices when sent by express or freiBht;
ino lor «2 .Vi : .icHifor »l(l.l»); l.i«»l lor »15.(m. The
Bee-Keeper's CARD will be printed on the tlrst page
without extra cost, when 2h or more are ordered at
one time. Address,

THOS. G. XEIVMAN & SON,
246 East Madison St.. - CHICAGO. ILL.

Choicest Italian

mm !

September, 1889. N
Send for Price-List,

Purely bred — Purely

MATED. Won first prem-
ium over all competitors
at Buffalo International,
ONE Better in America 1
Order early.

Great reduction in price. Former prices
superseded. Select tested, $1.50; Tested, 75c.
Five Apiaries to draw from. Can ship by re-
turn mail in any quantity.

E- ID- I^EElSTEl^Sr,

Importer and Breeder,

.33Att

.-^-

eiES AND HGNEV

i. h<.np«

I I

■taile'i Slroncist, 14cRt :
•it fJKE-Ul VT;: r-r all i.i.rpos-

VlinilV.

Ivapcc&t ISec-lIive fr'ae-
] torj In the World for sample cm .v . r
l<«leiinlMffs In Bee Culture (agi iHu^-

itMi iii-moDtlilv). and n 44 p- ill"*-

r It 1 :ita;ocue "of Ket'-Kccpcrs'

<*upplleA. Our A It C ol" lipo 4"lll-

' tUTL 1 I :yc!ope'iifi of 400 pp., 0\IO. and

^yy cuts, rncc in cloth, f 1,'^.i C-J* Mrjition

fihia paper. A- I. ROOT, Medina, O.

Mention the American Bee Journal,

SPECIAL DISCOUNT

ON HIVES.

IN order to keep our factory runninpr during
the fall and winter months, we will make
a discount of 10 per cent, on all orders for
Hives received before Jan. 1, 1891, and after
that date, until March 1, we will make a dis-
count of 5 per cent, from our Catalogue
prices.

The experience of the last season should
prompt every bee-keeper to have his supply of
Hives, etc., on band before the season com-
mences, and avoid the rush.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street.

CHICAGO, ILL.

LOOK HERE !

TESTED Italian Queens, SI. 00 each;
Untested, 7.")C. ; 12-pQjind Shipping Cases
in flat, per 100, $6.00 ; 2.\9 glass for same, per
100,70c.; per 500, $3.00. Price-List free.

Address. J. M. KINZIE.

20Aly ROCHESTER. Oakland Co., MICH.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

WE have had splendid success this season.
We believe we have filled all orders up to
date, and can now send Carniolau A: Italian
Queens bj return mail, providing you do not
all order at once. We shall have about 100
of those Beautiful Vellow Carniolan
Queens ready to ship during September— a
new strain of bees possessing all the desirable
points of Carniolans, with color added. Price
of all Queens, $1.00 each, by mail.

E. L. PRATT, PRATT BEE-FARM,

3Atf Marlboro, Mass.

T'HiK mimmmicnn mbm ji&ismmsii*.

643

r-*:^-*-«iA^A^>*^A^^

.-^^^ /■;'^; V

THOS. G . NKWWATv f<j SON,

^^^^^^^^^i^'^^iS^

EDITOR.

Vol, mi, Sept, 27, 1890. No, 39.

Fall Flowers have been blooming
nicely, but the weather has been too cool
for the bees to gather much honey from
them. The crop is short — very short — not
only of white honey, but of the darker,
from fall flowers. Prices should be good.

Mr. L. fi. Reed, at Kent, O., while
we were there last month, called our atten-
tion to the best honey-producer that was
then blooming in his vicinity. He procured
a large branch for as, and desired to have
its name mentioned in the American Bee
Journal. It is one of the balsam family —
theimpnticns Noli-me-tangere. It is also
called "touch-me not," because to squeeze
it, even gently, causes the "pod" to col-
lapse. It produces both pollen and honey.

Xlie Rev. K... I^. l.,aus;!«troth is

improving in health, as will be seen by the
following quoted from a letter just re-
ceived from his daughter, Mrs. Anna L.
Cowau, dated at 9^8 Steele avenue, Day-
ton, Ohio :

Mr. Thomas G. Newman— Dear Friend;—
You will, I am sure, be glad to hear of the
improvement in my father's health. He is
yet very far from being well, but "the
dark cloud " of sorrow and disease is much
lightened ; and I am not without hope that
it may soon pass away, leaving him once
more bright and happy, and able to enjoy
life.

We know that our readers will be very
glad to learn that our esteemed friend
Langstroth has even partially recovered
from his malady, which has for such a long
time had almost complete mastery over
him. Of course there have been a few
seasons when he has, for a short time, at
least, had some little relief from the dis-
ease. We hope how that the "head
trouble " will return again no more.

This news about Father Langstroth will
be moat welcome to all our readers.

Ilotv Hlriin;;;e it is that tliose who
copy articles from other papers cannot do
so without perverting them. On page
471 we published an essay by Mr. H. F.
Moore, which was read before the Ohio
State Convention. Mr. Moore took strong
grounds against the repetition of the
Wiley lie, about the manufacture of comb
honey, and said : "No greater curse to
the bee-keepers of our land can be im-
agined than the much-written-about Wilej'
lie." He clearly showed that it was a
myth, and that it was a great curse for
local papers to copy items about it, and
thus give some color to the Wiley lie.

Now comes the Orange Judd Fanner of
last week, and on page 162 it copied Mr.
Moore's essay, and inserted sub headings
in full-face type, one of which reads :
" Manufactured Honey is on the Market."
This is in direct opposition to the tenor of
the article, and the views of the writer !
To make it still more offensive, the Farmer
changes one of Mr. Moore's sentences to
this: "To be plain, the general public is
perfectly aware that lots of manufactured
honey is on the market."

The sentence is garbled ! Mr. Moore did
not use the words "perfectly aware" at
all ! The rest of the sentence was used
simply to state the fallacy of the blind
belief of the general public, and to show
how they " hedged " when asked for proof,
and admit that it was their fjuess, or a cur-
rent report. Instead of being based upon
their knowledge.

The Orange Judd Farmer will, no doubt,
be glad to make the correction as soon as
Mr. Judd sees this item.

Mr. A. C. Xyrrel, of Madison, Nebr.,
asks us to say in the Bee Journal "what
amount is to be paid, and what steps are
necessary to be taken to procure medals
awarded at the Paris Exposition." We are
sorry to say that we know nothing more on
the subject than is found on page 312 of
the Bee Journal. This we do know, that
medals awarded in Europe are very seldom
obtained by those to whom they are
awarded. We were awarded one eleven
years ago in Austria, but haye not yet re-
ceived it. The Department of Agriculture
may be able to give some information on
the Paris awards.

I»r. A. If. Mason judged the "farm-
ers'products " at the Ohio State Fair last
week, including the honey exhibit. As the
Toledo Exposition was held at the same
time as the Michigan State Fair, he was
obliged to decline to serve at the latter,
though he had served as judge for it for
five years.

Xhose Wlio Have any honey to
dispose of should use the Honey Almanac
as a salesman. We have a few left for this
year, and offer them at half price. See
page 655 of this paper.

Witle FranteK. — Mr. F. I). Lacy de-
sires to call attention to the following
correction of an error in bis article, which
appeared on page 634 of last week :

In my communication in the AiiEiircAN
Bee Journal, on page 634, by mistake it
reads that "I placed in the upper (of a
certain hive referred to; seven brood-
frames." It should read seven broad
frames, and I should have added, "each
containing eight section-boxes."

The public would think that I very much
exaggerate, to say that I took 70 pounds
of comb honey from seven /^rood-frames,
and regard me as not a very excellent bee-
keeper to do it in that way. Why I more
particularly refer to it is, to gently cite all
bee-keepers who are accustomed to the use
of section-boxes without division-boards to
the inconvenience of having the comb
built out even with the edge of the section-
box, and beyond, and the annoyance of
handling honey in that way.

The slight difference between o and a in
writing is responsible for the printer's
error. Had they been called wide frames,
as usual, the error would not have occurred.

Xlie Fair at Racine, Wis., was a suc-
cess. Mr. F. A. Gibson had an excellent
exhibit, and was awarded 16 first pre-
miums on honey, fruit, vegetables, etc.
The Racine Times remarks as follows
about his exhibit :

F. A. Gibson has the finest exhibit in the
fruit and vegetable department ever seen
in the main building. He has a fine display
of extracted and comb honey, also a hive
of bees on exhibition. He has been granted
the right to sell his stock during the Fair.

tto !^ot Sell Honey at too low a

figure, for it is a scarce article, and should
bring a good price. But we must add ; Do
not hold the comb honey too long, but sell
at the right time, when the prices are at
the top. Comb honey should not be sold at
retail for less than 25 cents per pound, and
extracted honey should retail at not less
than 15 cents per pound. Honey is well
worth these prices.

Xlie Fair at I>an»tin;;, Mich., was a
very successful one. So writes Mr. H. D.
Cutting, who knows what he is talking
about. He adds : " I go to our CountJ^
Fair, then I have done for this year." The
hard work done at several Fairs for this
season will make the coming rest welcome,
for friend Cutting is a luorker.

New Siih'^C'ribers can have the Bee
Journal and the Illustrated Home Jour-
nal from now until the end of 1S91 for
SI. So. This is a rare opportunity of club-
bing two valuable periodicals for a slight
advance upon the price of one, and getting
the rest of this year free.

Feedins: •!•« Kees, if it is necessary,
should be done during the coming three or
four weeks. Give it to them as fast as they
will take care of it.

644

T'H® MMEHicMK mmm^ j^^m^mi^.

September an<l the Bees.

BY W. P. DOLE.

Shorn liarvest-flelds lie warm beneath the glow

Of cloudless lisht that holds the charmed trees

In dreamy trance ; an idle, vagrant breeze
Just kisses the calm river's face below.
Nor tempts this upland air— seeming to know

How Nature here at length doth take her ease.

Where, of the hive forgetful, drowsy bees
From lingering clover-blooms Hy droning slow
On lazy wings, deep in soft couch to hide .

Of regal golden-rod. My aimless feet
Rouse silent grasshoppers, which start aside,

As wary skirmishers a space retreat ;
Nor beast nor bird, with sound of strife or mirth.
Breaks the sweet spell that rests on all the earth.

St.John.N. B. —Selected.

Judsre W. II. Andrews, of Mc-

Kinney, Texas, died on Aug. 6, 1890, of
paralysis. He was an experienced bee-
keeper and an interesting writer, and in his
death the apiarists of Texas have sustained
a great loss.

BWe Regret to learn that Jacob T.
Timpe, of Grand Ledge, Mich., has been laid
up with the typhoid fever, malaria and La
Grippe. This will explain the delay in
filling orders.

Motli-AVorms and Comb Honey.

-Mr. J. C. Bechtold, Bippus, Ind., asks the
following question to be answered in the
Bee Jocrnai, :

How must I put up honey (such as in
brood-frames and brood combs) for spring
feeding, to keep moths or worms out of
them i I was very much bothered last
spring with worms in mj* frames of honey.

We are not sure that we catch the idea
Mr. B. wishes to convey. If the combs of
honey are taken out of the hive in the fall
and put away " for spring feeding," there
will be no danger of the ravages of the
moth, for the worms cannot develop with-
out warm weather. It is true that they
will live a long time in a dormant state, if
not killed by a freezing temperature of 15
or 20 degrees, Fahr.

If the combs of honey are removed in
the spring or summer, to be kept over
until the following spring for feeding pur-
poses, they should be hung up, two or more
inches apart, in a room, and thoroughly
fumigated with sulphur, and this should be
repeated as often as necessary.

Preparing: Bees tor ^Vinter.—

Mr. Thos. A. Anderson, of Gamma, Mo.,
writes thus in reference to this subject :

In the second paragraph of the article by
Prof. Max Brose, on page6ia,is a state-
ment which, aside from the rest of the
article, is very misleading, viz : " At least
•t frames should be covered with young
bees, and 35 pounds of sealed honey." It
is impossible to confine bees to 4 frames
and have 35 pounds of honey. As I was
mislead in my earlier experience by similar
statements, I call attention to this. No
greater mistake can be made in preparing
bees for winter, than to allow more space
than the cluster will cover.

Orause-Blussoni Honey — ndis-
sa.etc. — Mr. W. M. Crutcher, of Zellwood,
Fla., writes thus about ''orange-blossom
honey :"

I saw on page 580 of the Bee Journal,
an item taken from the Rural Callfornian,
headed ''Orange-Blossom Honey." Now I
do not deny that there may be many vile
compounds sold by grocers for orange-
blossom honey, but it is a mistake to say
that there is "no such thing as orange.-
blossom honey." If you were here when
the orange-trees were in bloom, and cotild
see the bees swarming on them, and then
taste the honey, you would be convinced
that what I say is true about it.

The Rural Cad'/oriiiaii forgets thatthere
is another State in America that produces
orange-blossom honey, and it is strictly
pure, too.

The Rural CaJifornlan may be correct
as far as California is concerned, but the
orange-blossom honey in this i)art of
Florida (Orange county) is as jjurc as you
can get it. There is no other honey-plant
in bloom here before or at the time the
orange-trees are, so the honey must be
pure.

The next honey we get is palmetto ; it is
not as fine as orange-blossom honey, and is
darker. I know of uo other of any value
for surphis hopey. Cow-peas produce
enough for bees to live on. A neighbor
bee-keeper sent some orange blossom honey
to Mr. A. I. Root, to sample, and he re-
ported that it was equal to clover honey.

I think that Florida is a good place for
bee-keepers ; there is no bother about win-
tering the bees, for it is never cold enough
to take them in. I think that 5 or 6 cents
a pound for honey is giving it away. The
people of Florida have had a sore lesson by
shipping their oranges to commission mer-
chants. If the bee-keepers had some other
way to dispose of their honey, I think that
they would get better prices.

What time of the year and how should
we plant melissa ?

We had a very poor season this year for
honey, as the drouth last spring ruined the
honey crop in this section.

What time do you put the second story
on the hive for surplus honey i

The remarks about obtaining orange-
blossom honey, unmixed with nectar from
some other flowers, was based upon the
California product and climate, and evi-
dently Florida was not thought of in that
connection. We are glad to learn that
Florida can give us the pure, unmixed
orange-blossom honey.

Perhaps Mr. A. C. Tyrrel, of Madison,
Nebr., will tell us when and how to plant
melissa.

When the hives are full of worker bees,
and the honey-flow is abundant, is the time
to put on supers.

Xbe International American Bee-
Association will meet in Keokuk, Iowa,
Oct. 29, 30, and 31. Parties desiring to
attend will please write to the Secretary
for copies of the programme and for rail-
road and hotel rates. As this is the first
meeting west of the Mississippi, in the
twenty years of the existence of the Asso-
ciation, a large attendance is expected,
especially as our leading publishers and a
number of bee-keepers of note will be there.
All communications should be addressed to
C. P. Dadant, Hamilton, Ills.

ITse a Veil. — Mr. W. M. Barnum very
sensibly remarks thus in the last issue of
the Farmers' itaijazinc, under this head-
ing : " Don't be Afraid to Wear a VeD ;"

As the Irishman said, "A man can get
used to 'most anything, if it only lasts long
enough." With a bee keeper, stinging
generally lasts long enough so that he
"gets used to it." It is .so in my case.
Bee-stings cause me very little pain, and
generally no inconvenience, except when I
get a stray " jab " in or near the eye. I
need my eye-sight as much as my wits, and
hence I believe in being "green" enough
to wear a veil when circumstances require
one.

It is well while at work among the bees
to have a bee veil handy. We have found
this to be a good rule to follow, and the best
"bee-veil," by-the-way, is "the Globe,"
manufactured by Thomas G. Newman &
Son, Chicago. We have used this Veil for
years, and have found it to answer the
purpose the best of any. All timid or
nervous persons should invariably wear
one. Good eyes are too scarce to wantonly
neglect, in any way.

A B C ot Strawberry <"'HUMre is

the name of a neat pamphlet of 150 pages,
by Messrs. T. B. Terry and A. I. Root. It
covers the whole subject in an interesting
manner, is nicely illustrated, and is just the
work for those beginning to grow delicious
strawberries. Price, postpaid, 40 cents.
For sale at this office.

Cons'ress ought to abolish Postal
Notes, and authorize the issuance of Paper
Fractional Currency. It is much needed
to safely carry on the business of the coun-
try done through the mails.

Xiie Inter State Hay Palace will be
held atMomence, Ills., Oct. 1 to 11, 1890.
Forty-two dollars are offered as premiums
on bees and honey.

I>r. A. B. niason, of Auburndale. O.,
wrote us as follows, a few days ago :

The Home Journal is so bright, clean in
make-up, and tone of its contents, that I
wish every home in the land could be vi.sit-
ed and blessed by it every month, and it is
now so i'cn/ cheap in price that "every-
body ought' to subscribe. Mrs. M. and the
" baby " try to see which shall have the
first look at it when brought from the post-
oflice, and it generally terminates in a
"draw game," both sitting down together
aad taking a good look at its contents.

The Globe Bee-Veil is just "a dandy."
The first few times I used it I did not just
like it, but now that I have got the " hang
of it," I like it. I can sit out-of doors now,
in the shade, and read and bid defiance to
the "pesky llies," and if (by chance) I fall
asleep they cannot disturb my " sweet
slumbers" and dreams by "waltzing"
around on my face.

Handling; Bees.— This is the title of
a nice pamphlet containing 28 pages and a
cover, published by Chas. Dadant & Son.
It is a chapter from their book, Langstroth
Revised, and is an excellent thing for be-
ginners. Price, 8 cts. For sale at this office.

-rmm kmeric^hpi wmm journ^si*.

645

Xlic Asi-iciiltiii-:il I'^xix-rfiiienl
fitiilioli of the University of llliuois was
established in the spring of 1888 under an
act of Congress providing for the establish-
ment of such stations in the several States
and Territories, and appropriating $15,000
per annum to the support of each. The
purposes of the stations are thus prescribed
iu the act :

That it shall be the object and duty of
said experiment stations to conduct origi-
nal researches or verify experiments on the
physiology of plants and animals ; the
diseases to which they are severally sub
ject, with the remedies for the same ; the
chemical comi)osition of useful jjlants at
their different stages of growth ; the com-
parative advantages of rotative cropping
as pursued under a varying series of crops;
the capacity of new plants or trees for
acclimation ; the analysis of soils and
waters ; the chemical composition of ma-
nures, natural or artificial, with experi-
ments designed to test their comparative
effects on crops of different kinds ; the
adaptation and value of grasses and forage
plants ; the composition and digestibility
of the different kinds of food for domestic
animals ; the scientific and economic ques-
tions involved in the production of butter
and cheese ; and such other researches or
experiments bearing directly on the agri-
cultural industry of the United States as
may in each case be deemed advisable,
having due regard to the varying condi-
tions and needs of the respective States
or Territories.

inaiiagcment wlieii Two Qiiceii!^
arc ill a Hive.

Written lor the American Bee Jou/mai

The act provides further :

That bulletins or reports of progress shall
be published at said stations at least once
iu three months, one copy of which shall be
sent to such individuals actually en-
gaged in farming as may request the same,
and Rs far as the means of the station will
permit. Such bulletins or reports of said
stations shall be transmitted in the mails
free of charge for postage.

Bulletin No. 10, "Investigatious of Milk
Tests," and Bulletin No. 11," Experiments
■with Wheat," have been recently issued
by this Station in compliance with the law,
and these and bulletins hereafter published
will be sent, free of all charges, to all per-
sons in the State actually engaged in
farming, who will address a request for
them to the -'Experiment Station, Cham-
paign, Illinois."

Nature's Orieinal I»ackag:e of

honey in the comb is thus described by Mr.
L. H. Wilcox, of Hastings, Minn., _in the
Farm, Stock and Borne, an excellent farm
paper published at Minneapolis :

In these degenerate days of glucose
syrup, poisonous vinegar and other adul-
terated foods, there is added luxury to the
■delicious cake of comb honey when we con-
sider that here at least we are getting our
food from "Nature's original package,"
undefiled by the arts and sciences as ap-
plied to modern business methods.

Are you Cioiiig- to the Fair i If so,
will you kindly send to this office and get a
few samples of the Bee JociiXAL, and give
them out to your friends there, and get up
a club * We will send them to you with
pleasure.

QuKRT 731.— 1. When two or more
swarms are hived together, what plan is
most generally adopted by bee-keepers to
destroy the surplus queen, as hybrid queens
are difficult to find ? 2. Supposing two
queens should enter the hive, what would
be the result ^ Would a part swarm again,
or would one queen kill the other 'i —
Ontario.

1. I find and kill her. I do not find it
difficult to find hybrid queens. 2. One
queen would be killed. — A. B. M.isoN.

1. I do not know what plan is generally
adopted. 3. Either one queen will kill the
other, or the bees will destroy one. — M.
Mauix.

1. You will generally find the queens
balled, and can find out which queen you
want to destroy. 2. No — the bees or one
queen will kill the other. — P. L. Viallox.

1. I always find the queen and kill her.
2. One would usually be killed. Rarely
both live peaceably together. They would
not swarm. — A. J. Cook.

1. The bees are generally allowed to take
care of the tiueens. 3. Generally one
queen would be killed, but occasionally
neither will be killed, and a swarm will
issue with one.— R. L. Tatlok.

They generally allow the bees to destroy
the extra queen unless one of the queens is
much better than the other. When two
queens enter one hive, one of them is gen-
erally killed by the bees. — Dadaxt & Son.

1. I think the plan most generally adopt-
ed is to hive one swarm "together." If I
cared anything for my queens, I should
hive the swarms singly. If not, I would
let them fight it out when obliged to do
differently. 2. One queen will kill the
other. — Eltgexe Secor.

1. I think they usually let the bees attend
to it. All hybrid queens are not difficult
to find. 2. Proliably neither. The bees
would be likely to kill one of the queens.
If one or both of the queens were virgins,
then one queen might kill the other. — C. C.
Miller.

1. I destroy tlie poorer queen in such
case, unless I have use for her in some
other colony. 2. With two strange queens
hived together, the result would usually be
that one of them would be destroyed by
the other, the weaker "going to the wall."
—J. E. POXD.

1. The plan usually adopted by bee-
keepers is to let the queens fight it out. 2.
Usually one will be balled, and soon killed
by the bees — if not so destroyed, one queen
will swarm out in a day or two, taking all
the bees with her, and "the other queen, too.

— C. H. DiBBERN.

1. The queens can almost always be
found by the bees balling them. Pick out
the queens from the balls of bees — save and
cage the best one, and introduce in order
to run no risk of her being killed. 2. Some-
times they swarm out ; and often one
queen may kill the other. I have known
the bees to ball both queens to death. — J.
P. H. Browx.

1. Look over your bees as they run into
the hive, and pick out the queen you wish
to destroy, or else take your chances. 2.

< )ne of the ipieens would kill the other after
a few hoi'rs, unless some of the bee.s did it
for them. It would not bo apt to result in
a division of the bees — a jjart swarming
out. — Ja.me.s Heuuon.

1. Let the bees take care of that matter,
unless you have a choice as to which queen
lives. If so, hunt out the poor one and kill
her. 2. One cjueen would kill the other.
Get a book on bee-keeping, and post up. In
these days of cheap literature, no one
should be ignorant of the first principles of
apiculture.— G. M. Doolittle.

1. I cannot tell. In our own apiary,
when we hive "two or more" swarms, it
we see an extra queen we catch and cage
it ; if an inferior one, we take her head off.
2. Sometimes one is killed either by her
rival, or by bees of the other swarm, in
which case they unite ; otherwise they all
swarm out again, and each swarm will
cluster with their queen. — Mrs. L. Hab-

RLSOX.

1. Spread a good sized piece of old rag-
carpet on the ground, and throw the swarm
upon it when the queens can all be found.
2. Both queens would be balled, and one
of them be finally killed by the bees. 1
think that the queens rarely get together.
Should one of the. queens escape from the
hive, her own bees are sure to find her and
swarm out.— G. L. Tixker.

1. If there is no choice in the queens, let
the bees settle the matter. If there is, find
the poorest one and kill her. 2. Then one
queen would be killed. — Tue Editor.

C^onveDtion IVotices.

i^" The Southwestern Wisconsin Bee-Keepers*
Sofiety. will meet on Oct. 8, 189U, at the residence of
B. France, Platteville, Wis. a. RICK, Sec.

t^~ The annual meeting of the Union Bee-Keej>-
era' Association, will be held at Hamilton, Ills., on
Oct. 10 and II, I8G0. A good time is anticipated.
Da.niel Shank, See.

B^^" The 8th semi-annual meeting of the Susque-
hanna County Bee-Keepers' Association will be held
at Montrose, Pa., on Thursday. Mav 7. 1891.

II. M. Seeley. Sec.

ZW The fall meeting of the Central Michigan
Bee-Keepers' Association, will meet in the Pioneer
Kooms, Capitol Building, Lansing, Mich., on Wed-
nesday, Oct. 15, 189U, to commence at 10 a.m.

W. A. Barnes, Sec.

I^"The ne-xt meeting of the Turkey Hill Bee-
Keepers' Association, will be held at the Turkey
Hill Grange Hall, near Wilderman's Station, three
miles southeast of Belleville. Ills., on Oct. 30. 1830.
All interested in bee-keeping are cordially invited.

A. Fehu, Sec.

Xlie Florida Sub-Tropical Exposition
will open about the second week in Jan-
uary, and will continue for a season of 12
to 15 weeks. The Exposition makes a
special feature of tropical and semi-tropical
fruits and flowers, and all products of
Florida. The display this season promises
to be an exceedingly valuable one. Full
particulars may be obtained of S. A.
Adams, Secretary, Jacksonville, Florida.

A Portrait of Speaker Reed, and a
full-page picture of the Ways and Means
Committee of the House of Representa-
tives, which formulated the McKinley
Tariff Bill, are included amongst the illus-
trations accompanying an interesting and
spicy article on "The House of Represen-
tatives," by Frederick S. Daniel, in the
October number of " Frank Leslie's Popu-
lar Monthly."'

G46

^mm MBlBKICJtff mMM J©^KlfSI„

mGRMPMICi.

JAVi SWAmSIERDARI.

The following biographical sketch of
the noted Holland anatomist and dis-
coverer of queen-bee maternitj', was
translated from the Deutsche lUustrierle
Biencnzeitung. bj- Rev. Stephen Roese.
of Maiden Rock, Wis., for the Ajieri-
CAN Bee Journal :

On perusing the history of apicnltnre
of ancient date, we meet, 4U0 years
before Christ, the great philosopher
Aristotle, who made the honey-bee a
special object of his studies, and facts
discovered b}' him have not been fully
realized until the present century ; and
the many writers who treated on api-
culture after him, were chiefly poets,
such as Virgil, and economists like
Columella. Paladins, etc.

The middle age of the world added
nothing new to the cause, for in eon-
vents and universities the classical
writings wei'e studied and explained
chiefly, but more in the letter than in
the spirit. At the close of the Middle
Age, it coulil truly be said that since
the days of Aristotle, the knowledge of
apiculture had not been advanced in
the least. This assertion may seem
strange to some, but it is nevertheless
an undeniable fact.

In the lOtli century appeared a num-
ber of works on apiculture, but they
contained nothing new concerning the
nature of the honej'-bee ; but in the
century following, a man appeared on
the stage of action, wliose deep,
searching mind gave to the world the
first lessons relative to the nature and
species of the honey-bee. and this
man's name was Jan Swammerdam — a
Hollander, born in 1(537, in Amster-
dam, who shared the same fate, like
many great discoverers before and
after him — like Columbus, Harvey and
Hahnemann — during his life-time his
service and great discoveries were not
appreciated, and the difliculties he had
to encounter were so great, that his
latter end might well be called a mis-
erable one ; the after-world reaping
the beneflt of his labor and toil, and
ungrateful like in all other cases, his
person and real worth were soon for-
gotten, and even the bee-keeping
fraternity, for whom he had done so
much, did not pay due respect to his
memory according to his real worth,
although he did not devote his whole
life-time to apiculture like Francis
Huber. later ; but what he did do. is
so praiseworthj- that he justly <leserves
the title as the flrst and greatest dis-
coverer in apiculture of all past ages.

And who was this man ? and what
did he do for this honest industry and
art ? These are two questions of great
importance, the answers to which are
given in brief as follows :

Jan Swammerdam was born in the
j-ear 1637, in a nalui'alist's cabinet,
which fact prepared the way for his
future calling. His father was a
chemist and naturalist, who gathered
with unceasing eftort everything that
sailing vessels brought from both In-
dias. in curious animals, plants, min-
erals, and all specialities which could
be found in Europe, and in this chaos
of nature's wonders and rarities,
Swammerdam spent the days of his
youth, and received his early impres-
sions and tirst love for research and
knowledge of nature.

Young Swammerdam resided in the
heart of Amsterdam — the Babvlon of

Jan Swammerdam.

commercial centre in Holland, like
Robinson on liis island, to devote his
whole lifetime to the study of nature
and its hidden wonders, and he soon
started out on his journey tlirough the
Netherlands, for search and gathering
of insects.

His father being a devout naturalist,
and gatherer of insects, yet he did not
approve of his son spending his life-
time in the study and gathering of the
same, for it was his wish that he should
study medicine, for which purpose he
sent him to the University at Leyden.
The practice and knowledge of medi-
cine in those days was very limited,
and the untiring spirit of the young
Hollander resolved to dig through the
surface of medical knowledge to its
very foundation, and his motto was.
How can we heal the sick if we have
no knowledge of the healthy ? and if
we once know the organism of man,
who stands on the upper round of the
ladder in tlie animal kingdom, is it not
important to know and understand the

organism of the animal and insect
creation below ? and with this object in
view, 3oung Swammerdam was led
step by step to the most fruitful dis-
coveries of all ages.

In the year ItilO Galileo had re-
ceived a magnifying glass, with which
he constructed a telescope ; this in-
strument he turned upward and saw
in the sky. planets far and near.
Swammerdam took the ■ glass and
turned f. it downward, and saw the
world and its wonders, as no man ever
did before ; until then, learned men
and philosophers had depended more
upon their own senses, lint now, by
the aid of this mighty and powerful
instrument, the learned perceived that
they had not only seen the most hid-
den wonders of the world, but had
greatly labored under mistaken ideas.
It can therefore justly he said that
Swammerdam was the first man who
constructed the flrst practical micro-
scopic instrument.

Swammerdam was then young, and
a simple student of the University at
Leyden, when he discovered the higher
and lower order of living beings. He
was the first man who discovered the
maternity of the female and insects,
and understandingly explained the
same withiilit entering upon the first
subject (the female), which does not
belong here, but is fully given and ex-
plained in his work. jMiraculum nalurct:
sea uteri umliebris fahrica (Lej'den
1G72) ; but in the latter (insect) case
it is important to remark, and of in-
terest, that after carefullj- dissecting,
he proved that the (then called) •• bee-
king " was a female, and the mother
of the whole colony in the hive, and
the drone the male bee. This proved
a great advance step in apiculture,
which astonislied the world. . and is
alone enough to immortalize the name
of Swammerdam throughout all ages.

Swammerdam did not stand still at
this discovery, but dissected each and
all species of bees, and obtained the
most microscopical discoveries.

Swammerdam was at this time not
perfect, but adhered to several gross
errors for some time, which could not
be expected otherwise. He advocated,
for instance, three different kinds of
eggs — queen, worker and drone ; and
he furtiier believed in a sad spending
of the drone to fertilize the queen. He
practiced artificial swarming and arti-
ficial queen-i'earing. In the luonth of
April he would take the queen with a
quantity of worker-bees, and transfer
them to anotlier hive where the new
colony soon began to build new combs,
and as soon as a new queen had been
reared in the parent hive, he took her
away again and did as before, and as
a result, a favorable season would pro-
duce from 10 to 15 nucleus colonies.

Tmm mummmicmm mMM jo^uiRNRi.

647

Swammerdam did not only study the
life of the honey-bee, but also that of
other insects, and likewise he declared
the maternity' of the ant.

These were great discoveries which
revealed to man the great secret of
higlier insect life, and initiated man-
kind into the motherly character of
their societies, which support no mon-
archical government, but motherly
republics, and immense public cra-
dles, from which each colony in due
time sends forth a new nation. But
how did Swammerdam make known
to the world his great discoveries ?
This proved a precipice on which his
life and being was dashed to pieces.

Young, and without academic di-
ploma nor friends, he lived secluded
in his cabinet of study, not only during
his times of study, but also later ; he
was destitute of means to publish his
great works of discoveries. The pro-
fessors of the University at Leyden
were against him, and laughed at the
idea of a novice and simple student
making such discoveries, which had
thus far baffled the skill of his superi-
ors, and theyscorned the idea of him
arising on a level with them, or rather
above them.

His father left him in a critical con-
dition, and without any means, and
had it not been for the sympathy of
his friends he would have "been unable
to carry his great work to perfection.

Swammerdam at last resolved to go
to Paris to demonstrate and make
known his discoveries, and in the midst
of a society of learned naturalists,
whom the great traveler, Thevenot, a
Frenchman, had called together at
Issy, At this time the Grand Duke of
Toscona called him to Florence, but
the misfortune of Galileo prevented
his journey into Italy, however ; in
France was no safety for him, for the
Mistiker Morin was burned alive at
Paris tliat year— 16t)4.

At^ the age of 32, through over-
exertion and sorrow, he fell into occa-
sional (its of melancholy, which hast-
ened him to any early grave. His
eyesight failed in l(j67, while he pre-
pared a manuscript pn metamorphose
of insect life for publication. This
work alone should have immortalized
him to the after world, but it hurried
him into the great danger of starva-
tion. His father denied him all aid
and help, and received him not even
in his home. A wealthy friend had
formerly urged him to come and share
a home with him, but when Swammer-
dam reminded him of this, the friend
had no recollections of such an oflfer.
Misfortune after misfortune befell him,
poor and sick he wandered in the
streets of Amsterdam, not even know-
ing where to deposit his documents of
research and discoveries for safety, to

say nothing of a roof to shelter him ;
and the last and greatest misfortune
befell him — th(^ ruin of his country,
even the ground under his feet was to
give away from under him.

It was the year of l(i72, when Hol-
land fell a prey to the French invasion
by Louis XIV, This country had thus
far no blessing in store for Swammer-
dam, but it was the birth-place of a
natural philiosopher and great dis-
coverer, and common sense and an
asylum of deep thinking, and now his
country is first swallowed up by
French invasion, and next by water.

It seems that Swammerdam could
live no longer in this world, and at tlie
age of 3b he began to hasten to his
end, when one day, perchance, a book
fell into his hand, seemingly written
by a woman's hand, and the tender
words went to his heart, comforting
him to some extent. This work was
written by Lady Barigno, poor and
needy as Swammerdam was, and he
resolved at once to undertake a pil-
grimage to Holstein, in Germany,
where this lady resided ; after he had
seen the mysterious woman, he felt
somewhat consoled, and resolved to
quit his labors.

He would gladly have led the life of
a hermit, to live henceforth for God
only, and he resolved to sell his cabi-
net, his life-long work of research and
discoveries, Init could find no pur-
chaser in Holland nor France. Now
sick and disgusted with all mankind,
he retired to a secluded spot in 1680,
and never went out ; for five years he
lived in destitution and want, aud in a
melancholy fit ordered all his valuable
manuscripts burned, and, at the age
of 43, Death, :is a welcome guest, came
at last for his deliverance.

What was the cause of this great
man's earlj' death ? Deep searching
for knowledge, and the sudden revela-
tion of the mysteries of nature befell
him unawares with amazement, and
when others on his pathway advanced,
ascribing to insects a heart and soul,
Svvammerdam became stunned and
frightened, and began to stand still
and doubt, and felt that the knowledge
which had led him into the channel of
discover}-, would lead him to some-
thing extraordinarily great, which he
did not desire to see, and he should
not see it, for his eyes were already
blinded with the dazzling brilliancy of
the era of perfection in apiculture.

But the treasury of this profound
thinker and great discoverer was made
known many years after his decease
(in 1737), though the publishing of his
work entitled "the Bible of Nature,"
in which we see Swammerdam in the
light of his glory, with which science
and art has endowed a true scholar
worthy of praise.

CONVENTIONS.

!^u;;Ke!<itii»ii« as to tlic Pluec or
Itlveiiiig for the International.

Written fur the American Bee Jounuil

BY ERNEST R. ROOT.

At the Bee-Keepers' Convention at
Plum Bay, N. Y., we had a pleasant
time. The entire shores of the most
beautiful Lake George were covered
with historic reminiscences. Moun-
tains rise abruiJtly out of the water,and
the scenery round about is indescrib-
ably beautiful. The water is clear — so
clear indeed, that objects can be seen
sometimes 40 feet beneath the surface.
At the point (Plum Bay) where the
bee-keepers camped, there is said to
be a man-of-war sunk. It lies in a
depth of 40 feet of water, and yet I
am assured that, on favorable days, its
hulk can be quite distinctly seen.

At one end of the lake is Fort
William Henry Hotel, on the spot
of the old fort of that name, and, at
the other end, Ticonderoga. Near by
are two or three celebrated battle-
fields.

I have taken pains to mention some
of the natural attractions of Lake
George, and now then, to my point:

Two first-class bee-keepers, Messrs.
Andrews and Loekhart, own several
cottages and a considerable portion of
the shore bordering on the southeast.
They are very anxious that this camp
of bee-keepers should be an annual
affair. As it is situated between the
New England bee-keepers and the
New York State bee-keepers, and is
easy of access to some of the most ex-
tensive bee-men in the world.

Still further, while we were in camp
this time, we were discussing as to
whether this might not be a very de-
sirable location for the International
Bee-Association, to be held the year
after the meeting at Keokuk, Iowa,
uamelj', during the winter of 1891-92.
Along with the natural attractions, it
is right in the centre (if we except
California) of the most extensive bee-
country in the world. Not many miles
avva3' are bee-keepers owning their 300
and 400 colonies. Then there are
Messrs. Elwood, Hetheriugton, Hoff-
man, Tunicliflf, Larabee, Martin,
Manum, Crane, L. C. Root. Knicker-
bocker, Loekhart and Andrews, and a
good many others that are entensive
bee-keepers. As it is one of the poli-
cies of the International Association to
migrate, I merely suggest that it might
be well to consider the advisability of
holding our next International on the

648

•THE; mmtmmi^mn Mwrn j&^mnmi^.

border-line of the Northeastern States,
namely, at some point on Lake George.
Mr. Lockhart oifers the use of his cot-
tages, and if anybody knows how to
entertain bee-keepers, he does. His
cottages are right on the shore of a
most beautiful bay.

Now, whether we meet at Lake
George or not, it seems to me that it is
expedient for us to begin to consider
the location of the International in
1891-92, so that at the next meeting at
Keokuk, the members may be pre-
pared to vote intelligently and under-
standingly. I told the bee-keepers
assembled that I would writo to some
of the ex-presidents of the Association,
and other officers, and learn what they
thought of it. and if they all agree that
it might be advisable to bring the
matter up in print, that Mr. Newman,
Mr. Hutchinson and ourselves, would
properly present the matter in our
respective papers. I send a copy of
this letter to Drs. Mason and Miller,
Hutchinson, C. P. Dadant, R. L. Tay-
lor, Prof. Cook, and perhaps one or
two others.

1 was very sorry to miss meeting
you personally. Friend Newman, at the
" Home of the Honey-Bees." You are
a busy man, and it is not often we may
have the pleasure of seeing j'ou at our
place. The Roots all unite in saying
that they enjoyed your visit ver}' much,
and express the wish that yon may
call upon us again.

Medina, Ohio.

[We are very much in favor of hold-
ing the next meeting of the Interna-
tional Association at Plum Bay. N. Y.,
if it can be held diu-ing warm weather,
and will do all we can to get it located
there. We thank Bro. Ernest Root for
the suggestion — also for the kind per-
sonal allusions to us and our late visit
at Medina. The only thing to regret
was his absence. — Ed.]

AT TORONTO.

The A\vard§ of Preiiiiuiiis in the
Apiarian Department.

Written for the American Dee Jour nul

BY R. F. HOLTERMANN.

As was anticipated, the competition
in this line was unusually keen, the
number of entries being as high as
nine in some sections, and for the
grand sweepstakes, seven. The neat-
ness of display was far ahead of any-
thing heretofore, and almost every ex-
hibitor appeared to have a design dif-
ferent from an}' one else in his exhibit.
Throughout, the judges had a task not
to be envied, and with the competition
so close it will not be surprising that

some would consider that their own
exhibits were more meritorious than
the judges did, yet probably no one
would say that the judges desired to
do aught but what was right — certainly
a good indication. The awards were
as follows :

Best display of 300 pounds of extracted
granulated honey in glass — R. H. Smith,
Bracebridge, 810 ; J. B. Hall, Woodstock,
$5 ; John McArthur, Toronto, $3.

Best display for 500 pounds of liquid ex-
tracted honey, of which not less than 250
pounds must be in glass, quality to be con-
sidered—Jacob Alpaugh, St. Thomas, $20 ;
R. F. Holtermann, Romney, $15 ; J. B.
Hall, Woodstock, $10.

Best display of 500 pounds of comb
honey in sections, quality to be considered
—J. B. Hall, Woodstock, $25 ; Jacob
Alpaugh, St. Thomas, $20 ; John Davidson,
tJnionville, $12 ; Wm. Goodyear, Wood-
stock, $6.

Best display of 20 pounds of comb honey
in sections, quality to be considered, that
is to say, clean sections and best filled — J.
B. Hall, Woodstock, $10 ; Will Ellis, St.
Davids, $6 ; Jacob Alpaugh, St. Thomas,
$4 ; Wm. Goodyear, Woodstock, $2.

Best display of 100 pounds of extracted
liquid linden honey in glass, quality to be
considered — Geo. Laing, Milton, $8 ; J. B.
Hall, Woodstock, 6 ; Wm. Goodyear, Wood-
stock, $5.

Best display of 100 pounds of extracted
liquid clover honey in glass, quality con-
sidered—R. F. Holtermann, Romney, $8 ;
Geo. Laing, Milton, $5 ; J. McArthur, To-
ronto, $3.

Best beeswax, not less than 10 pounds
(manufacturers of comb foundation ex-
cluded)—Jacob Alpaugh, S6 ; R. F. Holter-
mann. $4 ; J. McArthur, $2.

Best foundation for brood-chamber — Will
Ellis, $3.

Best foundation for sections— Will Ellis,
$3.

Apiarian supplies — E. L. Goold & Co.,
Brantford. silver medal.

Best style and assortment of tins for re-
tailing extracted honey — E. L. Goold &
Co., silver medal ; R. H. Smith, bronze
medal.

Best style and assortment of glass for
retailing extracted honey — Jacob Spence,
Toronto, silver medal ; R. H. Smith, bronze
medal..

Best section super for top story and sys-
tem of manipulating, product to be e.xhib-
ited in super as left by the bees— J. B. Hall,
.?3 ; Jacob Alpaugh, $2 ; R. H. Smith, $1.

Best and most practical new invention
for the apiarist, never shown before at this
Exhibition— Jacob Alpaugh, $5 ; George
Laing, $3 ; R. H, Smith, $2.

Largest and best variety of uses to
which honey may be put, illustrated by
individual samples of the different things
into which it enters as a component ; for
example, say one or two samples each in
canned fruits, cakes, pastry, meats, vine-
gar, etc.— R. H. Smith, $8 ; R. F. Holter-
mann, .$5 ; Geo. Laing, $3.

Best and most useful queen-nursery cage
— Jacob Alpaugh, $2.

For most tasty and neatly arranged ex-
hibit of honey in the Apiarian Department,
all the honey to be the production of tbe
exhibitor. Twenty dollars of this prize is
given by the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciatiou— J. B. Hall, -$35 ; R. F. Holtermann,
$7.50 ; Jacob Alpaugh, $7.50 ; John David-
son, $5 ; Geo. Laing, $5.

The judges appeared to have ex-
treme difficulty in awarding the last
prize, and certainly the task was not
an easy one. The quantitj- of honey

in the building would at an estimate
probably be about 20.000 pounds —
12.000 pounds of extracted, and 8.000
pounds of comb honey. The majority
was a mixture of clover, thistle and
basswood.

Romney, Ont.

EGGS

Deposited by the <^ucen In the
Queen. Cell§.

Written for theAvierican BeeJov/mal

BY E. L. PRATT.

I am thoroughly satisfied now that
I was correct in my ideas about the
queen depositing eggs in queen-cells.

One of our best queens is being
superseded, and we have been saving
the cells as fast as constructed. We
have been furnishing the colony with
cell-cups attached to bars, as with our
regular system of queen-rearing. Twice
we have caught this queen in the act
of laying an egg in the cell-cups
furnished, and many times have we
seen her on the bar, surrounded with
workers, which seemed to be coaxing
her to a very difficult task. She would
approach a cell-cup, peep into it, and
pass on to the next in about the same
manner as she would acton the combs
when laying in worker-cells.

About the same amount of time was
used iu depositing the egg. when she
was ready to do so. as is generally
consumed in her regular duty, but she
seemed loth to lay at first. After a
little coaxing by the routine of work-
ers, she thrust her abdomen into the
cell, and withdrew it in a few seconds,
leaving a new, shining, white egg,
nicely affixed to the bottom of the cell.
Where rivalry commences is after the
queen-cells are completed. A queen
will quickly destroy all unprotected
capped cells.

We have had queens roam about an
upper story containing a batch of cells,
without molesting a single one —
simply because they were not finished.
When bees are superseding a queen,
the finished cells are carefully guarded,
the same as when after-swarming is
about to take place. When eggs are
removed to cells by the workers they
are not glued, as the queen always
does it, but are simply laid into cell-
cups, and left until hatched, when
they will be cared for in the regular
way by the workers.

At swarming time I do not think
that the queen objects to the Laying of
eggs in cell-cups, for she knows she
will not remain to quarrel with the
queen that comes from it. I have
never seen a swarming colony's queen
deposit eggs in queen-cells, but I have

THU MiyiERIC^tlM BE® JOURKltL.

G49

ti

viH-y often noticed that
tached to tlu' bottom

they were at-
iii thi' usual
iiiaiiuer.

I thiuk that I am jiistilied in nialiing
the stalomcnt that wlicu there is a
queen present in the hive, the eggs are
always laid in the queeii-eell cups by
the queen ; but wh^n there is no queeu.
the woi-kers attend to that part of the
work when eggs are not available, or
there is no larvas of the correet age in
the combs. Who knows but what the
poor, destitute little bees borrow the
paltry wherewithal to sustain life from
their neighbors ? I believe they do.

Marlboro, Mass.

BEE-ESCAPES.

The History of llieir Invention
and Practical li<«e.

Written Jor the American BeeJmvmal

BY S. A. SHUCK.

pui-pose

Avery interesting history, together
with the illustrations and instructions
for making bee-escapes, may be found
in (xleanings in Bee-Culture, on paces
15, 200. 533. 681. 765 and 838 for
1888 ; and pages 735 and 857 for 1889.
Suftice it to say here, that the credit of
introducing bee-escapes for the pur-
pose of freeing surplus receptacles of
bees before removing them from the
hives, belongs to Mr. J. S. Reese, of
Kentucky ; however, it appears that
Mr. H. R. Boardman. of Ohio, had
used escapes for the same
some two years before.

Mr. Boardman attached his escapes
in a horizontal position to the outside
of the supers, and permitted the bees
to pass out into the open air ; while
Mr. Reese placed his escape in a per-
pendicular position with the point
down, allowing the bees to pass into
an empty super placed between the
brood-chamber and the surplus re-
ceptacle to be freed of bees. Both of
these plans worked reasonably well.
but were inconvenient in their applica-
tion ; and, in further eftbrts to perfect
this device, it appears that Mr. Reese,
and Mr. C. H. Dibbern. of Illinois, at
about the same time, attached a hori-
zontal escape to a plain board to be
placed between the super and the hive
below. Mr. Reese afterwards inserted
the escape in the board in such a way
as not to occupy and space above or
below it.

Concerning this arrangement. Mr.
Uibbern says : •I admit that yours is
an ingenious arrangement — something
that I tried to conceive, but failed" (see
January Gleanings, page 6). However,
it appears since, that Mr. D. has
claimed the invention, and after a
hasty trial in the fall, winter and
spring of 1889-90. he advertised and

sold hundreds of these escapes. (See
page 80 of the Western Plowman for
1890.) But it was found in testing
these devices during the working sea-
son, that they are unsatisfactory. (See
the Bee-Keepers' Review for July, and
the American Bee Journal for June
28. 1890.)

It appears that Mr. Dibbern has cor-
resBonded far and near, securing pat-
terns of all the escapes invented or
tried by other bee-keepers, so far as he
was able to do so, and from these he
claims to have originated something
new — an escape that is perfect. Of
this new device the inventor sa3s ;

•'I have cleaned the bees out of
hives that were used as upper stories,
and in which they were storing honey,
in just two hours. It cleaned out
every bee." He further sajs : -I
have emptied numerous supers in
which the bees had commenced work,
also full hives used as supers over
strong colonies. In no instance were
there more than a dozen bees left after
the escape had been on three hours."

While I shall not attempt to dispute
Mr. D's statements as to the time re-
quired to clear the bees out of his
supers, so far as he has experimented,
I do wish to say that if he intends tliat
we shall infer that his escape will do
this as a rule throughout the working
season, we must have a diiierent race
of bees from anything that has ever
been tried in tliis country. No. there
is no race of bees known that will quit
any part of their domicile in so short a
time, except where they are actually
driven out.

I have used bee-escapes all summer
— escapes, too, tliat I consider as satis-
factory in their application as an api-
cultural device, as modern surplus
arrangements or bee-smokers. I have
taken off over 1.600 pounds (^f comb
honey with as little inconvenience and
less trouble with bees in my honey-
house, than I usually experience in
taking off a hundred pounds; and
while in a few instances the supers
have been cleared in a couple or three
hours, in most instances it requires
from two to four times that long,
owing to the condition of the weather,
and the quantity of bees in the hives,
etc.

When it comes to forcing bees by
means of an escape, out of well-filled
supers, when the hive is so full below
that a portion of the bees must hang
outside at a temperature of 80^. Mr.
D. will find that it will take three
times three hours.

Concerning Mr. D's new escape, in
closing he s<ays : •• It is to be hoped,
however, that not more than a dozen
will claim that they invented this new
escape ' about the same time' I did."
I cannot see why Mr. D. should have

made such a statement, unless he would
that others should not do as he has
done ; and lest he should want to
charge me with being the first one of
that -dozen," I will say here that I
know nothing about any of his escapes,
except that -Double-cone-wire-cloth-
soldered-on-tin- now -perfect -get- one-
and-get-it-just-right-bee-escape " — one
of which a bee-keeping friend offered
me for trial, but my faith was want-
ing, and I refused to give it a trial.

I have three different patterns in
use — one cone. Two are entirely new
and different from anything yet
brought before the public ; and to
further assure Mr. D. that I shall not
Lay claim to any of his property. I will
state that I am not the inventor of the
escapes that I am using; and to show
that the inventor is not disposed to lay
any claiiii to Mr. D's escape, the one's
I have here are small — about 1} by 2}
inches — I can carry a half dozen of
them in iny pocket, and as Mr. D's is
some 4 by 6 inches, I trust that he will
not lose any sleep by thinking that I
am trying to claim his new invention.

CLIPPING WINGS.

%'ariou$ Ways of Ciippini&r the
Wings of Queens.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY FRANK COVERDALE.

The clipping of queens' wings has
been objected to by some of our most
prominent bee-keepers, and that foi
different reasons, namely, that the
practice causes many of the queens to
be superseded, and again, when the
bees swarm, the queen (if one is not
there) is apt to hobble off in the grass
and be lost. Both of these reasons
would indeed be very objectionable,
that is, if true.

When I first began to clip my queens'
wings, I, too, found some ditlicultj^
One thing I did notice was, that some
of my queens ceased- to be prolific for
several days after being clipped, and
some would be missing. This state of
affairs did not suit me. so I worked to
find out the cause of this failure, and
by continual practice I became master
of the situation, and that there was no
need of having my queens die, lose
their prolificness, or be superseded on
account of their wings being clipped.

My first lesson was on a fin6. large,
black queen. I picked her up with
my left finger and thumb, and with a
common pair of tailor sheai-s, I clip-
ped oft' three-fourths of one wing, and
let her go. In about one week the
hive was opened, and the queen
was found to be all right, but she had
not laid manveggs — not over one-third

650

itmm mm^mmi^MM mmm ji@wmMmi^,

-^^^^^^■'■^^^^■^■^^>^<XI«^>^*»*^»^>^*^»^X

her usual amount, though in two weeks
more she became as prolific as ever.
This gave me strong evidence that her
wing had been clipped too short, or in
some way hurt, though I still clipped
more almost as short, and once in a
while the same trouble would occur.
and often lose mj- queens (about one
in ever ten).

So I began to clip difterenth', for
there are tall trees about my apiary,
and I do not like the fun of climbing 30
or 40 feet up into a tree after swarms
of bees. I was prompted to still go on
Avith the clippling. I began to think
this : Why cannot I clip off the fan
part of one wing, and leave the rib
untouched ? My queens were after
this clipped in that fashion, and I have
yet to lose one queen, or have one
superseded because of being thus
clipped.

We have been directed to clip both
wings, the main reason for this being
claimed that the queen will be found
more easily while crawling on the
comb amongst other bees. This is
true, but there is another point that I
think over-balances this, and prompts
me to clip but one wing.

Perhaps some of the readers have
been out hunting prairie chickens, and
shot one. breaking one wing, and
when attempting to fly, the sound
wing will turn the chicken i-ight
around with its head towards the
hunter. Then, again, crop the wing
of a goose, throw it up in the air, and
it vvill flop itself around ; clip both
wings, antl the bird will hold straight
ahead, until it falls to the ground,
twice the distance away. It is just the
same with a queen when swarming. If
one wing only is clipped, when at-
tempting to fly, the sound wing will
turn her around, where if both were
clipped alike, the queen would balance
and go straight ahead, perhaps think-
ing tliat she would finally fly, thus
greatly endangering her when the
apiarist is not present.

Welton, Iowa.

AT WORK.

What is <iioiiis: on in llio Corner
of liie Oarclen.

Written for the Mass. Ploughman
BY (rEO. A. STOOKWELL.

A tree overhangs and shades, and
its brandies bending down meet the
scarlet runnerand morning-glory twin-
ing up. The hroad and beaming faces
of Russian sunflowers ■ make apples of
gold in a picture of many colors, and
a gourd running a race with the Lima
beau, has begun to display its club of
Hercules.

In this embowered nook is a colony
of bees — the golden-tipped Italians — a
hundred thousand strong. A hive, two
stories and a half, is their domicile
and workshop, and at this time (July
5) there is business of importance in
this workshop, for the basswood cups
are full and running over with light.
amber nectar, rich in substance and
aromatic iu honej'-flavor of the fairest
hue and reputation.

The basswood plants, or trees, ai'e
great music boxes now giving forth
the hum of a thousand or ten thousand
bees, as they swarm in and out to drain
the nectar from overflowing cups. A
delightful melody it is. a gentle, sooth-
ing symphony. If you listen with an
ear musically critical, you may catch
the m.ajor and luinor chords in the
beautifullj' blended bee-chorus.

But the home of the workers a hun-
dred thousand strong is in the shady
angle of the garden. As you approach
it. a streak of gold appears extending
out from the entrance of the hive till
the eye loses it. The bees coming in
man}' directions, fall into line six feet
iu front of the hive, and together rush
to the entrance, a steady stream in. a
steady stream out.

Faster than the eye can count, the
bees fall upon the alighting-board, and
hurry within. A few drones stand
upon the board stretching their legs
and wings, and oecasionallj' one ap-
proaches an in-coming bee. and
thrusts out his tongue tobe fed. for
drones are too lazy to feed themselves.
if anj' are willing to help, but the
workers thrust them aside, jostle them,
climb over them, saying plainly. ■■Got
out of the wa\% Help yourself. No
time to wait on you to-day."

With the honey-gatherers come the
bees with pollen, their pockets or
baskets full. What a falling of colors
in stuft'ed baskets ! blue pollen, yellow
pollen, white pollen, pollen pink. red.
orange, gray, black — a sliower of bril-
liant pigments, disappearing in the
hive.

W'e open the hive without disturbing
the bees, except bj' the admission of
light. It is a wonderful sight. Thous-
ands of bees working •■like mad." and
jet in harraonj' without confusion and
with precision antl dispatch. Here are
bees depositing honej'. pumping it out
of their honej'-sacs — there are bees un-
loading their pollen-baskets, there is
one tugging at a pellet of pollen that
does not come out of its pocket easily.
Another bee. a pollen-packer, hurries
up to assist, and the operation reminds
one of a man attemjiting to pull oS'
another man's boots. Well, it's oft' al-
ready, and the bit of pollen falls into
a cell.

The pollen-packer evidently is the
ovei'seer of this part of the industry.

for there comes a bee with both pock-
ets full of orange pollen, and is about
to unload, when up rushes the head
pollen-packer, and pushes him on
further, which says plain enough. • 'Not
in that cell, put it in this." The bee
obeys and hurries away for more. The
pollen-packer then dives head first into
the cell which the pollen was deposited,
and packs it. evidently using his head
as a tamper, for the bee moves up and
down as if he was throwing himself
against that pellet of pollen to pack it
hard.

The honey and the pollen-gatherers
make only a part of this great force of
workers. This is the •■ height" of the
season, and the queen now enters upon
her "great laying feat," laying two or
three thousand eggs in 24 hours, and
hence, if 3.000 eggs be laid to-daj".
3.000 eggs will hatch in three days.
and 3.000 full grown bees will walk
forth from their cells in 21 days.

When the egg is deposited in the
cell, a drop of honey is placed with
it. so that the egg floats in it. or is sur-
rounded by it. Thus is the table
spread for the bee as soon as it breaks
the shell. But as soon as the drop of
honey is exhausted, the larva? must be
fed. The feeding of the thousands
of j'Oung bees requires an army of
nurses. The young bees are fed on
■bee-bread," a mixture of honey and.
pollen, and if the nurses be not bread
mixers or bread makers, then there
must be an army of bread makers.

Besides all these workers there are
builders — the builders of comb. The
honey and the pollen gatherers climb
over them, jostle them, and they are
often under two or three deep, yet
they are not disturbed, apparently,
antl continue their work of forming
comb and cells from wax that exudes
from , their own bodies. The wax
comes forth in little scales between the
joints of the body. The bee dislodges
these scales bj' the aid of muscular
contraction and its six feet or hands,
and after mauipulating it. places it in
position.

In addition to all these forces of the
hive, there is another equally import-
ant, namely, the force of fanners.
Thousands of bees are stationed
throughout the hive to fan with their
wings to create a draft, and to prevent
the hive from becoming overheated.

In this great throng of busy workers
moves the queen — the jewel of the col-
ony— aye. a jewel of marvelous beauty,
of burnished gold anil bronze, her
wings appearing like the most exqui-
site, the finest gold lace. As she
moves in the llirong the bees fall back,
and stand facing her as she passes,
many caressing her. But as she passes
none follow. There is a momentary
pause in that part of the workshop.

T'mm MMERiesp* mmm jqurjnsi,.

651

and then to work, too busy to loiter,
but not too busy to pay respectful
lioniaj^e to their sovereign.

It may be supposed thai the area of
the queen's dominion is contracted so
nnrrow. th:it she is practically with the
entire colony all the tiuje. This is not
the fact. In this hive there is an area
of more than 50 square feet of comb.
Tlie queen going from the outside
comb on the lower tier, crossing every
comb lengthwise, must travel 81 feet.
Tlierefore a visit to every jjart of her
dominion may not be a dailj- occur-
rence.

But in these sunny days when the
bee is such a tireless worlvcr that its
span of life is only four or five weeks,
the hone}' flows, the bees pour it into
the hive, the honey from the basswood
(linden) trees ; the trees throughout
the country are in bloom, and secret-
ing more honey than bees in :iny force
can gather, and if you listen under the
trees, you will hear the hum of the
gatherers.

SWARMING.

manipulation to Prevent IVat-
iiral Inereasc of Bees.

Writtcji for the American BceJonmal

BY J. W. TEFFT.

Mr. Geo. F. Robbins. on page 312,
says that he doubts my ability to per-
form, or rather keep mj* bees from
swarming, etc.

On July 4 I manipulated 2.3 strong
colonies, and examined some others.
That was the first day this season that
I had found a bit of new comb or
sealed new honey, and things began
to look bright once more.

Now it may. and it may not. be of
interest to Mr. Robbins, or others, to
tell them how I prepare strong colo-
nies for honey, and to keep them at it
until after the honey harvest without
swarming. At the start I will state
that my brood-chambers hold 12 1.1-
inch wide frames, 2 partition boards,
and a 1-inch space outside of that for
ventilation space, as the division-
boards are bee-space above the bottom-
board. Each colony has ID frames for
brood, and 2 for side storing in this
way. I reversed all the brood-combs
containing eggs and unsealed brood—
the ripe, sealed brood did not require
reversing. I drew from the brood-
chambers two frames of ripe brood,
bees and all, and placed them in the
.surplus chamber, then witli a separa-
tor on the outside of the brood. I place
the sections; this gives the colony 12
frames in the brood-chambers, and 6
in the surplus chambers. Six of the
frames contain sections— 48 J-pound.

As to the future management, pro-
viding there is a lioney season, things
become lively, tlio bees are storing
honey, and the young bees are all
hatched out of tlic two frames in the
surplus chamber, I remove and extract
the honey to have the combs empty to
replace in the centre of the brood-nest.
At the same operation I lift the two
frames of side-.storing sections, bees
and all, to the surplus chambers ; this
operation wedges the brood apart, and
at the same time keeps the surplus
chamber full, and side-storing sections
on all the season through. For in-
stance, if I draw a frame of honey. I
put in a frame of empty comb in the
centre of the brood-chamber, and lift
a frame, bees and all, to the surplus
chamber. This method of manage-
ment enables me to keep a large,
powerful colony, storing honey in one
hive, and I have but one hive to ma-
nipulate, where I had to manipulate 4
hives to obtain tlie same results. The
system pleases me very much. Why.
just think of it — 23 colonies manipu-
lated in less than three hours, and I
had to nail up some sections at that.

You see there is a point gained by
having frames space themselves, and
not have to fuss to space by the eyes.
Just thiiik a moment — 23 strong colo-
nies containing 414 frames, and hand-
ling them all in so short a time ! This
wedging the brood-chambgr apart, and
removing outside combs of the brood-
chamber to the surplus chamber, and
removing honey at the same time, is
all right, providing one understands
reversing combs at the proper time to
have the sections finished at all points.
There is no mistake about the system,
at all.

Buffalo, N. Y.

I>ooIittle on 4(iieen-Reai-ing:.

Queens can be reared in the upper stories
of hives used for extracted honey, where a
queen-excluding honey-board is used, which
are as good, if not superior, to Queens
reared by any other process; and that, too,
while the old Queen is doing duty below,
just the same as though Queens were not
being reared above. This is a fact, though
it is not generally known.

If you desire to know how this can be
done — how to have Queens fertilized in up-
per stories, while the old Queen is laying
below— how you may safely introduce any
Queen, at any time of the year when bees
cay fly— all about the different races of
bees — all about shipping Queens, queen-
cSges, candy for queen-cages, etc. — all
about forming nuclei, multiplying or unit-
ing bees, or weak colonies, etc. ; or, in fact
everything about the queen-business which
you may want to know, send for " Doolit-
tle's Scientific Queen-Rearing;" a book of
1 70 pages, which is nicely bound iu cloth,
and as interesting as a story. Price, $1.00.

COWEiVTIOM DIRECTORY.

1890. 7'imc nnd place of mccllmj.

Sept. 26.-Cllpilal, at Snrinafield, Ills.

(.'. E. Yocom, Sec. Sherman, Ul,

Oct. R.-S. W. Wiaconsin.Ht Plattcvillp. Win.

n. Rice. Sec, Boscobel, Wi».

Oct. in, ll.-Union.at Hamilton, Ills.

Daniel Shank. Sec, Clayton, Ills.

Oct. 15.— Central Mkliinan. atl^anslne, Mich.

W. A. Harnes, Sec. Ijanaing. Mich.

Oct. 29-31.— International American, at Keokuk. la..
C. P. Dadant. Sec Hamilton, Hl8.

Oct. 30.— Turkey Ilill, at Wilderman's Sta.. lUs.

A. Fehr, Sec. Belleville, Ills.
1891.
Jan. 1.— Michigan Stale, at Detroit, Mich.

H. D. Cutting. Sec, Clinton, Mich.

May 7.— Susquehanna County, at Montrose, Pa,

H. M. Seeley, Sec, Ilartord, Pa.

Jt^" In order to have this table complete,-
Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — The EnixoR.

International Bee-Association.

President— Hon. It. L. Taylor.. Lapeer, Mich.
Secretary— C. P. Dadant Hamilton, Ills.

National Bee-Keepers' Union.

President— James Heddon ..Dowagiac. Mich
Seo'y. and Manager— T. G. Newman, Chicago

15 iJiM L^£ WJ^HWV'X^

Sour Hone.v — Pond I>ilies.

I have some poplar honey that I extracted
last spring, that is slightly soured. Will it
hurt the bees to feed back this fall i I win-
ter my bees in the cellar. What was the
cause of it becoming sour ? It was sealed
up when I extracted it. Will heating it
have any effect on it t Also, do pond-
lilies that grow in marshes, produce any
honey ! C. Reynolds.

Fremont, O., Sept. 11, 1890.

[To give the bees the sour honey is the
best thing that can be done with it. They
wiU'pnt it to a good use. The cause of its
becoming sour would be difficult to •state
without examining it. It might have Vieeu
thin and " watery," if the season was wet
in your locality. The bees will seal up
such honey just as readily as when it is
thicker. Heating it will sometimes sweetoi,
it, but care must be taken not to heat it
too much, or the flavor will be ''wanting.''
We do not think that pond lilies yield much
honey, if any at all. They have never been
reported among honey-producers. — Ed.]

Results in 'I'estius' Carniolans.

Having read quite a number of articles
praising the superior qualities of Carnio-
Ian bees much more than they deserve, and,
what is noticeable, not a line from any of
the veteran honey-producers, but from be-
ginners and those who have queens for
sale, it seems to me that those who have
found them superior to the Italians must
have had very poor Italians, or must have
had a very limited experience.

In the spring of 1889, in the hope that
they were a valuable acquisition, I re-
solved to give them a fair trial. I pur-
chased o queens from some of the most

652

XH© jtMERicsrf mmm jQXjmnm%,.

■•^«^«^*^^^

noted breeders, and it any one of the
queens was pure they were all pure, as
they were all alike, and of their purity I
have no doul)t. I reared several hybrids,
and had a few purely mated queens from
them. Now for the results :

When compared with the best Italians,
they are very cross ; the hybrids the same.
In April their brood-nest was less than half
that of the Italians : in May they bred
rapidly, and were the firfet to make prep-
arations to swarm, though only having
about seven eighths as much brood as the
Italians. They swarm much worse than
the Italians, especially in July and August,
when little or no honey is being gathered.
having to be fed, or starve. They are
stronger to winter, from the fact that they
breed more in the hot weather of July and
August, and when they are not getting
honey. The Italians require more care to
keep the brood-nest strong in the fall, or
when honey is coming in very freely. The
Carniolans got about two-thrids as much
honey for me as the Italians— in fact, I find
them inferior in my locality in every
desirable trait.

As to their wintering, I can say nothing
from experience, both races having win-
tered perfectly without loss— 25 Carniolau
and hybrid colonies, and 146 Italian colo-
nies. I keep none but strong colonies, and
work them tor honey, allowingno increase.
I have been producing honey for 20 years.
and I think that I have had enough experi-
ence to judge fairly between the different
races, haviug produced about 200,000
pounds in that time. I have totally and
forever discarded the Carniolans— at least
in this locality ; and I have no queens of
any kind for .sale. My advice to those
who desire testing the above race is, to go
slow and not waste much money until you
know that you are right.
Deer Park, Mo. E. C. L. L.incH.

Any weather that seems to stop the flow of
DPctar, that is so cool that it checks or stops
the flowers from opening, or is so hot that
it dries the nectar up in the flowers : such
a storm or rain as Mr. Theilmann speaks of
Krst washes all the honey out of the flowers,
aijd then it generally turns cool, and
nearlv stops the flowers from putting forth
for a few days, nearly as fast as they do
when warm weather prevails.

Mr. Theilmann thinks that a good honey-
flow and bark-lice are connected in some
way. It is just the reverse here to what
it is with Mr. T. A poor honey season here
is the time that the aphides put in an ap-
pearance. It has been that way ever since
I have been in the bee business, which is 13
years.

I have seen the bark lice eject the honey
from them lots of times. I have seen it
come from different kinds ; some have
wings, and some do not. Those that have
wings do not have any until full grown,
and then they fly away ; but there is
another sort that have no wings, and are
about the size and shape of a grain of cof-
fee, and the color of the bai-k. The honey
comes out of them on their backs, and
small drops come out about once in every
minute, and keep right on in that way.
The small drops come out and stay about
long enough to be seen, when, with some
power of their own, the aphides throw off
the drops at a right angle behind.

Sami.-el Wilson.

Cosby, Tenn., Sept. 11, 1890.

Au Kntliiistiaslic Uee-lVlau.

I began a year ago with one colony, and
now I have five. They are hybrids, and
good workers. I am very enthusiastic, and
try to learn all about them that I can from
the papers, and the Bee Jorux-^L makes
very plain a good many things that were
hard to understand. S. M. P.iUKER.

Lohrville, Iowa, Sept. 12, 1890.

Ulooni Failinar «" Secrete i^eclar.

I have read Mr. Tbeilmann's article on
page 602, and I now want to try to tell
some of my experiences and observations
on the cause of flowers failing to secrete
neutar in some years. Most bee men think
that electricity has everything to do with
the secretion of nectar. I can say (and
know what I am talking about) that it does
not have anything to do with the secretion
of nectar. I have proof that proves be-
yond a doubt that this is correct.

Where I live there is plenty of linden,
sourwood, and what is called " mountain
ivy " — I do not know its botanical name —
but I know that when the ivy has any
hooey, sourwood and linden will tail to
have honey without doubt. The ivy blooms
first, and but two weeks before liaden, and
four or five weeks before sourwood. If ivj-
fails to have any honey, linden and sour-
wood will have honey, as certain as it
blooms. Let every bee-man that lives
where linden, sourwood and ivy abound,
watch carefully, and they will see that the
above is true.

All flowers that bloom or open like lin-
den, sourwood, apples, peaches, cherries,
etc., have the honey in them before they
bloom— if it is not there before the flower
opens, it will not be there at all. Any bee-
man can test that to his own satisfaction. I

A Species ot S|»aiiisli-'\ee«lie.

I send by this mail a few flowers of what
we call Spanish needle in this locality.
Whole fields of 40 to 80 acres that were
sown to wheat and oats are a perfect yel-
low mat of these flowers. I would like to
know it there is more than one variety of
this plant. Is it not possible that some of
our bee keepers get this plant aud golden-
rod a "little mixed i" That is, call this
flower "golden rod," and vice versa. I
think that the above, to some extent, ac-
counts for the great diversity of opinion
among bee-keepers, as to the value of the
golden-rod as a honey-plant. If I ever saw
a golden-rod jslant or flower, I do not know
it_there is none here, or else it is called by
a different name.

The flowers I send are the best honey-
yielding flowers we have— colonies often
gathering a surplus of 100 to 150 pounds
each of fine, rich, yellow honey, from this
plant alone. The white honey crop was
almost a failure here. I got a surplus of
about 15 pounds per colony. My fall crop
will be about 40 pounds, per colony, of ex-
tracted honey. Bykon Ii.\ms.
Worcester, Mo., Sept. 8, 1890.

67 ; I sold 4 swarms, and I have taken off
1,000 pounds of basswood honey, and there
is about 1,000 pounds ot fall honey. Fully
half ot the basswood did not bloom at all,
so we will not have more than ».j of a crop.
I never have lost a colony in winter.
Somebody says that a bee cellar must be a
?jec-cellar. I could uot get all of my bees
into my cellar last winter ; it is only a hole
10 feet square under my log house, with an
outer doorway to go in. I have always
wintered my bees in it with my winter
supply of garden-truck. Last winter I had
28 colonies of bees, aud 30 bushels of pota-
toes, besides meat, vinegar and soap bar
rels, and a lot of garden-truck, so I could
not get down on the bottom ot the cellar.
We go down through a trap-door in the
floor, and some one wentdown about eveiry
day after something. I leave the entrance
just the same as- when on the summer
stands, and pack a surplus case of dry
leaves and put it on top. I dug a hole in
the ground 2 feet deep, and just large
enough to let the other 14 colonies in, and
made a tight cover with boards, and cover-
ed them up with dirt, leaving a hole in the
center 6 inches square, tor ventilation. I
also put a hole through the outer door
cellar-way, that I could open and close to
cool the cellar. I kept it at about 40 to 4o
degrees, and I saw uo difference between
those in the cellar and those in the cave.
The cellar is always dry.

The bees are working on golden-rod and
wild sunflowers now. The AMERic.iX Bee
JouKXiL has been worth -^oO tome in the
last two seasons. Geo. H. AruiNC.ER.

Bonniwell's Mills, Minn., Sept. 13, 1890.

Prof. C. M. Weed replies to the above as
follows :

The specimen sent differs slightly from
Spanish-needle IBiileiis frondosa), but is
that species rather than any other. It
I>robably is a hybrid between D. Frondosa
and some species of coreo.psis.— C.M.Weed.

Bees Gatherea I>illle Honey.

Bees have done verv little here the past
season, considering that there is lots of
clover (white, red and Alsike), and that my
12 colonies came out in good condition
last spring, with one exception. I do not
understand why thev have done no better.
I sowed four acres of Japanese buckwheat
that bloomed profusely, and the bees
worked on it continuously, still X have sev-
eral old colonies that have not stored an
ounce of honey in the sections. What
honey I got last year and this, came from
new colonies. Bees here the past season
took a great notion to abscond. I lost d
colonies that I know of, and I think that
many others left— it was the general com-
plaint I have come to the conclusion that
bees for profit in this place is a poor busi-
ness. I wintered my bees out-of-doors last
winter, and packed barley-straw and chatt
around them, except in front, where 1
placed a wide board ; but it took me nearly
all summer to get them far enough from
each other to work about them. Will some
one tell me at what time in the spring to
put the bees out of their winter shelter
without injury:: If so, it will relieve, me
from quite a quandary.

Wm. M. Maxwell.
Oakland, Iowa, Sept. 15, 1890.

Experience witli Bees, WiuteriiiK

Three years ago last spring I commenced
with 3 colonies, increased them to 7, sold 2
swarms, and took 300 pouuds of honey.
The second year they increased to 19, and
I took over 600 pouuds of comb honey.
The third spring one colony swarmed out.
aud one was queenless, which left me 17 :
they increased to 42, and I tookover 1,500
pounds ot honey. Last spring I put out
42, one swarmed out, and some were weak,
and May was cold and dry, so I doubled up
until it left 36 strong colonies, increased to

Susqnelianua County Convention

The Susquehanna County Bee-Keepers'
Association met at the graded school build-
ing at SpringviUe, Fa., on Saturday, Sept.
13 1890, with a good attendance, consid-
ering the weather. In place of a regular
programme, those present were invited to
ask tor information upon any points which
they did not understand. All questions
asked were fully and freely discussed, in
which discussions we were ably assisted by
prominent bee-keepers from ad.io)ning
counties. All present departed for their
homes feeling that the meeting had been
both a pleasant and profitable one.
Harford, Pa. H. M. Seelet, Sec.

"THB JCMEKIlCKN BEE? JQURNKL.

653

JfCAS^v.3,-

AI.FRKI) II. r«E*V.^tA]>i,

BCSINESS MANAGER.
[ZZXZZZZZZZZZXZZZZZZZZZZZZZZXZl

usincss Jloticcs.

' Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should notify us at once.

1^" Send us one new subscription, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

B^f" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

j^" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.

1^" Send us tivo new subscriptions, with
$2.00, and we will present j'ou with a
" Globe " Bee Veil for your trouble. (See
the fuller notice ifi the advertising col-
umns.)

Jt^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

B^" Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Jt)UKNAL.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

J^" Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jour-
nal at $1.85 for the two; or with both our
Home Journal and Bee Journal for $2.25
for all three papers.

I^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write American Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

1^" Systematic work in the Apiai-y wiU
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

" 100 colonies C~20 pages) 1 25

■' 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

([^"When talking about Bees to your
ftiend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

1^" A "Binder" made especially for
the American Bee Journal, and lettered
in gold, makes a very convenient way of
preserving the copies of the Bee Journal
as fast as they are received. We oiler it,
postpaid, for 60 cents ; or as a premium for
too new subscriptions, with $2.00. It can-
not be mailed to Canada.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

DENVER, Sept. l.">.— We ijuolo: 1-Uis.. HrsI
friiidc, 16(n)18f. liecswiix, 20@2.-)c.

J. M. CLARK 0(3M. CO.. 1517 Blake St.

BOSTON, Sept. 20. -We quote best white clo-
ver 1-llis. !it ITC" l.Sc: -Jrlbs.. IJffi 16c. E.vtrac-
ted, Tfafa i)c. No beeswax on hand.

BIjAKE & UIPLEY, 57 Chatliam Street.

NEW YOKK. Sept. 12.— Honey is in excellent
demand, and finds ready sale at tlie lotlowiutr
prices: Fancy wliite 1-lbs., 16(Sj1 Sc; same, 2-
Ibs., 14@l.'>c; ott-BTades, 1-lbs., i:!ft l.^e; same,
2-lbs., 12@13c; Iniekwheat, 1-lbs., Il(!iil2c;
same, 2-lbs., Wfrllv. Extracted, clover and
basswood, 8c; Imekwlieat, Gc; California. 6^
@7e. HILDKETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
28-30 West Broadway.

CHICAGO, Sept. 10.— Honey has sold well of
late, despite ttie higher range of prices — 17(Sl
18u being llie value of white comb in 1-pound
sections, and sells upon arrival; the weather
being cool, a brisk trade is now being expe-
rienced. Extracted also sells quickly at 7(5i8c
in barrels and cases. Suppl.v fair.

• R. A. BURNETT. 161 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, Sept. 20.— Demand for comb
honey continues frood, but supply light. We
quote: Choice white 1-lbs., 16(Sll 8c. : light 1-
Ibs., 14@16c. ; dark 1-lbs.. 10@12c. Extracted
white, 6@7c.; dark. .'>@6c. Beeswax, 25c.
CLEMONS. MASON & CO..

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

CHICAGO, Sept. 10.— New honey arriving
very slowly, demand active, and all receipts
are taken promptly. We quote; White clover
1-lbs.. 16@18c.: 2-Ibs., 14®15e.; dark 1-lbs..
Il(ai2e; 2-lbs.. 9@10c. Extracted meets with
quick sale, values ranging from 6H<2'7>/5 ets..
depending upon quality and style of package.
Beeswax, 28(g>.30c.

S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, Sept. 11.— Demand for comb
honey is larger than the receipts. We quote:
White l-lb6.,16e.; 2-lbs., 14c. Dark 1-lbs. 13c.;
2-lbs., 12c. Ext.faeteil, white. 7c.; dark, 5(5).6c.
No beeswa.x on the ni:irket.

HAMBLIN & BEAHSS. 514 Walnut St.

DETROIT, Sept. 10.— Comb honey is selling
at 14(g)16c; very little in the market. Extrac-
ted, 7@8c. Beeswax, 26c for good.

M. H. HDNT, Bell Branch. Mich.

CINCINNATI. Sept. 8.— Honey of all kinds
is scarce. There is almost no comb honey in
this city. But what is of greater importance
is. that we have hardly enough extracted
honey to suppl.v our manufacturing custom-
ers. The "hold-on" doctrine is bad ^iolic.\'. as
we are sure to be overstocked agam about
Christmas time. Such has been the case gen-
erally, and is likely to repeat itself in a great
country like ours. Choice comb honey would
bring 15®16c. Extracted brings 5@8c. Bees-
wax is in good demand at 24@26e for good to
choice yellow.

C. F. MUTH & SON.
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

Posters for the American Bee Journal,
printed in two colors, will be sent free to
all who can use them. They are handsome,
and will " set off " an exhibit at Fairs. It
will tell bee-keepers how to subscribe, for
"Subscriptions Received Here" is quite
prominent at the bottom.

We will also send sample copies of the
Bee Journal, for use at Fairs, if notified a
week or ten days in advance where to send.

Xliii-ly Vears Anioiif; llie llees

is the title of a new illustrated pamphlet of
75 pages, by Henry Alley. It gives the
results of the 30 years' experience of the
author in rearing Queen-Bees, with all the
latest methods brought down to the pres-
ent time. Price, Stt ceins. For sale at
this office.

A i\'evv Mdlidd of Trent in? Disease.

HOSPITAL REMEDIES.
What are they ! There is a new departure
in the treatment of disease. It consists in
the collection of the specifics used liy noted
specialists of Europe and America, and
bringing them within the reach of all. For
instance, the treatment pursued by .special
physicians who treat indigestion, "stomach
and liver troubles only, was obtained and
prepared. The treatment of other physi-
cians, celebrated for curing catarrh, was
procured, and so on till these incomparable
cures now include disease of the lungs,
kidneys, female weakness, rheumatism and
nervous debility.

This new method of "one remedy for one
disease " must appeal to the commc)n-sense
of all sufferers, many of whom have experi-
enced the ill effects, and thoroughly realize
the absurdity of the claims of Patent
Medicines which are guaranteed to cure
every ill out of a single bottle, and the use
of which, as statistics prove, has ruined
more stomachs than alcohol. A circular
describing these new remedies is sent free
on receipt of stamp to pay postage, by
Hospital Remedy Company, Toronto, Can-
ada, sole proprietors.

51D26t Imly.

U/iU Pv/'li'iii(»o~'^ House and Lot in Lima.
nill mUhtll^l' Livingston Co.,N.Y., (or full
Colonies of Bees— Italians preferred. One of the
oldest and best Seminaries in the State located there
For full particulars, addrf SB J. 8. VANDE.VBEKG,
Box 117. Canandaitjua, Ontario Cit.. N. Y. ;i9AIt

Written Jor the American Bet Journal

WISHING to cliantje all mv Bees to .^■BA^•I)EI>
GoLPEM Italians. I offer :i5 Tested and lo
Untested ItHlian Ci-banded) Queens at .">'• ets each.
Some show the 4th hand- pood, serviceable Queetis.
3MAlt .JACOB T. TIMPB, Grand LedKe, Mich.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

UTUATIO^' OFFERED^T,?-'' ^■"""""'"'

SI I m 1 lUil "I' r UIIUIF wood-worker, who
thoroughi.v understands the manufacture
of Bee-IIiVes, Sections, etc. Address, with
references, W. H. Putnam, River Falls, Wis
38Atf
Mention the Anieriecin Bee Journal.

Muth's Honey-Extractor,

Perfection Cold-lflaBi SmokrrM,

SQUARE GLASS HONET-.IARS, etc.

For Circulars, apply to

CI1A.KI.E8 F. MUTH Si 80X.

Tor. Freeman 4 Central Aves., CINCINNATI, O.

P. 8.— Send inc. for Practical Hints to Bee-Beeperp.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

HANDLING BEES

A PAMPHLET, treating of the taming-
and handling of bees. Just the thiny for
befrinners. It is a chapter from ^^Tlie Mtve
and Honej -Bee, revised." Price, 8 ets.
Advice to bcg-inncrs. Circulars, &c., free.

CHAS. DADANT & SON,

Hamilton. Hancock Co., Ills
Mention the American Bee Jouriuil.

TAKE NOTICE!

BEFORE placinKyourOrders for SUPPI..! E8,
write tor prices on t>ne-Pieee Basswood Sections
Bee - Hives, shipping - Crates, Frames, Foundation,
Smokers, etc. Address,

K. H. SCHMIDT .fe CO.,

lAIy NKW IjONDON. Waupaca Co. WIS.

ilf ejitioji the Amcrica7i Bee Journal.

lUftTiri' Kcl*S>o"» Reading natter free
llVllUli to all who will address Bo.\ 1.^16,
30Alt Fresno City, Calir.

Mention the Amtriean Bee Journal.

654

Tmm m^mmmiGmm mmm jQv^nmi^.

Till Pails for Honey. Shipping. Crates]

THESE Pails have full covers, and are excellent
for selling Honey m the Home Market; and
after the Honey {granulates in them, it can be
shipped anywhere wiih perfect aatety. Alt sizes
have a bail," or handle, and when empty are useful
in every household.

The engraving shows STRAIGHT

TIN PAILS, of which there are 3 <\tes.

'■'% '■■wfi holding respectively 3. 5 and m lbs. of
— :;istf[> Honey. Assorted Samples of the 3
, IJlMIji] sizes Witt be sent by express for 4U cts.
"T^i I jl 111 quantities, the prices are:

/ Perdoz. Per 100

liallon... holds in lbs .. $1.8ii. .. .$12.00

.-Gallon, holds 5 lbs.... 1.50. . 9.00

yuan, holds 3 lbs l.-Jo . 7.00

The second engraving represents
THK TAPERING TIN PAILS-
made heavier and stronger than
those with straight sides. The
covers are deeper, and the top-
edge of ttie Pail is doubled over,
making it smooth and convenient
to handle. Of the Tapering Pails
there are five sizes, viz; l-lb,.4-lb.,
7-lb.. 13-lb., and i>r>-lh. Assorted
Samples of these will be shipped
by express for I'i cents. In quantities, the prices
are as foUowa :

To hold i-lb. 4-lb8.

Ferdozen, $ .75 |1.2.'i.

Perioo, 5.LX) 8.O0.

THOS. G. l^EWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

7-lb8.

13-)b8.

25-lb3.

$ 1.511..
lO.CKI. .

.. 14.5U..

..$ .3.25
.. 23.00

Bee -Hives, Sections, &c.

On and after Feb. 1, 1890, we will sell our
No. 1 V-groove Sections in lots of 500 as fol-
lows: Less than 2,000 at $3.50 per thousand;
2,000 to 5,000 at J3.00 per thousand. Write
for special prices on larger quantities. No. 2
Sections $2.00 per thousand. Send for Priee-
List for other Supplies. Address,

J. STAIIFFEK & SONS,

(Successors to B. J. Miller & Co.)
31Atf NAPPANEE, IND.

BEESWAX WANTED.

Beeswax.— We will pay 35 cents per

pound, in Cash, tor Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
ered here.

JS^ To avoid mistakes, the name of the
shipper should always be on each package.

THOS. G. NEWTHAN & SON,

246 Bast Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION

H.V.S MO S.\«; IN BICOOU FKAMES.

THIN FLAT BOTTOM FOUNDATION

HHf* no Finth-boiie in SiirplusHoiiey.

Being the cleanest is usually worked

the quickest of any Foundation made.

J. VAN BEDSEN A: SONS,

Sole Manufacturers.

Sprout Brook, Montgomery Co.. N. Y.

lAtf

Mention the American Bet Journal.

Scientific (|ueeii-Reariiig

AS PRACTICALLY APPLIED ;

Being a Method by which the very best of
Queen-Bees are reared in perfect accord

with Nature's Way : by

G. M. DOOLITTLE.

In this book the author details the results
of his Experiments in Hearing Queen-Bees for
the past four or five years, and is the flrst
to present his discoveries to the World.

Bound in Cloth— 176 pages— Prlee, $1.00,
postpaid : or, it will be Clubbed with the
American Bee Journal one year, for $1 7.5—
with the Illustrated Home Journal, for $1 25 ;
or the two Journals and the Book for $2.00.

THOS. «;. NEWMAN A: SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

WE MAKE THEM NEAT AND CHEAP.
WRITE FOR PRICES.

Gr. B. X.EAAT'IS cSc CO.

33Atf Watertown, Wis.

Mention the American Bee Joumnl-

^QUARE ^ONEY QaNS

The above illustration shows the (lO pound
SQi-MiE Honey C.^XS which are liec-ummg
quite popular for shipping extracted honey.
They are enclosed in
a solid case of wood,
and the boxes contain
I'lther one or two Cans
as may be preferred.

We can furnish them
at the following prices,
with a l''.j-inch Screw
|Cap in the corner of
each Can.
ii'.'illfSti; .''I ^^HHII For the convenience
of digging out candied
honey, we can furnish
^5^- these Cans with an

additional four-inch Screw Cap for 5 cents
extra on each Can.

1 Single Can (boxed) § .45

13 " Cans... " ;... 5.00

100 " "... " iO.OO

1 box of two Cans 75

12 boxes " S.40

100 •■ " 65.00

THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Clioicest Italian l^^i^ ^^^r^-

ium over all competitors
at Buffalo International.
None BETTEit in America !
Order early.

September, 1889
Send for Priee-List

Great, reduction in price. Former prices
superseded. Select tested, S1.50: Tested, 75c.
Five Apiaries to draw from. Can ship by re-
turn mail in any quantity.

E- ID. KZEEHSTE^^-,

Importer and Breeder,

riiiAtf
Mention the A^ncrlcan Bee Journtd.

^Pf}»VV of ovei"lOI

WILL BUY.

close out my Aphiry
100, Colonies of Bees in
flue condition, at $:i per Colony
— g-ood Colonies, g-ood Hives, with enoug'h hon-
ey to winter on. Address.
;j4Atf J. A. KING, mankuto, minii.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

TO

BUILD

it you start rieht.
The first step
should be an ex-
am mation of Mr.
Shoppell's buildlns designs— the only large
collection of designs that are artistic, prac-
tical and reliable. The estimates are gnaran-
teed. Mr. Shoppell's publications are aa

follows : Prifo.

» Portfolio of Sl.C'O Houses, 30 desicins, $3 00

1,600

SO

2 00

20(11)

30

2 00

S,.'-.fO

.30

2 00

8 000

83 "

2 00

S.DCO

3!

2 CO

i.ooa

SO "

2 0)

: cfD

30 "

2 CO

0,0(0

fa ■■

2 0

7 cCO

£J

2 CO

l!',OCO

21 "

2()

•tahlrs '

19

20

"The first Portfolio contains designs taatoostt-j-
low as *DtHl. $t)(ftl, .$700 and $8(Hl.

Any 3 of the above Portfolios ' >r $3 ; ary 7
for $10; the complete set (121 for *15. Eoun 1
Tolume containing over 300 designs selecteil
from the various portfolios, price £5, return-
able if not satisfactory.

Address R. W. SHOPPELL,

Architect, 03 B'way, 1\bw Yoik.

LOOK HERE!

TESTED Italian Queens, *1 00 each;
Untested, 7.")C. : Id-pound Shipping Cases
in Bat, per 100, $6.00 : 2x9 glass for same, per
100,70c.; per 500, *:i.00. Price-List free.

AddresB. J. 1»I. KINZIF.,

2nA 1 y ' BOCUKSTER. Oakland Co., MWH.

\\7 E have had splendid success this season.

V V We believe we have flilod all orders up to
date, and can now scud Carniolan* Italian
Queens by return mail, providing you do not
all order at once. We shall have about 100
of those Beautiful Yellow Carulolan
Qneens ready to .ship during September— a
new strain of bees possessing all the desirable
points of Carniolans, with color added. Price
of all Queens, $1.00 each, by mail.

E. L. PRATT, PRATT BEE-FARM,

3Atf

Marlboro, ITIaf*s.

SPECIAL DISCOUNT

ON HIVES.

IN order to keep our factory running during
the fall and winter months, we will malje
a discount of 10 per cent, on all orders for
Hives received before Jan. 1, 1891, and after
that date, until March 1, we will make a dis-
count of 5 per cent, from our Catalogue
prices. , ,,

The experience of the last season should
prompt every bee-keeper to have his supply of
Hives, etc., on hand before the season com-
mences, and avoid the rush.

THOS. Q. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

British. Bee Journal

AND BEE-KEEPEK8' ADVISER,

IS published every week, at 69. 6d. per
annum. It contains the very best practical
Information for the apiarist. It is edited by
Thomas Wm. Cowan, F.G.S., F.R.M.S., etc., and
published by John Huokle, King's Langley,
HertB, England.

^

'rmrn SMERICKIH ®E® J@URN3^1t<.

r

_ » PUBLISKED BY„ '

THOS. G.NEWMAN &SON,

CHIOAOO. IVAj,

^'^i^i-ff^^^^t^^^^i-

EDITOR.

Vol. mi, OcU,1890, No, 40,

Bettei- to smile while we live, tWftn frown.
Better to love, than to gain renovvu.
Better to comfort some aching heart
Than to do in battle a warrior's part.

Tred A. Hoc is the Chinese consul at
San Francisco. A Bee is naturally asso-
ciated with the Flowery Kingdom.

Xhe l^ortli western Convention at
Chicago will not convene this year. The
Officers have consulted and arrived at the
above conclusion. The time for holding it
is so near to that of the International, that
it would be very difficult to make two con-
ventions a success, when both cover the
same territory, and are of a National char-
acter.

Mr. W. JE. Ilutcliiii!sun, we are

sorry to say, has been quite ill for some
time with malarial fever and rheumatism.
He is improving, but not yet able to work.
The Honey Shows he has attended have
been wearing on his constitution, and when
we saw him at Detroit he was not feeling
well, and we feared tuat a period of sick-
ness might be the result.

Fire destroyed the home of Mr. J. T.
Wilson, of Little Hickman, Ky., on the 8th
inst. We hope it was fully insured. It is
a duty all owe to themselves and their
families, not only to insure tbeir property,
but their lives also. We maintain that it
is criminal negligence to neglect this duty,
unless any one is rich enough to provide
again.st such loss in other ways.

It is 'M> Vestrs uext January since the
first number of the Ambuican Bee Jouunal
was issued. We shall celebrate that Anni-
versary by enlarging the Jouknai, to 32
pages in eacli issue — with two coi.umxs to
the page, making it of the same size as it
was formerly, and similar to the other bee-
periodicals. This will be done to give more
room for reading matter, as well as for
advertisements.

Now we want oui- friends to assist us to
inaugurate a

FALL AND WINTER CA.MI'AIGX,

and help to secure thousands of new sub-
scribers by the end of this year. To aid
them in doing so, we will make this very
liberal offer :

If, you will send us the names and ad-
dresses of bee-keepers of your acquain-
tances, or those in your locality, who do
not take the Bek Joi'knal, ^ve will send
it to llieni treeofcost lor 4 weeks.
just to show them its character, as well as
its value to the pursuit. We think that
they will conclude that they need it at the
end of that time, and will have their
names enrolled among its regular sub-
scribers.

If the senders of the names will then call
upon them and get their subscriptions, we
will cheerfully forward them such Pre-
miums for doing so, as they may select
from our Premium List, which will be pub-
lished very shortly and sent to all.

We confidently request all our friends to
aid us in this noble work, of trying to ixist
up those who keep bees, but who are not
keeping up with the limes, by reading the
bee-literature of the day.

To have all your bee-keeping neighbors
and friends fully jiosted about the " supply
and demand " for honey, and to produce
and market it in the most attractive man-
ner, is to your interest as much a4 it is
theirs. Then they will have no excuse for
breaking down the market price, and thus
ruining the home market.

Reader, please sit down now and write
the list of names before it passes out of
your mind, and accept our thanks in
advance for what we feel assured you will
cheerfully do in the interest of the pursuit.

Those who receive such copies of the
Bee Joukn'al, not having subscribed for it,
are hereby informed that it is sent as a
Trial Trip, and they will incur no finan-
cial responsibility in taking and reading
it. We hope they will like it so well as to
subscribe for it for 1891, and get all the
rest of this year's numbers free. This
paragraph will be marked with a blue pen-
cil when sending to each person the first
Trial Trip number.

We Resffet to announce that Mr.
James B. Mason, editorof the Bce-Kecpcrs'
Advance, has been unwell, and conse-
quently the September issue has but just
made its appearance.

i Tp

a" Corr<-K|»ondeiit.whQ,^vlien pleased
always 16tsit.bc kiiOwo^junB when not sat-
isfied with any matter, is a regular
"growler from Growlerville," writes thus ;

I see that the International American
Bee Association is to meet Oct. 20, riO and
31, but if any wants to know what the
railroad or hotel rates are to be. that they
must write to the Secretary to find out.
What nonsense ! Why not give us that in-
formation in the bee-periodicals '. They
have always given space for such matters
" free gratis tor nothing." It would save
lots of writing and postage, and the time
of the Secretary answering.

When such "nonsense" occurs, our
friends* may be sure there is some good
reason for it. In this case, application was
made to the Western Railroad Association
for reduced rates, and the Managers placed
the application on file, and kept the Secre-
tary waiting four months for an answer.
It is now under consideration, and if we
get a definite answer in time, the announce-
ment will be made in this issue of the Bee
Jouun'al. If not, it will certainly be in the
next number. The programme, with a
statement of hotel accommodation, will be
completed in a few days, and will be pub-
lished as soon as it is received at this
office.

The Secretary is doing all that can be
done to perfect the arrangements, and it
is no easy task, we assure our friend from
Growlerville. We speak from experience,
as we have held every office in the Inter-
national Association, and know the amount
of work necessary to be done, as well as
the energy required to do it.

TI»is is what Dr. A. B. Mason, Auburn-
dale, Ohio, has to say about our book,
" Bees and Honey :"

The last edition of your book, "Bees and
Honey," received a short time since, fully
sustains your enviable reputation as a
writer ancl publisher. It is " just splendid."
The addition of the faces of so many well-
known bee-keejiers to its pages materially
adds to its value. It is my handiest book
of reference. I have copies of previous
editions, but this is the best of all.

Xiie International American Bee-
Association will meet in Keokuk, Iowa,
Oct. 29, 30, and 31. As this is the first
meeting west of the Mississippi, in the
twenty years of the existence of the Asso
ciation, a large attendance is expected,
especially as our leading publishers and a
number of bee-keepers of note will be there.
All communications should be addressed to
C. P. Dadant, Hamilton; Ills.

. New Subseribers can have the Bee
JontXAi, and the Illustuated Home Jorn-
nal from now until the end of 1891 for
§1.35. This is a rare opportunity of club-
bing two valuable periodicals for a slight
advance upon the price of one, and getting
the rest of this year free.

660

T'H® Mi^Bitic^M'ff mmm jQ-wmv^mi^.

COI^FVEXTIOX DIRECTORY.

1890. Time and place of meeting.

Oct. 8.— S. W. Wisconsin, at Platteville. Wis.

B. Eice. Sec, Boscobel, Wis.

Oct. 10, 1 1.— Union, at Ham ilton. Ills.

Daniel Shank, Sec, Claytt^n, Ills.
Oct. 1.5.— Central Michiean, at Lansing, Mich.

W. A. Barnes, Sec, Lansing. Mich.
Oct. 18.— York & Cumberland, at Goodman's Mills,Me

C. W, Costelluw, Sec, Waterboro, Maine.
Oct. 29-31. — International American, at Keokuk, la.
C. P. Dadant, Sec, Hamilton, ills.
Oct. 30.— Turkey Hill, at Wildernian's Sta., Ills,

A. Fchr, Sec, Belleville, Ills.
1891.
Jan. 1.— Michigan State, at Detroit, Mich.

H. D. Cutting. Sec, Clinton, Mich.
May 7.— Susquehanna County, at Montrose, Pa.

H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harlord, Pa.

pg~ In order to bave this.table complete,
Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting.— The Editor.

International Bee-Association.

President— Hon. R. h. Ta.vlor.. Lapeer, Mich.
Secretary— C. P. Dadunt Hamilton, Ills.

National Bee-Keepers' Union.

President— James Heddon ..Dowagiac, Mich
Sec'y. and Manager— T. G. Newman, Chicago

A I>adj'"s Exiiibit at the Nebraska
State Fair was so attractive and magnifi-
cent that it called out these remarks by
the Lincoln Journal :

Each recurring State Fair finds Mrs. J. N.
Heater, of Columbus, in the Apiary De-
partment with a fine display of honey and
bee-keepers' supplies.

Visitors to this department for several
years past have noted the variety and
quality of the display made by Mrs.
Heater, until no one will be surprised to
learn that this season she has practically
no competitors. Her exhibit occupies
nearly two-thirds of the building, and con-
sists of extracted honey, granulated honey,
beeswax, honey-vinegar, bees and queens,
and all kinds of bee-keepers' supplies, in-
cluding hives, extractors, comb foundation
and frames, all tastefully arranged.

Mrs. Heater has personal charge of the
display, explaining its mysteries to the
uninitiated, and pointing out the latest
novelties to those who try to keep pace
with the improvements in bee-culture. In
tact, Mrs. Heater has done as much to en-
courage bee-culture in Nebraska as any one
in the State. She has devoted her entire
time to the Ijusiness for the past ten years,
and her apiarj' at Columlmsis a monument
to her success, showing at the same time
that bee-culture in Nebraska is a success
when conducted intelligently.

Xlie «j<ol<lcn - Ko<l Wins. — New-
York's public schools have chosen the
golden-rod as the State flower. The rose
made a strong fight, and came in a close
second. The Superintendent of Public In-
struction, Mr. Draper, has announced the
the vote as follows : Ctolden-rod, 81, SOS ;
rose, 79,666 ; daisy, 33,603; violet, 31,-
176 ; pansy, 21,203 ; lily, 16,438 ; lily of
the valley, 11,626 ; trailing arbutus,
7,388 ; buttercup, 6,127 ; scattering, 29,-
045 ; total, 318,079. The scattering votes
were distributed through 121 varieties.

Teasel. — It seems tllat there are two
kinds of teasel, one of which was illus-
trated on page 580. Mr. C. M. Goodspeed,
of Thorn Hill, N. Y., writes as follows con-
cerning the two varieties of this honey-
producing plant :

On page 580 is given an article on the
teasel, but unfortunately it is accompanied
with an illustration of a wild teasel, which
gives a very poor idea of the cultivated
plant. The engraving shown here is of the

Cultivated Teasel for Fuller^s Use.

"fuller's teasel." So many people are
familiar with the wild teasel, and confound
the two, that I think it well to make the
correction. The wild plant has straight
spikes on the burr, or teasel proper, and
are not strong, being easily crushed in the
hand ; while the fuller's teasel for every
spike has a strong hook, that will readily
penetrate the hardest hand, if not carefully
handled.

Siin-I'''lotrerK and OoUlen-Kods.

— Byron liams, of Worcester, Mo., writes ;

I enclose five flowers, each numbered,
which I would like to have named in the
American Bee JoruNAU

Prof. C. M. Weed, by request, gives the
botanical names of the flowers sent by Mr.
liams, as follows :

The five plants recently .sent are such
fragmentary specimens that it is impossible
to determine specifically three of them.
No. 1, is a HcWuithus—si kind of sun-
flower. No. 2, is Sdlidagorkjida— golden-
rod. No. 3 is Solidngo fa?iccof(ifre— nar-
row-headed golden rod. No. 4 is a Hellnn-
thus — sun-flower. No. 5 seems to be a
Silphium — some species of cupweed.

I would suggest to correspondents the
necessity of sending lower leaves as well as
flower-heads. — Clarence M. Weed.

llees and Friiil.— W. A. Webster, of
Bakersfleld, Calif., writes thus to the
Pacific Rural Press, on the subject of bees
and fruit :

It is the candid opinion of the writer that
the injury to fruit which is charged to bees
begins with decay, birds, yellow-jackets
and other pilferers, and the oftices of the
bee are such as are only beneflcial in the
economy of nature. The province of the
honey bee is to fertilize the blossom and
save the nectar from it and from decaying
fruit. A bee is guided to its legitimate
plunder by the sense of smell, and, I be-
lieve, never punctures the skin.

Intercstins: Statisitic!^.— The fol-
lowing is taken from the New York Weekly
Witness of Sept. 6, 1890 :

Last season an interesting trial of the
industry of bees was made at the Rhode
Island Experiment Station by placing a
hive on scales and frequently recording its
weight. Beginning with June 11, on which
date no gain was made, the increase fluctu-
ated from nothing to 2I4 pounds per day.
During July the greatest increase in any 24
hours was 2f.^ pounds i>er day. This was a
colony of fair strength, and the weighing
was done between 4 and 5 a.m., before the
bees left the hive. There were 20 days
during which a decided gain was noticed,
six in which no gain nor loss took place, and
18 days of loss. The gain was 32!4, and
the loss 1 5 pounds, leaving a balance of
"'4 pounds.

In this connection it may be stated that
the Rhode Island Station Bulletin No. 4
treats upon bee-keeiiing, and some of the
statistics given are interesting. The value
of the annual honey and wax production
equals that of the rice or hop crop of the
country, and falls but little short of buck-
wheat. It exceeds maple syrup and sugar,
and also all the vegetable fibres excepting
cottou ; and yet not over 8 to 10 per cent,
of those favorably situated for cultivating
bees, keep them. In many localities where
bees might be kept to advantage they are
entirely neglected.

The "Fai-ni-l*«>iiltry" is a SO-page
monthly, published iu Boston at 50 cents
per year. It is issued with a colored cover
and is flnely illustrated throughout.

We have arranged to club the American
Bee Journal with the Farm-Poultry at
S1.35 per year for the two. Or with the
Illustr.vted Home Journal at SI. 75 for
the three.

A K <J ot Strawberry t'ulture is

the name of a neat pamphlet of 150 pages,
by Messrs. T. B. Terry and A. I. Root. It
covers the whole subject in an interesting
manner, is nicely illustrated, and is just the
work for those beginning to grow delicious
strawberries. Price, postpaid, 40 cents.
For sale at this ofiice.

Thirty Years Anions: tlie Kees

is the title of a new illustrated pamphlet of
75 pages, by Henry Alley. It gives the
results of the 30 years' experience of the
author in rearing Queen-Bees, with all the
latest methods brought down to the pres-
ent time. Price, SO cents. For sale at
this office.

Handling; Mees.— This is the title of
a nice pamphlet containing 28 pages and a
cover, published by Chas. Dadant & Son.
It is a chapter from their book, Langstroth
Revised, and is an excellent thing for be-
ginners. Price, 8 cts. For sale at this ofiice.

Those Who Have any honey to
dispose of should use the Honey Almanac
as a salesman. We have a few left for this
year, and offer them at half price. See
page 671 of this paper.

■rmm mimmmiemn mmm jQifsmnmiu.

661

4)>oI«leu Uevs and Itiiiet <iirovos.

Wrlttn^ifor the Phrenological Journal

UY GEO. W. liUNIiAV.

The sweet briar and the arum blush,

The blossoms purple, gold, and red.
Are flames with voices iu the bush.
And holy seems the ground I tread.
The golden bees
Mock Memnon's softest melodies.

In shadows of the wood I lie,

And dream, unwaked by noisj- marts,

Where smoke and dust veil not the sky.

Nor hammers beat on human hearts,

Nor shuttles fleet

Weave life into a winding sheet.

The summer leisure of the birds

Is mine, and brings refreshing rest ;
The flowers are many-colored words
'That happy Nature writes, and blest
Is he who spells
Aright the sylvan syllables.

Here I can rest my weary brain ;

And win for health and life a lease.
And gather strength to fight again
The war that wins the spoils of peace ;
This rural calm
Soothes the tired heart like healing balm

When the pale axe -man .strikes the stroke,

And stills the quick life in my bosom,
Plant near my grave a sapling oak,
And violets of azure blossom.
The oaken staff
My shaft ! — the flowers my epitaph !

miES % Reflies,

The Biiildins^ of Droiie-Coinb
l>}' Qiieciilcss Bees.

Written for the American Bee Journal

Query 733. — Is this a fact, as I see it
stated ? Will a queenless colony, if given
a chance, by placing a frame of foundation
in the centre of the brood-nest, build drone-
comb only ? — New York.

Yes, sir. — James Heddox.

I have never tried it.— Mrs. L. Harrison.

Not drone comb only, but drone comb
principally.— G. L. Tinker.

My experience has been that queenless
colonies always build drone comb. — A. B.
Mason.

If it is worker foundation, I should expect
to see worker comb ; except, perhaps, a
very few cells.— C. G. Miller.

I never tried it with worker size founda-
tion ; but they will build drone-comb with-
out foundation. — Eugene Secor.

Queenless colonies without foundation
build only drone combs. Whether they
will build drone-comb on worker founda-
tion I do not know.— M. Mahix.

Queenless colonies will only build drone-
comb, except in case foundation is given
them. Then they will draw out the worker-
cells. — A. J. Cook.

Whatever comb a queenless colony builds
is invariably drone-comli. I have never
given queenless colonies comb foundation,
but I think they would draw itout or finish
it into brood comb. — P L. Viallon.

I do not understand the question. The
colony would generally build drone-comb

in a vacant space, but would not often con-
vert worker foundation into drone-comb. —
R. L. Taylor.

Bees will not change worker-cells into
drone-cells ; and, although we have not
tried comb foundation on a queenless
swarm, we are sure that they would build
it of the kind furnished.— Dadant & Son.

If the foundation is worker-comb size,
the bees will complete the worker-cells ;
but they will take good care to make drono-
cells at every available point — at stretched
cells and around the edge. — J. P. H. Buow.n.

Where did you see that stated ! Foun-
dation is used so that the bees will not
need to liuild comb. Worker foundation
will be drawn out all right by queenless
bees. When building comb, such bees build
only drone-comb. — G. M. Doolittle.

It depends upon the foundation, but as a
rule queenless colonies build drone-comb
only. With worker foundation they will
draw it out as it is, except where the
stretch is found ; then they will probably
build up drone-cells.— J. E. Pond.

They will invariably build only drone-
comb in an empty frame. I do not see how
they could build all drone-comb on worker
foundation ; but a trial ought to establish
the fact. — C. H. Dibbekn.

While it is a fact that the " comb " built
by a queenless colony will be, mainly,
drone-comb — it is not a fact that when
worker-comb foundation is given to a
queenless colony, that it will be changed to
drone-comb, in the drawing out I Worker-
comb foundation is now the only kind
made, and has been " the only kind " for
ten years or more. When such is given to
a queenless colony, it will he drawn out
into worker-cells as a general thing — the
exceptions being in the outer edges, or
where the cells are "stretched" or out of
shape by "sagging," or something of that
kind. There, .some drone-cells may be
found in a queenless or any other colony,
if the bees find a necessity for such by the
condition of the colony. As worded, the
question is quite unintelligible. The pro-
pounder of the question should have cited
us to the place where the supposed fact
was stated, if such a statement was ever
made ! There is too much of an admixture
of " fact and fancy " in it for ordinary mor-
tals to comprehend ! Who would ever
imagine that " placing a frame of founda-
tion in the center of the brood-nest," would
be giving the bees "a chance" to "build
drone comb only '." The way to give them
the " chance " to " build drone-comb," is to
withhold the foundation entirely ! Just the
opposite of the idea in the question ; if,
indeed, it contains any " idea " at all. — The
Editor.

Food tor Ilees — Bee-Stings. — Mr.

B. F. Sword, of Lanark, Ills., on Sept. 32,
1890, wrote as follows concerning the feed-
of bees for stores :

Please publish in the Bee Journal how
to prepare something to feed the bees. I
think that I will begin to feed mine early,
so that they will go into winter quarters in
good condition. This has been a poor sea-
son for honey. 1 sowed some Japanese
buckwheat, but there was no nectar in it.
For bee-stings, apply Dr. Price's triple ex-
tract (or essence) of peppermint, and you
will never use anything else.

In reply to the above regarding the feed-
ing of bees for winter stores, we take the
following paragraphs from our book —
" Bees and Honey " — which will answer
others who have asked for information on
this subject just now :

" For feeding in fall for winter stores,
three pounds of coffee A sugar and one
pint of boiling water, simmer five minutes.
Feed this inside the hive with a division-
board feeder, or in a tin can with a coarse
cloth tied over it, and inverted on the
frames. For fall feeding, estimate the
amount required, and give it as fast as the
bees can store it in the combs.

"For winter feeding, use four parts of
coffee A sugar and one part water ; simmer
until it becomes quite hard on being cooled,
mould into frames of one inch thickness,
and lay it on top of the frames, using sticks
underneath •_; inch square ; or mould it in
brood frames, tie hemp twine around to
hold it in place, and put it in the center of
the brood chamber."

Scrub Drones.- Mr. S. M. Parker, of

Lohrville, Iowa, asks the following ques-
tions :

1. Can we trap all of the drones from
our hybrid colonies of bees, and, by keep-
ing one colony of pure Italians in the same
yard, get the queens of the hybrid fertilized
by them ? 3. Would it be more satisfactory
to introduce pure blooded queens ;

It is always possible, but not often prac-
tical, to prevent drones from flying from
certain hives bj' force. Our method has
been to keep drone-comb out of the hives
where we did not wish to propagate the
blood, and put the same combs in hives
where we did. Perhaps it would be better
to introduce good queens all around. —
James Heddon.

An Aster.— Mr. H. A. Spencer, of Iowa
City, Iowa, on Sept. 34, 1890, writes as
follows :

I enclose a blossom of some kind of a
weed that grows very rarely in Central
Iowa. Bees fairly swarm over it all
through the day. Will you please inform
us what it is, and what quality of honey it
produces '

It is one of the aster family. It is an
excellent honey-producer, both as to quan-
titj"" and quality.

IJnitins; t^olonies. — Mr. J. Knowles,
of Edmanton, N. W. Territory, asks this
question :

Would uniting a queenless colony with
an after-swarm be safe ; Will it pay to
do it ?

Yes, it will be safe, and it will pay to do
it, provided you do it right. No stereotyped
rule can be given for succeeding, so much
depends upon surrounding conditions, time
of year, and all that. — James Heddon.

How Often I>o Bees Eat ?— Geo.
W. Smith, of Van Meter, Iowa, asks :

How often in 34 hours does the queen-
bee, the drone, and the worker feed »

[When they get hungiy and food is ob-
tainable.— Ed.]

662

TMB; MMMMICM^ Mmm J@J3iMnMI^.

COLORS OF BEES.

Color and Markings of Bees In-
dicating Characteristics.

Written Jor the American BeeJoumal

BY W. S. VANDRUFF.

My observation and experience the
past ten j'ears {rom purchasing and
testing queens from all the principal
queen-breeders, have led me to the
conclusion that but few are pursuing
the right course to produce the best
bees.

A few j-ears ago the Albinos were
■■ all the rage." and I have trieil many
different strains of them ; but I find
that the breeders of these bees seem to
have nothing in \iew but the white
bands of hair, and have neglected to
preserve the three j-ellow bands, so
that many show but little yellow on
the third band, and not as much as
they should on the first and second.

Latterly, it seems that pbe golden
Italians are having a boom, and I
have tried different strains of these
bees, also ; and I find the same fault
with the breeders of these bees, as
with the Albinos— -they seem to be sac-
rificing all other colors for the golden
yellow. I have had bees of this strain
that had 4 or 5 yellow bands, with
nothing on them but yellow, not even
a streak of black on the edge of the
bands, and the hair as yellow and so
nearly the color of the bands that one
could scarcely tell there was any hair
on them — and some call them beauti-
ful bees ! Now the idea of a plain
yellow bee. or a plain white, or black,
or any other one color making a beau-
tiful bee, is not in accordance witli my
ideas of a beautiful bee. As some one
has said, -I want a ringed, streaked,
striped, and all-color bee," with a
beautiful, flashy contrast of color.

My experience with different colors
and strains of bees is, that the -reri/
yellow ones do not cap their honey
white. I had one colonj- in particular
the past season that did the worst cap-
ping I ever saw ; it was not fit to put
on the market at all, as tlie capping
looked as if completely water-soaked.
Thej' build too many burr-combs, make
too much use of propolis, are not quiet
enough, and some strains are too
small.

As to Albino's, as a strain, by most
breeders the}- are rather too small, and
have not jellow enough left on them ;
but they, have more good qualities
than the very yellow bees ; they cap
their combs whiter, but many of them

are too much inclined to build burr-
combs.

My .experiments show that neither
an extreme, of white, yellow or black
in a strain of bees, gives the best re-
sults as to good qualities. I have
found that bees possessing the most
good points have all the colors above-
named, beautifully combined. The
hair is light-colored, the first three
bands orange to light orange color,
with a fine line of rich, glossy black on
their edge, and the last three bands a
glossj' black, with white rings of hair.
Bees with such markings are always,
so far as I have observed, very large,
prolific and quiet, and are certainly
very beautiful, and possess more good
qualities than any other color or mark-
ings that I have ever experimented
with.

About seven years ago I noticed
early in February, that I had a colony
of bees that were wintering remark-
ably well, and were breeding up ahead
of any I had in my apiary, and it
proved to be the best I had that season.
Sometime in June a particular friend
of mine wanted a good colon}' of bees,
and I told him he should have some-
thing good. I sold him a nucleus col-
ony containing this queen. The next
spring I examined them, and found
they had wintered exceedingly v,'e\\. and
was a most powerful colony, and they
went ahead of any with which I was
acquainted that season. I have looked
after these bees every season since, and
hnd tliem the same every spring.

Seeing the great superiority of these
bees, I secured an interest in them
two years ago, and have been looking
after them pretty closely ever since,
and find they possess the markings, to
a great degree, that I have heretofore
mentioned, and I have further im-
proved them this season. They are
located about nine miles from where I
live, and have been in the same place
the past seven years. The past spring
I did not get to go to see them until
late in May. and as the fruit and all
spring blooms were a failure here this
season, and my ovvn and other bees
were generally weak, I expected to
find them in poor condition, but I was
pleasantlj' surprised to find them in
splendid condition, being very strong ;
one colonj', in particular, I think was
the strongest I ever saw. and it also
had the finest markings, and although
this was a very poor honey season here,
as well as in many other places, yet
this colony outstripped any of mine or
my neighber's bees, with which I was
acquainted.

I noticed the burr-comb matter with
this colony, and although there were
several f-inch bee-spaces in the hive
during the honey season, I think tliat
all the burr-combs could have been

pressed into a thimble. I called the
attention of several bee-keepers to this
fact, and they expressed great surprise
at the iibsence of them.

I have further improved the mark-
ings of these bees this season, and I
am going to introduce them into my
apiary next season, without any hopes
of ever getting a better strain of bees.
They cap their honey as white, and
enter the sections the most readily of
any bees I ever saw, blacks not ex-
cepted.

I have often noticed that bees with
these particular markings possess more
good qualities than any other, and the
more they run to the extreme of very
yellow, or very white or black, the
less good qualitie.s they possess. I
think that this breeding for extremes
of any color by our queen-breeders is a
great mistake. I am well satisfied
that it results in deterioration in size,
as well as in many other good qualities,
and is a failure in getting a beautiful
bee.

This strain of mine, which I am
going to christen the • ' American Ital-
ian," poissesses in a high degree the
markings and characteristics of my
ideal bee.

MARKINGS FOR BEST CHARACTERISTICS.

For the benefit of those wishing to
experiment on this line of color, I will
give the particular markings that I
have found to give the best character-
istics, as well as great beauty :

The three yellow bands should be
orange color — not too dark, but rather
light, yet not too light ; these bands
should not be all yellow, as is the case
with many of the golden Italians, but
should have a fine line of glossy black
on their outer edge.

The fourth band on many of the bees
show slight traces of yellow on their
sides, extending and gradually lessen-
ing until on the top there is none to
be seen, and this is as much yellow as
anj' bee should have on the fourth
band, in my opinion, to possess the
most good qualities ; the rest of this
band is a deep, glossy black, with a
large ring of light-colored hair. The
fifth and sixth bands are of this same
glossy black, with the light ring of
hair on the fifth.

I find that bees with these m.arkings
are large, very prolific, and possess all
the desirable qualities of a perfect bee.
In short, they have gi'eat wintering
qualities, are very large, prolific, quiet
and beautiful, enter the sections
readily, are nol excessive swarmers,
not disposed to use an excess of pro-
polis, build few burr-combs, and are
as fine comb-builders as I ever saw,
capping their honey verj' white.

I would like to hear from others, on
this color question in bees. Do not

TMK JEMEKICJEN MMM J@^RNKir.

6f)3

undorstaml ine as saying that these
particular colors combined are tlir
cause for these superior qualities — I
only mean to say that I have observed
that bees ivith these markings seora to
possess these qualities in a marked de-
gree, and this strain that I have had
under my observation for the past
seven years, having ahuaijs gone ahead
of my own bees that have been made
up from all the noted strains of this
continent, of all extremes of color,
only goes to prove to me that there
imist be something in a proper combi-
nation of these three colors.

This matter of a proper combination
of colors, as "indicating character."
in the qualities of bees. I think has not
been thought of much, and I am led to
believe that it is a very important fac-
tor iu arriving at a good strain of bees.
I think that if it was properly under-
stood, an expert could judge from the
color and markings of bees, as to their
characteristics, and good or bad
qualities.

Greene Co., Pa.

GOLDEN-ROD.

Some of the Different Varieties
Described.

Written Sor the American Bee Journal

BV D. E. LEACH.

The following from the Grand Trav-
erse Herald, of Traverse Cit}-. Mich.,
touches on the golden-rod question :

The National Flower, the beautiful gol-
den-rod, which covers thousands of acres of
the sand plains in the immediate vicinity
of Walton, is no longer

" Born to blush unseen,

And waste its fragrance on the desert air."

Mr. Carver, of Manton, who is the owner
of 180 colonies of bees, is removing them
temporarily to Walton, to give them the
benefit of the nectar-yielding golden-rod.
A weighing test, made last week on a
couple of colonies, showed that there was
" money in it" as well as honey. And now
" from early morn to dewy eve,"

" How doth the little, busy bee
Improve each shining hour.

And gather honey all the day
From "—golden-rod !

These busy little Italians are domiciled
in Mr. Leach's enclosure, and are working
as if for dear life.

We have at least three varieties of
golden-rod growing on • ■ stump-lands "
and pine plains of this region. One
variety is in bloom all through the
month of August ; it appears to secrete
very little honey, as bees are seldom
seen on it.

A second variety, which blossems
about Sept. 1. i-s very abundant, over
thousands of acres. It is an excellent
honej^-plant, as every one can testify
who has bees in this vicinit}-. Nearly

200 colonies of Ijees, near my house,
are busy on it. whenever the weather
permits. This variety is now at its
prime, but will last through the mouth.

A third variety, which begins to
bloom about Sept. 10, seems to be even
more satisfactory to the bees, than is
number two — but not very plentiful.

Walton, Mich.. Sept. 23, 1890.

MICHIGAN.

Report of tlie Ionia County Bee-
Reepcr§' Convention.

Written for the American Bee Jmi/rnal

BY HAKMON SMITH.

The regular fall session of the Ionia
County Bee-Keepers' Association was
held iu Justice Curry's office, in Ionia,
Mich., on Wednesday. Sept. 10, 1890,
with President A. H. Hall in the chair.
Harmon Smith. Secretary, read the
following compilation of reports from
the 15 members present : 547 colonies,
spring count ; 533 colonies, fall count ;
1,977 pounds of comb honey (report
last year, 23,760 pounds) ; 238 pounds
of extracted honey (last year, 5,470
pounds) ; 84 pounds of wax. Many
members found it necessary to feed
their bees.

FOUL BROOD CURES.

The first topic discussed was ' ' Bee-
Diseases, their Prevention and Cure."
and was mainly upon ■• Foul Brood."
Secretary Smith gave a description of
the disease and the effect of the differ-
ent acid treatiuents recommended as
palliative remedies, the McLain plan
almost curing infected colonies. He
concluded by recommending what is
known as Jones' process, but given by
Father Langstroth in his work on
•The Houey-Bee," as the cure recom-
mended by a German apiarist. The
process is described as follows :

"Drive out the bees into a clean
hive, and shut them in a dark place
without food for 24 or 48 hours. Pre-
pare a clean hive properly fitted with
comb (preferably clean frames with
foundation) from healthy colonies.
Transfer the bees into it. and confine
them two days longer with pure
hone}'."

Darius Roop gave an account of the
Mutli treatment and urged the impor-
tance of the most radical efforts to
stamp out the disease.

On motion, the President was ap-
pointed to confer with the Probate
Judge relative to the appointment of
a commissioner whose dut}' it shoidd
be to make an effort to eradicate the
disease, it being fully comprehended
by the association that unless this is
done, the destruction of bee-keeping as
a business must speedily follow.

President Inman, of the Ionia Di.s-
trict Fair Association, invited exhibits,
and the convention expressed approval
of the suggestion, and urged the mem-
bers to make a good display.

"Wintering" and " Bee - Pastur-
age" were discussed. As pasturage.
Alsike clover and buckwheat were
recommended. Warmth and ventila-
tion, and plenty of well-sealed stores
were recomended as requirements for
successful wintering.

The association voted to secure suit-
able quarters for the spring meeting,
and space will be provided for the ex-
hibition of bees, bee-implements and
fixtures, and a suitable speaker will be
secured for the meeting.

Harmon Smith, Sec.

VENTILATION.

Some Sugsestions as to Properly
Ventilating Bee-Hives.

Written for the American Bee Journal

ARTHUR T. GOLDSBOROtJGH.

Mr. E. G. Slayton, on page 620.
says that he bores f-ineh holes in the
hives (sides or ends) as ventilators, and
also boasts of being a veteran bee-
hunter. Now I should like to ask him,
or any one who advocates ventilation
other than at the entrance, if in his
bee-hunting he ever found a colony
with a hole or crevice of any sort lead-
ing to their combs, but what was care-
fully glued up with propolis.

If we would only watch and follow
nature more closely, we would not
preach so much positive error. I
assert right here, that any means of
ventilating a bee-hive ever invented,
or likely to be, defeats the very object
aimed at ; and, also, that an aperture.
say ] inch high and 3 inches long is an
opening enough, with the rest of the
hive hermetically sealed, for the wel-
fare of any colony of bees ever ruled
by one queen. Now for the proof :

Take a box, say a foot square, and
have it as air-tight as bees would make
it (if in mercy left alone). Have but
one opening — an inch by an eighth
would do ; now exhaust the air at the
mouth of this entrance (as the bees
always do when required), and all the
air in this air-chamber (hive) is set in
motion ; the fresh air going iu and the
foul air coming out of the same open-
ing at the same time. Does it not
seem evident that if there is the
slightest crack in the hive, the air.
instead of being set in motion in every
part of it, will draw straight as pos-
sible from this crack, making a
draught (bad), and leaving the rest of
the hive full of still air ?

664

'rmm mimmmicmn ®b® j®^Kf«:KiLr.

The bees are not slow to correct this
state of things, and glue the orack up.
but these lioles. bored I care not how
or when, are too large for them to fill
up, and the natural laws of the hive
are interfered with. It is follj' to
argue that bees stop these crevices out
of fear of enemies. Cold air is their
greatest enemy, winter or summer.
Bees in a state of nature alwaj-s seek
sufficient protection from the sun. and
no heat is likely to come near them
that they cannot displace.

It ought not to be necessary to make
a diagram to explain what I have as-
serted. I only marvel that men like
Mr. Doolittle. Mr. Root, and others,
have not come out in a flat-footed way
on this subject.

Now. if I take an empty hive, light
a candle and put it inside, have a
small entrance below, and the hive
with no ventilating cracks or holes
above, the heat, I grant, would be-
come very great, and as heat ascends
these two holes bored up in the ends
would allow it to pass out, and cool
air would come in below, establishing
air currents or ventilation; but this is
not the condition of a bee-hive when
filled with bees and comb, and the
fatal mistake is in believing it so.

I herebv- maintain, as far as I know
for the first time in print, that any
opening in a hive except at the en-
trance is folly, and the pei'son who
would attempt it, ought to Ijuy shoes
and stockings for their ducks and
geese, for thej- need them about as
much as bees need holes, craclts and
big air-spaces.

Washington. D. C.

NEBRASKA.

Honey Exhibit and Prciniunis
at the Slate Fair.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY ,1. N. HEATER.

The honey exhibit at the State Fair
held at Lincoln. Nebr., was a fine one
and Superintendent E. Whiteomb, of
Friend, Nebr., is to be congratulated
for getting up so good an exhibit with
so light a crop. Our large Bee and
Honey Hall was reasonably well filled,
and the different exhibits were beauti-
fully arranged, and called forth mucli
praise from the crowds of visitors wlio
thi'onged the hall from early morn till
late at evening.

The following is a list of premiums
received :

Best and largest display of bees,
comb and extracted honey, and api-
arian supplies, Mrs. J. N. Heater ; sec-
ond best. M. Tower.

Best comb honey, basswood or white
c'over. Mrs. J. M. Young ; second best.
Mr. Lee.

Best extracted honey, basswood or
white clover, August Davidson.

Best fall honey. Mrs. J. N. Heater ;
second best fall honey, August David-
son.

Best fall extracted honey, August
Davidson ; second best, A. C. Tyrrel.

Best granulated honey, August
Davidson ; second best granidated,
Mrs. E. Whiteomb.

Best exhilDit of brood-chamber and
surplus comb foundation, full to partly
drawn, Mrs. J. N. Heater ; second
best, M. Tower.

Best exhibit of apiarian supplies and
implements. Mrs. J. N. Heater ; second
best. M. Tower.

Best display of honey in marketable
shape. Mrs. J. N. Heater ; second best.
August Davidson.

Best display of candy and sweets, J.
P. Antill ; second best, Larsh Bros.

Best lioney-vinegar, Mrs. J. N.
Heater.

Best display of bees and queens,
Mrs. J. N. Healer, second best. August
Davidson.

Best exhil)it of extracted honey.
Mrs. J. N. Heater ; second best. Miss
Lillian Trester.

Best honey-extractor, actual test.
Mrs. J. N. Heater ; second best, M.
Tower.

Best all-purpose single-walled hive,
M. Tower; second best, Mrs. J. N.
Heater.

Best all-purpose chaff hive. Mrs.
J. N. Heater.

Best bee-smoker. M. Tower.

Best and largest Nebraska display
of bees, honey and supplies, Mrs. J. N.
Heater ; second best, M. Tower.

On the evening of Sept. 10, the St.ate
Bee-Keepers' Association met in con-
vention at the Bee and Honey Hall on
the Fair Ground, with President Muir
in the chair, and a full attendance of
officers of the Association, and over 40
members present.

Reports from 32 different localities,
covering the entire State, showed that
bees did poorly until about Aug. 15,
since which time enough honey has
been gathered to supply the l)ees until
honey comes next year. A few report
a little surplus from basswood and
white clover, and nearly all a light
crop of fall honey. Probably the en-
tire crop will not exceed 10 pounds per
colony, spring count.

Secretary J. N. Heater and A. C.
Tyrrel were selected as a committee to
make arrangements for a display of i
honey in connection with our State I
display, at the World's Fair, in Chi- 1
cage, 1893. I

J. N. Heater, Sec. I

QRAPES.

The Raisin Crop of California,
and Bees.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY E. F. KABEL.

Since so much has been said about
the bees interfering with the i-aisin
crop in California, it will be interes-
ting to the readers of the American
Bee Journal to know more about the
vineyards of that region of our fair
countr}'.

The bees were there first, and had
the right of precedence ; the raisins
followed, and the growers conspix-ed
to expel the bees, but failed to carry
their point.

There is no reason why both pur-
suits should not work harmoniouslj'.by
each being carefully conducted.

I will now give some of the partic-
ulars about the vineyards, and the crop
for the present season.

Just now there is a great bustle and an
imusual activity among the vineyards of
southern California devoted to the grow-
ing of the grape for raisins. The white
clusters of plump fruit, rich in sacchar-
ine matter, are being picked.

CULTIVATING A VINEYARD.

In the east the product is seen, tempt-
ing in its brown wealth of delicious
sweetness, nestling enticingly in a bed
of laced and embellished paper; but at
the vineyard the interest attaches mainly
to the progress of tlie grape toward per-
fection and the garnering and packing
of the fruit.

Almost every visitor from the "efEete
east," as the acclimated and often re-
cently imported Califomian is pleased to
call the sections beyond the "Father of
Waters," accustomed as he is to the stakes
and trellis work of home fields, against
which the vines are carefully trained, is
struck by the peculiarity of the Califor-
nia vineyards. There are no vines climb-
ing skyward, or disporting in fanciful
designs against arbors and lattices. All
are cut low, rising not over four or five
feet above the ground.

Tmm MBJEMICJtH BM®, JQVM^mi^.

6G5

When a vineyiU'J is laid out the main
idea of accessibility and convenience in
cultivatinj; and picliing the fruit is borne
in mind. For tliis reason tlie cuttings
or slips from older vines are planted
eight feet apart, or 680 to the acre. This
is the usual distance, though occasion-
ally a broader space is left for conveni-
ence in driving through the vinevard.

PICKING THE GRAPES.

The cultivating of the ground and the
pruning of the vines to insure strengtli
and stockiness are in no way different
from the processes familiar to the horti-
culturist of the east. The interest cen-
ters mainly in the mode of preparing the
grapes to figm'e as California raisins on
the table.

When the grape has attained that de-
gree of ripeness which indicates that
picking time has come the vine grower
gets together his help, if he is going to
see the thing through himself, or sells
the fruit as it stands to one of the big
packing comjaanies. Large crews of
men, women and children, often Chinese
or Mexicans, are engaged, and as the
sun rises they begin their day's work. A
sharij knife or shears separates the
bunches of fruit from the vine. Shallow
wooden trays of a size to be handled
easily are at hand, and into these the
clusters are placed very tenderly to
avoid bruising. When the tray is full
it is earned to the drying ground.

In southern California at this time of
the year there is almost perpetual sun-
shine, and no necessity exists for artifi-
cial heat in the drying process. The
tilled trays are placed in long rows in
open spaces where the sun has free ac-
cess, and at the end of twenty days the
product is dried grapes, which command
a comparatively small price in the mar-
ket. In many vineyards the trays, after
being filled one bunch deep, are leaned
against the vines and there allowed to
dry, the perfection of simplicity in the
curing process.

The trays are then taken to the pack-
ing house. There the shrunken clusters
are emptied into large sweating boxes
holding from 100 to 200 pounds each.
The grapes are in this manner deprived
of all moisture. Next comes the grad-
ing of the raisins according to commer-

THE d!;ying process.
oial value. The larger the clusters and
the individual grapes the better the
price. Suitable Ijoxes or f(^nns, calcu-
lated to hold about five pounds each, are
filled with carefully selected bunches
and placed under heavy pressure, which
comx)resses the grapes into layers. Four
of these layers, held t->^cther by inter-
locking stems, are ranged one above the
other in a pine box, wrajiped in gilt and
colored pajjer with a laced covering bear-
ing the brand and the packer's name,
and enter the trade as "twent}' pounds
net."

"London layers" — the highest class
and which bring a fancy price — are the
result of the first selection. In sorting a
great many of the large berries fall from
the stems. These are carefully gathered
up, run through a fanning mill, thor-
oughly cleaned and are then marketed
as "loose Muscatels." They are in every
respect as good as the layer raisins, but
bring a slightly lower price. The smaller
clusters are packed less expensively, and
are sold under various names. "Mus-
catels" is the common designation given
them. The smallest grade is known as
"seedless Misscatels," from the fact that
the half grown grapes of this class con-
tain no seeds.

The white Muscat grape is the stand-
ard variety grown for raisins.

"What are the profits of raisin grow-
ing?" is one of the first questions asked
by the newcomer. The necessary land
secured, there is quite a healthy margin
of profit. Cuttings usually cost about
.$2.50 a thousand, but 1-year-old rooted
vines, with which a more unifoi-m and
satisfactory stand can be obtained, can
be had for $10 to $12. An acre vineyard
twenty months old from the cuttings
has produced a crop that sold for $170
when made into raisins.

An acre vineyard six years of age pro-
duced thirteen and a half tons of grapes,
that were sold for $30 per ton on the
vine, yielding .$405. But these were ex-
ceiJtional. In Riverside, where the con-
ditions are admittedly favorable for raisin
culture, the price realized by the grower

for the grapes upon the vine from vine-
yards four years old and over, and suit-
ably cared for, varies with the seasons
and ranges from $100 to $1.50 per acre.
A number of grape growers who liave
packed and sold their own raisins liave
realized for several years past from $200
to $225 per acre net. The increase of
the raisin industry is shown by the fact
that in 1879 the first shipments amount-
ed to only 80,1)110 boxes, while in 1889
they exceeded ;300,000 boxes.

This j-ear the crop will not be so heavy,
as a fungus in the Santa Anna and San
Gabriel valli'vs has given the vines a
set back, but next season many young
vines will come into bearing, and if the
transportation question can be modified
so as to enable the California grower to
compete with the producers of southern
Europe, California will be in a position
to supjily the markets of the country
with a high gi-ade of raisins.

Pasadena. Calif.

QUEENS.

A Sure ITIctliod of Iiilrotliiciiis
New Queen-Bees.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY E. L. PRATT.

When the queen arrives in a Perfec-
tion cage, remove the thin lid from
over the screen-cloth, and place her as
she is received (if in good condition)
on top of the frames of some strong
colony, wire down, where she will re-
main quietly until wanted. Make sure
that the bees of this hive cannot get
at the provision candy that is in the
cage, because it will be needed to in-
troiluce the queen with.

Now go to a colony that is known to
be in a normal condition, with a laj--
ing queen. Remove the queen from
this hive, and cage or kill her. Leave
the bees in this queeiiless condition
from 36 to 48 hours — not over 72.

Now remove the queen from off the
tops of the frames of the strong col-
onj-, where she was left in , solitude,
and draw the plug so as to expose the
provision caudy. Immediately place
her with the (jueenless colony in such
a way that the bees of the hive can
tunnel through and release the queen.

Examine in a week, and }Oii will
find the new queen "safe and sound."
doing duty as the mother of that col-
ouj'.

If the cage is well provisioned, you
will be successful every time, and it is
not necessary to clip off queen-cells, or
shake the bees from the combs, or to
cage the poor things. The secret is.
letting the bees entirely alone after
putting in the strange queen. Try it.
and see for yourself.

Mai-lboro. Mass. *

666

T^mm mv^'smi^mm be® j@wMifMiu.

EXPERIMENT.

" Feeding Bark " — in Order to
Obtain Comb Honey.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY C. W. DAYTON.

The experiment which I am about to
describe, was maile in oi'der to deter-
mine the feasibility of feeding back
honey already gathered, when the
Queen-Restrictor is employed.

My Qiieeu-Restrictor may be adap-
• ted to contain any number of brood-
frames, but the one used in this exper-
iment contained only one frame. The
Queen-Restrictor to contain one frame
consists of the frame and perforated
sheets of zinc, so jn-epared and attach-
ed together as to confine the queen
upon one brond-comb, and no more,
while the worker-bees may pass unre-
strained. A reversing device is also
provided, so that the Restrictor may
be reversed to cause the destruction of
queen-cells.

Having previously prepared the Re-
strictor. as descriljed. on July 8. I
went to a prosperous colony occupying
a 10-frame hive. At tirst this colony,
with the hive, was removed from the
stand a little to one side, and an empty
hive placed on the stand instead. Then
one of the straightest, best-filled combs
of brood was selected ahd transferred
from its frame into the frame in the
Restrictor, and the queen hunted up
and placed upon it, and then all placed
in the center of the empty hive. The
vacant space on either side of the Re-
strictor was tilled with wide-frames of
sections, after which the remaining
combs were taken from the colony and
the bees shaken before the new hive,
which thej' readily entered, to join the
queen. These combs Ijeing rendered
destitute of bees were given to a nu-
cleus. There, also, was placed on the
top of the new hive-, a super of 21
sections.

The wide-frames held 24 sections,
making in all 45 4ix4}x7-to-the-foot
sections, to the colony. Separators
were used and the sections were filled
nearly full of newly made foundation
measuring about lOi feet to the pound.
This completed the arrangement of
the hive.

Everything being ready, a large,
shallow, slatted feeder, exactly the
size of the bottom of the hive, was
placed under the hive in place of the
bottom-board and the colony fed all
the honey it would take from the bee-
feeder.

At the start, from 3 to 4 pounds a
day was taken, and after 4 or 5 days
the amount increased to 7 to 12 pounds
per daj'. which was supplied to the
feeder twice a day, 6 pounds to a feed.

On July 15. the sections were ex-
amined and 40 sections of comb honey
removed, and 40 sections filled with
foundation, as before, put in their pla-
ces, and the feeding continued.

On July 21, 31 finished sections were
taken ; on July 26, 30 ; on July 30, 17;
after which, the surplus space being
full of sections, the experiment was
drawn to a close by feeding until the
sections were all finished, which was
on August 10, and all the sections
removed.

After weighing, it was found that
there were 163 sections weigliing, on
the average, a trifle over 14 ounces,,
and they cost 236 pounds of honey.
Figuring comb honey at 15 cents a
section, it is 124.45. Figuring honej'
at 7 cents in barrels, it equals .fib. 52.
or a difference of $7.93, not consider-
ing the cost of foundation and sec-
tions. A part of this hone}' was sold
at 15 cents a section.

It was noticeable of these sections,
that they were, without exception,
built out true and filled with honey
clear to the wood. What propolis
there was (and there was very little)
ajjpeared to be white wax ; the bees
having not much use for wax. they
seemed to use it in place of glue.

Several other colonies were experi-
mented with, more or less like the one
described, and the amount of food re-
quired to perfect 50 14-ounce sections,
always fell below 80 pounds ; and in
one trial. 50 sections were completed
on less than 72 pounds of food.

This experim(!nt was made in behalf
of necessity. I have studied mucli to
find a device or system that would pre-
vent such large quantities of brood
being reared during the harvest, and I
have foimd it in restraining the queen
from laying at certain seasons. In
short, to contract the brood-nest with-
out changing the usual hive space.

It is my belief that there are queens
prolific enough to maintain 10 combs
full of brood, up to the close of the
honey harvest, wheu the brood cannot
but hatch out a set of something like
50.000 idle boarders. All the bees
that hatch in the 10 days preceding
the end of the harvest, are useless also.
These two numbers equal 75,000 bees.
Reckoning 7,000 bees to a pound, we
have lOi pounds. Calling a pound of
bees equivalent to 3 pounds of honey,
and the time and labor of the old bees
in caring for the bees, 2 pounds, it
reaching a total equivalent of 52J
pounds of honey, which is worse than
lost. The most of those colonies which
are not read}' to swarm before the
harvest, are found to have the largest
amounts of hatching brood in their
hives, at and near the end of the
harvest, when there is no honey for
them to gather.

The aim of my experiments this sea-
son has been mostly to find a way to
make this large number of unseasona-
ble bees profitable.

I am satisfied that, at the present
prices of comb and extracted honej-.
there is a wide margin of profit over
the cost of the teed, in feeding back
extracted honey to obtain comb honey;
and what remains is to ascertain if it
will pay for the labor.

It has gone to record many times
that 2 or 3 pounds of extracted honey
is required to obtain one pound of
comb honey, and my faith in that
record prevented mj' experiments in
that direction until now.

Clinton, Wis.

SYRIAN BEES.

Their Extra-Prolific Queens not
Advantageous.

Written for the American Rural Home

BY G. M. DOOLITTLE.

I see by the papers that some are,
still puffing the .Sj'rian bees, as just
the bees for the • multitude" to keep,
one of the reasons which is given for
there so thinking, is that of their extra
prolificness. To make this idea more
emphatic, one writer says all his expe-
rience in bee-keeping has tended to
make him value prolificness in a queen
above all other qualities. He wants
them to be so prolific that lots of brood
will be reared at all seasons of the
year when the weather will permit
He wants the hive overflowing with
Isees in the spring of the year, in the
summer, and in the fall as well. Such
words as these are a great surprise to
me. If he had modified this statement
so as to make it read, that he valued
the pi'olificness of a queen above all "
other qualities, when it could be so
regulated that such prolificness would
be of the greatest profit to the* bee-
keeper. I would hold up both hands
for it ; but wheu he writes that he re-
gards the prolificness in a queen at all
times of the }'ear above all other qual-
ities, the printer either made him saj'
what he did not intend to, or else he is
very much mistaken. Here, where we
have but about 6 weeks during the
whole season in which the bees make
anj' gain in honey, what we want is a
queen that can be coaxed to fill the
hive to over-flowing with brood during
a few weeks previous to this honey
harvest, and laj' just as few eggs at all
other times as is consistent with ac-
complishing the above object.

If the writer of the above had a piece
of work which he must accomplish at
a certain time If he was to receive any
profit therefrom, he would hire his
help before that time expired or not at

Tmm MMEMicKr* mwm j&iSMTSimi^.

667

all. If he wished •• help " at a certain
time, anil they did not come until too
late, sundy he would not keep and
board them G or 8 months because it
was not convenient for tliem to come
sooner. Oh. no, ho would tell them
that he did not want tliem, for it was
too late. So I say, that when he says
that he wauts the hive over-flowing
with bees in the fall, only to consume
honey during the winter and die be-
fore the next honey harvest comes,
there must be a mistake somewhere.

Why I prefer the It.alian bees to all
others, is for the reason that they are
more susceptible of being handled so
as to get the hive over-flowing with
bees at the right time, than are the
bees of any other race. Also, that as
soon as the honey harvest arrives, the
queen will cease her proliticness, and
thus we do not have a lot of "hungry
hands" to board, when they are of no
use to the apiarist. To show that I am
not alone in this, I will quote thj fol-
lowing from one of our largest honey
producers, who a few years ago was
quite a prominent writer for the vari-
ous bee-papers: "I get ver}- much the
best results from my purest and most
yellow Italians. The Italians seem to
be much more disposed to p.artially
stop brood-rearing, and bend all their
energies to honey-gathering whenever
there is a heavy flow of nectar, than
any other kind of bees which I have
tried, and this is a very great ad-
vantage."

That the Syrian bees cannot be
managed so as to get a large amount
of brood at any other time, save in a
heavy flow of honey, is one of the
worst faults that any race of bees can
possess ; for an extra amount of brood
during the honey yield, always means
a multitude of mouths to feed after the
honey harvest is past.

I tried the Syrian bees with the only-
hope that they would prove better than
the bees which I already had, but when
I found out that I could not coax the
queens of this race to lay eggs rapidly
except in the honey harvest, I saw that
it would be an impossibility for them
to give a large yield of honey. After
doing mj' very best with them the sec-
ond year, thinking that I might not
have full}' understood them at first, I
was obligeil to record only 50 pounds
of honey from the 6 colonies which I
had, while I had to feed them a large
amount to get them prepared for win-
ter, taking combs of sealed honey
from the Italians to do the feeding
with, while the same number of Italian
colonies gave over 500 pounds of sur-
plus during the same time and with the
same management.

The Syrian bees would increase but
little till the honey harvest arrived,
when- they would crowd every availa-

ble cell witii brood, whicli Ijrood would
u.se up ^nearly all the honej' the few
workers reared before, I'ould gather
while the honey harvest lasted, ■ On
tlie contrary, wlicn the honey harvest
opened, tlic Italians would have a hive
over-flowing with bees and everj' comb
lilled with brood, and this brood would
graduall}' decrca.se till at the end of
the harvest I had lots of honey and but
few mouths to feed.

Here is an item which many bee-
keepers seem to overlook in following
their profession. Bees are only of
value when the}' come in time to take
advantage of tlie honey flow, and
whether througli the race of bees or
the carelessness of the apiarist we fail
in this point, little profit, or none at
all, is sure to be the result.

Then again, these Sjriau bees arc
subject to the laying-worker nuisance
to a greater degree than any of the
other races, which in my estimation is
a fault of itself great enough to war-
rant us in not keeping them, if they
were as good as the other races of bees
in all other respects. Every time a
change of queens is made, tliese la}'-
ing workers lill the cells with eggs so
that the combs are filled with drone
brood before the j'oung queens get to
laying, so that they have little room in
which to deposit eggs after they be-
come fertile, while these useless drones
require much honey in their rearing
and afterward ; besides, drones in
worker comb does not leave the comb
in very good shape for after-using.

Borodino. N. Y.

sci^^M^^M

fi/j^ li^TmmmBmf^

Honey, Itirtis and Flo^Ter<«.

We have had one of the best honey flows
I ever saw in this section. Spring opened
early, and swarms began to issue in March,
and continued uutil July. I have 150 col-
onies in Simplicity and dovetailed hives.
I worked about 40 colonies for extracted
honey, and the rest for comb honey, in
one-pound sectious. I have some of the
finest comb honey I ever saw, gathered
from horse-mint and sour-wood. I am sell-
ing it without any trouble in the home
market. Fall flowers are beginning to
yield honey now, and they look promising
for a good crop. This is one of the pleas-
antest climates to live in— so many birds
and flowers. Willie Doiglass.

Lexington, Texas, Sept. 22, 1890.

Bee-Keepins: in Florida, etc.

We have 1,300 colonies of mostlj- Italian
bees, and have taken only 13 barrels of a
very poor qualit3' of honey, and fear that
we will have to buy sugar for them, as
there is no honey here. What is the best
way to prepare sugar for feeding them ;
There are over 2,380 colonies of bees in
this neigborhood, and all failed to gather

lioney. Them was lots of bloom, but it
failed to secrete any nectar. The cold
wave in the spring was the cause ; the
bloom seemed to be dwarfed. We had
great hopes of a fall flow, to feed the bees,
Imt it rains every day, so things look
gloomy ; but we must not let the bees
starve. We can imly hope for a good How
next season, and good prices. It will not
do to be discouraged. We must examine
every colony, and see that they have a
good living, which will be 3.5 or 10 pounds
each, as our bees commenced to get their
living about the first of February, from the
orange bloom, maple and other swamp
blooms.

At one of our apiaries the bears made
several raids. We killed two of them, and
shot one more ; two others we did not get
to shoot, but they have taken warning, and
left. They are great lovers of honey, even
risking being shot for it. The last one that
came was shot about eight times before she
got enough of it. We hope that she will
stay in the swamps and let the bees alone,
as she is a bad " apiarist." She would take
up a hive and carry it eight or ten steps
from the bench, then take off the cover,and
eat all of the honey, and scatter all the
brood on the ground. She would take three
to four hives every night, and destroyed
20 or more colonies, as no one was living
at the apiary. Alderman & Roberts.

Wewahitchka, Fla., Sept. 15, 1890.

Bees in Fine Uonditiou.

My bees did very well, considering the
poor season. I obtained 309 pounds from
4 colonies, spring count, and the bees are
in fine condition for winter.

Jennings, Mich. W. H. Fowler.

Small Crop ot Honey.

This has been the poorest season for
honey since I have kept bees. My average
is 3 pounds to the colony, spring count— all
from linden bloom. I had 2 colonies that I
wished to hreak up, and I killed their
queens in July, and afterwards destroyed
all the queen-cells, and I thought that they
were hopelessly queenless, but about Sept.
1, I found brood in both hives, in all stages.
Now will some one please tell me where
they got their queens i Jesse White.

Perry, Iowa, Sept. 20, 1890.

Bee-lieeping' in Mississippi.

Bees are as busy bringing in honey and
pollen now as I ever saw them, and it is
nearly all from golden-rod, but some of it
from other flowers. We are glad to have
a flow from some source or other, for our
bees needed it, and right badly too. About
two weeks ago some colonies did not have
5 pounds of honey ; to-day they have about
25 pounds- enough to winter on, and save
feeding— a thing which I once thought I
would have to do. Some of my Italian
bees have stored from 10 to 15 pounds of
surplus comb honey within the last week,
and I think they will give me at least 25
pounds before they stop. I said last year
that I did not think that golden-rod yielded
much honey, but I will change now, and
say that it does yield, and abundantly— at
least in some seasons. I reared a fine lot
of Italian queens this year, and now have
but one colony of black "bees, a few hybrids,
and the balance pure Italians. There is no
surplus honey of any account here.

W. R. Tate.

Goodman, Miss., Sept. 26, 1890.

Clnbs of 5 for $4.00 to any addresses.
Ten for $7.50, if all are sent at one time.

668

T«® mvaJBMlGmm BH® JQ'^RKMIr.

^^^E]RI(DAg^^.;j,.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

AI.FKI-:i> II. I^KIV^IA.K,

BtSINESS MANAOEB.

business 3]loticc5.

___ ' Subscribers who do not receive their
papers prompt!}-, should notify us at once.

JI^" Send us OJie new subscription, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

J^" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price §1.00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

B^" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 2b cents per ounce, by express.

13'" Send us twn new subscriptions, with
S2.00, and we will present you with a
"Globe" Bee-Veil for your trouble. (See
the fuller notice in the advertising col-
umns.)

l^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

CL.lIBUII^«i l^ISX.

,^^ ■ Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them aud get them to
subscribe witji you.

B^~ Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our JuUK-
>'ALat-S1.85 for the two; or with both our
Home Jovunai. and Bee Joukn'al for $2.25
for all three papers.

J[^f" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write American Bee
Journal on the comer of your envelopes to
save confusion and delaj".

|^~ Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices:

For .'iO colonies (120 pages) $100

" 100 colonies it220 pages) 1 '25

■' 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

^^ When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

J^" A "Binder" made especially for
the American' Bee Journal, and lettered
in gold, makes a very convenient way of
preserving the copies of the Bee Journal
as fast as they are received. We offer it,
postpaid, for 60 cents ; or as a premium for
two new subscriptions, with $2.00. It can-
not be mailed to Canada.

DENVER, Sept. l.'i.— We quote: 1-lbs., Hrst
grade, lC)@,18c. Beeswax, 20@25c.

J. M. CLARK COM. CO.. 1517 Blake St.

BOSTON, Sept. 27.— We quote best white clo-
ver 1-lbs. at 1 d(S 18c. Extracted, 7(!l:9e. per lb.
Beeswax. 28c.

BLAKE & RIPLEY, 37 Chatham Street.

NEW YORK. Sept. 12.— Honey is iu excellent
demand, aud finds ready sale at the following
prices: Fancy white 1-lbs., 16(o;18c: tainc. 2-
Ihs., 14®15c;bfl-grades. 1-lbs.. i:vri l.">c; same.
2-lbs.. 12(ail3c; buckwheat, 1-lbs.. Il((!l2c;
same, 2-lbs.. 10(311c. Extracted, clover aud
Imsswood, 8e: buckwheat, 6c; California, 6U
@7c. HILDEETH BROS. & SEGELKEN.
28-30 West Broadway.

CHICAGO, Sept. 10.— Honey has sold well of
late, despite the higher range of prices— 17®
18c being the valui' of white comb iu 1-pound
sections, and sells upon arrival; the weather
being cool, a brisk trade is now being expe-
rienced. Extracted also sells quickly at 7®Sc
in barrels and cases. Supply lair.

R. A. BURNETT, 161 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY. Sept. 20.— Demand for comb
honev continues good, but supply light. We
(juote: Choice white 1-lbs.. 1H(§H 8c. : light 1-
Ibs.. 14(®16c.; dark 1-Uis.. 10®12c. Extracted
white, 6@7c.; dark, .-■i"6c. Beeswax, 2.-)e.
CLEMONS. MASON & CO..

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

CHICAGO, Sept. 10.— New honey arriving
very slowly, demand active, and all receipts
are "taken promptly. We quote: White clover
1-lbs., lti®18c.: 2-Uis., 14®15c. ; dark 1-lbs.,
ll(t/12c; 2-lbs., 9®10c. Extracted meets with
quick sale, values ranging from CV'2@7'/4 cts.,
depending upon quality and style of package.
Beeswax, 28@:)0c.

S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY. Sept. 11.— Demand for comb
honev is larger than the receipts. We quote:
Whitel-lbs., IGc. : 2-lbs.. 14c. Dark 1-lbs. i:!c.;
2-lbs.. 12c. E.xiraciiil.xvhite, 7c.; dark, .o®6c.
No beeswax on the market.

HAMBLJN A; UEAKSS. 514 Walnut St.

DETROIT. Sept. 10.— Comb honey is selliug
at 14®16c; very littl'- in the market. Extrac-
ted, 7@8c. Beeswax. 2(ic lor good.

M. H. HINT. Bell Brauch, Mich.

CINCINNATI, Sept. 22.— Demand is good for

all kinds of honey. The arrivals are fair. We

quote: Choice comb, 14@16c.; extracted, 5 ',4

0i8c.

Beeswax is in good demand at 24@.26c.. for

•ood to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH & SON,

Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

'%Ve Cliib the Amer'ican Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the L ASX
column. The regular price of both is givea
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book :
Price of both. Club.
The American Bee Journal $1 00 —

and Gleanings in Bee-Culture 2 00..

Bee-Keepers' Guide 150.

Bee-Keei)ers' Reyiew 1 50. .

The Apiculturist 1 75..

Bee-Keepers' Advance 1 50..

Canadian Bee Journal 2 00 .

The 7 above-uamed papers 5 25..

and Langstroth Revised iDadant) 3 00 . .
Cook's Manual (1887 edition) 2 25..
Quinliy's New Bcc-Keepiug. 2 50..
Dooliltle ou Quein-Rcaring. 2 00. .
Bees and Honey i Ne\vman) . . 2 00 . .
Binderfor Am. Bcclournal. 1 60..
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth). 3 00..
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25. .

Farmer's Account Book 4 00 . .

Western World Guide 150..

Heddon's book, "Success,".. 1 30..
A Year Among the Bees — 150..

Convention Hand-Book 1 50.

Weekly Inter-Occan 2 00..

Toronto Globe (weekly) 2 00..

History of National Society. 1 50. .
American Poultry Journal.. 2 25..
The Lever (Temperance) — 2 00..

I>o not send to us for sample copies
of any other papers. Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.

1 75
1 40
1 40
1 65
1 40

1 80
5 00

2 7.5
2 00
2 25
1 75
1 75

1 50

2 00
2 10
2 20
1 30

, 140
, 1 35
, 1 30
. 1 75
. 1 70
. 1 25
. 1 50
. 1 75

CoiiTentiom Notices.

tw Tlie Southwestern Wisconsin Bee-Keepers'
Soriety. will meet im Oft. 8, 1890, tit the residence of
E. France, Platteville, Wis. U. KICE, Sec.

fyThe annual meeting of the Union Bee-Keep-
ers' Association, will he held at Hamilton. Ills., on
Oct. 10 and 11, 1P90. .\ Kood time is anticipated.
DANIEL Shank, Sec.

tW TheSth semi-annual meeting of the Susque-
hanna County Bee-Keepers' Association will be held
at Montrose, Pa., on 'I'huraduy. Miiy 7. 1891.

H. M. SEELEY.Sec.

tS' The next meeting of the York and Cumber-
land Bee-Keepers' Association, will be held at
(i(.odwin's Mills. Me., on Oct. IP, 1891). All per.sons
interested are Invited. C. W. Costellow, Sec.

tSf"'rhe fall meeting of the Central Mictiigan
Bee-Keepers' Association, will meet in the Pioneer
Kooms, Capitol Building, Lansing. Mich., on Wed-
nesday, Oct. 15, I8yo, to commence at 10 a.m.

W. A. Barnes, Sec.

jy The next meeting of the Turkey Hill Bee-
Keepers' Association, will be held at the Turkey
Hill Grange Hall, near Wilderman's Station, three
miles southeast of Belleville, Ills., on Oct. 3i), l.-»o.
All interested in bee-keeping are cordially invited.

A. Fkhk. Sec.

ty The Missouri State Bee-Keepers' Association
will meet at Mexico, Mo , on Oct. 22 and 2:i. isno. A
good programme, and an instructive and interesting
time are expected. All are invited to attend. Boa,r(l
can be obtained for 7.1 cts. per day, or 2o cts. a meal.
J. W. RoosB. Sec, Mexico, Mo.

CATARRH.

CATARRHAL DEAFNESS-HAY FEVER.
A New Home Treatment.

Sufferers are not generally aware that
these diseases are contagious, or that they
are due to the present e of living parasites
in the lining membrane of the nose and
eustachian tubes. Microscopic research,
however, has proved this to be a fact, and
the result of this discovery is that a simple
remedy has been formulated whereby
catarrh, catarrhal deafuess and hay fever
are permanently cured iu from one to three
simple applications made at home by the
patient once in two weeks.

N. B— This treatment is not a snuff or an
ointment; both have been discarded by
reputable physicians as injurious. A
pamphlet explaining this new treatment is
sent free on receipt of stamp to pay pos-
tage, by A. H. Dixon & Son, 337 and 339
West King Street, Toronto, Canada.—
Christian Advocate.

Sufferers from Catarrhal troubles should
carefully read the above.
50E26t Imly.

Trial Siil»scril>crs.— In order to get
as many as possible to read the American
Bee Journal, we will take Trial Subscrib-
ers from the time the subscription is
received until the end of 1890 for 25 cents
each. Or for any one sending us $1.00 for
1891, we will give the numbers for this
year free from the time the subscription is
received at this office— so the sooner they
subscribe the more they will get for the
money.

CIiiI>!« of 5 New Subscriptions for $4.00,
to any addresses. Ten for $7.50.

the; MBtERICSP* ®EK JQURISTRI^.

669

^ducvtiscmcuts.

Seii(125f,

For my Hook of Discovery

atnl linention.
Tlie Queen Ketilrictor

AdcJrcss.
C. W. OAVTOV. . <1iiiloti. Wis.
Mention the American Bee J*yu^-nai.

mumi mnm.

Ti) !i L'funpetciit
.'o(Ml-workdr, who
thoroughly unrlerstiinds the niumituctiire
of Bee-Hives, Sections, eir. Address, with
refereuces, W. H. Putnam, Kiver Falls, Wis
38Atf
Mention the American Bee Journal.

For Sale !

25,000 pounds of the
verv Finest COMB
H<>lVliV, in seaut 1-
Ib. Sections, put up in
white f?asswood Cases
holding 12 Sections— glass on one side of the
Cases, showing off the honey nicely. A very
fancy lot. The price is 20 cents per pound
on board the cars here. Who wants the lot V

L. W. BALDWIN & SON,

40Att INDEPENDENCE, MO.

Mention tlie American Dee Journal.

GROUND CORK

FOR

Packing Bees for Winter.

rj^ms consists of Email pieces about the
.-'- eize of a pea, and is an e.vcellent thing for
packing Bees in winter. Prices : In original
packages of 100 pounds, $4.00, measuring 14
bushels.; smaller quantities, 10 cents per lb. ;
or a seamless sack, containiug 15 fi)s , $1.00.

THOMAS G. NEWMAU' & SON,

240 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Mention the American Bre Journal.

lag^rGLJftN'erc^

jSAMPUCOPfj

Mentioti t). , American Bix Juunioi.

c

J. FORNCKOOK & CO.,

MANUFACTURERS OF THE

BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTIONS,

WILL furnish you, the coming season. ONB
PIKCE 3KGTIONS, sanU-papered on both sides
—as rhCHP as the oheaoesi, and better than the best.
t^ Write for prices.
Watertown. Wis.. Jan. 1. 1S!)0. ICly

Mention the A.merican Bee Journal,

Electrotypes of Engravings.

WE can furnish Electrotypes of all the
Engravings used in this Journal or in
our Catalogue, at 25 cenls per square inch.
If to be sent by mail, add 10 cts. for postage.
Nosingle Electrotype sold for less than 25 cts.
Measure from outside points shown, on both
iength and width of the printed impression,

TH08. O. NEWUAK A SOX,

246 East Madison-Street, - - CHICAGO. ILL.

Mention the American Bee Jounuil.

' J-^t ^?h7?*^ JM. f^K ,^*-:, ^-*'.- .f^^ .'•-,. .^M- ij^~'

ELECTaiCin.HOME TREATMEHT

■ ALL PHYSICIANS AGREE J^'i^'i^^^i^-'iPt^iS^r^''^*''

mild Elect ricalcurrt-nt will east; ttie wJiuk-budy, giving tUat swi,et sleep tu tl.o

well and tirud, a.^ to tLe invalid BUU'eiiug from bluud iiud clironic diseust'.-", and

who find iiijrht tlielrworMt time to rewt. ELEOTIfilCl T Y will tiirely re-
lieve and intUousaiids of casesi perraaiienllycureany of tliotul lowing a !.■!■' .i.^es;

Paralysis, fc'::iatli-a. Ni-Tvoustiess, Nouralyia, Citarid, L>s8 of Voice, At-tJuiia.,

Mularia, Dyspepsia, Liver Cwmplaint, Cunstipatloii, Rlieumatism, l)isea3i--s of

tlie Kitlneys, Female Complaints, Kerainal Vvt-aJcness, Impotence, Varicoeel--,

Hydrocele, Exhaustcl Vitanty. resulting from igiiuraiK-i-, Overtaxation, uiiut-

tiiig tiie victim fur work, tju.aness. or lue suLiuI and otner lelations

of mankind. The Dattery id tU^says leady, aud can be used at a

ujoment'snolice.
Bv all means use the WILLIAMS' niAT, or PERFECTION BATTERY.
TlielMal Uiitlery is eiieiused in a Ijeautinillv polished maliut;un\ tin

l.'^hedi)...x,:in.hiKh,8deepand}(wide. A lithe Uitei lor parts are nickel

plated and finished inthe very best atylc. It yives five different t-Ui

rents. The strength .g rejfulaied by ihe Dial: tliisshowEthequantitv

or electricity you take. The Batterv cannot tret out of order, aid it

IS imp()3sil)le to cause injui-y in anvwav. Tlie regular price of ll

Dial Battery iajwelve Dollars L^ia.OO). but to introduce it. we i

for the next 9P diys. fill orders for t)iis splendid machiue at th
Tyhole»>alc prieot ^!*.(>0.
OIR PKKFKt'TIO.N ItATTFKT,
Standing C inches high. 5 1-2 de.p by r. 1 2
Avide, js a marvel in beauty and finlth. and
thoroughly reJiah'e. It gives five diffei
entcunenis. Price, Five Pollars(d5.00i
Our Batteries are securely bnsed and
shipped to any part of the country, on
receiptor price. We send C. O. D. on re-
ceipt of One Dollar (.ubjeit to full examination at Express Offlre by y«ur^
raniily phy»U-inn, if .vou so desire. Send m.uiev bv registered letter post ofiiceil
order, or bank draft. UNITED STATES BATTERY AGENCY, f
■tf ^sS5aR-aSPffl'aff7GrrfSlB*<3^«.r,«.,. . ^""^ * '"^ Montague Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.V

f ^^SSPUP^^^CIRCULARS, GIVING FULL INSTRUCTIONS, SENT ON APPLICATION.!

^gmm

SPECIAL DISCOUNT

ON HIVES.

CIHCUL
;iad
C'entei'-par
Price-List,
•:iCi:!t

AR Saw, Iron Frame, Steel Shafts,
,\rbor"s Maehine-Cut Gears. Iron
t in top. yend for Circular and
J. M. IflAKSToN A- CO..

7.5 LcMio.x Street, BOSTON, MASS.

PATENTS !

PATENTS. Caveais, and Trade-Marks pro-
cured, Rejecied Applications Kei'ived and
Prosecuted. All business belore the U. S.
Patent Ollice piomntl.v attended to for mod-
erate tees, and rio cliHrfre niHde uf:leps Parent
is secured. Send tor "INVENTOR'S GUIDE."
FRANKI.IIV H. HOI «H,
SlCtf WASHINGTON, D. C.

Barnes' Foot-Power Machinery,

__^ Head whatJ.I. PAREXT.ot

-" - CHARLTON,N.Y.,Bay8— "We

cut with one of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter
■"^i' chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
l*«i honey-racks, snn broad
frames, li.i ii (.j honey-boxes
and a creat deal of other
work. This winter we have
double the amount of bee-
hives, etc., to make and we
expect to do it with this Saw.
. It will do all you say it will."
"^y Catalogue and Price - l^ist

Address, W. F.& JOHN BAHNES,

No. 196 Ruby St., ftockford. III.

Kree.
«Ctf

British. Bee Jo-umal

AND BEE-KEEPEKS' ADVISEE,
TS published every week, at 68. 6d, per

J- annum. It contains the very best practical
Information for the apiarist. It is edited by
Thomas Wm. Cowan, F,G.S., P.R.M.S etc and
published by John Huckle, King's 'Laniley
Herts, England.

IN order to keep our factor,v running during
the fall and winter months, we will make
a discount of 10 per cent, on all orders for
Hives received before Jan. 1, 1891, and after
that date, until March 1, we will make a dis-
count of 5 per ceul. from our Catalogue
prices.

The experience of the last season should
prompt every bee-keeper to have his supply of
Hives, etc., cm hand before the season com-
mences, and avoid the rush.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

•246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.
Mention the American Bee Jounuil.

WMm

t^ f-A/gf/?AV£JfS roots & s'i/fi^L/F^ ' ^

.„.^„. ,,. , CH'

Mention tlie America7i Bee Journal.

THE "I^EVIEW."

SOME OF TEE. Tones IT EAS DISCfSSED.

"The Production of Comb Honey,"
was Ihe (special tctpic of the April Dumber.

'•HovLL to Raise Extracted Honey,"
was iiiscns«p(i in tlipMay iirsue.

•'Comforts and Conveniences foi»
the Apiar,v," were named and (lescril>p(l in .Jane.

" From the Hive to the Honey
Market,' was the topic of the Jul.v issue.

•' IVIarketing," Will be the Special
topic of till' .\ni;nst number.

The ••Revietu" is Published
monthl.v. at F.O .t.s. a year. Send for samples
(free! and .see if >oa can aflord to be without it.

Address Bee-Keepeps' Revietu,
w z HuTCHmson, ed. & Pr^p Flint, Mich.

23Ctf Mention the American Bee Journal

670

TM©^ mpi/im;Mi^MM mmm j@wmmm%^»

Tin Pails for Honey.

THESE Pails have full covers, and are excellent
for selliny Honey in the Home Market; and
after the Honey granulates in them, it can be
shipped anywhere with perfect safety. All sizes
have a bail, or handle, and when empty are useful
in every household.

The enpraving shows STRAIGHT
TIN PAI1>S. of which there are ;i sizes,
liokling ^e^^pectively 3, 5 and lo lbs. of
ll'tney. Assorted Samples of the 3
- 1 /,<^'* will be sent by express for 40 cts.
Ill quantities, the prices are:
Per d07.
Gallon. ..holds 10 lbs .. $1.S0.

i^.-Gallon. holds 5 lbs 1.50.

(Juart. holds 3 lbs l.i>0-

Per 100

..$12.00

. 9.00

7.00

The second engraving represents
THE TAPERING TIN PAILS-
made heavier and stronger than
those with straight sides. The
covers are deeper, and the top-
edge of the Pail is doubled over,
making it smooth and convenient
to handle. Of the Tapering Pails
there are five sizes, viz: l-lb., 4-Ib.,
7-Ib.. I3-Ib., and 2rj-lb. Assorted
Samples of these will be shipped

In quantities, the prices

by express for 75 cents.
are as follows :
To hold l-lb. 4-lb8.

Perdozen. $ .75 t\.2r>.

Per lotf, 5.00 S.CK.). .

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SOIV,

246 East Madison Street. - CHICAGO, ILL.

V-lbs.

I3-lb8.

25-lbs.

$ 1.50..
10.00. .

..» 2.'X)..
.. 14.50..

..$ 3.25
.. 23,00

Bee -Hives, Sections, &c.

On and after Feb. 1, 1890, we will sell our
No. 1 V-groove Sections in lots of 500 as fol-
lows: Less than 2,000 at $3.50 per thousand;
2,000 to 5,000 .at $3.00 per thousand. Write
for special prices on larger quantities. No. 2
Sections $2.00 per thousand. Send for Price
List for other Supplies. Address,

J. 8TAUFFER Sc SONS,

(Successors to B. J. Miller & Co.)
31Atf NAPPANEE, IND

BEESWAX WANTED.

Beeswax.— We wil! pay 25 vents per

pound, in Cash, for Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
ered here.

It^" To avoid mistakes, the name of the
shipper should always be on each package.

THOS. G. NEWMAN A: SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO. ILL.

PATENT WIRED COMB FODNDATION

H.VS NO SA«; IN BKOOD FK.V.IIES.

THIN FLAT BOTTOM FOUNDATION

Han uo Fisli-boiie lit SiirplutiiHouey.

Being the cleanest is usually worked
the quickest of any Foundation made.
J. VAN 1>E( SEN A: SONS,

Sole Manufacturers.
Sprout Bruok. Montgomery Co., N. V.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Scientific (^leeii-Rearing

AS PRACTICALliY APPLIED ;

Being a Method by which the very best of

Queen-BeeN are reared in perfect accord

with Nature's Vk'ay ; by

G. M. DOOLITTLE.

In this book the author details the results
of his Experiments in Hearing- Queen-Bees for
the past four or five years, and is the first
to present hie discoveries to the World.

Bound ih Cloth— 176 pages— Price, $1.00,
postpaid ; or, it will be Clubbed with the
American Bee Journal one year, for $1.75—
with the Illustrated Home Journal, for $1.25 ;
or the two Journals and the Book for $2,00.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, I [,L.

HANDLING BEES

APAMPH1,ET, treating of the taming
and handling of bees. Just the thing for
beginners. ]t is a chapter from *^'riie Hive
and Hoiiey-Bee, revised." Price, 8 cts.
Advice to beginners. Circulars, &c., free.

CHAS. DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ills

^QUARE }|ONEY [^ANS

The above illustration shows the 60 pound
SQf.\itE Honey Cvns which are becoming
quite popular for shipping extracted honey.
Tbey are enclosed in
a solid case of wood,
and the boxes contain
either one or two Cans
as may be preferred.

We can fin'iiish them
at the following prices,
with a l)-^-inch Screw
( 'ap in the corner of
each Can.

For the convenience
of digging out candied
hiiney, we can furnish
these Cans with an
additional four-inch Screw Cap for 5 cents
extra on each Can.

1 Single Can (boxed) « .45

13 " Cans... " .'i.OO

100 " "... " 40.00

1 box of two Cans 75

12 boxes " 8.40

100 " " 65.00

THOMAS G. NEWUAIT & SOIT,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

lufkefs for Market

AMI

Hufkefs for Profit,

By "FANNY FIELD."

The most profitable Turkey Raiser
in America.

Written expressly for those who are in-
terested in Turkeys and wish to make
them proiitable.

She raised in one year 150 Turkeys doing
the work for a family of five — netting her
|i300. No farming jiays so well as turkeys.
Farmers' wives and daughters make the
best Turkey raisers.

CONTENTS:

Age of breeding stock, about the Gobler.

Which breeds .Tre best and most
proiitable. Setting the Eggs.

Care while hatching, profit per head.

Care until fully feathered.

Food for the young. [Prices.]

Save the feathers, they bring good

Number of hens to a gobler.

Naraganset Turkeys — White Turkeys.

Bronze Turkeys — Common Turkeys.

To restore Chilied Turkeys.

Diseases of Turkeys.

Leg weakness. Killing and Dressing.

Mark your Turkeys — Marketing.

Capital and number to begin with

Tells everything about turkey business.

For sale at this office
Price 25 Cents.

t^^~ Giveu for One New Subscriber
to this Journal tor ouc year, with $1 .00.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
246 East Madison Street, • CHICAGO, ILLS

Muth's Honey-Extractor,

Perfection Cold-Blast Smokers,
St^UARE ti}LAS8 HOi>ET-JAR»$, etc.

For Circulars, apply to

CHAKLES F. MVTH <Se SON,

("or. Freeman & Central Ave»., CINCINNATI, O.
P. 8.— Send 10c. for Practical Hints to Bee-Eeeperp.

$0.00 «f;v:.."i

WILL BUY.

vill close out my Apiary
100 Colonies of Bees in
flue coMilition, at $.'( per Colony
—good Colonies, good Hives, with enough hoii-
ey to winter on. Address,
,34ATt J. A. KING, ITIaiikato, lUlnii.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

TAKE NOTICE!

BEFORE placing yourOrders for SUPPL,! ES,
write irir prices on One-Piece Basswood Sections
Bee- Uives. ShippinK- Crates, Frames, Foundation,
Smokers, etc. Address,

K. H. SCHMIDT Jb CO.,

lAly NEW LONDON, Waupaca Co. WIS.

Mention the American Bee Joumni-

Xctj'jtgpr 'Sicnni-BEitimg.

firgnn fuc ollt JuiRtr Scutliflir ^iinof-

iMUii]ftc unb vcididaltiflfte
illiiftvierto tiienenuiivt(d)afflicf|e
'.'.'couatoidivift. i'Jitaibeitcv;
jdiaft bev lievuovvacjenbfteit
,'\uifcv. 'i^eliebtcfte uiib ucvs
-_r'z Ineitotftc i^ieueii',tituitci in gaii;
ri'iitjd)lciiib luib Oftcvveid).
'iUei'o pro 3n[H' 'W V'i PoUir.
■jH'fteUuiigeii fiiib an nii]even
_ ".!H'rtvetcr, .sifvvn lUijfionSpves
hiiU'v Stephen Roese in Maiden Rock
(Wisconsinj jii liditen. '}5vobe£)cfte unijonft iini>
frt'i uon beinielben.

LOOK HERE !

rilESTKD Italian lliieens, $1 00 each:

i~ Untested. 7.1C.: I'J-pound Shippiuff Cases
in flat, per 100, $6.00 ; i.vO g-lass for same, per
100,70c.; perSOO, $;i.0O. Price-List free.

Address. J. M. KINZIE,

20Aly ROCHESTHK. OalilandCo.. MlCIl.

Mention the .4nieri>in Bee Journal.

lylTE lia^'c had splendid success this season.

VV We believe we lane fiiled all orders up to
date, and can nowscml <'ariiiolaii A. Italian
Queens by return niail, providing' you do not
all order at once. Wo shall have about 100
of tliose Beautiful Yelloiv fariiiolan
Qneeiis ready to ship during: September— a
new strain of bees pnssissinf.' all the desirable
points of Carniolans. wiih color added. Price
of all Queens. $1.00 larli, by mail.

E. L. PRATT, PRATT BEE-FARM,

:SAtf

Marlboro, mass.

•rmm MMemcMP* mmm j&JsmnmL.

675

EDITOR.

Vol. mi, octiim No. 41,

Mr. <'lias. ]>adaiit and wife passed
through Chicago last week ou their way
home from Northern Wisconsin, where
they have been spending a few weeks for
rest and health. He says he never felt
better than now.

Free Xrial Xrip subscriptions are
coming in quite rapidly. We thank our
friends for this new illustration of their
personal interest in the Bee Journax. We
want thousands to read it for a few weeks
who did not know of its existence. Do not
be afraid of sending too many names. Let
us have the name and address of every
person who keeps bees in America.

Xiie Indiana State Fair was a suc-
cess. The Bee and Honey Show wrs quite
attractive, and the Indianapolis Sentinel
remarks as follows about a part of the
exhibit :

One of the most instructive displays at
the Fair is that shown by Mr. Walter S.
Ponder, of this city. He keeps aO colonies
of bees, amounting in all to about 1,000,-
000 bees. He makes a specialty of honey
and beeswax, and keeps a number of fine
Italian colonies of bees. It vou want to
know anything about bees, just call on Mr.
Pouder.

An 01«1 Fi!«l>ernian predicts that we
may expect an old-fashioned winter, says
the New York Sun in a jocular way. This
is what it says :

"It's going to be an old-fashioned winter
next winter," said an old fisherman in the
market. "It's the first sign of the season,
and I look out for it every year. I never
knew it to fail. What is it ; Crabs. Plenty
of crabs. Billon's of 'em. The Harlem
river is full of crabs, and there's no end of
'em in the Hudson river and the East river,
and all the little rivers and creeks where
the salt and fresh water mix. What's the
reason crabs bring on cold weather '. I
never reason, when I know a thing is so."

Ill Pliiiio. Ills., there lives a bee-
keeper who has a block of laud 240 feet
square, and on it he keeps 70 colonics of
bees — the rest of them are in an out-apiary.
His name is J. C. Wheeler, and he is a
member of the National Bee-Keepers'
Union.

Some designing person is circulating a
petition to the City Council to have the
bees removed, declaring them to be " a
nuisance." They are back 75 feet from
the street, and are hidden by the residence
and an evergreen fence, and cannot be
annoying to anj' one I It is the work of a
mischief-maker ! Nearly all of his nearest
neighbors refused to sign the petition,
because they knew that the bees did not
annoy any one, in the highway.

The Manager of the Bee-Keepers' Union
being appealed to, sent copies of the decis-
ion of the Supreme Court of Arkansas to
the Mayor and Aldermen, and directed Mr.
Wheeler how to jiroceed in case of any
further developments.

This will no doubt prevent further
trouble, and save annoyance and expense.
That Supreme Court decision is a grand
document, and knocks out jealous foolish-
ness every time.

Ciladly I>oiie. — Mr. Byron liams, of
Worcester, Mo., sent in one of the first lists
of names for Trial Trip subscribers to the
Bee Journal. He wrote as follows about
them, and we hope that every subscriber
who has an interest in the pursuit will
emulate his example, and send us a list of
bee-keepers, in that locality, who ought to
read the Bee Journal. He says :

Anything that I can do to increase the
circulation of, or in any way help to pro-
mote the welfare of such a valuable and
useful visitor as the Ahekioan Bee Jour-
nal, will be done gladlj' and cheerfully ;
and I think that every reader of the Bee
Journal in the United States should send
in a list of names. Best wishes for the suc-
cess of the Journal.

Xiie Cliildren of the land will want
to flock to New York next December. A
doll-show embracing five thousand beauti-
ful dolls, dressed by the wife of the Presi-
dent, and by other charitable ladies, will
be given in that city for the benefit of vari-
ous charities, by Messrs. Arkell & Harrison,
proprietors of " Fraitk Leslie's Illustrated
Newspaper." Prizes of several hundred
dollars will be given to the ladies who dress
the dolls most st3'lishly. The dolls are pro-
vided free of expense. The details of the
scheme are printed in last week's number
of "Leslie's."

New Subscribers can have the Bee
Jox'RNAL and the Illustrated Home Jour-
nal from now until the end of 1891 for
$1.35. This is a rare opportunity of club-
bing two valuaV>le periodicals for a slight
advance upon the price of one, and getting
the rest of this year fre^.

'''■••- <"• W. Ikeiiiaree, of (.'hristians-
burg, Ky., has just recovered from a second
attack of sciatica, which has been a very
severe one. He writes as follows concern-
ing it and his bees :

For four weeks past my sufferings cannot
be described. I had two doctors with me,
and at one time it looked as though your
sincere friend was done with bees and all
earthly things ; but a kind Providence has
ordered otherwise. I see that my answers
in the Query Department are missing, in
the last two or three issues. My sickness
has hindered me from returning answers.
Our bees are getting some fall honey, when
the weather is fair. The fall bloom is good,
but the weather is cloudy and dark too
much of the time. Fall flowers seem to
need sunshine to make them yield nectar.
For once in ten years golden-rod is yield-
ing some nectar here.

We are glad that friend Demaree is rally-
ing from his severe illness ; and we feel
sure that our readers will welcome his
articles and replies in the Bee Journal.
His work is not yet done, and we hope he
may long remain among us.

A Oratef'iil Spirit and Other Ser-
mons, is the title of a volume of 300 pages,
in which are found twenty of the choicest
and most eloquent pulpit utterances of the
Rev. James Vila Blake, of Chicago. In his
"Preface "to the book, the author says:
"These Sermons are published because
they are asked for. Neither have I chosen
the discourses. I have printed those desired
by the people. If the request for them
means that the Sermons may give help,
strength, cheer, comfort, anywhere, I am
glad and thankful."

These gems of the pulpit will afford
pleasant and profitable reading to all who
may be so fortunate as to procure a copy.
The book is issued by the " Unity Publish-
ing Company," of Chicago, Ills., at the
very low price of $1.00, postpaid.

If a Fee«ler is not at Ijand, some seem
at a loss to know how to feed the bees.
Walter S. Pouder, in the Indiana Faimer,
gives his method of doing it thus :

I know of no plan of feeding that is more
satisfactory than the following : Tilt the
hive back and prop it by placing a board
of the proper width under the front of the
hive. Now pour the syrup in at the en-
trance on the bottom-board ; ten pounds
may be given at a time, and it should be
done in the evening. The following morn-,
ing the hive may be let down straight, and"
the bee-keeper can have the combs. After
a strong colony has occupied a hive for a
time, they will have glued every crevice
and joint, so that the hive will not leak.
The many advantages of this method will
be obvious to the bee-keeper, and I am sure
will be greatly appreciated after a trial.

Handling Bees — This is the title of
a nice pamphlet containing 28 pagesand a
cover, published by Chas. Dadant & Son.
It is a chapter from their book, Langstroth
Revised, and is an excellent thing for be-
ginners. Price, 8 cts. For sale at this office.

676

— » — ^^.— »^^ — ■>^^^_^ — ■'■~*— ^^^^^^^^^Ag'g*^***^"**^*^*'**

Xlie 4jiol«leii-Ro«l.

Written for the American Bural Home

1!Y FRANK DEMPSTER SHERMAN.

Spring is the morning of the year,
And summer is the noontide bright ;

The autumn is the evening clear
That comes before the winter's night.

And in the evening, everywhere
Along the roadsides, up and down,

I see the golden torches flare
Like lighted street-lamps in the town.

I think the butterfly and bee.
From distant meadows coming back,

Are quite contented when they see
These lamps along the homeward track.

But those who stay too late get lost ;

For when the darkness falls about,
Down every lighted street the Frost

Will go and put the torches out !

Ueos to Foreiisn Countries. In

accordance with the advice of the Interna-
tional Bureau of the Universal Postal
Union, at Berne, notice has been given by
our Postal Department that queen-bees will
be admitted to the mails— provided they
are packed in wooden boxes, not exceeding
5x2x1.1.; inches in size, closed by a wire-
screen protected by a movable wooden lid ;
and that postage thereon is prepaid, either
at the rate applicable to letters or to sam-
ples of merchandise in Postal Union mails.
Letter postage Is 5 cents per one-half
ounce. The postage on merchandise is one
cent for each two ounces.

Under the regulations, queen bees may
be so sent to the Argentine Republic, Bel-
gium, Bulgaria, Chili, Colombia, Congo,
Dutch West Indies, Egypt, Gautamala,
Hayti, Hawaii, India, Italy, Liberia, Mex-
ico, Paraguay, Portugal, and the Portu-
guese Colonies, Roumania, Siam, Spain,
Switzerland, Austro - Hungary, France,
Germany, Greece, Luxemburg, the Nether-
lands, and Dutch Guiana.

Still more recently Costa Rica has been
added to the list.

Ki-Siilpliide of Carbon is recom-
mended by Prof. A. J. Cook, of the Michi-
gan State Agricultural Expei-iment Station,
■ as one of the very best insecticides. It has
been used with success to destroy the
phylloxera on the grape-vines of France :
is applied to the destruction of prairie-
dogs in the West, and has been used by
Prof. Cook with success to destroy ants. A
single dose in the habitation of the animal,
or in an apartment, is usually suflScient. It
is exceedingly volatile, and its vapor
reaches everywhere. But it must be used
with great care, for the vapor is very in-
flammable and poisonous ; so that a room
in which it is used must be well aired be-
fore one enters or carries a light into it.

Foiil Brood.— The London, England,
Daily News is credited with the following
item, on the Canadian Special Act for the
suppression of this terrible disease :

Pure honey from the hive is regarded by
the Legislature of Ontario as sufficiently
important to warrant the passing of a
sjiecial act in the interest of honey-con-
sumers. The object of its regulations,
pains, and penalties, however, is not, as
might be inferred, the dishonest tradesmen,
but the uncleanly bee-keepers.

In brief, the measure is designed to check
the progress of the disease of the honey-
combs, technically known as " foul brood,"
which has done mischief in many hives in
Europe, and in Canada it has assumed very
serious proportions.

It indicates almost a touching faith in
the omnipotence of Legislation, that the
Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association, after
prevailing on the Department of Agricul-
ture to institute a formal inquiry into the
subject, has asked for and obtained this
Special Act.

It seems, however, well estalilished that
the " spores " which infect the honey in the
comb, and defy even freezing to the point
of 35 degrees below zero to destroy them,
are caused by leaving decayed brood in the
hives. This practice the Act which has
now received the Queen's assent, seems
calculated to keep in check.

The News gets things mixed in the usual
way I. The cause of the calamity is flrst
stated to be "unclean bee-keepers" — then
it is "disease of the honey-combs" — then
the " spores which infect the honey in the
comb," are "caused by leaving decaying
brood in the hives." The whole thing is
just such an admixture of "fact and fancy"
—" truth and error "—as we might expect
from those who know nothing of the mat-
ters they are writing about.

Centuries before the Christian Era
peculiar limestones taken from the quarries
of Asia and Africa, have been used for
rearing magnificent buildings. These
quarries are composed of layers made
entirely from the tiny shells of microscopic
animals. No less than 137 species exist in
these limestone beds.

In some places mountains of great height
are made of their shells. In Egypt the
layers are of such extent that for centuries
the rock has been used for building pur-
poses. The ancient pyramids and the
Sphinx are made of this rock.

In Germany and France the same lime-
stone rock is used for building. The " St.
Nicholas" Magazine says :

Insects are often foand preserved in it as
perfect as on the day they were imprisoned.

The^rsf hee of all the ages was found in
amber, " an embalmed corpse in a crystal
coffin." With it were found fragments of
flower and leaf, as it the resin dropped on
the flower upon which the bee had alighted
and enveloped both.

Thus are the honey-bees identified with
the earliest ages of this planet. They no
doubt flitted among the flowers of Eden,
and gave to Adam and Eve a taste of the
sweetness from Nature's laboratory ere
they were driven from Paradise, to earn
their living by the sweat of their brows.

Bees Control a Train. — A corres-
pondent of tbe New York Sun describes
the following incident, where bees were
said to have detained a train :

A swarm of bees created a block in a
curious manner on the Perkiomen roaUroad
the other day. A freight train running
between Perkiomen Junction and Allen-
town, Pa., stopped to take water at Palm
station, twenty miles north. A swarm of
bees from a neighboring farm house had
taken refuge in some woods near by, and
when the train stopped at the station they
came buzzing out and alighted with one
accord on the tender behind the engine.

The engineer and his assistant in the
engine and the brakeuien standing around
the train were astonished at the visitation
and promptly sought safety in the waiting
room of the station. The fireman, William
Heist, was on the engine cab at the time
busily shifting coal from one side of the
tender to the other, and in an instant a
hundred bees set upon him. Half mad with
pain he jumped off the tender and rolled
wildly in the grass at the roadside.

The schedule time fur starting the train
came and went, but the crew saw no way
in which to start. They held a consulta-
tion over the problem, and finally a bright
idea struck the engineer. Putting it into
execution, he crept softly and unconcern-
edly up to the tender, after the manner of
an experienced bee keeper, and secured
possession of the adjustable hose with
which engineers are accustomed to clean
up their cabs. He got the drop on the bees,
and turned on them a steady stream of
cold water. The effect was magical. The
entire swarm took to their wings and de-
scribed a straight line — a bee-line — toward
the woods. The train then resumed its
journej', fifteen minutes behind time.

This incident shows how a little insect
may control the thundering engine, and
defy the power of steam.

Convention IVotices.

gW The annual meeting of the Union Bee-Keep-
ers' Association, will be held at Hamilton. Ills., un
Oct. 10 and 11, lb90. A good time is anticipated.
Daniel Shank, Sec.

B^" Tbe 8th semi-annual meeting of the Susque-
hanna County Bee-Keepers' Association will be held
at Montrose, Pa., on Thursday. May 7, 1891.

a H. M. Sekley, Sec.

2W The next meeting of the York and Cumber-
land Bee-Keepers' Association, will be held at
Goodwin's Mills. Me., on Oct. 18, 1«90. All persona
interested are invited. C. W. Costellow, Sec.

ir^The fall meetini; of the Central Michigan
Bee-Keepers' Association, will meet in the Pioneer
Rooms, Capitol Buildinji, Lansing, Mich., on Wed-
nesday, Oct. 15, 1890, to commence at 10 a.m.

W. A. Barnes, Sec.

5S^ The next meeting of tbe Turkey Hill Bee-
Keepers' Association, will be held at the Turkey
Hill Grange liall. near Wilderman's Station, three
miles southeast of Belleville, ills., on Oct. 30, IhHU.
All interested in bee-keeping are cordially invited.

A. Fkhr, Sec.

Z^" The Missouri State Bee-Keepers' Association
will meet at Mexico, Mo., on Oct. 22 and 2:t, 1890. A
good programme, and an instructive and interesting
time are expected. All are invited to attend. Board
can be obtained for 7.'S cts. per day, or 2o cts. a meal.
J. W. RoDSE, Sec, Mexico, Mo.

Xlie International American Bee-
Association will meet in Keokuk, Iowa,
Oct. 29, 30, and 31. As this is the flrst
meeting west of the Mississippi, in the
twenty years of the existence of the Asso-
ciation, a large attendance is expected,
especially as our leading publishers and a
number of bee-keepers of note will be there.
All communications should be addressed to
C. P. Dadant, Hamilton, Ills.

irn® mwLmmiGmm mmm jOtJi^mnmi^.

677

k MEFLIES,

LiOcatiii$; a Queen After Dividiiis
a Colony.

IVritten for the American Bee Journal

Query 733.— If a colony is divided
equally, and no queen seen, is there posi-
tive evidence to the apiarist by observing,
from the outside, which half has the queen?
If so, what is it ?— T.

Not usually.— G. M. Doolittle.

No ; at least no such evidence has been
brought to my senses. — J. E. Pond.

There is no evidence at all, provided both
colonies have eggs and brood. — M. Mahin.

By the restless and excited appearance
of the queenless half. It takes a little
practice. — D.idant & Sox.

You will notice great uneasiness, es-
pecially at evening. The part containing
the queen will be quiet. — H. D. Cutting,

The queenless portion will soon show
their agony and despair by being very rest-
less, and running all over the hive, and a
plaintive hum can be heard, etc. — P. L.

VlALLON.

It can usually be told which has no
queen. The bees are uneasy, running
around the entrance and up on the front of
the hive, as if hunting for something. — A.
B. Mason.

Perhaps not positive, but circumstantial.
Uneasiness on the part of the queenless
one, and quiet contentment on the part of
the other. — Eugene Secok.

■ Yes, in half an hour or so the queenless
part will become very uneasy, running
■over the front of the hive as if hunting for
something. — C. H. Dibbekn.

The queenless half will show great rest-
lessness and anxiety, while the part that
contains the queen will be easy and quiet.
My plan would be to examine in a day or
two — be certain. — J. P. H. Brown.

There is. It takes the experienced and
practical eye of the apiarist to determine
positively, but the ordinary observer will
generally notice greater activity in the
colony with the queen. — Mrs. L. Harui.son.

Not necessarily. They may appear more
satisfied. Queenless colonies sometimes
are disquieted. I should not like to have
the task of deciding. — A. J. Cook.

By watching closely enough you may
see signs of discontent and excitement in
the queenless part. I should prefer to wait
and see which started queen-cells, or was
without eggs.— C. C. Miller.

Yes. In about two or three hours after
the division is made many bees of the
queenless part may be seen to run out at
the entrance and up the sides of the hive,
as if in search of something, and they con-
tinue their search until queen-cells are
started. — G. L. Tinker.

The experienced apiarist may tell to
almost a certainty. The queenless colony
for sometime after division will be very
restless. A loud humming will be heard
inside the hive, and the bees will keep up a
search outside, running back and forth on
the front of the hive, and around its sides
— R. L. Taylor.

Yes, sir. The half that has the queen
will be quiet and contented, while the
other half will all run around wild and ex-

cited, within an hour, after being hived
without a queen ; that is, a swarm will. A
colony may be divided, and the queenless
half will not act that way, provided they
have plenty of young brood, out of which
they can at any time rear a queen. Per-
haps you have confused the word "col-
ony" and the word "swarm." — James
Heddon.

The restlessness and uneasy condition of
the bees will indicate the queenless part of
the divided colony. These signs of discon-
tent may be easily recognized by all — and
the experienced eye will detect it instantly.
—The Editou.

SEASON OF 1890.

Work in the Apiary — Feeding
Bacii Honey, etc.

Written lor tiie American Bee Journal
BY <;. w. i)e:\[auee.

The past honey season was peculiar
to itself ; in all my experience. I have
never seen just such a honey season.
No stereotyped rules could be applied
in the way of manipulation. We, here
in Kentuckj', had two springs, with a
season of nondescript weather between.
In Februaiy and March my apiary was
strong enough for the white clover
harvest. Then the nondescript weather
intervened, and spring again was here
at the blooming of white clover.

When swarming commenced in
earnest, the hives were well filled with
brood, but the combs contained very
little hatching brood ; so unusual is
this state of things in my locality, that
entirely new management had to be
applied. A little thought would con-
vince the experienced apiarist that it
would not do to move the old hive to
a new location when a swarm issued,
because there was no hatching brood,
or not enough of it, to speedily recruit
the strength of the colony so as to in-
sure protection to the large quantity
of unsealed brood at a time when the
weather was damp, and the nights
cool. Then, on the other hand, though
the swarms were of usual size, they
were made up of bees reared in Feb-
ruary and March, and hence th'eir
vitality was well nigh spent ; therefore
if sucli a swarm is given a new loca-
tion, it will dwindle so rapidly that a
poor yield of lioney is the natural re-
sult. At the time mentioned, white
clover was blooming rapidly, and was
yielding the nectar profusely — a state
of things which always excites swarm-
ing— and my bees responded gener-
ously.

As the swarms issued, all the combs
containing brood were taken from the
brood-chamber, and adjusted in a
super on the hive body ; the brood- 1

chamber was then filled with empty
combs, and a queen-excluder adjusted
on its top. The super containing the
brood was put on t^e queen-excluder,
and the surplus case, or cases, went on
top of the super. The swarm was thus
made to enter the newly-prepared
brood-chamber below the queen-ex-
cluder.

The wings of all my queens were
clipped, and the work was quickly and
easily done. I treated over 20 swarms
in this wa^', and only one of the num-
ber swarmed again. The experiment
was a most gratifying success. These
colonies giive a large yield of surplus,
both of honey in the comb and honey
extracted. The plan is not given as
" new." but it is new as applied to the
condition present in mj' apiary at the
time of swarming.

Under the circumstances, had I
practiced anj' of the plans that neces-
sarily separate the swarm and parent
colony, my surplus crop of honey
would have been nearlj- a failure. But
by keeping the bees all in one hive,
and by tiering up to suit the size of the
doubled-up colony, I secured a profit-
able yield of honej^ of extra-good
quality.

For several years past. I have prac-
ticed the plan described above, to pre-
vent increase, and to satisfy the
swarming impulse, and while under
ordinary conditions the plan does not
always result in no further swarming
for the season, it is the onlj' plan I
have been able to rely upon to control
increase.

THE PONET CEOP OF 1890.

It was about an average one. but I
guess it required management peculiar
to the season, to make it so. My api-
ary averaged about 60 pounds to the
colony, about one-third of the crop
being fancy comb honey in one-pound
sections.

MARKETING THE HONEY CROP.

There has been a great deal said
about • • holding back for better prices.-
etc." All this is contrary to my ex-
perience. I commence to dispose of
my honey crop just as 'soon as the first
honey is removed from the hives.
People in the country want honey as
soon as thej' hear of " bees swarming."
and my sales are brisker early in the
season than at any other time. Of
course I speak of my home market. It
is easy enough to set a price on the
honey and stick to it, but my advice is
to let it go as fast as possible. The
larger part of my crop is always in the
extracted form, but I produced this
season 1,500 sections of comb honey in
fancy shape. Many of the sections of
were cut short by the hot wave coming
on prematurely, and I had a problem

678

Tmm Mm.mmi^mm mmm j@wm.mmi^.

to solve in marketiug the badly-filled
sections. All the nicely filled sections
were put into crates holding 24 sec-
tions each, and then sold in the city
market for 16 cents per section. As
the sections were light weight, aver-
aging only about 13 ounces. I regard
the price a good one.

The honey of the poorlj-.filled sec-
tions was cut out and packed daintily
in 4-quart tin buckets, and the corners
were filled with a nice, light-colored
article of clover honey extracted.
When these packages were made up
they contained 5 pounds of cut comb,
and 3 pounds of clear honey, extracted,
making the packages uniformly 8
pounds each. The lids of the buckets
were fastened down with annealed
wire, and crated four buckets in a
crate. Each bucket had a plain laljcl
with rubber stamps. They were sent
to the city market as an experiment,
and they sold at sight for 15 cents per
pound. I am much pleased with the
result. Poorly finished sections will
not trouble me in the future.

For good, thick honey, such as I
produce by employing plenty of good
combs in working the tiering system,
so as to have the honey well thickened
on the hives, there is nothing equal to
the tin bucket as a package for ship-
ping, and especially for selling honey
both in cut comb and the extracted
form. The tin buckets, bought at
wholesale prices, cost me a little less
than any other form of tin vessel, and
the honey will sell tor from 1 to II
cents more per pound in thom in a
jobbing way. than for the same article
in close vessels. The obvious reason
is, the wire fastening can be untwisted.
and the lid of a bucket removed, and
there the nice, thick honey is viewed
to the very best advantage. I use the
tallest form of the standard family tin
buckets in use — 4, 8 and 10 quart
buckets being my favorite sizes.

I make weekly shipments in these
dainty packages to my commission
merchant, who sells out ready for the
.next consignment, and I'emits a check
or draft as often as I direct him to do
so. I can say without reserve, that
the season's work has been one of
profit and pleasure to me.

EXPERI.MENTING IN FEEDING BACK.

To have unfinished sections com-
pleted by feeding back. I think can be
made profitable by proper manage-
ment, if the demand for comb honey
justifies the extra care and labor. I
have experimented in this line the
present season, and it has paid me a
fair profit, counting time and margin
between the price for clear honey, and
honey in the comb. I here give the
work of one colon)', drawing from my
memorandum book the facts, which

will answer for aijy other colony inan-
aged in the same way :

A feeder just the size of the top of
the hive, and the same size of the sec-
tion-cases, was used. The feeder,
however, is only three inches deep,
including the bee-spaces at the top and
the bottom. It is arranged so that the
bees can pass from the brood-nest
through the centre, of the feeder as
well as at both sides. The feeder pro-
jects at the back of the hive far enough
to expose the two holes in which the
feed is poured when filling the feeder,
and the holes are covered with close-
fitting buttons.

After the honey harvest was over,
and the robbing impulse was at its
worst stage, I selected a good colony
of Italians, aud made the brood-nest
full of brood and honey, and placed
the feeder on top of the brood-cham-
ber ; and having gathered together all
the partly-filled sections into cases,
the work was commenced. The sec-
tions were from one-fourtli full to
nearly full of comb, and most of them
had a little honey in them. At first
one case was adju.sted on the feeder,
and the feeding begun. Good honey
was used, diluted with warm water,
one pint to eight pints of hone}-.

The first two days tiie colony took
25 pounds of honey, when another case
of sections was given them. The cases
hold 32 sections 4|x4Jxl|, and. when
well filled, the sections average 14
ounces. Afer the second case was put
on. I fed 8 pounds a day for two or
three days, and put on the third case.
Every colony will not work alike —
some will go faster than others, but
this colony worked faster than the
average. I now fed 5 pounds a day.
skipping a day at intervals until the
three cases were filled — % sections.

The feeding was stopped after the
sealing was half completed. This is
necessary, or the bees will injure too
many of the sections with brace-combs.
It required 93 pounds of hone}' to
finish the 96 sections.

The three cases were removed, and
the work commenced anew. One case
was put on. and 6 pounds of honey
per day was given for three days,
wfieu a second case was added, and
the feeding kept up until the combs
were drawn and filled ; towards the
last, the amount of feed was diminish-
ed. It required 43 pounds to finish
the 64 sections.

It will be seen that this colony fin-
ished up 160 sections.using 138 pounds
of honey. According to my estimate,
all these sections contained about 30
pounds of thin, unmerchantable honey
when jilaced on the hive, and when
finished they brought about $25. at a
cost of 138 pounds of extracted hone}',
worth $13.80.

It will be noticed that I have taken
no account of partly-tilled combs, and
the estimated 30 pounds of thin honey.
These items are left to the intelligent
reader to figure out.

The greatest dilliculty to be over-
come when "feeding back,"' to have
sections completed, is the incorrigible
tendency of bees to build brace-combs
between the sections, and to bridge
the combs, and that troublesome fea-
ture of having open cells of honey
around the edges of the sections. If
the combs are to be crated for the
market in good shape, separators are
essentially necessary, and then many
combs will be damaged by little brace-
combs breaking loose, and causing
breaks in the capping of the sections.

Christiansburg. Ky., .Sept. 27, 1890.

QUEENLESSNESS.

Wliy Some Colonics do not Rear
Queens.

Written for the Prairie Fai-mei-

BY MRS. L. HARRISON.

'Good morning, Mrs. Harrison ; I
came to call you to account ; didn't
you say that when bees were queenless
if you gave them a frame of larvas and
eggs, they would roar a queen ? Now
I know that they won't. One of my
hives had pretty plenty of bees, but as
I could find neither queen, eggs nor
larva3. I inferred that they were queen-
less ; and after considerable work, lift-
ing out frames of other hives, I found
one I considered just the thing ex-
actly ; the queen was upon it and I
saw her lay. I took the frame out so
quietly that she did not appear to
notice it, and as I held the magnifying
glass over her, I saw her poke her head
into a cell, inspect it, and tlien curl
her tail into it and lay. She seemed
then to take fright, and I let her run
down among the bees, so I know that
at least the eggs were fresh enough.
I put this frame into the q^ieenless
hive, and in about 10 days examined
it, expecting to find sealed queen-cells,
when lo, there was nothing of the
kind — nothing whatever where the
eggs and little worms were. There
was some sealed brood where the big
larva? were. Now what became of it,
I would like to know ?"

My friend, do not jump to the con-
clusion that queenless bees never rear
a queen from eggs or larva- because
yours did not. If a baby should be
left at your door, and you had no milk
nor could not obtain it, it might per-
ish. Yon put into a hive bee-babies
where there are no nurses giving milk,
or in other words, young bees with
prepared food, and are surprised that

Tmm mimm;mi€^Mn mMW jouRifffiL.

679

":-^:-^^^^#«»*^»^*^A^A^««»A^*^>»*^*^*^*^«^«»*i>»^«^*^*»

they are not reared. The hxrviu old
enough to live on honey and pollen,
are saved.

If you had first given this eolony a
frame of sealed brood, and when many
of the young bees had emerged given
them a frame containing eggs and lar-
va3, you would have had the larva?
reared and queen-cells built. I think
it is poor economy to -rob Peter to
pay Paul." You lost a frame of brood,
and tlie colony that you took it from
will have less bees in consequence.

Peoria, Ills.

BROOD-FRAMES.

IVotcs of Travel Among IVew
York Bee-Keepers.

Written for Oleanings in Bee-Culture

BY ERNEST R. ROOT.

I may say at the outset, that one of
the main reasons why I made this trip
was to learn something about closed-
end frames, and, in particular, frames
at fixed distances, whether closed or
otherwise. Mr. Elwood, Capt. Hether-
ington, and almost all bee-keepers
whom I visited among the York State
hills, are using fixed frames of some
sort. It will be remembered that El-
wood and Hetherington use the closed-
end Quinbj' frame and system. Their
frame, however, is about two inches
shorter than the regular Quiuby, re-
taining, I believe, the original depth.

CLOSED-END vs. HANGING FEAJIES.

Well, after leaving Mr. Tunioliff,
Mr. Elwood and I starterl eii route for
one of his out-apiaries, and w'ere dis-
cussing fixed distances and the rapidity
with wliich they could be handled, as
compared with the common suspended
or hanging-frames. Said I, •■i/' fixed
frames can be handled as rapidly, and
at the same time without killing bees
as the hanging-frame, they will be the
frame of the future." INIr. Elwood did
not boast vei-y much what he could do
— in fact, he did not malce any very
great claims to the system, etc.. which
he was using. Sometime ago, in an
article he said he could handle the
closed-end Quinby as rapidly as we
could the hanging-frame. I well re-
member at the time I did not doubt his
veracit}', but I did somewhat question
his knowledge as to the manipulation
of the suspended frame. I told him,
as we approached one of the apiaries,
that one of the privileges that I had
long desired was to see him, or some
other bee-keeper using the Quinby
frame, handle them as rapidly as the
hanging-frame, and not kill bees.

By this time the yard which we were
to visit loomed up in sight ofl' in the

fields at the foot of one of those big
hills. It is located at .some distance
from the road, partly because^ of the
protected position, and partly because
it is secluded from those who might
pilfer or meddle with the liives. We
drove up under a low-spreading ever-
green not a great way from the apiarj-.
We there unhitched and led tiie horses
a little bit further off, and gave them
their oats. As we did so, Mr. Elwood
said there was a spring up on the hill-
side, and that, befoi'e eating our lunch,
if I felt inclined, we would go up and
see it, and get a pail of water. After
strolling a little distance among the
rich undergrowth, suddenly a beauti-
ful spring of water came in sight.

Perhaps I might as well remark, by
way of parentliesis here, that all the
York State water, especially from the
hillside springs, is clear and cold. In
my own State of Ohio it is not very
advisable for me to drink from differ-
ent wells or springs — at least to any
great extent ; but on my bicycle tour
through New York I drank freely from
every roadside spring with impunity ;
and. oh, how good, pure and cold it did
taste ! What woidd I have given if I
could hav.e transported one of these
springs, that seemed so common in
York State, to my own home in Ohio !

Mr. Doolittle had water from one of
these springs piped to his house. I
remember how thirsty I was, and how
refreshing the water. Just think of it
— a running spring in the house of
beautiful water ! But, to return :

Mr. Elwood and I secured the lunch-
basket ; and after hunting around for
a good log to sit on, we partook of a
hearty lunch ; which, being dispatched,
we put on our veils and proceeded to
the yard. I had expected to see large
Quinby hives ; but, to my surprise, the
brood-nest or brood-chambers were no
larger, on the average, in cubic ca-
pacity, than are those in our eight-
frame dovetailed hives. I had sup-
posed that the York State bee-keepers,
like the Dadants, advocated and used
large brood-chambers. vSo far as I was
able to discover, however — in the pro-
duction of comb honey at least — they
practice contraction, and use brood-
chambers no larger in capacity than
an ordinary eight-frame Langstroth
hive. The frame being two inches
shorter than the original Quinb}', six
of these frames would bo about equiv-
alent to eight of the Langstroth, I
should saj', v/ithout figuring. I was
surprised to learn that all, or nearly
all, of the bee-men of York State who
have adopted tlie Quinby closed-end
frame, like Mr. Elwood and Capt.
Hetherington. use it two inches shorter.
and it is no doubt a better frame for
the reduction in length.

After lighting the smoker, Mr. El-
wood and I entered the yard, and he
proceeded to open up a hive while I
was looking on with eager exjieetancy.
The entrances were on the under siile
of the hive. Blowing a little smok(!
under to drive away the guards, lie
lifted off a case of sections. I expected
to see those frames come apart with a
snap, and an onslaught of bees. There
was no snap or onslaught. He picked
up and handled the frames as rapidly
as j'ou or I can handle suspended
frames ; and I am not sure but he ma-
nipulates them more rapidlj-.

Mi\ Elwood then examined continu-^
ously 25 or 30 other colonies ; and
when I came to think of the time he
hail spent in doing it, of the queens
we had seen, of the brood surface we
examined, I was simply astounded. I
feel pretty sure I could not have ex-
amined the same amount of brood
surface in the hanging-frame in so
short a space of time. Did he kill any
bees ? Not one that I saw. Did the
frames stick together ? Scarcely at
all ; and yet the bees were hybrids.
Here was a large yard of, say, over a
hundred colonies. I do not remember
to have asked how long it would take
him to examine each one ; but at the
rate he handled those before me he
would have gone through the whole
apiary in four or five hours, and hunt-
ed all the queens besides. He did not
move very rapidly ; on the contrar}',
his movements were deliberate, but
they counted.

I am well aware that this is a heavy
testimonial for the closed-end frames
on the Quinb}' plan ; but I deem it but
just to give it, because I know the bee-
keepers of the West, and those who
have been using the hanging-frames,
have somehow got the idea into their
heads that the closed-end frames were
simplj' intolerable, and that the bee-
keepers who were using them were
either very much behind the times, or
so stubborn as not to be open to con-
viction that there might be something
better. Indeed, when we consider the
fact that nine-tenths of the bee-keepers
of that section of New York where I
visited are using fixed frames, and are
intelligent and progressive men ; and
when we consider the other fact, that
they make bees pay, we must admit
that their system is not so clumsj' and
awkward, after all. C!apt. Hethering-
ton. years ago. used hanging-frames
faithfully, and finally discarded them
for the closed-end Quinby. Capt.
Hetherington, with his three or four
thousand colonies ; Mr. Elwood, with
his 1,300, and a great man)- others,
owning from 300 to 400 colonies in this
part of New York, use only fixed
frames, some Quinby and some Hoff-
man.

680

TMm MMEMIC'JlSf mmW J©WMIfKI<.

-I*-^*'^*-*-*-'

j^mktkmAMkM^

NO BURR-COMBS.

While 'Mr. Ehvood was examiQiug
the hives I was pleased to note that
tliere were no burr-corabs ou the tops
of the frames. No, I do not believe I
saw a single small spur. When I came
to inquire into the matter. I found he
used top-bars fully an inch wide and
five-eighths of an inch thick — perhaps
in some cases' one-half inch thicli with
/ixed distances. I emphasize this pur-
posely, because I believe that this is
one of the secrets. I could not dis-
cover that any of the bee-keepers who
had used tixed distances with top-bars
live-eighths of an inch thick and an
inch wide, in that section of country.
had used honey-boards. No, a honey-
board was a thing that none of them
liad ever tried. With no burr-combs,
what need had they of them ? Now,
if I am able to judge correctly, with
lixed distances we can have thinner
top-bars ; but with hanging-frames and
no arrangement for automatic spacing,
ill order to do away with burr-combs,
there must be thicker top-bars. I ex-
amined into this matter very carefully
all through this trip ; and since my re-
turn liome I feel confirmed in what I
have said above in regard to the pres-
ence or absence of burr-combs, their
cause and prevention.

I am very well aware that I have
given some flattering testimonials for
tlie Quinby system. I am not sure,
liowever. that bee-keepers generally
would not like the open or movable
sides. The hive looked a little top-
heavy also, and a good many bee-
keepers incline toward the shapely
appearance of a thing as well as its
practical utility with the two com-
bined.

After leaving this yard we visited
two or three others. All that I saw
were located in spots that were pecul-
iarly picturesque. The scenery — per-
haps a big hill on one side, a valley
beneath, mountains over in the dis-
tance, all combine lo make many of
the locations grand in their outlook.
As our time was limited we did not
vi.sit all of tlie yards, for one yard is
largely a repetition of the others.

elwood's mammoth bee-cellar.

The ndxt morning, as we expected
to visit other bee-keepers, I took a
walk around the premises. "Oh, yes,"
I said, 'there i.s that enormous bee-
e(dlar that I want to see."' Mr. Elvvood
conducted me to his mammoth reposi-
tory under his large bank barn. If I
remember correctly, it was divided
ei|ually into two compartments, cacli
one capable of holding perhaps 5U()
colonies. Just think of it — 1,000 col-
onies, practicall}-. in one cellar ! We
bee-keepers who talk about wintering

50 or 60 colonies in a cell.ar snccess-
fuUy, might find it another thing to
bring through alive 1,000 colonies in
a single repository ; and yet, if I un-
derstand correctly, our friend is gen-
erally successful.

In this part of York State the}- have
ver\- severe winters ; and, as a general
rule, I found that bees are wintered
in-doors. I noticed that Mr. Elwood
uses a sub-earth ventilator, and he be-
lieves it to be a good thing at times.
He does not, however, use it with its
mouth out-doors open full width most
of the time, but only occasionally.

■'What do you do," I said, "when
it becomes too warm, and the bees get
to roaring — that is. uneasy ?"

He took me out to the mouth of his
sub-earth ventilator, and showed me
how he could, by enlarging the open-
ing, let in enough cold air to reduce
the temperature enough to accomplish
the desired end. The winters being so
cold, he generally has no trouble from
a too high temperature in the cel-
lar.

Before I forget it, perhaps I had liet-
ter explain that, instead of removing
the bottom-board after putting the bees
into the cellar, the boards have a hole
six or eight inches square in the cen-
ter, and this hole is opened or closed
by means of a convenient slide. When
contracted it acts as an entrance dur-
ing the summer season ; and when
opened wide it gives ample bottom
ventilation wliile in the cellar. While
we were discussing these things, we
slowly emerged from the cellar, and
tinall}' entered the shop, or honey-
room, partitioned oft' from one end of
the barn. I discovered here that Mr.
Elwood uses the section-holder that we
use on the dovetailed hive. When we
first introduced it I was not aware that
such extensive bee-keepers were al-
ready using it. and liked it, although
I knew that the idea was by no means
new. The fact that such a man as
Elwood uses them, in preference to
even the T super, confirms me in the
belief that they must be one of the best
comb honey arrangements made.

I noticed in this honey-room that
friend Elwood uses a four-piece section
with flaf^bottom foundation. The sec-
tions are put together with a machine
of his o)vn invention, and thej' are
glued solid togetlier. I tried to break
several of the sections when so put
together. They certainly were very
secure, and no ordinary amount of
hauling, even over rough roads, would
jar them out of true.

"There," said Mr. Elwood. pointing
to a few crates of honey, in one corner
of the room, "is all the ■«'/((<(.■ honey I
have obtain«<l this year."

"That will not be your entire crop ?"
I said.

"Oh. no!" He replied, he would
get perliaps 2o pounds per colony of
mixed and buckwheat honey. The
basswood had been almost a failure
with him during the past season, and
the clover was but little if any better.
It was the worst season he had experi-
enced in maujr years.

" What is your average per colony?"
I asked.

" If we get 50 pounds we are satis-
fied," he said.

Let us see — 50 pounds multiplied by
1.300 — 65.000 pounds. It seems as
though he ought to be "satisfied." If
Capt. Hetherington (and I presume he
does) obtains in a fair j-ear a propor-
tionate amount, his crop would make
the " eyes" of some of us bee-keepers
stick out prctt}' prominent!}'.

HYBRID BEES AND BUCKWHEAT HONEY.

Speaking of buckwheat honey above,
reminds me of tlie fact that Mr. El-
wood keeps hybrid bees almost ex-
clusively. He rather prefers them
because they are a little better for
working on buckwlieat. Through my
trip in York State on the bicycle. I be-
lieve I do not exaggerate when I say
that I must have seen thousands of
acres of buckwheat.

The farmers, instead of confining
their crops to the proceeds of a single
acre, raise it by the ten-acre fields ;
and I believe it is usually a paying
crop. I was pleased to notice, also,
that the Japanese buckwheat was being
introduced very largely. The bees
work on it just as industriously as they
do upon any kind of buckwheat. Sev-
eral fields that Mr. Elwood and I
passed were fragrant with the aroma.
In fact, I passed on the bicycle so
many buclvwheat fields that the odor
became sickening to me, as I do not
like buckwheat honey.

But the people in York State, I am
glad to know, are not like me. At
most of tlie hotels where I stopped,
they had this black looking honey on
the table. By making inquiries I
learned that some of the guests pre-
ferred it. They like that rich, dark-
looking honey of their fathers. I per-
sonally came across a great many peo-
ple who prefer buckwheat to any
otlier they had ever eaten ; but I am
afraid I should have to go a good way
in Ohio before I could find one who
had this preference.

CROSS HYBRID BEES.

Mr, Elwood's hybrid bees I found
were cross. Let me relate a little
incident.

I told Mr. Elwood I should like to
make some detail photographs of one
of his hives. We accordingly pro-
ceeded to the yard. He pointed to
one that showed well, and was about

TMm 3tMERICJRK BE® JOURlfffil^.

681

what lie used in all liis apiaries. "I
will just change this cover, " said he.
removing one from another hive, '-and
put it on the one you ai'c about to
jjhotograph. As he did so he hap-
pened to let it drop on the hive to be

•Kodaked" — enough so as to stir up
the sentinels. , Neither of us had a
veil on. I stood at a respectable dis-
tance, say six or eight feet, in front of
the hive. Mr. Elwood a little in the
rear. My Kodak was all primed and
readjn just then those pesky hybrids
began to pour out like a hailstorm. I
wanted to run. Sting — it seemed as if I
could not endure to take even a snap
shot at those ■•fellows" — or, rather, at
their hive. The lirst ont^ planted a
sting right on my nose, and, of course.
the rest of them saw fit to visit the
same vicinity, attracted by the poison.
Now. j-ou know I could not stand that.
My ever ready veil was in my hip
pocket. My eyes were suflnsed with
tears, and I hastily laid the Kodak on
the ground, whipped out the veil, and
drew it over my head in some fashion
or other. Somehow or other I felt like
running. The veil was pulled over,
but those scamps did not stop to buzz
in front, but with provoking delibera-
tion crawled up under and made thini^s
worse. 1 pulled out the Kodak, and
said. •' Now or never ;" and while the
tears were streaming from 11:3' eyes
with pain. I managed to be able to see
enough from one eye to get a view of
the hive. This time I did not wait,
but touched the 'button, and the shot
was taken. As I did so 1 looked up to
see where my friend Mr. Elwood was.
Presently I espied somebody running.
and his arms were revolving about his
head in a characteristic fashion.

^ Now, Mr. Elwood is slightly bald-
headed, and his hat was gone. As I
saw him rub sting after sting out I did
not blame him for retreating. I un-
derstand from his men that he can
stand as many stings without wincing
as anybody else ; but it did tickle them
to see their big boss run from the bees.
One of Mr. Elwood's little boys was
heard to cry out lustily about this time,
for he was out in the yard bareheaded
and barelegged. His father directed
him to his mother, and then called
out: •• You didn't catch me iu that
picture, did you ?"

"As you were running, I presume I
did." I replied ; at least. I was mean
enough to say I hoped so. I took time
now to rub the .stings out of my nose.
It did not swell, however, and after a
couple of hours I felt no ill effects. As
we started to leave that morning for
another ride among bee-keepers with
Mr. Elwood. this little boy who had
been stung came out to greet us with
a good-by. His face was considerably
swollen, and it looked as if he had been

stung by a bee, M}- camera was at-
tached fast to tlie bicycle, or I would
have been cruel enough to have taken
his picture. Mr. Elwood. although
stung much worse than I. seemed to
show no ill effects.

In order that wo might visit together.
the bicycle was tied on to the wagon,
and we started for the home of Mr.
Julius Hoffman, by way of the Van
Deusens. the people who make that
beautiful flat-bottom foundation. We
went over some terribly bad hills — hills
that I should not care particularly to
have gone over with a bicycle ; and I
was glad there were some good horses
ahead of me that were used to that
sort of business. More beautiful scen-
ery was presented to rae. and ere long
we were overlooking the flat-bottom
valley which has been before described
by our friend Rambler.

AT SPROUT BROOK. N. Y.

In a few moments more we were
having a cordial handshaking with the
Van Deusens. I did not ask to go
through their establishment ; but was
shown some of their beautiful founda-
tion. They have quite a large factory,
and evidently do quite a inisiness. I
took particular pains to notice that this
country was verj- flat bottomed — an
appropriate location for making foun-
dation. We were cordially' invited to
stay and take dinner; but as my time
was limited. I explained that I should
have to be moving along.

AUTUMN.

Hints About Work in the Apiary
ill Autuiu.

Written for the Country Gentleman

BY GEO. A. STOCKWELL.

The bee year is ended. The hum in
the hive, musical and delightful al-
ways, is softer, subdued, with minor
chords in it, for at this season of the
3'ear all natural sounds — katydid's
rasping, and cricket's cross-leg sawing
— have plaintive strains to most minds
dwelling upon the luutabilit}- of all
things. Certainlj'. to the bee-keeper
whose bees have added nothing to his
bank account, the low hum of his bees
will have a melancholy sound.

But while the hum grows fainter,
the work in the hive goes on as before,
anil will continue until autumn flowers
fall under the Idight of tlie first frost,
for the '•hum of the hive," of which
ambitious poets, who were not bee-
keepers, evidently, have sung, is con-
trolled by the temperature absolutelj*.

The bee year ends and begins with
the flrst frost. Sometimes the new
ye.ir, or the preparation for it, begins

before thi^ old one ends. The success
in the new year depends upon the
work done in the fall of the old. If
colonies be weak from any cause, they
must be made strong. Weak colonies
in the spring are worthless except to
plnj' with, and not satisfactory plaj'-
Ihings.then.

By some means, natural or artificial,
the queen nius't bo induced to continue
laj'ing as long as possible, for to make
progress in the spring, the winter bees
should be young bees, and the force
large. Old bees going into winter
quarters may result in such loss during
the winter that the colony will be
crippled iu the spring. Having a large
force of breeders the queen will begin
to lay earlier, and by the time new
honey comes the colony is prepared to
gather it. and to swarm when it ought
to. if at all. Success in bee-keeping
depends upon these conditions.

All work in the colonies should be
completed before propolis hardens,
that the bees may have opportunitj' to
make snug for winter by repairing
broken comb, and stopping cracks and
chinks with propolis. Assured that
the colonies ai'e in good condition
numericall}'. and have suflieient stores
for the winter and a cold spring, if
there should be one. leave them undis-
turbed to well-earned quiet and re-
pose, to their cups of amber nectar,
and to their household duties.

Beginners should commence now.
Bees are cheaper in the fall than in the
spring. If you wait until spring, the
1st of June may come before the bees
arrive, for they cannot be shipped be-
fore warm weather. To practice with,
and make acquaintance. get gentle Ital-
ians or the lazj' and indifferent Car-
niolans.

Providence. R. I.

A VISIT.

Mr. Henry Alley's Apiary and
metiiods Inveslisated.

Written tor the American Bee Journal
BY E. L. PRATT.

I called nn Henrj' Alley at Wenham,
Mass.. in .September, and was royally
entertained by one of the most genial
and out-spoken old souls I have met
for a long time.

The first thing I saw when I stepped
on the premises was Mr. Alley himself,
bnsil}- engaged taking care of a nucleus
colony that had swarmed out.

After walking through the yard
among the hundreds of little fertilizing
hives and full colonies, we at last
came to what he calls his perfect col-
ony of Italians. This colony we ex-
amined without smoke, as we did sev-

682

Tmm M.'mmmi.GmM mmw i^OivrnMrniL.

eral of hi3 best Carniolan colonies.
They all had plenty of natural stores
to vvinter on.

Mr. Alley has great hopes for Car-
niolans. He believes they can be bred
to a verj' desirable bee as the Italians
have been. His great trouble was with
getting a pure mother. He says the
tirst Carniolans that cam^ to this coun-
try ho discarded because of their im-
purity. But now tliey are much bet-
ter, and will improve from jear to
year.

After we had viewed the yard, and
had opened about all the hives, we re-
tired to the sanctum of the Ajnerican
AjncuUurist. and talked about bees,
steadily, for three or four hours.

Mr. Alley does not think very much
of the new method of rearing and
keeping two or more queens in a hive.
The experiment he tried w.as a decided
failure. He has not yet tested the
chambers, however.

He never uses protection of any
kind while handling his bees. He will
not clip a queen's wing for anybod}',
as he is much opposed to the practice.
Foundation is flxed into the "Bay
State Hive " frames in saw-kerfs with-
out wire. Sagging never occurs with
him.

The sections which he uses, are the
one-piece open top, Hs is rather par-
tial to sections opening all around.

His father was an orgaa-maker, and
many of liis most useful tools are those
left him by the old gentleman.

He uses tacks in different positions
for registering purposes. This system
is very plain and simple.

The shipping-cage used by him is a
simple one-half inch block with one
two-inch hole connected by a three-
fourths inch hole for the candj". The
covers are of thin board, one of which
has a small hole for air. The queen is
put into the cage by forcing back the
screen cloth. This cloth is a little
short at the candy end, so that when
the bees remove the candy the queen
is introduced, I

He uses the Bingham smoker and
Dadant's foundation, is an eight-frame
advocate, and believes in out-door
wintering, withdonble-wall protection.
Cushions of cotton about six inches
thick are used over the frames in
winter.

At the close of the queen season, all
the small combs are put into barrels
and headed up. By so protecting, the
combs are fresh and white in the
spring, Mrs, Alley attends to all wax
rendering, etc. His tvvo daughters do
considerable writing and copying for
him,

Henry Alley is about 55 years of
age, medium height, with long, gray
beard, dark complexion, and dark

ej'es, brimfull of fun, I am not flat-
tering when I say he is a handsome
man, a royal good fellow, and a push-
ing, enthusiastic genius.

The only fault I found with the visit
was that my train left too soon.

Marlbxaro. Mass.

ILLINOIS.

Report of llie Capital Bcc.Kecp-
ers'' Convention.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY c. E. YOCOM.

The Capital Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion held their annual meeting at
SpringHeld, Ills,, on Sept 26, 1890,
with P. J, England in the chair.

The members I'eported an increase
in bees of only 21 per cent., with a
yield per colony of about 30 pounds,
more than two-thirds of which is ex-
tracted. Only 2,275 pounds of comb
and 10,340 pounds of extracted honey
remain unsold.

Mr. P. J. England delivered the fol-
lowing

President*!^ Ad<Ire»«s.

It has been one year since the or-
ganization of this society, and although
we cannot claim a large number of
members, I feel that we have made
commendable progress, and have ac-
complished some good. Let none of
us become discouraged, but press on-
ward to greater success. I am not in
favor of urging everybody to become
bee-keepers, but I do desire for us to
make a special efi'ort to get all exten-
sive bee-keepers within our bounds
into our society, believing that we
would be mutually benefited. Many
were the predictions that this would
be a No. 1 year for the secretion of
honey, but, contrary to our expecta-
tions, 1890 will go on record as being
a year of financial loss to many of our
fraternity.

The supply of hcmey is very limited,
and prices are bomiiing ; then how in-
discrete we would be to flood our
home market with ■■ 10 cent" honey,
A few weeks ago, one of the mei'chants
in this city told me that he could buy
a good grade of comb honey at 10
cents per pound, I advised him to ac-
cept the offer, as comb honey was then
worth 16 cents per pound in Chicago,
But as I work my apiary entirely for
extracted honey, perhaps it would not
be amiss for me to give a little of m}'
experience along that line.

For comb honey there seems to be
a regular demand, but if you produce
extracted honey, a demand must be
created for the product ; and, strange
as it may appear, you will have more
trouble to sell a strictly No. 1 grade of

honey, than a grade that I would not
desire to sell at any price.

People expect honej- out of the comb
to taste like it did when their grand-
mothers prepared it by heating the
comb, bee-bread and grubs to the boil-
ing point, and then give the whole
mass a big squeeze.

There is no necessity for selling ex-
tracted honey at one-half the price of
comb honey — in fact, people sometimes
wonder wh^- I do not charge above the
price of comb hone\- for it. If you are
producing extracted honey, there will
be no uuflnished sections to disturb
yoiu' peace of mind, but your crop can
always be placed before the people in
a marketable condition.

Be sure to keep the different kinds
of honey separate, and always sell by
sample. Many persons seem to think
that all honey should taste alike — they
do not know that each variety of honey-
producing flowers secretes a nectar
peculiar to itself. I labored hard to
secure the patronage of a wealthy
banker, and so long as I furnished him
a No, 1 grade of clover honey, all went
well — but. alas ! on one occasion I
was out of clover honey, and without
asking him to sample my "goods," I
left him 25 pounds of another variety.
In due course of time I again called on
this same banker, to supply him with
hone}', but instead of handing out the
silver dollars, he very promptly, and I
believe conscientiouslj-. pronounced
me a "fraud,"

Allow your honey to become granu-
lated, and inform your customers that
granulation is a sign of purity.

I prefer tin packages varying in
quantity contained, from one to 25
pounds. I grade the price according
to the amount sold — that is, the larger
the quantity purchased, the less it costs
the customer per pound. By so doing.
I have built up a large demand for 25
pound buckets.

For success in selling honey, I have
no one to blame but myself. ' It takes
personal eftbrt to create a steady de-
mand for extracted honey. You need
not depend upon the ordinary mer-
chant to build up a trade for you — he
will as a rule make no special eftbrt to
sell your honey. ( )f course there are
exceptions to this rule, and if j'ou are
fortunate enough to find the exception,
be sure to keep him in honey.

Springfield has redeemed its reputa-
tion, and demonstrated the f.act that it
can support a good Fair. Of course,
no large amount has been oft'ered as
premiums to bee-keepers, but I be-
lieve that the Fair Association will ad-
vance the premiums as fast as we
deserve them. Then let us make an
eftbrt in 1891. and have such an ex-
hibit as will astonish even ourselves.

P. J. EN(iL.\ND.

Tmm MimmmiGmM kk® j@UKJMJts^.

683

Some of the lueiubers sell extracted
as high, or nearly as high, as comb
houey, saying that if they offer it for a
less price, their customers will at onee
conclude that it is adulterated.

Geo. F Robbins askeil, ■ How much
' more of extracted than comb honey
can be produced ?"

S. N. Black said that the latter costs
him. on au average, about one-third
more than the former.

P. Van Uoren asked what to do with
unfinished sections. He had tried
placing them on the hives the follow-
ing season, but said that they were of
a dark color.

Mr. Robbins advised shaving the
combs, thereby diminishing the depth
of the cells which will be di'awn out
again with new wax.

C. Becker recommends using them
for feeding in the fall or early spring,
rendering the wax and making kind-
ling of the sections.

The convention then adjourned to
meet at 1:3(1 p.m., at which time the
convention was called to order by the
President, and the following officers
elected for the ensuing year :

President, P. J. England ; Vice-
Presidents. Jas. A. Stone and A. N.
Draper ; Secretary, C. E. Yocom ; and
Treasurer, Geo. F. Robljins.

Mr. A. N. Draper, of Upper Alton,
Ills., then read the following essay on

^Viuterine Uees.

With me, the wintering problem has
never been difficult. I have had more
bees to die from starvation in winter-
ing, than from all other causes put to-
gether. Two years ago I buried 16
hives, a la Hutchinson, and they win-
tered perfectly, with scarcely any loss
of stores or bees.

Years ago I wintered a lot in a
closet under the cellar stairway ; then
I tried them under the north porch,
after banking up with earth, and mak-
ing it tight again ; they wintered all
right. Then I think it was in the win-
ter of 1873-74, I followed some of Mr.
A. I. Root's plans. In February I dug
a pit about 5 feet deep, Iti feet long,
and 6 feet wide ; covered it with glass,
and put in a small stove to keep the
bees warm on cold days, and when
the sun did not shine. Of course I
had a lot of house-plants in there, and
some rye flower and feeders. Some of
the bees were like the proverbial calf
— lived all winter to die in the spring.
Mother says that was the most fooli-sli
move I ever made, if A. I. Root did
suggest it ; though, it might work, if
properly attended to.

Perhaps it would be well to describe
the honey resources of this locality.
before describing the wintering pro-
cess.

In the first pl.ice, in my vicinity the
land is very hilly, and the soil is not
deep, and in a dry time white clover
and other lioney-producing plants dry
up quickly. What _ white clover we
have, comes early for this latitude ;
usually we have a late fall crop in
September, and sometimes it lasts till
the middle of October, or even later
from heart's-ease, asters and golden
rod.

This year I have moved 96 colonie.s
to a lake where there is lots of Span-
ish needle, and at this date (Sept. 20)
the hives are all full of brood. I have
between 400 and 500 8-frame Sim-
plicity hives, and I am using from two
to four of these 8-frame bodies to the
hive for extracted honey, and in lots
of these hives there are from 10 to 12
frames of brood now. Perhaps they
are going into winter quarters too
strong, but I do not think so.

Now the question comes up. How
shall I get them in the best possible
condition to secure a crop of honey
next spring ? Wintering without loss
does not cover it. As I am working
to get out all there is in it, I must ac-
complish it with the least expenditure
of time, labor and honey.

During the winter and spring the
apiary should be well sheltered from
the north and west winds. I use a
tight board-fence on the west side and
nortli end, six feet high, at one j"ard.
The home j'ard is naturally well pro-
tected. I place the hives on stakes 4
inches high, and stuff underneath with
leaves in November. What colonies
are too strong tliis fall to go on six or
seven frames, I shall lift over into
hives made last winter, according to
Dadant's plan as. described on page
163 of the •• Revised Langstroth."

I wish to call attention right here to
a clause in paragraph 306, page 151
of the same work, as follows: "The
Langstroth Simplicity is long enough,
but hardly deep enough. The Qiiinby
is deep enough, but would be better
if a little shorter." I made 200 of
these hives last winter.depth of Quiuby
and length of Simplicity, 18 inches
across in the clear, inside. Into these
I can place 8 frames and a division-
board on each side, then have nearly 4
inches to pack full of leaves on each
side. Now with a deep cap tilled with
leaves, they are in the best possible
condition for winter, as they are not
affected by sudden changes of temper-
ature.

I have read time and again that all
winter stores should be capped over
before winter sets in. This is nice
theory, but false in actual practice.
During October, November and De-
cember, bees consumed very little
honey, and I have noticed lots of un-
sealed honey in the hives in December,

:iiid never could see any harm come
from it, but 1 can readily see how
harm could come by not having it
there. I am always glad to .See the
late fall How of honey.

The descriptions of devices and
methods of wintering have been so
thoroughly ventilated in the standard
works, and in the bee-papers, that it is
almost impo.ssible to bring up anything
new.

I will note again from Langstroth
Revised, viz: -We have for years
wintered a part of our bees on the
summer stands, by sheltering them on
all sides but the front, with forn.st
leaves closely packed and held with a
frame-work of lath." The next para-
graph contains the key-note to success
in wintering — the placing of warm
absorbents immediately over the clus-
ter to imbibe the excess of moisture
that arises from the bees without al-
lowing the heat to escape.

What is the use of putting bees into
a cellar, then packing in the spring in
order to get the bees strong early, thus
making double work of it ? 1 think
that the best plan is to contract the
hives with division-boards to suit the
colony. Place in no more combs than
the bees cover well. The colder the
weather, the more compact bees will
cluster. In extreme cold weather they
will cluster so compactl}- that from 60
to 80 bees will cluster inside of a cul)iT;
inch. As it warms up, the cluster will
expand, to again contract as it gets
cold again, consequently we want thein
packed to prevent them from getting
warm, as well as from getting cold.
But when the middle of February or
March 1st comes, we want this
changed. We then want them to be
warmed by the sun. just as much and
as often as possible. I want my
hives just as full of bees ;is the}' c;iu
be. by the time the first white clover
blossoms open. If I am going to get
a crop of either comb or extracted
honey in the .Simplicity hive. I want
two stories chock-full of brood — of
course the two outside frames will be
more or less occupied with bee-bread
and honey in both stories.

The past season I put 9 frames in
the lower hive, and I do not know but
what it is a good scheme. Now when
we go to putting on boxes, follow Mr.
Heddon. and put the lower body on
top, then the boxes. If you want to
climb trees, hive swarms, and get no
houey, just try contracting the brood-
nest, especially if you have two or
three yards to look after. I have often
wondered if Mr. Doolittle and some of
the other small-hive men, ever saw a
really lirst-class colony of bees at the
beginning of the white clover harvest.
If we expect to get a big crop of

684

•rrn® JSBIBMICMff MMM JOWMlfMI.?.

houey. we must have lots of bees when
the flow begins.

To sum up the wintering problem
from my stand-point, have large hives;
pack well with forest leaves ; have
strong colonies and young queens ;
encourage late breeding in the fall. and
have the apiary in a well-sheltered
place in the spring. Feed rye flour in
the warmest spots you can find, placed
in a large barrel or hogshead, with the
end with the head out to the sun.
Leave no more combs in the hives
than the bees cover, and see that they
have plentj- of old honey, or else feed
sugar syrup. Keep placing empty
combs (or combs containing honey
but no bee-broad) in the center of the
brood-nest Us required, as the bees
almost always have solid walls of bee-
bread and honey at the sides of the
brood-nest.

In all probability the crop of white
clover next spring will be heavy, from
the fact that the rains have come early
enough this fall togive the white clover
from the seed a chance to get a good
start before freezing weather. In our
locality winter rarely injures the white
clover — it is the late fall drouths that
■■ do it up."

My crop of white clover honey this
year amounted to about 5,000 pounds,
it is too early yet to say what the fall
crop will reach, though now it would
probably run over 7,000 pounds, as the
bees are just booming on asters and
golden-rod. We will soon hear all tlie
great bee-keepers singing a ditt'erent
tune about golden-rod. if it acts every-
where as it is doing in Madison county
this fall. The bees have been busy on
it for nearly a month. My bees will
pay me better this season than ever
before, and they will go into winter
quarters in better condition.

A. N. Draper.

COKVENTIOI^f DIRECTORY.

1 890. Time and place of meeting.

Oct. 10, n.— Union, at Hamilton, Ills.*

Daniel Shank, Sec, Clayton, Ills.

Oct. 15.— Central Michienn. at Lansing. Mich.

W. A. Barnes, Sec, Lansing, Micb.

Oct. 18.— yorfc& Cumberlan'i.at Goodman's Mills,Me
C. W. Costellow, Sec, Waterboro, Maine.

Oct. 22, 23.— Missouri State, at Mexico, Mo.

J. W. Rouse. Sec, Mexico. Mo.

Oct. 29-31.— International American, at Keokuk, la.
C. 1". Datlant, Sec, Hamilton, Ills.

,Oct. 30.— Turkey Hill, at Wiklerman's Sta.. Ills.

A. Fehr, Sec. Belleville, Ills.
1891.
Jan. 1.— Michigan State, at Detroit, Mich.

H. D. Cutting. Sec, Clinton, Mich.

May 7.— Susquehanna County, at Montrose, Pa.

II. U. Seeley, Sec, Ilartord, P.t.

H^" In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — The Editor.

I waited until June, when I wrote to
them again, saying that if they could not
ship the eggs by June 16, to please return
my money, as it was getting late ; and still
no answer came.

I wrote again on July 2, for the return of
the money, as it was too late to set the
eggs. Early in August I wrote again, ask-
ing them to return my money, and told
them that was the third and last time I
should ask them to return my money. It
is now Sept. 26, and they have not returned
the money, or even written a word to me.
I would not take the eggs as a gift, now. ^
Isabella Tkego.

Swedona, Ills., Sept. 26, 1890.

International Bee-Association.

Hon. K. L. Taylor.. Laijocr. Mich.
■C. P. Diidaut Hamilton, Ills.

Pkesident-
Seoketakv-

ITational Bee-Keepers' Union.

President— James Herldon ..Dowagiac. Mich.
Sec'y AND Manager— T. G. Newman, Chicago.

Supplied M'itli IVinter Stores.

Bees will go into winter quarters well
supplied. They have averaged about 30
pounds of honey each in one pound sec-
tions, and they are still at work on various
flowers— such as golden-rod and asters, and
a little late buckwheat. "We never have
any trouble with foul brood in this part of
the country. Ed. Smith.

Carpenter, Ills., Sept. 36, 1890.

CJatliered Eiioug:!! tor Winter.

The fall season is now ended, and 'a very
light crop of honey has been harvested in
the "bottoms," and none at all on the up-
lands ; but in this vicinity, bees gathered
about enough to carry them over winter.
White clover, though badly killed in places
by the dry, hot weather, is, I believe, in
better condition than it was three years
ago at this time. W. J. Ccllin.vn.

Quincy, Ills., Sept. 30, 1890.

But I>ittle Wiiite Honey Stored.

I wintered 12 colonies last winter, and
commenced the spring with that number,
and had 4 swarms from them. I made, by
dividing. 12 new colonies, whieh increased
my whole number of colonies to 28. They
did not store much white honey in the sec-
tions, and there was no buckwheat and fall
honey. Prices for houey will be higher
than usual. C. D. Baubek.

Stockton, N. Y., Sept. 24, 1890.

Mr. .Stone asked. "What is the best
plan for a lioney-house ?"

Mr. Robbins has one 12x12 feet,
single-walled, with windows in the
south to let in the rays of the sun. He
says he can ripen houey in this house
better than it will ripen on the hives.

President England explained how to
make bee-escapes on the windows by
placing wire-cloth cones at each upper
corner extending upward and outward.
Mr. Draper keeps extracted honey,
after being fully ripened, in the cellar,
bunged up tight. He had samples of
different kinds of extracted honey that
were kept in this manner, and they
were fine.

The convention then adjourned to
meet at the call of the Executive Com-
mittee. C. E. YOCOM, Sec.

Honey Ironi Wiiite J>aisy.

Bees swarmed but little in this locality
the past season. May and June lieing wet
and backward. Clover did not produce
any more than enough to stimulate brood -
rearing, and basswood was a complete
failure. Through June and a portion of
July white daisy yielded very well— one
colony stored 48 pounds of this daisy
honey, in the sections. Buckwheat yielded
for a few days, then stopped short, and we
have had nothing since. I commenced the
season with 9 colonies, and now have 18,
permitting only one swarm to issue from
each colony. White daisy honey is a yel-
lowish amber, rather strong in taste, and
tough comb, with a muddy-gray capping.
What is the opinion of bee-keepers in re-
gard to the safety of this daisy honey for
wintering bees ; P. P. Hauhixotox.

Hartwick, N. Y., Sept. 36, 1890.

XUe Feeding and liife of Bees.

Late feeding is a mistake, and many a
bad result has arisen therefrom. Late
breeding we cannot always prevent, but it
should not be encouraged. Young bees
cannot endure the same length of confine-
ment, if they have never had a good flight,
as adult bees. The foregoing will perhaps
impress the beginner with the evils of late
feeding and breeding, and convey to him
the cause of dwindling. Notwithstanding
all that has been written upon the natural
term of bee-life, there is still much miscon-
ception regarding the limit.

Xenia, O. C. E. Woodward.

Clubs of 5 for $4.00 to any addresses.
Ten for $7.50, it all are sent at one time.

llnbusiness-IJUe Treatment. •

My experience with A. P. Stauffer & Co.
has not been such as Rev. W. P. Faylor's,
as stated on page 635. On April 22, 1890,
1 sent them *2 for eggs ; and waiting about
three weeks, and not hearing from them, I
wrote, asking if they had received my or-
der, and they replied that they had, and
would ship s<ion.

Result*^ ©fa If ear and a Half.

A year and a half ago my hwsband took
a swarm of bees from a tree, bought three
more, and subscribed for the American
Bee Journal, and with it as our instructor
we commenced keeping bees. We have
bought 6 swarms since, and now at the end
of the second season we have 34 colonies.
This year we have taken 300 pounds of
comb honey, and l,70o pounds of extract-
ed, and the bees are still very busy at work
on fall flowers and alfalfa. We have apricot
and peach orchards, also a vineyard ad-
ioining the apiary, and the bees have never
bothered the fruit, except when drying^ if
pared, or punctured by yellow-jackets. The
sun is very hot, and we keep our bees in
the shade, and in winter they need no pro-
tection. We have seen bees working on
flowers like the enclosed. Will you please
tell me if it is golden rod ?

Mrs. p. W. Minthorn.
Terra Cotta City, Calif.

[It is one of the golden-rod family, and a
good honey -producer.— Ed.j

TM® m^mmmi^nH bmb jqurns:!^.

685

BUSINESS MANAGER.

EZZZZZ ZZZZZZZXXZZZZZ]

ixsiucss 3^lotices.

■ Subscribers who do not receive their

papers promptly, should notify us at once.

tt^" Send us one 7iew subscription, with
$1.00, and we wUl present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

11^" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundi'ed, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

1^" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this ofiBce at 25 cents per ounce, by express.

Jt^" Send us tiuo new subscriptions, with
$2.00, and we will present you with a
" Globe " Bee-Veil for your trouble. (See
the fuller notice in the advertising col-
umns.)

1^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

1^" Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

1^" Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jour-
nal at .$1.85 for the two ; or with both our
Home Journal and Bee Journal for $2.25
for all three papers.

1^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write America7i Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

1^" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

'• 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 23

•' 200 colonies (420 pages) 150

^^"■When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

pW A "Binder" made especially lor
the American Bee Jour.nal, and lettered
in gold, makes a very convenient way of
preserving the copies of the Bee Journal
as fast as they are received. We offer it,
postpaid, for 60 cents ; or as a premium for
two new subscriptions, with $3.00. It can-
not be mailed to Canada.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

DENVER, Sept. 15.— We quote: 1-Ibs., first
grade, lG@18c. liteswax, 20@25c.

J. M. CLARK COM. CO.. 1517 llUiko St.

noSTON, Sept . ■;?.— We quote best while clo-
ver 1-llis. at Kjft.lSc. E.xtracted, 7&UC. per 11).
liccs«ii,\, 28c.

BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.

NEW YORK", Sept. 12.— Hoiiev is in excellent
demand, iuiil Hods ready sale at the following
prices: Faiu-y wliite 1-lbs.. lUfiilKc: same, 2-
Ibs., 14(ijil.")c; c}tt-Hia(les, 1-lbs., l.'Sftl.-jc; same,
2-lbs., I2@i:jc: huckivhcat. 1-lbs., ll@12c;
same, 2-lbs., lOf, Uc. Extracted, clover and
basswood, 8c; buckwheat, lie; California, 6«
®7c. HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
28-30 West Broadway.

CHICAGO, Sept. 10.- Honey h.is sold well of
late, despite the higher range of prices— 17®
18c being the v;ilue of white comb in 1-pouud
sections, and sells upon arrival; the weather
being cool, a brisk trade is now being expe-
rienced. Extracted also sells quickly at 7(gi8c
in barrels and cases. Supply fair.

K. A. BURNBTT,'l61 S. Water St,

KANSAS CITY. Oct. 2.— Demand for comb
houey contimies good, but supply light. We
quote: Choice white 1-lbs., 1(5(^180. : light 1-
Ibs., 14@16c. ; dark 1-lbs., 10@12c. Extracted
white, 6@7c.; dark. .->@6c. Beeswax, 25c.
CLEMONS, MASON & CO.,

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

CHICAGO, Sept, 10.— New honev arriving
very slowly, demand active, and all receipts
are taken promptly. We quote: White clover
1-Ihs., l(i@18c.: ^!-lbs., 14@15c.; dark 1-Ibs.,
ll((l'12c: 2-lbs., 9610c. Extracted meets with
quick sale, values ranging from 6!4@7'/4 cts.,
depending upon quality and style of package.
Beeswax, 28(gj30c.

S. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, Sept. ll.-Demand for comb
honey is larger thiiii the receipts. We quote:
White 1-lbs., IBc; 'J-lbs., 14c. Dark 1-lbs. i:ic.;
2-lbs.. 12c. Extracted, white, 7c. ; dark, 5®6c.
No beeswax on the market.

HAMBLIN A: BEARSS, 514 Walnut St.

DETROIT, Sept. lO.-Comb honev is selling
at 14(Silt>e; very little in the market. Extrac-
ted, 7@8c. Beeswax, 26c for good.

M. H. HUNT. BeU Branch, Mich.

CINCINNATI, Sept. 22.-Demand is good for
all kinds of honey. The arrivals are fair. We
((uote: Choice comb, 14®10c. ; extracted, 5'i
(gisc.

Beeswax is in good demand at 24(g426c.,for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH ifc SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

A lew Method of Treating Disease.

HOSPITAL REMEDIES.

What are they ; There is a new departure
in the treatment of disease. It consists in
the collection of the specifics used by noted
specialists of Europe and America, and
bringing them within the reach of all. For
instance, the treatment pursued by special
physicians who treat indigestion, stomach
and liver troubles only, was obtained and
prepared. The treatment of other physi-
cians, celebrated for curing catarrh, was
procured, and so oa till these incomparable
cures now include disease of the lungs,
kidneys, female weakness, rheumatism and
nervous debility.

This new method of " one remedy for one
disease" must appeal to the common-sense
of all sufferers, many of whom have experi-
enced the ill efl'eets, and thoroughly realize
the absurdity of the claims of Patent
Medicines which are guaranteed to cure
every ill out of a single bottle, and the use
of which, as statistics prove, has ruined
more stomcwhn than alcohol. A circular
describing these new remedies is sent free
on receipt of stamp to pay postage, by
Hosjiital Remedy Company, Toronto, Can-
ada, sole proprietors.

51D26t linly.

Tlie ''>'Fsii-iti.l>oiiIli-y'' is a 20-pag6'
monthly, published in Boston at 50 cents
per year. It is issued with a colored cover
and is finely illus-trated throughout.

We have arranged to club the American
Bke Journal with the Farm-Poultry at
$1.85 per year for the two. Or with the
Illustrated Home Journal at SI. 75 for
the three.

A It <J of Strawberry 4'ultiir<- is

the name of a neat pamphlet of 150 pages,
by Messrs. T. B. Terry and A. I. Root. It
covers the whole subject in an interesting
manner, is nicelj' illustrated, and is just the
work for those beginning to grow delicious
strawberries. Price, postpaid, -10 cents.
For sale at this ofBce.

P(UI KlIP ''"''**^'' Italian Queens :it

I Ull UJlUli 50 eents each ; Unte.'tted at 40
cents each. Address,

OTTO KLKIKOW.

150 Military Ave., - - DETROIT, MICH.
Mention the American Bee JimmnJ.

^ITIATIOX ()FFEREK^o°od:VX?rS

l^ thoroughly understands the manufacture
f^ of Bee-Hivks, Sections, etc. Address, wit ii
references, W. H. Putnam, Hiver Falls, Wis
38Atf
Mention the American Bee Journal.

T\r^,^ CI -^ 1 .. I '--'.OOO pounds of the

hdV VQIA I very Fine.t COMB

V\)\ \Sh\\\I ' M<»^KV, in scant 1-

M. yjK hJ\Mit.\J • lb. Sections, put up i]i

25,000 pounds of the
„= g

1-

^ , . white Basswood Cases

holding 12 Sections- glass on one side of the
Cases, showing off the honey nicely. Avery
fancy lot. The price is 20 cents per pound

on board the ears here. Who wants the lot ':

L. W. BALDWIN & SON,

40Atf INDEPENDENCE, MO.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

GROUND CORK

FOR

Packiiio' Bees for Wiuter.

THIS consists of small pieces about the
size of a pea, and is an excellent thing for
packing Bees in winter. Prices : In original
packages of 100 pounds, $4.00. measuring 14
bushels.; smaller quantities, 10 cents per lb.;
or a seamless sack, containing 15 lbs., SI. 0(5.

THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

The Lever.

THE NATIONAIi

- - PBOHIBITION NEWSPAPER.

Bright! Newsy! and Enterprising!

~2"0"cr siiOTJLiD re:a.id it.

Sample Copy Free.

To Dfew Subscribers, Only 50e a Year.

This offer closes November 1.

Center- Lever Company.

134 Van Buren Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

13Atf— 4Mtf

Mention tlieAtnerican Bee Journal.

686

T"H® SMBMie^MK Wmm JO'^MIfSEf,

Till Pails for Honey.

THESE Pails have full covers, and are excellent
lor sellinK Honey in the ■Honje Market; and
after the Honey granulates in them, it can be
shipped anywhere with perfect safety. All sizes
have a bail, or handle, and when empty are useful
in every household.

The ensravins shows STRAIGHT
TIN PAILS, ot which there are 3 sizes,
holding respectively 3, 5 and i" lbs. of
Honey. Assorted Samples of the a
sizes will be sent by express for 40 cts.
In quantities, the prices are:

Per doz,
Gallon, ..holds 10 lbs ..|1.80.

H-Gallon, holds5 lbs I.dO.

Quart, holds 3 lbs 1.2ii

Per 100

..$12,00

. 9.00

7.0t)

The second engravinE represents
THB TAPERING TIN PAILS-
niade heavier and stronRer than
those with straight sides. The
covers are deeper, and the top-
edge of the Pail is doubled over,
making it smooth and convenient
to handle. Of the Tapering Pails
there are five sizes, viz: i-lb.. 4-lb.,
7-lb., I3-!b., and 2.vib. Assorted

Samples of these will he shipped

by express for 7.> cents, lu quantities, the prices
are as follows :

To bold Mb. 4-lb8. 7-lbs. 13-lbs. So-lba.
Perdozen, $ .75....$l.i;.T. ..$ 1.50....$ 2.00....$ 3.25

FerlOO, 5.00 8.00 lO.OO 14.50 23.00

THOS. <i. NEWMAN & SON,

■J46 East Madison Street. - CHICAGO. ILL.

Bee -Hives, Sections, &c.

On and after Feb. 1, 1890, we will sell our
No, 1 V-groove Sections in lots of 500 as fol-
lows: Less than '2.000 at $3.50 per thousand;
2,000 to 5,000 at $3.00 per thousand. Write-
locspecial prices on larger quantities. No. _
Sections $*2.00 per thousand. Send for Price-
tiist lor other Supplies. Address,

J. STAIIFFER & SONS,

(Successors to B. J. Miller ^t Co.)
31Atf NAPPANEE. IND.

BEESWAX WANTED.

Beeswax.— We wi!! pay 35 cents per

pound, in Cash, for Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
ered liere.

US'" To avoid mistakes, the name of the
shipper should always be on each package.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

24C East Madison StiTct, - CHICAGO, ILL.

PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION

HAS NO SA«; IN BltOOD FKAIMES.

THIN FLAT BOTTOM FOUNDATION

HaM no Fitsli-boiie in Siirp]u»»Iloney.

FSi.^ Being the cleanest is usimlly worked
^J the quickest of liny Foundation made.
J. VAN DEIISEIVA: SONS,

Sole Manufacturers.
Sprout Brook, Montgomery Co., N. Y.
lAlf

Mention the American Bee Journal.

Scientific (|ueeii-Reariiig

AS PRACTICALLY APPLIED ;

Being: a Method by which tlie very best of

Qaeen-Bee8 are reared in perfect accord

with Nature's Way ; by

Gr. M. DOOLITTLE.

In this book the author details the results
of his Experimeuts in Hearing Queen-Bees for
the past four or five years, and Is the flrst
to present his discoveries to the World.

Bound in Cloth— 176 pages— Price, $1.00,
postpaid ; or, it will be Clubbed with the
American Bee Journal one year, for S1.75—
with the Illustrated Home Journal, for ¥1.25 ;
or the two Journals and the Book for $2.00.

TIIOS. Ci. NEWMAN Sc SON,

240 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

>*^*^*^^^^^^^^^^^-^-^-^-^*^-"~.^ — .- — ...—...^^.-.. .-.» — .

HANDLING BEES

AI*AMI"H1.ET, treating of the taming
and handling ot hces. Just the thing for
beginners. It is a chapter from ^'Xlie Hive
and Hoiiey-Bee, revised." Price, 8 els.
Advice to beginners. Circulars, &c., free.

CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.

Ills

^QUARE {JONELQaNS

The above illustration shows the 60 pound
Squ.vke Honey C.ixs which are becoming
quite popular for shipping extracted honey.
They are enclosed in
a solid case of wood,
and the boxes contain
either one or two Cans
as may be preferred.

"We can furnish them
at the following prices,
witli a li.j'-inch Screw
Cap in the corner of
each Can.

For the convenience
of digging out candied
honey, we can furnish
these Cans with an
additional four-inch Screw Cap for 5 cents
extra on each Can.

1 Single Can (boxed) 5^ -i-o

12 " Cans... "

lOO " " "

.5.00

-iO.OO

75

8.40

100 " " 05.00

THOMAS G. WEWMAN & SON,

24G East Madison Street. - CHICAGO, ILL.

Mutli's Honey-Extractor,

Perfection Cold-Blaet Smokers,
SqUAKE GLASS HONET-JARS, etc.

For Circulars, apply to

CHAKI^ES F. lUrrTH dc SON,

Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., CINCINNATI, O.

P. 8.— Send 10c. for Practical Hints to Bee-Eeeperp.

Mention the A merican Bee Jou7-nal.

TAKE NOTICE!

BFFORE placing yourOrdere for SUrPlvlES,
write tor prices on (.)ne-I*iece Basswofid Sections
Bee - Hives, Shippinc - Crates.Frames, Foundation,
ijmokers, etfc. Address.

B. H. SCHMinT <iz CO.,

lAly NKWLONDON, Waupaca Co. WIS.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

British. Bee Journal

AND BEE-KEEPEES' ADVISER,

IS published every week, at 68. 6d. per
an num. It contains the very best practical
Information for the apiarist. It is edited by
Thomas Wm. Cowan, F.G.S., F.R.M.S., etc., and
published by John Huckle. King's Langley
Herts, England.

BEE-FEEDERS.

The Basting's "Perfection " Bee-Feeder
holds one quart, a:nd the letting down of
the food is regulated by a thumb-screw. The
cover screws on securely.
It is easy to regulate-
either a quart or a spoon-
ful can lie given in a day
or inan hour, as desired,
and where it is needed
most — over the cluster of
bees. Not a drop of food
need be lost, and robber
bees cannot get at it.
Price, "40 cents, or one
dozen for.?3.50. Postage, 10 cts. extra on
each Feeder. Spectai. R.ites to Dealers —
Write for prices.

The " Shuck " Bee-Feeder, as here shown,
may be placed at tlic hive-entrance, any
time of the day, without danger from the

robber bees. It feeds much or little, as may
Ije wanted, and the food can be reached by
the bees only from the inside of the hive.

Price, iHt cts., postijaid ; by express, 35
cents each, or $3.40 per dozen.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
246 East Madison Street. - CHICAGO, ILLS.

LOOK HERE !

BEFOKR PlifVCING YOrR ORDER
for SDPPLIES for Lsttl, get my Prices
and Discounts.
Prlcc-litst FREE.

Address, .1. M. KINZIE,

2(IAly ROCHBSTKK. Oaliland Co., MICH.

Mention the Amer'mn Bee Journal.

1 KMPLOTMENT. AGE!HT9
unlfrl everywhere, for tlic H(_>ME
J' •UK.S'.VI. — a ^'^aud lamiiy p.'iper.
1 Biij Ctisk Preiuiuvis. Sample FuEE.
' THOri. G. NEWMAN & SON,
Madison-Street, - CJ11C.\G(J, ILiS.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

WE have httd splendid success this season.
We believe we ha\e filled all orders tip to
date, and can now send t'arniolaii Aillallaii
Queeii!« by return mail, jn-oviding- you do not
all order lit once. Wc shall have about 100
of those Beaulifiil "kelloiv Cariitolaii
Queens ready to shi|> during- September— a
ne^\■ strain of liecs possessinj^ all the desirable
poiiils ot Carniolans, with color added. Price
of all yuccas. jil.OO each, by mail.

E. L. PRATT, PRATT BEE-FARM,

SAtf Marlboro, Mass,

Mention thj American Bee Journal.

SPECIAL DISCOUNT

ON HIVES.

IN order to keep our factory running during
the fall and winter months, we will make
a discount of 10 per cent, on all orders for
Hives received before Jan. 1, 1891, and after
that ilate, until March 1. we ivill make a dis-
covnit of 5 per cent, from our Catalogue

Jiriecs.

The experience of the last season should
prompt every bee-keeper to have his supply of
Hives, etc., on hand before the season com-
mences, and avoid the rush.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Tmm mmmmicKn mmm jQ'Iurnsi^.

691

>*0>^*^tAJ

>*^*^*^*^*»*^'^ »— ^^^— .^^^— ^^».^^».

THOS. G.NEWMAN ^SON, ;

CHICACO. Il-.l^.

S^ <v

XH091AS «. NEWniAIV,

EDITOR.

Vol. mi, Oct. 18,1890. No. 42.

Aljlttle Xime for laughter,

A little space for song —
And tears that hurry after —

Ere we, too, go along.

Xlie Silver M^eddinST (35 years) of
Mr. and Mrs. H. D. Cutting occurred on the
27th ult. Their friends in Clinton, Mich.,
(their home) took them by surprise in the
evening— assumed control of their home,
sp'ent a few pleasant hours, leaving many
presents as remembrances of their visit,
and departed with good wishes all around.
The Bee Journal also extends its con-
gratulations.

Xhe Programme of the Interna-
tional Convention to be held at Keokuk on
the 29th inst, will be found on another
page. We hope that there will be a large
attendance. The raih-oads refuse to give
us special rates, but that cuts only a small
figure. The hotels give us special rates,
and the Business Men's Association of
Keokuk have kindly donated the free use
of the Hall of the Grand Army of the Re-
public (one of the finest in the city) for the
<:onvention.

The Secretary, Mr. C. P. Dadant, writes
as follows concerning the convention :

Friend Root has suggested that bee-keep-
ers bring different sorts of honey to be
tested, and also cakes and preserves made
of honey, to be tried at a special dinner.
We expect to be able to fix this all right,
and I trust that our Western bee-men will
bring us displays of various kinds.

All goods addressed to me and prepaid
to Keokuk or Hamilton will be delivered in
the exhibition room free of charge, under
my supervision. We hope our Western
bee-men will strive to make this meeting
as successful and as interesting as the best
the association ever had. C. P. Dad int.

Xlie I'lirNiiit of Uee-Keepins;.—

As producers of honey and wax bees are of
great value, but their labors iu carrying
pollen from llower to flower, and thus
fertilizing and causing the fruit to set and
mature, shows their greatest value iu the
economy of Nature.

This is shown very clearly, and argued
at considerable length in the able article
in this issue from Prof. Samuel Cushman,
apiarist of the Rhode Island Experimental
Station.

It is a portion of his report to the Agri-
cultural Department at Washington, and
is published by the Government in a
pamphlet.

This will aid the pursuit of beekeeping
very much, for it shows the desirability of
the cross-fertilization of flowers, and the
aid rendered by insects in this work, as
well as the adaiitability of the honey-bee
to the flowers of the most important fruit
and vegetable crops dependent upon insect
visits.

It also calls attention to the decision of
the Supreme Court of Arkansas as to the
unconstitutionality of prohibiting bee-
keeping ; also to laws lately passed iu
Germany, which give all laud owners the
privilege of keeping bees anywhere ;
promises protection by civil right and law,
as well as punishes the destruction of bees
by poison or any other way, by a fine of
$160, or imprisoment for one year.

It indorses the work of the National Bee-
Keepers' Union, which persistently fought
for and triumphantly obtained that Decis-
ion in Arkansas !

It also shows that no one need refrain
from keeping bees on account of opposition
due to ignorance, fear, jealousy, or the ill-
will of their neighbors, though all reason-
able precautions should be taken to prevent
accidents.

This shows what influence has been ex-
erted by the Union. It protested against
unjust law and conquered I It fought with
men in temporary authority, and ousted
them from the oflices they disgraced !

It demanded for bee-keepers their in-
alienable rights, and procured the best
legal talent to argue the case. As a result
the Supreme Court gave a Decision, which
was worth thousands of dollars to the
industry !

Still more, it appealed to that "Magna
Charta " of our rights and liberties— the
Constitution of the United States — for the
rights of apiarists to pursue an honorable
and peaceful vocation. Victory perched
upon its banners, and the Union now' says
to ignorance and jealousy — "Hands off!"
"No citizen shall be deprived of his life,
liberty or property except by the judgment
of his peers, and thelaw of the land."

J3" Among our callers last week were
Mr. H. H. Brown, of Light Street, Pa., and
W. M. Barnum, of Angelica, N. Y.— with
both we had a very pleasant visit.

Xlie Clly Hoard, at Piano, Ills., was
warned in time by the pamphlets we sent to
each member, on the Arkansas Supreme
Court Decision, entitled " Bee-Keeping Not
a Nuisance." The members saved them-
selves trouble by referriug the petition of
Mr. Marley to the Law and Ordinance
committee, where it will be buried. The
members of the committee say that no
action will be taken on the matter.

The instigator, however, lets himself
down easy, by averring that he "will take
it to the Courts." That is just the place to
have it. There we have a Decision on
record, as a precedent that bee-keeping is
not perse a uuisance !

The quiet work done b5' the Union is
effectual ! It warns the foolish to beware !
To the leader of an attack on apiculture it
says— Ho?!d.s off !

When the cause is a just one (and it will
defend no others), it is always successful
when carried to the highest Courts. Local
prejudice may avail for a time, but " the
majesty of law" triumphs at last, by
giving to the pursuit of bee-keeping its
"rights and privileges" under the Con-
stitution, and defending its devotees in
the enjoyment of them.

Friend W. V. Clarice, of Guelph,

Out., writes us that he expects to attend
the International Convention at Keokuk,
as the official Representative of the
Ontario (Canada) Bee-Keepers' Association.
He has had an attack of lumbago combined
with sciatica, which lasted nearly all the
summer. The lumbago seems to have left
him, but the sciatica remains as his con-
stant companion and tormentor. He is
much improved, however, and will make
the trip to Keokuk in the interest of health
as well as to enjoy the fellowship of kin-
dred minds. That meeting promises to be
a very pleasant one.

About 60 of the bee-keepers of South-
western Wisconsin met at the residence of
E. France, of Platteville, on the 8th inst.,
and held an interesting convention. Sev-
eral essays were read, and the subjects
presented were thoroughly discussed.
From the 1,600 colonies of bees repre-
ented, the average honey crop was 14
pounds. The next meeting will be held at
Lancaster, Wis., in March, 1891.

Free Xrial Xrip subscriptions are
coming in quite isapidly. We thank our
friends for this new illustration of their
personal interest in the Bee Jourx.al. We
want thousands to read it for a few weeks
who did not know of its existence. Do not
be afraid of sending too many names. Let
us have the name and address of every
person who keeps bees in America.

Clubs of 5 for $4.00 to any addresses.
Ten for $7.50, if all are sent at one time.

692

THE mm^MmicRM mmm jou^knmi*.

The State Fair at Providence, R. I.,
was very successful. One of the greatest
attractions was the Bee and Honey Depart-
ment. It is thus described by the Provi-
dence Journal :

In the old pastry room is to be found the
finest exhibit of bees and products that has
ever been held anywhere in the New Eng-
land States, or in New York State.

The space apportioned the exhibitors in
this department has proved entirely inad-
equate to their needs and an overflow ex-
hibit is to be found in the butter and
cheese room. The exhibits show the va-
rious kinds of bees, queens, queen-cells, and
the implements and supplies used in the
modern methods of producing honey.
Glass observatory hives to the number of
8. containing colonies, are here to be
found, and in addition to these there are
nine single-comb glass hives.

The exhibitors are Arthur C. Miller, of
Barrington, who exhibits comb honey, ex-
tracted honey of various kinds, jars of
granulated honey, sun wax extractor, and
implements and honey ; A. M. Cole exhib-
ited comb honey and bees ; E. S. Boweu,
extracted honey ; Thomas M. Pierce, ex-
tracted and comb honey,bees and beeswax.
Dr. Merchant, of Warren, extracted honey
and finely filled combs, as well as hives of
bees ; John A. McCray, crates of comb
honey.

Samuel Lewis has a very large exhibit of
extracted honey, granulated honey and
comb honey ; Robert Niven, of Providence,
exhibits honey in glass show cases, both
comb and extracted ; William A. Green
exhibits several hives of bees and instru-
ments used in queen-rearing ; W. J. Tracy
and A. C. Olney have also small exhibits.

Mr. Samuel Cushman, representing the
Rhode Island Experiment Station, exhibits
a large number of bottles of extracted
honey in the various styles of the most
desirable jars for preserving the product.
Mr. Cushman also brought up from the
School at Kingston, a cage having a swarm
of bees clustered on a branch in quite a
natural style. The Experiment Station
has made a collection of hives of various
patterns from different parts of the coun-
try, to examine, which will be of interest
to bee-keepers or intending bee-keepers.

The premiums awarded in this Depart-
ment were :

Most attractive display of comb honey,
1st, Robert Niven, Providence ; 2d, Samuel
W. Lewis ; 3d, Albert M. Cole, East Provi
dence.

Samples of comb honey, not less than 12
pounds, perfection and color of comb and
quality of honey to govern, 1st, Arthur C.
Miller, Barrington ; 2d, A. C. Olney, Har-
risville ; 3d, J. H. Merchant, Warren.

Largest and most attractive display of
extracted honey, 1st, Samuel W. Lewis,
Olneyville ; 2d, Arthur C. Miller, Barring-
ton /Sd, E. S. Barnes, Providence.

Samples of extracted honey, not less
than 12 pounds, quality, body, flavor and
color considered, 1st. J. M. Merchant,
Warren : 2d, Mrs. S. M. Lackey, Provi-
dence ; 3d, Thomas M. Pierce, Wickford.

Best display of granulated honey in
glass, 1st, Mrs. Lackey, Providence ; 2d,
Samuel W. Lewis, Olneyville ; 3d, Arthur
C. Miller, Barrington.

Best display of not less than 5 pounds of
beeswax produced by exhibitor, 1st, Mary
E. Ralph, Hope : 2d, Arthur C. Miller, Bar-
rington ; 3d, Thomas M. Pierce.

Best display of Italian bees and queen in
single-comb observatory hive, 1st, A. M.
Cole, East Providence ; 2d, Arthur C.
Miller ; J. M. Merchant.

Best display of Carniolan bees and
queen in single-comb observatory hive, 1st,
Arthur C. Miller.

Best display of queen-cells and attend-
ant bees in single-comb observatory hives,
cells to mature during the Fair. 1st, Thos.
M. Pierce ; 2d, J. M. Merchant ; 3d, A. M.
Cole.

Best colony of bees, lst,Arthur C. Miller;
2d, J. M. Merchant ; 3d, W. A. Greene,
Providence.

Best complete hive for comb honey, 1st,
J. M. Merchant ; 2d, Robert Nivens ; 3d,
Thomas M. Pierce.

Best complete hive for extrated 'honey,
1st. A. M. Cole ; 2d, Thomas M. Pierce ;
3d, J. M. Merchant.

Largest and most useful collection of
bee-keepers' instruments and supplies, 1st,
R. Nivens.

Best new apiarian instrument exhibited
by inventor, diploma, Arthur C. Miller.

Best honey extractor, 1st, Robert Niv-
ens ; 2d, A. M. Cole.

Best wax extractor, premium, Arthur C.
Miller.

Best honey -vinegar, not less than a quart,
premium, Samuel W. Lewis.

Sweepstake for best exhibit in this
division, exclusive of implements and sup-
plies, society's diploma, Arthur C. MiUer.

l..a Crippe again appears and claims
its victims. It is early, and will no doubt
reap a large harvest before next summer
Already quite a number of cases are re-
ported among bee-men — the latest being
our friend J. M. Hambaugh, of Spring,
Ills., who reports thus :

I was taken down sick about Sept. 8,
since which time I have scarcely been able
to leave my room, and a goodly portion of
the time I have been bedfast. My malady
is La Q-rippc. I have had to subdue the
fever on myself twice, and though my
physician pronounces me better, I am still
quite feeble.

We well known how to sympathize with
friend Hambaugh and others who have had
a visit from that very disagreeable malady.
It takes four months to get over its attack,
and we hope never to have another such a
tussel. It weakens the constitution, de-
stroys the energy, and makes life a burden.

diminished, and ceased entirely with its
subsidence.

Not having vessels for saving the honey,
the "favored-five" discoverers of this re-
markable phenomenon decided to revisit
the place a few days hence for conveying
away in proper vessels the falling manna,
of which they expected to secure quite a
lot.

Honey Slio^ver. — The San Bernar-
dino Courie?' gives the following " story "
about a honey shower, which it claimed
was seen and felt in a dry canyon in South-
ern California. The Courier also calls it
"manna." " What was it i" or " Did any-
thing like it ever occur i" That's the ques-
tion. It says :

Two days ago five gentlemen of this place
drove away in a carriage, taking with them
guns and cooking utensils. Bringing up
about noon near a spring in a dry canyon,
they kindled a fire for preparing lunch. As
soon as frying-pan and coffee-pot began
doing duty over the burning fagots, honey
in lumps from the size of drops to gobs
larger than human fists — rained or fell into
frying pan or coffee-pot, sweetening cook-
ing game and boiling coffee-water.

The startled Nimrods found that as the
fire was reduced the honey-shower also

Full Height of Cells in comb foun-
dation has been announced in Germany,
as will be seen by the following item from,
the Bienenvater aiis Boehmen, translated
for us by the Rev. S. Roese :

What bee-keeper has not expressed the-
wish that a machine might be invented
which would manufacture foundation in
its natural size and height of cells * Such
a machine was constructed a few years;
ago, but the instrument proved too expen-
sive and impractical, and the matter was
dropped and forgotten. Although the
readers of the Bienenvater have, up to-
date, never read an article from my pen in,
their paper, yet I cannot refrain from mak-
ing known to them the greatest discovery
siuce the days of Dzierzon. it is for the-
general interest of the bee-keeping world,
to know, as soon as possible, that a machine-
has been invented, which will make foun-
dation comb, with cells 20 millimeters
high.

When the inventor of this machine— Herr
Caccan Beyer, of Olbernhon, Saxony— in-
formed me of this invention, I believed it
to be a humbug, and many a reader of this-
paper will express himself the same way ;
but I guarantee that it is the honest truth.

The "Edi Comb Foundation" is the name-
for the new foundation, which will cause a.
thorough revolution in the manufacture of
foundation comb. G. Adolphson.

Wytigon, Zurich.

Similar announcements have been mad»
in America by Weed Bros., but every tim&
a test has been made a faUure is the result,
with a promise of a success the next time.

But we would ask, of what possible value
can such an " invention " be to apiarists i
The simple fact that it must be boxed for
shipping a few sheets at a time, would
practically make it valueless.

«. 'W. Iii;;raiii. of Tempe, Arizona,,
has a bee-ranch and apiary for sale at a
bargain.

All Wiio Subscribe for the Ameri-
cas Bee JotTKNAL can hereafter have our
Illustrated Home Journal also, from the-
time their subscriptions are received to
Jan. 1. 1892— both papers for only 81.35.
We can also furnish Oleanings in Bee-
Culture for same time with the above, for
SS.IS for all three periodicals This is an.
offer that should be accepted by all who
keep bees, and desire the regular visits of
these standard publications— all three pe
riodicals from now to Jan. 1, 1892, for the
price named.

Handlin;; Bees.— This is the title of
a nice pamphlet containing 28 pages and a
cover, published by Chas. Dadant & Son.
It is a chapter from their book, Langstrotb
Revised, and is an excellent thing for be-
ginners. Price, 8 cts. For sale at this office.

XHK :BEMERicji:if mmw JOURNai,.

693

Xhe International Convention

■will be held in the G. A. R. Hall, Eates
House, Keokuk, Ipwa, Oct. 29, 80 and 81,
1890.

PROGRAMME.
First Day—Wednesihiy, Oct. 29.

9:00 a.m. — Call to order. Reception of new
Members. Payment of Dues. Appointment
•of Committees for Questiun-Bo.x and other
purposes.

10:00 A.M.— Address of Welcome— J.E.Craig,
Mayor of Keokuk.

Recess,

11:00 A.M.— "Fift.v Years' Progress in Api-
culture."—Thomas G. Newman. Editor of the
American Bee Journal, Chica^'o.

QCTESTION-BO.X.

1:30 P..M.— " Apicultural Journalism."— W.
"Z. Hutchinson. Editor of the Bee-Keepers'
Review, Flint, Mich.

DlSCUSSIf)N.

3:00 P.M.— President's Address.— Hon. R. L.
Taylor, Lapeer, Mich.

.3 :.30 P.M.—" Honey Pasturage of the United
States. "—A. I. Root, Editor of Gleanings in
Bee-Culture. Medina, Ohio.

Discussion.

QnESTio.x-Box.

7:00 P..M.— "Apiarian Exhibit at the Coming
Chicago loternationalFair. "— Dr. A. B. Mason,
Auburndalo, Ohio.

Discussion.

qcestion-box.

Second Day— Thursday, Oct. 30.

8:30 A.ii.— "What I don't know about Bee-
Keeping."— Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, Ills.

Discussion.

11 :00 A.M.— Condensed Reports of the Affili-
ated Associations in regard to Crops and
Prospects.

Question-Box.

1 :30 P.M.—" Is it best to use full sheets of
Foundation in Brood and Surplus Frames ?" —
Eugene Secor, Forest City, Iowa.

Dl.SCUSSION.

.3 :00 p.M — " Fixed Frames versus Suspended
Trames."- Ernest R. Root, Medina, Ohio.

Discussion.

7:00 P.M.— "The conditions necessary to in-
sure a Honey Crop."— Prof. A. J. Cook, Agri-
cultural College, Mich.

Discussion.

Question-Box.

Third Bay— Friday. Oct. 31.

8:.30 A.M.— Business of the Association. Sec-
retary's and Treasurer's Reports. Election of
OflBcers.

11:00 A.M.— "In an Apiary run for Honey
■only, are Italians or Hybrids preferable?"-
C. F. Muth. Cincinnati, Ohio.

1:30 P.M.— Volunteer contributions from dif-
ferent sources.

3:00 P.M.— "The International Bee-Associa-
tion. Its past and future. "—W. F. Clarke
<Juelph, Ont,, Canada.

Aiitiinin and tiie UeeN.

Written for Scribner's Montlily
iiv nrxcAV c. stxjTT.

Sing me a song of the autumn clear,
With the mellow days and the ruddy eves ;

Sing me a song of the ending year,
With the piled up sheaves;

Sing me a song of the apple bowers,
Of the great grapes the vine-field yields,

Of the ripe peaches bright as flowers,
And the rich hop fields.

Sing me a song of the fallen mast.

Of the soft odor the pomace sheds,
Of the purple beets left last

In the garden beds.

Sing me a song of the toiling hees,
Of the long flight and the honey won,

Of the white hives under the apple trees
In the hazy sun.

Sing me a song of the thyme and the sage,
Of sweet marjoram in the garden gray,

Where goes my love Armitage
Pulling the summer savory.

Sing me a song of the red deep,

The long glow the sun leaves.
Of the swallows taking a last sleep

In the bam eaves.

The Question-Box Committee will receive
■questions at any time, and will appoint differ-
«nt members to answer those that are deemed
of sufficient interest or importance.

As this is the first meeting of this Interna-
tional Bee-Assoeiation held West of the Miss-
issippi, it is hoped that the Western bee-keep-
ers will make an effort to show what the West
can do. A number of ladies are expected, as
usual. The essayists named in the programme
"Will nearly all be present.

A special room on the same floor as the
C A. E. Hall, has been secured for exhibits of
hees or their products, or implements, and a
special committee will report as to their
merits. Articles for exhibition, if prepaid to
Keokuk and addressed to the Secretars', will
be deli vered i n the proper place free of charge

The Hotel Keokuk, one of the best hotels in
the West, a }3.00 house, will take members at
^.00 per day. The McCarty Boarding, in the
Estes House, on same floor as the G. A. R
Hatl, will board members at ?1.00 per day

Parties wishing to attend will be freely
furnished all necessary Information. Reduced
Kailroad Rates are not to be had.

C. P. DADANT, Secretary,

Hamilton, Ills.

How Long from a Capped Ceil
L'litil the Queen Lays ?

Written for the American Bee Journal

a colony has a capped
no queen, and did not

QiEKT 734.— If
queen-cell, and

swarm when the queen-cell hatched, how
long would it be until there ought to be
eggs in the combs ;— F.

Usually 8 or 10 days.- A. B. Masox.

In about 12 or 1.5 days.— J. P. H. Bkowx.

From 14 to 20 days. — A. J. Cook.

She certainly ought to be laying in a
week after emerging from the cell. —
Ei'GENE Secor.

A queen usually commences to lay when
she is from 8 to 12 days old.— G. M. Doo-

LITTLE.

Six to 12 days, according to the more or
less maturity of the sealed queen. — Dad ant
& Sox.

Sometimes 8 days from the time the
young queen hatches, oftener 10, and
sometimes 16. — C. C. Millek.

There ought to be eggs In the combs in
from 10 to 12 days after the queen
hatches. — C. H. Dibbebx.

It would be from 8 to 12 or 14 days. It
depends upon what stage of development
the capped queen cell is in. — James Heddox

That would depend upon how long the
cell had been capped. Eggs should be
found in from 8 to 1 5 days after the cell
hatches, owing to the weather. — R. L.
Taylok.

Sixteen days from the egg to the perfect
queen ; ordinarily the queen should be
laying In two weeks after she is hatched. —
Mrs. L. Harrisox.

Much will depend upon the weather and
other conditions. Under favorable condi-
tions, there ought to be eggs in from 8 to
12 days from the time the queen hatches. —
M. Mauix.

The queen-cell, if just capped, would
batch in about H days ; in (1 days she may
mate, and in two days more be laying.
This would be the shortest possible time, in
my experience.— G. L. Tinker.

In the case j'ou mention there ought to
be eggs discovered in the combs, if the
search for them is carefully made, on the
10th or 12th day after the cell hatched.
Young queens usually begin to lay eggs at
aliout 10 days old, — G. W. Demakee.

'I'here is some considerable latitude in
this query. As I understand the question,
it will depend wholly upon the length of
time it talies the queen to mate. Usually
4 or .5 days. Viewing the question from
another point, it might be from 8 to 10
days.— J. E. Pond.

From 8 to 10 days from the time the
queen is hatched, we generally see the first
eggs ; but as it often depends upon circum-
stances, it may be longer. If after 10 days
you see no eggs, and cannot find the queen,
give a frame of eggs and young brood, and
if no queen, the bees will start cells, etc. —
P. L. V1.ALL0X.

That depends upon how long the queen-
cell has been capped, and the success at-
tending the wedding-flight of the queen.
Usually she will lay her first eggs when she
is from 8 to 10 days old. — The Editor.

Slilc Paper in Hirei*. — A corres-
pondent from Iowa wrote as follows to the
Chicago Herald :

Inclosed find piece of something that was
formed on the inside of the cap of a bee-
hive that was standing empty.. Nearly the
whole inside of the cap was covered witli
it, and it peeled off easily. I would like to
know what it is, and how it was formed.

J. F. B.

It was submitted to Prof. G. A. Forbes,
the Illinois State Entomologist, who re-
plied thus :

The very curious specimen sent by your
Iowa correspondent is a delicate, unsized
silk paper, formed apparently by some
spinning insect whose web is much finer
than that of the silk-worm. The bees them-
selves cannot have made this paper, as
they spin only in the larva or maggot state
when inclosed, helpless, in their cells.

The bee-moth is a great spinner of a
very fine web. and is a common pest of
neglected hives, but I do not know that it
ever makes any such a smooth and contin-
uous tissue as this. G. A. Forbes.

Convention Notices.

ty The 8th Bemi-annaal meetinf?of the Sasque-
haDDa County Bee-Keepers' Association will be held
at Montrose. Pa., on Thursday. May 7. 1891.

U. M. Seeley, Sec.

jy The next meetini;: of the Turkey Hill Bee-
Keepers' Association, will be held at the Turkey
Hill Grange Hall, near Wildenuan's Station, three
miles southeast of Belleville, Ills., on Oct. 30. 1»590.
All interested in bee-keeping are cordially invited.

A. Fehb, Sec.

J^~ The Mi.'^souri State Bee-Keepers' Association
will meet at Mexico, Mo., on Oct. 22 and 2:i. 189<j. A
good programme, and an instructive and interesting
time are expected. AH are invited to attend. Board
can be obtained for 75 cts. per dav. or 20 cts. a meaL
J. W. Rouse, Sec, Mexico, Mo.

^'e-w ^Subscribers can have the Bee
Jocrxal and the Illustrated Home Jouk-
x.iL from now until the end of 1891 for
S1.35. This is a rare opportunity of club-
bing two valuable periodicals for a slight
advance upon the price of one, and getting
the rest of this year free.

694

XMB' Mmmmi^mn mmim jqiisimmmi^.

QUEENS.

Tbe Introduction of Queen.Bees
in the Fall.

Written for the American Bee Jounuil
BY G. M. DOOLITTLE.

Many seem to think that it is next to
impossible to introduce queens in the
fall, after brood-rearing has ceased for
the season, as my correspondence has
shown during this season of the year,
for years past, as I am often asked if
it would be wisdom to purchase queens
in September and October to replace
old and worn out queens ; for. saj'
they. "Thei-e will be much risk to
lake in trying to introduce queens at
this time of the year."

Now all of my experience goes to
prove that queens can be introduced
more easily in the months named above
than at any other season of the year.
When it comes to finding the old
queen, this is more easily done when
she is laying, but after she is found,
the new queen can be introduced with
a certainty uof always apparent at
other seasons of the year.

At this season of the year there is no
hurry, from the desire to have tlie
queen go to laying as soon as possible,
as is the case during the spi'ing and
summer months, for we do not expect
that she will lay any for the next three
months, no matter how soon she may
be accepted ; hence she can stay caged
for an indefinite period without harm
to either herself or the colony she is to
preside over. For this I'eason. I most
generally use the following plan :

Take a piece of wire-cloth having 14
meshes to the inch, cutting the same
so that it is 4J inches wide by 7i long.
From each of the four corners, cut out
a little square which shall be J-inch on
all sides. Next get out a block 3
inches wide by 6 long, and after hav-
ing placed it in the right position on
the wire-cloth, bend up each of the
four sides around the bloCk so that you
will have a box, as it were, of the
wire-cloth which will be 6 inches long,
3 inches wide, and f inches deep.
Now unravel four wires from each of
the four sides, when j'ou will have a
cage that is the most handy in intro-
ducing queens of anything which I
know of.

Having removed the old queen, and
having the one to be introduced, in a
small, round wire-cloth cage, shake the
bees all oft' from one of the central
combs in the hive, when the new
queen is allowed to An on this comb
and the introducing-cage placed over

her in such a position that a part of it
will be over some unsealed honey. If
the queen's wing is not clipped, take
the comb into a room in letting her on
the comb.

Now press the points of the wire-
cloth, which were made by unraveling
the sides, into the comb till the hori-
zontal wires touch the surface of the
comb, seeing that the corners so come
together that the queen cannot get out,
nor anj' outside bees get in, when the
frame is to be put back into the hive,
leaving the frame next to it oil' far
enough so that tliere wtll then be a
bee-space between the cage and this
last-named comb.

The hive is to be closed now, and
left from a week to two weeks, accord-
ing to the weather, as there is no need
of opening the hive on any certain day.

On some moderately warm day when
the hive can be opened without danger
of chilling the bees, and when it is not
so warm that robbers will be trouble-
some, remove the frame having the
cage on it, and lift the cage from over
the queen, allowing her to go where
she pleases. . As the bees have no
material from which to rear a queen,
they must accept the one given them,
and under such circumstances 1 have
known one to be killed, and I have
practiced this plan more or less for
the past ten years.

UNITING WHEN INTRODUCING.

If the queens to be introduced are
in your own yard, and you wish to
unite two or more colonies at the same
time, I find there is no trouble in put-
ting the colonies together on anj' cool,
cloudy day, when the bees are not
flying. In uniting in this way. the in-
ferior queens should be disposed of a
few days previous to the uniting, and
all the combs taken away from each
which are not wanted in the hive
where the united colon}' is to remain.
In other words, allow only as many
combs in the difterent hives as will go
into one hive. The combs having the
queen with them, should be placed
close to one side of the hive, while
those that are to be carried to this
hive when uniting, should be left in
the middle of the hive, and somewhat
spread apart so that when you come to
carry these latter combs, the bees may
all be clustered on them, rather than
on the sides of the hive.

Now by means of all of the fingers,
or some other device, raise all the
combs at once, so as not to break the
elu.ster of bees, and put them in the
other hive, right by the side of those
already there, and so on until 3-ou have
all in you wish. After closing the
hive, remove the hives and bottom-
boards which have been emptied,
piling them away for the time being,

so that the -old home" will not be-
there when the bees fly the next time,
and you will have no trouble about the-
bees going back to their former loca-
tion. To be sure, some will fly about
over the place, but so far as my ob-
servation goes, these all return to the
united colony, upon not finding any-
hive on their old stand,

I consider this the easiest and best
plan of fall introduction of queens, and
the uniting of colonies at the same
time, of anything I have ever tried.

ANOTHER WAY OF INTRODUCING.

There is another plan of introducing-
queens which I have practiced with
good results, which is as follows -
When a queen is expected to arrive ia
two or three days. 1 go to the hive
which is to receive her, and remove
the old queen, keeping her so that she
may be used in any case of emergency,
until I am sure she will not be needed^
when she is killed.

When the new queen arrives. I take
out the central frame, or the one hav-
ing the most bees upon it, and set it
down outside of the hive, and place
the queen among the bees, keeping-
watch of her. If the bees treat her
kindly, I take another frame from the
hive, and put it bee-space from the
first, so that the queen is betweeo
them, leaving them thus for about avk
hour, and going to them occasionally
and opening the frames to see that the
queen is not balled, wliich thing doe*
not happen one time in ten. The
frames are now lifted together and set
in the hive, when all is well.

Should the queen be balled, she
must be liberated and caged as in the
first plan. In times of robbing, do
this work just at night, so as to avoid it.

Borodino, N. Y.

INTERNATIONAL.

Shall It Meet at Lake George,

W. Y., in 1891 ?

WrittaiJor the American Bee Journal

BY J. H. LARRABEE.

I was much pleased to notice, on
page 647, the suggestions by Mr.
Ernest R. Root, as to the location of
the International Bee-Association for
1891. I might perhaps be accused of
having a personal interest in advocat-
ing Lake George as a place of meet-
ing, but as Mr. Root has introduced
the subject, and, as he as a "for-
eigner " was so well pleased with the
place, perhaps I may be excused for
supplementing his suggestions with
some others which occur to me as re;v-
sons why a grand meeting of our
greatest bee-association could be held
on the shores of this lake.

T'M® m^mmmiGmn mmm jO'iammmi^,

695

The fame of Lake George is world-
wide. Its Indian name of "Horicon,"
and its French Jesuit name of "St.
Sacrament," are more expressive of its
beaut}' than its Englisli name. The
gray granite mountains, whose grim
faces and ragged crests are toned and
softened by the varied green of its
forest coat, plunge down directly into
the crystal water, or. as though fearful
of their own images in those mystic
depths, have retreated back from the
water's edge just far enough to afford
the most enchanting spots for hotels,
country villas and parks. Every gen-
uine bee-keeper is a lover of nature,
and to him this spot is full of food for
enjoyment. Rev. Joseph Cook, the
great Boston Monday lecturer, has
erected a summer house upon one of
these rocky heights, and has placed
this sentiment in a conspicuous place :
'•Here let every honest American sit
down, look about him, thank God, and
take courage." The surface of the
lake is dotted with scores — yes, hun-
dreds— of the most beautiful wooded
islands. These islands are owned by
the State, and it is misdemeanor to
even cut a tree or bush thereon ;
thereby is preserved their virgin
beauty.

Now as to accommodations and mode
of access to the place : There are
scores of first-class hotels along its
shores, open only during the summer
season, and as the association ought to
meet about Sept. 20. almost any of
them would be glad of so much extra
patronage to round out the short sea-
son, even at much reduced rates. The
Lake is, at Caldwell, the southern end,
connected by I'ail with Albany, onl}-
about 50 miles distant. At the north-
ern end, it is also connected by rail
with the main line of the Delaware &
Hudson railroad — the direct route be-
tween Albany and Montreal. Two
large steamers ply on the Lake during
the season.

Should the meeting be held here, it
will not only draw a large attendance
from Vermont, Massachusetts and
New York, but also from Maine and
from Eastern Canada many would
come. During the season of summer
travel, excursion round-trip tickets are
sold from all the principal points to
this summer resort.

Should it be decided to hold the
meeting east of Buffalo, I think that no
more "drawing" place could be
chosen, partly from its natural attrac-
tions, partly from its convenience of
access, and partly from the very nov-
elty of the idea of holding a bee-keep-
ers' convention at such a place. Come
to this "Como" of America, and we
will do our humble best to afford an
enjoyable time to all.

Larrabee's Point, Vt.

MARKETING.

Importance of Having Honey in
Good Condition.

Written for the American DeeJijumal

BY J. W. TEFFT.

Honey, if placed on the market only
half cured, and unripe, or in soiled
sections, in crates and jars, pails, cans
or paste-board boxes, generally spoils
the market for weeks thereafter.
People buy such honey because it looks
passably well, and try it, then pro-
nounce it unfit to eat, which is the truth,
and they cannot be induced to buy
again for sometime. Wait, therefore,
as a matter of policy, as well as prin-
ciple, until after you are sure there is
no leaky or soiled packages, and sec-
tions well cleaned of propolis, and
you are really sure the honey is ripe
and fit to eat. Follow this rule im-
plicitly with late fall honey also, then
whoever buys of you will buy again,
and the whole family will be eager for
more and more, as the season ad-
vances, and the consumption will be
greatly increased, and prices main-
tained.

This is a substantial gain, for all
ripe honey, ripened by the bees, will
weigh more than unripe honey, and is
less likely to shrink and shrivel or sour,
as unripened honey taken from the
bees only a day or two after begins to
present a watery, sickly appearance.

It may truthfully be asserted that,
as a general rule, unripe honey is the
principal cause of the gluts in the
market. There is no excuse for ship-
ping soiled, unripe honey at the open-
ing of the season, or any time there-
after ; with proper distribution of ship-
ping, and by shipping in reasonable
amounts, no market glut can long
continue, if the honey is of good
quality.

Gathering honey should always be
done on a warm, dry day, and the
packing-trays kept clean, neat and
dry — they should not be allowed out-
side the packing-house, or other shel-
ter. If the honey is being gathered
for table use, too much care cannot be
exercised in removing the propolis, and
handling the sections so as not to
break the cappings, or mar them in
packing, taking all imperfect sections
to sell as second grade.

The same constant care is requisite
in order that they may go into ship-
ping-crates as nearl}' perfect as pos-
sible, and reach the consumer in the
very best condition and order. Good,
ripe honey in clean crates will ex-
clude all unripe or soiled honey. In-
ferior honey should be packed and
shipped as second grade.

We are aware that this year's crop
of honey was small, and should com-
mand a high price, provided that the
honey is ripe, and of good average
quality, being properly gathered and
packed ; then sending none but ripe
honey to market, and not being in a
hurry to rush all to the front as soon
as fit to ship, the honey-producer who
has any surplus honey, will gather a
harvest from the bees this year.

Buftalo, N. Y.

ORANGE-BLOOM.

Honey Secured from Orange-
Blo§§oni8 in Florida.

Written Jor the American Bee Journal

BY SI. D. FISHER.

I notice on page 644, au article on
•■orange-blossom honej-." I wish, by
way of emphasis, to add to the testi-
mony of Mr. Crutcher, in reference to
the possibility of obtaining exclusive
orange honey. I have extracted it
when it was being brought in in such
abundance, that with equal propriety
one might ask whether linden or white
clover ever secretes nectar in quanti-
ties sufficient for identification.

As to quality, to my sense of taste
the flavor of this honey is . as superior
to any other, as to my sense of smell.
The aroma of the orange-blossoms is
superior to that of all others — an
aroma so dense and penetrating that
the bees from remotest regions are
apprised of these • • El Doradoes " of
bloom — the orange-groves.

Orange and palmetto are the princi-
pal sources from which nectar is ob-
tained in locations away from the
coast, but on the Atlantic coast the
mango tree furnishes honey in such
abundance, that apiculture is made an
exclusive avocation, vying with orange-
growing, and truck-gardening as a
means of profit.

In reference to Florida as a bee-
keeping State, my advice would be,
consider before exchanging a latitude
where all vegetation has a period of
dormancy, for a land of continual
bloom. To the novice, this advice
would seem ridiculous, but, to Mr.
Crutcher, doubtless my meaning is
apparent.

Perhaps Mr. Crutcher, or some other
apiculturist will give the readers of
the Bee Journal some information
on this subject : What is the effect of
the energies of the queen, and the
general condition of the colony, when
small quantities of honey are being
continually brought in, as is the case
in Florida after • the orange and
palmetto yield ?

Allen's Hill, N. Y.

696

TH© SMEKICMIf ®BB J@^KI«S:iL.

BEES AND FRUIT.

The Fertilization of Plants by
Bees.

Report of U.S.Departmenit of Agriculture

BY SAMUEL CDSHMAN.

We do not hesitate to claim tliat the
honey and wax crop is not the most
valuable result of bee-keeping, but that
the principal value of bees to man is
their work of carrying jiollen from
flower to flower.

That they do this is generally over-
looked, or the fact when known is
undervalued.

Naturalists tell us that honey is Na-
ture's bait by which bees are induced to
take and distribute the fertilizing ma-
terial. While pollen is distributed
among certain blossoms by both in-
sects and the wind, others are so
shaped as to be wholly dependent up-
on the visits of bees.

" The bee takes to give honey but a
fraction of her labors. Man has timely
help that he knows not of."

INSECTS AND PLANT FERTILIZATION.

(Introduction by the editor of the
American Agriculturist, to six articles
on the above subject, which com-
menced in that publication, May ISGb.)

'•The part played by insects in the
fertilization of flowers, i. e., in the
carrying of the pollen, or fertilizing
dust from the anther which produces
it to the stigma or that part of the
pistil designed to receive it, is a sub-
ject now receiving much attention at
the hands of naturalists.

'■It not onlyaSbrds an interesting
study to the curious observer, but the
fact itself is of importance to the culti-
vator, as some of our products depend
upon the aid of insects for their per-
fection, and probably the fruitfulnesa of
many of them is largely influenced by
the abundance or scarcity of bees and
other honey and jmllcn seekers. Prof.
Gray, of Harvard University, the dis-
tinguished botanist, has consented to
give us, in a series of articles, his ob-
servation upon the relation of insects
to plants."

We quote from Prof. Gray's articles:

" This sweet matter which flowers
so generously produce is, so far as we
know, of no direct use to the plant.
That insects, in visiting flowers for
honey, accidentally or incidentally aid
in fertilization, by carrying pollen
from anther to stigma, is familiarly
understood,"

"We cannot resist the conclusion
that the aid of insects is. so to say.
counted upon, that the blossoms are
furnished with lioney in order that
they may attract insects."

"Why should insects be called in to
do that which, by a little diflferent ar-

rangement, would be done by the
flower itself ?"

• ' The key to the solution of the rid-
dle he (Charles Darwin) found in the
principle, recognized by breeders, that
close breeding tended to sterility and
debility, while cross breeding among
difierent individuals of the same
species avoids this tendency."

" A bee cannot take the honey from
an Iris flower without carrying oft' on
its rough head some pollen from the
anthers it must rub against. It can-
not well take the honey from the next
flower of the sort it flies to without
depositing some of this pollen on the
stigma as it seeks its feeding place."
Speaking of orchids, he says: "To
cross the flower of the species is plainly
the object of the whole contrivance,
and an admirable contrivance it is, bj'
which winged insects are solicited to
do the work for sedentary flowers.

" Most of our common, brightly col-
ored blossoms, and manj- that are not
at all showy, plainly reveal on inspec-
tion their adaptation to cross fertiliza-
tion by the aid of insects."

"We need not multiply examples.
Every garden and every field ofi'ers
equally good examples — lessons which
anybody may read and understand if
he will only open his eyes."

"Are all flowers then, it may be
asked, aided by insects in the essential
business of forming seeds ? By no
means. In many eases the transport of
pollen is left to the winds. Such flowers
produce no honej-, nor anything at-
tractive to insects, and such flowers,
we may add, have no showy corolla.
So we may conclude that corollas, or
bright colors in any part of the blos-
som, and also fragrance, are given to
plants in order that they may attract
insects, and be aided by them ; an aid
which many of them are absolutely
dependent on."

"Pines, spruces and the like, are
left to the wind to fertilize."

"Grasses and grains also depend
upon the wind, and have accoi-dingly
a vast excess of pollen."

"No plant is known in which at
least an occasional cross-breeding is
not provided for.". . , , "The pollen is
powerless, or nearly so, upon the
stigma of the same flower, but is effi-
cient upon the stigma of neighboring
flowers ; and that breeding in and in,
which seemed unavoidable from the
structure of the blossom, is here pre-
vented only by the difi"erentiation of
the pollen and stigma."

The following is from Silliman's
Journal. 1862 : ' • We all know how
essential plants, and especially their
flowers, are to the existence of the
multitudinous swarms and tribes of
insects, but it is hardly understood
that tlie benefit is reciprocal — that in

the long run, insects are also essential
to the continued existence of many, if
not of most species." — Prof. Asa Qray.

" In by far the greater number of
flowering plants we find both the male
and female element in the same flower,
or, in other words, such plants are
hermaphrodites. One would naturally
suppose that there could be but one
object in thus placing the sexual ele-
ments in such immediate juxtaposition,
namely, that each pistil might be fer-
tilized by its own pollen or male ele-
ment. Late researches have, how-
ever, made it evident that often among
plants, the nuptials cannot be cele-
brated without the intervention of a
third part}', to act as a marriage priest;
and tliat the oflice of this third party
is to unite the representatives of dif-
ferent households. To be specific,
seed capsules are most productive
when their ovules are fertilized by pol-
len from another plant or flower of
the same plant. Breeding in and in
can by absolute experiment, be proven
to produce a degenerate oft'spring in
the vegetable kingdom no less than in
the human race. Now the marriage
priests who officiate are insects in
search of honey, the winds, or any-
thing which by accident or design
may carry the pollen from one flower
to another." — J. F. Rothbeck, American
Naturalist. 1868.

"Mr. Charles Darwin and other
botanists have proved beyond a doubt,
that some flowers, in which pollen
may easily gain access to the stigma of
the same flower, are sterile unless fer-
tilized by pollen borne from other
flowers, while many are much more
productive by a cross fertilization.

"Bees ai'e willing agents here, as In
other instances, alighting first on the
stigma of the oldest flowers, which are
farthest down the stem, and then
passing up to others which are younger.
Besides collecting nectar at the bottom
of the flower, they collect the pollen
by scraping the style upon each side
with their legs, and wheu calling at
the next flower, first strike the ex-
posed stigma, leaving a few little mor-
sels as tribute for the bountiful sup-
ply."— W. J. Beal. on ''Agency of In-
sects in Fertilizing Plants, " American
Naturalist. 1868.

' ' THE GREAT IMPROVEMENT OF THE
STRAWBERRY

has been brought about by cross-ferti-
lization and selection of the best of
each kind. Nature apparently is not
willing to develop a luscious receptacle
or berry unless she in turn can use it
as a i-esting place for seeds." — Minne-
sota Experiment Station Bulletin.

• ' Orchards in which bee-hives are
placed bear heavier crops than those
not thus favoi-ed. Bees are in Europe

TTH® JKMBRICJKFf mBM JQUmMSLI^,

697

profitabl}' introduced into peach
houses in order to efl'eetthe pollination
of the flowers." — PackartTs Entomology
for Seginners.

At one time, we are informed, a
person living in Pawtucket. attempted
to grow strawberries under glass. He
raised plent_y of vines and blossoms,
but they produced no fruit. Some
one who knew, told him why, and
when bees were procured the blossoms
matured and produced fruit.

It is said that if strawberry blossoms
are covered with line muslin they drop
oft" instead of maturing, but if fertilized
artificially by hand they mature. Some
of the best bearing varieties of straw-
berries on Ij- produce female blossoms
or pistils, the Crescent Seedling being
an example, therefore growers of this
fruit have one row in every seven of a
, kind having an abundance of pollen,
and that blossoms at the same time.

"WHEN RED CLOVER WAS FIRST BROUGHT
INTO AUSTRALIA,

although fine crops were raised, with
plenty of blossoms, no seed could be
secured. At last some one sent to
England for '■ bumble-bees."

They were procured in winter, while
dormant, by Mr. Abbott, a prominent
English bee-keeper ; were sent in that
condition, and successfully introduced.
As soon as they became plenty there
was no further trouble in securing a
full crop of seed.

Honey-bees work on second crop in
this country at times.

Prof. Lucas, a celebrated pomologist
in Germany, says : "A careful and
observant bee-keeper at Potsdam
writes to me that his trees yield de-
cidedly larger crops since he has es-
tablished an apiary in his orchard, and
the annual product is now more cer-
tain and regular than before, though
his trees had alway.s received due at-
tention."— American Bee \Tournal.

FERTILIZATION OP APPLE-BLOSSOMS.

Frank Cheshire sajs that in each
apple matured, five fertilizations have
been necessary. If none are effected,
the calyx which forms the flesh of the
fruit, instead of swelling, dies and
soon drops. If some parts are ferti-
lized those parts only develop, making
a deformed fruit, and it rarely hangs
long enough to ripen ; becomes a wind-
fall ; also that gooseberries are abso-
lutely dependent upon insects for fer-
tilization, and the failure of this crop
is not so uniformly the result of frost
as some suppose, but from cold weather
at the critical time, preventing the
visits of bees. He believes the pres-
ent development of the perfume, nec-
tar secretion, size, and beauty of
flowers are the results of repeated in-
sect selection.

IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OP CROSS-FERTILI-
ZATION ON THE FRUIT.

Not only do the highest authorities
claim that insects are of the ^utmost
importance for the fertilization of
many fruits, seeds and vegetables, but
that the fruit is in many cases imme-
diately affected favorably or unfavor-
ably according to the source of the
pollen, thus guiding whatever feeds
upon the fruit to select that having the
seed best fitted for propagation.

'• Among strawberry growers it is
widely believed that the berries of
pistillate varieties will vary in charac-
ter according to the staminate variety
which furnishes the pollen. As many
of the best varieties of strawberries are
pistillate, and require to be fertilized
by some perfect flowered variety, it
becomes important to know with cer-
tainty whether such influence exists or
not." — A. A. Grague, U. S. Agricultural
Report.

Chas. Darwin. Dr. Gray, D. M.
Ferry and others admit the possibility
of this. Others believe that the more
plenty the pollen the greater this in-
fluence.

"I have always thought that the
more abundant the pollen, and con-
sequently more perfect pollinization
aflbrded by some varieties, had as
much to do with the result as any true
effect of the cross fertilization." — F. S.
Earle. U. S. Agricultural Beport.

"We know it is claimed by some
that peas and beans are self-fertilized,
but we have learned that they are not
always so. to our cost.

■ ■ A shower of rain washes awaj the
pollen, and our apple crop fails in
consequence. The young fruit does

not swell, but shrinks and falls."

• It is believed that the pollen aftects

the tissue of the fruit itself."

•Where then shall we limit the ac-
tion of the fertilizing element of the
pollen ? I am inclined to believe that
it really has no limit, but that it is
capable of extending through the
whole plant." — D. M. Ferry. Detroit,
Mich., U. S. Agricultural Repiort.

As Cheshire expresses it. bees are
not only florists, but fruit producers,
and the nectar and pollen is simply
the fee paid for the professional service
of the little inoculator.

Bumble-bees, wasps, butterflies and
many other insects .by day, as well as
moths and the various insects of the
night, do much of this work. They,
however, must take their chances of
surviving winter's cold or summer's
wet, or drouth with its scarcity, and
may be terribly thinned out in conse-
quence.

Honey-bees, which are doubly man's
friend, maj^ by him be fed and pro-
tected as well as bred in any quantity.

wherever the}- may be

and taken
needed.

Tliey seem to best suited to the
flowers of our most imj^ortant crops
needing insect help.

■In Herman Muller's celebrated
work (German). -Fertilization of Flow-
ers by Insects,' there is a full descrip-
tion of 338 species of plants that are
proved, by careful observation of manv
years, to be visited and fertilized by
insects. This is about one-fifth of all
the plants flowering in the open coun-
try in Germany. The honey-bee alona
visits 194 species, being half the num-
ber of plants examined." — British Bee
Jotirnal.

UO BEES INJURE FRUIT ?

Prof. Riley, speaking of the many-
insects injurious to vegetation, and the
few that are beneficial, says, -The
ability to distinguish between friend
and foe is of the first importance in
coping with the latter, for it is a no-
torious fact that the farmer often does
more harm than good by destroying
the former, in his blind efforts to save
his crops." — •■ General trtilhs in app)lied
Entomology,'" U. S. Agricultural Report,
1884.

He says in a later Report. 1885.
•-Apiculture as an important branch
of economic entomology, deserves at-
tention, and there are some questions
which this department can. perhaps,
better consider than private individ-
uals or associations. Mr. Nelson W.
McLain was, therefore, appointed as
special apicultural agent of the divi-
son," June 1. 1885.

One of the various subjects given for
investigation was, "To obtain uncon-
testible results by intelligent experi-
ment on scientific methods, as to the
capacity of bees under exceptional
circumstances to injure fruit, i. e., to
set at rest the ever discussed question
of bees I's. fruit." As to results of
these investigations, he says. 'The
experiments show conclusively that
bees do not injure fruit at first hand,
and this fact is in keeping with the
structure of the mandibles as com-
pared with those of wasps which are
generally charged with the real in-
jui-y." — C. T'. Riley in Report of the
Eyitomologist. U. S. Agricultural Report,
1886, page 211, 212.

Hives of bees were confined to a
bee-proof building, made so by en-
closing its open sides with wire-cloth.
Plates of grapes, peaches, pears and
plums, varying from green to dead
ripe, were placed on shelves in this
enclosure. The bees were then de-
prived of stores, and left with the ex-
posed fruit as their only relief from
hunger, thirst and starvation. We ex-
tract the following from Prof. McLain's
Report, page 337, 1885.

698

Tmm mm^mmiGmn mmm j@>JsmMmi^.

■•They daily visited the fruit in
great numbers, and labored diligently
to improve the only remaining source
of subsistence. They inspected and
took what advantage they could of
every opening at the stem or crack in
the epidermis or puncture made by
insects which deposit their eggs in the
skin of grapes. They regarded the
epidermis of the peaches, pears, plums
and other fruits having a thick cover-
ing simplj- as subjects for inquiry and
investigation, and not objects for at-
tack.

If the grape-skin be broken or re-
moved, they will, in the ease of need,
lap and suck the juices exposed. The
same was also true of the grapes, if
the skin was broken by violence or
burst on account of the fruit becoming
over-ripe ; the bees lapped and sucked
the juices from the exposed parts of
grapes and stored it in cells for food.
They made no attempt to grasp the
cuticle of grapes with their mandibles,
or with their claws. If the grapes
were cut open or burst from over-
ripeness, the bees would lap and suck
the juices from the exposed segments
of the grape until they came to the film
separating the exposed and broken
segments from the unbroken segments.
Through and beyond the film separat-
ing the segments they appear to be
unable to penetrate. I removed the
outer skin from many grapes of dift'or-
ent kinds, taking care not to rupture
the film surrounding the pulp. When
these were exposed to the bees, they
continued to lap and suck the juices
from the outer film until it was dry
and smooth as was the film between
broken and unbroken segments. They
showed no disposition to use their jaws
or claws, and the outer film as well as
the film between broken segments re-
mained whole until the pulp decaj'ed
and dried up."

" After cbntinuing the test for thirty
days we sent to Michigan for varieties
not obtainable here," another colony
of Italian bees were added to the rest,
and twenty varieties of grapes being
exposed upon plates and suspended
from the rafters. "The conditions
naturally prevalent during a severe
and protracted drouth were again pro-
duced, and the test again continued
for 25 days." 'The bees showed no
more capacity or disposition to ofter
violence to one variety of grapes than
another. No more attention was given
the thin skinned varieties than the
thick skinned. As long as the skin
remained whole they did not harm the
gi'apes. When the skins were broken
by violence, such as by cutting or
squeezing, the juices exposed were
appropriated.

The extent of damage the bees could
do to grapes which burst from over-

ripeness, depended on the extent of
the rupture in the film surrounding the
pulp. A wide rupture may be made
in the epidermis, or it may be removed,
and if the film is unbroken the pulp
remains whole. The film seldom
bursts until the grape is about to de-
cay, or has begun to decay, and then
the grape is of little value."

Page 338. "Many erroneously sup-
pose that bees sting the grapes. Bees
never sting except in self-defense, or
in defense of their homes from real or
imaginary danger."

• • The evidence then shows that bees
do not injure perfect fruit. We have
observed that they give no attention
to the puncture and blight caused bj'
the ovipositing of other insects, until
after the larva is hatched and decay
has set in, and then only in cases of
extremity.

■ The circumstances under which bees
appear to be able to injure grapes are
very exceptional. That they will not
molest or even visit grapes when it is
possible to secure forage elsewhere is
certain. It also appears certain that
they never attempt violence to the
skin of grapes. The capacity of bees
to injure over-ripe grapes is limited
bj- the extent to which the juice and
pulp are exposed by the bursting of
the film. If the film is only slightly
bursted the bees can do but little in-
jury. If the progress of decay has
caused a wide rupture in the film, the
bees more readily appropriate the
juice."

• • Mr. Richard Rees, a florist and
horticulturist of many years experience
in the Eastern and Western States, in-
forms me that he has very carefully
observed the • eflect of bees upon
flowei-s and fruits in the orchard, gar-
den and greenhouse. He regards their
presence as whollj* desirable and alto-
gether beneficial. During a term of
four years he had charge of a large
conservatory and garden in this citj'.
At times he had as many as fourteen
different varieties of exotic grapes in
bearing in the conservatory, and from
two to three tons of ripe grapes hang-
ing on the vines at once. A large api-
ary was located near by, and late in
the fall and early in the spring the
flowers and fruits in the conservatory
were visited by the bees in great num-
bers. The grapes were unmolested,
and the bees aided in fertilizing the
flowers.

' ■ He says that he has had large ex-
perience in grape growing in vine-
yards, and that he has never known
any damage or loss from bees, and
that when grapes are burst from over-
ripeness, or decayed and blighted by
the hatching of insect larvre, to such
an extent that bees can appropriate the
juices, they are of little, if any value.

He has never kept any bees, but he
regards them as being of great service
to floriculturists and horticulturists on
account of the service rendered in fer-
tilizing blossoms." — Prof. McLairi's Se-
2>ort, jjage 339.

{Concluded next week.)

STATISTICS.

The Kind Which are Incorrect
and niileading.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY H. G. BURNET.

The following is from the "Report
of the Statistician." in the report of
the Secretary of Agriculture for 1889,
page 251. I would like to call atten-
tion to the last paragraph. Will not
this be taken as a confirmation of the
Wiley lie, which is the basis of so
many newspaper articles derogatory
to our pursuit ? Please ventilate the
matter.

Alva, Fla.

Here is the Statistical Report which
Mr. Burnet refers to :

Bee-Keeping. — Among the minor
branches of rural industry bee-keeping
is one of the most important, though
its prominence is not generally recog-
nized, from the fact that it is almost
everywhere carried on as an incident
of general agriculture, and but rarely
as a leading rural occupation.

Every State and Territory reports
bees, and more or less honey, usually
a hive or a few colonies for each
farmer rather than extensive apiaries
and large production.

In some localities, as in portions of
New York, Ohio. Tennessee, and Cali-
fornia, where existing conditions are
particularly favorable, apiculture is
more prominent, dominating otlier in-
dustries perhaps in a neighborhood,
though very rarely the leading branch
of agriculture over any considerable
area.

The value of the annual product of
honey and wax is not generally rea-
lized ; they are produced more or less
extensively in every section of the
country, and the aggregate value is
large, much larger than that of other
crops of which more notice is usually
taken. It almost equals the total
value of the rice or the hop crop, falls
but little short of the buckwheat pro-
duct, exceeds the value of our cane
molasses, and of both maple syrup
and sugar. It largely exceeds the
aggregate value of all our vegetable
fibers excepting cotton, and 1879 was
I half as large as tlie wine product of
1 the year.

T'mm JEMEitiC'SK @s^ j&^mnmi^.

699

The latest official record of produc-
tion by States is the return of the
national census for the year 1879. It
made the honey production 25.743.208
pounds, and wax 1.105,689 pounds.
After careful study of all available
data of local values and market prices,
the average farm value of the honey
was estimated at 22 cents per pound,
and the wax at 33 cents, making the
aggregate value of apiarian products
at the place of production, 16,028,383.
The product of the principal States in
that year was as follows :

STATES. HONEi'.

Lbs,

Tennessee 2,130,689.

New York 2,088,845.

Ohio 1,62H,847.

North Carolina.... 1,591,590.

Kentucky 1,500,565.

Pennsylvania 1,415,093.

lUinois 1,310,806.

Iowa 1,310,138.

Virginia 1,090,451.

All other 11,678,184.

WAX.
Lbs.
86,431
■79,756
56,333

126,286
46,912
46,610
45,640
39,565
53,200

524,984

Total 25,743,208 1,105,689

Under the head of •all other," in
the above statement, there is grouped
the production of 36 States and Ter-
ritories, ranging from 1.056.034
pounds of honey in Georgia to 50
pounds in Idaho.

The census of 1870 was defective in
its returns of product for many crops,
and its record of honey and wax in
1869 is undoubtedly much too low. It
made the honey product only 14,702,-
815 pounds, too low in the aggregate,
though the falling ofl' in all States in-
dicates that it was a year of short pro-
duction. Illinois was the leading
State, with a crop of 1.500.000 pounds,
while North Carolina stood second.

The returns in 1860 were more satis-
factory, and they show that the product
of 1859 was but slightly exceeded by
the crop of 1879, after 20 years of
growth. The production of wax was
actually greater. Many States show
a product greater than that of 1879,
and the aggregates of 23,366,357
pounds of honey and 1,322,787 pounds
of wax indicate that there has been a
comparative decline of the industry,
the increase of population being taken
into consideration.

The nine States given in the preced-
ing table as those of principal produc-
tion in 1879, produced 14,000,000
pounds ; the same States 20 years
earlier had a record of 13,900.000
pounds. With our rapid annual in-
crease of population, to stand still in
aggregate production is to retrograde.
A more striking way of showing the
decline in the industry is by a study
of the comparative supply of the pro-
duct at widely separated periods.

Our foreign trade in honey has
never been large, and the balance has

fluctuated. During five j'cars past our
average annual exportation has been
valued at only |,82,489, and importa-
tion at 152,891, making the value of
the net exportation only !f;29,598. This
little exportation goes principally to
the United Kingdom, France and Ger-
many, while our foreign purchases
come mainly from the West Indies and
Mexico. The balance of trade is too
small to effect the supply, and our
domestic consumption is satisfied with
our home production.

In 1859 our production was 23.366.-
357 jjounds. and our net importation
not far from 3 000,000 pounds, making
the supply available for consumption
that year approximate 26.000.000
pounds. On the basis of the popula-
tion June 30, 1860, this was a jier
capita supply of eight-tenths of a
pound.

Twenty years later, when tremen-
dous advances had been made in al-
most every branch of industry, the
production of honey only amounted to
25,743,208 pounds, and the official
records actually show a net exporta-
tion of honey, or something shipped
as honey, amounting to about 570.000
pounds, making the net supply avail-
able about 25.000,000 pounds, or a
million pounds less than at the first
period. The supply per head was less
than five-tenths of a pound. During the
same period the per capita consump-
tion of sugar and other sweets in-
creased. Wealth and the ability to
gratify taste for luxuries are greater,
and yet the data seem to show a re-
duced consumption of this luxurious
sweet.

So anomalous does this appear that
some explanation must be found. If
the supply per individual unit had
been the same in the last period as the
first, it would have required a product
of 40,000,000 pounds. What has taken
the place of honey in domestic con-
sumption ? Does the enormous in-
crease in the manufacture of glucose
and other saccharine adulterants indi-
cate that a fraudulent article makes
up the remainder of the needed sup-
ply- ? Did our people in 1879 consume
15.000.000 pounds of substitutes in the
belief that they had the genuine pro-
duct of the hive ? Such would be a
reasonable explanation of the com-
parative decline in bee-keeping.

[The Statistical Table referred to
from the Census Report of 1880. is
manifestly incorrect. One simple item
will show its error so palpably th.at no
further words will be necessary. Cali-
fornia's honey crop is the largest of
any State, and yet in the Census Table
it is credited with only about one-half
as much as Arkansas, one of the States

producing but comparatively a small
amount of honey !

It also gives North Carolina credit
for IjO per cent, more than Michigan,
and more tlian Illinois or Iowa ! Such
•■statistics" are very misleading, to
say the least.

Our estimate, based upon statistics
gathered by us some years ago, is that
there are 300,000 bee-keepers in the
United States and Canada, and the
average annual product is one hundred
millions of pounds of honey. Our
Tabulated Statement by States may be
found on page 320, of the Bee Jour-
nal for 1881.

It is a notorious fact that the statis-
tics given in the Census of 1880 are
utterly unreliable ! This was admitted
by Col. C. D. Wright, Chief of the
Bureau of Labor Statistics at Washing-
ton, who was one of the principal per-
sons who directed the formulating of
the Census of that yeai".

In an address delivered before the
Social Science Association at Saratoga.
N. Y., in 1887, Col. Wright reviewed
the whole Census matter, and pointed
out its shortcomings, and then said :

These two questions — capital in-
vested and average wages — as an-
swered by the Census, illustrate the
fallacy of attempting to solve a cer-
tain line of economic questions through
the Census as it has existed. In mak-
ing this criticism, let it be understood
that I arraign myself as severely as
any one else ; for within a few years I
have followed, in all the Census work
in which I have been engaged, the old
form ; nor did 1 fully comprehend the
enormity of the error, and the infinite
harm it has done, and is likely to do.

With this admission by Col. Wright,
of the unreliability of the Census Re-
port, we are surpi'ised that the Sta-
tistician, Mr. J. R. Dodge, should at-
tempt to make it prove that the indus-
try of apiculture was declining.

Upon one erroneous conclusion he
bases another argument, viz : that be-
cause of the decreased honey-produc-
tion, 'the people have been annually
•consuming fifteen millions of pounds
of substitutes, in the belief that they
had the genuine product of the hive."

By intimation, the Statistician en-
dorses the Wiley lie about manufac
tured comb honey, years after it has

700

XHB mvi^mmi^MM bb® jQ-JsmMmi*.

«»^»^*^>^«^

fcA^AJfcAJ

been exploded and acknowledged to
be a falsehood, by its author !

No, sir ; j-our conclusions are as
erroneous as your premises ! The pro-
duction of honey, instead of being onlj'
twenty-five luillious of pounds — is over
one hundred niillious — four times as
much ! Its increase has kept pace with
other products ! Audit is the 'pure
product of the hive, " too !

It is too bad that such incorrect and
damaging statements and arguments
should be published by those who
ought to know better ; and going out
under the endorsement of the Govern-
ment, they not onlj' deceive those not
posted, but also form the basis for
other falsehoods. — Ed.]

CONVENTION DIRECTORY.

1890. Time and place of meeting.

Oct. 18.— yorkS Cumberland. at Goodman's MilLs. Me
C. W. Costellow. Sec, Waterboro, Maine.

Oct. 22, 23.— Missoari State, at Mexico, Mo.

J. W. Rouse, Sec Mexico, Mo.

Oct. 29-31.— International American, at Keokulc, la.
C. P. Dadant, Sec. Hamilton, Ills.

Oct. 30.— Turkey Hill, at Wilderman's Sta.. Ills.

A. Feiir, Sec, Belleville, Ills.
1891.
Jan. 1.— Michigan State, at Detroit, Mich.

U. D. Cutting. Sec, Clinton, Mich.

May 7.— Susquehanna County, at Montrose, Pa.

H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harlord, Pa.

■ In order to have this table complete,

Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — The Editor.

International Bee-Association.

President— Hon. K. h. Taylor.. Lapeer. Mich.
Secretary— C. P. Daduut Hamilton, Ills.

ITatioual Bee-Keepers' Union.

PREsrDENT— James Heddon ..Dowagiac, Mich.
Sec'y and Manager— T. G. Newman, Chicago.

Heavy Fall Crop— Foul Urood.

I have had no trouble whatever with my
friends down in the swamps, though I
heard a good many threats. I tried to
compromise with them, but they would not
listen to me, so I have .just let them alone,
and everything is quiet since the bees
water in other places. I moved 96 hives
there, and I believe that my crop of
Spanish-needle, golden-rod, heart's-ease
and asters from those 96 colonies will be
over 5,000 pounds of extracted honey ;
even on the hills the fall crop is heavy. I
think that my fall crop will amount to
from 7,000 to 10,000 pounds, and I ob-
tained about 5,000 pounds of surplus
clover honey.

Now, as to foul brood : I do not believe
that my bees ever had the foul brood, or
Mr. Hambaugh's either ; though a year ago
I was so sure of it that I burned up three

hives, combs, bees, and all. I am not cer-
tain, but I think the fault lies in the queen.
I noticed the same condition of things in
three or four hives this spring— some of
them I just let alone, only kept the en-
trance controlled, and was very careful
about handling them to prevent spreading
it. It answered the description of foul
brood to the dot, except there was no
stench about it, and from two or three to a
dozen of dead brood to a comb. It has dis-
appeared altogether. This may explain
how it was that some people have succeed-
ed in curing foul brood with phenol or
carbolic acid, or salicylic acid, etc. I do
not suppose that their bees had the genuine
foul brood, for I am satisfied that I never
have seen the genuine foul brood. I have
about aSO of as fine colonies as can be
found anywhere— healthy, full of bees,
brood and honey ; I have never felt more
encouraged to stick to the bee business
than this fall. The bees have worked
heavy on golden-rod for nearly a month,
and are at it yet very strong.

A. N. Draper.
Upper Alton, Ills., Sept. 25, 1890.

Fall Honey irom Golden-Rotl.

Bees are just rolling in the honey from
golden rod — the hives are just chock-full. I
have had Carniolan bees for three years,
and find the Italian bees the best of all.
John W. Rider.

Roseville, O., Oct. 6, 1890.

Larce Fall 4Jro]> of Honey.

We have had the finest honey seeson this
fall (from Sept. 15 to Oct. 1) that I ever
saw— principally from golden rod. Bees
are strong in numbers, and rich in stores.
They are surely in as good condition as
bees could be for winter. J. A. Weeks.

Young's Creek, Ind., Oct. 6, 1890.

Sneeze-tVeed and Aster.

I send two plants of which I would like
you to please give the name. No. 1 grows
in great abundance here in the Mississippi
bottoms, begins blooming about the first
week in August, and bees work on it all
through the day ; its honey is yellow and
slightly bitter. No. 2 began blooming
about Sept. 10, and bees work on it con-
stantly ; it yields a thick, yellow honey of
fine flavor, and grows also in the bottoms,
but not so plentiful as No. 1.

W. 3. CULLINAN.

Quincy, Ills., Sept. 17, 1890.

[No. 1 is sneeze- weed (Helenixim au-
tumnale) . It has a large yellow blossom.

No. 2 is Aster cUffusus, and has a small,
white blossom. — C. M. Weed.]

When and Hom^ to Plant ITlelissa.

In reply to the question asked by Mr. W.
M. Crutcher, of Zellwood, Fla., on page
644, as to the time and manner of planting
melissa, I submit the following :

1 sow the seed late in the fall, just before
the ground freezes, or as early in the spring
as the soil is fit to work. To obtain the
best results, however, the plants should be
cultivated, but I usually scatter the seeds
iu waste-places, and also on leased ground.
In this locality I have found it profitable,
as I have honey -producing plants in the
interim between clover and fall flowers.
By sowing at intervals, I have plants in
bloom from July 10 until they are killed
by frost. A. C. Tyrrel.

Madison, Nebr., Oct. 3, 1890.

Tlie HaTenport. loM-a, Fair.

It has been eleven years since I was in the
bee-business, but there is yet an old love
for honey, if not for the honey-bee. ' In
attending the Davenport Fair, my atten-
tion was arrested by a large and beautiful
display of honey and bees, by D. D. Ham-
mond, of Malone, Iowa, and Wm. Kimble,
of De Witt, Iowa. There was 3,000 pounds
of extracted and comb honey. The ex-
tracted was in glass pails, and the comb
was in one-pound sections. At the top of
all was "FAIR, 1S89," built of comb
honey. The bees were in one-comb hives,
with glass on either side. There were
black, German, Cyprian, Syrian, Carnio-
lan, hybrid and Minorcan bees, making a
fine display. Dr. Palmer.

Davenport, Iowa.

Bee-KeepinsT on tiie <j!ult.

I would like to inquire of any bee-keeper
in Southwest Texas (in the vicinity of
Corpus Cristi or Rockport, on the Gulf),
whether it is a good location for successful
honey-production. I desire the informa-
tion, as I think of locating near Corpus
Cristi, and it will depend very much
whether the country will be suitable for
honey production. C. M. Davis.

318 Rusk St., Denison, Texas.

[If any of our Texas readers can and
will answer this question, they will do Mr.
Davis a favor. — Ed. I

WortU Twenty Uollars a Tear.

This has been the poorest season for
honey since I have kept bees. I had 8 col-
onies of bees, spring count, in box-hives,
lost 3 swarms, and have 10 colonies, fall
count. I obtained 40 pounds of honey from
the colonies in box-hives, and 300 pounds
in one-pound sections from 5 colonies. If
I had not subscribed for the American Bee
Journal I should not have changed hives.
I have taken the Bee Journal for one year,
and it has been worth .$20 to me since I
subscribed for it.

Waiipun, Wis. Forrest W. Streeter.

■tees Ready tor Winter.

A few frosty nights have practically
closed up the honej-gathering in this
locality. Bees are in much better condi-
tion for wintering now than at this time
last year. Since the middle of August,
bees have obtained a large amount of
honey, and the hives are chock-full of
both bees and winter stores. A good win-
ter for the wintering of bees is looked tor.
My entire apiary is in chaff hives, and will
be left on the summer stands. I have at
this date all the boxes and extracting
frames removed from the hives, ready for
the top-packing, just as soon as the leaves
fall, and the weather gets cooler. A report
as to the amount of honey obtained may
be of some interest in the near future, not-
withstanding I have only obtained a par-
tial crop of honey. J. M. Young.

Plattsmouth, Nebr., Oct. 3, 1890.

Ree-Keeplng: tor Profit, by Dr.

G. L. Tinker, is a new 50-page pamphlet,
which detaUs fully the author's new system
of bee-management iu producing comb and
extracted honey, and the construction of
the hive best adapted to it — his "Nonpareil."
The book can be had at this office for 25
cents.

TH® mmtMmi€:Mn ®ee jQ>wmumi^.

701

BUSINESS MANAGER.

UZZZZSZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZXZZZZZZZZZU

■ Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should notify us at once.

1^" Send us one new subscription, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

J^" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, withname and address printed.
Sample free.

' Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in

Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.

It^" Send us two new subscriptions, with
$2.00, and we will present you with a
" Globe " Bee- Veil for your trouble. (See
the fuller notice in the advertising col-
umns.)

Jt^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

'Please send us the names of yoiir
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

Any of the Political Dollar Weekly

Newspapers will be clubbed with our JouR-
NAi- at $1.85 for the two; or with both our
Home Journal and Bee Journal for 12.25
for all three papers.

J^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write Aiiierioan Bee
Journal on the comer of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

1^" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

" 100 colonies (220 pages) 125

•' 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

J^f" When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

A " Binder " made especially for

the American Bee Journal, and lettered
in gold, makes a very convenient way of
preserving the copies of the Bee Journal
as fast as they are received. We offer it,
postpaid, for 60 cents ; or as a premium for
two new subscriptions, with $2.00. It can-
not be mailed to Canada.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

DENVER, Sept. !.•).— We guole: 1-lhs., first
grade, 16«)).18c. Ik'cswa.v, 20@2.")C.

J. M. CLAKK roM. CO.. 1517 Blake St.

BOSTON, Oof. n.-^Market is strong at 17(®18
cts. for white 1-llis. ; white 2-lbs., 16@17 cents.
Extracted. 7^@8c. No beeswax on hand.
BLAKE & lUPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.

MILWAUKEE, Oct. 11.— Market is in good
condition for hone.v; demand is steady and
good values maiutiiined. while the suppl.vis
fair to meet the current demands. We quote:
Choice white l-lbs., 17®18c. : good white 1-lbs.
16@17c, Dark and old 1-lbs., 10@12c. Ex-
tracted, white in barrels, 8!4@9c.; in kegs or
tin, 9@954c. ; dark, in barrels or kegs, 6(§)7c.—
Beeswax, 26@30c.

A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water st.

CHICAGO, Oct. 11.— Best grades of honey
sell at 17(ill8c. For brown and dark in un-
cleaned sections there is a light demand, the
prices having to be shaded to meet the views
of the few buyers there are for that grade. —
E.xtracted, steady at 7(®8c.— demand is good.
Beeswax, 27@28c.

R. A. BURNETT. 161 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, Oct. 8.— We quote: White 1-
Ibs., 16@18c. ; dark. 12@14e. Receipts are
light. We have received several carloads from
California, of comb and extracted— 1-lbs. we
quote at the same price as native. We quote
white 2-lbs. at lo(SilBc. ; Extra C. and C. at 14
@15c. Extracted. 6@7e. Beeswax, 25c.
CLEMONS, MASON & CO.,

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

CHICAGO, Oct. 11. — New honey arriving
verj^ slowlj', demand active, and all receipts
are taken promptly. We quote: White clover
1-lbs., 16@18c.; 2-lbs., 14@loc.; dark 1-lbs.,
ll@12c; 2-lbs., 9®10e. Extracted meets with
quick sale, values ranging from 6!4®7i4 cts.,
depending upon (juality and style of package.
Beeswax, 28@30c.

S. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, Sept. 11. —Demand for comb
honey is larger than the receipts. We quote:
White 1-lbs., 16o.; 2-lbs., 14c. Dark 1-lbs. 1.3c.;
2-lbs., 12c. Extracted, white, 7c.; dark, o@6c.
No beeswax on the market.

HAMBLIN & BBARSS, 514 Walnut St.

CINCINNATI, Oct. 8.— Demand is good for
all kinds of honey. The supply is lair. We
quote: Choice comb, 14@16c. ; extracted, bV-i
®8c.

Beeswax is in good demand at 24f5'26c., for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH A: SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

CATARRH.

CATARRHAL DEAFNESS-HAY FEVER.
A New Home Treatment.

Sufferers are not generally aware that
these diseases are contagious, or that they
are due to the presence of living parasites
in the lining membrane of the nose and
eustachian tubes. Microscopic research,
however, has proved this to be a fact, and
the result of this discovery is that a simple
remedy has been formulated whereby
catarrh, catarrhal deafness and hay fever
are permanently cured in from one to three
simple applications made at home by the
patient once in two weeks.

N. B. — This treatment is not a snuff or an
ointment; both have been discarded by
reputable physicians as injurious. A
pamphlet explaining this new treatment is
sent free on receipt of stamp to pay pos-
tage, by A. H. Dixon & Son, 337 and 339
West King Street, Toronto, Canada. —
Christian Advocate.

Sufferers from Catarrhal troubles should
carefully read the above.
50E26t Iraly.

CIii1>s of 5 New Subscriptions for $4.00,
to any addresses. Ten for $7.50.

Xlie "Farin-PoHllry"' is a 20-pag©
monthly, pulilished in Boston at 50 cents
per year. It is issued with a colored cover
and is finely illustrated throughout.

We have arranged to club the American
Bee Journal with the Farm-Poultry at
$1.35 per year for the two. Or with the
Illustrated Home Journal at $1.75 for
the three.

AitVnt Strawberry Culture is

the name of a neat pamphlet of 150 pages,
by Messrs. T, B. Terry and A. I. Root. It
covers the whole subject in an interesting
manner, is nicely illustrated, and is just the
work for those beginning to grow delicious
strawberries. Price, postpaid, 40 cents.
For sale at this office.

Send 25c

42Alt

For my Book of Discovery

and Invention,
The Queen Restrlctor

Address,
C. W. D.\YTO.V, • Clinton, Wis.

For Sale !

25,000 pounds of the
very Finest COmB
HONEY, in scant 1-
Ib. Sections, put up in
white Basswood Cases
holding 12 Sections— glass on one side of the
Cases, showing off the honey nicely. A very
fancy lot. The price is 20 cents per pound
on board the cars here. Who wants the lot?

L. W. BALDWIN & SON,

40Atf INDEPENDENCE, MO.

GROUND CORK

FOR

Packing Bees for Winter.

THIS consists of small pieces about the
size of a pea. and is an excellent thing for
packing Bees in winter. Prices : In original
packages of 100 pounds, $4.00, measuring 14
bushels.; smaller quantities, 10 cents per lb.;
or a seamless sack, containing 15 lbs., $1.00.

THOMAS a. NEWMAK Ss SON,

246 East Madison Street. - CHICAGO, ILL.

The Lever.

THE NATIONAI.

- - PBOHIBITIOy NEWSPAPER.

Bright! Newsy! and Enterprising!

~2-0"Cr SHOTTLIJ I^EDA-ID IT.
Sumple Copy Free.

To IVew Subscribers, Only 50c a Year.

This offer closes November 1.

Center- Lever Company.

134 Van Burcn Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

ISAtf—lMtf

^ BEES AND HONHy

II I t il ^tronecut, Kfrtt nu.l

i hcupt »t HI I II I \ K f r all rurpos-
1 I u- \t 1 Send }our ad-

ir <:r ti ttic LarecHt lEee-IIIve Fac-
tory In the W orid l r sample co).y of
(uleaiilniEsIn Itc^ Culture (a$l illus-
trated seiui-ruoDthly). aiirt a 44 p. illus-
trated calalocue ot Itee-Keepprs'
SnpplleA. Our A I( C of Bee Cul-
tore 13 a cyclopedia of 400 pp., 6x10, iiiid
300 cuts. Price in cloth, $1 .25. (tj' lfentioT%.

thi* paper. A. I* ROOT, Medina, O*

702

Tmm MMERICMH BE® JQU^RrfMI,.

Tin Pails for Hoiiey.

THESE Pails have full covers, and are excellent
for selling Honey in tbe Home Market; and
after the Hcmey granulates in them, it can be
shipped anywbere with perfect satety. AH sizes
have a bail, or handle, and when empty are useful
in every household.

The engraving shows STRAIGHT
TIN PAILS, of which there are 3 sizes.
iKikliny respectively 3, 5 and lo lbs. of
lliiney. Assorted Samples of tde 3
sizes will be sent by express for 4u cts.
In guantities, the prices are:

Perdoz, Per 100

Callon,. .holds in lbs .. $1.80 $rj.00

1 -Gallon, holds 5 lbs.... 1.50, . 9.00
yuan, holds 3 lbs 1.20 7.00

The second engraving represents
THE TAPERING TIN PAILS-
made heavier and stronger than
those with straight sides. Q'he
covers are deeper, and the top-
edge of the Pail is doubled over,
making it smodih and convenient
to handle. Of the Tapering Pails
there are five sizes, viz: l-lb.. 4-lb.,
7-lb., 13-Ib., and 25-lb. Assorted
Samplea of these will be shipped
lay express for 7^ cents. In quantitie
are as follows :

the price**

To hold l-lb.
Perdozen, $ .75.
Per 100, 5.U0.

4-lbs.

.11.25.

.. 8.0U.,

7-Iba. 13-lbs.
.$ 1.50... $ 2.00.,

25-Ib3.
.$ 3.25
. 23.00

THOS. G, NEWITIAN & SON,

246 East MadiBon Street. - CHICAGO. ILL.

Bee -Hives, Sections, &c.

On and after Feb. 1, 1890. we will sell our
'N9. 1 V-gToove Sections in lots of 500 as fol-
lows: Less than 2.000 at $3. .50 per thousand;
2.000 to 5.000 at $3.00 per thousand. Write
for special prices on largrer quantities. No. 2
Sections *2. 00 per thousand. Send for Price-
List for other Supplies. Address,

J. STAUFFER A: SONS,

(Successors to B. J. Miller & Co.)
SlAtf NAPPANEE. IND.

BEESWAX WANTED.

Beesi»'ax. — We wi!! pay 37 cents per

pound, in Cash, tor Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
ered here.

I^~ To avoid mistakes, the name of the
shipper should always be on each package.

THOS. G. NEWIHAN & 80N,
246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, 'ILL.

PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION

HAS NO SAG IN BICOOD FKAMES.

THIN FLAT BOTTOM FOUNDATION

Has no FlMli-boiie iii SurplusHoiiey.

BeinK the cleanest is usually worked
the quiokeel of any Foundation made.
J. VAN OFrSEN A: SONS,

Sole Manufacturers.
Sprout Brook. Montgomery Co., N. r.

lAlf

Mention the American Bee Journal,

Scientific (|iieen-Reariiig

• AS PRACTICALLY APPLIED;

Being a Method by which tlie very best of

Queen-Bees are reared in perfect accord

with Nature's Way ; by

G. M. DOOLITTLE.

In thi8 book the author details the results
of his Experiments in Hearing Queen-Bees for
the past tour or five years, and is the first
to present his discoveries to the World.

Bound in Cloth— 176 pages— Price, $1.00,
postpaid ; or, it will be Clubbed with the
American Bee Journal one year, for $1.75—
with the Illustrated Home Journal, for $1.25 :
or the two Journals and the Book for $2.00.

THOS. G. NEWMjIN A: SON,

•246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

HANDLING BEES

APAMPHI.ET, treating of the taming
and handling ol bees. Just the thing for
beginners. It is a chapter from "TUe Hive
and Hoiiey-Bee, revised." Price, 8 cts.
Advice to beginners. Circulars, &c., free.

CHAS. DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ills
Mention the American Bee Journal.

^QUARE }|ONEY QaNS

The above illustration shows the 60 pound
Sqi'are Hoxet Cans which are becoming
quite popular for shipping extracted honey.
They are enclosed in
a solid case of wood,
and the boxes contain
rajuiiiii cither one or two Cans
L JMlill .|g may be preferred.

If ^^■■llilll ^^ ^^'^ furnish them
i[|j[^^H|||| at the following prices,
llllllBli .^ iii^^^HIIII with a l}-^-inch Screw
Cap in the corner of
each Can.
For the convenience
^^^^-^^ of digging out candied
% ^^^^^^ honey, we can furnish
these Cans with an
additional fourinch Screw Cap for 5 cents
extra on each Can.

1 Single Can (boxed) -S .45

13 " Cans... " 5.00

100 " " ... " 40.00

1 box of two Cans 73

12 boxes " 8.40

100 •' ■• 65.00

THOMAS G. KliWIIAIT & SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

New Factory!

WE WILL soon be in our new Factory —
which will be the largest and most com-
plete in the world. We shall make the best of
^■oods at lowest prices. We are ready for con-
tracts for next season's Supplies. Write us.

G. B. LEM'IS A: CO., IVatertown, Wis,

3:>Atf
Mention tJic American Bee Journah

AGENTS

WANTED

in < -very Town ;ui<l County
in AmericM. ti» solicit sub-
scriptions for the II.I.TTSTBATI:D HOIMIE
JOURNAL. Will allow a Cash Commission
on all Subscriptions obtained. This is a tine
opportunity for active young' people to easily
earn several dollars a day. Particulars as to
commission, ete., and sample copies of the
paper, will be sent to any address.

THOMAS G-. NEWBIAN ft SON,

246 East Madison Street. - CHICAGO. ILL
Mention the AnieHca7i Bee Journal,

BEE-FEEDERS.

The Hasting's "Perfection " Bee-Feeder
holds one quart, and the letting down of
the food is regulated by a thumbscrew. The
cover is put on securely.
It is easy to regulate —
either a quart or a spoon-
ful can be given in a day
"r in an hour, as desired,
nil where it is needed
iiiMst — over the cluster of
bees. Not a drop of food
need be lost, and robber
bees cannot get at it.
Price, 40 cents, or one
dozen for S3. 50. Postage, 10 cts. extra on
each Feeder. Special Rates to Dealers —
Write for prices.

The " Shuck " Bee Feeder, as here shown,
may be placed at the hive-entrance, any
time of the day, without danger from the

robber bees. It feeds much or little, as may
be wanted, and the food can be reached by
the bees only from tbe inside of the hive.

Price, SO cts., postpaid ; by express, 25
cents each, or $2.40 per dozen.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
246 East Madison Street. - CHICAGO, ILLS.

LOOK HEBE !

BEFOKK PLACING YOIR ORDER
lor tSL'PPLlES for 1891, get my Prices
and Discouuts.
Price-Llst FREE.

Address. J. M. KINZIE,

20Aly ROCHESTER, Oakland Co.. MICH.

WE have had splendid success this season.
We believe we have filled ail orders up to
date, and can nowscud Carulolau A- Italian
Queens by return mail, providing you do not
all order at once. We shall have about 100
of those Beautiful Vellow Carnlolan
Queens ready to ship during September — a
new strain of bees possessing- all the desirable
points of Carniolans, with color added. Price
of all Queens. $1.00 each, by mail.

E. L. PRATT, PRATT BEE-FARM,

3Att

ITIarlboro, ITIass.

SPECIAL DISCOUNT

' ON HIVES.

IN order to keep our factory running during-
tiie fall and winter months, we will make
a discount of 10 per cent, on all orders for
Hives received before Jan. 1, 1891, and after
that date, until March 1, we will make a dis-
count of 5 per cent, from our Catalogue
prices.

The experience of the last season should ■
prompt every bee-keeiK'r to have his supply of
Hives, etc.. on band iiefore the season com-
mences, and avoid the rush.

THOS, G. NEWMAN & SON,

•240 East Madison Struct,

CHICAGO, ILL.

Mutlis Honey-Extractor,

Perfection Cold-Blast Smokera,
8({UARE GLASS HONEY-JABS, etc

For Circulars, apply to

CHAK1.EB F. 1II17TH A SON,

Cor. Freeman * Central Aves., CINCINNATI, O.
P. 8.— Send 10c. lor Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers.

T']K® mimmRivm^ mmm joxsmmmi^.

707

XHOMAS G. IVEYVMArV,

EDITOR.

Vol. mi, Oct 25,1890, No. 43,

"In the "World is darkness,

So we must sbine ;
You in your little corner,

And I in mine."

Will You go to the International next
week, at Keokuk ?

If Feeding the bees is necessary, no
time should be lost in supplj'ing them with
food for winter stores.

Considerable Honey, iu some
localities, has been gathered during the
past few weeks — and there, feeding will be
unnecessary.

E. L. Pratt has removed from Marl-
boro, Mass., to Beverly, Mass., an excellent
location for bees only a few miles from
Salem on the eastern division of the Boston
& Lowell railroad.

The Jtutumn Convocation of

apiarists in Switzerland occurs at the same
time as the Convention of the International
at Keokuk, Iowa. It opens at the Hotel de
Prance, in Lausanne, on Thursday, Oct. 30,
at 10 a.m. We are reminded of the Con-
vocation of the same society we attended
eleven years ago, at the same place, and of
the many excellent apiarists we there met
for the first, and, perhaps, for the last time
in our lives. M. de Ribeaucourt, the Presi-
dent, and M. Ed. Bertrand, the Secretary,
we remember with more than ordinary
pleasure, and we hope that the Convoca-
tion of the present autumn will be exceed-
ingly jjleasant and profitaVjle.

IVIelissa, the honey-plant introduced
to apiarists by A. C. Tyrrel, was exhibited
at the Nebraska State Fair, and by a
reporter was very much misrepresented—
claiming that Prof. C. E. Bessey stated
that it belonged to the sunflower family,
and its name was "actinomerissquarossa."
To this Mr. Tyrrel replied through the
Wurhl-Herald, from which we copy the
following ;

It is not true that the plant in question
belongs to the sunflower family, neither is
its title " actiuomeris squarossa," nor is it
the first, eighth, or sixteenth cousin of the
sunflower. It belongs to the mint famil}',
as will be shown by the following partial
description of libiatae mint family : Chiefly
herbs with aromatic herbage, square stems;
opposite simple leaves, more or less two-
lipped corolla (whence the name of the
order, at once distinguished from all the
related family lij' the deeply four-parted
ovary), as if four ovaries around the base
of a common style, ripening into as many
seedlike nutlets or akene, each containing
a single seed. As in all these families,
there are two lobes belonging to the upper,
and three to the lower lip of the corolla.

Flowers from the axils of the leaves or
bracts, usually in cymose clusters, or run-
ning into terminal racemes or spikes.
Stamens four, parallel and ascending, and
projecting from a notch on the upper side
of the corolla. Nutlets reticulated and
pitted, obliquely fixed by the inner side
near the base.

My plant differs from actinomeris squar-
ossa very materially ; in spreading in-
volucre, irregular rays, broadly winged
akene, growing 4 to 10 feet high is a per-
ennial, and flowers in September.

The plant I call melissa in our rich bot-
tom land and highly manured, never grows
to exceed 2 feet and 10 inches in height,
and usually blooms about July 10, and is
an annual.

I am "proud of my pet," for T was
awarded a medal at the Paris Exposition
on a gallon of melissa honey, the only one
awarded on that class of honey in the
world, which speaks volumes for the
merits of the " weed " as a honey-produc-
ing plant. And I should think that all
loyal Nebraska apiarists, and others inter-
ested in any growing industry, would be
proud of the fact that any article of com-
merce produced in the State, and brought
into the shar^jest comi^etition with the
whole civilized world, should possess suffi-
cient merit to entitle the exhibitor to
receive the prize.

Of course. Prof. Bessey never made any
such statement. Prof. T. J. Burrill, of
Illinois, and Prof. Chas. R. Barnes, of Wis-
consin, state emphatically : "The plant is
Melissa officinalis." That settles it. But
some reporters have very erroneous ideas,
and persist in making all the trouble they
can — anything for a sensational article.

Mr. Tyrrel writes us as follows about his
honey crop : " If reports are true, I have
taken more than three times as much
honey, per colony, as any bee-keeper in
Nebraska."

Let ?tll who can do so, make arrange-
ments to go to Keokuk next week, and
enjoy "the honey feast" with us. We
expect to be on hand at the opening, and
remain until the close, and shall be pleased
to meet the reader there.

>»^*»«»f ««

The Season in England.— Mr.

W. T. Crawshaw, of Welwyn, England,
writes us as follows :

I see your report in the Amekica.v Bee
JouKN'AL, that the honey season in England
is a failure. It has not been a failure with
me, as I have had an average of ao
I)ounds per colony. I have taken 67
pounds from one in a Simmins' new hive
(the non swarming bive). As far as I can
learn, bees have done fairly well in this
district ; if the wet weather "had not set iu
during the latter part of June and the
beginning of July, this would have been a
grand honey year. W. T. Cuawsuaw.

All we know about it, is that the British
Dec Journal stated that the wet weather
had greatly injured the honey crop, which
is also confirmed by Mr. Crawshaw. We
remarked that the opposite (a drouth) had
made the honey crop a failure in America.
We are glad to know that the honey crop
in Herefordshire is not so bad— but that
may not be a fair representation of the
whole of England. We have localities in
America where an excellent yield is re-
ported—but on the whole, we have only
about one-fourth of a crop.

The Illinois State Fair was opened
on Sept. 30, but it has been a long time
since there was a good exhibit of bees and
honey at a State Fair in Illinois. Some
way or other the bee-keepers of this State
do not believe in exhibits of honey, or else
the premiums are too. small to call out an
exhibit that will be creditable. Mrs. L.
Harrison, in the Prairie Farmer, gives her
impressions of the honey exhibit this year,
in these words :

Of course bee and honey exhibits have
superior attractions for me over anything
else, and thither I wended my way. I
found a few congenial spirits, and enjoyed
a heart}- hand-shaking all around. Illinois
bee-keepers have very little to show, but
Io%va has come to the rescue with a fine
display. One exhibitor from that State
could fill the whole space allotted to the
industry by the State Fair Association.
This exhibitor has white clover honey in
sections, and extracted in cute little glass
pails too expensive for the general market.

One exhibitor of this locality has Mason
jars of dark wine colored honey gathered
in June. He thinks that it was gathered
from raspberry, and it is of fine flavor. It
is humiliating, but Iowa, no doubt, will
bear away the blue.

Bees and queens are on exhibition, and
attract considerable attention. Timid per-
sons give them a wide berth, although they
are securely caged.

Fumes of Sulphur will again do
their deadly work in many places this fall.
A visitor at this office a few days ago, said
he was going to kill 100 colonies ; and in
his neighborhood about 1,000 colonies will
share the same fate. This has been de-
cided upon, rather than to provide them
with winter stores, as they had gathered
none.

Cliil>»< of 5 New Subscriptions for $4.00.
to any addresses. Ten for $7.50.

708

TMW mwmwMi^MM m^M jQ^Mmm%!.

GLEMSOFMl

Indiana State Fair.— The Bee and
Honey Exhibit at this Fair was the largest
ever made in the State. The list of pre-
miums awarded are furnished us by Julius
Moesch, and are as follows :

Queen-bees— 1st premium,Julius Moesch ;
2d, Walter S. Pouder.

Extracted honey— 1st premium, R. S.
Russell ; 2d, Julius Moesch.

Comb honey— 1st, J. C. Zimmerman ; 2d,
R. S. Russell.

Display of honey, the product of one
apiary— 1st, Geo. H. Kirkpatricli ; 2d, J.
C. Zimmerman.

Display of wax— 1st, Walter S. Pouder ;
2d, Aaron Hunt.

Display of Apiarian supplies — 1st, Geo.
H. Kirkpatrick ; 3d, J. C. Zimmerman.

Apparatus for the manufacture of comb
foundation— 1st, J. C. Zimmerman ; 2d,
Geo. H. Kirkpatrick.

Comb foundation for brood-nest— 1st,
Julius Moesch : 2d, TValter S. Pouder.

Comb foundation for surplus— 1st, Walter
S. Pouder ; 2d, Julius Moesch.

Honey-extractor- 1st, Aaron Hunt ; 2d,
J. C. Zimmerman.

Solar wax-extractor— 1st, J. C.Zimmer-
man ; 2d, Aaron Hunt.

Honey-vinegar— 1st, Julius Moesch ; 2d,
J. C. Zimmerman.

Sections— 1st, Julius Moesch ; 2d, Aaron
Hunt.

Display of wholesale packages and crates
for honey— 1st, Geo. H. Kirkpatrick; 2d,
J. C. Zimmerman.

Display of retail packages for extracted
honey- 1st, Geo. H. Kirkpatrick ; 2d,
Walter S. Pouder.

Collection of honey plants— 2d, a lady
from Greensburg ; 1st, Julius Moesch.

Spraying Fruit Trees.— A year
ago Mr. C. A. HuflF, of Clayton, Mich.,
wrote to us about the following paragraph
which was in the price-list of the Green
Nursery Co., Rochester, N. Y. ;

Ten years ago but few plums were
grown. Fruit-growers supposed that the
curculio was unconquerable. But it ap-
pears that the curculio is as easily de-
stroyed as any other insect, and now plum
growing is a great success and very profit-
able. A spray of very weak Paris-green
water thrown upon the foliage at blossom-
ing time, also again a few weeks later,
destroys the curculio.

^ We commented upon it thus on page
691 of the Bee JouKN-iL for Nov. 2, 1889 :

"Mr. C. A. Huflf, of Clayton,Mich., wrote
them that their advice would do great dam-
age by poisoning bees if the sprinkling be
done while the trees are in bloom. We
would call their attention to the matter,
and present to their notice this fact, that
should the bees gather the poisoned honey,
and it be eaten, much damage would result
in a way that would be very unpleasant for
them.

"Besides, the insect does not damage the
blossom. The fruit is injured ; and spray-
the blossoms is useless, ffhe time to spray
the trees is just after the blossoms fall-
then it will kill the insect-pest, and do no
damage to bees or honey.

" The Green Nursery Company have no
doubt innocently fallen into error, and will
cheerfully make the correction in the next
edition of their Circular, now that their
attention is called to the matter."

As far as our advice was good for fruit,
it was correct. It simply was death to the
bees, which question we did not consider at
all, but gladly do so now, and thank you
for your zeal. Chas. A. Green,

Managei:

Yes, it is "death to the bees," and as
they cannot speak for themselves, we speak
for them. We hope Mr. Huff will find it
all right in the spring catalogue of the
" Green Nursery Company." If not, we
will try again.

Last >Veelt we gave a list of the
premiums at the Rhode Island Fair on bees
and honey. The New England Homestead
remarks thus about the excellent exhibit
made by Prof. Cushman :

The apiary exhibit attracted immediate
attention. It was undoubtedly the best
ever shown in the East. This industry is
as yet in its infancy in the State, but is
fast coming to the front. To do all in its
power to help, the State Experiment Sta-
tion at Kingston has established an apiary
department, under the charge of Prof.
Samuel Cushman. This Station is one of
a tew, if not the only one, that makes a
specialty of this work. Prof. Cushman had
a valuable illustrative exhibit, which in-
cluded 12 standard hives of different pat-
terns, such as are used by bee-keepers in
different parts of the country. Also about
100 pounds of extracted honey in tall,
cylindrical glass jars with uickled and
screw caps, to show how honey can be put
up in the most attractive shape to sell.
The label was especially worthy of examina-
tion and copying by bee-keepers, as it gives
plain and simple directions to the buyer
how to store honey in the best condition.

Importation of Oriental Bees.

—Prof. A. J. Cook writes as follows on this
subject :

Every bee-keeper knows that the bee-
industry has been materially advanced by
the importation of foreign bees— like the
Italians, Carniolans, etc. No bee-keeper
knows but tbat there are other bees that
are far superior to any we yet have.
Surely, it is not creditable to the enteri)rise
of our time that the Orient is not made to
show its hand, and any superior bees tbat
may be in existence in Africa, India,
Ceylon, Philippine Islands brought here for
our use and test.

Private enterprise should not be called
to do this. We have tew Joneses— few men
that could do it. It seems to me that our
Government should take the work in hand.

I have recently had an interview with
the Government" officials, and received no
slight encouragement. The Government
could do this with but a small outlay, and
might confer a great benefit on our

industry. i, ^ ^u i.

It has been suggested to me that the bee-
keepers memorialize the Hon. J. M. Rusk,
Secretary of Agriculture. Bee-keepers can
get what they ask for, if united.

I wish bee-keepers would think it over. 1
have requested President Taylor to bring
the matter up at Keokuk. The Central
Michigan Society acted in the matter yes-
terday, and the State Society will consider
it next January. A. J. Coon.

This is a good idea. We think that the
International Society should take the
initiative, and will reserve further remarks
until then.

The fact that the Green' Nursery Com-
pany have printed the same paragraph in
their price-list for this Fall, shows that we
estimated them too charitably. We cer-
tainly thought that they would gladly
make the correction in future editions,
when their attention had been called to
the blunder. We now call upon them
iigain to do so — and have written them
privately for the second time, so that they
maj' be sure to see it, even if they should
not have noticed the paper sent them with
the paragraph marked.

It is a very serious matter, and any hon-
orable firm (such as we deemed the com-
pany to be) would find delight in changing
off an erroneous statement for a truthful
one — especially when that "statement"
takes the form of giving advice !

We hope that this notification will cause
them to take the matter in hand at once,
and that they will make all amends for
their past blunder, and negligence !

Later.— Since the above was "set up"
in type, we have received the following
from Mr. Chas. A. Green, in answer to our
letter :

Rochester, N. Y., Oct. 11, 1890.

Dear Sir: — We made correction at the
time in our Fruit Grower. The Catalogue
for tall was printed from former electro-
typed plates, hence the mistake, as we had
forgotten about it, and did not read the

l^ctrotyped matter.

CL,irBBII>« L,ISX.

■*Ve Cliib the ^?iier(C07i Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the I..AS'r
column. The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One j-ear's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book :
Price of both. Club.
The American Bee Journal $1 00 —

and Gleaninsjs in Bee-Culture 2 00.... 175

Bee-Keepers' Guide 150. .. liO

Bee-Keepers' Review 150 1 iO

The Apiculturist 175.... 165

Bee-Keepers' Advance 150 — 1,40

Canadian Bee Jouruiil 2 00 ... 180

The 7 above-named papers 5 25 5 00

and Langstroth Eeriseil iDadant) 3 00.... 2 75
Cook's ManuaKlSST edition) 2 25.... 2 00

Quinliv's New Bee-Kceping:. 2 50 2 2o

Doolittle on Queen-Rearing:. 2 00 — 175
Bees and Honey (Newman).. 2 00 — 175
Binderfor Am. Bee .Journal. 160 — 150
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth). 3 00.... 2 00
Roofs ABC of Bee-Culture 2 25.... 2 10

Farmer's Account Book 4 00.... 2 20

Western World Guide 150 130

Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150 — 140

A Year Among the Bees .... 1 50 1 3.j

Convention Hand-Book 150. .. 130

WeeUlv Inter-Oeeau 2 00.... 1 7o

Toronto Globe (weelv-ly) 200.... 170

History of National Society. 1 50 ... . 1 2o
American Poultry Journal.. 2 25 — 150

The Lever (Temperance) 2 00 175

Orange Judd Farmer 2 00 ... 165

Farm, Field and Stockman.. 2 00.... 1 6o

I>o not send to us for sample copies
of any other papers. Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.

•TH® MMERicjKPf mmm jowmnmiLr.

709

jliwns^ of Ilir<l aii«I Itee.

Written for the Baclxivood's Magazine

BY C. M. O'NEIL.

The night is come with all her silver train,
The moonlight steeps the sea ;

The hour is come that I can rest again,
And dream o£ thee.

The air is still, the western sky is gold.
And far on lawn and lea

The shadows bring the happy thought of old.
And dreams of thee.

The sweetest hour of summer day is ended ;

The song of bird and bee
To the still time their influence is lending.

And sing of thee.

Queries % Replies,

liosing Swarms when the Queens
Have Clipped Wings.

Written tor the American Bee Journal

Query 735.— Is there much danger of
losing queens with clipped wings not
watched closely, and permitted to swarm
naturally * — K.

Yes. — H. D. Cutting.

Yes. — Dadaxt & Son.

Yes, sir.- James Heddon.

Most assuredly. — J. M. Hambaugh.

They need to be pretty closely watched.
— M. Mahin.

Yes.unless the hive is close to the ground.
— G. M. Doolittle.

I do not know. We do not practice
"clipping." — Mrs. L. Harrison.

Not if the hives are properly placed— not
less than 6 or 8 feet apart each way, and
so that the queen can crawl back. — A. B.
Mason.

Yes, if the bee-keeper is not on band to
attend to them.— G. L. Tinker.

It depends upon the location. If the
ground about the apiary is infested with
ants, there would be great danger. — J. P.
H. Brown.

I have lost a good many. If the hives
were 10 feet apart, I think that very few
would be lost. — C. C. Miller.

There is some danger, especially if the
hives are raised some distance from the
ground.— C. H. Dibbern.

Yes, considerable, unless a little care is
exercised. It is easy to watch and prevent
any such loss. — A. J. Cook.

The queen generally returns to her own
hive if the entrance is accessible to her.
Occasionally she would get into another
hive, if within i or 5 feet.— R. L. Taylor.

At the time of swarming, queens with
clipped wings must be watched, as not only
they may get lost in the grass, or be killed
by neighboring bees, but I have often had
them killed by the bees of her hive, after 3
or 4 attempts at swarming. — P. L. Viallon.

I think there is. Some think differently.
The question is a "mooted" one with bee-
keepers, and will never be decided posi-
tively, or to the satisfaction of everybody.
—J. E. Pond.

Perhaps there is some danger. It would
depend upon, first, how near to the ground
the hives were, and whether it would be
easy for the queen to crawl back ; and sec-
ond, proximity to other hives. — Eugene
Becob.

They are «i(>t us often lost, as one would
naturally suppose when relying on theory
instead of actual practice. It is proper to
know and understand, that if a colony of
of bees, bent on swarming, is neglected
when their queen is unable to follow them,
they will supersede her, and rely on the
brood of the young queen to give them a
glorious tilt at swarming, or casting after-
swarms. I wish to say here, that the plan
of clipping the queen's wing is perfectly
practicable, but the bees must have prompt
attention. — G. W, Demaree.

There is danger, of course. But if the
hive rests on the ground, the queen will get
to her own hive, pretty generally, at the
usual time of swarming. Watching wUl be
necessary to prevent " queens with clipped
wings" being superseded, when the bees
find that their queen cannot follow them.
At such times they often become disgusted
and conclude to supersede the queen hav-
ing clipped wings, if not watched and pre-
vented.— The Editor.

S'warms in October. — Mr. Roscoe
Laubach, of Indianola, Iowa, on Oct. 11,
1890, wrote as follows:

What does it mean when bees swarm in
October ? My grandfather had one swarm
to-day. They came out and flew around
awhile, and finally lit on the limb of an
apple tree, about 6 or 7 feet from the
ground. They were hived, and then they
came out again and lit on the same limb.
What does this mean ? I am young, and I
have one colony of bees. My grandfather
has 12 colonies, and he is caring for 14
colonies for another man.

[The bees left the hive because they were
dissatisfied with their surroundings. They
were probably short of provisions, and
swarmed out, prompted by self-preserva-
tion, hoping to find some place more prom-
ising for the future. If you give them a
frame or two of honey, and it possible some
brood, they will no doubt remain. — Ed.]

Statistical. — An exchange contains
the following figures on bees, bee-keepers
and beeswax. Some of the items appear
rather large, but they may be correct. It
reads thus :

Careful estimates put the number of bee-
keepers in the United States at 350,000 ;
over 10,000 of this number keep more
than 500 hives each. The value of the
honey produced by them in 1889 was over
$100,000,000, and the value of the bees-
war produced for the same year exceeded
$17,000,000. Many tons of wax were
mftnufactured into comb foundation to be
used by the bee keepers in their own api-
aries, as it is fully demonstrated that the
use of foundation in the apiaries very
largely increases the yield of honey. There
is little doubt that in the very near future
the bee-keeper will use all the wax he pro-
duces for comb foundation. One firm made
64,000 pounds of it last year, and found
sale for it at home.

ConTention Notices.

jy The 8th semi-annual meet in(f of the Susque-
hanna County Bee-Keepera' Association will be held
at Montrose, Pa., on Thursday. May 7. 1891.

H. M. Seeley, Sec.

SW The next meeting of the Turkey Hill Bee-
Keepers' Association, will be held at the Turkey
Uill Grange Hall, near Wilderman's Station, three
miles southeast of Belleville, Ills., on Oct. 30, IMO.
All interested in bee-keeping are cordially invited.

A. Fehr. Sec.

'I'lie Inlernationsil I'onvention

will be held in the G. A. R. Hall, Estes

House, Keokuk, Iowa, Oct. 29, 30 and 31,

1890.

PEOGRAMME.

First Day— Wednesday, Oct. 2.9.

9:00 A..M.— Cull to orflcr. Reception of new
Members. Pa.vincnt of Dues. Appointment
of Committees for Question-Box and other
purposes.

10 :00 A.M.— Addreasof Welcome— J. E. Craig,
Maj'or of Keokuk.

Recess.

11:00 a.m.— "Fifty Years' Progress in Api-
culture."—Thomas G. Newman, Editor of the
American Bee Journal, Chicago.

Question-Box.

1:30 P..M.— " Apicultural Journalism."— W.
Z. Hutchinson, Editor of the Bee-Keepers'
Review, Flint, Mich.

Discussion.

3:00 P.M.— President's Address.- Hon. E. L.
Taylor, Lapeer, Mich.

3:30 P.M.— "Honey Pasturage of the United
States."— A. I. Root, Editor of Gleanings in
Bee-Culture. Medina, Ohio.

Discussion.

Question-Box.

7:00 P.M.— "Apiarian Exhibit at the Coming
ChicagoInternationalFair."- Dr. A. B. Masou,
Auburndale, Ohio.

Discussion.

Question-Box.

Second Day— Thursday, Oct 30.

8:30 a.m.— "What I don't know about Bee-
Keeping."— Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, Ills.

Discussion.

11 :00 a.m.— Condensed Reports of the Affili-
ated Associations in regard to Crops and
Prospects.

Question-Box.

1:30 P.M.— "Is it best to use full sheets of
Foundation in Bi-ood and Surplus Frames ?"—
Eugene Secor, Forest City, Iowa.

Discussion.

3 :00 P.M.—" Fixed Frames versus Suspended
Frames."— Ernest R. Eoot, Medina, Ohio.

Discussion.

7:00 P.M.— "The conditions necessary to in-
sure a Honey Crop."— Prof. A. J. Cook, Agri-
cultural College, Mich.

Discussion.

Question-Box.

Tniird Day— Friday, Oct. 31.

8:30 A.M.- Business of the Association. Sec-
retary's and Treasurer's Reports. Election of
Officers.

11:00 A.M.— "In an Apiary run for Honey
only, are Italians or Hybrids preferable?"—
C. F. Muth, Cincinnati, Ohio.

1 :30 P.M.— Volunteer contributions from dif-
ferent sources.

3:00 P.M.— "The International Bee-Associa-
tion. Its past and future."— W. F. Clarke,
Guelph, Ont., Canada.

The Question-Box Committee will receive
questions at any time, and will appoint differ-
ent members to answer those that are deemed
of sufficient interest or importance.

As this is the first meeting of this Interna-
tional Bee-Association held West of the Jliss-
issippi, it is hoped that the Western bee-keep-
ers will m;ike an effort to show what the West
can do. °A number of ladies are expected, as
usual. The essayists named in the programme
will nearly all be present.

A special room on the same floor as the
G. A. R. Hall, has been secured for exhibits of
bees or their products, or implements, and a
special committee will report as to their
merits. Articles for exhibition, if prepaid to
Keokuk and addressed to the Secretary, will
be delivered in the proper place free of charge.

The Hotel Keokuk, one of the best hotels in
the West, a *3.00 house, will take members at
$•2.00 per day. The MeCarty Boarding, in the
Estes House, on same floor as the G. A. R.
Hall, will board members at $1.00 per d:iy.

Parties wishing to attend will be freely
furnished all necessary information. Reduced
Railroad Rates are not to he had.

C. P. DADANT, Seeretar.v,

Hamilton, His.

710

T-'mm MME;MICMH ®®® J©^KffM£f.

AiituiUH Xlioii;::lit!!i.

Written for the Illustrated Home Journal

BY IDALIA TREGELLA8.

The dew-drops are slisteniDg on flower and leaf,
The blue-jay and robin are talking together ;

The summer was lovely, but it seemed, ah, so brief.
And now we are watching the gay autumn weather

The hickory is dressed all in yellow and brown.
And the ripe nuts are falling from every bough ;

The rock-maple tree wears a golden crown,
The Frost kissed it last night— the Sun's kissing it
now.

The leaves of the sassafras whisper and rustle.
As they sprinkle the green grass all over with red.

The Elm scolds the Wind so, because he will bustle,
That the gray squirrel peeps out to hear what is
said.

The golden-rod fringes the roadside with yellow,
The asters are crimson and pink in the wood.

The " niggar-head " nods like a jolly old fellow—
The Wahoo and sumac are gleaming like blood.

The woodland brook murmurs "good-by" to the

flowers.

As it glides over stones and around moss-grown

trees ;

Thebrown-thrush has left us for pleasanter bowers.

And the chipmunk a lesson has learned from the

bees.
Astoria, Ills.

WINTERINa.

How to Properly Pack Bee§ for
the Winter.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY C. W. DAYTON.

The best substance for packing bees
is ground cork ; next is forest leaves,
and then comes oat-chafF.

One or the other of these substances
should be placed over the clusters in a
manner and in sufficient quantity to
admit of a slow draft upward through
it. The draft should be slow — not
enough to waste the heat from the
bees. WUere there is not a draft up-
ward, the cold penetrates from above,
and meets the warmth from the bees ;
and at the point of meeting the con-
densation of moisture takes place.
Following this condensation of mois-
ture, comes the accumulation of
moisture.

If the packing over the bees is 6
inches thick, and the condensation of
moisture takes place 3 inched above
the lower edge of the packing, the
packing at that point becomes wet, and
forms an impervious roof to the brood-
nest, and ends all upward ventilation
when the condensation and accumula-
tion of moisture will extend toward
the bees until it will be found adhering
to the inner wall of the brood-chamber
— in small particles at first, and large
drops later on, until the drops become
of sufficient size to trickle down upon
the combs, souring the honey in open

cells, or invading the cluster of the
bees.

I have watched many colonies win-
tering in hives that were provided
with impervious coverings to the
bvood-nesls, to prevent upward circu-
lation, where it required two- months
for the moisture to become visible to
the eye, and two months more to pi'o-
duce ordinarj'-sized drops of water,
which finally loosened their hold on
the ceiling, and dropped directly into
the cluster. This caused a disturbance;
the disturbance produced more
warmth, and the increase of warmth
bi'ought more condensation of moisture.
Such condensed moisture is largely a
question of time, whether the colonies
are situated in a cellar or out-of-doors.
Bees possess a marked instinct of
cleanliness. When this moisture drops
into the cluster of bees, in the neigh-
borhood where the earliest brood is
likely to be reared, it is taken up by
the bees with the expectancy of carry-
ing it from the hive. As such oppor-
tunities seldom occur during our
Northern winters, the water is retained
in the stomach of the bees, and in time
causes indigestion and consequent
overloaded intestines. This is the
nature of nine-tenths of the cases of
bee-diarrhea.

I have experimented along this line
in a somewhat artificial manner — by
allowing a colony, having a comb of
brood to protect, to remain in an un-
covered hive during two days of rainy
weather, when the colony showed un-
mistakable symptoms of diarrhea. At
the same time other colonies were
given strange combs containing no
brood, and the bees remained healthy.
If the disease was not caused by the
bees taking up and holding the water
that ran on the brood, then what did
cause the disease ?

There is no general rule to be given
as to the pi'oper amount of absorbent
or packing to use. This must be de-
termined by the kee-keeper who must
learn from his own experience to
properly apply the idea.

Some apply this method of ventila-
tion to prevent the condensation of
moisture within the brood-chamber, by
raising the edge of the honey-board so
as to leave a narrow crack at one side.
All the plans tend toward the slow or
slight upward draft that carries the
moisture onward, and finally out of
the hive, and exceptional colonies here
and there that winter without such
draft may be said to have escaped by
mere chance. Eight inches of forest
leaves slightly pressed is usually about
right. Four inches in depth of chaff,
liglitly thrown in, is right ; but if it be
pressed down, it may prevent the cir-
culation through it.
Clinton, Wis.

CRITICISMS

On

Various Apiarian Questions
of the Day.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY G. W. DEMAHEE.

Very many things are published in
our bee-periodicals which ought not to
pass without honest and fair criticism.
But few of us, however, fancy a task
of that kind, because too many writers
do not take kindly to even the fairest
and most friendly criticisms. But it
should be borne in mind that the bee-
keeping ranks are continually being
filled up by beginners, as the business
increases and the older ones retire or
pass away. These beginners are en-
titled to protection. I hope that these
remarks will exempt me from being
charged with being a mere chronic
"fault finder." Blost persons who
criticize the words and deeds of their
fellows, are generally regarded in that
light ; but is it necessarily so ? Are we
willing to admit that honest criticism
is out of place — a thing not possible
among men ?

THE TEASEL.

On page 660, we find a good illus-
tration of the teasel, but the "facts"
there given are not altogether the
whole truth. In my locality, the wild
teasel is often so perfect in its growth
and maturity as to stick to the hands
like steel hooks.

QUEENLESS BEES AND DRONE-COMB.

Owing to several months of sickness
on my part, the answers to queries for
some weeks have not materialized, and
for this reason I wish to say that the
substance- of Query No. 732 shows on
its face that the querist is a novice in
the science of bees, and ought not to
be severely chided. It is so often told
that queenless bees will build store or
drone-comb, that the error he falls
into is not surprising, seeing that so
many practical honey-producers who
answer his query have uot tried the
experiment, and have to guess at an
answer.

Queenless bees, when left to their
own instincts, ncarhj always build
store or drone-comb ; but when sup-
plied with good worker foundation
they draw it out just like bees do that
have a good laying queen. I have
often had the opportunity to see this
done when practicing my "queenless
system" of obtaining surplus honey.

COLORS OK BEES.

On page 662, we have a lesson on
this subject. It is not a thing new to
me — I have gone over these grounds
quite a number of times in the past 15
years. "Very yellow bees" is gea-

T'KB MMERICSH MMm J&Umf^Ri^.

Ill

ei'ally the result of a mixture of
blood with C3'priaii and Syrian races,
and tlu! water-colored capping of comb
honey is the result of lilling the cells
too full ; that is, it is exaggerated
•economy in the bees that finish their
■capping in that waj% You can verify
the trutli of this if you will, by placing
a nice, white section of honey in the
■extractor basket, and turningit rapidly
for a few minutes. The centrifugal force
will drive or start the honey from its
position in tlie cells, and press it close
against the white capping, and will
■change the white to the water-color.

Speaking of color characteristics in
bees, after all the experiments in
■" dark and mixed stripes," you will
find the same thing in some of the
freshly-imported queens of the Italian
race. Many good bee-men will bear
■me out in this statement.

GOLDEN-ROD AS A HONEY-PLANT.

On page G63 are some tilings on this
subject which need investigation. The
several varieties of the golden-rods
should be collected bj'. some one or
more of the authors of our best works
on bee-culture, and classified and illus-
trated for future editions of their
works. As a fall honey-plant, I have
never seen but the one vai'iety of the
golden-rod. Certainly more informa-
tion in, regard to the several varieties
■of this plant is needed to establish it
as a valuable honey-plant.

SURE METHOD OF INTRODUCING QUEENS.

On page 665, we have something
"sure" on this important manipula-
tion. Now the truth is, the same re-
sults can be obtained by placing the
cage containing the queen to be intro-
duced immediately with the bees with
which she is to be introduced — 1 mean
at the same time the queen is removed.

The safe way is to watch the behavior
of the bees toward the queen in the in-
troducing-cage. When the bees are
found crawling quietly over the cage
when it is first uncovered and brought
to view, there is no danger in remov-
ing the stopper to the food depart-
ment, and leaving the bees to liberate
the queen by eating out the food. In
my opinion, no tin should ever be used
as a part of a queen-cage. Tin is cold,
"slick." and condenses moisture.
Wood is the Ijest material, always. I
•do not mean to say that the writer on
page 665 uses tin about his cages — he
only speaks of the "thin lid" which
■does not necessarily mean tin.

FEEDING BACK HONEY.

On page 666 is an interesting ai'ticle
on this subject. I wish to say that in
my experiments I have found that all
queen " restrictors" or queen-excluders
are unnecessary trapping when feed-

ing back — in fact, they are positively
useless, if not a positive hindrance.
The best condition is a standard brood-
chamber filled with brood and sealed
honey. It is a well-known fact that
bees breed but little when there is an
overflowing in of honey. If the feed-
ing back is rightly done, the bees will
bend every energy to the work of
storing the flow of honey, and let
breeding go hy default.

SYRIAN BEES.

On pages 666 and 667, inclusive, we
have the reiteration of the often re-
peated mistake that a good, strong
condition of a colony of bees is "no
good " except when the fields are
yielding nectar in surplus quantity. Is
this true ? Hold up your hands, ye
old bee-meu. Of course there are
some "mental reservations" Iiere, but
they are hidden from the beginner.
The bee-hive contains a "family," not
a set of hired servants. Hence the
illustrations given are fallacious, and
misleading. I formerly entertained
some such views, but time and experi-
ence have taught me that the ' 'family"
must have numbers as a. Joti7idatio7i for
future usefulness. Everything may be
overdone, but they are most frequently
underdone. I am no advocate of
Syrian bees, 'neither am I an advocate
of " contraction."

Christiansburg, Ky.

THE SEASON.

Results of the Past, and Pros-
pects for the Future.

Written for ttie Michigan Farmer

BY GEO. E. HILTON.

I think the bee-keepers of Michigan
have rarely started out with more en-
thusiasm, higher hopes, or better pros-
pects— so far as could be prophesied —
than last spring. It is true the weather
was a little backward, but bees in
warm hives with plenty of stores built
up rapidly, and when the fruit bloom
came they were ready for it, but alas,
where was the nectar ? and echo an-
swers, where ?

That, with the delicious fragrance
that is usually in company at this time,
failed to materialize, and empty bee-
hives then, and fruitless fruit trees
now. are the result. From the time of
fruit-bloom until about the I5th of
June, all vegetation seemed to stand
still, the weatlier was cool, and bees
with hives full of young bees and
brood consumed their stores and brood-
rearing ceased ; while those in a poorer
condition dwindled or died outright,
so that when white clover, blackber-
ries, raspberries, etc., all came on with

a rush, the Ijces were in no condition
to store a surplus.

Usually tile first ten days of clover
bloom produce but little honey ; this
year it yielded in abundance as a few
exceptional colonies demonstrated.
Then came a succession of dry hot
winds, never experienced in Michigan
before, and the white yield ended.

Our only hope for light colored
honey then was in the basswood ; the
trees were full of buds, and promised
wonderfully ; they opened from July 15
to 20, the hot winds continued, and
the beautiful cream colored blossoms
were turned brown in a single day —
the trees were odorless as the result of
the nectar failing to materialize. '

What next ? Well, there was a
large acreage of buckwheat sown, and
the fall bloom of asters, golden-rod,
etc., promised well ; surely this condi-
tion so adverse to the secretion of
nectar will pass over, and we shall
have one of those phenomenal fall
3'ields ; in the absence of white honey,
daric will bring a good price, and our
bees will go into winter quarters in
good condition for the hard winter we
should always prepare for. But the
same conditions continue, and our last
hope is crushed ; the most of us find
ourselves without honey to spread
upon our own bread, to say nothing of
honey to spread the bread of others.

What is the result ? Why, simply
honey is going to be appreciated as
never before, that for the next few
years it is going to bring good if not
fabulous prices, as will also bees in
the spring. Thousands of colonies
will be destroj'ed this fall, and thou-
sands more will, for lack of attention,
die before •• tlie roses bloom again,"
and to the bee-keeper who wears
"eternal vigilance" upon his brow,
this means money.

If 3'ou have not done so, the first
thing you do after reading this article,
go and look your bees over carefully,
and see that every colony has a queen
and 25 or 30 pounds of honey. If you
find some short, and j'ou cannot pos-
sibly aftbrd to buy stores for them,
select 2 colonies that have not the
requisite amount, and unite them by
removing half of the combs from the
colony containing the best queen,
leaving those containing the most
liouey ; spread them so that half of the
best combs from the other colony may
be alternated with the first, being
careful to destroy the inferior queen.

If your hives are not so arranged
that the bees can run in from the
ground, so arrange them, and then
shake the remaining bees from the
poorer combs all down together ; they
will run in, and there will be but little
if any quarreling.

Fremont, Mich.

712

'E'mm MMMMicjiif mmm jqwkkmi,.

BEE-CULTURE.

A(lTanlag;e$ to be Found in the
Keeping of Bees.

Read at the Texas Farmers'' Institute

BT MRS. SALLIE E. SHERMAN.

Did you ever think of it, why so
many farmers all over our country,
even here in our grand State of Texas,
make so many failures, and fail to
profit by past experience ? They go
plodding along with their heads down
year after year, farming "just as
father did " before them, without tak-
ing and reading good agricultural
papei's. or even reasoning and thinking
for themselves, and profiting by past
experience. This is an age of progress.
We must be up and at work — not alto-
gether with brawn and muscle, but
■with brain as well.

Too many think that they must num-
ber their acres in cultivation by the
hundred, and plant cotton almost to
the exclusion of everything else, in-
stead of having fewer acres well
diversified, and thoroughly cultivated,
putting onlj' the surplus in cotton.

Every farmer should have his nice
orchard, garden, and poultry yard,
with a few first-class cows, instead of
so much scrub-stock, and perhaps last,
but I will not say least, a few good
colonies of bees to supply his table
bountifully all the year with that
purest and best of sweets with which
God in His infinite wisdom has blessed
His creatures on earth. He has spread
out the carpet of beautiful flowers for
■us to feast our eyes upon — yea. He has
done more. He has given us the won-
derful honey-bee to gather the nectar
from those beautiful flowers, and store
it away in marvelouslj' constructed
cells of wax — not only enough for their
own use, but a generous supply for the
use of man. if properly and intelli-
gently cared for.

But the bee and its product, in the
eyes of a great many, are too small a
thing to attract their attention ; yet,
from one colony and its increase, with
the introduction of Italian queens, I
have in the last ten years sold many
thousands of pounds of honey, and
never have been without it during all
that time, after getting the first lot
from the first hive.

I use honey for preserving, making
jelly, jam, cake, etc. ; in fact. I only
have to buy sugar for cofi'ee.

Now suppose all the honey that is
secreted by the flowers in Texas was
saved and used by our people, do you
not think that there would be many a
glad little heart, and many rosj' little
cheeks that are now sallow and lan-
guid ? I now say without fear of suc-
cessful contradiction, that pure honey

is the most healthful sweet known to
man. then why let it go to waste ?
Why sit around mourning and com-
plaining of hai'd times ? Get up and
look around ; save that which is going
to waste ; for I assure you that you
will have plenty, and no more need of
complaining. Put your wits to work,
study and plan, and then work to
those plans. Never say, "I can't."
but instead say, "I'll try," and then
keep trying — never give up !

I'll tell you that there is often more
in the person, than in his surround-
ings. A small home, well cared for, is
much more desirable than a large one
botched over, and perhaps not all paid
for.

We should always aim to live within
our income. A pei'son with plentj' of
■'get up and git." and stick-to-ati ve-
ness. with a few colonies of bees can,
in a few years time, earn a good living
upon a verj' small plot of ground, es-
pecially If he will combine poultry-
raising (or sometliing of that kind)
with bee-keeping.

A gentleman with whom I have
dealt largelj- since I have been making
a specialty of bee-keeping, had one
colony of Italian bees in the city of
New York, merely for experimental
purposes at first. They, however, soon
increased to quite a number. He then
put them on top of a four story house
in the busy city, and kept them there
until they had increased to 100 colo-
nies. He then put them on board a
vessel, and sent them to Cuba.

Your own beautiful Williamson has
the proud record of being the banner
honey-producing county in our great
State, and in 1888 brought in the snug
sum of $10,437, which is a considerable
item in the people's purses ; especially
when we take into consideration the
small (and to a great many insignifi-
cant) insect that gathered the 128,053
pounds of honey that would without
their aid have been lost, and no one
been benefited thereby. Then, I say,
despise not small things, but rather
learn from them the beautiful lessons-
of industry and economy.

In 1888, at my quiet little home in
Salado. Bell county, my own 40 colo-
nies gave me, over and above an
abundant support for themselves, 6,000
pounds of honey, 100 pounds of wax,
and 20 colonies increase — making an
average of 150 pounds for each colony.
Every pound of the honey I handled
myself.

There are persons living here who
used to know me in my dyspeptic
(lays ; they say that I "used to look
like a bean-pole, but now more like a
mountain." My good health is due to
active out-door exercise, where I get
plenty of pure fresh air while working

with and amongst my bees, and to the
almost constant use of honey.

There is no doubt about honey being
one of the most healthful articles of
diet that we can use. A friend of mine,
a resident of this county, says that
when his family have plenty of honey
to eat, they are always healthy, and
never have any doctor's bills to pay.
When their honey gives out, they get
sick right away. He seems to think
that honey is a panacea for all the ills
to which his family are subject. He
carries a bottle of extracted honey in
his pocket, and drinks it occasionallj'
all through the ginning season, thus
clearing his throat and lungs of all
dust and lint with which they become
clogged. It may be well for others to
make a note of this, and be governed
accordingly.

Bees are not only valuable for the
honey and wax that they gather and
produce, but are also one of the farm-
ers' and horticulturists' very best
friends, in distributing pollen from
flower to flower, causing more perfect
fertilization and better fruit as a result
of their work in this line.

It is to be hoped, now that our gov-
ernor has been made president of the
A. and M. College, that he will at once
take steps to see that apiculture (bee-
culture) is not entirely ignored at
the College ; but that it shall have
the fostering care and attention that its
importance demands, which I contend
is almost, if not quite, co-equal with
agriculture and horticulture.
Salado, Texas.

BEES AND FRUIT.

The Fertilization of Plants by
Bees.

Report of US-Department of Agriculture

BY SAMUEL CUSHMAN.

" Apiphobia. — The people of Wen-
ham have voted that no bees shall be
kept in town the vote being di-
rected against an extensive bee-keeper
whose stock has been troublesome.
Some saj' the action of the town is of
doubtful constitutionality." — Boston
Journal, 1868.

" The good people of Wenham have
judged that bee-keeping and fruit-
raising are incompatible, and that bees
are a nuisance ! ! We also notice that
the bee-keeper ' whose stock has been
troublesome,' advertises in the Salein
Gazette, 'his farm for sale, consisting
of three-quarters of an acre of tillage
land containing from 75 to 100 pear
trees, beside apple trees. The pear
trees, in 1867, bore 30 bushels of choice
standard fruit.'

■ • Have we gone back to the days of
belief in witches and witchcraft ?

TMB- mmmMicKn m'Em jQiuRKait.

•13

"This disease, apiphobia as many
call it. has affected mankind before.
Among some of its attending symp-
toms are intense bigotry (sometimes
leading to much persecution) and an
unreasoning credulity, so that all sorts of
horrible stories regarding these ento-
mological monsters are eagerly be-
lieved. A little knowledge of Natural
History is really the onl}- antidote yet
discovered against this fell disease." —
Prof. A. S. Packard, Entomologist {now
of Brown University) in American Nat-
uralist, 1869.

"ARE BEES INJURIOUS TO FRUIT ?"

' ' All the evidence given by botanists
and zoologists who have specially
studied the subject, shows that bees
improve the quality and tend to in-
crease the quantity of fruit. They aid
the fertilization of flowers, and thus
render the production of sound and
well-developed fruit more sure. Many
botanists-think if it were not for bees
and other insects, many plants would
not fruit at all. What is the use of
honey ? The best observers will tell
you it is secreted by the plant for the
very purpose of attracting bees to the
flowers or fruit. If all the bees were
to be destroyed. I for one. a farmer,
would prefer to go into some other
business.

"Farmers know too well the injury
various insects do ; it is more difiicult
to determine the good done by hosts
of beneficial insects. I believe every
intelligent bee-keeper and naturalist
will assent to the truth of the above
remarks." — Prof . Packard in ''Ameri-
can Naturalist,'''' 1869.

" Bees Ds. Fruit.— It is high time,
we may add. that the Peabody Acad-
emy of Science were in full operation
in Essex county when one of its towns
voted to abate the nuisance of bees, on
the ground that thev are injurious to
fruit."

" As to the nectar of the i-ed clover
being out of reach of the honey-bee.
it may be asked whether this be the
case with the second crop, in which
the flowers are generally rather smaller.
The much better seed of the second
crop is thought to be owing to the
greater abundance of bumble-bees in
the latter part of summer." — Prof.
Gray, in ■■ American Naturalist,''^ 1869.
page 160.

The Professor of Botany, Brown
University, W. W. Bailey, says he
" has no doubt of the great value of
bees in the fertilization of fruit and
other crops."

That bees work on over-ripe or
bruised peaches, pears, raspberries
and grapes when no honey can be
found, is admitted. Where such fruit
is of value, can be saved and dried or
canned, there might be some loss if

left exposed where there are large
numbers of both wasps and bees near.
The housewife saves apples from
further decay for a time, by cutting
out the soft spots ; may not bees do the
same in some cases by removing the
free juice from the soft and bruised
parts of the fruit ?

It is noticeable that peaches and
other fruits decay most in wet seasons,
and these seasons are usually the ones
when most complaint is made against
bees. Prof. MeLain found that grapes
huug in a hive of starving bees kept
longer than tliose left on the vines.^ —
Page 338. Agricultural Beport. 1885.

Fruit juice is a source of disease to
bees, and if secured in any quantity is
liable to cause tlie loss of the colony in
winter. It is for the interest of all
bee-keepers to exclude such stores
from the hives.

the testimonies op a few practical
growers in our state

might be of use here.

Mr. James A. Budlong. of Cranston,
has grown cucumbers as a specialty for
40 years, and is of the firm of James
A. Budlong & Son. the largest market
gardeners in the State, if not in New
England, especially as growers of cu-
cumbers and pickle stock. He says.
he would as soon try to raise a crop of
cucumbers without water and manure,
as without bees, in a closed green-
house. Without them there would be
no crop, they all run to vines, and the
blossoms and small cucumbers drop
ofl". With open windows he would ex-
pect part of a crop. He always places
hives of bees in the greenhouses when
the vines blossom. Furthermore, he
says, for out-door crops, such as cu-
cumbers, squashes, pumpkins, etc., he
considers bees necessary though the
wind does some of the work. A large
apiary near by would not be un-
welcome.

The greenhouse and garden products
of Dexter Asylum, Providence, are
probably next in extent to that of the
Budlong Farm. Mr. F. B. Emmons,
the one in charge of this work says he
would get no cucumbers in green-
houses without bees. He thinks they
are also of use in raising early melons.
He has noticed that melons under hot-
beds drop off until glass is removed or
raised, also that squashes yield better
since bees have been plenty about
there. In his opinion they do not hurt
fruit that is good for anything, though
at times they work on pears, peaches,
etc.. that are soft. He believes wasps
cut the fruit. He has noticed after
very hard winters that there is hardly
a bumble-bee to be seen, though sev-
eral years later they will be plenty.
Thinks if bees were more plenty
through the State the farmers would

be the gainers. On a stand built in a
small walled-iu garden patch were
several hives of bees that had been of
service in llic greenhouse early in the
spring.

Isaac Hazard & Son, South street.
Providence, raise cucumbers under
glass to quite an extent, and inform us
that they find it necessarj* to have a
hive of bees where they can visit blos-
soms in order to get a paying crop.

Mr. N. D. Pearce, of Norwood, is
pi'obably the largest grower of peaches
in the State. He marketed 500 baskets
of peaches the past season, and would
have sold 2,000 if the wet season had
not spoiled most of the crop. He does
not consider bees his enemies, though
they often work on peaches unfit for
market. As to their importance in
fertilizing tlie peach bloom, or insuring
a crop, he could not give any decided
opinion from observation.

Mr. F. H. Perry, the Providence
preserver of fruits in glass, and who
also grows and exhibits grapes, said
his grapes at one time were cracked
and covered with bees, which were suck-
ing the juice, and he gave them the
blame, but having seen it in print that
honey-bees do not cut or injure sound
fruit, he noticed more particularly, and
found a yellow striped insect, two-
thirds the size of the honey-bee. which
might be the party doing the work,
though bees were most plenty. Some-
thing punctured the grapes.

Robert Cushman, of Pawtucket, a
prominent grower and exhibitor of
diflerent varieties of fruit, and es-
pecially grapes and pears, sajs he
knows honey-bees work on cracked
grapes and over-ripe peaches and
pears, but says, "whether they ever
break the sound skin of pears, peaches
or grapes, I have no knowledge."

The Lewis Dexter Farm, near Lime
Rock, has produced for many years,
if it does not now produce, the great-
est quantity and variety of pears for
market, of any farm in the State, and
it is a significant fact that in Mr. Dex-
ter's daj', and also while Mr. Plew
(formerly Mr. Dexter's gardener),
owned it. a half dozen or more hives
of bees were a part of the live stock of
the place.

The decision of the Supreme Court
of Arkansas is. that bee-keeping is a
legitimate business, and is not a nui-
sance, and that the citj' ordinance
against bee-keeping in Arkadelphia is
illegal and void. (June. 1889.) Some
of the points in the defense of Judge
Williams, who won the case before the
court, may be summed up as follows :

Because people are afraid of bees,
they are not a nuisance. They are no
more liable to sting people than horses
are to kick, or an ox to gore them, and
no more of a nuisance than cows.

714

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fc*^*^*^*^*^

horses, dogs and eats, and should have
eriiial rights with them.

If because bees may sting they may
be prohibited, then because cows ma)-
gore, dogs annoy the sensitive, by
barking or biting, or running mad, we
■will also proliibit tliem.

Because veliicles may annoy by rais-
ing dust, or maliing a noise, or ani-
mals maj' run away in harness, we
prohibit- them. No such power is
necessary, or given to Legislators or
municipal bodies. Bees are property,
and entitled to protection.

CONCLUSION.

We believe, and have endeavored to
show, that bee-keeping is of sufficient
importance to deserve the encourage-
ment and protection of the State,

That bees are of great service to
growers of various crops, as well as
profitable to their keepers for their
honey and wax.

That honey-bees do not injure sound
fruit, and that the damage done to un-
sound fruit must be comparatively
light.

That to prohibit bee-keeping is uu-
•constitutional. and that no one need
refrain from keeping them on account
of opposition due to ignorance, fear,
jealousy, or the ill-will of their neigh-
bors (though all reasonable precaution
should be taken to prevent annoj-ance
or accident).

That this prejudice against bees is
sure to give way to public opinion in
their favor.

That a widespread knowledge of
bee-keeping would increase the pro-
ducts of the State.

Kingston, R, I.

GERMANY.

Its L.aiv8 on Apiculture — Pro-
gr<es§ in Bee-Culture.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY REV, STEPHEN ROESE.

Quite a number of German inde-
pendent States have enacted laws for
the protection of apiculture, thus aid-
ing bee-associations by a certain stip-
ulation, with the expectation that api-
culture may keep pace with science
and art, as a national industry. With
this object in view, the question was
presented to the ;-)4th Wanderversam-
lung of the German Austro-Hungarian
Bee-Association, at Regensburg, viz :
How can bee-keeping be advanced to
an important branch of industry ?

Herr Roth, of Foerch (Baden), re-
lieved his mind on this subject with a
powerful appeal to the Assembly and
German people. He stated, among
other facts, that the various govern-
ments of Germany had taken decided

steps for the advancement of horticul-
ture, establishing nurseries all over
the land, and the blessing of such in-
stitutions had brought industry among
the people, and hajipiness to manj'
hearts ; and that apiculture was crying
aloud for help and aid in this enlight-
ened age of the world, to be permitted
to keep pace with other branches of
industry, promising a bountiful har-
vest to both stores and medical depart-
ments.

It is true, we have literature on api-
culture for the advancement of this
art, both theoretical and technical,
among the country people, but these
are insufficient to serve as a lever to
lift this art and industry above the
mire and sunken conditions, caused by
low prices of honey and wax, winter
losses, and spring dwindling.

The present age of the world, with
its changeful atmosphere and climate,
reciuires both theory and practice. If
nurseries have the desired effect to
improve fruit products, no less would
nurseries in apiculture show to the
public its golden fruits in food and
medicine. Bee-keeping should be
made a branch of study in our com-
mon schools — both boys and girls
should understand the nature of the
honey-bee. and its object of being
called into existence by an All-Wise
Creator, and the theoretical knowledge
of the government in the hive would
make early impressions, and lay a
foundation in favor of law and order
in many a youthful mind, and the
proverb, "Go, thou sluggard, behold
the industry of the ant, and learn,"
would leave lasting impressions in the
minds of the rising generations through
life.

The eloquent speeches of presidents
of bee-associations are often vvoi'thy of
admiration, and the essays and pointed
instructions are highly appreciated by
intelligent men and women. A Lang-
stroth is reverenced for what he has
done for the cause, and should have a
place in the heart of every bee-keeper
of the day, and not be in want, so
.near to his departure from among us.
A Doolittle is admired for inventing
a new method of queen-rearing and
fertilizing ; and a Root is looked up to,
for making and giving to the bee-
world many simple things. The ad-
vancing cause of apiculture is giving
birth to numerous wide-awake periodi-
cals, equally zealous for the one great
truth, which so deeply impressed the
mind of Aristotle — that apiculture
must move onward ; and the American
Bee Journal is leaving no blank
space, in its onward course, aiding
in the elevation of our common cause,
encouraging that which is honorable
and true, and exposing deceptions,
frauds, and lies.

But all this well-doing does not fill
the bill. Bee-keepers, both male and
female, you must raise your standard.
With whom you come in contact speak
a word to all for the cause, be it in sea-
son or out of season, and by all means
think it worth while to answer even a
foolish question of a child or youth.
Early impressions are lasting. Many
of the great men in the bee-ranks
deeply regret that they did not have a
glimpse into this honest industry in
the days of their youth. What a power
they would have been to the cause
now; but, as the saying is, "It is
better late then never," and " In union
there is strength," A united eifort of
our experienced bee-keepers will Uave
the tendency to make our periodicals
instructive, spicy and palatable ; a
seasonable hint from experts in the
cause, will aid digestion ; and the re-
sult will be prosperity and success, and
on lifting the curtain and looking
about us, no horrible monster, killing
the cow to get the milk, like the late
Huber says, will come to our view.

Maiden Rock, Wis,

WHITE HONEY.

Wli}' Honey is Whiter than that
of a Few Years Ago.

Written for the Cincinnati Grocer

BY CHARLES F. MUTH,

Honey is one of Nature's purest
sweets, valuable both as food and
medicine. However, it is appreciated
by few, comparative!)-, because not
yet understood. The source from
which it is derived, determines its
quality. It is not generally known
that certain flowers only furnish honey,
and that difiFerent ones furnish differ-
ent qualities, differing in color and
flavor, and tendency to granulate.
While the linden or basswood honey
of the Northwest commences to granu-
late in September, or at the approach
of cold weather, and has formed a
solid granulation, making it as solid
as leaf lard a few months afterwards,
it requires a month or two longer for
clover honey to assume the same
solidity. Some qualities of Southern
honey, and some of California, require
a year or two before granulation is
complete.

The granulation of honey is natural
to the product, and no deterioration
whatever. Flavor and value in every
resjject remains the same. Experts and
judges of honey generally prefer it
granulated, while the uninitiated, or
parties unacquainted with its nature,
suspicion adulteration as soon as their
jar of honey begins to show a solid
OTanulation.

THE jSMERicsr* mmm journal.

715

■■ * -^ * ■*• * ■'

The lack of knowledge of this mat-
tor has been as great a source of
trouble to the dealer in his endeavor
to convince his customer of the purity
of hone3^ as the variety of qualities.
The taste of the public as well as that
of the individual is cultivated to a cer-
tain quality of honey as well as to a
certain quality of tea or coflee.

For instance : you may give the best
Java cotFee to a lover of Rio, and he
will pronounce it "off" until ho is
used to the Java flavor. The same is
the case with honey, and is illustrated
by the following : Sometime last win-
ter, we sent a keg of honey to the
Superintendent of some public institu-
tion in Tennessee. ,It was a mixture
of clover and linden honey, and con-
sidered by us one of the finest qualities
in the world. When remitting, our
friend remarked about as follows :

■• What you have sent us is certainly
a fine article — it is too fine to be nat-
ural honey. I shall not believe it to
be genuine. The color of genuine
honey is brown, and its flavor is not
quite as tine as that of the honej- you
sent us."

Modern improvements, such as the
inventions of movable frames, comb
foundation, and the honey extractor,
have produced a s3-stem for bee-keep-
ing, and enabled the bee-keeper not
onlj- to exceed all former results as to
quantity of the product, but also as to
quality. He can keep separate almost
all the principal qualities of honey
from the difl'erent honej'-yielding flow-
ers as they develop in their turn and
are made use of by bees. The process
is simple to the intelligent bee-keeper,
who must be acquainted with the
honey-flora of his neighborhood, and the
time of blooming.

In the southern part of Ohio, for in-
stance, the principal honey yielding
flowers are : the fruit blossoms during
the latter part of April and the begin-
ning of May, the locust blossom dur-
ing the latter part of May, and the
■white clover during the month of
June. This ends our hone}- season.
Buckwheat, golden-rod, smart-weed,
and other fall blossoms do not yield
much in our latitude, but afl'ord a
large additional amount to the bee-
keepers a few hundred miles further
north.

The apple-bloom furnishes a very
fine honey of a light brown color. The
aroma of the apple-blossom cannot be
mistaken. When late frosts of spring,
during several years of our experience,
had killed all peach-bloom, we learned
that peach-blossoms yield a better nec-
tar, consequentlj' there will be no fine
Iruit blossom honey when peach trees
are in bloom.

Locust is, perhaps, the finest of all
honeys with the scent and flavor of the |

locust blossom, and a color of a rich
golden yellow. The early season,
however, with its inclement weather
d-uriug the six or eight days of the
locust bloom, prevent a regular
harvest.

The only source we can depend upon
in Southern Ohio, the season permit-
ting, is the M'hite clover bloom, the
quality of its honey is appreciated bj-
evcrybodj-, and needs no further de-
scription.

The poplar tree (American tulip)
blooms in more northern latitudes,
just before the white clover commences
to yield, and furnishes a rich, light
brown colored honey of very pleasant
flavor. If not extracted from the
combs before the clover harvest be-
gins, then the color of the light clover
houey is darkened by its predecessor
from the tulip tree. Here, also the
linden or basswood tree begins to
bloom just about at the time when the
white clover ceases to yield, and the
first extractings are generally a mix-
ture of clover and linden honej", both
being of light color, and pleasant
flavor, the mixture is appreciated by
most parties as tine table honey.

It is estimated that bees must con-
sume 30 to 40 pounds of honey to
manufacture one pound of wax. This
sweats out, in tiny little scales, be-
tween the segments of their bodies,
which the bees take, one from the
other, for the forming of their combs.
By supplying a colony with sheets of
pure beeswax, rolled down as thin as
natural combs, and with the impres-
sion of the cells on each side of the
sheet, a great deal of honej' and labor
is saved the bees. They show their
gratefulness b}- proceeding at once to
finish these wax sheets, work out the
impressions and form regular cells in
which to rear their brood or store
their surplus honey as the case may be.

These sheets of pure beeswax (comb
foundation) are fastened under the
top-bars of the frames which are sus-
pended in the hive ; they are accepted
by the bees and finished ; regular
hone3'-combs can be taken out of the
hive as often as they are filled, emptied
of their contents bj- means of the
honey extractor, and returned to the
hive to be filled up again, .as long as
the season lasts, and during every suc-
cessive season for years afterwards.

The movable frame is the invention
of Father Langstroth, formerlj* of Ox-
ford, but now of Dayton, Ohio. Comb
foundation and the honey extractor
are German inventions.

Cincinnati, Ohio.

cosrvENTioar directory.

1890. TJTne aiid place of meeting.

Oct. 29-31.— InternHtional American, at Keokuk, la.
C. P. DadaDt. tfec, Hamilton, Uls.

Oct. 30.— Turltey Hill, at Wilderman's sta.. lUt.

A. Fehr, Sec, Belleville, Ills.
1891.
Jan. 1,2.— Michigan State, at Detroit. Mich.

U. D. Cutting. Sec, Clititon, Mich.

May 7.— Susquehanna County, at Montrose. Pa,

U. M. Sceley, Sec, Hartord, Pa.

St^" In order to have this talile complete.
Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — The Editor.

International Bee-Association.

President— Hon. R. L. Taylor.. Lapeer, Mich,
Secretakv— C. P. Dadant Hamilton, Ills,

National Bee-Keepers' Union.

President— James Heddon ..Dowagiac, Mich.
Sec'v and Manager— T. G. Newman. Chicago.

%!iM''

^lakin;;' a Simple llaiiiniock.

An item on page 811 of the American
Bee Journal for 1889, about a Christmas
table, was helpful to us, and we adopted
and enjoyed it. The new idea gave great
pleasure to the younger ones, and but little
trouble to their elders. In return, I would
like to give the readers a picture of my
hammock. It is not original with me, but
is just as good as if it were. It is made of
barrel-staves and four pieces of smooth
fence -wire each 13 feet long — just a little
bridge with the wire suspension at each
side, woven over and under each alter-
nate stave at the ends. My little eleven-
year old son made one in half an hour, with
a little of my help. We like them better
than the netting hammocks. Hang it
near the bee-yard, aud you will be sur-
prised at the help you will get watching
bees. Mrs. B. J, Livingston.

Center Chain, Minn, •

Xliose tVlio Have any honey to
dispose of should use the Honey Almanac
as a salesman. We have a few left for this
year, and offer them at half price. See
page 719 of this paper.

Specimens qt' Asters.

You will find enclosed two specimens of
fall flowers — the one white, the other blue.
What are they ; Some say they are asters,
while some say they are not. Please reply
through the American Bee Journal.

Somerdale, O. C. E. McCreery.

[The lighter colored of the two is aster
tradcscaiiti, and the other is also an aster
called Mexican purple, Cosmos bipinnatus.
Both are excellent honey-producers.— Ed.]

Bee-Keepinar in ^^ebraska.

Our honey crop in this part of Nebraska
is short, very few having taken any honey,
though all the bees have enough to live on
through the winter. I have 90 colonies,
and only about 550 pounds of extracted
honey from about 30 colonies : the rest I
worked for comb honey, and used mostly
drawn combs in the supers, with baits in
every case, and I faOed to get but one 28-
section crate from the 70 colonies, so I am
convinced that for this market it pays
much better to produce extracted honey,
for I think I can produce 3 pounds of ex-
tracted where I can get one pound of comb

716

Ttrnm JEMEmicMK m-mm ji©^MM.Mi^.

'■*-^*^*-^* ■*\j

honey. Then I sell all I produce at home,
at from 13 to 15 cents, while comb honey
is slow sale at 20 cents a section, which
seldom weighs a pound, and for this rea-
son I induce my customers to buy 'the ex-
tracted, showing them that they get full
weight, while with comb honey they get
only 14 to 15 ounces, including comb, box
and all. At this time I have only about
250 pounds left. Last season I sold all I
had, and had to send to Iowa to get some
for the trade ; it was beautiful white
clover honey, but was put up in a burnt-
out whisky barrel, and it candied, and cus-
tomers were afraid it was sugar, lard, or
something else, but when they tested it,
they invariably took some, and it was soon
gone. Bees are all in good condition for
winter, and are wintered in all ways — in
chaff hives, out-doors, and also some Sim-
plicitj' hives ; then others in cellars ; but
for this latitude I prefer the cellar for win-
tering. There is scarcely any honey on the
mark^, of any kind. I seldom place any
of mine on sale in stores, only on special
orders, and allow none sold for less than 15
cents per pound. This season I use the one
quart Mason jars. R. R. Ryan.

Bradshaw, Nebr., Oct. 11, 1890.

had both the past summer, but not at the
same time ; hence our short honey-flow
came, not when the air dried off and before
the earth also became dry and hard. There
is no late honey here, although the bees
worked very late. Some have not enough
for winter.

Taking Mr. Dadant's advice, I experi-
mented somewhat with large hives this
summer, and though the season was not
favorable for the experiment, still I think
they will prove a success. I winter my
bees in the cellar, and have had no loss, ex-
cept one colony, and that was caused by a
mouse.

I think that Prof. Cook will have to
admit, some day, that bees do " boil
down" the contents of their honey-sacs
''on the fly," whenever necessary.

J. H. Stark.

Waukon, Iowa, Oct. 10, 1890.

is to be sown and harrowed in, providing
the ground is clean.

I commenced the season of 1890 with 40
colonies of bees in good condition, increased
them to 55 full colonies, and doubled back
to 50 colonies. I took off 150 pounds of
comb honey, and fed 160 pounds of granu-
lated sugar syrup. About half of the colo-
nies gathered enough natural stores to
winter on, and the other half I fed each
from 3 to 18 pounds of syrup. My neigh-
bors often ask me why the bees did so
poorly this season. The best answer that
I can give, is that the flowers furnished no
nectar worth speaking of. To sum the
business up, it is just a little discouraging,
but as I have about S300 in bees and hives,
I will stick to bee-keeping until I find just
what there is in it by experience, before I
drop it. C. A. Bunch.

Nye, Ind., Oct. 13, 1890.

Past X«"o Seassons" Re!«iill!!j.

I commenced the season of 1889 with 71
colonies of bees in fair condition, Imt the
latter part of May and first part of June
about half of the colouies dwindled down
to one quart, and some to about one hand-
ful of bees. But just as soon as warm
weather began, they recruited right up. I
worked 18 colonies for comb honey, and
53 for extracted, and secured 1,723 pounds
of comb honey, and 8,635 pounds of ex-
tracted, beside 90 Langstroth frames of
good, sealed honey.

In the spring of 1890 I took out of the
cellar 90 colonies alive, which were put
into the cellar Nov. 19,1889. By doub-
ling up, on account of queenlessness and
spring dwindling, I had 75 colonies left.
I worked 83 colonies for comb honey, and
52 for extracted, and obtained 79 pounds
of comb honey, and 1,100 pounds of ex-
tracted honey, and increased them, by
natural swarming, to 91 colonies, and each
colony has from 25 to 40 pounds of good
honey to carry them through the winter.
, This was the poorest season we have had
here since I commenced keeping bees in
1866. Wm. Seitz.

Hustisford, Wis., Oct. 6, 1890.

Untavoi-able Season tor Uees.

The bees did not get much honey the past
season on account of the dry weather, and
now, while they might be getting a fall
crop, it rains all the time. Honey sells for
12i.< cents per pound here.

B. E. Brown.

Prairie du Chien, Wis., Oct. 12, 1890.

Sea»>on's Kesiiilts Tvilli Itees.

During the present season I obtained 85
gallons of extracted honey, and 580
pounds of comb honey from 23 colonies in
the spring, besides increasing them to 43
colonies. The honey is all sold except 60
pounds of comb honey. The extracted sold
at 75 cents per gallon, and comb honey at
12' r cents per pound. John D.wis.

Birds, Ills., Oct. 11, 1890.

Honey Crop in lotva.

The honey crop here, as elsewhere, was
almost an entire failure. There is no comb
honey, and very little extracted ; still, by
careful management, I secured 42 gallons
of extracted honey from 3 colonies, spring
count, and 2 colonies increase by dividing.
The honey is the finest I have ever had or
seen. Last year 5 colonies, spring count,
produced 130 gallons of extracted honey,
and 1 2 natural swarms. This county is
certainly very rich in honey, being high
and dry, and large pastures. This year
flowers were as abundant as ever, and the
weather was favorable enough most of the
time in July and August for bees to be out
and at work, but there was no honey. In
the forepart of the season the air was too
damp ; in the latter part, the ground was
too dry. At first, not enough sap would
evaporate to leave a large residue of nec-
tar, and later on not enough sap would
circulate. I do not believe, as so often
stated, that heat consumes any nectar in
the flowers, nor do flowers ever contain
nectar before they open. A moist soil and
dry, warm air are the most favorable con-
ditions for producing a honey-flow. We

Results of the Past Season.

I started in the spring of 1890 with 40
colonies, all in good condition. The spring
opened well, and the prospects were good
in April, but May was cold and windy,
June was too wet, and July was a total
failure. August was the month for winter
stores. My bees are in good condition for
winter — better than I expected they would
be. I had 14 swarms from 40 colonies ; I
divided 3 colonies, and that made 57 colo-
nies in all. I obtained only 222 pounds of
honey this year from 57 colonies. Those
that winter there bees this winter will
make something next year. This year will
wipe out the fogy bee-keepers. My last
year's crop was 1,500 pounds from 43
colonies. C. A. Goodell.

Mankato, Minn., Oct. 8, 1890.

Ilnntins: IVild Uees.

Take good honey and a glass tumbler ;
go to where the bees work on the flowers,
capture one in the tumbler, and cut a thin
slice of honey, which lay on a strip of
board or flat stone. Now turn the tumbler
upside down, over the honey with the bee
in. Place your hat over the tumbler until
the bee is at work at the honey, then take
the hat and tumbler away quietly, so as
not to excite the bee ; wait until the first
bee has filled herself. If the tree is not
over one mile away, the bees will return in
20 minutes, if not windy. When the bees
begin to come in numbers, then mix the
honey with water, but not too thin. If the
tree is not more than I4 of a mile away,
the bees will return in 10 or 12 minutes,
so you can know how far away to hunt. If
two miles away, the bees will stay over an
hour, if they return at all. I have tested
this plan thoroughly. D. D. Johnson.
Summit Mills, Pa.

Japanese Hucb wheat, etc.

I had the Japanese and common buck-
wheat growing side by side, and found the
bees working just the same on one kind as
on the other. On marsh land, here on my
place, the Japanese buckwheat stood up
nice and straight, while .the common was
badly lodged. I shall keep the Japanese
only for seed next year.

In this part of the country buckwheat is
not generally considered a paying crop,
but I have found it otherwise. For profit
the ground must be well plowed with a
breaking plow ; next, well harrowed, and
sown from ^.: to ",' bushel per acre. The
ground should have the same culture that
a thrifty farmer would give wheat ground,
and sown about June 20. If these rules
are complied with, there will not be so
many disgusted with growing it. Corn-
fields that have been destroyed with wii-e-
worms, are best for the crop— only the seed

My Experience in Bee-Keeping.

I bought 5 colonies of bees one year ago
in August, and made boxes for wintering 8
inches larger than the hive, almost water-
proof. In the front I had an opening for
the bees to get out, and in the space around
the hive I put clover chaff. In March I fed
the bees 35 pounds of granulated sugar
syrup, right on top of the brood-combs, re-
moving the pillow, and packed with rags.
By the middle of May the hives were run-
ning over with bees, so that I hardly kne%v
what to do. Soon the apple bloom came,
and the wet and cold weather set in— poor
little bees, how hard they seemed to work,
but all in vain. They got some honey, then
they commenced to swarm in June. I had
5 swarms, which I secured, and one went
to the woods. I got 80 pounds of comb
honey from clover. The 5 colonies have a
nice lot of honey for winter— one has 18
Langstroth frames full. The old colonies
are in good condition for winter, already
packed as stated before. Jacob Moore.
Ionia, Mich., Oct. 13, 1890.

All Who Subscribe for the Ameri-
can Bee Journal can hereafter have our
Illustrated Home Journal also, from the
time their subscriptions are received to
Jan. 1. 1892— both papers for only Sil. 35.
We can also furnish Oleaninrjs in Bec-
CulUire for same time with the above, for
$3.15 for all three periodicals This is an
offer that should be accepted by all who
keep bees, and desire the regular visits of
these standard publications— all three pe
riodicals from now to Jan. 1, 1892, for the
price named.

THE; JffiMERIC^EN: ]3EE JOURNSIL.

717

'lOA!^..^^

BUSINESS MANAGER.

SZZZZZSZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZXXZXZZZZZ]

business Notices.

' Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should notify us at once.

It^" Send us one new subscription, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

■ Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, with name and addi-ess printed.
Sample free.

^ lt^~ Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office tit 35 cents per ounce, by express.

^W" Send us two new subscriptions, with
$2.00, and we will present you with a
" Globe " Bee-Veil for your trouble. (See
the fsller notice in the advertising col-
umns.)

IW The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which j-ou have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

' Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Joukxal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

E^- Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jouk-
NAL at -SI. 85 for the two: or with both our
Home Joi'kxal and Bee Jolunaj, for S2.ao
for all three papers.

'As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write American Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

■ Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices ;

For .50 colonies (120 pages) $100

" 100 colonies (2'20 pages) 123

" 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

B^^When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Joukxal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

JI^" A "Binder" made especially for
the Amekic'ax Bee Joukxal, and lettered
in gold, makes a very convenient way of
preserving the copies of the Bee Joukxal
as fast as they are received. We offer it,
postpaid, for 60 cents ; or as a premium for
two new subscriptions, with -$2.00. It can-
not be mailed to Canada.'

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

DENVER, Oct. 13.— We quote: l-lhs., Ili-st
STiidc. l(i(»)18c. E.tiraeted, 7(3i8c. UeeswH.v,
20(a2.ic.

J. M. CLARK COM. CO.. 1517 Blako St.

BOSTON, Oct. 9.— Market is strong at 17(^18
cts. for white 1-lbs. ; white 3-lbs., Iij(ai7 cents.
Kxtracl.eii. 7!4®8e. No beeswii.x on li:i,n<l.
BLAKE & KIPLEY, 57 Chatham Slieet.

DETROIT, Oct. l.'J.-No white honey iu the
market; dark or tall honey sells at 14®H5c.—
Extracted, 7(«i8c. Beeswax, 27@28c.

M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch. Mich.

NEW YORK, Oct. 13.— We quote: Fancy 1-
Ibs., white, 17(318c. ; 2-lbs., white, 14@l.")c.
Ofif grades. 1-lbs., 14®15c.: 2-lbs.. 12(!Sl3c.
Buckwheat, 1-lbs., lifiilSc.: "i-lbs., 10®llc.—
Extracted, white clover and basswood, 8(«)!)c.;
buckwheat, 6@7c.; California, 6H®7;4 cents;
Southern, 63(3i70c. per gallon. Demand good.
HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
28-30 West Broadway.

MILWAUKEE, Oct. 11.— Market is in good
condition for houe.v; demand is steady and
good vahies maintained, while the supply is
fair to meet the current demands. We quote:
Choice white 1-lbs., 17@18c. : good white 1-lbs.
16@17c. Dark aud old 1-lbs., 10@12c. Ex-
tracted, white in barrels, 8i/2®9c.; in kegs or
tin, 9®9'^e. ; dark, in barrels or kegs, 6@7c.—
Beeswax, 36@30c.

A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.

CHICAGO, Oct. 11.— Best grades of honev
sell at 17®18c. For brown and dark in uri-
cleaned sections there is a light demand, the
prices having to be shaded to meet the views
of the tew buyers there are for that grade. —
Extracted, steady at 7(S8c.— demand is good.
Beeswax, 27®28c.

R. A. BURNETT, 161 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, Oct. 8.— We quote: White 1-
Ibs., 16@18c.: dark. 12@14c. Receipts are
light. We have received several carloads from
California, ot comb and extracted— 1-lbs. we
quote at the same price as native. We quote
white 2-lbs. at 15®lfic. ; Extra C. and C. at 14
®15c. Extracted, Uf^ 7c. Beeswax, 25c.
CLEMONS. MASON & CO.,

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

CHICAGO, Oct. 11. — New honey arriving
very slowly, demand active, and all receipts
are taken pmmptlv. We quote: White clover
1-lbs., l(i®18c.; 2-lhs., 14@15c.; dark l-Ibs.,
ll@12c; 2-lbs., 9@10c. Extracted meets with
quick sale, values ranging from 6',4®7'/4 cts.,
depending uiJon quality and style of package.
Beeswax, 28®,30c.

S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.

ALBANY, (N.Y.), Oct. 14. -The market is in
better shape than for several j-ears, receipts
.are moderate, and demand is good. Buyers
realize that the cnq> is short, but as sugars,
syrups, aud other sweets are cheap, caution
should be used against getting honey above
free consumptiou price. We are selling white
extra. 18@20c.: medium white, 15®16c. Me-
dium, 14®1.5c. ; dark, 1.3@14c. Extracted—
white, 9® 10c. : amber, 7@8c.: dark, 7(5'7V2C.
H. R. WRIGHT, 326 to 330 Broadway.

CINCINNATI, Oct. 18.— The demand for ex-
tracted honey is good, with almost no dark on
the market. We have bought the second car-
load of California honey, for which there is a
good trade; but it will not fill the place of
Southeru honey with many manufacturers.
Extracted honey brings 5'/4®8 cents a pound.
There is no comb honey in our market.

Beeswax is in good demand at 24@26c.. for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH & SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

I^ew Subscribers can have the Bee
Joukxal and the Illustrated Home Jouk-
xal from now until the end of 1891 for
$1.35. This is a rare opportunity of club-
bing two valuable periodicals for a slight
advance upon the price of one, and getting
the rest of this yi-'ar free.

A \m MM of IVciiliiig \)mm.

HOSPITAL REMEDIES.

What are they ; There is a new departure
in the treatment of disease. It consists in
the collection of the specifics used ijy noted
specialists ot Europe and America, and
bringing them within the reach of all. For
instance, the treatment pursued by special
physicians who treat indigestion, 'stomach
and liver troubles only, was obtained and
prepared. The treatment of other physi-
cians, celebrated for curing catarrh, was
procured, and so on till these incomparable
cures now include disease of the lungs,
kidneys, female weakness, rheumatism and
nervous debility.

This new method of "one remedy for one
disease " must appeal to the common-sense
of all sufferers, many of whom have experi-
enced the ill effects, and thoroughly realize
the absurdity of the claims of Patent
Medicines which are guaranteed to cure
every ill out of a single bottle, and the use
of which, as statistics prove, has ruined
more stomachs tJian alcohol. A circular
describing these new remedies is sent free
on receipt of stamp to pay postage, by
Hospital Remedy Company, Toronto, Can-
ada, sole proprietors.

51D26t Imly.

Tlie "Farm-Poultry'" is a 20 page
monthly, published in Boston at 50 cents
per year. It is issued with a colored cover
and is finely illustrated throughout.

We have arranged to club the American
Bee Joukxal with the Farm-Poultry at
81.35 per year for the two. Or with the
Illustrated Ho.me Joukxal at .51.75 for
the three.

^ducvtiscmcuts.

For Sale !

25,000 pounds of the
very Finest COMB
HONEV, in scant 1-
Ib. Sections, put up in
, , ,. white Basswood Cases

holdmg 12 Sections— glass on one side of the
Cases, showing off the honey nicely. A very
fancy lot. The price is 20 cents per itound
on board the cars here. Who wants the lot ?

L. W. BALDWIN & SON,

40Atf INDEPENDENCE, MO.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

GROUND CORK

FOR

Packing Bees for Winter.

THIS consists of small pieces about the
size ot a pea, and is an excellent thing for
packing Bees in winter. Prices : In original
packages of 100 pounds, $4.00, measuring 14
bushels.; smaller quantities. 10 cents per lb.;
or a seamless sack,. containing 15 lbs., Sl.OO.

THOMAS G. NEWMAN Sc SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

NOTICE!

Our entire business has been Removed to
BEVERLY, MASS.

Address all Letters to E. L. PRATT. Pratt Bee
Farm. Beverly, Mass. (formerly Marlboro,Mass)
3A42t

718

TMm ffiBdEKicMif mmm j@^Mif.Mi^.

'^-*-**-*'*-**--**--*-*

Till Pails for Honey.

THESE Pails liflve full covers, and are excellent
tor selling Honey in the Home Market: and
after the Honey gra'nuhites in them, it can be
shipped anywbere with perfect safety. All sizes
have a bail, or handle, and when empty are useful
in every household.

The engraving shows STRAIGHT
TIN PAlLS. uf which there are 3 sizes,
holding respectively 3, 5 and in lbs. of
Honey. Assorted Samples of the 3
I sizes will be sent by express for 4U cts.
lu quantities, the prices are :

Per doz. Per 100
Gallon, ..holds 10 lbs ..$1.80.... $12.00
i^-Gallon, holds 5 lbs.... 1.50. . 9.00
<Juart. holds 3 lbs 1.20 .. 7.00

The second engraving represents
THE TAPERING TIN PAILS-

made heavier snd stronger than
those with straight sides. The
covers are deeper, and tlie top-
edge of the Pail is doubled over,
making it smooth and convenient
to handle. Ot the Tapering Pails
there are five sizes, viz: 1-lb.. 4-lb.,
7-lb., 13-lb., and 25-lb. Assorted
Samples of these will be shipped

by express for 7.t cents,
are as follows :

In quantities, the prices

To hold l-lb.
Perdozen, | .75..
Per 100, 5.tK>. ,

4-lbs.
.$1.25.
. 8.00.

7-lba. 13-lbs.

, .$ 1.50 $ 2.00..

.. 10.00.... 14.50..

25-lbs.
.$ 3.25
. 23.00

XHOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO. ILL.

Bee -Hives, Sections, &c.

On and after Feb. 1, 1890, we will sell our
No. 1 V-groove Sections in lots of 500 as fol-
lows: Less than 2,000 at $3.50 per thousand;
2,000 to 5,000 at $3.00 per thousand. Write
for special prices on hir^rer quantities. No. 2
Sections $2.00 per thousand. Send for Priee-
List for other Supplies. Address,

J. STAUFFER & SONS,

iSuccessors to B. J. Miller & Co.l
31Atf NAPPANEE. IND.

BEESWAX WANTED.

Bees-wax.— We wiU pay 37 cents per
pound, in Cash, for Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
ered here.

U^"" To avoid mistakes, the name of the
shipper should always be on each package.

THOS. G. NEWMAN *: SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION

HAS NO SAG IN IlllOOD FKAMES.

THIN FLAT BOTTOM FOUNDATION

Ha»i« iio Fisli-boiie in Siirplut^ Honey.

Being the cleanest is usually worked
' the quickest ot" any Foundation made.
J. VAN l>Ei;SEN & SONS,

Sole Manufacturers.
Sprout Brook, Montgomery Co., N. Y.

lAlf

Mention the American BeeJoumaL

Scientific (|ueeii-Reariiig

AS PRACTICA1.1.Y APP1.IED ;

Being a Method by which tlie very best of

Queen-Beem are reared in perfect accord

with Nature's Way ; by

G. M. DOOLITTLE.

In this book the author details the results
of his Experiments in Rearing Queen- Bees for
the past four or five years, and is the first
to present his discoveries to the World.

Bound in Cloth— 176 pages— Price, $1.00,
postpaid ; or, it will be Clubbed with the
American Bee Journal one year, for $1.75—
with the Illustrated Home Journal, for J1.25 ;
or the two Journals and the Book for $2.00.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street. CHICAflO, ILL.

THIS CREATURE IS HERE TO.

Arrest Your ATTENTION!

We want you to wait before subscribing for your next year's
Agricultural reading matter and

Farm, Field s Stockman,

{\ GO-Page Weekly Farm and FaroW)- I'a

, at $1.00 per Year.)

THE best is always the cheapest, especially when it costs no more,
Someof our $2.00, $1.50 and $1.25 contemporaries have mad&
claims that they are better. ^Ve want to give every fanner an op-
portunity to make a fair comparison. To this end we vrill send
to anv reader of this paper or his fricn. is rr«rr-r^%# tAfr-r-i.^
the l^arm» Field and Stockmim t.VERY WEEK
until Jan. Ist, 18D1, including a Maintiiotli I'remiuin Ust, for

OKI! %« «l f\ ^^i— Ki^#^ in. ttamps. A handsome clotb-
NLY 1 U OElMTS bound oicxioxAitY of 30,000

words, will be sent FREE to any one who viil send us a club of lO
subspribors at above price; or a complete HOUSEHOLD CYCJjO-
P^EDIA (544 pafn.;s) for 20 subscribers.

.r7rMgfc»\Ve make very liberal tenns to club-raisers. In addition tO'
aii^ff* FremiumsorCashCommissions wegive 200 Spe-
cial Preniiiinis for 300 Largrest Clubs, worth from !S10 to>
!fii500 each. Send stamp for our terms and Premium List.

HOWARD & WILSON PUBLISHING COMPANY, CHICAGO, ILL.

BEE-FEEDERS.

The Hasting's " Perfection " Bee Feeder
holds one quart, and the letting down ot
the food is regulated by a thumbscrew. The
cover is put on securely.
It is easy to regulate —
either a quart or a spoon-
ful can be given in a day
(ir iu an hour, as desired,
and where it is needed
most — over the cluster of
bees. Not a drop of food
ueed be lost, and robber
bees cannot get at it.
Price, 40 cents, or one
dozen for .^3.50. Postage, 10 cts. extra on
each Feeder. Special Rates to Dealers —
Write for prices.

The " Shuck " Bee Feeder, as here shown,
may be placed at the hive-entrance, any
time of the day, without danger from the

robber bees. It feeds much or little, as may
be wanted, and the food can be reached by
the bees only from the inside of the hive.

Price, SO cts., postpaid ; by express, 25
cents each, or $3.40 per dozen.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILLS.

LOOK HERE !

BEFORE PLACING TOUR ORDER
for SUPPLIES for 1801, get my Prices
and Discounts.
Prlce-lilst FREE.

Address. J. Mr. KISIZIE,

20Aly ROCHESTER. Oakland Co., MICH.

New Factory!

WE 'WILL soon be in our new Factory—
which will be tlie largest and most com-
plete in the world. We shall make the best of
proods at lowest prices. We are ready for con-
tracts for next season's Supplies. Write us.

G. R. LEWIS A: CO., TVatertown, Wis.

3,->Atf
Mention the American Lee Journal.

HANDLING BEES

APAlTIPHLiET, treating- of the taming-
and handling ot bees. Just the thing for
beg-inners. It is a chapter from ^'Tlie Hive
aud Honey-Bee, revised." Price, 8 cts*
Advice to beginners. Circulars, &c., free.

CHAS. DADANT & SON,

Hamilton. Hancock Co., Ills

SPECIAL DISCOUNT

ON HIVES.

IN order to keep our factory running during
the fall and "winter months, we will make
a discount of 10 per cent, on all orders for
Hives received before Jan. 1, 1891. aud after
that date, until March 1, we will make a dis-
count of 5 per cent, from our Catalogue
prices.

The experience of the last season should
prompt every bee-keeper to have his supply of
lines, etc., on hand before the season com-
iiHiirL's. and avoid the rush.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

:46 Eiist Madison Street,

CHICAGO, ILL.

Mutli's Honey-Extractoi%

Perfection Cold-Rlast Smokers,
SqUAKE GLASS HONEY-JARS, etc

For Circulars, apply to

CHA.KI.£8 F. HUTH A SON.

Cor. Freeman & Central Ayes., CINCINNATI, O.
P. 8.— Send inc. for Practical Hints to Bee-Keeperp.

AGENTS

WANTED

ill i.-\(.'r\- Town ami County
in ,\lnri-ir:l, tf> soU^'it sub-
scriptions for the ILLUSTRATED HOME
JOUBKAL. Will allow a Cash Commission
on all Subscriptions obtained. This is a fine
ojiportunity for aeti\e yountr people to easily
earn several dollars a day. Particulars as to
com mission, etc., and sample copies of the
jiaper, will bo sent to any address.

THOMAS 6. STEWMAIT 8c SON,
•240 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES!

WE are prepared to furnish to Bee-Keepers
all kinds of Supplies promptly, and at
lowest rates. Corresjiondence solicited and
estimates frladly furnished. Our goods are all
made of the best malerial and are fiiist-cl.\ss
in every respect. Catalogues and Price-Lists
free. Hefercnce— First Nat'l Bank, this place.
Address, WM. McCIJNE & CO..
4.1Alt STERLING, ILL.

TMm sMERicKif mmw, journhliu.

723

-^^^^^■'■^^^■•J~l'^*iM*»L*******^***

■-^-— > PtBt.ISKKD UY' 'ir-—

THO S. G . NEWMAN ^ SON,

OHIC/vaO, ILI-.

EDITOIl.

Vol mi, Not. 1, 18

No. 44,

The IVIay of life is sweet,
For blossoms sceut the air ;
But sweeter Autumn's somber days,
If golden fruits are there.

Eugene Secoh.
Forest City, Iowa, Oct. 23, 1890.

It is Proposed to hold the last ses-
-sion of the International Convention at the
residence of Messrs. Dadaut & Son, about
live miles from where the other sessions
will be held. This will accommodate many
■who desire to visit their establishment, and
^vho would not want to stay over another
.<lay to do so.

In agreeing to the proposition, Mr. C. P.
Badant remarks thus : " We have lately
built a new bee and honey house, 20x33,
which is not yet occupied, and would do for
a dining-room, and Mrs. Dadant, Jr., feels
equal to preparing, with a little help, one
meal for the fraternity of the International
American Bee-Association. So we might
adjourn at 1 1 a.m. of the last day, and call
up the closing meeting at Hamilton, after
dinner."

It is still further proposed to sample the
• different kinds of honey and honey cakes,
which may be brought to the Convention.
■Jlr. Root is to bring quite an assortment,
^nd many other samples are expected.

Mr. Dadaut also propo.ses " to start a
subscription to offer a premium of, say
-<20, for the most palatable dish of any
kind — cake, pie, preserves, etc., prepared
with honey — the dish to be tested by com-
jietent judges at this meeting, and the man-
ner of preparing this dish to be published "
in the Convention report. This is a good
idea, and we hope that many samples will
•be there to be ". judged. "

Honey from Red Clover.— P. C.

Gween, of Smi,i-k, Pa., asks the following
questions :

Do bees work on red clover to such au
extent that you regard it as a valuable
honej'-plaut '.

I enclose flowers of a wild plant upon
which I have seen my bees working with
great energy. What is it, and does it pro-
duce much honey and pollen *

I like " Bees and Honey " very much, and
could not do without it. Same as to the
Bee Journal, which is a weekly visitor
always welcomed by me.

The plant is an aster — and is excellent
for honey.

Ordinary bees do not work on red clover
to such an extent as to make it a valuable
honey plant. When the nectar is plenty,
or the corollas are "stunted" by drouth,
the bees having the longer tongues get
honey from red clover. The Italians and
Syrians have longer tongues than other
varieties.

Bonanza Bcc=House. — Mr. S.

feraentigam went to the St. Louis Fair,and
while there a hand-bill, being distributed,
was given to him by some one who wanted
to sell him a " Right" to build a bee-house.
It was patented last year, but we imaging
that the patentee will not get rich in selling
the "rights," unless he works among those
who know nothing about bee-keeping.

Is is said to save all labor — because the
bees do not swarm at all ! It saves buying
hives for the same reason ! It saves the
honey from being eaten " by the worms or
moths !" The bees do not die, etc., as they
do in hives !

In his house, swarming is annihilated,
and bees never die ! He has a bonanza !
But for all that, the bees will swarm ! and
they will cJie— house or no house ! ! Disap-
pointment and disgust will be the only
result to those who invest in the enterprise !

California Honey. — The crop of
honey in Southern California seems to have
been a very large one this year. The Rural
Californian for last month contains these
figures :

During the month of July, 1890, one
firm at Newhall.Los Angeles county, Calif.,
shipped 22-t,63f) pounds of extracted
honey. Large quantities of comb honey
are produced in the same locality, but most
of it is shipped by the producers either to
Los Angeles or San Francisco. About
350,000 pounds of honey have been ship-
ped from the vicinity of San Jacinto during
the months of July and August of this year.
Most of the comb honey of that section was
of supei'ior quality, and has been sold.

The Cause of the small honey crop
for 1890 is thus stated bj' an exchange, and
it is a very concise statement, too :

The excessive rains and cool weather of
early spring kept back the flow of nectar,
and the drouth following in a greater por-
tion of the country, has cut down the crop,
and the returns this year will not be very
encouraging.

R. Colony of Bees.— A beginner,
who is somewhat perplexed by the terms,
"swarm of bees," "hive of bees," and
"colony of beos," asks fordeflnitions.

A swarm jjroperly means the bees that
leave the hive in natural divisou — the bees
that collect in a cluster. When put into a
hive they will begin anew their labors,
constructing combs, rearing brood, etc.,
thus establishing a new colony. The term
" colony " is used to signify the bees of one
hive.

A hive is the box in which the bees live
and work. A hive of bees is often erron-
eously alluded to as a swarm. — Exchange.

New Postal Cards are now being
prepared by the Department at Washing-
ton. The Boston Globe says :

There will be two new varieties, a large
card, perhaps a third larger than the pres-
ent ordinary card, and another size just
the least bit smaller than the present card.

"These cards," said Postmaster General
Wanamaker, "will be very nearly a penny-
postage. Their size will enable one to in-
dite quite a lengthy epistle on them, all for
one cent." But it is the pale-gray or pearl-
colored card that will be the greatest bar
gain. It will not hold so much, but it is to
be an uncommonly attractive affair.

The nifalfa Fields of the West are
becoming the bee-keepers' paradise. Even
California must now take a back seat. It
is reported that alfalfa will not secrete
nectar or furnish honey in the Eastern
States, owing to the nature of the soil.
This may be the case, as it is often true
that honey-producing plants will in some
localities produce honey and in others not.
—Exchange-

To Trial Trip Subscribers.—

If this paragraph is marked with a Blue
Pencil, it means that we have sent you the
American Bee JouRNAL,as agreed, for four
weeks, free of charge. Your subscription
for 1891 is respectfully solicited, and the
earlier you send us -?1.00 for the same, the
more of the numbers of 1890 you will
receive.

By adding 35 cents to the dollar before
mentioned, we will send you the Illus-
trated Home JouKN.VL for 1891, with the
rest of this year free : the November num-
ber of which will be sent you, as a sample,
when issued.

All W^lio Subscribe for the Ameri-
can Bee Journal can hereafter have our
Illu.strated Home Journal also, from the
time their subscriptions are received to
Jan. 1. 1892— both papers for only $1.35.
We can also furnish Oleanings in Bee-
Culture for same time with the above, for
$3.15 for all three periodicals This is an
offer that should be accepted by all who
keep bees, and desire the regular visits of
these standard publications — all three pe
riodicals from now to Jan. 1, 1892, for the
price named.

724

Tmm M'mmmi^mm mmm jqpkhmi^.

CONVENTION DIRECTORY.

1891. Time and place of meeting.

Jan. !, 2.— Michigan state, at Detroit, Mich.

H. D. Cutting, Sec, Clinton, Mich.

Mav 7.— Susquehanna County, at Montrose, Pa.

U. M. Seeley, Sec, Hartord, Pa.

11^" In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting.— Tue Editor.

International Bee-Association.

President— Hon. R. L. Taylor.. Lapeer, Mich.
SECRET.iBY— C. P. Dadant Hamilton, Ills.

National Bee-Keepers' Union.

President- James Heddon ..Dowagiac, Mich.
Sec'y and Manager- T. G. Newman, Chicago.

Rhode Island Kpiculturc— The

following is the spring report of the apiar-
ist, at the Rhode Island Agricultural Ex-
periment Station, taken from advance
sheets of Bulletin No. 7. Part 3 :

Of the 13 colonies of bees wintered out-
of-doors last season, all lived but one. This
colony was the weakest when prepared
for winter. The others were in fine condi-
tion April 1, the time of the first examina-
tion, and all were afterward built up into
prosperous colonies. The two strong colo-
nies and one weak one, placed in the farm-
house cellar Nov. 6, were alive at this time,
although the record kept by Mr. Adams of
the temperature near them, showed the
place had been much too cold and variable
for the safe wintering of bees. From 42 to
45 degrees is generally accepted as the
best temperature for a bee-cellar, while in
this cellar, during February and March,
the temperature ranged between 30 and
39 degrees nearly two-thirds of the time,
and reached as high as 44 degrees but four
times. On Feb. 26 the thermometer reg-
istered 26 degrees in the morning, 28 de
grees at noon, and 27 degrees at night. On
April 17, each of the 12 hives outside in
the apiary had good patches of brood in
from 2 to 6 combs, and quite a number of
young bees, and the strongest were given
as material for brood-rearing a quart of
syrup at one feed.

Of the 3 colonies wintered in the cellar,
all contained live bees, but upon examina-
tion, after they were removed to the api-
ary, the weak colony was found to have
dwindled away to but a handful, the inter-
ior of the hive was also badly fouled,
therefore the combs were given to other
colonies. The other two had eggs and
larv* in a few cells, and nearly as much
capped syrup as when placed in the cellar,
and were strong in bees. The combs were
somewhat soiled, and the outer ones were
moldy, the result of low temperature and
dampness. Both were packed in outer
cases the same as the other colonies. At
this time, maples were in bloom, and as
there was an abundance of sealed stores in
the hive, they were not fed. As with the
others no more combs were left than were
covered with bees, and the extra combs of
honey were placed outside the division-
board where they might visit them on
warm days.

The bees wintered outside were strong
and ready for the honey-flow the earliest.
They had used more stores, but had its

equivalent in young bees and brood. The
past winter was very favorable to out-door
wintering, and any colony of good strength
having plenty of sealed stores, even if un-
protected, should have wintered well. The
cellar was unsuitable, its temperature at
times going below freezing, however the
colonies of good strength survived. The
weak colonies, with plenty of good food,
were lost under each method. Had the
winter been severe, with long continued
cold and a backward spring, the bees in a
suitable cellar would, no doubt, have
shown the best record.

Though in our winter preparations the
arrangements considered most safe and
convenient were adopted, and no competi-
tive tests of the two methods were intend-
ed, the novice may learn something from
results, and see the importance of having
colonies strong for winter and spring, in
order to have them suflSciently populous to
best improve the time during the honey
harvest, and realize the folly of attempting
to winter several weak colonies, when a
powerful colony may be made by uniting
them. It is not, however, intended that he
should receive the impression that it is
advisable or safe for him to open hives
previous to the first of May in this State.

SPRINt4 FEEDING.

That the colonies mightbebuit up quickly
and made very populous by the time of the
honey flow from apple blossoms, we de-
sired that each should receive daily a small
quantity of food to stimulate brood-rear-
ing. As our visits to the Station at that
time were made not oftener than once in
ten days, the usual plan of regularly giving
in a feeder a small quantity of thin syrup,
could not be followed, therefore to accom-
plish the same, or similar results, we
adopted the plan of feeding soft undis-
solved sugar in the hive. As with daily
syrup feeding, though in less degree, this
could not be done, without danger of
greater loss than gain, until the weather
allowed the bees almost daily flights.

Up to that time those colonies having
suflicient stores were not fed, or their
stores uncapped, empty combs only were
given as required ; but early in May good
moist sugar were sni)plied in frame feeders
hung next to the brood-combs, and suffi-
cient given to last until another visit. This
was renewed as needed, and the result was
all that could be desired.

As the apple bloom apparently failed to
secrete nectar, the feeders were allowed to
remain until sometime previous to the
honey- flow from clover, when they were
removed from all colonies that were to be
used for honey-production ; and at the
commencement of the harvest all combs of
stores that might contain this feed were
also removed and given to nucleus colo-
nies. This method of

DRY SUGAR FEEDING,

as it is called, was brought before the pub-
lic by Mr. Samuel Sinimins. of England,
and is described in various English books
and publications on bee-culture, but we
believe is little understood or followed in
this count!'}'.

After several years' trial of the plan, on
a somewhat extended scale, we do not hesi-
tate to recommend it. It is well suited to
the management of out-apiaries, where but
occasional visits are made, and in all cases,
though possibly in a dry country not so
efl'ective as syrup feeding, saves the trouble
of making syrup, and the time required in
its daily distribution, while the danger of
the disastrous results of occasionally omit-
ting the daily ration is avoided.

Instead of dry sugar, moist sugar like
good grades of molasses and C sugar are
best, but the former should first be well
drained. This, placed in a feeder where the

heat and moisture is confined, is slowlj-
licked up or liquefied by the bees. The-
rapidity with which this is done depends-
upon the heat and moisture in the hive.

By placing an enameled cloth, enameled
side down, over the frames in place of the-
porous covering, the loss of * moisture, so-
desirable in freezing weather, may be les-
sened, while by removing the warm cush-
ions or quilts from part of its surface,
condensation of moisture takes place upon
the enameled face beneath, and furnishes;
water to promote more rapid work.

The sugar may be placed in an ordinary
syrup feeder, or wrapjjed in cheese-cloth>
and laid over the frames, but the arrange-
ment we prefer and us9> here is similar to-
Mr. Simmins' pattern, and consists of a
hollow dummy, having the same length and
depth as the brood-frame, and a similar
top-bar and a movable side that does not
reach the top-bar by '4 inch.

This is filled by removing the side, while-
the space at the top allows the bees access,
and but little escape of heat. If the inside-
space is more than an inch wide, comb will
be buill therein.

This method of feeding is only suitable-
for spring stimulation, but is invaluable in
a poor season to prevent starvation, for
queen-rearing, for building up nuclei, and
working for increase, or drawing out foun-
dation, as well as for promoting brood-rear-
ing after removing what is in some locali-
ties the only honey croj) of the season. By
using soft candy of best granulated sugar.
it may be made to piece out scant stores iit
the fall. Samuel Cushm.4.n.

The Uses for Honey.— A corres-
pondent in the loiva Homestead, in an.
article on the value and uses of honey^
says :

The extensive use of sugar on fruits is-
not as bad as the cake and cooky mania
that rages in so many kitchens. The fruit
acids largely neutralize the indiscriminate
and injudicious use of sugar. It is no seri-
ous thing to eat considerable saccharine
food in a pure state, but not in the form of
pure refined sugar.

If eaten and taken in the form of honey,
it at once becomes a valuable medicine
and food. Instead of having it given us in
this form in a mixture with bulk foods, as
in the cane and beet, we have it mingled
with fruit juices exuded from flowers,
highly charged with medicinal properties
in the alchemy of nature and the apothe-
cary of the bee-hive.

The advantages of honey as a medicine-
or food are too extensive to be considered •
at length here. Honey taken as a food be
comes a powerful medicine to the sugar-
fed and half-diseased, and many must
begin on small quantities and acquire an,
appetite for it.

Foul air, improper ventilation, coal gases,
together with the sudden change and ex-
posure of lungs and throat to zero weather,
or worse, in a moment, is the source to uo-
end of throat and bronchial troubles. A
free, regular and constant use of honey i»
probably the best medicine for throat
troubles there is, and its regular use would
be largely corrective here. It is alwaire^
best to take our medicine and food together.

]^e>v Subscribers can have the Bee
JouRN.\L and the Illustrated Home Jour-
nal from now until the end of 1891 for
*1.3o. This is a rare opportunity of club-
bing two valuable periodicals for a slight
advance upon the price of one, and getting
the rest of this year free.

-rmm mmbric^h bbe^ jQ^mnmi^,

725

Funny !— A correspondent in the Chi
<;ago Daily Herald of Oct. Hi, asks the
following questions :

■ 1. Has any person the legal right to keep
ibees within the city limits, to the annoy-
.ance of the citizens ;

2. Can City Councils declare the keeping
•of bees in city limits a nuisance ;

To each question the answer given by the
Herald is " Yes."

That a person has a legal right to keep
'bees inside or outride the city limits, is
true ; but they should never be maintained
there when they become a real nuisance —
.and they may become such if kept uncom-
fortablj' near a highway, or a neighbor's
residence. So the answer of the Herald
should be modified a little — but we thank it
for its emphatic answer to the question.

Of course City Councils may '■ declare "
the keeping of bees a nuisance within the
•city limits as often as they choose, but the
"'"law," as well as the decision of the
Supreme Court, " declare " that bee keep-
ing is not per se a nuisance, and that City
Ordinances declaring such foolishness can-
not be enforced ! And, more, that for any
interference with the business of beekeep-
■ers, by those who attempt to enforce such
■Ordinances, they may be held responsible
ior damages.

We have sent a copy of the Supreme
■Court decision to the editor of the Herald,
and commend its perusal before answering
any more questions.

n Restful ■Wish.

Written Sor the American BeeJmvmal
iiv sA.virm. HociicHs.

Mine be a cot beside the hill,

A bee hive's hum shall sooth mine ear,
A willowy brook that turns a mill.

With many a fall shall linger near.

The swallows oft beneath my thatch.
Shall twitter near her clay-built nest ;

Oft shall the pilgrim lift the latch.
And share my meal — a welcome guest.

Around my ivyed porch shall spring
Kaeh fragrant flower that drinks the dew;

And Lucy, at her wheel shall sing.
In russet gown and apron blue.

The village cnurch beneath the trees.
Where first our marriage- vows were given

With merry peals shall swell the breeze,
And point with taper spire to heaven.

Return to a Hive of a Queen
'ivitli Clipped Wings.

Written for tlic American Bee Journal

In These Times ten cents buys a
good deal of art and literature. For in-
stance, "Frank Leslie's Illustrated News-
paper "of last week embraces 32 pages,
including the last of the beautifully-illus-
trated Texas. It is full of pictures.

If you have a desire to know

how to have Queens fertilized in upper
stories, while the old Queen is still laying
below— how you may safely introduce any
Queen, at any time of the year when bees
«an fly— all about the difl'erent races of
t>ees— all about shipping Queens, queen-
-cages, candy for queen-cages, etc.— all
about forming nuclei, multiplying or unit-
ing bees, or weak colonies, etc. : or, in fact
•everything about the queen-business which
you may want to know, send for " Doolit-
tle's Scientific Queen-Rearing;" a book of
170 pages, which is nicely bound in cloth,
■and is as interesting as a story. Price, $1.00.

Free Trial Trip subscriptions are
'•coming in quite rapidly. We thank our
friends for this new illustration of their
personal interest in the Bn: Joltrxal. We
want thousands to read it for a few weeks
who did not know of its existence. Do not
toe afraid of sending too many names. Let
us have the name and address of every
person who keeps bees in America.

Query 736.— Would a queen with a
clipped wing crawl back to her own hive,
if not attended to, or just as likely go into
another hive, if permitted ?— Ohio.

She is much more likely to go into her
own hive. — C. C. Miller.

I think she would go into the first hive
she happened to find. — Eugene Secor.

If the queen does not get too far away,
she will often get back into her own hive.
— H. D. Cutting.

She would go back to her own hive when
the bees returned, if she could get there. —

G. M. DOOLITTLE.

She would be as likely to enter another
hive as her own, if the hives are close to-
gether.- M. Mahin.

She might crawl back ; but most likely
get lost and never get back. The best plan
is not to clip your queens' wings.— J. P. H.
Brown.

From past experience I find that at least
25 per cent, of the queens with clipped
wings are killed or lost, by not crawling
back. — P L. ViALLOs.

She would be more likely to go back to
her own hive, but might go into another if
it was very near. — R. L. Tatlou.

It makes no diO'erence to the queen what
hive she goes into "if permitted," but she
had better not be " permitted " to get into
the wrong hive.— A. B. Mason.

Generally she would, but there is some
danger of her being lost in trying to enter
other hives. — C. H. Dibbern.

It is very difficult to tell what she may
do. Usually some of the bees find her and
remain with her wherever she happens to
be. — Dadant & Son.

Such queens frequently get back to their
own hive, but are often lost when they may
attempt to enter another hive, if near. — G.
L. Tinker.

No one can tell where she would go.
Probably it she went into a hive at all, it

would be into the first one she found.— J.
E. Pond.

She usually goes back into her own hive,
but is quite likely to go into another, or to
wander ort' and be lost. — A. J. Cook.

Should she get some distance from her
hive she might crawl into a neighboring
hive, and, of course, be killed. 1 do not
advocate the clipping of a queen's wing. —
J. M. Hambaugu.

Many times queens with clipped wings
will crawl back into their old hives, and
many times they will crawl off in the grass
and die, or go into other lines. — James
Heddon.

She will usually return to her own hive,
where an3- disability prevents her from
flying ; but sometimes where hives stand
closely together, we have had queens get
to the front of the wrong hive and be
balled by the workers. — Mrs. L. Harrison.

She will generally find the way back to
her own hive, as she is very quick to hear
the sound of the returning swarm. The
queen's wing should be so clipped that she
must crawl if she gets much distance from
the hive. I clip off one pair (on one side
only) of her wings, half way down. This
gives her a whirling motion when she uses
her sound wings in opposition to her clip-
ped pair. — G. W. Demaree.

It is difficult to tell what such a queen
may do, but she would probably crawl
back to her own hive and enter with the
returning swarm, unless other hives were
very near, or she was destroyed by some
bird or other enemy. — The Editor.

d>irBBir«c} L.ISX.

We Cliib the Amei'ican Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the I..AST
column. The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book :

Price of both. ClutK
The American Bee Journal Jl 00

and Gleanings in Bee-Culture 2 00 173

Bee-Keepers' Guide 130. .. 140

Bee-Keepers' Review 150 140

The Apioulturist 175 165

Bee-Keepers' Advance 130 140

Canadian Bee Journal 2 00 ... 180

The 7 above-named papers 3 23 5 00

and Langstroth Revised (Dadant) 3 00 2 75

Cook's Manual (1887 edition) 2 25.. . 2 00

Quinby's New Bee-Keepiug-. 2 50 2 25

Doolittle on Queen-Rearing. 2 00 175

Bees and Honey (Newman).. 2 00 175

Binderfor Am. Bee Journal. 160 150

Dzierzou's liee-Book (cloth). .■? 00. . . . 2 00

Roofs A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25. . . . 2 10

Farmer's Account Book 4 00 2 20

Western World Guide 130.... 130

Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150 140

A Year Among the Bees 1 50 1 35

Convention HiLud-Book 150. .. 130

Weekly Inter-Ocean 2 00 175

Toronto Globe (weekly) 2 00 170

History of National Society. 130 125

American Poultry Journal. . 2 25 150

The Lover (Temperance) 2 00 1 75

Orange Jufid Farmer 2 00 ... 165

Farm, Field and Stockman.. 2 00 165

Prairie Farmer 2 00... 1 65

Do not send to us for sample copies
of any other papers. Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.

CoiiTeiitioii IVotice.

t^~ Thesth semi-annual raeetinp of tbe Susque-
hanna County Bee-Keepers' Association will be held
at Montrose, Pa., on Thursday. May 7. 1891.

H. M. Seeley. Sec.

726

Tmm xmrnmiGMm mmm jQi'&mnmi,.

FOUL BROOD.

Origin of tliis I>rcii(l mnindy

of tliis
Auioiis

I>rcii(l
Bees.

Written for the American Bee Journal
BY C. J. ROBINSON.

Pursuant to 1113- primiise recorded on
page 520. I now proceed with tlie con-
tinuation of the subject of foul brood.
I am cognizant of the fact that state-
ments based on individual experience
are generally taken for naught, if in
contlict with popular opinion or pre-
conceived notions. However, un-
prejudiced mortals oft-times learn of
others who have acquired knowledge
through research and special practice.
In my former article, I set forth facts
showing conclusively that foul brood
in all its phases is liable to. and occa-
sionally does, originate in colonies by
reason of the rotting of chilled brood ;
that is to say. in case the rotting pro-
ceeds by a chemical action favorable
to hatching the inherent spores into
microbes (micro-organisms), then foul
brood is present. Whenever one or
more of the microbes (though so small
that they are invisible to natural sight)
gets a lodging on live brood, the germ
then feeds upon larva, and multiplies
so rapidly by fission, that all the brood
in a colony is soon a mass of foul virus.
but the animate mass — microbes —
though deadly poison to brood, cannot
harm imago or full-fledged bees. The
feeding of drugs, as antidotes, to bees,
is blissful ignorance.

By accident, in 1882. some small
frames having brood in, were left in a
pile after extracting. The weather
was hot, and when I came upon the
pile a few days aftei- the boy laid them
down and left them. I found the
combs in a stage or inordinate fermen-
tation— putrefaction. proceeding to rot-
tenness. It ajjpeared so much like
foul brood that I suspected it a case of
spontaneous origination. I wrapped
the fermenting combs in a wet blanket,
and kept them warm until they were
rotten. I felt so certain that I had
foul-brood virus, that I thought to
test it.

I took from a hive one frame having
brood in it, after brushing every bee
from it, smeared a small part of it with
some of the rotten mass, and covered
it with wire, wet sotliat bees could not
touch the smearing, and returned it.
Of the sequel, sulhce it to say, that if
the smearing did not reproduce true
foul brood, I am not competent to test
and determine. I have pointed out a
way by which the problem may be

solved. If an}' who care to know the
facts will try — sceundrimi artcm — the
test, and fail to reproduce or originate
true foul brood, then it will be in order
for them to teach that foul brood never
originates from chilled brood.

So recent as 1882, the time I an-
nounced m}' discovery of originating
foul Ijrood, there were none who would
admit that foul brood is a '-germ dis-
ease." Soon after, the germ theory
was not disputed, for it became a well
known fact, and now there appears
high authority corroborating ni}' claim
tliat foul brood ■• is caused by the rot-
ting of uncared-for brood."

I here quote from the oflicial bulletin
issued by the Ontario (Canada) De-
partment of Agriculture, viz :

Foul brood is a disease that is caused by
the rotting of uncared for brood. It usually
oriKinates in the spring, in weak colonies
that have spring dwindled so badly that
they have not bees enough left to cover or
care for all the brood, and if the spring
keeps raw and backward, the bees wiil
crowd together to keep each other warm,
ieaving the uncared for brood to die and
rot in the cells. The brood covered by the
bees in time to hatch, (which so increases
the force of the colony that a wider circle
of comb is covered by the bees), taking in
the space occupied by the decaying brood.

Foul brood will almost be a thing of the
past, when every bee-keeper knows the real
cause of it, looks well after his bees in the
spring, and sees that the brood is well
cared for in every hive, and those that are
not really strong must lie crowded upon a
few combs, l)y using division-boards. The
disease is spread by the bees robbing foul-
broody colonies, and they carry the disease
just in proportion to the amount of dis-
eased honey they cany to their own hives.

So much of the bulletin as that which
treats of the cau^c of foul brood I
have, in ray experience demonstrated ;
but Canadian bee-keepers, or scientists
of Her Majesty's realm, first made
known the most important discovery,
to-wit : that foul brood is caused
sometimes " by the rotting of chilled
or dead brood." The writer of the
bulletin seemingly takes to himself the
glory of being the ( riginal discoverer
of the ■' cause of foul brood." Eight
years before the bulletin appeared, I
published identically the same that is
set forth in the first paragraph of the
bulletin. (See Bce-Keepcrs^ Exchange
for August, 1882, also the Kansas Bec-
Kccper of about the same date ; and
the same is set forth in my article in
the American Bee Journal on pages
518 and 519 of this year.)

Because foul brood makes its appear-
ance mysterioush', bee-keepers are
loth to believe that it is possible for it
to ever originate spontaneously from
dead brood. The acute editors of
Gleanings strenuously combat tlie asser-
tion that foul brood is caused by dead
brood. The junior editor comments
on the above bulletin, and attempts to
argue that the asserted claim is un-

reasonable. In their issue of Sept. 15.
1890, Mr. Ernest Root mentions this :

In another part (first paragraph 1 of the
bulletin, before describing the method of
cure, the cause of the disease is assigned to-
rotten or decayed brood, either from chill-
ing or otherwise. In fact, the inspector,
Mr. McEvoy, lays particular stress on this.
We cannot believe that foul brood occurs
without at least the germs of that disease.
We (ourselves) have had a great many
colonies in the apiary during the spring
that had more or less chilled brood, but
they (none of them) developed into any-
thing serious. Rotten brood man be a
favorable medhtm for tlier/rorvth of r/erm^
if tlicy are already in'cscntin the hives
(Italics are mine), but we cannot think this
of itself, a cause. We may have the very
best of land in which to grow corn, but
corn will not grow unless there is first seed.

He thinks that rotten brood is. a
favorable medium for the growth of
germs. In this he errs. Evervbody
knows it is live brood that fosters the-
■•growth of the germs." There can
be no growth of germs in rotten brood.
for the rot is germs. Dead brood is
the medium in which the "ever-pres-
ent" spores grow into foul brood
germs. His reasons for. ■' we cannot
believe." are based chiefly on the cir-
cumstance that tlug have not had
chilled brood develop into foul brood.
His point is not well taken, because it
is not said that all cases of chilled •
brood pass into 'anything serious."
There are but few cases — one in hun-
dreds— that chilled brood rots into-
foul brood. In warm, dry climates,
foul brood seldom appears. It is iii
cold climates that brood is liable to>
and often does, get chilled.

In Canada, bee-keepers are sorely
troubled with foul brood in their api-
aries. Hence the bulletin is issued as
a special law providing for an attempt
at eradicating foul brood from the
realm. No such law. nor such waiting-
and weeping, and burning by inspec-
tors, is known in the Sunny Soutli.
Will the -doubting Thomases" please
explain the why of this ditterencc.

Again, if as Gleanings speculates.,
foul bi'ood is an eternized agent,
created to curse, and stalks abroad,
why does the •■ critter" deal outmost
of its cursing in cold regions ? -Be-
lievers" or gtiesscrs. nor intuitive
science is par for answering.

In the comments of the junior edi-
tor, referring to the growing of corn,
he does not meet the issue. Hoosier.s^
of the wild West, and foreign peasants-
— yea. -rustics" — have learned that
to grow corn, seed must first be
planted; but do they not understand,
about the seed having a beginning?'
Some years agp the .senior editor, in a
foot-note referring to the claim that
foul brood sometimes originates frnm
chilled brood, used this illustration —
the corn won't grow, unless corn —
nothing else — be lirst jjlanted. Set

TMm jtMEKicMis; mmm jowMnRi^.

727

here -we" find the lirst, tlie genesis
of corn-gi'owing, and all other things
likened to it — ha ?

Botanists inform us that ■•corn" is
a native of North America, and all the
ditierent species lirst grew, not from
seed corn, but grew spontaneous. New
plants have appeared springing up of
well-known plants where no seed of
the species has been sown. What
prompts spontaneous growth is a prob-
lem, and what causes the seed to ger-
minate ? What verif3ing inlluenoe
puts vegetable growth into action ?
The only answer mortals can give is,
the genial atmosphere, rendered life-
giving by the rays of light which are
absorbed. Not a particle of the
••land" enters into the growth of corn
or of trees. Even the ash, by being
made liquid, is taken up in a re-
growth, or eventually returns from
whence it came— the atmosphere. The
corn germs consists only of the ele-
ments of the atmosphere. The •• very
best of land" only acts mechanically
in the growth of all vegetation — a
medium for the elements, atmosphere
and water. The fertilizing matter in
soils is all composed of elements de-
rived from the atmosphere.

The editor's reference to corn as a
comparison, is speaking after the man-
ner of prophets of old. but the likening
of that which strictly pertains to the
vegetable kingdom, with such as be-
long to the animal kingdom, is a sort
of logic susceptible, perhaps, of a
patent. Surely it has no pertinency in
the issue they make in countering my
claim, which is endorsed by the
bulletin.

I concede that the able editors of
Gleanings are esteemed high authority
in bee-matters, but I do not concede
that their conclusions are facts.

The fact that foul brood originates
under certain circumstances from un-
cared-for dead brood, is a very im-
portant matter, for the due considera-
tion of bee-keepers, especially those
in cold climates. Scribes who are of
no importance may teach that it mat-
ters not about flne-spun theory and
hair-splinting science — ■•we have to
deal with foul brood, and it is not
important to us, anything concerning
its origin." Such apiarists, bj' neg-
lecting to care about the subject, and
not caring for dead brood, are momen-
tously liable to suflcr by foul brood.
The neglect to care for dead brood is
all-important, because it is the prelude
to foul brood — the seed-bed of the
disease.

Richford, N. Y.

Those tVIio Have any honey to
dispose of should use the Honey Almanac
as a salesman. We have a few left for this
year, and offer them at half price. See
page 73.5 of this paper.

A VISIT.

Difrorciit Uiiidx of lloiioy — Cave
Cellar, elf.

Written for the Western PLowmun

BY C. H. DIBBERN.

While wife and I were returning
from a visit to Eastern Illinois, we
found that we had a couple of hours to
spare at Peoria. The thought .soon
suggested itself, why not call on Mrs.
L. Harrison, that matchless lady bee-
keeper, and able writer on bee-cul-
ture.

The street cars soon landed us with-
in a block of her residence, in the
suburb of the city. We were soon at-
tracted by the long rows of hives, and
we almost involuntarily exclaimed.
•• That is evident!}' the liome of Mrs.
Harrison !"

We found Mr. Harrison in the apiary
with a scj'the, cutting down the weeds
in front of the hives, but as soon as we
entered the gate he came to greet us.
^V'e found him a very agreeable gen-
tleman, of middle age. and familiar
with many subjects besides bee-keep-
ing.

We were shown into the parlor
by a young lady from Missouri visiting
there, and Mrs. Harrison and their
daughter Kate soon appeared. Alto-
gether, we fcnind the Harrisons as we
had expected, to be bright and charm-
ing people.

Of course we had a short ■ • bee-con-
vention." A question from Mrs. Har-
rison convinced me instantl}" that she
is a deep thinker, if indeed I had ever
heard a doubt of that before. It was
this: -'Whyis it that an egg. that
would have produced only a worker-
bee, will produce a perfect queen
when placed in a queen-eell ?" I an-
swered as best I could, that I presumed
it was on account of the size and shape
of the cell, and the i-oyal food placed
there by the bees. T?his seemed to
satisfy Mrs. H., but I must own that I
felt that I would rather not tr}' to an-
swer any more difficult questions, or
my reputation as a bee-master might
come to grief.

DIFFERENT KINDS OF HONEY.

To most people •'honey is honey,"
and this idea seems to prevail among
store-keepers, when they fix an arbi-
trarj' price on this product. The fact
is, however, that there are as many
kinds of honey as there are of apples,
or of any other fruit. The quality is
determined almost entirely by the
bloom from which it is gathered, and
varies greatly. While it is difficult to
get the honey from one variety of
blossoms separate, yet the prevailing
kind generally regulates the quality.

The atnio.spheric conditions al.so have
much t(j do with the quality, as it is
well known that the honey gathered in
a reasonably dry time, is much super-
ior in flavor, richness and thickness,
to that produced in wet weather.
Wheu this great difl'erence in quality
is once understood, why should there
not bo a corresponding difl'erence in
price ? As it is, however, dealers gen-
erally make very little difl'erence, and
the advantage is alwa3's in favor of the
poorer article.

I well remember trying to sell some
very fine honey, that was faultless!}'
white, bnilt in neat whitewood pound
sections, and crated nicely in new
crates. I was told, "Your honey is
very nice, and we would like to buy
some of it. but your price. 15 cents per
pound, is entirely too high. Why. we
are selling honey at 10 cents." Wheu
I asked to see some of this honey, the
store-keeper brought out a jar of
broken stuft'. that had probably been
cut out of some box-hive after the bees
had died. Now, why should not a fine
article of honey sell as readily for a
good price as a bushel of nice apples,
or any other superior article ? What
inducement is there for us to go to
considerable extra expense to have our
honey as fine as it is possible to get it.
if we are to get nothing for our extra
trouble ?

A CAVE CELLAR FOR BBES.

We have just completed a cave cel-
lar for our Blill Creek Apiary. I have
often thought I should like such a place
for wintering bees, and I have now got
it to my entire liking.

The apiary is situated on a high
knoll, surrounded on three sides by
the creek. The bank on the east side
is quite steep, and into this we dug the
bee-cellar. We made the size 14x1(3
feet, and (i feet high. The ground was
somewhat higher than the top of the
cellar on the upper side, and the lower
side was on a level with the floor. The
lower side was built up by making a
3-foot wall of boards and filling in with
the clay removed from the cellar. The
sides are also boarded up from the
floor, and the roof is also of boards,
supported by props. The roof is cov-
ered by about one foot of dirt, and a
second roof is put on this, to shed the
water.

This second roof is also a great pro-
tection against the sun. for contrary to
general belief, the difficulty of success-
ful wintering does not depend so much
on keeping the bees warm enough in
wintei". as to keeping them cool enough
in early spring. Judging from all my
experiences in wintering, the bees
should winter perfectly in this cave,
and I will report the result later.

Milan. Ills.

728

T^am MM®micMf$ mmm j@wMrfMiLr.

t^oa>»^L>j

ILLINOIS.

The State Fair Bee and Honey
Exhibits.

Written fen- the Prairie Fanner

BY MRS. L. HARRISON.

People who do not go to the Fairs
have no idea of the good times that we
old. Fair-going bee-keepers have. JoUj-
times, aud long to be remembered,
holding mutual-admiration meetings
around the hone}- exhibit. Friendships
are there formed that last for a life-
time.

Although the past season is the
poorest one known to modern bee-
keepers for the production of honej',
there was a good exhibit of both comb
and extracted honey.

One bee-keeper from Iowa had an
exhibit that would have filled the
whole space allotted for this product
bj" the Fair-Association, and yet he
had goods unpacked. He was indig-
nant that he was not able to display
his exhibit, and a little -riled" when
his hives, sections, etc., were called
carpenters' stuft", and when he was
ordered by the Superintendent to get
them out of the way, so that visitors
could pass around.

It does not appear right to mo that
such a gi-eat industry as the production
of honey and the rearing of bees, which
are essential in the fertilization of the
bloom of fruits and clovers, should
have to take a back seat in order to
give place to a real-estate advertising-
scheme from Nebraska, with a big
stufled sow aud a litter of pigs.

I <loubt very much if the grain used
in this display ever saw the State of
Nebraska, for, when I reminded the
exhibitor tliat he ouglit to show the
honey from that State, he asked me to
sell him .some to jiut with his exhibit,
to take to St. Louis.

Fully one quarter of the building
devoted to agriculture was occupied
by these real-estate advertisers, to the
detriment of honest tillers of the soil.

When a bee-keeper requested space
to exhibit his fixtures, lie was told to
take them out-of-doors — to a corner of
a platform — and show them there.

What matter, if a few bee-keepers
are discommoded, provided that the
railroads and land-boomei's from
another State are accommodated ?
They pay two dollars and get the
whole end of a building for a '-hog
palace," containing a lop-eared sow
with five pigs, when Illinois has better
ones with eleven following each of
them. Much liner ones could have
been seen alive and grunting in pens
devoted to their use.

'• Observing hives." containing bees,
had to be packed closely together on

the floor, in such a way that their con-
tents could not be seen. Ventilation
was very poor in this building, and
man}- bees died. How gladly would I
have put that miserable apology for a
hog (a regular str.addle-bug), out-of-
doors, and given the producers of
honey a chance ! My command would
have been like that of the gentle Gali-
lean : "Take these things hence."

My own toes were not trod on, for I
had nothing on exhibition in this de-
partment except extracted hone.y, and
I was given sufficient space to ex-
hibit it.

WHO TOOK THE BLUE ?

Why, Iowa on both comb and ex-
tracted ! "Tell it not in Gath," If I
am not mistaken, there was not a
pound of comb honej^ on exhibition
from the State of Illinois.

The Iowa exhibit of extr.acted honey
was in fancy small pails of glass with
metal tops, costing 13 cents each by
wholesale. These pails will be awarded
the blue at all Fairs wherever they go,
over packages put up in the best mark-
etable shape. Why shouldn't they,
for they are so pretty, and people
like gilt.

QUEEN-BEES.

A number of these were on exhibi-
tion, and a breeder of this little stock
claimed that half a dozen of his were
stolen. The theft could not have been
committed by a bee-keeper — for bee-
keepers are all honest — but by some
collector of insects who inferred that
they were of no value, and belonged
to some crank.

What a pity that these fine queens
should have a pin run through them
and be stuck onto a block labeled.
Ajiis MeUifi(M.

Peoria, Ills.

[The Managers of the Illinois State
Fair have long been a disgrace to the
State. The premiums on bees and
honey are ridiculously small, and their
rulings show their incapacity. For
these reasons the exhibits have been
very small, and crowded for room to
properly show them. — Ed.]

HIVES.

Advantages Derived from Using
Large Bee-Hives.

Written Sor tJie American BeeJourtial

BY BYRON HAMS.

On page 265, Mf. A. J. Fisher calls
for a discussion of large vs. small
hives. I have used all sizes, and if
my croiJ of honey was from basswood
or clover onlj', I should practice the

Doolittle plan ; if my crop was like the
Uadants'; or.as I suppose their crop is,
viz : first, white clover the last of May,
through June and the first week or
two in July ; second, smart-weed more
or less on until golden-rod and Spanish-
needle l)loom, which is generally
about Sept, I, which, in a good sea-
son, would uiake almost a continual
honey-flow from about May 20 until
frost, with a short rest the last of July
and first of August. I have some little
acquaintance with their loc.alit}', and I
think it is about the same there as
here ; such being the ease, we want
large hives, and a large brood-nest the
year round. We get a good "board-
bill" out of the large arm}- of workers
that Mr. Doolittle objects to. I have
never had too much brood or too many
bees at any time of the season to suit
me, and I let the queen have full swa}-
at all times. My greatest trouble has
always been to keep room enough for
the queen ; nearly always I have to
extract the lower frames. I use a 10-
frame Langstroth hive, and often have
them three stories high.

An advantage of no little importance
with the large hive and non-contrac-
tion, is the winter stores aud the
quality of the same. It is no little
satisfaction to me to know that mj-
bees have an abundance of the verj-
best of honey for winter, and, with the
Muth plan of wintering, I can rest
content in full confidence that my bees
will greet me with a glad hum the
next April, and be read}' for the clover
" when it comes again."

If I should have any little, puny,
sickly colonies, that need division-
boards, and all the extra fuss of side-
packing, and giving an extra comb
every three or four days, I would
double them up until they were strong
enough to take care of a 10-frame hive
with 10 combs in it, and let them do
their own fussing afterwards. With a
large hive, .and plenty of good stores
the year around, we are blessed with
but few such colonies.

Worcester. Mo.. Oct. 15, 1890.

WINTERING BEES.

The

Elements of Successful
Winlering.

Written for the New Y<jrk World

BY B. BEN,IAMIN.

While many successful bee-keepers
winter their bees on summer stands, I
think that the majority of Northern
apiarists favor wintering in cellars.
Dry, pure air and a proper and uniform
temperature are the 2 prime essentials
in successful wintering ; these, in my
opinion, cannot be so perfectly con-

TM® MMEKICJRH BE© JMVRf%RI^.
-.^^^

729

trolled out-of-doors as in some suitable
place iu-doors.

To insure drj' air. the cellar must be
:i well drained one. with bottom
cemented, and walls plastered to pre-
^■l•l)t moisture from passing through.
NfNt it must be warm enough to pre-
vent freezing, and provided with sulli-
fient ventilation to admit of the es-
cape of the heat and gases generated
by the bees. The temperature most to
be desired is 45° Fahr.

A portion of the cellar ought to be
set aside especially for the bees. When
presentable, I would locate them in a
solid body in the center of the room —
never close to the ends. Let the hives
rest a foot or more from the bottom of
the cellar, and upon each other, being
careful to break joints and get the
weakest colonies on top.

This work should be delayed until
the autumn is sufficiently advanced to
chill the bees a little, so that tjiey will
not be too active ; avoid, however, the
other extieme of waiting for cold
weather. When all are nicely piled
up. exclude all light. Mr. Newman
advises entering the bee-department
every fortnight with a dark lantern to
see that all goes well.

If the thermometer indicates above
4.'j-. admit cold air ; if below 40'-', which
ought not to occur, partly close the
ventilator to bring the mercury up to
the desired temperature.

Mr. Newman and Prof. Cook agree
that each colony should begin the win-
ter with 30 pounds of good honey.

I have never weighed mine, but be-
lieve it would be a good plan. Some
bee-keepers resort to small stoves to
keep their cellars warm enough,
others depend on the warmth from a
lire in a room above the cellar, while
others again connect it by a shaft or
X'ipe.with the stove above. By this
latter plan the cellar is ventilated with
warm air.

Queen's County, N. Y.

But Mr. Alley proceeds to add. that
■■ paid-for articles are not so good as
those we get for nothing." lie further
asserts, that ■when a fellow is gettiu";
|o tor an article, he is working for the
15. and not for the interest of those
who will read his, sometimes (yes,
almost always) long-winded sermons."
He winds up with the coaxing remark:
"Now if bee-keepers will give their
experience in their own apiaries, or
that of some neighbor who cannot or
will not write, we shall have all the
interesting matter we can use."

Mr. D. A. Jones, of the Canadian
Bee Journal, copies the article from
which the above extracts are taken,
and endorses it as follows :

Henry Allej- does say some sensible
things, and among others, he voices our
sentiments in regard to the above. When
we say "our sentiments," we do not wish
to be understood as meaning that all those
who write, do so for the mere love of gain,
but there is often a certain telltale style
about them that is easily recognizable.

BEE-PERIODICALS.

Our A|ticullural Literature,
Publishers.

and

lf"/'iJten for the American Bee Journal

BY REV. WM. F. CLAHKE.

Some months ago. Mr. W. Z. Hutch-
inson remarked editorially in his Bee-
Keepers' Bevieiv, that the bane of api-
cultural journalism was the cutting
down of subscription prices, and its
attendant competition of cheapness.

As an illustration of this, we find
Mr. Alley saying in a recent issue of
the American ApicuUurist. "we cannot
aflbrd to pay for articles except in rare
cases." Of course not.

I want to say a few plain, but not
unkind words, about the foregoing ut-
terances by this brace of apicultural
editors.

Mr. Alley is very sweeping in what
he says about •• paid-for articles." Mr.
Jones endorses him with somewhat
■• bated breath." But both are in the
same box as '-accusers of the brethren."
They distinctly convey the idea, one
that all. and the other that many of
those who have received pay for con-
tributions to the bee-periodicals — have
written "for the love of gain." and
not for the interest and profit of their
readers.

Now. I do not hesitate to give this
charge a point-blank denial ; and I re-
gard it. moreover, as a gross and
gratuitous insult to apicultural writers
in general. I know it is not true in
regard to myself. I have received
kind and liberal pecuniary acknowl-
edgements for many of my articles
that have appeared in the bee-periodi-
cals. I have also written a large num-
ber without fee or reward, and I can
honestly say that I never penned one,
whether it was paid or unpaid for,
with any other motive than the good
of the bee-keeping public.

Nor do I claim to be a whit more
unselfish than the rest of the quill-
driving fraternity and sisterhood who
have written for the bee-jjeriodioals.
The idea of such men as Prof. Cook,
Messrs. Heddon. Doolittle, Cornell.
McKuight, Holtermann, Dr. Millei>
and a host of others that might be
named ; and of such women as iSIrs.
Harrison, Cyula Linswik. Mrs. Chad-
dock. Mrs. Axtell. and many more
literary as well as bee-keeping ladies,
writing merely for "filthy lucre," is
too absurd to be entertained for a
moment, and I am persuaded, will be

scouted by the great mass of bee-keep-
ers all over the North American con-
tinent.

In the first place, it is foreign to tlic
true literary instinct to write merel3-
for pay. VVlien, in Dr. Watts' child-
hood, a farthing, the smallest English
coin, was ofl'ere<l for the best bit of
boy-rhyme, the future poet betrayed
the budding forth of genius by produc-
ing the following couplet :

I write not for a farthing, but to try,
How 1 your fartbiuK writers may outvie.

That's the intuitive feeling of every-
one, old or young, who is under the
infiuence of the genuine cacoelhes
seribe?uli.

Next, every apicultural writer of
any note has been prompted by in-
terest in bee-keeping to put pen to
paper. If Mr. Alley knows ■ a fellow "
of whom this not true, let him name.
He dare not. and he cannot. Interest
in apicultui-e. and desire to advance it,
have developed manj' into interesting
writers, who. otherwise, would never
have discovered that they had a talent
in that direction. A. I. Root is a con-
spicuous example of this. His great
abilitj- was unknown to himself and
others, until he began to write articles
for the American Bee Jocrnal un-
der the modest 7i07n de 2]hiine of
"Novice."

Again, why is it assumed that every
one who receives pay for apicultural
literarj' work is mercenary, sordid and
selfish ? Time is money, ink-slinging
is labor as really as honej'-slinging.
and "the laborer is vvorthy of his
hire." Do Messrs. Alley and Jones
take pay for their hives and other
" bee-fixins' " for "the mere love of
gain," without concern to give value
for value ? If they are not mere
" monc}' grabbers," whj' do they judge
those to be such whose forte is not in
hive-making and queen-rearing, but in
helping to diffuse apicultural knowl-
edge hj means of the press ?

This kind of slur comes with an ex-
ceedinglj- ill-grace from Mr. Jones.
No man owes more to the pens of
others than he does. He cannot write
an article tit to be read, and his best
effusions need a great deal of touching
up by some one who knows how to do
it. Does Mr. Macpherson work for
nothing, in putting Mr. Jones' ideas
into readable shape ; or in getting paj'
for what he does, is he onl}' concerned
about his net receipts ?

Like queries might be asked about
men in all the walks of business. There
are mercenary men everywhere, but
the great mass of those who live by
honest iudu.stry. are anxious to give an
equivalent for every dollar they re-
ceive, and cannot be justly reproached
because they take pay for their work.

'30

TM® MBdEMIC'MK BE® JQ^UKKMIL-.

^■^■*-*-*^-^^*^^^^-^^^-*-^-*^-^-^^'^

The remarks of IMessrs. Alley and
Jones are ileadly shots fired at the
whole array of wage-workers — them-
selves iiifluded.

What is it but asking alms like a
mendicant, for IVIr. AUej-. or any one
I'lse, to say to a bee-keeper, •■Please
[live me ail article detailing your dear
bought knowledge, experience and
Ijost methods ?" Tlie slirewd, sensible,
and big-hearted editor of the Ixcvietv,
W. Z. Hutchinson, sees this clearly
enough, and though he has fought his
way into the chair he fills so well,
though a sea of diflieulties that would
have engulfed almost any other man.
is able to sa}". w'ith honest pride, tiiat
he has paid for nearly everj- article
that has appeared in his journal, and
that when it comes to begging articles
he will have done with bee-journalism.
He also says, and it hits hard in cer-
tain quarters, that the editor of a bee-
periodical who depends ou the stray
scraps of information that come in
at hap-hazard. stands a poor show in
comparison with one who has at his
command the pens of the most experi-
enced apiarists and the best of writers.
I am a Canadian, proud of m}' coun-
trj'. and among its other products,
proud of the galax}' of bee-keepers it
can boast, but I shall never cease to
regret the fact that here •■ the first $1
weekly " was born into the world of
apicultural literature. It would never
have been done, had counsel been
taken with representative Canadian
bee-keepers. No man is more sensible
of Mr. Jones' many excellent qualities,
and of the eminent services he has
rendered to bee-keeping ; no man has
been and is more readj' to acknowledge
these, by tongue and pen. than I ; but.
in his foolish ambition to be the Great
Mogul of apiculture, he was unwilling
to leave any sphere for others to fill,
and determined to have " no rival
near his throne." Tlie results of his
grasping, monopolizing spirit have
been disastrous in many waj's. Bee-
literature has had to be published at
prices that did not afford a living
profit to editors and contributors ; here
in Canada, we have only half a bee-
periodical, when we miglit have had a
whole one, as good as the best ; and a
pauperized, -Cheap John" air has
been thrown around the whole pursuit.
The approaching International Con-
vention could not do a better thing
than take up the state of our bee-litera-
ture with a view of creating a more
just and generous public sentiment
among bee-keepers, and a willingness
to pay something more like 'value
received "as the subscription price of
such apicultural journals as have hon-
estly earned the riglit to live, by being
willing to "let live." and -help live."
Guelph. Ont.

IN" COUNSEL.

Report of the ITiiiun Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention.

Wnttcnior the American Dec Journal
BY DANIEL SHANK.

The Union Bee-Keepers' Association
met at the City Hall in Hamilton. Ills.,
at 1 p.m.. on Oct. 10, IStlO. There
being present at the hour of opening.
President S. N. Black. Daniel Shank,
Secretary ; W. Williams. Treasurer,
and several others. The minutes were
read and approved.

The first question w.as, "Extracted
honey ; how to obtain it, and how to
dispose of it." and was answered bj-
C. P. Dadant.

"How to get the most prolific
queens," was answered by T. S.
Wallace.

S. N. Black asked ; • How old must
a queen be when she mates with a
drone, in order to become a prolific
queen ?"

Mr. Wallace said : From 10 to 12
days. She will then Lay in 3 or 4 days
after mating.

Mr. Black asked: "Has any one
had experience in rearing queens in
the upper stories of hives ?" No one
present had ever tried it.

Question: "Are half-blood queens
larger than those of full-blood ?" Mr.
Wallace and Mr. Dadant both replied.
Yes.

Question : "Which is the best, pure
Italians or hybrids ?" Mr. Dadant an-
swered : Full bloodetl Italians.

Mr. Dadant asked Mr. Wallace :
"Do you select your drones with ref-
erence to color ?"

Mr. Wallace : Yes. I select my best
and yellowest drones.

Mr. Dadant said : Qualitj' cannot be
measured by color.

Mr. Wallace : My most prcdific
queen is a half-blooded Italian.

Question : " Are the drones of mis-
mated queens pure as to the mothers'
stock ?"

Messrs. Dadant. Black and Wallace
all answered. Yes.

Question: " Does the color of the
drone have anything to do with the
purity of the colony " Mr. Dadant an-
swered. No.

Mr. Lefler : " How do you rear the
most prolific queens ?"

Mr. Wallace answered : My old plan
was to take tlie best queen out of a
pure colony, then cut out the queeii-
itells from the same hive and graft
them into the combs of a queenless
colony. By my new plan. I now rear
them in the parent colony, by putting
wire-cloth cups over the queon-cells.
By this method you can leave the
queen in the hive all the time.

Mr. Black said : I get a prolific
queen by feeding the colony liberally
early in the spring.

Mr. Dadant said : A queen reared
from a worker egg from 3 to 6 days
old, is as good as a queen reared from
eggs in queen-cells.

Question : "Are the characteristics
of drones as important as those of
queens in producing prolific queens ?"
Mr. Dadant answered. Yes.

Mr. Ogle said : The best time to rear
a prolific queen is during swarming
time. Take out 2 or 3 frames of brood,
and make nuclei. I find that such
queens are best.

Question: "How would you dr-
crease the number of colonies ?"

Mr. Wallace answered : Double up
the weak ones in the fall, and select
the best queen. Do your work about
sundown, and smoke both colonies
thoroughly while uniting them.

Mr. Djidant said : I use peppermint
diluted with water, sprinkling them
freel}' while uniting the colonies.

Mr. Ogle : I unite colonies by put-
ting one ou the top of the other ; put-
ting wire-cloth between them, for a
few days ; then I draw it out. Of
course I killed one of the queens when
first put together.

Question: " Has anj? one tried the
queen-excluding honey-board ?"

Mr. Ogle said : Yes. The queens
never get through it. I was well
pleased, and I think I obtained more
honey in that way.
Mr. Dadant said :
never kill drones.
Mr. Black said :
bees in September,

Queenless colonies

When a colonj- of

and later, are full

of drones, I am sure they are queenless.

Question by Mr. Black : ■ ' Have
drones been plenty in your colonies
during the season just past ?" Messrs.
Dadant, Shank and Wallace answered
that the drones were very few.

Question: "How do you reduce
drone breeding?"

Mt. Dadant answered : Cut out al-
most all the drone comb, early in the
spring ; graft in worker-comb, or use
comb foundation.

S. N. Black said that he thought that
matured drones eat a great deal of
honey. He also thought that black
queens and Italian drones produced
the best of all hybrid bees.

Question: "Are drones good for
any other purpose than breeding?"

Mr. Dadant answered : No ; one
good colony with drones is enough for
a whole apiary.

Question : " Why do bees sometimes
desert their hives, leaving plenty of
hone}' and brood ?"

Mr. McDaniel said that he had such
experience, but knew of no cause
for it.

TH® mjsuBRicmn mmm jouRisai!^.

i-i

Mr. Black and Mr. Wallace liad the
same experience, but ueithei- could
give any fjood reason.

A motion was made and carried to
adjourn, to meet the next morning at
tho residene(! of Mr. Dailant.

On the morning of the 11th inst.,
the meeting was called to order at
10:45.

The following report of colonies of
bees, and honey gathered, was made
by those present :

Colonies Pounds of Colonies
in Spring. Honey, in Kali.

S. N. Black 60 200 75

H. Ogle 60 300 63

Thos. Wallace 126 .'iOO 136

Geo. Williams 19 400 20

D. W. McDaniel....lOO 800 107

Chas. Dadaut 400 6000 400

Daniel Shank 18 300 18

A bill of i|^. 10, for badges, was al-
lowed, and ordered to be paid.

It was, upon motion, decided to hold
the next meeting at Clayton, on the
call of the executive board.

The election of officers resulted as
follows :

President, S. N. Black. Clayton. Ills.

Vice-President, C. P. Dadaut. Ham-
ilton. Ills.

Secretary, Daniel Shank, Clayton. Ills.

Treasurer. T. S.Wallace, Clayton, 111.

A motion was made and carried that
we affiliate with the International
American Bee-Association, and Daniel
Shank was elected a delegate to the
Convention to be held at Keokuk on
the 29th inst.

On motion, ihe Convention ad-
journed. Daniel Shank. Sec.

HELP

By Our Societies — District, State
and Kalioiial.

Read at the Southwestern Wis. Convention

BY N. E. FRANCE.

There is not an honest, honorable
industry in America but what has its
periodicals and societies devoted to
the advancement of its particular work.
The successful ones are those that
carefully read and investigate, attend
their conventions, and apply, by actual
experience, the knowledge learned. It
is so in our industry. With all our
literature and the various societies, it
is strange there is so much ignorance
and lack of systematic knowledge.

At our Farmers' Institute last win-
ter, some farmer asked Gov. Hoard
what was the best crop to depend upon
for Wisconsin farmers. He replied,
'■ Cultivated brain and muscle." That
is the object of these institutes, to stir
up ideas, by holding counsel together.
and then go home and apply what is
learned.

Apiarists cannot alVord to be witli-
out biH'-literature, and so far as tliey
can alVord, slinuld attend our societies.
If there is any subject in bee-culture
you ilo not understand, the best way
tliat I know of, is to carcfLiliy study
the views of others, through our liter-
ature, and then write your own. Send
it to some bee-paper for publication,
and soon this subject will be at your
command.

One of the reasons why our meetings
do so little good, is because we do not
post ourselves ; and then we go to the
convention as a drone, and listen to
what is said — saying nothing in re-
turn.

If you liavc something you think an
improvement, either in management,
or in the line of supplies — bring it to
tlie front, and show it to others at our
meetings and in the bee-papers. For
instance : One likes his method of
wintering or swarming, kind of ex-
tractor, section-box, hive, or what
ever it may be, better than any he
ever saw. Let us all see it, and quite
likely by comparing notes, you will see
where you can improve.

Some one says, I am no speaker, let
some one else talk. If we all followed
this mivii-style. what a quiet meeting
it would be. and no one v/onld be
benefltted. Whoever heard of a bee-
keeper who was anxious to learn, find-
ing fault with his brother apiarists for
expressing their views ?

Some years ago thefe was a similar
organization to this — of the Southwest-
ern Wisconsin bee-keepers. They had
several meetings here, and some in
neighboring cities. Where is it now ?
Dead ! SimiJly because very few were
willing to take an active part in it !
Have we met for a like history ? No.
We have no drones in our society ;
thej' are all workers.

Let us look at the history of our

■Mational Bee-Keepers' Union." It

was oranized in 1885, to protect the

interests of bee-keepers, and to defend

their rights.

In 1885. a ease was taken into court
at Richland Centre, against our neigh-
bor, Mr. Frci'born. The Union made
such a stir in the matter, showing such
fighting enthusiasm that there would
have been a livelj' time had tliere been
a trial, on the merits of the case. The
Union paid $131 to defend the case,
and we arc to-day reaping the reward
of the victor}' it gained.

Then there came the California
grap<^ suit against Mr. Bohn. whieli
the Union brought to a successful
issue.

Also the case of manufacturing comb
honey, in which our .Secretaiy (Mr.
Newman, of Chicago.) compelled Rev.
Robert West, in his paper and other
papers, to retract his stati'inent "that

bce-keepeis now manufacturecl comb,
filled it witli glucose, and capped thi'
so-called honey l)y macliiiiery."

The next year the Postmaster at
(irillin. (Ja., refused to receive fjuecn>;
in the mail because of attcn<ling work-
ers, clainiing that the Postal Regula-
tions permitted only (|ucen-bees ; not
dron(>s or workers. Tin' Union made-
an appeal to the Postmaster Oeni-ral.
and as a result, got the law amendo«l
to read, ■■ (iueen-bees with necessary
attendants.'

Then the Postmaster at Suspension
Bridge refused to receive queens for
Canada by mail. An appeal bj" tlie
Union resulted in an order to '-let tlie
bees pass !"

Then came the California bee ami
fruit suit, which cost our Union $384.
The raisin-growers (at tlie close of the
suit) admitted they were mistaki-n T
The idea that fruit sutlers because of
the presence of bees, is rididuloiis .''
The good they do in fertilizing the
fruit bloom, far outweighs any possible
evil that could follow from their
presence !

Next came that ■■scientific pleas-
antry." in which the Union demanded
a retraction by Dr. Kellogg, of Battle
Creek, Mich., who, in his book, -Cood
Health," stated as did Prof. Wiley, that
■■bee-keepers were manufacturing
comb from paraffine. tilling it with
glucose, and capping the same by
machinery."

Mr. Darling, of Waterbury. Conn.,
was sued for $500 damages, and or-
dered to remove his bees from the
city. As soon as his opponent dis-
covered he was backed by the Union,
he dismissi'd the case ! This suit only
costing $50 for the defense !

C. C. Richardson, of Tipton, Ind...
was sued for keeping bees ; declaring
them to be a nuisance. He was de-
fended by the Union, and the case
was easily dismissed by the court.

The City Council of Fort Wayne.
Ind.. passed an ordinance against
keeping bees within the city limits.
Through tlie eiibrts of the Union, the
law became only a dead letter !

The City of Arkadelphia. Ark., sued
and ordered Z. A. Clark to remove his.
bees from the city within 30 days, and
for a time he was in prison. The L'nion
appealed the case to the State Supreme
Court, and gained a grand victory :

The McCormick Bill, in Michigan,
was intended to •wipe apiculture
out of the State." The Union ap-
pointed Prof. Cook and jNIr. Heddon to
head it off ; they made such a bur.r.iwj
about it. that McCormick tabled his
own motion, and let it die !

Then Mr. Olmsted sued S. W. Rich
for $1,200 damages upon his person
and property, by the bees. The jury
(from which every person liaving bees

82

T'M® mm^mmicmn mmm joi^KifMi*.

was excliuled) gave him but 6 cents to
«over his WDunded feelings and dam-
ages ! So mucli for IS^^T.

I will not tire you by going over
ISSS. 188',l and 18110, but in eouclusion
will say. that in all attacks against the
pursuit of bee-keepers, which the Union
has tleenied it expedient to vindicate,
it has scored a victory — what no in-
<lividual could have done single-
handed !

It is strange that any bee-keeper
should hesitate to become a member
of the Union ! It ought to have thou-
sands of members, where now it has
only about 450. If the Union is to
<^ontinue its good work, it must be
supported both by the financial as well
as the moral intiuence of all apiarists
of America. It only costs $1 per year
to belong to it. and how dare you. my
brother apiarists, to be without it ?

Platteville. Wis.

Poor Season for Honey.

This has been a poor season for honey in
this part of Obio. I started in the spring
with 54 colonies, increased them by nat-
ural swarming to 92, and took about 850
pounds of honey in sections. I did not
extract any, therefore my beee are all in
good condition for winter, except 3 or 4,
and those I am feeding. There is a splen-
did sward of white clover on the ground
now for another year, if the winter is not
too severe. I am a great friend of the Bee
JiUHX.M., and wish that every bee-keeper
in the country would read it.

E. Hexki.e.

Washington C. H., O., Oct. 15, 1890.

3i« Fall Honey !!$ecure<I.

I commenced the season of 1890 with 28
colonies of bees, 2 of which were queen-
less. I increased them to 40 colonies, and
obtained about 1,000 pounds of clover
honey. There is no fall honey here. Cool,
dry weather prevailed most of the time,
but the bees have plenty of stores for
winter. Jerry Scott.

Clarinda. Iowa, Oct. 16. 1890.

Utile Honey on Ilie Market.

The honey season here is a complete fail-
ure, as far as surplus is concerned, and of
honey there is little of any kind to be seen
upon the market. The backward spring so
weakened some colonies that they barely
regained their strength, und gathered
enough to winter. Strong colonies that
were carefully ted and provided for in the
spnng, so they did not suflfcr, have gath-
ered very little surplus. During such sea-
sons I learn that it does not pay to have
weak colonies, and I am strongly impressed
with the idea of keeping no great number
at one place, so that I hardly ever fail of
some surplus, as I find that those in a small
■ut apiary have a little surplus, with
scarcely more trouble than looking them
over several times.

Marshville, O. Cmui-tun' Weckesseu.

Too Wet for Honey-Secretion.

The honey crop was very poor here this
season. Most of the bee-keepers did not
get any honey. I had only 400 pounds of
comb honey from 36 colonies — all from
basswood ; and we had to feed for winter.
My bees have usuallj' obtained a good deal
of golden-rod honey, but the rains cut off
the crop this fall. There were quantities
of flowers of both golden-rod and asters.
ASHER M. CoE.

Coe Ridge, 0., Oct. 13, 1890.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

Bees and Oolden-Rod.

Bees are busy humming on golden-rod
here. I can smell it when visiting an
apiary, and I often see them working on
it in the fields. There are hundreds of acres
of golden rod in full bloom at Brocton, and
the bees are busy on it all the time. No
one here claims that bees eat grapes. One
enthusiastic grape-grower keeps 20 colonies
of bees, and another has 18 colonies. This
is a grand country for grapes. There are
4,000 acres of grapes under cultivation
here, and 10 carloads of grapes are being
daily shipped. One man ships 2,000
baskets a week from 60 acres.

J. W. Tefft.

Brocton, N. Y., Oct. 8, 1890.

Ciood Honey Crop.

Our honey crop is about an average ;
from 100 to 175 pounds of comb honey
per colony, spring count. Our honey is so
thick as to make it very difficult to ex-
tract. Wm. Willis.

Montrose, Colo., Oct. 11, 1890.

Halt a Crop.

The bees did not do well in this section
this season, owing to the wet and cloudy
weather, both in the early and latter part
of the honey season. Swarms and honey
were only about half an average.

H. J. Strebv.

Spring Gap, W. Va,, Oct. 7, 1890,

Fair Crop of Honey.

I got 40 pounds of extracted clover and
linden honey per colony. I have not yet
found time to take the fall honey off, but
expect to have from 15 to 20 pounds each,
from my 20 colonies, D E. Robhins.

Payson, Ills., Oct. 20, 1890.

Almost a Failure.

The honey season has closed here with
almost a failure, as far as surplus is con-
cerned. I secured about 700 pounds of
extracted honey from 50 colones, but the
bees are generally well supplied with stores
for winter. Golden-rod saved us ; without
it we would have been compelled to feed
the bees for winter stores. L. G, Piuvis,

Forest City, Mo., Oct. 20, 1890.

Alsike tor Honey.

My honey crop this year \i;as a complete
failure, with the exception of my Alsike
clover, which, being pastuved, has con-
tinued to bloom the entire season, and my
50 colonies of bees have gathered enough
from the fall blossoms to winter them
nicely. Bruce Knight.

Utica, Mich,, Oct, 20, 1890,

Cliit>s of 5 for .$4,00 to any addresses.
Ten for $7.50, if all are sent at one time.

DENVER, Oct, 13,— Wc quote: 1-lbs., first
grade. 16@18e. Ext, 7®8c, Beeswax, 20@2.5c
J. M. CLARK COM. CO.. 1517 Blake St.

DETROIT, Oct. 13.— No white honey in the
market: dark or fall hone.\' seUs at 14@15c. —
Extracted, 7(Si8c. Beeswax, 2T@28c,

M H. HUNT. BeU Branch. Mich.

NEW YORK, Oct. 24.— We quote: Fanev 1-
Ibs., while, 16@18e.; 2-lbs., white, 14®l5c.
Off grades, 1-lbs., 14(».1,')0, : 2-lbs.. 12@13c.
Buckwheat. 1-lbs., 12@i:!c.; 2-lbs., 10®llc.—
Extracted, white clover ;iiid basswood, 8@8!4c
buckwheat. 7c.: Calit'ornia,6(4@7 cents per lb.
Southern. 70c per gallon,

HILDRETH BKOS, & SEGELKEN,
28-30 West Broadway.

MILWAUKEE, Oct. 11.— Market is in good
condition for hone.v: demand is steady and
good values maintained, while the supply is
fair to meet the current demands. We quote:
Choice white 1-lbs,, 17(o 18c. : good white 1-lbs.
10@17c. Dark and old 1-lbs., 10@12c. Ex-
tracted, white in barrels. H^j^Oc; iu kegs or
tin. 9®9i4c. : dark, in barrels or kegs, 6@7c. —
Beeswax, 26®30c.

A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.

CHICAGO, Oct, 11.— Best grades of honey
sell at 17@18c. For brown and dark in un-
cleaned sections there is a light demand, the
prices having to be shaded to meet the view's
of the lew buyers there arc for that grade. —
Extracted, steady at 7®8c.— demand is good.
Beeswax, 27®28c.

R. A. BURNETT. 161 S. Water St.

CHICAGO, Oct. 11. — New honey arriving
very slowly, demand active, and all receipts
are taken prompt!j\ We quote: White clover
1-lbs.. 16@18c.: 2-lbs., 14@15c.; dark 1-lbs,,
ll@12c; 2-lbs,, 9@10e. Extracted meets with
quick sale, values ranglog from 6^®7'^ cts.,
depending upon qnalitj' and style of package.
Beeswax, 28®i30c.

S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITT. Oct. 24.— We quote 1-lb.
white comb, 16@18c: 1-lb. dark comb, 12@14c;
extracted. 5@7c. California 1-lb. white comb.
16®17c: 1-lb. extra C & C. 16c; 2-lb. extra
C & 0, 14c; 2-lb. white, l,">c: extracted, 6 ".®7c.
CLEMONS. MASON & CO.,

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

CINCINNATI. Oct. 18.— The demand for ex-
tracted honey is good, with almost no dark on
the market. We have bought the second car-
load of California honey, for which there is a
good trade; but it will not fill the place of
Southern honey with many manufacturers.
Extracted honey brings ,")',4®8 cents a pound.
There is no comb honey in our market.

Beeswax is iu good demand at 24®26c., for
good to choice yellow. C, F. MUTH \- SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

CATARRH.

CATARRHAL DEAFNESS-HAY FEVER.

A Ne^ Home Treatment.
Sufferers are not generally aware that
these diseases are contagious, or that they
are due to the presence of living parasites
in the lining membrane of the nose and
eustachian tubes. Microscopic research,
however, has proved this to be a fact, and
the result of this discovery is that a simple
remedy has been formulated whereby
catarrh, catarrhal deafness and hay fever
are permanently cured in from one "to three
simple applications made at home by the
patient once in two weeks.

N. B, — This treatment is not a snuff or an
ointment; both have been discarded by
reputable physicians as injurious. A
pamphlet explaining this new treatment is
sent free on receipt of stamp to pay pos-
tage, by A. H. Dixon & Son, 337 and 339
West King Street, Toronto, Canada. —
Christian Advocate.

Sufferers from Catarrhal troubles should
carefully read the above.
DOE26t Iraly.

Tmm mvm.mmicmn be® jouhnkl.

783

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739

hmtm»m^m»mtm»mtm'- — - — '-—'-^'-^^ — '- — ' — ^^''^-^'-'^'-^^t

EDITOR.

VoinVI, 17.8,1890. No. 45.

Rutumnal glories all now may see,
Pleasures unbounded, joys on the lea ;

Nuts for the squirrel, sweets for the bee,
Surely Heaven means well toward me.

The Convention Report occupies
almost all our space this week, to the exclu-
sion of other matter which had been "set
up." It is the newest news, and will be
anxiously looked for by our readers. Our
remarks about the Convention are also
crowded out. It was an enthusiastic meet-
ing, and was attended much more numA--
ously than we had expected. The Report
will be given as fast as room is found for it.

IVIr. Bl. N. Draper, of Upper Alton,
Ills., has placed sample of extracted honey
on our desk, being the same as exhibited
at the Convention at Keokuk. He puts it
up in jars like the "Muth," containing
from J 3 to 2 pounds each. Also in 25
pound cans. The honey is thick, and of a
nice quality.

"VVe Regret that our friend, Mr. W.
Z. Hutchinson, the able editor of that
interesting paper, the Bee-Keepers' Bc-
vJew, was absent from the International
Convention. His recent illness, from which
he has not yet fully recovered, made his
absence compulsory. Though absent in
body, he was "present in spirit," and his
non-appearance was universally regretted.
For several years he was the Secretary
(and a good one, too), and his genial smile,
hearty shake of the hand, and pleasant
words, made him welcome to many hearts.
We hope he will soon recover his usual
health and strength.

To Rflove Bees a short distance is
quite a simple matter, but Mr. J. Blain, of
St. Catherines, Out., wants us to answer
the following question :

Having sold my place, I want to move
my bees about one fourth of a mile. How
and when should it be done to avoid loss ?

It would be best to move them near
spring, but they can be moved any time in
the winter, after they have been confined
to the hives for three or four weeks, for
bees always mark their location anew
before taking their first flght in the spring.

Fasten the frames either by putting
down square sticks between the end-bars,
or by fastening the top-bars with a brad,
and the bottoms with a piece of notched
wood. Tack wire-cloth over the entrances.

If you move your bees by wagon, put a
wood rack on a lumber wagon, nail boards
inside the stakes, and fill up the space
about two feet with hay, and then place
the hives on the hay, with the frames cross-
ing the road-bed.

Samples of Honey are received
from John D. Adams, of Nira, Iowa— one
being from white and the other from red
clover. Both are of excellent quality, and
have a nice " body." It is extracted honey,
and it is put up in jelly cups.

Canada seut two delegates to the
International Convention — the Rev. W. F.
Clarke and R. McKnight— two able dele-
gates, as well as liberal-minded clever
gentlemen.

Pror. Cooli's essay upon "The Re-
quisites Necessary to Secure a Honey
Crop," read at the International Conven-
tion was valuable and timely. We shall
publish it next week, and bespeak for it a
very careful perusal. We are sorry that
the Professor was unable to be present.
We missed him very much. His place
cannot be filled by any other person, no
matter how learned or profound. When
he is not present at a National "gathering
of the clan," there is truly " one vacant
ohair."

The Agricultural Experiment Sta-
tions of the country, over fifty in number,
issue annually some three hundred bulletins
and reports of from four to two hundred
and fifty pages each. Very few people
have access to all of these publications, and
fewer still can afford the time required to
note the character and results of the ex-
periments they describe. Those who find it
desirable to keep pace with the progress of
agricultural experimentation will find a
condensed record of all station work in the
Experiment Station Record, issued by the
United States Department of Agriculture.
The October number is being distributed,
and the November number also is practi-
cally ready.

Queens Laying in the Fall.—

Mr. C. A. Spencer, Farmersville, Mo., asks
the following questions :

I have 50 colonies of bees. I bought 15
colonies two years ago. I got 600 pounds
of comb honey this year. The drouth here,
this spring, weakened some of the young
colonies until I had to feed them ; and not
paying as much attention to them as I
should have done, I found 2 of them out of
honey. I united and fed them. Two colo-
nies were full of moths, with plenty of
honey, but few bees. I found no queen,
young bees or eggs. I suppose they had
lost their queen, so I looked at a number of
young colonies, and I found all but two in
the same condition. Do the queens stop
laying in the fall and during cold weather*
If so, at what time in the fall does she stop
laying ; C. A. Spencer.

Farmersville, Mo., Oct. 20, 1890.

Mr. G-. M. Doolittle answers this in these
words : "In this locality queens generally
stop laying from Sept. 15 to Oct. 1. That
you found no brood in your hives on Oct.
20 is nothing strange ; but the part about
the moths would be strange, especially if
the bees were Italians. Have you not been
allowing a lot of old combs to lie around
until they have bred a large lot of these
enemies of the bees, so that they now in-
fest the populated hives ? If your colonies
are too weak to winter well, unite them.

mi AVho Subscribe for the Ameri-
can Bee Journal can hereafter have our
Illustrated Home Journal also, from the
time their subscriptions are received to
Jan. 1. 1892— both papers for only 91.35.
We can also furnish Oleanings in Bee-
Culture for same time with the above, for
$>3.15 for all three periodicals This is an
offer that should be accepted by all who
keep bees, and desire the regular visits of
these standard publications — all three pe
riodicals from now to Jan. 1, 1892, for the
price named.

R Honey Cougb Remedy Com-
pany of Brooklyn, N. Y., have procured
12,000 handsome exhibition hives, made
of black walnut, and are placing them in
drug stores to advertise their remedy. This
news is sent by Mr. E. L. Pratt's father,
who says that " it will greatly popularize
honey." It is, no doubt, a novel way of
advertising, and will probably add many
shekels to the Company's income.

Free Trial Trip subscriptions are
coming in quite rapidly. We thank our
friends for this new illustration of their
personal interest in the Bee Journal. We
want thousands to read it for a few weeks
who did not know of its existence. Do not
be afraid of sending too many names. Let
us have the name and address of every
person who keeps bees in America.

Clubs of 5 for 14.00 to any addresses.
Ten for $7.50, if all are sent at one time.

740

T'HS MMBMKDfiff mmm jQ>ismmmL,.

CONTENTION DIRECTORY.

1891. Time aiid place of meeting.

Jan. 1, 2,— Michigan State, at Detroit. Mich.

H. D. Cutting. Sec, Clinton, Mich.

May 7.— Susquehanna County, at Montrose. Pa.

H. M. Seeley, Sec, Hartord, Pa.

I^" In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — The Editor.

International Bee-Association.

President— Hon. R. L. Taylor. .Lapeer, Mich.
Secretary— C. P. Dadant Hamilton, Ills.

National Bee-Eeepers' Union.

President — James Heddon ..Dowagiae, Mich.
Seo'y and Manager— T. G. Newman. Chicago.

Uniting Colonicsiiu the fall is thus
practiced by a correspondent with excel-
lent success. He says :

If I had 4 small colonies that wished to
unite, I would move them together, and
let them get well established in their new
location before disturbing them. I would
move them in the evening, after all the
workers had returned from the fields, aud
and put grass or straw in front of the hive
entrance, so that they could not leave as
usual ; a board in front, to bump their
beads against, will cause them to notice a
change in their location, and take their
bearings.

When established in their new home, I
would remove all their ijueensbut one, and
(rage them, choosing the best one to remain
with the colony.

When wanted to unite them, I would
remove the hives from their old stand, and
place a new hive in the center of the place
where they stood, placing a smooth board
in front of it to brush the bees upon. Then
I would remove the frames containing
brood from all the hives, bru.sh otf all the
bees, and put the frames promiscuously
into the new hive, and jjour all the bees
together in front of it, and drive the bees
into it with smoke.

As neither of the colonies can lay claim
to this home, they accept the conditions,
and unite peaceably.

The frames containing empty comb I
Avould store in a safe place for another
season's use, and of those containing honey
I would uncap a few at a time and place
them in the second story with a small
aperature in the covering, over the frames
of the lower story, to permit the bees to
come up and carry the honey below.

When the combs were all clean, dry and
empty, I would store them away and fill
their place with more. The honey that the
four small colonies had, may be sufficient
for the united colony, which will be strong
in-bees, and be able another season to pay
for the labor of uniting.

If they had been left alone all the owner
would have had in the spring would have
been hives with empty comb, the honey all
being gone, and dead l)ees for the compost
heap.

Ttao»<e 'Wlio Have any honey to
dispose of should use the Honey Almanac
as a salesman. We have a few left for this
year, and offer them at half price. See
page 751 of this paper.

JX. Trial Trip subscriber is so well
pleased with the Bee Journ.il that he
wrote us as follows :

I have received three numbers of the
Bee Journal through the kindness of
some one, and I am so much pleased with
it that I cannot longer withhold my sub-
scription to such a valuable paper. I
therefore enclose a dollar to pay from now
until December 1891, as you so kindly
offer.

I also enclose 35 cents more to make the
club rate for it and the Illustrated Home
Journal, for the same time, a sample of
which I have also received, aud have read
with more than ordinary interest.

With these two valuable Journals I
shall be well supplied for the coming year.
It is a marvel to me how you can publish
them for such a very small sum.

W.M. T. Johnson.

This is a sample of quite a number of
similar communications we have received.
We are glad of the generous response to
our present of four weekly issues of the
Bee Journal. We shall try to make full
value for the money sent us for both
Journals for the coming year.

CL,UBBII%C; L,ISX.

We Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the I.iAS'r
column. The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book ;

Price 0/ both.
The American Bee Journal $100...

and Gleaning-s in Bee-Culture 2 00...

Bee-Keepers' Guide 150. .

Bee-Keepers' Review 1 50...

TheApiculturist 1 75...

Bee-Keepers' Advance 1 50...

Canadian Bee Journal 2 00 ..

The 7 above-named papers 5 25 . . .

and Langstroth Revised (Dadant) 3 00 . . .
Cook's Manual (1 887 edition) 2 25. ..
Quinby's New Boc-Keeping. 2 50...
Doolittle on Queen-Rearing. 2 00...
Bees and Honey (Newman). . 2 00...
Binder for Am. Boe Journal. 1 60...
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth). .■) 00. . .
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25 . . .

Farmer's Account Book 4 00...

Western World Guide 150...

Heddon's book, "Success," . . 150...

A Year Among the Bees 1 50 . . .

.Convention Hand-Book 150. .

Weekly Inter-Ocean 200...

Toronto Globe (weekly) 2 00 . . .

History ol National Society. 1 50...
American Poultry Journal.. 2 25...

The Lever (Teuipeiance) 2 00 . . .

Orange Judd Farmer 2 00 . .

Farm, Field and Stockman.. 2 00...
Prairie Farmer 2 00 . . .

I>o not send to us for sample copies
of any other papers. Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.

Club.

1 75
1 40
1 40
1 65
1 40

1 80
5 00

2 75
2 00
2 25
i 75
1 75

1 50

2 00
2 10
2 20
1 :jo
1 40
1 .'!5
1 30
1 75
1 70
1 25
150
1 75
1 G5
1 65
1 05

Xlie "Fariu-Poiiltry"' is a 20-page
monthly, published in Boston at 50 cents
per year. It is issued with a colored cover
and is finely illustrated throughout.

We have arranged to club the American
Bee Journal with the Farm-Ponltry at
$1.35 per year tor the two. Or with the
Illustrated Hosie Journal at $1.75 for
the three.

'EMES % Replies,

The Inffnence of Drones on
Sivarming.

Written Sor the Atrurican Bte Journal

Query 737. — Do bees ever cast a swanit.
before they have drones in spring * — R W.

No. — M. Mahin.

No. — A. B. Mason.

I do not know. — R. L. Taylor. '

I think not, unless starved out.— C H

DiBBERN.

I have never known them to do so. — IMk.s-
L. Harrison.

Yes, but not often, if in a normal condi-
tion.—H. D. Cutting.

No, unless it should be a forced swarm —
J. M. Hambaugh.

Certainly, not often. I do not know
whether they ever do. — C. C. Miller.

I think they do, although it is not usual.
— G. L. Tinker.

I never knew them to do so, but think
they might do such a thing. — G. M. Dofi-

LITTLE.

I never knew them to do so. Others may
have had different experience. — J. E. Pond-

Not usually ; but drones are not a neces-
sary condition of swarming, though they
are there, as a rule.— D.iDANT & Son.

I do not know. I never had swarms till
after I had seen drones in the apiary. —
Eugene Secor.

Not a natural swarm. If they swarm
before there are drones,it is from starvation,
or some abnormal causes. — P. L. Viallon.

If it is a natural swarm uninfluenced by
any extraneous pressure, it always has
drones hatched, or in a good stage of
development. Abnormal swarms pay no
attention to drones being present.— J. P.
H. Brown.

I have never known such a case. If drones,
were all kept out by artificial pruning of
the comb, I think they would get swarms
just the same.— A. J. CoOK.

Certainly : we have lots of colonies that
never have a drone ; not a bit of drone-
comb in the hive; not a cell, and never a
drone seen flying around the hive ; and tljese
colonies swarm like others — James Heddon.

O, yes. The presence of drones does not
regulate swarming. I have quite a num-
ber of colonies every season that have
their brood-combs so solid with worker-
cells that I never see drones pass in or out
of the hive. Yet these colonies swarm just
like other colonies do, that are allowed to
rear drones. Bees seem to instinctively
understand that there are drones in their
season, whether they are present in the
hive or not.— G. W. Demaree.

Abnormal swarms occur whether the
colony have drones or not. If drones are
not in the hive from which a swarm issues,
the bees seem to know that they come reg-
ularly in their seasou, and are in existence,
and will fertilize the new queen, even if
there are none in that particular hive. —
The Editor.

WeM" SMbsc«'«'»ers can have the Bee
Journal and the Illustrated Home Jour-
nal from now until the end of 1S91 for
$1.35. This is a rare opportunity of club-
bing two valuable periodicals for a slight
advance upon the price of one, and getting,
the rest of this year free.

mrmm m^mmMi€Mn mmm j&\$mmTti^.

741

>«^*^*^*^%a>fj— J- — " -"lAatA^AJtaa***^** >»•■>•»•»*•••• ■*••»•**«

INTERNATIONAL.

ileport of the Business, Spceelics
and Discussions.

Written for tlir. Amerlenn Bee Journal

The tweaty-first annual convention
"if the International American Bee-
Association was convened in Grand
Army Hall, Keokuk, Iowa, on Oct. 29,
1890, at I0;30 a.m.

Hon. R. L. Taylor, of Lapeer, Mich.,
-President of the Association, called the
•Convention to order, and C. P. Dadant
of Hamilton, Ills., occupied the Secre-
tary's desk.

Dr. C. C. Miller, of Marengo, Ills.,
formally opened the morning session
with an invocation of the divine bless-
ing, after whicli occurred the reception
of new members, and the payment of
<lues.

Then followed the Address of Wel-
come by

SIAYOK JOHN E. CRAIG,

who said he was not present to deliver
a formal address, but as the chief
■executive officer of the city, to extend
a cordial welcome to the Convention
and the delegates composing it. He
welcomed the Canadian friends as
(heartily as the American citizens.
Americans exhibited a cardinal pride
in referring to the grandeur and great-
ness of this country, whenever an
■opportunity oiiered.

Mr. Craig then alluded to the scen-
■ery in the heart of the Republic, and
isaid it equalled that of Swizerland. He
promised that the people of Keokuk
would be found hospitable, and that
they would courteously try to make it
pleasant for all while here. He thought
that it was the part of wisdom to hold
this International Convention west of
the Mississippi river, as it would widen
the field of labor, and would direct
attention anew to the bee-industi-y.

Mr. Craig concluded by saying that
there was nothing so laborious as the
bee, whicli was an illustration of God's
handiwork that is followed by the
American people, and especially those
of Keokuk.

The response to the address of
Welcome by the Mayor was, by request
of the President, made by Mr. Thomas
■G. Newman, who said :

Mr. President. Ladies and Gentlemen :

On behalf of the International Ameri-
■itan Bee-Association I would say that
we accept the welcome so cordially
made to us by Mayor Craig. We can
well afibrd to plant ourselves in this
fair city, and indulge in a substantial
time of enjoyment for the next three
<lay8. The two great Saints of the
< alendar .sits one at the North and the

other at the South of this cit}-. and this
is " the Gate City" — the gate between
these Saints — St. Louis and St. Paul.
It is also one of the gates to the great
West, with its blooming fields and its
treasures of hidden wealth, as well as
to the vast honey fields of Colorado
and California. Now, as I'epresenta-
tives of the industry of apiculture,
from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans,
and from Hudson Bay to the Gulf of
Mexico, we are met here to discuss the
present status and the future prospects
of the pursuit, and with much pleasure
we witness the cordial welcome of this
beautiful city to its visitors, and wish
for it a glorious future.

The President announced, as the
first topic on the programme. -Fifty
Years' Progress in Apiculture," and
called upon Mr. Thomas G. Newman
to address the Convention on that
subject, which he did. as follows :

Fifty Years' Progress in Apiculture.

Of the Grecian poet, Pinder. it is said
tliat the pluses were very shy with him
until a honey-bee alighted upon his lips ;
after that, his soul was filled with the
most beautiful tlmughts. and his voice
poured forth the sweetest of ))oetry.

In order to give the merest outline of
the sub.iect assigned to me, and make
that •• simple history" interesting to
you, I fear I shall need not only the bee
to touch my tongue, but must have the
Muse herself to plant a rapturous kiss
upon my lips, for we learn that in Greek
Mythology, the Muse was ••on(^of the
nine goddesses who presided over poetry,
painting, music, rhetoric, and the liberal
arts in general"' — then I may speak
words which may interest you.

In order to be able to determine what
has been the progress of Bee-Keeping
during the past 50 years, it will be neces-
sary to ascertain where the ancients left
it, at the date mentioned for my com-
parison to be made.

In "the misty ages of the past," super-
stition held sway over everything, and
the bees were not exempt. The ancients
saw Apiculture only in its crude state.
They had seen its great possibilities, as
it were, only '"through a glass, darkly."

In the time of Abraham and Samson,
they had this "treasure in earthen ves-
sels"— and, in fact, in Palestine and the
East, to-day. they still keep their bees
" in earthen vessels !"

Greek and Roman Sages and Poets
caught only a glimpse of apicultural
possibilities, and then the World was
enveloped in the gloom of " the dark
ages !" Then ignorance and superstition
reigned supreme until the days of Huber
and Bevan. of Dzierzon and Berlepseh,
who cleared away much of the rubbish,
letting the daylight in upon the pursuit.
That is just where we find apiculture
.50 years ago — plodding in the darkness,
but with a small light ahead ; it was but
a dim, tallow rushlight, we grant you,
which then shoue — when compared with
the refulgent rays of the bright orb

which now shines upon the science of
Apiculture, in the closing years of the
19th century.

As all the ■■ wants" were felt, they
were fully sii]iplied.

IMTUOVKl) IIIVKS.

The (irst apicultural "want" in
America was a simple and practical hive
— and .iust then Nature produced that
intelle(/tual giant, whose name is ever
honored by American.s — the Rev. L. L.
Laugstrotli — and he gave us the hive
that had long been needed, with Its
movable-frames and surplus receptacles
— revealing the mysteries of the bee-
economy, revolutionizing the methods
iH'fore jiracticed.and sending old theories
til oblivion I

IMl'ROVED BEES.

A better race of bees was also needed,
and Nature again produced " the men
for the times," who supplanted the
native black bees witli the yellow race.
Here a brief history will be in point :

In 1858, Al|iiue bees were introduced
into Germany. Madame de Padua, of
Mira. Italy, wrote to the Ri^v. Dr. Dzier-
zon. who resided in Lower Silesia, for a
model of his bee-hive, and she sent him
a colony of the yellow bees, which were
the first seen in that part of Europe.

In 185(5, Jlr. Samuel Wagner, then of
York, Pa., attempted to import a few
colonies of Italian bees, but they all
perished on the voyage. In 1860,
Messrs. Wagner, Langstroth and Colvin
succeeded in importing the yellow bees,
from Dr. Dzierzon's apiary.

In 1859, Messrs. S. B. Parsons, of
New York, and P. J. Mahan. of Pennsyl-
vania, were the first to land Italian bees
in North America.

Then importers grew in numbers, and
queen-bees from Italy, Cyprus, Carniola,
vSyria and Palestine followed in rapid
succession, and Messrs. D. A. Jones and
Frank Benton searched all over the
Eastern Hemisphere for other races of
bees, in order to improve our stock and
produce our ideal bee — Aph Amcricnna,
which, by a liberal translation, means
" the Bee of America." By careful
selection and breeding for some years,
many have now produced their ideal bee.
and I am tree to say that now Apis
Amcriea^iu is liere in all its glory !

In deciding upon the merits of our
■idcnl bee, five points are essential, and
may be enumerated thus :

The queen must be proUftc in order to
have the hive full of bees at the proper
time to gatlier the harvest of honey.

The bees must be induatrious, to let
nothing escape their vigorous search
while gathering the nectar.

They must be docile, to allow the
apiarist to manipulate them and the hive
with ease, in order to be protitable.

They must be hanhj. to endure the
rapid changes in this very trying climate.

They must be beautiful, in order to
secure the admiration of the fanciers of
fine stock.

These five points are all essential
characteristics of Apia Americana .'
" Our ideal bee " will be present at the
very moment when the slumbering
flower, under the penetrating dew,
awakes to consciousness, and unfolds its

742

fmi^ Mmmmi^Mm mmm jQ>Jsmmm%e.

buds to take in tho first rays of tlie
morning sun! It will welcome "Old
Sol" at the very break of day ; dip into
that tiny fountain which distils the
honey, drop by drop, and bear away the
sweet treasure to its cells of wax, in its
populous little home.

BENEFITS OF IMPROVED BEES.

To reap the full benefit of the imported
bees, it became necessary to be able to
find an easy and safe method of chang-
ing the natives to the improved variety
— to rear and ship " our ideal bees," and
spread them over the whole continent.
Then as if by magic these methods were
discovered and put into practice, as well
as to increase by " the division of colo-
nies," instead of by swarming — and to
control the fertilization of queens, so as
to assist in the " breeding for good
points," and the elimination of the un-
desirable traits of character.

LITERATURE.

Until then, but little thought had been
devoted in this country to bee-keeping
as an occupation, and still less to it as a
science. True, many kept a greater or
less number of "gums" or "skeps,"
and a few (comparatively a very few)
master minds had conceived any rational
.scientific views regarding many of the
mysteries of the bee-hive ; some did to
an extent comprehend the physiological
history of the honey-bee, but they were
so very few that their wisdom was
almost covered with disrepute by the
ignorant and superstitious ideas of the
masses, who kept bees as did their great-
grandfathers, and whose comprehension
had only kept pace with their improve-
ments.

The master -works of our Father
Langstroth and the late M. Quinby gave
rise to much thought and study, which
in turn led to experiments, and these
created the necessity for a periodical,
in the columns of which new discoveries
could be heralded, accepted theories be
discussed, old prejudices be combatted,
and Apiculture be elevated to its proper
position among the progressive sciences.

In 1861, the Amkrican Bee Journal
was started by tlie late Samuel Wagner.
The Rev. W. F. Clarke ably edited and
managed the Journal for about a year —
and in 1873, it became the property of
the present editor. That much progress
has been made during the 80 years of
the American Bee Journal's existence,
all will acknowledge. Many doubtful
problems have been solved, and new
ideas promulgated ; all tho standard
works on apiculture have been revised,
over and over again ; and published
experiences have proven to tlie several
authors that their books inclined to
error, and none but the most conciiited
have assumed that tliey know it all.

Many other excellent apicultural peri-
odicals an' now published, and there is
a host of good books for bee-keepers, but
time would fail me to mention them all.
or in the few moments allowed me, to do
justice to their excellence. One thing is
certain, however, that the progress and
intelligence displayed in the pursuit of
bee-keeping, shows that much is due to
the liberal use of " printer's ink " in the

excellent periodicals and books devoted
this pursuit —

for printer's ink has built its throne
Where minds their tributes bring-.

And God's most gifted intellects
Shout "printer's ink is king !"

In everj' clime, in coming years,
Will men proud anthems sing.

And round the world the echoes float.
That printer's ink is king 1

bee-conventions.

Perhaps nothing has been more potent
in developing the best thoughts, the
most practical methods, and the ad-
vanced ideas of those devoted to our in-
dustry, than the congregating together
of apiarists in County, District, State
and National Assemblies to consult and
advise about every advancing step in
apicultural progress.

BEE AND HONEY SHOWS.

Grand exhibits of bees and honey at
the various Agricultural Fairs all over
the country, have done much to inform
the masses about honey and its uses,
and, by good-natured rivalry, have raised
the standard of excellence, and enhanced
commercial values.

HONEY FLORA.

By planting for honey-bloom, and pro-
viding continuous pastures for the bees,
from early in the spring until late in the
fall, more honey will be produced, and
bee-keepers will become general bene-
factors—

For generous bloom in all the dales,
And mountain sides will grow ;

And rocks and hills, and brooks and vales.
With milk and honey flow.

EXTRACTING HONEY FROM THE COMB.

The old way of mashing pieces of
comb taken from the breeding apartment
of the hive, and "straining" out the
honey from the bee-bread, dead brood,
etc., was so very undesirable that a new
method was demanded. Centrifugal
force applied to the combs furnished the
desired process.

Major Hruschka's little boy, with a
tin pail, containing a piece of honey
which he swung around for fun, gave
to the world the honey extractor. The
Major noticed that on the further side
of that honey-comb, the honey was gone.
He turned the pieces of comb over, and
told the boy to swing the pail again ; and
then the comb was empty.

That little circumstance was the father
of the honey extractor, which is now so
universally used to take the honey out
of the comb — giving honey, minus the
wax, as the choicest food for man — and
returning the combs, minus the honey,
to be refilled by the bees, without waiting
for new comb to he built — saving much
valuable time for the bees, and tons of
honey to the producer.

A peculiar knife for uncapping tlie
combs before placing them into the ex-
tractor was an alisolute necessity. An
edge like a razor was needed to cleanly
cut off the capiiings, and leave the combs
intact, ready for immediate refilling. —
Tlie steel unca))piug- knife was then
produced, with a lieveled edge, a sharp
point, and as ki^cu as a razor, in just the
nick of time to completely fill that imiit J

THE BELLOWS-SMOKER.

To control the bees while manipulat-
ing the hives, and prevent them from
stinging, was greatly desired— and that
"control" was bestowed on mankind by
the invention of the bellows smoker, just
when it was needed the most.

COMB FOUNDATION.

Left to "their own sweet will," the
bees will build drone-comb and produce
multitudes of drones — "consumers of
honey." Some way to prevent this was
much desired, and was found in the
invention of sheets of wax with corruga-
tions on either side, which the bees
readily accept, build out into worker-
cells, and fill them with honey or eggs as
required — preventing the undesirable
excess of drones, and greatly increasing
the amount of surplus honey.

Stronger combs were needed for the
safe transportation of honey in the comb,
and the timely invention of thin comb-
foundation fully supplied that want.

SMALL PACKAGES FOR HONET.

To cut out comb, filled with honey^
from the breeding apartment, was un-
desirable because of its leaking — and the
invention of the small sections for comb
honey came to the rescue, by giving the
purest virgin comb for table use, a clean
and marketable package, filled with
heaven-distilled nectar, valuable alike
for food and medicine, and enticing, by
its neatness and simplicity, consumers
of the sweet product.

Jars, cans, kegs, etc.. serve the same-
purpose for honey out of the comb — and
add to the commercial value by placing
it within the reach of all consumers.

CONCLUSIONS.

So much has been accomplished in tlie-
past 50 years ; but we are by no means-
satisfied with "present attainments" — we-
shall " press onward." for the grand
possibilities of the future have as yet
hardly dawned upon us. New invention.'*
are just beyond our ken ; grander truth.s
will soon be unfolded : and the loftiei-
altitudes will yet be reached !

" Where in the realm of Nature do we see.
A worthier study than the honey-bee ?
What curious instinct dictates every art.
Whereby the little creature acts its part ?
How do the marvels of the hive combine,
All other insect wonders to outshine ?"

America, the brightest gem in the-
diadem of the World, is the Mother of
the grandest Apicultural inventions, and
has perfected and put to practical us<^
some of those which were simply con-
ceived in other lands, but then left in an
undeveloped state.

Already she produces the most de-
li('ious honey from her myriads of nectar-
Ix-aring flowers ! She has shown to the
world the finest bees, carefully bred for
business as well as for beauty ! And in
modern methods, jiractical management,
available tools and implements, and the
perfection of supiilies and fixtures — shiv
now leads the World.

Tno.MAs G. Newman,

Dr. C. C. Miller remarked that he
was reminded of the time when he first
begau to keep bees. He caught ;t

T'MW m^mmmiGMn mmm joixsmniti^.

743

swarm on the 4th of July, years ago,
put them into a barrel, and saw chips
at the bottom, and wondered what they
were. He was surprised to learn after-
wards that it was the cappings gnawed
off by the bees.

Remarks were also made, and sorae
questions asked by Dr. Oren, Rev. W.
F. Clarke and others.

Mr. Newman, by request, replied to
all in a happy vein.

Several then spoke of the "beauty"
in bees, and agreed with Mr. Newman,
that the best bees were those that were
• ' bred for business as well as for
beauty."

Mr. McKnightsaid there ought to be
some standard for excellence. He
believed in beauty and utility com-
bined. The beauty of a bull-dog is
real ugliness ! The points at Competi-
tive Shows were all stated as to horses,
cattle, poultry, dogs, etc., and it ought
to be also stated for bees ! These
should be competitive points. He said
that the address of Mr. Newman, just
listened to, was measurably above
criticism, but he would like the points
mentioned to be settled by some body
authorized to do so. The beauty of a
bee was in its temper. If it could be
handled and manipulated without re-
ceiving stings, it would be put down
as good in that respect.

In reference to the Mayor's address
of Welcome, he desired to thank him
for his kind references to Canada and
its representatives present. The United
States had been represented as a
wooer, and Canada as the coy, bash-
ful damsel. But there would be no
marriage of the two— for her mamma
would object. She must say, in char-
acteristic language, to her admirer —
" I will be a sister to you," and that is
all. Canada had a model government.
She was a Republic all but in
name ; and as Democratic and Repub-
lican as any one could wish. All that
the Mother Country did was to appoint
the Governor General. Canada paid
her salary, as well as all the salaries
of all her officers in all departments.
She literally governs herself.

QUESTIONS.

Can an apiaiy by Italianized by
daubing a young queen with honey
and then dropping her into a colony
just after a swarm has issued ?

After some discussion it was said
that a virgin queen was intended by
the one who asked the question. • Then
all agreed that a colonj' could not be
Italianized by a virgin queen.

S. A. Shuck, of Liverpool, Ills., said
if honey was coming in freely, fertile
queens, put in the hive in that way,
would be accepted in ninety-nine cases
out of one hundred.

President Taylor said tliat there was
no necessity of daubingher with honey.

A. N. Draper, of Upper Alton, Ills.,
bought black bees and Italianized them
by letting Italian queens run in at the
entrance, when honey was being gath-
ered rapidly.

A. I. Root said he was the one who
had advocated introducing queens in
that way. Queens an hour old could
run in anywhere — but few are lost.
The will be unmolested 'till they come
to lay, then they settle it. and decide
which shall remain.

A question w.as asked as to the size
of a bee-cellar, to have the best results.

Dr. Miller prefers a large cellar : he
believes in a plenty of room. But too
large a cellar would not pay ; yet there
should be room enough so that the
hives would not ci'owd too much. The
depth underground should be about 8
feet. The entrance should be on the
side where the general prevailing
winds would not come. If on a side
hill, let the entrance be where you can
walk in on the level. It should have
double doors.

R. L. Taylor said the sun would
penetrate through doors more readily
than through the sides of the building,
and the door therefore should not be
whore the sun would shine upon it
very long. The north or east would
be preferable, and avoid the sun.

A. I. Root said a large body of air
is preferable to a sudden change in the
temperature.

Dr. Miller said he wanted good air
for the bees.

A. N. Draper asked : If air is easily
vitiated, why do bees winter well
when they are buried in clamps ?

W. F. Clarke said that the best size
is all out-doors, and 50 miles high.

Dr. Mason said his cellar was 14x22
feet, and he there winters 50 colonies
satisfactorily. Pure air is more needed
in early spring than in winter, as that
is the most dangerous time.

S. A. Shuck said that four years ago
he wintered 130 colonies in a cellar
18x32 feet, but the air was very much
vitiated, so that a lamp would not
burn in it, nor matches ignite. He
opened the door for awhile, and then
the air was all right ; but he could not
see that the bees had suffered any
damage.

C. P. Dadant could not believe that
bees would live in such air as would
extinguish a lamp.

S. A. Shuck replied that while the
air was so bad that the lamp would
not burn, the bees were all right.

Dr. Jesse Oren, of La Porte. Iowa,
had wintered 230 colonies successfully
in a cellar 16x28 feet, and S feet high.
He had used it for 20 years.

The Convention adjourned until 2:00
o'clock p.m.

AFTERNOON SESSION.

President Taylor called the Conven-
tion to order at 1:30 p.m.

The following resolution was pre-
.sented by Thomas G. Newman, and
adopted :

Resoliiod, That we appoint Prof. A.
J. Cook a committee of one, to use his
best endeavors to secure an appropria-
tion from the general government —
out of the $5,000 that can be used for
the aid of apiculture- — to be used in
securing the best bees to be found in
the Orient, or elsewhere, for the pur-
pose of experiment — looking for a still
greater improvement in the good bees
we now have.

Question: "In doubling up colo-
nies, would you save both queens ?"

B. Taylor answered, No. He would
have no use for the extra queen after
doubling up two weak colonies. He
had wintered two weak colonies by
using a queen-excluding honey-board,
and he thought that weak colonies
could be wintered better in that way
than by uniting them. He had win-
tered half a dozen weak colonies in
that way, last winter, with clusters 3
or 4 inches apart. If the clusters
should touch, they would unite.

A. I. Root said that this was his
hobby years ago, to winter two queens
in a hive. He first tried tin between
the clusters, and lost them ; then he
used wire-cloth, wood, etc., between
the clusters, and the wood worked
best.

Dr. Miller said he had wintered two
queens in one hive, with from two to
four quarts of bees in each, with a |—
inch board between the clusters. He
had tried it and given it up. He could
always winter weak colonies in that
way.

B. Taylor gave a separate entrance
to each colony.

A. E. Ault, of North Liberty, Iowa,
wants strong colonies in the spring,
and uses a j-inch division-board, and
crowds the bees on what combs they
can cover, and they wintered well.

Dr. Miller said that the weak colo-
nies will winter better in that way
than separately, and will build up in
the spring as fast as if they were single
colonies.

Question ; ' ■ Will a colony of bees
winter without sealed honey ?"

Dr. Mason said that it would, but he
would rather not risk it very often.
It would winter better in a dry, than
in a damp season. In a dry cellar it
would be the same.

R. McKnight asked, Is not unsealed
honey unhealthy for bees ?

Dr. Miller said that unsealed honey
will sour much more readily than
when it is sealed. He preferred it
sealed.

744

TH® mvmmMi^mm mmm jowmnmiL.

R. B. Leahy said that he had experi-
mented with feeding unsealed sugar
syrup. He had wintered 50 colonies
successfully in a wet cellar.

J. C. Stewart, of Hopkins, Mo., win-
tered bees in chafl" hives two years ago
on sugar syrup, and they did well.
They had 15 to 20 pounds fed to each,
beginning on Dec. 6 ; those fed first,
lived, and those fed later all died.
These stores were unsealed, and the
bees were out-of-doors.

Dr. Miller asked what amount of
sugar syrup and honej- was consumed.

President Taylor said that when the
stores wore sugar syrup the consump-
tion was much less. Those fed with
honey, consumed 22 pounds ; while
those fed on sugar syrup consumed
from 3 to 7 pounds.

W. J. Finch asked whether the
strength of the colonies would not ac-
count for the difference ? and whether
those fed with honej' did not come out
stronger ?

President Taylor thought not, as
they seemed of equal strength. All
were destitute of brood in the spring.
Those fed with sugar syrup had more
vitality in the spring. Honey is stimu-
lative, and more is used.

R. McKnight said that the amount
of brood-i'earing makes an enormous
difference, as the weight of brood is of
great importance, and the weight of
the hives does not show the amount of
consumption. It is therefore not an
accurate test.

President Taylor said that bees
without brood would present a good
test. Taking the average of testimony,
the sugar syrup will go further.

A. I. Root said that he could not
advise the use of cheap honey for feed-
ing bees, as there was danger of its
being tainted with foul brood. He
■would not take away sealed honey and
feed sugar syrup.

S. A. Shuck asked if bees that con-
sume less will do as well in the spring
as those that consume more.

President Taylor always expected
and found better progress in the colo-
nies wintered on sugar stores. Honey
is stimulating, and not so powerful for
food, but makes the bees active — stirs
them up. Sugar .syrup is wh.it is
wanted for winter — good food keeps
them quiet.

A. I. Root said sugar is sweeter than
honey.

Chas. Dadant said the best sugar
should be used.

Mrs. Harrison asked : Is there any
difference in the sugar from cane and
that from beets ?

A. I. Root said that pure sugar was
the same from each source.

C. P. Dadant said that the beet
sugar used in Europe was just as good
as any cane sugar.

Dr. Miller — All must agree that we
must feed granulated sugar if we have
to feed, whether the sugar comes from
cane or beets.

Eugene Secorsaid that Orange Judd,
in his last paper, asserted that sugar
from cane and beets is precisely the
same. He had just returned from the
large beet-sugar factory at Grand
Island, Nebr.

Dr. Mason — Get the granulated
sugar, and do not trouble about the
scientific part.

President Taylor said that if a man
has the time, and is willing, it will
pay to extract the honey, and feed
sugar syrup, but for himself he did not
like the business of extracting and
feeding.

C. P. Dadant said that he did not
believe it paid to do it at all.

J. C. Stewart said that it would not
pay. for the honey extracted is a 3rd
or 4th class article, and not marketable.

R. McKnight said that it would not
do, no matter whether it paid or not,
to encourage the practice of extracting
honey for the purpose of feeding
sugar-syrup.

W. F. Clarke said that the bee-
keeper should not needlessly feed sugar
syrup to his bees, and run the risk of
some of it going to his customers. An
undisturbed brood-nest, stored with
the best honey, is what he wants.

Apicultural Journalism was the next
subject, and the following bj' W. Z,
Hutchinson was read by Dr. Miller :

Apicultural Journalism.

Bee-keepers have good reasons for
being proud of their literature. Scarcely
a point arises upon which we cannot lind
tlic recorded experience of our best api-
arists ; wliile new discoveries are at once
described, illustrated and discussed in
the bee-keeping ixTiodieals, Perhaps
bee-keepers have given the matter little
thought, but. notwithstanding the excel-
lence of these periodicals, might they
not be improved ? If so, how ? Have
they faults ? If so, wliat are they ? \Vc
believe that "apicultural journalism"
may be profitably made the subject of
special discussion.

Time was when many of the industries
were represented in one family. Flax
and wool were grown, spun and worked
up into cloth, and made into <-lothing.
Cows were kept, and cheese as well as
butter mad(! for home use. Poultry and
a fc^w colonies of bees added to the com-
forts of the lionsehold. But there is no
need of going into detail ; every one
knows how ]ieo])l(' lived lOO years ago.
Cheap and rapiil transportation has en-
couraged the in\<'ntion of machinery,
the building of factories, and the elassiii-
cation of labor. This has brought aliout
HpccUtUy. With specialty in production
came the need of specialty in periodicals
devoted to the intia'csts of producers.
For the genera! farmer we had and still
have, agricultural journals devoted to
the cultivation of grain, stock-raising.

gardening, fruit growing, bees, poultry,
etc., and they answrr their pm-pose well,
but when a man makes a specialty of
scjme one of tliese brandies of rural
industry, he then wishes a periodical
devoted to that business as a specialty.
not one mixed up with some other spec-
ialty for wliich he cares little or nothing.
These other toiiics are all right in their
jjlaces. but bi'e-keepers who do not care
tor them, dislike to pay for their diseus-
sicm, or to wade thrimgh the discussions
in order to got at what information there
is about bees. As a rule, bee-periodicals
that attemi)t to •■mix in" other topics, do
SI) at a loss. We Ix'lieve that they will
best serve the interests of their sub-
scribers, and at tlie same time secure
their own prosiierity, by letting severely
alone all subjects not pertaining to their
spei'ialty. We would not expunge any
wit. humor or eloini'ence that may bub-
ble up spiintancdusly, but the publication
of sneli iittrinptK at wit as luive appeared
in some, is enough to kill any journal tliat
it is possible to kill.

After having decided that only such
matter as pertains to bees shall go into
the journal, then the matter of (pmlity
must be looked after. Some matter that
appears in some of the bee-papers could
be placed only under the head of '• twad-
dle," What does possess editors to
publish such trash ? A woman tells in a
would-be-funny way of her troubles in
clipping a queen's wing, or a man starts
out with : -'I am a bee-keeper. I began
the season with 2-1: colonies. Some were
weak, but — " What is the use of going
any further ? You have all seen these
things in the periodicals. ^Vhat good
are they ? Do they help bee-keepers ?
Maxt such things be used, in order to fill
the pagi'S V No ; not if editors will bestir
themselves, and, if they cannot do this,
they are unlit for tlie positions they
occupy.

Friends, how do you read the bee-
papers ? We read them in this manner.
We glance at the heading of an article,
then at its author's name, and sometimes
this is all we do. By the way, we wish
all would place the author's name at the
head of the article. It saves the bother
of looking up th(^ end of the article (over
the leaf, perhaps) to see who wrote it.
Perhaps some think that the knowledge
of tlie authorshiii is immateial : if the
article is good, it is good irrespective of
who wrote it. True, but show us the
man who does not wish to know who is
doing the talking.

To return, if the heading and author-
sliip are favorable, the first paragraph is
glanced over. (Do you know that the.
gist of a paragraph can be taken in at a
glance'?) Then the next paragraph is
given a glance, then the next, and so on
thriingh the article. Frequently this is
all the reading the article receives.

Tliere are some copies of some of the
be<'-papers that wc^ have read through in
this m.iiiner in about five minutes.
About once a month there comes to this
office a paper claiming to be a bee-paper,
that we don't read nt all — it simply is
not wortli it.

Wlien we learn, by glancing through
an article, that it contains something of
value, we then read it through carefully.

TMU MMEKICSr* BEE: JOVWmRI^.

745

Dr. Miller said that Mr. llutrliinson
bad some jfood iduas, l)ut he could not
endorse all that are advanced in the
essay. He did not believe that all
other advertisers than apiarists should
be excluded. We want buggies and
other usefid things, and there is no
reason in excluding any useful article
from the advertising columns of our
apicultural periodicals. Advertise-
ments help to support the periodical,
and 1 am glad to see all clean adver-
tisements in our bee-papers.

Thomas G. Newman said that advei'-
tisements of useful articles are the life
of the periodical, and a bee-paper can-
not be supported without them. There
are not enough to come from apiarists
alone, to support a good periodical, and
all should welcome such as a help in
supporting our bee-papers.

Dr. Ma.son said he wanted a good
periodical, and did not object to the
advertisements if they could be taken
oft' when binding the volume. With
the Revievj this was impossible, as the
first few pages were all reading mat-
ter, and the last ones, on the corres-
ponding leaves, were advertising, and
these could not be taken off. The
Review is a good paper, but is not what
its name implies — a review. The
American Bee Journal is what its
name implies — the bee-periodical of
America. Oleanings is what its name
implies — gleanings in bee-culture ; but
the Review is a topical paper — not a
review at all.

S. A. Shuck said we need buggies
and agricultural tools, and he made
no objections to advertisements of use-
ful articles in our bee-periodicals.

W. F. Clarke said that good apicul-
tural literature costs something. You
cannot have first-elass literature with-
out paying well for it. Some cheap,
new papers are offered at 25 cents a
year, and arc dear at that. Bee-papers
cannot be published as cheaply as
metropolitan dailies. Special lines
cost more, because the patrons are
limited. Let our special periodicals
be high-class in a literarj' point of
view. Let them discuss the live issues
of the pui'suit, in the present day, that
are of interest to all the practical bee-
keepers.

A. N. Draper did not want a paper
filled with one idea merely ; he wanted
it to cover all the live issues, and api-
cultural news of the day.

A. I. Root said he was sorry that
friend Hutchinson was not here. He
was detained by illness. We want
more charity in regard to advertise-
ments. We need buggies, saws, and
all other useful articles that bee-keep-
ers use. and advertisements of all good
articles are of value to them. W^hy
should we not tell them where such
can be obtained at a reasonable price ?

Careful and efticient editing would save
all this siftinf,' on the part of readers.
The i|nestl(iii tluit each editor ()u«-|it to
ask himself, when decidirifj ii|ioii what
shall appear upon the pa<-;i'S of his jour-
nal is, will the matter admitted be of
real benelit to the readers? If it will
not, why publish it? It may not be
))0ssible nor advisable to adherer strictly
to this rule, but it ouglit to be always
kept in view.

We wish to (ii)pose one idea that somi'
of our editorial brethren have, with
much labor, tried to pound intotln^ heads
iif their I'orrespondents. and that is that
they must write short artieles in order
that nil iiutu be hcnrd fruin. Why sho\ild
••all " be heard from, unless they have
something i)t value to (•ommunieat<^ ? Of
course, we jirefer to have ideas expressed
in the fewest words possible, but a long
arti('le is just as wcle<mie as a short one,
provided it contains valual)le information
in proportion to its length. The idea is
just here. A journal ought to be tilled
with the most valuable information that
can ijossibly be packed into it, irrespec-
tive of whether that information is
furnished by two or three correspondents,
or by a dozen,

[This being an editorial written for the "Review"
for November, such parHgraphs as were siraply
-personal chats" with its sxibscribers, and as such
unsuitable lor discussion at a Convention, are, of
course, omitted here.J

We think that, as much as possible,
advertisements ought to pertain to bee-
culture. But few others should be
admitted, and they should be strictly
tirst-class. Perhaps some will say that
this is a matter that concerns the pub-
lisher alone. Possibly, But when' is
the advertiser of apiarian goods that
likes to have his advertisi'ment buried
among those of guns, buggies, watches,
sewing machines, lamps, books, tobacco,
trusses, patent medicines, corn remedies,
pile remedies, etc. ? We believe that the
admission of such trasli into the adver-
tising columns of a be(^-paper displeases
the bee-keeping advertisers, that it is an
actual detriment to them, and tliat it
lowers the journal in the estimation of
its readers. Let us keep our advertising
columns pure and clean, and as nearly
apiarian as possible.

In closing, please allow us to quote
from Allan Forman, editor of The Jinir-
luilist. In th(! August issue he said :
•' The handsome paper is the successful
paper of the future. Readers and adver-
tisers are being influenced more and
more by the appearance of the paper, its
typographical attractiveness, and the
taste displayed in the make-up. A taste-
ful and pleasing appearance is accepted
as the visible and outward evidence of
linancial prosperity. People who (fould
not make-up a paper, and who do not
know one type from another, are quick
to discriminate against the slovenly
sheet, in favor of the neat and handsome
one."

Upon this subject we shall be glad to
hear not only from our regular corres-
pondents, but from our editorial brethren
as well ; and if the faults of the Bevieiv
are Most clearly brought to light in the
discussion that follows, no one will be
jnore pleased than

W. Z. IICTCniN.SON.

The President's Address.

IIoij. It. L. Taylor, of l>apei'r, Mirh.,
President of the Association, read Ids
annual address, which was listened to
with close and undivided attention, as
follows :

We meet iiiiiler tin' disiidvantages at-
tending a season the most uniiropitioiis
jirobably witlnn the memory of tin; great
majority of living bee-keepers. The
worst iihase of ill-fortune may be avoid-
ed by facing it with cheerfulness, and
this trait may he cidtivated liy remem-
bering that such a season is not without
its advantages.

In tin; first place, there has been such
an advance in the prices of our product
as not only to bring comfort to those
wlio are so fortunate as to have obtained
a crop, but also to leave a more or less
permanent effect upon future markets.

This is so in the nature of things ; but
it will be so al.so because an adverse sea-
son gives nuire and betti'r data for a
sound lietter judgment as to tin; cost of
the production of honey. Ajjiarists will
learn that tlie years must b(^ averaged,
and they will not be in such haste to dis-
pose of their croi) in a favorable year on
the first oftiu- of a price that would bring
a fair prolit for the labor and expense of
that year, liy itself considered. Past
and future rainy days must also be pro-
vided for.

Then such adverse seasons arc discour-
aging and weeding out to those who have
undertaken the bussuess on account of
the supposed supreme ease with whicli
money is made in it. When such learn
that there is out-go as well as income —
that tliere is liable to b(^ much unpro-
ductive labor and expense — their feelings
undergo a revulsion, and the business is
dropped.

This is the class that breaks down the
home markets, and we can spare them
with great advantage to the industry.
Consumers, too, will learn, when they see
the empty markets, that honey is not
made to order. They will have less fear
of adulteration, and be more alive to the
necessity of securing a supply seasona-
bly.

May we not hope also that the atten-
tion of bee-keepers will be more effect-
ually called to the fact that their pro-
duct may be kept in perfect condition
from a year of abundance and low prices
to a time of scarcity and profitable prices.

Total failures are expensive, and
bristle with other unpleasant features:
but we do well to consider compensating
aspects, and indulge the hope that we
are not paying too high a price for the
benefits that are to follow.

One of the chief objects of the sessions
of this Association is. presumably, by
the exchange of thought and experience,
and by discussion, to increase the sum of
our knowledge of the business in which
we arc engaged. It goes without saying
tliat we ought to make the most of our
meeting in this respect. Let us have
the fullest and freest discussion, without
jiersonal feeling or anger, on any side.
I think there has been sometimes a sens-
itiveness evinced on the part of some — a
disposition to require our speakers to be-

746

TM^ M'smmmi^mm mb-s^

^^.^.^A- .«.«.».»■»«»>» «»*»«^*^*

gin or P.nd, or intorlard their remarks
with, " in ray opinion."' This is unneces-
sary. No one among ns is vested with
authority to say tinally .iust where the
truth lies. It is understood that every
one who spealjs is expressing his own
opinion only : and is it not better that
this be done as sharply and critically,
and forcibly as possible ?

There should be none among us who
has a device or method or theory which
is new or peculiar, but is broad enough,
and courageous enough, to be willing to
see it vigorously attacked in debate with-
out in the least feeling that the discus-
sion is personal. The freest discussion
leads to the best understanding, and this
furnishes the best foundation for the
most lasting kindliness of feeling, and
more than all. there is nothing better
calculated to determine the tr\ith.

The floating character of the member-
ship of our Association seems to me to be
its most unsatisfactory feature. Practi-
cally there is no fixed membership to give
it continuous life from one annual session
to another. Indeed, even the officers
elected at one session are not members of
the next unless they seasonably and vol-
untarily pay the required fee ; and not
infrequently we perpetrate tlic incon-
gruity of electing as officers those
who at the time are not members.
Why should we not have the advantage
of the stability which could be secured
by becoming incorporated under the law?
Without doubt a plan could be devised
by which a large body of permanent
members might be secured, and provis-
ion also made by which a combination
with the Bee-Keepers' Union could be
satisfactorily effected. It might be well
to submit the matter to a competent
committee for consideration.

It is perhaps none too soon to form
plans and make preliminary arrange-
ments for a proper display of our indus-
try at the coming World's Exposition, to
be held at Chicago in 1893. Doubtless
there has never been so excellent an
opportunity for a grand exhibition of the
appliances and products of the apiary,
and there may not be such another
opportunity for a generation.

I would recommend that immediate
action be taken to secure as superintend-
ent of such department the person of our
choice, and such other measures adopted
as may be deemed advisable and neces-
sary to guarantee, in the undertaking, a
success hitherto unheard of. Prompt,
careful and vigorous action will lie
demanded, and we must not permit it to
Ije wanting.

I have information that the United
States government has an appropriation
of $.5,000 which can be used in the
inte'rests of apiculture. Our highest
apicultural and entomological authority
suggests that as we have been benefitted
by the Italian and other imported bees
there may yet be others, natives of the
islands of the Pacific, from which we
might derive still further advantage.

The importation of any now race that
might be found could be cheaply made
by the government. It is recommended
that such action be taken here as will
impress upon the Secretary of agriculture
the importance and desirability of action

in the matter on the part of the govern-
ment.

Almost every occupation has its
attendant dangers, and apiculture is not
exempt. In this, as in the use of
niacliinery, horses, etc., accidents may
generally by the exercise of care be
prevented. It stands us in hand to bo
nuire than usually careful in the case of
bees, because the public being unac-
(jnainted with the causes of irritation on
their part, consider their attacks purely
vicious, without reason and unavoidable,
and as apt in case of accident to pro-
nounce them a dangerous nuisance,
when, in fact, the person injured, or
some one else, has ignorantly been the
direct cause of the attack. I am led to
speak of this subject by an accident that
happened in my own country. A heavy
highway scraper drawn by a four-horse
team was working upon the road where
Ave or six rods away were a few colonies
of bees. The bees attacked the horses
and driver in swarms, and three horses
were killed on the spot. To the un-
skilled there was no reason for the
innate viciousness of the bees, while to
the experienced, the thundering, eartli-
jarring crashing of the heavy machine
on the stones in the baked earth was
abundant cause. The lesson is, that if
for no other reason than to prevent their
bees from falling into disrepute, bee-
keepers should use tlioughtful care in the
location and management of their
apiaries.

As a means of gathering and dissemi-
nating information, a certain space in
our journals devoted to the topic of the
management of bees with reference to
the avoidance of accidents, would be an
excellent thing.

Now, in conclusion, let me exhort you
to look to the future with undimmed
hope. What has been will be. Fruitful
years are sure to follow. It is for us to
prepare for them with unabated courage.
The snatching of victory from defeat is
what shows a leader to be a great cap-
tain. The faint-hearted indohuit will
fall out by the way, and leave a greater
fruitage to be shared by those who con-
fidently look for the morning.

Bee-Pastiixage of America.

' Uave faith in God."-Marlt 1 1 :22

On motion the following were ap-
pointed a committee to consider the
recommendations contained in the
President's address — Dr. A. B. Mason,
Thomas G.Newman and Eugene Secor.

It was moved and seconded that a
committee consisting of Dr. A. B.
Mason, Thomas G. Newman, and R.
McKnight be appointed to interview
the World's Fair ofBcers for the pur-
pose of securing an assignment of
space. After considerable discussion,
the matter was postponed until 11:00
o'clock the next morning.

Jesse Oren, E. R. Root, and S. A.
Shuck were appointed a committee to
examine the exhibits that had been
brought to the Convention bj* members
of the Association.

After a short recess Mr. A. I. Root
read the following on

Motto :

Perhaps you may think my motto is
rather strange for an essay on the
Honey Resources of America. Perhaps
it is ; but I believe it is applicable to the
subject in question. For some time it
has seemed to many as if our industry
was going down hill. We have been in
danger of losing faith in bee-keepi»g :
and I fear that some of us have been
tempted to lose faith in the Great Ruler
of all things. How can a man be a suc-
cessful bee-keeper without faith in an
All-Wise over-ruling power ? How can
he, in fact, be successful in anything in
this wide world, without faith in God '.'
In working and devising means, and in
planning for the future, what incentive
is there to push ahead, unless we havr
this faith ? Perhaps some of you will
agree with me in a general way ; but 1
want you not only to have reverence and
respect for the All-Wise Creator, but to
have faith that He cares for us, loves us.
keeps watch over us, and hears prayer.

During the past few weeks we have
had an unusual amount of rainy weather
— at least such has been the case in
Ohio and adjoining States. Men have
planned, but God seems to have thwarted
their plans, by so much moisture. Shall
we complain of Him ? Surely not. The
words of our motto bid us " have faitli
in God." Shall we grumble at His dis-
pensations ? By no means. There are
certain things we can control, but we
cannot control the weather — at least we
have not done so yet : therefore we may
safely say, just now, at least, that the
weather is God's part, and all we have to
do is to attend to our part. Perhaps
some of you will say that I do not know
what it is to have my bread and butter
cut off by such unheard-of weather. 1
know something of it, dear friends. But
I have not looked sour nor felt cross yet.
although I sometimes have to say to my-
self, "Thy will, not mine, be done."

It has been very perplexing for me to
keep a large force of hands at work, foi-
we do not send our men home when it
storms, as many establishments do.
Again and again have I asked God in the
morning to give me wisdom in devising
ways and means to keep my men at
work, and at the same time have them
work profitably. So far the answer has
come, and I have often wondered how it
was that things change around, and
seem to dovetail one into another, in
such a way as to cull for just the man
that I did not know what to do with next.
Then how much happier one feels who
has faith in God, and. as a natural
sequence, faith in humanity ! I fear,
dear friends, I sliimld not have been
here, when so many things seemed to
need me at homo, if it were not for faith
in God and faith in you. I believe we
shall always be blessed and prospered in
doing our duty— and duty seemed to call
mo here.

Now, about the honey resources ot
our own country. My faith is brightei-
to-ds»y than it was a few years ago. J
have prayed for our industry a good deal:
and we have in our conventions prayed
that God might bless our undertakings.

'itmrn mva^mmicmM mmm ^oiumviM.^,.

747

i»^»m»m»^Ai

and straHge and uncxpoctod blessings
have come. Thoy do not always como
right to our door ; but if wp have faith in
God, we ought to feel just as happy to
see them ooraing to our neighbors' doors.
Some of them have come to our neigh-
bors who live a great way off ; in fact,
some of the greatest blessings liave
dropped unexpectedly among bee-keepers
away off on the Great American Desert.

Years ago I talked about a honey-
farm, where plants could be blos.soming
in succession, one after another, .so as to
keep the bees constantly at work — yes,
even through poor seasons. The honey-
farm project seemed for quite a time to
be a failure ; and at the present time, it
seems pretty certain that we cannot
afford to raise plants for honey alone.

The trouble is, it needs hundreds of
acres to make bee-keeping a real paying
business. Our good friend. Prof. Cook,
has tried raising Rocky Mountain bee-
plant, and the Chapman honey-plant,
expressly for bees. The State of Michi-
gan has been kind enough to furnish
money for the experiment ; but it did not
pay. Our fond hopes in that direction
have been, in one sense, dashed to the
ground.

In my trip to California, I had this in
mind ; but I passed over all those thou-
sands of miles and did not notice or hear
of anything particularly encouraging.
The white sage does not yield honey
every year, and our California friends
have, like us, had poor honey yields for
so many years that some of them are
disgusted, and are about to give up.
Meanwhile, however, we were moving
along, even though many of us — perhaps
the most of us — did not know it.

The silly falsehoods about all the
honey, both comb and extracted, being
adulterated had to be fought down ; and
we found that lies, like everything else
that belongs to the evil one, died hard.
Some of us had become almost discour-
aged when even the religious papers
seemed very loth to let go or retract
these harmful mistakes they have pro-
mulgated.

We kept fighting, however; and being
three-hundred thousand strong, our blows
began to tell. Honey was slowly making
its way into the homes of our land, but
we did not seem to know it. The grocers
were waking up, too ; and it only needed
the seasons of scarcity we have passed
through, to set the people clamoring for
honey, and even offering prices we had
no expectation of realizing again. Then
some of our California friends who had
let their bee-ranches grow up to weeds,
began to say : " If you will guarantee 7
cents per pound for nice extracted honey,
I will fix up my ranch and start bee-
keeping again." The advance in price
gave them faith.

Let me tell you of a little incident that
shows how dull .some of us are. I think
it was nearly 10 years ago that I was
traveling in a sleeping-car. My neighbor
was evidently a farmer, and he, like my-
self, had decided to pay $2.00 for a
good, night's rest. I noticed by the looks
of his liands that he was a son of toil.
Finally he explained that he went West
a few years bc^fore. He bought some
desert land, and got up a scheme to irri-

gati' it. Tlicn he commenced raising
alfalfa. His crop had brought him so
much money, that he had just ))een to
see th(! old f<ilks, and to tell the neigh-
bors of his good hick. He offered me
alfalfa seed at an insigniticant price, but
I was not then prepared to handle it.

I asked him about bees. He said he
did not know anything about them ; but
he said that, by their m,anagem(>nt with
irrigation, alfalfa is in bloom almost con-
tinually, and that the blossoms smelled
like clover-blossoms. He told me how
many acres there were in his vicinity,
but I thought little of it. It is now not
quite ii year since friend Ball came to see
us, wanting to sell us a carload of alfalfa
honey. Dr. Miller, at the same time,
found some near Denver, Colo., and sent
me a sample, to show what it was like.
This was, perhaps, two years ago.
Alfalfa honey is now scattered all over
the land.

In passing through the desert wastes
of Arizona, I noticed thousands upon
thousands of acres of a shrub or tree
that looked a little like a peach tree, or
perhaps a little more like wild cherry.
I wondered whether it bore honey, but
nobody could tell me anything about it.
A few months ago we were offered a car-
load of mesquite honey. We had heard
something in regard to it, but we had no
hope that it would be equal to alfalfa.
Wo ordered .some ; and after the honey
came, wo were astonished to find it so
nice ; and I thought Mr. Calvert was ex-
aggerating when he said he believed a
good many people would like mesquite
honey as well as the alfalfa. Well, at
present I am quite certain that mesquite
honey is destined to bring a higher price
than the alfalfa. More mesquite honey
is still offered by the carload, and it will
soon be scattered into all the country
towns of the United States. Possibly it
will go across the ocean and into Canada.
It surely will if those who put it up do
their work honestly and well.

The great public is beginning to re-
cover from its disgust, created largely
by poor bee-keepers — bee-keepers who
were slipshod in their methods of work,
and slipshod in their consciences. Are
there any such here to-day ? The latter
is more to be feared than the former. If
your faith is waning, believe me when I
tell you that the saddest kind of infidelity
in the world is the kind that says that
honesty is not the best policy. When
your stock of faith gets so low and un-
charitable as that, you are in a bad pre-
dicament. You are pretty nearly as bad
off as were Christian and Hopeful, when
imprisoned in Doubting Castle, and
pounded and bruised every day by Giant
Dpsjjair. Now, let us i)ut up our honey
and send it off, with a bright and living
faith in the saying, that "honesty is the
best policy."

Perhaps some of you say, " Why, Bro.
Root, this is a big thing for the Arizona
men, but how does it benefit us to see
honey coming by the car-load from
Arizona, to compete with our product?''
Do not be troubled. Let us rejoice at
their good fortune, and eventually God
will, in His infinite love and wisdom,
show us that He has not forgotten His
children out here. I do not know just

how it is coming, nor when ; but I
heartily agree witli the I'salmist when
he says, " I once was young, but now am
old, yet I have never seen the righteous
forsaken, nor his seed begging bread."
When I was in California I lieard about
their failures and low prices, and I really
felt sorry for a good many of the hard-
working friends, especially for some who
were a good deal in debt.

After friend Mercer had taken so much
pains to take me around over the
country, and would not let me pay for
the livery that was hired specially for my
accommodation, my conscience troubled
me ; and when, the season after, passed,
with a still poorer crop than he had ever
had before, I felt greatly troubled, for
fear these good friends would have hard
work to pay their debts and keep abovi-
water ; but during the past season friend
Mercer has had a great outpouring.
It seemed almost as if " the windows of
heaven," which we have read about,
were opened, and honey came down by
the car-load; and, oh, snch beautiful
honey. You would think a glass-jar full
was almost empty unless you lifted it to
see ; and then the air-bubble moves st>
slowly when you tip it over that this
beautiful clear honey looked like white
transparent wax. When you put a
spoonful in your mouth, "Oh, my! is it
not beautiful ?" When we sent it out to
customers it was wonderful to see the
letters of surprise and astonishment.

Well. California, Arizona, Colorado,
Idaho, and many other places that I do-
not know much about, are getting full of
enthusiasm — especially those districts
where irrigation is practiced : for there
they have sunshine every day in the
year. When we want more wet we can
irrigate, as our friends do. God's part
would be the sunshine — our part would
be the windmills and the big rivers
turned in their courses.

But, we are not ready yet to sell out
and move on to the desert. We may
rejoice that , the prophecy is coming to
pass when the desert shall be made to
blossom. But our duty — or, at least that
of the greater part of us — is to have faith-
enough to stay where we are, and to re-
member the blessings we enjoy. We also
want to keep in mind that plenty of rain
is a very great blessing. Those great
crops of honey from the desert-wastes of
the West, will open up business in many
ways.

Perhaps you say again, "All the above
is very well for the large bee-keepers,
and for the supply-dealers : but how
about the smaller ones who have to work
hard, and yet are not better off ? My
friends, we must still hold to our motto —
" Have faith in God ;" and if bee-keep-
ing does not seem to give us a living in
our present location, we should work at
something else, meanwhile. He that is
faithful in few things, shall surely be
made " ruler over many things." There
is plenty to do, with good pay, so far as
my exparience goes, in every locality.
But we must be bright and wide-awake,
and on tlie alert. The trouble is, we let
opportunities slip.

The great w(U'ld soon decides that it is
better to put wide-awake men in places
of trust and importance ; and. my friends.

748

T'mm MMlKMICMff MMM J©^MffMI*.

there is nothing else in this wide Uni-
verse that will do so luueh to make a
man energetic as to ■• have faith in
(rod," aci'ording to our motto. Why. tlie
very thought of it (ills me with aniiuation
and life. The rain makes trouble, it is
true; but my faith in (tod tells me that
all things shall worlv together for good
to all who love him. ,

Some of you may remember what I
touud in the vic-inity of Salt Lake City.
Utah — beautif\il white honey, equal to
any in the world, from sweet riover.
The sweet clover gi'ows all over the
mountains and |)lains : in faet. it grows
on the saleratus land, around Salt Lake,
where nothing else will grow. In many
localities near Ogden and Salt Lake City,
they told me that sweet clover was the
only source they had for honey ; and this
year we have reports of apiarii^s of some
size that have given '200 pounds per
"•olouy. The sweet clover also pays iu
other ways besides the honey it yields.
It furnishes valuable forage in that
locality, and when turned under, it
makes the ground fertile for other crojis
that would not i)roduce anything before,
on account of tlu^ alkali, or '-saleratus."
as they call it. Prol)ably hundreds of
colonies of bees would do well in this
region, where only one colony is kept
now. So, herc> is aucither of God"s gifts,
as yet almo.st undeveloped and unknown.
Sweet clover is there, growing sponta-
neously in all directions.

Past experience seems to have taught
MS that not only is it true that no plant
bears honey invariably, but it is also
true that a great many plants may now
and then give quit(^ a yield of honey.
Doolittle got quite a crop of very nice
honey from teasel. Dr. Miller had quite
a little honey yield from cucumbers,
where they were raised for pickle fac-
tories. Spanish-needle, from the swamps,
sometimes gives large quantities of very
rich amber honey. Last season Dr.
lliller had a yield of very nice honey
right ,ilong for months : and. if I aril
correct, he does not know yet where it
<ame from. Wh(ui I visited him he asked
mo if I could see enough white clover, or
clover of any kind, to account for the
amount of honey that was then coming
in, I could not. And yet there was
nothing else visible to us. in our miles of
travel, that should furnish it.

Rape somi^imes gives quite a flow of
beautiful honey in localities where the
I)lant is raised largely for seed. Mustard
lields also furnish more or less ; and we
bee-keepers should look for localities
where mustard-raising is a business.

The question is sometimes asked,
••Shall we give up our location and
move to a better one •?" Sometinu-s it
may pay us to do so, if we have decided
that honey raising is to be (Uir business
for life. But after we make the move,
we may discover that the hoiu-y has
(•eased in the new location ; and at the
same time we may find, too, that the
<>ld locality lias been blessed with a
bountiful flow.

Instead of moving I would locate a
few colonies, say five or six miles away,
in different directions. Many of our bee-
keepers who have ■• out apiaries'" have
in this way fuiind points where the

honey-yield is much better, year after
year, than in the home apiary. It is a
fact, that no two points seem to average
exactly alike. Some honey is to !)<■
found almost everywhere, and occa-
sionally there comes a few days of boun-
tiful yields almost everywhere.

Let us have faith — faith in the honey-
bees : faith in our fellow-men ; faith in
hard, earnest work, with both l)rain and
muscle : and finally let us, in the lan-
guage of our motto. "Have — faith — in —
(iiod." A. I. Root.

J. D. Adams said hi.s bees had col-
lected honey which he calls hgart's-
ease ; though he had lots of Spanish-
needle, from which he does not believe
he gets any honey.

J. M. Hambaugh showed a sample of
Spanish-needle honey. He believes in
migratory bee-keeping, and keeps three
apiaries from which he aims to get
two crops, and moves his bees from
the hills to the bottom-lands every fall,
and believes that his bees get but little
honey in the fall until the Spanish-
needle blooms. In the fall, he places
his bees right among the Spanish-
needle bloom. He believes in saving
steps to the bees, and knows that
there is" an advantage in putting them
right in the harvest fields. He rea-
lized 2,500 pounds of clover honey,
and 8,000 pounds of honey in all, and
gets better returns from his bees than
he could expect on the hills. Spanish-
needle honey sells very well.

A. N. Draper had moved his bees
(96 colonies) from Alton to nine miles
below. He got 4,000 or 5,000 pounds.
His honey was the same as Mr. Ham-
baugh's. It is very thick.

Dr. Miller asked about the use of
carbolic acid.

Mr. Axtell used carbolic acid to
keep the bees from honey.

A. N. Draper used carbolic acid to
keep the bees from a watering well.

Dr. Miller asked if there was any
unpleasant odor left.

Mr.Draper said: Yes, for a day or two.
Mrs. L. Harrison said that in Scot-
land county. Mo., she went through
hundreds of acres of Spanish-needles —
it was literally a sea of gold, and the
bees were rolling in the honey.

H. Kellogg said there were two
kinds of Spanish-needles — the one
producing honey has larger flowers.

S. A. Shuck called attention to the
button-ball as a honey-producer. This
bush is mentioned in the bee-books. It
grows in the Illinois bottom lands, and
yields honey after the linden in July.
It commences when the water is on
the land, and the button-bush is barely
out of the water. It is not a plant of
extensive production, as it lives only
in the water. He exhibited samples of
very light-colored honey from it.

On motion the Convention adjourned
until the evening.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

DENVER, Oct. 1.3.— We quote: 1-lbs., first
grade, 16@18f. Ext. 7(5 Kc. Beeswax, 20@2.5c
J. M. CLAHK COM. CO., 1517 Blake St.

DETROIT, Oct, 1.3.— No white honey in the
market; dark or fall houev sells at 14@l.Te.—
Extracted, 7®8c. Beeswax, 27®28c.

M H. HUNT. BeU Branch. Mich.

NEW YORK, Oct. 24.— We quote: Fancy 1-
Ibs., white, 16@18o.; '^-Ibs., white, 14@ir)c.
Oflf grades, l-lbs„ 14("1.5c.; 2-lbs.. l'2@13c.
Buckwheat, l-lbs„ 12(yi:ie.; •2-lbs., 10@llc.—
Extracted, white clover and basswood, 8@8!4c
buckwheat, 7c. ; CaIil'ornia,6!4@7 cents per lb.
Southern, 70c per g-aUon.

HILDRETH BROS, & SEGELKEN,
28-30 West Broadway.

CHICAGO, Oct, 11.— Best grades of honey
sell at 17@18c. For brown and dark in un-
cleaned sections there is a light demand, the
prices having to be shaded to meet the views
of the few buyers there are for that grade.—
Extracted, steady at 7@8c.— demand is good.
Beeswax, 27®28c.

K. A. BDHNETT, 161 S. Water St.

CHICAGO, Oct. 11. — New honey arriving
very slowly, demand active, and all receipts
are taken promptlv. W'e quote: White clover
1-lbs., 10@18c,; 2-lbs., 14@15c.; dark 1-lbs.,
ll(!j/12c; '.^-Ibs., 9@10c. Extracted meets with
quick sale, values ranging from 614@714 cts.,
depending upon quality and style of package.
Beeswax, 28@30c.

S, T, FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, Oct. 24,— We quote 1-lb.
white comb, 16@18c: 1-lb. dark comb, 12@14c;
extracted, 5@7c. California 1-Ib. white comb,
16@17c: 1-lb. e.xtra C & C. 16c; 2-lb. extra
C & C, 14c; 2-lb. white, l.ic: extracted,6!4@7c.
CLEMONS, MASON & CO..

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sta.

CINCINNATI, Oct. 18.— The demand for ex-
tracted honey is good, with almost no dark on
the market. \Ve have bought the second car-
load of California honey, for which there is a
good trade; but it will not fill the place of
Southern honey with many manufacturers.
Extracted honey brings oi4@8 cents a pound.
There is no comb honey in our market.

Beeswax is iu good demand at 24@26c,, for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH & SON.
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

BOSTON. Oct. 24.— Honey is selling very
freely. Demand fullv equal to the supply.
We quote best 1-lb., 18@19c; 2-lb., 16@17c,
No beeswax on hand.

BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.

A New Method of Treating Disease.

HOSPITAL REMEDIES.

What are they? There is anew departure
in the treatment of disease. It consists in
the collection of the specifics used by noted
specialists of Europe and America, and
bringing them within the reach of all. For
instance, the treatment pursued by special
physicians who treat indigestion, stomach
and liver troubles only, was obtained and
prepared. The treatment of other physi-
cians, celebrated for curing catarrh, was
procured, and so on till these incomparable
cures now include disease of the lungs,
kidneys, female weakness, rheumatism and
nervous debUity.

This new method of " one remedy for one
disease " must appeal to the common-sense
of all sufferers, many of whom have experi-
enced the ill effects, and thoroughly realize
the absurdity of the claims of Patent
Medicines which are guaranteed to cure
every ill out of a single bottle, and the use
of which, as statistics prove, has ruined
more stomachs tJuin alcohol. A circular
describing these new remedies is sent free
on receipt of stamp to pay postage, by
Hospital Remedy Company, Toronto, Can-
ada, sole proprietors.

51D26t Imly.

THE mimmmi^MM mmM jO'Iurnri,.

74f«

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BY P. C. HEADLEY.

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755

^■^^■^^■^^*— ■■'■^^^^-

TIIOlflAS C IVK^VIVIAN,

EDITOR.

Vol. mi. Not. 15, 1890, 1.46.

Ediwrml Buzeimgs,

Xhc North American Bee-Keep-
ers' Association is to be incorporated by
law. We hope that this step will be the
beginning of a new life for it, and that the
glorious past will be even eclipsed by the
grander future of the International Society.

3S Little Queen in the Arnold hive
at Richmond, Iowa, died on the 28th ult,.
and this is what her disconsolate father
says about the sad event. They were going
to the Keokuk Convention, had this death
not occurred •

Sad are these few lines to us. The dar
ling queen of our home was taken from us
by the dread disease, diphtheria, on Oct.
28. She was my only child, a daughter, in
her eleventh year. (She was the grand-
daugher of J.O.Todd.) We are all one
family. She was not afraid of the bees at
all ; she would often put on a bee-veil and
be out with us in the apiary.

I. N. Arnold.

The Bee Journal condoles with the
stricken family.

The IVIlchigan State Convention
■will be held at Detroit on Jan. 1 and 3,
1891, and we hope it will be largely at-
tended. Concerning hotel rates, Mr. M. H.
Hunt writes bs follows :

I was in Detroit lately, and made ar-
rangements for the bee keepers at the
Hotel Normaudie ; also I found that I
could get rates for those who thought that
the rates were too much at the Normaudie.
The Perkins Hotel on Grand River street,
is being rebuilt, and is a good common
place to stop at; rates -$1.85 per day. I
am going to furnish them with a veiy fine
sample of extracted honey to be on tap for
the beekeepers. I hope that we will have
a grand meeting.

Foul=Brood.— In the Voluntary Essay
read at the Keokuk Convention, from Mr.
Allen Pringle (see page 702), it is stated
that, though a copy of the Canadian Act,
for the sui>pressiou of that dreaded disease
was sent to the Americ.\n Bee Joukxal
and other bee-papers of the United States,
that it was not published. If it was sent,
it never reached this office, or it would
have been published at once. We have,
however, published several articles refer-
ring to it. One of them from Mr. Pringle,
of nearly three columns, may be found on
pages 597 aud 598 ; another from Mr. J.
E. Firth, of four columns, on pages 551 and
552. Besides these, there are several
shorter ones.

The imputation that the "tribunes" —
the "great guns " -i.e., the editors of the
bee-periodicals, we suppose — are too much
"exalted" (in their own estimation, of
course) to listen to advice from Canada, is
absurd, and beneath the dignity of " the
President of the Ontario Bee-Keepers'
Association."

Harmless banter is all very well, but this
would be taken for sober fact, by the
generality of bee-keepers, were we to pass
it by in silence. They would say, very
innocently, that the "Voluntary Essay"
was sent to the Convention because the
matter was ruled out the bee-publications.

Now, Mr. President of the Ontario Bee-
Keepers' Association, we take an appeal
(kindly but firmly), from your hasty
decision, to the apiarists at large, and have
no fear about their sustaining the appeal,
and reversing your unfair ruling.

IVIice and Bees in Winter.—

At the Keokuk Convention it was asked if
mice and rats were injurious in a winter
repository for bees. The answer was em-
phatic and proper— Yes I In last week's
New York Woi'ld we notice a similar ques-
tion from a correspondent in Ohio, which is
answered thus ;

Mice are a decided nuisance in the
apiary, and ctmsequently must be guarded
against. They will often enter the hive
standing outof doors when not excluded,
and make extensive depredations. Some-
times, cutting a space in the combs, they
will make their nests there.

The animal heat created by the bees
makes a tempting place for their winter
quarters. The entrance to the hives ought
to be sufficiently contracted to keep mice
from entering.

Rats are fond of honey, and when this is
accessible, will eat quantities of it. The
entrance of hives standing out-of-doors are
too small to admit a rat. Where the bees
are wintered indoors, too great care can-
not be exercised to keep the apartment
clear of both rats and mice, as their run-
ning over the hives, even if prevented from
entering them, disturbs and irritates the
bees.

Xliose 'Wlio HsiTe any honey to
dispose of should use the Honey Almanac
as a salesman. We have a few left for this
year, and offer them at half price. See
page 751 of last paper.

Sn Enjoyable Visit.— According
to announcement, the business men of
Hamilton, of Ills., took 54 members of the
International Convention in carriages to
the residence of Messrs. Dadant & Son, in
the afternoon of Friday, after the last
session. The bee-keepers seemed to take
the place by storm, and thoroughly en-
joyed their visit. The Keokuk Co?(st«MtM)»l-
Demcx/ratot Nov. 1, contained the follow-
ing concerning the affair :

Delegates to the Bee-Keepers' Conven-
tion Entertained at the Dadant Apiart.
—Yesterday afternoon 54 lady and gentle-
men delegates to the International Bee-
Keepers' Convention, visited the Dadant
apiary, two miles north of Hamilton, and
were right royally entertained. They were
given the freedom of his handsome resi-
dence and grounds.

They examined his rat-proof granary,
sampled his fruit, looked at and talked
about his bees and hives, passed their
opinions about his frames and foundation
comb, played with his jig saws, tasted of
his honey, looked at the immense quanti-
ties of beeswax in store, visited and com-
plimented his wine rooms and presses,
looked into his ice-house, sipped his wine,
ripped his bee-hive lumber, ate his cake,
asked questions about his shrubbery, filled
their pockets with apples, took possession
of everything and everybody on the place,
and came away as happy as larks on a
bright Spring morning. But the happiest
man in the crowd was Charles Dadant.

" Milk and Honey."— This item is
from last week's New York Tribune, and
we shall be glad to have all the other
papers in America herald the news that
" milk and honey " are "grand things for
poor humanity." That is a true statement
of it— both for body and mind I as well as
for food and medicine. Here is the item :

Mr. Thomas G. Newman, of the American
Bee Journal, thinks milk and honey a very-
wholesome combination — " grand things
for poor humanity."

The Order of the King's Daughters,
in New York City, has actively identified
itself with the great Charity Doll-Show, to
open in New York about the middle of
December. Dolls are to be dressed for this
exhibition, and then will be distributed
among the worthy poor children in public
institutions. The King's Daughters could
undertake no better work. Particulars are
given in " Frank Leslie's Illustrated News-
paper" of last week.

an Who Subscribe for the Ameri-
can Bee Journal can hereafter have our
Illustrated Home Journal also, from the
time their subscriptions are received to
Jan. 1. 1892— both papers for only gl.35.
We can also furnish Oleanings in Bee-
Cidture for same time with the above, for
$3.15 for all three periodicals This is an
offer that should be accepted by all who
keep bees, and desire the regular visits of
these standard' publications— all three pe-
riodicals from now to Jan. 1, 1892, for the
price named.

756

Tmm mwmmmi^mm mmm jO'tJimmmi^.

C01!»fVENTI0N DIRECTORY.

1891. Time and place of meeting.

Jan. 1,2.— Michigan state, at Detroit. Mich.

H. D. Cutting. Sec, Clinton, Mich.

May 7.— Susquehanna County, at Montrose, Pa.
' H. M. Seeley, Sec, Hartord, Pa.

I^~ In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting.— The Editor.

International Bee-Association.

President— Hon. R. L. Taylor.. Lapeer, Mich.
Secretary— C. P. Dadant Hamilton, Ills.

National Bee-Keepers' Union.

President— James Heddon ..Doiyagiac, Mich.
Sec'y and Manager— T. G. Newman. Chicago.

The National Bee=Keepers'

Union.— The following from E.Salisbury,
of Ossian, Ind., is right to the point, and
worthy of consideration. He says :

I fully endorse the last clause of N. E.
France's article on page 731. He says :
" It is strange that any bee-keeper should
hesitate to join the Union. It ought to have
thousands of members, where now it only
has about 450."

Then why not, each and all, do some-
thing toward getting members and swell-
ing the ranks of the Union i From what I
can gather from the Bee Journal, it has
accomplished grand victories for its mem-
bers ; but those not belonging to the Union
have no claim for aid, and they will not be
recognized by the Union. Keep the ball
rolling, and let the good work go on. The
annual fee is only one dollar, and no one is
too poor to become members.

E. Salisbury.

All membership fees received after this
date, will pay for the full year 1891. The
small membership so far is a disgrace to
the bee-keepers of America. The Union
ought to have a hundred thousand mem-
bers and then it would be abundantly able
to defend the whole pursuit from defama-
tion and misrepresentation, as well as to
maintain every apiarist in his or her rights
under the Constitution of the United States.

The Utah Bee and Honey Show, this
year, was very good, and the following will
give some idea of its character, as well as
the small premiums offered :

The bee and honey awards at the Utah
Territorial Fair, were as follows :

Snider, Taufer & Swaner, Salt Lake City
Best colony of bees, diploma and S5.

Snider, Taufer & Swaner— Best 20
pounds of extracted honey, *3.

Oliver B. Huntington, Spnngville— Best
20 pounds of comb-honey, *3.

Snider, Taufer &, Swaner- Best beehive,
diploma and $2.50. „ , j. ,

Snider, Taufer & Swaner— Best display
of bees, wax and honey, diploma.

Such premiums are no encouragement for
bee-keepers to show ; still there is general
dissatisfaction among other exhibitors
than bee-keepers. Small premiums are by
no means the worst of our troubles ; they

are bad enough, but when it comes to
incompetent judges going through the farce
of awarding premiums, it generally makes
a man's blood boil. For instance, the
judges on the honey exhibit were a poultry-
man, green-grocer, and a gardener ; not
one of them had handled bees, and seemed
to know more about sampling honey than
anything else. One of them said, "Well,
we used our best judgment in deciding."
1 told him that there was no doubt about
that, as his judgment on honey was very
poor, at best.

It would be just like putting as a com-
mittee, a mason, a painter, and a horse
doctor to judge a vegetable show, and so
on through the whole category of exhibits.

Such methods are always sure to give
general dissatisfaction, and cannot be too
strongly condemned. Under such circum-
stances one who takes premiums does not
know that he is justly entitled to them.

We had the display photographed, but
none of them were good, and we did not
have any printed.

The following clippings will give an idea
of what others thought of our exhibits :

An interesting feature of the Fair, con-
nected with the exhibits on the main floor,
is the bee and honey display by Snider,
Taufer & Swaner, who show in glass cases
the workings of the bees. These little crea-
tures, emblematical of the industry of
Ut.ah's people, are well worth seeing. —
News.

Three men engaged separately in bee-
culture, in this city, produced five tons of
honey this season. They have all the best
appliances for the business, and uniting for
an exhibit, have placed their display in the
hall under the name of Snider, Taufer &
Swaner. Honey is shown in the comb in
little frames, and in jars after extracting.
Bees are at work in hives, and, in fact, the
entire system of bee and honey-production
is shown in this exhibit, and it certainly is
an interesting one. — Tribune.

The Prodiiolion of Comb and
Extracted Honey.

Written for the American Bee Journal

QiERY 738.— As I am thinking of keep-
ing bees, and desiring to make it a
financial success, I would Ifke the opinion
of leading apiarists upoB this question : As
a profitable undertaking, which should be
produced in an apiary, combhoney or
extracted 1 — Ohio.

Both.— G. M. DOOLITTLE.

Both kinds.— J. P. H. Brown.

Both ; and the most of the kind that your
market demands. — A. B. Mason

Opinions are divided. I am inclined to
give the preference to extracted honey. —
M. Mahin.

The person, the locality, the market, and
many other things, have much to do with
making it a financial success. — H. D. Cut-
ting.

All depends on your market. Here I find
that it pays better to work mostly for ex-
tracted honey.— P. L. Viallon.

I am an advocate of extracting, as a
financial consideration ; yet surroundings
and location have something to do with it.
— J. M. Hambaugh.

This depends on many things. If I could
sell extracted honey readily for two-thirds

the price of comb-honey, I think I should
produce the extracted. — C. H. Dibbern.

That depends somewhat upon your loca-
tion, and upon your market. Ordinarily
both. — Mrs. L. Harrison.

Extracted ; because you can produce
more than twice as much, and because you
can keep a part of the crop over from years
of plenty for years of scarcity. — Dadant &
Son.

That would depend on your tastes, your
markets, and the character of your honey.
No one can tell without knowing your
circumstances. — R, L. Taylor.

This question has been asked many, many
times ; who can answer it i I cannot with-
out knowing the whole condition of things,,
viz : the man, the location, the experience,
etc. As the boy said, "It all depends." — J.
E. Pond.

That depends on the man and the place.
It is doubtful if you can find out about the
man in any better waj' than by trying both.
You can give a fair guess as to the place, by
seeing which kind the successful men about
you produce. — C. C. Miller.

I think both should be produced, though
much depends upon the market. Some
persons prefer comb-honey, some extracted
honey, and some want both. — G. L. Tinker.

This depends upon one's skill, tact, and
market. I think one should produce both,
and should study to learn how to do it ;
and then place his emphasis where his
market demands. — A. J. Cook.

I think that depends on circumstances
and conditions. A rule cannot be given in
advance, without knowing more of the
surroundings and your capabilities. —
Eugene Secor.

All depends upon your aptitude for pro-
ducing one or the other, and your market,
etc. In the aggregate, it is just as profit-
able to produce one as the other, of course.
The great law of supply and demand should
determine which.- James Heddon.

It has paid me best to produce both honey
in the comb and the extracted article. And
further, all my students, or those who
started bee-keeping under my teaching and
advice, have followed my plan of produc-
ing both articles, and they all approve of
my plan. It pays a bee-keeper to be able
to satisfy the market, and there is a
demand for both comb and extracted
honey. — G. W. Demahee.

Produce whichever your marketdemands
or your tastes dictate. To produce both
would give you greater experience. — The
Editor.

If you have a desire to kno>v

how to have Queens fertilized in upper
stories, while the old Queen is still laying
below— how you may safely introduce any
Queen, at any time of the year when bees
can fiy — all about the different races of
bees— all about shipping Queens, queen-
cages, candy for queen-cages, etc.— all
about forming nuclei, multiplying or unit-
ing bees, or weak colonies, etc. ; or, in fact
everything about the queen-business which
you may want to know, send for"Doolit-
tle's Scientific Queen-Rearing;" a book of
1 70 pages, which is nicely bound in cloth,
and is as interesting as a story. Price, *1.00.

CInlts of 5 New Subscriptions for $4.00,
to any addresses. Ten for $7.50.

irmm mrmmMicmu mmm jou;iiNa^.

757

INTERNATIONAL.

Report or Hie Bu8iiic.>is, Spceelics
and DiKcuskioiis.

Written for theAme)^ican Bee Journal

BV C. P. DADANT.

EVENING SESSION— FIRST DAY.

President Taylor called the Conven-
tion to order at 7:30 p.m., and stated
that Dr. C. C. Miller would preside at
the piano, and sing the 'Bee-Keepers'
Reunion Song, " and asked the audience
to join in the chorus.

The first thing, according to the
programme, was the following address
by Dr. A. B. Mason, Auburndale, O., on

The Apiarian Exhibit at the World's
Columbian Fair, in 1893.

Mr. Prcsiilcnt and Felloir Dcc-Kccpcrs :

The subji'ft assigned nii^ by the Execu-
tive Committee is one that should be of
intei-est to every bee-keeper in the world,
and more especially to those in the
United States, for upon them it naturally
devolves to look after the interest of the
Apiarian Exhibit, and get mattei's in
shape for the grandest disi)lay ever
made, of the appliances used in, and the
products of, the apiary.

That you may know just what progress
has been made I will give you the last
•correspondence with the Exposition
Management. On the 9th of the present
month I wrote tiie Secretary as follows :

"While arrangements are being per-
fected for thi> coming \yorld's Columbian
E.xposition. the bee-keepers of the United
t^tates and of the World, are quite anxi-
ous not to b(! forgotten. As reprenta-
tive of the bee-keepers of America. I
wrote to those having matters in charge
in Chicago, before' the location was
selected by Congress, and received a
courteous reply, and thanks for calling
attention to our industry.

"Now that matters are beginning to
assume definite shape. I wisli again to
call attention to the desirability of pro-
viding space for, and giving encourage-
ment to our specialty, and having been
recommended by our National, and some
of the State Bee-Keepers" Associations,
to have charge of the Apiarian Exhibit
at the Columbian Pair, I am anxious to do
what I can to aid in perfecting suitable
arrangements for such an exhibit.

"The next meeting of the International
American I5ee-Association is to be held
at Keokuk. Iowa, on the last thred days
of this month, and the Executive Com-
mittee have placed me on the programme
for an address on the Apiarian Exhibit
at the coming Chicago International
Exposition, and I would be pleased to
receive from you some suggestions as to
what provision will probably be made for
an exhibit liy bee-keepers.

"I would suggest tliat it would lie
-de.sirable to have' all Honey Exhibits
grouped together, and that that from each
State and foreign country be placed by
itself, with one General Superintendent
and one, or more, assistants, as may be

necessary. Tlie exhibit would very
jn-operly and naturally be placi'd in the
Ilortieultui-al l)e|)artraent. I'leasi' give
me any advice, iir iiuike any suggestioJis
that you think wnuld be of s<'rviee to us
at the coming meeting, where some
deliniti' action will probably be taken as
to what we shall do at the Ex|)osition."

To the foregoing I received the follow-
ing reply, dated Oct. 11 :

" Dear vSir : — Your letter in regard to
bee-culture and a suitable exhibit of tluxt
industry, is received. The industry you
rei)resent will have proper iilace in the
classification of exhibits, and ample
facilities will be ))rovided. The detailed
classification is not yet complete, nor
have we yet reached a period in the
progress of our work whicli would
authorize or permit an allotment of
space. Yon might make informal appli-
cation, indicating the nature and extent
of exhibit proi)Osed. and space yon would
require ; thereupon blanks will be for-
warded to yon. which yon can fill out in
accordance with instructions.

"For any information required,address
this office, and it will be promptly sup-
plied as it is gathered and classified.
Very respectfully,

BEN.r. BUTTEBWORTH. ScC."

As soon as a World's Exposition was
publicly talked of. I thought of the
following plan, and as yet have thought
of nothing better :

If possible, have our exhibit from
the whole World grouped together. Then
have the exhibit from each Nation.
Province. State, etc., placed by itself,
with a Superintendent to assign the
location and space, and to have the
general oversight of all, with one or more
assistants.

To illustrate : Place every exhibit from
Germany by itself, with a Superintendent
from Germany, and have a large sign
placed over the exhibit, marked "Ger-
many," and decorated with the German
coat-of-arms. and the whole place made
attractive with German flags, and such
other decorations as may be provided :
have about the same arrangemi'ut in
regard to Franci'. Great Britain and her
colonies, and other Nations : and the
same for each State of the United States,
with a large sign aver all. with sluelds
and flags, with the exhibit from each
State by itself, and the name of each
State witli its coat-of-arms over its
exhibit, and such decorations as may be
proper, and also have each exhibit
marked with tlie name of exhibitor.

It would add much interest to displays
to have the name of every article marked
or i)laced upon it. so that " an unsuspect-
ing public " would not be trying to buy
beeswax for maple sugar, and extracted
honey tor maple syrup, and calling straw
bee-hives, baskets ; or honey extractors,
churns ; washing macliines. ice-cream
freezers, etc. : or showing their l-cnowl-
edge of entomology, or their interest in
that science, by calling bees. bugs,
flies, etc.

If possible, have a fair-sized apiary
on the grounds, to be decorated with a
display of as largi' a variety of growing
and blossoming lioney-produciitg plants,
as it may be possible to procure. The

colonies to be in all sorts of hives, from
tli(> primeval log-gum, the box and straw
hives, up to the most palatial hives of
modern times.

If we can scH'ure such an assignment
by the Managers of the Exposition, we
can make a grand display ; but it is
possible we may not be able to do so.
Each Nation and State may desire to
have all their exhibits togetlier. If such
should l>e the case, would it not be. a
good plan for each National. I^rovincial
or State Bee-Keepers\Society to choose a
committee of one or more persons to liave
charge of getting up and providing for a
suitable exhibit frcnu their jurisdiction.

If the Columbian Exposition does not
provide "tlie needful" in tlie way of
premiums, it will probably be necessary
for the Bee-Keepers of the several States
to see to it that their State Legislatures
make the necessary appropriation. Such
a course would mean work for State Bee-
Keepers' Associations, and as some of
the Legislatures meet but once in two
years, the matter may need attention
during the coming winter, and every
State Society should begin preparations
at the next meeting.

At a recent meeting of the Nebraska
State Bee-I'Ceepers' Association, the
Secretary, Mr. J. N. Heater and Mr. A.
C. Tyrrel, " were selected to make
arrangements for an apiarian exhibit in
connection with the .State Agricultural
display for tlie World's Fair in 1892."
.So tlie Secretary wrote me on the 6th
inst. He asked for such information
and suggestions as I might have to offer.

Sometime since, through tlie "Ameri-
can Bee Journal," and "Gleanings in
Bee-Culture," I asked for suggestions in
regard to the proposed apiarian exhibit,
and have not received a single suggestion
from any one, Imt some liave written
asking for information.

I would suggest that this Convention
choose a good-sized Committee to wait
upon those Iiaving charge of the Exposi-
tion matters in Chicago, and urge upon
them the desirability and necessity of
having the Apiarian display all in one
locality, and make such otiier I'epresena-
tions and suggestions as in your wisdom
may seem best, and let the committee
act at once, before plans for the Exposi-
tion have been fully decided upon.
Unless we make our wants known, and
authoritatively too. we siiall not get such
recognition as belongs to us.

That committee could ,be made up of
Jlr. Thomas G. Newman. Dr. C.C.Miller,
President Taylor. Messrs. A. I. and
Ernest Root. R. McKnight, W. Z. Hutch-
inson and such others as are in attend-
ance at the convention who will go
to or through Chicago on tlieir way home.

A meeting of representatives of a
goodly nunibiT of the State Horticultural
Societies of the United States was held
in Cliicago during the past summer, for
the purpose of making arrangements for
the proper exhibit of fruits, grains and
seeds, and committees were cliosen, a
person recommended to have charge of
the exliibit, etc. Similar preliminary
work has been done by horse-men, catth?-
men. sheep-men, swine-men. and others,
and wliy not bee-men do the same ?

A. B. Mason.

758

T-MM SMEKiesH mmm j@jsmnmt^.

Rev. W. F. Clarke stated that Onta-
rio had already taken steps in regard
to the Columbian Fair ; that the
Province expected to make a ver}'
lai'ge display. He recommended put-
ting all the honey exhibits of the dif-
ferent Countries in one place, and
appointing a committee at once to see
about it.

Mr. Clarke also stated that the
McKinley Bill would have a discourag-
ing efl'ect on foreign exhibits, though
it was not likely to have much on the
Canadian exhibit.

Here ensued a short political discus-
sion, in which the Canadian delegates
seemed to be of the opinion that the
greatest objection to the McKinley
Bill was the hostile spii'it which it
showed, and which they thought was
likely to induce a spirit of retaliation.
It was then decided to appoint a
committee composed of Dr. A. B.
Mason, R. McKnight and Thomas G.
Newman to interview the authorities
of the World's Fair with regard to
securing ample space for the necessary
exhibits of honey and apicultural ap-
pliances at Chicago, in 1893.

R. McKnight suggested that his
name be withdrawn from the commit-
tee, and another name inserted in-
stead, unless the bee-keepers of Can-
ada were expected to join the United
States bee-keepers in their exhibit.

W. J. Finch, of Chesterfield, Ills.,
said : If I understand this matter
right, this is to be an International
Fair, and the people of Canada have a
perfect right to exhibit under the
auspices of the United States bee-keep-
ers, if they wish to.

R. McKnight said : I do not think
that the bee-keepers from all countries
will be allowed to exhibit in the same
place, as it is not customary.

Dr. Miller asked whether Mr. Mc-
Knight, who had experience in the
matter, could not help to solve this
difficulty.

W. F. Clarke thought that any
nation had a right to ask for space at
the Columbian Fair, and could not
see why the Canadian bee-keepers
could not be allowed to exhibit in the
same place with the United States bee-
keepers. He thought that allowing
Mr. McKnight's name to be dropped
from the committee would rather de-
ter them from exhibiting.

R. McKnight said that the Canadian
exhibit would depend upon the action
of the Canadian Government, and
thought it would be unreasonable to
ask for a special location for the bee-
exhibit of all countries. A great deal
of money was needed for the exliibits,
and this had to be furnished by the
dift'erent States and Provinces to their
exhibitors. This would place the ex-
hibitions under the sepai'ate control of

the dififerent Governments. He thought
that the bee-keepers of each State
should ask for appropriations from
their Legislatures, if they wished to
succeed. He was on the committee
sent for a four-months' exhibit in Lon-
don, of Canadian bee-culture, in which
they exhibited eleven tons of honey,
and had the people sample it by tea-
spoonfuls, to advertise Canadian pro-
ductions, and the English people
tasted it. to the amount of four tons,
all by tea-spoonfuls. He had the ex-
hibit of 26 different bee-keepers, and
after an expenditure of over .f2,000 in
cash, returned to the exhibitors from
14 to 18 cents per pound for comb,
and 11 cents for extracted honey. The
exhibiting committee was composed of
four members. He thought that the
United States should have sufficient
pride not to be outdone by Canada in
such matters.

Dr. Mason said : At the Interna-
tional Exposition of New Orleans, the
State of Ohio gave $500 to a bee-keeper
to take charge of the State's exhibit.
Whether we go to the Columbian
Fair as International or as separate
States, does not matter. I expect to
ask the State of Ohio to grant $1,500
for the Ohio bee-exhibit, and each
State ought to have a grant, in order
[ to make an exhibit worthy of the in-
terests represented ; but there is no
reason why we should not have the
exhibit all in one location. I must
say, however, that I object to the
motion as stated, and desire that the
bee-keepers' committee be instructed
to ask, not only for space, but for an
assignment, that will secure us a
recognition and liberal offers of pre-
iums, etc.

Further consideration of the ques-
tion was then postponed until to-mor-
row at 11 a.m., when the committee
would be heard from on this matter.

BEES AND OTHER PURSUITS.

The .subject, "Can poultry raising
be carried on successfully in connec-
tion with bee-keeping?" was discussed
by Dr. C. C. Miller, who read a humoi'-
ous letter from an imaginary German
to an editor, telling him about how
Sockery prepared to set a hen.

At the close of his remarks the Asso-
ciation was favored with some choice
selections of music by Fields Brothers
orchestra.

An informal recess of five minutes
was taken, and when called to order.
a committee was appointed to examine
the exhibits, and make a report. The
committee consists of Dr. J. Oreu, E.
R. Root, and S. A. Shuck.

BLACK ANTS.

The following question was then
discussed : "What can be done to do doubtedly

away with the black ants, that destroy
solid bottom-boards of hives ?

Ernest R. Root said that he knew of
the use of coal-oil but could hardly
recommend it, on account of its offen-
sive odor.

Dr. Oren used tar on the undei'sidfr
of the bottom-board.

Dr. Miller had seen bottom-boards
which were honey-comed by ants in
such a way as to destroy them in a
short time. He thought the only rem-
edy was to keep the bottom-boards off
the ground.

J. Blanchard said that white ants
troubled him ; he had to set hives on
tiles, and this effectually got rid of the
ants, as they do not like to work in the
light. These ants were very injurious,
as they destroyed everything in reach
of them.

J. D. Adams said that petroleum
soaked into the wood ; coal-tar applied
hot on the under side of the bottom-
board, would prevent them. Corrosive
sublimate spread on the ground will
kill the ants.

R. McKnight asked if any had
been troubled with ants, who keep-
their hives off' the ground ?

Dr. Miller said : I do not think that
if the bottom-boards are raised from
the ground, any one will be bothered
by ants.

S. A. Shuck said : I had a few hives
bothered by ants, but never when they
were 3 inches or more from the
ground.

R. McKnight said that some told
him to scatter salt about the bottom-
board, to prevent the ants from injur-
ing the hives.

Wra. Lyon, of Burlington, thought
that the salt would be objectionable to^
the bees.

Dr. Jesse Oren sated that he painted
even the inside of the hives with coal-
tar.

J. D. Adams stated that if coal-tai'
was applied hot. it would harden on
the boards, so as not to be objection-
able to the bees.

APICULTURE AS A SPECIALTY.

The next question was : •■ Does api-
culture pay tinancially as a specialty if
run independent of the supply business
or journalism ?"

R. McKnight said that bee-keeping
paid him, and that although he did
not make his living by bee-keeping, he
could do it, if necessai-y. He consid-
ered himself a specialist, and hi»
neighbors also considered him as such.
He°thought bee-keeping gave as good
profits for the investment as any other
special business. He believed that
bee-keeping was preferable to many
other vocations. A man could make-
bee-keeping pay as a specialty, un-

rtimm mimmmicm'H wmm jOjWistf^x.'L,.

759

TO RIPEN HONEY.

The next question was, "It some-
times happens that some of our ex-
tracted honey is thin, unripe — yet
mostly sealed. Will you please inform
us how to ripen or thicken such honey.
We usually extract once in from 7 to
10 days, during the hone^-tlow. letting
the combs become nearly all sealed
first, and yet some days get thin
honey, especially in the combs that are
taken out after noon.

C. P. Uadant was called upon for an
answer, and said that their method
was to keep adding more room, with-
out removing any of the honej', until
the crop was all in, except in extraor-
dinary rich seasons, when the honey
was ripened sooner than usual. He
thought that the faet of the honey
being sealed was not evidence of its
being ripe, as bees sometimes were in
such a hurry to cap their honey, that
they did not wait until it was all ripe ;
and that very often the cappings burst
in consequence of the fermentation
that would take place. If he had
honey that was unripe he would evap-
orate it slowly cm bain-marie, that is,
over hot water. In his opinion it was
'mainly the heat, together with a cur-
rent of air forced thi-ongh the hive,
that caused unripe honey to evaporate,
and the nearer we get to it unartili-
cially, the better. He knew that honey
could be preserved, of good flavor, by
evaporating it slowly by heat ; and he
preferred that method to the methods
advised by others, of allowing it to
stand for months in open vessels —
which method could not be practiced
by extensive bee-keepers.

Dr. Jesse Oren said : W. S. Hart, of
Florida, extracts every day, and runs
his honey in a long trough that is ex-
posed to the sun. The honey goes in
at one end, and comes out thick at the
other.

A. I. Root — Prevention is better
than cure ; but when jou have unripe
honey on your hands, it is better to
let it granulate and pour oft" the liquid
part of it. If you wish to evaporate it,
take the heads oft' the barrels and
cover them with strainer cloth. The
thick honey will settle to the bottom,
when it begins to granulate.

R. McKnight described his appara-
tus for liquefj'ing granulated honey,
and to cure unripe honey. It was a
double-oan, to place upon a stove, with
water in the outside can, and a faucet
running through both cans, to draw
off the honey. Heat the honey in this
wa}', as Mr. Dadant suggested, then
seal it while hot. This not only cured
the honey, but prevented further gran-
idation. A Mason-jar-full was put
upon a wall out-of-doors, and allowed
to remain there during a whole severe
Canadian winter, without showing a

trace of granulation. Honey could
also be cured satisfactorily by putting
it in a tin tank, in a hot room, the heat
of which helped the thick jjarts to sep-
arate from the watery portions, and to
settle to the bottom, while the water
remained at the top, so that there were
about three inches of sweet water in
one of these pans, that could be drawn
oft' and used for vinegar making. In
his opinion, however, the easiest and
best way to cure honey was by heating,
as stated by Mr, Dadant.

REPORTS OF AFFILIATED ASSOCIATIONS.

The condensed repoi-ts of Affiliated
Associations were then heard. They
showed that the honej' crop was very
much less than usual, and tlie prospect
rather poor. In many localities bees
had to be fed, in order to secure suffi-
cient winter stores.

MORNING SESSION— OCT. 30.

After the President called the Con-
vention to prder. Dr. Miller was re-
quested to sing the well-known ■■ busy-
bee" song, which he did in his usually
lively manner. After the song, which
was cheered by all, a resolution was
passed, upon the motion of Dr. Mason,
thanking C. C. Miller and Eugene
Secor, the authors of the bee-keepers'
songs, on behalf of the bee-keeping
fraternity.

INCORPORATION.

The committee appointed to con-
sider the points involved in the Presi-
dent's address, recommende<l the
appointment of a committee of three
members, to perfect the organization
of this Association, and to incorporate
it under the law.

W. F. Clarke saw the wisdom of a
State or Provincial organization, but
objected to the Incorporation of this
Association, on the plea that it would
affect its International character, as
he could not see that it could be made
legal with the two Governments.

Thomas G. Newman said that it was
very <lesirable to incorporate the Asso-
ciation. He thought that it was the
lack of organization that had kept the
A.ssociation from growing, as it should
grow. If it was well organized, the
membership would be continuous, and
the annual fees would be paid by all.
Now, owing to the general failure of
support from non-attending bee-keep-
ers, the annual meetings were mostly
local. He saw no difliculty in incor-
porating the Societj' in any one State
or Province. He said that he belonged
to another organization v/hich was in-
corporated in the State of Massachu-
setts, and it now had a membership of
63,000, which included every State in
the United States, and Province in
Canada; the Sandwich Islands and

Mexico. It hatl sub-organizations in
nearly every State in the Union, and
the Provinces of Canada. He thought
that the incoiporation would makt; the
Association legal, and wouhl greatly
help it, without hindering it in any
manner. Nearlj- all the members, in-
stead of being transient, w<ndd be
permanent, from year to year; but, of
cour.se, many annual members would
join only for the single year, as now.

A committee was finally appointed
for this purpose, composed of Messrs.
Mason, Newman and Secor.

Dr. C. C. Miller then read his essay,
•■What I Don't Know about Bee-
Keeping," which elicited much laugh-
ter ; and the words so often repeated
by him in his essay, ■• I don't know,"
became by-words during the remainder
of the session.

What I don't Know about Bee-
Keeping'.

I don't know why the secretary should
single me out to make an open display
of my ignorance about bee-keeping —
uidi'ss it be from natural spitefulness on
Ids part.

I don't know that I can tell all that I
don't know. It would take all the time
of the Conv<'iition. I'll just mention a
few iioints.

I don't know how far apart bees nat-
urally space their combs. The only
chanci^ I have lately had to measure,
gave eight spaces in eleven inches, right
through the brood-nest, the spaces vary-
ing from 1 '4 inches to lli inches.
As the combs apiu'oacliod the outer
edges tliey spread farther apart, reach-
ing in one case 1% inches. One man,
in wliom I have confidence, says IJi is
tlie average, wliile another says 19s. I
don't linow.

I don't know whether the greater loss
in wintering out-doors, in a climate lilfe
mine, may not be made up by greater
vigor as compared witli tliose wintered
in a cellar.

I don't know whether successive poor
years are to be considered a permanent
tiling, or whether we may again expect
crojis as of old.

I don't know why prices, this year,
don't ris(.' to correspond with scarcity.

I don't know whether it will be a good
thing to hold our annual meetings any-
where, or at any time, when we cannot
get reduced rates, as the result of some
other undertaking at the same time.

I don't know that there is need of any
more bee periodicals.

I don't know whether it is best to
rcplai-c queens of a certain age, or leave
it all to the bees.

I don't know how a bee-keeper, with
plenty of bees to stock his field, can
prevent some one else from planting an
ajjiary right beside him — tlius spoiling
the field for both.

I don't know, for certain, how to pre-
vent brace-combs.

I don't know of anything that will pay
to plant for honey alone.

I don't know whether new develop-
ments may not oblige me to go back to

760

's^mm rn'mmmi^mn mmm j&^mnmi^.

the antiquated and long-ago-condemned
plan of using fixed frames.

I don't know — and I don't know wlio
does know — how to prevent swarming.
I don't know what causes swarming —
don't know near as much about it as I
did years ago: and if I did know all
about the cause. I don't know that I
could prevent it.

I don't know that we'll ever get any-
thing settled in bee-keei)ing — settled to
stay, so we'll not have to change our
fixtures or plans.

I don't know near as much as what I
don't know.

I don't know — I don't know, but I'll
stop. C. C. MlI.LEE.

W. F. Clarke said. I do not know
what is the natural space between
combs. In many instances the bees
build crooked combs, and the spacing'
is verj' irregular. The}- seem to have
no rule whatever in spacing the combs.

S. A. Shuck — Dr. Miller, sometime
ago. called for statements in the bee-
papers on this question. Mr.Doolittle
gave a rule which contradicted m}' ex-
perience, but I feel certain that there
is uo fixed and invariable distance be-
tween coraljs. in a natural condition.

B. Taylor said : In 1856 I took great
interest in hives and fixtures, and as it
was of great importance to know the
ilistance from comb to comb, in trans-
ferring, I measured a great many hives.
and came to the conclusion that LV
inches was the nearest average to
Nature. I mean, the distance of brood-
combs from center to center. I am
sure that the distance is greater for
surplus combs, as the outside combs
are always built farther apart. I have
used both li. and If inches, and con-
sider IJ the standard.

J. C. Stewart said that he had found
the proper measurement at the top of
the frames to be l.l inches. In large
hives, the average measurement is not
far from 1 2 inches. Away from the
brood-nest, the combs are more irregu-
lar and thicker.

A. I. Root said he had figured on it.
years ago. Lately, he thought he hail
heard some one slate that combs could
be placed 1 j inches apart, from center
to center, and that the brood would
hatch and the work go on as usual.
Some thought that was sufficient room,
but he doubted it very much, and did
not think the bees were at ease on so
short a space.

E. R. Root supported the I J inch
distance, and said that the average
found in Nature was IJ inches for
brood and surplus combs, when taken
altogether. He thought that the bees
would put more biood and less honey
in the brood-nest, if they were only IJ
inches apart. He found that naturally-
built combs were spaced all the way
from IJ to 2i inches, but thought that

the preference of bees in a natural
state was IJ inches.

Wm. Lyon had experimented con-
siderably on this matter, and found
that it was a good plan, at the opening
of the season, to move the frames
closer together, as near as one and
five-sixteenths from center to center,
to prevent the storing of too much
honey in the brood-chamber. He found
that this narrowing up of the space
would drive the bees into the .sections
better than anything that he had ever
tried. He was in the habit of moving
his frames together every Spring, and
of moving them apart again in the
Fall, so that the combs would get suffi-
cient hone}' for winter stores, and the
bees could get more room between the
brood-combs, to cluster. He attri-
buted his success in getting bees into
the sections to this method, which he
had followed for a number of years.

R. L. Taylor asked : In a ten-frame
hive, what plan do j'ou follow ? Do
you add a dummy when bringing the
frames together ? '

Wm. Lyon said : I add a dummy,
or another frame, as the case may re-
quire. I have almost done away with
swarming by this method, as it drives
the bees into the sections at the begin-
ning of the honey crop. I use the
George BischofF frame, which is 9xl5J
inches.

Dr. Mason thought that Dr. Miller
was the proper man for that essay, as
he had noticed that in the answers to
questions in the bee-papers, when look-
ing for Dr. Miller's answers, he found
that he failed to give an answer — very
often — probably because "did not
know." He stated that he used 8
frames in a 12-inch hive, and some-
times even 9 frames, and thought that
the bees had a plenty of room vvithlg,
and did not have to push one another
around, to get by. He thought that
with IJ inches, the bees would more
likely get brood in the whole frames,
as Mr. Lyon had said.

J. M. Hambaugh believed in having
combs spaced at the bottom, the same
as at the top.

Dr. Miller said that new worker
comb is I of an inch thick ; old comb
is one inch, the average being fifteen-
sixteenths of an inch — the capping of
the cell is probabl}- one-sixteenth, leav-
ing just ] of an inch in a 1\ inch spac-
ing. A bee occupies three-sixteenths
of an inch, so that it would take six-
sixteenths instead of four-sixteentlis to
allow two bees to pass one another on
two combs, placed against one another.
Besides, it is very difficult when plac-
ing combs, to have the spacing very
exact ; mine is not. I have had combs
with cells unused, being too short.and.
in some cases. I have had whole
patches gnawed down by the bees.

owing to the want of space. Mr. Doo-
little drove me to believe that we
should have a little more than If
inches.

A. N. Draper said that he had hives
12 inches wide, and put 9 frames in
them, and piled them up three stories
high, and thought the bees remained
in the lower story more readilj' than
when the frames were further apart.

L. C. Axtell said ; In Illinois, we
have rich, mellovv soil, in which the
hives settle readily under the weight of
honey, and I often find hives settled
out of plumb, and the outside combs
swayed and touched each other, when
the bees would gnaw them down to
make room. For this reason, he would
not use frames less than IJ inches
apart. In practice, he gave them a
little over If inches.

J. M. Hambangh — We should look
to the large producers for their views
in this matter. Since the large East-
ern producers have been interviewed
by E. R. Root, we would like to know
what distances they use.

E. R. Root said that Mr. Hoffman
uses IJ inches ; Mr. Elwood uses IJ
inches. He said he had never tried If
inches, he might prefer it if he was to
try it. In man}' cases they discard
11 for IJ inches, because they get more
brood and less honey in the brood-
chamber.

B. Taylor .said that he did not ap-
prove of moving frames further and
nearer in the Spring and Fall, unless
one had a small apiary like Mr. Lyon's;
but he thought an extensive apiarist
should use the If inch space.

W. F. Clarke wanted to know
whether one had ever found a hive of
bees, in a natural state, with the
frames all regularly distanced. He
thought that the wavy shape of the
combs, in natural circumstances, was
for the purpose of giving more room
for the bees to cluster in the winter.
He had visited L. C. Root's cellar, and
had found bees hanging in clusters
through holes in the bottom-board,
showing how fond thej' are of cluster-
ing in small spaces, in the winter. He
did not believe in crowding the brood-
combs together at any time.

William Lyon, in answer to B
Taylor, said that it was tliose who had
small apiaries that ciuild make the
most careful experiments, as the large
producers had no time to give to ex-
perimenting, and for that reason he
thought that those who kept bees for
pleasure, like himself, could best see
the advantages of those manipulations.
He <lid not advise any large producer
to change the spaces every S[U-ing and
Fall, but he knew that for a bee-keeper
like himself, there was a great advan-
tage in it. He thought that his way
would be the very way for Mr. Clarke

TMm MMERICjHLM BEEJ JOURNaiL.

761

to follow. He never had fouud auy
trouble or objection to his method.

J. M. Hambaugh said that what the
specialist wanted was. how to prodiico
the most honey, and that a bee-keeper
who spent all his time witli bees must
keep ii large number of bees. There-
fore, as U inches was considered a
better space for winter, owing to its
giving more room for the bees to place
their honey and to cluster, he thought
that distance was the proper distance
for practical bee-keepers.

At this ]ioint the discus'.on was in-
terrupted by the Presitleut. who said
that the time alloted to this subject was
up. and stated that the Business-Mens'
Association at Hamilton, had sent a
delegation to the Convention, to otter
to transport those of the bee-keepers
who desire it, to the establishment of
theDadants, at any time they might
select. The offer was enthusiastically
accepted, and it was unanimously
decided that the Convention would ad-
journ at noon of the last day, for the
proposed tri]).

The Rev. W. F. Clarke theu read the
following on

The

International Bee-Association-
Its Past and its Future.

After liaving, somewhat raslily. as-
sented to the request of our worthy Sec-
retary, that I would speak on this topic.
I began to consider wliat I would say. I
ought to liave done this before commit-
ting myself to the task. But I did not.
So the next best thing possible, was to do
it afterwards.

Wlien I had fairly got on my thinking
cap, I made a study of the Secretary's
letter. It was not a strictly official, or
business document. There was a vein
of fun in it. I was to lie very lirief. The
reason assigned was, lest I miglit tire out
our good friend Dr. Miller, who was of
the opinion that I was inclined to be long-
winded. Well, I dare say he is right.
He ought to know. '• It takes a thief to
catch a thief," at least so an old ijroverb
says. The man who could reel off— what
was it ? — seventeen consecutive articles
on out-apiaries (?) must lie able.especially
if he is a Doctor, to give a correct diag-
nosis of long-windedness.

The Secretary furtlier said he had put
me last on the programme, so that if Dr,
Milli'r got tired, he could go home. I
concluded that the idea was', that if the
Doctor did not leave until the last item
in thi- lU'ogramme was reached, the meet-
ing would not lose much of liis valuable
aid. What I would lose in lacking tlie
inspiration of his presence, and what he
would lose through not hearing my elo-
quent words, did not enter into the Sec-
retary's calculations at all. Well, I
thought it all very funny, and had a
hearty laugh over it, as you are doing
now.

I shall not treat tlie first jiart of my
theme historically. That has been done
by an abler hand than mine, and we all
owe a great debt of gratitude to our

friend, Thomas G. Newman, for having
rescued the (>arly records of our Associa-
tion from oblivion, and colle<'ted them in
tlie admiralile little coinpend which
records our annals from the first meeting
until the ever-memorabh^ one, held in
Detroit, ill DeciMiiber, ISS"). Uc has laid
us under further obligations by contiuu-
iug his historical labors up to date. I
shall take the liberty of expressing the
thanks of this Convention for these and
many other services rendered to the
interests of bee-keeping by Mr. Newman.
Prof. Cook, though a much younger
man than I am, was the father of this
Association, He was not present at the
birth of his child, but I was, and I can
testify that it was legitimately born, and
was a fine, lusty youngster at the start.

May I just wliisper that the hiberua-
tion theory had the same ]iarentage. I
was nurse to the first-named child, and I
am foster-father to the second. Both
have had the usual maladies incident to
infancy and childhood, but both have
survived, and are "alive and kicking"
to this day.

We owe as many thanks to the father
of this Association as we do to its his-
torian, for he was not only the author of
its being, but lias helped, as much as
any one else, to make its history. All
lionor to him ! — and •■ more power to his
elbow !"

I wish to say a little in regard to what
this Association has accomplished. Its
first good work was to elevate Father
Langstroth to that pedestal of honorable
distinction which was his well-deserved
place. At the outset of this organization,
an attempt was made to start a rival
Association. The ring-leaders in the
movement were men who were not only
trying to rob Father Langstroth of his
legal rights, but of his good name. They
were decisively check-mated in a very
simple manner. This Association had
already elected Father Langstroth its
first President, thus doing liim honor.and
themselves more. When the convention
for tlie formation of a rival body met,
enough of us who knew Father Laug-
stroth's worth, and were impartially in-
tin-ested in bee-keeping, attended it to
elect the "Grand Old Man" President
of the rival organization too. We also
carried a resolution to adjourn to the
same time and iilace as liad been desig-
nated by this Association, and to take
stejis to make the twain one. Tlie mar-
riage was happily effected, and proved
an end of all strife.

The Presidency of the joint Associa-
tion honestly fell to the next in rightful
succession, the late Moses Quinby. I do
not use tlie language of cant when I
add, " of blessed memory," Tlie higliest
authority declares that " the memory of
the just is blessed," and if there was
ever a just man on this earth, Moses
Quinby was one. His .services to bee-
keeping were only second to those of
Rev, L, L, Langstroth, and I drop to-day
on liis too early grave — what shall it be '?
— a siu-ig of evergreen, or a spray of
golden-rod '? — lit it be both.

This Association not only proclaimed
to tlie world what a high place Father
Langstroth occupied in the esteem and
love of all honest bee-keepers on tills

great continent of North America, but it
has been the means of doing sometliing
toward making Ids old age a little miu-i^
comfortable. It has sliown its regard
and sympathy by deeds as well as words.
The iiurses of most bee-keepers are far
friMu plethoric, and recentyears iiave not
been iirospennis and jirofitable ones for
this iHirsuit, but our venerable friend
and fatliiT will not measure cnir love by
the magnitude — 1 should more jiropcrly
say, the smallness of our gifts. If our
purses were as full of money as our
hearts are of gratitude and atfection. In;
woulil yet die a rich man, as he ought to
do, and would, if he had his just be-
longings,

I must emphasize tlie inlluence this
body has had in keeping re]mtal)le bi'e-
keepers at the front. Men who liad sel-
fish schemes to promote — axes to grind
for their own spi*cial benefit — have not
dared to face the honest daylight in
whicli this Convention has always lived,
moved and had its being. The quacks
and charlatans of bee-keeping have
known enougli to keep away from scenes
where exposure was imminent, if not
certain. Bee-keepers who had real and
valuable improvements to propose, were
not afraid to bring them here, and we
have always had a more or less extensive
display of really good apiarian requisites.

At tlie outset of this organization, we
had motli-traps and multitudinous other
gim-craclis of the apiary, that we never
hear of now. The thorough sifting of
all matters connected with our pursuit
at these meetings, has disposed of a vast
amount of rubbisli. There has been a
furnace-fire constantly a-going, which
has purged away the dross, and left tlie
precious metals.

Our conventions have been models of
propriety and courtesy ; we have had
free discussion without personality or
bitterness ; many life-long friendships
have been formed and fostered at our
gatherings, and I do not know of any
ill-feeling that rankles among us. Hav-
ing the misfortune, or the good luck, to
be a blunt .John Bull, I have sometimes
opened my mouth and put my foot in it ;
but it lias never been with any anger or
spite. I do not thinl-c of a single bee-
keeper to whom I am not ready to say in
the words of Gerald Massey :

" Give me your hand, you shall, yo'u must,
I love you as a brother !"

except tlie lady bee-lveepers. and. of
course, the brothers embrace the sisters,
in comprehension, and otlierwise,

I want to say here, though I hesitate
to spealv of it on grounds of delicacy,
tliat though this Association did not
make our friend A, I. Root a bee-keeper,
yet it was one of the agencies ; and if I
am not mistaken, the first, that operated
to make him a good Christian man.

We all believe, however much we may
differ from him on some points, that he
is trying to do all the good he can in the
realm of upiculture, and in other and
higher spheres of usefulness. I try his
patience and forbearance, especially
when he sees me taking a quiet smoke ;
lie tries mine in other ways, but all the
same, he has not a more true friend,
admirer and well-wisher, than myself,
notwithstanding he holds me up once a

T62

Tsu mmLMMi^mM mmm jowmifsi^.

fortnight in his tobacco column, as a

great, big sinnor !

It goes witliout saying, that tliis Asso-
ciation has done mnoli to advance the
interests of boe-l<ceping by means of the
excellent papers, discussions thereon,
and the publication of its proceedings in
the bee-periodicals, especially in the
American Bee Jouknal, which has
always been foremost in giving prompt
and full reports. These have been scat-
tered far and wide, among bee-keepers.
and have cxcrti'd a mighty leavening and
educating influence throughout this con-
tinent and in all lands where apiculture
exists.

But I am getting ''long-winded" after
all. Still my fri<'nd and critic, Dr. Miller,
has not left. He is probably staying to
15rove the correctness of his professional
diagnosis as to the condition of my lungs.
However. I am- going to stop — really —
sooii — •• Honest Injun 1"

As a preacher. I never try to exhaust
my text, but only to set people thinking
about it. The true function of a public
discourse is. to lay down a track of thought
along which the hearers may travel at
will. Now you can all think of many
more good things in the past of this
Association than I have enumerated.
Add the sum total of it all together, and
there will be ample proof that its life
has been worth living, and consequently
deserves to be perpetuated.

I have only one word more to say
about the future of this Association. It
needs to assume a more representative
character. All along, during the course
of its history, we have tried to give it
this feature. The only defect in this
meeting has been that there were so few
" wise men from the East" here. The
distance is too great for many whose
hearts have bc^eu with us. to bear the
expense of the iourney.

I say frankly, that but for the gener-
ous kindness of my fellow-members of
the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Assocation, I
should have been absent — no great loss,
perhaps, except to myself. But I want
to hold up the. body I represent as an
example in this respect. We are going
to send at least one delegate every year,
and pay his expenses, even if the Asso-
ciation meets as far away as California.
I think I nuiy venture to tell you, as a
little " tal*- out of school," that here-
after, when a bee-keeper fills the presi-
dential chair among us for a year, he
will not •• step down and out," but will
be invited to step up and out, by being
appointed our delegate to this Conven-
tion. Is not this an idea worth adoption,
at least, by every State, )irovincial, and
territorial association ? I think it is,
and I would express the hope, in closing,
that this body, while retaining all the
good qualities it has had in the past,
will, in the futun-, be more thoroughly
and largely representative of the bee-
keeping fraternity, and in all parts of
North America. \V. F. Clarke.

Mrs. Harrison asked : Is there never
to be an}' chance for us to meet ladies
as Delegates from Ontario ?

W. F. Clarke — Certainly. Canada
is not behind the United States on
Women's Rights.

Dr. Millei- — It is evident that Mr.
Clarke meant to • ■ embrace the ladies "
in his essa}'.

Thomas G. Newman said that he
desired to impress one point in the
address of Mr. Clarke. In order to
make this Association trulj' representa-
tive, in fact as well as in name, it is
necessaiy that all the local, State and
Territorial Associations should send
Delegates to every Convention. We
want to see the Society extend even as
as far as California, and have Repre-
sentatives of that large honey-produc-
ing country attend our meetings. But
in order to do so, they must come as
Representatives, and their expenses be
paid bj" the Societies. No one indi-
vidual could alibrd the outlay for him-
self alone. But for the many, it was
easil}' accomplished. Able Represen-
tatives would be willing to give their
time to attend these assemblies, but all
Representatives should have their ex-
penses paid by the local Societies. This
is contemplated by the Constitution.

' Under the head of " Voluntary Con-
tributions," the following essaj-. writ-
ten by Allen Pringle. President of the
Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association, was
read, but the discussion of the topic
was postponed until the afternoon
session.

Foul Brood.

The Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association
has. I believe, two or three accredited
rci)resentatives at this Convention,
though but one with portfolio. But as
the ijresent membership of o\ir Society
would entitle us to a dozen or more dele-
gates, this communication from mi' will
not, I hope, be any enci'oachment on the
time, business, or patience of the mi>et-
ing. At any rate tlie paramount im-
portance of the subj<'ct I wish to bring
before you must be at once my justitica-
tion and apology.

On looking o\er the programme for
this International Convention of bee-
keepers, I am not a little surprised to
find that the question most vital to them
to-day has no jilace there. I therefore
propose to step in under cover of "Vol-
unteer Contributions," and fill the gap
thus left open.

The question I refer to- as being the
most serious and diflfictdtone confronting
the apiarist to-day is the •• Foul-Brood "
question.

The other prime difficulties in bee-
cidture have been removed — the largest
obstacles surnu>unt<'d. The winter
problem is solved: the " spring-swind-
ling" problem is solved; the evolution
of the "best bee" is well under way;
while a host of other minor matters have
been resolved into a multitude of solu-
tions to suit this bee-keeper, that one,
and the other one.

The fo\il-brood problem has stood the
longest. — a defiance to our heads and a
menace to our jiockets. But it, too. has
been pmcticitUy solved, though still hot
in theoretical dispute. But one good

fact, rightly interpreted, ought to kill a
dozen dubious, opposing theories. I
remember writing, wlien at school, from
this copy: "Theory is worth but little,
unless it can explain its own )ihenomena"
— and the idea has been useful to me.
Whatever the theories of foul-brood
presented, atid whatever the drugopathic
remedies jjroposed and predicated
tliereon, I undertake to say here, that
we, in Canada, have practically solved
the problem of cure, during the past
season.

As soon as I became satisfied of this, I
sought to convince our big cousin over
there of the important fact, but appar-
ently with poor success — that is, so far
as the periodicals and professionals are
concerned. I wrote to the two leading
American bee-periodicals on the subject,
sending a copy of our "Foul-Brood Bul-
letin " to each, and suggesting that they
give their readers the benefit of its
contents. The contents, however, did
not appear, though, of cotirse, my own
letters did.

Our inspector (before his appointment,
however), wrote out his method of
successfully treating foul-brood, and
sent it to another .Vuu'rican periodical,
that number of whii-li was to be wholly
taken up with the foul-brood subject.
This communication did not appear,
it contained a great truth, and perhaps
inore valuable infornuition for tliose
scourged with the fo>d-brood, than all
else that appeared in that number.

Now, "brethering." ( I mean ye three
editors, and doubth-ss all present),
please bear in mind that this is not
meant for an attack on you or your
periodicals. I attack "brother Jona-
than," for I suspect he is to blame.
That tremenduously big brother of ours,
armed with the " McKinley Bill," is just
now straightening himself up in our
presence and giving us a withering
glance — "on the slant." These " sove-
regu " citizens of his have no dotilit
caught the infection, and naturally
enough imagine that "no good thing
can come out of Nazareth," or Canada.

Be that as it may. I repeat and re-
iterate, for the benefit of whom it may
concern, that we hav(< practically solved
the foul-brood question in Canada — that
is, so far as its succ<'ssful treatment is
concerned, and that, of course, is the
main )ioiut: and we shall charge you
nothing for the infornuition of how it
was done. Though you may he unwil-
ling to import the " furrin " article
witlumt a tariff or JIcKinley-tax, we
shall nevertheless smuggle it in to you
by •• Her Majesty's mail"' and "Uncle
Sara's jiost."

By this little digression we mean imth-
ing amiss. It is only a friendly return
of harmless banter which I sometimes
observe coming over here, from down
there. Nor do we mean to boast over
our achievement in apicultural thera-
peutics. Our determination to give you
this information how to cure foiil-brood
does not arise from that motive. On the
other hand the motive may not be
wholly benevolent or disinterested.
There may be a trifie of selfishness
about it, but of a kind beneficial to you
as well as ourselves.

Tmm mfmmmicmn mmm joxsmnmiu.

763

The matter stands thus; Foul-bi'Dod
has hren and is scours;ing boi'-kecpcrs
evorywlioi'p in tho Eastern Continent, as
well as tliis, and to an extent not gen-
I'rally known. We, in Ontario, have
nndertaken to grai)|)le witli it, and
overcome it. We are snceessfnlly aceom-
plisiiing the taslv, anil we want our
nearest neiglibors "over there" to do
the same, not only for their own benefit,
bnt that they may not injure us. You
will now pereeive that our motive is both
egotistic and altruistic, but for tiic ulti-
mate good of both conntres. In view
of the fact that then' is considerable
interchange of bees and honey between
the two countries, our solicitude is not
unnatural or unreasonable.

\Vc intend to stamp out the pest here.
and we offer you the advice to do the
same there, and the instructions how to
do it. Thougli the "great guns" and
the tribmu's may be too high to look
towaril Nazareth, the poor suffi>rers are
not, of which fact I ha\e had ample
evidence lately ; and this is the chief
reason why I write this letter to the
International Convention of bee-keepers.
Since my letters, abo\'e referred to,
appeared in the Amekicax Bee Journal
and OlcntiinQH. I have had many inquir-
ies from different States of the Union,
and applications for (jur Foul-Brood
pamphlet. I responded to all, though
the work was considerable.

To cover this ground, and meet this
want. I shall here give in concise form
the desired information — Ixow to cure
foul-hnjvd (tmonij the bees — in a simple,
hygienic manner, without the aid of
drug or druggist, and outside of, as
well as during the lioney season. Of
course, during a honey flow is the best
time for operating.

In the evening, I'cniove the bees and
queen from tlie diseased colony, and
place them in a clean hive, with founda-
tion-starters. Four days afterwards
take away all frames of comb and start-
ers from them, and give them f\ill sheets
of foundation, or empty comb which you
know to be free from the taint of disease.
The colony is now cured, and will rear
brood, healthy and free from the disease,
until contracted again through the
ingathering of diseased honey, or other-
wise. Th(! honey is the chief, if not the
only, medium of the contagion, and one
drop of affected honey brought into a
healthy colony, if used for larval food,
is sufficient to start the disease.

This is a very important fact, con-
stantly to be borne in mind, in order to
prevent the spread of the disea.se. The
diseased honey may be rendered innoc-
uous by boiling, and the combs by
rendering into wax, the dross to be
buried.

To save the healthy part of the brood
taken from diseased colonies, fill empty
liives from the frames of brood, and close
the entrances securely for two or three
days, attending to warmth if the weather
is cool, and to ventilation should it be
hot. Tlien open the entrance ; and as
soon as the healthy brood is all hatched,
put the young bees through exactly the
same process as tlie old ones, described
above, give them a queen or a cell, and
they, too, arc cured. All the himey

taken from both the old and young col-
ony, m\ist be boiled before it is given to
th(^ bees, and all the combs melt((d into
wax.

To cure a foul-broody cohmy in the
Fall, after the honey seascui is ovi'r,
remove the l)ees and queen from th<'ir
hive and place them in a clean hivcwitli
as maiiy frames of healthy, sealed honey,
or syrup, as may be requin'd for winter.
The combs must be cmnplctrhj filled and
ni'itlcd so that the bees will retain the
diseased lioney they may bring with
them, until it is disgested. instead of
depositing it in the combs, and so that
the queen may have no place to deposit
eggs until all the danger is past.

This is the simple plan of curing foul
brood followed by Mr. McEvoy. our in-
spector, and is invai'iably successful. He
has treated hundreds of cases during the
past season, without a single failure.
Since he began his official work, in May
last, under our Act. he has examined
nearly a hundred apiaries and a thou-
sand colonies. Many whole apiaries
that were fairly rotten with the disease,
are now perfectly sound and liealthy.

By the method given, any and every
form and stage of the disease, from the
simplest to the most malignant, may be
cured. The proof of this, in its ampli-
tude, is before us : and this is why I say,
and say again, that so far as the cure of
foul-brood is concerned, we have practi-
cally solved the problem here in Canada.,
this year.

This is reason enougli for my persis-
tency in pressing the matter on your
attention, for [ have not the sliglitest
doubt that when the truth becomes
known to you, as it is now known to us,
the disease will be found to be as preva-
lent there as it is, or ^yas, here. Little
did I suspect its wide extent and fatal
ravages, until the machinery of the law
disclosed the fa<'ts.

Vi'e now ask you to follow our example
in this whoIes(une remedial work. What
did we do and have we done ? At the
risk of unduly lengthening out this
epistle to the modern Gentiles, I shall
summarize that work, though it may he
a reijetition of what I have previously
written to the bce-periodocals.

At our last annua! meeting, the fact
was disclosed that foul-brood existed. and
was making rapid headway in sections
of this Province. We at once took steps
to secure the requisite Legislation to
aid us in its sui)pression. We went to
work with a will, and within the short
s])ace of three months the fruit of our
endeavor was an " Act for tlie Suppres-
sion of Foul Brood Among Bees," passed
by our Provincial Legislature. The
working of this Act so far goes to prove
that it is the iK'stofits kind in existence,
of which we have any knowledge.

Under its lu'ovisions our Association
annually appoints a Foul Brood Inspec-
tor and Sub-inspector, jiaid by tlie
Crovernment, whose duty it is to go
wherever tlie Society directs them, and
inspect apiaries, witli full power either
to treat tlie diseased colonies, or destroy
tliem when necessary.

Under its provisions, resisting the in-
spector in the discharge of his duties is
a penal offence. Exposing diseased

honey, comb, or other article, is a penal
offence. Selling diseased bees is a jieiial
offenci^ : also other acts conducive to th«
spread of th<^ disease and inimical to the
public interests.

We have also a pamphlet on tlie snb-
ji'ct, emln-acing a cojiy of tlie Act, modes
of treatment, etc., which we induced the
Government to issue as an ofKcial
"liiilletin" under the Department of
Agriculture. Tliis pamplilet is printed
in English and German, and has been
distributed among seven to eight thcm-
sand Ontario bee-lveepers. ■■tto tlioii
and do likewise." Allen Peingle.

Selby, Out.

(Concluded next week.)

Uoiibling up Colonies.

I started in the Spring with 24 colonies
of bees, which I increased to 32. I took oS.
about 900 pounds of white clover honey,
and about 1 00 pounds of Fall honey ; 1 ,000
pounds in all, of comb honey. From what
I can learn from the bee keepers of Moul-
trie county, I obtained as much, or more,
merchantable honey as all of them to-
gether ; I think, owing to the doubling up
system that I have adopted the last two
years. Alex. Rose.

Sullivan, Ills., Nov. 5, 1890.

An Aster,

Enclosed find flowers handed me this
morning by Dr. W. J. Smith, a bee-keeper
near here. It grows plentifully here in the
Ouachita River Valley, and along creek
bottom lands, and bees are working on its
bloom vigorously. Now, we do not know
its name, or whether it is good for honey
or not. Please let us know through the
Bee Journal if it is any good for honey,
and state its name. I write by request of
Dr. Smith. Z. A. Clark.

Arkadelphia, Ark., Oct. 29, 1890.

[It is an aster, and it is an excellent
honey-producer. — Ed.]

Bees CarryinK lioney Below.

Some one said : In preparing bees for
winter, place the bees upon not exceeding
6 frames of good honey. Of the 10 Lang-
stroth frames in my hives, I do not find 6
well filled. I have no extractor. To get
the honey transferred from the 4 frames, I
placed them in the upper story, and the
bees appear to me to be consuming the
honey, rather than taking it below. What
would have been the correct course in this
case ! I have been in the bee business one
year, and have learned a little, and can see
that there are other conquests a-head of
me. While the veterans are puzzled to find
a market for honey, I am seeking the
honey, which is still scarce. My bees had
hundreds of acres of white clover : but
they gathered no honey from it. They
were not ready when the honey came —
they will be next time. We have buck-
bush, which gives the bees work all through
August. By the way, this is our best honey
plant ; and we have golden-rod, Simpson
honey-plant, sweet clover, horse-mint,
smart-weed, etc. I think that success in
introducing queens depends upon one's
ability to distinguish an amiable from att

764

T'M© JKMERICSPf MWiM JOmmrnME^.

^;^^*^A^kAJ

> ^ * ^ * -^ *^*^^^A^

angry bee. Mr. Doolittle can tell as soon
as he places the caged queen among the
bees what they think of her — but he cannot
tell me how to do it, as we have to learn
this by practice. October is the time for
the new hand to introduce queens.

J. M. Mitchell.
Knobnoster, Mo., Oct. 18, 1890.

[If you had "scratched" the cappings of
the honey, before putting it above the
brood-chamber, so as to have it lealiing,
the bees would have taken and stored it
below, realizing that it was being wastaJ.
As it was, they concluded that it was only
stores for their consumption, and they
appropriated them early, before the cold
weather came to prevent them from leav-
ing the cluster — -Ed.]

50 I»«iin«Is of Honey (»er Colony.

■ My crop of honey will be about half an
average. I will get 50 pounds per colony,
and I think that is good for this year ;
most of it is in oue-pound sections, and the
rest of it is extracted. My bees are in fine
condition — most of them having plenty of
honey to winter on. I will unite some
weak ones. The new colonies are light, but
there were only -1 swarms out of 00 colo-
nies. One fine colony of Italians went to
the woods, or some where else. I think I
have done well for this year. We are hav-
ing nice rains, and the clover looks fine,
what there is of it. I think it was injured
by the drouth somewhat. Corn is onlj^ half
a crop, and oats the same. The wheat crop
was good for this country — so, all in all, I
think the bees will pay a good deal better
than other crojis around here. Honey is
selling at wholesale at 15 cents per pound.
I am holding my best in Kansas City, for
20 cents per pound. Honey is too low, tor
this year, but we have got into theruts and
will have to get out. The cause of that is
fogyism, box-hives, etc.

John Blodget.
Empire Prairie, Mo., Oct. 17, 1890.

Wo flinrplii.H Honey.

I have 10 colonies of bees, but I have to
feed them for winter stores. The surplus
honey was a failure in this neck o-the-
woods, this year. Only a few colonies have
stores sufficient to winter on, without feed-
ing, and lots of beekeepers are disgusted,
and say they will not do anything for the
bees this fall ; and that means a lot of
empty hives until Spring. So those that
feed and care tor their bees this Fall may
reap a good harvest next year.

E. J. FrSSELMAX.

North Jackson, O., Nov. 4, 1890.

Bees must be Fed or StarfC.

Bees have done very poorly here this
season, and many colonies will have to be
fed, or starve before spring. I have 33
colonies in fair condition.

John Norway.

Jay, Vt., Oct. 21, 1S90.

Tm-o Sn-arins on One Tree.

How many of the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee JouitXAL have seen a tree with two
separate colonies of bees in it. (I saw one.)
They were about 15 feet apart. The tree
was found by some boys, while out squir-
rel hunting, and they cut the tree down
and took the bees out of the lower cavity,
and thought that was all there was of the
bees they saw going in at the two entrances.
They returned home with their bees and a
little honey, and did not know they had
left another colony in the same tree, until
they passed by it two or three days after-
ward, when they cut the log otT, above and
below, the bees, and took it home with
them, and stood it up in the yard, and let
them work away. They appear to be all
right. C. R. Smith.

Moorfield, Ind., Oct. 28, 1890.

Results of tbe Past Season.

I started in the Spring of 1890 with 19
colonies, all in good condition. The season
opened up unfavorabl}'. April and Maj'
were cold and rainy, but June, and until
the middle of July, were very good. After
that it turned dry until the latter part of
August. During that time tbe bees hardly
gathered, enough to live on; but after that
it became better, and they are all in good
condition for wint6r,better than I expected
them to be. I increased from 19 to 30 col-
onies, and obtained 500 pounds of comb
honey and 200 pounds of extracted honey.
My extracted honey sold for 15 cents, and
comb-honey for 18 cents per pound at our
home market. I was the onlj' successful
bee-keeper in this vicinity. My neighbor-
ing bee-keepers did not get any honey, for
they all keep the common black bees ;
mine are all Italians, from queens which
were reared by Mr. Doolittle.

J.U'Olt Vanderhor-st.

Minster, O., Oct. 37, 1890.

Better than E.xpectecl.

I have had better success this year than
last, and better than I expected. I took
t*s"o boxes from my two yielding hives. I
placed one upon the other, and started for
the barn, where I found my partner busy
with some potatoes. I said, "Please hold
these a minute," whereupon he reached up
to take what he supposed to be empty
boxes. He was surprised to find that one
contained 13 pounds and the other 7
pounds, making a total of 20 pounds. I
have now 3 good colonies, and 2 that are
not in as good a condition as I should wish.
I shall put the whole 5 into winter quarters,
and hope to see them all alive next spring.
I intend enlarging all my empty hives this
winter, as I find that these are the only
ones that pay out here ; and I have tried
the small ones to my sorrow. The clover
and golden-rod seasons were fair. Twenty
pounds to a colony is considered immense
out here, but I hope to show them what a
colony can do. The only tw'o apiarists
near me have let their apiaries go to ruin.
One had 29 colonies, and he now has about
7 ; the other had 8, and he has now only
one. O. R. Hawkins.

Bellport, N. Y., Oct. 17, 1890.

Penny i-oyal.

Bee-keeping has been a failure here for
several years, on account of the stockmen
burning the woods each year just as penny-
royal, our main honey supply, is coming
into bloom. H. G. Burnet.

Alva, Fla.,Oct. 23, 1890.

June 29 ; after that they seemed to be pos-
sessed with a mania to swarm. I found
that I could not keep up with them, so I
examined a part of the hives, and cut off
all of the queen-cells, first making sure
they had a queen. These colonies gathered
nearly double the amount of honey, and
are in good condition for winter. I do not
approve of clipping the queens' wings
where fowls are running, as they will pick
them up. I have a bee-house 14x^2 feet,
and 8 feet in the clear, partially under
ground, and otherwise protected from
frosts. Some of my colonies came out last
spring with combs (]uite moldy, while
others were as clean as a whistle.

I. W. Kees.
Chippewa Falls, Wis., Oct. 24, 1890.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

Satisfactory Increase and Crop.

I commenced the last spring with 33 col-
onies. They increased to 77. I lost one
by moths, and 4 were robbed. Not feeling
very well in June and July, from the eflfects
of La Grippe last winter, I did not get my
supers on in time to catch very much of the
basswood and white clover honey flow, but
my bees have done well on buckwheat,
wild sunflower, golden rod, and other wild
flowers, and are well stocked with winter
supplies. I did not get any swarms until

DENVER, Oct. 13.— We quote: 1-lbs., first
grade, 16@18e. Ext, 7®8c. Beeswa.x, 20@2oc
J. M. CLARK COM. CO.. 1517 Blake St.

DETROIT, Got. 1.3.— No white honey in the
ma,rket; dark or fall honey sells at 14@13c.—
Extracted, 7@8c. Beeswax. 27@28c.

M H. HUNT. BeU Branch, Mich.

NEW YORK. Oct. 24.— We quote: Fancy 1-
Ibs., white, lB@18c.; 2-lbs., white, 14®l5c.
Off grades, 1-lbs., 14(!/'15c.: 2-lbs.. 12@13c.
Duckwheat. 1-lbs., 12(5'l.'!o.; 2-lbs., 10@llc.—
Extracted, white clover and basswood, 8@8',4c
buckwheat. 7c.; Califoruiii,6',J(ai7 cents per lb.
Southern, 70c per g-allou.

HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
28-30 West Broadway.

CHICAGO, Oct. 11.— Best grades of honey
sell at 17®18c. For brown and dark in un-
cleaued sections there is a light demand, the
prices having to be shaded to meet the views
of the lew buyers there are lor that grade.—
E.\tracted, steady at 7@i8c.— demand is good.
Beeswax, 27@28c.

R. A. BURNETT, 161 S. Water St.

CHICAGO, Oct. 11. — New honey arriving
very slowly, demand active, and all receipts
are taken promptly. We quote: White clover
1-U)s., 16@18c.; 2-lbs., 14®13c.; dark 1-lbs.,
11(2)1 2c; 2-lbs., 9@10e. Extracted meets with
quick sale, values ranging from 6'/2®7J4 cts.,
(iepeudiug upon quality aud style of package.
Beeswax, 286i30c.

S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, Nov. 8.— We quote 1-lb.
white comb, lt)@18c: 1-lb. darkcomlj, 12@14c;
extracted, j@,~c. California 1-lb. white comb,
16(!i;17c; 1-lb. extra C & C. 16c: 2-lb. extra
C & C, 14e; 2-lb. white, l.)C; extracted,6;s@7c.
CLEMONS, MASON & CO..

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

CINCINNATI, Nov. 3.— Nothing new in tbe
market. Comb honey is scarce. A choice ar-
ticle would bring 16@17c a lb. in the shipping
way. There is a good demand for extracted
houey at 3i4@8c a lb. on arrival. The arrivals
are good.

Beeswax is in good demand at 24@26c.. for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH & SON,
Corjier Freeman & Central Avea.

BOSTON. Oct. 24.— Houey is selling very
freely. Demand fully equal to the supply.
We quote best 1-lb.. 18(Sa9c; 2-lb., 16@17c.
No beeswa.x on hand.

BLAKE & RIPLEY, 37 ChalJham Street.

MILWAUKEE, Oct. 11.— Market is in good
condition for honej-; demand is steady and
good values maintained, while the supply is
tuir to meet the current demands. We quote:
Choice white 1-lbs., 17@18c.; good white 1-lbs.
10(Sil7c. Dark and old 1-lbs.. 10@12c. Ex-
tracted, white In barrels, 8H®!lc.; in kegs or
tin, 8@9V4c. : dark, in barrels or kegs, 6@7c.—
Beeswax, 26®30c.

A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.

THK m.jmMmi€mn mmm joiuhkki:,.

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VOL. XXVI. CHICAGO, ILLS., NOVEMBER 22, 1890.

No. 47.

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Topics Presenteg in This Nnmlier,

A Swarm Returning to the Old Hive. . 772

Bee-Houses 776

Comb-Foundation for Surplus 774

Comb-Honey without Separators 776

Constitution of the Society 779

Fixed vs. Hanging Frames 775

Foul-Brood 773

Gleams of News 772

Imitation Honey Comb 771

Italians i).s. Hybrids for Honey 778

Moving Bees 780

National Bee-Keepers' Union 778

Next Year's Honey Crop 771

North American Convention 773

Not Discouraged 780

Requisites for a Honey-Crop 776

Spring Dwindling 776

Swarms Without Drones 780

Thanksgiving 772

The Convention at Keokuk 772

World's Columbian Fair 773

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Emerson Binders, made especially for the
AMERICAN BEE JoHRNAL.are lettered in gold
on the back, and make a verv convenient way of
preserving the Bke JouRNALas fast as received.
They will be sent, postpaid, for 60 cents each.
They cannot be sent by mail to Canada.

liOst Numbers,— We carefully mail the Bee
Journal to every subscriber, but should any be
lost in the mails, we will cheerfully replace them
if notified before all the edition is exhausted.

Alnrays Give tlie Name of the Post-Offic©

to which your paper is addressed. Tour name
cannot be found on our J-.ist, unless this is done.

We ■will Present a Binder for the Bee

JonrJJAL, to any one sending three subscriptions
to the Bee Journal— with |3.oo— direct to us.

Advertisements for the next Bee JotJBNAT
rauflt reach this office by the Saturday ^^ Ute
pre'iiious week.

-'~*^-"

A Beautiful, 3G-page Monthly for the

The Thanksgiving Number

(For November) and the Christmas Number (for December) will be sent free to
all New Subscribers for 1891, until the November edition of 10,000 is exhausted.

The Bee Journal and Home Journal (both SI. 50) will be clubbed together for one
year for SI. 35. Read the following contents of the November Number:

Thanksgiving (Illustration) 340

! CONTENTS OF NOVEMBER NUMBER,

Now, Ain't I Nice! (Engraving) 321

Hearts of Gold ; a Thanksgiving Story

^ by W. J. Cobb 322

! — Illustration : "It is some one with

a big basket on his arm, all muffled
I" up." CT".'
Old Joe Sweeney — inventor of the

Banjo (Illustrated) 334

Thanksgiving Sketch, by Mrs. Prank

, Leslie 335

China Decoration 325

Mayor Gleason (Illustrated) 326

Royal Visitors to America 326

Illustrations : Nicholas Alexan-

drovitch — Louis Napoleon — Louis

Philippe— Grand Duke Alexis.

Ai'chitect MuUett's Suicide 327

Our Young Folks— by Geo. W. York-
Little Charlie and his Capers— Fred-
erick the Great and His Page— Owl
and Pussy—" Sing a Song of Six-
Pence" — A Critic of Music 328

A Dish of Peach Preserves — A Story
by Mrs. Dr. Sarah Dudley 329

A Beautiful Autumn Scene in Penn-
sylvania (Full-page Engraving) 331

Bits of Nature— No. 6- by Allie Lind-
say Lynch 332

Autumn Fashions (Illustrated)- Milli-
nary Memoranda— Fashions of the
Future— Street Dresses for Autumn
—Evening Bodice— Lady's Waistcoat 334

The House-Keeper- by Lucy Langdon
—Various Ways of Preparing Apples
for the Table 335

Music: "If -Thou Art Sleeping,
Maiden "— LongfeUow 336

Contributor's Chats-by Maude Mere-
dith—Two Sides— A New Book-
Sister's New Home— Many Failures
—When a Secret 's a-Brewing— One
Man's Way— Breakfast 338, 839

Thanksgiving Story (Illustrated) by
David A. Curts 340

School-House Architecture 343

The Puzzler (Illustrated) with Key to
Former Issue 344

The Guardian Angel (Full Page Illus-
tration) 345

Miscellaneous : —

A Girl of Enormous Size 333

A Novel Candelabrum 334

Apples for the Table 335

Baron de Hirsch (Illustrated) 346

Fast Telegrams 338

Field Marshal Von Moltke 333

Fits of Whooping Cough 344

Happy Thought 342

Hot Water for Relieving Pain 333

How to Boil an Egg 334

Modern Versions 343

Nick-Names of Military Officers 335

Only a Question of Time 333

Ottar of Roses, by Dorathea Hodges 346

Peculiarities of Jelly Fish 344

Preserves, by Dorathea Hodges 346

Primrose Day 344

Salad Dressing 334

Scientific News and Notes 346

Speed of the Fly 344

Statistics of Languages 346

Struck the Wrong Man 333

Subjects of General Interest 343

The Future of Aluminum 344

The Peanut in Different Localities. . 344

Tumbled into a Fortune 327

Want their Names Changed 337

Poetry ; —

A Restful Wish 325

Autumn Song 332

Graduation Day 332

If Thou Art Sleeping 336

November — Accrostic 334

Thanksgiving, by E. Secor 331

Thanksgiving from Two Stand- points

(Illustrated) 333

The Golden-Rod 339

The May of Life 339

Two Sides 338

When a Secret 's a-Brewing 338

WHAT THEY SAY ABOUT IT.

THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON. 246 East Madison St., Chicago, Ills.

Mrs. L. Harrison, of Peoria, Ills., records her
opinion iu this language: "Many sample
copies of various publications find their way
to our desk, and soon are nestling in the waste-
basket ; but when the Illustrated Home
JouRN.\L came, bearing the name of that well-
known firm (Thomas G. Newman & Son), it met
a verj' different reception. It was read and
re-read, and its content's well noted, and then
loaned to a neighbor. We wish It success, and
predict for it a glorious future."

W. M. Barnum, of Angelica. N. Y., writes as
follows: "The Illustrated HO.ME Journal
unexpectedly (but welconily) found its way to
our sanctum recently. It is a beautiful and
intensely interesting Journal— well worthy of
Publisher Newman's zeal. I wish it success."

J. M. Shuck, of Des Moines, Iowa, says : " The
Illustrated Home Journal is a gem of the first
water — appreciated as soon as seen."

James A. Green, of Daj-ton, Tils., expresses
himself thus : "I am ^'cr}' much pleased with
the Illustrated Home Journal. I wish and
jiredict for it success. Interesting, instruc-
tive, t.vpographicallv peii'ect. with ability and
enterprise at the helm, it is bound to succeed."

J. M. Jenkins, of Wetumpka, Ala., writes :
"The Illustrated Home Journal is received.
We are all delighted with it. Success to it."

Elvln S. Armstrong, of Jerseyville, His.,
thus writes : " On behalf of "the ladies of the
household,' I would sa,^• that your Illustrated
Home Journ.\l for April came duly to hand.
You should be proud of it — we are. I wish it
the greatest success."

Frank A. Eaton, Bluffton, O., writes thus:
" I am delighted with the Illustrated Home
Journal: its contents are choice literature,
and it is filled with fine instruction, which
makes it true to name. Its typography ami
quality of paper are the best. I shall careful-
ly preserve Volume IV. commencing with the
April number, and have it bound."

Mrs. L. C. Axtell, Roseville, HI., writes thus:
"The Illustrated Hume Journal is received,
and I find it a Magazine of much better tone
than most of our home and fireside reading; In
fact I am well pleased with it."

The Rev. M. L. Williston, Chicago, Ills.,
writes: ""The Illustrated Home Journal has
conic, and I admivc this Centennial niuiiber
greatly. You ha\'e made a rich issue of it."

H. H. Brown, Light Street, Pa., writes thus:
" I received the Illustrated Home .lourual for
April a few days a^ro. It is a magazine that
should be found in the homes of all who desire
a paper that gives instruction, and its articles
are of such a nattire that the.v cannot help but
please all who read its pages."

F. A. Snell, of Milledgeville, Ills., writes ;.
"The Illustrated Ho.me Journal is received
and read. It is ^■cry nicely gotten up, and we
are well pleased with its contents."

Dr. A. B. Mason, Auburndale, C. writes thus:

"The lLLUSTH.\TED HO.ME JOURNAL IS nice.

The paper, typography, illustrations and mat-
ter are first-class in everj- respect. It will be
a welcome visitor at our house. Mrs. M, and
the babv have had a good time with it already.
The first article, "One Hundred Years a Na-
tion,' is very good indeed, being like that on
page 10, on ■Four More States,' full of
boiled-down iufui-matiou."

■J. jr. Young, of Plattsmouth, Nebr., writes :
"The iLLU.sTRATiin Home Journal is well-
(jrinted. and liandsi>mo. Its illustrations are
very fine, ii.nd it* contents ;'re worth many
times its co^i. As a Magazine for the Ladies,
it tJlUcs the !•'!;>!."

Charles Dadant & Son, of Hamilton, Ills.,
write thus: "The Illustrated Home Jour-
nal is indeed very nice, and after having seen
it, we want it regularly. We compliment you
on its appearance."

N. W. McLain, Director of the Minnesota
State Agricultural Experiment Station, St.
Anthony Park, Minn., writes: "I like your
magaziiie, the Illustrated Home Journal.
and I hope you will find it very profitable."

S. W. Morrison, M. D.. of O.xford, Pa., writes:
" Your beautiful Home Journal is received.
I take great pleasure in welcoming such a
clean, healthy and instructive journal (as it is)
into my home."

'TMES JEMSRIC^NC BSS JdtJRIflCIL-.

771

, ' PUBLISHKD HY^ •^f!-

THOS. G. NEWMAN f-' SON,

XIIOIVIAS «. HiE^VlUA]^,

EDITOR.

Vol. mi, Not. 22, 1890. No. 41

No rustling leaves upon the trees,
No zephyrs, and no pleasant breeze.
No birds, no flowers, no honey-bees —
November.

Use AVhite Clover Honey

instead of sugar, when you put up fruit,
make apple-butter, preserves, etc., and you
will find that it is superior to granulated
sugar for that purpose.

Mlictiigan is not to be outdone for a
honey crop in the past poor season. The
.Saginnwian stands sponsor for this item :
"John Schneider, a farmer living in Iosco
county, got 13,000 pounds of honey this
year from 300 colonies of bees. He Sold
5,000 pounds in one shipment t« Ohio, and
received 12 cents per pound for it, and
freight paid."

Hon. R. I*. Taylor, the retiring
President of the North American Bee-
Keeper.s' Association, has just been re-
elected to the Senate of the State of
Michigan. His great popularity secured
for him that position, even when every
other Republican candidate for Senator in
that State was defeated. We roomed with
him at the hotel in Keokuk, and iuciden
tally inquired how, being a candidate, he
could leave home on the eve of the election.
He replied that the matter gave him no
uneasiness whatever.

As a presiding officer he was dignified
and courteous, and kept excellent order.

The pursuit is to be congratulated upon
having such a practical apiarist and able
representative in the Michigan Senate. No
unfavorable legislation is to be feared in
that State, while he is there to guard the
•interests of apiculture.

Imitation Honey-Comb.— Mr. S.

J. Youngman, of Lakeview, Mich., has
sent us an item from the Detroit Free Press
of Sept. 20, 1890, which stated that "an
ingenious individual on Urand River
avenue (Detroit) is engaged in making so
perfect an imitation of honey-comb that
the bees themselves are deceived by it, and
eat it in winter."

The Free Press, of course, refers to E. B.
Weed, who has been for years trying to
make, of pure beeswax, full-depth cells of
honey-comb, to be used in place of comb-
foundation by bee-keepers, and we are
glad to notice that Mr. Weed has com-
menced a libel-suit against the Free Press
for«10,000.

These scribblers for the daily papers
make consummate nonsense of things when
they undertake to write on subjects con-
nected with apiculture ! The idea of bees
eating comb in winter ! !

Mr. Weed's invention is simply a sort of
comb-foundation with deep cells, but on
account of the extreme delicateness of the
comb, and the care necessary to protect it
in transportation, we fear it will never be
of any practical value to apiarists — but
time will tell.

Of oce thing, however, we may be
assured — it will confuse the public, and
give some slight confirmation to the silly
stories about " the manufacture of comb-
honey," which have been going the rounds
of the press. While it is of no practical
use to bee-keepers, its announcement is a
positive damage to the fraternity 1

1664 will be the number of pages in the

American Bee Journai, next year— just
double the number that it now contains —
and all for one dollar, Bro. Hutchinson,
of the Review, remarks as follows about it,
in a recent number :

We are pleased to note that with the
beginning of the new year the Americas
Bee Jour.v.il is to be changed to a two-
column, thirty-two page paper ; the same
size that it was when a monthly. We think
this the most desirable size for a magazine.

In this connection we might mention
that the price of the Illustrated Home
Journal has been reduced to only fifty
cents. It is clubbed with the American
Bee Journal for only $1.35. This lower-
ing of the price is done to secure an im-
mense circulation which will command a
a large advertising patronage.

Kanny Field's Poultry |Book is
given for one new subscriber to the Home
Journal, for a year, when accompanied
with 60 cents to pay the subscription price
of the same. By an oversight the;| printer
put that notice on page 750 of the Bee
Journal, omitting the word "Home"
before Journal, looking as though it
referred to the Bee Journal. The error is
manifest.

We give it for a new yearly subscriber
for the Bee Journal, when accompanied
with -51,00. The book alone costs 25 cents.

Next Year's Honey Crop.—

According to the views of Prof. Cook, as
expressed in his essay, read at the Keokuk
Convention (see page 777), the prospect
for a good honey crop in 1891 is excellent.
A correspondent in the Homestead quite
agrees with Prof. Cook, and gives the fol-
lowing points as "favorable indications"
for prosperity for bee-keepers next year.
He says :

The excessive June rains this season gave
the weeds the start in that month that were
left in abundance in the corn-fields, es-
pecially plenty of heart's-ease, and that,
together with buckwheat, forms the best
Fall bee-pasturage.

The long drouth following the June rains
injured the linden honey-flow, and stopped
the breeding of bees, and caused them to
dwindle in numbers, until, when Fall
arrived, with a few cool, early nights, and
some Fall rains, that put the buckwheat
and heart's-ease at their best; bees then,
with an instinctive energy only known to
them, filled their hives with brood and
honey so quickly that their work seemed
like magic. Young bees, full of vigor, win-
ter best. The old bees, in the sudden at-
tempt to make the best of a bad season for
the bee-business, wore out their wings and
fell by the wayside. As a result, the hives
are full of young bees.

Since farming is developing more in the
line of grass, especially clovers, there will
be an increase of pasturage, and since bees
have been so thoroughly Italianized, the
widespread sowing of clovers will extend
pasturage from linden to Fall wild-flower
season.

All these facts point to a successful honey
year in 1891. So do not neglect your bees.
Take care of them now, and have some-
thing more than empty hives in the Spring.

" Canadians are not Americans,"
said Mr. Clarke at the Keokuk Convention.
What are they then ? Those whose home
is located anywhere on this whole Conti-
nent, are Americans — that, surely, includes
Canada ! How silly it would be to claim
that Englishmen were not Europeans ! or
that Egyptians were not Africans 1 It is
equally absurd to claim that Canadians are
not Americans ! We want Bro. Clarke to
give up that " foolish notion."

Of course it is very flattering to those
who live in the United States — to even
intimate that they are the only Americans !
But as it is not true, they will cheerfully
divide the honor with the inhabitants of
other parts of this great Continent !

In the language of Gerald Massey, each

on this side of the line, will reply to Bro.

Clarke's couplet, in the same words —

"Give me vour hand— you shall, you must—
1 love you as a brother !"

for we are of the same stock ; we speak the
same language, we live on the same Conti-
nent, and heartily congratulate one
another upon the proud distinction of being
rightly caUed— AMERICANS !

Xliose ^Vlio Have any honey to
dispose of should use the Honey Almanac
as a salesman. We have a few left for this
year, and offer them at half price. See
page 783 of this paper.

772

TM® MMEKICSK WmW J@^KHMIL.

THANKSGIVING.

BY EITGENK SECOR.

The threshing is over, the husking is done,

The miiskrat has wisely prepared him a nest,
The squirrel his acorns has stored one by one.

The wood-chuck has gone to his long winter's rest;
The winds of November, unfriendly and cold.

Have blown the dead leaves of the last dyine year
Into eddies and heaps, where damp and the mold

Invite to decay— yes, winter is near.

The ruddy-cheeked orchard fruits.kissed by the sun.

In thf days when hia smiles with warmth were
aglow
Are gathered, and waiting the frolic and fun

When maiden and lover shall pare them 1 trow.
The full-fruited year with a generous hand

Has emptied his treasures at many a door,
While health and good government throughout the
land

Are causes for thanksgiving and praise evermore.

Then gather the children and friends round the
board,

The feast of Thanksgiving should be one of cheer,
The very best viands the farm can afford

Should lend us their presence at least once a year.
Yes, roast the fat turkey and sirloin of beef.

And season with currant and cranberry jell.
Pile high the baked beans, it is common belief

That joy and good appetite seldom rebel.

And then there's the pudding with raisins and
cream,

What joy to the heart of the youngster it brings I
His highest ambition on earth, it would seem.

Is reached when at grandma s he feasts on such
things.
The coffee, too, fit for a king or a queen,

f And such we Al-L are by a God-given right,)
And doughnuts that carry ua back to the green

Happy days of our childhood, in memory bright.

But better than all the good things on the spread,

And better than plenty in basket and store.
Is the feast of afTet-tion— that heavenly bread.

We'd better go hungry than this to ignore.
Then may we each have at our Thanksgiving feast.

The love that binds kindred and frienashere below
And remember that thankfulness may be increased

If first toGod's poor onea, some kindness we show
Fore«t City, Iowa. —Iowa Homestead.

iiM

The Convention at Keokuk.

Mrs. L. Harrison, in the Orange Judd
Fanner, has this to say about it :

The meeting was very enthusiastic and
interesting, the Western States being well
represented, and delegates being present
from the Dominion of Canada.

More samples of honey were on exhibi-
tion, from well authenticated sources, than
I ever saw oolk-cted together before.
SpanisL-needles gro'.v in great profusion
in the rich, moist bottom lands, of Western
rivers, and the honey shown was of good
body, of rich golden color, and of good
flavor.

Button-ball honey is darker than Spanish-
needle, of good body and flavor; as this
brush grows in the water, drouth does not
aflfect the flow of honey from this source.
As the waters fall in the rivers, it puts
forth new buds and blossoms. It usually
blooms about July 4, but is sometimes kept
back by high water, and the bloom lasts
from two to six weeks ; ordinarily four
weeks. The blooming of these plants,
during the usual summer drouths, is a
good point in favor of migratory bee-
keeping.

It was gratifying that so many bu.sv,
active, practical women of the West, who

are bee-keepers, were present. They took
an interest in all the hives and bee-keeping
fixtures on exhibition, and as usual jumped
to conclusions without knowing why.

Dr. C. C. Miller, of Marengo, lUinoi.s, who
is a musician and composer, as well as a
practical bee-keeper, did much to enliven
and relieve the monotony of the convention
by his lively and humorous songs.

Eugene Secor, of Iowa, the bard of bee-
keepers, is the author of several songs,
designed especially to be sung at the re-
unions of this Society, and set to music by
Dr. Miller, and they had the thanks of the
Convention for their efforts.

This is what the Iowa Homestead says
about the Convention :

The sessions were enlivened by vocal and
instrumental music. Most of the songs
sung were composed by its members, set
to music by a member, accompanied on the
piano by a member, and sung by members.

Besides the music, there were several
humorous rescitations by bee-keepers.
These were the spice of the meetings. Dr.
C. C. Miller was one to whom we owed
especial obligations for many pleasurable
surprises.

Although reports from nearly all pres-
ent were to the effect that the past season
had been one of discouragement, if not
entire failure, it was evident from the
spirit of the Convention that bee-keepers
are of a happy disposition, and able to
gather many sweets from the bitter experi-
ences of life.

The city papers characterized the Con-
vention as being one of the best-natured
and most intelligent lot of men who had
visited the city for many a day.

Three sessions were held each day —
morning-, afternoon and evening. Many
interesting papers were read, and much
interesting discussion followed.

Fifty dollars was voted to Father Lang-
stroth, who is in declining health. He is
recognized as the "father of improved
bee-keeping" in the United States.

The Convention adjourned at noon, the
last day, to accept an invitation from the
Messrs. Dadant, who live near Hamilton,
Ills., to ride out to their apiary and comb-
foundation factory. Teams were provided
free for about fifty members, who availed
themselves of the generous offer.

The Dadants are French, and they enter-
tained the Society with genuine 'French
hospitality. They are the largest manu-
facturers of comb-foundation in the world,
and their product is not excelled in the
world.

Albany, N. Y., was selected as the place
of the next meeting, and Mr. P. H. Elwood,
of New York, was elected President ;
Eugene Secor, of Iowa, Vice-President ; C.
P. Dadant, of Illinois, Secretary ; and
Ernest R. Root, of Ohio, Treasurer.

The Pamphlet Report of the meeting will
be issued next week. It will be sent free
to all members, and others can obtain it
for 25 cents at this office.

Xlie "Farm-Poultry"' is a 20 page
monthly, published in Boston at 50 cents
per year. It is issued with a colored cover
and is finely illustrated throughout.

We have arranged to club the Ameuu'.in
Beic Journal with the Farni-Poultnj at
■S1.35 per year for the two. Or with the
iLi.i-sTR.iTED Home Journal at $1.75 for
the three.

^^ MEFLIES,

A Swarm Retiiriiiug to tlie OI(t
Hive.

Written for theAincrican Bee Journal

Query 739. — What is the cause of a
swarm returning to the parent hive when
it has a queen * A swarm issued on June
10, I caught the queen and put her into the
new hive, and they all came out and went
into the parent hive again. What caused
it '—Mrs. B.

I do not know. — Eugene Secor.
I simply do not know. — J. M. Hambaugh.
I do not know. — P L. Viallon.
Dissatisfaction with their new quarters.
—J. P. H. Brown.

I cannot say what the cause was. — H. D.
Cutting.

That is hard to tell. Bees will act queerly
sometimes.— C. H. Dibbern.

No one can tell without knowing all the-
facts. Are you sure that some accident
did not befall the queen ; — M. Mahix.

Dissatisfaction with their quarters in
some way. Ten to one, it was too hot in
the new hive. Always see that a swarm is-
well shaded.— C. C. Miller.

They were not suited with the new hive,
and they went back to get a new start for
the woods.— R. L. Taylor.

I do not knovr. I surmise the queen, in
trying her wings, found them unequal to the
task of migrating. — A. J. Cook.

"Give us something easier." I cannot
tell unless I know something of the circum-
stances, surroundings, hive, weather,
honey-flow, etc. — Mrs. L. Harrison.

A few bees balled the queen for some
reason, and the rest of the bees thinking
the}' had lost her, returned. This is quite a
common occurrence. — G. M. Doolittle.

That is hard to tell. A half dozen theories
might be presented, and any and all of
which might be correct under some circum-
stances. It is not an infrequent occur-
rence.— James Hediion.

If a swarm has been regularly hived, it is
rare for them to come out and enter the
parent hive again. They generally skip
for the woods, leaving the beekeeper per-
plexed as to the cause. — G. L. Tinker.

I cannot give an answer to the question,
as put. Bees are "funny critters" any
way ; and to give a reason why they do, or
do not do, a certain thing, requires a far
greater history than is given in the ques-
tion.—J. E. Pond.

A practical bee man calls tliat sort of
thing a "freak in bees." You do not say
how long they stayed in their new quar-
ters, and what became of the queen that
you put with them. Knowing the particu-
lars of these things is very necessary in
order for the expert to make an intelligent
and reliable answer. I might guess that
the queen was sick or old at the time of
swarming, and died before the bees had
marked their location, or they indulged in
a " freak." as bees evidently sometimes do.
— G. W. Demakee.

IVew Subscribers can have the Bee

Journal and the Illustrated Home Jour-
nal from now until the end of 1891 for
$1.35. This is a rare opportunity for club-
bing two valuable periodicals for a slight
advance upon the price of one, and getting
the rest of this year free.

nrmm mmekicjeim mmm jO'inmnmiu.

773

INTERNATIONAL.

{Report or I lie Business, Spccelies
hikI Diseusiiiioiis.

Written Jor the American Bcc Journal

BY C. P. DADANT.

MORNING SESSION— Continued.

Dr. Mason offered the following re-
port from the committee on

THE world's COLOMBIAN FAIR.

Resolved, That in view of the splen-
did opportunitj' to be offered us as
bee-keepers at the coming World's
■Columbian Exposition, at Chicago, in
1893, to make the grandest exhibit of
the products of the apiary ever made,
we snggest that this Association ap-
point a committee of three to confer
with the management of the Columbian
Fair in regard to the making of suit-
able arrangements for such an exhibi-
tion.

We also suggest that this Associa-
tion recommend some one to the
World's Columbian Fair managers, and
request his appointment by them as
Superintendent of the Apiarian Depart-
ment.

Dr. A. B. Mason, of Auburndale, O..
Thomas G. Newman, of Chicago, and
R. McKnight, of Ontario, were appoint-
•ed a committee to perfect the necessary
arrangements. Dr. A. B. Mason was
recommended by the Society as a suit-
able Superintendent of the Apiarian
Exhibit for the United States, at the
World's Columbian Fair, and R. Mc-
Knight was suggested as the Superin-
tendent of the Canadian exhibit.

MUSIC.

Dr. C C. Miller sang a " Sneezing
Song" that convulsed the delegates,
and carried them back in memory to
the trying days of their early loves.

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION .

Thomas G. Newman submitted an
amendment to the Constitution of the
Association, providing that the mem-
bership fee of all affiliated Societies,
paid in advance shall be for the calen-
dar year. The amendment was
adopted. A resolution was passed
providing that affiliation fees hereto-
fore paid shall be considered as paying
up to Jan. 1, 1892.

W. F. Clarke, of Gnelph. Ontario,
proposed an amendment changing the
name of the Association. The present
one, he said, was a misnomer. The
■Canadians were North Americans, but
they were not Americans, and this was
not an Association of "bees," but of
" bee-keepers." He moved that the
original name of the Association, tlie

"North American Bee-Keepers' Associ-
ation," be resumed. This amendujent
to the Constitution was adopted without
dissent.

The committee on Organization and
Incorporation was then requested to
report in the evening.

AFTERNOON SESSION.

The President called the Convention
to order, and stated that the discussion
on the foul-brood question would be
next in order.

FOUL BROOD.

L. W. Baldwin stated that he had
bought a carloail of honey to feed his
bees, in one season (about 1,000 colo-
nies), and about the time they gen-
erally clipped queens' wings, he found
about 800 of them had foul-brood. He
cured them by shaking the bees out of
the hive upon sheets of foundation.

R. L. Taylor said that he would not
give any combs already built to a col-
on}- that had just had foul-brood.

Wm. Lyon had considerable experi-
ence, as all the apiaries in his vicinity
have had foul-brood, and he had also
found it among his own bees. He had
tried all the drugs, recommended in
the papers, without success, and finally
shook a colony into a new hive on
comb-foundation, and was surprised
to find them all right after that. He
soon found the neighboring hives af-
fected, however, and thought it was
by bees going into the wrong hives,
owing to their close proximity. He
had tinallj' succeeded in eradicating it.
He had seen a case of foul-brood which
he thought was caused by chilled
brood, and nothing else,

C. P. Dadant— Could not that -foul-
brood " have been caused, previous to
the chilling of the brood, by the infec-
tion in the neighborhood ?

Wm. Lyon — No ; there was none in
the neighborhood at that time. That
colony was destroyed as soon as it was
found. I burned up the frames, after
rendering the wax, soaked the hive in
coal-oil, and left it out for several
months, exposed to the weather. I
had scalded it, besides, before using it
again.

L. C. Axtell — Some 16 years ago.
when we had but a few bees, and
many had died in the country, from
the cold of winter, I bought a large
number of combs from bee-men who
had lost their bees, and then trans-
ferred them into my hives. There
were many dead bees in the combs,
and some of the combs were very
dirty. Soon after beginning to use
them, I found what I thought was foul
bi'ood, in some combs ; all the brood
died. This disappeai'ed in warm
weather. Was this foul brood ?

Several answered, "No."

S. A. Shuck — This was neither more
nor less than chilled brood, and I
think that it must have been the same
with the case mentioned by Mr. Lyon.

Wm. Lyon — I have read many de-
scriptions of foul-bi"ood given by the
best authorities. If this was not
genuine foul-brood, I never saw foul-
brood at all.

A. N. Drai>er asked what Mr. Bald-
win did with his hives.

L. W. Baldwin — I boiled them, or
scalded them. In all my experience.
I never saw foul-brood originate from
chilled brood.

A. I. Root — Corn will not grow
where there is no corn planted, and
foul brood will no more grow, if not
sowed, than corn would. Chilled
brood is often found where foul-brood
has never been.

L. W. Baldwin — In melting the
honey, it should be heated very hot.
I did not see the necessity of boiling
hives, and thought cleaning them
would do.

• E. R.' Root said that he had the
same idea, and had tried it on 40 colo-
nies, but soon saw that it would do no
good to use the hives if not boiled out,
as every one of those hives contained
the disease again in six months. He
said that chilled brood looked very
much like foul-brood, though it did
not have so strong a smell, and was
not quite so "ropy." If you find foul-
brood in the Fall, burn it up ; but if it
is discovered in the Spring, wait a
while, as you may be destroying colo-
nies needlessly, which only have
chilled brood.

L, W. Baldwin had let a lot of hives
stand over winter, and thought it was
the cold of winter which destroyed the
germs.

Wm. Lyon did not think scalding
the hives alone, would do any good,
unless they were previously scraped,
so as to remove all wax and propolis
lumps.

Dr. Mason had lost five or six hun-
dred dollars with foul-brood. He used
a large kettle to boil the frames in.
and dipped the liives in the boiling
water. He left them in only a minute
or two ; but it was sufficient.

W. F. Clarke— All this shows the
importance of having a thoroughly-
qualitied Inspector; one who is well
posted on the subject.

Dr. Oren had never seen foul-brood,
but was of the opinion that, like all
mushroom growths, it would originate
wherever the pi-oper conditions were
found.

Dr. Miller again sung a piece from
his inexhaustible store, and was much
cheered and encored.

Mr. Eugene Secor then read his
essay as follows :

774

T-H® MMMKicMfi ®®® j&wmnms^.

Fvill Sheets of Comb Foundation vs.

Starters in the Brood-Chamber,

and Surplus Receptacles.

" One swallow does not make a sum-
mer." One experiment does not estab-
lish a theory— always. One season's
experience is not always a safe guide for
next season's operations. There are so
many exceptions to the general rules of
bee-keeping — exceptions made important
by change of seasons, and manner of
handling, that it is not safe to advise,
unless one knows a good deal more than
I do.

For several years I used full sheets in
the brood-chamber for every swarm.
Advantage: All worker-combs, and,
perhaps— I am not sure- a little time was
saved in filling the hive with combs.
Disadvantage : Increased cost of every
colony, consequent upon the high price
of foundation. Honey too low to make
it profitable.

Then a revelation came, and a revolu-
tion— backward, however. "Let the
bees build their own combs," thought I.
They could do it more cheaply than the
mills could grind it out.

The question, whether bees, about
swarming time, do not almost involun-
tarily secrete wax, is an interesting one,
which has not been settled beyond cavil,
and which may be interesting to discuss.
If they do, it is argued that they will
build almost, if not quite as much comb
with-out the "back-bone" starter as
with it. It is probably lighter, anyhow
—that is, contains less wax than the
manufactured article— one is comb, the
other is wax.

Last summer I met a practical object-
ion to starters, however, which I had not
met before. Nectar was so scarce that
the bees built scarcely any comb up to
the opening of basswood. That came
in such sudden abundance, that some
of my best colonies built almost entirely
drone-comb below, in order, probably, to
quickly store the product.

But if I had foreseen this result, and
had provid<'d them with full sheets, I am
not sure whether tliey would not have
gnawed it full of holes, while they were
idle, and built drone-cells in the holes
when the honey flow did come.

With the present high price of comli-
foundation, and the low price of bees,
I am somewhat doubtful of the advisa-
bility of using more than a starter in the
brood-chamber. And, perhaps, if we
could always have young queens, the
amount of drone-comb would be so
limited as to cause no serious trouble.
But when it comes to working for comb-
honey in sections, I am in favor of using
the tiiinnest foundation made, and using
very nearly full sheets.

I have used starters of various sizes,
and like the full sheets best. The prin-
cipal thing in their favor is, that the
bees attach the combs to the sides and
bottom, so much better, making the filled
section look nicer, and better fitted for
transportation. Perhaps the same thing
can be attained by attaching a narrow
strip in both top and bottom; but
whether the saving in foundation would
compensate for the increased labor, is a

question for every one to settle for
himself.

I think the objection sometimes urged
against the use of full sheets in sections,
on the ground that it will show in the
honey, is not tenable — if the proper
foundation is used. None but the thin-
nest should ever be used for this purpose.
In that case, I doubt if any one can
detect its presence.

For extracting-supers, I like full
sheets. Then no drone-comb can be
built ; and if we wish to exchange a
comb of honey to the brood-chamber, we
are sure no worthless drones will be
reared where we do not want them. It
may be that it will pay to go a step
further, and wire the frames — but of this
I am not confident.

Eugene Secor.

A Member — What would Dr. Miller
advise on the subject of wiring frames?
Dr.MlUer—-' I don't know." (Laugh-
ter.) If we wire our frames, we can
have the foundation in the middle of
the frame much more easily. Besides,
when combs melt down by extreme
heat, wiring may help.

A. I. Root wanted to hear from
others whether it paid, at the present
prices of foundation, to use it in full
sheets. Mr. Doolittle says he can get
straight, all-worker combs, without
using comb-foundation.

R. L. Taylor— Mr. Doolittle uses an
empty frame between two full frames
to secure straight combs.

Mrs. Z. Hollingsworth— After you
have good combs built on foundation,
they last forever, and the wax is still
there. It represents quite a good part
of the cost of the foundation. It is
not lost.

15. Taylor said that he had colonies
with 98 per cent, of worker-comb, all
built naturally, where the queens were
young, of the previous season's hatch-
ing. He used starters, three cells deep,
and did not wire his combs.

S. A. Shuck had contradictory ex-
perience, in a very good honey-flow,
with queens one year old. The bees
built too much drone-comb.

On motion of Mr. Draper, an infor-
mal vote was taken, to know how
many used wires in frames with foun-
dation. The result showed 28 yes, 25
no, and 9 who used them and thought
them unnecessary,

W. F. Clarke objected to taking such
votes, as the Convention was hardly
expected to represent the views of the
bee-keepers of the whole country.

Wm. Lyon — Large frames need
wiring — small frames do not.

Dr. Miller— Even if this meeting
does not represent the whole country,
it will be both pleasure and profit to
learu the views of the members who
are present.

J. W. Bittenbender— Combs ought
to be wirei', where it is expected to

move the bees or ship them — but not
otherwise.

B. Taylor — Wires strengthen the
frames that are made of rather light
wood. I would always wire such.

A. I. Root called the attention of the-
meeting to the original question now
under discussion, which is, whether or-
not, we should use foundation in full-.
sheets. Heavy brood foundation is
expensive, but it can be used without
wires, while light foundation should be-
wired by all means.

L. W. Baldwin had practiced trans-
porting bees for years, and never
wired the frames. He could handle
hives without wires, and did not use
foundation in full sheets. His brother
did.

Dr. Mason used foundation put on
wires in the Given press, and thought
it a comfort to have combs -with wires
in them.

J. M. Hambaugh thought it a com-
fort to have all the frames wired, as
the}' would not bre.ak down, where the
other frames would, especially in hot
weather. He was strongly in favor of
wiring frames.

R. McKnight never used wires, and
never had combs break down. He-
shipped bees, on one occasion, 300-
miles, and had no loss. He thought it
would be a decided advantage to those
who practiced shipping, to have all
their frames wired.

To the question how many use full
sheets in brood-frames ? 30 responded
yes, and 20 used only starters.

Mr. Bittenbender said he used full
sheets of foundation for hives intended
to be transported, and only starters for
others.

B. Taylor had experimented, on all
this, but did not know yet what he-
wanted.

L. C. Axtell uses special colonies to
build combs, by selecting those with,
young queens, when they were strong
in numbers, and secured straight
combs by tilting the hive forward, to-
an angle of 45°. After the hive wa*
full, he would take out the combs and
give them empty frames, to build
ao'ain. He succeeded better, in that
way than any other, in securing worker
combs. He used the V-shaped top-
bar, without any starters.

J.W. Bittenbender — Mr. Root asks-
whether it would pay to use foundation
at high prices. In certain circum-
stances, I would rather pay $1.00 per
pound than to do without it.

To the question of how many used
full sheets of foundation in sections, 15-
responded yes, 24 used only starters,
and 11 had used full sheets, but had
abandoned the practice.

After a short recess,
read his essay on

Mr. E. R. Root

TMm AMEE-RICJSirf MMM JC^lO'ItlCSlL.

775

Fixed Versus Hang-ing--Frames.

About tlio time that Mr. Heddoirs
divisible brood-chamber was made pub-
lic, and its merits and demerits were
discussed through the papers, we ordered
of the inventor one of his hives. Bees
were gotten into it as soon as possible ;
and almost every time I Iiad occasion to
go into the apiary I would manipulate
that hive, try the "shake-out function,"
handle the separate frames, etc. While
I was not particularly strucli with the
advantages of the divisible brood-nest,
or the sliake-out function, I was greatly
surprised at the rapidity and ease with
which these little closed end-frames
could be handled.

I liave, through Oleanings, related
some of my experiences in raising bees.
Whenever it came time to move an
apiary I always dreaded it. Frames had
to be fi.Kcd up so that they could not be
shaken about, or else, without fixing,
such careful driving had to be resorted
to, that it usually took three or four
hours to make the trip back, when it
ought not to have taken over two hours.
And then there was all tlie time spent
in fixing the frames. Indeed, our Presi-
dent, Hon. R. L. Taylor, in convention
at Columbus, Ohio, before this associa-
tion, said something to this effect: "I
do not see liow any sane man ( speaking
of the hanging-frame hive), can tolerate
such a rattle-box." The remark struck
me at the time as being somewhat
caustic ; but the more I thought of it,
the more I became impressed witli the
truth of the comparison. A hanging-
frame hive is, to a certain extent, a
rattle-box.

Another thing : I had trouble in get-
ting the boys in our yards to space the
frames properly. Beginners would inva-
riably space them too near together, or
too far apart. The result would be,
combs bulged, and others thinned down
or scooped out, as it were, on one side ;
and, worse than all, was the nuisance of
interchanging them. Then, too, in buy-
ing up bees, a great many colonies had
to be rejected because the farmer bee-
keepers would not take the trouble to
space their combs rightly. You may
give them printed instructions, written
books, and when you visit them, tell
them how far to space, and yet, as a
general thing, they will make poor work
of it.

When I contrasted the smooth and
even appearance of the little Heddon
combs, and the often irregular ones of
the average hanging-frames, and the
inconvenience of the latter in moving, I
hardly rested easy. I was well aware that
a great majority of the bee-keepers — at
least of the West — were using and advo-
cating the hanging style ; and it seemed
to me that I should be wasting time in
experimenting, or even investigating
into the subject. I knew that Elwood,
Hetherington, and those other mammoth
bee-keepers, used closed-end frames,
similar to the Heddon ; that Elwood
said he could handle the Quinby as rap-
idly as any one could the suspended
Langstroth. Although I had great
respect for anything coming from the
pen of Mr. Elwood, the statement

seemed to me utterly preposterous ; and
yet, when I came to handle the Heddon
frames out in the yard, it did not seem
so impossible after all.

I reasoned in this way : If what Mr.
Elwood says is true — yes, and I might
say almost all others who have used
closed-end frames — is it not possible that
those who are using frames not fixed are
losing many advantages that might
accrue immensely to their benefit by the
use of fixed frames ? The hanging style
without fastening will not bear moving,
except with careful driving, good roads,
and steady horses. There are a few who
have all these conditions under perfect
control. What we want, then, is frames
at fixed distances that will give us true
combs — no burr-combs — and, perhaps,
most important of all, ease of manipu-
lation.

Without any disposition to repeat
what I have already said through the
journals, I will simply state, in order to
bring the matter more clearly before the
reader, that I personally saw Mr. Elwood,
Mr. TuuicliflF, Mr. Hoffman, and several
other bee-keepers using fixed frames,
handle them just as rapidly, and perhaps
more so, than you or I can the old style
suspended ; and along with that they
have all the other advantages that come
with their use.

I believe that the bee-keepers of the
West have generally thought that
Elwood and Hetherington, and all their
colleagues, using fixed distances, were
either greatly behind the times, or else so
conservative that they would not change
their frame even if facts and figures
were against them.

But right here just take note of this :
These men witli their fixed distances
somehow manage to handle large apia-
ries with less help than ourselves. If
they had a cumbersome, awlcward
system, they could hardly do this. On
the other hand, as their method of rais-
ing honey differs only in the fact that
they use fixed distances, while we do
not, does not tlmt fact point pretty
strongly that in this lies the secret ?
Elwood manages over 1000 colonies
with only two assistants, in the height
of the honey season. Mr. Hoffman man-
ages 600 colonies almost alone, though
I believe he has some one to help him in
the height of the season. I may be
mistaken, but I do not believe tliey could
do this were they using the hanging
frames.

Were I to attempt to show just liow to
economize in labor, I would fail ; but
with the reader's indulgence, perhaps I
can give an inkling. Mr. Elwood and
other gentlemen have propolis like all
the rest of us, and the bees stick it to the
uprights or closed ends, as one may call
it, coming in contact together. But to
reduce this to the lowest possible
amount, some, like Mr. Heddon, use
some form of compression. Mr. Elwood
uses the looped cord drawn up in sucli a
way as to squeeze the frames tightly
together. Others use a sort of wedge in
connection with a follower. To separate
the frames they use a small screw-driver,
or one of A. I. Root's small ten-cent
knives ; and the way they handle those
implements is a marvel. Scarcely before

you are awan; of it, they have the frames
all lose and possibly out of the brood-
nest, and b(!fore you can recover from
your surprise they will probably show
you the queen.

Well, how do they do it ? Mr. Elwood
and Mr. Hoffman both did it, when cir-
cumstances called for it, picking out four
or live frames at a time — that Is, at one
operation — setting them by the side of
the hive, and they might then return
them severally or collectively at one
operation. The great point where they
seemed to gain over us is, that they will
handle their frames collectively ;
whereas we are obliged, as a rule, to
handle them one by one. We, after
putting the frames in the hives, are
obliged, as a rule, to finger each one
separately ; and if we do not happen to
space them right, we are obliged to space
then again, to get in the last frame.
With fixed distances you can set them in
the hives promiscuously, push on the
outside one, and crowd them all up
together ; and of course there is plenty
of room to get the last frame in, and
finally the follower.

Mr. Elwood uses no brood-nest proper.
He has two panels, each covering the
two outside frames. He simply removes
one of the panels, and then pulls the
frames which he does not wisli to exam-
ine, toward himself, and then very
quickly lifts out the frame he wants,
with a space of two or three inches in
which to pull it out.

Perhaps some one will say, "Oh, well,
if we were in New York state we would
show them that we could get along with
hanging frames." In reply to this I
would say that, were you to draw a load
of bees on hanging frames over the New
York state hills, and over rough and
stony roads, a few miles, it would be a
miracle if you had anything else on
arriving at your destination than a mass
of mangled and dead bees, and the
combs all pushed up close against each
other. Remember, that locality, in the
matter of frames, does make a big
difference as to the Icind used.

The question then arises, whether
bee-keepers in prairie sections of the
country would gain anything by adopting
fixed frames. I think they would. The
recent discussion of the matter of burr-
combs shows that exact spacing is an
important factor ; and I know from
hundreds of combs that I saw in apiaries
wliere fixed frames were used, that truer
and better combs are the result.

I am aware now that what I have said
argues pretty strongly for fixed frames.
But we must not lose sight of the fact
that what one bee-keeper — yes, what
hundreds of them like — we might, on
careful trial, repudiate ; and, taking
things, all in all, it would be a very fool-
ish thing to advise that all bee-keepers
at once abandon the old suspended
frame, without its fixed distance, and
adopt fixed frames. The probabilities
are, that there will always be used as
many of the one as of the otlier. Per-
sonal tests by bee-keepers will decide the
matter. Many bee-keepers are of many
minds. Many Christians are of different
beliefs as to technical points. We can-
not, very well, at least for the present.

776

TMB' ffiRIBMIC-ftI« MMM J@^KKMlLr.

>^»^^^»^»^^-— ■^■^■> — -—■■>— ^ — ^^-^■^^^^'—■■'■^■^■^^■~^-^~^^^^^»j>*^'JL%^^*^******^*^***^**'**'*^*****^*'

have them all in one churuh ; neither
can we, if we would, indvice all bee-
keepers to use one style of frame. But
it is wise for us. t think, to consider tlie
matter, experiment on a small scale, and
then draw our own conclusions after-
ward. Ernest E. Root.

To the question of how man}- used
fixed frames, 16 responded ; 4 had
tried and abandoned them, and 35
used the regular hanging Langstroth
frame, without spacing contrivances of
any kind.

B. Taylor showed a hive with nails
in the upper ends of the frames acting
as shoulders, which rested on a metal
rabbet, notched to receive the frames,
at proper distances.

J. Blanchard said that he used a
closed-end frame, with a double bot-
tom-bar ; the lower bar serving as a
bottom to the hive, when put together.
The frames, with two followers on
each end, formed the hive, and thej-
were fastened together by loops on the
ends of the frames, and a bar running
through the loops. This hive could be
enlarged ad infinitum ; he used it,
usually, with 10 frames. The entrance
was on the end, in one of the followers.
He had used this hive 16 years. He
had about 60 colonies, and harvested
an average of from 50 to 60 pounds
of lioney per hive.

SPRING DWINDLING.

The question, •■ Is Spring-dwindling
greater, wlien bees are wintered in-
side than out-of-doors," was answered
by A. I, Root, who said that when the
bees were wintered out-of-doors and
liad a chance to fly every month, the}"
came out stronger, and were better
able to go through April.

E. R, Root thought that the loss
from Spring-dwindling was greater
when wintering in-doors, as the bees
in the cellar were often suftering from
the temperature being too hot or too
cold — a matter over which the bee-
keeper liad but little control.

John Nau said that in severe win-
ters, the bees wintered better in-
doors— in mild winters out-of-doors.
He did not put his bees in the cellar,
unless the temperature got very low.
early in the winter.

R. McKnight had wintered both
ways for about ten years, and found
that they dwindled more when win-
tered in the cellar. He thought the
cause was, the lack of proper ventila-
tion to the cellar. He thought that
the weak-looking condition of the
bees wintered in the cellar was due to
their ill-health, owing to the lack of
pure air during the confinement. He
thought, however, that in hard win-
ters, cellar-wintering could be carried
on with less lo.ss than out-door win-
tering:.

QUESTION-BOX.

To the question, 'Can tirst-class
honey be produced in sections without
separators," several answered, "Yes,"

Question : • • What is the best method
of preventing bees from sticking the
upper stories of hives to the lower ones
with propolis ?"

R, McKnight answered : Have the
joints close and tight-fitting.

Question : "Will a cellar that is in-
fested with rats and mice do to winter
bees in ?"

Dr. Mason answered, No,

Question : " What shall wo do with
our swarms of bees, when not wanted?"

Dr. Mason — I return them, and have
no trouble.

J. Blanchard— I return them at
once, after cutting out the queen-cells.

R. L. Taylor — I would rather kill
the old queen wlien returning them,
and let them rear young queens,

C. P. Dadanl^Then they will be
sure to swarm again.

Question : "Is there any difference
in color and quality, between the
houej' extracted from light-colored
combs, and that extracted from dark
combs ?"

Dr, Oren — No ; certainly not, I have
combs 15 years old, and the honey
harvested from them is as nice as that
from new combs.

Question: •• Can bees expel apart
of the water contained in the honey,
while carrying it to the hive, from the
held ?"

Yes. by several.

Question: "How much advance
should we ask for comb-honey over
extracted-honey ?"

J, M. Hambaugh — Comb-honey
should be sold for at least twice as
much as extracted- hone}', and even
then it would not pay as well,

Dr, Palmer — Extracted-honey could
be furnished at half the price of comb-
honey in the first season, but as the
combs were preserved, it could be
furnished at one-third that price, after
that.

A young man just starting out for
himself wishes to hear of a tirst-class
location, in a good community, for
bee-keeping. He wants a place where
lie can lay the foundation of a home.

R. McKnight — I know of a very
good location, seven miles from the
place where I live, in Ontario.

J. M. Hambaugh — Come close to my
location on the Illinois river.

Dr, Oren — I have 150 colonies of
bees that I want some one to take care
of. I will furnish the hives and
fixtures.

R. B. Leahy — In Waverly, Mo.,
there is a good unoccupied field.

BEE-HOUSES.

Henry Stewart asked about the prac-
ticability of bee-houses, and the objec-
tions to them. He wanted to know
whether a bee-house 6 feet wide and 6
feet high, with sufficient length to ac-
commodate 100 hives, arranged in two
rows, on each side, with hives in alter-
nating positions, regularly placed, and
with a wire-cloth bee-escape in the
ceiling, would be satisfactory.

J. M. Hambaugh said that he had had
a house-apiary and had abandoned it.
for several reasons. The bees would
get mixed up, more or less, by being
dropped from the combs during the
manipulations, and the height of the
ceiling interfered with the tiering-up,
and manipulating them satisfactorily.
He wanted to be able to shake bees in
front of the hive, whenever necessary,
and could not well do it in a closed
house-apiary,

Wm, Lyon used a bee-shed with only
one row of hives, and a roof high
enough to work under ; he had doors
on the north, east and west, and
could give air from either point, when-
ever necessary. He had the south one
open at all times. The roof is so ar-
ranged that the sun shines on the
hives in winter, when the sun is low,
but not in the summer. He packs
them in what is called shingle-toe, a
coarse, stringy kind of sawdust from
the saw-mill, and he never lost bees in
wintering.

The complete description of this
gentleman's apiary showed that he had
everything in nice order, and arranged
as carefully and as neatly as it is pos-
sible to have it.

EVENING SESSION.

After the calling of the meeting to
order, the President called upon Mr.
Thomas G, Newman to read the essay
of Prof, A. J, Cook, on

The Requisites Necessary to Secure a
Honey Crop.

Mr, President, Ladies and Gentlemen
of the International American Bee-Asso-
ciation : Kindly permit me to preface
my remarks with a word of sincere regret
that I may not be with you on this
occasion, I do not need to bespeak for
yon a most excellent meeting, for I am
sure this will be a rare occasion and a
rich treat, to all who arc so fortunate as
to be present.

The meeting is for the first time in
the heart of the Great West, so famed
for its large-hearted generosity and un-
rivaled enterprise. That the broad manly
spirit of the West will be vividly illus-
trated at this meeting by the Western
bee-keepers, goes without saying. We
that are kept at home by stern necessity,
will still rejoice in your good time, and
eagerly await the Reports that shall give

TH© mimBmicmn mmm jQURNai,.

777

us a part, at least, of tlic Ijaiuiuct wliidi
you will <>njoy in full.

If my tlicmo sooins pri'sumptuous in
that only the most s('lf-conli(l(>ut and
amhitious would prcsuTuc to approach it,
jileasp hoar in mind that it was not of
my own choosing. Dr. Miller would
frankly say ■• I don't know." Perhaps I
would be wise to stop at his say ; but I
fear I should disa^)point.

Of course I need not say tliat successful
wintering is all-important. The bees
must be in good vigor when the spring
opens. It is as much of a truism to state
tliat the bees must breed up very rapidly
in April and May. We must have a
perfect r\ish of be.es as the clover harvest
opens. To accomplish tliis, we must see
to it that the bees have not just enough,
but a generous amount of stores during
this time of rapid breeding. Uees seem
to have a logic of their own, and to
reason about in this way : Jlany mouths
take much bread. We have little bread,
therefore' we must not have too many
mouths.

In the Northern States we must pro-
tect the liees in the spring, to secure the
populous colonies so essential to the best
success. Our e.xperinu'nts for the past
two years, prove conclusively that pro-
tection pays ane-Kceedingly heavy profit.
Chaff hives will do, but I prefer an outer
case and excelsior packing. This is
cheap, convenient, neat, and, is in every
way, a success. The cover forms a shade-
board for the hives later : and. with it,
we need no other arrangement to induce
the best work.

It also goes without saying that we
must have a prolific queen. I suggest as
a sub.iect for discussion, whether it will
not pay to re-queen the apiary every
year, or at least every second year. I
believe this can be done at no extra cost,
and in the general average, at a great
profit.

The swarming must he so managed
that we shall have strong colonies when
the season opens. Tliis is not difificult,
but it is not the province of this address
to discuss this question. The plan must
keep the colonies strong through the
season.

But after all this— with the strongest
colonies, best arranged hives and surphis
attachments, all in place at the dawn of
the season, we are yet di'pendent on the
flowers. If the flowers are not. or if they
secrete no nectar, then shall we secure
no lioney.

Why do the flowers refuse to secrete
nectar ? Here is where I would do well
to quote Dr. Miller's modest sentence.
"i et, I fancy, I do know something about
it. If we have such profound drouths as
we experienced in Micliigan and the
West in I81S8 and I88SI, then the plants
fairly writhe, and roll up for very thirst.
They have not enough moisture for the
life sap, and so, perforce, wither up.
Witli no sai), how can they secrete nec-
tar'? They have no strength to mature
seeds. Why then waste that strength in
secreting nectar to win the aid of the
bees to fertilize the blossoms, that seed
may be formed ?

A lasting drouth is fatal to the produc-
tion of honey. Cold rains are, likewise,
serious breaks in the elaboration of

iiectar by the llowers. They keep the
bees in tli<' hives, and the nectar from
the flowers. The flowerssay, i)ractically
at least, we will not wastes energy in
throwing out the distress signal, when
there ar(^ lui eyes to see it, if out. We
have all seen this' truth demonstrated
(luring fruit bloom. We must have
warm, moist weather to give Uw. idants,
the flowers and the .secretion, or we
cannot secure the honey.

But how about such a season as 1 81)0?
Abundant rains, many very warm days,
seemingly just the conditions for the
best success ; yet no thrift in the apiary?
Abundant white and Alsike clover, yet
no nectar secretion — no storing of honey.
Could I have Icjoked forward to June,
last April or .May, I would not have
given a nickle to have been insured a
good honey croii. How are we to exjilain
this ? I will suggest one explanation,
and ask others to add theirs, in the hope
that we may reach a solution.

With us w(> had the clover and the
bloom, and so all that we lacked were
the conditions lor nectar-secretion. We
had the rains and the warmth, so the
usual conditions were not lacking. The
only explanation I can ofter is. that last
year being so terribly dry, the young
plants were so blighted that they could
not recover, and so were unable'to per-
form their usual functions. Hence the
dearth of nectar-secretion.

We know that a young calf or colt that
is partially starved, never recovers its
full vigor ; and so, never can be at its
best in its after years, no matter how
well cared for. The young wheat was
starved for water last fall. As a
sequence, the yield was five or si.\ bushels
of viu-y poor wheat to the acre, instead
of 25 or 26 bushels of first-class grain.

Clover is a biennial, and so. last year
was storing up vitality and substance to
form the flowi>rs and seeds of this season.
It lacked food to do this iireparatory
work, and so lacked power to iierform
the subsequent functions : even though
all the surroundings were favorable.

This. Mr. President, is my theory. If
it lacks foundation, please overthrow it
and suggest a lietter. If it be sound-
then, in future, we shall be as eager that
the previous season be favorable, as that
the one at hand is to our liking.

A. J. Cook.

Dr. Miller said that whether Prof.
Cook's theory be correct or not, it will
make but little difference in the prac-
tical result. Although the outlook and
prospects were good, this year, we had
no crop. It was neither too wet nor
too dry.

A Member asked: "What is the
cause of the failure tlien ?"

Dr. Miller— •■ I don't know.' (Lauo-h-
ter.)

R. McKnight — I cannot see the con-
sistency of the theory of Prof. Cook, in
regard to the clover. When there is a
luxuriant growth and abundant bloom,
we ought to expect a good crop.
Atmospheric conditions must have
much to do with the yield of nectar.
A favorable condition of the atmos-

phere is almost certain to bring on a
good crop, when fiowers are plenty.
The exact condition of the atmo.spherc
in a good honey yield wo cannot tell.

J. Blanchard— In 1868 we had cir-
cumstances tending, in mj- opinion, to
a very good honey-tlow. but the bee.s
starved. Manj- bees and many blos-
soms were to be found, but there was
no honey. I agree with Mr. McKnight,
that all depends on certain atmospheric
conditions which are not yet under-
stood ,

S. A. 8huck — During linden-bloom,
this summer, on a certain warm pleas-
ant day, the bees worked wonderfully;
the weather had all the indications of
rain, in pi-ospective. There was a,
light rain shortly after, and the crop
failed for 2 or 3 days after that.

Dr. Miller — Can any one tell how we
can help all this ? If not. let us pass
to other subjects.

R. L. Taylor — This matter is impor-
tant, if any light can be thrown on the
subject.

J. W, Bittenbender — I think this is
the proper place to quote Josh Billings:
"What's the use to know so much,
when so much that you do know, ain't
so ?"

L. W. Baldwin said that the most
important part of the subject, discussed
in Prof. Cook's essay, is how to get
our bees ready for the harvest,

A. I. Root — There is something
wonderful in the way in which plants
will yield honej- one day and not
another. A certain bee-man sent to
us for tigwort seed, and raised a large
quantity, and after it had been bloom-
ing for some time, he wrote us a letter
complaining that we had humbugged
him, as he had not seen a single bee
on any of his plants. We were verj'
much at a loss to explain what was
wi'ong. when, the next day. we re-
ceived another letter from the same
party, saying that the bees had begun
working on the tigwort the same after-
noon, after he had written his letter,
and that they vvorked very heavily ou
it regularlj-. afterwards.

R. B. Leahy said that he expected
to see a failure in the honey harvest
every season, following a verj- good
harvest. He thought that the reason
was that the flowers had exhausted the
necessary constituents that served to
make the honej-, and that a new sup-
ply had to be formed, in the ground,
by nature.

MISCELLANEOUS BUSINESS.

The question-box being now ex-
hausted A. I. Root stated that it was
very important to have a report of the
proceedings in one of the bee-periodi-
cals, and that Mr. Newman had agreed
to publish it in the American Bee
Journal.

778

it'mm msmmmi^mn mmm j@'umMmi^,

Mr. Clarke asked whether it was
intended to publish the report in
pamphlet form, and upon receiving an
answer in the artirmative. moved that
the sum of |20 be set apart for this pur-
pose ; that report to be published by
Mr. Newman, as usual. Carried.

The other expenses of the Associa-
tion, such as printing, postage, badges,
and music, amounting to 139.25, were
also allowed.

The Secretary having refused to
accept anj- remuneration for his ser-
vices, a vote of thanks was tendered
him by the Association.

Mr. McKnight, of Ontario, gave a
rescitation, a description of an Irish
wedding, that was full of humor, aud
evoked a great deal of laughter.

After a few pieces of music liy
Field's orchestra, and a short informal
meeting, the Convention adjourned
until morning.

THIRD DAY.

The President called the Convention
to order at 8:30 a.m., and requested
the Rev. W. F. Clarke to lead in
prayer.

The report of Secretary Dadant,
showing a balance in the hands of the
Treasurer of $59.75, was read and
approved.

The Treasurer's reports were re-
ceived and approved. It was moved
to pay the Janitor |3 for his services
and attention to our wants. Carried.
The subject of location was then
discussed, and after the reading of an
invitation bj' the Eastern bee-keepers,
to meet somewhere in the Northeast,
and more especially at Lake George,
the Convention decided to hold its
next meeting at Albany, N. Y.

The Association received an invita-
tion to meet some day in Denver.Colo.
This invitation was brought in person
by the President of the Colorado State
Bee-Keepers' Association, the Rev. E.
Milleson.

The election of officers resulted as
follows : President, P. H. Elwood, of
Starkville, N. Y. ; Vice-President,
Eugene Secor, of P"orest City, Iowa ;
Secretary, C. P. Dadant, of Hamilton,
Ills ; and Treasurer, Ernest R. Root, of
Medina, Ohio.

The essay of Chas. F. Muth, of Cin-
cinnati, O., was then, by request, read
by Thomas G. Newman.

Are Italians or Hybrids Preferable in
an Apiary Run for Honey ?

his Italians were adding a peculiar
charm to Ills apiary.

It was not a small satisfaction to show
to his friends his golden-colored, large
bodied Italian queens, whose royal man-
ners and measured steps made one feel
proud every time their hive was opened !
Yes. a ■' two-incli queen," as he called
the large yellow queen to a friend, drew
a host of admirers. Her niotlier had
been sent him by a friend in St. Peters-
burg, Russia. No tifty dollars would
have bought that queen, whose daugh-
ters and grand-daughters all showed
their line '• Russian " family strain.

The Italian bees have developed inter-
est in apiculture, and aided materially
toward new discoveries. Their qualili-
cation as honey-gatherers was soon
appreciated. The black bees or hybrids
would attract no attention at all, and
the Italian colonics found no rest with
our enthusiastic brethren. Their colo-
nies would be divided, an unlimited num-
ber of queens reared, nuclei started, etc.
The arrival of a friend was the signal
for the opening of the hives of the pure
Italians. The queens had to be admired,
etc. Wlio thought of the hybrids ?
'■ That one is not pure," one would say,
passing by a hybrid colony. And it was
all the attention paid it.

The next thing we learned, was that
the blacks aud hybrids were better
honey-gatherers than Italians. Yes, and
we were told that dark-colored Italians,
and those bees that are the bravest on
the warpath, were the best bees for
profit. Our good friends, Messrs. Jones,
Benton and others, deplored Asia, and
gave us Syrian. Cyprian and Carniolan
bees. The Prussian government im-
ported large numbers of Egyptian bees.
Most of us old bee-keepers liave tried
them all, and I believe I express the
opinion of the majority if I say that the
p\ire Italians are the best, all points
considered.

It happens sometimes that black or
hybrid colonies give as good results as
any ; but as a rule, and according to my
experience, they were my purest Italians
that gave me the largest crops.

Pure Italian colonies are always best
supplied with winter stores, after a poor
season has been recorded, while during a
good flow of honey, they seem to be the
only variety whose whole energies appear
to be bent on the collecting of the sweets.
Very few swarms issue during such a

Twenty-five or thirty years ago, after
the Italians had made their appearance
in this country, every bee-keeper was
enthusiastic — not only because the good
old rule held out yet, that there was one
bad season only in seven, and large
money was realized for good crops, but
also because the three golden bands of

time. Breeding is
creases gradually
nectar ceases.

These virtues of
be over-estimated.

neglected, and
as the yield of

de-
the

pure Italians cannot
They are the cause
of small consumption of honey after the
harvest is over, aud consequently have a
better supply of winter stores when fall
approaches.

My bees are wintered on the summer
stands, and my success in wintering has
been, so far, second to that of no one, in
spite of full supplies of pollen and fall
honey. I do not believe in closely I'X-
tracting and back-feeding, nor am I
afraid of any kind of fall honey being
injurious to my bees. But I do believe
in large brood-chambers, which are
appreciated by no variety of bees better
than by i)uri' Italians.

Their breeding ceases gradually with
the flow of honey, and honey takes the
place of their brood. Almost as soon as
their young bees emerge, lioney appears
in those vacated cells, and keeps grad-
ually spreading from the outside combs
towards the center of the hive. No
other race of bees has their brood-cham-
ber as well provided with winter stores,
if. after the main harvest is over, a let-
alone policy is observed.

Besides the virtues mentioned above,
the Italian bees are the most docile of
all ; they are beautiful to look at, and no
stampede talces place when a comb with
bees is taken from a hive and set along-
side in the grass. One can handle them
without veil or gloves. A little smoke
only is required to keep their temper
withi n due bounds. If I had no other
reason than the last, it would be a suffi-
cient one for me to say : Give me, for
profit and pleasure, the pure Italian bee
every time. Chas. P. Muth.

The time left being very short, the-
President decided that no discussion
would follow.

The report of the Defense Committee
of the Association was then called for,
and Thomas G. Newman, the General
Manager of the National Bee-Keepers'
Union, .addressed the Convention as
follows :

National Bee-Keepers' Union.

Article X, of our By-Laws, makes a
Defense Committee of the officers of the
"National Bee-Keepers' Union;" its
President is declared to be a Vice-Presi-
dent of this Association, and its General
jSIanager is a " delegate to the Interna-
tional Convention." In behalf of your
Defense Committee I will therefore make
the following Report :

The Union will not make war upon
any legitimate pursuit, but when the-
rights and privileges of bee-keepers are
attacked, it will make a defense like the
ancient patriots — united, systematic,
fierce and overwlielming ! Its tower of
strength being in the rightfulness and
justice of its cause.

THE UNION ALWAYS TRIUMPHANT.

To show the value of united action,
and the moral weight of the " backing "■
of the National Bec-Keepers' Union, we
will make a brief enumeration of the
outcome of all the suits against bee-
keeping in the United States, which the
Union deemed it expedient to defend, and
it will be seen that not one has been
decided nrininst the hces .'

The " Freeborn " case in "Wisconsin
was presented in such a manner, backed
up by the Union, that the Judge kicked
it out of court !

In the '• Bohn " case, in California, the
united resistance of the bee-keepers of
the Nation was too much for the fruit-
growers— and that trouble is now all
conquered ! the raisin-growers admitting
that they were mistaken !

The "Darling" case in Connecticut
was dismissed as soon as it was discov-
ered that he was "backed up" by the
National Bee-Keepers' Union !

T'Mig m'mmMiGmn mm,m jqhrv^ki^.

779

Tho " Ricliardsou " case in Indiana
was dismissed by the Court when it was
found tliat the Union liad to be fouglit
as well as the poor gardener. Tliat was
too much for the enemies of the pursuit
of bee-keeping to attempt.

The case of S. W. Rich, of New York,
was a suit by a disagreealile neighbor, to
compel the removal of his home apiary
outside of the city limits. He also sued
for $1,200 as damages for injuries (?)
inflicted by the bees upon his person and
property. The jury, from which every
pcr.son having bees was excluded, gave
liim but nix cents to cover wounded
feelings and damaged projierty ! !

This virtually declared that the bees
were not a nuisance. Tlie result is an
overwhelming defeat for the enemies of
the pursuit of bee-lvceping, and another
victory for the National Bee-Keepers'
Union.

BEE-KEEPING NOT A NUISANCE.

Tlie Croiiming Victory was obtained in
the Arkadelphia case, in Arkansas.
There, by the enforcement of an unlawful
Ordinance of the city, j\Ir. Clark was
deprived of his liberty, and the constitu-
tional riglits guaranteed to every citizen
of the United States. Even granting
that it was wrong in Mr. Clark not to
obey the city authorities, he should have
had a speedy trial by an impartial jury
— all of wliich was denied him ! Even
when released under a writ of latbeas
corpus, he was, witliin three hours, re-
arrested and fined. After demanding a
change of venue, because of the prejudice
of the Mayor, that functionary again
fined him, denying him liis constitutional
rights.

This case was appealed to the Supreme
Court. The best legal talent was
employed by the Union — Judge Williams
and Major Witherspoon. The result was
that the Supreme Court decided that the
City Ordinance against bee-keeping was
" illegal and void " — and that the keeping
of bees was nut a nuisance !

When the prosecution realized that the
bee-keepers had an organized body for
defending the pursuit against the
malicious attacks of the ignorant and
the prejudiced, it wcakcnci} — it tried " to
hedge " — was willing to dismiss all the
cases against Mr. Clark on a pretended
informality in his bonds !

Here we have another result of the
benefits to be derived from organization
and combined effort. The members of
the Bee-Keepers' Union have many
triumphs to fee! proud over, and this
adds another laurel.

"A working bee but seldom
Turns from iiis way to sting ;
But he must have a world of room
To give his body swing.

That which he claims is yielded.
We're apt to think him right —

Who works to win, who wins to beep.
And can both work and fight."

IT IS KESrECTED.

The Decision, and arguments of Judge
Williams have been printed in pamphlet
form, and it has since prevented scores of
lawsuits in many places, where Ihe first
steps had been taken.

The City Council of Port Wayne,
Ind., passed an Ordinance against keep-

ing bees witliin the city limits. H
enforced, it would practically wipe out
the pursuit of bee-keeping there. Such
a |)ressur(^ was brought to bear by the
bee-keepers, backed up by the Union,
that no attemjit is made to enforce that
Ordinance.

The McCormick bill introduced into
the Legislat\ire, intending to "wipe
apiculture out of Michigan," as Prof.
Cook stated it. raised such a buzzing
about his ears that it was tabled on his
own motion, (ind there died.

GETTING DECISIONS OF LAW.

In the first case defended by the
Union, Judge Clementson remarked :

This case involves new points of law. upon
which there are no rulings of the Supreme
Court. We have no law upon which toinstruct
a jury.

That was the Freeborn case, in Wiscon-
sin, which the Union had defended so
vigorously that the complainant lost his
grip in the first round,and it was literally
kicked out of Court.

In the '-Ricli" case also, the Judge
complained that there were no precedents
or decisions of law, and, as a result, he
ruled very erroneously !

The Manager of the Union, upon
consulting with tlie Attorneys for the
Union, concluded that the first things
needed were " Decisions and Rulings of
the Supreme Court ;" and if these could
be obtained by earnest and diligent work,
as soon as possible, the bee-keepers' battle
would be half won.

USING DECISIONS OF LAW.

That tills was wisdom, has been shown
in all the later cases. Just as soon as
the law is threatened on the pursuit of
bee-keeping by some ignorant or jealous
individual, we salt Mm with decisions of
the Supreme Court, and when well
'■ rubbed in," he is " cured !" That ends
the trouble I

If a City Council or Town Board is
anywhere troubled by a complainant,and
asked to pass an Ordinance "declaring
bee-keei)ing a nuisance, and prohibiting
it within the corporate limits," etc., every
member, together with the Mayor, the
City Attorney, and the one making the
complaint, are all dosed with the same
pamphlet, and the matter is at once
dropped — killed by the " Decision of the
Supreme Court of Arkansas !"

We now have Decisions and Rulings of
the Supreme Court that are worth to us
many times their cost. They not only
save trouble and annoyance to bee-
keepers, but expense to the Union — by
preventing lawsuits !

THE UNION COMMANDS RESPECT.

That Decision is our "Corner-stone
of Defense I" It calls a halt in all such
"careers of madness," and demands
justice for the 300,000 Americans who
are now engaged in the keeping of bees !

" What makes a business respected ?''
asked the President of the Union, and he
answers his own question thus : " Its
usefulness to humanity. What makes a
noisy, dirty rolling-mill respected ? Its
usefulness. What makes horses and
horse-stables respected in large cities ?

Their usefulness. \Vhy do we respect
the constant blowing of steam whistles
in large cities ? Their usefulness. Who
is a more useful member of our great
pulsating humanity, than he who gathers
together a wealth that wfuild otherwise
be lost? Who accomiilishes this in its
entirety more than th(^ honey-producer?
Why is not our business respected ? I
think it is. because the general public
are not informed of the fact that lioney-
produeing, with modern fixtures and
methods, is a great business, and of
value alike to the bee-keeper and to his
country."

When the people are aware of tlie
extent of the pursuit and its usefulness,
they will respect it ! And. more, when
they nndeistand that bee-keepers stand
by one another, and have a Union for
Defense, they will respect it !

KILLED BY THE LAW.

All the late cases against bee-keepers
have been killed, by reading the decisions
of the Supreme Court of Arkansas ? And
by a judicious course, we imagine that
all trouble and annoyance to bee-keepers
in their legitimate business can be
averted by appealing to the intelligence
of the public, and its sense of right.

Lamentation without effort to over-
come difficulties, only exhibits our
weakness. We are here to " work out"
our deliverance from surrounding obsta-
cles— to ride above the storms — to defeat
the machinations of our enemies — to
cause trutli and riglit to triumph.

To allow decisions of Judges and
Rulings of Courts adverse to Apiculture
to have been placed on record, because
of our indifference — would have been
the greatest mistake of the age ! It
would have entailed disaster generally to
all the interests of bee-keeping !

That decision of the Supreme Court
will do more to guarantee to bee-keepers
their i-(V;)its and privileges, than anything
ever yet achieved ! Should the Union
cease to exist to-day, that Decision will
be its " crown of glory " and its generous
benediction. Thomas G. Newman,
General Manager.

A vote of thanks was given to the
National Bee-Keepers' Union and to its^
General Manager, for the excellent
report just made, and the report was
by vote adopted.

INCORPORATION.

The committee on Organization and
Incorpoi'ation reported, and read the
following Constitution as re-written :

ARTICLE I.— Name.
This organization shall be known as
"The North American Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation." and shall include in its territory
all of the United States and Canada.

ARTICLE II.— Object.
Its object shall be to promote the general
interests of the pursuit of bee-culture-
throughout North America.

ARTICLE III.— Membership.
1. This Association shall consist of its
officers, life members,, annual members,
honorary members,delegates from alfiliated
local associations, and ex-presidents.

780

THS? mm.mmi€'mf€ mmm j©^mkmi*.

^'^-■^^■^■■■■^*-^-^-^*^*^*-^^^-^-^^^-^

2. Any iJerson interested in Apiculture
may become a Lite-Member, upon tbe pay-
ment to tbe Secretary of tbe sum of ten
dollars, and receiving a majority vote at
any annual meeting of tbis Association.

3. Any person interested in Apiculture
may become an Annual Member upon tbe
payment to tbe Secretary of one dollar.
Ladies interested in apiculture may be
admitted free.

-I. Annual Members sball be entitled to
vote, bold ofHce, and discuss any question
before the Association.

5. Any persons may become Honorary
Members by receiving a majority vote at
any regular meeting.

6. Delegates from atBliated local Assoeia
tions sball be admitted free, and have all
the rights of annual members.

ARTICLE IV.— Officers.

1. The officers of this Association shall
consist of a President, First Vice-President,
Secretary and Treasurer, and their term
of office shall be one year, or until their
successors shall be elected and qualified.
These officers shall constitute the Executive
Committee.

2. The Presidents of all the Local Asso-
ciations, in affiliation with this Associa-
tion, shall be ex-officio Vice-Presidents of
this Association.

ARTICLE y.—AfflU"tion.
Any State, District, Territory or Province
in North America, maj* become affiliated
■with the " North American Bee-Keepers'
Association " upon tbe annual payment of
five dollars, which shall be due on tbe first
day of January in each year, in advance
for the calendar year.

ARTICLE VL—3[eetlnas.
Its principal place of business sball be at
Chicago, Ills., and the annual meetiug of
this Association sball be held at such place
as shall be agreed upon at tbe previous
annual meeting. Ten members shall con-
stitute a quorum for the transaction of
business, but a less number may engage in
discussion, and adjourn until some future
day.

ARTICLE VII.— T'rtca7ici.e,s in Office.
Vacancies in office, by death, resignation,
or otherwise, shall be filled by the Execu-
tive Committee, until the next annual
meeting.

ARTICLE VIII.— ^4 mendmentg.
This Constitution may be amended at
any annual meeting, by a two-thirds vote
of all the members present.

The report was accepted, and then
adopted. A committee of tire, com-
posed of Tlioraas (i. Newman, for
Illinois; Eugene Seeor. for Iowa; R.
McKnight. for Ontario ; A. J. Cook.
for Michigan, anil Ernest R. Root, for
Ohio, were then appointed to perfect
the work of Incorporation, according
to law.

RESOLUTIONS.

The following resolutions were
unanimously adopted :

Resolved, That the thanks of this Asso-
ciation are due, and are hereby tendered
to the business men of Hamilton and
Keokuk, for their kind and generous offer
of carriages to convey us to the home of
the Messrs. Dadant.

Also, to the Business-Men's Association
of Keokuk, which has so thoughtfully and
considerately paid for and given us the use
of tbis splendid hall.

Also to Dr. Miller and his assistants (the
singing committee) for their enjoyable
music.

And to President Taylor and Secretary
Dadant, for the efficient manner in which
they have prepared for, and conducted this
meeting.

And last, but not least, that we extend
our most grateful acknowledgement to the
CoHStitution-Dernocrat and Oate City, the
daily papers of this city, for the full, faith
ful and unusually correct reports of our
proceedings.

Also, to the Keokuk and Hamilton
Bridge Company, for the free passes fur-
nished to the members of the Association
during the last day.

Mrs. L. Harrison introduced a reso-
lution which was carried, as follows :

Resolved, That we extend our love
and sympathy to our dear Father Laug-
slroth, and are ever mindful of the
benefits derived from his labors ; and,
to show our appreciation, we donate
$50 from the treasui-y of the Associa-
tion for his benefit.

This closed the sessioa, and the Con-
vention adjourned. In the afternoon
the delegates visited the extensive
Dadant apiary, conveyances being pro-
vided by tlie Business-Men's Associa-
tion of Hamilton.

[The list of Members, Affiliated Associa-
tions, and Delegates, as well as the Report
of the Committee on Exhibits, and some
other matters of interest, will be published
next week. — Ed.]

Many Bees -XTill Starve.

The season of 1890 is over, and in a few
days we will have our bees in the cellar,
but not in as good condition as they were
one year ago. The prospect last spring
was as good as I ever saw it, but,
alas, white clover yielded but little honey.
Basswood enabled a part of them to fill up
tbe brood-nest, and store about one-sixth
of a crop of surplus comb honey ; while the
other part of them stored but little in the
brood nest, and the result will be that
among the farmers who will not feed them,
from one fourth to one-third of the bees
will starve, and next spring there will be
less bees than last spring.

O. B. Barrows.

Marshalltown, Iowa, Oct. 26, 1890.

COWVEIVTIOIV DIRECTORY.

Time and place of meeting.

Dec. 16. 17.— Northern Illinois, at Rockfori. Ills.

D. A. Fuller, Sue, Cherry Valley, Ills.

Dec. 18, 19.— Carolina, at Pineville. N. C.

N. P. l^yles, Sec, Derita, N. C.

Jan. 1, 2.— Michigan State, at Detroit. Mich.

H. D. Cutting. Sec Clinton. Mich.

May 7.— Susquehanna County, at Montrose, Pa.

H. M. Seeley, Sec llarlord. Pa.

I^" In order to have this table complete.
Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — The Editor.

North American Bee-Keepers' Association

President— P. H. Elwood. ..Starkville, N. Y.

Secbetarv— C. P. Dadant Hamilton, Ills.

EX-PRESIDENTS.
President. Year. Where Held.

Rev.L.L.Langstroth .. 1870 . .Indianapolis, Iiid.

M. Quinbv 1871..Cleveliiud. O.

Kev. W. F. Clarke 1S7-2.. Indianapolis, Ind.

Scth Hoagland 187:i. .Louisville, Ky.

Uev. W.F. Clarke 1K74. .Pittsburfr, Pa.

G. W. Zimmerman.... 187.'... Toledo. O.

W. H. Andrews 187fi.. Philadelphia, Pa.

J.H.Nellis 1877.. New York.

Thomas G. Newman.. 1878.. New York.
Thomas G. Newman.. 1870.. Chicago. Ills,

Dr. N. P. Allen 1880.. Cincinnati. U.

Prof. A. J. Cook 1881.. Lexington, Ky.

I). A.Jones 1882.. Cincinnati, O.

Kev.L.L.Langstroth.. 1883.. Toronto, Ont.

L. C. Root 1884. Rochester. N. Y.

H. D. Cutting 188."i,. Detroit, Mich.

Dr. C. C. Miller 188(i, .Indianapolis, Ind,

Dr A. R. Mason 1887.. Chicago, Ills.

Dr. A. B. Mason 1888. .Columbus, O.

Hon. R. L.Taylor 1889.. Brantford, Out.

P. H. Elwood 1890.. Keokuk, Iowa.

S>variii!> ^Vitlioiit Oi-oiies.

If natural swarms occur where there are
no drones allowed to be reared, it is con-
trary to my experience. One season all
drones were prevented from being reared
in my apiary, and no sicarms was the
result. I supposed bees iu a normal condi-
tion acted upon the principle of isolation,
and would ?tot cast a swarm unless
they had drones of their own. There is
some contradiction in Query 737, and
hence this note, "Are drones consumers '."
If so, the whole theory of isolation Is upset,
and a swarm may come from any colony,
or one not rearing drones. T. F. Kissel.

Shiloh, O., Nov. 8, 1890.

Mot I>iscoMrage«l.

I cannot report such a large honey crop
as last year, but considering tbe season I
have done fairly well. I had 10 colonies In
the Spring, and increased them to 12, by
natural swarming. I obtained 135 lbs. of
comb-honey in 1-Ib. sections, capped, and
about 25 lbs. not capped, which I extracted.
I received 18 cents per pound for the comb,
and 15 cents per pound tor the extracted.
All of my bees go into winter quarters
with plenty of stores of their own gather-
ing, as the late rains in the Fall brought
on a honey-flow which came to their rescue.
I am not at all discouraged.and am looking
to the future for better results.

I cannot do without the Bee Journal. I
have more than received the cost of the
sulLScription price during the year. I some-
times think a single issue is worth its price
for a whole year. Geo. Fret.

Genesee, Ills., Nov. 8, 1890.

movinsr Bees.

Well, I have moved again. As an itiner-
ant preacher, I have got to my new loca-
tion. My bees were moved 40 miles iu the
wagon. We put some in the wagon, and
some were piled on top of a frame of
boards, extending clear around the wagon-
box It was a queer-looking load. Only
six combs were broken in all, and these
were mostly new. Each frame was tacked
fast with a wire brad. I never fasten the
bottom of the frames at all. I do not use
wired foundation either.

It is not nearly so much of a job to move
bees as it is furniture. If I had some kind
of a hive with stationary frame.the trouble
of moving my bees would be still less. The
most vexatious thing about it all is, run-
ning into new localities where there are
black bees that must be Italianized in order
to keep mine pure. W. P. Favlor.

State Line, Ind., Nov. 14, 1890.

THE? mjmMMicnn bbe; jqurnril.

781

B0S1NES8 MANAGER.
[ZZXZZZZZZZZZXZZZZZZZZZXZXXXZZI

^lusiucss Jiloticts.

" Open the doors and windows,

And let the golden air,
Sweep out the dust and cobwebs

And make the old borne fair.
For swift from hamlet and city.

Swift over river and sea,
My boys and girls are hasting

To keep Thanksgiving with me."

' Subscribers who do not receive tbeir

papers promptly, should notify us at once.

U^" Send us one new subscription, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

tl^~ Send us twn new subscriptions, with
$2.00, and we will present you with a
" Globe " Bee-Veil for your trouble. (See
the fuller notice in the advertising col-
umns.)

I^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
yeai\

]r^" Please send us the names of your
neighliors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Joiuxal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

m^" Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jouk-
NAL at $1.85 for the two: or with both our
Home Jouknal and Bee Jouhn'-u. for $2.25
for all three papers.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

' As there is another firm of "Newman

& Son" in this citj", our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please wi'ite Aiiicricdni lice
Jimrnal on the corner of j-our envelopes to
save confusion and dela}'.

I^" Systematic w-ork in the Apiai-y will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For .^0 colonies (120 pages! $100

" 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 25

■• 200 colonies (420 pages) 150

J^" When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Jouknal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

I^" A "Binder" made especially for
the Americax Bee Jolk.n'al, and lettered
in gold, makes a very convenient way of
preserving the copies of the Bee Journal
as fast as they are received. We offer it,
postpaid, for 60 cents ; or as a premium for
two new subscriptions, with $2.00. It can-
not be mailed to Canada.

DENVER, Oct. I.-).— Wo quote: 1-lbs., first
gi"uic, 10@18c. E.\t, 7@8c. Hecswii.\, 20(ai2.")c
J. M. CLAllK COM. CO.. 1517 IJIake St.

DETROIT, Oct. l.-!.— No white honey in the
m;iikct; dark iii- full honc.v sell.s ill, l-i@ir)C.—
E.\n-:ictcil, 7fi/(«c. Beeswax, 2T(fli28c.

M H. HUNT. Bell Branch. Mich.

NEW YORK. Oct. 24.— We quote: Fiincv 1-
llis., white, KiCSilSc; 2-lbs.. while, l-i(^idr,c.
Off st:ii1os, 1-lbs., 14@15c.; 2-lbs.. 12(f>ii:tc.
Buckwheat, 1-ibs., 12(gll3c.; 2-lbs.. lOgillc—
E.xtracteil, white clover and basswood, 8@Si4c
buckwheat. 7c.: Califorula,6'/4(g(7 cents per !)•
Southern, 70c per gallon.

HILDKETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
28-:i0 West Broadway.

CHICAGO, Oct. 11.— Best grades of honey
sell at 17(3il8c. For brown ami dark in mi-
cleaned sections there is a light demand, the
prices having to be shaded to meet the views
of the lew buyers there are for that grade.—
E.xtracted, steady at 7(§>8c.— demand is good.
Beeswax, 27(g28c.

R. A. BURNETT, 161 S. Water St.

CHICAGO, Oct. 11. — New honey arriving
very slowly, demand active, and all receipts
are taken promptly. We quote: White clover
l-lbs., l«(S)18c.: 2-lbs., 14@15c.; dark 1-lbs.,
Il(«il2c: 2-lbs.. 9®lOc. Extracted meets with
quick sale, values ranging from 6'/^@7ii cts.,
depending upon quality and style of package.
Beeswax, 28((>':)0c.

S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITV, Nov. 8.— We quote 1-lb.
white comb, 16(5il8c; 1-lb. dark comb, 12@14c;
extracted, 5(37c. California 1-lb. white comb.
16@17c; 1-lb. extra C & C, 16e: 2-lb. extra
C & C, 14c; 2-lb. white, 15c; extracted,6H(5>7c.
CLEMONS, MASON A: CO.,

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

CINCINNATI. Nov. 12.— There is a good de-
mand for all kiuds of honey. Arrivals are
fair of all but comb hone.v and Southern ex-
tracted. Small lots only of each are arriving,
and are sold immediately. California hone.v
seems to be as highly appreciated in our
market as the best clover honey. We quote
choice comb honey nominal at 16@lSc per lb.
E.vtriicted honey at 5'/4(5i8c per lb.

Becswa.\ is in good demand at 24(®26c., for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH 4: SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

BOSTON, Nov. 13.— Fancy white 1-lb. comb
honey selling :it lD(®20c. No 2-lb. comb honey
in this market. Buckwheat or otf-colored
hone>' not wanted at any price. Extracted
selling at T^at^.H'K*.

No beeswax <»n hand. Demand good.
BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.

MILWAUKEE, Oct. 11.— Market is in good
condition for honey ; demanil is stead.v and
good values maintained, while the suppl.v is
fnir to meet the current demands. W'e quote'
Choice white i-lbs.,. 17(§J18c. : good white l-lbs.
I(3fe!l7c. Dark and old 1-lbs.. 10(a.l2e. E.x-
tracted. white in barrels. 8^2(jl'9c.: in kegs or
tin. 9@9i4c. : dark, in barrels or kegs. t3^i7c. —
Beeswax, 2OCJ>':i0c.

A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. AVater St.

Convention r^'otieeiii.

Cg^ Ttiestli semi-<inmial meetinir nf tlie .'^uaqiie-
hunriH C'liinl y Bt't*-I\eeijers' Associiitioii will be lield
HI M'jntrose. Pa., uii TUursdav. Mnv 7. 18tH.

H. M. SEKLEV. Sec.

J^^~ The Carcljna Bee-Keeper-;' AssociHliCin. will
httld the lust .session ul l.-*yn in llie 'J «..wq Hail, Pine-
ville, N. (.:.. i>e... i'*, m. A K"OiI pruKraiume All
wini feel an mlerest in modern bee-eulture are cor-
riiall.v uivileii. Hung or send a full lepurt uf the
seasun. JKntertaininent free.

(Other papt-is please Cdjiy.)

>. P. Lyies. Sec , Derita, N. C.

Sll AVho Subscribe for the A.meri-
(AN Bee Journal can hereafter have our
Illustrated Home Journal also, from the
time their subscriptions are received to
Jan. 1. 1892— both papers for only Sll.S.t.
We can also furnish Gleiinlnijs in Bee-
Culture for same time with the above, for
CIS. 15 for all three periodicals This is an
offer that should be accepted by all who
keep bees, and desire the regular visits of
these standard publications— all three pe-
riodicals from now to Jan. 1, 1892, for the
price named.

Itov-Koepins: *or l>rolil, by Dr.

G. L. Tinker, is a new 50page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted honey, and the construction of
the hive best adapted to it — his "Nonpareil."
The book can be had at this office for 25
cents.

^ducrtiscmcvtts.

Tuikefs for Marlet

AND

Plofkefs for Profit.

By "FANNY FIELD."

WRITTEN for those who are interested in
Turkeys and wish to make them pro-
fitable. She reared In one rear I.tO Turkeys—
and did the work for ;i family of five— netting
her Ss.SOO. No farming ijays so well as Turkeys

, ^■*r'7:f^'''^,'-\gS of breeding stock, iibout
the Gobbler— Which breeds are best and most
profit able— Setti ng the eggs— Care while hatch-
ing—Profit per head— Care until fully feath-
ered—Food for the young— Save the feathers,
they bring pood prices— Number of hens to a
Gobbler --Nara.ganset Turkeys- White Tur-
keys—Bronze Turkeys — Common Turkeys —
To restore chilled Turkeys— Diseases of Tur-
keys—Leg weakness- Killing and drcssinf—
Mark your Turkeys— Marketing— Capital and
number to begin with— Tells all about the
Turkey business. Price, 25 cents.

Given for One New Subscriber to this pacer
for one year, with $1.00.

TIIOS. G. NEWMAN A: SON,

240 East Madison St.. - CHICAGO. ILL.

MUTH'S

HONEY EXTBACTOB

pekeeutio.x
Cold-Blast Smokers,
><iuarc (ilass Iloiipy .lars. Arc.

For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Sox
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.. Cincinnati, O
Send Itic for Practical Hints to lii-e-Kcepers'

C3^ The Annnrt! Meeting uf the Nortliei-n Illinois
Bee-Keepers' Ansnciation. will be lield in the Super-
visor's Kuoui ul ilie Court House, at Ko( kford, Ills.,
on Dec. lH-17. 1WHI-. The I'lesment lia.- a good Pro-
giamiue in Lourse of prepaiation.

D A. KtLI.ER, Sec.

BEESWAX WANTED.

ICeest* ax.^We will pay 27 <-ent» per

pound, in Cash, for Yellow Beesvya.\, deliv-
ered here.

J^" To avoid mistakes, the name of the
shipper should alwa.vs be on each package.

THO*. IW. NtCWItlAIV A so>,

246 Eiist M:idison Street. - CHICAGO. ILL.

British, Bee Joiirzial

AND BEE-KEEPERS' ADVISER.
TS PCBLISHED every week, at 6s. 6<l. per

X annum. It contains the very best pr,actical
information tor the apiarist. It is edited by
Thomas Wm. Cowan, F.G.S., F.R.M.S. etc anil
publisbed by John Huckie, Kings 'Lauirlev
Herts, England. • '

782

rtmm mmemicsm mmm j@i3mpimi*.

-^>— ^— -—-—--" -^'—^^-■'■-■'*^ '^^^*^»^***^*^*^*^*^*^**

OUR BOOK PREMIUMS

We desire to get our friends all through the country to aid us in increasing our list of
Subscribers to the

AMERICM BEE JOUMAL— WeeUy, 32 Pages, $1.00 a Year ; and
The ILLISTKATEW HOME JOIRML-Monthly, 32 Pages, 50 Cents a Vear.

We make the reader this proposition: If you will get us Two i^'ew Sul>«oriber«
to the BEE JOURNAL, or l-'oui- for the HOME JOURNAL, we will present you
with either of the following Books, as you may choose :

DOOLITTLE'S QUEEN-KEAKING,

with Appendix— 170 Pages, bound in paper. Or

MILLER'S "YEAR AMONQ THE BEES,"

which contains 114 Pages, bound in cloth.
Sent FREE of postage, as pay for work to be done for us. Clubs need not be located at
one post-office, and for either or both Journals to the same or differenUaddresses :

THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON, 346 East Madison St., Chicago, His.

"AYearAffloii2;tlieBees"

A talk abmit someofthc Implements, Plans

and Practices of a Bee-Keeper of 25

years'' experience, icho lias for S

years made the Prodxiction

of Honey his Exclusive

Business.

By Dr. C. C. MILLER.

Its descriptions commence with the neces-
sary work in the spring, and run through the
entire Year, dotailiiig- the methods ot doing, as
well as telling when to do, all that should be
done in the apiary. It contains 114 pages, and
is nicely bound in cloth.

♦^ Price, 50 cents, by lail^

Or it will bo Clubbed with the American Bee
Journal for one year, for only $1.35.

THOMAS a. TSSEWyiAXl & SOK,

East Madi.son Street, - CHICAGO, ILL,

SPECIAL DISCOUNT

ON HIVES.

IN order to keep our factory running during
the fall and winter months, we will make
a discount of 10 per cent, on all orders for
Hives received before Jan. 1, IHfll, and after
that date, until March 1. we will make a dis-
count of 5 per ceut. from our Catalogue
prices.

The experience of the last season should
prompt everv bee-keeper to have his supply of
Hives, etc.. on baud before the season com-
mences, and avoid the rush.

THOS. Q. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street. - CHICAGO, ILL.

^Eigiith^Edition^.]ust^PnbUshe(l^

At the ratelhey have been go.

FrFF homes i'"V'th*e Piih'lic Domainswill
1 Hlwfc ■■»gEPtfc«^y g^[j j)p (j-one in o years. Now is

Kich Undw thoSuiiBliioeaopM|jH.a« per oore.
Wh»t Utter could Ni left for ChiMren? Whrw lliesa Ij^riJa fcm now toed
them, u welt M for. Qfornntion of aUMftiM Buil Tomtotieo. aenl 10«enl8

MdrBCdTPfliei^Biniful Emrmvin'TS. a I'ictiiresquo I'anomm* of theLr

6t4tea. AddTMfl THE WESTERN \V«Kl.l>. €hl.

.111.

PATENTS

THOS. P. SIMPSON. Washinti;t(in.
lXi\ Nn atty'a lee until putent ub-
taiued. Write for Inventur's Guide.

:^c«' and Revi<!ie<l Kdition

BEES 4 HONEY,

OR THE

Management of the Apiary

FDR PLEASURE AND PRDFIT

THOMAS G. NEWMAN,

Editor of the AmCTican Bee Journal.

This edition has been largel;^ re-written,
thoroughly revised, and is "fully up with the
times" in allthcimprovemcntsandlnventions
in this rupidlv-developing pursuit.and presents
the apiarist with everything that can aid in
the successful management of an apiar.v, and
at the same time produce the most honey in
an attractive condition. It contains 250
pages and 245 illustrations — is beautifully
printed in the highest style of the art, and
bound in cloth, gold lettered. Price, $1.00—
postpaid. , , J

LtBEHAT. Discount to dealers, by the dozen
or hundred.

THOmAS Q. NSWMAN & SOIT,
246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

The ? lATIOML ? STOCKM.M * Al\D * FARMER

Is the most ably edited and the best printed Agricultural Journal among our exchanges^
It is published at Pittsburgh, Pa., and the publishers claim the largest circulation ot
any Farm Weekly Paper in America. The subscription price is S1.50 per year.

BY SPECIAL ARRANGEMENT,

We offer this Paper with the

American Bee Journal for 1891,

For lg>1.95 -or with the

Illustrated Home Journal for 1891,

For $1.40 — or all three for $3.35.
The balance of 1890 will be sent Free, to all New Subscribers, to all three publications.
This is a rare bargain, and the sooner the Sulisoriptions are received, the more
numbers of 1890 will be sent Free. If a Sample Copy is desired, send a Postal Card
for it to the NATIONAL FARMER AND STOCKMAN, PITTSBUROH, PA.

SEND ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS TO US.

THOMAS G-. NEWMAN & SON,

p^ This new edition of our Bees and
Honey will be given as a Premium for only
llirce new subscribers, with *3.00;
or clubbed with this JorRN.\L for 81.75.

Tlie"(j}lobe"BeeVeil

Price, by Mail or Express, $1.00.

246 East Iflacliion Street,

41A— llMtf

CHICAGO, ILL.

There are five cross-
bars united by a rivet
through their center at
the top. These bars are
buttoned to studs on the
neck-biind. The bars are
of best lightspringsteel.
The necli-band is of best
hard spring brass. The
cover is of white bobinct
with black face-piece to
see through.

It IS \ex V e isilv put together; no trouble to
put on or take off; and folds compactly in a
paper box 6x7 inches, by one inch deep. The
protection against bees is perfect— the weight
of the entire Veil being onty five ounces.

Discolored by Smoke.

The netting- ot a thousand of these Veils were
soiled by Kitioke. These complete Veils we
otter, [lostpaid, at 60 cents each, two for
tl.lO, or lour Veils lor $2.00. They are
practically justas^'ood as ever, but slightly
soiled. To secure these. Order at once.
There are now only about 300 left.
We will send this Veil and the Bee Journai,
one year, for $1.50 ; or we will give the Veil
FKEE for t\TO NEW subscribers to the
Bee Journal— Lor one for the Bee Journal
and two for the Home JourxalT for one year,
with SC.OO for the subscriptions.

THOS. a. NEWMAN & SON,
■24(5 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

READERS

Of tilis Journal ivb»
write to any of our
advertisers, eitlier In
ordering, or asking about the Goods
olTcrcd, will please state that they saw
the Advcriisemcnt in this paper.

TH® mimmmicmn »eie j&JsmMmiL.

783

The Honey Almanac

T UST the thlniE needed to create a demand for
*' HONET at home. Bee-keepers should scatter
■it freely. It shows the uses of Honey for Medicine,
KatinK. Drinkintf, CookinK. for makiDK Costuetics,
"Vinegar, etc. ; also uses of BKE8WAX. Price, sets.;
25 copies for 11.10; 50 copies. 11.70; 75 copies, $2.30;
100 for »2.90. The foregoinK are POSTPAID prices:
"following are prices when sent by express or freight;
100 for $2.50; 500 for $10.00; i.(X)0 for $15.«). The
Bee-Keeper's CARD will be printed on the first page
without extra cost, when 25 or more are ordered at
one time.

We Have a FeM' Hundred!) left,
■of the Honey Almanac for this year. They
■should be used this Fall, and therefore we
offer them at one-liall the above prices.

THOS. G. NEWMAN A: SON,
246 East Madison St.. - CHICAGO, ILL.

DO YOU WANT

To succeed in Apiculture? Then try the
Nonpareil Bec-Hlve and Wlnier Case.

Send for Catalogue of prices, and enclose 25
■cents in stamps for the new boob, " BEE-
KEEPING FOR PROFIT," and you will not
regret it.

Address, DR. G. L. TINKER,

45Atf New PhiUadelphia, Ohio.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

XOOK HERE!

X)EPORR PliACING VOIR OKRER

J-> for SUPPLIES for ISSU. get my Prices
and Discounts.

Prlce-liist FREE.

Address. J. M. KINZIR.

20Aly ROCHBSTKK. Oakland Co.. MICH.

Mention the American Dee Journal.

PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION

HAS NO S.4G IN BROOU FRAiOES.

THIN FLAT BOTTOM FOUNDATION

Has no Fisli-boue iu Surplus Houey.

Being tbe cleanest is usually worked
the quickest of any Foundation made.
^^M J, VAN DEI^SEN dc SOINS,

Sole Manufacturers.
Sprout Brook. Montgomery Co., N. Y.
Mention the American Bee Journal,

BEE-KEEPERS' GUIDE;

EVERY Farmer and Bee-Keeper should
have it. The

15th 1,000, Wholly Revised !
MUCH enlarged:

Contains many more beautiful Illustrations
«nd Is up to date. It is both PRACTICAL and
SCIENTIFIC.

Prlceei: By mail, $1.50, To dealers, $1.00.
In 100 lots, by freight, oO per cent. off.

Address A. J. COOK,

35Atf A^ricnltaral College, Ifli<-li.

Mention Vie American Bcc Journal.

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES!

WE are prepared to furnish to Bee-Keepers
all kinds of Supplies proraptlv, and at
lowest rates. Correspoudcuco solicited and
estimates gladly funiished, Our goods are all
miide of the best maxcrial and are fihst-class
in every respect. Cataln^fues and Price-Lists
free. Reference— First Nai'l Bank, this place.
Address, WM. Mt-fllNK A: CO.,
•i'JDly STERLING, ILL.

MerUion the American Dee JoumaL

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WHAT I SAW!

DR. W. W. SAITERLEE'S wondprful Uenly
t(i Socialism — rej^ular price. 40 (!tH.— THE
NEW PEERLESS ATLAS, which will be com-
plete in November, ami will contain the

Census Reports of 1890

And THE LEVER for one year, the great
Prohibilion Newspaper, will all be sent to any
New Subscriber for only $1.50. Sample copy
of paper free. Address,

CENTER LEVER COMPANY,

134 Van Burcn street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

i:!Atf— 4Mtf

Mention the American Dee Journal.

HANDLING BEES

APAIflPHLET, treating- of the taming
and handling of bees, .lust the thing for
beginners. It is a chapter from "'I'lie Htve
and Honey-Ree, revised." Price, 8 cts.
Advice to beginners. Circulars, &c., free.

CHAS. DADANT & SON,

Hamilton. Hancock Co., Ills

WE are now ready to receive shipments of
HONEV, and would be pleased to open
correspondence. Liberal advances made on
consignments. Prompt returns. Quiet ship-
ments of Comb and Kxlracted will meet
an active market. Reference on file with the
American Bee Journal.

S. T. FISH ic CO., 189 So. Water St.,

33A20t CHICAGO, ILLS,

Mention the American Bee Journal.

BEES hm HOMtr

fiilc) Stronci-»t, Iti-iit ■'
i' htainstBKE-inv'i';;"raU| —

■f-ryt».i}y.

jil

pos-

[ ) ilie i.,areeBt llee-lllve Tai'*

1 lorj In the World f-T sample ciiv . f
If.UntiliifirHln BeeCuUure(a$l illus-
■*[ mi fi i-m<.nlhl7). and a <4 p. iUu^-
1 r it d I •^lalocue of Itee-Kerpcrs'
■^ <^iippI1cn. Our X It C of Bee lul-
tur«. I » <- rc'opedia of 4U0 pp., C>;in, tiirl
ut Price in ilnLh. fl V.'i OJ* J/r/ifiore

paper. A. I. ROOT, Medina, O

Bee -Hives, Sections, &c.

On and after Feb. 1, 1890. we will sell our
No. 1 V-gToove Sections in lots of 500 as fol-
lows: Less than 2,000 at $3.50 per thousand;
2,000 to 5,000 at $3.00 per thousand. Write
for special prices on larger quantities. No. 2*
Sections $2.00 per thousand. Send for Price-
List for other Supplies. Address,

J. STAUFFER A: SONS,
(Successors to B. J. Miller & Co.)

31Atf NAPPANEE, IND.

Mention the American Bcc Jounuil.

NEW FACTORY.

BEE-HIVES, SECrlONS, FKVIHES,
ET<;. We' have moved into our new
factory, which is the largest and most com-
plete in the world. We make the best of proods,
and sell them at lowest i>rices. Write for free
Illustrated Catalogue.

G. B. 1.EWIS A: CO., Watertown, Wig.
3.-)Atf

WANTED!

SOUTHERN HO.\EV.

WE P A \'.') ',4c per lb. for a good quality of
Southern Honey. Cash on arrival of
honey. CHAS. F. MtJTH & SON,

Freeman & Central Aves., - Cincinnati, Ohio.
46A4t

•84

THE mmmmiGmM mmm jM^Jommmi^.

Our Mott«: Hesl (Joods at lowest Prices

The immense demand for our Hives.
Sections, Comb Foundation, uud other
3?e-Keepers' Supplies during- hist seu-
sou, was more than we were prepared
to take care of, and in consequenee.
like many of our competitors, we were
at times very much behind our order?,
causing much dissatisfaction to our
customers. However, we tried to do
justice to all.

We take pleasure in announcing- to
our friends, that we have more than
doubled our capacity by larg-e additions
to our factory and machinery, and we
will hereafier be able to supply all
your needs promptly, with goods of
which the material and workmanship
cannot be excelled. Larg'e Illustrated
Catalogrue free. Address,
TBEW. T. FAl(;o\ER MT'(i. CO.. Jamestown, X.Y.
L'Miial Winter I>i»>eoiint«« are iio\v<Mveii.
lAly

WE have a larg-e stock of SECTIONS now
ready, both No. 1 and No. 2. Write for
special prices on winter orders in large or
small lots, including- ail other Supplies. Also
Berry Crates and Baskets made up or in flat
Address, Berlin Fruit Box Co..
37A13t Berlin Heights, Ohio.

Mention Vie American Bee Jouriial,

D

ADANT'S ^

FOUNDATION

Is guaranteed by us, every inch equal to sam-
ple in every respect. For sale lay the following
»ud numerous other dealers:

THOS. O. NEWMAN & SON. Chicago. Ills.

C. V. MU'l'H 1^ Sd.N. CiiiL-irinati. O.

JAMES HEDIXIN. DowaKino, .vich.

CHAS. H. (iKKKN. VVnukesUa. Wis,

CHAS. HKRrm., Jr.. KreeburB. Ills.

E. KRETCU.M EK. Keri Oak. luwa.

Dk. G. L. I'lNKEK. New Philadelphia. O.

JOS. NVSBWANDBK. Des Muines. Iowa.

G. B. ]>EWIS iV C<-).. Watertdwn. Wis

PAUL T^. VlALl.ON'. Bavnu iiuula. La.

J. MATl'OON, Atwaier. O.

GoudPll & Wniidwcrth Mf'BCo., Rock Falls. Ills.

OLIVEK FOSTEK. Mt. Vernon. Iowa.

GEO. E. HM;r".s, Krenuml. .\tich.

J.M.CI-ARK Com, Co.. I.il7 BlakeSt.. Denver. Col.

i:. Ii. Goold & Co., Br^.ntford, Ont., Canada

G. K. HUBBAUU. Fort Wavrie. Ind.

O. G. C 'T.Lt KIl. Kairburv. .Neb.

K. H. SCIlMlln' & CO., New London. Wis.

J. STAnKKKK .& S()N-l. Niippanee. Ind.

B. K. NE\VC( ».\1 B. Pleasant Valley. N. Y.

Ij H.\NSSEN. Daveni.ort. Iowa.

BHRL'N FUUI I' BO.X CO.. Berlin Heiuhls. O.

C TllKII..MA^N. T hoi 1 man ton, Minn.

T. H. STlllCKLEK. Solomon Citv. Kans.

H. C. EAIiLESFIELll. Berlin, Wis.

WALTER S. POUUKK. Indianapolis, Ind.

Liiiigstrotli on the lloney-llee, Revised.

The book for beginners. The most complete
Text^Book on the subject in the English lau-
fruatre.

Bee-Vell» of imported material. Siiiokem,
Seellonn, &<•.

Circular, with advice to beginners. Samples
&e., free. Send your address on a postal to

CHAS. DADANT & SON,

Hamilton. Hancock Co., Ills.

READERS

or tills Journal who
Avrite to any of our
advertiser**, either In
ordering, or asking about the Goods
offered, will please state that they saw
Uie Advertisement in this paper.

Best on Earth

Eleven Years without a Parallel

-AND THE-

Standard in every Civilized
Country.

BINGHAM !l HETHERINGTON UNCAPPING KNIFE

standard Size— Patented IVIay 20, 1S79.

BINGHAM'S PATENT SMOKERS.

SIX SIZES AND PRICES.

Doctor Smoker... .'JH inch, post-paid $0 00

Conqueror" :i " " 1 T.i

Larjje ■• ....iVi " " .... 1 .">0

E.\tra " 2 '• •' 1 -J.")

Plain " ....2 " " .... 1 00

Little Wonder Smoker, Ij; inch, " B.j

Uncapping Knife 1 15

Sent promptl.v on receipt of price. To sell
aifain. send for dozen or half-dozen rates.

Milledeevllle. III., March s. 18£«l
."SfTs:— Smokers received to-day. and count cor-
rectly. Am ready tor orders. If others feel as I do.
your trade will boom. Truly, F. A. Snell.

Vermillion, S Dak.. Feb. 17, 18U0.
Sirs.'— 1 consider your Smokers the best made, for
every purpose. I have had l.s years' experience with
300 to 400 colonies of bees, and know whereof I
speak. Very Truly, K. A. Mukgan.

Sarabsville. Ohio.. March 1-2, istnt.
Sirs;— The Smoker I have has done uood service
since 188a. yours Truly, Daniel Bkutheks.

^~ Send for descriptive Circular and testi-
monials to

BINGHAM & HETHERZirGTOIT,

14Atf Abronia, Mich.

Th'ii Wool'C Fromreceipt of order (cash with
lllU Ilrrns the orderi Cary, Lant'stroth or
Standard Langstroth Frame Hives, Automatic
Foundation-holdiii;^ frames, in the flat, $1.00:
nailed and painted, JL.'iO. Best work and
inalerial. Aay hive to order at low jiriees.
Write mo. E. A. Baldwin, West Upton. Mass.
47D4t

TO BEEKEEPERS !

TN ADDITION to our New England Honey
-L Trade we have leased a Store in New Yors
City lin the best possible location to catch the
Grocery Trade), and pro|iose handling-

COMB AND EXTRACTED HONEY

there. As we have been practical Bee-Keepeis
and have had some 12 years' experience in the
Honey Trade (duriiifr which time we have han-
dled MORE HONEY than any House in New
Englandl, we feel .iustifled in saying that we
understand the Honey Trade, and think we
can handle your Surplus Honey t« the very
best advantage.

We shiiU endeavor to tnake Quick Sales at
the very hii^hesl prices, and by making
prompt returns we hope to merit your patron-
age. Advances made when requested. Sten-
cils furnished— also printed instructions for
Packing and Shipping, giving valuable infor-
mation'gained by our experience in Shipping
Honej' by the Ton and in Carload Lots.

Correspondence, 'Visits and Consignments
Solicited, Address,

F. I. SAGE & SON,

183ReadeSt., - - NEW YORK, N. Y.

^^ No Consignments received at Wethers-
fleld. Conn.

Refehencer— Bradstreet's and Dunn & Co.'s
Commercial Reports, under \% etherisHeld^
<'ouii.^ heading, and the numerous Bee-Keep-
ers whose Honey we ha\e handled the past
12 years. 3SA16t

CHICAGO

prices for your
Produce.

Butter, Eggs, Poultry, Veal,

Hay, Grain, Wool, Hides,

Green and Dried Fruits,
Vegetables.

OR ANYTHING YOU MAVHAVMO US. We can sell your
shipments at the highest luarket price, and will
make you prompt returns. Write us for prices,
tags or any information you may want.

SUMIVIERS, MORRISON & CO..

Commission Merchants, 174 So. Water St., Chicago*
Keference Metropolitan National Bank.

*o AHt

THE TIRELESS TOILER FOR TRADE.

THRIFTY, SAVING!
PRUDENT

store-keepers of America, we appeal to your intelligent b
eye and comprehensive judgment as careful buyers, to 3
try us with one sample order for READY-MADE j
CliOTHIKG. We would like to have you con'pare our J
groods with any you have in your store from ether man- j
ufacturers. U the reader is not a merchant, please ask J
your dealer for garments bearing this well-known label:

IVe are willing to ship out Clothing on approval, and J
pay leturn charges on any goods you do not like after \
thf> are received. If our goods are not better made,,
bi t ter trimmed, better fitting, and from fifteen to forty }
\ r cent, cheaper than any other firm in America will /
sell lur, we will return your money. We turnourstock \
eight limes every year, and are satisfied with 5% proflf. i

TERMS, WHOLESALE ONLY, no discounts; net cash. |

ED. L. HUNTLEY & CO., Wholesale Tailors,

122 & 124 Market St.. CHICAQO, lU*. \

/.ot^^fCCtty^

REFERENCES.— First National Bank of Chi- ^
cago, capital 83.000,000; Cuiitiuental National Bank (
<ii Chicago, capital §2,000,000.

iSf/ici for our Illustrated Price List,

lUAly

THS^ m-mmRiQKn mmm joiiRriiEiu.

787

TH091AS «. NElrViuAH,

EDITOR.

.Toimi N07,29,1890, No. 48.

nnd if you want a motto,

To aid your pathway through
This life of double trouble

For me as well as you,
Why then I offer this one.

Although it is not new :
It's never trouble trouble.

Until trouble troubles you.

" Honey from the Rock of Ages," by
Rev. Albert Sims, of Otterville, Ont. (35
cents) , is a collection of practical stories.

Mr. Justus R. Van Deusen was

niarried to Miss Cora L. Bow man on Thurs-
day, Oct. 33, 1890, at Buel, N. Y.. This is
the junior member of the firm of J. Van
Deusen & Son, Sprout Brook, N. Y., manu-
facturers of the justly celebrated flat-bot-
tomed comb fojindation. We wish the
newly wedded pair much happiness and
prosperity.

This item should have been published
before this, but was over-looked in the
"rush " we have been in since the Conven-
tion, trying to catch up our work which
had to lay over during our absence.

We have Received a copy of a
new pamphlet of 150 pages, published by
Milton Weston, 149 Michigan Avenue,
Chicago, Ills., entitled, "World's Fairs
from London (1851) to Chicago (1893) by
C. B. Norton, illustrated with views and
portraits in the Maas art type." It con-
tains full particulars concerning the ten
World's Fairs which were held during the
past 40 years, and is illustrated with 30
full page engravings. Its beautiful pictures
are well worth preservation, and will cause
admiration to every beholder. A copy of
this V)Ook should be in every house in North
America.

The North Kmerican Bee-keepers'
Association is now of age. It celebrated
its aist birthday at Keokuk, Iowa, last
month. We have given over 70 columns
of a report of the proceedings of that Con-
vention— the largest ever published during
its whole existence. Our readers will
appreciate this, as they will all be able to
read a very full digest of all that was said
and done at that meeting.

Bro. Root has our thanks for the verj'
kind allusions contained in the paragraphs
copied below. Coming from such an ex-
cellent periodical as Oleanings hi Bee-
Calture, the commendation is all the more
appreciated. Apiarists have cause for
much congratulation upon the general
excellence of their periodical literature, as
well as the friendship and harmony among
the editors of the different bee periodicals.

Further particulars in regard to the mat-
ter will be found in the Ameuicas Bee
JouK.N'AL, as also a full report of the pro-
ceedings of the Convention, which we do
not give here, as we do not wish to have
our pages contain something that most of
our readers will see in the Ameku an* Bee

JOUKNAL.

I hope I may digress enough right here
to urge every reader of Gteoiwigs to sub-
scribe for the American Bee Journal at
once, if he does not now take it. Its editor
has perhaps done more to keep up our
conventions, report their proceedings, and
labor for the geuei'al interest of the bee-
keepers of America than any other one
among us. The field occupied is so differ-
ent from the one covered by Gleanings,
that you will not find much repetition^ if
you take the two.

Here is another thing that we want to
present to our readers, and we can do no
better than to give the following from
Oleanings iorNov. 15 ;

The Convention was one of the best I
ever attended. The attendance was not
only large, but our Western friends came
and handed in their dollars in order that
they might become members, more gen-
erally, I think, than in any other Conven-
tion I ever attended.

Perhaps I might mention right here, that
one of the troubles in our conventions is in
this very line. A good many attend every
session, take great interest in the proceed-
ings, and sometimes take part, to a consid-
erable extent, in the debates ; yet when the
call is made for the funds to keep up the
necessary expenses, in many localities
there has been considerable hanging back.

Dr. Miller, Dr. Mason, Prof. Cook, and
others, have urged so hard that every one
should hand in a dollar, that sometimes we
have almost had hard feelings in regard to
the matter. If we move our National Con-
vention all over the United States, or, at
least, over a great portion of it, as we have
been doing, it happens, as a matter of
course, that a great part of the members
(and oftentimes the presiding officers) are
made of people who never attended before,
and perhaps who may never attend again.
This seems a little unfortunate ; and yet if
all parts of the United States are equally
represented, it must be so, to a greater or
less extent.

During this last session, arrangements
were made whereby we might have a cer-
tain number, at least, who would be mem-
bers year after year, whether they could
be in attendance or not. This is secured
by making anybody a life-member upon the
payment of .*10.

If I am correct, the editor of the A.meki-
CA.v Bee JoLitSAi, was the first one to pay
$10 and become a life-member. Ernest
and I have also agreed to become life-mem-
bers, aud I said at the Convention that I
thought the United States should furnish
at least lio who would pay a like sum, and
hereafter be members for life.

Now, theu, who is there among our
readers who is ready to stand by us for the
purpose of making a permanent institution
of the North American Bee-Keepers' So-
ciety, as it is to be styled, in order that it
may stand on a permanent basis, and not
be left to be blown about by the wind, and
dry up and die like autumn leaves ?

It is proposed to have it incorporated
according to the laws of the United States,
and it seems to me this would be a very
sensible and wise proceeding.

These life-members will be the binding
link, and will insure premanency and
stability. The Association wiU be incor-
porated soon, and the life-members will be
the incorporators. {[^^ Let any one who
wants to share in this honor send ten
dollars to C. P. Dadant, the Secretary at
Hamilton, Ills., and be enrolled as a life-
member of the Association.

Editorial Courtesy. — This is what
the CatuuUan Dee Journal says about the
very inappropriate essay by the editor of
the Review, which was read at the Keokuk
Convention :

We defy anj- one to point out any way in
which we have ever written down other
people's hives or fixtures to boom our own.
The Canadian Bee Journal impartially
treats all subjects presented in its columns,
and is just as williugto permit good things
to be said of hives and fixtures sold by
competitors as to have such said of our own.

Yes,Brother Macpherson ; and they all do.
It was a great piece of foolishness to send
such an essay to a Convention. It was an
editorial written for the Review, and its
"personal chats" with subscribers, and
individual suggestions were totally out of
place at a Convention. But as Bro. Hutch-
inson was indisposed and "out of sorts,"
we must overlook his editorially-youthful
indiscretion, and cover it with the mantle
of charity. It was a mistake ; but it did no
harm. Of the editors present, not one
referred to his own publication, or tried to
outvie the other in anything. In fact, just
the opposite was the rule — practicing this
injunction : " In honor preferring one
another." With such a state of things
existing, the unfortunate essay was power-
less to do harm, and did not cause the least
ripple on the waters of cordiality.

Speaking of sending for a sample
copy of the Bee Journal, Brother Henry
.A.lley, in the Amo-lcan Apiculturist for
November, remarks as follows concerning
the Illustrated Home Journal :

By the way, reader, when cyou send for a
copy of the American Bee Journal, why
Dot, at the same time, enclose teu cents
and get the Illustrated Home Journal
three months '. We receive this publication
each month, and find its columns filled
with choice and interesting reading.

788

Tmm mmmmt^Mm mmm jQ-^fMifaiLf.

NOVEIVIBKR.

BY K. H. DISHL.

How study the beauties of Autumn,
On foliage, grasses and flowers ;
Vapidity soon will have caught 'em
Embraced within Winter's cold powers.
Magnificent views in their splendor
Bedeck ev'ry hillside in glory ;
Enjoy them with hearts true and tender.
Revere the great Source of their story.
Leesburgh, Ills.

—Illustrated Home Journal.

Father Langstroth has been again
heard from. The Keokuk Convention voted
to send him a reminder of its affection and
esteem, by requesting the Treasurer (E. R.
Root) to send him $50 from the treasury.
This was done, and his reply is as follows :

Deak Friexd Root ;— In reply to your
letter, inclosing a check for $50, sent to me
by request of the North American Bee-
Keepers' Association, recently held at
Keokuk, I would return my sincere thanks
for their very kind and helpful remem-
brance of their old bee-keeping friend. I
am still in a feeble and suffering condition,
although much better than I have been for
nearly two years. Thanking you for your
many acts of kindness in the past, I remain
Yours affectionately,

L. L. LanCtSTkotu.

Dayton, O., Nov. 7, 1890.

Columbian Fair.— The following
from Dr. A. B. Mason is of importance,
and we would call special attention to it :

ACBURSDALE, O., Nov. 17, 1890.
Friend Newman :— I sent a portion of my
address, read at Keokuk, to the Director-
General of the World's Columbian Fair,
and a part of the reply,received yesterday,
reads as follows :

In response, I have the honor to say, that
at the present time it is not possible to give
you definite information as to the plan of
organization of such a Department, further
than to say, that the bee-culture industry
will be amply provided for in the classifi-
cation of exhibits. Your letter will be filed
for consideration at an early date when
this subject is acted upon. I remain,
Yours very truly,
Geo. R. Davis, Director Ocncral.

I would like to suggest that the President
or Secretary of each State Bee-Keepers'
Association let me know, at once, about
the amount of space the bee-keepers of their
State will be likely to want at the Colum-
bian Fair.

I expect to ask for about 3,000 square
feet of space for Ohio, and if the other
States that should exhibit, will do so in
proportion, we shall need from 10,000 to
150,000 feet of space, and will " astonish
the natives" with the magnitude of the
display.

In a"P. S.," Gen. Davis says: "We
will soon send you classification and appli-

cation for space," so it will be seen there
is no time to lose.

Let each State Society at its next meeting
choose a committee to have charge of get-
ting up the State exhibit, and the securing
of an appropriation by their next Legisla-
ture to defray expenses, for it will take
money to make a creditable display.

If any one should write me for any infor-
mation they will do me a favor if they will
enclose one or more stamps for a reply ;
and then be sure and sign their name to
their letter. Yours very truly,

A. B. Mason.

Great and ">Vonclerful inventions
are just within sight, and more marvelous
ones are just beyond our ken. Conceriring
the former, the following from the last
number of Olcanings, relative to the late
visit of beekeepers to the Dadants, will be
read with interest :

The next day we visited the Dadants,
and saw their f actory f or^ the production of
the beautiful foundation that rivals any-
thing else made in the world, and I had
another treat. The Dadants have perhaps
the finest factory for foundation in the
world. Their output during 1890 was
something like 85,000 pounds, while our
own was only about 30,000 pounds.

" But why in the world, friends, do you
not use steam power, when you are doing
so large a business *"

Our good friend C. P. replied :

" Mr. Root, there is just one thing that
makes us hold on. A company is already
organized, w'ith a capital of two millions
of dollars, to take the Mississippi river at
the rapids, you observed, and make it turn
water-motors that shall move dynamos to
send electricity all over the surrounding
country, to furnish power wherever it is
needed ; and we would rather have a big
wire, and have the power, than to have a
steam-engine and be obliged to haul coal
away out here."

So you see, dear friends, what there is
before us in the future.

You may perhaps know that a company
has been incorporated under the laws of
New York, and they have already begun
the work of digging a very deep canal,
parallel with the rapids of the Niagara
river, for the purpose of taking advantage
of the great descent of the river here for
about half a mile above the Falls, and end-
ing near the base of the cataract. When
the full capacity of the fall is employed, it
is believed that it will be equivalent to
700,000 horse-power, and this at no ex-
pense save for repairs, as the supply is
jierfectly uniform the year round. To do
these great things, however, we must work
together. No man can accomplish any-
thing by being a Robinson Crusoe. AH
these great projects and movements are
the result of the combined efforts of great
numbers of earnest thinkers and workers.

Xlie "Farm-Poultry" is a 20 page
monthly, published in Boston, at 50 cents
per year. It is issued with a colored cover
and is finely illustrated throughout.

We have arranged to club the American
Bee Journal with the FaiTn-PouUry at
$1.35 per year for the two. Or with the
Jllustrateu Home Journal at $1.75 for
the three.

miES % MEFMES,

Do Queenless Colonies Gather
Pollen i

Written Jor the American Bee Journal

Query 740. — Do bees gather pollen when
they are queenless ? — Conn.

Yes. — Eugene Secor.

Yes. — C. C. Miller.

Yes. — J. M. Hambaugh.

Yes. — A. B. Mason.

Yes. — P. L. ViALLON.

Yes. — H. D. Cutting.

Yes, certainly. — R. L. Taylor.

Yes, sir. — J. P. H. Bkown.

They do. — M. Mahin.

Sometimes a little ; not much. — A. J.
Cook.

They do in my bee-yard. -J. E. Fond.

Very sparingly unless they have queen-
cells. — C. H. Dibbern.

Sometimes, to a limited extent, for a
short time. — Mrs. L. Harrison.

Yes. lots of it, as combs full of pollen in
queenless colonies testify. — G. M. Doo-
little.

Yes, but not as abundantly, nor in as
large loads as those that have queens. —
James Heddon.

Yes, if they have a drone-laying worker,
but they never gather much. — Dadant &
Son.

Yes ; but in small quantities if there is no
unsealed brood in the hive. If there is
plenty of unsealed brood, the bees gather
the usual quantity of pollen. — G. L. Tinker.

Yes ; but not always in a large quantity.
Last season, after the honey harvest was
over, I had several colonies to turn up
queenless, and I did not notice them until
about the time I was over looking my api-
ary preparatory to putting them in winter
trim. These queenless bees had nearly
ruined a lot of combs by crowding them
with pollen.— G. W. Demakee.

Yes ; but more sparingly than when a
queen is present— The Editor.

Frank Leslie's Illustrated News-
paper for the week ending Nov. 33, contains
interesting glimpses of Gov. Hill's home,
the new Executive Mansion, at Albany,
N. Y. It also illustrates Indian craze over
the new "Messiah," showing Sitting Bull
fomenting disaffection among the Sioux.
Other illustrations ei^brace sketches of the
Hospital for Crippled Children in New
York, the New Union League Club Build-
ing, in Brooklj-n, the busy East River front
of New York, and other subjects. The
leading contribution is an article on
" What is Volapuk ;" by Chas. E. Sprague.

^e'w Subscribers can have the Beb
Journal and the Illustrated Home Jour-
nal from now until the end of 1891 for
$1.35. This is a rare opportunity for club-
bing two valuable periodicals for a slight
advance upon the price of one, and getting
the rest of this year free.

irmm mjsokmwtic-mn mmu jQTjmnmi^.

789

Bird, Bee and Flower.

Not far from the door,

A sweet flower bell
Peeps forth from its stalk,

Of beauty to tell ;
A humming bird comes.

Sips daily, with glee,
For each other borii

They surely must be.

I hie me away

To others, with care,
But ere they are reached

The dear bird is there,
A-kissing each lip,

lu fancy, so tree !
For liirds those bright blooms

Most surely must be.

As up from the ground

A modest, young flower
First ventures to claim

Th' sunlight its dower,
'Tis quickly espied

With roUicksorae glee,
And blossom and bird

Each other's must be.

Oh ! rover, so gay,

In yonder fair dell,
A lover, more plain.

Is bound by the spell ;
And lover am I —

Thou plainly may'st see —
Of Flora's fair offspring

As well as the bee.

"We'll quarrel not o'er

These beauties of earth,
This brightness of bloom.

Where pleasure has birth ;
The heavens mete out

These treasures so free,
There's bounty enough

For bird, bee and me.
-Vick's ilontlilu. H. A. M.

EMPTY COMBS.

How to Store and Protect them
During the Winter.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY M^ J. DAVIS, 1st.

One feature of advanced bee-culture
is tlie proper care of all good worker-
combs in the brood-fiames, and all
white combs in tlie sections. If it be
a fact that 20 pounds of iioney are
consumed by the bees in the produc-
tion of one pound of wax. it follows
that one pound of new comb should
have the value of 20 pounds of honey ;
and every pound of such comb is so
much capital invested in the business ;
and every square inch of good comb
.shouhl be talien care of.

I am aware that some store reserve
combs in empty hives. * some hang
tliem in tlie cellar, and some store
them in paper saclcs ; but all of these
methods have tlieir objection of im-
proper ventilation, inconvenience, and
jci-upy too much room, especially

when one has from eight hundred to
twelve hundred to store away for the
winter.

I will briefly describe my method of
keeping them through the winter, and
if need be. through the summer, too,
secure from the attack of the wax-
moth. I have boxes made of three-
eighths pine boards, two feet loug, in-
side measure, and the proper width
for the length of the brood-frames.
The bottom box, for a pile, has a bot-
tom nailed on, and made deep enough
so that the bottom of the frame will be
about an inch from the bottom of the
box.

In one of the sides, a hole, about 6x8
inches, is sawed out and covered with
fine wire-cloth on the inside. This is
for ventilation.

Other boxes of the same size are
made witliout top or bottom, and piled
upon the first as high as the storage
room will admit, or the convenience
of the apiarist may suggest. The top
box should have a ventilator like the
bottom one, and the pile covered with
a suitable board. Combs thus venti-
lated will keep clean and sweet, if
stored in a suitable rooiu, provided
they have been cleaned up by the bees.
after the honey has been extracted.

Each two-foot box will hold 16
combs. In making such boxes, the
sides are dropped five-eighths of an
inch below the ends, to form the rab-
bets for the end of the top-bar. and a
three-eighths inch strip one and one-
fourth inches wide, nailed on each
side, even witli the ends, to make all
tight ; also a strip gne-half an inch
wide, nailed on the sides, at the bot-
tom, or lower edge of the box, to rest
on the 1} inch strip of the box under
it. An inch strip nailed across the
ends, near the top, for handles, is very
convenient.

I assort ni}' combs, placing those
that have the most pollen in a separ-
ate pile, for supplying those colonies
that require pollen in the spring, be-
fore the flow(u-s yield any.

The advantages of this style of
storage are :

The boxes are not expensive, are light
to handle, will last a life time, are
mouse-proof, and with pure Italian
bees to keejy the combs clean, are moth
proof, besides storing the largest
number of combs in a given space by
piling them up.

This season there ■will doubtless be
a large number of unfinished sections.
These should be passed through the
extractor, and the bees should be
allowed to clean them of every particle
of honey ; the propolis should be
scraped oft', and then packed in sec-
tion-cases for future use, secure from
mice and spiders.

Youngsville, Pa.

"WASHINGTON.

Bcc-€iiilure in thi§ IVew State
of the Nortli\ve§t.

Written Jor the American Bee. Journal

BY C. THEII.MANN.

This is my third trip to this great
resort in Washington, situated 16 miles
west of Spokane Falls. This lake has
great curative qualities for many dis-
eases. Some come here sick and go
away in a short time greatly improved,
and others in perfect health.

The country has greatly improved
since my first trip, eight years ago.
Spokane Falls was then a small town ;
now it is a large city with hundreds of
buildings in course of construction,
many of which are to be first-class
business houses, which will compare
favorably witli Eastern cities, and even
out-do some of them. The Opera House
cost .1350- 000.

Tlie falls of the Spokane River has
immense waterpower, and will be the
center of Eastern Washington ; there
is a big show of minerals and agricul-
tural products on exhibition here this
month, which is very good for a new
country.

Only one lot of honey is on exhibi-
tion, and that is shown by Rev. G. D.
Kimke, of Sprague, Lincoln county.
The honey is of fine quality, and
nearly white. I have taken interest,
as a bee-keeper, to visit Mr. Kimke at
his range, about 18 miles southwest of
this lake. I found him at his comfort-
able home on what is called Rock
Creek, but could not find water in it,
(as many of the creeks in this Big-Bend
country of the Columbia, disappear for
some distance, and come to the surface
again).

Mr. K. was much surprised and
happy to meet an Eastern bee-man.
He has a nice little apiary, and the
only one in this county. Last year he
had to feed his bees during the whole
season, on account of the great drouth.
This season he secured about lO
pounds of snrplus honey to the colony,
besides their winter stores of about 10
pounds each, which he says will be
enough, as their winters are shorter
than in Minnesota,

Mr. Kimke is working his bees on
scientific principles, and does not
think that over 50 colonies could be
profitably kept in one place, and eveu
then honey-producing plants should be
cultivated, of which he has already a
number of varieties, such as sweet
clover, spider-plant. Rocky Mountain
bee-plant, etc. He has on his own
laud some native Rocky Mountain
bee-plants, the only difference being
in the color of the bloom ; it is a pur-
ple ; he had also some blossoms of

790

THE MMERICJCr* BE® JQUKNJil^.

k^mk^^A^Amkt -^ '■ -^ ' ^^^-^ '•

plants with yellow flowers, which he
found in the Yekima countiy, on the
eastern slope of the Caskade ]\Ioun-
tains. All the kinds of this Rocky
Mountain bee-plant resemble each
other, except the color of the bloom.

The bees that rav son kept here in
1883 and 1884. averaged about 25
pounds of surplus, and increased from
2 to 3 colonies in the two seasons. On
the whole, it is doubtful whether bee-
culture could be made much of a suc-
cess in this Big-Bend countrj". except
in some favorable spots, as the whole
country is too drj-, and has not enougli
natural honey-producing trees and
plants. It is somewhat better for fruit-
growing than Minnesota, but it is a
farming country. It is too uneven and
spotted ; that is, rock, intermingled
with good land. My advice to every
one who has a good home and com-
fortable living, to stay and be con-
tented, and not listen to boomer's
stories.

Medical Lake, Wash.. Oct. 18, 1890.

SOMETHING- NEW.

The Queen-Reslrictor, and its
System of lUanagenient.

■ Written fnr the American Bee Journal

BY C. W. DAYTON.

This new apicultural fixture began
its existence in my apiary seven years
ago next March. At that time I was
looking for a practical device that
would confine the queen without cer-
tain portion of the hive, to avoid the
presence of brood in the surplus, and
the propagation of brood and bees to
support, when there was no expect-
ancy of there being any honey to
gather.

After some meditation upon the sub-
ject, the idea suggested itself to me.
instead of guarding apartments of the
hive from the queen, as is usually done,
why not restrain the queen from the
apartments ?

With this idea as an incentive, I
devised a fixture for this purpose.
After six years of study and experi-
ment upon the original fixture, during
which time it has often been added to
and improved, I give this description,
for the inspection of bee-keepers, of
an entirely new and original fixture to
be used in the apiary, and an entirely
new and original system of manage-
ment for the production of honey. I
say new and original, because the
method originated with me. and has
never before, so far as I can find out.
been published or practiced by any
person in the world.

I am convinced, from extended ap-
plication and tests, that with its help

more honey can be secured in better
shape, and with less labor, than can be
obtained by an}' other known method.

My idea, in the original conception,
was based upon the contraction of the
brood-nest without material change in
the usual hive-space.

That the queen may be likened to a
pivot which maj' admit of adjustment,
so as to turn the laws of the hive to
the apiarist's immediate advantage.

That honey should be stored as near
to the brood as is possible, and the
interference of the queen prevented by
establishing a defined limit to her
operations.

That the reversible hive is an idea
that is too broad ; and the reversible
frame an idea that is too narrow, for
practical, or practicable, application
or use.

Mj' experiments along this line have
been in an untraversed field ; and in
bringing out the "queen restrictor,"
is provided a gateway through which
others may enter for further explora-
tion and discovery.

The failure of queen-cells is accom-
plished by reversion, at a season prior
to the formation by the bees, of their
fixed notions of swarming. This
device may be reversed as simply and
as quickly as to reverse a single rever-
sible frame, and the time required is
about one hour for forty hives.

By reversing often, the bees get
queen-cells only started, and they are
then destroyed before thej' have set-
tled down to the idea that they must
swarm. It is of far greater advantage
to check the idea of swarming than to
prevent the issuance of the swarm, as
bees that prepare to swarm seldom
work, liut loiter around the hive while
honey in the flowers is going to waste.

By reversion, the combs are caused
to be extended to the bottom bars of
the frames, making it possible to get
as much brood in four or five combs as
is usuallj' contained in seven or eight.

There Is quite a difterence in opiniom
as to how much to contract the brood-
nest during the harvest, but one thing
Is certain that it Is very unprofitable

The accompanying engraving shows
my plan for fastening brood-frames
together, and the arrangement of strips
of perforated zinc at the bee-spaces,
and on the outside frames, altogether,
to form an apartment in which the
queen ma}' be confined upon a desired
number of brood-combs. The side-
sheet of zinc has been cut away to
show the operation and form of the
clasps that hold the strips of zinc
upon the frames. These clasps are
constructed of No. 14 wire, now, instead
of flat pieces of metal.

By this arrangement the queen may
be confined upon any desired number
of brood-combs, by lengthening or
shortening the claroplng-rod and re-
versing wires, as may be necessary.

By confining the queen upon four or
five combs she will keep them filled
solidly with brood, while the combs
that may be situated just outside of the
zincs will be tilled as thoroughly with
honey.

to have as uni-easonable an amount of
bi'ood as there often Is during the lat-
ter part of the honey harvest ; nor do
I want brood scattered through a whole
hive-full of combs. The aim is to have
few brood-combs, and those combs full
of brood, and the lombs for honey full
of honey. The plan of caging the
queen consists in attaching the two
sheets to the outside frames.

The narrow strips remain upon the
frames from Spring, or through the
winter, like a permanent attachment,
though they may lie removed at any
time a necessity occurs. Simply fasten
the side sheets in their allotted posi-
tions, and the queen is almost certain
to be on one of the combs which are
fastened together. 1 do not hunt for
the queen, nor clip the wings of the
queen. The next time the hive is
opened the few combs that remain
outside of the Eestrlctor will show
where the queen is. by the presence or
absence of fresh laid eggs.

XH® HMEJRIClSNt WMW JOURKKl.

791

Formei-ly, I practiced spreading tljc
brood, frame by frame, horizontallj'.
Now, it is performed by reversing the
Restrictor, and is performed without
tearing the brood-nests apart, to di.s-
courage the bees or chill the brood ;
but by their reversion, which is as
.simply and quickly done as to lift an
ordinary reversible frame from the hive
— turn it over and place in hive again.

The inversion places the empty cells
at the bottom of the combs, at tlie top
in the most inviting position to be
filled with eggs. As the honey, that,
before inversion, was above the brood
is now below, it will be moved above
again, leaving more empty cells to be
brought above to be filled with eggs.

The frame toji and bottom bars are
alike, without projecting arms, and.
when they are not in use in the
Restrictor, are provided with single
frame-reversing wires to hang upon
the rabbets, the same as other frames.

Up to swarming, or to the opening
of the honey harvest, the queen is
allowed the whole hive, including the
Restrictor, and by the time she fills
eight frames with brood, and attempts
to go outside the regular brood-combs
to lay eggs in drone-cells, it is time to
adjust the zincs for her restriction.

It should be observed that, with the
use of this contrivance, the regular
brood-combs only are ditierent from the
frames now in general use; and. by
arranging these, the most contractable.
reversible and exclusive system of
management possible may be practiced.

Perforated honey-boards are dis-
pensed with, and the sections or ex-
tracting-combs are filled in on both
sides of the Restrictor. or alternated
with the e.xtra brood-combs, and if the
combs contain drone-cells, it is all the
same, for the queen does not get the
chance to lay eggs in them.

The invention of the Restrictor was
an easy matter, but it has taken me
year after year of study and experi-
ment to discover the uses to which it
might be put.

Clinton. Wis., Oct. 15. 1800.

BEES ON TRIAL.

Tlic Farcical Oiilcomc of the
Expcrimciil.

Translated for the AvicHcan Bee Journal

BY REV. STEPHEN KOESE.

It seems war is not waged in this
country alone against bees and bee-
keepers, but in the old fatherland also.

In Alsace-Lorrain. the one-fifth ter-
ritory taken from France by Germany,
at the close of the Franco-Prussian
war. in 1870, and annexed to Germany,
quite recently a rich castle-owner.

with eight prominent nurserymen,
filed a bitter complaint against bees
and bee-keepers before the Ijcgislature
of Alsace-Lorrain. stating that bees,
when honey-))asture gets short, throw
themselves upon fruit and crops, cau.s-
ing great destruction of the same. The
petitioners pray for the Legislature to
enact laws to restrict the increase of
colonies in that Province, to a certain
number.

Representative Adam presented the
petitions of the eight nurserymen,
which were referred to a commission
that reported that the ))etitioners were
laboring under mistaken ideas, and
were blaming bees for what wasps,
sparrows, ants, and rains wei'e doing.
Bees having no teeth would suck only
the juice of fruit and crops, after such
had been pecked and eaten by wasps,
ants and sparrows.

A hot debate ensued on both sides.
Representative Gunsert claimed that,
according to the newly-enacted law on
apiculture, in 1888. the number of
colonies could not be limited in any
apiary, and as it was a further proven
fact that bees had proved a blessing,
instead of an injury, in regard to ferti-
lizing fruit and tlower blossoms.

Representative Wehrang said, "I
cannot see why the number of colo-
nies of bees should be reduced in this
Province, because some citizens claim
that they do injury to fruit. Whj" is it
that fruit-growers are practical apiar-
ists at the same time, and keep their
hives right under the shade of their
fruit-trees ? Because fruit and crops
have been injured bj- wasps, ants,
sparrows, or rain, and bees have been
seen only to suck them, in other coun-
tries ! The Governments, like Baden,
protect and aid apiculture by 3.100
marks annually, and shall we aid in
putting it down ?"

Under-Secretary Von Schrant spoke
earnestly, saying : •• It seems that the
cause of apiculture has found more
defenders in this body than friends for
the petitioners. We have called for a
discussion on the subject, and the
majority seems to be in favor of clear-
ing the bees from the criminal accusa-
tions, as fruit and crop destroyers. The
law of 1888 restricted bees to a certain
distance from highways and dwelling
houses ; and the alleged crime of bees,
that thej- suck the juice of the already-
destroyed and spoiling fruit, the work
of ants, wasps and sparrows, is not so
great after all. Factories are turning
our beautiful cities into smoke-nests."'

After this speech Representative
Ostermeier withdrew his motion, and
the proposition of the commission was
accepted, that the honey-bees should
not be restricted in their rights at
present! as the earth has room for all.

Maiden Rock. Wis.. Oct. 26. 1800.

EXPERIENCES.

II|>M and Downs of Apiculture.

Written for the American BeeJov/mal

BV W. L. MARSHALL.

Almost everybody and everything,
in this mundane world of ours, have
their ups and downs. The merchant,
the miller, the farmer — -yes. and even
the bee-keeper — and no doubt the edi-
tor can call to mind some time in the
past when he has been badly downed.
and. may be. he has had some of the
"ups" in times past, so that he can
think aod hope, and hope and think,
that still there may be some ■• ups " for
him yet.

Almost every one will remember the
first colony. This first colony is, in
ni}' opinion, the bee-keeper's first
'■ up." Then the new ideas and in-
ventions which work their way into
his swollen head are his first "downs."
If he is successfnl in getting his new
inventions before the public, there is
ninety-nine chances out of everj' hun-
dred that the many who are foolish
enough to invest in the so-called new
invention get badly downed.

Well, 1 keep bees, and you will not
be surprised if I should tell j-ou
that I have had my • • ups " and
•downs." About six years ago I
bought my first colony of bees, and
many happy hours I spent that sum-
mer lying in front of the hive and
watching the loads of (supposed)
honey which the busy little workers
carried on their legs. In my dreams I
could hear the humming of the same,
and also the puffing of the engine in
my new hive-factory, turning out hun-
dreds of hives, and thousands of sec-
tions each day- Great slacks of comb-
honey stood before me. selling at 25
cents per 14 ounces.

I also dreamed that mj- head was a
foot-ball, being kicked around by the
bad boys of the town. But my vision
vanished with the darkness, (that is,
all but the foot-ball part), and I found
mj-self calling for one drop of water to
sooth ni}' swollen head.

But times have changed. My one
colony of inferior hybrids has changed
to fifty colonies of beautiful Italians.
My wonderful alternating, convertible,
double-walled hive has changed to the
simple dovetailed-hive. witliout honey-
boards, using thick top-bars to prevent
brace-combs. And I am keeping bees
on the Dr. Miller common-seuse plan.
These have been my •• ups."

And now. friends, let me tell you that
the worst I have ever been 'downed"
since I commenced keeping bees was.
when I destroyed three beautiful Ital-
ian queens, in order to test the wonder-
fully prolific Carniolans. I found that

792

•rmm mmt-mmicm'm wmm joismmmi^.

in this locality these were not to
be compared with the Italians in any
way. And in the same apiary, and
under the same conditions, they were
badly 'downed" by the Italians. I
also notice, upon reading Mrs. Harri-
son's article on page 728, that the
whole State of Illinois has been
•downed," and Iowa is allowed to,
carr}- oft' the " blue," at the State Fair.

The Nebraska bee-keepers do not
allow any such thing to happen, and
when Iowa comes to our State Fair
with their fancy gilt pails, they siniph-
say, •' It is of no use, as our products
will not compare with this wondeiful
displaj'. We will have to gw to the
Illinois State Fair in order to keep up
our reputation as honey-producers."
Why, Mrs. Harrison, do you doubt that
that grain was raised in Nebraska ?
What surprises me is, that yOur people
do not send here for more grain, fat
hogs, horses and cattle — j-es, and bees
and honey, in order to make a State
Fair worth seeing. And we also have
a little woman out at Columbus, who
keeps bees, and we think that by fol-
lowing her example, some of you big
Eastern bee-keepers might profit
thereby.

Crab Orchard, Nebi'.

BEE-ESCAPES.

The History of their Invention
and Practieal Use.

Written for Vie American Bee Journal
BY C. H. DIBBEBN.

On page 649 of the Bee Journal for
Sept. 27, Mr. S. A. Shuck has an arti-
cle on this subject that is misleading,
if not entirely unfair. As to the in-
vention of the old vertical, cone es-
capes, I have neVer claimed anything,
although I tried in various w.ays to
improve them. Though Mr. Reese's
claim to it has been disputed, I think
ic justly belongs to liim. But this and
all other escapes for the .purpose of
freeing surplus-supers of bees, were
defective, and unsati.sfaetory up to the
time I brought out my horizontal bee-
escape, as described on page 798 of
the American Bee Journal for 1889.

Up to this time. Nov. 15, 1889, no
similar escape had ever been described
in any of the bee-papers, or had ever
been used by other bee-keepers, to
my knowledge, and I therefore claim
that I am the original and only inven-
tor of the horizontal bee-escape. Mr.
Keesc has conceded this point, but
claims to have improved it by placing
it inside the board.

When it is remembered that I de-
scribed my first device to him, which
was a horizontal escape, placed inside

the space usually occupied by the
board, and afterwards described my
later design, it became an easy matter
for him to unite the two, and claim it
as an improvement.

It is true that some of my first de-
signs did not prove entirely satisfactory
to me. although they worked as well
as any other that were then making
an appearance. I had secured pat-
terns of all the escapes I could get,
but somehow some of the inventors
were very shy of me, and failed to
send me their models or descriptions.
Those I did get were of no use to me.
as they proved entirely unsatisfactory.

After many e.xperiments during
warm weather. I hit on my present
escape, and not as Mr. Shuck states.
patterning after all others. Now. as
a matter of fact, my escape is entirely
difl'erent from all others,

Mr. Shuck tries hard to make his
readers believe that my new escape
will not clear a super of bees in from
two to three hours. He states that I
must have a different race of bees
from his, as his escape will not clear
the cases, dtiring the working season,
in less than three or four times that
long. Now, mine has continued to
do this right through the season, and
it has never faih^d to do the same for
others, that I have heard of. Strange,
is it not ?

Well, I should say that Mr. Shuck
has very •' contrary " bees, or else his
escape is of but little account. Mr.
Shuck pretends to know all about my
escape, and intimates that it is 'no
good," and at the same time admits
that when a friend oftered him one of
my old style escapes for trial, he was
so prejudiced that he would not
take it.

Now*, what is all this malice that; con-
stantly crops out in Mr. Shuck's article
about ? What have I done to make me
the target for articles like his ? I have
freely given the bee-fraternity an in-
vention, that in other occupations
would have been worth thousands of
dollars. I could have patented my
first device, and it would have covered
the entire ground. This I did not care
to do. as I wanted bee-keepers to have
the invention at once, and to have it
free. All that I ever asked was, that
I have the credit of having invented
the Horizontal Bee-Escape.

Why, then, should sucli men as I\Ir.
Shuck, tiy to make out that somebodj'
else invented it, or to belittle the in-
vention ? Ml'. Shuck claims great
things for a little escape that he says
he can carry in his pocket, being only
11x2} inches. M}' experience is that
such small escapes are a failure. But
allowing it to be a success, is it not
a horizontal escape, and would it not
come under my claims ? Ordiuarily

one would think that he need not lay
awake nights to defend what he had
given away, but such does not yet
seem to be the case.
Milan. Ills.

"WINTERING.

Methods of Wintering Bees In.
Doors and Out.

Read at the Southwestern Wis.Convention

BY CHAS. E. ZILLMER.

Wintering bees is one of the most
important things in bee-keeping. la
this locality I prefci- in-door wintering.
By in-door wintering, I mean to put
the bees into a good cellar, where the
thermometer will not go below 45
degrees.

In the first place the colony must be
well supplied with young bees, that is
bees that hatch out in October. When
I have a strong colony to' begin the
winter with, and all are old bees, I am
sure to lose them. I have wintered
quite small nuclei with success, while
the strong colonies of old bees, as a
general thing, came out weak in the
spring, and kept on dwindling.

This shows very plainly that the old
bees cannot endure the cold spring
days that we are almost sure to have
in March and April. Then what must
we do to have young bees to go into
winter quarters ? If we have a late
Fall, and there is honey enough com-
ing in to keep up breeding, it is not
necessary to feed tlmni ; if it is other-
wise, the bees should be fed just
enough to keep up breeding. No mat-
ter how strong the colony is. if the
bees are all old. the colony is not fit to
go into winter quarters.

It is not necessary to feed long be-
fore the bees are put into the cellar ;
just enough to give them time to hatch
out a good supply of j-oung workers,
before they go into the cellar.

I would not have much brood in the
combs when I put them in the cellar ;
for it is sure to disturb them, when in
the cellar, with brood hatching. About
the last of September is the right time
to feed bees in this locality, if feeding
is necessary. I have had success in
wintering bees when they were young.
We often wonder why one colony win-
ters better than another. It is on ac-
count of the age of bees, and hence we
must have young and vigorous bees to
go through the long and trying winter,
and most of all in tlie Spring months.
When the bees are old and feeble.
they die before the brood hatches. If
thej' were young bees they would stand
it all right. I say this, for I have had
experience with young and small colo-
nies, and have had strong ones, only

THB fEMERICKrf BE® JOUmffKI^.

793

- — ■ » .^ ^ -^ - ^^^.^»^j— »— »^^^ ^^_^ ^ ^ ^ -^ ^ 1^ ^ ^ ^

the bees were olil. and the small colo-
nies would get ahead of the strong.
but old ones, every time.

The next point is, we must have
good honey for winter stores. I pre-
fer nice, sealed basswood honey for
winter, although nice, ripe buckwheat
will do. I have had success with feed-
ing granulated sugar early enough, so
that the bees could seal it before much
cold weather came. But good bass-
wood honey is my preference. We
must have good honey. With a colony
■of young workers, about 30 pounds of
nice, ripe honey, and a good, dry
cellar, well ventilated, are desirable
conditions in order to successful win-
tering. I can winter a colony of bees
just as easily as I can a cow or a
horse.

In this locality I prefer in-door win-
tering. A good dry cellar is the best
for such purpose, as it keeps the even-
est temperature, while a building is
more or less subject to changes. We
always have a warm spell in February,
and the bees in a house would be sure
to be arouserl, while those in a cellar
would be perfectly dry.

After this warm spell we generally
have more winter, and this is death to
the bees out-of-doors, or in a house —
while those iu a cellar would know
nothing of such changes. In a locality
where the winters are steady, I should
prefer a bee-house, as I think it could
he kept much drier than a cellar. But
for this locality, I would take the
cellar every time.

In wintering bees out-of-doors, I
have not had much experience ; but in
the winter of 1888, I had 10 colonies
left over that I did not have room for
in the cellar, and so I left them out-of-
doors. I set them close together, and
put corn-straw around them. In the
spring, when I opened them, 3 colonies
were dead, and the rest were very
weak and diseased. The 3 died of
■diarrhea. Then I began to take those
in the cellar out. These were strong,
not having had the least bit of diar-
rhea. I had 35 colonies in the cellar.
and only one was dead, and that died
of old age. The rest came out strong,
while those wintered out-doors were
weak, and dwindled away to almost
nothing.

The same winter I had three Root
chafl'-hives. Two of the colonies in
them died of diarrhea, and one came
out very weak, and about worked up
to a full colony by the Fall ; while
those wintered in the cellar, iu Sim-
plicity hives, gave me 2 swarms each,
and about 125 pounds of extracted
honey to the colon)'.

One thing I do not like about the
chafi'-hive is, that the bees keep in too
long in the morning, while the other
colonies would be at work, from 1 to

1.5 hours sooner than those in the
chatt-hives.

As far as heat is concerned, the
chaff-hives do not let it in as quickly
as do others. But when the heat does
get in, it stays there ; and the bees in
them consumed from 20 to 25 pounds
more of honey during the winter than
those wintered in a cellar. In single-
walled hives the cost is about half as
much as it would be in a chaff-hive,
and j'ou will save enough honey on 50
colonies, wintered in a cellar, in one
year, to build a good cellar ; while
those wintered out-of-doors will con-
sume from 15 to 20 pounds more than
those in the cellar.

Quite a sum can be saved on 100
colonies wintered in a cellar. Besides,
the bees come out in better condition.
The winters iu this loealitj' are too
cold for out-door wintering. We some-
times have three weeks of steady, cold
weather, so cold that bees would starve
out-doors on account of not having life
enough to eat ; while those in the cel-
lar would be nice and warm, with lots
of life, and not eat very much, either.

Those out-doors, on the contrary,
would have to eat all they could hold,
in order to keep up h'eat. This is al-
most sure to give them the diarrhea.
No out-door wintering for me. iu this
locality, and I believe all the bee-keep-
ing friends will agree with me.

Wauzeka, Wis.

FLORIDA.

Tlie Hoiiey-Producins Flora of
lliat State, etc.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY WM. M. CRUTCHEE.

and llio woods are yellow with it at
that time. After partridge-peas are
gone, bees get honey from almost ao}-
thing, and the saw-grass I referred to
above. As to the queen laying after
palmetto has bloomed, she only lays
enough eggs to keep the colony
strong.

The bees can get a good living here
in the summer and Fall without much
or any feeding, in tlie high pine-land.
It is much better I suppose in other
parts of the State.

My bees are hybrids, but they are
very docile and easy to handle. I can
put ray hand on the entrance, and they
do not offer to sting at all.

Bee-keeping would not pay in this
part of Florida, unless one had from
100 to 200 colonies. Bee-keeping and
orange growing would go well to-
gether, as a business. My advice to
any one that wants to come to Florida
to live is, to first come and see if you
like the country. A good many people
have been badly deceived by -'land
sharks " here.

Zellwood, Fla.

Since writing, on page 644, we have
had a light honey-flow, and the bees
have tilled the hives nearly full of
honey — enough to winter on, and they
are still at work. They are gathering
it from the saw-grass marsh of Lake
Apopka, about a mile from our place.
I do not know from what plant they
are gathering the honey; it is thin, and
of amber color.

I was glad to see, on page 695, I\Ir.
Fisher defend orange-blossom honey ;
it is certainly fine honey. Mr. Fisher
said he would like to have me or some
other bee-keeper give information on
this subject to the readers of the Bee
JouKNAL. My experience is limited,
and so I cannot tell much. After the
palmetto stops blooming, there is no
other houey-liow to amount to much.

Bees make a living from various
wild tiowers after palmetto. Partridge-
peas are said to produce honey, but I
have failed to see any gathered from
it yet. It blooms in July and August,

COMB-HONEY.

My Hive and Method of Man-
agement.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY FR.4NK COVEKDALE.

The inquiry comes to me, •■Will not
the bees carry pollen into the sect-
ions ?" If the sections are exposed to
the brood-chamber. I answer. Yes. If
a small opening, only, is allowed, I
say. No.

Now. that I may try and benefit the
reader, as I keep no secrets to myself,
because in so doing, I but stand in my
own light, I will say that my hives
are Root's 8-frame Langstroths, just
one foot wide, cleated bottom-board,
with one board for top. with cleated
ends. The section-holders are of the
same dimensions, outside measure, as
the hives.

The Root section-holders are used in
the same, only that I nail on an addi-
tional top of the same size as the
bottom, making a strong and complete
one-tier, wide frame. Six frames, 1-;-
inches in width, are just right.

A follower is used. I take a com-
mon house-siding for the purpose,
because it is just right to tighten this
follower. I have used both screws
and wedges, and I think a properly-
made wedge is to be preferred. Of
course, the bees will stick wax around
this wedge, to some extent, though it
has uot yet given me much ti-ouble.
I think that a' wedge in the center is
sufficient.

794

Itmm fEMMMICME* BE® JQilSKHSILr.

Where screws are used at each end
andtop.it would allow rain to blow in at
the square joint ( which sometimes
does occur), then the vvide frames
will swell and be apt to make some-
thing give. Therefore. I prefer a
wooden wedge in the center of the
follower ; this will hold tightly, and
the wedge will slightly spring the
follower at the center, and if rain
should get in at either end, it will
give and do no harm to the case.

This wedge is sure to keep open a
bee-space between the follower and
case, which I consider of much im-
portance. Behind the follower is
formed a passage-way for the bees to
pass from the hive wheie the queen is,
to the story from whicli the swarm
first issued.

The oil-cloth spoken of on page KiO,
may now form a complete inner cover
between the bees and the brood-comb
above, thus allowing no travel over
any part of the section-honey, but
over a space formed for that purpose.
The operator must exercise a liberal
amount of judgment in regard to the
putting on of section cases. When
storiticd, I generally put on the uutin-
ished sections that were on the old
colony before swarming, and one
empty case of sections beneath the
former, and if I think best, still
another.

Now. then, the reader will have an
idea of the hive I use. It is in every
way interchangeable, but not reversi-
ble. That I may have full control of
the bees is the point that I most
earnestly hope to accomplish, and trust
that the reader will be benefitted from
what I have written.

I do not know that my plan is
altogether new. but when I caught a
glimpse of it, from such men as G. L.
Tinker. Jas. Heddon and others I might
mention. I was to some extent filled
with enthusiasm, which still stays with
me. By this plan the bees are exempt
from the swarming fever, a thing so
desirable in producing comb-honey.

If one does not wish to use. or have.
a peforated wood -zinc honey-board,
and have it so arranged, it is not
necessai'y. A strip of peforated zinc
can be tacked on tlie full length of the
case, one inch wide, along the under
side of the same, and extend through
under the follower-board, thus fasten-
ing the queen below.

This last idea has just suggested
itself to my mind, but the query is.
whether the queen may not try to
work her way through the strip of
zinc, and thus loiter around the sec-
tions ? Or, will the bees have any
influence, thi'ough the oil-cloth above
the sections, to cau.se her to lay eggs
there ? I rather think not. Let us
liear from others on this important

point. However. I do not consider
the peforations anj' hindrance to the
prosperity of the bees.
Welton, Iowa.

INTERNATIONAL.

Report of the Business, Speeches
and Discussions.

Written for theAnicrtcan Bee Journal
BY C. P. DADANT.

HONEY PLANTS.

A member^Will it pay to plant for
honey ?

Dr. Miller — Some weeds are fit for
nothing but honey-producing, and we
can direct bee-keepers to the places
where they grow abundantly, but it
certainly does not pay to grow these
plants for honey alone.

Question ; "Is the Chapman honey-
plant really worth cultivation ?''

A. I. Root — The Chapman honey-
plant gives lots of honey, but I do not
believe it will pay to plant it. Better
go where honey-plants grow naturally.
Dr. Miller — I do not believe the
Chapman honey-plant produces as
much honey as it has credit for.

A. N. Draper — I have seen a Rockj-
Mountain bee-plant with o5 bees on it
at one time, and have noticed that the
bees filled up their hives very rapidly
on it. where a great dpal was grown.

L. C. Axtell — Bees work hard on the
Chapman hone3'-plant. and get a great
deal of honey from it. but I do not
believe it will pay to grow it; even
buckwheat does not pay as a honey-
plant, as it is not regular in its yield.
Even white clover often fails, as a
honej-plant. when the gi'ound is cov-
ered with its bloom. I have seen times
when there was considerable honey,
when the blossoms were not as abun-
dant as usual. It depends altogether
on atmospheric circumstances.

Dr. Miller said that there were sev-
eral kinds of Spanish-needles, and
a.sked which furnislied the most honey.
J. M. Hambaugh said that it was the
kind that produced the wide Ijurr, that
gave the honey.

A. N. Draper said that the Spanish-
needles from whifji his bees harvested
ho'iej'. had no burrs at all.

Daniel E. Robbins. of Payson. Ills.,
said that he believed that there was
not any difference between the Spanish-
needles, except that which was caused
by the different circumstances of their
growth. Where the plants grew very
thick, they had no burrs ; while, in
other places, burrs were very large.

H. Kellogg, of Alexandria. Mo., said
that the .Spanish-needles that produced
honey liad petals, exactly in the shape
of those of the sunflower.

J. M. Hambaugh said that his bees
gathered very large crops of honey from
the Spanish-needles. One colony had
harvested 73 pounds from it. in 5 days.

W. F. Clarke asked A. I. Root
whether there were any Spanish-need-
les in Ohio ?

A. I. Root — Yes. in swampy places.

Mrs. Hollingsworth — Heart's-ease
generally gives a great deal of honey,
but this year there was very little from
it. Why ?

J. D. Adams — For the same reason
that other flowers failed in their yield.
The weather was against it. I have
not seen any flowers but what will
pi'oduce honey, under very favorable
circumstances, while none will yield
any. in bad seasons.

SUGAR SYRUP FOR WINTER FOOD.

A. O. Calhoun, of Victor. Mo., said :
■■ We are engaged in the production
of honey. May we not infer from
what has been said, that it would pay
to take off the honej' and feed back
sugar syi-up ?

A. I. Root — I would not advise any
man to take oft" hone}-, so as to feed
sugar syrup. Besides the trouble of
extracting the honey and feeding, there
is a loss in the secretion of wax. which
is sure to follow, and there would
have to be a big difterence between
the price of honey and that of sugar.
Do not take oft' the honey to feed
sugar. Let it alone.

INTRODUCING VIRGIN QUEENS.

A member asked : Can an apiary
be Italianized by daubing a young
queen with hone}', and then dropping
her into a colonj' just after a swarm
has issued ?

After some discussion it was said
that a virgin queen was intended by
tlie one who asked the question.

Eugene Secor thought that it would
work, but he was not sure that the
young qneeo would destroy the queen-
cells, and. in such a case, the bees
might swarm again with this young
queen.

Dr. Miller thouglit it would work,
but in many cases he thought bees
acted like the mule of which Josh
Billings said : "If you want it to stay
in the field, put it in your neighbors'
field, and let it jump in."

President Taylor said that there was
no necessity of daubingher with honey,
and that if she was introduced at once,
after swarming, before the colony re-
cuperated its numbers by hatching
bees, the bees would tear down its
queen-cells.

CLOSE SPACING FOR BROOD-FRAMES.

A. N. Draper said : "This season I placed

9 frames in the brood chamber, and only 8

frames in each of the two upper stories.

All the hives were of the same pattern, 12

TH® JiMEKICaif WMM JQiUJiMnM.!^.

795

*■ -^ -^ -* — • -^ "

inches wide, inside. Other years I placed
only 8 frames in the brood-chamber. In the
fall after extracting, I frequently found the
brood-nest in the middle, and sometimes in
the upper story ; 9 frames in the lower story
have a tendency to hold the cluster there.
I shall try placing 8 frames in the lower
and upper stories, and 9 frames in the
middle, next summer, and see if the bees do
not prefer close spacing for brood-nest."

CARBOLIC ACID.

L. C. Axtell used carbolic acid to
stop bees from i-obbiug weak colonies.
Sometimes, when working with bees,
when uo honey is coming in. it will
start robbing quite livel)^ If we take
a bunch of grass and wet it. then take
the cork out of the bottle of acid
and turn it up a time or two against
the grass, then mix the grass, through
and through, to even it up. then place
it around the entrance of the hive— the
robbers will disappear. Rub the combs,
and around the top, with the grass.

A. N. Draper used carbolic acid to
keep the bees from a watering well,
and also on robber cloths while ex-
tracting, and had no trouble.

Dr. Miller asked if there was any
unpleasant odor left.

Mr.Draper said : Yes, for a day or two.

STATISTICS.

The reports being very incomplete,

it was decided not to insert them in

detail. Fifty of the bee-keepers

present, reported their colonies and

crop as follows :

No. of rnlonies. Fall of 18»9 4,8=3

No. of Colonies, SpriDg of ls9li 4.765

No. of Colonies. Kail of 1890 6,050

No.of Swarms. ISEKi 685

No. Pounds of E-xtracted Uoney 46,125

No. Pounds of ('oinb Honey 33,85o

No. Pounds of Beeswax 535

AFFILIATED ASSOCIATIOXS.

Northern Ills. Bee Keepers' Association.
Illinois Union Bee-Keepers' Association.
Iowa State Bee-Keepers' Association.
Ohio State Bee-Keepers' Association.
Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association.
Missouri State Bee-Keepers' Association.
S. W. Wis. Bee-Keepers' Association.
Wis. State Bee-Keepers' Association.

DELEGATES.

P. Baldwin, Independence, Mo.

J. W. Bitleubender, Knoxville, Iowa.

W. F. Clarke, Guelph, Ont.

W. S. Dorn Blasor, Higginsville, Mo.

E. B. Gladish, Higginsville, Mo.

R. B. Leahy, Higginsville, Mo.

R. McKnight, Owen Sound, Ont.

Dan Shank, Clayton, Ills.

ANXUAL MEMBEKS.

John D. Adams, Nira, Iowa.

A. E. Ault, North Liberty, Iowa.

L. C. Axtell, Roseville, Ills.

L. W. Baldwin, Independence, Mo.

J. W. Barlow, Belfast, Iowa.

E. J. Baxter, Nauvoo, Ills.

L. B. Bell, Brecksville, Ohio.

W. E. Bell, Dounellson, Iowa.

Geo. Bishoff, Burlington, Iowa.

J. Blanchard, Brimfield. Ills.

Levi Booth, Denver, Colo.

A. O. Calhoun. Victor, Mo.

M. M. Callen, Moravia, Iowa.

Chas. Dadant, Hamilton, Ills.

C. P. Dadant, Hamilton, Ills.

A. N. Draper, Upper Alton, Ills.
Joseph Dunbar, Mt. Sterling, Ills.
P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
W. J. Finch, Chesterfield, Ills.

B. W. Flanagan, Rutledge, Mo.

E. T. Flanagan, Belleville, Ills.
Wm. Fulton, Keokuk, Iowa.
J. M. Hambaugh, Spring, Ills.

C. E. Hargrave, Lacey, Iowa.
John Harlan. Hillsboro, Iowa.

F. M. Hart, Traver, Calif.

S. P. Heacock, Chillicothe, Iowa.

Wm. Hill, Prophetstown. Ills.

Mrs. Z. HoUingsworth, Montrose, Iowa.

R. F. Holtermaun, Romney, Ont.

H. Kellogg, Alexandria, Mo.

G. H. Knickerbocker, Pine Plains, N. Y.
J. B. Lindle, Muscatine, Iowa.

Wm. Lyon, Burlington, Iowa.
Dr. A. B. Mason, Aubuindale, O.

D. W. McDaniel, Hamilton, Ills.
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, Ills.
Rev. E. Milleson, Denver, Colo.
Chas. F. Muth. Cincinnati, Ohio.
John Nau, Middletown. Iowa.
John Nebel, High Hill, Mo.
Howard Ogle, Paloma, Ills.

A. Osborn, Mystic, Iowa.

Dr. Jesse Oren, Mount Auburn, Iowa.

E. C. Porter, Lewistown. Ills.
J. T. Powell, Rutledge, Mo.
W. Riley, Breeds, Ills.
Daniel E. Robbins, Payson, Ills.
W. J. Roberts, Keokuk, Iowa.

A. I. Root. Medina, O.
Ernest R. Root, Medina, O.

F. W. Schafer, Eddyville, Iowa.
Eugene Secor, Forest City, Iowa.
S. A. Shuck, Liverpool, Ills.

W. H. Smith, Burlington, Iowa.
S. Glen Spencer. Payson, Ills.
J. P. Snyder, Breeds. Ills.
Henry Stewart. Prophetstown, Ills.
J. C. Stewart, Hopkins, Mo.

B. Taylor, Forestville, Minn.
R. L. Taylor, Lapeer, Mich.
J. A. Thornton. Lima, Ills.

C. B. Turner, Keokuk, Iowa.

J. VanDeu.sen. Sprout Brook, N. Y.
August Wadartz, Burlington, Iowa.
B. Wells, Fostoria, Ohio.
H. Weyand, Keokuk. Iowa.
J. S. Willard, Bedford, Iowa.
Geo. B. Worthen. Warsaw, Ills.
Jesse Worthen, Warsaw, Ills.

LIFE MEMBERS.

D. A. Jones, Beeton, Ont.
Thomas G. Newman, Chicago, Ills.

Mrs. L. C. Axtell, Roseville. Ills.
Mrs. E. Baxter, Nau^joo, Ills.
Mrs. M. P. Bell, Donnellson, Iowa.
Mrs. Fannie Berthe, Winona. Minn.
Mrs. Levi Booth, Denver, Colo.
Mrs. L Harrison, j -foria, Ills.
Mrs. Z. HoUingsVvcyth. Montrose, Iowa.
Mrs. C. S. Jackson, Sigourney, Iowa
Mrs. E. J. McGavie, Keokuk, Iowa.
Mrs. L. J. Milleson, Denver, Colo.
Miss Cora Powell, Rutledge, Mo.
Mrs. John Springer, Fostoria, Ohio.
Mrs. Geo. B. Worthen, Warsaw, Ills.

HONOBARY .MEMBERS.

*F. W. Vogel, Lekmanshofel. Prussia.
Kev. George Kleine, Luethorst. Prussia.
♦Andreas Schmidt, Eichsliiilt. Bavaria.
Rev. John Dziorzou, Karlsmarkt, Silesia.
' *Baron A. Von Berlepsch, Munich, Bavaria.
Baroness L. Von Berlepsch, Munich, Bavaria.
*Prof. C. T. E. VnnSiebold. Munich, Bavaria.
*Major F. Von Hruschka. Dolo, Italy.
I)r. A. Dubini. Milan. Italy.
Visconti De Saliccto. Milan. Italy.
Rev. L. L. Langstroth. Dayton, O.
*Saniuel "Wagner. Washington. D. C.
*M. Quinby. St. Johnsville. N. Y.
L. Gerster, Berne, Switzerland.
*T. W. Woodbury. Mount Kadt'ord, England.
Mrs. F. A. Dunham, Ue Pore, Wis.
T. F. Bingham, Abronia, Mich.

E. Bert rami, Nyon, Switzerland.
Frank U. Cheshire, l<c)iif1on, England.
Kev. Wm. K. Clarke, Guelph. Ont.
Prof. C. V. Kilev. Washington, D. C.
Hon. Eilwln E. Wlllots. Lansing, Mich.
Prof. Wra. Saunders, Ottawa, Ont.
*Dcccased.

REPORT (IF COMMITTEE ON EXHIBITS.

In a small anteroom, communicating
with the Convention Hall, were the exhibits
of hives and appurtenances, bees, queens,
and honey. By the time your committee
came to examine, the articles had been
considerably shitted, and in some cases the
names had been left off entirely, hence we
are not able to give credit to all sources.
We submit the following report :

B. Taylor, of Forestville,Minn., exhibited
a divisible brood-chamber hive, which he
has had in use for over twenty years. The
frames are fixed, and hang on nail points.
The hive possesses several good features.

James Wallace, of Clayton, Ills., exhibited
a queen-cage, and an observation-hive of
nice Italian bees.

Charles Dadant & Son, of Hamilton,
Ills., exhibited samples of their superb^
foundation, copies of their " Revised Lang-
stroth," beautiful samples of yellow bees-
wax, and small packages of their extracted
honey.

Bingham & Hetherington, of Abronia,
Mich., samples of their standard goods,
a Bingham smoker, and a Bingham &
Hetherington honey-knife.

S. A. Shuck, of Liverpool, Ills., some
very attractive cases of comb honey.

James Forncrook, of Watertown, Wis.,
samples of nice sections, both open and
closed top.

J. Van Deusen & Son, of Sprout Brook,
N. Y., fine samples of flat-bottomed comb-
fouudation.

Jacob T. Timpe, of Grand Ledge, Mich.,
some beautiful specimens of histive-banded
Italian bees. They were admired by all
the committee.

E. C. Porter, of Lewiston, Ills., a bee-
escape; probably as perfect a working
device as anything yet designed for the
purpose.

J. W, Bittenbender, of Knoxville, Iowa,
a foundation fastener, a novel honey-board
bee-feeder, and samples of red-clover
honey.

John D. Adams, of Nira, Iowa, samples
of extracted honey,both liquid and candied,
and fyom white and red clover.

Joseph Hambaugh, of Spring, Ills., a
hive ventilator and an entrance-screen ;
also some fine samples of Spanish-needle,
linden and clover honey.

A. N. Draper, of Upper Alton, Ills., sam-
ples of his square honey-jars, both empty
and filled with heart'sease and Spanish-
needle honey.

L. W. Baldwin, of Independence, Mo., a
sample case of nice comb honey.

The following articles were exhibited by
unknown parties : T tins and perforated
zinc ; also a hive made entirely of plaster-
of- Paris. Respectfully submitted.

Dr. Jesse Oren, S. A. Shuck, E. R. Root^
Committee.

Both of the daily papers of Keokuk gave
good reports of each session of the Interna-
tional Convention, and the following items
will show their estimate of those who were
in attendance :

Increased interest, and a larger attend-
ance characterized the second day of the
21st Annual Convention of the Interna
tiional American Bee-Association. One-
half of the Grand Army Hall was crowded.

796

Tmm mwmmmiGmM mmm j&wmmm^.

Tvith the delegates, who are an intelligent-
looking body of men, and whose utterances
and proceedings were marked by the utmost
good humor, and courteous consideration
of the views and opinions of each other. —
OateCUy., Oct. 31, 1890.

The meetings of the International Ameri-
can Bee-Association, now being held in
Grand Army Hall, are very interesting to
those who attend, whether beekeepers or
not ; and a better-natured, more intelligent
lot of people have seldom met in Keokuk.

Samples of honey of every kind are on
exhibition — liquid honey, granulated
honey,honey in the comb, red clover honey,
white clover honey, linden honey from
several States, and mesquite honey from
Maricopa county, Arizona.

Specimens of beeswax, hives, frames,
smokers, bee-feeders, and every kind and
shape of apicultural tools and implements
are there, and are for the inspection of
everybody who cares to see them. — Consti
tutlon-Danocrat, Oct. 30, 1890.

COSrVENTIOIV DIRECTORY.

Time mid place of meeting.

Bee. 10.— Huron. Tuscola and Sanilac Counties, at
Bad A,xe, Mich. John G. Kundinger, Sec.

Dec. 16. 17.— Northern Illinois, at Rockforrt, Ills.

D. A. Fuller, Sec, Cherry Valley, Ills.

Dec. 18. 19.— Carolina, at Pineville. N. C.

N. P. Lyles. Sec, Derita, N. C.

Jan. 1, 2.— Michigan State, at Detroit. Mich.

H. D. Cutting. Sec, Clinton, Mich.

May 7.— Susquehanna County, at Montrose, Pa.

H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harlord, Pa.

This week I am preparing my last lot of
bees for winter. As the weather is warm,
all my bees are flying. On account of my
going bee-hunting, and buying up box-
hives, I have gotten behind. I arranged a
frame tor wild bees, small nuclei, box-
hives, transferring, etc.

This frame was first used by me in Ger-
many, in 1886, and will hold 4 sections,
4 '4x4 '4 inches. As all know, the German
frames are a trifle smaller. My frame is
half-size of the Simplicity, with metal
corner spacers. I am using both the Sim-
plicity and my own ; for the purpose men-
tioned, there is nothing better. I can take
smaller pieces of comb.

These one-half frames can be used cross-
ways, if desired, by two division boards.
You can use them without extra expense
for hives for nuclei, or small swarms, which
all bee-men will have. I take four or five
little frames cross-ways, then when the
colony gets too strong, I take out all the
small ones, and put in large ones, keeping
the small ones for nuclei, etc. The metal-
corner spaces I spoke of, are used when
moving bees only, and are like the Hoff-
man.

Most of my bees are in hives about 11
feet long. I put 8 colonies in these hives.
They are made the same as Falconer's
chaff-hives, only longer. I winter all of luy
bees on the summer stands. I would not
like cellar-wintering. I can keep my bees
just as warm out-of-doors, with less work
and expense. My 40 colonies in (Germany
are packed with heather and leaves, and
always winter well. John H. Blaxken.
Jersey City, N. J., Nov. 10, 1890.

In the third line from that, eliminate the
word '* the " preceding " foul-brood ;" and
in the third line from that again eliminate
" and " preceding the word " doubtless."

In the next column, next page, thirteenth
line from top, read CQuistlc instead of
" egotistic."

In the tenth line from the bottom of the
same column, read '"with the frames"
instead of " from the frames." The others
are immaterial. Allen Pringle.

Selby, Ont.

' In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — The Editor,

ITorth American Bee-Keepers' Association

President— P. H. Elwood. ..Stai-kviUe, N. Y.
Secket.ary— C. P. Dadant Hamilton, Ills.

Box-Hives and illoths.

I commenced with 4 colonies of bees in
box-hives. Spring count, and I now have
10 colonies — 6 in Simplicity hives, and 4 in
boxhives. Those in the boxhives have
moth-worms in them. Is there anything
that I can do to kill the moth-worms and
not harm the bees ? I have only 10 pounds
of honey this year. I do not think that my
neighbors have done much, if any, better.
D.vviD T. Frost.

Pearsall's, N. Y., Nov. 3, 1890.

[You should Italianize the bees and dis-
card the box-hives ; then you would have
no trouble with moths. With box-hives
and black bees you are almost powerless
to prevent their ravages. With frame
hives, even the black bees might be helped
by lifting the frames, cleaning out the
hives, and killing the worms. — Ed.]

JTational Bee-Keepers' Union.

President— James Heddon ..Dowagiac. Mich.
Sec'v and Manager— T. G. Newman, Chicago.

Honey Crop in Australia.

I began last season with 1 10 colonies,
which increased to 200, and I obtained
16,000 pounds of extracted-honey. This
yield would have been much larger, and
the increase greater, had I not sold a large
number of queens and colonies during the
season. My best colony produced 480
pounds of honey. Some winters here are
so mild that the bees gather honey all
through it. It is very rarely that the
queens cease to lay. H. L. Jones.

Goodna, Queensland, Australia.

Wliat tlie FroNt Uid in Marcli.

There was very little honey gathered in
this part of the couutry this season. I
obtained SOO pounds of comb honey, and
40 gallons of extracted-honey from 120
colonies, and it was dark and unsalable at
that. The frost in March killed all the
honey -yielding flowers. White clover was
cut down by it. The black locusts killed
the poplar, also all fruit blooms. One
could not gather enough peaches, plums or
apples to make a dumpling of, within ten
miles of this place. E. Isr.vel.

Oak Lawn, Miss., Nov. 9, 1890.

Poultry an«l Uees.

I had 50 colonies of bees in the Spring,
which have increased to 90, and obtained
25 pounds of honey per colony, netting me
.$337.50. I intend trying to raise poultry
ue.xt year, in addition to my bees.

T. J. Perry.
illiamsburg, Iowa, Nov. 12, 1890.

Cotton Honey.

Bees were doing well here until the "cold
snap " in the last of February, which
chilled the brood and set them back. But
March, and the first part of April, were
favorable, and they again built up and
prepared to swarm. Then we had a long
cold, wet spell that reduced them to the
verge of starvation, aud a number of colo-
nies died. There were no swarms, and
little prospect for honey. But during the
summer the cotton yielded honey better
than usual,and I obtained from the remain
ing colonies (about 20) 100 gallons of the
finest honey. It is almost as clear as
water, very thick, and of excellent flavor.
" Cotton" usually yields very little houey;
but this year it was the honey-plant that
saved us. So you see I was not so badly
'left," after all. J. M. McDaniel.

Peoria, Texas, Oct. 25, 1890.

Foul Brood— A <;orrection.

Kindly allow me to correct some typo-
graphical errors in my essay to the " Inter-
national," which commences on page 762.

In the third paragraph of last column,
page 762, insert the word though, after
" This commuuicatiou did not appear."

Hot'tnian Frames.

I did not go to the Keokuk Convention,
and I am all worked up over it. I got ready
to go, and then could not, for my work
would not let me I could have cried over
it if it would have done any good. I will
have to put up with it. I am making some
Hoffman frames, to try next season, pro-
vided I live and the bees live. I am more
than pleased to hear that you all had such
a good time, and am glad that I can read
in the American Bee Journal what was
done. H. Mansperger.

Lewiston, Mo., Nov. 15, 1890.

IC^The Club List, for 1891, of E. H.
Cook, Andover, Conn., is on our desk. He
will furnish it free upon application.

Convention !\olices.

%W The 8th semi-annual meeting of the Susque-
hanna County Bee-Keepers' Association will be held
at Montrose, Pa., on Thursday. May 7. 1891.

H. M. Skelet, Sec.

B3?~ The Carolina Bee-Keepers' Association, will
hold the last session of issm in the Town Hall. Pine-
ville, N. C. Dec. 18, 19. A good programme. AH
who feel an interest in nioilern bee-culture are cor-
dially invited. Bring or send a full report of the
season. Entertainment tree.

(Other papers please copy.)

N. P. Lyles. Sec, Derita, N. C.

C:F" The Annual Meeting of the Northern Illinois
Bee-Keepers' Association, will be held In the Super-
visor's Room of the Court House, at Rockford. Ills.,
on Dec. lH-i7, I890. The E'resident has a good Pro-
gramme in course of preparation.

D. A. Fuller, Sec

ff^" The annual meeting of the Huron, Tuscola,
and Sanilac I nnnties Bco-Kecpers' A.«sociation. will
be held at thi' Court House at Bad Axe. Huron Co..
Mich., (ui Wednesday, Dec 10. isim. All are cordially
invited to attend. '■"

.iOnN G. KUNDI.NQER, Sec.

TM® m^mmMicMn muM j@U'RNaiL.

797

^^^.^^^jtkM

BD8INRS8 MANAOEB.
EZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZXZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZl

lusiucss 3loticts.

' Subscribers who do not receive their

papers promptly, should notify us at once.

It^" Send us one new subscription, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

IQg^ Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, with name an-1 address printed.
Sample free.

It^" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.

I^" Send us two neiv subscriptions, with
¥8.00, and we will present you with a
"Globe" Bee-Veil for your trouble. (See
the fuller notice in the advertising col-
umns. )

■ The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

m^" Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

1^" Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our JouK-
NAjj at $1.85 for the two; or with both our
Home Journal and Bee Journal for 12.25
for all three papers.

I^"" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write Aiiiericdn Bee
Jourmtl on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

J^T Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For 30 colonies (120 pages) $100

" 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 25

■• 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

' When talking about Bees to your

friend or neighbor, you wUl oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book
by maU, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

A "Binder" made especially for

the American Bee Journal, and lettered
in gold, makes a very convenient way of
preserving the copies of the Bee Journal
as fast as they are received. We offer it,
postpaid, for 60 cents ; or as a premium for
two new subscriptions, with $3.00. It can-
not be mailed to Canada.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

DETROIT, Oct. ]:i.— No white honcv In the
market; ilaik or lull honey sells at 14(a»l.")c.—
Extnicteii, 7(ai8u. Heeswiix, 2T@38c.

M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch. Mich.

NEW YORK, Oct. 24.— Wc quote; Fancy ]-
lbs., white, lB(a)18u.; 2-lb8., white, l-idiilnc.
Off griides, l-lbs„ 14(ai5c.: 2-lbs.. la^il.^c.
Buckwheat, 1-U)S.. 12®i:Jc.; 2-lb8.. 10(aillc.—
Extracted, white c-l(n'cr and hasswoort, 8(fi)8i4c
liuckwheat. 7c.: ('alilornia,C'/i(§)7 cents per 11^
Southern. 70c jvcr Kiillon.

HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
28-30 West Broadway.

CHICAGO, Oct. 11.— Best grades of honey
sell at 17(gil8c. For brown and dark in un-
cleaned sections there Is a light demand, the
IJrices having: to be shaded to meet the views
of the few buyers there are for that grade.—
Extracted, steady at 7(3)8c.— demand is good.
Beeswax, 27(!>i28c.

R. A. BURNETT. 161 S. Water St.

CHICAGO, Oct. 11. — New honey arriving
very slowly, dem;iud active, and all receipts
are taken promptly. We quote: White clover
1-lbs., 16@18e.: 2-lbs., 14(g»15c.; dark 1-lbs.,
ll@12c; 2-Ibs., 9(«!l0c. Extracted meets with
quick sale, values ranging from 6'/^(ai7}4 cts.,
depending upon quality and style of package.
Beeswax, 28(3i:SOc.

S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.

KANSAS CITY, Nov. 8.— We quote 1-lb.
white comb. IfiiffiaSc; 1-lb. dark comb, 12@14o;
extracted, 5(a,7c. California 1-lh. white comb,
16@17c; 1-lb. extra C & C, 16c; 2-lb. extra
C ii C, 14c; 2-lb. white, 15c; extracted,6'^(a7c.
CLEMONS. MASON \- CO..

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

CINCINNATI, Nov. 12.— There is a good de-
maud for all kiuds of honey. Arrivals are
fair of all but comb honey and Southern ex-
tracted. Small lots only of each are ai-riying,
and are sold immediately. California honev
seems to be as highly appreciated in our
market as the best clover honey. We quote
choice comb honey nominal at 16@18c per lb.
Extracted honey at 5V4@8c per lb.

Beeswax is in good demand at 24(i5)26c., for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH & SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

BOSTON, Nov. 1!),— We quote best 1-pound

sections of comb honey at 19(a»20c.; fair to

good, 17(®18c. There are no 2-pound sections

here. Extracted. 7@9c. No beeswax on hand.

BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.

MILWAUKEE, Oct. 11.— Market is in good
condition for honey; demand is steady and
good values maintained, while the supply is
fair to meet the current demands. We quote-
Choice white 1-lbs., 17(3il8e. : good white 1-lbs.
16(gil7e. Dark and old 1-lbs., 10@12c. Ex-
tracted, white in barrels, 8'/2@9c.; in kegs or
tin, 9(Si9!4c. ; dark, in barrels or kegs, 6(§)7c.—
Beeswax, 26(§)30c.

A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.

ALBANY, N. Y., Nov. 22.— We are selling
white honey at 17@19c; mixed, 13@16c;
buckwheat, 12f§il4c. The difference in these
prices is for different size combs, glassed and
unglassed. Extracted, light. 8i/i(nii0o; amber,
7(§i8c; dark, 6(5^7c. Beeswa.x, 28(5!.'i0c.

H. R. WRIGHT, 326-328 Broadway.

Catarrh, Catarrhal Deafness, Hay-
Fever — A new home treatment whereby the
worst cases of these hitherto incurable dis-
eases are permanently cured by a few
simple applications made once in two
weeks by the patient at home. A circular
describing the new treatment is sent to
any applicant free on receipt of stamp to
pay postage by A. H. Dixon & Son, sole
proprietors,345 West King Street,Toronto,
Canada. -ISA 12Mtf

Cliilts of 5 New Subscriptions for $4.00,
to any addresses. Ten for $7.50.

We Cliib the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following paiiers
or books, at the prices quoted in the I^AST
column. The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book .-

Price of both.
The American Bee Journal $1 00...

and Gleanings in Bee-Culture.

Bee-Keepers' Guide

Bee-Keepers' Review

The Apiculturist

Bee-Keepers' Advance . . .

Canadian Bee Journal . .
The 7 above-named papers .

Clulk

and Langstroth Revised (Dadant)
Cook's Manual (1887 edition)
Ouinby's New Bec-Kceping.
Doolittle on Queen-Rearing.
Bees and Honey (Newman)..
Binder for Am. Bee Journal.
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth).
Root's ABC of Bee-Culture

Farmer's Account Book

Western World Guide

Heddon's book, "Success,"..

A Year Among the Bees

Convention Hand-Book

Weekly Inter-Ocean

Toronto Globe (wecklyl

History of National Society,
American Poultry Journal..

The Lever (Temperance)

Orange Judd Farmer

Farm. Field and Stockman. .
Prairie Farmer

I>o not send to us for sample copies
of any other papers. Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.

2 00..

. 175

150.

. 140

1 30..

. 140

175..

. 1 65

1 50..

. 1 40

2 00 .

. 1 80

5 25..

. 5 00

3 00..

. 2 75

2 25..

. 2 00

3 30..

. 2 25

200..

. 1 75

2 00..

. 1 75

1 60 . .

. 1 50

300..

. 2 00

225..

. 2 10

400..

. 2 20

150..

. 1 30

150..

. 140

1 50..

. 1.35

150.

. 130

200..

. 1 75

200..

. 1 70

1 50..

. 125

2 25..

. 150

2 00..

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. 1 65

200..

. 1 65

2 00..

. 165

The firm of R. H. .Schmidt & Co.,
New London, Wis., has been dissolved by
mutual consent, and is succeeded by Page
Keith & Schmidt Co., whose announce-
ment may be found on another page.

V- « _-»,

^duci-tisciucitts.

For Sale !

48Alt

NEW HEARSE — AT
half - price. Or will
trade for Bees, Honey,
or Supplies. J. H. Tat-
MAN.Connersville.Ind.

DON'T ^s

OU buy Queen Bees ?
" you have not tried

' of my five-banded

— — eoliOEN irALIAN

QLlEUN^i, YOU should not fail to read what
others say about them. Look for my adver-
tisements, and I will let you SEE how well
they please.

JACOB T. TIMPE, (iraiid Wg«, Keh.

BEE-KEEPERS' GUIDE;

EVERY Farmer and Bee-Keeper should
have It. The

15th 1,000, Wholly Revised!

MUCH EIVI.ARGED!

Contains many more beautiful Illustrations
scientific"'*' "" '° ''°"' Pfi^CTICAL and

, ^^i,*^*" By mail, $1.50. To dealers, $1.00.
In 100 lots, by freight, 50 per cent, off

Address A.J.COOK,

35Atf Agricultaral College, ITllcta.

798

Tmm m'mmmiGmu mmm j&Tsmnmi^,

■-*-*-*--*-* -^ * -■

The Boney Almanac

T tJST the thlDK neeiled to create a demand for
*^ HONEY at home. Bee-beepers should scatter
it freely. It shows the uses of Honey for Medicine,
Kating, Drinking, Cooking, for making Cosmetics.
"Vinegar, etc.; also uses of BEESWAX. Price. Sets.;
25 copies for $1.10; 50 copies, 11.70; 75 copies, $2.30;
100 for 12.90. The foregoing are POSTPAID prices:
following are prices when sent by express or freight;
100 for $2.50: 500 for $lo.(^): I.OOO for $15.f)0. The
flee-Keeper's CARD will be printed on the first page
without extra cost, when 25 or more are ordered at
-one time.

We Have a Fe>v Iliiii<lre4l!$ left,
ot the Honey Almanac for this year. They
should be used this Fall, and therefore we
oSer them at oiie-liali the above prices.

THOS. G. NEIVIVIAN dc SON,
246 East Madison St.. - CHICAGO. ILL.

DO YOU WANT

To succeed in Apiculture? Then try the
Nonpareil Bee-Hive aud Winter Case.

Send for Catalogue of prices, and enclose 25
cents in stamps for the new book, "BEE-
KEEPING FOR PROFIT," and you will not
regret it.

Address. DR. G. 1j. TINKER,

45Atf New Philadelphia, Ohio.

Mention the American Bee Journal,

BEESWAX WANTED.

IleesMax.— We will pay 87 cents per

pound, in Cash, for Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
ered here.

J^- To avoid mistakes, the name of the
shipper should always be on each package.

THOS. G. NEWMAN 4; SON,

1i46 East Madison Street. - CHICAGO, ILL.

PATENT WIfiED COMB FOUNDATION

HAS NO SAC IN BKOOU FRAiTIES.

THIN FLAT BOTTOM FOUNDATION

Ha» no Fisli-boue in Surplus Honey.

Beint; the cleanest is uaiially worked
' the quickest of any FounOntion made.
J, VAN DEISKN A: SONS,

Sole Manufacturers.
Sprout Brook, Montgomery Co.. N. Y.

Mention the American Dee JouniaZ.

hk)i for Market

AND

Tofkefs fof Pfofit,

By "FANNY FIELD."

WRITTEN for those who are interested in
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fitable. She reared in one year I'lO Tiirlic.vs—
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CONTFN'r»i.— Age of breedins: stock, about
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they bring good prices— Number of hens to a
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keys—Bronze Turkeys — Common Turkeys-
To restore chilled Turkeys— Diseases of Tur-
keys-Leg -weakness- Killing and dressing-
Mark your Turkeys— Marketing— Capital and
number to begin with— Tells all about the
Turkey business. Price, 25 cenlti.

Given for One New Subscriber to this paper
for one year, with $1.00.

THOS. G. NEWKIAN A: SON,

246 East Madison St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

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Do You Know That?

WHAT I SAW!

"TiK. W. W. SATTERLEE'S wonderful Reply
i-' to Socialism— regular price, 40 cts.— THE
NEW PEERLESS ATLAS, which will be com-
plete in November, and will contain the

Census Reports of 1890

o"!.?"*!"^ Jf'^^*^** for one year, the great
Prohibition Newspaper, will all be sent to any
^ew Subscriber tor only $1,50. Sample copy
of paper free. Address,

CENTER LEVER COMPANY,

134 Van Buren Street, - CHICAGO, ILL
13Atf^Mtf
Mention the American Bee Journal.

HANDLING BEES

A PAMPHLET, treating of the taming
f^ aud handling of bees. Just the thing for
Ijeginners. It is a chapter from "The Hl-re
and Hone}'-Bee, revised." Price, 8 cts.
Advice to beginners. Circulars, &c„ free.

CHAS. DADANT & SON,

Hamilton. Hancock Co., Ills

W^.'iJS,5P" ready to receive shipments of
HOINEV, and would be pleased to open
correspondence. Liberal advances made on
consignments. Pi-ompt returns. Quick ship-
ments of Comb and Extracted will meet
an active market. Reference on file with the
American Bee .lournal.

S. X. FISH & CO., 189 So. Water St ,

33A20t CHICAGO, ILLS,

Mention the American Bee Journal.

BEES AND HONEY

The Dovolaile.l 8lroneeBt, llest aul
Cheaptst BtE-lllvL fur »u purpoi-
e^. Plias.^^ ev,^ryl),^il_r. Send tour ad-
dress to the Larffe^t Bee-IIlTe Fac-
tory fn the World let sample copy of
tlleaiilneAin Bee Culture (all illus.
trated Heiui-iiinntlily ), and a 44 p. illus-
trated eataloeue of Bee-Eeepeni'
'«upplle«. Our A IE C of Bee Cul-
ture is a cyclopedia of 400 pp., 6x10. aud
cut,. Price in cloth. $l--.:5. ^^^y Mfntion

paper. A. I. ROOT, Medina, O-

Bee -Hives, Sections, &c.

On and after Feb. 1, 1890, we will sell our
No. 1 V-groove Sections in lots of 500 as fol-
lows: Less than 2,000 at Ki. 50 per thousand:
2,000 to 5,000 at $3.00 per thousand. Write
for special prices on larger quantities. No. 2
Sections $2.00 per thousand. Send for Price-
List for other Supplies. Address,

J. STAtJFFEK <<k SONS,
(Successors to B. J. Miller & Co.)
31Atf NAPPANEE, IND.

Mention the Amerlain Bee Journal.

NEW FACTORY.

BEE-HIVES, SECTIONS. FRAinES,
ETC. We have moved into our new
factor.v, which is the largest and most com-
plete in the world. We make the best of goods,
and sell them at lowest prices. Write for free
Illustrated Catalogue.

G. B. LEWIS & CO., ^Vatertown, ITis.
35Atf

WANTED!

SOUTHERIV HONEY.

WE PA V 5!4c per lb. for a good quality of
Southern Honey. Cash on arrival of
honey. CHAS. F. MUTH & SON,

Freeman & Central Aves.. - Cincinnati, Ohio
46A4t

•rmm mis^mmicmn bee^ j©urn3ss,.

803

'^^*■~■■'-

'^■^■^■'■^■'— -— --"

EDITOR.

Vol. mi. Dec. 6, 1890. No. 49.

Death has claimed another of the most
prominent apiarists of the world. Pastor
C de Ribeaucourt died at Lausanne, Switz-
erland, on Oct. 24, 1890, at the age of 73
years. He died of paralysis preceded by
congestion. He was the author of the
Manuel d' ApicxiUure Ratlonelle, of which
there has been four editions published since
1871, when the first appeared. He was
the President of the National Apicultural
Convention, held in 1869, in Lausanne,
Switzerland, which we attended in com-
pany with our friend Mr. Ed. Bertrand,
editor of the Revue Internationale D'Api-
cxiUure, published at Nyon, Suisse. In fact,
he was the father of the organization, and
served many years as its honored Presi-
dent. He was a valued correspondent of
the Review, and an earnest advocate of
modern methods and progressive ideas in
apiculture, and his place cannot readily be
filled. He was an educated clergyman,and
for 46 years was a pastor in the Canton de
Vaud.

Space at tbe Columbian Fair.

— Dr. 1 A. B. Mason writes thus about the
amount that will be required :

On page 788, sixth line from the bottom
of the first column, the types make me say
10,000 instead of 100,000, as I intended
to write, if I did not. It looks " kinder "
ridiculous to say that we may not need
more than 10,000 square feet fortbe entire
honey display, when 1 said that " I expect
to ask for about 3,000 square feet of space
for Ohio."

The Doctor's article was copied by a type
•writer, and these figures were changed and
blotted, and as it said "from 10,000 to
150,000 feet," it passed the proof-reader's
eyes without detection.

Canadians Not Americans.—

On this matter, the Rev. W. F. Clarke
writes thus :

In reference to the paragraph on page
771, of course there is a sense (^the geo-
graphical one) in which Canadians are
Americans. It is the same sense in which
Mexicans and Patagonians are Americans.

But the geographical is not the only sense
in which the term American is used. In
this respect it differs from the word Euro-
pean. There is no one nation on the Con-
tinent of Europe which claims to be the
European nation, in the way the people of
United States claim to be the American
nation.

Strictly speaking, the United States is an
American country ; so is Canada ; so is
Mexico ; so is Patagonia. When "the
American people" are spoken of, Cana-
dians are not included ; when "the Ameri-
can government " is spoken of, Canada is
not included ; when " American money " is
spoken of, it does not include the coin or
bank bills of Canada.

The idea that Canadians are not Ameri-
cans is not a " foolish notion," but a matter
of fact. The people of the United States
should never have assumed the name
Americans, and probably would not, but
for their ideas of "manifest destiny."

" No pent-up Utica contracts our powers,
But the whole boundless Continent is ours."

No, it isn't, and probably never will be.
At any rate, it will be time enough to set
up the claim when it has a legal and actual
basis.

Brother Clarke is again mistaken. We
who live south of the great lakes do not
Cloim to be "fhc American Nation !" We
are only (as in one place he correctly
says) "the people of the United States."

Canadians and Mexicans, Brazilians and
Patagonians are just as much entitled to be
called Americans as we are, and we have
no wish to deprive them of the honor of
such a glorious appellation.

When we go to other Continents, we are
all proud to be called "Americans" first,
and if further distinction is desired, then
we are from Canada or Mexico, from
Brazil or Patagonia, or from the United
States of Columbia, or the United States of
America !

We should not cavil about such hair-
splitting and nonsense, but devote our
energies to the interests of the pursuit, and
its prosperity.

Enraptured. — This is the opinion of

one who sent for a sample copy :

I am enraptured over your beautiful and
artistic Home Jodrnal, and inclose 50
cents for a year's subscription. — A.T.Cook,
Hyde Park, N. Y.

We hope the reader will think and do the
same as Mr. Cook, after examining the
sample sent last week.

Xhe Discovery of Dr. Eoch, of
Berlin, of a cure for consumption in its
early stages is attracting world-wide atten-
tion. "Frank Leslie's Illustrated News-
paper" will send a consumptive patient
from New York, for treatment, and will
print a full narrative of the method of
treatment, and its results, in "Frank
Leslie's,from week to week.

Secrets for a Nickel-and-a-
Dime.— Mr. D. E. Weage, of East Gilead,
Mich,, writes as follows :

Our Post-master has received a large
package of circulars like the enclosed, with
an offer of a (55 cent book for distributing
them. His name is F. Andrews, and he
hails from Chicago. Please look him up.

The Circular is about a wonderful bee-
hive and bee-book called "Secrets of Bee
Keeping." That very title gives him away.
There are no "secrets" in bee-keeping
now-a days.

He promises a return of from 825 to $60
from an investment of from $2 to $4, in his
hive and pamphlet. The pamphlet is a
poor reprint of N. C. Mitchell'.?, which was
published many years ago.

We ventilated the whole thing in last
year's Bee JouRNAL,on pages 259 and 323.
Gleanings and the Bee-Hive also venti-
lated the Andrews bubble nearly a year
ago. He will only catch novices by his
fabulous stories — but even they should be
warned, when it is possible to do so, to
keep their nickel-and-dime for some more
profitable investment.

1^" The Bee-Hive, heretofore published
by E. H. Cook, of Andover, Conn., has
been sold to W. T. Falconer Manufacturing
Company, who will publish it monthly
next year under the name of the "Ameri-
can Bee-Keeper," at 50 cents a year. We
club it with our Bee Journal at $1.40 for
both, as will be seen in our Clubbing List,
on page 812.

Supply Dealers who are about to
publish catalogues, should be sure to get
the prices of books and periodicals cor-
rectly stated to prevent confusion. One
just received — the first for next year —
incorrectly quotes two — a bee-periodical
and a bee-book. In the former there is a
double mistake, as to frequency of issue
and price. Last year some catalogues
quoted bee-paperswhich had ceased to exist
for several years. In these progressive
days, such things ought not to be allowed.

One of the IVIost attractive

show windows in Boston, just now, is the
apothecary's store at the corner of Wash-
ington and Winter streets. The proprietor
has hit upon something that draws a crowd
around his window all day ; it is nothing
more nor less than a hive of Italian bees,
one side of which is of glass, exposing the
interior to the full view of the crowd. The
hive is elegantly-finished, and the honey is
of the whitest, and the show is certainly
attractive to look at ; but, after all, it is
the novelty of the thing that draws the
idler as he passes ; if bees were an every-
day sight in the country, as they should
be, there would be less curiosity in a street-
crowd, in Boston, to stop and look at them.
—Exchange.

804

T-mm mmmmi^Mw mmm j^^MitMi*..

— » — ^ ^ - — ■»—■ ---^ •^■-^•^ — '■^'^^'^^^^'\mMm»m»m»mtim»mhmA

Koul=Broocl.— We give our readers
the full text o£ the new foul-brood law iu
Ontario, Canada. It is the one Mr. Allen
Pringle referred to, in his essay at the
Keokuk ConTention, and published on page
763 of the Bee Jourxal. It reads as
follows :

Her Majesty, by and with the advice and
consent of the Legislative Assembly of the
Province of Ontario, enacts as follows ;

l._(l) The Ontario Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation shall at each annual meeting, or the
directors of the said Association shall, if in
the interval between two annual meetings
the occasion should arise, appoint an in-
spector of apiaries, and a sub-inspector for
the Province of Ontario, and the said
inspector and sub inspector shall be elected
by the vote of the majority of the members
of said Association, present at the annual
meeting, or the vote of the majority of the
directors as the case may be. Any annual
meeting may delegate the annual appoint-
ment of an inspector and sub-inspector to
the newly-elected board of directors.

(2) The said sub inspector may, when so
directed, as hereinafter provided, perform
all the duties and exercise all the powers in
this Act directed to be performed or exer-
cised by the inspector, and the provisions
of this Act relating to the inspector shall be
deemed to apply to and include the said
sub-inspector.

(3) The inspector or sub inspector on
entering upon any premi.ses in the dis-
charge of his duties shall, if so required,
produce the certificate of the President of
the said Association, that he has been
appointed as such inspector, or sub-inspec-
tor, as the case may be.

2. The said inspector and sub-inspector
shall hold office for one year from the date
of the annual meeting, at which they were
appointed, or if they shall have been ap-
pointed by the directors, then until the
next annual meeting after such appoint-
ment, and shall be eligible for re-election ;
but the said inspector or sub inspector
may at any time, subject to the ap-
proval of the Lieutenant-Governor in
Council, be removed from office by the
directors for neglect of duty or other suffi-
cient cause, and in case of such removal,
the directors shall without delay appoint a
successor.

3. The said inspector shall, whenever so
directed by the President of the Ontario
Bee-Keepers' Association, visit without
unnecessary delay, any locality in the
Province of Ontario, and there examine
any apiary or apiaries to which the said
President may direct him, and ascertain
whether or not the disease known as " foul-
brood " exists in such apiary or apiaries,
and whenever the said inspector shall be
satisfied of the existence of foul-brood in
its virulent or malignant type, it shall be
the duty of the inspector to order all colo-
nies so affected, together with the hives
occupied by them, and the contents of such
hives, and all tainted appurtenances that
cannot be disinfected, to be immediately
destroyed by fire under the personal direc-
tion and superintendence of the said in-
spector, and after inspecting infected hives
or fixtures, or handling diseased bees, the
inspector shall,before leaving the premises,
or proceeding to any other apiary, thor-
oughly disinfect his own person and cloth-
ing, and shall see that any assistant or
assistants with him have also thoroughly
disinfected their persons and clothing ;
provided, that where the inspector, who

shall be the sole judge thereof, shall be
satisfied that the disease exists, but only in
milder types, and in its incipient stages,
and is being, or may be treated success-
fully, and the inspector has reason to
believe that it may be entirely cured, then
the inspector may, in his discretion, omit
to destroy, or order the destruction of the
colonies and hives in which the disease
exists.

4. The inspector shall have full power,
in his discretion, to order any owner or
possessor of bees dwelling in box-hives in
apiaries where the disease exists (being
mere boxes without frames), to transfer
such bees to movable frame hives within a
specified time, and in default of such trans-
fer the inspector may destroy, or order the
destruction of such box hives and the bees
dwelling therein.

5. Should the owner or possessor of dis-
eased colonies of bees, or of any infected
appliances for bee keeping, knowingly seU
or barter, or give away such diseased colo-
nies, or infected appliances, he shall, on
conviction before any justice of the peace,
be liable to a fine of not less than $50 or
more than $100, or to imprisonment for
any term not exceeding two months.

6. Should any person whose bees have
been destroyed or treated for foul-brood,
sell, or offer for sale any bees, hives, or
appurtenances of any kind, after such
destruction or treatment, and before being
authorized by the inspector so to do, or
should he expose in his bee-yard, or else-
where, any infected comb-honey, or other
infected thing, or conceal the fact that said
disease exists among his bees, he shall, on
conviction before a justice of the peace, be
liable to a fine of not less than $20, and not
more than $50, or to imprisonment for a
term not exceeding two months, and not
less than one month.

7. Should any owner or possessor of bees
refuse toallow the inspectoror his assistant
orassistants to freely examinesaid bees, or
the premises in which they are kept,or should
such owner or possessor refuse to destroy
the infected bees and appurtenances, or
permit them to be destroyed when so
directed by the inspector, he may, on the
complaint of the inspector, be summoned
before a justice of the peace, and on con-
%'iction shall be liable to a fine of not more
than $50 or less than $35 for the first
offence, and not more than $100, or less
than $50 for the second and any subse-
quent offences, and the said justice of the
peace shall make an order directing the
said owner or possessor forthwith to carry
out the directions of the inspector.

8' Where an owner or possessor of bees
shall disobey the directions of the said
inspector or ofifer resistance to, or obstruct
the said inspector, a Justice of the peace
may upon the complaint of the said inspec-
tor, cause a sufficient number of special
constables to be sworn in, and such special
constables shall under the directions of the
inspector proceed to the premises of such
owner or jaossessor and assist the inspector
to seize all the diseased colonies and
infected appurtenances, and burn them
forthwith, and if necessary the said inspec-
tor or constables may arrest the said owner
or possessor, and bring him before a justice
of the peace to be dealt with according to
the provisions of the preceding section of
this Act.

9. Before proceeding against any person
before a justice of the peace, the said
inspector shall read over to such person
the provisions of this Act, or shall cause a
copy thereof to be delivered to such
person.

10. Every bee-keeper or other person
who shall be aware of the existence of foul-
brood either in his own apiary nr elsewhere
shall immediately notify the President of

the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association of
the existence of such disease, and in default
of so doing, shall, on summary conviction
before a justice of the peace be liable to a
fine of $5 and costs.

11. Upon receiving the notice in the
preceding section mentioned, or in any
way becoming aware of the existence of
foul-brood in any locality, the said Presi-
dent shall immediately direct the said
inspector to proceed to and inspect the
infected premises ; provided that when the
person giving such notice is unknown to
said President, or there is reason to believe
that the information in said notice is un-
trustworthy, or that the person giving such,
notice is actuated by improper motives,
then the said President may require the
person giving such notice to deposit the
sum of $5 with the President as a guaran-
tee of good faith, before the said notice
shall be acted upon, and if it shall prove
that said notice was properly given, then
the said deposit shall be returned to the
person giving such notice ; but otherwise
the said deposit shall be forfeited to the use
of the said Ontario Bee Keepers' Associa-
tion.

13. The said Association shall include in
its annual report to the Minister of Agricul-
ture a statement of the inspector's work
during the preceding year, which state-
ment shall include the number of colonies
destroyed by order of the inspector, and
the localities where found, and the amount
paid to him for his services and expenses-
for the preceding year.

13. The directors of the said Association
may from time to time make such by-laws-
and regulations for the control and gsid-
ance of the inspector in carrying out the
provisions of this Act, as they may deeni
necessary, and the said directors shall also
by by-law fix the amount of the remunera-
tion of the said inspector and sub-inspector,
but all such by-laws and regulations shall
be subject to the approval of the Minister
of Agriculture.

Italian Bees carry off the palm. The
Times, of Fonda, Iowa, has the following
from the Rev. R. E. Flickinger, as the result
of one year's experience with Italian bees.
He says :

In August, 1889, 1 purchased for $1.00,
the first pure Italian bee ever brought to
Fonda. She was placed in a weak colony
having only four or five combs. It was the
lightest colony when placed into winter
quarters, but in the Spring it was in better
working condition than any of the other
colonies, some of which were very strong
in the Fall.

On April 7 one comb of brood was taken
from this colony, that another hive might
be provided with an Italian queen. During
mv absence in the East, on or about May
25 the colony was divided by Mr. Busby,
and a new colony was formed. On July
15, three combs were again removed, and
another colony was formed.

The receipts were $34 from the sales of
one colony of Italians, and comb and ex-
tracted honey. The expenditures were $b,
leaving a profit of $18.

It should be added that when combs of
brood were removed from the hive for
rearing queens, or forming new colonies,
their places were supplied by empty ones,
of which no allowance has been made in
this estimate.

The fact that the experiment was be^n
with the weakest colony, and the profits
from it exceeded those of all the other
colonies in the apiary indicate ^]? ^ JJ^l
decided manner the advantage of keeping
Italians instead of common bees.

■rmm ff-iviERicJir« mMm jQiUiwinKi,.

805

r^

C<>tlon rnr Filling Ciisliioiis for
Wiiiler Covering.

Written for the American Bee Journal

QuEKV 741.— 1. Would cotton be a suit-
able article lor filling cushions for covering
the brood frames in the winter time ; y.
If not, what is the best article for the pur-
pose? 3. About how thick should the
cushions be made ! — Iowa.

1. Yes. 3. About the size of a small
pillow. — A. J. Cook.

1. Yes. 2. Chaff is cheaper. 3. Two
inches, more or less. — Dadant & Sox.

1. It will do very well. 3. About 2
inches.— J. P. H. Brown*.

1. I have never tried cotton. 3. Chaff,
dry sawdust, or dry hard maple leaves. — J.
M. Hamhaugii.

I winter my bees in the cellar, and use no
cushion — nothing but the board-cover over
the frames.— C. C. Miller.

1. Yes ; cotton is excellent. 3. Wool is
the best, hut it is expensive. Wheat chaff
is cheap and good for the purpose. 3.
From 3 to 4 inches.— H. D. Cutting.

I use cushions 4 inches thick, filled with
fine, dry basswood sawdust, and like them
better than anything I have ever tried. — G.

M. DOOLITTLE.

1. Yes; but why use such expensive
material ! I consider oat-chaff or any
similar material just as good. 3. One inch
is thick enough. — C. H. Dibbern.

1. I would not use any cushions at all.
If I did, I would make them from 4 to 6
inches thick, and fill them with chaff. —
James Heddox.

1. Cotton is no doubt a very good- article,
but as there are other materials equally as
good and much cheaper, I would give them
the preference. 2. Chaff seems to have
the preference. 3. Two or more inches. —
P, L. .Viallox.

1. I fear it would be too retentative of
moisture, though I have never tried it.
Either chaff leaves, or ground cork, are
considered good. 3. Five or 6 inches. — R.
L. Taylor.

I believe that it pays to winter bees
in a cellar or cave, anywhere in Iowa. If
that is done, you do not need the cushions.
I have never used cushions, and cannot
answer the questions. — Eugexe Secor.

1. Cotton is a fairly good substitute, but
not the best, in my judgment. 2. Dry forest
leaves, chaff, cut straw or hay, or any sub-
stance that will not easily retain moisture.
3. Three or 4 inches. — J. E. Poxd.

1. No ; it would gather dampness. Wool
might answer the purpose, but it would be
too expensive. 2. Chaff, wheat, oats or
clover, whatever kind is to be had. 3.
Three inches ; so that they could be spread
evenly over the frames. If stuffed hard
and round would be worse than nothing. —
Mrs. L. Harrisox.

1. A cotton pad, no doubt, would answer
the purpose, but it seems to me that it
would be more costly than prudent econ-
omy would dictate. In this climate (Ken-
tucky), the air is very damp during a
greater part of the winter months, and I
have found that, nothing is cheaper and
better than wheat chaff. 3. The cushions
should be about fi inches to give the best
protection. — G. W. Demakee.

1. Cotton would answer the purpose. 2.
Perhaps the very best material is cork-
shavings. Dry sawdust does very well. I

would prefer it to cotton. Several thick-
nesses of old ingrain carpet is very good,
and an old i-ag carpet auswers a good pur-
pose. 3. Not less than 2 inches, and as
much more as practicable.— M. Mauix.

1. I have never used cotton for the pur-
pose. 3. I think chaff' or dry planer-shav-
ings would be better and less expensive.
Fc)rest leaves, if dry, are also reliable for a
winter covering over the brood frames. 3.
From 4 to 6 inches. I prefer, however, to
put two thicknesses of coarse cotton-cloth
on the frames. Hat (no sticks beneath for
passages), and then put on the a))Sorbent,
to be used loose where it can be done.
Single-walled hives may require cushions,
or rather sacks, filled with the above
materials. — G. L. Tixker.

Ground-cork for winter-packing is not
only cheap, but receives the highest com-
mendation by those who have used it. —
The Editor.

IMichigan State Convention.

The Programme of the S4th annual con-
vention of the Michigan State Bee-Keepers'
Association, which is to be held in rooms
of the Normandie Hotel, Detroit, Mich., on
Jan. lands, 1891 :

First Day, 9 :00 a.m. — Call to order.
Appointment of Committees. Reception
of new members and payment of dues.

"The best all purpose queens, and the
best manner of rearing them — W. Z. Hutch-
inson, editor of the Bee-Keepers' Review,
Flint, Mich.

Discussion — " Are apicultural inventions
in demand or in excess ?" — Ernest R Root,
junior editor of Gleanings in Bee-Culture,
Medina, O.

Discussion. Question-box.

1 :30 p.m. — President's Address — Pi'of. A.
J. Cook, Lansing, Mich.

"Foul Brood"— Hon. R. L. Taylor, of
Lapeer, Mich.

Discussion.

" Is profitable beekeeping a thing of the
past ?" — T. F. Bingham, Abronia, Mich.

Discussion.

" Honey statistics and their advantages
to the bee-keeper" — G.H.Knickerbocker,
Pine Plains, N. Y.

7 p.m.—" In what do we profit by the
importation of bees !" — D. A. Jones, editor
of the CanaOlnn Bee Journal, iJeeton,
Ontario, Canada.

Discussion.

Question box and volunteercontributions.

Second Day, 8 :30 a.m. — " Benefits to be
derived from Apicultural Associations " —
R. F. Holterman, Brantford, Ontario.

Discussion.

Opening of the Question-box.

Volunteer contributions.

"Cellar us. out-door wintering" — Dr. A.
B. Mason, Auburndale, O.

Discussion.

,1 :30 p.m.— Selecting the next place of
meeting.

Election of officers.

Report of Committees.

Financial report of the Secretary and
Treasurer.

Miscellaneous business.

"Apicultural Journalism; its past and
future "—Thomas G. Newman, editor of
the American Bee Journal, Chicago, Ills.

Discussion.

" Benefits to be derived from honey
exhibits "— R. McKnight, Owen Sound,
Ontario, Canada.

Followed by dis|;ussion, and a general
good old-fashioned l'isit,until adjourned.

This programme c4n be varied to accom-
modate circumstances, and we shall be

glad to entertain any subjects that may
come up under the head of Volunteer Con-
tril>utions. Let none stay away because
their favorite subject is left out, but let
any one prepare a short, spicy essay, and
come preiiared to defend it, for bee-keepers
as well as doctors disagree. There will be
reduced rates on all the railroads, and the
large hall ; and reduced rates have been
secured at the Normandie Hotel. This is a
first-class house, centrally located, and will
make grand headquarters for us, with the
place of meeting under the same I'oof.
Come and help make, and enjoy one of the
best conventions ever held in the State.
Geo. E. Hilton.

Assistant Secretary.

Honey in a Church Roof.— The

Hartford, Conn., CoitrfHitof Nov. 22,1890,
thus describes the capture of 200 pounds
of honey in the roof of a Congregational
Church of that city :

Two hundred pounds of honey on the
roof of a church was the discovery made
yesterday afternoon in this city. There
may be a hundred more pounds where this
came from, and it is all of the very best
kind, stored by Italian bees. Early yester-
day morning C. L. Bullock, the steeple
climber, and his assistant, A. H. Jones,
ascended by ladders to the root of the
Windsor Avenue Congregational Chiu'ch.
On the top of the front wall, running on
both sides from the eaves to the ridge-pole,
is a hollow wooden casing which protects
the wall, and which is covered with tin.
For four or five years the bees have been
about the church, and it was known that
their home was in this sung little apart-
ment.

The first work of the hunters yesterday
was to lay back the tin covering of the
long section. Early in the afternoon the
boards were removed at the lower part
near the eaves, and there was exposed to
view a solid mass of honey three feet long,
over a foot thick, and several inches deep.
When this had been scooped up, Mr. Bul-
lock thought that he had cleaned out the
whole bee settlement, and considered the
haul a good one, more than worth the
trouble of the work. Just to make the
search perfect, however, another board was
taken up further up towards the ridge-pole,
and another bank of honey of the same size
was found. The whole netted six big pail-
fuls of the precious sweet. It will net a nice
little revenue for the church and Mr. Bul-
lock, between whom the proceeds will be
divided.

Mr. Bullock is not satisfied yet, and be-
lieves that there may be still another bee-
store somewhere in that hollow, wooden
casing, and will explore still further.

The place will be sealed up tightly, after
all the honey has been taken up, so that no
more bees will disturb the worship of the
Windsor Avenue congregation. Those that
are left there will starve, with their winter
supply of food gone.

The two climbers, yesterday, escaped
without a sting. Their faces were covered
with netting, and their hands with gloves,
but, after they had " pacified" the bees by
showing them that they " were not afraid
of them," as they explained it, the men
handled the dangerous little fellows with
impunity, brushing them off the combs, as
they would so much dust, and going up
and down the ladder with several of them
perched ou their coats and hats. One
crawled down Mr. Bullock's neck, "but I
knew enough not to pinch it," he said,
" and it did not offer to sting."

CIul>s of 5 New Subscriptions for S4.00,
to any addresses. Ten for $7.50.

806

T'MM MBIEMIC'Sf* MM'M JO'PKIfM't.

RHODE ISLAND.

A Visit to tbe Apiary of the
Agricultural Scliooi.

Written for the A.mericayi Bee Journal
BY C, B. JENKS.

" Little Rhody," although the small-
est State in the Union, is trying to
hold her own in bee-culture, as well
as in other industries.

Her Agricultural School is. I believe,
the onlj' one which gives to its stu-
dents a thorough practical knowledge
of bee-culture ; a thing, which, it is
hoped, will be introduced into other
Agricultural Schools, in time.

A friend of mine, who is also a bee-
man, and myself, started early one
morning in the latter part of Jul}-, to
visit this apiary, wliich, with the
school, is situated in Kingston, about
two miles from the railroad station.

The first thing that met our gaze as
we entered the apiar}- was, a swarm
of bees, which had apparently just
issued. We found Mr. Cushman. and
notified him of the fact. The swarm
was a large one, and hung very
prettily from a limb, so it was photo-
graphed before being " hived."

The hives used in this apiarj' are
the Rhode Island Siniplicitj', and are
winter-proof, ground cork being used
for packing, The entrance to the
hive is through the bottom of the case,
which also serves as a bottom to
the brood-charaber. There are nine
frames, the tops and ends being partly
closed. The super is about half the
depth of the brood-chamber, and con-
tains half-depth wide frames, each
frame holding four boxes; then, when
it is desired to obtain honey for ex-
tracting, half-depth, wide frames can
be used.

When the hive is closed for winter,
small cleats are laid on top of the
brood-chamber ; over these is laid a
piece of muslin, and on top of this a
cushion, or bag, filled with ground
cork, is placed. These hives present
a good appearance, and bees winter
in them with good success.

There was one hive placed on the
scales, which showed the daily amount
of honey gathered by the bee.s. A
partial record of this hive, I believe,
appeared in this Journal, of October 4.
In the honej-house was an obser-
vatory-hive, which is probably of much
interest to some visitors. Mr. Cush-
man showed us his collection of hives,
which is a fine one ; showing the
variety used by bee-keepers in various
sections of the country, and is worthy

of the examination of all persons
interested in bee-culture, who can see
them. This collection was on exhibi-
tion at the State Fair.

The apiary as a whole, presented
a verj' neat and clean appearance, and
the fine display of honey and bees, at
the Rhode Island State Fair, which it
furnished, shows with what care and
understanding it is managed.

Pautucket. R. 1.

SWARMS.

My Mcliiod of Making Artificial
Increase.

Read at the S. W, Wisconsin, Convention,

BY E. FRANCE.

From the fact, that we can rear a
queen from eggs only, that would rear
a worker, makes it possible to produce
artificial swarms, or colonies, of bees.
We can divide a good colony into two
or more parts, and let the queenless
part, or parts, rear a queen from the
eggs, or very young worker brood.
Then each part becomes a perfect col-
on}' of bees, either as a small nucleus,
such as queen-breeders use — or, an
ordinarj' colony, capable of honey
production.

The large colony is the only one that
I propose to deal with. As we are not
rearing queens for sale, but want our
bees to produce as much honey as pos-
sible, we try to keep all of our colonies
as strong as we can, and do not permit
swarming naturalh'. So. in the Spring
we build up the weak colony first, by
taking brood from the strong ones.
When we have got them all strong.
and our large hives are full of bees,
and hone}' is coming in rapidly, then
the bees would be likely to swarm.
We do not want them to swarm, as
there is no one there to hive the bees.

We make one new colony in place
of making two or more parts of one
colony. We make it from three to six
old colonies, according to circum-
stances. From a good, strong colony,
we take, usually, two combs and some
bees, being sure to leave the queen
with the old colony. We put into the
old colony two empty combs, or t^yo
empty frames, with comb-foundation
starters. We then put the two combs
taken from the old colony into an
empty hive. Then in the same way
we take more combs from other old
colonies, until we have enough combs
and bees to fill our new hive. Have
.all the combs full of brood, with a
little honey ; we do not want this col-
ony to huilil any combs until they have
a matured queen.

For the first two or tliroe days this
colony will not do much more than
take care of their brood ; after that,

they are the best honey-gatherers ia
the apiary. When we visit this apiary
again, in a week or ten days, we cut
the queen-cells down to one. We
clip the wings of all of our queens.
We cannot manage out-apiaries in any
other way. We make all of our new-
colonies by division. As we only visit
the out-apiaries once in a week or ten
days, there is no one there to look
after the bees when we are away.

One great advantage in making
increase by this method is. we never
have any late swarms, with empty
hives to till, for we fill the hives to-
commence with ; and for the last
new ones we should take but one
comb from each old colony. If the bees-
do not build the one comb, they will
winter without it. But we do not take
a comb out of a hive unless there is a
fair prospect of their building another.

Platteville, Wis.

DRONES.

Do Swarms Occur before Tliere-
are Drones.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY DR. Wjr. r. CAKPENTEB.

Under the head of "Queries," ou'
page 740, I find the question asked b}"
some novice, (perhaps like myself).
• ■ Do bees ever cast swarms before
they have drones in the Spring ?"

In answer to this, is the opinion of
a number of prominent bee-culturists.
whose long experience in the business,
judging by their frequent contributions
to bee literature, has given me great
surprise. I notice that some reply in
the negative, and others seem in doubt
if such ever occurs.

Permit me to state what occurred
among my own bees tliis season. I
wintered (5 colonies ; five were good
strong ones, and one ( a third cast, of
last year), quite small; but all came
out in good condition in the Spring.
Being unable to sec to, and handle
them when swarming-time came, I
was compelled to sit by and .allow
them to have their own way.

Two of the largest colonies made
their accustomed preparations), as I
interpreted their movements), to-
swarm, for a number of days. I sat
where I could see them each day, but
as I saw no drones, I did not expect
them to leave ; but, strange to say.
they finally swarmed and left me. I
had every chance to see that there was-
not a single drone, nor any drones left
among those that remained. I saw no-
drones among my hives until very late
in the season, and only a very few
then, although every one was well
provided with honey.

TMW MVmmMIC;mM MMW j&wmnRi^,

807

Now, the queerest part of the mat-
ter to me, was, that after the two
swarms had been gone away some
weeks, I discovered robliers at work ;
and, on having the hives lifted and
examined, I found them in full pos-
session of the hive, with every inch of
comb stored with honey, but no queen,
and only about a pint of bees.

What brought about this state of
affairs? Did they rear no (jueen, or
was she lost on her wedding trip ? Or,
not meeting the admirers she sought,
returned home and died of single
misery ? These are the facts in the
case, without guess work.

If any of the older heads can ex-
plain, I am open to conviction, The
other four colonies cast no swarms this
year, and are strong to-day.

Leavenworth. Kas.. Nov. 10, 1890.

BOX HIVES.

my Melliod of Hancllin;; Black
Bees in Box-Ilives.

Written for the American Bee Journal
BY A. N. DRAPER.

As mj- favorite way of handling a
box-hive of black bees differs from any
I have ever read of, I will describe it.
Before the white clover begins to yield
heavily, I drum all the bees out of the
box-hive, and either hive them on
comb-foundation, empty comb, or
select five or six combs of brood from
as many other colonies, and mix with
the empty combs, and place them
on the stand where the box-hive stood.

Then I take the box-hive to a stand
occupied by a good, strong nucleus,
with a young queen just beginning
to lay, or, having tilled the nucleus
combs with eggs. The box-hive is to
occupy the place of the nucleus. Put
the queen at the entrance of the box-
hive, and shake about a pint of bees
off from one of the combs to run in
with her. Place the nucleus on a
new stand, and the next day let a
just-hatched queen from the nursery
run on to the combs of the nucleus
from above. You will be surprised to
see how quickly the box-hive will
become filled with bees.

If it is increase that is vvanted, this
can be repeated sevenal times in a
season, especially if there is a plenty
of empty comb, or full sheets of
comb-foundation.

When the last of October, or first of
November comes, and the bees stop
breeding, and the brood is all hatched
out, I drum the bees out of the box-hive,
and drive them on frames of honey
gathered by other colonies. Now the
honey and wax from the box-hive can
be disposed of, as may seem best.

As no one one pretends to buy box-
hives, unless it is to increase his stock,
I believe this is the most profitabh;
way a box-hive can be managed.

Upper Alton, 111.

FOUL BROOD.

T,lic Caii^e and Cure of that
Dire Di§ease.

From Bulletin 33, Bureau of Industries.

BY WM. M'EVOY.

Foul brood is a disease that is caused
by the rotting of uncared-for brood.
It usually originates in Spring, in
weak colonies that have spring-
dwindled so badly that they have not
bees enough left to cover or care for
all the brood ; and if the Spring keeps
raw and backward, the bees will
crowd together to keep each other
warm, leaving the uncared-for brood
to die and rot in the cells. The bi'ood
covered by the bees, in time hatches,
which so increases the force of the col-
ony that a wider circle of comb is
covered by the bees, taking in the
space occupied by the decaying brood.
Then the brood that is fed in these
cells, where brood lately rotted down,
will have to consume their food mixed
with the remains of decayed brood ; and
that is the real and only cause of foul
brood.

Some will say, that many a time
they have put combs with decayed
brood, in colonies, and never saw any
bad results. Very true; but they do
such things in the honey season, and
put them in the strongest colonies,
where the bees will clean them out at
once. If we want our colonies to keep
in a healthy state, we must keep all
decayed brood out of them.

Foul brood will be almost a thing of
the past when every bee-keeper knows
the real cause of it, looks after his
bees in the Spring, and sees that the
brood is well cared-for in every hive ;
and those that are not really strong
must be crowded up on a few combs
by using division-boards. The young
bee destroyed by foul brood first turns
yellow ; as it decays further, it be-
comes brown, rotten, ropy matter, and
many of the capped cells will be
sunken a little in the capping, with a
small hole in each. The disease is
spread by the bees robbing foul brood
colonies, and they carry the disease
just in proportion to the amount of
diseased honey they carry to their own
hives.

In the honey season, when the bees
are gathering honey freely, remove
the combs and shake the bees into
their own hives in the evening, give
them comb-foundation starters, and

let them build comb for four days. In
the evening of the fourth day, remove
the comb and give them foundation to
work out, and the cure will be com-
plete. Fill an empty, two-stor3' hive
with the combs of foul broo<l that have
been removed from two or more dis-
eased colonies ; close them up for two
days; after that open the entrance,
and when most of the .sound brood is
hatched, remove those combs and give
the bees starters of foundation in a
single hive, and let them build combs
for four days. Then, in the evening
of the fourth day, take out those new
combs and give them foundation to
work out.

Let it be remembered, that all these
operations should be performed in the
honey season, and done in the eve-
nings, so that the bees will become
settled down before morning. Before
extracting from the diseased combs,
all the combs that were not sealed.
must be cut out of the frames, or some
of the decayed brood will be thrown
out with the honey. Then, after cut-
ting out the unsealed comb, uncap the
sealed honey, extract it, and bring it
to a boil. All the foul combs, and the
new combs that were built in the four
days, must be made into wax, and the
dross from the wax extractor miist be
buried, because what runs out with
the wax would not be heated enough
to kill the spores ; and if it were
thrown out where the bees could get
at it. it would start the disease again.
When the diseased brood that was
placed in the two-story hive is hatched
and the bees are given full sheets of
foundation, then they should at once
be given a queen-cell, ready to hatch
out, or a young queen. Then evei'y-
thing will be all right.

Woodburn, Ont.

CARNIOLANS.

A Further Reply to Criticisms
on their Merits.

Written Jar the American Bee Journal
BY C. J. ROBINSON.

When I lightly criticised Mr. Shuck's
first article on Carniolan bees. I was
not aware that he gave professional
charts on phrenology ; but in his later
article he volunteers to publish one for
me, according to "such rules as are
laid down by expert phrenologists."
Thanks. I know that personal reflect-
ions offered by Professor Shuck are
complimentary.

Of course, "hit birds" flutter, and
some creatui'es, when severely
wounded, rise and attack; though the
wound was inflicted for the same
reason that the skillful surgeon
wound.s — to heal.

808

TMm rn'mmmiGmm mmw j^^mkhiu.

The gist of my criticism ou Mi'.
Shuck was, in pointing to his incon-
sistent statements. He wrote — first
line: "In May. 1889, I purchased
a select, tested Carniolan queen."
This was his first "experience with
this race of bees." He did not men-
tion the name of the bees, or the
colony he put the queen into. The
queen was put into the colony in May.
Probably it was before the queen got
to laying ; and on the 2d day of July,
following. ( a period of one month-
plus a few da3's). he was in the posses.s-
ion of a queen, of a certain race. Then
he announces that Clarnolian bees had
been tested by him, and he found
them to be worthless, compared with
Italians, and with blacks ; and in
consequence of his introducing a
Caruiolan queen into one of his colo-
nies, less than two months before, h^^
estimated that his "crop of honey
would be 1.000 pounds short that
year." ! ! ! This is just what his
record shows, on pages 488-89.

Because Mr. Shuck has such as he
names Italian bees, ( with different
crosses), he fain would, and fancies
that his pen has, sent the fame of the
justly-extolled Carniolan bees to the
shades, " where the woodbine twi-
neth."

In returning Mr. Shuck's personal
compliment, I ask this: -Judging
him by such rules as are laid down "
by sensible mortals — can it be said of
him that "he is overbalanced in the
direction" of intelligence ?

Richford, N. Y.

[This controversy having assumed
a personal one. is concluded with the
above. To be pleasant and profitable,
discussions should be on the merits of
the questions involved — minus all
personalities, We have omitted con-
siderable that was written by both
controversialists, simply because of its
personalities."^Suj?hJ_are~always un-
pleasant, and of no interest to the
ordinary reader Ed.]

PENNSYLVANIA.

A Year's Work in tlie] Apiary,
and it!* Results.

Written Jor the American Bee Journal

BY H. P. JONES.

The flood of 1889 can-ied away my
promising little apiai-y of 16 colonies,
which had survived the winter. They
were all in first-class condition, but
shared the same fate as 20 new hives,
together with smokers and other nec-
essary uten.sils. Everything was swept

away, and the ground on which they
stood.

This was discouraging, but did not
discourage entirely. I had sold a
neighbor a colony of Italians, with an
old queen (reared by Prof. A. J. Cook).
This colony proved very prolific. It
was a swarm from July, 1888 ; was
wintered well, and swarmed three
times in May, once in June, once in
July, and cast its last swarm on Aug.5.
I bought a half interest in this small
beginning, and gave my personal
attention to their care. The first
colony gave two fine swarms, and a
crop of 70 pounds of comb-honey. Our
crop of honey that year (1889). was
fair ; this year it is not as good. The
Spring opened early, and found all
colonies strong in both bees and honey,
but the opening of the fruit-blossoms
brought cold rains, and it continued
cold and wet until all the blossoms had
disappeared. During this time all was
consumption and no production ; so
by the time white clover began to
bloom, the winter stores were about
exhausted, and few bees were left in
the colonies. Many of the old bees
had passed away, the rearing of young
bees had ceased, and all the colonies
had destroyed their drones.

Prospects looked anything but favor-
able. While the white clover looked
like a little snow-shower on the grass,
it contained scareeh' any nectar, and
the bees seemed to pay no attention to
its white, inviting bloom. Next came
the basswood ; the bees worked on it
for two days, and then abandoned it.
Thus, but little was stored from bass-
wood. But during the short interval
which they worked on it. they started
brood-rearing, and by the middle of
July a number of colonies were well
supplied with bees, but no honey.

Next came what is fcommonly called
milk-weed. All hands were at work,
and the sections were re-sorted, most
of them filling tlieir supers, but still
neglecting their brood-chambers. I
say this, because my personal examina-
tion revealed the fact. Some of them
had their single supers, holding 24
one-pound sections, well filled, and
not more than 2 or 3 pounds of honey
below. The honey stored was the
most nauseous stutt' ever gathered by
bees. It seemed novv as if we must
feed our bees or suffer the loss of
them.

August 26, the work began on the
Fall flowers. Brood-rearing, filling
brood-chambers, and work in the sec-
tions, all went on at the same time ;
and had they been in as good condition
as the previous year, some would have
stored 100 pounds of surplus. But all
filled their brood-chambers, and also
filled some surplus boxes. This is au
excellent, amber-colored, heavy honey.

All of my swarms were late, none
issuing until June 10, another July 4,
and a few in August. One. of Aug.
V.i, has 10 frames well tilled, but I
gave them no opportunity to store any
above.

I captured a large swarm of blacks
that came from the woods, and gave
them an Italian queen ; they have their
frames well tilled. I have, in all, 16
colonies packed for winter. In this
section I prefer out-door wintering.
My mode of wintering is. after remov-
ing the supers, not too early, say the
last of October, put a box 6 or 7 inches
high on top of the cloth, fill with
forest leaves, cover, and say good-bye
for the winter. B?eS thus stored, hav-
ing a good supplj- of honey, and of
young bees, will not fail to give good
results the following season.

I bought 3 colonies of Carniolans
from the Pratt bee-farm, last Spring,
and placed one in my own yard, so as
to watch closely, and learn their ad-
vantages over Italians. I cannot give
a report yet, as the one I have was
nearly destroyed on the transit, not
more than one pint of bees being left ;
the queen, nevertheless, was in good
condition.

They have built up rapidly, and
now are a strong colony with 8 frames
well filled. One thing I can say, and
the entire family can vouch for the
truthfulness of the statement (having
had quite convincing evidence), and
that is, they are not stingless.

In conclusion, I will say that the
Bee Journal is a great source of
comfort, as well as of information. No
bee-keeper can aSbrd to be without it.

Renovo. Pa.. Nov. 19, 1890.

FOUL BROOD.

Some Details of my Experiments
in Its Cure.

Written for the American Bm Journal
BY A. KOEPPEN.

On page 763, ( Nov. 15), Mr. Allen
Pringle. of Selby, Ont., gives his
experience in curing foul brood. My
expei'ience has been just the reverse,
and so I report the result.

I have been troubled by foul brood
for over four yeai's. and have tried all
the cures I have heard of. This Spring,
in May, I had .37 lolonies, and they
were all well and in good condition.
During the white-clover season, in
June, I looked them over and found 7
diseased. I gave tliem the cure that
Mr. Pringle named, but all except one
of the sick ones left their hives, and
were gone before I knew it.

During the basswood season, in
July, I again found 12 or 14 diseased.

TTM® mmamm^cM.u mmm jovitimmi^.

800

To urge them to stay, I put in some
foundation; but almost all of them left
their hives without any noise that
was noticable. so we could not tell
they were swarming out. Mr. Pringlo
says, give them foundation four days
afterwards. Now, I do not see how
I could, as I did not know where
they were. What he s.aj-s about
curing foul brood in the Fall, seems
to me a hard thing, not having enough
sealed comb to make the experiment.

Three years ago, late in the Fall. 3
colonies were entirely rotteu. I
cleaned them out, and gave them
empty comb and medicated sugar-
syrup. These, the next ye.ar, were
my best colonies, and they never had
the disease again. Some that I cured
in July, caught the disease again this
Fall. I have fed my bees $S worth of
sugar, but at the same time they
seemed in a starving condition. My
bees have had to be put together so
much, that they have been reduced to
onlj"- 3 colonies.

I am an old bee-keeper ; have been
in the business since I \yas a child. I
have been among them, and have kept
them, myself, for over 30 years, and
do not know what to think of this con-
dition of things. I have always read
the leading bee-jjapers from Germany
and this country. I have never heard
of such a case before.

Flint, Mich.

JAPAN CLOVER.

Some Facts About this Honey-
Plant.

Written for the American Bee Jovmal
BY DAYTON E. BARKER.

The following article I have taken
from the American Farmer, treating on
Japan clover. It may be of interest to
some of the readers of the American
Bee Journal, should you think it
worthy of publication : •• I am prompt-
ed to send this article hy the fact that
this same clover is beginning to take a
strong hold in ^ Southern Missouri.
Wherever it makes its appearance, it
spreads vei-y rapidly, and completely
covers the ground in a short time. It
seems to thrive on any kind of soil ; on
the highest as well as on the lowest
ground, and on the stoniest as well as
on the stoneless land. Japan clover is
a member of the clover family (Lespe-
deza slriala). Introduced Into the
Southern States, and has had much
said both for and against it. It is a
native of Japan, and is considered of
more and more value year by year, as
its merits become better known.

"I will here give a description copied
from the ■ American Encyclopa>(lia of

Agriculture,' which says : ' It is a low,
perennial plant, not rising much above
the ground, hut spreading widely im
the surface. It belongs to the Leguni-
inans family of plants, which includes
the common clover, bean, pea, etc.
The leaves are very small, trifoliate,
and very numei'ous. The flowers are
exceedingly small, and are produced
in the axils between the leaf and stem,
and the fruit is a small, flatish pod.'

•• Mr. Killebrew says concerning it :
• About the year 1849, it was noticed
in the vicinity of Charleston, S. C. the
seeds having been brought from China
or Japan in tea-boxes. A short time
afterwards, it was discovered at a dis-
tance of iovly miles from Charleston,
but growing with great luxuriance on
the poorest soils, and retaining vitality
in its severest drouths. It is said to be
a fine plant for grazing, and being a
perennial, neeils no re-sowing, and but
little attention. On soils untitfor any-
thing else, it furnishes good pasturage,
and supplies a heavy green crop for
tuining under and improving the
land."

Mr. Green, of Tennessee, says :
"This clover made its appearance in
our localitj' in 1870, and it is fast cov-
ering the whole country ; it supplies
much grazing from the Hrst of August
until frost."

If anj' bee-keeper has had any ex-
perience withtlie Japan clover, as well
as witli the white clover, I would like
to learn what is the diflerence between
the two clovers, and which one is the
best honey-pi'oducing plant.

St. Joseph, Mo.

PAINTING HIVES.

UoAV and When to Paint-
injar Bees, etc*.

Feed-

Writtenfor the Prairie Farmer.

BY MRS. L. HARRISON.

The fine Indian-summer weather
with which we have been favored of
late, and of which we would fain have
a further supply cut from the same
web, makes the pi-esent a good time
for painting hives. If it is a little
cool, the bees will not disturb the
workman, and there are no insects
flying to get fast in the new paint. A
leaky 'roof is an abomination to a
colony.

For the lower hive we use white
lead and linseed oil ; for the upper
stoi-y, Venetian red and oil, with a
little white lead added, to give it body.
If we wish to vary the color of the
hives in the apiary, we use a little
burnt umber, more or less. This, in
combination with Venetian red and

white lead, gives almost any of the
neutral tints.

In a late visit to the Dailants. I saw
a large collection of blocks painted in
ver3- briglit colors of green, red. yel-
low, purple and white. In answer to
n)y in(|uiric's as to what they were
for, I was told tliat hives were formerlj'
painted in ditterent colors, so that
queens coidd distinguish their own
hives on their return from bridal
tours ; but, instead of this, these
blocks were now used. Tliey are
about two inches square, and six
inches in length, with one end cut oft'
diagonally. These blocks are also
used to regulate the size of the fly-
entrance, either decreasing or increas-
ing it at discretion.

FEEDING BEE.S.

A poor honey season is a good one
to judge of the merits or demerits of
bees. When the honey-flow is ver3-
abundant, the natives appear to keep
up in the race, but during a poor sea-
son they are distanced. I have taken
oft' surplus in the Fall from native bees,
and found their cupboard bare. Italians
in the same condition would have un-
capped everj- cell, carried every drop
into the brood-chamber, and been ■' as
snug as a bug in a rug" for cold
weather.

There was very little swarming in
this locality in the past season, conse-
quently but few colonies need feeding
— only six in an apiary of one hundi-ed
colonies, and these were principally
nuclei, which had been formed for the
purpose of rearing queens. The wind
were tempered to the shorn lamb, for
the days were warm the first of the
month of November, the thermometer
indicating 60^ in the shade I im-
proved these warm days in feeding
these small colonies,

CELLARS FOR BEES.

Those contemplating putting bees
into the cellar to pass the winter,
should give these repositories a first-
class overhauling — no make-believe,
or promising to do better next time
will answer. If the repository is un-
der the dwelling, it should be done
away with, for the health of the occu-
pants. Sweep it over-head, sides and
floor, and give it a coat of whitewash,
for lime is a great deodorizer. I never
had any comfort with my cellar until I
had a sub-earth ventilator, made of 6-
inch tile, bringing fresh air from out-
of-doors into the bottom of the cellar.
A window hung on hinges is just above
the ground, and can be opened as cir-
cumstances demand. It is open now.
and has been for months, the air con-
tinually changing. The tile coming
above ground is covered with per-
forated tin to keep out I'ats. mice, toads

810

Tm@' m^mmmi^mM mmw 3Q>wMHmL„

^*-^^^-^-'

aud snakes ; and the window is covered
with wire-gauze.

WINTEKING OUT OF DOORS.

The apiarist in charge of the bees of
the Messrs. Dadaut & Son. showed us
how he prepared bees to remain upon
their summer stands. Straw mats.
that wej"e made by wea\ing straw with
strong twine, were used to cover the
combs — tliese woven mats are also
used, in like manner, by the Muths. of
Cincinnati. O. Above the mats, dry
leaves are used for packing, and a
light fence, made of little boards, and
fastened together with twine, is driven
into the ground, around three sides of
the lower liivo, and the space tilled
with dry leaves. I liave used dry
leaves for packing, and the bees win-
tered well.

Peoria, Ills.

NECTAR.

Some Observation* Altoiit tlic
Flow of Honey.

Wrttten for the American Bee Journal
BY JOSHnA BDLL.

In Prof. A. J. Cook's essay read at
the Convention at Keokuk, on "The
Requisites Necessary to Secure a Honey
Crop," as appears in the American
Bee Journal on pages 776 and 777,
he puts forth the theory that the
cause of the partial failure of the
honey crop, this year, was due to a
want of vitality in the clover roots, in
consequence of unfavorable conditions
for this preparatory' work last year.

Now, whilst there may be some
philosophy in the Professor's theory,
yet I do not think that it covers the
whole ground, and may not be even
the primary cause of failure ; at least
not in this locality during the past sea-
son, for clover had a lu.xuriant growth,
and an abundant bloom, with us, last
summer ; aud sometimes it yielded
nectar freely ; at other times, it did
not.

I do npt wish to take issue, or in
any way stand in opposition to our
highly-esteemed friend. Prof. A. J.
Cook; but inasmuch as he has invited
an expression of opinion upon this
subject, "in the hope that we may
reach a solution," I will venture to
oflfer for consideration some facts
gathered from my own experience.

On June 18, 1889, I hived a swarm
of bees, and set them on scales ; clover
was then just getting well into bloom.
On the next day the thermometerwent
up to 92° ; on the 19th, they stored 10
pounds of lioney ; on the 20th. it rained
all day, and bees did nothing, but no
lightning and thunder accompanied

the rain. (Please make a note of this.
for I think this has an important bear-
ing upon the subject under considera-
tion.)

On the 21st. the rain being over, the
thermometer stood at 72°, and the bees
stored 9 pounds of honey. On the
22d. the thermometer stood at 86-.and
they gained 8 pounds. On the 23d,
the thermometer stood at 82'"*, and 9
pounds was gathered. On the 24th.
the thermometer stood at 96° and 9
pounds was added. Thus in five days
(counting out the rainy day) they had
stored 45 pounds of honey, the scales
being balanced anew every morning,
on account of shrinkage by evapora-
tion during the night.

But now there comes a change in
the atmosphere. On the morning of
the 25th, a dense fog settled down
upon us ; this, however, soon cleared
away when the sun was well up in the
sky, and then the day became bright
and clear ; but the bees were slow in
going to the fields. The atmosphere
was sultry. At 2 o'clock the tliermom-
eter rose to 102'-' in the coolest shade,
on the north side of the honey-house.
At night, we found that the bees on the
scales had scored only 3 pounds of
honey on that day. During tlie night.
between the 25th and 26th. we had a
shower, accompanied witli sharp,
piercing flashes of lightning and heavy
thunder, which shook the very earth.
The next day, the 26th, was clear and
calm, but not an ounce of honey did
the bees gather. From this time on-
ward, for the next three weeks, this
colony on the scales made an average
gain of only one pound per day, or
just 20 pounds in twenty days. Mean-
while we had. occasionally, heavy
thunder.

In view of the foregoing facts, and
many other observations of a similar
nature which have come within my
cognizance in years past, I am of the
opinion that the flow of nectar in
flowers is almost entirely dependent
upon certain atmospheric conditions.
When the conditions are right, nectar
will flow freely, even though the
bloom may be meager ; when they are
wanting, nectar will not flow, to any
considerable extent, no matte)- how
abundant the flowers may bloom, or
whatever other conditions may exist.
Other things being equal. I think that
the bees will store honey faster, and
of better quality, when the weather
is ((uite dry, even too dry for a thrifty
growth of vegetation. At such time
the nectar is thicker, and does not
shrink so much by evaporation, as
wlien, by frequent showers, it becomes
diluted with rain-water, which also
injures the flavor and color.

Just what the necessary conditions
are to insure a good honey crop, I

will not attempt to explain, for " I
don't know," but I am of the impres-
sion that electricity has very much to
do with it. If there be just suflicient
quantity of that element present in the
atmosphere to produce the needful
quantity of rain, without much thun-
der, we get more honey than when we
have frequent heav}- thunder-storms.

I have noticed that bees will some-
times store honey quite freelj' when it
rains almost ever}- day. if there is not
much thunder. On the other hand,
they will gather it more rapidly when
the weather is quite dry. I have
noticed many times, that a violent
thunder-storm would (if I may be al-
lowed to use the expression) seem to
frighten the nectar out of the flowers ;
and it generally takes several days, or
a week, for them to recover their
normal condition. The logical con-
clusion of my observations would stand
thus : When we have frequent storms,
with heavy discharges of electricity, in
the form of lightning and thunder. th6
honey-How is apt to be light ; but when
there is less thunder and lightning,
there is more honey in the flowers. Or,
in other words :

When pealing thunders .shake the ground.
And rend the air with fearful sound ;
Much nectar will not then be found

Within the timid flowers.
But if the gentle rain descends
Without the lightning-flash, which rends
The drops of nectar from their kens,

The honey crop is ours.

That is the way it seems to work in
this locality, and I would like to know
if any one has observed similar results
in other places. Who will be the next
to rise and explain ?

Seymour, Wis.

Xliose Wlio Have any honey to
dispose of should use the Honey Almanac
as a salesman. We have a few left for this
year, and offer them at X price. See
page 813 of this paper.

ConTenti»n IVotices.

B^~The8th semi-annual meeting of the Susque-
hanna County Bee-Keepers' Association will be held
at Montrose, Pa., on Thursday. May 7. 1891.

H. M. Seklet. Sec.

J^" The Carolina Bee-lCeepers' Association, will
hold the last session of XS'jt> in the Town Hall, Pine-
ville, N. C. Dec. IS, 19. A pood prograrame. All
wlio feel an interest in modern bee-culture are cor-
dially invited. Bring or send a full report of the
season. Kntertainment free.

(Other papers please copy.l

N. P. Lyles, Sec, Derita, N. C.

ffS^ The Annual Meeting of the Northern Illinois
Bee-Keepers' Association, will be held in the Super-
visor's Room of the <'ourt House, at Rockford, Ills.,
on Dec. Ifvl7, IHWi. The president has a good Pro-
gramme in course of preparation.

D. A. Fuller, Sec.

8^~ 'I'he annual meeting of the Huron. Tuscola,
and Sanilac Counties Bee-Keepers' Association, will
be held at the Court House at Bad Axe, Huron Co..
Mich., on Wednesday, Dec. 10. I8iM\ Al! are cordially
invited to attend. Joh.n G. Kdndinqek. Sec.

•rHi? mjmmmi€:mn b.e» j©oR]Mai<.

811

COIVVENTION DIRECTORY.

Time and phtce of meeting.

Dec. 10.— Huron, Tuacola and Sanilac Counties, at
Bad Axe, Mlcb. John O. Kundinger, Sec.

Dec. 16, 17.~Nortliern lilinois, at Uocltlorcl, Ills.

D. A. Fuller. Sec. Cherry Valley, Ills.

Deo. IS, 19.— Carolin.T. at Pineviile, N. C.

N. P. Lyles, Sec, Derita, N. C.

Jan. 1, 2.~Michipnn State, pt Detroit. Mich.

II. D. Cutting. Sec, Clinton, Mich.

May 7.— Susquehanna County, at Montrose, Pa.

U. M. Seeley, Sec, Uarlord, Pa.

J^" In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time aud the place of
each future meeting. —The Editok.

North American Bee-Keepers' Association

President— P. H. Elwood. ..StiirkviUe, N. Y.
Secretary— C. P. Dadant Hamilton, Ills.

National Bee-Keepers' Union.

President— James Heddon ..Dowagiac, Mich.
Sec'y and Manager— T. G. Newman, Chicago.

simsiim

^t^

Veiililatioii iu Winter.

When packing the Langstroth portico-
hive in an outer box, or chaff hive, what is
the proper size of opening through each, in
front, to give suitable ventilation tor win-
ter ? I pack the hives all around, on top
and beneath, except in the portico.

Linneus, Mo. C. F. Collixs.

[As you do not pack chaff in the por-
tico, the ordinary entrance will give suffi-
cient ventilation for the bees in winter.
Then the bees, it wintering well, are almost
dormant, aud require but little air. — En.]

Union Bce-Ueepers^" Convention.

I wish to correct a few mistakes made by
the Secretary of the Union Bee Keepers'
Convention, in his report, in the American
Bee JouKXAL, of Nov. 1, 1890, on page 730.

L.N. Black asked: "How old must
a queen be when she mates with a drone,
in order to become prolific i" Mr. Wallace
answered : "From three to seven days.
Then she should lay in three or four days
from the time of mating. In other words,
a good queen usually lays on the eleventh
or twelfth day after she is hatched, if the
weather is favorable." This is what I said.

Mr. Lefler asked, " How do you rear the
most prolific queens T' Mr. Wallace re-
plied : " I now rear them in the strongest
and best colony, by taking the queen out
and letting them make queen cells. When
the cells are ten days old, I put a small
wire cap over as many cells as I desire
to save ; this is to keep them from being
destroyed after the first one is hatched out.
I do uot think of keeping the old queen in
the hive at the time of rearing, or making
cells."

There were some other small mistakes,
but they were not worth noticing. The
two mentioned make quite a difference in
the meaning. Thomas S. Wallace.

Clayton, Ills., Nov. 17, 1890.

I/I<|n«'lj'inis Honey.

Will granulated honey, if heated up to
the liquid point, and sealed air-tight, while
hot, granulate again ; or will it stay liquid'
Please answer this in the American Buk
Journal. Max Stepuexs.

[If it is heated to 300 degrees Fahr., and
then sealed up air-tight, while hot, it will
not granulate again while thus sealed up.
— Ed.I

A Poor Season.

Bees in this section have had a poor sea-
sou, aud a good many who have neglected
to feed the bees will have empty hives next
spring. I have an apiary of 40 colonies to
go into winter quarters with, and I have
fed more this season than ever before since
I can remember. I started in the spring of
1890 with 30 colonies, all in good condi-
tion except two. One lost its queen, and
the other was weak. I united them and
made a good colony. They increased to -15
colonies, and were doubled up to -10. I
usually take 50 or 60 pounds of surplus
comb-honey to the colony. I shall not this
year have more than 15 pounds to the
colony, spring count. I sell my honey in
my own and adjoining towns. I get 18
cents for one-pound sections. The season
opened up unfavorably. It was cold and
wet up to the last of May. We had a short
flow of white clover honey, then it came on
dry, and the bees just gathered enough to
supply their daily wants, then from the
middle of August to this date, it has been
very wet, and swarms that issued late have
starved, when not fed. I have fed all of
my new colonies, and part of the old ones.
I keep hybrids and pure Italians. Most all
in my locality keep black bees.

Frank A. HouonTox.

Harvard, Mass., Nov. 19, 1890.

l>rone!«.

Do drones

Please answer this query
ever gather honey and pollen ?
Decatur, Ills. R. T. Davis.

[No. Nature never intended them to do
such work, and therefore did not sujiply
them with the means of doing it. You
should get a good Manual and study it. —
Ed.]

I^o Surplus Honey.

Score another against Mr. Clarke, who
said our brethren across the northern
border were not Americans. If they are
not, who are they ? That is the question. I
began the season with 2 colonies, and ended
with 7, having lost 2, and got no surplus ;
but I am not discouraged, as I have not
heard of any one who is overloaded with
honey, in this section. M. E. Wilson.

Black River Falls, Wis., Nov. 30, 1890.

Insuring Bees.

Please inform me, through the American
Bee Journal, the name of any Fire In-
surance Company that will insure bees,
while in the cellar. Also their rates and
what value per colony they will insure
them for. E. L. Plumb.

Windsor, Conn., Nov. 18, 1890.

[We do not know of any Company that
will insure them. Since their experience,
some 16 years ago with Mrs. Tupper, all
that we know of refuse to take such risks.
—Ed.]

CoiunionerM.

If I wrote "consumers" in the 11th lino
of my letter, on page 780,1 never meant
it, but commimcrs. " Are drones com-
moners ; was what I meant to write, if it
was not so written. Would be sorry to be
so illinformad as not to know that drones
are connumers. If we have bee pl'js, the
drones would surely fill the bill.

T. F. KlXSEL.

[The writing was quite indistinct, and
looked like cunnumers ; so the printer "set
it up," and it slipped through. We cheer-
fully make the correction. — Ed. J

Xliirty Pounds to tlie Colony.

I have but a small apiary. 18 colonies,
but they are all going into winter quarters
in good condition. I have Italianized all
of them. This Fall they yielded about 30
pounds of surplus honey, per colony, in one-
pound sections. I never disturb, or take
honey from the lower story.

Joseph G. Banning.

Brookfield, Mo., Nov. 29, 1890.

Poor Season for Honey.

This has been the poorest season for
bees in several years. I have Italian bees,
but I formerly bad the blacks.

A. M. Mason.

Homer, Ga., Nov. 17, 1890.

Bee-Perlotlieals.

On page 729 the Rev. W. F. Clarke criti-
cizes the Canadian Bee Journal and one
of its editors respecting the payment of
contributors to bee-periodicals. Permit me
to say that I, and not Mr. Jones, am the
author of the paragraph which he takes as
his test, and that I had in my mind's eye
none other than him when I penned it, and
the shoe pinched so hard that it made
the wearer squeal. I left lots of room
for " such men as Prof. Cook, Heddon,
Doolittle, Cornell, McKnight, Holtermann,
Dr. Miller, and others." One of the above,
Mr. McKnight, never accepts pay for any
article he writes, and there is more solid,
practical sense in one of his articles than in
a dozen of Mr. Clarke's wordy discourses.

He says; "It is foreign to the true
literary instinct to write merely for pay."
Perhaps so, but Mr. Clarke's instinct is
" money first and money always," his own
statements to the contrary notwithstand-
ing. True, he does sometimes write with-
out pay, but he always has an object, and
not always a worthy one, in view, when he
does so. I suspect that the present article
is one of these, and his object, in this case,
was to get a rap at the Canadian Bee
Journal and its publishers, because they
pursue the even tenor of their svay without
reference to him, and without hi? assis-
tance. He is possessed with the idea that
he, and he only, can run a bee-periodical.
As an instance of this, about a year ago he
made the statement that he wished that he
" had continued the Amekicax Bee Jour-
nal." I replied, " Then there would not
have been any American Bee Journal
now."

Why does he bear a grudge against the
Canadian Bee Journal ? When it was
started, his advice was not asked, and this
he cannot forget. In fact, many of our
friends whom we did advise with, told us
to leave him severely alone, if we would
make a success of the venture. When the
American Bee Journal reduced its price
to one dollar per annum, he said. " It cut
off aft its paid contributors," and he was
one of the number. This he told me him

812

ntmm mv^mmi^mM mmm jQ>'&mmmi^.

self. He should have said that only the
"least valuable" coutributors were cut
off, because a glance at that Journ'ai, dur-
ing the succeeding years, shows that the
good ones were a)l retained. At any I'ate,
Mr. Clarke blamed this misfortune to us.
and be has repeatedly stated that we were
responsible for the cutting off of his " daily
bread" to the extent of $100 to $120 per
annum.

He says, speaking of the Canadinn Br.e
Journal, '• We have only half a bee-period-
ical when we might have had a whole one,
as good as the best," and reading between
the lines, we hear bim adding : " if you
had only taken my advice, and engaged mc
as its editor, as I wanted you to do, when I
went to Beetou, and tried to get j'ou to
discharge your local editor and engage me
as editor of both papers." Because we
would not do it, see the result ! We are
•' sat down upon," but I think we shall rise
without serious injur}'.

His reference to Mr. Jones I will leave
vcithout comment, further than to say that
it is a pity that Mr. Jones cannot put into
words what he l:nmvs, as easily as Mr.
Clarke can put into words what he does
not know. If it raises Mr. Clarke in the
estimation of bee-keepers generally, he is
welcome to it. He needs it. I regret that
I have taken up as much of your space, but
I felt that American bee-keepers would like
to have a peep " behind the scenes."

Beeton, Ont., Nov. 17, 1890.

F. H. Maophersox.

[These personal matters are very dis-
tasteful to us and our readers — both sides
having each had " one shot," let it suffice.
— Ed.1

more to produce it this way, but not so
very much more either, when one knows
just how to do it. Another point is that,
notwithstanding the short crop and scarcity
this season, I have kept the pkices dowx.
This has given me a broader sale ; conse-
quently, a better chance to introduce my
goods. Here let me say to. all supply
dealers, no matter what line of goods, I
believe that the cheapest method of adver
tising and building up a trade, is to furnish
such goods. as will give the best satisfac-
tion clear to the end. James Heddox.

Dowagiae, Mich., Nov. 14, 1890.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

In«1isiiia, State Fair.

In the list of premiums awarded at the
Indiana State Fair, I made two mistakes
on page 708. I noted Mr. Kirkpatrick as
1st on apiarian supplies, but he should
have had the 2d, and Mr. Zimmerman the
1st.

I mentioned Mr. Kirkpatrick having the
1st on wholesale packages and crates, and
Mr. Zimmerman the 2d ; but Mr Zimmer-
man should have had both 1st and 3d
premiums instead of one 2d.

As I sent the report and made the mis-
takes, I desire you to correct them.

Julius Moesch.

CiootI Honey Crop.

The honey season with us has been very
good. Our apiary has averaged about 100
pounds to the colony. We had a splendid
fall flow of nectar from golden rods and
asters, which grow in profusion here in
Shelby county. Mus. Belle Demauee.

Zilpah, Ky., Nov. 24, 1890.

Bee-Keeping: a Pleasnre.

With 9 colonies in good condition, I
started last spring. We had good weather,
but the bees did not gather much honey ;
and very little from white and Alsike
clovers. (Of the latter I had two acres.)
By Aug. 1, I got 80 pounds of comb honey,
and very little extracted-honey, and one
heavy swarm. Bee-keeping is a pleasure
for me, even if I do not make much by it.
I keep my bees in a bee house or shed, both
in summer aud winter. The space between
the hives and on top, I All with chaff. I
have learned a good deal from the Bee
Journal in a year, and all it has cost me is
one dollar. Charles Duclos.

Saginaw, Mich., Nov. 26, 1890.

TSo Swarms.

Last Fall I had 38 colonies of bees ; all
wintered well, but the Spring was so cold
and wet that they did not breed up very
much ; in fact, all the forepart of June it
was so wet that the bees could not work
half of the time. I got no swarms, and only
100 pounds of comb-honey, this season.
My bees are in good condition for winter,
but those of ray neighbors are in a starving
condition. They all use box hives. I have
the only frame hive in this town, and I use
Langstroth hives. J. C. Serven.

Wolcott, N. Y., Nov. 25, 1890.

cl,i;bbiiw<,; l,isx.

A Crop of 20,000 Pounds.

The little advertisemet I placed in the
Bee Jour.nal a short time ago, offering my
season's crop of honey for sale, has sold it
all, and my crop, for this year of about
20,000 pounds, is also gone. I hope that
my customers will .see this, and iiot put
themselves and me to trouble and expense
by ordering any more from me this year.
Perhaps I can do my lirother beekeepers
soriie good by telling them how I came to
sell my crop so <|uiokly. First, I have
learned how, and do, take the pains to pro-
duce and care for, after takiug out, my
extracted-honey in such manner that it is
ripe, and fully equal to any comb honey in
flavor and consistency. It costs a little

■We Cliil> the American Bee Jounuil
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the I.i AS'l'
column. The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book ;

Price of both. Club.
The American Bee Journal $1 00

and Gleanings in Bee-Culture 2 00 175

Bee-Keepers' Guide 150. ..140

Bee-Keepers' Review 150.. . 140

The Apiculturist 175 165

Bee- Keepers' Advance 1 50.

Canadian Bee Journal 2 00

American Bec-Keoper 150.

The 8 above-named papers 5 75 . .

and Langstroth Revised I Dadant) 3 00..
Cook's Manual (1K87 edition) 2 25..
Quinb3''s New Bee-Keeping:. 2 50..
Doolittle on Quecn-Iiearing. 2 00. .
Bees and Honey (Newman).. 2 00..
ISinderfor Am. Bee Journal. 1 60..
D/.ierzon's Bee-Bo<jk (cloth). R 00..
Root's ABC of Bee-Culture 2 25..

Farmer's Account Book 4 00 . .

Western World Guide 150..

150..
1 50 . .

1 50.
200..

2 00..
150..
2 25
200!!
2 00 .
2 00.

1 40
1 80
1 40
5 00

Hcddon's book, "Success,"

A Year Ainoiip- tho liees

Convention Hjuui-llook

Weekly 1 ul cr-Occau

Toronto G lohe ( weekly)

History of National Society.
American Poultry Journal..

The Lever (Temperance)

Orange Judd Farmer

Farm, Field aud Stockman..
Prairie Fai-mor 2 00 . . .

2 75
2 00
2 25
1 75
1 75

1 50

2 00
2 10
2 20
1 .'iO
1 40
1 35
1 30
1 75
1 70
1 25
1 50
1 75
1 65
1 65
1 65

CHICAGO, Nov. 26.— There is not the vol-
ume of trade usual at this season, yet prices
are without material change since last quota-
tions. Best lots of white honey in 1-pound
sections, brings 17(2l8c; brown and dark,
slow, at uncertain prices. Extracted. 7@8c
per pound. Our stock is light, as to quantity,
but is kept well up to demand by daily re-
ceipts. Beeswax, 27@28e.

R. A. BURNETT. 161 S. Water St.

DENVER, COLO., Nov. 28.-Flrst grade 1-lb.
sections, 16@:18c. Supply exceeds the demand
at present. Beeswax, 25{(528c.

J. >1. CLARK COM. CO.. 1517 Bl.ike St.

DETROIT, Nov. 27. -Comb honey in good
demand at 15@17c per lb. Extracted, 7(gl8c.
Beeswax, 27@28c.

M H. HUNT. BeU Branch, Mich.

NEW YORK. Oct. 24.— We quote: Fancy 1-
Ihs., white, 16(®18c.; 2-lbs., white, 14@l5c.
Ott grades, 14bs., 14ir/I5c.: 24bs.. 12(ai3c.
Buckwheat, 1-lbs., 12(r( 13c.; 2-lbs., 10@llc.—
Extracted, white clover and basswodd, 8(^8Hc
buckwheat. 7c.: California,6'.4@7 cents per lb
Southern, 70c per gallon.

HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
28-30 West Broadway.

KANSAS CITY. Nov. 28,— We quote 1-lb.
white comb, 16@18c: 1-lb. dark comb, 12@14c;
extracted, 5@7c. California 1-lb. white comb,
16@17c; 14b. extra C & C, 16c; 24b. extra
C & C, 14c; 24b. white, 15c; extr!icted,6'/2®7c.
CLEMONS, MASON & CO.,

Cor. 4th aud Walnut Sts.

CINCINNATI, Nov. 12.— There is a good de-
mand for all kinds of honey. Arrivals are
fair of all but comb honey and Southern ex-
tracted. Small lots only of each arc arriving,
and are sold immediately. California honey
seems to be as highly appreciated in our
market as the best clover honey. We quote
choice comb honey nominal at l'6(!jil8c per lb.
Extracted honej' at S'/a'^/ 8c per lb.

Beeswax is in good demand at 24(S26c., for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH & SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

CHICAGO, Nov. 25. — New honey arriving
very slowly, demand active, and all receipts
are taken promptly. We quote: White clover
14bs., 16@18c.: 2-lbs., 14(a)15c.; dark 1-lbs.,
ll@12c; 2-lbs., 9@10c. Extracted meets with
quick sale, values rarijriug from 6H@7i4 cts..
depending upon quaUt\- and style of package.
Beeswax, 28(a>30c.

S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.

BOSTON, Nov. 28.— We quote fancy white
1-pound combs, 19@20c; f.air to good, 18(g)19c.
No 2-lb. combs in the market. E.xtracted, 7@
9c. No beeswa.v on hand.

BLAKE & RIPLEY. 57 Chatham Street.

MILWAUKEE, Oct. 11.— Market is in good
condition for honey; demand is steady and
good values maintained, while the supply is
fair to meet the current demands. We quote"
Choice white 1-lbs., 17fL' 18c. ; good white 1-lbs.
16(ga7c. Dark and old 1-lbs., 10(®12c. E,T-
Iracted. white in barrels, 8!4@9c.; in kegs or
tin, 9(a.iii-/2C. ; dark, in barrels or kegs, 6(?^7c. —
Beeswax, 2e@30c.

A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.

ALBANY, N. Y., Nov. 22.— We are selling
white hone.v at 17(c"I9c; mixed, 15(§il6c;
buckwheat, i2f5il4c. The difference in these
prices is for different size combs, glassed and
unglassed. Extracted, light, S^j^lOc; amber,
7(fl}8c; dark, 6@7c. Beeswax, 28(»o0c.

H. R. WRIGHT, 320-328 Broadway.

I>o not send to us for sample copies
of any other papers. Send for such to the
publishers of the pajaers you want.

Free Trial Trip subscriptions are
coming in quite rapidly. We thank our
friends for this new illustration of their
personal interest in the Bee Journal. We
want thousands to read it for a few weeks
who did not know of its existence. Do not
be afraid of sending too many names. Let
us have the name and address of every
person who keeps bees in America.

TM® mummmicnu mmm jommnm^.

813

BUSINESS MANAGER.

xxsintss 3Jotices,

Catarrh, Catarrhal Deafness, Hay-
Fever — A new home treatment whereby the
worst cases of these hitherto incurable dis-
eases are permanently cured by a few
simple applications made once in two
weeks by the patient at home. A circular
describing the new treatment is sent to
any applicant free on receipt of stamp to
pay postage by A. H. Dixon & Son, sole
proprietors,345 West King Street.Toronto,
Canada. 49A 12Mtf

' Subscribers who do not receive their

papers promptly, should notify us at once.

l^f" Send us one new subscription, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

1^" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

I®" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.

m^" Send us two new subscriptions, with
$2.00, and we will present you with a
" Globe " Bee-Veil for your trouble. (See
the fuller notice in the advertising col-
umns.)

It^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

j^"" Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

1^" Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our Jouk-
NAL at $1.85 for the two; or with both our
Home Jouknal and Bee Joukxal for $2.25
for all three papers.

([^~ As there is another Arm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write American Bee
Jmimal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

^p~ Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

" 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 23

■' 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

1^" When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Joukxal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand Book
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

J^~ A "Binder" made especially for
the American Bee Journal, and lettered
In gold, makes a very convenient way of
preserving the copies of the Bee Journal
as fast as they are received. We offer it,
postpaid, for 60 cents ; or as a premium for
two new subscriptions, with $2.00. It can-
ii'.t be mailed to Canada.

The Bee Keepers' Advertiser " is
the name given to a 4-page circular just
issued by Henry Alley, of Wenham, Mass.
It is a kind of premium list for the " Api,"
we think. The Baj' State hive,with closed-
end-frames, receives some attention. It is
to be published quarterly at 25 cents a
year, and this is No. 1 of Vol. I.

The Honey Almanac

r CJ8T the thlDK needed to create a demand for
" HONEV at home. Bee-keepera should scatter
it freely. It shows the uses of Iloney for Medicine.
IfiatinK. DrinlilnK. Cooking, for makiaiir Cosmetics.
Vineiiar, etc.; also uses of BEKSWAX. Price, 5ct».:
25 copies for $1.10 ; .50 copies. 11.70; 75 copies, $2.30;
HX) for I2.y<t. The foreKOing are POSTPAID prices:
followinK are prices when sent by express or freight;
lonforia.50; Sfwfor $io.oo: 1,000 for I15.00. The
Bee-Keeper's CARD will be printed on the first page
without extra cost, when 25 or more are ordered at
one time.

We Have a Fe^v Hitmlreds left,
of the Honey Almanac for this year. They
should be used at once, and therefore we
offer them at wne-tliir<l the above prices.

THOS. G. NEWMAN ^t SON,
246 East Madison St„ - CHICAGO. ILL.

Xlie "Fariii-Ponltry" is a 20-page
monthly, published in Boston, at 50 cents
per year. It is issued with a colored cover
and is finely illustrated throughout.

We have arranged to club the American
Bee Journal with the Farm-Poultry at
$1.35 per year for the two. Or with the
Illustrated Home Journal at $1.75 for
the three.

^ due vtiscin cuts.

THE Queen I got of you last May has the
FINEST bees in this section— gentle and
admired tiy all who look at them.— J.D. Blood,
BiookHeki. Mo., Oct. 13, 1890.

Orrlers booked now for 1891— pay on arrival
of QUEENS. Enclose stamp for prices.
JACOB T. TIMFE, Grand Iiedg'e, Mich.

4nAit

i\fC7itiO)i the American Bee Journal.

Rural Life !

100 Pases— Price, 25 Cents.

RARELY is such a collection of valuable
ideas embodied in a pitmphlet like this.
Its scope is as broad as its title, and the matter
is presented in a concise, " boiled-down "
manner, giving experience of many in few
word« Among the subjects treated are these:
Economy; Prosperity and Adversity : Charac-
ter: Health; Remedies; Mistakes of Life: Is
Life worth Living: Domestic and Household
Attiiirs; Planting and Culture of Vegetables;
Planting, culture, trimming and training
Vines Ti'ees and Plants; Bees, Poultry, Live-
stock, Farm Topics, Pithy Paragraphs, etc. It
is neatly bound in paper covers, and has a
comprehensive inde.x.

FREE AS A PREMIUM Sfs ^l^ "^'iS^

nerson sending us one new subscriber for the
BEE JOURN.\L, or the HOME JOnRNAL.
with the subscription price lor a year.

THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES!

w^

E are prepared to furnish to Bee-Keepers
. . all kinds of Supplies promptly, and at
lowest rates. Correspondence solicited and
estimates gladly furnished, Our goods are all
made of the best material and are first-class
in every respect. Catalogues and Pnce-Lists
free. Reference— First Nat'l Bank, this place.
Address, WM. McCUNK & CO..
43Dly STERLING, ILL.

To t tiodiico them, one in every County or town fii'
nished relinble r'Ts""' feithfr sex) who Mill m-nniKP «
show it. Exfcl»li>r .Mii«U- l!o.vCo.. Cox2lA. N. ^.'..I'J

49Alt

Menti07i the American Bee Journal.

GROUND CORK

ForPaekingBees in Winter.

THIS consists of small pieces about the
size of a pea, and is an excellent thing for
packing Bees in winter. Prices : In original
packages of 100 pounds, $1,00, measuring 14
bushels.; smaller quantities, 10 cents per lb,:
or a seamless sack, containing 15 lbs., $1.00.

THOS. a. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

TniA Waabv Fromreeeipt of order (cash with
InU lltJCKs the order) Cary, Langstroth or
Standard Langstroth Frame Hives, Automatic
Foundation-holding frames, in the flat, $1.00;
nailed and painted, $1.50. Best work and
material. Any hive to order at low prices.
Write me. E. A. Baldwin, West Upton, Mass.
47Dtf
Mention the American Bee Journal.

Scientific Queen-Rearing

AS PKACTICAfcl-Y APPtlED ;

Being a Method by which the very best or

Queeu-Bees are reared in perfect accord

with Nature's Way ; by

a. M. DOOLITTLE.

In this book the author details the results
of his Experiments in Rearing Queen-Bees for
the past four or five years, and is the first
to present his discoveries to the World.

Bound in Cloth— 176 pages— Price, $1.00,
postpaid ; or, it will be Clubbed with the
American Bee Journal one year, for $1.75 —
with the Illustrated Home Journal, for SI. 25 ;
or the two Journals and the Book for $2.00.

THOS. G. NEAVMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street. CHICAGO, ILL

814

TMm m's^mmi^mm mmm joi^mmmLf,

PATENTS !

PATENTS, Caveats, and Trade-Marks pro-
cured, Rejected Applications Revived and
Prosecuted. All business before tbe V. S.
Patent OfBco promptly attended to for mod-
erate fees, and no chare:*- made unless Patent
is secured. Send for "INVENTOR'S GUIDE."
FRANKI.IN H. H0I'4;H,
31Ctf WASHINGTON. D.C.

Barnes' Foot-Power Machinery.

Read what J.I. Parent. of
Charlton, N.Y.,8ay8— "We
cut with one of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter
50 chaff hives with 7-ln. cap,
KM.' honey-racks, 500 broad
frames, 2,0<m.j honey-boies
and a preat deal of other
work. This winter we have
double the amount of bee-
hives, etc., to make and we
expect to do it with this Saw.
It will do all you say itwill."
CataloRue and Price • List
Addresa. W. F. & JOHN BARNES.

No. 196 Ruby St.. Rockford. 111.

Free.

45Ctf

CIRCULAR Saw, Iron Frame, Steel Shafts,
and Arbor's Machine-Cut Gears. Iron
Center-part in top. Send for Circular and
Price-List. J. M. MARST«»!V A CO..

21C13t 73 Lenox Street, BOSTON, MASS.

THE ** REVIEW."

SOME OF THE TOPICS IT HAS DlSCl'SbKO.

"The Production of Comb Honey,*'

wae \\\<' sppcial topic of thn A[>ril uuiiiher.

•*Houi to Raise Extracted Honey,'*
Wae 'liscnsfipil in thf* Myy insnf,

'*ConnfoPts and Conveniences fop
the .apiary.'" wprp nampfl jiod ilnHcrihRd in Jnnp.

•• pponn the Hive to the Honey
Market,' was ilip topic of the Jaly issue.

•' IVlankcting," Will be the Special
topic of 1 hi' Aiiiznit numljer.

The " Revieui " is Published
mnnlhlv. at f.il .-ts, a .\eiir. Send for samples
(frpf) anil ^mp if you can aflord to be without it.

flddness Bee-Keepers* I^evieui,

W Z HUTCHINSON. £d A Prop Flint. MIch,

Do You Know That?

WHAT I SAW!

DR. W. W. SATTERLEES wonderful Reply
to Socialism—regrular price, 40 cts.— THE
NEW PEERLESS ATLAS, which will be com-
plete in November, and will contain the

Census Reports of 1890

And THE I^EVER for one year, the great
Prohibition Newspaper, will all be sent to any
New Subscriber for only $1.50. Sample copy
of paper free. Address,

CENTER LEVER COMPANY,

134 Van Buren Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

13Atf-^Mtf

Mtvtion the A.merican Bee Journal.

HANDLING BEES

APAItlPHliET, treating- of the taming
and handling of bees. Just the thing for
begrinners. It is a chapter from "Tlie Hive
and Honey-Bee, revised." Price, 8 cts.
Advice to beginners, Circulars, &c., free.

CHAS. DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ills

WE are now ready to receive shipments of
HOINE V, and would be pleased to open
correspondence. Liberal advances made on
consignments. Prompt returns. Quick ship-
ments of Comb and Extracted will meet
an active market. Reference on tile with the
American Bee Journal.

S. T. FISH & CO., 189 So. Water St.,
33A20t CHICAGO. ILLS.

ii

J. FORNCKOOK & CO.,

MANrPACTURKRS OF THK

BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTIONS,

irzza^

WILL furnish you, the cominR season, ONK
PIBCB SKCTION8, sand-papered on both sides
—as fheap as the cheapest, and better than the best,
ly Write for prices.
Watertown. Wis.. Dw. 1, 1890. ICIy

Bee -Hives, Sections, &;c.

On and after Feb. 1, 1890, we will sell our
No. 1 V-groove Sections in lots of 500 as fol-
lows: Less than 2,000 at $3.50 per thousand:
2.000 to 5,000 at $3.00 per thousand. Write
for special prices on larger quantities. No. 3
Sections $2.00 per thousand. Send for Prlce-
List for other Supplies. Address,

J. STAUFFER & SONS,
(Successors to B. J. Miller & Co.)

31Atf NAPPANEE, IND.

Mention the American Bee Journal,

NEW FACTORY.

BEE-HIVES, SECTIONS, FKAinES,
ETC. We have moved into our new
factory, which U the largest and most com-
lilete in the world. We make the best of goods,
and sell them at lowest prices. Write for free
Illustrated Catalogue.

G. B. LEWIS CO., tVatertown, ^VIs.
35Atf

WANTED!

SOVTHERIV nOIVEY.

WEPAy5!4c per lb. for a good quality of
Southern Honey. Cash on arrival of
honey. CHAS. F. MUTH & SON,

Freeman & Central Aves., - Cincinnati, Ohio

46A4t

BEE-KEEPERS' GUIDE;

EVERY Farmer and Bee-Eeeper should
have it. The

15th 1,000, Wholly Revised !

MUCH ENLARGED!

Contains many more beautiful IlluBtratione
and is up to date. It is both PRACTICAL and
SCIENTIFIC.

Prices: By mall, $1.50. To dealers, $1.00.
[n 100 lots, by freight, 50 per cent. off.

A. J. COOK,

Agrrlcnltnral College, micta.

Address,

35Atf

MUTE'S

HONEY EXTBACTOK

PEUFECTION

Cold-Blast Smokers,
Square Glass Honey Jars, Sec.

For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son,
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O.
Send 10c for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers.

DO YOU WANT

To succeed in Apiculture? Then try the
Nonpareil Bee-Hive and Winter Case.

Send for Catalogue of prices, and enclose 25
cents in stamps for the new book, "BEE-
KEEPING FOR PROFIT," and you will not
regret it.

Address, DR. O. 1.. TINKER,

45Atf New Philadelphia, Ohio.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

BEESWAX WANTED.

Bees\»'ax.— We wil! pay ST cents per

pound, in Cash, for Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
ered here.

1^" To avoid mistakes, the name of the
shipper should always be on each package.

THOS. G. NEWTHAN & SON,

246 Ea.st Madison Street. - CHICAGO, ILL.

PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION

HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES.

THIN FLAT BOTTOM FOUNDATION

Haw no FisU-boiie iii SurplusHouey.

Being the cleanest is usually worked
' the quickest of any Foundation made.

J. VAN DEIISEN A: SONS,

Sole Manufacturers.

Sprout Brook. MontKomery Co., N. Y.

Mention the American Bee JourTial.

Tofkefs fo[ Market

AND

pTurkefs for Profit,

By "FANNY FIELD."

WRITTEN for those who are interested in
Turkeys and wish to make them pro-
fltaljlc. She reared in one year 150 Turkeys—
and did the work for a family of five— netting
her f;!00, No farming- jiaj-s so well as Turkeys.

CONTENTS.— Age of breeding- stock, about
the Gol)l>ler— Which breeds are best and most
profllahle— Setting the es-ps— Care while hatch-
ing—Profit per head— Care until fully feath-
ered—Food for the young— Save the feathers,
they bring good prices— Number of hens to a
Gobbler — Naragansct Turkeys — White Tur-
keys—Bronze Turkeys; — Common Turkeys —
To restore chilled Tui-koys— Diseases of Tur-
keys—Leg weakness— Killing and dressing-
Mark your Turkeys— Marketing— Capital and
number to begin with— Tells all about the
Turkey business. Price, 25 cents.

Given for One New Subscriber to this paper
for one year, with $1.00.

THOS. G. NEWnAN Ac SON,
246 East Madison St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

XME; MMB;RicsF$ MMM j&Jumnmi^.

819

EDITOR.

Vol. mi. Dec, 13,1890. No. 50.

Now doth the little busy bee

Refrain from every toil,
And through the Winter season she

All days and months beguile.

She dines on dainties rare and sweet,
And wastes her time away ;

From now till Spring she'll simply eat
And rest from day to day.

Next Year we shall have a Department
•entitled " Current Bee-Notes," in which we
shall briefly give the contents of the apicul-
tural publications of the World. This will
toe a valuable addition to "the only
Weekly Bee-Paper in America." By read
ing it you will obtain the news, experi-
ments, inventions, and important bee-
literature of the World, in brief form.

The IVIany Friends of Mr. Dwight
Furness, late of Indiana, will be pleased to
learn that he was married to Miss Anna M.
Rodgers, on Thursday, Nov. 27, 1890, at
Guanajuato, Mexico. The happy pair will
be at home after Dec. 15, at Guanajuato,
Mexico, where, we presume, they will
make their future home. The Bee Jouknajl
wishes them much happiness and pros-
perity.

The Illustrated Home Journal is re-
ceived and examined. It is well printed
on good paper, is clean and handsome in
appearance, with contents, to match, and
deserves wide circulation. — Allen Pbingle,
Selby, Ont.

1^" " Frank Leslies' Illustrated Newspa-
per" for the week endingDec. 13, has fine
illustrations of the Sioux Indian dance and
incidents of the Indian excitement, with a
striking full-page picture of the " Prank
Leslie's Alaska expedition descending the
perilous Alseok River."

Suggestions about the financial and
permanent character of the " North Ameri
can Bee-Keepers' Association" are made
by the Secretary in Qleaninijs, as follows :

Friend Root :— As you said at the Keo
kuk meeting, that you would undertake to
get 20 or 30 life-members to the Associa-
tion, and as we must try to manage to
save a certain capital for the Association,
I suggest that we make it a point to have
the funds thus gathered invested in some
safe interest-bearing investment, the inter-
est only to be used by the Association. In
this way we can iJerpetuate the good work
and create an interest. I would even go
further ; for, as the j'early subscribers are
usually sufficiently numerous to pay annual
expenses, it seems to me we ought to set
aside also the affiliation fees of the State,
Territorial and local Associations. In a
few years we should have a capital large
enough to enable us to offer prizes and
premiums for comiietition, and we should
raise an interest much greater than
formerly in our meetings. Would you be
so kind as to take the matter in hand, and
discuss it in Olean ings '' We must do
something to get out of the old rut.

C. P. Dada.st.

To this excellent suggestion the editor
appends the following :

All right, Secretary Dadant. We will
back you in all your suggestions as far as
we can. Now, then, who among the
readers of Olcaninris is willing to pay up
and stand by us in the effort to make the
North American Bee Keepers' Association
a permanent institution ? It will cost you
$10, it is true; but after that you can
attend the Convention for 40 years, if you
live so long, and not pay anything. I have
in mind quite a few of our readers who, I
think, might, could, aud should stand up.
Let us hear from you. So far as I know,
the editor of the "Amekicax Bee Journ.vl,
and Ernest and myself, are at present the
only life-members. Who will stand with us ?

Brother Root makes one important omis-
sion— quite unintentionally, we are fully
aware — that must be promptly corrected.
It is now ten years ago that we became a
life-member of the Association by vote and
the paj'ment of f^lO (you will see that we
already have our money back in annual
fees for ten years). We were the -first
life-member, but not the only one, Brother
D. A. Jones followed immediately, and Dr.
Ehrick Farmley, the Secretary, then and
there issued to each of us "Life-Member
ship Certificates." So now, with A. I. and
Ernest Root there are four. Who will be
the next i " Who will stand with us V
and help to make the Association success-
ful and permanent.

The New Factory of G. B. Lewis
Company, of Watertown, Wis., to replace
the one burned up last Spring, is now com-
plete. It is a frame building, three stories
and basement high, 60 feet wide, 130 feet
in length, and contains 26,000 square feet
of floor room. Over 2.50,000 feet of lum-
ber was used in its construction. It is run
by both steam and water-power, and all
the machinery has the latest improvements.
We congratulate the firm upon its new
establishment, the capacity of which is
more than double that of the old one.

IVIuch Ignorance exists concerning
Foul-Brood. We have received several
inquiries concerning it, and many samples
have been sent to us for inspection and
decision as to whether they contained the
disease or not. Some contained chiUed
brood ; others had dead brood ; and one
had no brood at all, as is noted on page
820 of this issue of the Bee Journal.

As this question concerns very many
bee keepers, we have devoted four pages
of this paper to a descriptive article of the
disease from the pen of Mr. D. A. Jones. It
is the one officially printed by the Cana-
dian Government, in connection with the
Law, passed by its Parliament, for the sup-
pression of that dire disease. This, added
to the Law itself, and an article from Mr.
Wm. McEvoy, the official Inspector, which
we published in last week's Journal, will,
no doubt, satisfy our friend Pringle, Presi-
dent of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, that we are willing — and even anxious
— that every bee-keeper maybe well posted
concerning the disease ; and if found to be
in possession of sufficient information to
cure it — when such cure is possible— or else
to utterly wipe out its existence by fire,
when necessary.

No samples of the disease should ever be
sent in the mails, or even by express, for
it is fraught with danger of spreading the
disease, it is also quite unnecessary ; for
any one who has common intelligence can
readily detect it, after perusing the articles
which we have presented in the Bee Jour-
nal during the past month, on the subject.

T>vo Numbers IVIore will end the
present Volume of the Bee Journal. Next
year we shall change the form somewhat —
giving two columns to the page, but it will
have double the number of pages that it
now contains — making 1064 passes for
the year. It will also be printed with new
type, and an entire new dress. This will
add considerable expense and labor, but it
will be "a daisy." Although the Volume
for the year 1891 will be as thick as Web-
ster's Unabridged Dictionary— it will be
supplied for a !«inele <1olIai- ! This will
be the most wonderful journalistic accom-
plishment in the apicultural World,eclipsing
all others ! The American Bee Journal is
the only weekly bee-periodical in America,
and the largest one in the World !

Brother Root has our thanks for the fol-
lowing very kind allusion in Oleanitigs for
Dec. 1, 1890 :

On the first of next year the old Ameri-
can Bee Journal is to change its size to
about that of these pages, and each num-
ber will contain 32 pages. For a weekly
bee-journal this is a big undertaking ; but
Newman & Son are equal to the task.

Supply Dealers, before issuing
their Catalogues for next season, should
write to us for terms on the Globe Bee-Veil.
We have sold over 1,200 within the past
year. They give universal satisfaction.

820

'Tmm m^mmmi^MM mmw j®wmmmi^.

nwi

Odd Notions about Bees.—

Here are some of them, as enumerated by
an exchange :

It is an old English notion that a quar-
relsome family get no honey, keep as many
bees as they may. Bees also will not
thrive if they are stolen. On the contrary,
they will pine and die on account of the
crime. In various sections, it is regarded
as an exceedingly unlucky transaction to
sell them for money, but they may be
bartered without objection. They can be
traded at will, but to be "guilty of selling
them is a grievous omen, indeed, than
which nothing can be more dreadful." A
bushel of corn was formerly considered a
fair equivalent for a swarm, or a small pig
might be taken in exchange. The idea of
bartering bees is not an alien one in New
England.

There are scores of superstitions and
notions concerning the sympathy of bees in
human troubles, especially in connection
with death. The entrance of a bee into a
cottage is in large numbers of districts
looked upon as an infallible sign of death.
Swarming on dead wood is equally omin-
ous. Informing bees of a death in the
family is a custom still practiced in various
sections of England by the common people.
The formalities in making the announce-
ment are executed with the greatest pre-
cision, for fear of giving offense to the
bees.

A messenger has been known to have been
despatched from a funeral cortege, while
on the way to the grave, to inform the bees
of the household sorrow, which had been
forgotten at first, and in the waj' of atone-
ment for the neglect, wine and honey were
placed in front of the hives. In some locali-
ties even this limit is exceeded. On the
occasion of death in the family, the api-
aries are decorated with crape, and the
inmates invited to the funeral.

R. Laughable Bee=Yarn was

illustrated last week in that "comic"
periodical called "the Judge." We enjoyed
a hearty laugh over it, and thinking that
our readers might do the same, we give a
description of its comical pictures, so that
any who have " the blues " may also laugh
and enjoy the fun with us ! Here it is :

A milk-wagon stops at the cottage gate,
and the driver hastens to the door, where
he finds an ordinary pitcher to receive the
usual daily supply of milk for the family.
He measui-es out a quart of the " lacteal
fluid," pours it into the pitcher,and speedily
departs.

One of the "little busy bees" was out
early on that Summer morning, and espy-
ing the pitcher, concluded to inspect its
contents. Before doing so, the bee circled
around it, perchance to admire its floral
exterior.

"Tabby," from the fence-top, saw the
milk deposited there, and contemplating a
raid upon the defenseless pitcher, said to
herself ; " Now, there's a treat for me !"
Cautiously she advanced towards it, and
then discovered the bee flying around the
coveted treasure. Looking about on all
sides for a moment, to be sure that, as a

thief, she was not observed by any one, she
lost sight of the bee, and wondering at its
sudden disappearance, said : "Where did
that bee go ?"

Feeling sure now that she was unob
served, she thrust her head into the
pitcher, which, however, was none too
large to accommodate it, and lapped up the
tempting fluid to her heart's content,
exclaiming : " Oh ! but that's good !"

The bee, on its inspecting tour inside the
pitcher, was taken by surprise, and finding
itself in close quarters, asserted its rights
with pointed arguments for more room.

Tabby, feeling something sharp, ex-
claimed : " Oh ! but there's pins in it !"
Her head began to feel funny, but she con-
cluded to take another drink before aban-
doning the feast— but she found "more
pins in it !" Attempting to leave, she
found that the pitcher had become too
small to allow her to do so, and the pain
increasing, she cries out : "Great rats ! I
can't get my head out !"

Then she rolled over and over in agony,
and spilled all the milk that was left, but
her head was still confined in that terrible
pitcher ! She found more " pins," and
experienced more pain !

She started to run, but not being able to
see where she was going, she ran with full
force against the stone wall of the cellar,
and, with a "bang," the pitcher was
smashed into scores of pieces, liberating
her swollen and aching head (as well as the
now poor frightened bee) from that tem-
porary prison !

Now, Tabby sat down amid the frag-
ments to contemplate the disaster. Look-
ing up she discovered the bee just taking
wing, and ejaculated : "There's that
blamed bee !" And if she could have
caught it, there would have been one less
bee in the world !

">Ve Congratulate Brother Root
upon the fact that Glennlngs has reached,
and even passed, the ten thousand circula-
tion, which it set out to do some months
ago. Oleanings richly deserves this mark
of public favor, for it is beautifullj' printed
and carefully edited. If the reader desires
to take another bee-periodical besides the
American Bee Jiiurnal, we shall be
pleased to send it and OleanhKjs for .? 1.75
a year, or both these and the Illustrated
Home Joukn'al for.i^2.35. Thisisarare op
portunity to secure three good periodicals
for about the regular price of two.

Xhose tVlio Have any honey to
dispose of should use the Honey Almanac
as a salesman. We have a few left for this
year, and offer them at one=third price.
See page 831 of this paper.

^omc (j^uestious.

ITIiat i!« a Nucleus?

Will you please inform me what a
nucleus is < B. E. B.

Prairie du Chien, Wis., Dec. 5, 1890.

[Certainly. A nucleus is a miniature
colony of bees, which may be increased to
a full colony by careful management. The
plural is " nuclei." These small colonies
usually consist of one or two frames of
comb with a queen (or a queen-cell, if to
be used for queen rearing), and a few hun-
dreds of bees.— Ed. 1

Wintcrins' U«es.

1. When is the proper time to put bees
into the cellar * 2. Should they be left out
as long as the weather will permit them to
fly every few days ; 3. Would it be right
to take bees from a cellar in the middle of
the Winter, if the weather would permit
them to fly ? 4. Is it best to remove the
bottom-boards when in the cellar f

Bangor, Iowa. Novice.

[1. In this latitude they should be pre-
pared to be put into the cellar in the latter
part of November — then, when it turns
cold and shows signs of Winter setting in,
put them into the cellar.

2. Yes.

3. Yes ; many do so.

4. Yes, if they have loose bottom-boards.
— Ed.I

4lueenlessness.

I send you a piece of comb. Will you
please tell me if it contains foul-brood. I
took it from a colony that I killed on Nov.
a. This colony was wormy, with about a
pint of bees in it, mostly drones, and not a
queen among them. Will you please tell
me what was wrong with the colony, and
will any danger arise if the honey from
this colony is fed to the healthy bees ? I
have 15 colonies that are in pretty good
condition for the Winter. There was but a
small surplus of honey this year.

Galena, Ills. Chas. Kxautz.

[It was simply a case of queenlessness.
The moths had been at work some, but not
enough to cause trouble. There was no
brood in the sample sent, and "foul-brood"
was therefore imjiossible. In fact, it con-
tained only a few cells of honey, and some
bee-bread. There is nothing "wrong"
with the honey, except its color. — Ed.]

4JonTeuti»D Notices.

CIu1>!i of 5 New Subscriptions for $4.00,
to any addresses. Ten for ^7.50.

^3g~ TheSth semi-annual meeting of the Susque-
hanna County Bee-Keepers' Association will be held
at Montrose, Pa., on Thursday. May 7, I8yi.

H. M. Seklet, Sec.

jy The Carolina Bee-Keepers' Association, will
hold the last session of 18tK) in the Town Hall, Pine-
ville, N.C., Dec. W, IS). A good proBramme. All
who feel an interest in modern bee-culture are cor-
dially invited. BrinK or send a full report of the
season. Kntertainnient free.

(Other pa ners please copy.) m

>. P. Lyles, Sec, Derita, N. C.

IW The Annual Meeting of the Northern Illinois
Bee-Keepers' Association, will be held in the Super-
visor's Room of the fourt House, at Rockford, Ills.,
on Dec. Ifi, 17, 1890. The President has a good Pro-
gramme in course of preparation.

D. A. Fuller, Sec^

XMM' mmLmmiQMTSi ^mm jciorkiciu.

821

The Hpiarian Kgnostic.

Writte7i fitr the American Bee. Journal

BY REV. W. I'. CI.AUKK.

I do not know why I should be
Thrust forth to let the public see
How great is my stupidity
About "the little busy bee."

What I don't know about this theme
Would fill of paper many a ream,
But I will state a few details
Concerning which my knowledge fails.

I do not know the proper space
Apart the frames of comb to place ;
Nor whether for the winternest
Cellars or out-door hives are best.

do not know if seasons bad
Will from henceforward make us sad,
Or whether a large honey-flow
Again into our hives will go.

I do not know why prices fail
When little honey is for sale,
Nor how to make the market stay
So firm that bee-keeping will pay.

I don't know how to fix things so
Crowds will to bee-conventions go.
Lured by cheap fares and tempting rates,
Those usually resistless baits,

I don't know whether any more
Journals of apiarian lore
Are needed to diffuse the light
Which else were hidden out of sight.

I don't know whether bees can tell
When to dethrone their queens so well,
That we may safely put our trust
In their forethought as wise and just.

I don't know how I can prevent

A field of limited extent

From being overstocked with bees

While the rule holds : "Go as you please."

I do not know how to prevent
Brace-combs of troublesome extent.
Nor do I know of any plant
"To raise where honey-flows are scant.

I don't know whether, as some claim,

A fixed excels a standing frame ;

I know no hive of any form.

From which bees will not send a swarm.

I don't know it a time will be
When bee-keepers will come to see
Stamped on a single theory
Exactitude and certainty.

And yet I know so much, it took.
To hold it all, a good-sized book.
And on a single theme, I penned
A series, it was hard to end.

' How doth the little busy bee i"
I find a problem hard foi' me,
I know so little, yet so much,
I hardly dare the task to touch.

And so, I do not know but what
My tether's length I now have got,
I don't know but I'd better " stop,"
And close the Miller knowledge shop !
Guelph, Ont.

Xlie "Fariii-Poiillry" is a 20-page
monthly, published in Boston, at 50 cents
per year. It is issued with a colored cover
and is finely illustrated throughout.

We have arranged to club the American
Bee Jolrxai. with the Farm-Poultry at
?1.35 per year for the two. Or with the
Illustrated Home Jourxal at $1.75 for
the three.

Slioiild tve allo^v Rals and mice
ill SI Itcc-Cellari

Written, far the American Bcc Journal

Query 742. — I have a cellar in which I
wish to winter my bees, but it is badly in-
fested with rats and mice. The tempera-
ture seldom goes to the freezing-point.
How will it do to place wire-screens over
the hive entrances, and over the tops of
the frames, and then pile them up, break-
joint fashion, with about one foot space
between the hives, and leave the covers
oflf «— G. B.

I should not dare to confine the bees to
their hives.— R. L. Taylor.

It will do ; but the rats will probably dis-
turb the bees some. — Dadaxt & Son.

I have no experience in cellar wintering,
and cannot advise. — M. Mahin.

A piece of perforated zinc placed over
the entrance will be aprotection from mice.
I do not think that it is advisable to take
the covers off. — P. L. Viallox.

Perhaps that will do. I have never tried
it. But I should fear the confinement. I
would try and kill the vermin. Poison
them. — EuGETNE Secor.

It will do very well ; but it would be bet-
ter to make the cellar rat and mouse proof.
Would this be very difiicult ? — A. J. Cook.

Your cellar will do very well, and with
wire-screens you may be able to ward off
the rats and mice, but I would advise an
exterminating war against them with
traps or suitable jjoison. — J. P. H. Brown.

It will do to place screen of large mesh
over the entrance. But I should prefer the
rats and mice as numerous as bees in the
hive rather than leave the frames open on
top with nothing over them but wire-
screen. — H. D. Cutting.

Would not do it. The rats and mice will
annoy the bees. The bees goto the screens
to get out, and a general tumult will result.
Dispose of the rats and mice, or keep the
bees out of the cellar.— G. M. Doolittle.

I would not do so. The numerous rats
and mice will disturb the bees, even if
they cannot get at them. Kill them ofl^, or
close them all out of your cellar with
mortar. — James Heddox.

All right, except a strip of perforated
zinc for the entrance would be preferable ;
that is, such zinc with perforations the size
used as drone and queen excluders. — J. M.
Hambaugh.

Do not put any screens over the en-
trances, but have them so narrow that
the mice cannot get into the hives. Mice
do not injure bees, except by crawling into
the hives and building nests in the center
of the brood-nest. Bar them out, and there
will be no trouble from them. — J. E. Pond.

I should think that the easiest way out
of your dilemma would be to kill the rats
and mice. Another thing you should do is
to get some good cement and small rock
and plaster up every hole and crevice. I
have much more faith in exterminating
the pests than in wire-screens. — C. H. Dib-

BERN.

If I understand you rightly, you would
have air at the top and bottom. That is
pretty airy. If I should have screens on top,
I think that I would close the entrances

tight. Periiajjs it is better t<) leave the
covers on, and screens at the eutrances.
Use coar.-*e screens about 3 meshes to the
inch, so that the bees can go through, but
not mice. — C. C. Miller.

Would not advise you to use wire-screens
over the entrances, or over the top of the
hive, unless covered by a cushion of some
kind. The entrances had better be con-
tracted to ■'„ of an inch opening by tacking
on strips of tin on front of the hive to
keep out mice. A ■'(, inch entrance, the full
width of the hive,had better be left open. —
G. L. Tinker.

Rid your cellar of vermin. A good Tabby
with an interesting family, and a neighbor-
ing Tom, would be far cheaper kept than
rats and mice. Catch them in traps ; put
potash in their runs to make their feet
sore, and if you have kept food for them
in barrels, fill them with water, and they
will jump in as usual, and be drowned. No
excuse for rats and mice ; who would tol-
erate such a cellar ; — Mrs. L. Harrlsox.

I am not sure that bees do as well en-
tirely closed in the hives as when they can
feel free to leave the hive ; it is not so
much a desire to leave the hive that worries
them, as their natural dread of being im-
prisoned. They will sometimes do well
fastened up as you propose, for I have
tried it. But why not leave a small pas-
sageway through the wire cloth at the
entrance. — G. W. Demaree.

Such a cellar would be very undesirable
as a winter repository for bees. The ver-
min would annoy the bees, even if they did
not get at the honey and combs. The rats
and mice can be kept out by using plaster
and broken glass. Those which are there
in hiding can be caught in traps. Bees
dislike to feel that they are prisoners, and
for that reason the wire-screens would be
unsatisfactory. The ventilation you pro-
pose, would be much like having a one-
story house with the front door open, and
the sky -light in the roof wide open too. It
would be very uncomfortable to say the
least. Either keep on the covers or close
the entrances.— The Editor.

Frame Coverinjf for ^Viiiter.

What kind of covering, if any, should be
used on top of the frames besides the cush-
ion, in preparing bees for Winter ? Is the
duck used for feeders, etc., too close when
put all over the frames tightly, with no
corners turned up, to let the moisture from
the bees to pass up through '

Fowler, O. H. D. B.vrber.

[Perhaps the best thing to use for cover-
ing the frames, is burlap hemmed at the
edges. Under this put some sticks across
the frames, or use Hill's device to allow
the bees to pass from one comb to another.
Over this put a chaff-cushion made a little
larger than the inside of the hive, so that
it will tuck down snugly all around to pre-
vent a draft, and absorb the moisture
arising from th« cluster. — Ed.]

Free Trial Trip subscriptions are
coming in quite rapidly. We thank our
friends for this new illustration of their
personal interest in the Bee Journal. We
want thousands to read it for a few weeks
who did not know of its existence. Do not
be afraid of sending too many names. Let
us have the name and address of every
person who keeps bees in America.

822

ntmm m'^mmmi^mm mmm j^vsmmmi^.

-— -— '■■'»*^*«i«»*«

FOUL-BROOD.

Cause of Disease — managcincnl
and Cure.

BY D. A. JONES.

This disease has baffled tlie skill of
the bee-keepevs for a great main-
years ; it has destroyed thousand upon
thousands of colonies, both in Europe
and America ; whole apiaries have
been swept away, and the fond hopes
of many bee-keepers have been blasted
by its ravages. This disease is known
to have existed in America for more
than half a century. The late Mr.
Quinby and many others knew of its
existence to their sorrow.

Over fifty years ago many important
facts in connection with the disease
were learned and made known by Mr.
Quinby. through his untiring efforts to
cure the disease ; in fact, he had about
become its master, by the starvation
plan, we believe, before any great
efforts were taken on the part of
others to stay its ravages. Burning
and burying have been resorted to. and
to those who have no better means at
hand by which a cure can be effected,
they had better take either of these, as
the great danger of its spreading to
other apiaries, or to bees in the woods,
which might keep the disease lingering
about in a locality for years, is too
great to run any risk.

Much has been written and said on
the matter. Our esteemed friend, Mr,
C. F. Mnth, of Cincinnati, the great
honey-king of the Southwest, has writ-
ten a little book on the disease, and
its cure by the use of salicylic acid.
Mr. Frank Cheshire, of London. Eng-
land, believes he has made some im-
])ortant discoveries of late by the use
of the microscope. Great credit is due
Mr. Cheshire for the untiring efforts
he has manifested in that direction,
and should he accomplish what he an-
ticipates, the bee-keepers of the world
will owe hiui a debt of gratitude which
they can never fully repay.

1 feel confident that the efforts that
are being put forth by so many at the
jjresent time will, sooner or later, find
a cure that will be more easily per-
formed than any yet known. I should
like to see our great American author-
ity. Prof. A. J. Cook, of Lansing,
Mich., give the matter some attention;
we all feel proud of his discoveries,
being fully .assured that he is less
liable to err in his experiments than
many others.

The disease seems to be pretty well
scattered through Europe and America,

and the loss sustained every year hj
its ravages will warrant our scientists
in giving the matter all the attention
that is possible. There have been
various opinions expressed as to its
origin, some believing that it was im-
ported into this country, and that
cases always originate from the im-
ported disease ; others believe that it
can and does originate in this country;
but this mater will doubtless be cleared
up in time. Each party appears to be
able to prove pretty conclusively that
they are right — ))robably they both
are. That it existed here many years
before any importation of Italian bees
was made, is beyond doubt. In some
places there have been laws enacted
to prevent its spread similar in charac-
ter to the Act we now have, and com-
missioners or inspectors appointed to
search out the disease, and see that it
is either cured, or the bees and combs,
etc., destroyed.

There has been a great deal of ad-
vice given about the cure and manage-
ment of the disease, and many of those
who have taken the trouble to give
such advice, deserve much credit for
the interest they have manifested in
studying up the disease, and assisting
their less fortunate brother bee-keep-
ers. There are varied opinions regard
ing the spread of the disease ; some
think it is a disease of the honey, or
rather that is the way in which the
disease is usually spread ; others be-
lieving that it is carried on the bodies
and feet of the bees ; some even go so
far as to say that it may be carried on
the body, feet, proboscis and other
parts of the bees, and thus conveyed
to the flowers of the fields, so that
other bees visiting these flowers carry
the disease home to their own hives.

That diseased colonies can carry the
disease to the flowers seems scarcelj-
probable to me. Once I knew of over
100 colonies of bees badly affected with
foul-brood, with another apiary not a
mile away, and although the bees from
the diseased apiary gathered honey
from the flowers in the same Helds, no
disease ever appeared in the other
apiarj-. If bees carry the disease on
their bodies, it seems very strange
that, in all my experiments, I have
never been able to detect any case
that originated from the disease having
been carried in that way.

Some recommend starving or fasting
as a cure, and say '-24 hours or 48
hours, or sometimes two or three days
is suflieient." Those who attempt its
cure in this manner are sure to meet
with failure, as the time required for
fasting does not depend so much on
tlie number of hours or days as it does
upon the fact that all the honey in
their abdomens is consumed ; if that
could be accomplished in two hours by

any means it would be sufficient, but,
on the contrary, it may be six or eight
days, and I have sometimes had them
fasting even a longer time. I wonder
if some genius cannot get out a patent
right on some kind of a small press to
make them discharge all their honey
from their honey-sacs.

The fasting system has proved to be
a most successful one with me, as also
with many others. There is one beauty
about it, viz. : it requires no medicine-
or drugs of any kind, and is within the
reach of every person. Another ad-
vant.age is, that if there is no brood in
the hives, or if you do not wish to save
the brood, the cure can be effected
with but one hour or two hours' labor
to each colony.

If the directions contained in this-
communication are followed carefully,
no person need ever be troubled much
with the disease, as the different ap-
pearances of dead brood, dying from
various causes, are carefully and ex-
plicitly explained. I do not believe that
the fasting system is the only one by
which foul-brood can be cured, think-
ing that it may also be cured by other
means, but thus far this appears to be
the most simple and the surest way for
the novice.

Chilled Brood. — Chilled brood is fre-
quently caused by the bees moving off
the brood, and not keeping it sufH-
ciently warm. On cold nights, if the
entrances of the hives are left open so
that the atmosphere inside gets too
cold, the bees contract their cluster,
thus leaving a portion of the brood un-
covered, which, not being protected,
becomes chilled and dies. Sometimes-
bees swarm out in the spring, and
leave the brood to die ; this is veiy
often caused by the bees having too-
much space, and not being able to
keep up the necessary amount of heat to-
carry on breeding, become discouraged,
and leave with the expectation of bet-
tering their condition. I have known
it to occur as the result of spring
dwindling, and the bees being unable
to cover their brood, swarm out. It
may also arise from the bees having
consumed all their stores, and seeing
starvation staring tbem in the face,
they leave with llie object of improv-
ing their condition.

There are many other causes bj-
which brood becomes chilled and dies.
The appearance of this chilled brood,
however, differs materially from tha t
of foul-brood ; tlie larva is frequently
found dead in all stages, from the egg
to the perfectly formed bee just ready
to gnaw out, while foul-brood usually
operates on the larva when it is almost
fully grown, and should it have lived
sufficiently long to have had the wing&
formed, and assumed the general ap-
pearance of the bee. say two or three-

'xtmm mimmmiGMn mmM joi^iirffEiu.

823

days before emerging, then they
appear to be old and strong enough to
resist the disease, or, in otlier words,
if they hud been fed any of the dis-
eased food, or food containing fungi
or spores of foul-brood, thej' would
have died and aSsumed the foul-broody
appearance before the}' had become so
fully developed.

Now, in this chilled brood will be
found fully developed bees almost
ready to leave their cells, and the skin
of the larva; seems to retain more per-
fectly its shape and appearance, and
when pricked with a sharp instrument,
the larva; will usuallj' be found to con-
tain a watery substance quite unlike
foul-brood. Another proof whereby
chilled brood may be detected is, that
bees almost fully developed are found
dead in the cells, retaining their shape
and appearance, never sink back into
that brown, ropy matter which so
plainly marks pure foul-brood.

Neglected Brood. — Neglected, deserted
or starved brood resembles chilled
brood ver}' much in many respects,
especially as it is found in all stages,
from the egg to the perfect bee, but it
diflers from chilled brood in one re-
spect very markedly ; the bees after
consuming all the hone}' in the cells,
often remove all the food from the
larvEe, giving it a very dry appearance,
and sometimes they even bite or gnaw
upon the larvas, not being satisfied
with taking their food from their cells,
thus making holes in the bodies, and
giving many of the larger larvas a dry,
shrivelled appearance. This may all
occur before the bees desert the hive
or die ; and I have found all the brood
dead except that just ready to leave
the cells.

Over-healed Brood. — This is called by
some scaled brood, by others sufl'ocated
or smothered brood, and is also known
by various other names. It is usually
caused by the hive being closed too
tightly in hot weather, not allowing
the bees suflicient ventilation ; or in
shipping, by not giving the bees suffi-
cient ventilation, the bees become ex-
cited, and in trying to secure all the
fresh air possible crowd each other to
such an extent about the entrance or
air passages that it becomes choked.
I have known colonies to smother in a
very short time. After the bees were
smothered, the great heat which they
produced seemed to have over-heated
some of the brood, and in spite of
every etFort to save it by placing it in
other colonies, some of it would die.

This dead brood, on examination.
will be found to resemble chilled bi'ood
somewhat, and if allowed to remain in
the cells, it becomes putrid, and smells
very much like pure foul-brood. It
differs from chilled brood in this re-
spect ; that while in cliilled brood bees

just ready to emerge are found dead
in the cells, while the heating or
smothering does not seem to affect the
older larvx' to the same extent. I
have found bees emerging one or two
days after that seemed to have sur-
vived. When bees are smothered as
above, from their over-healed condi-
tion, the moisture arising from their
efforts, becoming condensed on tlie
combs, make them very damp. This
moisture seems to extend to the larva'
and brood, accounting in a measure
for the rapid decomposition of the
larvae, and the greater disagreeableness
of smell, being nearly as offensive an
odor as that arising from foul-brood.

Drowned Brood. — This usually occurs
where colonies are placed on low
ground, and when a sudden rise in the
water overflows the bank of the stream
and the apiary is submerged. The
water also rises up into the hives
among the combs, and a large quantity
of the brood is submerged and
drowned. This drownetl brood seems
to differ some from the ordinary chilled
brood, but resembles smothered or
over-heated brood more, being damp
and soft in appearance, caused by the
ground, hives and conihs being so
moist. If this dead brood is not re-
moved, it produces a much more loath-
some smell than chilled brood, becom-
ing more putrid, and taking much
longer time to dry up in the cells.
Should the weather be very warm,
dam|> and muggy, the drowned brood
sometimes turns into a mild type of
foul-brood, or into what looks and acts
so much like it that it must be at least
a first cousin to it.

I will relate a circumstance which is
one of the number that leads me to
believe that foul-brood mai/ be some-
times p^'orfttcctZ in the apiary, and not
always imported, as some of our
friends honestly imagine. A man once
had 100 colonies in an isolated locality,
with no other apiary within miles of it,
and no bees in the woods, as far as
known ; there were no signs of foul-
brood in his apiary all Summer, tiiough
the colonies were carefully examined
once or twice eaeli week.

In August or September a flood
came and drowned a large portion of
the brood in some of the hives, 10 or
15 of them were so much injured by
the flood, that the bees did not remove
the dead brood, and in most of the col-
onies nearly all the combs were full of
brood. The weather, after the flood,
was very warm and muggy, the atmos-
phere very oppressive for days, with
frequent showers. All the colonies
from which the dead brood was re-
moved came out all right, while the 10
or 15, from which it was not removed,
became very badly diseased ; they
attempted to rear brood, but some of

it was afft;(:ted, so much so that the
odor arising from the brood dying
was very unpleasant. When all the
dead brood was removed, the disease
continued, and it appeared that the
spores of the disease were in the
honey, as many of the larva; were
found dead. Each time brood was
reared the disease continued to in-
crease, in spite of salicylic acid and
other treatments then in vogue. Honey
from the combs, when given to a
healthy colony, produced tiie disease.

It appeared in every respect like
foul-brood, and I feel satisfied that it
was. Now, if it did not emanate from
the decaying brood, which was a mass
of corruption, where did it come from?
The stench and spores arising from it,
seem to have diseased the honey, and
when the honey was fed to the larvse,
it affected them. We believe that
some diseases arise de novo, or sponta-
neously, while others arise from germs
or spores which find in decaying m.at-
ter a favorable opportunity for multi-
plication. In this case, everything
was favorable for their development.
If I recollect aright, cholera always
starts in the valley of the Ganges, be-
cause it is a most favorable spot for
its propagation.

Dead Brood — What Some Call a Mild
Type of Foul-Brood. — This resembles
foul-brood more closely than any of
the others, because there appears to
be no appai"ent cause for the death.
Larva; are found to die in almost all
stages, from the half-grown larva up
to the imago, or fully developed bee.
Now, in appearance, this seems to
resemble chilled brood, so far as its
dryness is concerned ; it also more
closely retains its shape. The lan-a
does not flatten out and recede to the
back of the cell ; the skin of the larva
shows much less inclination to wrinkle,
and it retains its size and shape more
perfectly. If the larva is pierced with
the point of a very sharp instrument,
it will be found to contain a dark,
inky-like, watery substance. The bees
usually remove this sooner or later.
Sometimes, however, they allow it to
dry up considerably before doing so ;
the older larva that is almost ready to
emerge, may be found by a slight
sinking of the capping ; but the cap-
ping does not sink as much as the cap-
ping of a foul-broody cell, and if. with
the point of a sharp knife, you attempt
to remove it, you will find it much
stronger than that of a genuine foul-
broody cell.

There are several suppositions as to
the cause of this, one of which is, that
the larva lives longer, and spins the
cocoon more perfectly under the cap-
ping before it dies, while the one dis-
eased with genuine foul-brood seldom,
if ever, does to any extent ; thus the

824

Tmm rn'mmmiGMM mmM j©^mmm]l.

capping of the foul-broody cells will
be found to be more concave, and
more easily removed. Some imagine
that the foul odor fi'om the matter
therein aB'eet the capping, and makes
it softer and more easy of removal. I
have never found this disease to in-
crease as rapidly as the genuine foul-
brood ; in fact. I have known it to con-
tinue in a hive for two seasons, with
only a proportion (not exceeding one-
fourth) of the brood becoming all'eeted.
I can assign no reason for the fact —
but I have never known it lo ajipear in
any other than a hi/brid colony.

Until the disease becomes quite bad.
it does not appear to att'ect their
honey-gathering qualities, but it seems
to have a discouraging efl'ect on their
breeding propensities, as they exhibit
less energy in that direction when so
aftected. Now the manner in which
this brood appears to die. and all the
appearances and circumstances attend-
ing its death, lead a great many to
imagine it to be genuine foul-brood.
It does not spread as rapidly, nor is it
as contagious as the genuine foul-
brood, usually confining itself to the
hives in which it originated. It always
lacks one of the true tests of real foul-
brood, viz.: the brown, coft'ee-colored.
ropy matter found in foul-brood cells.
But it is quite usual to find cells cap-
ped over containing the dead larvre
which are punctured with small holes
similar to that of foul- brood.

Dead Larva or Brood Found in Colo-
nies after Shipment. — In bees that have
been shipped from one point to another
we frequentlj' find, a few days after,
cells here and there among the brood
containing dead larva; or brood just
ready to emerge. I have known this
to occur in shipping in the Spring.
Summer and Fall, but more frequently
in the Spring ; and have been asked
by experienced bee-keepers whj- dead
larvffi were found in cells at times.
even for weeks after their arrival.
Some atti'ibute it to the excitement of
the bees while in transit, neglecting
to feed the larva; at a very critical
period in tlieir development ; others
attribute it to jarring, and the general
disorganizing of the stati' of the hive.
and to various other causes. This
looks very much like foul-brood some-
times, but it may be known and dis-
tinguished from it by the larva retain-
ing its shape and its appearance ; also
by finding old and matured larva;.

I once sent a shipment of 50 colo-
nies of bees to one of the best bee-
keepers in Canada, one who had much
experience, and one who was a good
judge of foul-brood, when, in looking
them over, he detected what he
thought to be the first symptoms of
foul-brood ; in two colonies the appear-

ance was more marked. These two he
returned to me. I examined them
closely day after day for weeks, as
also did my men. and we satisfied our-
selves that it was not foul-brood, as
the colonies increased, we removed all
the dead larva;, and none of it ever
returned or turned to that brown ropy
matter which mu|jt be found where
foul-brood exists. There are many
parcels sent me every year to examine.
sup])osed b3' the senders to be foul-
brood, but while some prove to be the
genuine article, many are not.
Whether it is or not. is usually told by
the circumstances attending it. In
exchanging from one hive to another,
combs are sometimes taken from the
hives containing chilled, or perhaps
some of this dead brood caused by
shipping, and placed in other liives.
Should this dead l)rood be left, or not
removed by the bees, it is therefore
sometimes mistaken for foul-brood.

Foul-Brood. — Foul-brood is a disease
in the honey, or rather, that is where it
appears to lurk. It seems that the
spores escape from the cells containing
the decaying larva;. lodge in the honey,
and by that means, to a very great
extent, it continues its ravages, or, in
other words, the contagion is spread.
It is true that combs containing foul-
brood cannot be used, at least I have
never been able to use them ; no
amount of doctoring that I could do
would disinfect them. It appears that
the combs are diseased in several
waj's ; the spores remaining in the
honey, and drying up in the cells, also
in the pollen and in the wax as well.
Those cells that have contained foul-
brood always appear to have spores
left in them, and if the dead larva;
have not been removed, they drj' up in
the bottom of the cell, and are some-
times scarcel)' discernible without the
aid of a microscope. I have failed to
purify these, although I have made
repeated eiibrts to do so. I have not,
however, given up, as I hope to be
able to disinfect combs without resort-
ing to destruction, but as yet heat is
the only thing I have found which will
destroy the germs by which the disease
is generated.

I have taken lioney from diseased
colonies, have frozen it in an ice-cream
freezer for days, and subjected it to
the lowest temperature that could be
obtained in that way, then made a
nucleus, and fed it on this frozen
honey. The result was that a very
large number of the larva; first cap-
ped died of foul-brood, thus proving
conclusively that subjecting the honey
to a low temperature had no efl'ect.
Again, I made repeated eft'orts by
freezing both honey and comb which
liad been taken from foul-broody colo-
nies with like ett'ect.

Once I had subjected honey-combs
to a temperature of 35^ below zero,
allowing theiu to remain frozen all
Winter. The following Spring, when
one of these combs was placed for ex-
perimental purposes in tlie nucleus, it
gave to it the disease,' as also did the
honej- fed it.

After repeated experiments, I am
fully convinced that no amount of
frost will kill the spores, and I believe
that they lie dormant during frost,
and when thawed out, lose none of
their destructive qualities. It is gen-
erally believed that severe frost will
kill the disease, but let me warn bee-
keepers never to attempt its cure by
that method. Some of the honey
which had been frozen along with the
comb in the experiments I have men-
tioned, after having been boiled a few
minutes, failed to transmit the disease.
Thus, after many trials, I proved be-
yond a doubt, that heat will kill the
germs by which the disease is gener-
ated, and that foul-broody honey, after
having been boiled, can be fed with
impunitj' to any colony.

There are some who, I believe,
honestly imagine that the disease is
conveyed by the bees carrying it on
their bodies, feet, proboscis, or other
parts ; now, that appears to be not the
usual way at least. It maj' be that
after a colony is very badh' infected,
some spores rtiay he convejed in this
manner, but I have never known a
case which could satisfy me that that
was the cause of its origin, after hun-
dreds of experiments to. test the matter
most thoroughlj'. to describe which
minutely would require a good-sized
volume.

If the bees carry the disease about
their bodies in any w.iy, how is it that
after innumerable experiments I have
proved most conclusively that as soon
as the honey is consumed in their
alxlomens the disease is gone ? I have
taken scores of the worst afi'ected colo-
nies I could find, and placing them in
boxes with wire-cloth sides for venti-
lating purposes, have set them awaj'
in a cool place, where they would clus-
ter, the same in appearance as a
swarm on a lamb, and if the place
was sullicientlj' cool and damp, say the
cellar for instance, they would remain
in that dormant state with scarcelj' a
visible motion, until the honey was
consumed in their bodies.

As soon as this was accomplished, I
have taken them out and shaken them
down (like a swai'm) on combs or
foundation, and have fed them honey
or syrup, after which, in a very short
time, they set to work. If all this is
done properl}', the disease never re-
turns, and how is it possible, if this
disease remains attached to the bodies
of the bees composing this cluster, that

ITHK MMBRICMP* mum JO'lEJMlMfltlLt.

825

the gurms would esciipo ? Suri'ly.lhey
would carry some into their new homes
and start the disease afresli. This
uever occurs. Then, again, if the
bees are slwlcen out of a foul-liroody
colony into a clean hive, and allowed
to remain there until the honey is con-
sumed in their bodies, the disease will
never return ; in other word.s, placing
the bees in a new home without h(jney
in their abdomens, may be looked upon
as a sure cure.

If one experiment, or even twenty,
only had been tried to convince me on
this point, I might yet doubt its effi-
ciency, but when hundreds have
proved that the disease will not return,
it is conclusive evidence, to me at
least.

I know of oae gentleman who had a
score or more colonies badly diseased
with foul-brood early in the Spring,
before there was any lioney in the
flowers. He shook all the bees out of
each hive into clean hives tilled with
foundation ; the weather was cold and
unfavorable for drawing out the foun-
dation, and it was a number of days
before they made much progress in
that direction, sufficient time at least
to consume the honey in their abdo-
mens ; in fact, they had to be fed some
considerable time before brood-rear-
ing commenced. In not one instance
did the disease re-appear.

Combs from a diseased colony frozen
for three winters in succession, will
produce the disease when placed in a
healthy colony. Honey from a dis-
eased colony may be kept for years,
but when fed to a colony in a healthy
state, it will transmit the disease.
How is it that the disease will remain
in the honey for years, and will not
i-emain on the bees (if it has ever been
there) for as many days ? If the bees
carry the disease in any other way
excepting iu the honey, how is it that,
if you extract the honey froiu a foul-
brood colony, and allow the bees to
consume all the honey that remains in
the cells, and that when they begin to
show signs of hunger by removing
them to a fasting box, a very much
shorter period of fasting will suffice.
If their abdomens are filled with
honey before they are removed to the
fasting box, they have to fast for a
number of days before being put into a
new hive.

Fasting. — The preparation of a col-
ony of bees for fasting is very impor-
tant, as it makes a marked diflerence
whether they are queenless or not. also
the length of tiihe they have been
queenless, A colony made queenless
and placed in a box to fast would be-
come agitated, and would not all fast
alike ; some would starve to death,
while others that were less excitable,
would not have the honey in their

al)d<)nu!iis consumed, but if the colony
had their (pieen with tliem, they would
cluster anil remain perfectly quiet.

If a colony has been made queenless,
and allowed to remain so for a few
days, they may be placed in a fasting
bo.\ without tlie danger before men-
tioned, so tluit it is necessary for the
bees either to have a queen, or to have
remained i|ueenless for several days.
Then again, if they are put in a warm
place, some of them appear to become
excited, and anxious to get out and
continue to rush about in an excited
manner, until they have consumed the
honey in their abdomens, and die from
starvation, labor and worry, while
those that remained quiet would yet
retain almost all they had eaten ; thus
a cool place is necessary.

Darkness is another very important
thing, because if the colony is placed
in tlie sunshine, or where it is light,
they become as much excited as in a
warm place, and seem determined to
get out, wliile if placed in a dark cel-
lar or some other suitable place, they
cluster as naturally as a swarm. If
the temperature is not above 55^', they
will remain in this cluster so quietly
that it is with difficulty you can discern
a movement. They will remain in this
quiet state from 4 to 8 days, according
to the amount of honey they take with
them, and accoi-ding to the tempera-
ture of the place. I have had instances
where they have remained over 8 days,
while testing the length of time they
would live.

A similar colony placed in a warm
repository, would consume their honej'
in 3 or 4 days, while the one placed in
the sun, or light, would worry them-
selves, so that 2 -days or less would
sometimes be sufficient to exhaust
many of their number. They should
be fasted alike, or as nearly so as pos-
sible. Before removing them to the
fasting box from their hive, they
should be smoked and drummed, and
made to fill tliemselvcs with honey as
nearly alike in quantity as possible.
After this has been done, no time
should be lost in removing them, for if
allowed to remain a few minutes in the
hive, many of them will replace the
honey in the cells, so that while a por-
tion of them would be lilled with
honey, others would have none, and
consequently, could not be expected to
fast as long as those whose honey-
sacs were filled.

Great care should be taken after
they are placed in the fasting box with
the sieve over it, that no bees from
other hives are allowed to light on this
sieve or screen, as I have known bees
to pass honey through the screen, and
should they give any of this honey to a
bee from another colony (and it should
be used in brood-rearing) that colony

would also bcccmic diseased. I hav(!
never yet known tlie disease to be con-
tracted by either queens or drones,
although i have experimented largely
in that direction, taking queens from
foul-broody colonies and placing them
in healthy colonies.

I was once informed by one of the
best bee-keepers in tlie United States,
that he had tried the experiment scores
of times; that is. selling the queens
out (jf healthy colonies, and replacing
them with t'ho.sc from the worst af-
fected foul-broody colonies, aiul in no
instance did the disease appear in these
hives, the apiary being 3 miles from
the one in winch the diseased colonics
were. The gentleman had several bee-
farms. I do not mean to assert that
the disease never has been carried by
queens or drones, but I honestly be-
lieve that if it has ever been the case,
that the honey taken with them had
something to do witJi it. ,

Modus Operandi. — Havingsufticiently
described the disease so that the
merest novice should be able to detect
it, also why the various operations
should be performed, it will now be in
order to describe the process that we
usually adopt which makes success
certain every time. You must first
have the necessary tools to operate
with : A smoker and fasting box (or a
hive with a screen to fit over the top).

With smoker in hand, go to the hive
which you wish to operate on. If
there is no brood in the hive, or if you
do not care to save the brood, you then
smoke and dram the bees until they
all fill themselves wdth honey ; as soon
as they are filled, they must be shaken
out into the box you intend them to
occupy in fasting. A better way is to
lift the hive ofi' the stand and set the
fasting box iu its place ; then, when the
bees are shaken down into this box,
those that take wing will come in
more readih.

Place thecombs in an empty hive,
then by turning the hive upside down
and striking it on the ground, the bees
will pass up into the fasting box ; when
all the bees are in, place a wire-screen
over the top, close the entrance, and
carry them to some dark repository (a
cellar if possible) setting the hive
down and turning it over on its side ;
by this means what was formerly the
top of the box becomes the side, and
the bees will cluster on the upper side
of the box, thus allowing the air to
pass through the screen.

They may remain in this dark re-
pository hanging in a cluster similar
to a swarm until they show signs of
hunger, which is easily perceived. As
the food in the abdomen is gradually
consumed, the cluster becomes smaller ;
the bodies of the bees also look smaller
a few bees, say a hundred or so, will

826

^mm mm^mmi^mn mmm joiiamMmiL.

fall to the bottom-board, crawling
about in a slow, quiet manner, indi-
cating their starving condition (if tliej"
are well-tilled with houej' when placed
in the fasting box. they are likely to
require from 4 to 6 days' fasting).

The}- maj- be removed, but if re-
moved before all the honey is con-
sumed in their abdomens, great diffi-
cultj' is likely to arise. They must be
watched very carefull}' (say 3 times a
day after the third day) because after
the honey in their abdomens is all
consumed, they arc liable to die very
quickl}'. Take them out, have j'our
hive prepared where you wish them to
remain ; place in it some combs, then
shake the bees down in front, and
allow them to run in just the same as
you would a swarm. If there is no
food in the combs, they should be fed.
as they will be too weak to gather
honey, but after being fed they will go
to work the same as a swarm, in a few
days, if the flow is good.

The combs should now be melted
into wax, and the hive and frames
boiled for 10 minutes to disinfect
them. If there is any honey in the
combs, it may be extracted and boiled
for 10 minutes, when it will do for
food, but a little ivater should be put
into the honej- before boiling (about
one pound of water to live pcnmds of
honey).

Should there be some brood in the
combSj and you would prefer to save
it, you should leave enougli bees in the
colony to take care of the brood ; the
queen should always be taken with
the bees the first time. Then as soon
as the brood hatches out of the combs.
the bees must be shaken out into the
fasting box and treated the same as
the first lot.

Should you have a number of colo-
nies diseased with foul-brood, it is
better to go over all the hives, and put
all the combs containing brood into
hives by themselves ; all others may be
melted up at once. This will reduce
the number of colonies considerably.
making some which may be fasted at
once, and then along as the brood
hatches out, bees may be shaken from
one or more colonies into the fasting
box, and put through the same pro-
cess ; as soon as the combs are free
from brood, they may be removed for
treatment as prescrilied. By continu-
ing this process, one or two hundred
colonies could be pnritied and put to
work in clean hives in a few weeks.
and all by one person, the only loss
occurring being the labor required and
time spent in fasting, which would
otherwise be employed in gathering
honey. When it is done between
honey-flows, there will be no loss from
the latter, but the ojicrator must bo

careful to see that the bees do not lack
stores. It could also be done in the
fall after the honej--flow is over ; the
bees must then be fed upon honey or
sugar-syrup for wintering. — Canadian
BiUlclin, No. 33.
Beeton, Out.

SUGAR SYRUP.

Is this

a§ Good as Hoiiey
Bees in Winter ?

for

Written for thelMass. Ploughman

BY G. A. STOCKWELL.

AN"^ EPISODE.

My First Experience in the Intro-
duction of Qneen-Bees.

Written for tlie American Bee Journal

BY M. D. FISHER.

A writer on bees declares that the
only proper food for bees in Winter is
honey, and he makes sport of the fact
that some bee-keepers take out all
honey, and feed back sugar and water
for the bees to live on during the
Winter. He is sure that this practice
is a "perversion of nature." If nature
had its own way all the time, it would
leave us often in the lurch. Nature,
to serve man, must be restricted —
guided — whether it concerns horses,
cows or bees.

It has been proved often enough, to
the loss of the bee-keeper, that al-
though honey may be the natural food
of bees in Summer and Winter, yet it
has caused the destruction of manj'
colonies of bees. In some seasons,
some of the honej- collected during the
Summer is unfit for Winter food.

Owing to unusual weather— condi-
tions, growth of (ilant and secretion of
honey — the honey contains ingredients
that produce diarrhea, and the de-
struction of colony, comb and brood is
the result. It must be remembered
that bees do not void excreta in the
hive ; if bees remain in the hive from
November until April, the excreta
must be retained during this time. It
is supposed that only a minute varia-
tion in the food is needed to disturb
this condition of tlie bee's body.

Therefore, it is not always safe to
put faith in the natural food of bees ;
it may be poison to them. There is no
doubt that granulated sugar is the best
Winter food for bees. If honey sells
for 25 cents a pound, and granulated
sugar may be bought for 6 or 7 cents a
pound, there is profit in exchanging
one for the other.

The sugar is further reduced in cost
by adding water. The proportion is J
weight of water, added to the sugar,
boiling-hot. If any bee-keeper is not
sure that his bees have enough honey
for tli(! Winter. let tliem be given gran-
ulated sugar at once. Bees have been
fed in this way in Mid-winter, and
have been thus carried through until
Spring. Feed the syrup warm. •
Providence, K. I. '

In the year 1882, while a resident of
the village of F . my occupations-
were chiefly dentistry and apiculture — ■
dentistry as a livelihood, and apiculture
as an amusement and recreation, and,
perhaps, in time, a means of profit.

My bees. Italians, Holy Lands and
Cyprians, were the progeny of tirst-
class queens. During this time I was
a student of two text-books on apicul-
ture, also a reader of the Bee-Keepers'
Magazine, and, after a study of these
works, I was, in my own estimation, a
professional apiarist ; an estimation
which was not wholly without founda-
tion, for it does not require a great
length of time for me to intellectually
digest the contents of a book.

Well, one day about the time of
white clover bloom. I procured a few
yards of mosquito netting, and a thick
pair of sheepskin mittens, and went
into my humble apiary (10 colonies)
to shovv the native bee-men how to
multipl}' ten by three.

After dividing. 1 concluded to let
the queenless colonies rear their own
queens from the brood which I had
furnished them, with one exception.
Among these was a colony of hand-
some Italians with which I wished to
test the profits of modern bee-keeping.
I sent to New York for a queen, and
in due time she arrived, and was pro-
nounced "a daisy." although if she
had been a cockroach, I should have
introduced her with the same feeling
of security regai'ding the future pros-
perity of the colony, for up to that
time I had not seen specimens of either
of these insects. The caged queen was
put into the hive between two frames,
and allowed to remain 24 hours foi*
the p\irpose of becoming acquainted.

On the following d.ay I again re-
paired to my apiary with the intent of
releasing "Her Majesty," but, as a
pi'ecautionary measure against any
possible danger, I took my bottle of
perfume (a conspicuous article of my
toilet) and perfumed some sweetened
water, with which 1 sprayed both bees
and queen most thoroughl}', to give
them the same scent, according to
some high authority. This done, I
drew out the tin slide to the cage, and
let her in among tlie bees.

Did they receive her ? I should
think they did. She ran down into
the hive out of sight. "Peep, peep!"
What was that? ■ Rats, rats !" I ex-
claimed to myself. No. it could not
be rats nor mice ; it must be the queen

TMB mm,mmi€^mn wmm jovmnmiu.

827

that made the noise ; it must be a sig-
nal of distress, so I (juiekly separated
the large Qiiinby frames, and found
her enveloped in a ball of bees as
large as my tist.

Now, talk about niagnilieent bravery,
for I had abandoned mittens and net-
ting, and thrust my hand down and
scooped up the whole ball, and Hung
them on the alighting board, liberated
the queen, and re-caged her. Then
with ray handkerchief I wiped the
perspiration from my brow, for the
horse that carried Pliil Sheridan to
Winchester, never perspired more than
did I, after performing that difficult
apieultural sleight-of-hand feat.

No, that was not the cause of her
peeping. After giving the subject
careful consideration, 1 came to this
conclusion : The perfume being of an
agreeable odor, the bees liked to smell
of her, and she liked to smell of them.

The peeping noise was not the signal
of distress, but was her way of signify-
ing her entire satisfaction with her
surroundings. Acting on this hypoth-
esis, I again released her, and not
hearing from her again, I concluded
she was all right, as she proved to be.

But this operation was destined to
terminate in an accident to myself. It
was a time when tight pants were in
vogue, and one of the disappointed
thousand, that I flung on tlie alighting
board, managed to crawl up niy pant-
aloon's leg, and after reaching a con-
venient point of my anatom}', just as I
was stooping to pick up a tool that I
had been using, the little rascal put in
a plea of self-defense with such em-
phasis that my attention was at once
attracted to its mode of operations. In
fact, no member of the animal king-
dom ever made a loftier ascension,
unless it was the cow that jumped
over the moon. To have dismantled
in that thickly settled neighborhood,
would have been held as inexcusable,
even after a deliberate consideration
of the circumstances, and therefore,
like a plucky fellow, I shook him down
on to the ground, and bore the pain
without a murmur, not even asking
the sympathy or tender ministrations
of my wife.

Allen's Hill, N. Y.

THE PLACE.

What is the Best Location for
an Apiary?

Read at the S. W. Wisconsin Convention

BY C. V. MAIN.

As I have been assigned the subject
of Location, I will give you my idea of
what I would consider a good locality.

I would locate an apiary in llic
shade, but not so dense as to hinder
the bees in their flight, yet just enough
to prevent th(^ direct rays of the sun
from shining on the hives, wlii(^h
should also be protected from th(!
north and west winds in the Spring.
I would suggest that the grountl be
slightly slojnng to the south or east,
where the hives could have the sun in
the early morning.

But before locating an apiary, we
must look to the natural honey-pro-
ducing plants, shrubs, or trees. If
possible, locate near an ample clover-
field, as it will greatly benefit your
honey-crop ; and if you are fortunate
enough to establish your apiary in
close proximity to a buckwheat field,
it will help out the Autumn honey-flow.

If I were looking for a place to
locate, I would note the early pollen
sources, as it is very important that
the bees have plenty of pollen (and
that early) to stimulate brood-rearing.
No time in the j'ear is so important
as in the early Spring. It starts the
bees to work, stops dwindling, keeps
them busy, anil prevents their robbing
other hives,

Tiie following trees are named as
some of the most desirable from which
to obtain pollen : Soft-maple, willow,
ebn, witch-hazel, alder and poplar,
while there are a number of flowers
that also furnish earlj' pollen. If it
can be done, I would settle near plenty
of basswood, say within a mile.

Let me caution everyone to exercise
care and judgment in selecting a
location. Misfortunes aud small crops
may come to you. but with a little
forethought, these may be somewhat
averted.

Marietta, Wis.

STORING HONEY.

Where to Keep Honey in the
Best Condition.

IT'riftCTi/or the Pacific Riiral Press

BY S. L. WATKINS.

Too much cannot be said of the im-
portance of proper caring for honey
after it is taken from the hives. I am
afraid that a great many producers do
not give their surplus honey the atten-
tion that it requires, by proper ripen-
ing, and the grading and selection of
packages for both comb and extracted
hone3^

One of the greatest secrets in the
honey business is to have it thoroughly
ripened before placing it upon the
market. It does not pay to use sec-
ond-hand pails and cans for packing
and shipping extracted honey. The
man who has his honey put up in new
cans, with a bright, attractive label.

will make .'j sales — wlierc tlie man who
has used old cans will make one.

All extracted honey should be
graded. In our part of the State we
have 8 ditterent grades — the white,
amber and dark — ranging in price
from 1 to 5 C(uits per pound. Comb
honey should also be graded into 2 or
3 diflerent grades. After grailing and
scraping the propolis from the sec-
tions, it should be put in section or
shipping-crates, and kept in a warm
honey-house.

Never, ' under any consideration,
keep honey in a cellar, or even in a
room where the temperature changes
so much as to cause dampness to set-
tle on the surface of anything. If you
do, the aroma and exquisite taste of
the honey is destroyed.

An old man once asked me why the
honey obtained from bee-trees in the
winter-time, was always superior to-
any honey he ever bought or had taken
from hives. I told him the reason
probably was, that the honey he
bought in the stores, and that he had
taken from the hives, was not as well-
ripened as that taken from the bee-
trees.

The most essential retjuisites for
ripening honey are warmth and dry-
ness ; and this is especially necessary
from the time the honey is stored in
the hive, until it is fully ripened.

In Southern California they I'ipen
their extracted honey in large tanks,
holding from one to several thousand
gallons, aud in most cases the honey is
ripened in the open air. A screen of
some kind is fastened on the top to
keep out bees and insects, and if I am
correctl}- informed, they leave the
honey in those tanks from 2 weeks ta
2 months.

To an apiarist of small means, who
has only a few colonies, and wishes to
ripen his extracted honey. I would ad-
vise the purchase of a few stone crocks
or jars, for they answer the purpose
well. In storing comb-honey in a
honey-house, be sure to keep it .several
inches above the floor, because in rainy
and cold weather the honey seems to
draw moisture, and the hone}' becomes
thin and wateiy. and sometimes
acquires a sour taste.

When you have finished canning all
the extracted honey, have it so placed
that the sun may shine on it as much
as possible.

(Jrizzly Flat, Calif.

i^cw' Siil»!'Ofibers can have the Bee
Journal and the Illustuated Home Jouk-
NAL from now until the end of 1891 for
S;l.35. This is a rare opportunity for club-
bing two valuable periodicals for a slight
advance upon the price of one, and getting
the rest of this year free.

828

T'HM MMEmicsi* mmm j&'umnmLe.

COWEWTIOX UIRECTORY.

Time find place of meeting.

Dec. le, 17.— Northern Illinois, at Rockford. Ills.

D. A. Fuller, Sec, Cherry Valley, Ills.

Deo. IR. 19.— Carolina, at Pineville. N. C.

N. P. l,yles. Sec, Derit:i, N. C.

Jan. 1, 1!.— Michigan State, at Detroit, Mich.

H. D. Cutting, Sec, Clinton, Mich.

May 7.— Susquehanna County, at Montrose, Pa.

H. M. Seeiey, Sec, Harlord, Pa.

■ In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are reque.sted to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — The Editok.

North American Bee-Keepers' Association

Phesidext— P. H. Elwootl. ..Starkville, N. Y.
Secket.ahv— C. P. Dadant Hamilton, Ills.

National Bee-Keepers' Union.

Pkesident— James Heddou ..Dowagiac, Mich.
Secy and Manager— T. G. Newman, Chicago.

ifS^

Wiiiler Covei-iiifj.

How is it about the cover over the bees
for wintering out doors ; Are they to be
on the hives, or taken off ? Please answer
through the Bee Jduiinal.

Barber, Wis. R. ToLEiiROTEX.

fif you mean the hive-covers, leave them
on, of course. There should also be a straw
mat or cushion of chaff over the frames for
absorbing the moisture arising from the
cluster of bees, if you do not " pack " the
hives with straw all around. Your ques-
tion is too indefinite for an intelligent
reply.— Ed.]

■IlinoiM Statu Fair.

As Mrs. L. Harrison was not very well
posted, or probably made a mistake in
giving all the honors to the 'Iowa exhibi-
tors of bees and honey at the late State
Fair, I would call her attention to the fact
that I, a resident of Illinois, carried awaj-
some of the honors, among them a second
premium on comb honey ; and so that you
may see that Illinois was not entirely with-
out honey, I will say that I obtained 900
pounds of comb-honey and 100 pounds of
-extraeted-honey. My bees are in splendid
condition for Winter. A.iKOX Copi'IN.

Wenona, Ills.

[There, Sister Harrison, you were a little
too previous. Illinois is redeemed, even if
it is a second-rate (second oremium) affair.
—Ed.]

IIx«e.«i!<ive Mtvarining.

Will some of the many readers of the
Amekican- Bee Joukx.m. tell me what to do
to present bees from swarming too exces-
sively. Last Summer, as a result of too
much swarming, I obtained no comb-
honey from my bees. If there is any pos
sible way to overcome this difficulty, I

shall be glad to know it. The hive I use is
the 8-frame Wisconsin.

Being but a beginner in the art of bee-
keeping, and very anxious to learn, I will
ask Mr. J. M. Hambaugh for his reason for
shaking bees in front of the hive.

And now, Mr. Editor, io thanking your
contributors for the many good and helpful
things found in the Bee Jouknal, may I
ask them to be a little more explicit, and
when writing give their explanations more
in detail. S. M. Caulzex.

Montclair, Colo., Dec. 1, 1890.

!Vot I>i*«coiira;;<><l.

The season of 1890 is over, and although
I had but o swarms, and 600 pounds of
surplus honey in one iJound sections from
my 73 colonies of bees, I am not one bit
discouraged, but anticipate far better
results next season. My bees are still out-
of-doors, having plenty of stores laid by
for winter. Enw. Margiletu.

Mt. Carroll. Ills., Nov. 28, 1890.

.Ui!>«ouri SlatiMtics.

Being requested by the Secretary of the
Missouri State Board of Agriculture to
furnish him statistics of the bee-keeping
interests of Missouri for publication, and in
compliance with this request, I ask every
bee-keeper of this iState to assist in this
matter by sending to me a report of how
many colonies of bees they had in the
Spring and Fall of 1890 ; how much comb-
honey, e.xtractedhouey, and beeswax they
obtained. I would also suggest you giving
all information possible concerning those
keeping bees in your neighborhood. As
there are to be some -10,000 copies of the
Agricultural Report printed and dis-
tributed, we now have an excellent oppor-
tunity of bringing the bee-keeping interests
before the people of the State of Missouri.
By attending promptly to this matter, you
will not only confer a favor, but will be
materially benefited yourself by so doing.
J. W. Rouse, Secretary
Misnourl State Bee-Kccperg' Association-
Mexico, Mo., Dec. 1, 1890.

Ciood Honey Ci-op.

My bees fabout 100 colonies) have done
exceedingly well this season. The colonies
which were "strong" in the Spring (the
great thing for success in bee keeping)
were in fine condition for the basswood
gathering. I live on the banks of what
was once a lake, but which has been dry
for some years. This Fall this spot being
abloom with sun-Howers, and the weather
fine, the bees have been even busier secret-
ing nectar from these blossoms than when
gathering from the basswood blossoms.
The warm, bright days and heavy dews at
night assisted greatly in the gathering of
this nectar. I make a specialty of ex-
tracted-honey, and will be able to extract
close on to 100 pounds from each colony,
which retails at 10 to 15 cents per potmd.
My bees have many frames of honey, more
than they cluster on, seemingly, without
having been capped over, and. as far as I
am able to .iudge, this has been placed in
combs after the gathering was past. My
honey is very thick this season. I notice
on fine days that the bees still drink plenty
of water. Do thev thin the honey with
this water ; and will this account for the
apparently fresh gathered honey in combs
after the disappearance of the flowers and
the many nights of frosty weather ; In
putting my bees aside for the Winter, I
leave from 6 to 8 frames of the brood-
chamber pretty full of honey, and fill the
super with dry sawdust and leaves. I

move the entrance blocks to within an inch
or half an inch. My hives are the 10-frame
Langstroth. P. L. Porgan.

Sloan, Iowa, Nov. 27, 1890.

[Bees do use water for diluting honey,
preparing food for the young bees, etc.—

Ed.I

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

CHICAGO, Nov. 26.— There is not the vol-
ume of trade usual at this season, yet prices
are without material chang-e since last quota-
tions. Best lots of while honey in 1-pound
sections, bring-s 17®lSc; brown and dark,
slow, at uncertain price's. Bxtvaetcd, 7@8c
per pound. Our stock is light, as to (luantity,
but is kept well up to demand by daily re-
ceipts. Beeswax, 27@l:Kc.

R. A. BURNETT, 161 S. Water St.

DENVER, COLO., Nov. 28.— First grade 1-Ib.
sections, lU(3ilSe. Suppl.v exceeds the demand
at present. Beeswax, 2.")(5*28c.

J, M. CLARK COM. CO.. 1517 Blake St.

DETROIT, Nov. 27.— Comb honey in good
demand at 15@17c per lb. Extracted, 7@8c.
Beeswax, 27@28c.

M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch. Mich.

NEW YORK, Dee. 6.— We quote: Fancy 1-
Ibs., white, 16@17c.; 2-lbs., white, 13@14c.
Off grades, 1-lbs., 1.3@14c. : 2-lbs.. 12 cents.
Buckwheat, l-lbs., 12(51. 'Sc; 2-Ibs., 11 cents.
Extracted, white clover :iiid basswood, 8'/4@9c
buckwheat, 6ii@7c.; California, 6?.i@7Hc.;
Southern, 65@70c per gallon. Market has
been inactive for weeks. Beeswax, 2,3@26c.
HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
28-yO West Broadway.

KANSAS CITY, Nov. 2S.-We quote 1-lb.
white comb, 16® 18c: 1-lb. dark comb, 12@1 4c:
extracted, 5@7c. California 1-lb. white comb.
16@17c; 1-lb. extra C & C. lOo; 2-lb. extra
C & C, 14c; 2-lb. white, l.'ic; oxtracted,6S4@7c.
CLEMONS, MASON & CO.,

Cor. ith and Walnut StB.

CINCINNATI. Nov. 12.— There is a good de-
mand for all kinds of honey. Arrivals are
(air of all but comb honey and Southern ex-
tracted. Small lots only of each are arriving,
and are sold immediately. California honey
seems to be as highly appreciated in our
market as the best clover honey. We quote
choice comb honey nominal at 16(Sil8c per lb.
Extracted honey at 5^(5 ,Sc per lb.

Beeswax is in good demand at 24@26c., for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH & SON,
Corner Freeman Sc Central Aves.

CHICAGO, Nov. 2.5. — New honey arriving
very slowly, demand active, and all receipts
are taken promptly. We quote: White clover
1-lbs., 16@18c.: 2-lbs., 14@l,5c,: dark 1-lbs.,
ll®12c: 2-lbs., 9@10c. Extracted meets with
quick sale, values ranging from 6H@7i4 cts.,
depending tipon quality and style of package.
Beeswu.v, 28®:i0c.

S. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St.

BOSTON, Nov. 28.— We quote fancy white
1-pound combs. 19@20c: fair to good, 18@19c.
No 2-lb. combs in the market. E.xtracted, 7@
9c. No beeswax on hand.

BLAKE & RIPLEY. .'.7 Chatham Street.

MILWAUKEE, Oct. 11.— Market is in good
condition for honey: demand is steady and
good values muintaine<l, while the supply is
fair to meet the current dcmauds. We quote*
Choice white 1-lbs., 17®18c. ; good white 1-lbs.
16@17c. Dark and old 1-lbs., 10@12c. Ex-
tracted, white in barrels. .S'2@9c.: in kegs or
tin, 9®9i^c. : dark, in barrels or kegs, 6®7c. —
Beeswax, 26®30c.

A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.

ALBANY, N. Y., Dec. (i, 1890.— The honey
market is quiet, but stock is light aud i>rices
well sustained. We arc selling white at 16®
20c: ndxed, 14@13c; buckwheat, 13@14c.
Extracted, white, 8"/4@10c; amber, 7@8c;
dark. B®6!4c. Boeswa.x, 2S@30c.

H. R. WRIGHT, 326-328 Broadway.

Tmm mimmmi^mff bei^ jo-ijRiMai,.

820

BCSINESS MANAGER.

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usiucss 21oticc5.

' Subscribers who do not receive their

papers promptly, should notify us at once.

I^W Send us one new subscription, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
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Jt^f" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample fi'ee.

1^" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.

It^" Send us two neiv subscriptions, with
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11^" Systematic work in the Apiary will
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J^" A "Binder" made especially for
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in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Joui-nal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:

Price 0/ both. CI uh.
The American Bee Joui-nal $1 00. . . .

and Gleanings in Ree-Gulture 2 00 — 175

Bee-Keepers' Guide 150. .. 140

Bee-Keepers' Review 150 — 140

The Apiculturist 175 — 165

Bee-Keepers' Advance 150 — 140

Canadian Bee Journal 2 00 ... 180

American Bee- Keeper 150 — 140

The 8 above-named papers 3 75 5 00

and Lang-slroth Revised (Dadant) 3 00 2 75

Cook'sManual(lS87 edition) 2 25.. . 2 00
Quinb.v's New Bee-Keeping. 2 50 — 2 25
Doolittle on Queen-Rearing. 2 00 — 175

Bees and Honey (Newman).. 2 00 175

Binderlor Am. Bee Journal. 160 — 150
Dzierzon''; Bee-Book (eloth). 3 00.... 2 00
Boot's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25 ... . 210

Farmer's Account Book 4 00 — 2 20

Western World Guide 150.... 130

Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150 140

A Year Among the Bees 1 50 1 35

Convention Hand-Book 150. .. 130

Weekly Inter-Ocean 2 00. . . . 1 75

Toronto Globe (weekly) 2 00.... 170

History of National Society. 150 125

American Poultrj' Journal.. 2 25 — 150

The Lever (Temperance) 2 00 1 75

Orange Judd Farmer 2 00 ... 165

Farm, Field and Stockman.. 200.... 165
Prairie Farmer 2 00 1 65

l>o not send to us for sample copies
of any other papers. Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.

We send "both, tlie Home
Journal and Bee Journal
for 1891, for $1.35.

If you have a desire to Unow

how to have Queens fertilized in upper
stories, while the old Queen is still laying
below— how you may safely introduce any
Queen, at any time of the year when bees
can fly — all about the different races of
bees— all about shipping Queens, queen-
cages, candy for queen-cages, etc. — all
about forming nuclei, multiplying or unit-
ing bees, or weak colonies, etc. ; or, in fact
everything about the queen-business which
you may want to know, send for " Doolit-
tle's Scientific Queen-Rearing;" a book of
170 pages, which is nicely bound in cloth,
and is as interesting as a story. Price, $1.00.

Catarrh. Catarrhal Deafness, Hay-
Fever — A new hometreatment whereby the
worst cases of these hitherto incurable dis-
eases are permanently cured by a few
simple applications made once in two
weeks by the patient at home. A circular
describing the new treatment is sent to
any applicant free on receipt of stamp to
pay postage by A. H. Dixon & Son, sole
proprietors,345 West King Street,Toronto,
Canada. 49 A 12Mtf

NEW FACTORY.

K'l'<'. Wc Imvo moved into our new
fju'tory. wliicli i.i the largest uiul most oom-
ideto 'in the world. Wc make the liest oT tfoode,
and sell ihein jit lowest prices. Write for free-
Illustrated Catalogue.

Ci. B. l^EWIS CO., \ratertowii, W\m^
:J5Atf

GROUND CORK

For Packing Bees iflWiater.

THIS consists of small pieces about the
Rixe of a pea, and is an excellent thing for
packing Bees in winter. Prices : In orijfinal
packages of 100 pounds, $4.U0. measuring- 14
bushels.; smaller quantities. 10 cents per lb.;
or a seamless sack, containing 15 lbs., $1.00.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street. - CHICAGO, ILL.

WIi; arc now ready to receive shipments of
HONEV, and would be pleased to open
correspondence. Liberal advances made on
consignments. Prompt returns. Quick ship-
ments of Comb and. Extracted will meet
an active market. Reference on tile with the
American Bee Journal.

S. T. FISH A: CO., 189 So. Water St.,
n33A20t CHICAGO. ILLS.

SPECIAL DISCOUNT

ON HIVES.

IN order to keep our factory running- during
the fall and winter months, we will make
a discount of 10 per ceut. on all orders for
Hives received before Jan. 1, 1891, and after
that date, until March 1, we will makeadis-
count of 5 per cent, from our Catalogue-
prices.

The experience of the last season should
prompt every bee-keeper to have his supply of
Hives, etc.. on hand before the season com-
mences, and avoid the rush.

THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street. - CHICAGO, ILL.

PATENTS

THOS. P. SIMPSON, Washington,
D.i \ No atty's fee until patent ob-
tained. Write for Inventor's Guide.

Rural Life !

lOO Pases— Price, 95 Ceuts.

RARELY is such a collection of valuable
ideas embodied in a pamphlet like this.
Its scope is as broad as itstitle, and the matter
is presented in a concise. " boiled-down "
manner, giving experience of many in few
words. Among- the subjects treated are these:
Economy; Prosperity and Adversity; Charac-
ter; Health; Remedies: Mistakes of Life; Is
Life worth Living; Domestic and Household
Affairs; Planting and Culture of Vegetables;
Planting, culture, trimming and training
Vines, Trees and Plants; Bees, Poultry, Live-
stock, Farm Topics, Pithy Paragraphs." etc. It
is neatly bound in paper covers, and has a
comprehensive index.

FREE AS A PREMIll 7^1 ^,^'\T'.^^

person sending- us one new subscriber for the
BEE JOUKNAL, or the HOME JOURNAL.
with the subscription price for a year.

THOmAS G. NEWJtIAN 6l SON,

246 East Madiaon Street, - CHICAGO, ILL..

830

Tmm mvi^mmi^-mn mmm j&jsmmmi^.

BEE-KEEPERS' GUIDE

E

VEKTf Farmer and Bee-Keeper should
hare it. The

loth 1,000, WJiolly Revised !

mUCH ENIiARGEn!

Contains many more beautiful Illustrations
and is up to date. It is both PRACTICAL and
SCIENTIFIC.

Prices: By mail. $1.50. To dealers, $1.00.
In 100 lots, by freight, 50 per cent. off.

Address,

A. J. COOK,

SoAtf Agrrlcnltnral College, nicli.

MOTH'S

HONEY EXTRACTOR

PEllFECTION

Cold-Blai!it Siuokers,
>quai'e 4j^las» Hone)'^ Jars* &c.

For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & SOK,
Cor. Freemau & Central Avos.. Cincinuati, O.
Send lOe for Practical Hints to Bee-Kocpers.

DO YOU WANT

To succeed in Apiculture? Then try the
Noapareil Bee-Hive and Winter Case.

Send for Catalogue of prices, and enclose 25
cents in stamps for the new tjook, "BEE-
KEEPING FOK PROFIT," and you will not
regret it.

Address, DR. G. L. TlMtEH,

45Atf New Philadelphia, Ohio.

JlJention the American Bee Jounml.

BEESWAX WANTED.

BeesM-ax.— We will pay ao cents per

pound. In Casli, for Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
ered here.

J^" To avoid mistakes, the name of the
shipper should always be on each package.

TIIOS. C. NEWTTIAN 4; SON,

•24R Ea.st Marli.-ion Street. - CHICAGO. ILL.

PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION

HAS NO SAG IN BKOOD FRAMES.

THIN FLAT BOTTOM FOUNDATION

Has no Fi»U-boiie in Surplus-Honej .

Beinjr the cleanest is usually worked
the quickest of any Foundation lunde.

J. VAN DEClSEN A: SONS,

Sole Miinuliicturers.
Sprout Brook. MoniKomery Co.. N. Y
MeJition the American Bee Journal.

lufkefs for Wiarltet

AND

p Turkeys for Profit,

By "FANNY FIELD.

WRITTEN for those who are interested in
Tui'licys and wish to make them jiro-
fltable. She reared in one year 150 Turkeys—
and did the work for a family of five— netting
her $:J00. No farming pays .so well as Turkeys.

CONTENTS.— Age of breeding stock, about
the Ooijbler— Which breeds are best and most
profllable-Settingtheeggs-Care while hatch-
ing—Profit per licad— Care until fully feath-
ered—Food for the young— ."^ave the feathers.
they bring good prices— Numlier of hens to a
Gobbler- Naraganset Turkeys — White Tur-
keys—Bronze Turkeys— Common Turkeys —
To restore chilled Turkeys— Di.seases of Tur-
keys—Leg weakness- Killing and dressing-
Mark your Turkeys— Marketing— Capital and
number to begin with— Tells all about the
Turkey business. Price, *Zn ceiils.

Given for One New Subscriber to this paper
for one year, with $1.00.

THOS. G. NEWMAN Hi SON,

24fi Bast Madison St.. - CHICAGO, ILL.

OUR GREAT CLUB OFFER.

r^r54-^

WE have arranged with the
publishers of GREEN'S M
FRUIT GROWER, to olfer -/^^
that well known and popu-
lar Monthly (i2 times a
>ear) to our subscribers,
when clubbed with this
journal, at a very low price.

> GREEN'S FByiT GROWER

,.,,, IS a pioneer in Horti-
' It s wcked to steal, Sus^e,.^,nd besides the boss culture. established

ten years ago. Its
Editor is a practical fruit grower, editing from his own vine-
yards and orchards. " It contains more practical informa-
tion on Fruit Culture than any other journal," says Matthew ^
Crawford. ' sy

Sty Subscription Price of the Monthly F-siitt Grower «
done ii 50 Cents, or when clubbed with '

the American Bee Journal, $l.30 ; with the Illustrated Home Journal, SO cents :
or all three for $l.TO.

THOmAS G. MEWMAIV & §OIV,

246 Madison Street, CHICAGO, ILLS.

OUR BOOK PREMIUMS

We desire to get our friends all through the country to aid us in increasing our list of
Subscribers to the

mrnim m .lOURMl-Weekly, 32 Pa^es, .$1.00 a Year ; and
The ILLISTRATED HOME JOURML- Monthly, 32 Pages, 50 Cents a Year.

We make the reader this proposition; If you will get us Two Wew Siibsoribers
to the BEE JOURNAL, or (<'oiii- tor the HOME JOURNAL, with .*3.00 for the year,
we will |>i-e!«ent you with either of the following Books, as you may choose :

DOOLITTLE'S QUEEN-REARING,

with Appendix — 170 Pages, bound in paper. Or

MILLER'S "YEAR AMONG THE BEES,"

which contains 114 Pages, bound in cloth.

Sent FiiEE of postage, as pay for work to be done for us. Clubs need not be located at
one post-office, and foi' either or both Journals to the same or different addresses :

THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON, 346 East Madison St., Chicago, Els.

The i lATioML i Stockmm ? AND J Farmer

Is the most ably edited and the best printed Agricultural Journal among our exchanges.
It is published at Pittsburgh, Pa., and the publishers claim the largest circulation of
any Farm Weekly Paper in America. The subscription price is $l.i>0 per year.

BY SPECIAL ARRANGEMENT,

We offer this Paper with the

American Bee Journal for 1891,

For $I.»S -or with the

Illustrated Home Journal for 1891,

The balance of 1890 will be sent Free, to all New Subscribers, to all three publications.
This is a rare liargain, and the sooner the Subscriptions are received, the more
numbers of 1890 will be sent Free. If a Sample Copy is desired, send a Postal Card
for it to the NATIONAL FARMER AND STOCKMAN, PITTSBURGH, PA.

SEND ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS TO US.

THOMAS G-. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East Madisoii Street, - • CHICAGO, IL.1..

4IA— llMtf

T'MS MMB;RI€'M]H mMM JOmmMMIU.

835

■^'^■^'^'^■^'^■^tm^^^mA

t»»mtmtmtmtmAm»^AmAmti^'-—'^ — ^M

THOS. ONEWMAN Rs-SON,

. r'HIC^XGO, ILI/. '

^^^^^¥^^^v' ,*

EDITOR.

Mim Dec. 20, 1890, No. 51.

Ring, happy bells, for frieud and foe.

Ring in the Merry Christmas day !
Its holly-wreaths, its mistletoe,

Its happy hearts, both bright and gaj'

>Ve Wish all our readers, friends and
■correspondents

R. Merry Christmas !

The Holiday Season has again arrived,
and brings its Christmas cheer ! With its
parties and pleasures — its kind words and
tokens of love — its presents and remem-
brances— its family reunions and holiday
attire — it comes with its gladsome, joyous
merriment and annual blessedness.

Let ever}' heart today rebound with
delight, and every lip respond with thank-
fulness tor that grand proclamation which
now we commemorate —

" PEACE ON EARTH-
GOOD WILL TO MEN."

One Number IVIore will end the
present Volume of the Bee Jouunal. Next
year we shall change the form somewhat —
giving two columns to the page, but it will
have double the number of pages that it
now contains — making 1G04 pajfes for
the year. It will also be printed with new
type, and an entire new dress. This will
add considerable expense and labor, but it
will be " a daisy." Although the Volume
for the year 1891 will be as thick as Web-
ster's Unabridged Dictionary — it will be
supplied for a sing^le dollai- ! This will
be the most wonderful journalistic accom-
plishment in the apicultural World, eclipsing
all others ! The American Bee Journal is
the only weekly bee-periodical in America,
and is even now the largest in the World !

?lre Bees a Nuisance ? This

is the record of another suit to compel the
removal of bees from the city limits, and
the farcical outcome of it. Mr. Tatman
says :

A neighbor became offended at me for
naught, and tried to compel the removal of
ray bees from town. It was tried before
the Mayor, but they failed to sustain the
case. I still have ray bees in town, and
several others keep bees here also, even
since the prosecution. My neighbor is now
on good terms, and I do not expect any
further trouble. My bees have done but
little good during the last few years, but I
enjoy working with them, and I cannot re-
frain from working with them.

J. H. Tatman.

Connersville, Ind., Dec. 6, 1890.

Mr. Tatman being a member of the
National Bee-Keepers' Union, the General
Manager has paid a portion of the attor-
ney's fee, and the legal defense prevented
the prosecution from being able to sustain
the plea.

Lectures on bees at Farmers' Insti-
tutes are advocated by Mrs. L. Harrison,
in the Prairie Farmer. She says :

If you have an influence with " the
powers that be," have a lecture on bees,
illustrated with charts, showing how bees
act as marriage priests between flowers.
It would be well to have a lecture of this
kind, during the Winter, whenever an
opportunity ofl'ers, whether it be at an
Institute, Grange, or horticultural meeting.

This advice is good and timely. Such
lectures will help to dispel the ignorance so
prevalent about the important part played
by bees in the production of fruit. " Let
there be light " to enlighten the darkness,
and drive away ignorance and superstition
from the minds of the people.

Don't Kail to attend the Michigan
State Convention at Detroit on January 1
and 2, 1891. You can enjoy the New
Year's day there, and have a delightful
time. We would go, but the great rush of
business consequent upon the New Year,
will make it quite impossible for us to leave
the office ; but Prof. Cook, Dr. Mason, Hon.
R. L. Taylor, H. D. Cutting, W. Z. Hutch-
inson, Geo. H. Hilton, and many other en-
thusiasts are expected to be there, and a
general " good time " will certainly be the
result. " Go up to the Feast," and you will
certainly come home refreshed !

Migratory Bee=Keeping. — An

apiary on wheels is one of the latest inno-
vations in California. After the foot-hills
have been pastured the bee-herder moves
his bees to a higher elevation, where they
gather the nectar stored in the blossoms of
wildclover,chaparraI and other plants ; and
when these have been relieved of their
saccharine matter, the bees are again
moved to a higher elevation, where flowers
peculiar to that region yield up their
sweets to them.— £:rc?ian(;c.

The Bec"Hivc published at Andover,
Conn., has now ceased to exist. The sub-
scription list has been bought by the W. T.
Falconer Manufacturing Company, and on
the 1 st of January they will begin their new
monthly called the Dee-Keeper. The De-
cember issue of the Dee-Hive contained
this item and comment :

We understand that 1 1 colonies of bees
were recently sold in this State for $100.
It is safe to say that the party buying tbem
at that price will know the value of bees
by the time he gets back the price paid.

Next Year we shall have a Department
entitled " Current Bee-Notes," in which we
shall briefly give the contents of the apicul-
tural publications of the World. This will
be a valuable addition to " the only
Weekly Bee-Paper in America." By I'ead
ing it you will obtain the news, experi-
ments, inventions, and important bee-
literature of the World, in brief form.

Life-lVIembcrship in the N. Tt.
B. K. H. -In order to become life-mem-
bers in this Association, spoken of else-
where iu these columns, all you have to do
is to pay $10 to the Secretary ; and when
j'our name is voted upon and accepted, you
will be a life-member, and no more .4NNBA1,
dues to pay. Any one thoroughly inter-
ested in the success of the Society (and
that success means a geat deal to our
industry in general) cannot do better than
to become a life-member. If he be a
straightforward man there will be no doubt
that he will be accepted. — Oleanings.

Supply Dealers, before issuing
their Catalogues for next season, should
write to us for terms on the Globe Bee-Veil.
We have sold over 1,200 within the past
year. They give universal satisfaction

20,000. — That is the number of square
feet of floor surface in the new factory of
the W. T. Falconer Manufacturing Com-
pany. The omission of the last cipher in
their advertisement on the cover of the
Report of the Keokuk Convention, made it
nonsensical. That part of it appears as it
should read on page 845.

Several new Catalogues for 1891 of
bee-keepers' supplies have come to hand.
We will notice all of them in the first
number for next year. In justice to our
patrons we shall hereafter only notice those
that come from our advertisers.

For $2.15 we will send you the Bee
Journal, Oleanings in Dee-Culture, and
the Illustrated Home Journal— all for the
year 1891. The price quoted on page 820
was erroneous to the amount of 20 cents.
This is a rare opportunity to secure 3 good
periodicals for about the price of two.

336 Tmm MME;RICJ1I« MMM IOjWi

> — -■ — ■•■-" — - — ■'-^- -^-^ « »i^ «» « jj»^« mjk^t^tk * mAm^m^^^m^mAM

Christmas Bells.

O bells ! sweet bells ! across the years
Half gay, half sad, your chiming;

Old joys ye tell; old sorrows swell
Throughout your tender rhyming.

O merry bells! this Christmas day
How loud and clear your ringing !

Such love and mirth o'er all the earth
Your lusty voices flinging ! „

nifalfa for Honey.— A correspou
dent sends us the following letter contain-
ing many questions which he wishes to
have answered in the Bee ;Joukxai, for the
information of not only himself, but many
others. He says :

A gentleman here wishes to sow 50 acres
of land to grass within two miles of my
bees, and I have been talking of alfalfa to
him. Who can furnish the seed i At what
price i Please give some directions as
when and how.to sow it, and what quantity
per acre. Also state its relative merits for
pasturage, or to the common red clover.
What can white-clover seed be bought for
per bushel ? How many acres will one
bushel sow ? Myself and one of my neigh-
bors wish to join the Bee Keepers'^Union ;
how will we proceed ; »,t ,-, c _

Greenfield, Ills.

W. G. Secor.

will be as good as ever it will, and stand
that way for ten years.

Some seed stores keep it. If not conven-
ient to get it near home, we can supply
you, but its market quotations vary like
white clover. It will very likely be adver-
tised for sale in the Bee Jouksal next
Spring. The following from a correspon-
dent in Utah will answer the questions
propounded :

Lucerne will grow on any land that will
produce wheat, corn or potatoes, and will
thrive on many lands that none of these
will grow on, especially very light sand or
gravel, though it does well on clay. But it
does not grow on any land that the water
stands within one foot of the surface, and
there is no use in sowing it in an alkali
strong enough to keep wheat from growing.
Though particular about wet land, it will
stand any amount of wet in the summer, as
long as there is plenty of drainage. It will
also stand all of the water in the Winter
that may fall in the shape of rain, or snow
that may melt.

It is a very quick grower, and will mature
the first crop in about two months from
the time that growth commences. The sec-
ond crop will mature in about six weeks
from cutting, and the third in about five
weeks from cutting of the second. The
second crop is the heaviest, but the first is
a little the best feed, as it grows a little
longer than the others. It will yield about
on an average of six tons per acre, and I
have known it to produce double that
quantity.

SowiNi;.— The best method is to sow
broadcast about 15 pounds per acre, where
the land is in good condition, but on very
weedy land, or clear gravel or sand that is
very poor, put about H pounds more. You
cannot get any crop from it the first year,
but do not get discouraged if the plants are
on an average of 10 inches apart,little,slim
single stems about 4 or 6 inches high.
Your prospect is good that you will get 4
tons per acre next year, and the next it

fact it does better to have it shaded when
young. Sow at the same time that you do
Spring grain.

Cultivation.— Where there is plenty of
rain, there is no cultivation needed, for it
would be unwise to manure it, as it thrives
fully as well on washed sand as it will on
the best garden-spot, but in a few years
it will make clear sand a rich land, owing
to the decay of the root. The roots will
sink themselves for a distance of 10 to 20
feet straight down. They are about 1}.^
inches in diameter, and fully one-half of
that root cut, it will not be worth more
than one-half for feed, and will be entirely
worthless for market. Heavy dews are not
good either.

Rake into windrows, if cut with a mow-
ing machine, and let it dry until it begins
to let the leaves fall when handled roughly,
then pick it up and lay it in piles, just one
forkful in a pile, to cure. Do not roll it
together, or it will not load easily, then
you will have to pull it to pieces, thus los-
ing one-half of the leaves.

In order to join the National Bee-Keep-
ers' Union, send to the General Manager,
in care of this ofiice, the Entrance Fee
($1.00), and that pays for the Dues of any
portion of the unexpired current year,
ending Dec. 31. Any sent after this date
pays for the year 1S91.

Then it costs only one dollar for Annual
Dues, which are payable every New Year's
day, and must be paid within six mouths,
in order to retain membership in the Union.

If membership ceases, all claims against
former members also cease ; and all claims
to the protection of the Union are dissolved.

Alfalfa, showing Us long Roots.

It is best to sow with grain. Oats are the
best ; thus you will lose no time, bxit can
have a crop from your land every year. In

Northwestern Convention.— A

correspondent sends us the following ques-
tion :

What has become of the Northwestern,
Bee-Keepers' Associati^on ? The C'°°ven-
tion met in Chicago early in October, 1889.
Please answer through the Bee Joornal.

E. P. GiBBS.

By referring to page 659, it will be seen
that the officers consulted upon the advisa-
bility of not holding a Convention this
year, and concluded not to do sa. The time
for holding it came so near to that of the
International, that it was doubtful, in a
poor season for honey like the present,
whether the two could be made a success in
the same territory. The Northwestern,
therefore, gave way to the International.

Handlin;; Bees — This is the title of
a nice pamphlet, contaiping 28 pages and a
cover, published by Chas. Dadant & Son
It is a chapter from their book, Langstroth
Revised, and is an excellent thing .for be-
ginners. Price, 8 cts. For sale at this office.

4;oiiventi«m Notices.

a^- The Annual Meeting of theOntHrlo Bee-Keep-

r^- The Annual McetinK ot the Indiana State

B??Keepe™' A^suciitmn, will be held ni the Asn-

,. ,.„i HnnmB 'itate House. Indianapolis, Jan. 16,

?? ISgt ^°°'^"- ' UEO. C. THOMPSON, Sec.

ha^a?oSS^^I™ii^e2;;e7.'.Air<;i^''.ion'«^f»le'Se"lt
rM"o''n??o"»"e7p!.!tn Th"ur,dayjMa^y 7. ,h..^_ ^^^_

TfHE mjm.mwiicM'H mum joiaiRrfaiL.

837

Prevention or IiiereȤe.

n''rUUn /or the American Bee Journal

Qiii:kv 743. — 1. Where increase of
svvai'uis is not desired, is it a good plan to
hive the swarm with a colouy that has cast
a swarm only a few days previous ; 2. If
this plan is objectionable in the forepart of
the season, how would it work later 1 3.
If advisable to hive in this way, is it neces-
sary to remove all queen-cells before hiv-
ing the swarm ? — New York.

1. It may be in some cases. 2. It -will be
better then. 8. Yes.— Dao.vxt & Sox.

1. I never tried the plan, but good
authorities have recommended it. — C. C.
Miller.

It is not a good plan. All the queen-cells
should be removed before hiving. — J. P. H.

BitOWN.

very good. 2. Works well at
3. Yes ; very necessary. — A. J.

1 . Yes
all times.
Cook.

Over 15 years ago this theory came up,
and many of us carefully tested it, but
none of us use it now. — James Heudon.

No. My new system of management of
swarms, desoribed in my new book, is in-
finitely preferable. — G. L. Tinker.

1. Yes: it is one of the many plans of
work, and it will work all right. 3. It is
best to remove all queen-cells. — H. D. Cut-
ting.

This plan has never worked well with me.
I prefer to return the swarm to its hive, and
take the frames of brood out, and give
them to other colonies needing to be
strengthened. In either case always re-
move the queen cells.— P. L. Viallon.

1. This works very well. 2. Good. 3.
Yes ; and in doing this shake the bees from
the combs 2 or 3 feet in front of the hive,
and shake the swarm down with them, so
as to avoid fighting. — G. M. Doolittle.

I have done so. Sometimes it will work
satisfactorily, and at other times they
swarmed, but I never removed the queen-
cells before hiving. I think it will work
best in the latter part of the swarming sea-
son.— Eugene Secor.

I. I think not. 3. It is not advisable
later ; they are apt to kill each other. 3.
You can return a second swarm to its
parent colony by removing all queen-cells,
and prevent further increase. — J. M. Ham-

BAUOH.

1. No rule can be given as to swarming.
This plan will work as well as any, and will
work as well at one time as another. 3. I
do not remove the queen-cells, but let the
bees fix up to suit themselves. —J. E. Pond.

1. I should think so. I know some who
practice it. Sometimes I have extracted
the frames containing honey, and then run
in a swarm. 2. Late in the season would
do well. 3. The bees would take care of
the queen cells. — M,RS. L. Harrison.

I do not consider it a good plan at any
time. The swarming fever would not
always be allayed, and old queens would be
retained when young ones might as well be
had. Kill the old queen, return the
•swarm, and employ some easy way to pre-
vent further swarming.- R. L. Taylor.

1. I tried this plan one year, and found it
not a good one. The colony into which the

swarm is put will be almost sure to swarm
in a few days. 2. 1 do not think it will
work any better later. 3. Of course re-
move the queen cells, otherwise they would
certainly swarm. — C. H. Dibbeun.

1. The plan would not "work. I should
expect the swarm to re-issue in 2-1 hours.
2. It would not be a good plan at any
time. 3. A better plan would be to remove
the old queen, destroy all the queen-cells,
but f>ne, and return the bees to the hive
whence they came. It would be necessary
to look for and destroy any queen-cells that
might be built after the swarm had been
returned. — M. Maiiin.

The plan you suggest with, or without its
variations, will not work to my satisfac-
tion. To keep the bees together I let tUein
swai'm, remove the brood to an upper
story above the queeu-excluder, and hive
the swarm iu the newly prepared brood-
chamber below the queen-excluder. This
prevents increase with less disturbance and
less fussing than the plan you propose. In
practicing mj' plan, I pay no attention to
queen-cells, as they are cut off from the
queen's domain by the perforated excluder.
— G. W. Demaree.

Enameled Cloth for Winter
Covering.

Written for the American Bee Journal

Query 744.— Is the use of enameled
cloth desirable to cover the brood-frames
in Winter ? — Illinois.

No.— R. L. Taylor.

No.— J. M. HAlIBAnGH.

No.— G. L. Tinker.

I do not advise it.— J. P. H. Brown.

No. We take them off for Winter. —
Dadant & Son.

I have never used it, preferring heavy
muslin ; although some successful bee-
keepers do use it.— Mrs. L. Harrison.

I have used it satisfactorily iu the cellar,
but prefer the regular board cover. — C. C.
Miller.

Not with me. I use a sheet of duck or
best cotton cloth, and over this I place a
sawdust cushion, 4 inches thick. — G. M.
Doolittle.

I do not think it desirable in your climate,
as you need some absorbing material, such
as a quilt made of burlap, etc. — P. L. Vial-
lon.

I do not like enameled cloth. I do not
use it in Winter or in Summer. I think it
very unsuitable for Winter, either indoors
or out. I prefer an inch pine board. — M.
Mahin.

I do not use it myself, as I prefer a
cushion or quilt from 3 to 4 inches thick,
made of some material that will not hold
and retain moisture. — J. E. Pond.

Not unless it is used during the Summer.
I use the same covering both in Winter and
Summer ; but I winter my bees in the
cellar. — EriiENE Secor.

I have discarded it and all other cloth. I
could find no benefit in its use, when com-
prehensive and careful experments were
made with It.— J.oies Heddon.

No. I have experimented a great deal
on this line during the last 25 years, and
have come to the conclusion that a pine
board with a bee-space under it is as good
as anything. — C. H. Dibbern.

Yes. I consider enameled cloth the best
thing used by liee keepers to cover f rameK
in Winter. It is ne.xt to a cover glued on
jierfcctly tight. It is best used with a4-
inch cushion ou the top of it.— H. D. Cut-
ting.

I use a great many enameled covers. I
like them for Summer use, but they con-
dense moisture iu the Winter. I prefer a
porous cloth to go uext to the bees in the
Wintertime. I am quite sure that enam-
eled cloth is dangerous to the lives of the
bees, if they occupy a small department
for Winter quarters. — G. W. Demaree.

It is better to use burlap. — The Editor.

C'I.i;UKI3i<]i L,IST.

M'e diil> the American Dee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the I..AS'r
column. The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another jiaper or book;

Price of both. Oluh.
The American Bee Journal $1 00 —

and Gleanings in }iee-Culture 3 00 175

Bee-Keepers' Guide 1 ."lO. .. 140

Bee-Keepers' Keview 150 — 140

The Apiculturist 1 7.'i — 165

Bee-Keopcrs' Advance 150 — 140

Canadian Bee Journal 2 00 ... 180

Amcrioiiu Bec-Keeper 150 140

The 8 above-named papers o 73 — 5 00

and Langstroth Revised iDadant) 3 00 2 75

Cook's Manual (1887 edition) '2 2.-1.. . 2 00
Quinby's New Bee-Keopiug. 2 50 — 2 25
Doolittle ouQueen-Reuring. 2 00 — 175

Bees and Honey (Newman).. 2 00 175

Binderfor Am. Bee Journal, 160 — 150
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth). 3 00.... 2 00
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25 .... 210

Farmer's Account Book 4 00 ... . 2 20

Western World Guide 150.... 130

Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150 — 140

A Year Among the Bees 1 50 — 1 35

Convention Hand-Book 1 50 . . . 1 30

Weekly Inter-Ocean 2 00 — 175

Toronto Globe (weekly) 2 00.... 170

History of National Society. 150.... 125

American Poultry Journal.. 2 25 150

The Lever (Temperance) 2 00 1 75

Orange Judd Farmer 2 00 ... 105

Farm. Field and Stockman . . 2 00.... 1 Go
Prairie Farmer 2 00 ... . 1 65

Ho not send to us for sample copies
of any other papers. Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.

Xlie »>Fiiriu-I*oiillry"' is a 20-page
monthly, published in Boston, at 50 cents
per year. It is issued with a colored cover
and is finely illustrated throughout.

We have arranged to club the American
Bee Journal with the Farm-Poultry at
$1.35 per year for the two. Or with the
Illustr.vted Home Journal at $1.75 for
the three.

Free Xrial Trip subscriptions are
coming in <juite rapidly. We thank our
friends for this new illustration of their
personal interest in the Bee Journal. We
want thousands to read it for a few weeks
who did not know of its existence. Do not
be afraid of sending too many names. Let
us have the name and address of every
person who keeps bees in America.

838

'T'Mm MMBMIC'MM @@S; J^JSmMME,.

MISSOURI.

The Bce-Kecpers in Counsel at
Mexico, Mo.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY J. W. ROUSE.

The Missouri State bee-keepers' an-
nual convention was called to order on
Oct 22. at 2 p.m., at Mexico, Mo., by
President K. B. Leah}.

After the reading and approving of
the minutes of the ]\Iarsliall Conven-
tion, 16 members responded to roll-
call, and 14 new names were added
to the list.

The report of the Secretary was then
listened to, and on motion was ap-
proved. Then followed the

president's annual address.

Fellow Bee-Keepers and Friends : — It
devolves upon me as your President to
deliver to you what our by-laws call the
annual address. I am somewhat at a loss
just how to frame this address, but after I
am through you will, perhaps, pardon me
for my short-comings, and endeavor to
bring out in the discussions to follow what
I omitted.

This Association is now one year old, and
we have fairly launched upon the sea of
life, hoping that our voyage may be pros-
perous, and that this noble new industrial
ship may frequently enter harbor with
overflowing cargoes of nectar. This is not
the first Association in this State of like
character, though its predecessor was dif-
ferent in many respects. It was different
in that it embraced a smaller territory
than this ; it was held at one place, and its
members from a distance soon grew tired
of making a long pilgrimage to its annual
meeting point,and those near its established
seat equally soon grew tired of playing its
footstool. It did not increase in member-
ship ; was moved to Kansas City, and
there it died, with some three or four mem-
bers holding a walie over its remains. It
has been buried three years.

One year ago we organized the present
Association at Higginsville, and this body
has started forth with every promise of
success before it. At its first meeting some
twenty members were enrolled, and at
Marshall, last April, as many more were
added. Benefiting by the experience of its
predecessor, its conventions cannot be held
twice in succession in the same town, thus
enabling many beekeepers to attend its
sessions without having to travel a long
distance to do so. Other advantages are
derived under this rule, among which I
might add the fact that it does not devolve
upon one set of men to carr\' the Associa-
tion on their shoulders. Its meetings are
held semi-annually, giving us an opportun-
ity twice a year to compare notes of the
past, and indulge in interchanging ideas
for the future.

Our last Convention was held in the city
of Marshall. It was successful, instructive,
and profitable. New and old ideas and
methods were discussed and examined, and
each left with the proud conviction that
the intercourse with his fellows had been
one of profit as well as pleasure.

The question of adulteration of extracted-
bonej' has been most iirouiinently before

this Association since its inception. It is a
question that interests us all to a high
degree, and it is but right and just that the
question be agitated and held prominently
to view. It is a question that concerns two
classes of people, viz. : bee-keepers first,
and the people at large, second. If we do
not agitate the question no one will do it
for us, and it behooves us to hammer away
at it until every drop of glucose stuff is
driven from the" market.

At the Higginsville Convention one year
ago a committee was appointed to examine
the law on the matter, and it reported at
Marshal! by reading the law governing
the adulteration of food and drinks. A
committee was then appointed to draft
resolutions on the subject, and it presented
the following report :

"Whereas, It is known to this Association
that extracted- honey is largely adulterated
with glucose and grape sugar, and, as in
our opinion, the practice is damaging to
the producers of honey in this State, and a
fraud on the general public, therefore be it

'^Resolved, That this Association does
emphatically denounce the practice of
adulterating extracted-honey with glucose
or gi'ape sugar ;

" Resolved, That we urgently request the
Bee-Keeping Associations of the different
States, and others, to co-operate with us in
presenting this subject to the consideration
of the International American Bee-Associa-
tion, that they may memorialize Congress
to pass laws regarding the matter ;

''Resolved, That a copy of these resolu-
tions be sent to each State Bee-Keepers'
Association, and others."

The Secretary was instructed to request
a reply to these sentiments from the Asso-
ciations to which he sent these resolutions.
What these are the Convention knows
from the Secretary's report. With this
resume as to what this Association has
done in this matter, I would again say, do
not let it rest here.

The statistics gathered at the Marshall
Convention showed satisfactory and en-
couraging prospects for the season. Reports
were received from 1,980 colonies, Fall
count, and these had reduced to 1,909 col-
onies, Spring count, or a decrease of about
3-,.^ per cent. This was a very good report,
but the dry season greatly damaged the
honej'-crop, which, in many localities, was
only 50, and in others 33)3 per cent, of
what it should have been with a good sea-
son. But this partialj failure has also
many advantages. It resulted in securing
a better price for honey, and placed or
forced on the market much old honey, thus
cleaning the store houses of the producers,
and opening the market for fresh goods
next season. The late rains we had, and
the encouraging growth and hardihood of
honey-producing plants, and especially
white clover, during the past few months,
have all inspired new hopes and confidence
for a large crop next year. With these
matters before us, and the recollections
that it is not all sunshine and success in
any other industry, bee-keepers have, in
my opinion, little room for complaint.

Since I have but a few hours to serve as
your President, I do not wish to enter into
a number of recommendations for the
future action of the Association, but will
leave them for my successor. Yet there
are a few things I wish to call to your
attention.

I would recommend that every member
of the Association invite and urge his
neighbors to attend the sessions of the
Convention, and especially those who ad-
here to the old box-hive. It is here where
the methods of practical bee-keeping are
discussed, and there is no better plan to
break up the bo.x-hive and side issue busi-
ness than to introduce their advocates to

the methods and devices here presented
and discussed.

The successful business man, no matter
what line of industry may hold him, is
continually alert for new devices, appli-
ances and methods for pushing the trade or
profession in which he is engaged. These
devices and methods are carefully exam-
ined, and if they do not prove either labor
saving or money saving, are given a wide
berth. If the bee-keeper desires to make a
success of his chosen pursuit, be must be
equally alert, and not only carefully ex-
amine the new methods, devices, appli-
ances, and ideas presented, but put all the
push and energy he can command into the
business ; watch every opportunity, and
take advantage of every point gained.
Every box-hive and side issue man who
can be converted into the cause is a point
gained for the uplifting of the business, and
better prices. I say converted into the
cause, because you can bring nine men to
adopt the improved methods and devices
where you can drive one out of the
business.

There are a few characteristics for the
bee-keeper who wants to succeed to note
and develop. These are necessary to his
success, and should be cultivated with
every opportunity. The first of these is
morality. This is necessary in any pursuit,
and if .you will look about, you can readily
perceive that fifty moral men succeed
where one immoral one does. But in bee-
keeping it has a peculiar influence not felt
elsewhere, and coupled with patience, the
two elements make a first essential, which,
if lacking, wUI alone cause failure. With-
out patience, as we all know, the handling
of bees is dangerous, and where morality
does not exist,patience is apt to be lacking.

Add to these two characteristics, industry
and perseverance, cast them in one mold,
and you will produce a being who will
make bee-keeping a success.

An organization made up of such men
can accomplish a wonderful amount of
good, not only to their cause, but the peo-
ple at large. Of such men, I take it, this
body is composed, and success is certain if
we will grasp it. But to make it a success
every member must bring into display the
qualities I have named, enter into hearty
co-operation with his fellows, cultivate a
brotherly feeling toward one another, stand
united, and work for the interest of each
other. In this way we can develop an
association which will not only accomplish
great good, but in which the social and
instructive features are worth many times
more than the effort has cost us.

Moved by Morton and Robinson to
suspend the rules and take up a pro-
posed araeudment to the Constitution.
Carried.

G. P. Morton oft'ered an amendment
to the Constitution, viz. : To amend
Article VI. so that the Convention can
be held annuall}-. instead of semi-
annually, and three days, instead of
two days. The amendment was lost.

The election of officers was next in
order, and resulted as follows : Presi-
dent. R. B. Leahy ; Vice-Presidents, G.
P. Morton for Central Missouri, J. S.
Atkins for Noi'thwest. John Nebel for
Northeast, E. R. Garrett for South-
west, and J. W. Clark for Southeast
Missouri. Secretary. J. W. Rouse ;
Treasurer, R. Gaines Robertson.

It was moved that a question-box be
estaldisliecl on the same basis as the
Marshall Convention. Carried.

nrmm rn'mmmi^mn mmm j&umMmi^,

839

t^m^^i^^^'"-^^'^^^^^^^^^-

it was moved that the members be
giveu the privilege to ili.si'iiss the ques-
tions in the box. Carried.

The President appointed Messrs.
Nebel, Baldwin and Atkins as comiait-
tee on the qnostion-bo.\.

It was moved to use question in box
as a programme. Carrietl.

The prepare<l programme was tal^en
up as the regular order.

"Should bee-keepers encourage the
patenting of bee-tixtures ?" It was
opened by J. W. Rouse as follows ;

Brother Bce-Ker.pers ;— I hope I am only
expected to open this subject for discu.ssion.

It is onr opinion that bee-keepers should
not encourage the patenting of bee fixtures.
While we will admit that there are many
lixtures used that bee-keepers could not
afford to do without, even should they cost
double their present price (as a patented
article always costs more, if not double,
than it would if not patented), still we
must enter a protest on patented fixtures,
and will give reasons for our opinions.

In the first place, if all bee-fixtures were
patented that are now used, there would
be a great many less bee-keepers on account
of the increased cost of fixtures.

It may be possible that some would not
count this a great calamity, but if this idea
should be carried out in all the productions
of the land, we think it would be a very
great calamity.

Again, there is scarcely any fixture of
any kind now used that is the invention of
any one jierson, but what is a combination
of two and sometimes of many more per-
sons' invention.

While there are now some patented
fixtures, the royalty on them prevents their
general use more than fixtures not patented.

Besides these reasons a great many more
might be given against the patenting of
fixtures ; but we believe these are sufficient
to open the subject for discussion, but will
further add that in all our intercourse and
experience with bee-keepers, we have
always found them of a very liberal mind,
and communicative of bee-knowledge.

We remember when we first started in
the business of visiting a noted bee-keeper,
now a member of this Association, and
while be found us very inquisitive, he an-
swered all of our questions, and gave us a
great deal of valuable information besides,
and iu addition to all that lodged us while
there free of cost to us, and treated us to
the first honey we had had for quite a
while.

We have ever endeavored to carry out
this same liberal spirit since then, except
on one occasion, and that was when a
patent-right man lodged with us we charged
him for it, but have since repented of our
actions, as we learned he was a victim of
another patent-right man, and if he should
ever have occasion to visit us again, we
hope to treat him more lilierally.

We do not wish to be understood that
patent-right men are not liberal minded,
because we have some grand men in our
ranks that have patents. But our inter-
course with each other, and our conven-
tions and bee-literature, all seem to us to
lie in a different rather than the patenting
spirit.

J. Nebel — I never believe in patents,
and especially on bee-fixtures. They
are generally impractical. Some fix-
tures we could not do without even if
patented. I have some patented hives,
but do not want them for Italians.

are not ])ractical, and I am opposed to
patent fixtures.

G. P. Morton — While I feel more or
less of an inventive turn, and favor
patent rights, believing that pat(uits
have been a great incentive to im-
provement, I am opposed to patent-
ing bee-fixtures iu general. It would
raise the price of fixtui'es, if loaded
with a patent, necessitate the sale of a
territory, and thus limit the inventor
himself as to territory. A small article,
such as a smoker, will do well enough
when patented ; but, as a general rule,
a patented article in bee-fixtures nearly
always goes into obscurity.

Heddon's hive is loaded with a
patent, making it very expensive, and
beyond the reach of most bee-keepers.
A patent concern cannot be changed
without renewing or vitiating the
patent.

J. W. Rouse — I do not know that I
entirely oppose the patenting of some
articles. Patents would keep ns fi'om
manufacturing many articles.

J. M. Haley — An inventor ought to
have compensation for his invention,
and bee-keepei-s ought to be willing to
pay something for using them.

Mr. Pew — I never saw a patented
hive of any account.

R. B. Leahy — It may look strange to
look at these ideas from a business
standpoint. When I first started I
used the Simplicity hive. I make a
hive of my own. and there may be
something about it which I might
patent, but when the idea occurs, it is
accompanied with another thought, and
there the idea stops.

H. O. Calhoun — We ought not to en
courage patent bee-fixtures unless of
marked merit, and sold cheap.

G. P. Morton was called upon to
condense the discussion.

Mr. Morton — So far as the discussion
extended, it was in opposition to the
patenting of bee-fixtures in a general
way. A few fixtures, when made
cheap, might be patented.

EVENING SESSION.

■Which is the most profitable to
produce under the present market
prices, comb or extracted honey ?"

Mr. Larch — It depends on location.
In many localities we sell little ex-
tracted-honey, and comb-honey sells
readily, and vice versa.

Mr. Nebel — Every year is not alike.
When honey is scarce, extracted-honey
sells readily. When we have a good
year farmers sell too cheap — ten cents
in trade. In that condition of the
market practical bee-keepers lose. It
depends also on locality. I run both
ways, and can produce twice as much
extracted as comb honey, consequently

They may do for blacks. Most patents ' the extracted pays me best.

K. B. Leahy — -I want to bi'ing out a
few points that should not be over-
looked in this discussion. There is a
good deal in what a man is adapted
to. I never did like to handle comb-
honey. We must have nice, white,
clean sections for comb-honey. In a
poor season many are only partially
filled ; no bee-bread must be in them ;
they are expensive to ship ; the sec-
tions and starters add to the expense.
Witli extracted honey it is different.
Less care is re(iuired. less trouble.
less expense in shipping, and the combs
can be used again.

Mr. Morton — I arranged 6 colonies
for the extractor ; 5 of them produced
100 pounds of honey in 30 da3.s. From
16 colonies I got 900 pounds of honey,
of which 55 pounds was extracted. I
can sell twice as much extracted as
comb honey.

Mr. Pew — I think there is more
money in producing extracted-honey in
my localitj'. I can sell teu pounds of
extracted to one of comb-honey, and
the extracted is easier to produce.

Mr. Atkins — We turn all our atten-
tion to oomb-houey, and where I sell
one pound of extracted I dispose of
500 pounds of comb-honey.

Mr. Calhoun was called upou to
condense the discussion.

Mr. Calhoun — As I understand i it
the sense of the Convention wouldjbe
that the production of extracted-honey
is the most profitable.

"What are the relative merits of the
races of bees amongst us ?"

With this question the following was
also submitted: "Will the Italian
bees be diminished in their good quali-
ties by crossing with the German or
any other race of bees ?"

Mr. Baldwin — I know nothing of
any bees but Italians. They suit me.
It takes careful work to keep my Ital-
ians' blood up. A lower kind of the
same species will degenerate a higher.
A race above the Italians would lift
them up.

Mr. Haley — Where the Italian bees
degenerate, do not the lower races
gain some ?

Mr. Baldwin — The progeny from an
Italian queen crossed with a black
drone is better than that of a black
queeu crossed with an Italian drone.

The further discussion of the ques-
tion was laid over to the second day.

Mr. Rosser — How long will a comb
be good for brood-comb in a hive ?

Mr. Nebel — I have some 18 years
old.

Mr. Larch — I have combs used for
20 years.

Mr. Atkins — I have combs that have
been used 15 years.

• • What is the best method to stop
robbing ?"

840

TMm mmimmiGmm mmM j&wMmmi^.

Mr. ISIorton — I have had but one
experience. I put the hive containiug
the robbing colony on the stand of the
I'obbed. and vice veisa.

Mr. Rosser — The best thing I have
tried was to put a sheet over the hive
being robbed.

Adjourned till 9 a.m. on Thursday.

THURSDAY MORNING.
The Convention was called to order
at 9 o'clock.

It was moved that the Convention
take up the (luestions iu the box for
discussion. Carried.

"Do tlowers furnish the same
amount of nectar every year ?"' The
committee saj"s •' No."

'■What is the future outlook for the
bee-keepers of Missouri ?" Committee
says, "Not very flattering."

Mr. Rosser — I think the prospects
are good from the start clover has
now.

Mr. Atkins — Iu my county the clover
prospect is tine.

Mr. Morton — I think the prospect
for the future as good as the past.

Mr. Baldwin — ^It is well to look to
the future with hope, but facts arc
stubborn things. Tlie future prospects
lie more in the bee-keepers' manage-
ment than in anything else.

"Should we use queen-excluding
honey-boards under all circumstances'
in the production of extracted-honej'?'
Mr. Baldwin — Yes.
Mr. Nebel — It is not necessary under
all circumstances.

Mr. Pew — I would not do without
them.

Mr. Morton — I tind them work to
my satisfaction, and approve of them.

Mr. Collier — I would use wood if I
could not get zinc ; it pays.

"How shall we elevate the moral
standard and social taste of our It.alian
queens above associating with black
drones ?"

"Is a sectional brood-chamber a
beneficial adjunct to a hive ?" No.
Mr. Morton — It is patented.
" What treatment for laying work-
ers?" The committee says, "Intro-
duce a fertile queen.

A Member — Will the laying worker
kill the queen ?

Committee — Not if the queen is in-
troduced right.

The question of the location of the
next meeting was taken up. Jefferson
City, Boouville, St. Louis and Macon
City were named. A ballot being cast
resulted in the selection of Boonville,
and the time for holding the Conven-
tion was, on motion, set between April
1 and 10.

Moved, that the President appoint a
committee of three on resolutions to
report at 5 o'clock. Carried. The
President appointed Messrs. Nebel,
Rouse and Morton.

AFTERNOON SESSION.

The Convention was called to order
at 1:30. The question as to the rela-
tive merits of races of bees was taken
up for further discussion.

Mr. Collier — I have had 11 years'
experience with Italians ; have had
bees considerably mixed up ; have
watched them and their proceeds. The
Italians are the best defenders of their
homes ; they are gentler to handle. On
close examination I cannotsee that the
blacks dress lioney any nicer.

Mr. Pew — I have had experience
with four races : the Holy Lands do
not suit me, and I got all I want of
the Carniolans in one season. I now
try to keep my Italians as pure as
possible.

Mr. Nebel — I have tried different
races, and want only Italians now.

Mr. Baldwin condensed the discus-
sion— As I understand the discussion,
the Italians are preferable in Missouri;
the blacks have some points above, but
the weight of the argument is iu favor
of the Italians.

"What importance is there attached
to the brace-comb annoyance in the
manipulation of hives?" It depends
on the amount of them.

" What does the bee coming from
the field laden with honey do with it
on entering the hive?" Store it in
combs, of course.

Mr. Robinson— I think that Mr.
Doolittle says they deliver it to the
nurse-bees, and they store it in the
com lis.

"How to dispose of a surplus of
pollen in extracting combs ?"

Mr. Pew — If I should tind any I
would put it down in the brood-cham-
ber.

" Is it practical to re-queen colonies
after swarming ?

Mr. Robinson — Sometimes it is nec-
essary. If you remove all the queen-
cells but one, and it fails to hatch, it
is necessary to re-queen.

•Have you had any trouble in get-
ting queens fertilized in old colonies
this year?" No.

"Do young queens always go out to
be fertilized ? Yes.

The committee on resolutions re-
ported as follows :

Resolved, That we extend the thanks of
the Association to the people of Mexico for
their interest iu our Association, and for
courtesies extended to us.

Resolved, That we extend thanks to the
proprietors of the Riugo House for their
offer of the free use of their parlors for the
Convention.

Resolved, That we extend thanks to the
officers of the county, and especially to the
sheriff, for the use of his room in the Court
House for the Association.

Resolved, That we extend thanks to the
newspapers for printing notice of meeting,
and also publishing proceedings from time
to time.

The resolutions were adopted and
ordered spread on the minutes.

The following statistics were handed
to the secretary :

Colouies.

Members. Spring. Fall. Comb. Ex. Wa.x.

T. A.Pew eo 57 iiei 1,03.5,

L. C. Cbeatham .... 40 70 94.5

John Nebel & Son.. 2i)S 36.') 100

H.B.Leahy Si 33 3.i

Byrou liams 63 70

E.C.L. Larch 168 168

G, P. Morton 10 23

R.Gaiues Robertson 31 37

William Davis 73 97

J.S.Atkins 76 108

J. W. House 54 54

.J. R. Rhodes 3,5 40

M. B. HcibinsoD .... 63 92

P.P.Collier 65 85

W. E. Thompson ... 31 30

A.M. Creel «0 75

,T. N. Rosser 18 28

L.W.Baldwin&Sons .5,511 9iX)

P. Baldwin IU 165

E.H.Garrett 45 SO

H.Martin .53 .53

500
350
425
100

2,000
.500
.50(1
4M0
300
600

1,500

500

30,000

6,.50l}
.500
400

8

100

35

30

1,000

300
3,300
11,500

5.50

315

500 20

500 20

.500 35
1.200 30
4,000 75

800 47

10

500.
3,600.

Moved, that 200 copies of the min-
utes be printed. Carried.
Adjourned sine die.

J. W. Rouse. Sec.

BROOD-CHAMBERS.

Tlic Best Size for Coinb-Honcy.

Written Sor theAmei-lcan Bee Journal
BY BR. G. L. TINKER.

After many years of experiment and
observation Fathers Langstroth and
Quiuby each arrived at the conclusion
that the brood-chamber for a colony of
bees should contain li.OOO cubic inches
of space to give the best results, and
as they produced mostlj- comb-honey
in their time, it would seem, if thej'
were correct in their conclusions, that
the brood-chamber they used would
still be the best size for comb-honey ;
and I believe that the nearly 40 years
of experience by thousands of other
bee-keepers has confirmed their con-
clusions in i-egard to the hive, and the
system of management they had
adopted.

The que.stion now arises. Whether,
during the past 40 years, there have
been improvements made in hives or
in tlie system of management pursued
that might, in any considerable de-
gree, modify the well-established con-
clusions of two of the ablest bee-keep-
ers America has produced ? The
writer claims such improvements have
been made, and believes that there are
very few who think to the contrary ;
yet we find to-day the vast majority
of bee-keepers in this country using
essentially the old hive, and the old
system of the Fathei's in apiculture,
which is a grand testimonial to their
worth iu this age of rapidly advanc-
ing ideas !

The first decided improvement in
hives affectiug those conclusions was

TUm JRMERlCJtlH BE® JOUKlHaiLr.

841

tlio invention of tlu; donblcvwallcd or
cluiff-liive, vvliicli was dcsij^ncd to win-
ter bees more safely. The original
pnrpose in making donble-walled Idves
was aeliieved.and along witli it another
result that does not seem to have been
anticipated. This result was the ftict
that larger colonies could be developed
earlier in the Spring in these double-
walled hives, tliroiigh the incidental
protection giveii, than could be de-
veloped in the old-time single-walled
hives. The fact was made clear that
protection to the brood, by providing
a warmer hive, resulted in more ex-
tensive brood-rearing, and at last it
became apparent that the average
queeu, through the protection given,
was able to till more than 10 standard
Laugstrotli frames, with brood oecui)y-
iug !^,000 cubic inches of space.

The inference followed that with
favorable conditions the 10-frame
Langstroth hive was too small for
breeding up of a full colony in the
•Spring ! Since, as a matter of fact,
the average queen is capable of filling
13 standard Langstroth frames with
brood in the protected hives, when
■only S frames, not whoUy full of brood
in the 10-frame, single-walled Lang-
stroth hive, is possible before the first
of June in all Northern localities.
Now a dift'erence of five frames of
_brood in everv colony at the beginning
of the white-clover bloom is quite an
item in the way of getting a crop of
honey. But such is the result of
proper protection to a colonj- of bees
well provided with stores in the
Spring, and hence there is no mistak-
ing the fact that 2.000 cubic inches of
breeding room in a double-walled hive
is insufficient for the best results.

Another improvement in hives re-
<juiring a modified brood-chamber is
the invention of the ipieen-excluder.
When used in working for comb-honey
it affords advantages, and efi'ects re-
sults superior to every other known
system of management, with a brood-
chamber of the proper size. In this
fact we have abundant and ample evi-
dence to warrant this assertion, so we
have another reason for modifying the
old style of brood-chambers.

In connection with the queen-e.v-
cluder we have an improved manage-
ment known as •' the contraction sys-
tem." It has the sanction of nearly
all of our ablest bee-keepers, and in
all white-clover districts yon can hardly
find an old and expert bee-keeper who
will not saj- that he cannot succeed in
producing comb-honey without con-
traction of the brood-nest. It may be
and is carried out on nearly all kinds
of frame-hives by means of division-
boards, etc.. that, though very trouble-
.some and taking much time, is yet
practicable. Birt with a brood-cham-

ber of the proper .size, all the contrac-
tion that is advantageous or ever nec-
essary is ihme by means of the queon-
excluder. No division-boards or other
troublesome clap-trai) being necessary.
So tliat here again we have an urgent
need for a moditied brood-chandjer.

The position of several well-known
writi'rs on the question of large vs.
small hives is well known to the read-
ers of the Bee Jouunai- ; but the cir-
cumstances atiecting these difiering
conclusions of our modern apiarists
have not been made as (dear as they
might be. In certain localities there
is almost a continual fiow of nectar,
from the opening to the close of the
season. All experience seems to
prove that in snt-li localities no con-
traction is necessary, and that a large
brood-chamber is of the greatest
utility. On the contrary, in most
localities (sayO!) out of 100) where the
season for surplus closes with the
white clover or basswood bloom, a
large brood-chamber is only required
to bi-eed up a suflicient force of work-
ers, after which, and during the bal-
ance of the season, a contracted brood-
chamber gives the best results.

In these localities of limited honey-
How it has been the practice with most
bee-keepers to hive all swarms in large
brood-chambers, like the 8 or 10 frame
Langstroth and Simplicity hives.
Thousands of such hives wei-e sold the
past season, and the larger number
will be used to hive swarms without
contraction, and the result will be the
same as it always has been in working
for comb-hone\' — with these old style
of hives — a great loss of surplus, and
no surplus worth mentioning except
on the verj' early swarms. The colony
casting the swarm, and also the swarm
making no surplus except the season is
an unusually favorable one. There is
simply the increase and the demand,
^•ear after year, for more hives of the
same worthless pattern that has
blasted the hopes of bee-keepers all
over this countr}-, until it is no wonder
that the vast majority consider bee-
keeping a small business with no
money in it. It will be understood
that these remarks apply only to the
production of comb-honey. No one
questions the value of the Langstroth
and Simplicit}' hives in the production
of cxtracted-honey.

Now. I should not care to write in
this way without a remedy in sight,
but all of these difficulties in the way
of hives and hive management may be
overcome by the use of the queen-ex-
cluder and a brood-chamber of the
right capacity ; and the right capacit}-
for a brood-chamber is one made just
one-half the size of that required for
the most successful Spring breeding,
which has a capacity of 1. GOO square

inches of brood-comb instcail of only
1,350 as in the 10-frame Langstroth,
and al)out 1,050 in the common 8-
frame hive.

Now it so happens that the above
small brood-cliamber is the best size
in whicli to hive all swarms in working
for comb-honey ; and again, a two-
story hive of such brood-chambers is
far safer for out-door wintering in
double-walled hives than any of the
old style of hives, and with the return
of Spring it is in the best possible
shape for Spring breeding, the matter
of spreading brood-combs to facilitate
breeding being entirely superfiuous.
The brood-chamber recommended is a
shallow one, made 7'^ inches deep to
carry a 7-inch brood-frame, and the
capacity should be for 830 square
inches of brood-comb. Two of these
stories make a hive of almost the ex-
act capacity of Dadant's large hive
that is now so popular in all localities
where a continuous honey-flow during
the season is the rule. The manage-
ment of storifying hives for extraordi-
nary results in comb-honej- production
is given in many new books, and will
be further considered in forthcoming
articles.

New Philadelphia, O.

AMUSING.

]nr$. IBrieklo|t^!i Firsit Experience
IV i 111 Bec!i.

I had an improved back-yard. I
went through a seed store, and bought
a sample of everything that would
grow in this climate. The result was
a perfect tangle of flowers and things,
from an overgrown sunflower to a for-
get-me-not. Mrs. Bricl<top is very
proud of our garden, and while gush-
ing over it the other morning a happy
thought worked its waj' imder her
black hair.

"What a very delightful thing it
would be to have a hive of bees and
raise our own honey, as well as every-
thing else." I have always thought
that woman inspired ever since she con-
vinced me that I couldn't do better
than to marry her. This was an orig-
inal, bold idea-a happy thought. I
promised her a hive of bees, and
went to business with a lighter heart
and firmer' belief in the genuineness
of home comforts and amusements. I
bought a hive of honev-bees. and
brought it home with me that very
night. It was one of those patent
hydrostatic, back-action hives, iu which
the bees have peculiar accommodations
and all the modern improvements. It
was a nice little hive — none of j-our
old-fashioned barn-size affairs. It even
had windows in it. so that the bees

842

T'ww mmLmmicmm mmw jmwmmmL,.

loulil look out and see what was going
on. and enjoy themselves.

Both myself and Mrs. B. were
delighted, and before dark I arranged
a stand for the hive in the garden, and
opened the baj' windows so that the
Ijees could take an early start, and get
to business bj' sunrise the next morn-
ing. Mrs. B. called me ■honey" several
times during the evening and such
sweet dreams as we had.

We intended to be up early next
morning to see how our littles birds
took to our flowers, but a good half
hour before we probabh' should have
done so, we were awakened by the
unearthly yells of a cat. Mrs. B. leaped
from her downy couch, exclaiming,
•What can be the matter with our yel-
low -Billy"" The yells of anguish
convinced us that something more than
ordinary was the matter with him; and
so we hurried into our toilets. We
rushed out into our Ijack-^ard, and oh!
what a sight met our astonished gaze!
The sight consisted of a yellow cat
that appeared to be doing its best
to make a pin-wheel of itself. He was
rolling over and over in the grass,
bounding up and down, anon darting
through the bushes and foliage, stand-
ing on his head and then trying to
drive his tail into the ground, all the
while keeping up the most confounded
yowling that was ever heard. -The eat
is mad!" said Mrs. B. aflrighted. ■Why
shouldn't he be? the bees are stinging
him. " said I comprehending the
trouble.

Mrs. B. flew to the rescue of her
cat, and the cat flew at her. So did
the bees. One of them drove his drill
into her nose, another vaccinated her
on the chin, while another began to
lay out his work near her eye. Then
she howled and began to act nearly
as bad as the cat. It was (iiiite an ani-
mated scene. She cried "Murder!" and
the neighbors looked out from the back
windows and cried for the police, and
asked where the lire was. This being
a trifle too much, I threw a towel over
my head and rushed to her rescue.
In doing so. I ran over and knocked
her down, trod upon the cat, and
made matters no better,

Mrs. B. is no child on a wrestle and
she soon had me under her, and was
tenderly stamping down the garden
walk with my head, using my ears
for handles. Then I yelled and some
of the bees came to her assistance, and
stung me all over the face. In the
meantime the neighbors were shout-
ing ; and getting awfully excited over
the show ; while our servant, supposing
us fighting, opened the basement door
and admitted a policeman, who at once
proceeded to go between man and
wife. The bees hadn't got at Mrs. B.'s
tongue yet and she proceeded to show

the policeman that I had abused her
in the most shameful manner, and
that I had bought a hive of bees on
purpose to tormemt her into the grave.
I tried to explain, but just then a
bee stung the officer on the nose, and
he understood it all in less than a
minute. He got mad, and actually
lost his temper. He rubbed his uose,
and did some official cursing. But as
this did not help matters at all, he
drew his club, and proceeded to de-
molish that patent bee-hive. The bees
failed to recognize his badge of office,
and just swarmed on him. They stung
him wherever he had no clothing, and
some places where he did have it.
Then he howled, and commenced act-
ing after the manner of the cat and its
mistress. He rolled on the ground for
a moment, and then got up and made
for the street shouting, ■■Fire!"

Then the bees turned to the people
who had climbed upon the fence to see
the fun. Windows went down, and
some of the neighbors acted as though
they thought a 20-inch shell was about
to explode. By this time a tire-engine
had arrived, and a line of hose was
taken through the house into the back-
yard. One of the hosemen asked
where the tire was. but just then one
of the bees bit him behind the ear, and
he knew. They turne<l a stream upon
that half-wrecked bee-hive, and be-
gan to ■pl'ayaway" with one hand,
and tight bees with the other. But the
water had the desired eftect, and those
bees were soon among the things that
were.

A terrible crowd had gathered in the
meantime iu front of the house, but a
large portion of it followed the flying
policeman, who was rubbing his
affected parts, and making for the
station-house and a surgeon.

This little adventure somehow damp-
ened our enthusiastu on bee-culture.
During the next week we wore milk-
and-water poultices pretty ardently,
but not a word was said about honey ;
and now Mrs. B. has gone to st.ay a
week with her mother, leaving me and
the convalescent Tom-cat, and the
tickled neighbors, to enjoy our own
felicity. — San Fraticiseo Paper.

CALIFORNIA.

Alfalfa for Honey in llie Sacra-
mento Valley.

Written for the Pacific Rural Press

BY S. L. WATKINS.

On a recent trip to Sacramento and
Yolo county, I visited Mr Adam Warner
of Clarksburg, Yolo county, an exten-
sive apiarist who keeps bees in both
counties. I found Mr. Warner at home.
He had just finished taking ofi" about a

ton of honey, mostly in one-pound
sections. The honey was as flue, both
in color and flavor, as any I have seen
this season.

■ ■ What kind of a crop did you have
this year, Mr. Warner ? " I asked.

■■Not very large," he answered;
■■ a little over a ton. You see the high
water kept things back so much last
Spring, that the bees did not have a
chance to do much."

■That is very fine honey," I re-
marked. ■' By the look of it I should
think that it was gathered from alfalfa."

'■ No doubt part of it was ; but the
honey this year I don't think is as good
as that I had last year. I have noticed,
though, that the honey, raised the last
few years, is a great deal better than
that obtained when Mr. Harbison kept
bees here."

■'That is, no doubt, owing to the
wild growth being cleared out and
replaced with alfalfa, fruit bloom, etc.,"
I answered. "About how many colo-
nies have you, Mr. Warner ? "

'■I generall}' keep between 25(1 and
300 in six difterent apiaries. I give
the ranchers $20 a year for the privi-
lege of keeping bees on their places.
How many colonies do you think can
be safely kept in one apiary, taking it
season for season ? "

■•Well, that is hard to tell," I an-
swered. "I have heard of keeping
between five and six hundred in one
apiary, but that is in the lower coun-
ties, where there is excellent bee pas-
turage, and where bees gather from
three to five hundred pounds to the
colony. In your location I think you
could safely keep 10(1 colonies without
overstocking. A great deal depends
on the season. Some seasons there is
abundant pasturage for. 1000 colonies
in one location ; and again 25 will
overstock it, in unfavorable seasons.
I once kept 130 colonies in one apiary
in El Dorado county, and they did first
rate."

■•Yes, I am sure I could profitably
keep 100 colonies in one location with-
out overstocking ; in fact, I am going
to try it next season. In the future, I
intend to devote all my time to bee-
keeping. I have sold all ray stock and
intend to rent my ranch, so that I can
spend all my time with the bees."

" Have you ever tried the Carniolan
bees ? " I asked.

•■No; these I have are hybrids and
Italians, aud they are splendid bees
for honey gathering. 1 have heard
about the Carniolans being very gentle.
A bee-keeper told me that thej" did
not sting at all."

•' Oh. yes. they will sting as well as
any other kind of bees." but with
proper handling you can look through
a good-sized apiary without getting
stung. Carniolan bees cap their honey

THi© MimmMicmM mM.m jo^u'Rin^ti,.

843

very white and use little or no propolis,
so that it is a pleasure to liaiulle frames
and sections ; they gather as much
honey as any race of bees, and are
excellent defenders of their hives
against robber bees. Do you have
any trouble b}' bees robbing here in
j'our apiaries ?"

' ■ No, bees don't rob here ; at least
none of mine ever have. I have heard
that some bee-keepers have great
ti'ouble by robbing."

" It is only in certain localities that
bees rob each other very badly. I ob-
served. •• As long as there is sufficient
pasturage for them to work on, there
will be no trouble. In Placerville we
sometimes liave considerable trouble
with robber bees, but liigher, in the
mountains, bees rarely if ever rob. I
see your hives are the Harbison style.
Do you practice artificial swarming, or
do you allow your bees to swarm
naturally ? "

"No; I divide .all my colonies of
bees. I divide them once, and then
try to keep down all natural swarming
afterward. There is considerable in
knowing the right time to divide. I
wait until the hive is overflowing with
brood and bees and then divide. Some
bee-keepers divide too early in the
Spring, which I think puts them back
too much and takes them too long to
get started again. I want all my colo-
nies strong — every one of them."

■But don't your bees still persist in
swarming after being divided?" I
asked.

"No; "after being divided once, I
give tliem plenty of room, and they
generally settle down to business, and
very few of them ever svvarm. Run-
away swarms have a hard time in
seeking a suitable habitation in a
country like this, where there are so
few hollow trees ; they will go in old
buildings, barns, chimneys, almost in
any place where there is not much
noise ; sometimes they build out in the
tules. but are generally swept away by
the high water in the Winter-time."

Grizzly Flats, Calif.

CARNIOLAN BEES.

A Business ComparisiOii ^villi
■laliaii Bees.

Written fur Du; American Dee Journal

BY JOHN B. BLACK.

I otter the following in the contro-
versy on Carniolan bees :

Mr. Shuck, on page 633, says : "I
have consulted three volumes of Glean-
ings, and two volumes of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal for reports con-
cerning Carniolan bees, and I fail to
find any figures to show that any one

has ever eon)pared the results of tliesr
bees with the results obtained from
Italian or black bees in tlie same
apiary."

This is jnst what I have been iloing
this year. I had 4 colonics of Carnio-
lans in the Spring. No. 1 gave me 50
jjounds of surplus honey, and one
swarm. No. 2 yielded 40 pounds of
surplus and one swarm. No. 3 gave
50 pounds of surplus and two swaruLS.
No. 4 pi-odueed 12 pounds of surplus
and one swarm.

1 Iiad 10 full colonies (3 blacks. 12
of ordinary Italians, and 4 of my best
Italians). They stand on my Register
as follows : No. 5, 5 pounds of sur-
plus. No. fi, 20 pounds. No. 1 gave
one swarm. The bees in a five-cham-
ber hive, containing three queens,
gave 20 pounds. The rest gave
notliing.

My object is to satisfy myself an<l
those who keep but one kind of bees.
If my Italians fall behind next year, I
shall procure stock from another
breeder, and give them one more trial.
I have no advice to give, and no queens
to sell.

I procured a fine Benton queen ; two
from Pennsylvania : and six from Ken-
tucky ; but my best queens are of my
own rearing. I keep a minute record
of each colony, and I write this with
my Register before me. This has been
a poor season for honey, particularly
the early part of it ; but my bees in-
creased to 30 colonies, and I have
them all snugly stored in the cellar,
witli plenty of food to winter them
over. I use the Simplicity hive, and
produce only comb-hone}".
Pattonsburg. Mo.

HONEY EXHIBIT.

Preniiiiiiis at llie Illinois State
Fair.

Written for the American Dee Journal

BY MRS. L. HARRISON.

When I was a child, my parents
(who were very orthodox) taught me,
that the devil would get me if I told
lies. I have always been very much
afraid of that terrible monster, who
"goeth about like a roaring lion,
seeking whom he may devour," and
switching his tail.

With reference to the premiums ob-
tained upon the product of the bees at
the late Illinois State Fair, I said on
page 707, that --Iowa carried ofl' the
blue," which means in fair parlance,
that she won the first premium, on
both comb and extracted honey.

This exhibitor from Iowa (I do not
remember his name), had more hbnej'
there than all other e.xhibitors put to-

gether, and Mrs. Harrison was one of
them. When 1 first saw this Iowa
exhibit, I said to the owner: "You
will carry of! the blue." He said :
" Do you think so ? " " Certainly." I
said. " It is the largest and best.""

He had made crates of one-pound
sections, so many that lie could not
obtain space to exhibit them. His
extracted-honey was put up in eiite
little glass-pails, which were strung on
wire, in front of a large window, and
presented a very fine appearance. I
do not know liovv many gross he had
of them, but I do know that he could
not find room to exhibit them all. I
am in hopes that he found space enough
at the St. Louis Fair, where he took it
from here.

I have never seen a printed list of
those who obtained premiums, in the
apiarian department at the late Fair.
If I had thought it of enough import-
ance for the world at large to know, I
would have copied them from the
secretary's book.

I am "posted" thus far — Mrs. L.
Harrison had on exhibition one dozen
and a half of Mason jars, of one and
two quarts, filled with choice extracted-
honey, of the crop of 1880. and the
same honej' drew "the blue" at the
fair 1889. This year it was awarded a
short piece of red ribbon with Illinois
State Fair printed upon it. and three
dollars in money ; the money was the
best part of it.

Some bee-keepers complained that
they could not attend the sessions of
the North American Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation, at Keokuk. Iowa, because their
honey-crop was a failure ; but I went,
for I was awarded three dollars at the
Illinois State Fair.

I am glad that Aaron Coppiu also
drew three dollars (see page 828) so
will all bee-keepers be, aud it is quite
important that thej'shouUl know it. It
is something to be prouil of, that a
little bit of comb-honey drew the
second premium, because there was
none to eonie in competition with it.
Aaron should have also said in the-
American Bee .Iournal, that he was
awarded the blue, for being the best
grumbler at the Illinois State Fair.
Peoria, 111.

If you have a desire to kno-w

how to have Queens fertilized in upper
stories, while the old Queen is still laying
below — how you may safely i)Uroduce any
Queen, at an,j' time of tbe year when bees
can fly — all about the different races of
bees — all about shipping Queens, queen-
cages, candy for queen-cages, etc. — all
about forming nuclei, multiplying or unit-
ing bees, or weak colonies, etc. ; or, in fact
eveiything about the queen-business which
you may want to know, send for"Doolit-
tle's Scientific Queen-Rearing;" a book of
1 70 pages, which is nicely bound in cloth,
and is as interesting as a story. Price, $1.00.

844

TMm mmLmmiGMM mmm jO'1jmi«.s:i<.

CONVEKTIO!^ DIRECTORY.

Time and place of inecting.

1891.
-Jan. I, 2.— Michigan State, at Detroit. Mich.

U. D. Cuttinji. Sec, Clinton. Jlich.

-Jan. 16, 17.— Indiana '^tate. at Indianapolis, Ind.

Geo. C Tliompsou, See. Soutiiport, liid.

Mav 7,— Susquehanna County, at Montrose, Pa.

11. M. Seeley, Sec, Harlord, Pa.

■ In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting. — The Editor.

ITorth American Bee-Keepers' Association
President— P. H. EUvood. ..Starkville, N. Y.
SECRET-\nv— C. P, Dadaut Hamilton, Ills.

ITational Bee-Keepers' Union.

President— James Heddou ..Dowagiac, Mich.
Sec'y and Manager— T. G. Newman, Chicago.

eleven tons of candied honey, all in 60-
pound tins, which had to be liquefied and
run into small receptacles to suit the
English purchaser.'' I was referring at the
time to the unforeseen difliculties, and the
unthought-of expenses attending a large
honey exhibit. It is not likely we went to
England to set up a display of honey before
the eyes of the world, all of which was
done up in 60-pouud tins. It would be a
rather tame spectacle. R. McKnicut.

Owen Sound, Out., Dec. 8, 1890.

Accountetl For.

Joshua Bull's article on Nectar, on page
810, very definitely states the reasons for
the poor honey -flow during the season in
this locality (Allegany Co., N. Y.). I
secured but 600 pounds of white-clover
honey from my 22 colonies of black bees,
spring count, and no Fall honey. My bees
have increased to -10 colonies.

Chas. Taset.

Houghton, N. Y., Dec. 4, 1890.

siksme^mmM

&sim^

lusiirinj;' Bees.

On page 811 E. L. Plumb asks about
insuring bees. I have my bees, valued at
S5.00 per colony, insured in the Pha'uix of
Hartford, Conn., for two thirds their value
while in the cellar. My house and furni-
ture, bees and fixtures, are insured at
farm rates, si. 00 per hundred, or 1 per
cent, for 5 years. L. Eastwood.

Waterville, O., Dec. 9, 1890.

Under a Cloiitl.

Our favorite pursuit is under a cloud at
present, owing to the extreme drouth that
is prevalent throughout this section of
Illinois. Plant growth is brown and
seared, and springs dried up ; and unless
we are soon blessed with copious showers
or snows, wheat, clover, etc., will be dead,
making agricultural and honey production
among the uncertainties for another year.
J. M. Hamhai'iui.

Spring, Ills., Dec. 5, 1890.

IVo L.osses in fVinter.

I keep 80 colonies of bees for my own
amusement, aud they have done" fairly
well this season. They averaged about 25
pounds of honey to the colony. The honey
harvest was very short here last spring. I
am 72 years of age, but take great pleas-
ure with my bees, which I winter in a cel-
lar, and have had no losses.

D. E. Norton.

Independence, Mo., Dec. 8, 1890.

Bassvf ooil iu rVew Jersey.

Will some one please inform me if there
are any basswood, or native sugar-maple
woods in Northern New Jersey ?

Trenton, N. J. Joseph Eoiiret.

NortliMestern Pennsylvania.

The hone}' crop in Northwestern Penn-
sylvania is a complete failure ; so much so
that it is doubtful it half of the colonies
will winter excepting those which have
Vieen fed. White clover never blossomed
more profusely than during the past sea-
son, but for some reason — the weather per-
hajjs — there was no honey iu the blossoms,
and the bees just skipped the white clover.
Basswood has not yielded any honey in
this vicinity for three years.

Cteokge Spitler.

Mosiertown. Pa., Dec. 8, 1890.

The Pacific Coast.

Allow me to say to Mr. C. Theilmann, in
regard to his advice, not "to listen to
boomers," that Washington does not need
any booming, for its climate, the health of
the people, and its wealth-producing facili-
ties all speak for themselves, and although
not a bee country as yet (it being compara-
tively new), the prospects for bee-culture
are equally as good, if not better, as those
of Minnesota and many of the older States.
John Boehstleu.

Vashon, Wash., Dec. 4, 1890.

Candied Honey.

In the report (page 758) of the Interna
tional meeting I am made to say, "We
exhibited eleven tons of honey at the
Colonial E.xhibition," and the inference is
that this constituted our entire exhibit.
The same statement is repeated in the
Official Report just imblished. 1 would
have taken no notice of this, had I not
been taken to task some time ago as to the
quantity actually shown by us on that
occ£ision as stated by me. What I did say
at the International was, "That we had

A Favoraltic Outlook.

The few warm days of last month found
my bees on the wing, and everything indi-
cates successful wiuteriug. The bees are
in chaff hives, and are still on the Summer
stands. J. M. YouNG.

Plattsmouth, Nebr., Dee. 6, 1890.

Honey Tank.

I wish some one wonld describe a good
honey tank, or a receptacle that can be
used as such ; I use a barrel, but in spite
of all the tightening of hoops and waxing,
it will leak. Axhert Vought.

lUaware, La., Dec. 2, 1890.

Japan 4'lover.

In reference to Japan clover, page 809, I
will say to D. E Barker that I have spent
tliree Springs in Tennessee, near Memphis,
where there was Japan aud white clover,
and I never saw a bee on the former, while
they were plentiful on the latter, and
though there were large fields of both, I
never was able to find any white-clover
honey that was stored in May (that is the
white clover month there). On June 10,
1889, 1 left my bees. Before going I took
out all of the surplus, and divided the un-
finished sections among those that I thought
would need it, and on returning, the last of
March, 1890, I found 1 section of clover
honey, and 3 others that had some in them,
which, I think, was gathered from the sec-
ond crop of red clover, as the white was all
dead when I left, and the bees that gath-
ered it were hybrids. I did not find any in
the hives of the blacks. This is the opinion
of T. M. Edwards, a dose observer, and a
man of large experience in apiculture in
this country. Tiios. C. St.^nley.

Boy leston, Ills., Dec. 8, 1890.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

CHICAGO, Nov. 26.— There is not the vol-
ume of trade usual at this season, yet prices
are without matei'ial chang^e since last quota-
tions. Best lots of white honey in 1-pound
sectious, briugs ITwlSc; brown and dark,
slow, at uncertain prices. E.vtracted, 7@8c
per pound. Our stock is light, as to quantity,
but is kept well up to demand by daily re-
ceipts. Beeswax, 27@'28c.

R. A. BUKNETT. 161 S. Water St.

DENVER, COLO., Nov. 28.— First grade 1-lb.
sections, 16(5;18c. Supply e.xceeds the demand
at present. Beeswax, 25@28c.

J. M. CLARK COM. CO., 15X7 Blake St.

DETROIT, Dec. 13.— Comb noney In good
demand at 15(ai7c per lb. Extracted, 7@9c.
Beeswax, 27@28c.

M H. HUNT. Bell Branch. Mich.

NEW YORK, Dec. 6.— We quote: Fancy 1-
Ibs., white, 16@17o.; 2-lbs., white. i:}@14c.
Otf grades, 1-lbs., 1.3(ai4c.: 2-lbs.. 12 cents.
Buckwheat, 1-lbs., 12®13c.; 2-lbs., 11 cents.
Extracted, white clover aud basswood, 8i/4@9c
buckwheat, 6i4@7c.; California. C34@7!4c.;
Southern, 65@70c i>er gallon. Market has
been inactive for weeks. Beeswax, 2,5((j>26c.
HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
28-30 West Broadway.

KANSAS CITY, MO., Dec. 13.— Comb and
extracted honey is not selling as fast as we
wotild like to see it. Market is quiet. We
quote 1-lb. white corub at ie<5)18c; 1-lb. dark,
12@14c; 2-lb. white. 14@15c; 2-lb. dark, 12®
13c; extracted, 6®7c. Beeswax, 2.")C.
CLBMONS, M.ISON & CO.,

Cor. 4th and Walnut StB.

CINCINNATI, Nov. 12.— There is a good de-
mand for all kinds of honey. Arrivals are
fair of all but comb honey and Southern ex-
tracted. Small lots only of each are arriving,
and arc sold immediately. California honey
sccnis to be as highl.v appreciated in our
inurlict as the best clover honey. We quote
choice comb honey nominal at 10®18c per lb.
Extracted honey at .">'-i®Sc per lb.

Beeswax is in good demand at 24(r526c., for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH i: SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

CHICAGO, Dec. 12. — New honey arriving
very slowly, demaud active, and all receipts
arc 'taken promptly. We quote: White clover
1-lhs.. 16(n:il8c.: 2-Ibs.. 14@1.5c.; dark 1-lbs.,
ll(S;12c; 2-lbs., 9®inc. Extracted meets with
ijuic'k sale, values ranging from 6'/j@7V4 cts.,
depending- upon quality and style of package.
Beeswax, 28®30c.

S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.

BOSTON, Nov. 28.— We quote fancy white
1-pounrt combs, 10@20c; fair to good, 18@19c.
No 2-11). comtis in the market. E.xtracted, 7®
9c. No licpswax on hand.

BLAKE & RIPLEY^, 57 Chatham Street.

ALT..\NY. N. Y'., Dec. 6, 1800.— The honey
market is cpiiet, but stock is light aud prices
well sustaiued. We are selling white at 16®
l20c: mixed, 14@15c: buckwheat, 13@14c.
Extracted, white, .sii@10c: amber, 7®8e;
dark. GiT'iOi.^c. Beeswax, 28@30c.

H." R. WRIGHT, 326-328 Broadway.

TM® mmMMiGmn wmm jovmnn.!..

845

BUSINESS MANAGER.

txxxxxxxTi.xxxzxixTxmxmxxTXTmi

Catarrh, Catarrhal Ueafuess, Hay-
Fever— A new home treatment whereby the
worst cases of these hitherto incurable dis-
eases are permanently cured by a few
simple applications made once in two
weeks by the patient at home. A circular
describing the new treatment is sent to
any applicant free on receipt of stamp to
pay postage by A. H. Dixon & Son, sole
proprietors,345 West KingStreet.Torouto,
Canada. 49A 13Mtf

Xliosie Wlio Have any honey to
dispose of should use the Honey Almanac
as a salesman. We have a few left for this
year, and offer them at one=third price.

See page 84:7 of this paper.

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES I

WE are picpiin-ii m fiirrjihli tu liee-KoeperB
all kinds of Supplies proinplly, and at
lowest rates. Corrpapon<icnc<: solicited and
CBtimalcs siliullv tuniishefi. Our jroods are all
made (if tlic lu'^t luaicrial and ui-c kiust-<;imss
ill evcrv rr.:-|ic'cl. ratalnirncs ami I'rii:e-List8
free. Helci-cuee— First Natl Hauk, this place.
Address, WM. McfUNK A: CO.,
4:iDl.v STKULING, ILL.

• Subscribers who do not receive their

papers promptly, should notify us at once.

(^" Send us oiie new subscription, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.

J^" Red Labels are nice for Pails which
hold from 1 to 10 lbs. of honey. Price $1.00
per hundred, with name and address printed.
Sample free.

1^" Calvert's No. 1 Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.

B^" Send us two new subscriptions, with
$2.00, and we will present you with a
" Globe " Bee-Veil for your trouble. (See
the fuller notice in the advertising col-
umns. )

Ig" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of the month to
which you have paid. If that is past, please
send us a dollar to advance that date another
year.

lt^~ Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.

i;^" Any of the Political Dollar Weekly
Newspapers will be clubbed with our JouK-
SAL at $1.85 for the two; or with both our
Home Jouknal and Bee Jouknal for $2.25
for all three papers.

H^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get mixed. Please write Aniei'ican Bee
Joxirtuil on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

11^" Systematic work in the Apiai-y will
pay. Use the Apiary Register. Its cost is
trifling. Prices :

For 50 colonies (120 pages) $100

" 100 colonies (220 pages) 1 25

'■ 200 colonies (420 pages) 1 50

1^" When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription to send with your
renewal. For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand-Book-
by mail, postpaid. It sells at 50 cents.

E^~ A "Binder" made especially for
the American Bee Journal, and lettered
in gold, makes a very convenient way of
preserving the copies of the Bee Journal
as fast as they are received. We ofl:er it,
postpaid, for 60 cents ; or as a premium for
two new subscriptions, with $2.00. It can-
ii'.'t be mailed to Canada.

^ducrtiscincixts.

THAT QUEEN I got of you is A daisy:
well pleased.— P. B. Bluhm, Temperance
Hall, Tenn.,Juuc 24, 18(10. Try the Flye-
Bauded Golden Italians. Orders booked
now— nay wheu Queens arrive. Enclose stamp
forpricel ^JACOB T. TIMPE, ^.

51Alt Grand Ledge, Mich.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

NEW FACTORY.

BEE-HIVES, SECTIONS, FKAIWKS,
ETC. We have moved Into our new
taotorv, which U the largest and most com-
plete i"n the world. We make the best of goods,
and sell them at lowest prices. Write for free
Illustrated Catalogue.

G. B. IjEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis.
35Atf

fTi.iA WaaI/i. From receipt of order (cash with
IWO lICCKS the order) Cary. Langstroth or
Staudard Langstroth Frame Hives, Automatic
Foundation-holding frames, in the flat, $1.00;
nailed and painted, $1.50. Best work and
material. Any hivo to order at low prices.
Write me. E. A. Baldwin, West Upton, Mass.
47Dtf ^

Mention the American Bee Journal.

GROUND CORK

ForPackingBeesinWinter.

mms consists of small pieces about the
X. size of a pea, and Is an excellent thing for
packing Bees in winter. Prices : In original
packages of 100 pounds, $4.00, measuring 14-
bushels.; smaller quantities, 10 cents per lb.;
or a seamless sack, containing 15 lbs., $1.00.

THOS. G. NEWMAN A: SON,

246 East Madison Street. - CHICAGO, ILL.

BEES

HtronBTt-'St. Itest ^^
CheaptetBEE-IIIVi' '

rpo^.

DovetailCi- ^ ■

jipfetBEE-mvTifi'rali .
i;s. Pli-ases everybody. Sen.l \our aa
dress to the Larcent Bee-lIWe » or-
t»ry In the World tnr samrle ""T;,? '■'

mated Bemi-moDthlT). and a 44 r- i""^-

irated catalogue of Bec-KeeperJ

KuppUetu Our A B C of Bee/ "'■

tore is a cyclopedia or 400 pp.. bxlO, Biid

300 Vou Price in clotl, , »1 ,25. Oj" if"'M"

pwcr. A. I. ROOT. Medina,©

LOOK HBRB.-B. S. Vickery, of Hartwell, Ga .
writes on .July 6, l.'^MO: "The Queens I got of
vou have the vellowsst bees 1 ever saw." orders
iiooked now for either five-Banded Golden, or
Roofs HONEY Italian Qcehns. Pay on arrival,
enclose stamp.

JACOB T. TIMPE,

GRAND LEDGE, MICH.

WE are now ready to receive shipments of
HONE V, and would be pleased to open
correspondence. Liberal advances made on
consignments. Prompt returns. Quick ship-
ments of Comb and Extracted will meet
an active market. Reference on file with the
American Bee Journal.

S. T. FISH A; CO., 189 So. Water St.,
□ 33A'^0t CHICAGO, ILLS.

■llAlt

Buy Cheapest of the Maniitacturers.

THE LARGER THE MAHUFACTURtRS

THj^EAPER YOU CAN BUY.

We are the Largest Manufacturers of

BEE-KEEPERS'
SUPPLIES,

WITH NEW

BUILDINGS,

f--»~^^yuz^ NEW

MACHINERY,

And 60,000 square feet of Floor Surface. We
must have 10,OUO New customers, so you will
find our prices VERY LOW and our goods the
finest Send for Catalogue and Price-List, or
write for special prices bn what you want.
Address

The W. T. Falconer M'f'g. Company,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

The"Glok"BeeVeil

Price, by Mall or Express, $1.00.

There are five cross-
bars united by a rivet
through their center at
the top These bars are
buttoned to studs on the
neck-band. The bars are
ofbestlif-'htspringsteel.
The uccli-band is of best
hard spring brass. The
cover is of white bobinet
with black lace-piece to
see through.

It is very easily put together; no trouble to
put on or take off; and folds compactly in a
paper bo-x 6.\7 inche.5. by one inch deep. The
protection against bees is pcrfectr-the weight
ot the entire Veil being only five ounces.

Discolored by Smoke.

The netting of a quantity of these Veils were
soiled by smoke. These complete Veils we
offer, postpaid, at 60 cents cacli, two for
SI. 10, or four Veils for $2.00. They are
practically just as good as ever, but slightly
soiled. To secure these. Order at once.

We will send this Veil and the Bee Jourkai,
one year, for $1.50 ; or we will give the Veil
FKEE for two ^EW subscribers to the
Bee Journal— Lor one for the Bee Joursai.
and two for the Home JocrxalI for one year,
with 82,00 for the subscriptions.

THOUAS O. NEWMAN ft SON,
246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

84:6

Ttam iSMEKicsM mmM j@«jkn®i^.

SEE -KEEPERS' GUIDE

E

VERY

have it.

Farmer and
The

Bee-Keeper should

loth 1,000, Wholly Revised

inirCH EMiARGED!

Contains many more beautiful Illustrations
and is up to date. It is both PRACTICAL and
SCIENTIFIC.

Frlcex: By mail, $1.50. To dealers, $1.00.
In 100 lots, by freight, 50 per cent. off.

Address,

A. J. COOK,

:<5Atf AuricuUaral College, Mlcli.

MUTH'S

HOKEY EXTBACTOB

I'KUFKOTION

Cold-Blast Smokers*,
Square Glass Honey Jars, A:c.

For Circulars, iipply to CH.4.S. F. Muth & Son,
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.. Cincinnati, O.
Send lOe tor Priictioiil Hints to Bee-Keepers.

DO YOU WANT

To succeed in Apiculture? Then try the
Nonpareil Bee-Hive and Winter Case.

Send for Catalojiue of prices, and enclose 25
cents in stamps for the new book. "BEE-
KEEPING FOK PROFIT," and you will not
regret it. _

Address, BK. G. I^. TINKER,

45Atf New Philadelphia, Ohio.

Mention the American Bee Journal.

BEESWAX WANTED.

Beeswax.— We will pay 80 cents per

pound, in Casli, tor Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
ered here.

I^" To avoid mistakes, the name of the
shipper should always be on each package.

THOS. G. NKWHIAN & SON,

246 East Madison Street. - CHICAGO, ILL.

PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION

HAS NO S.\G IN HUOOW FK ABIES.

THIN FLAT BOTTOM FOUNDATION

Haf* no Fisli-boiie in Surpl"* Honey.

M Being the cleanest is usually worlied
the quickest of nny Foundation made.
J. VAN DEI SEN A: SONS,
Sole Miinutacturers.
Sprout Brook. Mont^jomery Co., N. Y
Mention the American Dee Jtmmal.

Rural Life!

lOO Pases— Pfioc, 35 Cents.

RARELY is such a collection of valualilo
ideas embodied in a pamphlet like this.
Its scope is as broad as its title, and the matter
is presented in a concise, " tioiled-down "
manner, giving experience of many in few
■words. Among the subjects treated are these:
Economy; Prosperity and Adversity; Charac-
ter; Health; Kemedies; .Mistakes of Life; Is
Lite worth Living; Domestic and Household
Affairs; Planting and Culture of Vegetables;
Planting, culture, trimming and training
Vines. Trees and Plants; Bees, Poultry, Live-
stock, Farm Topics, Pithy Paragraphs, etc. It
is neatly bound in pajjer covers, and has a
comprehensive index.

FREE AS A PREMIll ll Ck ITX

person sending us one new subscriber for the
bEE JOUKNAL, or the HOME JOURNAL,
with the subscription price for a ^•ear.

THOMAS G. NEWMAN &. SON,

•246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

OUR GREAT CLUB OFFER.

E have arranged with the
puljlishers of GREEN'S
FRUIT GROWER, to offer
that well known and popu-
lar Monthly (i2 times a
year) to our subscribers,
when clubbed with this
journal, at a very low price.

GREEN'S FRUIT GROWER

' It's wicked to steal. Susie, and besides the boss
is watchin*."

is a pioneer in Horti-
culture, established
ten years ago. Its
Editor is a practical fruit grower, editing from his own vine-
yards and orchards. " It contains more practical informa
tion on Fruit Culture than any other journal," says Matthew
Crawford.

iiy Subscription Price of the Monthly F-ntitr Grower/
,-tlone ii 50 Cents, or when clubbed with

the American Bee Journal, $1.30 ; with the Illustrated Home Journal, 80 cents;
or all three for $l.TO.

TIIOinAS O. .\E\VinAlV & SOJV, 246 MadUou St., Chicago, III.

OUR BOOK PREMIUMS

We desire to get our friends all through the country to aid us in increasing onr list of
Subscribers to the

mmm bee JOURMl-Weeklv, 32 Pa^es, $1.00 a Year ; and
The ILLUSTRATED HOME JOURML-Moiithly, 32 Pages, 50 Cents a Year.

We make the reader this proposition: If you will get us Two .'\e«' Subworibers
to the BEE JOURNAL, or Vonr for the HOME JOURNAL, with $2.00 for the year,
we will |>i-«?M«nt you with either of the following Books, as you may choose :

DOOLITTLE'S QUEEN-REARING,

with Appendix— 170 Pages, bound in paper. Or

MILLER'S "YEAR AMONQ THE BEES,"

which contains Hi Pages, bound in cloth.

Sent FREE of postage, as pay for work to be done for us. Clubs need not be located at
one posi-oiRce, and for either or both Journals to the same or different addresses :

THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON, 246 East Madison St., Chicago, Dls.

The * toiOML i Stockman ? m ? Farmer

Is the most ably edited and the best printed Agricultural Joiirnal among our exchanges.
It is published at Pittsburgh, Pa., and the publishers claim the largest circulation of
any Farm Weekly Paper in America. The subscription price is $1..70 per year.

We offer this Paper with the

American Bee Journal for 1891,

For S1.95— or with the

Illustrated Home Journal for 1891,

For $1.40— or all three for $3.»5.

The balance of 1890 will be sent Free, to all New Subscribers, to all three publications.

This is a rare bargain, and the sooner the Subscriptions are received, the more
numbers o£ 189(1 will be sent Free. If a Sample Copy is desired, send a Postal Card
for it to the NATIONAL FARMER AND STOCKMAN, PITTSBURGH, PA.

SEND ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS TO US.

THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,

246 East madison Street, - - CHICAGO, IL.E..

41A— llMtf ■

Tmm MMBmicMii mmM j&umnm'L.

851

■^' — '■'ttm^m^m^m*

^*^*^^^*^*-^*-*--^^*^^^-^^-*-^

^^^^^^^^^^^■^

EDITOR.

Vol, mi, Dec. 21,1890. E52,

We wish, all our readers and patrons
-A MERRY CHRISTMAS,
and a prosperous and
. HAPPY NEW YEAR."

Twenty=Six Volumes of the Bee

JouKN'AL are now complete. It is old and
tried, and has been ever faithful to its
trust. Its past history is its guarantee for
the future.

The Investment of a dollar in the
Bee Journal, gives you 53 dividends in a
year. Can any one desire a better invest-
ment? or will they ask for richer returns!

1,00k Over the numbers of 1890, and
if any are missing, send for them at once —
before all are gone.

A Full and Complete Index is

published in this Journal. It will be very
valuable for those who keep the numbers
for reference and binding. It covers not
only the subjects, and the illustrations, but
also the names of correspondents, and the
pages containing their articles or letters.

Mr. W. I. Buchanan, of Sioux
City, Iowa, has been appointed the Chief
of the Bureau of Agriculture of the Worlds'
Columbian Exposition. In a letter to us
dated Dec. 13, 1890, he says:

I beg to assure you that in accepting the
appointment as chief of the Bureau of
Agriculture of the World's Columbian
Exposition I do so relying largely upon the
enthusiasm and hearty support of the press
of our country, interested as yours is in all
that goes to further the interest of those
engaged in agricultural pursuits. I have
full confidence that with your co-operation
and assistance, this great department of
the Exposition will be an unqualified
success. I shall at all times be glad to
have suggestions from you, and will give
them careful consideration.

We are heartily glad that Mr. Buchanan
has been selected for such an important
position, and Bee-Keepers may be sure of
due consideration for the Exhibit which
they intend to make, at the coming World's
Columbian Exposition. We respectfully
commend to him, the two gentlemen
selected at the late Convention at Keokuk,
of the "North American Bee-Keepers'
Association," as its choice for superinten-
dents. For the United States, Dr. A. B.
Mason, Auburndale (Toledo) Ohio, and for
Canada, R. McKnight, Owen Sound, Ont.
With these experienced men as superin-
tendents, we shall fully expect a grand
exhibit of bees, honey and apiarian appli-
ances, and we hope that Mr. Buchanan will
see to their appointment as soon as possible,
and then aid them in every way to make
the Bee and Honey Show eclipse anything
that has ever before been made in the
whole world.

Our Thanks are hereby tendered to
all our friends, not only for their patronage
during the past 17 years, but for their
influence exerted in favor of the Bee Jour
>'AL, and for their assistance in sustaining
its character and excellence during that
time. We hope they will continue to do
the same for the coming year.

IVIr. J. IVI. Clark, the Honey
merchant of Denver, Colorado, gave us a
call last Saturday. He reports the produc-
tion of Colorado as increasing very rapidly.
In 1888 it amounted to 200,000 pounds.
In 1889 it increased to 300,000 pounds
and this year it approaches very nearly to
600,000 pounds. It is mostly gathered
from Alfalfa; the next best honey-producer
being Cleome.

The Bee-Keepers' Review for

December comes to our desk in a cover,
and enlarged. It is bright and spicy as
usual, and deserves success. The price will
be increased to a dollar for 1 891. It will
be clubbed with the Bee Journal for*; 1.75.
No club sulKscrijitions will be entered for
less than this, after Dec. 10, 1890. Those
who send the old rate will only be credited
for the Review for six months. As friend
Hutchinson gave no notice of this increase,
it could not be corrected before this week
in our Clubbing List — (see page 857).

Bee=Conventions will be held dur-
ing the next few months in many localities.
The most convenient thing at such gather-
ings is the Convention Hand-Book. It
contains a simple Manual of Parliamentary
Law and Rules of Order for Local Bee-
Conventions; Constitution aud By-Laws
for a Local Societj' ; Programme for a Con-
vention, with Subjects for Discussion. In
addition to this, there are about 50 blank
pages, to make notes upon, or to write out
questions, as they may come to mind.
They are nicely bound in cloth, and are of
the right size tor the pocket. We will
present a copy for one new subscription to
the Bee Journal, besides your own re-
newal (with $2 to pay for the same), or 2
subscribers to this Home Journal may be
sent instead of one for the Bee Journal.

Subscribers whose time does not
expire for some months can safely renew at
any time, without fear of loss, because we
always extend the time from the date of
expii-ation on our books. If you want any
other magazine or newspaper, we can furn-
ish it, and save you money by clubbing it
with the Bee Journal. See our list of a
few of them on page 862.

The Honey Slmanac for 1891
will be issued in a few days. The prices
will be the same as last year, but several
improvements have been made. A sample
will be mailed for 5 cents.

The Report of the National Bee-
Keepers' Union may be found in this week's
Journal. The Voting Blanks will be sent
to all members in a few days, and if any
desire to become members (and every bee-
keeper ought to feel it a privilege to do so),
they should send to this oflSce for Blanks,
and use them at once.

Reader, the Bee Journal is working
for your interest every day in the year,and
now you are respectfully invited to work
for its interest, by devoting a few hours to
get a new subscriber for it, and thus help
to make it still more valuable and useful to
the pursuit.

R. ">Vord of commendation from our
readers to those not among our subscribers,
will be more potent than anything we can
say. If you like our Journal — please let
your neighbor know it, and let us thank
you in advance for this favor.

Only a Fevj^ complete volumes for
1890 are on hand. If any one desires to have
a full set of numbers for binding, they
should be sent for soon.

Binders made especially for the Bee
Journal for 1891 are now ready for
delivery, at 50 cents each, including pos-
tage. Be sure to use a Binder to keep your
numbers of 1890 for reference. Binders
for 1890 only cost 60 cents, and it will
pay you to use them, if you do not get the
volumes otherwise bound.

852

T'H® m^MMMlCMm mWM JQ-'UimMMI*.

The Southern California Bee-
Keepers' Association, at its last meeting
adopted a preamble, constitution and by-
laws, elected a full set of officers and is
ready for business. Delegates were in
attendance from San Diego, San Ber-
nardino, Orange and Los Angeles counties.
The initiation fee is * 1.00, and the yearly
dues are $1.00.

The constitution provides for auxiliary
Associations wherever seven persons who
own and handle bees can be brought
together to form such an association— such
Associations are entitled to send represent-
atives to the parent Association.

-No provision has been made for honorary
membership, but corresponding members
may be elected by the Associations from
among the bee-keepers in any part of the
world. No fee is required from this class
of members, but it is required of such
members to give exact and reliable informa-
tion of anything of interest to progressive
bee-keeping that may come to their knowl-
edge, particularly as to new inventions in
appliances for the apiary, and discoveries
in scientific bee-keeping, reporting to this
association the discovery of any new strains
of bees that would be an improveipent over
the kinds now owned and handled in the
jurisdiction of the Southern California
Bee-Keepers' Association.

Abadge has been adopted to be presented
to each member upon his initiation, made
of sky-blue silk ribbon with a devise on it
of a Queen bee surrounded with worker
bees, with a legend, "The Southern
California Bee Keepers' Association," all

in gold.

The membership is made up of practical
progressive men who for the most part
have been in the business in this locality
for many years and fully understand the
needs of the fraternity in all respects.—
Rural Californian.

Milk ahd Honey.— The chronicler
of old could think of no language in which
to clothe his idea of a really-good country
than to discribe as " a land flowing with
milk and honey," and if the signs of the
times are not wonderfully misleading, that
is to be the truthful description of the
United States in the near future. It will
delight thousands to learn that the use of
milk as a beverage is so rapidly on the
increase that the dairy lunch rooms are
numbered by the dozen to-day where they
were unknown two years ago ; and that,
at both the hotels and restaurants milk is
being much more largely used as a
beverage. It is an ill wind that blows good
to no one, and in this movement we can
see good to all concerned. The honey will
follow suit, for our apiaries are annually
on ' the increase, and many can now be
named that produce from 5,000 to 25,000
pounds annually.— KxcJiangc.

The 'W^ax'Scales or wax-plates as
they grow, or are formed on the bees, are
five-sided, very thin, semi-transparent, and
exceedingly brittle, requiring preparation
by the bees before they are in a fit state to
buUd combs with. If a bee is plunged into
water, the scales of wax may easily be
detached with the point of a needle, when
they wUl rise on the surface of the water,
and can be examined with ease, or they
may be mounted as specimens to show the
state of wax in its first secretion. To get
some idea of how this wax is formed, we
have only to form an idea as to how tallow
or lard is produced, and then know that
nearly the same process is required to form
honey into wax, which is required to form
meal or food of any kind into animal fat.—
Exchange.

Queen=cells which are large and
corrugated are said to produce much
better queens than do those which are
small and smooth. Those queen-cells which
have their cover cut off smoothly and
evenly by the queen when emerging, and
in which the royal jelly is not all consumed
give superior queens. A scarcity of royal
food means small:or imperfect queens. —

G. M. DOOLITTLE.

Enraptured.— This is the opinion of
one who sent for a sample copy ;

I am enraptured over your beautiful and
artistic Home Journal, and inclose 50
cents for a year's subscription. — A.T.CooK,
Hyde Park, N. Y.

We hope the reader will think and do the
same as Mr. Cook, after examining the
sample sent last week.

Distance Weeessary to Prevent
Impure Fertilization.

I think five miles would be pretty safe. —
R. L. Taylo«.

From six to ten miles. They frequently-
cross at four miles distance. — J. P. H.
Brown.

Not less than three miles. I have no faith
in the half-mile theory — C. H. Dibberx.

One to two miles for practical purposes^
of queen-rearing. To insure absolute safety
they should be about seven miles apart. —
G. L. Tinker.

I doubt if any one knows. I should say
from four to five miles at least. Of course
they might not mix, it separated only two
miles, but who knows that they might not J
I should prefer even six miles. — A. J. Cook.

Three miles at least. I have known black
bees to be crossed with my own Italians at
full three miles "in a bee line." Whether
that distance is far enough I cannot say,
but think it fairly safe.— J. E. Pond.

When there were no Italian bees but mine-
in the neighborhood, a black queen nearly
five miles away produced yellow-banded
bees, and had mated with a drone from my
apiary. If there are mixed bees withia
four or five miles, some queens are liable
to be mismated. — M. Mahin.

I do not know ; some persons report see-
ing large swarms of drones high in the air.
They may have regular trysting places for
all I know. Where many colonies of Ital-
ians are kept, other bees stand a poor
chance. Italians are boss, whether at a
pan of feed, in the field, at war — or in love.
—Mrs. L. Harrison.

In answering this question.some guessing
is absolutely necessary. In my opinion
drones rarely ever fly more than one or
two miles from their home. This " guess "
is based on years of practical experience.
If there were no hybrids or other race or
varieties of bees in two miles of my apiary,
I would expect to see 98 per cent, of my
Italian queens purely mated. — G. W. Dem-
aree.

It would hardly be safe to count on pure-
fertilization if there were impure bees
within five miles.— The Editor.

Written Jar the Ameriean Bee Journal

Convention I^otices.

Query 745. — How far would colonies of
Italians used for queen-rearing need to be
removed from hybrids to prevent their
crossing with the hybrid drones ? — Sub-
scriber.

At least three miles. — Dadant & Son.
At least three miles. — P. L. Viallon.
Five or more miles. — G. M. Doolittle.
Five or six miles. — J. M. Hambaugh.

Probably five miles would do. —Eugene
Secor.

Prom five to six miles, to make it sure. —
James Heddon.

Some say half a mile, but I think I should
feel safer at three miles. — C. C. Miller.

I should prefer five miles ; yet in many
cases a less distance will do. — H. D. Cut-
ting.

sy The Annual Meeting of the Ontario Bee-Keep-
ers' Association, will be held in the city of St. Cath-
arines, oa the 7th and Hth of January. All interested
in bee-keeping are cordially invited to atteiid.

W. CotTSK, Sec, Streetsville, Ont.

tW The Annual Meeting of the Indiana State
Bee-Keepers' Association, will be held in the Agri-
cultural Rooms, State House, Indianapolis. Jan. 16,
17, 1891. GEO. C. THOMPSON, 3ec., bouthport, Ind.

»y The 8th semi-annual meeting of the Susque-
hanna County Bee-Keepers' Association will be held
at Montrose, Pa., on Thursday. May 7. 1891.

H. M. Seeley. 8ec., Harford, Pa.

•y The 22d Annual Meeting of the New York
state Bee-Keepers' Association, will be held in
Agricultural Hall. Albany. N. 7 on Jan. 22-24, 1891.
Riduced Railroad Rates, Pay full tare to Albany,
and we will give you return certificates over any
road coming into Albany (except the Boston &
Albany) at one-third of the regular fare. A cordial
invitation is extended to all. Come and bring your
friends with you. A complete programme will be
published as soon as completed. „,..-„ v

GEO. H. KNICKERBOCKEK, See,. Pine Plains, N. T.

t»- The Annual Meeting of the Ohio State Bee-
Keepers' Association, will be held in Toledo, O., on
Tuesday and Wednesday. Feb 111 and 1 1 . ISs'l . J ull
particulars as to railroad and hotel rates, and place
bf meeting, will be given later. Let all interested
in bee-keeping make an extra effort to be present
on this occasion. D...^*«,.H r>

Miss Dema Bennett, Sec, Bedford, O.

DB. A. B. MASON, Free.

Supply Dealers should write to us
for wholesale terms and cut for Basting's
Perfection Feeders.

XHE^ JEMBRICKK MBm JQURICSiL.

853

»*«>*^^^^^^^^-~^^«i»*^>*«»*<

QUESTIONS.

Mow to Select Colonies — Ex-
tracting; from Brood-Combs.

Written Sor the American Bee Jawmal

BV G. M. DOOLITTLE.

A correspoudent writes, "I desire
to purciiase some bees in tlie Spring,
Will }-ou please tell me how to select
good colonies, and what prices I ought
to pay? " A majority of persons,
■especially beginners, are apt to think
that if a hive is heavy with honey and
there are live bees in it, such are the
ones to purchase, without any regard
to what kind of comb there is in the
hive, or the size of the colon}'.

This is a mistaken idea. Good
combs and plenty of bees are of far
more value than honey. As there are
those at the present time who still
persist in keeping bees in box-hives,
and the bees in such hives can be pur-
chased for less money than they can in
"frame-hives (besides, the frame-hive
might not be to the purchaser's liking),
I would select box-hives, and then
transfer to such hives as suited me.

The colonies ma}' be selected any
-cold day during the months of March
and April, by turning the hive over
carefully, so as not to arouse the bees.
Examine the combs carefully and see
that they are all straight and nearly
all worker comb, and tliere should be
bees in at least five spaces ; or in
-other words, the bees should enclose
lour combs, while six to eight spaces
filled with bees would be all the better,
with from ten to fifteen pounds of
honey. If possible, select such colo-
nies as cast a swarm the previous sea-
son, or a second swarm, as such will
have young prolific queens.

Persons having bees for sale in box-
hives, do not, as a rule, read the bee
papers, so they do not know the differ-
ence between a good stock-hive and a
poor one, and will make no distinction
in price as to those having j'oung
■queens and good combs, for all are
alike to them.

About the price. Four dollars is
the usual amount asked for bees in
such hives during April, but I have
seen colonies sold for eight and ten
<lollars. that were worth but little
more than the houey tliat was in the
hive : and I have seen colonies sold
for two dollars that were better worth
ten dollars than others would be as a
gift. The same holds good as to frame-
hives. A person had better pay ten
■dollars for a hive that has the frames
filled with straight worker combs,

well-stocked witli bees, than have a
hive with the combs built cro.sswise of
the frames, with two-thirds of that
drone comb, and an old, poor queen,
given to him for nothing.

EXTRACTING FROM THE BROOD-COMBS.

"When lam working for section-
honej', my bees are prone to store
more or less honey in the brood-combs.
Had I better extract this honey occa-
sionally ? " is a question sent in by
another correspondent. I have been
a careful observer, and find that when
bees are at work best in the sections
there will be scarcely a pound of honey
in the brood-frames, providing that
the body of the hive is not too large.
I mistrust that the trouble with this
correspondent, is that his brood-
chamber is too large, so that the first
honey which comes in goes into the
brood-combs instead of the sections.
But the extracting of this honey would
only make matters worse, for it would
give the bees a chance to put more
honey below, instead of going into the
sections as we wish.

If any one expects to get a large
yield of comb-honey and use the ex-
tractor on the brood-combs at the
same time, the}' certainly will not
realize their expectations. After the
bees get thoroughly at work in tlie
sections, let the brood-combs alone,
and you need have no fear of the
queen being crowded, for as soon as
the bees are thus occupied they will
carry the little honey they may have
in the brood-combs, with a hive of the
proper size, np into the section, thus
giving the queen abundant room.

For instance: I have taken nine
Gallup frames, well tilled with sealed-
honey, hiving a good strong swarm of
bees with a good queen in such a filled
hive, putting on the sections before
hiving the swarm, and in form 14 to
18 days (if honey is coming in from
the fields) every bit of this honey and
all the bees had gathered, not con-
sumed by the brood, would be in the
sections.

Once more : If you let a first swarm
issue from a hive and keep them from
swarming again, (allowing the hive
the swarm came from, to remain on the
old stand,) by the time the young
queen commences laying, every avail-
able cell in the brood-chamber will be
filled with honey, and still no start be
made in the sections ; but as soon as
the queen gets to laying to any amount,
the bees will commence to work in the
sections, and I have known every sec-
tion to be completed in ten days from
the time of commencing, under such
circumstances.

Examine that hive in IS days and
you will find scarcely a cell of honey
in the brood-combs, and as nice a lot

of brood as you ever witnessed. Now,
we will suppose that just as this queen
was fertilized the honey had all been
extracted from the brood-combs, not a
single pound of section honey would
have been obtained, in all probability,
unless it came late in the season from
buckwheat or Fall flowers.

Bee.s will always store honey in tlie
brood-chamber, in preference to the
sections, when there is empty comljs
or empty cells there, and the more
extracting of these brood-combs the
more empty cells we give, unless the
queen has the cells occupied with
brood, in which case there will be no
honey to extract. Again I repeat it.
if you wish a large yield of section-
honey, keep prolific queens, and let
the brood-combs alone, after they are
once filled with brood in the Spring.

Borodino, N. Y.

BEE CELLARS.

Ratsi and Itliee in a Bee Cellar.

Writttn tor the Amerifj'.n Bee Jourtial
BY G. B. REPLOGLE.

I was somewhat surprised to find my
query (No. 742) answered in this week's
Bee Journal. It has been so long
since I sent it, that I had given up
ever hearing from it. Well, it was
like the doctor coming several days
after the death of the patient. The
following item will tell how it turned
out. I must explain a little. We did
not fasten the bees into the hives, but
left the entrances open and the covers
on. I believe it would have been
better to have had screens on toj),
than the covers. The cellar was very
dark and rather warm, with no chance
to ventilate it properly. The explana-
tory item is as follows:

On the 17th of November we put 60
colonies of bees into a cellar ; on the
l!8th we took them out again. They
had never become quiet during the 11
days of their confinement, and, when
taken out, quite a number of the colo-
nies showed symptoms of diarrhea. The
second day after taking them from the
cellar, they had a good flying time
and spotted the hives as badly as bees
usually do after a confinement of six
weeks. We now have them snugly
packed at the sides and back, with
leaves and soft blue-gra.ss hay, and
shall await with considerable anxiety
the outcome of the experiment.

Too high a temperature and annoy-
ance by rats running over the hives
seemed to be the cause of their uneasi-
ness in the cellar. When bees are
uneasy in confinement they will con-
stantly gorge themselves with honey,
which accounts for the symptoms iu
the present case.

854

TMM MMBMicMff mmm j^wmnmi^.

-^'■^^^^^'■^^^tA

This was our first attempt at cellar
wintering, and it will be our last, until
such time as we may be able to build
a repository that can be controlled in
respect to ventilation and temperature,
and rats and mice are rigidly excluded.

Centerville, Iowa, Dec. 18, 1890.

[The Query Department is not the
place to get immediate replies. Each
Query has to take its turn, and it takes
several weeks to get a batch of Queries
ready, send them out, get replies, and
then to put into print. The very full
answers given to the Query on page 821
will be of value to others, if not to you
now. — Ed.]

FOUL BROOD.

Some very Important Qiies^tions
Propounded.

Written for theAma-ican Bee Journal

BY WM. M'EVOY.

I have just read friend Koeppen's
letter on page 808, and as I have seen
one or two colonies of foul brood in
my time, I would be very much pleased
if he would answer me the following
questions through the American Bee
Journal.

1. You say that in May your 37 colo-
nies were well aud in good condition ;
do you mean that they were free from
foul brood ?

2. You say j'ou found seven diseased
in June, and gave the cure Mr. Pringle
named. I have not seen that Journal.
Will you please tell us just exactly
what you did ? and at what time of the
day you treated them ?

3. In July, you say that you had 12
or 14 more colonies diseased ; and to
urge them to stay, you put in some
foundation. About how much founda-
tion did you put in ? and at what time
of the day did you do that ?

4. You say that some that you cured
in July caught the disease again this
Fall, will you please tell us exactly
how you cured them ? at what time of
the day you treated them ? how far
apart your colonies are from each
other ? and whether you treated them
all at once, or part one day and part
another, and so on ?

5. You say that your colonies were
all in good condition in May ; that
being the case, how many swarms did
you get ? and how did you treat them ?

6. As you say your colonies were in
good condition in May, how much
honey did you get, this season ?

7. Which have you ran most for,
comb or extracted honey ? If ex-
tracted, where do you exti-act from —
the top story or the brood chamber ?

8. Whei'e do you winter your bees ?
in a cellar or on the Summer stands ?
If in the cellar, what was the average
temperature of it ? If you wintered
them on the Summer stands, how were
they fixed or packed ? at what time in
the Fall did you pack them ? and what
time in Spring did you unpack them ?
or were they packed all Summer ?

9. You say that yon fed eight dollars
worth of sugar, was that fed to colo-
nies you were trying to cure ? If so,
please tell us exactly how you were
treating them ?

10. I see that you are now down
from 37 colonies to 3, what sort of
combs have those 3 colonies got, old or
new ? and about how much honey was
there in them before you fed ? please
to tell us exactly what your feed was
composed of ?

11. You say that you had to put the
bees together so much, that they have
been reduced to only 3 colonies, what
time in the day did you do the doubling-
up of your colonies ? Was it in the
honey season you doubled them, or
after it was over ? Did you give them
another set of combs, and try to cure
the disease then, or what did you do ?
please tell us exactly what you did in
your treatment at that time.

12. You say that almost all those
that you put on foundation, left their
hives, what about those that did not
leave ? How were they ? Was the
disease just as bad in them as in jour
others that were not given foundation ?

13. In the Fall when the queens
have done laying, if you remove all
the combs and do not either boil or dis-
infect the foul hives, but at once put
six combs into them, with every cell
sealed solid, which have been taken
from colonies that never had the disease,
will foul brood start or break out in
such hives again ? If so, will you
look very closely into this and explain
in detail, giving your reason, backed
by your own experience ? please do
not give me the experience of other
men as I know all about what they
think and guess at. I would give
more for the opinion, backed by expe-
rience, of a good careful and close
observer, that had tested and proved a
thing that had been a success, than all
the opinions ever guessed at.

14. Did foul brood originate in your
apiary or did your bees get it bj' robbing
at foul-brood apiaries ? Did you buy
any foul-brood colonies, or did you get
any combs from any one during the
last five years, or the time it started
in your apiary ? or, did you buy any
honey and give it to your bees, in the
last 5 years, as you claim to have the
disease about that long ? How far are
you located from other apiaries ? and
are they free from foul brood ?

15. What did you do with all your
combs ? Have you any left ? If so,
are you going to use any of them ?

16. You seem to think that it would
be a hard thing to cure, by the sealed
combs' plan, in the Fall, because you
say you could not get enough sealed
combs to make the experiment !

Pardon me, dear friend, when I tell
you that in your apiary the sealed
combs would be foul, and it would not
do to use them, when the whole apiary
has been so badly diseased that out of
37 colonies in May you have only threfr
colonies now !

But here is a question I would like
you to answer. If your colonies were
all sound and free from foul-brood,
but a few, could you not feed the-
sound ones in the Fall, until the combs
were sealed, and then go in the evening'
to your foul colonies and remove the
diseased combs, and give sealed combs
from the sound colonies which you
fed — could you not do that ? if not,
why not ? You might say that you
could buy sealed combs from some
other bee-keeper. Now, friend, par-
don me again, when I tell yon that
the risk is too great ! I would not use
any sealed combs from an apiary,
unless I examined the apiary they
came from first. I have known many
a fine apiary ruined bj' using combs

that came out of foul-brood apiaries t

17. When your bees swarmed, did
you put them in empty hives or hives
tilled with combs, or foundauon ?
What kind of a hive do you use ?

18. What is your other business, be-
sides bee-keeping ? Does the other
business crowd you at the time your
bees need the most attention ? I will
take it as a great favor, friend Koeppen.
if you will answer these few questions
through the American Bee Journal.

Wood burn, Canada.

INVENTIONS.

Improvements vvliicli are yet
Undiscovered.

Written for the Western Ploioman

BY C. H. DIBBERN.

Bee-keepers often boast of the won-
derful improvements that have been
made in the last twenty-five years, and
with good reason. Within this pei-iod
was invented the honey-extractor,
comb-foundation, honey-knife, solar
wax-extractor, bee-smoker, sectioa
honey-boxes, queen-and-drone-traps,
queen-cages for sending by mail, bee-
escapes, and many more articles of
great value to our pursuit.

As I look back over the past. I
sometimes wonder what more the
future has in store for us. Do we now

nrmm rnvmrnmi^MM mmm jouHrfKiL.

855

kuow it all ? What will bee-keeping
be, in a hundred years from now ?

Well, one thing I do know, and that
is we are not yet at "the end of the
string," by a good deal. Jii.st as im-
portant discoveries remain to be made,
and we have a keen lot of bee-keepers
who will move heaven and earth to
bring them to light. We are going to
liave better bees, better hives and
better section-cases ; in fact, every-
thing better that can be improved.
Much of the labor now done by man,
will be turned over to the bees, who
can and will do it better and cheaper.
The bees will be made to hive them-
selves in the near future. This device
will undoubtedly be perfected during
the next season. 1 am satisfied it will
prove an entire success.

WHAT TO DO THIS WINTER.

Now, when the bees have all been
snugly stored away, there will be a
long time before they will need much
attention. The successful bee-keeper
must make good use of all the time
there is, if he expects to keep "up with
the times."

Be sure and subscribe for one or
more of the bee papers, and read them
carefully. It is during the Winter
that they are at their best, as corre-
spondents now have plenty of time to
write out their thoughts and give the
results of experiments that were over-
looked or almost forgotten during the
busy season. Look over some good
standard work on bees, and although
you may have read it before, it will be
quite likely that you will gain many
new ideas.

Look over your supplies, and if an}'-
thing is needed you can usually get a
discount by ordering now. Then
many things can be made up at odd
times now. This will keep your mind
on the business, and is much better
than loafing at the grocery stores.
Many new things will come out in the
near future, and it is well to see what
they are and give them a trial. We
want everything that is of any real
value in our business. Eternal vigil-
ance is the price of success.

RATS AND MICE IN THE BEE CELLAR.

Often I am told, that if it were not
for the rats .and mice bees would be
wintered in the cellar. Now what
kind of housekeeping is that, to allow
these pests to take possession of the
cellar ? It may not be so easy to keep
them out of the barn or corn cribs ;
but in the house cellar, where the vege-
tables, fruits, cream and butter for the
family are kept, there is no excuse for
their presence ; nor in the bee cellar,
where all should be quiet instead of
the rats playing hop, skip and jump
over the hives.

But some one says : 'JMie rats and
mice are there, and how shall I get rid
of them ? Well, in the first place, the
person who built the house was to
blame in leaving any pos.sible place
for them to harboi". Stone, lime and
cement are cheap, and every hole and
crevice should be tilled uji. Should a
mouse or rat hole appear anywhere,
set a good trap and catch the rascal,
and then be sure and plug that hole
up. A cat or two is of great advantage
in keeping them away. If a place is
once overrun, nothing is better to drive
them away than to put concentrated
lye in every hole you can find, and
along their runways.

Milan, Ills.

SWARMING.

Prcveiitioii of After-Swarmiiig
or Second Swariiiiiis:.

Written for the American Bee Journal

BY R. DART.

I will give Mr. S. M. Carlyon my
method of preventing second or after
swarming. It is simple and, with me,
it never fails to accomplish its work.

When the first or prime swarm
leaves the hive, turn the hive, which
it comes out of, a few feet to one side ;
place the new hive on the old stand ;
remove the crate of section, if not
completed, from the old to the new
hive ; then run the swarm into the
new hive. While they are running in,
draw the frames, one by one, from the
old hive and shake the bees off among
those running into the new hive,
leaving about one-half a pint of bees
on the last frame in the old hive.
Replace the frames in the old hive ;
shut it up till you put in your front
blocks, leaving one inner working hole.
At that time, or any time within a day
or two, carry the old hive to a new
stand, and your swarming from that
hive is over for the season.

Do not remove any queen-cells that
you may find on the combs of the old
hive, and leave not over one pint of
bees in the old hive, when you close
them up. The combs at this se.ason
are full of unhatched brood, and it
will not hatch fast enough to have
bees on hand to send out second
swarms when the first queen is hatched
out.

When the first swarm leaves the old
hive you will find, left on the combs,
one-quarter of the whole swarm, too
young to fly. These are the bees left
that gives you the after swarming.
Shake them among the new swarm
while hiving, and your trouble is over.

The beginner in bee-keeping may
say that this is too much work, and

tlie chance of being stung is too great.
I make all the manipulations and carry
the old swarm to the new stand in ten
minutes, with bare face ami hands. If
your bees are cross, puiVa little smoke
over the frames of the old hive.

I catch all of my swarms, as they
come from the hive, in wire swarm
catchers. I use three of them for 60
swarms. If you get all your honey in
section, and use sw.arra catchers, to
catch j'our swarms, your bees will not.
as a rule, be cross, through the honey
harvest. Hiving swarms from limbs
of trees and other out-of-the-way places,
and the use of the extractor, makes
your bees cross for the whole season.

I do not think it will pay any bee-
keeper to try to prevent the bees cast-
ing one swarm each during the honey
harvest ; but it will pay to prevent
them from sending out more than that.
If first swarms are coming too late, or
too many of them, I send them back,
cutting all the queen-cells out of the
old hive first, and they will not often
renew them and come out again.

With our poor crop this year, honey
is cheap ; we may get 12J cents a pound,
but we have got most of our honey on
hand yet.

Ripon, Wis.

THE UNION.

The Sixtli Annual Report of tlic
IKational Bee-Keepers' Union.

In making my Sixth Annual Report
to the members of the Union, allow
me to say that while we all have much
to be proud of, in the achievements of
the past, we have nothing to be
ashamed of — except, perhaps, the
limited number of members.

When attorneys are defending cases
in Courts, they often cite the suits
previously decided, which favor their
argument, or ai-e analogous to it ; and
usually the " best hits" they make are
the outcome of some " points" given
to them by their clients. When bee-
keepers are their clients, they should
be able to point to "decisions" or
• points of law " in favor of the pur-
suit, but unfortunately, until the Union
began its work, there were none.

In the first case defended by the
Union, Judge Clementson remarked :
"This case involves new points of law,
upon which there are no rulings of the
Supreme Court. We have no law upon
which to insti-uct a jury." That was in
the Freeborn case, in Wisconsin, which
the Union had defended so vigorously
that the complainant lost his grip in
the first round, and it was literally
kicked out of Court.

We have now secured several de-
cisions, notably the one in the Supreme

856

THE SMERicaif mmm j©^rksiu.

Court of Arkansas. These not only
save trouble and annoyance to bee-
keepers, but also expense to the Union
—by the prevention of petty lawsuits.

Now, if City Councils or Town
Boards are anywhere troubled by a
complainant, and asked to pass an
Ordinance ■declaring bee-keeping a
nuisance, and to prohibit it within the
corporate limits," etc, every member,
together with the Mayor, the City
Attornej-, and the one making the
complaint, are all dosed with copies of
the Supreme Court decision, that • 'Bee-
Keeping is not a nuisance " per se, and
the matter is at once dropped — killed
by the • ■ Decision of the Supreme
Court of Arkansas ! "

That Decision is our •• Corner-stone
of Defense ! " It calls a halt in all
such "careers of madness." and de-
mands justice for the 300,000 Americans
who are now engaged in the keeping
of bees !

This good work should go on until
we have such decisions in every State
in the Union.

BEE-KEEPING NOT A NUISANCE.

The cry has been set up, that -'Bee-
Keeping is a nuisance " — that bees are
trespassers, — and have no rights out-
side the apiarj- which ought to be
respected ; and that feeling was grow-
ing 5 years ago, and even threatened
the veiy life of the pursuit.

Contemplating such a state of things,
of robbing a person of his reputation,
well did Shakespeare say :

" Who steals my purse, steals trash;
But he that filches from me my ^ood uume
Kobs me of that which enriches him not
And makes me poor indeed."

If the pursuit was to be robbed of its
reputation and good name, it would
soon cease to exist. To set up a
Defense, was, therefore, a necessit}'.

BEES NOT TKESPASSERS.

Instead of bees being trespassers,
while gathering a few drops of honey
from the tiowers. they are positively
required by the plants to fertilize them,
and all Nature invites them to come to
the feast, simply to carry the pollen-
masses from flower to flower, and thus,
as marriage-priests, to cause them to
become prolific, and bear fruit in
great abundance. In ignorance of
this, many imagine that bees are tres-
passers, and destroyers of the fruit !
Such nonsense vanishes before the
revelation of scientific facts !

"If bees can trespass there is an end
to bee-keeping (writes one of our
members) for every bee-man will be at
tlie mercy of a surly neighljor. Apart
from their merits as honey-gatherers,
bees are of incalculable benefit to mar-
ket gardeners, florists, etc., in fertiliz-
ing flowers. If we had bees that could

reach down to the honey-cells of red
clover, they would be of inestimable
value to the farmer, as red clover
depends for fertilization on insects,
mostly bumble-bees. We are satisfied
that the reason why the first crop of
clover has so little seed, is because
there are not enough of the bumble-
bees to fertilize it, so early in the
season. We noticed in our meadows
some Iieads were full of seed and
others apparently equally as ripe with-
out a grain. The bumble-bee had
evidently been on the one and not on
the rest. Some wise men maj' laugh
at this, but it has been carefully
devionstrated bj' Darwin, years ago,
that when the bees are excluded, the
clover seed does not form."

PROOF OF IDENTITY.

Then again, if anyone should claim,
in a lawsuit, that bees trespass, it is
the duty of such an individual to prove
the." identity " of the bees — that such
bees belonged to the defendant. Can
the plaintiff produce an)' one of the
bees charged with trespassing ? Sup-
pose he can ! Can he swear to identitj- ?
Perhaps he will be advised to say that
he cannot. The moment he does that,
the attorney for tlie defendant should
demand a non-suit, saying that he can
produce cases decided in favor of the
bee-men on that very point. Custom
makes law, and law is based upon
equity in all constitutional countries.
Such cases on " identity " have been
decided in different countries — but
always in the same way, where abso-
lute proof of identity is lacking — bj' a
dismissal of the case.

Under the actual administration of
the law. the bee-keeper almost always
escapes, for no one can recognize his
bees; and alone, out of the hive, a bee
has no owner, etc.

KILLING BEES MALICIOUSLY.

Take the question of killing bees by
j'east or other poison, — because igno-
rant persons think tliey spoil fruit, etc.
— should we stand this ? I say. no.
most emphatically. The owner of
bees thus annoyed, should quietly
proceed to get absolute proof that cer-
tain parties did on certain days
set a poison to kill certain animals or
insects, and when the proofs are all
ready, then the National Bee-Keepers'
Union would " go for " those parties,
and force the case into court.

This brings to mind an amusing
case decided some years ago in France.
Mr. H. had an apiary within one-half
of a mile of the largest sugar refineries
in Paris, The sugar refineries brought
suit against him for interrupting them
in their business, stealing their sugar,
etc, and the refineries lost tlie day,
not once, but twice, and I think a third
time.

Upon asking upon what point they
were beaten, Mr. H. stooped to the
ground, and, picking up a dead bee,
said : "I filed a demand that they pro-
duce in court the bees that did the
robbing, etc., and they brought a
bushel of dead bees. Picking out one
verj- carefully, I demanded of the
plaintifi", will jou swear that that bee
is one of my bees ? But there was no
answer. I won the case each time,
and moreover the Judge admonished
the refineries to cover eveiy door and
window with wire gauze, and use
every reasonable precaution to keep
the bees out, or I might have just
cause to go against them for killing
my bees without necessity."

Suppose now that in America it wei'e
once established by law that to wan-
tonlj- kill bees was a punishable crime !
How quickly- the owners of the deadly
cider press and sugar refineries would
have to screen out the bees — or the
Union would be after them !

MAKING HISTORY.

Now, for half-a-dozen years we have
been "making history," and getting
■decisions of law," for the future
guidance of judges, and for the instruc-
tion of attorne3\s who may be called
upon to defend lawsuits against those
who are keeping bees, and who may
incur the displeasure of their neigh-
bors, either through ignorance or
malice. When such persons under-
stand that bee-keepers stand by one
another, and have a Union for Defense,
they will respect us, and freely accord
to us our rights.

THE WORK BEFORE US.

At Piano, 111., vve have a lawsuit
begun which may yet reach the Su-
preme Court of Illinois. In Iowa.
Wisconsin and Indiana there arc also
several suits begun — and if the plaint-
iffs develop sufticient stubbornness and
wealth, any of them raaj' land us in
the Supreme Courts of these States —
just where we want to try them ! !

It will take money to do it, but it is
the Supreme Court decisions that we
need, for they will do more to guar-
antee to bee-keepers their rights ^nd
privileges, than anything else !

We have some hundreds of dollars
in the Treasury for instant use when
needed, and when we get some thous-
ands (instead of hundreds) of dollars
there, we can lead our opponents on
to the Supreme Courts, and there gain
decisions which will be of more value
to us than any amount of monej-.

now TO BECOME MEMBERS.

As this Report will be sent to many
not members, but who should become
such, it may be well to say that the
entrance fee is 11.00, and that pays
for the Dues of any portion of the un-

tmrn JRMERIC3C1M mUM JOURNai,.

85T

expired Calendar year, endinjr Deo. 31.
Then it costs $1.00 for aiuiual dues.
whicli are payable every New Year's
day, and must be paid within si.\
montlis. in order to retain member-
ship.

If membership ceases, all claims
ngainst former members also cease ;
and all claims to the protection of the
Union are dissolved.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT.

Balance as rer last Keport *•"' VliS

Fees from .'iT3 members for 188U 3,;i.00

Donatious ■•'^0

ST3."i.l8
Disbursements ,};i 14 .00

Balance, Dec. 18. 1890 Sex'l.lS

Liabilities. — The Union has en-
gaged attorneys for the defense of
several cases, the cost for which will
have to be paid when they come up
for trial — so we shall have use for all
the money on liand and the dues for
the next year — as the cases are reached
on the Docket.

DUES AND ELECTION OF OFFICERS.

It now becomes my dnty to call for
11.00 for the coming year, as dues
from each member. A printed
Blank is to be used for that purpose ;
and also a Voting Blank. Fill up all
the blanks, and send to the Manager
with a postal note or money order for
$1 in the envelope sent Avith it. It must
be received by Feb. 1. 1891. or the
vote will be lost.

The General Manager has labored
without the hope of reward, except
such as comes from a consciousness of
having done his duty, and is fully pre-
pared to welcome his successor as soon
as elected.

Thomas G. Newman. Manager.
246 Madison Street, Chicago. Ills.

ROOTVILLE."

Some Gossip about the Root
Family at Medina. O.

Written for the American Bee Jvurnal

BY DR. C. C. MILLER.

We have had the younger "Root"
at our house. I captured him at Keo-
kuk, and took him home with me. He
got awaj' from us the next Monday,
but his visit was a rare pleasure while
it <lid last. He difters a good bit from
the senior. Lacking some of his
father's brilliancy, he is more even.
You do not have to watch him so
closely to see where he will turn up
next.

Althougli the junior, I am not sure
Vint he is the principal editor, of
(tleaningn. Each has his own individu-
ality, and a decided individuality it is.
They do not by any means always

think alike. Xotwithstanding the W(dl-
known brilliancy of the father in strik-
ing out in new directions, his long
experience acts as a brake sometimes
when new things come up. I should
be sorry indeed to have the daj' come
when the two sliould always think just
alike. The wonder to me is tliat there
is always such harmony of feeling in
s])ite of real difl'erences of opinion.
Perliaps it may be explained by the
fact that they are of the same age. for
A. I. has never grown old — inside.

I think tliat most of the readers of
Gh'rmings on meeting Ernest are some-
what surprised to see. not the immature
)"outh thej- had pictured to themselves,
but a man exceeding his father in
physical proportions, with full beard,
and a general appearance that leaves
you in doubt on which side of 30 to
place lam. In reality he is only 28
and after a married life of 5 3ears, he
still clings to the idea that his wife
was " a special lot," gotten up for his
particular happiness.

Mi's. A. 1. Root is one of the whole-
some, motherly sort, intenseh' devoted
to her home, with an almost painful
shrinking from publicity. Along with
the strong character that has helped to
make her husband what he is, she has
that pleasant ladylike manner that
enables her to grace, bj' her presence,
any assembly in which she appears.
Pity that she is so seldom seen at our
conventions !

Of the children, next to Ernest
comes Maud, the wife of J. T. Calvert.
a rather slender-looking lady, (juiet
and reserved in manner. Next to her,
and somewhat in contrast, comes Con-
stance— "Connie" for short. The
older readers of the Gleanings will
recognize in her, Mr. Root's •' Blue
Eyes" of former years. Plump in
figure, she has an impulsive nature
that will never allow her to be a nega-
tive character. She is IS. and is at
present at school at Oberlin.

Then comes one that I should say
might be a 12-year-old — Caddie, or
Carrie. She is a very quiet and sweet
little Christian woman, to whom, if
you do not fall in love with her at first
sight, a very slight acquaintance will
make you surrender at discretion. If
you resist everything else, her singing-
will charm you.

The youngest is 7 years old, Huber,
of whom Mr. Root often speaks,
mainl}', I suppose, because he is "the
baby." Left entirely t() himself. Huber
would hardlj- make a saint. He is not
an angel — just that healthy, active
•animal" that we call a boy — full of a
boy's ways, an example of perpetual
motion that you like to watch, to see
what he will do next. I can hardlj-
imagine him ever becoming just such
a cliaracter as his elder brother ; but

the infiuence of such a mother as he
has. is all powerful.

Mr. A. I. Root lives (J or 8 rods back
from the street, in a fine brick resi-
dence, too large. I should sa}-. to be
left in the hands of any one woman
who will persist in taking so much of
the care of it that should be delegated
to others. Across the street from Mr.
Root are 3 fine roomy yards. The
middle one is owned and occupied by
Mr. H. B. Harrington, who has reared
so many queens, and whose wife is a
sister of Mrs. A. I. Root. The other 2
houses belong to Ernest and Mr. Cal-
vert. Notwithstanding the youthful
look that is given to this latter gentle-
man by a complexion that any belle
might envy, he is brimful of business
energy, and is fast becoming, if he
has not already become, the chief
business-man of the concern.

When I commenced to write I did
not intend to go into all this gossip. I
intended merely to mention Ernest's
visit, and then talk about bees. But I
feel sure many will like to know just
the things about which I have written.

Marengo, 111.. Nov. 10, 1890.

^I.IJBBIIVCi LIST.

We CIiil> the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the LAST
column. The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order tor another paper or book:

Price of both. Club..
The American Bee Journal $1 00 —

and Gleanings in Bee-Culture.... 2 00.... 175

Bee-Keepers' Guide 150 — 140

Bee-Keepers' Review 2 00 — 175

TheApiculturist 175.... 165

Bee-Keepers' Advance 150 — 140

Canadian Bee Journal 2 00 ... 180

American Boe-Keeper 150 — 140

The 8 above-named papers 5 75 — 5 00

and Lang-stroth Revised (Dadant) 3 00 ... . 2 75
Cook's Manual (ISSTedition) 2 25.... '2 00
Quinby's New Bee-Keeping-. 2 50 — 2 25
Doolittle on Queen-Rearing. 2 00.... 175
Bees and Honey (Newman).. 2 00.... 1 7o
Binderfor Am.BeeJournal. 160 — 150
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (Cloth). 3 00.... 2 00
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25 ... . 2 10

Farmers Account Book 4 00 — 2 20

Western World Guide 1 50 — 1 30

Heddon's book, "Success.".. 150 — 140

A Year Among the Bees 150 1 3o

Convention Hand-Book 150. .. 130

Weekly Inter-Ocean 2 00 — 175

Toronto Globe (weekly) 2 00.... 170

History of National Society. 150 125

American Poultry Journal.. 2 25 — 150

The Lever (Temperance) 2 00 175

Orange Judd Farmer 2 00 ... 165

Farm. Field and Stockman.. 2 00 165

Prairie Farmer 2 00 — 1 65

l>o not send to us for sample copies
of any other papers. Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.

Handlius: Kces.— This is the title of
a nice pamphlet, containing 38 pages and a
cover, published by Chas. Dadant & Son.
It is a chapter from their book, Langstroth
Revised, and is an excellent thing for be-
ginners. Price, 8 cts. For sale at this ofBce.

858

T-HU MMEMieMH mMM JO'lOKIfSIr.

COWVENTIOIV DIKECTORY.

1891.
Jan. 7, 8.-

Time and place of mecttJig.

-Ontario, at St. Catharines. Ont.

W. Cuuse, Sec, Streetsville, Ont.

.Tan. 16, 17.— Indiana State, at Indianapolis, Ind.

Geo. C. Ttiompson, Sec.. Soutliport, Ind.

Jan. 22-24.— New Vork State, at Albany, N. Y.

Geo. H. Kniclierbocker. Sec, Pine Plains, N. Y.

Feb. 10, II.— Ohio State, at Toledo, o.

Miss Dema Bennett, Sec, Bedford, O.

May 7.— Susquehanna County, at Montrose, Pa.

H. M. Seeley. Sec, Hartord, Pa.

' In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested to forward full
particulars of the time and the place of
each future meeting.— The Editor.

is of Tery iine quality and is mostly from
Spanish-needle. We have never known
that honey to granulate so early in the
season as the present; scarcely ever does it
granulate before February or March. We
notice, in Oleanings, some talk about
Spanish-needles thriving only in marshy
places. We are in rolling prairie country,
and it is very dry, most of the time. But
never have the Spanish needles failed to
yield nectar here. We depend on that
source for our colonies to fill up, to carry
them through the Winter, and they winter
well on that kind of honey. When we have
rain during the time they bloom, we often
fail to get a good flow of nectar; and quite
often a cold spell sets in, which cuts us
short. We could hardly get along in this
locality without the Spanish-needles.

Jxo. Nebel & Son.
High Hill, Mo., Dec. 13, 1890.

North American Bee-Keepers' Association

President— P. H
Secretary— C. P.

Elwood. ..StarkviUe, N. Y.
Dudant Hamilton, Ills.

National Bee-Keepers' Union.

President— James Heddon ..Dowagiac, Mich.
Sec'y and Manager— T. G. Newman, Chicago.

J^ot very EnconraeinsT.

My experience in bee-keeping the past
season was not very encouraging to a
beginner. I commenced with 15 colonies.
1 caught 4 run-away swarms and now have
33 colonies in the cellar- I obtained from
them about 350 pounds of comb honey, of
good quality. I also had to feed nearly
150 pounds of sugar. I fed them until
each colony had at least 35 pounds of
stores. C. P. McKiNXON.

Bangor, Iowa, Dec. 15, 1890.

CSood tJrop lor a poor Season.

I got 1,000 pounds of comb honey from
32 colonies this season. It netted me over
$100, as poor as the season was. There
was very little white honey secured in this
section of the country. There was plenty
of white clover bloom, but no honey in it,
and but very little basswood. Bees had to
search around on anything that yielded
any sort of sweets. There was very little
swarming. On the %vhole, the farmers were
not the only ones that fared badly ; even
the industrious little bee had to come in for
its share this year. E. W. Cou.ncilman.

Newark Valley, N. Y., Dec. 7, 1890.

Re-Queening anJApiary.

This is my first season with bees. I
started in Spring with 3 colonies; increased
to 5, and took 150 pounds of comb honey.
It has been a poor season here for bees ;
there was a plenty of white clover, but
there was no honey in it. When is the
best time to re-queen an apiary;

S. G. KlI.GORE.

London, O., Dec. 13, 1890.

[When the honey-yield begins to cease, is
the best time to introduce alien queens,
though it may be done at almost any time,
during the Summer, should occasion require
it.— Ed.]

Qneenless Ueesii Buildins' Comb.

I wish to make a few additional remarks
concerning query No. 733, on page 661.
I know they will build drone comb on
worker foundation, every time, during a
flow of honey, if the bees are less than 15
days old. Practice and experience will
prove that a queenless colony will build
drone combs on worker foundation if you
place it in the center of the brood nest.
But queenless bees when 15 days old rarely,
if ever, build any combs at all ; yet they
will gather honey all the same. Bees less
than 15 days old "are those that build their
combs, and a queenless colony where there
is no brood, and over ten days old, if given
a comb of eggs cannot rear a perfect queen,
for they have lost the art of making royal
jelly. Bee keepers and poets came into the
world in the usual way. They are born
young, very young. Theyatfain perfection
by practical experience and then only
through persistent effort and many, many
failures. ^ '^ "'■-'-"

Buffalo, N. Y.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

CHICAGO, Nov. CB.— There is not the vol-
ume of trade usual at this season, yet prices
are without material change since last quota-
tions. Best lots of white honey in 1-pound
sections, brings 17(f7'18c; brown and dark,
slow, at uncertain prices. Extracted, 7(gi8o
per pound. Our stock is light, as to quantity,
but is kept well up to demand by daily re-
ceipts. Beeswax, '2^(0'28q,

K. A. BDKNETT, 161 S. Water St.

DENVER, COLO., Nov. 28.— First grade 1-lb.
sections, 16@18c. Supply exceeds the demand
at present. Beeswax, 25@28c.

J. M. CLARK COM. CO.. 1517 Blake St.

DETROIT, Dee. 13.— Comb honey in good
demand at lo®17c per lb. Extracted, 7®9c.
Beeswax, 27@28c.

M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch. Mich.

NEW YORK, Dec. 6.— We quote: Fancy 1-
Ibs., white, 16@17c.; 2-lba., white, 13@14c.
Off grades, 1-lbs., 13@l-tc.: 2-lbs., 12 cents.
Buckwheat, l-lbs., 12@13c.; 2-lbs., 11 cents.
Extracted, white clover and basswood, 8!4@9o
buckwheat, 6'^®7c.; California, 6U®'il4,<:.:
Southern, 63@70c per gallon. Market has
been inactive for weeks. Beeswax, 25@26c.
HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
28-30 West Broadway.

KANSAS CITY, MO., Dec. 13.— Comb and
extracted honey is not selling as fast as we
would like to see it. Market is quiet. We
quote 1-lh. white comb at 16@18c; 1-lb. dark,
12@14c; 2-lb. white, 14@15c; 2-lb. dark, 12(§>
13c; extracted, 6@7c. Beeswax, 2.5c.
CLEMONS, MASON & CO.,

Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.

CINCINNATL Dec. 20.— Demand Is good for
all kinds of honey, with a fair supply of all
but Southern honey. Choice comb honey
brings 18(ai20c a Ih, in the jobbing way. E.v-
traeted honey, 6@8c a lb.

Beeswax is in good demand at 24@26c., for
good to choice yellow. C. F. MUTH ic SON,
Corner Freeman & Central Aves.

J. W. Tefft.

Spanisli-i^eedle Hone}'.

The honey crop with us this season was
very poor; "in fact this part (E. C.I of the
state was more or less an entire failure.
Prospects in the early part of the season
were good, but when the drought came,
that ended the honey crop, as well as cut-
ting other crops short. The scarcity of
everything is creating a good demand, as
well as good prices. For the first time in
6 years we are getting 10 cents per pound
for extracted honey in a wholesale way,
and there is not much trouble to sell it at
that. What honey was secured this season

Xotal Failure of Itonej' Crop.

This has been the nearest to a total failure
of the honey crop ever known here. We
looked over our bees in October and pre-
pared about 150 colonies, so that we
thought they would winter well, but I now
think that a great portion will die before
Spring. The honey is all sour; we have
not had a pound of good honey this season.
We have no honey to eat, to say nothing
about any to sell. T. & E. E. Tuacv.

Nashua, Iowa, Dec. 18, 1890.

CHICAGO, Dec. 12. — New honey arriving
very slowly, demand active, and all receipts
are "taken promptly. We quote; White clover
1-lbs., ie@18o.; 2-lbs., 14@15c.; dark 1-lbs.,
ll(<Sl2c; 2-lbs., 9@10c. E.vtracted meets with
quick sale, values ranging from 6i4@7i4 cts.,
depending upon quality and style of package.
Beeswax, 28@30c.

S. T. fish & CO.. 189 S. Water St.

BOSTON, Dec. 20.— We quote fancy white
1-pound combs, 19@20c; fair to good, 18@.19c.
No 2-lb. combs in the market. Extracted, 7@
9e. No beeswax ou hand.

BLAKE & RIPLEY, 37 Chatham Street.

KANSAS CITY, Dec. 18.— Fancy white 1-lb.
comb, 18c: fair to good, 17c: dark 1-lb., 14@
15c; 2-lb. white comb, 15@16c; 2-lb. dark, 13®
14c; extracted, white. 7c; dark, 5@6c.

HAMBLIN & BEARSS, 514 Walnut St.

ALBANY, N. Y., Dec. 6, 1890.— The honey
market is quiet, but stock is light and prices
well sustained. We are selling white at 16®
20c; mixed. 14@15c; buckwheat, 13@14c.
Extracted, white, 8i2@10c; amber, 7@8c;
dark. 6@6';c. Beeswax, 28@30c.

H. R. WRIGHT, 326-328 Broadway.

Apiciiltural ICeadins: iUalter.

Although a subscriber to the American
Bee Journal and Glcnniiiijs in Bee-Cul-
ture, yet I am not satisfied, but want more.
I am pleased to learn that the Bee Journal
is to be enlarged during the coming year,
and hope that the addition of many new
subscribers will more than balance the in-
creased cost, labor and energy expended
in this new departure.

Latty, Ohio. Geo. W. Cook.

Supply Dealers, before issuing
their Catalogues for next season, should
write to us for terms on the Globe Bee- Veil.
We have sold over 1,200 within the past
year. They give universal satisfaction

Catarrh, Catarrhal Deafness, Hay-
Fever — A new home treatment whereby the
worst cases of these hitherto incurable dis-
eases are permanently cured by a few
simple applications made once in two
weeks by the patient at home. A circular
describing the new treatment is sent to
any applicant free on receipt of stamp to
pay postage by A. H. Dixon & Son, sole
proprietors,34;5 West King Street,Toronto,
Canada. 49 A 12Mtf

T-MM fEMEMICSM BEIE JQURNRIL.

859

Index to Vol. XXVI.

(^^ The Authors' names are given just
hefore the pages indicated, except what was
written by the Editor, discussions. Queries, or
matter selected from other periodicals.

Abnormal SwarminK. H Heurinfi,

Absconding swarme Rnbbins,

Acid in honey Millard,

Adulterating extracted honey . . -Robbins. ii44—

Miller

Adulteration of food and drugs

African bees on the rampage

Age of bees Doolittle.

Age when queens mate

Agricultural experiment station 645.

Ancient uses of honey Mulvany,

Ants. 531 Christie, l7:i— Pratt, 283— I^acy,

448 Cook,

Apiarian agnostic Clarke,

Apiarian questions.

Apicultural journalism Hutchinson,

Artificial honey and manufactured science

531 Pringle,

Asters, specimens of 715,

Astonishing figures

Australasian Bee Journal

Autumn and the bees (poem) Scott,

Autumn glories

Baboons eat honey 227

Bacon-beetle Fritts, 236

Barrels of honey 468

Basswood from the seed 396

Bee-cellar Root, 680

Bee-culture and bee-keeping Pringle. 87—

Millard, 279— Demaree. 328 Hilton. 473

Bee-diarrhea 8

Bee-escapes, 211, 227 — Tinker, l(p, 92— Crouley,
57— Slocum. 58— Dibbern,86. 148. 263. 433. 56^,
792— Hamilton, 92— Secor.l(>6— Compton, 18—
Reepe. 231. 294, 507— Moore. 243-CIarke,263—
Harrison, 276— Demaree, 328— Fritts. 331—

Drew, 401— Carver, 618 Shuck, 649

Bee-keeping as a business. 202... Taylor,

243 Tefft, 399

Bee-keeping for farmers Heater, 414

Bee-keeping with other pursuits. .Hilton,2n. 26—
Coverdale, 57 Weckesser, 86

Bee-Eebping in—

Arizona Miller, 571

Australia Shaw, 555

California, 202, 516 Wier, 199, 489— Mendle-

son.452 Wilson, 567

China 564

Connecticut Wheaton, 572

England, 179 Neve, 11

Florida Craycraft, lOt— Hart,

267 Alderman & Roberts. 667

France 499

Germany, 115,243 Roese, 71, 714

Ireland 291

Iowa Coverdale, 520— Dierduff, 522

Long Island Hawkins. .".23

Louisiana H age r,388— Brandt, 491— Carey, 5(i8

Maine Latham. 356

Minnesota Livingston, 31o. 473— Mclntvre,

371— Theilmann, 448, 602 Haskin, 5S5

Mississippi Tate. 370. 667

Missouri Marsh, 472

Nebraska Kincaid 219- Ryan, 332. 635,

715 Stolley, 603

New York Lindsey. 5711

New Zealand 396,499

North Carolina Beach. 388-GriflBth, 569

Ontario. Canada Lock wood, 571

Pennsylvania Jones. 808

Rhode Island 500, 724

Russia Roese, 3 1 1

Spain Roese. 199

Texas Douglass, 108— Aten, 218

Washington.Boeratler,261—AIIen,26 1— Martin, 2H4

West Virginia Holbert, J24— Kelley, 436

Wyoming. 76 Brundage, 300

Bee-keeping— its past and future Boardman, 327

Bee-Keepers' Union, 3, H3, 379, 5B3, 675, h91

.Syphrit. 9— Stalev. 56— Mason, 139—

Feazel,172—George,l87—Tefrt.4S8— Salisbury.

756 Newman, 778, 855

Bee-line 595

Bee-Uterature Syphrit, 9

Bee-maidens of France 565

Bee-periodicals, 729 Macpherson, hii

Bee-question 307

Bee-6paces. 259, 277 Taylor. 398— Drew, 400

Bee-stings Baldwin, l24~Stover. 187—

Morse, 188 Doohttle, 398

Bees and forests 323

Bees and fruit. 140.612 Watkins, 22— Webster,

1 96— Cushman, 291. 696, 712 Abbott, eon

Bees and crapes Abbott, 6oi

Bees and horticulture, 5 Abbott, 598

Bees and insects finding their way home 554

Bees and peaches Siockwell, .'i22

Bees and poultry Sherman, 614— Perry, 796

Bees as ornaments 323

Bees as pollen-carriers 324

Bees as ventilators 579

Bees as weather prophets 515

Bees die from stinging Cook, 61 2

Bees dying McFatridge. 371— Powell, 451

Bees dying in the cellar Parker, 1 [6— Miller, 116

Bees carrying honey below Mitchell. 763

Bees, flowers, and love ipoemj Fiske,

Bees in a church-spire

Bees in mcks

Bees lying out Robbins,

Bees must be fed or starve

Bees on trial Roese,

Bees under the bed

Beeswax 51, 139.

Beeswax recipes

Bees within the city limits. ,

Bees with loads of honey Doolittle,

Betsinger. N. N 443,

Better than expected

Biographical—

Rev. Dr. .John Dzierzon

R. F. Hi 'Hermann

Johann Heinrich llgen

Jan Swammerdam

, 501
, 100
, 428

Black and yellow bees Cook,

Bleaching beeswax

Bleaching honey Hachenberg.

Bloom failing to secrete nectar Wilson,

Bogus extracted honey

Bonanza bee-house

Bottom-boards, 23 Waldron, 29— Wooldridge.

Box-hives Frost, 796-Draper,

Boys and bees Harrison. 428— Rii hardson,

Brace-combs Peitit, 382— Root, 487.

680 Sherman,

Bricktop's experience with bees

Brood-combs Miller,

Brood-frames Hoot,

Brown bees (poem) Ey tinge,

Buckwheat honey Root,

Bumble-bees Parker, 236— Harrison.

Cage for mailing bees Trego,

('alifornia fruits and raisins Wier,

California honey crop 164. 275,

California honey-plants Watkins,

Canadians, not Americans 77 1,

Candy for bees

Carniolan bees, 429 Cook, 39-Schroeder. 43—

Adams, 91— Staininger, 88— Tolman, 106—
Afflerbaugh, 124— Andrews. 148— Morrison.
188— Pratt. 247, 584— Avery, 251— Watkins.
329, .'.53— Shuck, 48ft, 632— Fisher. 538— Robin-
son, 566. 807-Quigley, 636-Larch,65i— Black,

Caves for bees ..Bomberger, 619— Dibbern,

(Census year

Chaff and single walled hives, 37 Hoey, 93—

Kelly, 218— Doolittle. 243 Youngman,

Changing consistency of nectar

Chit-chat about bee-keeping Pratt,

Chloroforming bees Watkins, 22— Montague,

Christmas weather for bees

Clipping queens' wings, 709 Coverdale,

Closed end vs. hanging frames Root,

Cloth-base foundation Baker,

Clover as the national tlower

Cold winter predicted

Colony Dilworth,

Colonies, doubling up

Colors and markings of bees

Vandruff, 662 Demaree,

Columbian Fair 773. 788,

Comb and extracted honey in the same

apiary Cutting,

Comb-foundation. 24. 2.'...neddon,4l.202— Secor.

Comb-foundaiion in sections Baldridge,

Comb-foundation on wired frames 68,

Comb-honey. 120, 297. 323., Stone, 366— Gemmill,

504 Coverdale.

Combs

Combs- empty; Davis.

Combs for extracting

Composition of honey McKight.

Cones for bee-escapes Hamilton, 92— Tinker,

Cones of honey

Contracting brood-chamber

CONVENTIONS WilsOn, 444r-R00t.

Capital (Ills.) Yocom, 365.

Colorado

Cortland Union (N. Y.) Fairbanks.

Eastern Iowa Coverdale,

Indiana

International. 4, 21 ,79 741 Dadant, 68. 693,

709, 7.57, 773. 794— McKnight, 83— Larrabee.

694- Clarke, 761 Harrison.

Haldimand (Ont.) Campbell. 282,

Ionia Co. (Mich.) Smith. 355,

Iowa Secor,

Mich igan . . . .Cutting, 22— Cook, 6 1 1— Hunt, 755.

Hilton

Missouri Rouse, 385,

New York 67, 1 20.

North CarolinH

Northeastern Michigan ,

Northern Illinois

Ohio Mason, 163, Bennett. 280,

Southwestern Wisconsin Pike, n4. 613,

Susquehanna Co. (Pa.) Seeley,349,

Texas Hunter,

Union. 730 Wallace,

Vermont

Westmoreland Co. (Pa) Row.

Wisconsin Vance,

843
727
380

382
213

72

523

4

649

679

28

36
675

84
763

710
803

281
774
144
197

793
4H6
789
7
431
92
271
397

647

682
89
3«1
266

Cooling the bee-cellar Mason, 36— Axtell,

Corn palace of Sioux City

Cotton for winter covering

Cough and cold remedy

Creston (Iowa) fair

Crystallized honey Hachenberg. 52- Clark,

Cuckoo-bees

Cupboard bee-hives Millard,

Curing honey Hachenberg, 52— Pray, 570

Cyclone in Kentucky.. Drane, 253,275— Demaree, 32S
Cyprian bees Cook. 40

Dampness in hives Finke, 73

Dandelions in mid-winter 35

Davenport ilowa) fair Palmer. 7«X>

Dead bees in cellar wlnterhtg 4iii>

Dead hrond Serake, .VJ4

Dead brood in the hives Dierdorff, 436

DEATH Notices-

Capt. II. Chapman 250

(). W. Childs 4tiH

George Henderson 9»

Mrs. B W. Peck 179

W. Richter 2.59

RoIIieRyan Hll

8. B. Ryder 427

Mrs. D. C. Spencer 343

Miss A. B.Stone 4*^3

Decamping swarms » 3'>0

Detroit fair 467. 532. .-.95. «27

Digested nectar.. Marsh. 9— Kanzler.7n— Dadant.

1113— Jones, 107— Millard. 124. ihw— McKinney.

1H2— Cray craft. l9.VYoungman,2.*.i>—\Vier,33u,

Directory of writers

Discoveries in bee-culture

Diseased bees Sapp.

Distance necessary tn keep bees pure

Distinguishing pure Itahan bees

Dittv for convention Pratt,

Dividing for increase Benedict,

Divisible brood-chamber Comptnn,

Do uueenless colonies gather pollen?

Doolittles apiary Root>

Double-walled vs. single-walled hives — Tinker,

73, 181 Benton,

Drone and queen traps Alley.

Drone-comb built by queenless colonies

Drones Parker. 66 1— Carpenter. 8* '6-Davi8.

Drouth and its etfects Uarnsun,

Eating eggs of bees

Edieweiss of the Alps (poemt

Effect of hone V Cheshire,

Egg-shell honey package Harmer.

Eggs in queen-cells IjHtham. 8- Pratt,

Eggs of bees

Eiwood's (P. H.t home and apiary

Empty hives in the woods Wheaton.

Enameled cloth .32.5,

Entrance to chaff hives Gere.

Kntrances to sections ■■.•■ —

Episode, an ..bisher.

Equalizing brood. 23 Dihbern.

Examining colonies in spring Young.

Excluders. 23 Demaree,

Exhibit at World's fair Mason.

Expanding or contractingtoget the most honey.

Experience in bee-keeping. . . . Kosser, 29-Pyfer.
11-17— Adamson. 251-Crandall.2,V2->mith, 282
Marshall, 79 1 Moore.

Experience with bees. . .-Daggett. 1 1— Myers. 59,
Benham, 60— Cas^a^iav. 107— Dobson, 3.>6—
Bittenbender, 596-Dickson. 603-Auringer.
652 Minthorn.

Experiments in bee-keeping ■ -^^Id.^

Extracted honey. 165, 21 1. 369. .Woodward, S.Sb
—Petty, 37— Hachenberg. 52— Miller. 10-.—
Inman, 107— Demaree, 117 Shuck, 142—
Latham. 166-Funk. 198— Hariison.2l7— Hed-
don, 233— Besse. 246— Watkins.279— Bingham^
3.Mi-Clark. 402-McKnight, 431-Dayton. 44r.
— CulUnan. 490 Wilicms.

Extracting honev, 413. 483. . .Watkins, 22— Petty,
38— Hachenberg, 52— Porter, 69— Bunk, 198—
George. 252 Casbon. 3.16— Doolittle,

Extractor and its use «r^,^'^^'

Extractors and extracting. 296 Walker.

Fair exhibits Watkins, 22-Harrison.

Falltlowers CuUinan,

Fall honey— none secured ■ — ■ — •■

Fall work in the apiary Stockwell.

Fastening bees in hives

Fastening foundation ■ • • ■ ■

Fastening bottom-boards J^-?^ '

Feed for winter stores Dibbern,

Feeders for bees Leonard. 44—

Heddon. 277. 385 Yuungman.

Feeding back honey Dayton. 666-Demaree.

Feeding bees, 267 Sword. 661— Pouder, b75—

Woodworth.6H4r-.. Demaree, 711-' iishman.
Feeding bees in spring... Abbott. 473— Cushman,

Feeding to forward storing • ■

Fifty vears' progress ■ . ■ .Newman,

Figs of Thistles i poem ) Shamburger,

Finding queens, 23. . ... ..... ... ........... . ■ -/J "^ o,^'

Fire. . . . Barker, 139-Cook, 27o -Lewis & Co.. 275

Fish, 316 Wilson,

Fixed vs. hanging frames • • • • -ii: ■ • *

Floods and snow watsins,

Flower-feast

Flowers and odors

Folding one-piece sections • ■•

Foul-brood. 123. 267. 443. 517. 67«. 75.i. 804

Taylor, 54-BarcIay.9<«-Sage. 292- Robmson,

326. 518. 726. 8((7-Cook. 350 Pond. 38d—

Clarke, .->47-Frith. 55i-Schaetfle, 58«-Prm-
gle. 597, 762. 796-Draper. 7(»0-McEvoy. 807,

854— Koeppen, hoh _; Jones.

Foul-brood inspectors o'^^J'^IV

Foul-broody hives sieoom.

Foundation in sei tions

Foxes and skunks molesting bees

Fractional currency f^" V-iiia'

Frames vs. box-hives uooiiciie.

Frame-covers Gradens,

Frame-covering for winter ■■•

Frames ( Hoffman i Mansperger.

Frames for extracting ■■-• ■•■

Frames— wide or narrow ■i^'^""'

Fraud i F. Andrews) Weage,

Fruit-trees and insect pests Richmond,

Full heighth of cells ■•

Full sections of honey, 85 Rogers.

Fumes of sulphur ;,■;;,• •■',"■

Fumigating coml>-honey Baldnage,

489
364
•25»
-S^d

MV2

261
2.'.1

267
1H4

78X

tin;

219-

2ti-*
661
811
.-,82-

228

.5

3t8

19

64rt

R17
31'i
837"
634
245
826
363
3r>6
328
7.-.7
."^53

68+
537

853
38
316

615
732-
681
297
349
IH.-,
631

353
678

724
724
486
741
413

659
775

SOT
260

822
626

20
6
380
212-
141
266
821
796
629
141
803
253
692

75
707
145.

860

Tmm mmtmrniGMn mmm j©uki«mi*.

Gardening for women Redding,

Gteruian bees Cuok.

Ixeiting bees uiU ot supers, 7 H»nde!.

Getting read y for the season Pratt,

Glandular system of bees Millard,

Golden bee-hive Cook,

Golden bees and quiet groves Bungay,

Golden-rod and bees

Gulden-rod honey Robinson,

Golden-rod (poemi Sherman,

Good honey crop

Grafting and grafting- wax

Granulation of extracted-honey...Demaree, 117

— England, 18k Holtermann,

Grapes and bees in California Kabel

Hammock— ma king of , Livingston,

Heat of hatching Abbott.

Heating honey Hachenberg,

Heavenly visitor laerolite) Secor.

Help by our societies France,

Help in the apiary Dibbern,

Hints to beginners l>oolittle, 347-Snider,

Hive covers Liehty,

Hive construction.etc.Smith&Smitfa.isie— Pratt,
Hive -entrances . ...Dilworth, 84--De Groff, i-'^H—

Benton. 219 Clark

Hives for coujb-huney Bunch. 7ri—

Campbell, 43t5 Tinker.

Uivfcs trom the cellar-bottom

Hives in the cellar Scoles

Hives— large vs. small liama'

Hives-long Blanken.

Hives— not all in them Doolittle,

Hiving swarms Watkins, 22—

* halmers, I2i Harrison,

Honey and bee-shnws (Utah)

Honey as ancient medicine '.'.'..'.

Honey as an eye water

Honey as food 'Harrison,

Honey as food and medicine, 55ii, 724,. .

Uoese, 186 Pratt,

Honey-boards, 445 Jones

Honey-candy '. , '

Honey-comb in the stomach .!.!.. ..Heiidon

Honey-crop in Australia Jones,

Honey-crop next year

Honey-crop- requisites necessary.'..*.. V... Cook

Honey-dew, 212. ;i64, 419. sue VVatkins 41 —

-rr Tyrrel. 2fio-Barber, 27.5-Latham,3ia-Kelly,

Koney, different kinds of

Honey fur catarrh

Honey for dyspeptics ' .'.

Honey for la grippe. 35,99,212 .'.'.* Mason.

Honey from cappings .*.

Uoney-lruit-cake .....'.

Honey-house for the apiary. ..'.'.'..'."'"."/'MiiJe'r

Honey in a church roof

Honey instead i.f swarms "'.

Honey in the pyramids ..." Mover

Boney-moon '

Honey on the skin '.'.''.'.''.■■'.Stroug,

Honey-plants Ca88a'^ay. 43-Demaree.88-

Miller, 2i4-BulI, 294-Russell,35.->-Newman.

,1 ^-^^ ■■■■:: Carpenter,

Honey production

Honey recipes

Honey secretion *

Honey shower .'

Honey thief

Ho n e y- V i negar, 516 '. . /.V.".'. ".'.".'VFaVk ins".

Honey whiter now Muth

Horses and bees '

Horses stung by bees '.".!!".!cushmg.

Hosts of sweet ghosts

House for apiaries, 229 ......... "."knigbt

How long from a capped cell until the queeii
lays ?

How uftendo bees eat?. ..'.'.'.'.'..*'.'.".*.'.','.'." '^mi'ih*

Humbugs and falsehoods '" '

Hunting bee-trees. 412 " "siayVon'

gunungwild bees Johnson',

Hybrid bees Root.

Hybrid clover Frey,

Illinois State Fair 707 7-»8 8-'8

Imitation comb-honey .', ' "'' ~ '

Improvements in bee-keeping

Improving the race of bees !"."

DnolittIe,5Mi * ■ 'i)ibhern

Increase 118,837 Sawyer. 183.-

Benedict. 267 Keen

Increase and honey-tiow '....'" Miller

Incorporation of National Bee-Keepers" Union'

Indiana State Fair (57.-,, 7n>{'

Instinct or reason— which guides bees? Mulvany'

Insuring bees Plumb, 8U--E:istwood

Inventions yet undiscovered Dibbern

Italian bees, 261,804 Cook 4o~

Staininger, «8 ' Avery

Italians and hybrids— which pre'ferahle f<)r

honey ?

Introducing queens. 203, 449. 629..''CooYey'->5H—

Bunch. y83-Tinker. 414, 614~Fisher; 5o7-

Pratt. 665 — Doolittle. 694 — Demaree, 711 —

Kilgore jH5^

Invertible brood-frame .Clark", 2<>4

Jamaica exhibition in 1891 Magnan 196

Japan exliibition ' .jW

J une morning ( poem> .'.'.".'.'.'.Smith, 397

Killing bees to get honey and wax, 580 Roese, 567

Killing bees to prevent increase Davis •»i6

Kind of bees Stone. :i66

King-bees Rogers. 75

Labels on tin 395

Lady?* apiarian exhibit !." 660

Lake Pepin disaster Roese. 5(>f>. .156—

Benhjim,5i« VVilson, 555

JLangstrotb lUev. L. L.) 139. 411. 427, 643

Langstroth hive 229

Large and strong colonies, .585 Tinker, 4*>4

l-arge honey-yields Watkins, 22

Large vs. small hives Millard. 279— Latham,

313— King, 316— Dadant, 325, 550— Fisher, 265.

438— Doolittle, 215. 5U3. 630 Barney, 311

liarva; and sealed brood, lUi Cowan. 534

Late swarms Doolittle. 446

Learning the bee-business Axtell, 618

Lecture on fraud Harrison, 165

Lessons in apiculture 548

Liquefying honey Stephens, 811

Little honey on the market 732

" Little queen " 755

Living on ijollen 429

Locating a queen after dividing H77

Locating an apiary Main, 827

Locating hives by bees Doolittle, r>20

Loss in winter Benham, 315— Voungman, 3H3

Love among the clover < poem ) Peck, 429

Mailing bees, 676 Robinson, 234— Bennett, 418

Management of bees.-.Gunn, 187— Russell, 354—

Harrison, 539 Bomberger, 586

Manufactured comb-honey, 3 Compton, 483

ftlany banded bees Taylor, 39h

March i poemi 214

Marth bee-notes Hicks, 201

Markethig honey, 24, 120, 635 Woodward, 9—

Hachenberg. 53—* 'rouley. 57— Porter, 69—
Staininger.88— A tflerbaugh, 124— Latham. 166

— Graves, 248-Robbins.367— HoUermann,4i2

-Moore. 471-Cook, 499- Young, 5i>u— Couse,

537— Damaree, 677 Tefft, 695

Mating Oi queens. , 017

Meat three times a day 19.'>

Medicinal properties of honey Hachenberg 53

Members of bee-societies Devinney, 143

Mesh in wire-cloth 697

Mexican bees. Vanderpool, 444

Mice in bee-cellar, 755, 821 — Cassadav, 236 —

Replogle, '^.iS Dibbern, 855

Migratory bee-keeping, 629 Baldrldge. 1 45 -

Ehl.219 Walker, 282

Milk and honey 755. 8.^2

Mine of honey Applegate, 563

Missouri statistics Rouse, k28

Mites on birds and chickens — Keyes, 2M4, 565

Moditled nectar Dadant, 103

Morning vision (poem) Vose, 381

Moth-worms 486, 644

Moving bees Batdridge, 144— Wilson, 260-

Cook, 323— Craytraft, 3'*7—B]ain. 739— Taylor. 78(.»

Moving bees to new pasture Bittenbender, 588

Musical telegraphy 628

Mysteries of the bee-hive Kinsel, 556

My ovpn bees (poem) 613

National flower 291

Nationalism in the hive Pratt, 2CH>

Natural swarming 181

Nature in August (poemt S-*!

Nature's original package Wilcox, 645

Nature's sweet Harrison, 312

Nebraska honey exhibit Heater, 664

Nectar Hambaugh, 370— Bull, 810

NEW BOOKS, PAMPHLETS. ETC.—

Bee-keeping for profit 379

Common-sense bee-keeping 259

First principles of progressive bee-culture 427

Knowledge. 427

Pratt's new system of nuclei management 275

Queen restrictor — 243

Ram's horn 259

North American bee-keepers' association 819

Number of cells to the Inch Taylor, 313,

398 Miller, 365, 433

Odd notions about bees 820

Old colonies of bees Barb, 357

Onion honey Voungman, 172

( trange-blossomhoney.SHO Crutcher,644— Fisher, 695

Ordering bee supplies, 470 Livingston, 503

Ordering queens 507

Order of the honey-bee 531

Oriental bees 7om

Oswalt's ex-pupils reunion 243

Out-apiaries, 171 Hains, 3><6

()verstocking a locality 202

Packages for extracting honey

Porter. 70 Watkins, 280

Packing bees for winter 710

Painting hives, 6'/, 228 Theilmann, 217—

Staininger. 20<_i — Backensto, 327— Dibbern,

363, Cook, 260 Harrison, 808

Paper-cuttings for packing bees 613

Paris exposition awarJs... 212

Passing of winter (poem) 324

Paste for honey-labels 4

Pastcrage for Bees, 147, Graves, .5O6— Miller.

214— Stone. 366 Newman, 434

Alfalfa. 202. 323, 613, 723, H3tt Whiting. 12-

Duncan,28 Watkins, 842

Alsike clover, 24, 202. 369 Palmer, 75— Cory,

107— Bunch, 236— Robinson. 400— Cassaday,

492 Knight, 732

Astpr... .Christie. IHO— Bull. 295— Spencer. 661

— Cullinan.70<t— MeCreery, 715 Clark, 763

Basswood, 202, 296, 3H6. TiOH Voungman,

IIH— Compton, 184- Cutting. 24— Livingston,

473 Harrison, 505

Buckwheat, 25 Potter, 2h— Stewart, 450

Catnip Bull, 295

Chaparrall Watkins, 22

Clematis Christie, ik(i

Cleome, 620 Bull, 295

i 'otton : . . . Beach, 603— McDaniel, 796

Flax Farrington, 140

Florida ( "rutcher, 793

Golden-rod, 443,581.660. .Syphrit. 9— Marsh, 9—
McCormick,ll—Hager.l2 -Boyd. 12— Duncan,
28— Kelley. 29 — Roese, 42 - Reeves, 58. 331 —
(_ouncilinan, 71— Hines, 75— Harrison, 92—

Jones, 92— Allison, 106— Purvis. 106— Goff. 108
Boyd. 108— Youngraan.119— Rowe. 124— Tarr,
147— Moore, 148— Christie. 180— Bull. 29.5—
Timpe,4l3— Lee, .539— Manley. 563— Gere, 634
—Leach, 662— Rider ,700— Demaree,7i l— Tettt, 732

Heart's-ease Trego, 620

Hemp Farrington, 140

Japan Clover Barker, 808— Stanley, 844

Japanese buckwheat Youngman, l"7—

Eaglesfleld, 371 Bunch, 716

Melissa Tyrrel, 70o, 707

Mountain mint 636

New Jersey tea 491

Orangebloom Fisher, 695

Pea vine clover Newman, 435

Pond lilies Reynolds, 5S7, 651

Raspberry 612

Red clover Gween, 723

Sanfoin Watkins, 22

Simpson honey plant Bull, 295

Sneeze-weed Cullinan, 71R)

t-panish-needle, 748 liams. 652— Nebel, 858

Spider-plant Bull, 294- Whiting. 12

Squaw- weed Wellman, 20

Suntiower liams. 652

Sweet clover, 196, 298 Gravenor, 44—

Bull, 295 Dibbern, 584

Teasel. 580 Goodspeed, 660— Demaree, 7io

Vervains 630

"White aster Reeves, 58

White clover 196. 628

White daisy Councilman, 71— Harrington, 684

White sage 227

White rice Reynolds, 587

Yellow jessamine Crutcher, 164

Patents on bee-tlxtures 468

Pause and think i poemi 212

Pennyroyal 764

Poisoning bees Campbell, 379— Clarke, 467

Pollen-carriers 324

Pollen in sections 7

Postage on merchandise 395

Practical and practicable Robbius, 84

Premiums at lairs 468, 486, 547

Preparing bees for winter, 635..., :Pearce, 55—
Elliott, 249— Carver. 278— Brose, 612-King,

619 Anderson, 644

Prevention of swarming — 7, 116, 197, 266, .549 —
Hecidon, 203- Davis. 216— Miller, 293— Doo-
little. 3y-(-Tefft, 651 Dart. 855

Prize essays 1^. 35

Profit and pleasure in bee-keeping — Harrison, 146

Progress in apiculture Teflft, 636

Propolis and its use 9*

Propolis or bee-glue on hands 309

Proverbs for bee-keepera Kelley, 449

Pure bees 6x

Purifying casks for honey 5

Pursuit of bee-keeping. 691 Sherman, 7l 2

Putting bees into tne cellar Miller, 146—

Goodell, 252 Herrick, 2<.vt, 387

Putting on sections Watkins, 22

Puttingon surplus stories Funk. 198— Law, 371

Queen-cages Pratt, 41— Wallace, 67

Queen-cells Dadant, 74, 85— Doolittle.

430 Marsh, 472

Queen-excluder, 245, 397. 445 Tinker, 447

Queenless colonies. 7, 661, 7iO Harrison.

678— KnautZ. 820 Tefft, 858

Queen-rearing. 100, 120.449. Bunch.S-O— Bennett, 416

Queen restrictor Dayton, 790

Queens Watkins. 22— Fife, 103— Russell. 355,

Doolittle, 430. 694 Harrison, 728

Queens in the spring Wilcox, a76

Queens laying in the fall .■■ 739

Queen's return to a hive— with clipped winga — 725

Queen-traps 25

Questions 5**7

Races of bees, 121, 123 ....Cook. 39—

Fife, 103 Robinson, 384

Re-queening colonies 197

Requisites for a honey-crop Xook, 776

Reversing combs, 296 Fowls, 521

Reversible frames, 163 Huntley, 200-

Clark, 204... Kemp, 555

Reversible hives Blanchard, 357

Rhode Island, 724 Jenks. 806

Rhode Island State fair 692, 708

Hightsof bees to exist 307

Ripening and re-liquefving extracted-honey,165

Latham, I60— Theilmann, 250— Clark, 402

Robbing bees. 227.... Morrison, 188— Henderson,

lri(^_Harrison, 449-Abbott, 473 Cullinan, 634

Root family, gossip about Miller, 857

283

180
252
707
677
711
235

Salt for ridding ant« Pratt,

Salve recipes -• 100,

Salve for piles Woodman.

Season in England

Season of 1890 Demaree,

Season— past and future Hilton,

Section-cases, 396 Doolittle, 102— Travis,

Sections tilled tlush to the edge, 21 Losee,

r.9 Rogers,

Sections with the honey removed

Selecting a home before swarming.... Doolittle,

Selecting and buying bees Doolittle,

Separating 8 warms Watkins,

Separators. 25, loi Miller, 146-Isham.

September (poem) Schenck,

September and the bees (poem) Dole.

Shading hives

Shipping bees

Shipping comb-honey v/;;""

Shipping-crates, '^7 Muth, 211, 214— Miller,

Should any person keep bees?

Side-storing hives

Sign-boards on farms,

Sign of progress Emery,

Silk paper in hives

Silver wedding (Cutting's).

Size of frames and hives

75

116
310
853
22
167
596
664
369
I4Jt
297
264
385

363
228
693
691
36a

THIS MIVKSMIC'Jtlf mMM JOU'RNAIL.

861

m*-^*^--*^^^-'

^L*^^^.^ T: -^-^^ * ^■.*- ^-*^'-^*-^*-^-*^*^

Skunks in tbe apiary 532

Space, bees will not till with wax , ... 3H5

Spacing and inverting frames..

Harmer, -219 Pluramer, 252

Spacing combs Faylor. 313, 308, 552— Miller,

365, 433-Pond. aya— Shuck. 4l3~King, 588—

Doulitile 487

Speed of bees 83

Spiders in tbe apiary 576

Song of bees and summer (poem) 501

Song of long ago (poem) Riley, 597

Song of the bee (poem) 630

Sour honey Reynolds, 651

Sprav from Hying bees rook, 284

Spraying trees, 292 Freeborn, 53— Robertson,

179— Abbott. 231 —Richmond, 253 — Gere.

369 Huff, 708

Spreading the frames 51

Spring dwindling 776

Springfield (Ills.) exposition 549

Spring management of bees Doolittle, 23—

Latham. 182— Hilton. 299 Cook, 347

Standard apiarian articles Emery, 490

Standard implements Tefft. 268

Starters in sections, 25 Miller, 146

StatiettcB of bee-keeping, 396, 499, 515, 579. 660,

709 Burnet, 698

Stinging qualities of bees Doolittle, 3h7

Stonng extracted-honey. . .Gould, 329- Watkins. H27

Strange, sad and sweet (poem) Campbell, 167

Straining extracted honey Inman, io7

Strong colonies Watkins, 22

Sugar syrup Stockwell, 826

Supers, 229. . . . Baldridge, 232— Bull, 278— Hilton,

284— Gould. 329 McDonald, 240

Superseding queens .....Cfouley, 252

Swarm hiving basket Gould. 329

Swarm-hivers... Alley, 27, 105, 22(), 3.13— Stout, 58
— Sewell,59-Stephens. 70— Dibble, 72, 233—
Sbiber. li4— Tolman, 107— Lacy, 170,449.6J14—
Alves. 215— Harmer, 230— Clarke, 263--Dem-

aree. 328 Carver, 403

Swarming, 116, lis, 181, 197,259.309,369,396.531,
549- Watkins, 22— Rosebrough, 29— (^over-
dale.169— Heddon,2 3— Benedirt.267— Clover,
44 Doolittle. 3U>— Robbins, 381— Harriaon.

474— France. 806 Carlzen, 828

Swarming, influence of drones 740

Swarming without much brood or any queen-
cells .501

Swarm returning to old hive 772

Swarms in October 709

Swarms wiibout drones Kinsel, 7H0

Sweet sycamore bee-tree I4t)

Symptoms of diseased bees Petty, 284

Syracuse honey-market Doolittle. 3iu

Syrian bees. .Cook, 40— Doolittle, 666— Demaree, 711

Taking off surplus honey Hine, 549

Tally tor surplus honey-chamber Stewart, 1^5

Tariff on honey .In Canada 275

Tastes of sweetness (poem) 5(i8

Taxing bees Tracy, 92— Olney, 99

Temperature of bee-cellars, 25 Abbott, 184

Temperature of December Bates, 74

Temper ol bees Bomberger, 586

Testing beeswax 629

Thanksgiving 772

Toads and bees Miller, 499

Top-bars Dilworth, 84— Coverdale, I69~

Heddon. 220 Clarke, 262

Toronto (Ont.) bee and honey exhibit

Holtermann, 648

Toronto industrial exhibition 596

Transferring bees. 197, 50() Bunch. 236—

Cargill, 25y— Petty. 2«5 Anderson, 316

Trees for shade and honey 276

Trembling or nameless disease Baldwin. 124

—Marsh, 347— Barber, 347— Jones, .523— Allen,

„ 549 Bull, 582

T-super and comb-honey Baldridge, 145

Two queens in ahive 645

Two swarms on one tree Smith, 764

Uncapped honey absorbing poison from bees'

breath 517

Unfinished sections, 7 Crouley, 57

Uniting colonies, 740 Bennett, 419— Graves,

5<-»6— CuUinan, 633— Knowles, 661. ..Doolittle, 694

Ventilating hives Tinker, 73— De Groff. 188—

Benton. 219 — Tefft. 488 — Harrison. 505-

Goldsborough, 663 Collins, 811

Vienna congress 2H((

Visit to DadHnts apiary : '.., 75.",

Visiting apiarists. . . Youngman, 172— Clarke. 262
— MiUer. 506— Teflt. 568-Root, 616- Pratt,

„ .681 Dibbern, 727

Voice of hope (poem) V ore, 369

Water for bees 298

Wax extractors Gould, 329

Weather prophets. 244 Blake. 195

Weight of sections when selling honey 533

Welcome to the honey-bee (poemi fioi

Weygandt's bee-lectures. 428 Roese, 1 99

What ailed tbe bees ? ElUngwood. 220,

3 1 6. 357 Petty, 284

What I aon't know Miller' 759

What Is a nucleus? 8-'0

Which shall it be? (poem) Rich,* 6

White honey and fall honey 5fi.-), 714

Wbite red-clover Armstrong, 539

Wide frames Doolittle, 102— Caldwell, 184—

Miller. 330 Lacy. 263

Width of sections 6

Width of top-bars 045

Wilev lie about honey .'PrVngie. 308

Wind-breaks for the apiary 563

Winter covering Tolebroton, 828

Winter work Dibbern, 855

Wiring frames 3g9

Woman's experience with bees .!!.Kenrick"6(>^

Aunt Mary. 383 Clover, 415

Women In the apiary 281

Wintering bees. 266 Harrison, 8, 24.51—

Pearce, 5'.— Bunch, 187— Klliott. 24'.t Clarke,
2(i2— Tyrrel. 264— Carver, "JTs— SIii vt'in, 357.
6Jl^-Eaton, 4oi-Roese. 4,'.l - Dnipi-r. 683-
Benjarain. 728-Dayton, 7I(>— Zillmer. 792—

^ovice, 820

Wonderful weaver (poem) 2' -3

Wood-zinc honey-boards 44.'i

Worker-bee theory Pringle. ii'>i*

Worker-cells— correct size M iller. 433

Working bees in the garden Stockwell, 650

Work in the apiary Demaree, 677

Working to get the best results Doolittle. 469

World's fair exhibit, 307 Compton. ih4—

Pond. 276 Mapon, 348

Worms in hives McLeddon, 420

Yesterday is past (poem) 1h5

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Aerolite, found in Winnebago Co., loa. 396

Alfalfa and its long roots 836

Alley's self-hiving arrangement 27

Alley's swarm-hivers 354

Apiary of Mrs. Martha Anderson 5

Automatic swarm-hiver 634

Brood-combs reversed 521

California raisins and vineyard.. 664, 565
Creston (Iowa) blue-grass palace. ..... 548

Detroit fair and exposition 532

Dibbern bee-escape 86

Dzierzon, Rev. Dr. John 50

Globe bee-veil in assuring sleep 628

Holtermann, R. P 100

Huntley's reversible frame 200

Ilgen, Johann Heinrich (author and

teacher) 428

Lacy's automatic swarm hiver 170

Poorman's Langstroth hive 186

Queen restrictor of W. C. Dayton 790

Reese's bee-escape 231

Russell's bee-escape 211

Sioux City corn palace 564

Swammerdam, Jan 646

Teasel for honey 580, 660

CORRESPONDENTS.

Abbott. Bev. E. T. ."i98
Abbott, L. F. 1W4. 231,235,

472
Adams. Willie C. 91
Adamson, Ira, 2il
Addenbrooke. W. 28, 259
Adolphson. G. 692
Afflerbaugh, N. W. 124
Alderman & Roberts, 667
Allen, A. C. 261
Allen, E. F. 549
Allen. Stella A. 613
Alley, Henry, 27, 105, 220,

236, 26S. 3i3, 491
Allison. Mathew. I(>6
Alton. A. M. H2
Alves, G.M. 215
Anderson, Thos. A. 316,

644

Anderson, Wm. 148
Anderson. Rev. "Wm. 523
Andrews. J(»hn, 148
Applegate, H. T. .563
Armstrong. J. C. 443, 539
Arnold, H. H. 93
Arnold, I. N. 755
Ashby, G. H. 3. 76
Aten, A. C. 218
Aunt Mary, 383
Auringer, Geo. II. 300,652
Avery, Joiln B. 251
Axtell, Mrs. L. C. 43, 618

Backensto. W. Ij. 327
Baker, O. W. 371
Baker, W. Johnson 28
Baldridge, M. M. 145, 232
Baldwin, A. Y..524
Baldwin, B. T. 124
Baldwin, G. G. 491
Baldwin, T.J. 235
Banning, J.G. HU
Barb, J. S. 12,357
Barclay, Wm.S. 90
Barber, CD. 404,684
Barber, C. J. 347
Barber, H. D. 821
Barber, Ira, 275
Barker. D. E. 809
Barnes, J. A. 371

Barney. M.U 311
Barnliart, Samuel 252
Barnum, Will M. 371, 41 1,

Barrows, O. B. 780
Bates, P J. 74
Battey, C. D. 44
Bayard. J. W. 7
Beach, A. L. 38K, 603

Beal, W. J. 696
BecktoW, J. C. 644
Bell. J. C. 74
Benedict, Aaron, 267
Benham, G. N. 60, 315,516
Benjamin, B, 7-'8
Bennett. Mits Dema, 280,

2d6, 416

Benton, Byron. 219
Besse. Dr. H. 246
BiuKham, T. F. 350
Bittenbender, J, W. 588,

596
Black, John B. 843
Black, S, N, 4u4
Blain, J. 739
Blake, Prof. C.C.I 95
Blanchard, J. 357
Hlanken, Jno. H. 796
Bleasdale. B. F. 204
Blodget, John. 58, 764
Boardman, H. R, 326
Boersller, John, 261, 268,

475, 844
Bolt, Cbas.W. .597
Bomberger, W. M. 550,

586, 619
Bott, Fred, 540
Boyd, B.C. 12, 108
Brandt. A. 491
Braentigam, H. 723
Breed, J . E. 2.s, 436
Brickey, Peter, 2.'>3
Brokaw. Lionel, 60
Brose, Prof. C. 612
Brown, B. B. 539, 716, 820
Brown, H. G. 124
Brundage, Thos. B. 76
Bui hanoni Bro., J. W. 356
Bull, Joshua, 27is, 294,582,

810

Bull. T. S. .523

Bunch. ('.A. 76. 187,236,

383, 820. 716
Bungay. Gi'o. W. 661
Burgess..'. ,M. 523
Burnet, H. G.eilM. 764
Burriss, Mrs. 8. F. 451
Burrows, F. K. 420, 5.56
Burton.a. 43, 3.31
Butterworth. Benj. 757

Caldwell. J. v. 184,370,492
Campbell. B. C. 282, 6.35
Campbell, R. 11.43,430
Campbell, R.J. 379
Carey. Alice. 227
Cargill, D.2''9
Carfzen, S. M. 82«
Carpenter, Dr. "Wm. B.
636, 806

Carritt, J. M. 476
Carter, J. W. 451
Carter. R. B. 36
Cartmell.G. B. 370
Carver, Robt, 278, 402,618
Casbon, Mrs. Emily M.

44, 356
Cassaday, D. B. 43, 107,

236, 492

Chalmers, D. 121
Chambers. S. W. 147
Cheney. Wesley. 483
Cheshire, Prof. P. R. 34«
Christie, John H. 172. 180
Church &S..n, S.J. 44
Clark, A. N. 402
Clark, J.M.8H, 219
Clark, J. W. 204
Clark, Li. J. 2(14
Clark, S. H. 620
Clark. Z. A. 11.763
Clarke, Rev. W. F. 262,

467.547,729.761,821
Cleary, Wm. 44, 507
demons, Cloon & Co. 36
Clover, Kit, 44. 203,415
Coe. Asher M. 732
Cogil, W. H. 62'i
Collier, P, P. 172, 571
Collins, C. F. 811
Collins, E.H. 120
Compton, J. H.58
Compton. O. S. 183, 483
Cook, Geo. W. 858
Cook. Prof. A.J. 39. 670,

26', 284. 323. 347, 350,

499, 58l_l, 611, 612, 708,

739. 776
Cooley. Dennis, 259
.'oppin, Aaron. 828
Corbett, C. H. 531
Cory, O. A. 420
Cory, Wm. G. 107
Councelman, F. 556
Councilman, K.W. 71, 858
Couse, W. 537
Cowan. Mrs. Anna L. 139,

427. 643
Cowan, Thos. Wm. 534
Cover, G. W. 330
C'lverdale. Frank,57, 169,

266, 52(1, 649, 793

Crague, A. A, 697
Craig. Andrew, 172
Craig. Mayor John E. 741
Crandall. S. T. 252
Crawsbaw, W. T. 387, 707
Craycraft, John, 104, 188,

195, 291
Creighton, J. G. 371, 588
Cronkleton, Ezra J. 507
Crouley, Wm. 57. 252
Crutcher, W. M. 164, 644,

793
Cullinan, W. J. 388, 451,

490. 615. 633
Cushing, Chas. E. 620
CuBhman.Prof.Sam'1.291,

.'00.696,708,712,724
Cutting, H. D. 22, 25, 281,

532

Dadant, Chas. 103,32.5.550
Dadant, C. P. 5, 68, 74, 84,
691,755.819

Daggett, Jas. G. 11
Dart. R. 855
Davenport, S. A. 476
Davis. C. A. 92
Davis, C. M. 700
Davis, John, 716
Davis, M. C. 124
Davis, R. T. 811
Davis, W.J. 216, 251. 789
Dayton, C. W. 445, 666,

710. 790
Dean, E. K, 42
De Groff, A. N. 188. 556
Demaree, Belle 812
Demaree, G. W. 88, 117,

328,531,67.5,677,710

De Vinney, V. 143
Dewar. John. 44. 372
Dibbern, C. II. 86.148,263,
347, 363, 433. 485, 555,
568, 584. 631 , 727, 792,854
Dibble, Wesley, 72, 233
Dickson, Chas. W. 603
Dierdorff. H. 436
Dierduff. S. C. 522
Dilworth. Philo S 84
Dobson.J. A. C. 356
Dodge. J. R. 515
Dole. W. P. 644
Donaldson, C. J. 420, 571

Doolittle, G. M. 23, M2,

141, 215, 243, 3I(t. 347,

387, 397, 4W1, 446, 469.

,5(13, .5211. 5711. .581, (»r2,

630. OOfl. 694, 739. ai3

Douglass. W. fl. 108. Hrt7

Drane & Son, E. 2.53, 275

Draiier, A.N. 684, 7oo, 7.<«,

807

Drew. Wm. L. 4oo
Duliois. M. D. 188
Duclos, Chas 812
Duff. A. H. 597
Duncan, A. .1. 28
Dyer, Wm. 430

EaglesHeld, B.C. 371
Karle, F. S. 697
Eastwood, L. 844
Eaton, F. A. 4iM
Edwards. T. M. .59
Ehl. Peter. 219
Ellingwood, Aked D. 220,.

316, 357
Elliott. Wm. 249
Mlniore, J. J.492
Emery. D. R 228,490
England, P.J. 188.682
English, H. E. 476, e3J
Bnke, Wm. 30*1
Eohret, Joseph, 844
Eskew, J. R. 419
Evans, Arthur, 620
Eytinge, Margaret. 245

Fairbanks. M. H. 38!
Farnura. H. C. 524, 571
Farrington, W. T. 14' i
Faucett, H. P. 58
Faylor. Rev. W. P. 313,.

398. 508, .-..52, 635, 780
Feazel, B. F. 172
Ferry, D. M. 697
Fife, Jas. T. .59, 332, 476„

780
Fish, WlIberG. 316
Fisher, A. J. 26.5, 436
Fisher, A. W. 236
Fisher, C. L. 507. 538
Fisher, M. D. 695
Fisk, A. .M. 251
Fiske, Willard. 517
Flick, H. H. 451
Flint, Jos. 4.52
Flores. P. W. 284
Forbes, G. A. 693
Forgan, P. L. 828
Fowler. W. H. 667
Fowls, Chalon, ,521
France, N. E. 73 1 , 828
Freeborn, S. I. 53
Frey, George, .59, 332, 476*

7>»li.
Frith, J. E. 551
Fritts, Chas. B. 236, 331
Frost, D. T. 796
Fuller, D. A. 8
Funk, H. W. 198
Fusselman, E. J. 764

Gemmill. F. A. 504
George, Milo, 187, 252
Gere, C. 369, 634
Gibbs. E. P. 836
Gibson. F. A. 75
Gibson, G. W. S. 75
GIfford. H. C. 372
Goff, Ed. 356
Goff, John, 108
Goldsborough, Arthur.T-

663
Goodell, C. A.188, 25?,404v

716
Goodno, O. R. 452
Goodrich, J. D. 12
Goodspeed. C. M. 660
Gould, Wm. E. 329
Graden, Randolph, 266
Gravenor, H. S. 44
Gravenhorst, C. J. H. o4T
Graves, A. 68
Graves, W. H. (Ind.) 268
Graves, Wm. H. (Ills.!

248, .506
Gray, J. L. 536
Green, Chas. A. 708
Griffith. B. C. 569
Grover, Irwin, 508
Gunn Geo. T. 187
Guthrie, J. Ij. 236
Gween, P. C. 723

Hachenberg. 0r. G. P. 52:

Hager, John Jr. 12, 388

Hains. J. B. 386

Hambaugh, J. M. 370,692,.
844

Hamilton. Geo. W. 92

Handel. John 267

Hanson, G. W. 76

Harmer, Walter, 19, 219,
230

Harrington, F. F. 684

Harrison, A. A. 523, 539

Harrison, Mrs. L. 8, 35,.
84.92, 146, 164,217,276,
312, 428, 449, 474. .51 15,
516. 538, 579, 582, 678,
707, 728. 772, 802, 843-

Hart. W. S. 268

Ilaskin, S. D. 585

Haskins, John, 28, 371

Hawk, Z. T. 487

Hawkins, O. R. 92, 148,
300, 388, 523

862

THE Mw^mmi^mn mmm jO'jamnmiL.

Heacock, S. P. 187
lieater, Mrs. J. ^.4l4
Heater. J. N- 664
Hedrton. James. 41, 7i.

:;"a. :!2'1. :;3:<. 277.3H.".. S12

Henderson. E. A. 371
Henderson. I.. D. l**
Henderson. CHas. T. 443
Henkle, K. 7:<2
Herrick, S. H. 204,3H7,555
Hessler. H. E. 3>l8
Heurinff. G. U. 332
Heywood. Wm. 220
Hicks. Dr. J. M. 201
HighbarKer. I.. 476
Hill. A. G. 4BR
Hill. r. S. 204
Hill. Wm. 44
Hine, Horty. 549
Hines.Tlios.O. 75
Hilton. Geo. K. 26. 268,

2H4,29H. 473, 711
HodKe. Wm. A. 371
Hoey.E.S 11 ..,
Hoev, Tlios. 93. 4ol
Hoke. Abe. 1 1
Hulbert. 8 Ray. 124
Holibauph. Sam'l. j87
Holmes. R.H. 1«0
Holtermann. R. F.68,412,

4.)1.5."i3. 596. 648
Hornbuckle, G. H. 120
Houghton. F. A. 811
House, Miss Ida, 23r)
Hovle. A. M-75
Muff. C. A. 708
Hulett. Mrs. Emma. 332
■fiunter.J. N.3-12
Huntley. F. A. 200
Hutchinson. Edwm. 204
Hutchinson. W. Z.739.744

liams. Byron. 436. 652,

twi. 67.5,72-<
IngersolKC^ol. K. (i. 3G
Inman. Charles. 107
Isham. Chas. B. 167
Israel. E. 796

Jenks, C. B. 806
Jobard, E 324
Johnson, D. D.716
Johnson, Bev. L. 627
■Tones. I). A. 822
Jones. F.A. 363
Jones. H. L. 796
Jones. H. P. 523. 808
Jones. Horace N. 31.^
Jones. Orville. 92. 107

Kabel. E. F. 664
Kanzler, Wm. 1'.70
Kees. I. W. 764
Kelley.M. A. 316,430. 449
Kelley. S. M. 29
Kelley. T. C. 218, 314, 404,

420
Kemp, W. C. E. 555
Kenri^k. Mrs. H. A. 60
Keir, Geo. A. 11
Keves. .Mrs. L. J.2>«
Kili-'ore. S.G.8->8
Kimball. W. H..V«
Kincairt. Jas. 219
King. Jas. A. 92
King. Jcihn A.316,.-.as.619
Kinsel, T. F. 124, 556. 780,

811
Kirk, B. I.. 492
Kirkpatrick, Geo. H. 59
Kl..cr. T, H.211
Knapp. I1.H-''71
Knaulz Chas. 820
Knight. Bruce 732
Knight. H. .'.36
Knowles. J.661
Koeppen. A. 808
Krumm. F.J.230

Lacy, Francis D. 170, 217,

44K, 63». 043
Laing. Isaac B. 12
Langstroth. Rev. L.L. 788
Larc-h.E. C.I.. 6.J2
Larrabee, J.H. 1(17.117.694
Latham. Allen, 8, 182.313
Latham. J. F. 1«6, 3.i6
Laubach. Roscoe. 709
Laughlin. A.M.403
Law. Samuel. 371
Leach. D. E. 663
Lee. Kavette. 268.403,533
1-eonard, G. W. 44
Lewton. Allen. 172
Lighty.L.W. 103
Lindle.Jno. B. 43
Lindsev. Albert. 19
Lindsey. C. V. .570
Little. S.N. 11
Livingston. Mrs. B J.310,

331.473. .5r'3
Lockvfood.J. P. 571
Losee, B. 59
Loveland. C. L. 54fl
I,uca», John, 268
Lyles, E. W. Iii7
Lyman, Ira N. 28. 387

McAlister. J. F. 420
Mccarty. Osniiin. .',24
MC'reery. C. E.715
McCormick ^Vm. B. 11
McDaniel, D. W.331
McDaniel. J. M. 79!
McDonald, F.H. 59. 420

McEvoy. Wm. 8iw, ,8.54
McFatridge. P. W. 371
Mclntvre. J. S. 371,.556
McKirinev. Dr W. J. 182
McKinnon.C. P.8.18
McKnight. K. 83. 430, 739,

844
McLendon, J. B. 388, 420
McNay, Frank, II
Macplierson. F. II. 812
Magnan, C. O. 196
Main. U. V.827
Mandeville, Dr J. D. 204
Manlev. B. A. 284
Mansperger. H. 523. 796
Margileth. Edw. 828
Marion. B. T. .'>«5
Marsh.C. A. 317
Marsh, J. A. 9, 472
Marshall, W. L. 791
Martin, Jno. H.4i>4
Martin, John. I. 12.284
Martin. W. II. 251,603,636
Mason, A.M. 811
Mason. Dr. A. B. 36.115.

139. 163.348.452.757.7*8
Mathewson. A. J. 507
Maxwell. Wm. M. 652
Meeker. B. F. 59
Mendleaon. M H. 452
Merritt. F. M. 43
Millard. I). 124. 168, 279
Miller. Dr. C.C. IIH. 146.

164, 214. 230. 264. 276.

293. 365, 432, 595, 759, 857
Miller, C. F. 148
Miller. Geo. K. 571
Miller, J. M. A 43
Miller, Marion. 124
Miller. M.M. 499
Miller. <). P. 92. 105
Miller, S. E. 248, 5C)G
Milleson, E.90
Mlllona. Anna, 275
Minthorn, Mrs. P. W.491,

684
Mitchell. J. M. 764
Moerahel. Wm. 404
Moescb, Julius, 812
MoUer, JohnSr. .5ii7
Montague. D. A. 523
Moore. Jacob. 716
Moore. Jas. 148
Moore. H. F. 471
Moi>re. W. W.243
Morgan. R. A. 1 1
Morris. Geo. W.92
Morrison. Dr. S. W. 188
Morse. Asa. 188
Moyer. Peter. 2.i9
Mulvanv. T. J.566. 583
Muth. '•'. F. 214. 714. 778
Muth-Rasmussen, Wm. 3
Myers, I. B. 59

Narding, W. 8. 387
Nebel & Son, John. 11.858
Neve. Henry. 12
Newman. Alfre! H. 51
Newman. S. F. 434
Newman. Thomas G. 741.

778. 855
Noble. A. II 244
Nold. S. B. .-.,37
Norton. D. E. 844
Norway. John, 764
Novice, 82fi
Null, Mrs. J. M. 563

ODell.L. D. 236
Oliva. John. 76
l.)lney, G. B. 43. 99
Olsson. I. G. 6.36
Oswalt. Jacob, 148, 372

Palmer, Dr. 700
Palmer, 8. G. 75
Parker. F. B. 236
Parker. S M. 652. 661
Parker. W. W. 116
Pearce. J. A. 55
Peck. B. W. 179. 356
Peck. Sam'l M. 429
Pemberton. Clark. 188
Perry. T.J. 796
Pettit.S.T. 382
Petty, Julius J, 265. 234
Pettv. W. T. F. 37
Pfeitfenbcrgcr. Ph. 124
Pickard.W J. 476
Pierce. B. T. oo
Pike, Edwin, 81
Pinkerton, A, 29
Plumb, E.L. 811
Plummer, S. 252
Pond, C. H, 11
Pond. J.E. 141.276, 385,

387, 399
Porter, W. L. 69
Potter, Geo. H. 28
Ponder. W. S. 675
Powell. Thos. 451
Powelson. Lee. 235
Powers. B. W. li>6
Pratt. K. L. 41, 72, 91, 200,

247, 251, 3(MJ, 314, 584,

048. 065. 681

Pratt, J. M. 283
Prav, Chas. A. 570
Prlngle. Allen, 87, 308.

597. 762. 796
Purvis. L. G. loe. 571. 732
Pyfer, J. S. 187

Quigley, E. F. 636

Ray. W. B. 419
Redding. Inez. 452
Bees. Bichard,69s
Reese, John S. 231, 294.
.507

Reeves. Ira, 59, 75, 331,

507
Reiter, F. R. 12
Replogle. G. B. 636. 853
Reynolds. C. -587. 651
Ricard. Edgar, 540
Rich, A. E. N.6
Rich, .lolin K. 371
Richardson. P. M. 539
Richmond. Ellas. 253
Rider. Jno. W. 700
Riley, C. V. 697
Riley, Jas. Whltcomb,.j94
Hitter. M M. 419,492
Robbins,D. E. 732
Bobbins, Geo. F. 84, 244,

312, 368, 381
Roberts, J. B. 43
Robertson. R. G. 179
Robinson. C. J. 234, 326,

384, 41X1, 5 18, 566,726,807
Robson. Wm. 91
Roese. Rev. S. 42,71,11.5,

180, 199, 2.S4, 31 1, 411,
428, 451, .500, 556. 567.
046, 714. 791

Rogers. H. J. 19. 170. 452

Rogers. Dr. H. N. 28

Rogers, Sam'l. 725_

Rogers. Wilson. 73

Root. A. 1.613.746

Root. Ernest R 171.487.

016 647.679. 775

Rose. Alex. 763
Rose. Frank. 449
Rosebrough, D. B. 29, 491
Rosser, B. A, 29
Rouse, J. W. 385. 828, 838
Bow. W.J. 19
Rowe. Wm. M. 124
Rnedv. Floriaa. 172, 420
Rummel, R, A. 332
Rusk, J. M. 212
Russell. C. 354, 540
Ryan. R. R. 332, 63.., 715

Sadler, J. P. 420
Sage & Son. F. I. 292
Salisbury. E. 756
Sunford.T. S. 3.556
Sanger. A. F. 1-24
Sapp. G. W. .54(1
Saulsbury. N. L. 284
Sawyer. H. 183
Bchacht Lemcke&Steiner

164
Schaeffle. E. H. 586
Schenck, Sophie L. 596
Sclierer, J. 11.268
Schtiesinaver, C. 107,524
Schmidt. Ed. B. 315
Scholleld, Mrs. R. B. 47G.

491
Schofleld. 8. ir2
Schroeder. A. 43
Scliultz, Robt. 316, 5.56
Scoles, II. J. 75
Scoit, Duncan C. 693
Scott. Geo. G. 180
Scott. Jerry, 732
Sec(]r. Eugene. 3. 106,357,

396,631,635,774
Secor, W, C. 836
Seeley.H. M. 11,349,588,

652.

Seibold. J.20
Seltz, Wm. 716
Semke. Otto, F. 524
Severn. J. C. 812
Sewell, H. T. 59
Shafer. Jack. 59
Shaffer. Jacob. 45"2, 620
Sluimberger, Patsy, 413
Shank, Daniel, 730
Shaw, W. .5.55
Sheridan, P, 404
Slierman, F. D. 676
Sherman, Mrs. Sallie E.

014.712
Sherman. W. A. 499
Slieringlon. A. 44
Sluber. Geft. lo4
Shier. Wm.491
Sliirck, A. L. 75
Shuck. S. A. 142. 413. 488,

H32. 049
Slayton, E. G. 357, 620
Slocum,B. M. 5H
Smith, A. W. 507
Smith, C.R. 764
Smith, Ed. E. 451. ,540,

684
Smith, Geo. W. 661
Smith. H. 354, 523, 663
Smith. J, H. 172
Smith, J. P. 282
Sniith,Mrs. M. J..397
Smith & Smith, 186
Snider. Jno. A. 395
Snvder. M. 107
Soiithard. Dr. .596
Spencer. C. A. 739
Spencer, H. A. 661
Spittler. Geo. 300,476, &14
Stahl,B..5.55
Stalninger, N. 43. 88. 31X).

371.491
Slalev. Henry E. 56
StanTish. B. H. 108,523
Stanley, T. C. 844

Stark, Henry, 219
Stark, J. H.716
steel, J. W. .571
Steer, Jos. G. 444
Stephens. Geo. W. 70
Stephens. Max. 811
Stewart. H. 450
Stewart. Henry. 185
Stewart. J. C. 27
Stockwell. Geo. A. 522.

050.681. 826
Stolley. Wm. 28, 603
stone, Jas. A. 367
St. me, Wilber, 403
Stoner, W. K. 187
Stout, L. 58
straw, Austin S. II
Streby. H. J. 732
Street er. F. W. 700
Strong. E.28
Supply Dealer. 470
Swaner, Jno. C, 219, 620
Sword, B. F. 601
Syphrit. J. B. 9

Tally. E. W. 59

Talr. Edward, 147

Tasey. Chas. 844

Tate. W. R. 370. 607

Tatman. J. H. 835

Taylor. F. W. 219

Taylor. Hon. R. L. 54,123,
213, 745, 771

Tern, J. W. 163, 268, 291,
399, 488, 508, 568, 636,
651, 695, 732, 8,5H

Theilmann, C. 179, 217,

2.50, 448, 602
Thompson. Geo. C. 120
Thorstad. Jno. E. 29
Thurlow. Thos. 108
Timpe. Jacob T. 413, 419
Tinker, A. M 219
Tinker, Dr. G. L. 10, 73,

92. 379. 4(M. 447, 614, 840
Tolebroton, B. M. 636,828
Tolman,G. D. 107
Tracy, T. & E. B. 858
Tracy. Thos. 92. 523
Travis. F. W. 235
Tregellas. Idalia. 710
Trego. Isabella. 6-«4
Trego. S. F. 172. 6.'0
Tyrrel. A, C. 264, 300, 364,

7oti, 707

Vance, J. W. 203
Vanderhorst. .lacob.764
■Vanderpool. M. T. 444
Vannoy. A. M. 451
Vandruff, W. S. 662
Viager, Bert, 475
Vollmann, Fred. 188
Vore, Mrs. Lizzie A. 369,

381
Vought, A. 844

Wagner, Minnie, 379
Waldron, A, C. 29
Walker. Byron, 282
Walker, F. U.316
Wallace. Thos. S. 67. 811
Walstrum, Bobt. 108
Warl. Uirain J..'!0o
Watklns.S. L. 22.41.227.

243. 279. 329, 474,553,842,

827
Way, J. L. 300
Webster. Annie 0.532,612
Weckesser, C. 86.732.
Weeks, C. 58

Weeks, Jos, A. 76,371,700
Wellman, Ariel, 20
Werner, Louis, 76
Wheaton,B. B. 316. 436,

492, 572
Wheeler,J.C. 293, 675
White, F. C. 588
White, Jesse, 67
Whitford, ti. M. 452
Whiting, Telah C. 12
Whitmer, Daniel ,204
Wier, D. B. 199, 330, 489

539
Wilcox, F. 523
Wilcox, G.W. 371
Wilcox, L, H.27(i, 644
Wilkins, Clarence W, 283
Wilkins. R. .596
Willev. J. W. 12
Williams. R. A. 492
Willis. Wm. 732
Wilson. C. N. 441. 468. 567
Wilson. Edwin.. 5,-,5
Wilson. M. E. 811
Wilson. Samuel. '260. 652
Woodman. Nathan M.252
Woodward. C. B. 8, 356.

589. 684

Woodward, Dr. R. B. 300
Woodward, W, M. 420,516
Woolrldge. C. H. 75
Wortman. A. 476
Wright, C. A. 387
Wright. David H.476
Wyss. Daniel, 74

Yocom, C. E. 365. 682
Young. J. M. 204, 356, 387,

(MXi. 704, 844
Young, R. H. 500
Voungman. S. J. 4, 107,

119. 172,250,353,383

Zillmer, C. E. 793

SPECIAL CLUB LIST

rpHE following list of Weekly and Monthly
-•- Newspapers and Magazines are selected
as representative publications in their dif-
ferent fields, combined with

The Illustrated Home Journal.

The first column of figures are the com-
bined subscription prices of the two, and
the last column is the net price at which we
can fill orders. In many instances it will
be noticed that we offer the two papers at
the price of one, and in some cases actually
less than the regular subscription price of
the paper offered in clubbing.

A careful perusal of the list will save the
reader some money. When more than two
publications aredesired, or any not included
in this list, a special pkice will be furnished
on application.

American Garden |;2.50 $2.25

American Agriculturist 2.00 1.50

American Bee Journal 1.50 1.35

American Poultry Journal L.'iO 1.00

Arkansaw Traveler 2.50 1.85

Ballou's Monthly 2.00 1.50

Burlington Hawkeye 1.50 1.20

Chicago Herald 1.50 1.10

Chicago Inter-Ocean 1.50 1.10

Chicago Journal 1.50 1.10

Chicago News 1.50 1.10

Chicago Times 1.50 1.10

Cincinnati Enquirer 1.65 1.35

Colman's Rural World 1.50 1.25

Country Gentleman 3.00 2.00

Danbury News 2.50 2 00

Detroit Free Press 1.50 1.25

Electrical Review 3.50 2.75

Farm, Field and Stockman 1.50 1.05

Farm Journal (Philadelphia) ... 1.00 .50
Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly . 3.50 2.90
Frank Leslie's lUus. Newspaper. 4. 50 3.75

Gleanings in Bee Culture 1.50 1.35

Godey's Ladies' Book 2.50 2.00

Green's Fruit Grower 1.00 .80

Harper's Bazar 4.50 3.70

Harper's Weekly 4.50 3.70

Harper's Magazine 4.50 3.50

House-Keeper (Minneapolis) ...1.50 1.10

Independent (New York) 3.50 3.00

The Judge (New York) 5.50 4.35

Kunkel's Musical Review 3.50 2.35

Lever (Chicago) 1.50 1.15

Courier-Journal (Louisville) 1.50 1.25

Maryland Farmer 1.50 1.10

Milwaukee Sentinel 1.50 1.20

National Builder (Chicago) 3.50 2.35

New York Clipper 4.50 3.75

New York Herald 1.50 1.25

New York Mail & Express 1.50 1.20

New York Sun 1.50 1.25

New York Times 1.50 1.25

New YorkTribune 1.50 1.25

New York World 1.50 1.15

Orange Judd Fanner 1.50 1.15

Outing (New York) 3.50 2.75

Peck's Sun 2.50 2.10

Peterson's Magazine 2.50 1.80

Phrenological Journal 2.00 1.50

Poultry Monthly (Albany) 1.75 1.20

Prairie Farmer 1.50 1.10

Puck (New Y'ork) 5.50 4.35

Religio-Philosophical Journal . . .3.00 2,50

St. Louis Globe Democrat 1.50 1.20

Saint Nicholas 3.50 3.00

Toledo Blade 1.50 1.25

Union Signal 2.00 1.50

Vick's Illustrated Magazine 1.75 1.35

Y'ankee Blade 3.50 1.35

By adding 65 cents to the last column,
The American Bee Journal will

be furnished in place of the Illustrated
Home Journal. Or by adding $1.00 we
will send both Journals with the Magazines.

THOS. G. NEWmAN dc SON,

246 East Madison Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

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