DDDnaDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDaDDDDD D D n D n D D a <^°'^**-» 5 a D /^*\ b% D D n > Bl ^iff Sa tn D D 5, ®L tp JM ^ D D ■p '©vr^'vjS' '^ D D D D '^^»*' a D n D D D D D D UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS D D D D LIBRARY D D n D a D D D D D D a n D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D n D D D a D D D D D D D D D D D n D o D Q D D D D D D D D D D D a a a D D D 0 D n a D 0 DDDnnaDnDnanDDDDDDaDDDDDDDaaDDDD UBRARV AWhW, JAASS. 7 C 5 '^ • ^ ^ -^r PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT SI.CO PER ANNUM. ^ >^^^/N AMERICA >^ 35tli Year. CHICAGO, ILL., JANUARY 3, 1895. No. 1. Cojjtributed /Vrticles^ On Imiidrtaxit Apiarian Subjects, The Production of Extracted Honey. The first in a series of articles on the subject. BY CHAS. DADANT. Until about 30 years ago there were but three ways of harvesting honey, viz.: by smothering the bees with brimstone burning under the hives to get the entire contents of the box ; by driving out the bees for the same purpose ; and by placing caps, or boxes, on the top of the hives, to secure the surplus honey. The smothering of bees, which has been practiced for thousands of years, is yet carried on in some parts of Europe. CHAS. DADANT. Even not far from Paris, the center of civilization and refine- ment, in Gatinais — a district where the sainfoin (literal translation, " healthy hay"), or French grass, is as extensively cultivated as timothy and clover in North America — this cus- tom of the dark ages seems to still prevail with quite a num- ber of people. Every spring these bee-keepers of Gatinais purchase colo- nies in box or straw hives— swarms of the previous year. These purchases extend several hundred miles away, and the colonies are sent, by carloads, to the Gatinais apiaries, where the bees are brimstoned as soon as the hive has been filled on the flowers of the sainfoin. As there are two varieties of this C. P. DADANT. plant, one blooming a little later than the other, it gives a large quantity of honey, unsurpassed in quality. It is to be much regretted that this good honey and forage leguminous plant cannot be grown successfully here. Was it ever tried in the West — in Colorado, California, or Oregon ? The profits thus obtained by the producers of the swarms, and by the slaughterers of the bees, are so large that they de- lay the introduction of movable-frame hives in the villages where these customs prevail. After the bees have been killed, the combs are cut out of the hives and sorted. Then each grade is put into a solar honey-extractor, or in a tin box, subjected to a high tempera- ture. After a few days, the honey having been drawn out, the remaining combs are put under a powerful press, to ob- tain what little honey may remain in the wax. The second method employed— that of driving out the THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 3, bees — is not as cruel and destructive as the brimstone method; but it does not give as great results as the Gatinais metliod. The use of caps, or large boxes, in which the bees place their surplus, was one step towards progress ; but the combs had to be broken to be removed from the box. The invention of the movable frame, and of the honey- extractor, has afforded bee-keepers the means of taking out of the hives the combs loaded with honey, and of returning them to the bees when empty, without damaging them, or injuring, or killing a single bee. Every one of my readers undoubtedly uses movable-frame hives and honey-extractors, but, to some of them, the history of the invention of the honey-extractor will, no doubt, be interesting. In 1860, a Major of the Austrian army — Von Hruschka — who lived in Dolo, a village near Venice, Italy (at that time Lombard}' and Venetia belonging to Austria), had a few colo- nies of bees in his garden. One day, while examining the hives, he gave his little son a piece of comb honey in a saucer, to take to the house. The boy put the saucer in his school basket, and, in play, whirled it around his head. Then Uruschka noticed that the motion had forced the honey out of the comb into the dish. Enlightened by this unexpected experiment. Von Hruschka made a square tin box with a quadrangular slanting bottom closed with a cork, and fur- nished with a wire-gauze inside, to support the comb, and, suspending it on an iron handle, he revolved it around his head, as his son had done with the dish. (See Fig. 1 .) He soon, however, improved upon this slow method, and invented a machine made of a wooden pillar supported by a pyramidal frame of three wooden posts, and carrying a revolv- ing horizontal cross-beam 12 feet in length, at the ends of which two extracting boxes, or baskets, were fastened. This machine was turned by two men, with ropes as motors, one of these ropes winding around the vertical axis while the other rope was being unwound. (See Fig. 2.) Although this extractor was very simple, it was too cum- brous and expensive to manage. Hruschka then made an ex- tractor, which was exhibited at the Paris Exposition of insects In August, 1868, and another that was shown at the bee-keep- ers' exhibit in Milan, Italy, in December of the same year. These machines were both entered under the name of Angelo Lessame, of Dolo, Venetia. They were made much like the extractors of to-day, of a square basket covered with wire- gauze and revolving inside of a tin can. They were small machines, although made for four combs, for they had been made for the frames of the standard German hives, the combs Fuj. 1. T)i€ First Honey-Extractors. Fig. 2. of which are only 10x10 inches. The basket was revolved by two wheels, one at the middle, the other at the side, and con- nected by an endless rope. (See Fig. 3.) The machine which was exhibited at Paris was sold to Hamet, the founder and publisher of the bee-journal, L'Api- culteur, for the small sum of So. 00. Hamet, who was not at all a progressive man, did not buy the machine for use, but only as a i-uriosity for his apiarian collection, and in mention- ing this machine in his journal, he branded it as a "useless toy." Little did he think of the future that awaited this ma- chine, in which he had no more faith than he had in the mov- able-frame hives, the only superiority of which, he said, was that they could be taken to pieces like a " puppet show." I have reasons to believe that the exhibitor of these first extractors, Mr. Lessame, had bought the apiary and fixtures of Major Von Hruschka ; for the latter, having resigned his position in the Austrian army when Venetia was ceded to Italy in 1866, sold his property in Dolo, and tried to earn a living by building a largo hotel in Venice. Unfortunately, he met with ill-success, and died in poverty, after a number of Fig. 3 — Hruschha's Honey-Extractor. years of sorrow and trouble. The unfortunate circumstances of the after-life of this man, who had rendered so great a ser- vice to the bee-keepers of the world, were not known until several years after his death, for he was modest and unassum- ing, and avoided speaking of his affairs. Had he taken a patent on his invention, instead of leaving it to others, he would have probably become rich. As soon as it was published in bee-papers, many bee-keep- ers made use of the discovery, and manufactured centrifugal extracting machines. Mr. Adair, of Kentucky, followed the first idea of Hruschka, by making an extractor of two baskets revolving around a central pivot. Later, extractors were made in which the entire machine, including the can, revolved together. Hamilton, 111. (To be continued.) How Many Colonies of Bees Shall We Keep? By G. M. DOOLITTLE. In Peter Henderson's "Gardening for Profit," will be fouud some statements of remarkable things done by those who are making land produce the largest possible profits per acre, and of late I have fell to wondering if a lesson could not be drawn from it for many of us who think we are on the right road to successful apiculture. There seems to be a growing tendency, of late, to multiply our number of colonies, rather than to see how good results can be obtained from a few. In other words, we are using four acres of land, and expending more labor, to produce the same results which these men of thrift, mentioned in Mr. Henderson's work, achieve on their one acre. The question which arises is. Can, or cannot, the bees be worked on the same plan, so that 50 colonies will produce as good results, with less labor, than is gotten from 200 worked in the way many apiaries are worked ? I believe they can, and think that the day is coming when one colony will be made to pro- duce as good results as two are now doing, if they do not equal four. All who have read those Australian reports of 800 to 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 1,200 pounds of honey from each colony, in large apiaries, on an average, will see that we are not up to our high privilege here in the United States. While not up to Australia, yet I find by a careful study of our own bee-papers that it is no un- usual thing to see reports where 50 colonies of bees have pro- duced 5,000, 6,000, 7,000, and even 8,000 pounds of honey, while I have yet to see a report quadrupling such where four times the number of colonies were kept. I oftener find that 200 colonies give but little if any better results than do 50, while I know that more work is required to care for 200 dur- ing a year, than is required for 50. To this work we have to add the extra expense of hives, sections, etc., together with the large amount of honey it takes to feed those extra 150 colonies. This last, in my opinion, is wherein lies the main trouble in making a large number produce as many pounds per colony as do a few. From careful experiments and observations, I am led to believe that it takes at least 60 pounds of honey to carry one colony of bees through the year ; hence, if we only get 30 pounds from a colony (an average yield that some bee-keepers tell me they are satisfied with), we get only one-third of the honey our bees gather, to pay us back for all our labor and capital invested ; and also only one-third of the product of our field. This product of the field cannot be overlooked, as I have reason to believe, from past experience. Quite a number of years ago I was enabled to secure an average of 166 pounds of comb honey from each of 67 colonies of bees, spring count, as the average result of a single season, and as honey sold at that time at 25 cents a pound, this caused a greatexcitement in my neighborhood, and many went into bee-keeping until I could count over 500 colonies of bees within a distance of two miles from my house, the result of which was a gradual lessening of the surplus honey per col- ony, so that little more honey in the aggregate was obtained from the 500 colonies than I obtained from the 67. A few years later a hard winter reduced the number of colonies by about three-fifths, and the result was, that, during the season following, my average per colony was nearly 120 pounds of surplus comb honey, and the aggregate amount of surplus was about the same as from the 500. At 60 pounds of honey as food for a colony, it would take 30,000 pounds for 500 colonies. To this add a surplus of 15,000 pounds, which is about what was obtained where the 500 were kept, and we have 45,000 pounds as the product of our field, two- thirds of which was consumed by the bees. The season after the hard winter, we had about 200 colo- nies on the same field, -which consumed only 12,000 pounds for their wants, leaving 33,000 pounds as surplus. As the 200 gave about 120 pounds each as surplus, or 24,000 pounds in all, we had 9,000 pounds going to waste for lack of gatherers, thus giving 250 colonies as about the right number for our field, providing the field remains the same, and we allow that 120 pounds to be set down as a surplus with which all should be satisfied. I believe it possible that bees can be so worked that 200 pounds can be secured as a surplus from each old colony in the spring, in which case 175 colonies would be sufficient for our field. Now I candidly ask the reader if we had not better keep the number in our field at 175, thus securing 35,000 pounds of the 45,000 as a surplus, rather than keep 500 colonies and receive only 15,000 of the 45,000 pounds as pay for our labor, letting the bees consume the rest. In other words, can we not make a few bees do for us what the market-gardeners of the large cities make a small piece of land do for them, namely, secure as much profit from an acre of land as some of our country people do from their tens of acres ? Many an apiarist has allowed his bees to increase until he secured but little surplus from them, and then wondered why his bees were not as profitable to him as they were in years gone by, apparently not even dreaming that it took nearly or quite all of the product of his field to supply the wants of the bees as their board. 1 know that the above line of reasoning cannot be made mathematically correct, yet there is in this thing a large and unexplored region well deserving of our best thoughts and efforts at this time of low prices, and, as a rule, small surplus. Who will be the first to work it out -for us more practically than anything before done ? Borodino, N. Y. Suggestions About the Bee-Keepers' Uuiou. BY G. W. DEMAEEE. I want to suggest that the proper thing to do is to elect a new set of officers for the National Bee-Keepers' Union. I think a change, from time to time, is best for all such institu- tions. Let all sentiment be laid aside, and let each member vote for some intelligent " bee-man " (our sister bee-keepers have a higher mission than is found in court decisions) ; properly distributing the number to be elected throughout the country as justly as is practically possible. As to any change pertaining to "General Manager," that can safely be left to the judgment of the members. I can see no reason for any change in that respect, as the office of "General Manager" is hedged about by a board of directors — the President and Vice-Presidents. As one of the "old board," I shall positively decline to act in the future. I want to see a change. Another thing I want to suggest. Too much money in the "treasury " is a temptation \,o lawsuits. I regard the Bee- Keepers' Union a temporary concern. When we have obtained from courts of repute a sufficient number of decisions to put bee-keeping on even grounds with other pursuits, each bee- keeper must then do his own "lawing." I have practiced the profession of the law, and know whereof I affirm. There is a specific stage of civilization that leads men to resort to the law as a mode of warfare against their enemies. No " union " should encourage that sort of civilization. This world — not this country alone — is becoming full of "unions" and " trusts," and "combines," and " societies," of every earthly description, and there is a cataclysm ahead! or the "watch- ers " of the " signs of our times " are mightily mistaken. Christiansburg, Ky. [Right in line with the foregoing suggestions by Mr. Demaree, comes the following : — Editor.] Officers of the National Bee-Keepers' Union. BY FRANK BENTON. Heretofore, when voting for officers of the Union, I have felt myself quite in the dark, as no candidates had been named, and even in some instances I did not have a list of the members of the Union from which to choose. Thus, however excellent a man might be named in my ballot, it is very possi- ble the vote would be thrown out because the man was not a member of the Union, or it might be lost, practically, simply because no one else, or but few others, happened to choose the same candidate. Believing that many other members have also found them- selves in the same dilemma, I propose to present the names of a few of those for whom I would be willing to vote, and at the same time suggest that other members who see a possibility of improving the nominations by the substitution of other names, or the naming of an entirely distinct ticket, should send on their nominations at once, so they will appear before the voting-time closes. — Jan. 31. We want men who occupy no equivocal position on the question of honey-adulteration, in whatever form that evil of THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 3, our industry appears, and also such as are thoroughly identl- Hed with the apiarian interests of the United States. While feeling certain that there are, amonft the members of the Union, many who would come up to this standard, and who at the same time possess such a knowledge of Dusiness methods and of the law as would also be of use to the Union, one is obliged to restrict himself to seven names. I give, therefore, the following : For President— Hon. R. L. Taylor, of Michigan. For Vice-Presidents— P. H. El wood, of New York ; Eu- gene Secor, of Iowa; Chas. F. Muth, of Ohio ; C. P. Dadant, of Illinois ; and G. W. Brodbeck, of California. For Secretary and General Manager — Thomas G. New- man, of Illinois. ' Washington, D. C. More Kinks— Fumigating-Torches, Etc. BY F. L. THOMPSON. I am about to commit a most heinous sin— recommend an article I have not tried. My excuse is, I may never have the opportunity, as we are not troubled with moths here, to speak of. Some manufacturing chemists make what they call " sulphur torches " — one-pound cylinders of brimstone, about two inches in diameter, molded like a candle, and furnished with a wick. They cost 25 cents each, and are accompanied by a fire-proof box. They are said to burn twelve hours with- out attention, and leave no residue. I presume they put something in the sulphur to make it burn readily. This should be something for the supply dealers to get hold of, and handle among their many other conveniences for the bee-keeper. SOMETUING ABOUT TIN CANS FOR HONEY. It is commonly said that the 60-pound square can is the package for extracted honey. For shipping purposes it is, and when very small ants are troublesome ; but for all other purposes I have found the 72-pound six-gallon round can (commonly known as "the 50-pound lard can'') away ahead. This can is entirely open at the top, with a cover. It costs about 30 cents new, but I get all mine second-hand at a bakery for 10 cents each. It is less trouble to run honey in, and get it out ; and for the scientific liquefying of granulated honey, there is no comparison between the two cans. A neighbor bee-keeper, Mr. Frank Rrauchfuss, says that by punching two holes, at the same distance from each other, and from the sides of the vessel, clear down to the bottom of the granulated honey, it melts much sooner, and does not have to remain long on the stove; even a low heat, when long con- tinued, being liable to color it. I would suggest a butter-tester as the neatest tool for the purpose, but a clean broom-stick would do. BOILING HONEY TO LIQUIFY IT. Apropos of this, I must criticise Mrs. Atchley for saying, on page 557 of the liee Journal for Nov. 1, 1894, in reply to a questioner, "I am of the opinion you boiled your honey too much :" though the instructions she goes on to give are unex- ceptionable. Hut by expressing it that way, it might be im- plied, first, that the honey itself could be boiled a little with- out injury, which I don't believe ; second, that the water sur- rounding it could be allowed to boil, which I don't believe either, as I colored some honey, though the honey-can was placed in a double water-can, and only the outer layer of water boiled. Since then. I have used a thermometer, and never let the water adjoining the honey get much over 140s and had DO trouble. WAX-RENDERING IN IRON VESSELS. And while I am making criticisms, I will refer to the In- structions of Dr. J. P. H. Brown, on page 400, for rendering wax. He says : " A large troji pot, water 'and a bag properly worked, are the best for the business. The wax comes out bright and yellow." Now, I always understood that iron ves- sels darkened wax. I have darkened some myself, in fact, by using a pan which had the tin worn off. How is it about that ? It may be that pure Iron has no effect, and that oxide of iron (rust) does the business; but if so, the statement has not been made before. THE ROUND CANS FOR HONEY, ETC. To return to the subject : The six-gallon round can has the additional advantage that it can be used for other purposes around the apiary besides holding extracted honey. When transferring, or cleaning off brace-combs out-of-doors, it is just the thing to dump odds and ends of comb into ; it can be covered up In an instant from robbers, and afterwards the broken honey or wax disposed of at leisure. A 10-cent can is cheaper than a special wash-boiler for rendering wax. They make good receptacles for cappings, too. Instead of having a special funnel made, as directed in Doolittle's "Scientific Queen-Rearing," Ciees can be shaken off Intoone of these cans, and "boxed up" for a few hours until they "mourn," at one operation, in which case it might be well to punch some small holes in the cover. For the temporary reception of sections, these cans are sometimes handy, always being bee-proof ; each oi^e holds 30 sections. Two of them setting permanently in the center of the apiary, one holding planer shavings, and the other the smoker, matches, oil-can and chisel, are a great convenience, as they are rain-proof. And, finally, a pair of shears converts them into those various tin strips not infrequently used by the bee-keeper. I can also commend the article to Rambler as worthy of introduction among California bee-keepers. Many a fine young fellow has been worried into wedlock by fancied incon- veniences, only to find when too late that in that respect he has jumped from the frying pan into the fire. When the tired bachelor enters his cabin at night, and steers straight for the easy-chair, or its equivalent, he is apt to stumble over piles of things which on previous occasions he had " chucked " out of the way, which piles, moreover, have an inconvenient tendency to accumulate at the bottom those articles oftenest used. This is a little wearing, of course (though not as much so as some have made out), but can be entirely obviated by some sort of distributing apparatus to receive the "chucked" articles, such as a generous quantity of shelves on each side of the room, and six or eight of the cans referred to, for the eatables, and dirty dishes which will be washed "next time." Mice will soon be starved out. Then what a bore it is to hunt out Sunday clothes In a double-decker trunk ! A few of those cans will hold them just as well, and specialize them besides. THE PENT-UP WRATH ESCAPES ! I have been nursing my wrath against Dr. Peiro for a long time, and can wait no longer, but propose to pitch into him apropos of nothing. Was it a mistaken idea of chivalry, or professional urbanity, or what, that made him say on page 172 of the Bee Journal for Aug. 9, 1894, ladies should do so and so, and men do something else? Would he have said gen- tlemen and women ? It made me as mad as to see a notice of a "grand "free lunch, or to be asked to buy a "nobby" article. Don't let it happen again. Doctor. But those little arti- cles of vours are "daisies." Arvada, Colo. The Mission of Birds and Bees in the Orchard and Garden. Rend before the Iowa Stale Ilorticultunil Society, Dec. 13, 1894, BY HON. EUGENE SECOR. Did you see that house-wren fly to her nest in the wood- shed with a worm in her mouth? That's the twelfth time she has done the same thing in the last hour. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. "How many babies has she, and what is the capacity of their unregenerated appetites for these dainty morsels of vegetarian nastiness ?" Well, ordinarily she hasn't more than six or seven infants at a time to feed, but it takes a good many worms to make a pound of bird-meat, to say nothing of the feathers which are probably more expensive than the birdling itself ; and as this seems to be their exclusive diet during their babyhood, a moderate estimate of the daily consumption of worms in a bird family of usual numbers and average appetite is several hundred. And as she generally rears two broods in a season, who can estimate the value of even one pair of these little chatter-boxes ? And what a cheerful song they give us ! They are the sure harbingers of spring. Their sprightly movements and cheery notes assure us that the winter of our discontent is past. They bid us enter upon the summer campaign with joy and hope. The confidence with which they come to our homes and claim our protection gives them at once the right of way to the best quarters we can furnish, and makes us better men and women by reason of their association. So insignificant in size, and sober in color, they seem to have almost escaped the vengeance of the small boy, and the rapacity of the grown-up barbarian. They make friends of every one they meet be- cause of their cheerful disposition, good habits, and the ab- sence of all bad qualities. They come as near being perfect in the eyes of the practical gardener and fruit-grower as any bird that visits our Northern climate. It is hardly necessary to intercede in their behalf, or to suggest that a safe nesting- place be provided away from the wily old cat. And there's that pair of robins with their nest in the old apple-tree. About the first thing heard in the morning is the call to duty by these early risers after the proverbial worm. Before the peep of day they grow restless from hunger, or habit, or the pleading uneasiness of the baby squabs that have gone without a morsel to eat for one-third a calendar day. It is a race of the earliest and the swiftest for the unlucky ver- raicule that has allowed its appetite to get the better of its judgment, and has neglected to retire to a safe retreat before the early dawn. And its name is legion. But thanks to the young nestling with its mouth always open and its assimilat- ing powers seldom overtaxed, the hordes of creeping, crawling and flying foes that prey upon the vegetable kingdom are held somewhat in check. The birds named are only two out of a large number that wholly or in part live upon the enemies of the orchardist, the gardener and farmer. Does any one doubt the helpfulness of birds in holding in check the swarms of destructive insects, worms and bugs that harrass us ? They would soon overrun the country like an Egyptian plague but for these friends of ours, ever vigilant because always hungry. What if they do occasionally levy a slight tribute on our ripe berries ? Can we dispense with their services ? And think of their almost endless woody concerts ! What compen- sation is adequate to such unparalleled variety and melody, that, like the blessed sunshine, falls upon the poor and rich alike? Shakespeare said — " The man that hath no music in himself. Nor is not moved with concord of sweet sounds, Is fit for treasons, stratagems and spoils." And he that hath no music in his soul for the songs of birds, and no appreciation of the poetry of bird-life, but who can wantonly slaughter these migratory, heaven-sent, operatic bands, ought to be banished to the farthest coast of Nova Zembla until the heavenly melody of God's sweet songsters could penetrate his callous heart. The crime of destroying our song-birds, or any others, for the purpose of supplying the demands of fashion ought never to be condoned. Their blood, like the blood of Abel, ought to cry out from the ground against such sacrilege. Or, like Banquo's ghost, they ought to haunt their slayers and users " to the last syllable of recorded time." If the butterflies of fashion ever want the ballot, they must first compel the men to respect their attire as well as their person and attainments. The usefulness of bees in the economy of nature is too well known to need any special pleadings from me. The natural inference to be drawn froui their well-known habits establishes the theory that the chief purpose of their existence is the pollination of flowers. The collection and storing of nectar is secondary. Every observing person who has given attention to the matter has noticed that bees visit only one species of plants at a time. They do not go promis- cuously from one kind to another. If they are working on apple-blossoms they stick to apple-blossoms so long as there is anything to be gotten from them. They do not go from apple to plum, from raspberry to clover, from dandelion to willow. So averse are they to change that they frequently continue on a certain kind after it ceases to be profitable for honey. One reason for this, it may be, is that they do not like to mix their honeys, but I do not think that the chief one, be- cause I find cells partly filled with the finest honey in the world — clover or linden — completed with a dark-colored pro- duct from buckwheat or other fall flowers. But it is an evidence to me that they were created to pollenize flowers, and that they work along lines made for them by Superior Wisdom. Charles Darwin proved by years of painstaking experi- mentation that plants grown from seed produced by the union of distantly related plants of the same species were more vig- orous tham those fertilized by their own pollen-dust, or by that from plants near at hand and grown under the same con- ditions as to soil and treatment. His deductions were that close in-and-in breedinK tended to lack of vigor and inferiority. This, then, is the mission of the bees : To carry the pol- len-dust from one flower to another, and the small amount of nectar found usually in each individual blossom often compels them to fly quite a distance before securing a load, and hence plants widely separated are married by the bees. Another fact quite well established is that the pollen from a distant relative is prepotent. So the bees are continually crossing one variety of a species on another. And probably all, or nearly all, of the American fruits which we know and prize are the result of these chance crosses. While man with his puny camel's-hair brush is making feeble effort to breed fruits according to a theory — perhaps a hundred miles apart — these tireless little marriage-priests are accomplishing a much greater work, unheralded, unknown and unappreciated. Where we by our scientific methods evolve one new variety, they, by a method older than science or civilization, create hundreds. What does our brush and pincers and paper-sack amount to, compared with God's cross-fertilizers ? I know it is maintained that bees are not necessary to a crop of fruit : and the facts are cited that we had fr\iit in this country before we had bees. I concede all this. There are other ways of carrying pollen than on insect legs and bodies. Nature does not put all her eggs in one basket. She is lavish in her provisions for multiplying species. Look at the bushels of pollen that fall from evergreen forests — not a thou- sandth part of which is ever used. Look at the millions of particles of pollen-dust that go to waste in every cornfield. That the wind plays an important part in transporting pollen-dust I have no doubt, but experience and observation have convinced me that the wind can be depended upon only within very limited distances. For example, in planting pis- tillate varieties of strawberries, it is necessary to intermix polliniferous plants quite liberally if we wish good crops. Now bees seldom work on strawberry blossoms. I think the wind is the chief agent in pollination. The same is also true in all the conifers and nut-bearing trees. But with most of our fruits bees are an active and beneficial agency in fertilizing the flowers. And with some varieties they are actually necessary, unless the trees are planted so close to some other sort which yields an abundance of pollen that they can be readily fer- tilized by the wind. Mr. Darwin, in his "Cross and Self Fertilization," gives a list of plants, 6.5 species, that are either entirely or nearly sterile without insect aid. And, by the way, our white and red clovers are among them. Only kinds were experimented with that produced both stamens and pistilson the same plant, or, in other words, were perfectly adapted to self-fertilization so far as appearances went. Of course this number of species is only a fraction of the whole number, and constituted about half of the number experimented with. And is it not a fact that in all our hardy native fruits, almost without exception, there is a more abundant supply of pollen than in our im- ported or highly-organized sorts of the best quality ? It must be remembered that all our improvements in the list of fruits are sports. And when we find a new thing of high flavor or attractive appearance, we propagate it whether it has all the hardy reproductive qualities of its ancestors or not. I have an opinion that all through nature qualUy is developed at the expense of vigor and productiveness. Civilization seems to bo developing in that direction. Stock-breeders do not need to be told of the fact. Florists have so highly developed the rose that it has scarcely any pollen — and I am not sure but some kinds are so double they are entirely destitute. If it be true, then, that the finer our fruits the smaller the quantity of pollen, and therefore the greater risk of pol- lination by atmospheric action, the more we shall need in the future oU the agencies for fully and abundantly pollenizing them. One of the practical methods of accomplishing this is by the aid of the well-known honey-bees.— Forest City, Iowa. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 3, CONDUCTED BY MRS. JJE^TA'IE xXTCHLBY, BEBVILLB. TEX. A New Year's Greeting. Dear friends, I wish to thank you for your many kind let- ters and kind words during 1894, and now, as the New Year dawns, I wish to greet you with a New Year's smile, and wish you all a Uappy 1895, and trust you may all reap a good honey harvest this year. We are very busy just now (Dec. 20), as our bee-meeting is almost at hand. But I feel that I must take time to thank one and ;ill for your kindness to me in the past. It seems to me now that nearly all my time is taken up entertaining bee- keepers in some way, and I feel more and more attached to bee-people as the years roll by. I can pass time more pleas- antly in company with bee-keepers than with others, and this is why I feel more attached to them. I wish to make my department more entertaining this year than ever before, and ask the assistance of all my bee- friends in making "The Sunny Southland" what it ought to be. Now, that the "Old Reliable " is going to be greatly im- proved, I must also improve my department. Send in your questions, and all the good matter you can, and I will answer and discuss all bee-matters in this department. Again I thank you, and wish all a prosperous 1895. Jennie Atchley. Bee-Keepers Arriving' at Beeville. This is Dec. 20, and the bee-keepers are beginning to ar- rive. Mr. C. B. Bankston and two sons, of Chriesman, Tex., came last evening ; and F. A. Lockhart, of Lake George, N. Y., came this evening. All seem favorably impressed with Bee county. A full report of our bee-meeting will appear in my department soon after the meeting. We are having lovely weather, and bees are gathering honey from black chaperal, which is just now beginning to bloom. Jennie Atchley. —^ — m Flowers from Australia— The Bee-Bulletin. We have just received some flowers from Australia, sent by Mr. E. Tipper, editor of the Australian Bee-Bulletin. One is bloodwood, the other mahogam— both native Australian plants, and, 1 suppose, good honey-yielders. By the way, have you noticed what an interesting journal the Australian Bee-Bulletin Is ? I toll you, I believe if we had our bee-meetings oftener, like they do in Australia, it would be helpful to us. The Australian Bee-Bulletin is a well-printed and well-gotten-up journal, and seems ever alive to the interest of its readers. It comes monthly, and has about 36 pages each Issue. May it prosper, and be well patronized by the bee-keepers of Australia and other countries. Jennie Atchley. Those Bee-Lessons— Transferring' Bees. I will continue my lessons soon after our convention re- port Is all published. Also, I have In store for you our visit to the bee-keepers of Brazoria county. We are transferring bees this beautiful spring-like weather— Dec. 21- and some of our bees are rearing brood right lively. But we will put a stop to their brood-rearing as soon as a few young bees are hatching, as they would use up all their honey If left to do as they wished to do. We will cage the queens if breeding does not stop, as we do not want bees at this time of the year. But unless we have some colder weather, our honey-beariag plants will be in full bloom, and then we will be ready to harvest the honey. Our bees, with few exceptions, are in fine condition for winter, and if we can keep down breeding, they will be all right. Jennie Atchley. ■ I m The Bee-Bulletin Calls It " Ileanness." Do you keep bees? Then of course you take the Ameri- can Bee Journal. The following I found in the Australian Bee-Bulletin : "Oh, no, I always see it, though; Mr. So-and-So takes it, and he lets me look it over always." Such a conversation actually took place in one locality lately. One party was mean, and the other thoughtless. What show is there of im- proving a paper, or even of keeping it up to its present stan- dard, with many such people ? Now, this is really too bad. I know it is your privilege to borrow your good neighbor's journal, as well as his other necessities, but all bee-keepers in the South who do not take the American Bee Journal already, just send to me your sub- scription for it, and I will promise you we will endeavor to please you, and make you feel well repaid for the dollar, and at the same time enable the " Old Reliable" to move out on the line of progress and improvement. During these long winter evenings, rake up items of news and bee-notes of in- terest, and send them to me, or to Editor York direct, and we will be glad to publish them. Remember, the " Old Reliable " is strictly a bee-journal ! Jennie Atchley. CONDUCTED BY £>R. C. C. MILLER, M^XREX^GO, ILL. [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct.] When and How to Transfer Bees. 1. At what time during spring or summer would it be more suitable to transfer bees from the old-style box-gum into frame hives ? 2. Can I transfer them in time to get a full crop of comb honey the first season ? '6. In transferring, is it best to transfer a part, or all, of their brood-comb (from the old gum) into the frame hive, or simply give them comb foundation to start brood anew ? Reynoldsville, III. C. H. S. Answers. — 1. The time generally taken for transferring is fruit-bloom. 2. If done in good shape, it ought not to put the bees back, and, indeed, in some cases you may get a larger crop the same season than if vou had not transferred them. For, as a general rule, in box-hives a good deal of drone-comb will be found, and an inch of drone-comb means a good deal more than an inch of honey lost. 3. As a rule, none but good, straight worker-comb is transferred, but no brood should be wasted. Before doing much transferring, it will pay you to get a good text-book and read up. The Standard Langstroth Frame. What is the length of a standard Langstroth frame ? I have 17% inches, according to "Langstroth on the Honey- Bee," before Dadant's revision, and as a hive has, that I got from Mr. Heddon 10 years ago, from which all mine have been made. The dovetailed hive, I believe, has frames 17 fi inches long. There cannot be two " standard " lengths of any 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. one thing. In Query 950, the answers, or most of them, say : "The standard Langstroth frame," as though there was only one length. The reason I ask is, that next year I may get more hives, and as the dovetailed is the best way to make them, I should probably get them, but I do not want, and would not have, two sizes ; but I want the standard, whichever it is. T. T. Answer.— In the fullest sense, I suppose any movable frame is a Langstroth frame, as the principle is there. The original Langstroth frame was, however, 17?^ inches long. Then they were made X'i % to accommodate the size of sec- tions, and this size, which is sometimes called "Simplicity," and sometimes "Langstroth," I suppose, would really be called the standard size, as it is, I believe, the one in most general use. ^ I ^ Arranging a Bee-Shed for Winter. Thinking to winter my bees to good advantage, I built last spring a shed, closed on the north, east and west sides ; also on the south to within 3 or 4 feet of the ground. I can close it clear to the bottom in front, or the south side. 1. Will it be better to leave it open in front, with the hives well back, or had I better close it entirely when settled cold weather comes ? 2. As I can arrange to pack between and back of the hives with straw, would it be advisable to do so? Sharpeye, Ohio. H. M. S. Answers. — 1. I believe I would leave it as you have it, so that the sun may shine in when there comes a warm day. 2. I think it would be a good thing, so long as the pack- ing does not interfere with the hive-entrances. I* I — ^ Feeding in Winter— Transferring, Etc. 1. How can bees be fed in box-hives at this time of the year? 2. Can bees winter with only a few bees on the combs now, and no honey in the hive, if they are fed ? 3. Is it better to transfer bees from box-hives to frame ones now, or wait till spring ? 4. Can all worker-bees lay eggs ? Do they lay worker or drone eggs ? 5. Does the queen lay all the eggs ? We have had a very poor year for honey. The bees gath- ered some early in the spring, but none since. They are starving to death in this country. I have a few colonies in box-hives. They are very weak, and have no stores. I would like to carry them through the winter. Please give me the best advice you can on the matter. J. T. S. Buckeye, La. Answers. — Although you don't say so, I suspect that you want your answers in the American Bee .Journal. I heartily wish that each one asking questions and desiring answers in this journal would say so, as I can't tell whether you may not be a reader of another paper to which I send replies. 1. It depends a little on circumstances, what may be the best way. If the weather is warm enough, all that is neces- sary is to put some honey or some sugar-candy under the bees and they will take it up. But the candy will not work so well under the bees as honey, for it may be too dry. It isn't well to feed syrup in winter. If it's too cold for the bees to come down to the bottom-board, then you can turn the hive upside down, lay the honey or the candy on the combs, and cover over so the weather can't trouble, but don't cover so close as to smother the bees. The first warm spell that comes, you can turn the hive right side up. 2. I wouldn't give much for their chances, and I would not give much for the outfit if they should pull through. 3. Better wait till spring. 4. I don't know. The latest opinions rather tend toward the belief that when circumstances are right to develop lay- ing-workers, that any worker may develop into a laying- worker. 5. In a colony that's all right, the queen lays all the eggs. Perforated Zinc or Wire-Screen Separators. Have you, or anybody else, used separators made of per- forated zinc, or wire-screen, with meshes so big that the bees could go through? I have been thinking of trying some ex- periments in that direction, as I think there is some advantage in it ; but I thought of it too late to try it this year. 1 will try it next season. O. G. R. Lake Mills, Iowa. Answer.— Yes, some years ago they were heralded as a great improvement, and I believe were patented, but as they sunk out of sight I suppose there was no great merit in them. I commend your judgment in first asking about such things before going to any great expense. Thousands of different things have been tried, and it would be well for those who think they have some improvement to first ask whether it is anything new. ^ Basswood Division-Boards Warping. I have some nice basswood lumber, half-inch thick, that I would like to make division-boards of for brood-chambers. Will it make good division-boards ? or will it warp by the heat of the bees, or from any cause ? L- E. E. Ousted, Mich. Answer.— Basswood, or linden, is one of the worst woods to warp. But you can manage it in this way : Cut the divi- sion-boards an inch short, then nail on each end a strip half an inch wide. Indeed, I would have some kind of strips on the end, no matter what kind of wood is used. Doctor^s f{\r)is By DR. PEIRO, Cliicago, 111. Not a Fool. No, sir, Mr. Jones ; you are in error to suppose that your boy lacks ordinary intel- ligence just because he has what you de- scribe as " that far-away look." You don't know, and cannot imagine, what thoughts are going on in that brain of his. He may greatly surprise you some of these fine days by his original thoughts or works. I more than half suspect, from your let- ter, that you have done him the great iu- justice of frequently expressing your con- viction to him, that you consider your son little better than an idiot, until psrhaps he has almost become persuaded that your es timate of his intelligence is correct ! Many a boy and girl have been mentally ruined by such heartless presumption. The fact that your son is not particularly interested in your farm work, and the various drudger- ies it entails, is no evidence that he may not be intended by Nature for some voca- tion in life just as good or important as a farmer. Many a boy, reai'ed on a farm, has become the greatest of useful citizens. " Film" on tbe Eye. Well, Mrs. Whitman, I wouldn't take so gloomy view of the case. A thick film on the eye, even in a person of your years, does not necessarily portend total loss of sight. A practical opinion must depend upon a thorough examination. But what you call a " film " on the eye may really be a thickening of the round center of the eye —the cornea, doctors call it. I don't mean the little spot in the very center, but that part by which you decide the color of one's eyes. If it is thickened, perhaps little can be done, but it may be that only the thin membrane covering It is thickened, as the result of inflamation. In that case a cure is almost certain. So don't give up. Use a lotion made of 20 grains of boracic acid and three ounces of camphor water— a few drops put into each eye five or six times a day. It doesn't pain. It wiU do no harm if the case is of the hopeless kind, and is pretty certain to make you well if it is of the nature last considered. Try it, any- way. 4^ B <- of Bee-Ciiltiire— just see the magnificent offers on page 1.5. Every one of our subscribers can now have a copy ot that splendid book 8 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 3, I'CULISHED WEEKLY BV GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, r,n Fifth .li-oniie. - C///C-1C.'0, JLI,. ?1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. [Entered nt the Post-Oflice at Chicago as Second-Class Mali-Matter.] C3-EOie,OE3 -w. "vok-k;, EDITOR. Assisted by the following Department Editors : Dr. C. C. Milleu - - - "Qlestioss and Answers.' Mrs. Jexn-ie Atchlet - - - "The Slnnt Socthland.' '■Gleaner" .... "Amono the Bee-Papers.' "Bee-Master" "Canadian Beedom.' Dh. p. L. Peiko " Doctor's Hints.' Vol. Iin. CHICAGO, ILL, JAN. 3, 1895. No, 1. Editorial (!>orr)n)cr)i^^ ^'©w *br ISW.I.— The brand new year is begun. The old American Bee Journal has donned its new-style suit of clothes, and again wishes you " A Happy New Year!" It comes to you as a silent friend, yet would speak to you in words that help, cheer and encourage. It desires to express the hope that the New Year may bring to all its readers sweet peace and honied plenty. That though storms may assail, and drouths destroy, yet there's nothing to be gained in gloomy forebodings and depressed imaginings. Cheer up, then : Let all be determined to make 18a.") the best year of their lives. Let it be understood that, come what will, bee- keepers will bravely press onward, and deserve success, whether it he theirs or not. Anions' *••«' l»e«'.I»ai»«'rs, on the opposite page, is a new department, in charge of one who is styled " Gleaner." It will be " Gleaner's" aim to ■■ boil down " the other bee-papers, and crowd into that department all their newest and most valuable ideas. In fact, " Among the Bee-Papers ' will save you a heap of time, as " Gleaner " will read nU the other papers, and present to you, week by week, the rich, thick "cream" which results from careful '• skimming." Keep your eye on " Gleaner," and see what a good "skimmer" can do. Xli«' 351 li V«ar of the American Bee Journal begins with this number. It is just a trifle older than its editor. Few periodi- cals can say that. But while age does not always carry with it strength, nor youth at all times indicate vigor, still I trust that the American Bee Journal may from year to year become stronger and more vigorous in its ability to furnish unexcelled weekly api- cultural information to its readers, both near and " in earth's re- motest bounds." I desire to sincerely thank all who have so kindly aided me by their apiarian contributions, and by kind and encouraging words and help, since I have endeavored to guide the "Old Reliable" ship— now a little over two and a half years. I trust that my past mistakes may be overlooked, and that in the future I may be en- abled to avoid the rocks that at times I have struck upon while trying to navigate beedom's channel of progress. With new sails unfurled to the clear breezes of 189.5; with stronger editorial hands upon the helm ; and with a firmer deter- mination than ever to " go forward,'" the old American Bee Jour- nal ship invites everybody to -get aboard" for another twelve- month voyage. I^'ot a. Kit lM!«-o«irag-«'di.— In a letter received from Mr. B. Taylor, of Forestville. Minn., dated Dec. 17. I read these words: Bee-keeping was never in such a low condition here as now. but it will boom again in time, I shall stick to the bees with greater zeal than ever. I am having the happiest experience of my life now in my 00th year. Your friend, B. Taylor. There is something very refreshing in the above. The right kind of stick-to-ativeness is exhibited. The people who are jump- ing from one thing to another are the ones that never succeed. I am glad Mr. Taylor is leading off in the right way. Though in his 00th year, he's more determined than ever to make a success of bee-keeping. He's happy about it, too. And he will win! His name is B(ee) Taylor. Mr. T. promises to send in his report soon for the past year. Canatlian U€-f«1oiii, which is begun in this issue of the American Bee Journal, is mainly intended, as its name indicates, for readers living in Canada. But if any other folks fail to read "Bee-Master's " department, it will not be his fault that they miss something helpful and instructive. Canadian readers are invited to contribute their apiarian " mites'' or "kinks "to the new de- partment, and to help make it superior in quality to their wonder- ful basswood (no — linilen) honey — if such a thing be possible. Why not have a little innocent rivalry between the depart- ments conducted by Mrs. Atchley and " Bee-Master ?" They are far enough apart to be equally fair, and so that no destructive col- lision could well occur. Besides, I'll see that no harm results. Now for the rivalry of apicultural intelligence ! Xlie Production of Extracted Honey will be ex- plained in detail by Mr. Chas. Dadant, in a series of articles, the first of which is published in this week's Bee Journal. Mr. Dadant has no superior as a producer of extracted honey, he and his son'(C. P.) having harvested over 40,000 pounds in a single season. I want to invite a careful reading of Mr. D.'s extracted honey articles, particularly by new subscribers, as no mistakes will be made if they follow implicitly Mr. DaJant's directions, which are the re- sult of several decades of practical experience with bees. Other articles of the series will follow at intervals of at least each alternate week, until completed. Paste for Sticking Isabels on Xin. — In the January number of Demorest's Family Magazine are given a number of recipes for making various kinds of cements or pastes. Among them I find the following, which are recommended for fastening labels on tin — something that bee-keepers need when they come to labeling their tin receptacles for honey : No. 1. — Soften glue in water, then boil it with strong vinegar, and add sufficient flour to make a paste. ' No. 3.— Four ounces of rye flour. '.,' ounce of alum, and 8 ounces of water. Mix into a smooth paste, and add a pint of boiling water. Cook until thick, then add one ounce of glycerine and 30 drops of oil of cloves. Conilt Honey Production will be treated of in a series of articles beginning with next week's Bee Journal, by Rev. B. T. Abbott, of St. Joseph. Mo., ex-President of the North American Bee-Keepers' Association. It is intended to alternate these articles with those on extracted honey production by Mr. Chas. Dadant, referred to in another paragraph. It will well repay every reader of the American Bee Journal to preserve all the articles by Messrs. Dadant and Abbott, for future reference. These two series of articles alone will be worth many times the price of a year's sub- scription to the Bee Journal. *-•-» .^Ir. <". P. I>adant — whose picture, in connection with his father's, is found on the first page of this number of the Amer- ican Bee Journal — is a man well known to the bee-fraternity, yet a few facts concerning his life I am pleased to give here, as I know they will be read with much interest by all: Camille P. Dadant was born April 4, 1851, at Langres, France. He is therefore about 44 years of age. At the age of 12 he emi- grated to this country with his parents, and has ever since lived on the homestead in Hamilton, 111., which they occupy at present. In 1ST4 his father took C. P. into partnership with him, and he 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. has since that time been the business manager of the firm. He was married in 1875, and now has a family of six children— three boys and three girls— the oldest of which is 18 years of age, and the youngest four. He took an active part in the revision of the book of Laug- stroth, which occupied his father's time for three consecutive win- ters. In addition to the management of their foundation factory and supply business, he overlooks the care of five apiaries, and superintends a large vineyard and a wine-cellar, making the wine after the manner of their old home in France, which was situated on the confines of Champagne and Burgundy. Mr. Dadant, junior, is intimately connected with the growth and prosperity of the little town of Hamilton, near the outskirts of which they live. He is one of the founders of their Loan and Building Association, and has been one of the Directors of that Association since its beginning. He is also Vice-President of the State Bank, in the same town. The town has a bright outlook for the future, being situated on the DesMoines rapids of the Mississ- ippi river, which are shortly expected to be used as a water-power of colossal dimensions. I gave an old picture and short biographical sketch of C. P.'s father — Mr. Chas. Dadant — in these columns in 1S93. The two en- gravings shown on the first page, were made from photographs taken last month, and especially for use in this number, at my request. .*-'-*■ Kev. E. T. Abbott, ex-President of the North American, is in great demand now-a-days in his own beloved Missouri. After having lectured at farmers' institutes for several weeks the past fall. Secretary Rippey, of the State Board of Agriculture, has in- vited Mr. Abbott to also deliver a series of lectures soon on Apicul- ture, before the class in Agriculture in the State University at Columbia. This will be a good thing for bee-keeping in Missouri, and all over the country, as well, as it will no doubt attract the attention of the boards of agriculture in neighboring States, and lead them to do the same thing. _in J ~i Missouri bee-keepers are fortunate in having so good a friend on their State Board as Mr. Rippey. He has also asked Mr. Abbott to prepare a condensed report of the North American convention held at St. Joseph, to be used in the next Report issued by the State Board of Agriculture. Some of the essays read at the con- vention will appear in full. In fact, Mr. Rippey has left it to Mr. Abbott to say what is best to be included, and that means that a good report of the North American will be furnished him. It will help the bee-keepers of Missouri to have it published in connection with the Board of Agriculture Report. Two topics oftliis Niiinberof the American Bee Jour- nal may be received by a very few of its regular subscribers. If so, it is a mistake, and I trust that should any one receive two copies, he or she will be kind enough to band the extra copy to some bee-keeping friend. Possibly in many eases a new subscriber may thus be secured. An edition of 10,000 copies of this number is printed, in order to have some extra copies for use as samples. Any desiring such for use in trying to get new subscribers, will be gladly supplied if they will simply send in their requests. All subscriptions for some time will begin with this number, so that each subscriber will have a complete volume from Jan. 1, 1895 to Jan. 1, 1896. The index will be printed in the last, or 52nd, num- ber of the year. ^n)or)(^ \\)c Bee-Papers Conducted hy " GLEA.KER." FEEDING IN SPKING. Wm. McEvoy, in the Canadian Bee Journal, advises against early spring feeding, while strongly favoriug later feeding under certain conditions. He says : "The stimulating of my colonies by feeding them in early spring broke the cluster, excited the bees and caused them to fly too much in unsuitable weather when there was nothing for them to gather. By that sort of work I weakened many a good colony and then learned by experience to let all colonies carefully alone in spring until the bees began gathering honey from the willows, wild plum and other early honey-producing trees." After that time he favors uncapping the sealed honey, es- pecially when a time comes that on account of bad weather or lack of forage the bees are bringing nothing in. At such times, with plenty of sealed stores in the hive, the larvte will be partially starved if no unsealed stores are present, and the hatching bees will wander over the combs not finding enough to eat. THAT NORTH A5IERICAN REPORT. The long-drawn-out report of the St. Joseph convention begins to have holes in it as if some parts had dropped out. For example, Dr. Peiro says, "Mr. Richardson tells me some- thing that is entirely new to me:" but on looking back, one cannot find what was said. Mr. Holterman says, " What I said, I said in a sort of joking way ;" but you can't turn back and find the joke. Has that report gone through so many hands that some pieces have been lost, or has it hung fire so long that some of the writing has faded out? Possibly it might be a good plan for the "Old Reliable" to return to its usual way and publish its own report. CONTROVEKSy ON FIVE-BANDED BEES. A lively skirmish is taking place in the Progressive Bee- Keeper over these undoubtedly beautiful insects. Chief dis- putants, Jennie Atchley and Editor Quigley. The latter backed by S. E. Miller, who says: "For the last three or four years, the glory of the golden five-banded Italian bees has been rising up the eastern horizon. It has now passed its zenith, and is fast sinking low in the west." Bro. Quigley says yellow queens and bees can't be pro- duced from imported stock. Mrs. A. doesn't agree. She says, "I have reports on the five-banded bees this year that would knock out all other bees." He says, " These testimonials are given in a short time after the queens are received, and not one in 20 has any bearing on honey-gathering qualities of the bees." Mrs. A. says the five-banded, like other bees, have their faults, but asks that Satan be given his dues. To this Bro. Q. replies, "The devil seems to be O. K."— an endorse- ment the latter gentleman doesn't always get. Wonder if they are talking about the same thing, after all. Because a man with yellow hair stole a horse, it doesn't follow that all golden-haired men are horse-thieves. ESSATS AT BEE-CONVENTIONS. There seems to be quite a little stir lately about the mat- ter. Several have objected particularly to long essays, the ground being taken that essays should only be used to intro- duce discussions. But no less a person than President Abbott has come to the rescue, and in Gleanings he defends the essays on the ground that they serve as an advertisement, for the daily papers will print them and will not print the discussions. And now I suppose some of those objectors will be just un- reasonable enough to arise and ask how much more honey was sold in St. Joseph because of the publication of an essay on bee-keeping in France, in the papers of that pleasant city. PHILOSOPHr OF PERCOLATING FEEDERS. Dr. Miller, in Gleanings, philosophizes upon some experi- ments he has been making, and seems rather to come to the conclusion that after all percolating is not the essential part of the percolators. According to his reasoning, anything will answer that will hold the water long enough to dissolve the sugar, and at the same time will allow the syrup to escape only at the bottom. In that way the heaviest part of the syrup will always be going to the bottom, while the thinner and lighter portion remains at the top, dissolving its share of the sugar as it slowly sinks to the bottom. IMPROVEMENT IN HIVE-COVERS. Of late, flat covers have been quite popular with a good many bee-keepers. They are lighter and cheaper than others, but have the bad habit of warping and twisting, no matter how tightly clamped at the ends. The " Higginsville cover," gotten up by the Leahy Manufacturing Co., is quite an im- provement. Being made of two pieces with a ridge board they are comparatively free from twist, and being thinned down at the edges they are more easily held from curling up. 10 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. ■Jan. 3, Caipadiat) Beedon;)* CouOuctc-tl hy •• BUn-AIASTER." Salutator}'. The title of this department, and the nom-de-plume of its conductor, must be regarded as Editor York's introduction of the writer to his readers. Neither the title nor the nom-de- plume are of my choosing, and being a modest man, I rather shrink from the title of " Bee-Master," lest it should imply any assumption of authority. I was quite in favor of " Api- ologlst," signifying a "student of bees," which I certainly have been for many years, and e.xpect to be until I shuffle off this mortal coil. However, Mr. York thought that name stiff, scientific and pedantic, so I willingly dropped it. When "Bee- Master" was proposed, I took kindly to it, because it is the title which in England means the same as bee-keeper does in this country — just as flock-master or sheep-master means one who keeps sheep. As I am a " bloomin' Hiuglishman," per- haps it is just as well that I should take the name common to bee-men in my native land. It may be added that Bee-Master keeps bees and lives in Canada. '■ No further seek his merits to disclose. Or draw his frailties from their dark abode." Do not waste paper, ink and postage stamps in querying who he is, because, like the celebrated Junius, he is deter- mined to preserve his incoy. , and to elude detection. As that greatest of anonymous writers said : " I am the sole deposi- tory of my secret, and it shall perish with me." So it has. To this day, no one knows who was the author of the celebrated letters of Junius. Canadian beedom, geographically speaking, includes a pretty big territory. We, in this country, are fond of chuck- ling that it is bigger than the whole of the United States, with Alaska thrown in. But, actually and practically, it is only a small portion of this vast domain in which bees can be kept to advantage. A comparatively narrow strip or belt stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific might be defined as that por- tion of the Dominion which really constitutes Canadian Bee- dom. But that strip or belt has no superior as a honey-field anywhere in "the wide, wide world." The slopes of Mount Hymettus, the heather hills of Scotland, the glades of the "Sunny South," and the expanses of California, fail to pre- sent a richer and better honey-field than that possessed by Canadian bee-keepers. A few persons educated from child- hood to its peculiar taste, prefer the heather honey of Scot- land to the best Canadian product, just as a Dutchman, with peculiarly educated palate, prefers sour-krout and Limberger cheese to sweet cabbage and the best Stilton : but impartial judges have time and again pronounced our A 1 lioney equal to any, and surpassed by none. The claim has been set up that our honey is the best on earth ; that our linden is better than American basswood ; and that we can beat all creation in this line. Bee-Master washes his hands of all this extrava- gant boasting, and sets it down to that peculiarity of human nature which makes a man think his wife is the best in the world, or a mother suppose that her children surpass all others. It Is glory enough for Canada to be the peer of the United States in the matter of honey-production. If we can run a neck and neck race with our American cousins, we shall do pretty well. Bee-Master will strive to promote a friendly rivalry, while maintaining, to the utmost, international amity and good-will. It only remains to be said further at the present time, that this department is to be considered as open to Canadian correspondents, and they are specially invited to contribute to it their very best Ideas, In order to make Canadian Beedom all that its name implies. Communications for this department must be addressed to the ofiBce of the American Bee Journal, 56 Fifth Ave., Chicago, III. — ^ — ' — ^ Tbe IVext North American Convention. Mr. McKnight has a brief article in Gleanings for Dec. 1, in regard to the next meeting of the North American Bee- Keepers' Association, expressing his pleasure that the meet- ing is to be held in Toronto, and setting forth inducements to a large attendance. In thus writing, Mr. McKnight has . voiced the sentiments of Canadian Beedom. Though some are still rather sore over what they think our practical exclusion from all membership, in consequence of the incorporation of the Association, that will not abate the warmth or sincerity of our welcome to our American cousins. We are well aware that the legal change in the Constitution was the work of a very few individuals, and that it was part of a centralization scheme which did not materialize. We know also that the great majority of American bee-keepers feel as warmly as ever toward their northern neighbors. We propose, there- fore, to give the Association a cordial welcome — to receive its members, as it were, with open arms and open hearts. Come one, come all, and try to make yourselves at home if it is a "furrin' land," monarchy-curst, and under petticoat govern- ment. Mr. McKnight suggests that the meeting be held during the Industrial Fair, when extremely low rates are made by the railroads. As an argument for this he mentions that one of the Fair days is known as " American Day." The only danger is that the attractions of the Fair might be too great to admit of a regular attendance at the meetings of the con- vention. This would be to some extent obviated if the Asso- ciation were to meet on the Fair grounds, and were to hold a bee-keepers' conversazione, such as is often held in England, dispensing for once with the reading of formal essays. I am quite sure that if the Directors are applied to in good time, they will cheerfully make arrangements for the convention to meet on the Fair grounds, where now there is ample accommodation. A large tent could be obtained for the occasion such as the one owned by the Ontario Agricultural College, which would be readily obtainable for such a purpose. It might be used as a hall by day and a dormitory at night, by providing a lot of stretchers. There will be plenty of pro- visions at hand, and the affair might be made a very enjoyable picnic. m I ^ A Few Brier Slotes. The annual meeting of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion will be held in the city of Stratford, on Jan. 2 2, 23 and 24, 1895. All bee-keepers are cordially invited to attend. Mr. W. Couse, of Streetsville, is the Secretary. The December number of the Canadian Bee Journal con- tains a full-page engraving of The A. I. Root Company's es- tablishment at Medina, Ohio ; also an interesting account of a visit paid by Editor Holtermann to Messrs. C. F. Muth & Son, at Cincinnati. Here in Canada, the free blooming of dandelions, and even white clover late in the fall have been unusual features of the season of 1894. Viper's-bugloss bloomed early and continued long. The golden-rod was a failure, owing to the prolonged drouth. Mr. McEvoy states his system of caring for bees in spring in the December number of the Canadian Bee Journal. It is to keep everything snug until the bees begin gathering in 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 11 spring, then uncap the brood-frames gradually on warm even- ings, put on the half-stories, and let the bees carry honey up from below. As room is thus made in the brood-chamber, the queen betakes herself to laying, so that soon there is an abundance of brood. If wet and unfavorable weather sets in, as it did last spring, the bees must be fed, or not enough honey will be taken from the sealed stores overhead to feed the young larvaj sufficiently to keep them growing vigorously. Those who, like himself, fed their bees during the trying month of May last, were the ones who reaped the best honey harvest. The Brant Bee-Keepers' Association met in the Court House at Brantford, Nov. 3, 1894. Owing to unfavorable weather, the attendance was small, but the proceedings did not lack interest. The subject of winter packing received most attention. The Practical Bee-Keeper reports a meeting of the Leeds and Granville Association at Brockville, Oct. 9, 1894. The President, Mr. M. B. Holmes, gave a retrospect of progress made in the past ten years, and said : What a wonderful change has taken place ! Then it was a box containing a chaotic mass of honey in the comb; now it is a dozen or so of one-pound sections nicely finished by the bees themselves. Then it was "Strained Honey," a compound of nectar of flowers, pollen, grains of wax, etc.; now extracted honey in an amber liquid fit to tempt the most fastidious taste. But that which is of most interest to the general public is this fact; that, because of modern improvements, honey has been so reduced in price that it is no longer a luxury seen only on the tables of the rich, but it is within the reach of all. And what do we see as a result ? I think we may safely say that there is ten times as much honey consumed as there was ten years ago, and if the bee-keepers of this country do their whole duty, there is not a doubt that the consumption of honey will continue to increase at the same rate for the next ten years. An address was read from Mr. Allen Pringle, on "Bee- Keeping in Ontario," for which we shall try to find room in the next issue of Cauadian Beedom. CTonTeiitloii IVotices. Colorado.— The 15th annual meeting of the Oolorado State Bee-Keepers' Association will be held on Monday and Tuesday. Jan. -il and 22. 189.5, In Denver. H. Knight, Sec. Littleton, Oolo. New York.— The annual meeting of the Ontario Co.. N Y.. Bee-Keepers' Association will be held In Canandalgua, N. Y., Jan. 25 and 26, 1895. Come early. Everyone come. Bellona, N. Y. BuTH E. Taylor, Sec. Ontario. Canada.— The annual meeting of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association will be held at Stratford, Jan. 22. 23 and 24. 1895. All bee-keepers are cordially invited to at- tend. W. ConsE. Sec. StreetsviUe. Ont. Minnesota.— The regularsemi-annual meet- ing of the Southern Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Association will be held on the first Monday in May, 1893, at LaCrescent, Minn. All bee- lieepers invited. B. C. CoRNWELL, Sec. Winona, Minn. Pennsylvania,— The Venango County Bee- Keepers' Association of northwestern Penn- sylvania will hold their 2nd annual meeting in the City Hall at Franklin, Pa., on Jan. 28, 1895, at 1 o'clock p.m. All interested send for program. C. S. Pizer, Sec. Franklin. Pa. Wisconsin.— The 11th annual meeting of the Wisconsin State Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in the Capitol, at Madison, Feb. 6 and 7, 1895. All bee-keepers are requested to attend, whether they receive a formal notice or not. H. Lathrop, Hec. Sec. Browntown. Wis. Kansas.— There will be a meeting of the Southeastern Kansas Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion on March 16. 1895, at Goodno's Hall, in Bronson, Bourbon Co.. Kans. It isthe annual meeting, and all members are requested to be present, and all bee-keepers are cordially in- vited. J. C. Balch, Sec. Bronson, Kans. Vermont.— The next annual convention of the Vermont Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in Mlddlebury, Vt.. on Jan. 30 and 31 , 1895. Programs will be prepared and mailed later. Let every Vermont bee-keeper begin NOW to preoare to attend, and all those who can reach Mlddlebury, whether you live in Vermont or not, we want you to come, Barre, Vt, H, W. ScOTT, See. Indiana.— The Indiana State Bee-Keepers' Association will hold its fliteenth annual meeting at the State House. Indianapolis, on Jan. 9, 1895. There will be three sessions- morning, afternoon and evening Several other associations will convene here at the same time, thus securing reduced rate of IM fare for the round trip, but a certificate must be asked for when purchasing your ticket. Programme will be Issued in December. Walter S. Pooder, Pres. Indianapolis, Ind. One-Cent Postag^e Stamps we prefer whenever it is necessary to send stamps for fractions of a doUar. By re- membering this, you will greatly oblige us. Honey & Beeswax Market Quotations. CHICAGO, III,, Dec, 27.— Dp to the present the sales on honey have met with our expec- tations. We have received considernbly more honey than we figured on handling, owing to the short crop report, and we think the early shippers reaped the benefit. However, we are now getting the average price, viz, : Fancy, 15c,; while, No, 1, 14@13c, Extracted, 6@7c. Beeswax, 28@29c. J. A. L. CHICAGO. III., Dec. 27.— The trade is tak- ing some comb honey for holiday display. This helps out all the choice lots, which bring 15c. per pound ; other grades that are good to choice. 13@14c. The dark grades as usual are slow of sale at 9@10c. Extracted sells chiefly at6@6'/5@7c. Very little basswood or clover is offered in 60-lb. tins, two in a case. Such meet with ready sale at top prices. Beeswax scarce at 28c. R. A. B.&Co. NEW YORK, N. Y., Dec. 20.— The market for comb and extracted honey is good, and the supply equals the demand. Fancy clover and buckwheat sells best; off grades are not quite as palable ; and 2-pound sections are little called for. We quote as follows: 1-pound fancy clover. 1.3® 14c. ; 2-pound, 12H@1.3c.; 1- pound white, 12@12^c.; 2-pound, 12c.; l- pound fair, 10@llc.; 2-pound, 10@llc.; 1- pound buckwheat, 10@llc.; 2-pound. 9@10e. Extracted, clover and basswood, 6@6iic, ; buckwheat. 5@5V4c,; Southern. 50@60c. per gallon. Beeswax, scarce and in good demand at 29@30c. C. 1. & B. CINCINNATI, O., Dec. 21.— No change since our last. The market is quiet, with a fair de- mand at 14@1 6c. for best white comb honey, and 4@7c. for extracted. Beeswax is in good demand at 22@27c. for good to choice yellow. C. F. M. & S. KANSAS CITY, Mo,, Dec, 26,— The supply of comb honey is fair; demand is fair. Sup- ply of extracted Is good; demand light. We quote: 1-lbs., No. 1 white, 14@15c.; No. 2 white. 12@13c.; No. 1 amber, 13@14o.; No. 2 amber, 10@llc. Extracted, white. 6@7c. ; amber. 5'^@6c.; dark, 4^@5c. Beeswax, 22®25c. C. C. C. &.CO. ALBANY, N. Y.. Dec. 26.— Honey in better demand, especially the high grades of v/hlte comb honey. We quote: No. 1 white, 14@ 15c.; No. 2 white. 13®14c.; Mixed white. 11 @12c.: No. 1 buckwheat. 12@l2!4c.; No. 2 buckwheat. ll@ll'/4c.; common, 10@llc. Extracted, white (Northern), 7@8c. ; amber, @6S4c.; buckwheat, 3!4@6c. Beeswax. 27® 29c. Do not look for much of any change In these prices, and advise now to have honey on the market as early as possible for best prices. H. R. W. BUFFALO. N. Y.. Dec. 17.— The demand for honey Is very quiet. We quote: Fancy. 13® 14c.; choice. ll@12c. ; others from 8®10c. Literal amount of stock In market. The pros- pects are that the demand will be very light until after the holidays. Extracted is moving very slowly at 5@7c. B. & Co. NEW YORK, N. Y.. Dec. 26.— The receipts of comb honey have been very large and ex- ceed those of former years by far. The de- mand has not been very active of late and there are no signs of improvement. The sup- ply is accumulating and the prices show a downward tendency. We quote: Fancy white, 1-lbs., 13®14c.; fair white, ll@12c.; buck- wheat, 9c. Two-pound sections are in very light demand and sell at from l@2c. a pound less. The market on extracted is quiet, with plenty of supply of all kinds. We quote: White clover and basswood. 6c.; Southern, 30@55c. per gal. Beeswax is firm and in good demand at 30®31c. H. B. & S. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers, Most of whom Quote in this Journal. Cblcago, Ills. J. A. Lamon, 43 South Water St. a. A. BURNETT & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. Y. F. I. Sage & Son, 183 Reade Street. Hildbeth Bros. & Seqelken. 28 & 30 West Broadway. Chas. Israel & Bros.. IIO Hudson St. I. J. Stringham, 105 Park Place. Francis H. Leggett & Co.. 128 Franklin St. Kansas City, Mo. Clemoms-Mason Com. Co., 423 Walnut St. Albanr, N. ¥. H. R. Wright, 326 & 328 Broadway. Bnfialo, N. Y. Batterson & Co., 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chas. Dadant & Son. Cincinnati, Oblo. C. F. Muth & Son, cor. Freeman & Central avs. RUDY'S PILE SUPPOSITORY Is guaranteed to cure Piles and Constipation, or money refunded. 50 cents per box. Send two stamps for circular and free Sample to MARTIN RUDY, Registered Pharmacist, Lan- caster, Pa. No Postals Answered. For sale by all first-class druggists everywhere. Peter Van Schaack & Sons. Robt. Stevenson & Co., Morrison. Plummer & Co., and Lord, Owen & Co., Wholesale Agents, Chicago, Ills. Pease mention the Bee Journal. Novl5 Advertisemeiits. Have You Heard The Latest ? ^'- dueenie Jeajiette '^ —A WAE.TZ SONG- Makes a hit wherever sung. Price 40 cents postpaid. Reduction to Music Teachers. Published by J. C. WALI.EMMEl'ER, 26E15t EVANSVILLE. IND Afentton ttio AmerUxm, Bee, JoiiDial. 12 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 3, Questioi;j'Box. In the multitude of counsellors there is safety. — Prov, 11-14. A Bcc-Book or a Bcc-Paper — \¥l»icli r<>r the Brsinneri Query 954.— Not kuowliig anything about bev-keeping. is It better for nie to buy a bee- book or spend the same amount (if money for a bee-paper ?— N. C. Buy a bee-book. — M. Mauijj. Buy a bee-book. — \V. G. Larbabee. Buy a bee-book first. — Dadant & Son. Both I If only one — the bee-paper. — W. M. Barnum. You ought to have both. — Mrs. J. N. Heater. Get both ; but you need the bee-book most.— J. A. Green. Book first — journal next. You will want both. — Eugene Secor. Buy a bee-book, and spend the same amount for a paper also. — P. H.Elwood. Spend your money for a good paper, and you will want the books later. — H. D. Cutting. Never try to do without both ; but be- tween them, I would take the bee-paper. — B. Tavlor. You need the bee-book to start you, and the bee-papers to keep yoxi, started. — Jas. a. Stone. Get a l)ook, and then earn money •enough some way to get the paper, too. — G. C. Miller. You want them both. If you cannot afford to post up, better let the bees Alone. — E. France. Invest a dollar for a bee-book, and another dollar for the American Bee Journal. — J. P. H. Brown. By all means buy a good standard work on bee-culture. Take the bee- papers, also. — r. M. Hambaugh. Buy a standard work that covers the ground. Better follow one expert than many novices. — Mrs. L. Harrison. You cannot afford to be without •either, though for a time you could bet- ter dispense with the paper than the book.— R. L. Tavlor. You certainly need a book, as the paper does not consider all topics. You also should take one of the best journals — as the American Bee Journal. — A. J. Cook. You should have a standard work on bees, by all means ; but why not also take one or more "bee-papers," and keep posted on what is going on ? — C. H. DlBHKHN. Buy a book. Read it until you can tell all there is In It, then take a bee- paper. No bee-keeper that is worthy of the name will do without both. — G. M. Doolittle. If you cannot raise money enough to get both, you would better not try bee- keeping just yet. You should get the book first, then the bees, and next the paper. — Emerson T. Abbott. The book will bo the most valuable for you on the start, as you can find something in it to fit every case, and for all times of the year. I should also want the paper as soon as possible. — S. I. Freeborn. Don't fool away any time in the "stu- dent" business, as some advise, but buy several good bee-books, and then sub- scribe for as many bee-papers as you can afford, and experience will do the rest. — G. L. Tinker. Knowing what I do now, I would get a good bee-book and all the bee-papers I could afford. But to come down to your question direi't, I will say I don't know which would be best for you. In either case, you won't have one long till you have both, if you are going to make a bee-keeper.— Mrs. Jennie Atchley. If I could not have both— standard books and bee-papers— I would take the paper. But neither will do any good unless you get a colony of bees and put your knowledge to practice, in a practi- cal way. But surely you could muster enough cash to get a good, practical book. It will open your eyes. — G. W. Demabee. Buy a bee-book, and study thoroughly, so that you may learn the theory and general principles, so that you may know how to begin. It is equally essen- tial to take some good live bee-paper — the American Bee Journal is as good as the best— in order to keep in touch with new ideas and new experiences, for bee- keeping is progressive, and the bee- papers keep us posted on that progress. —J. E. Pond. HONEY FOR SALE i'"^o'.f%{'To^'4 for sale; li distinct flavors— Smartweed (or heart'8-ease). Aster & Spaulsb-Needte. Price, 7 ets. per lb. F. O. B. in 60-lb. cans. Sample by mall on application. Address, P. O. Bo.x 783. 1A2 K. 'I'. Flauauian, Belleville, III. WentUm the American Be» Jou/rtwl DO NOT OKDKH (INTIL. VOU HAVE WKITTiiN US FOK PRICES ON The "Boss" One-Piece Section Also D. T. IIive§, Shipping-Crates and Oilier Supplies. We have completed a large addition to our Factory, which doubles our floor room; we are therefore in better shape than ever to fill orders on short notice. Send for Priee-lils( J. FORNCROOK, Watertown, Jeff. Co., Wis., Jan. 1st, 1894. Rft«.I?V'p'>no«~Stampeders. Cheap but good. IM/C Li^UipCa 8 cts. each; 12— 75c., postpaid. — Little Giants. Try 1 : try more. . 'postpaid. Instruc- tions with each. M. O. Office, Los Angeles. loDtt C. W. Daytou, Florence, Calif. MfJitton titc American Bee Jounwi. Drone and (|ueen Traps ■ 35 cents each; 12. $2.50, pos California ir you caro to know of its Fruits, Flowers, ('limate or Koeources, send [or a Sample Copy of Callt'ornia's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press Tlio loading Horlicultural and .\Kricultural paper of the Pacltlc Coast. I'ublisbed weeltly, handsomely illustrated, $2.40 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RIlK.tl. PRESS, 220 Market St,. - SAN FKANCISCO, CAL. Mention the A.merican Bee Journal CONVENTION DIRECTORY. 1893 Time amd place of meeting. Jan. 9.— Indiana State, at Indianapolis, Ind. Walter S. Ponder, Pres., Indianapolis, Ind. Jan. 9, 10.— Minnesota State, at Lake City. Wm. Danforth, Sec, Ked Wing, Minn. Jan. 21, 22 — Colorada State, at Denver, Colo. H. Knight, Sec, Littleton, Colo. Jan. 22-24.— Ontario, at Stratford, Ont. W. t'ouse. Sec, Streetville, ont, Jan. 25, 26,— Ontario Co., at Canandaigua. Ruth E. Taylor, Sec, Bellona, N. Y. Jan. 28.— Venango Co., at Franklin, Pa. C. S. Pizer, Sec, Franklin, Pa. Jan. 30, 31.— Vermont, at Mlddlebury, Vt. H. W. Scott, Sec, Barre, Vt, Feb. 6, 7.— Wisconsin, at Madison. Wis. J. W. Vance, Cor. Sec, Madison, Wis, Mar. 16.— S. E Kansas, at Bronson, Kan. J. C. Balch, Sec, Bronson, Kan. May 6.— Southern Minnesota, at LaCrescent, B.C. Cornwell, Sec. Winona, Minn. ^P~ In order to have this table complete. Secretaries are requested to forward full particulars of the time and the place of each future meeting. — Thb Ewtob. ZTorth Amerloan Bee-Keepers' Association OFFICERS FOB 1895. Pres.— R. F. Hoitermann Brantford, Ont. Vice-Pbes.— L. D Stilson York, Nebr. Secretary.— W. Z. Hutchinson... Flint, Mich. Tbeasurer.— J. T. Calvert Medina, Ohio. National Bee-Keepers' Union. President— Hon. R. L. Taylor. .Lapeer, Mich, Gen'l Manager— T. G. Newman, Chicago, 111. 147 South Western Avenue. nir. J. A. Lianion, of Chicago, QI., (43 South Water St.) receives shipments of Beeswax and Honey — both Comb and Ex- tracted— on commission. He handled over 700 shipments duriuK the season of 1893-94. He solicits the business of his friends of for- mer years, and a trial shipment from all bee- keepers in the country. When having any honey or beeswax to send away, just give Mr. Lamon a chance to handle it for you. Itiiitiiiioiiy. I like the American Bee Journa very much, and have been a reader many Sears." — Mrs. Josiah Smith, of Minnesota, ov. 26, 1894. "I can't get along without the American Bee Journal, even if times are hard. Bee-keepers around here say they can't afford to take it. They all keep bees, but get no honey because they take no paper."— Chas. L. Glidden, of Minnesota, Dec. 21, 1894. I have taken the American Bee Journal just a year, and would not think of doing without it. Why. it is just like being in a bee-convention every week. There are Mrs. Atchley, Dr. Miller, and others, having their say on bees, etc. Why, it is simply immense! Put me down on your subscription list to stay." — Jas. A. Minnick, of Indiana, Dec. 15, 1894. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 13 WHERE DO THEY GET THE STONE? TO BUILD THAT FOUNDATION. That is what a man said who read our advertisement. We do not use Stone, but BEESWAX to make Comb Foundation, and it takes a great deal of it. Therefore, if you have any BEESWAX FOR SALE, please let us hear from you, and we will give you our prices. We will offer you COMB FOUNDATION and other Bee- Supplies in due season, as usual. Send for free Circular and Samples. CHAS. DADANT & SON, MrniUan tfte Amerwan Bee Journal. HAMILiTON, Hancock Co. , LLIi. "IN IT"-OF COURSE, HE IS ! .^r w£o'ircraIS°tg^ Original Root Dovetailed Hive ^ Don't forget thiit we :ire IIead-Quartefis lor EY-PACKAGES ^ '>^>-;<$* A 52-Page Catalog Free. of every description Address, THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY. MEDINA, OHIO. FOR mU $1.50 ! We have arranged to offer to our Subscribers The ]flicliig;au Farmer and American Bee Journal — both for one year for the very low price of only $1.50. The Michigan Farmer is a 16-page, 64-column weekly — one of the oldest of its kind in the country, and recognized as one of the ablest, most enterprising, in- structive and reliable agricultural, live stock and home journals of America. It is strictly first-class every way; published weekly. This is certainly a great com- bination, giving 104 papers for $1.50. For Specimen Copies free, address The Michigan Farmer, Detroit, Mich. ^W° Address Subscription Orders to American Bee Journal, Chicago, 111. PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION Has No Sag in Itrood-Franies Tliiii Flat-Bottom Foundation Das \o Fishbone iu the Surplns Honey. Belnff the cleanest Is usually worked the quickest of any Foundation made J. VAN DEUSEN A: SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Sprout Brook, MontKomery Co.. N. Y . BEESWAX WANTED ! For Cash at Highest Price ; Or In Exclianse lor Foundalion at Iionrest Price, Wholesale and Retail. Don't fail, before buying or selling, to write for Prices and Samples— to Gl'S DITTjnER, AUGUSTA. WIS. Reference— Augusta Bank. 16Atf Mention the American Bee Journal Did You Ever? JENNIE ATCHLEY \^ f °f,t A New Factory— New Engine and Boiler — the onlv Steam Hee-Hlve Factory in South Tex. ^^ Dovetailed Hives and All Kinds ol' Supplies. Let me know what you want and I will make you a LOW ESTIMATE. ROOT'.S COODS and DADAISXS' FOI'NDATION. Send for Catalogue, and see my astonishingly low prices. See mv Queen Ad. on the last page. I am In a position to ship Bees in Carload Lots. Who wants'to try the experiment ? JENMIE ATCHLEY, Becville, Bee Co., Tex. ARE YOU LOOKING For the BEST in Bee-Hives, Sections, Cases, &c.? 6endyouacopyotourl89n:atalotneaifdPrfce-Ust. ° | W. B. Lb 11 IS CO., WatCrtOWIl, VVlS. MtidUm the American Bee Journal- See the Clubbing Offers in this Inilier. Qei;)cral ItcjTjs* Results of the Past Season. I had 6 colonies of bees, spring count, and increased to 8. They gave me SSi pounds of comb honey, of which 144 was clover, and netted me 15 cents per pound, and 190 of buckwheat, at 13 cents per pound. My neighbors found fault with the season, and say it was a poor one. This is the fourth year that 1 have handled bees. I am making it a study, and read all the bee-literature that I can get hold of. I like it very much. The American Bee Journal is the best bee-paper I know of, and gives the most reading for $1.00 that I know of. C. A. Billings. Clyde, N. Y., Dec. 24. Got Plenty for Winter Stores. This has been a bad season for the bees, on account of the dry weather. I had IT colonies in the spring and had only one swarm. I did not get a pound of surplus honey, but they have plenty for winter. We hope for a better sea- son next year. Otto P. Semke. Harrison, Kans., Dec. 22. Glorious Bains in Southern California. The present year has been disastrous to bee-keepers in southern California. The insuflficiency of rain during the past spring failed to infuse the life-giving qualities into the honey-plants, conse- quently the fatality among the " busy bees" in this locality was very great. The long drought was broken ten days ago, and mother earth has discarded her soared robe for one of living green. The flood gates of Heaven were opened this morning, and a continuous down- pour of rain for the past ten hours is the result. J. M. Ckow. Encinitas, Calif., Dec. 19. Not a Pound of Good Honey. Honey was a total failure in this sec- tion last summer. I didn't get a pound of good honey from 60 colonies of bees. I had to feed some for winter. J. C. Hendricks. Decatur, 111., Dec. 20. Bee-Keeping in Alabama. This was the sorriest year here for honey yet. The freeze we had in April destroyed the honey crop till the month of June. There were plenty of hungry bees up till then, and then they got some honey. I got 80 pounds of honey and increased from 10 to 14 colonies. My bees are in the best condition for winter that I ever had them in, or at least they are all strong in bees. All seem to be healthy, as they have not been confined to their hives a day this fall, and have enough honey in each hive to winter two colonies of bees, as the fall flow was good, and as I would not take it from them. The bees were preparing for winter while I was waiting for my time to come cext year. 1 farm for a living, but I don't forget my bees. 1 go and see them three times a day. Bees that are lost in this part of the 14 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 3, country siiffpr from beine queenless, or weak, and thi'ii tho niotli-wonus take po>si ssion of ibe combs; that Is the only thing that I have known to canse any loss of bees, outside of starving to death. There were some bees frozen to death here last winter, but such a winter as that was we have not had in this coun- try for a long time. My sweet clover grew from one to three feel high sown last spring, and we had no rain from May 4 to August :>. It is the first sweet clover seen in this part of the country. My alfalfa grew to lO inches high, and bloomed. It was a sight to people here. I am just trying a little of each to see what tliey will do in this locality. M. \V. Gardner. . Bankston, Ala., Dec. 4. Bees in Poor Condition. I had no honey tliis year. I had 23.5 colonies of bees one year ago, and now I have not more than 75, and those in poor condition. I have been keeping bees in this State since ISSL, and have always had a good, fair crop until this year. But I am hoping for next year. I presume there will be thousands of colonies lost during the years of 189-1 and 1895 in Southern California. But we have just had a fine rain, which gives us hope for another year. C. C. Thomas. Murietta, Calif., Dec. 20. He Prefers the Gallup Frame. I had 30 colonies, spring count, in " long-idea " hives, and 31 pounds was the average, all late honey. The white clover blossomed, but yielded no nectar. I use the Gallup frame. The Langstroth frame does not seem to winter bees as well here as a deeper frame. There are not manv Langstroth frames in use here any more. I seem to be more successful with the Gallup tlian my neighbors are with the Langstroth frame. The "Old Keliable" comes weekly, and is just what bee-keepers want. L. B Whitney. Covington, Pa., Dec. 10. Report for 1894— T Super, Etc. My report for 1894 is as follows: Comb honey in one-pound sections, 2,500 pounds; extracted, 3,600 pounds. It was all fall honey, as we had no other. My bees are all in pretty good condition for winter. I also had a very fine lot of young queens this year — 124 of 1894, 78 of 1893, 22 of 1S92, and 2 of 1891. My bees were nearly non-swarm- ers this year— only 4 swarms from about 200 colonies. The weather is still wirm, and bees are flying every few days. My 225 col- onies have been in the cellar over 35 days. i would like to say something in re- gard to the "Townsend Section Folder," described on page S2 1 of the Bee Jour- nal for June 28, 1894. Six years ago last spring I made the identical folder, and sent It to Mr. A. I. Root. Then I had him send It to Dr. Mason, who, I suppose, still has it. Now I am no " big gun," nor any fancy writer, but if any of our b<'e-frlends will give me a call, I can show them as line an apiary as there is in the State, and as fine a lot of bees. I should like to say to Dr. Miller, if he ever comes over this way. we would be very much pleased to have him give us a call. I am with the Doctor in the use of the T super case. I would not have any other, as it is the handiest and best all- around case, and the honey can be cleaned the fastest in it, with the least work. N. Staininger. Tipton, Iowa, Dec. 24. A Bee-Keeping' Experience. I sent for Dr. Tinker's "Bee-Keeping for Profit," not so much because I thougnt it would teach me how to get rich from my bees, butbecause I thought it might give me a little instruction as to how to get some honey (comb honey, as that is the kind I want) from my bees next year, i started an apiary near Sea- bright. N. J., last spring. On May 18 I received 5 colonies of bees, with five im- ported Italian queens. For the first three weeks it was cold and wet, and then the summer was very dry. Old bee- keepers tell me it was a very bad year for bees. I have increased my colonies to 8. I lost 3 of the imported queens. I have taken ten one-pound sections of honey, and fed the bees about 150 pounds of sugar syrup. I did not get much honey, but I have one satisfaction — I still have the bees, and I think they are in good condition to go through the winter. I am a little like the fisherman, who said he did not care much for the fish, but it was not much fun fishing un- less he could catch some. So it is with me, with the bees. I don't care so much for the honey, but it would be a great deal more interesting if I could get 50 or 150 pounds of nice comb honey from each of my colonies next year. I shall commence feeding a little the last of ITebruary, or first of March, and try to have full colonies by apple blos- som time. I feel pretty sure (after read- ing the American Bee Journal) that if any one wants honey, he must have bees, and plenty af them. I. N. HOAGLAND. Brooklyn, N. Y., Dec. 10. SIMPLFY HATCHER & OimrLCA BROODER Combined. THE MOST PERFECT Inciibaior Made. Hatches every egj; that a hen could liatch; Regulates it.self auto nialically; Reduces the cost of wuultry raising to a minimum, send fur niustrated Catalogue. lliOEes f^ize $16.00. SIMPLEX MANr'G. CO.. QuIncy.llL IDTt Mentimi the American Bee Journal. ONE MAN WITH THE UNION <^°^irvi^^'°^ Can *J<) the work of four men vising hand tools, in Kipplntr. Outting-off, Mi- trinp-. Ualibeling-, Groov- in^-. Gaining-. Dadoing, Edjiing-iip. Jointing Stuff, etc. Full Lineof Foot and Hand Power Machinery. ■^ ' ''' Sold ori Trial. raUlogae Free. SKNKCA FALLS ITIFG. CO., 46 Water St.. SKNECA FALLS. N. Y, 25D1'2 Mention the Amerirnyi Bee Journal. BBB'S! HEE. ^Drop a Postal^ Drop a Postal in the slot B liilliiiiii#iiX' And Get a Catalofeue^ ►, A list of the best seeds sold anyivhere, at V K right prices, containing over 400 illusti-a- V ►^tions, 2 colored plates and a beautiful S ►, cover. Send for ft at once. S K Mailed Free if you name this paper. N blOWASEED CCDesMoines.Ia^ Mention the AmcrUxin lie*-, nmmai. It .vmi keep BEES, sub- scribe for the Progressive Bee-Keeper— a journal de- voted to Bees, Honey, and kindred induBtrlcs. 50 ctTifs per- year. Sample copv. also beautifullj- Illustrated cat- Ad5rcs "'' Bee-Keepers' Supplies, f LEAHY MFG. CO, HIGGINSVILLE, MO. Mention the American Bee Journal. B-=- IDSt SUCCESSFUI I INCUBATOR U] A cHtalosue givitiK full^ .nforraation regardinK^ artili.:ial hatching anaj brooding, also a treatise^ on poultry ralsluB sent^ FREE. Write now to ' Des Moines locnbator Co.,, Box 1 LIES Moines. lA.' Mention the AmerU:aii lite Journal. *•♦**•♦•••♦♦♦*♦*••********* INCUBATORSi We Warrant -- _ • The Reliables ToH&tcb8upcroenLSsL»Rlcui^TlSG ^ Ltiirable, Comet ia Principle. Leftdtr •J^ , at World's Fair. 6ct3. in stamps for » new 112 page Poultrt Guidt »n.l CUa- ^ it liimie. POULTRY FUR PROFIT m.ide plain. Bed-Roi^k Information. ■*■ ■^ Reliable Incubator and Brooder CcQuincy. 111. -k •••••••••••••••••••AT******* 13D13 Mention the Amei'ican Bee JourndL BERKSHIRE, Chester White, Jersey Bed and Poland CbiB* "iPIGS. Jersey, GuernBey and HolBtpin Cattle. Thoroughbred Sheep. Fancy Poultry. Hunting p and BtmBB Dogs. Catalogue. ruiTlUe, Chester Co.. Pennai Mention the American Bee Journal, A Great Business Training Sciiool. 45 Randolpli St., CHICAGO. Young Men and Women prepared for Profita- ble Employment. Individual Instruction. Able teachers. Thorough Courses in English, Business and Stenographs'. Catalogue sent free. Address, Please mention the 1 A. C. Gondrino. "American Bee Journal." 1 F. B. Vibden. Mention the American Bee JnumaL Barnes' Foot-Power Machinery. Read what J. I. PARKNT.of Charlton. N. Y., saya— *' We cut with one of your Com- bined Machines, last winter 50 chaff hives with 7-in. cap, 100 honey-racks, 500 broad frames, 2,0ih;i honey-boxes and a threat deal of other worfe. This winter we have double the amount of bee- hives, etc., to make and we expect to do It with th Is Saw. Itwill do all you say Itwill. CataloKue and Price - List AddrOBB, W. F. & JOHN BARNES. No. 99S RuDySt.. Rockford. III. Free, 4SCtf Mentimi the A.merica7i Bee Journal 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 15 Largest ctory in the West. -COMPLETE STOCK. - Good Supplies and Low Prices— Our Motto. We are here to serve you, and will, if you grive us a chance. Catalo^ne Free. Address. Mention this Journal. LEAHY MANUFACTURING CO., HiGGINSVILLE. MO. ^Through a generous stroke of business policy on the part of The A. I. Root Company, we are enabled to make the readers of the " American Bee Journal " some most unparalleled offers. And by so doing we ought to double our list of sub- scribers before Feb. 1, 1895. rr^Every bee-keeper who expects to make a success with bees, besides having the weekly " American Bee Journal," should also have a copy of the latest edition ROOT'S A B 0 OF BEE-CULTURE. It is a Cyclopedia of everything pertaining to the care of the honey-bee ; it contains 400 pages about 6J.cr," true. Aildrcbs. THEW.T.FALCOMMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. (Establlelied 14 Years.) J/CJitiOH Vic American Dec Journal. INCUEtJtTOIlS : In-Duiir i Out-Door Brooders. 112 FIRST PREMIUMS. Send lor 114-paKe Illustrated ' Prairie State liieubator Co. Homer Citv, Pa. Wheh Answering this advertisement, mention this journal. Att'^iitioii, Bee-Keepers ! RKnK.tlBUK, that Jcnnii- Atohley Is pre- pared to mall you an Untested Queen for $1.00 any day In the year. She will rear tor her lHi>."> trade, the old Leatlier-l'olored or 3- Band Italians; .'j-liaud and SIlver.Gray Carni- olans reared in separate yards at a sate dis- tance. Pricci., from January to June, Un- tested. $1.00; $5.00 for 6: $9.00 per dozen. Tested :)Baud. $1.50. Tested 5 Band and Car- nlolan. $2.50 each. Fine Breeders, ofeithcr race. $5.00. My very best stihioht o-Band Breeders, $10.00 each. .,«,„„ Been hy the Pound, $1.00: Nuclei. $1.00 a Frame: Full Colonies, $6.00, with Untested It is now proven that Bees shipped North In April and IVIay pay well, and stronif Slrame Nuclei and Queens will build up and nive a cney ciop. This is one of my Speciai^ties. afe arrival and satisfaction Kuaranteed. 1 am now preparing to be ready to till all orders lor BEES and QUEENS proiuplly, and if you contomplate huylnjj: any Bees or Queens It will be to your interest to write ine for Prices on Laifre I.oJs and to the Irade. Let me book your orders. Badant's Founda- tlou on hand. ALL BEE-SUPPLIES r*^ Send (or Oalalogue. _^t laWtS, JENNIE ATCHLY, BEEVILLE, Bee Co., TEX. 3/c»fio7i, Ihc Aiiicriatn Dec Journal. MUTH'S HOKEY EXTBACTOB PEHFECTION ('old-BlaHt Smokers, Square ftlasK Honey Jars, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Mcth & Son. Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O. Send lOr for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepera. juenlion the American Bee Journal. Globe Be e^eil By Mail for One Dollar. rive cross-lmrs nro rlvlted In tlio •celitro at tlie tup. These licnlvl» -i.iiinnellv in a ea.ie. Ixt',x7 Inches. ^■■^Ka^— the wlKile welk-hlnk- bat R ounces. Iteanbowornoverani.nllnnryhal: tits any head: do^ mZTstTuet the visl.iu. nr„l can be worn 1 n N;d without dl.comf ort. Ills a bwon to any one whoir flies bother, mosqultos bite, or bocs atlng. BT This Veil weclubwlth the Bee Journ foroneyear-boih for $1.75: or give free as Premium lor sending us :) New bubscrlbers to the Bee Journal atll.OO each. mf'^'i To the PiiMisiiors of American Bee Journal, 56 Fifth Avenue, CHICAGO, ILL,. X I line P. O. Stiile .Please Cnt Ont Tills wliole Advt. Mi;;n, aud mall. t^^ Please send me the Aifiorican [tr« jQurn,tl each week for Three .Months. At the end of vbat time I will re- mltJl.OO for 1 year's ► ubscrlption, or 25c. in case I decide to discontinue. 160 -PAGE BEE -BOOK FREE. We have issued a New Premium Edition of "BEES AND HONEY" —a book written by Mr. Thomas G. Newman, ex-editor of the " American Bee ■Journal." It is bound in tinted paper cover, has 160 pages, and contains over ISO illustrations. It is just the book for begiuners in bee-keeping, as well as for the more advanced. We mail this book FREE to every New Subscriber who sends us $1.00 for tlie " Bee Journal " for one year. tW If you wish, you can send us the .§1.00 at the end of the 3 months, as per offer above, and we will send you the Book free at that time, if requested. GEORGE W. TORK & CO., 56 Fifth Ave., CHICAGO, ILLS. THE "NOVELTY" POCKET-KNIFE! GEO. W. YORK, CHICAGO, ILLS. Yonr Name on the Knife.— When ordering', be sure to say just what Name and Address you wish put on the Knife. The Novelty Knife Is Indeed a novelty. The novelty lies In the handle. It is made beautifully of iiidestru tible celluloid, which is as transparent as glass. Underneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed an American Bee Journal reminder, and on the other sid.:. name and residence of the Subscriber. The material entering- into this celebrated knife Is of the very best quality; the blades are handforjred out of the very finest EoKlish razor-steel, and we warrant every blade. The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or corrode. The rivets are hardened German silver wire: the linings are plate Inuss; the back springs of Sheffleld spring steel, and the finish of handle as described above. It will last a lifetime, with proper usage. AVIiy purchase the Novelty Knife? In case a good knife is lost, the chances are. the owner will never recover it; but if the Novelty is lost, having name and address of owner, the finder will return it: otherwise to try to destroy the name and address, would destroy the knife. If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so fortunate as to have one of the Novelties, your pocket knife will serve as as an Identifier; and in case of death, your relatives will at once be apprised of the accident. How appropriate this knife is for a Christmas, New Tearor birthday present 1 What more lasting memento could a mother give to a sou. a wife to a husband, a sister to a brother, a lady to a gentleman, or vice versa, a son to a mother, a husband to a wife, abrothertoasister ;>r a gentleman to a lady — the knife having the name of the recipient on one side ? The accompanying cut gives a faint idea, but cannot fully coitvey an exact representa- tion of this beautiful knife, as the *' Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated. Howr to Get this Valuable Knife — We send itpostpaiil. for$l.'2.5. or give it as a Premium to the one sending us three new Siibscrlberx to the Bee Joudn-'VL (with $3.00), and we will also send to each new name a copy of the Premium Edition of the book '■ Bees and Hone- " We club the Novelty Knife with the Bee Journal for one year, both for fl.90. Any Wame and Address Put on the Knife. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. Allo-w about t-wo -weeks for your order to be filled. The "«oo(l Luck "Watch! AGoodTi Stem Wind and Set. This Watch Is one that you need not be ashamed to own or carr.v. It is much better than a great many of the Gold Plated and Gold Filled Watches that are now on the mar- ket. We guarantee this Watch to be first-class In every particular, with full Nlckle Swiss movement. Jew- eled pinion. The case is a hand- some nlckle sliver one. We fully warrant it for 5 years. Price, post- paid. Ji.'.IO; or clubbed with the Uee Journal for one year— both for only *3..nO. Or we will mail the Watch free for K New Subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year, and copy of •• Uees and Honey " to each Address, GEORGE W. YORK &jCO., 56 Fifth Ave., CHICAGO, ILL. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. 35tli Year. CHICAGO, ILL., JANUARY 10, 1895. No. 2. Cojptributed /Vrticles> On Important Ajii&rian Sut>jeots, The Production of Comb Honey. The first of a series of articles on this subject. BY EMERSON T. ABBOTT. Why write anything more on this subject? Has not all been said that can be said ? Why should I ba expected to write on the subject, anyway ? I am sure I do not know why, except that Editor York has asked me to do so ; and, as a matter of business, I have agreed to comply with his request. I do not mean to say by this that I do not have any ideas on the subject of comb honey. Neither do I mean to say that my ideas are exactly the same as all other people's, and therefore EMERSO!^ r. ABBOTT, Ex-President of the North American Bee- Keepers' Association. there is no use to take time and space to express them. No, I do not mean anything of this kind, for many of my ideas are not like other people's, as you will discover, Mr. Editor, from the way the bee-keepers will be hopping onto my^notions be- fore I get through with this series of articles. I write, then, because the editor asked me to do so, be- ;ause I have something to say, and because — well, I do not know as it is necessary for me to give all the reasons why I write. " Why write any more about comb honey ?" Why write any more about anything? Why preach the gospel of good works ? Why talk temperance reform, etc., etc., etc.?j^SimpIy because there are people in the world who need reforming, and because there are children growing up in the world who JA3IES A. STONE. Secretary of the Illinos State Bee-Keepeis' Assoeiation. (See Report in lliis number.) need teaching so they may not go astray and need reforming, too. I apprehend, Mr. Editor, that you have some readers who have not read all that the " wise men " of the ages have writ- ten on the subject of comb honey, and to them I address myself. To begin with the bottom facts, WHAT IS NECESSARY IN ORDER TO SECURE COMB HONEY? Why, bees, of course ! I presume Dr. Miller would say, "No ; that is not it. There must first be some nectar in the flowers." But I am not intending to be switched off the track by any such a frivolous objection as that. If he cannot find any nectar in Illinois, all there is of it he must move to the alfalfa regions of Colorado, or else call a convention in his own State, and spend his time talking "bee-talk" until some nectar comes. Bees, then, are what we want. What kind of bees? 18 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 10, " Italians, of course," say the "wise men of the East," and of the West, too, for that matter. I am not siiro Ihpy are cor- rect, now I have come to think of It. But, Mr. Editor, Is it safe to speak right out and say what I think, for must not tlie queen-breeder and supply dealer — and I am among them — live ? " Sirs, ye know that by this craft we have our wealth;"' but " craft " or no " craft," facts cannot bo ignored, and tlin fact is ITALIAN BEKS ARK. NOT THE BEST BEES FOB COMB HONEY. I hope that the day will come when extracted honey will be an article of general consumption, but I fear that the day is a long way off when comb honey will be considered in the light of anything but a luxury. As long as this is the ease, appearance will be everything, especially in the market, and on the tables of the rich. The man who runs his apiary for comb honey cannot afford to ignore appearances. The comb honey of otiier bees is not any better to the taste than that of Italians, and I have been led to doubt some- times if it was as good, but it is whiter, and this is what the people demand in comb honey. Whiteness will almost hold its own against all other qualities combined. This being true, the Italian bees will have to take second place in comb honey production. Of course, I am not alone in holding this view, as Mr. Heddon pushed it prominently to the front years ago, and Mr. Hutchinson gave the idea his hearty endorsement in his book. It was not from either of these gentlemen, how- ever, that I got this idea, but from being an exhibitor of honey at agricultural fairs, where I learned what it was that at- tracted the attention of the crowd the most. The disposition of Italians to cling to the combs might have been a serious objection to them at one time, but in this age of bee-escapes, surely no one will think of trying to get the bees out of the supers in any other way. But more of this in the future. There are also some other objections to the Italians as comb honey producers, but none are as serious as the one I have emphasized. We must have a bee which does not fill the cells so full of honey and cap so close down on it, if we want to secure the kind of honey the market demands. As we are learning every year to handle the bees less in securing a crop of honey, I do not know as many of the objections which have been made against the German bees would now hold. I, at least, should not despair of securing a crop of fine comb honey with them, if I lived in the alfalfa regions of Colorado or Kansas. Perhaps A CROSS BETWEEN THE GREY BEES AND THE ITALIANS would give vim and energy to the Stock, and not detract any from the whiteness of the honey. Many of the so-called hybrids — mongrels — are about as quiet as the pnre Italians. I have had great hopes of a cross between the Carniolans and the Ital- ians, and have not yet given up the idea that the Carniolan bee will in some way prove a boon to the comb honey producer of the future. I am not so certain but a mixture of Carniolan blood with our common gray bee would be a good thing. I am sure that the comb honey producer will find it to his advan- tage to instill as much Carniolan blood as possible into his apiary. But, says one, that will make the bees swarm more. I am not so sure of this, if they are handled properly; but what if it does make them swarm ? IT IS THE SWARMING BEES THAT GATHER HONEY ; and all this talk of a non-swarming race is a fallacy, in my opinion. You might just as well talk of a non-laying hen be- ing the best to hatch eggs 1 We may control the swarming impulse in a degree, but to destroy it is to make the bee another animal, and it cannot be done. I, for one, do not care to do it, even if it can be done. The last bees I would select for comb honey are the so- called 5-banded bees, or yellow bees. The Cyprians are worse, if anything, about giving their honey a watery appearance than the Italians, and all of the so-called FIVE-BANDED BEES HAVE MORE OR LESS CYPRIAN BLOOD IN THEM. I am aware that Mr. Doollttlo, Mrs. Atchley, and others, claim that they know that their 5-banded bees have nothing but Italian blood in them. 1 should like to know, though, how they can be so sure about this. Have they had charge of the mating of the ancestors of these bees for generations back? More, I am not so sure that all yellow bees do not have some Cyprian blood in them. I might say just here that I think the bee-keepers have made something of a mistake in catering to this demand for white comb honey. In many cases, J/car t/iat vie get ivIiUc tumey at the expense of name other more desirable qualities. Especially is this true in the case of basswood honey, for in his great haste to get it off of the hive while perfectly white, the bee-keeper frequently removes his honey before it is well cured, and then it lacks body, and richness of flavor. In some cases it is so thin and watery that it sours or granulates in the cnmbs, either of which spoils it, of course. I think the richest and finest flavored Missouri honey I ever saw was gathered by a colony of bees, the mother of which came direct from Syria, tlirough Mr. Frank Benton. This honey was a long ways from white. I mean the cap- pings. They were a rich straw-color, as nearly as I can de- scribe it. So you can see that WE DO NOT WANT SYRIAN BEES, if we are to cater to the demand of the general public for white hooey. I noticed, however, while I had these bees, that it is very easy to teach the consumer that the whitest honey is not always the best honey ; for when I would take my cus- tomers some of this honey and explain the matter to them, and get them to try it, they would always ask for more. However, it is a theory of mine that life is too short to try to prove to every man that the thing he wants is not the best, and so I say, when convenient, let him have his own choice, and we can take the time we might spend convincing him, in providing for the wants of another customer. The public wants white comb honey, and we may just as well keep the bees that pro- duce it. The whiter it Is, the more ready sale it will find. The next thing of importance in the production of comb honey is a hive, and I will begin my next article with a discus- sion of this. St. Joseph, Mo. (To be coutLDued.) Comments on Hive Constructioti and Tests. BY EDWIN BEVINS. After reading the article by P. L. Thompson, in the American Bee Journal for Nov. 8, 189-1, I felt like shouting with old Archimedes — " Eureka !" But, after reading the re- plies to Query 950, my ardor was considerably cooled, though It is not yet down to the freezing-point. I still persist in be- lieving that I have found it — that is, I have found a way to enlarge the breeding-room of the 8-frame hive without having to change the size of the section-cases, bottom-boards or cov- ers. Whether the kuowledge obtained by the reading of Mr. Thompson's article will be of any practical advantage to me or not, is something that I see I have got to find out by experi- ment. If t ever find out at all. The replies to Query 950, as is the case with the replies to almost all of the Queries that have preceded it, don't settle anything. Some of the persons answering this Query say "Yes;" others, whose opinions are equally entitled to respect, say "No ;" some say " I don't know," and others answer as if they neither know nor care. Talk about the science of api- culture! Science to the dogs! Apiculture is one prolonged, never-ending inter rogation -point. This enlargement of the brood-chamber downwards seems to me to have some advantages over enlargement sidewise, but then " I don't know." It Is one of the things, however, that some fellow might find out if he thought it worth his while. Some comb-honey producers I see do not think it worth while, being satisfied v/ith the standard frame, or wish- ing they had a shallower one. I know that I had some colo- nies of bees the past season that were too big to be comfort- able in the ordinary 8-frame hive, and I am going to give some of them a chance to work for comb honey next season in less restricted quarters. I shall make this winter several 8-frame hives having frames with end-bars two inches longer than the ones I now use. Mr. Thompson sees no serious obstacle to the general use of this kind of frame except the " standard." He bewails the standard very much as Shakespeare makes Lucrece be- wail opportunity. If he made his own hives and used only a handsaw, a hammer, a square, a plain, and a jack-knife to make them with, he would not care a tinker's ladle for the standard. Of course, one will have to use the open-end hang- ing frame, but lots of bee-keepers do that, and don't seem to know that they are hurt much. I confess that I like the V- edged Hoffman a little better, and I guess that some supply maker could be Induced, for a little extra pay, to cut the end- bars two inches longer, and that would make fair sailing so far as I am concerned, as I do not want anybody to make hive-bodies for me. When spring comes I am going to try some double-headed experiments with these deeper hives and the ordinary dove- tailed liivos. In order to have the conditions as nearly equal 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 19 as possible, I shall send South for several three-pound lots of bees, and an untested Italian queen with each lot. Half of these lots I will place in hives with the deep frames, and half in hives of standard size, and give all the same care as nearly as possible through the season. Will not this be a fair test, and help to determine the relative value of the two kinds of hives ? I would get some nuclei from some Northern bee-keeper, each of which should cost the same as one lot of the Southern bees, as nearly as possible, and divide them between the two kinds of hives as before mentioned, but here the standard comes in and puts a stop to experimentation. I do not see any way yet to circumvent the standard. But, anyhow, I will get some nuclei and place them in standard hives in order to determine whether the same amount of money expended for a nucleus will bring as good returns as an equal amount ex- pended for a 3-pound lot of Southern bees. Next fall, if nothing happens, I will tell the readers of the American Bee Journal how I came out. A PROPHETIC VISION. I am looking forward with considerable interest to the next meeting of the North American, at Toronto. I may not be there, but I have a prophet's vision of some of the things that may be seen at that convention. I see Dr. Miller there, and I also see him arise and make a speech, the burden of which is, " I don't know." I see John McArthur there, going through the instructive and money-making process of sulphur- ing 200 to 400 colonies of Italian and Carniolan bees. I see A. I. Root there, trying to persuade some fellow to forego the use of tobacco, and go to raising Prizetaker onions in the dovetailed hive. And, lastly, but not leastly, I see Emerson Eat'n Hasty Pudd'n there, in his Ku-Klux robe. Leon, Iowa. % Somethiug About California Bee-Keepiug. BY DR. E. GALLUP. I enclose a sample letter similar to dozens that I receive, and here is about what I have to say to them : It is a hard matter to get permanent employment with bee-keepers here, as the bee-keepers are only obliged to hire help about three months in the year in an ordinary season, and most of them do not hire at all, as they do all necessary work within their own families. Bee-keepers are all honorable, so far as I have been ac- quainted with them in this State, without a single exception. Apiaries are located up in the mountains or foot-hills — none in the valleys, to speak of. They are isolated, and away from society. The families of bee-keepers — a great many of them — live in the valleys or cities, except about three months in the year. They then move to the bee-ranch during ex- tracting time, and live there in a sort of camping-out life. The owner goes up to the bee-ranch occasionally at other times in the year. Bee-keeping here is altogether different from that in the East. For example, take Mr. Miller, who lives here in Santa Ana. His apiary is located about 30 miles up in the moun- tains, in a beautiful canyon, called " Belle Canyon " — among live-oaks and sycamores. He has a few acres in fruit, and a vegetable garden, and hired only a common hand, when he took out 45 tons of honey in one season. He usually keeps about 275 to 300 colonies. In an apiary of that size there is very little swarming — only about sufficient to keep the num- ber good. The apiarist himself does all the necessary work, and only attends to them occasionally, except at extracting time. There is no trouble in fixing for winter. After the hives are once made, extracting house, fixings, etc., there is com- paratively little to do — not enough to pay for keeping a hired hand. The season of 1894 was an entire failure. It was the first for the whole country in 17 years. Bees fly and gather pollen here almost every day in the year. I have been here 15 years, and in all that time I have known only five days in any one year that bees did not fly. They are now (Nov. 26) humming on the eucalyptus, and will be until February. Then comes willow and other bloom. They have had to be fed this season, but they have filled up well this fall. Where they have been properly cared for, they have been self-sustaining in all those 17 years, in most of the apiaries. One bee-keeper said to me the past season, "If I should have to feed a ton of sugar to keep my bees alive, they have more than paid for it three thousand fold ;" and he was correct. Two persons can extract and can 1,000 pounds per day, and not work so very hard, either, where everything is con- venient. While the extracting season lasts there is no bother from robber bees, as in a good season they will scarcely stop to clean up any honey that is spilled or daubed about the hives. Where else can one find 360 days out of the 365 of cli- mate, for we have climate in summer as well as winter here? There was a great scare here about foul brood the past season, but it did not " pan out" foul brood at all. Now, Mr. Editor, perhaps it would be as well to place Gallup's name at the head of his articles instead of the tail, and then " Business" could skip them, as California climate does not set well on his stomach. But it agrees with me first- rate. Santa Ana, Calif. [The letter referred to by Dr. Gallup in the first part of his article, contained a number of questions about California bee-keeping, which are so clearly answered in the foregoing that it is quite unnecessary to also print the letter. In fact, the questions can easily be surmised by reading the answers. Yes, "Business" can skip Dr. G.'s writings, and no " slight " will be felt. —Editor.] % The Five-Banded Bees and Golden Italians. Br H. F. COLEMAN. I am greatly interested in what that chief of bee-masters — Mr. G. M. Doolittle— has to say with reference to 5- banded bees, as given on page 648 (Nov. 22, 1894) ; and I am clearly of the opinion that in producing the bees he charac- terizes as the " 5-banded bees," the Italian side has been strictly adhered to. But pardon me, if I express the idea that the bees he so characterizes are not what we know iu this locality as " the 5-banded bees." There is certainly a very marked difference. It has been my pleasure to examine closely bees from queens reared by Mr. Doolittle, and compare them with bees known here as the 5-banded variety, and I find that the difference is so marked that even a novice would have no trouble in detecting it. The 5-banded bees here are evidently crosses with Cyprian or Syrian blood. The abdomens, except the tip, are almost a solid yellow, and their temper is so different from that of the Italians, that it betrays itself. The Doolittle bees, in the main, are gentle, and not nearly so yellow as our 5-banders, and in my experience are better honey-gatherers. The Doolittle bees should be known as the "Golden Italians," or bees that have been bred for beauty as well as utility ; and the others as " the 5-banded bees," or a cross between Italians, Cyprians or Syrians, and bred more for beauty than utility. I would not be understood, however, as saying that the 5- banded bees are not good honey-gatherers, but in my experi- ence the Golden Italians (for such as I call them) are ahead of the 5-banders, and as to gentleness, they are certainly far ahead. There is another difference that is well to be remem- bered, and that is, the Golden Italians are somewhat larger than the 5-banded. I have both kinds in my yard, and have given each due attention, and speak from actual experience and observation. I have no interest in the matter but truth. Sneedville, Tenn. Does the Queen Will It ? — Introducing. BY W. H. PRIDGBN. The above is a question asked on page 617 (Nov. 15, 1894). Now, I do not propose to try to answer the question, as Dr. Miller failed, for I have long since learned that I do not always know what I think I do. But some of my experience last summer caused me to come to the conclusion that Mrs. L. Harrison's reply to Query No. 944, did not miss the mark, which was, "Workers are 'boss,' and control the queen." And I believe it holds good as to laying as well as swarming. I don't know anything about the will power of the queen. She may will the sex of her eggs, but I believe she lays the kind the workers want, and where they want them. The last of June, 1894, a large swarm issued, that I hived on drawn combs, being late in the season. Wishing to super- sede the old queen, I removed her and gave them a young one from a small nucleus, but I soon saw that they were not satis- fied with the change, and found the queen balled. So I caged her over hatching brood taken from another colony, but they would not receive her kindly in three days. I caged her again, and waited three more days, and on opening the hive I found 20 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 10, that the bees had Riiawcd the comb away and released her. I found pges in all llio drone-comb, and, as I thoiiRht, all the queen-cells torn down on the comb of brood I gave them, and thouRht all was well — ami possibly would have been, had I not disturbed them. But on opening the nucleus I took her from, the next day, to remove a batch of choice colls I put in it three days after removing the iiueon, I found this same queen in it laying, but no tiueeu-cells. It was hard to believe, but on ex- amining the full colony I found that the bees stopped her after she had destroyed all the cells but one, and had eggs in all the drone-comb and none in the worker-comb. In the nucleus she only laid in worker-comb before and after her removal. I destroyed the cell left, and gave them to another queen which gave satisfaction. Don't you suppose that the workers, being dissatisfied with the queen they balled, " willed" thatshe lay drone-eggs? I also learned not to risk a lot of cells where I remove a ymmri queen to introduce to another colony in my own apiary, without clipping her wings ; for if they are not received kindly they will return, but after getting old they may not be able to locate their former home. The case mentioned above is not the only one I have known. The first of August a large swarm issued (from another hive), the queen got lost, and the bees returned. Seven days later I removed all queen-cells, and wishing to try a queen from a noted Northern breeder, I ordered one, and prepared a lot of cell-cups for them to complete while waiting for the queen. At the expiration of ten days I removed the cells, and as the queen had not arrived, I gave them a comb containing eggs to keep them quiet. On Aug. 23 the queen arrived ; I destroyed the cells on the comb given them, and introduced her. On the 2(ith they swarmed out with my new queen, and thinking that I must have overlooked a cell, I examined again, and found no cell, but an egg in every queen-cup I saw, and but few anywhere else. I returned the bees and queen, and the cells were not completed. Do you suppose the " will " of the workers had anything to do with that ? Right here I want to say to Mrs. Atchley that they just did have sealed brood enough to count, for it was a piece not larger than my hand. The honey-flow from sourwood the first of July (from which I got about 25 pounds per colony, and my only surplus) gave my bees the swarming fever, and I resorted to caging some of the queens to prevent it, and they would often swarm again in two days after being released, with only eggs in the queen-cups. To combine the hatching-brood and candy plans of intro- ducing, make a hole near one corner of the cage, which stop with a cork until you think the queen would be received. Then lemove the cork and fill the hole with candy, and let the bees release her. Creek, N. C. The Season of 1894— HoHey-Plants. BY E. 8. LOVESY. I have watched the reports of the honey-flow this season with much interest. They form a conundrum which seems hard to solve. They include reports of enormous yields of honey down to almost nothing, and from some localities we hear that the bees are starving, and what is annoying is, that these various reports come from ths same localities. We can understand why there has been little or no honey-flow in the drouth-strick(Mi districts, but when we see bee-keepers living in the same neighborhood, and some report a large yield of honey while their neighbors report that their bees have gath- ered no surplus, we are inclined to think there must bo other causes than the lack of honey-producing plants. In some localities honey-producing plants are very scarce. When this is the case bee-keepers should try to supply the de- ficiency, or move to some more favored locality. H(U'e, in Utah, we always have from a moderate to a good honey-flow, and as our lucerne fields increase in size and number, so do our honey-flows increase. For hay and honey combined, I do not know of any plant that will equal it; a plant that will grow from five to seven tons of hay to the acre, and often give a good honey-flow — what more could we ask ? If any of our bee-keeping friends wish to try it, they should get the soil ready in the fall (also the seed, while it is cheap), and sow early in the spring. A large portion of our honey-flow hero, this year, came from lucerne and sweet clover. While some complain that the season of 1894 was a poor one, others re- port large yields of honey. Some report 200 and 800 pounds to the colony. My bees, the past season, averaged a little over 130 pounds to the colony, the non-swarmers doing much the best. I traveled through five counties the past season, and with one exception where I found strong colonies, they have done well. The one instance I found six strong colonies in dry- goods boxes of various sizes and shapes, with cracks cut on the top of the boxes, and other loose boxes laid over them, the object being to have the bees crawl through those cracks and fill the top boxes, but the bees did not seem to see it that way, for I found lO pounds of honey in one box large enough to hold 200 pounds, all the rest being e-npty. Now, if our bee-keepers would adopt some good hive- something simple and easy to handle — and keep their colonies always strong, as far as tltah is concerned I do not think there would be much complaint of a poor honey-flow. I read the statistics on page 802 of Gleanings for 1894, and I notice that Utah is put down as very unfavorable. To this I protest. Besides the five counties that I visited, we re- ceived some excellent reports at our convention held in this city Oct. -1, from southern counties, some going so far as to say that it has been the best season they have seen for years. I do not think there ever was, or ever will be, a season in which everybody will succeed, but much of it is due to man- agement. Some assert that they have never had a failure, or what could be called an unprofitable season. Let us hope that this class may increase. Salt Lake City, Utah. Report of the Illinois State Convention. BY J AS. A. STONE. # The fourth annual meeting of the Illinois State Bee- Keep- ers' Association was held at Springfield, on Nov. 13 and 14, 1894. It was regretted very much that Pres. J. M. Ham- baugh was just about to leave the State for California, and could not be present. The meeting was called to order by the Secretary, and the Rev. Thos. D. Logan offered prayer. He thanked the Lord that among His manifold works He had made even the little bee to do service for man, and prayed that we might ever be ready to see His hand in all His bounti- ful gifts to us. W. J. Finch, Jr., of .Springfield, was elected temporary chairman. The minutes of the last meeting were read and approved. A recess was taken that members might have an opportunity to pay their fees. The Secretary adopted Mr. Benton's plan of " numbering" the members, which was a great saving of time in writing, for the Secretary. The numbers were pasted on the back of the badges, and could be turned either side out, as needed. The Secretary's Report. The Secretary's report was read as follows, and then dis- cussed : At our last meeting, nearly one year ago, our membership was not very large, and as the Chicago meeting was postponed on account of the North American meeting at that place, our only means for increasing the membership of the Association was by some way to be managed through correspondence. Acting upon the method the Secretary thought best, 300 pos- tal cards were sent out to those most likely to become mem- bers, informing them that members would be entitled to cloth- bound copies of the report that would soon issue — beside other benefits that only members would participate in. Like notices were sent out through the bee-papers. For awhile after these notices were sent out, as many as three persons sent in their fees for membership by one mail. After a short time it was forgotten, and they only came in very scattering. When our report came out it proved to be so many pages more than we first calculated on, that the cost was in conse- quence greater, and therefore not as much left to pay postage as we had hoped ; so we gave notice through the bee-papers that any one desiring the Second Annual Report could have it by forwarding 8 cents in stamps to pay for postage and wrap- ping. For a few days a rush was made for them at the rate of three or four by each mail ; but as the notice was lost sight of, the desire for the reports went out of mind, as the old proverb runs — "Out of sight, out of mind." A few weeks ago I asked Mr. York, editor of the Ameri- can Bee Journal, to continue the notice for a few weeks. Since which time requests are being sent in (accompanied by the stamps) at the rate of half a dozen or more a week. In compliance with the resolution of our last meeting in- structing the Secretary to send out reply postals — requesting answers to the prescribed questions^relating to the honey crop, all the readers of the bee-papers are familiar with the result. As the honey crop was about gathered before the 1S95. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 21 September report was In, it was not thought necessary to send out the October series. I have corresponded with the proper authorities at the University of Illinois regarding the experiment station for bee-keepers, and have twice had encouraging answers — that something would in all probability be done to give our interest a place in the station. I believe that with the proper steps, taken in the right way, something will yet be done for us. Jas. a. Stone, Sec. The question-box was then taken up, as follows: Bees Flying: in Confinement. Jas. Poindexter asked for information as to letting bees fly while in confinement. Chas. Becker advised letting the bees out while in the cellar, by opening the cellar door, and they all seemed to go back to their own hives. On one occasion his cellar was alive with bees all over the outside of the hives, and some of them had found holes to get out of the cellar; so he opened the door and let them have their own way. At night they all went back, and into the hives. Sec. Stone — Did not your bees fight, and leave a great lot of dead bees around the entrance to the cellar or the hives ? Mr. Becker — No; they all seemed to go into their own hives. Geo. F. Bobbins — The fact that Mr. Becker's bees did not fight, is no proof that they all found their own hives. Bees will not fight unless the conditions are such that they will suspect one another of being robbers or intruders. Bees rec- ognize robbers mainly by actions, but if actions or circum- stances are such that they may not suspect strange bees of being robbers, or if the inmates are very much excited, those bees will not be molested. I have for some years practiced moving a hive off some distance, to allow a neighboring hive to catch all the field-bees. I can set a newly-hived swarm on almost any stand in the apiary, and I have by moving the old colony away, strengthened weak colonies by the same means. S. N. Black — When bees are packed closely in a cellar, they get the scent of one another so that if they get lost they go into any hive and are at home. Are Bees Governed by Color or Location ? Mr. Poindexter — Do bees go to their hive by color or location ? Mr. Becker — Bees go for location, and not for color or looks of the hive. Mr. Poindexter -I am satisfied that my bees have gone to the wrong hives. I placed them in the orchard where the trees were all alike — the same number of hives under each tree, and have known them to go to the next row north or south of their own hive. Sec. Stone — I once had an occurrence that satisfied me beyond a doubt that bees went altogether by location. Near the middle of the day, while many of the bees were out at work, I resolved to make a test of the amount of honey gath- ered each day by one of my best colonies. In placing the scales under the hive, it raised it about four inches higher than before — having a wood-colored board at the same level where the alighting-board of a white hive had been before. As the bees came in from the fieid they alighted on the board that was where the alighting-board of the hive had been, till there were several quarts of bees gathered there ; and they were a day or two getting righted — that is, to find their hive just four inches higher than it had been. Since that day I only paint my hives one color — while. Mr. Becker — I had an experience just like that. The convention then adjourned until 1:30 p.m., when it was again called to order, by Vice-Pres. S. N. Black. W. J. Finch, Jr. — I understand that the Secretary has several essays, sent in by persons who could not attend. Would it not be well to hear one of them now ? The Secretary then read the following essay by Mrs. L. Harrison, of Peoria, entitled. How Can the Bee-Keepers of Illinois In- crease the Honey-Flow? In looking backward during the last decade, in the State of Illinois, we find that honey-plants have decreased in an alarming ratio. The severe cold winters, an(i prolonged sum- mer drouths, have descroyed the orchards on the rich, black prairie soils. In many localities fruit-trees have disappeared — their dead trunks have been taken to the woodpile, and the places that once knew them, know them no more forever. Fruit-bloom was a very important factor in rearing young bees to gather the white clover harvest. Experiments should be made, to ascertain if possible what kind of fruit-trees take kindly to rich, alluvial soils, to furnish both fruit and honey. Small fruits, especially the raspberry, should be cultivated; bets gather delicious nectar from its bloom, for the period of three weeks, and its refreshing fruit, if not cut short by drouths, is ripening for a like period. " He who would live at ease. Should cultivate both fruit and bees." Locust trees, especially the honey-locust, yield ranch honey and make good wind-breaks. Wild cherry yields bitter honey, but it can be utilized in rearing brood. Dan-de-li-ons are not to be despised, for they yield much pollen and some honey ; this season they have bloomed twice — spring and fall. It is now the last of October, and they are still blooming, and bees are carrying water and rearing brood. White clover, what the Indians call "the white man's foot," should not be left to care for itself, but have fostering care. In many localities in Illinois it has become almost ex- tinct ; seed should be scattered in pastures and meadows, that its modest bloom may again be seen, and delicious nectar gathered— fit food for gods and men. The honey has a world- wide reputation, and no superior. May it again appear upon our tables and in our markets ! Alsike or Swedish clover — trifolium hybrida— is first cousin to the white and red, and is coming into favor for hay and pasture. Fortunate is the beekeeper who is located near fields of it. Its growth should be encouraged by all lovers of the busy bee. Sweet clover blooms all summer and late in autumn, until the ground freezes. Its blooming occupies the interim be- tween white clover and fall flowers. The white variety— melilotus alba— grows from three to six feet high ; it grows up rank and green in very early spring, and fowls are very fond of it. Stock do not take naturally to it, but acquire a taste for it. It is said to make very good hay, and sweet scented when dry, and should be cut when young, before the stalks become woody. Melilotus officinalis has yellow flowers, blooms a month earlier than the white, and grows from two to three feet high. These clovers have fallen into bad company, being classed among the noxious weeds of Illinois, but they do not merit such treatment. It takes kindly to poor, gravelly embank- ments, keeping them from gullying and washing away, and by its deep roots lightens and fertilizes the soil. In localities where the honey-flow was meager, when these clovers were introduced a marked change was soon apparent. By yielding honey during drouths, brood-rearing was stimulated, and a large force of workers were reared to take advantage of the fall bloom. On our rich prairie lands, before the advent of tiling, bees found rich pasture in wet places; but now these are drained, and subject to the plow and reaper, and the bees have only a few flowers protected by hedges and fences. Along the water-courses, where the land was subject to overflow, which left as it receded a rich deposit, promoting the growth of fall flowers, it is being drained and leveed, which cuts off a honey supply from this source. What are we going to do about it? It would appear to be wisdom to take the subject of bee-pasturage under careful consideration. While it may be true that it does not pay to raise a crop for honey alone, it would be well to plant those that have a dual value. And there are others who cannot plant a crop of any kind, yet they could increase their bee- pasturage by judiciously sowing the seeds of honey-plants in all waste places within flight of their bees. The bee-keepers of California are re-seeding lauds where the sage has been de- stroyed by fire. Mrs. L. Harrison. After the reading of Mrs. Harrison's essay, Mr. Black asked, " Does any one know of any plant that would pay to grow for honev alone ?" • u t No decided opinions were giving on this question, but some thought that sweet clover would come nearest to tilling the need in that direction. The Secretary remarked that dur- ing his stay at the World's B'air he took a trip to Compton, in Lee county, to E. Miller's, and at that time (Aug. 8) Mr. Miller had three barrels of extracted honey and :i,300 pounds of comb honev from 35 colonies of bees, and there was noth- ing for them io gather honey from but sweet clover, on the highways, which were lined with it, besides seven acres which Mr. Miller had sown for the bees. Mr. Miller's opinion was that his bees had gathered nearly all the honey from the sweet clover, as there was but little whiteclover, and there had been no linden. , An essay by Thomas G. Newman was then read by tne .Secretary, entitled. "Bees in Other Climes and Other Days. [See this essay on page 2S.— Ku.l (CoocttideiJ Jicxt week.) 22 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 10, ( l)NI)CCTf;D IIV iJK. C-. C MII.r.BR, M.\RI£]!fGO, U.K. [Queslions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct.] Bees Affected with the Diarrhea. What can I do for bees that have the diarrhea ? E. L. Answkr. — Generally nothing but to fervently hope for a day to come warm enoush for them to have a good flight. See that the hive is not closed up too tight, and if they are in the cellar il may be a good plan to warm up the cellar to 50° or more. How a Queen Should Be Clipped. On clipping queens, what is the right way — to clip two wings or only one ? Belgium. An.swkr. — I believe some clip four wings, and some only one. I prefer to clip the two wings on one side. It is just as good as to clip all four wings, ana is easier. Moreover, you may sometime want to catch a queen by her wings. If you clip the larser wing on one side, it prevents the queen flyirig as much as if you clipped two, and the queen looks better; but then you cannot tell so quickly at a glance whether the queen is clipped or not. Grantilated Honey for Winter Feeding. One thing Is sure to me, that maple syrup is not good for winter food for bees : I mean positively maple syrup fed to the bees in August or September. I suppose it is a too excit- ing food, causing diarrhea to confined bees. I wonder whether granulated honey (that is, if you can afford to give it in pref- erence to cane-sugar cake) would do for winter feeding (in December, January, etc.). Fearing lest it would not, I gave my bees capped honey in one-pound sections. H. D. Montreal, Canada. Answer.— Granulated honey of good quality makes good food, only the bees would waste a great deal of it. About Moving Bees in^Winter. I am starting to keep bees, and have bought seven colo- nies, expecting to get them home on sleighs, but we have had no snow yet, and I do not know what to do. The hives are out on the summer stands yet. They are chaffed up to the top of the lower hive, with chaff hives over all. Now had I better wait until later for sleighing, or attempt to move them on a wagon ? I have to move them about Ave miles on a pretty rough road. W. J. U. St. Joseph's, Pa. Answkr. — If there is no necessity otherwise for removing the bees before spring, then 1 would wait till weather for them to fly, unless sleighing comes. But the probability is that by the time this gets into print you may have enough sleighing. Bees Out-Doors and Dying — Sourwood. 1. Is It best to leave bees out as long as there is a day once every week or two that they can fly? 1 live in central Iowa. My bees are out yet, and they had a good tlight yester- day (Dec. 19), and to-day also. 2. What is the cause of so many of the bees dying in some of the hives '? About half of my 120 colonies have a great heap of dead in front of the entrance. If they do not stop, there will not be a bee alive in those hives by spring. I ex- amined some of them a short time ago, and found that fully one-half the bees in each hive were dead. Why do some of the colonies die that way, and others are all right? Can the fault be with the queen ? Their stores are basswood honey, of No. 1 iiuality, and granulated sugar syrup. 8. Will sourwood trees grow as far north as central Iowa? If so would they bloom at a different time than the linden ? Is there any tree that blooms after linden that will grow this far north, that would make a nice shade tree or grove for wind- break ? C. P. M. Bangor, Iowa. Answers. — 1. This has been an unusual winter, and bees loft out till late ;jre better off than they usually would be. The prospect now is that the rest of the winter will not be so mild, and I would get them into the cellar. If you were sure they would have flights every week or two, of course they would be better out. 2. Without knowing more about the case I cannot an- swer, and possibly I couldn't if I knew all about it that you know. It is possible that the ones that are dying off had older bees than the majority, and, on the other hand, that may have nothing to do with it. Sometimes some colonies have different stores from others, and that may mdke a difference. 3. I don't think sourwood will grow there, and I don't know of any good honey-tree that you could have to bloom after linden. Chestnut might be tried, which blooms later, I think, but I'm not sure. But it's no such honey-tree as linden, neither in quality nor quantity. A liate-Reared Queen. I bought a colony of bees three years ago last June, and they have never swarmed. Dec. 1, 1894, they carried the old queen out of the hive with her wings partly torn off. She was dead when I found her. There were no drones. If the old queen was superseded by a young one, how will she 'be- come mated to do any good next season ? It is a strong col- ony of bees, with plenty of honey. I want to know what to do with them — whether to give them a queen or let them alone. I have never seen anything of this kind in the Amer- ican Bee Journal or "A Year Among the Bees," so I thought I would write you. W. J. H. Fortville, Ind. Answer. — Better let them alone till bees begin rearing brood next spring. If there is no brood in the hive after other hives contain sealed brood, or if their brood when sealed shows by its cappings that it is all drone-brood, then your colony is queenless, or worse than queenless, and you must act accord- ingly. More likely, however, your colony has an all-right queen. Colony Permits Robbing — Late Queen. 1. I have a colony of Italian bees that will not defend themselves against robbers. The bees from other colonies will come to this hive and alight right at the entrance and remain still for about a second, and then sneak in and get the honey. They do not rob it fast, but slowly. They have been robbing it for about two months every day that they can fly. I tried to unite another colony with it but failed. This colony that is being robbed killed every bee of the other colony. It has a good, young queen and is an average colony in numbers. Please tell me what to do for it. 2. I have a colony that hatched a queen just about frost, and the time the others quit laying. There were a very few drones flying when the queen was hatched. Will she come out in the spring fertilized and all right? or will she be worthless ? A. T. M. Knob Creek, N. C, Dec. 11. Answers. — 1. Try closing up the entrance quite small, but look out you don't smother them. It might work to place at the entrance a piece of coarse wire cloth having three meshes to the inch, or, still better, a piece of excluder zinc. 2. Maybe, and maybe not. Let her alone till spring, then look at the first sealed brood, and if it is sealed flat, all right; but if the sealing is different from that in other hives, being more like a lot of little marbles, then you have a queen that is a fair candidate for decapitation. Feeding and Protecting Bees in Winter. 1. Would it be a good way to pnt honey in a top-box and set it on the hivS next the bees, for the bees to eat in winter ? 2. Do they need any protection here in winter? If so, please state how it would be best to protect them ? A bee- hive is only one big box, is it not ? Colorado Friend. Answers. — 1. Generally it is not a good plan, for it is so cold that the bees will starve rather than to leave the warm 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 23 cluster to seek for food. It may be, however, that in the very mild winters of Colorado it is warm enough for them to find the food above, especially if on a warm day you pound or kick the hive to rouse them up thoroughly. 2. It will at least do no harm to cover over the tops of the hives with anything that will make them warm, old cloths or carpets, and then something over that to keep off rain, if you ever have rain in winter. A bee-hive may be only " one big box," or it may not. Most bee-hives in this country have movable combs, allowing each frame of comb to be lifted out separately, but what are called " bo.x-hives" are nothing but a plain box in which may be cross-sticks to help support the combs, and the bees build the combs in any order to suit tlieir fancy. CONDUCTED BY AIRS. JUX^ISIE A.TCHLEY, BEEVILLE, XJEA!. A New York Bee-Keeper in Texas. Friend York: — I arrived here in "Sunny Southland" (the home of Mrs. Jennie Atchley), from Lake George, N. Y., a few days ago, to attend the midwinter bee-meeting, on Dec. 27 and 28. The indications are that we will have a large attendance at the bee-meeting. Quite a number of bee-keep- ers have arrived already. Mrs. Atchley has made every prep- aration to make it pleasant for all bee-keepers who will come to this grand midwinter bee-meeting. The weather is fine and warm here. To-day the mercury stands at 85^ above zero in the shade. The bees here are busy gathering honey from chaparral and wild currant, while my bees up at Lake George, N. Y., have been in winter quar- ters for six weeks, and the weather at the present time there is at zero, and the ground is white with snow. It is hard to realize the vastness of our country. There is a vast difference between the people of the South and of the North. For instance, here in the South, on Dec. 25 — Christmas— they celebrate the day by firing off sky-rock- ets, powder crackers, guns, etc., and taking into consideratiou the warm weather, it makes a man from the North here think he is celebrating the B'ourth of July instead of Christmas. After I have seen more of this country, I will let you know what I think of it. Yours truly, Beeville, Tex., Dec. 25. F. A. Lockhart. A Texas Report for 1894. Mrs. Atchley: — I regret very much that I cannot be at your bee-meeting. My report for 1894 is 58 colonies, spring count, $204 worth of honey, and increased to 86 colonies. I sold 9 colonies at $5 each, and have 77 colonies left. Ennis, Tex., Dec. 21. J. L. Wooldridge. Friend W., you have done well, and I would have been pleased to know how many pounds of honey, etc. You see we are not satisfied unless you tell it all — how many colonies, how much honey, and how much you sold for per pound. How easy it is for us to report whej we have done well. I would be glad to get a report from all, let it be good, bad, or indif- ferent; then we could weigh all up together, and see where we stand. Jennie Atchley. A Mina esota Bee-Woman in Texas. Mr. Editor: — As you see, I have followed your advice to "write Mrs. Atchley," concerning an opportunity to work among the bees and learn all about bee-keeping and queen-rearing for profit ; and satisfactory arrangements have been made for that purpose. I left Rochester, Minn., Wednesday, Dec. 19, at 4:30, and arrived at Beeville at 7 p.m. Saturday evening. My first supper was taken in Minnesota, breakfast in Iowa, dinner in Missouri, supper in Kansas, breakfast in Indian Territory, and dinner in north Texas. Thus we rushed along. I was met at the station by Mrs. Atchley, her brother "Charley," and Mr. Lockhart — a bee-man from Lake George, N. Y. About 8 o'clock I arrived at Mrs. Atchley's pleasant new home, and was most cordially welcomed by each member of the family, and hospitably entertained in the genial "South- ern style." Monday evening, W. R. Graham arrived — a bee- man from Greenville, Tex. Mr. Graham's son is in Mrs. Atch- ley's employ. To-day — Christmas — it was (Ki^ above zero in the morn- ing, and at SS--" at midday ; with flies and butterflies, the hum of bees, and the familiar chirrup of the cricket, it docs not seem like Christmas to a Northerner. To add to the strange- ness of the scene, we pluck orange blossoms and ripe fruit. Cacti flourish in abundant profusion, while the live-oak, mis- tletoe and trailing mosses hanging from the boughs, add to the summerlike appearance of Christmas. Many bee-men will arrive Wednesday, and be entertained by the hospitable, genial Beeville citizens. The Aransas Pass Railway Company have arranged a free excursion to Corpus Christi, while the generous people provide a free oyster supper for the delegates at the Southern bee-convention. Beeville, Tex., Dec. 25. Ella Howard. Another Report for the Past Season. Mrs. Atchley : — My report is as follows for 1894 : extracted 60 pounds of honey per colony, on an average, and the bees swarmed until the last of September. They are still gathering honey at this writing — Oct. 10. Also, I send you a sketch of my bee-escape. T. V. Dickson. Cedar Creek, Tex. Friend D., you have sent in a good report, but do you know that we bee-keepers are always anxious to know how many colonies a report covers? We are very anxious to know this, as a few colonies may give a large yield in a given location, and a largo apiary may starve out. I cannot quite understand your Star bee-escape, but I do not see why it should not work well, as it looks all right. Jennie Atchley. South Texas and the 5-Banded Bees. Editor York: — Having arrived in Beeville about a week ago, and finding the country so very different from that in middle Texas, I am ready to testify to the truth of statements made by Mrs. Atchley regarding the orange orchards in this county. There are several orange orchards in Beeville, and the trees are loaded with fruit. There are green beans in the gardens, which the whole Midwinter Bee-Keepers' Convention can see. The bees are working on chaparral blossoms. I have examined the bees, and find many colonies with sealed brood, which is a thing never known at this time of the year in middle Texas. (I live at Chriesman, Tex.) This is no doubt the bee-paradise of this continent. There is only one obstacle in the way, and that is the moth-worm, which is a more troublesome here than in the cooler portions of this State. But as the Italian blood is getting pretty well in- fused, there will not ' : any very great loss from that source. All the knowledge required to make the production of ex- tracted honey a sui'cess in this country is to select a good, practical hive, straight combs, to keep the bees pure Italians, or as nearly pure as possible. The 5-banded bees are the best in this climate, having tested the matter thoroughly for the past four years, for both comb and extracted honey. I am inclined to the belief that the 5-banded bees are be- ing unjustly condemned. There are many sorry queens sent out, no doubt, as there is a greater demand for them than there is for any other strain; the crowded breeder cannot make the proper selection, and give the attention to having the cells properly developed, as he would if orders were com- ing in sparingly. Only a queen-breeder knows how to sympa- thize with queen-breeders. C. B. Bankston. Beeville, Tex., Dec. 25. ^ — I ^ Severe Frosts in Florida. Mrs. L. Harrison — the noted writer on bees in the North — is in Florida for the winter, as usual. In a letter dated Dec. 31, 1894, she says : Editor York :— The last day of the year finds me in "the Sunny Southland," but severe frosts on the nights of Dec. 27, 28 and 29, have changed the face of nature, from living green to brown and sere. A self-registering thermometer reg- istered 15° above zero, on the night of Dec. 28. Many pear- trees were loaded with a second growth of fruit, and roses were a thing of beauty, but now they hang their heads. Mrs. L. Harrison. St. Andrew's Bay, Fla., Dec. 31. 24 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 10, . - c"///c"-irvo, J/-/,. ■«1.0() a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. [Entered at the Post-office at ChicaKO as Second-Class Mail-Matter.] EDITOH. Assisted by the following Department Editors : Du. C. C. MiLLEii - - - "Questions and Answers.' Mrs. Jennie Atciiley - - - "The Sunny Southland.' "Gleanek" . - - . "Among the Bee-Pai'ers.' "Bee-Master" " Canadian Beedo.m.' Dr. F. L. Peiko " Doctor's Hints.' Vol. niV. CHICA&O, ILL, JAN, 10, 1895. 1, 2, Editorial ^orr)n)€r)\«-t-I.niiresite of Itoe-ICeeping' is a title that in years agone was quite appropriately applied to Hon. Eugene Secor, of Forest City, Iowa. On Jan. 1, I received a dainty poem from him, which though not exactly relating to bees, yet may prove to be a be(e)atitude to all who read it. Here it is: another MILE-rOST REACHED. One by one the years go by — Let them go — What care we ? My love and I To and fro Have walked so far together. We fear not change of weather. Let the whit'ning frosts of Time Turn our hair; Age with gladness is not crime — We don't care; My love and I still linger. And laugh at Time's grim finger. Ring in the year of Ninety-Five — Ring it in ! Love and hope are still alive — They will win. We give the new year greeting. And bless the one that's fleeting. Forest City, Iowa, Dec. 31. Eugene Secor. luMlitiile n'oi-k siiid Itees.— Prof. Cook, writing from Claremont, Calif., Dec. 2!), 1S!W, says: I am now in full charge of Institutes in Southern California, and talk bees at every iiiepting. People listen and believe. I am sure it will do much good, for my talks on bees are received with evident respect. A. J. Cook. Beekeepers will be pleased to learn the above, for it is bound to result in great good to the industry. Other States should " fol- low suit." ■*—¥■ ,- 'rii€; <'nnsi they can get for it; or mash the whole up, strain it, and market it in that shape. This is bee-keeping willi a vengeance, and, of course, Ontario, like every other country, has a few such bee-keepers. But they are gradually diminishing, and must in time disappear along with other anliciue excrescences. But there is another side to this picture. Ontario has many first-class apiarists, and a few equal to any anywhere in the world, and these are con- stantly increasing in numbers. As to the prospects and possibilities of bee-culture in this Province, the prospects are that bee-keepers will continue to multiply, and the industry continue to grow, until the ground in the habitable parts is pretty well occupied. This growth will probably not be so much in the direction of specialism as bee-keeping in conjunction with farming, gardening, fruit- raising, etc. Bee-keeping, as an exclusive business, is hardly safe except in the hands of a master who is favorably situated as to locality for forage. The business has its ups and downs, and its failures. One of tliese overtook the bee-industry the past season, as you no doubt know. In Ontario, as a whole, there is perhaps not more than a third of an average crop, while in many of the States of the Union the returns are much less. From a letter now before me from a leading bee-keeper in Nova Scotia, he says, "Clover yielded no honey here this season." The clover seems to have been pretty badly spring and winter killed the past season over a wide area on this coutident, and this supplemented by the severe and wide- spread drouth, left the crop of light honey very short. The drouth extended so far into the fall as to also seriously affect Ihe fall flow of honey, as buckwheat, which is the fall staple in many parts, only yielded moderately. The question as to whether it would pay the bee-keeper, who has land at his disposal, to sow or plant specially for honey, is one much discussed and seriously considered in localities where failure of the honey crop is frequent. There seems to have been but little experimentation to settle the matter practically, and hence the divergence of opinion on the subject. My own opinion, which is founded on experience so far at least as two of the honey-plants are concernea, is that it pays the bee-keeper who can do so, to sow and plant three honey-producers, viz.: Alsike clover, buckwheat and bass- wood, or linden. I have been sowing Alsike and buckwheat for many years for honey, and both have paid well. These two plants hardly ever fail to yield nectar, while the white clover, which, as you know, grows sponloneously, often fails. Then we have the double crop from them — hay and honey from one, and grain and honey from the other. While the red clover often fails to produce a crop of seed, the Alsike scarcely ever so fails, owing chiefly to the fact that the latter seeds in the first crop, while the red seeds in the second. Moreover, the Alsike seed always commands a higher price in the market than the red. Of course you cannot have good hay and seed both in the same season from Alsike, but some- times you can have seed and a straw quality of feed simulta- neously from it, in which case there is a treble crop, viz.: honey, seed, feed. As for the linden tree, I am greatly in favor of planting it for honey, and have practiced my preaching by planting some 700 to SOD. They are not blooming yet, but I expect to see them bloom. My advice, then, to all bee-keepers in localities where the tree is not plentiful in the woodland, is to plant basswood. If you do not feel like affording field land for the purpose, plant along the fences and highways — but plant somewhere. I planted 400 in good field land. The linden is a beautiful shade-tree, is a rapid grower, and hardy ; and if we cannot make axe-handles and whiflletrees out of the wood, we can use it profitably in cabinet and other work. One of the ways to enhance the prospects and possibilities of bee- culture in Ontario, is for every bee-keeper who can, to plant basswood, and he will not only be serving himself, but pos- terity, as one chief cause of the severe drouths which Canada with other countries is beginning to experience, is the rapid disappearance of trees from our portion of the earth's surface. Selby, Ont. Bec-Kccpcrs' Enterlainnicnt — A Sfovel Sclieine. Preparations are being made in earnest for making the convention of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association at Strat- ford, on Jan. 22, 23 and 24, the best of ils kind yet held in the Province. Besides what Messrs. Myers, Picket, Holter- maun and Couse are doing, I understand Mr. Gemmill. its former President, is working hard to see his pet scheme fully carried out. It is the giving of a Concert or Educational En- tertainment, as he calls it, and his object is to bring before the public more thoroughly the benefits that accrue from the use of honey as a food. He claims, if I understand him rightly, that while bee literature is doing much to enlighten the public on this point, that it would be well to give an En- tertainment with proper inducements to get those who are not honey-producers themselves to attend, so that the usefulness of honey can be more thoroughly impressed on their memories. The method he would advise, and intends to follow when the Association meets in his own city, is about as follows : Instead of having a little local and instrumental music during the regular sessions alone, ho believes in having a hall or room for a public Concert or Educational Entertainment, and one evening devoted by both bee-keepers and the public to this and nothing else. That the idea is a good one I thor- oughly believe, and I have learned that the citizens of Strat- ford quite agree with him, the Collegiate Institute School Board being so much taken with the idea from an educational standpoint, that the lecture room containing a piano and magic-lantern was willingly offered gratis for the occasion. The programme will consist of vocal and instrumental 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 27 music of good quality, and suited for such an occasion, with appropriate addresses by some bee-l^Hepers of note and ability ; a good lecture, and magie-laiitern exliibitioii, illiistratiiig the bee when dissected, and showing how bees secrete wax, build honey-combs, gather and store honey, fertilize flowers, and how and why people get stung when they don't want to, etc. Mr. Ge'iimill has composed words for a song suitable for the occasion. Wm. McEvoy, Woodburn, Ont. CONVENTION UIKKilCTORV. 7tiHe rt7id place of meetinQ. 1895. Jan. 21, 22 — Colorada State, at Denver. Colo. II. Kuijfht, Sec. Littleton, Colo. Jan. 22-24.— Ontario, at Stratford. Ont. W. Couse. Sec, StreetvlUe, Ont. Jan. 25, 26.— Ontario Co., at Cana.ndaig'ua. Ruth E. Taylor, Sec, Bellona, N. Y. Jan. 28. — Venango Co., at Franklin. Pa. C. S, Pizer, Sec, Franklin, Pa. Jan. 30, 31.— Vermont, at Middlebury. Vt. H. VV. Scott, Sec, Barre, Vt. Feb. 6. 7.— Wieconsin, at Madison. Wis. J. \V. Vance, Cor. Sec, Madison, Wis. Mar. 16.— S. E Kansas, at Bronson, Kan. J. O. Bak'h, Sec, Bronson, Kan. May 6.— Southern Minnesota, at LaCreseent, E.C. Cornwell, Sec, Winona. Minn. (ST" In order to have this table complete. Secretaries are requested to forward full particulars of the time and the place of each future meeting. — Thb Koitor. North American Bee-Keepers' Association OFFICERS FOR 1893. Pres.— R. F. Holtermann Brantford. Ont. Vice-Pres.— L D Stilson York, Nebr. Secketaiiy.— W. Z. Hutchinson. ..Flint, Mich. Treasurer.— J. T. Calvert Medina, Ohio. Rational Bee-Keepers' TTnlon, President— Hon. R. L. Taylor.. Lapeer, Mich. Gbn'l Manager— T. G. Newman. Chlcajro, 111, 147 South Western Avenue. Most Valiinbic for Advertising^. — Unsolicited testimonials to the value of any article are always the most appre- ciated, and should carry with them a force that is convincing. Such is the following, which we received recently from Chas. Dadant & Son — the world-renowned makers of comb foundation : Friend York:— Although the number of answers to advertisements is more limited than ever this year, we find that the Ameri- can Bee Journal is right up — none ahead — in the number of new names furnished. As the editor of the American Bee Journal is not interested in the sale of implements, that fact makes the American Bee Journal, in our eyes, the most valuable advertising medium to-day for us Westerners, at least. Chas. Dadant & Son. Hamilton, Ills., Dec. 5, 1894. The above firm keep a standing advertise- ment in all the leading bee-papers, and so they are competent to speak on the subject. As we have said before, co/tti/iuous adveriin- ingpayx. Try it, if you wish to succeed. Sample Copies of the " American Bee Journal " will be mailed free to all who ask for them. The next three or four months will be just the time for getting new subscribers, and if any of our friends can use sample copies among their bee- keeping neighbors, in order to get them as new subscribers, we will be glad to mail the samples. If the names and addresses are sent to us. Better educated bee-keepers will mean better things for all. Iluiiey & Heeswax Market Quotations. CHICAGO. Icr... Dec 27.— Up to the present the sales on honey have met with our expec- tations. We have received considerably more honey than we flgured on handling, owing to the short crop rei'ort. and we think the early shippers reaped the benefit. However, we are now getting the averase price, viz.: Fancy, loc; white. No. 1. 14@13c. E.\tracte(l, 6®7c. Beeswa,it, 28(a29c. J. A. L. CHICAGO, III. Jan. 3,— As usu.al. the vol- ume of trade in honey is small at this season. But our stock Is not lieavy, and soon as this month is past we expect a demand that will clean out all present and prospective offer- ings. Comb sells at 14c. for good white; fan- cy brings loc: darkgrades, 8@12c. Extracted white, b@7c.; dark. 5@6c. Beeswax, 27®2So. R. A. B. & Co. NEW YORK, N. Y.. Dec. 20.— The market for comb and extracted honey is good, and the supply equals the demand. Fancy clover and buckwheat sells best; off grades are not quite as "alable; and 2-pound sections are little called for. We quote as follows: 1-pound fancy clover. 13@14e.; 2-pouud, 12i4@13c.; 1- pound white. 12@l2i4o,; 2-pound, I2c.; l- pound fair, 10@l]c.: 2-pound, 10@llc.; 1- pound buckwheat, 10@llc.; 2-pound. 9@10c. Extracted, clover and basswood. 6(^6!4c.; buckwheat. 5@5i4c.; Southern. 50(5t60c. per gallon. Beeswax, scarce and in good demand at29@30c. C. l.&B. CINCINNATI. 0., Dec. 21.— No change since our last. The market is quiet, with a fair de- mand at 14@1 lie. for best white comb honey, and 4@7c for extracted. Beeswax is in good demand at22@27cfor good to choice yellow. C. F. M. &. S. KANSAS CITY. Mo., Dec. 26.— The supply of comb honey is fair: demand is fair. Sup- ply of extracted is good; demand light. We quote: l-lbs.. No. 1 white, 14@15c. ; No. '?. white. 12@13c. ; Nn. 1 amber, 13@14c.; No. 2 amber, 10@llc. Extracted, white. 6@7c; amber. .t'/4@6c.; dark, 4>i®5c Beeswax, 22@2oc. C. C. C. & Co. ALBANY, N. Y.. Dec. 26.- Honey in better demand, especially the high grades of white comb honey. We quote: No. 1 white, 14@ loc; No. 2 white. l:i@14c. ; Mixed white. 11 @12c.: No. 1 buckwheat. 12@l2Hc.; No. 2 buckwheat. ll{fl)1114c.: common, 10@llc. Extracted, white (Northern), 7@8c.; amber, ®6'/4c.: huok wheat, h%(StSc. Beeswax, 27® 29c. Do not look for much of any change in these prices, and advise now to have honey on the market as early as possible for best prices. H. R. W. BUFFALO. N. Y., Dec. 17.— The demand for honey is very quiet. We quote : Fancy. 13@ 14c.; choice, ll®12c; others from 8® 10c. Literal amount of stock in market. Tlie pros- pects are that the demand will be very light liniil after the holidays. Extracted is moving very slowly at o@7c. B. & Co. NEW YORK, N. T., Dec. 31.— The demand for comb honey has been very light of late and has now almosc dwindled down to nothing. The supply has been accumulating and there is •^ large stock on the market. In order to move it in round lots, it will be nec- essary to make liberal concessions from rul- ing quotations. We quote: Fancy white, 1- Ibs., 13c.; off grades, lie; buckwheat, 9c. We have nothing new to report in extracted. It is moving c>fl' slow and plenty of stock on the market, with more arriving. Beeswax is steady and finds ready sale on arrival at 30c. per pound. H. B. & S. RUDY'S PILE SUPPOSITORY Is guaranteed to cure Piles and Constipation, or money refunded. .'JO cents per box. Send two stamps for circular and free Sample to MAKTIN RUDY, Registered Pharmacist, Lan- caster, Pa. No PosTAi.s Answered. For sale by all first-class druggists everywhere. Peter Van Schaack & Sons. Kobt. Stevenson & Co., Morrison. Plummer & Co., and Lord, Owen & Co.. Wliolesale Agents, Chicago, Ills. Pease mention the Bee Journal. Novlo Great Pretuiutus on page 88 ! Convention IVotices. Colorado —The 15th annual meeting of the Colorado State Bee-Keepers' Association will be held on Monday and Tuesday. Jan. li. and 22, 1895, in Denver. H. Knight, Sec. Littleton, Oolo. New York.— The annual meeting of the Ontario Co., N Y.. Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in Canandalgua. N. Y.. Jan. 25 and 26, 1895. Come early. Everyone come. Bellona, N. Y. Ruth E. Taylor. Sec Ontario. Canada.— The annual meeting of the Ontario liee-Keeners" Association will be held at Stratford, Jan. 22, 23 and 24. 1895. All bee-keepers are cordially invited to at- tenl. W. Couse, Sec. StreetsvUle, Ont. Minnesota.— The regularsemi-annual meet- ing of the Southern Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Association will De held on the first Monday in May, 1895, at LaCreseent. Minn. All bee- keepers invited. E. C. Cornwell, Sec. Winona, Minn. Pennsylvania.- The Venango County Bee- Keepers' Association of northwestern Penn- sylvania will hold their 2nd annual meeting in the City Hall at Franklin. Pa., on Jan. 28. 1895. at 1 o'clock p.m. All interested send for program. C. S. Pizer, Sec. Franklin. Pa. Wisconsin.— The llth annual meeting of the Wisconsin State Bee-Keepers' Associntion win he held in the Capitol, at Madison, Feb. 6 and 7. 1895. All bee-keepers are requested to attend, whether they receive a formal notice or not. H. Lathrop, Rec. Sec. Browntown. Wis. Kansas —There will be a meeting of the Southeastern Kansas Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion on March 16. 1895. at Goodno's Hall, in Bronson, Bourbon Co.. Kans. It is the annual meeting, and all members are requested tu be present, and all bee-keepers are cordially in- vited. J. C. Balch, Sec. Bronson, Kans. Vermont. — The next annual convention of the Vermont Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in Mlddlebury, Vt.. on Jan. 30 and 31 , 1895. Programs will be prepared and mailed later. Let every Vermont bee-keeper begin NOW to preoare to attend, and all those who can reach Mlddlebury, whether you live in Vermont or not, we want you to come. Barre, Vt. H. W. Scott. Sec. List of lloney and Beeswax Dealers, Most of whom Quote In this Journal. Chicago, Ills. J. A. LamON, 43 South Water St. K. A. Burnett & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. If. F. I. SAGE & Son, 183 Reade Street. HiLDRETH Bros. & Segelken. 28 & 30 West Broadway. Chas. Israel & Bros.. 110 Hudson St. I. J. Strinoham. 105 Park Place. Francis H. Leggett & Co.. 128 Franklin St. Kanxas Glty, Mo. Clemoms-Mabon Com. Co.. 423 Walnut St. Albany, N.Y. H. R. Wright, 326 & 328 Broadwaj. Biiaalo, N. V. BattersOn & Co., 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. CHA8. Dadant & Son. Cincinnati, Obio. C. F. Muth & Son, cor. Freeman & Central ava. |^""I have taken the American Bee Journal only about ten months, but I am well satisfied with it. I cannot see how any bee-keeper can do without it, unless be thinks there is nothing more to learn."— Geo. A. Forgerson, of Minnesota, Dec. 24 I.yJ4. 28 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 10, Bees in Other CliiiiOH and Oilier DajK. Address for the Illinois State Convention. BY TUOMAS (i. NKWMAN. To thoso wlio attend Conventions, as well as otlior devotoes of this intercstiiif; pursuit, Hoes and J'.i'c-Ki'eping ai'c all- imijoi'tant theiues, no matter what pliase is pi'esented. The management of these busy little insects "for pleasure and pi'ofit," will no doubt receive a tliorough investigation and discussion, by those who ai'e I'ortii- iiate enough to be present : but as that pleasure Is denied me. I will offer a few remarks upon the theme assfgued to ine, feeling assured that they will i)rove interesting, not only to those at the Convention, but to th(^ thousands who may read the report of the proceedings of the Association. If 1 commence by stating that bees have been domesticated for thousainls of years, it would be iiiteri'sting to many, but I sliall go farther back than tiiat, for this useful insect can be traced into pre-historic time.s — into the remote eras of the Earth's development — even before the elevation of the Alps in Europe. For remains of fossil organisms there found, demonstrate that before tliose gigantic mountains were lifted heavenward, thei-e existed a sub-tropical climate with a temperature of 60 to 70 degrees, where now the eternally snow-eai)ped mountains of Switzerland are found. There, away in the upper miocene — the middle division of tlie tertiary strata — have been found the petrified remains of apis melitica (our domestic honey-bees) as well as honey-pi'oducing flowei'S, and some bee- enemies, or bee-killers, as they are often called. In the "fifth day" of the great Creative period, it is said that insects were created to "fly above the earth." Each "day"' (or Ci'eative period) was in all probability a tliousand years, and the honey-bees were, therefore, created at least a thousand years before the advent of the human race upon this jilanet ! To find them gathering the nectar from the flowers in Central Europe, long befoi-e the elevation of the Alps, or the creation of man, is not strange, though that fact was unknown until this late day. Again, at the dawning of history, the hom^y-bee is mentioned and extolled. Palestine, 4,000 yeai's ago, was said to be "a land flowing with milk and honey.'" In the mythology of the Greeks and Romans, the bee occupied a distinguished place. In the luythic traditions of the "Saga" period, among the Norsemen, the legends are full of them. The Greeks and Romans prepai'ed for thiMU liabitations, and dedicated them to tlieir gods, or the decendants of their fancied deities. At Thebes, an ancient city desti'oyed by Achilles in the Trojan war, thei"e was (oiind a bee-hive beautifully carved on a tomb. In the Koran, tlie Sacred book of tlie Hedouins, by their pi'ophet Mahomet, it is recorded that honey was a favorite article both for food and mcdi<'ine. Curiously enough, Mahomet avers that the only creature the Loi'd evcu'addrctssed was th(^ busy honey-bee, viz: "The Lord spake by inspiration to the bee, saying: Provide thee houses in the mountains and in the trees, and of those materials whei-ewith men build hives for thee." These hives, as shown by' all the ancient relicts, were made of cylinders of clay, such as ar(> in general use to-day in all the oriental countries. In early history bees ai'c meniioned as located on the Coasts and Islands of the Mediterranean and IJlack Seas, and in tlie intei'ior of the ('(Uitinents of Asia, Africa and Eiu-ope. They are said to bo iudigenoiis ill Syria, (Jrcece, Italy, Egypt, Sicily, ti(>rmaiiy and Ci;iul. The earliest mentliui of honey as an article of coinmcrce is, that tlie Jews were engaged in trading it at Tyre, that old and honoi'ed mart of trade, in Phtenicia. — Ezek. xxvii. 17. Not until the s<'vcnth thousand years after the ci-eation of the honey-bees, did man commence to scientifically manage them. It reciuii'cd patient study and close observation to accomplish anything in that direction. We are vastly indebted to many master minds in Europe f(U- the patient study of their habits, and to the inventive genius of Father Langstroth, in our own country, for the production of a hive suitable for practical and .successful management, which has revolntionized former practice and methods the world over, and made hoiiey-produi/tion a science. All honor to that "grand old man" — the father of American api- culture. Chicago, 111., Nov. 10, 1804. czzzzzzzzzzszxxzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzu HONEY FOR SALE '^'^ir^'^TZ^l- for sale; 'A distinct tlavors — Smartweed (or heart's-easei, Aster & Spuoish-Need e. Price, 7 cts. per II). F. O. B. la 60-lb. cans. Sample bj' mail on application. Address, P. O. Box 7S't. 1A2 K. '■'. Flanagan, Belleville, 111. Sfentton tft« American Be* Jcmrmu, •)®®®®®®®SXS)®®® 0 THE KEYSTONE DEHORNER ) Cuts clean on nil sides-does not crush. The ) most humane, rapid and durable knife ) made, fully warranted. Hichest World's \ Fair Awiirti. Descrii^tive CircularB Free. Ia.C.BROSIUS, Cochranvil'e, Pa. 12E13 Mention die ^iiicrivaii i>t,c Journal LAR6E3T LINE Made in the World. ALL STEEL OU WOOD STEEL LI,%EI>. Perpetual & Large Bale, Steam, Horse & Hand Power- Guaranteed the Best Write for Catalogue. FAMOIS MFG. CO., Chicago, IIU Apl ^utntion the American Bee JoumaU "WANTED. Agents to sell our new book. Dictionary of United States History, by Prof. J. Frank- lin J.vMEso.v. Needed by every teacher, pupil aud family : indorsed by press and public. Ageuls selling: 50 boolis per weeli. Successful agents will be made general agents. Bi^ Fay PURITAN PUBLISHING CO., Boston. Mass. SCE.it MenlUm the American Bee Journal. 666'S ! If you keep KEliS, sub- scribe for the Progressive Bee-Keeper— a journal de- voted to Bees, Houey, aud kindred imluft ries. fjO eoH(s per ye^ar, Sample copy, also tteautirully Illustrated cat- Address"' Hcc-Kecpcrs' Supplies, f«e>=. LEAHY MFG. CO, HIGGINSVILLE, MO. Mention the American Bee ./uriiuf. IVIY HUSBAND ram see DOW you do It, 3I.-\.-hiDr f.,r - J-J.I.OO y.iU trim I'. n 3Iucliine for • $19.oO SUind;ir.l Siiiscrs . $S.OO, $11.00 i;..IHi. niul -27 oilier styles. AU i.t- Utctinifnttt'ltEE. iVf }'KJ fretzhl ship anv- wlicrc- nfion th^ American Bee J.nima*. FARMER'S Send 10 cents in U S. stumps and have your naiue and address printed in our Speninl Far- nier»!>' ••ireclory— which goes whirling- all over the United States, to mauufactureis and business men of all kind**. It will bring you mail in the shape of letters and reading matter of all kinds, from the four cor- ners of the land. Your name inserted iu three Directories for only 25 cents. Give us a trial— we Guarantee satisfaction. A free copy of the Directory sent to every name received. THE FARMERS' DIRECTORY CO. 23— 1G43 Champa, Denver, Colo. Langstroth .rJoiiey-Bee -REVISED BY THE DADANTS- This magniflceut classic in bee-literature lias tjeen entirely re-written, and is fully illustra- ted. 11 treats ol everything- relating: to bees and bee-keepinfT- No apiarian library is com- plete without this standard worli by Rev. li. L. Langstroth— the Father of American Bee- Culture. It has 5'30 pages, and is substan- tially bound in cloth. Price, postpaid. $1.40; or clubbed with the BeeJournal for one year— both for$2.1o; or the book free as a preoikim for sending us 4 New Subscribers to the BeeJournal at $1 each G. W. YORK & CO., 56 5th Ave., Chicago, 111. California If you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers, t'limate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Piv:;i tic Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated, $2.40 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL. PREHS, 320 Market St.. - SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. Mcniwn^ the A.mencan Bee Journal 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 29 KEEP AN EYE ON THIS SPACE f?or,,i^fto'^tr^e!rt INTERESTING ANNOUNCEMENTS W Zil mean doliiirs to ^yOXX. Our 1896 Catalog Will be out by Feb 1st. It is entirely re-arranged and larg-ely re-written; has new engravJDgs. new goods, new prices and new cover. It not only ^jives prices on the be^t and latest lix- tures^ but contains a large amount of valuable mutter on beoM. J^~ Before placing your order for ne.\t season, send in your name for this Catalogue. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION Has No Sag iu Hrood-Franies Thill Flat-Bottolu Foundation Has Ko Fishboue iu the Sarplas Honey, Belnfi the cleanest ie usually worked the quickeet of any Foundation made J. VAN DECTSEN & SONS, Sole ManufHcturers. Sprout Brook, Montsomery To., N. 7. BEESWAX WANTED ! For Cash at Highest Price ; Or III ExrIiHiiae for Fotiiidalion at liowest Fi-loe, Wholesale and Ketail. Don't fail, bel'ore buying or selling, to write for Prices ami Samples— to CIS DlTTItlEK, AUGUSTA. WIS. Reference— Augusta Bank. 16Atf Did You Ever? JENNIE ATCHLEY j^ jf°fit A New Factory — New Engine and Boiler— the only Steam Bee-Hive Factory in South Tex. ^S^" DovelaiJed Hive^aDd All Kinds ol' Supi>lieN. Let me know what you want and I ■will make you a LOW ESTIMATE. ROOT'S GOODS and DAOANTS' FOUNDATION. Send for Catalogue, and see my astonishingly low prices. See my (^ueen Ad. on the last page. I am in a position to ship Bees in Carload Lois. Who wants t(j try the experiment ? JEiVXIE ATCilJLEY, Beevillc, Bcc Co., Tex. A HANDY TOOL-HOLDER ! Sent by Express, for $l.dO ; or Avilli the Bee Journal one year — botii for $2.00. Every Manufacturer, Miller, Carpenter, Cabinet Maker, Machinist. Wheehvriglit and Quarryman, Farmer, or any one using a grind- stone, should have one of these Tool-Holders. One boy can do the work of two persons, and grind much faster, easier and with perfect accuracy. Will bold any kind of tool, from the smallest chisel to a draw shave or ax. Extra attachment for sharpening scythe blades included in the above price. The work Is done without wetting the hands or soiling the clothes, aj the water flows from the opera- tor. It can be attached to any size stone for baud or steam power, is always ready for use, nothinif to get out of order, and is absolutely worth 100 times its cost. No farm is well-equipped un- less it has a Tool-Holder. Pays for itself in a short time. How to Use tlie Holder. Directions.— The Tool is fas- tened securely in the Holder b.v a set-screw and can be ground to any desired bevel by Insert- ing the arm of the Holder into a higher or lower notch of the standard. While turning the crank with the right hand, the left rests on an steadies the Holder ; the Tool is moved to the right or left across the stone, or examined while grind- ing, as readily and in the same way as if held in thi hands. For grinding Kound - £dge Tools, the holes in the stand- ard are used instead of the notches. Address, GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 56 Fifth A.ve,, CHICAGO, ILL. l^^AREYOU LOOKING For the BEST in Bee-Hives, Sections, Cases, &c.? It so. (Imp us a Postal and we shall be nleased to I ft 1) I LHIIIV ( •• Know Vb " that low trelght rates and con- venience are two very good reasons why you should get .vour liee Fixings in this city ? Our Prices are ivuy down— send for Circular. I. J. §TRIi\OHAin, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK. N. T. Mention the American Bee Jouninl^ Wants or Exclianges. This department is only tor your ■' Wants" or br)ua-IJde •■ Exchanges," and such will be Inserted here at 10 cents a line for each time, when specially ordered Into this depart- ment. Exeh.anges for cash or for price-lists, or notices olfering articles for sale, will not he Inserted here— such belong in the regular adverlieiug columns, at regular rates. WANTED— To exchange one large span of Mules, Wagon and Uarness (Mares) and Cash, for -00 Colonies. BEItr W. HOPPER, Garden City, Kan. 32 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 10, 1895. Falcon Sections ^sy^ \rT,'e 'I'lie Very Krst on llie market. They are llic orifriiiul ■■ I'iimshed Sections." Hives & Winter Cases. All SljUs. Lowest Prioes. Bee-Supplies ol'all Kindt) Clieap 5 Per Cent. Discount ouaiojut' ices in our lo^ue (excepts inp Shipping:-f'jises) until Ilocerabor 1st, ^% In December, ;i '.i in January, 2 % In February Catalogue and copy ol the *' Anicrloan Bee»Kee|>er," Irce. AOdress, THEW.T.FALCOMMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. (Established 14 Years.) Mention the American Dee Journal. In-Door .V Out- Door Brooders. 112 FIRST PREMIUMS. Send for 114-p:i^e IlUistrated Cataloj^ue. Prairie Mate Iiieiibalor Co. 2:iA21t lloMEK CITV. l'.\. WHEN ANSWERING THIS ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAL. Attention, Bee-Keepers ! REilllilflBEK, tliat Jennie AtPhle.v is pre- pared to mail you an Uuteeteri Queen for $1.00 any day in the year. 8he will rear for her 189.5 trade, the old Leather-Colored or :i- Band Italians; 5-Baud and Silver-Gray Carni- olans reared In separate .yards at a safe dis- tance. Prl<*e(«, from J;iniiaryto June, Un- tested. $1.00; $3.00 lor 6: $9.00 per dozen. Tested a Baud. $1.50. Tested 5Band and IJar- niolau.$'2.50 each. Fine Breeders, of either race. $5.00. My very best stkaioht 5-Band Breeders, $10.00 each. Bees by the Pound, $1.00; Nuclei, $1.00 a "Fr-.TT-e: Full Colonies, $B.00, with Untested Queens. II l^ uow proven that Bees shipped North In April and May pay well, and slron/? 2-frame Nuclei and Queens will build up and give a oney ciop. This is oue of my Specialties. afe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. I am now preparing to be ready to fill all orders for BEES and QUEENS promptly, and if you contomplate buying any Bees or Queens it will be to your interest to write me for Prices on Large Lots and to the Trade. Let me book your orders. Dadant's Founda- tion on hand. ^" Send for Catalogue. _^1 ItlRS. JENNIE AXCHLY, BEEVILLE, Bee Co., TEX. Mention the American Dee Journal. ALL BEE-SUPPLIES MUTH'S HONET EXTBACTOB pehfection Cold-Blaxt »>niokeri>, Etc. Square Glass Honey Jars, For Circulars, apply to Chab. F. Muth Si Son. Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O, Send lOe for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepere. Mtntion the American Bee Journal. Dovetailed Hives, Sections, Extractors. Smokers, and everything a Bee - Keeper wants. — IIon<-Mt >e, llon- «••>! I*ri<'«"i». lid p. catalog free. J. 91. Jenkins, Wcliimpka, Ala. SElOt BaerUUm the Atnerlean Bee JounuiA, HONEY FOR SALE. 1 have about :iOOO lbs. ol" Busswood Honey for sale ut 7 cents per lb., in (iO-ll). <;an9. on iioard cars. I will guarantee it strictly pure. 'ZA Jolin \Vai!i:iier« KiiMia Vltnta^lll. Mention the American Bee Juumal Is a book of nearly 100 pa- ges that begins with The Care of Bees In Winter, and then tells how they oug-ht to be cared for in the spring- in order to secure the work- ers in time for the hardest. Then Hives and TheirCnar- acterl&tics. Honey- Boards, ADVANCE'®) BEE-CLJLTUREJ Sections. Supers and Sepa- raiois HIT 'iis(u--'^l. 1 in- liest Methods nl A 1 1 ;i ni; niir llivrs and Buildings and Shading the Bees are described. Varieties of Bees, Introducing Queens and Planting for Honey are next given a chapter each. Then the Hiving of Bees, lucrease. Its management and Control, and Contraction of the Brood-Nest are duly considered ; after which Comb Foundation. Foul Brood. Queen-Rearing, the Raising of Good E.vtracred Honey, and " Feeding Back '' are taken up. After the honey is raised, then its Preparation for the Market, and Marketing are dis- cussed. Then Migratory Bee-Keeping. Out-Apiaries, and Apiarian Exhibits at Fairs are each given a chapter. After' this comes the question of Wintering, which is discussed in all lt& phases. The Influence of Food, Ventilation, Moisture, Temperature. Protection, etc.. etc.. are all touched upon. There are also chapters upon Specialty versus Mixed Bce-Keeping, Com- forts and Conveniences of the Apiary. Mistakes in Bee-Keeping. etc.. etc.— :i'2 chapters in all. Price of the Book. 50 cts. ; the Review one year and the book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian. Mention VieAmcrlcnnBeeJouriinL W. Z. HlJTCHIXSO\, Flint, micli. WHERE DO THEY GET THE STONEP TO BUILD THAT FOUNDATION. That is what a man said who read our advertisement. We do not use Stone, but BEESWAX to make Comb Foundation, and it takes a great deal of it. Therefore, if you have any BEESWAX FOR SALE, please let us hear from you, and we will give you our prices. We will offer you QOMB FOUNDATION and other Bee- Supplies in due season, as usual. Send for free Circular and Samples. CHAS. DADANT & SON, Mevtion the AmeHcan Bee Journal. HAMTLTON, Hancock Co., ILL. Fannie Field's Poultry Books. The 3 Below for Only 50 cts» Or the 3 Book^i willi llic Bee Journal 1 year— all for $1.35. Your clioU-e of 2 of llicni for sending u§ 1 New Subscri- ber to llie Bee Journal for a year, willi $1.00. POULTRY FOR MARKET and Poultry for Profit.— It is wriiU'u lor those wisbiug to make poultry profitable. Contents— Clears $4.4!t on each fowl. Cost of keepinsr adult fowls per year. Cost of raising chicks to 6 mo. old. Spriufr management. 1'2, 480 eggs from 100 hens a year. Feediusr for eggs in winter. Hatching-houses. Cleanli- ness, No sickness among the fowls. A word to farmers' wives, sons, daughter?, and others interested in poultr.v. 60-acre poultry farm that yields a clear profit of *l,.500"a year. 81 chicks out of 100 eggs with incubator. Raising broilers. Food for chicks. Turkey raising. Keeping eggs Cause of death of young turkeys. Keeping poultry on a vil in winter. Mechanic's wife clears $300 annually on broilers. A i iug of chicks. Incubators. Capons. Caponizing. Tells every the poultry business. Sent postpaid, for 25 cents. Capons and Caponizing.— it shows in clear language and by illustrations all the particulars about cajtouizing fowls, and thus how to make the most money in poultry-raisingr Every up-to-the-times poultry-keeper should have it. Price, 30 ceiils. Turkeys for Market and Turkeys for Proflt.—Theauthor reared in one year 150 Turkeys, and did the work lor a family of .'), netting her $:i00. No farming pays like Turkeys. Contents— Age of breeding stock, about the Gobt)ler. Best and most profitable breeds. Set- ting the eggs. Care while hatching. Profit per head. Care until fully feathered. Food for the young. Save the feathers, they bring good prices. Number of hens to a Gobbler Narra- i^ansett Turkeys. Whiti- Turkeys, Bronze Tnrke\s. Common Turkeys. To rest ire chilled Turkeys. Diseases of Turkeys. Leg weakness. Killing a-'d dressing. Mark your Turkeys Marketing. Capital and nuniTier to begin with. All about Turkey-Raising. Price, 25 cenW. FOR ONLY $1.50 ! We have arranged to offer to our Subscribers Xhe Miclligail Fanner and American Bee Journal — both for one year for the very low price of only $1.50. The Michigan Farmer is a 16-page, 64-column weekly — one of the oldest of its kind in the countr)-, and recognized as one of the ablest, most enterprisiug,'in- structive and reliable agricnlttiral, live stock and home .iournals of America. It is strictly first-class every way ; published weekly. This is certainly a great com- bination, giving 104 papers for $1.50. For Specimen Copies free, address The Michigan Farmer, Detroit, Mich, IS" Address Subscription Orders to American Bee Journal, Chicago, 111. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. [— -J 35tli Year. CHICAGO, ILL., JANUARY 17, 1895. No. 3. Coi;)tnbutcd /Vrticles* On Iini>ortant jA-piarian Subjects. The Production of Extracted Honey. The second in a series of articles on the subject. BY CHAS. DADANT. When I heard of the Hruschka invention, in 1868, I had abont 100 colonies of bees in movable-frame hives, and I, at once, ordered from a tinsmith a large round can, and bought a gearing similar to the ones used at that time on patent churns. I then requested our blacksmith to make a square iron frame, which I covered with metallic gauze all around. A revolving iron pivot in the center, and a wooden frame on the outside, finished up the extractor, in which we could ex- tract the honey from four Quinby frames at one time. It was a very bulky machine; but it worked splendidly, and was soon busy, for it was made in June, just at the time of the honey-flow. We began extracting as fast as the bees filled the combs, and the results were far above all that I had anticipated. I was so eager and so proud of success that I took the honey, not only from the surplus combs, but from the brood-frames as well, and filled barrel after barrel, like A. I. Root, who thought of emptying his cistern to store his crop. But a little of my enthusiasm dampened when I found that we had ex- tracted our honey before it was ripe, and that a part of it ripened unevenly. We found thai, in some cases, a part of the water separated from the honey at the time of granula- tion, and remained liquid, though somewhat sweet at the top of the honey. This had to be drawn off for spring feed and for vinegar. RIPENING AND UNCAPPING THE HONEY. Then the following question came to my mind : How can we ripen honey— by evaporating it after harvesting it, or by waiting until the bees have ripened it in the hive? The sec- ond way was the best, without a doubt. But if we wait until it is ripened in the hive, we will have to uncap the combs, since bees usually seal it as soon as it is ripe. I had uncapped several combs, but had found it a difficult and unpleasant job, especially as I first used a common table- knife. The knife, being straight, would rub against the edge of the frame, the more so as the combs were not always built straight in the frames, comb foundation not having been yet made and used practically. Besides, the cappings stuck to the knife or to the combs. I was not alone to notice these diEBculties, for several methods of uncapping were invented. One bee-keeper tried a "card," to scratch the combs, like the cards used to card wool ; another invented a revolving scraper. These inven- tions were discarded as soon as tried, and the thin-blade curved-handle knife succeeded better, notwithstanding the in- convenience of the capping sticking back to the combs; a defect which was later avoided by the invention of a knife Wm. McEvoy and Family. Woodhum, Ont.—See page 39. with a wide thick blade and beveled edges (invented by T. F. Bingham), and which, so far, has not been surpassed. DIFFICULTIES IN DISPOSING OF EXTRACTED HONEY. So we had a good crop of extracted honey on hand, but a difficulty arose. How were we to dispose of it ? So far, the only honey offered for sale, in the United States, was comb honey, whole or broken, and the ugly, dark and dirty article 34: THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 17, known as " strained honey," made by pressing the combs with more or less pollen, dead bees, and rotten wood from bee- gums mixed in. We offered our honey to grocers. They refused it. We offered it to the druggists, who had never seen anything but the dark strained honey, and who could not believe that it was a pure article. They told us they had no use for sugar syrup ! So we had but a few customers mainly among oar foreign-born neighbors, who had seen and used liquid or gran- ulated honey in Europe, extracted by sun heat. Part of our honey was sent to a St. Louis commission mer- chant. Luckily honey was scarce, and although of slow sale the honey brought a good price. It was only after years of efforts, and by placing the honey in the hands of local grocers, on commission, that we could succeed in establishing a reputation for it. It took some 13 or 16 years before the people would even use the terra "extracted honey," and it is but a comparatively short time since the large city markets quote " extracted honey " at all ; many people still mistaking it for the old "strained honey." COM FETING WITH ADULTERATORS OF HONEY. When extracted honey began to be more popular, the sales improved, but we soon had the competition of adultera- tors, which compelled a lowering of prices. One day as I was offering honey to a grocer — this was in 1877 — he replied that he could buy it in Chicago for much less than the price asked (20 cents), and produced a small jar containing one pound, for which he was paying 14 cents. Imagine my astonishment when I read upon the label the name of a Chicago dealer, to whom we had sold several barrels the same season at 17 cents per pound. How could he bottle it and retail it at 14 cents? But evidently it was not the same article, for his honey did not granulate. We also had the competition of a New York firm who used to put up a small piece of comb honey in a pound jar with liquid honey around it. The comb honey was put in " to prove its genuineness." It took a long time to show our customers that, if they wanted pure honey, they should ask for the granulated honey, since nearly all pure honey granulates in this climate, during cold weather. At a bee-keepers' convention held at Burlington, Iowa, in 1878, I exhibited a jar of glucosed honey bearing the name of a New York firm, and a committee was then appointed to present a petition to Congress to obtain a general law prevent- ing the adulteration of sweets. This petition was signed by some 30,000 people, and was heartily endorsed by Mr. New- man, in the American Bee Journal. The petition, however, was buried by some committee in Congress, which, in spite of ray endeavors (for I had been put in charge of it) never re- ported. Whether this proposed law interfered with some lawyers' idea of constitutional rights, whether it was neglected by some lazy Congressman, or whether it interfered with some wealthy gentleman's interests, I have never known. Hamilton, 111. (To be continued.) Cover for Sections to Prevent PropolizJng. BY GEO. G. SCOTT. A nameless questioner, in a recent number of the American Bee Journal, asks Dr. Miller, " What is used to cover the sec- tions, so they will not get covered with propolis ? I use sec- tion-holders." As a constant reader of the American Bee Journal, I have been patiently watching for some one to ask such a question, as it suggests an unfortunate feature of the section-holder. I am in full sympathy with this questioner, as he has evidently experienced the same trouble as myself, viz.: propolizing the unprotected top of the sections. The Doctor's answer, though disappointing, is unique and amusing. His Ji inch " layer of air " as a cover for the sections, while it possesses the essential quality of cheapness, is too ethereal, and does not seem to convey a satisfactory answer in his us- ually practical way. My unvarying experience has been, that a bare-headed section unprotected, save by a "layer of air," will at any sea- son of the working year, be more or less soiled. The tops of the sections being the first seen after packing in the shipping- cases, an air of untidiness is given the otherwise faultless sec- tions. So convinced by experience have I become, of the propolizing instinct of the bee to plaster an uncovered section top, that for some time I have not permitted an unprotected section on the hive. For the benefit of the Doctor's questioner, and others who may have had a similar trial, permit rae to give a successful remedy. Simply tack a section-holder bottom or " pattern slat," on top of the holder. The sections are thus snugly covered on all sides. But you say, "This pattern slat nearly fills the bee-space." That is true. To overcome this, place a frame of li\% strips between the surplus case and the lid. The section tops will thus remain clean, the " layer of air" be provided for, and no bees are crushed when the cover is replaced. So rigged, an annoying feature is overcome, and a handy arrangement is the result. But this is fussy ! The cost, time and trouble is as nothing compared to the annoy- ance of scraping 24 plastered section tops, that later will be packed with irremovable stains. Will some one else tell us what to do, as the Doctor's " layer of air " has been found wanting. Shall we continue to allow the bees to soil the section tops, or will we break up the too shallow surplus cases into kindling wood, and order a new lot of slightly increased depth, at an advanced price ? No, not yet awhile ! The pattern slats to cover the tops, and the strips to raise the cover, will suffice us until we have more light. We can probably avoid all these changes, if the Doctor will but tell us how he manages to "allow nothing to touch the sections." His questioner's bees and mine "touch" up the top of our exposed sections until they " get covered with propolis." For long years the writer has used exclusively that grand old stand-by — Root's Simplicity hive — with its super of seven wide frames of eight sections each. Being a light weight, and not always in fighting trim, I partly increased my apiary with the dovetail. Save in the case of handling the newer and lighter hives and cases, to-da} I must confess to a friendly weakness and a kindly regard "for the old-fashioned Simplicity. g^gmasaicw'j: FOR BEMOVING CASES OF SURPLUS HONEY In handling the heavy surplus arrange- ments full of finished honey on the Sim- plicity hives, I use a "bench screw ele- vator." It has four ^g'-inch rods bent in at the bottom ends, and hung to the four corners of a frame. This simple and cheap contrivance has been a source of comfort, and a saving of much heavy lifting. The ease with which it can be manipulated, and the surprise it causes the bees at seeing their season's surplus soar heavenward, without apparent cause, would bring a grin on a solemn face. So gently is a full case raised that scarcely a bee ever leaves the combs to interview the delighted operator. Non- patented. Wadena, Iowa. End View. ¥ Cause and Treatment of Bee- Paralysis. BY ADRIAN GETAZ. Before beginning our next campaign in bee-keeping, let us take a good, full look at our enemy, the now famous bee- paralysis. As to a description of the disease, I shall refer to my two contributions on the subject in the American Bee Journal, in 1894, and also to an excellent article written by a correspon- dent who signed himself " Novice." Also to the description given by Cheshire, in his books, and if Gleanings and the Review are at hand, the articles they have published on the subject, especially those written by Messrs. Ford and Dayton. That the disease is produced by a bacillus, as described by Cheshire, is now almost incontestible, and can be safely ad- mitted. That it is exceedingly contagious is also certain, but how it is transmitted from one bee to another is the first point to investigate. In foul brood, the bacillus multiplies exceedingly rapidly, and when the brood is dead, and the nutriment thereby ex- hausted, turn into spores by the millions. These spores es- cape, and are carried all over the hives by the bees themselves, as the spores may stick to their bodies by the honey whenever any spores happen to be deposited on it, and perhaps also by the wind, as the spores are so light that they fioat freely in the air, until they come in contact with something or other to which they adhere. Among the human diseases, none is communicated directly by contact. In case of consumption, some of the bacilli produced in the diseased lungs are thrown out by coughing with the matters expectorated, transform into spores, and escape, and are carried by the air into somebody 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 35 else's lungs, where they develop. With the fevers, the bacilli are found also in the dejections of the patient, where they de- velop into spores as these dejections dry, and from there either float into the air, or are carried by the water, and eventually find their way into somebody else's digestive apparatus, where they multiply and develop again another case of fever. The bacillus producing the silkworm disease has already been referred to in my former contributions. In that case the diseased worms or larv;i3 do not always die, but frequently go through the full transformation into moths, and these moths lay eggs, but these eggs are found to be also infected, and give birth to diseased worms. Talov. See«r," is what some Iowa people are thinking of calling Hon. Eugene Secor a little later on. It sounds well, es- pecially as it would be a case of the office seeking the man, rather than the opposite, which is too often the fact. Mr. Secor would make a strong candidate, no matter what the office in view. Many Kn<;ourag;ingr Expressions of appreciation have come to this office lately, and particularly since Jan. 1. I want to say that I prize them all very much, and regret that there is room in these columns for only a few of them. Here are some samples, referring to the new form of the American Bee Journal; Friend York: — I congratulate you on a much improved ap- pearance of the American Bee Journal.— Cbas. P. Muth, Cincin- nati, Ohio. No. 1 for 1S9.5 is received. I like its make-up very much. This time the improvement is truly visible.— C. H. Chapman, Cohoctah. Mich. I congratulate you on the improved looks of the American Bee Journal.— E. T. Flanagan, Belleville, 111. The first number of the American Bee Journal for 1895 has ap- peared in enlarged form. It is much improved in other ways. — American Bee-Keeper. Dear Mr. York:— You are the "beatin'est" man for a change! 1 thought Wx^ was woman's prerogative. However, I'm not the one to find fault, as long as every change is for the better. That old last year's cover was too deep for me. Was it mistletoe and honeycomb, or holly-berries and linden ? However, I'll not abuse the departed. This present cover, he who runs may read — the eagle, the flag, the honey-bee and the hat-pin. The pin having two heads doesn't destroy its significance. What a happy com- bine ! Did any one lie awake nights to study that up ? We en- joyed reading this number (Jan. 3) more than usual. It was such a strong, bright number. Very sincerely. Center Chain, Minn. Mrs. B. J. Livingston. Xroiisei-s Clasps, such as bicycle riders wear just above the ankles, are also a good thing to prevent the bees crawling up inside the trousers. Mr. S. M. Keeler, in the American Bee-Keeper, tells of this. It's a kink worth knowing. E<1itoi* Ernest R. Root gives in Gleanings a good picture of Mr. N. E. Prance (of the firm of E. France & Son, Platteville, Wis.) in connection with a delightful account of his visit last fall to the apiaries owned and operated by these excellent Wisconsin bee-keepers. They prefer the Carniolan bees, and use them almost wholly in their apiaries. Editor Root says : They find the barrels are the best packages for large amounts of honey, and, when properly coopered and cared for. afterward give but little trouble from leakage. They do not need to be waxed inside, but should become thoroughly dried, and the hoops should be driven down before filling the barrels with honey. They had had, for experiment, some large barrels made, holding 500 pounds and over; but these were too heavy and bulky to handle. The smaller size, holding about 300 pounds, was much better. The door of the honey-house communicating with the apiary was on a level with the ground. The other door was just opposite, facing the roadway, and was just high enough so a barrel could be rolled from the floor into a wagon-box. Xlie I\ortli American Convention Report is still just where it was left in the number of the Bee Journal for Dec. 20, 1894. I have not received a bit more copy up to to-day (Jan. II). Probably when ex-Secretary Benton gets through "hiber- nating " down in Washington, he'll be able to send in the balance of the Report, which he has been holding since the first week in November, 1894. The Report is the property of the Association, ordered by it to be printed in the American Bee Journal, and Mr. Benton is making one of the biggest mistakes of his life when he persists in holding back that Report. 'Flie Kees Ktill Xliere.— It is learned through Mr. D. D. Daniher, a subscrii)er in Madison, Wis., that a bee-keeper in that place had been complained about to the city council, a petition being presented asking "that the council pass an ordinance to prohibit or restrict the keeping of bees in the city." Mr. Daniher saw the owner of the bees, who told him that mischievous boys in the neighborhood bad pelted the tives with stones, thus arousing the bees, the dents of the stones showing clearly on the hives. Mr. D. then spoke to the mayor about it, who had kept bees for '20 years right in the same city, and had never had the least trouble with any one on account of keeping bees. He told the mayor that he (Mr. D.) hoped the complaint would be carefully considered before prohibiting the keeping of bees inside the city limits. The result of Mr. Daniher's efforts is shown in the factthat " the petition died in the committee's hands." Very few cities are so fortunate as to have an ex-bee-keeper as 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 41 mayor. Oftener city mayors are more familiar with political wire-pulling than with the habits of the harmless boney-bee. But beekeepers will be glad to ''score one" for Madison's sensible mayor. — ♦-.-»■ I»Ir. Jolin Xlioriie Calvort, the energetic business manager of The A. I. Root Company, and new Treasurer of the North American Bee-Keepers' Association, is pictured and written up in fine style in Gleanings for Jan. 1. Mr. Calvert seemed to think the household "queens " on this side the line superior to those " reared " in his native land, for he had been over here only five short years when he decided he must possess one of Mrs. A. I. Root's "golden daughters." Canada may think she's ahead on one kind of honey, but I'm sure it would appear that Mr. Calvert preferred a certain United States " honey." But the United States is ime ahead this time, as Mr. Calvert has since been a member of Uncle Sam's big family. Ke«-Keei>ei-!i Called " Bar-Keepers."— About the best joke (?) heard of lately was perpetrated by the Chicago Inter- Ocean of Dec. 19, 1894, when it published the following libelous (?) "special:" NORTHERN ILLINOIS BAR-KEEPERS. ROOKFORU, III., Dee. IS. — Upecial Telegnmi. — The annual meet- ing of the Northern Illinois Bar-Keepers' Association convened m this city to-day, and will continue over tomorrow. At to-day's session a number of essays were read, among them one by Dr. Miller, of Marengo. President Herrick, Secretary B. Kennedy, and Treasurer O. J. Cummiogs read their annual reports, showing the Association to be in a p(|psperous condition. The attendance is the best the Association has ever had. Bar-keepem ! My, but wasn't that a rough one ? The idea of calling the strongest kind of temperance folks "idc-keepers!" Surely, wonders and mistakes will never cease. This '' bar " busi- ness is far ahead of the St. Joseph " variety show " episode. Dr. Miller is now " one worse " than A. I. Root. But the only reason for it is, that " A. I." wasn't near enough to " get there," too, or he'd come in for an equal share of the " joke." /Vn^oj^g \)r)c Bee-Papers CoiicZuoted t>y " GL,EA.NBR." THE AMERICAN BEE .TOURNAL FOR JAN. 3. Here comes a package in the mail that is too long to be one of the bee-papers, but there is a familiar look about the directions on it. Sure as anything 1 it's the American Bee Journal. " How do I like it ?" Don't like it at all. 'Tisn't our old friend with its familiar look, and we always look with an evil eye upon any usurper that attempts to take the place of a long cherished friend like " the old reliable." But now I'll throw all prejudice aside, and try to look up- on it as a new candidate for the favor of bee-keepers, and not as trying to take the place of an old friend, and then see what there is in it worse or better than the old friend. In the first place, the size is not so convenient. The nearer a bee-paper comes to the size of an ordinary book the pleasanter it is to handle. In the second place — second place — in the second place, it is — well, now, really I don't know that I can name any other objection. As to points of superiority, the better paper is quite an item. It has a good " feel," and there's some comfort in that when handling a paper. And then that better paper means better pictures. Possibly more of them, for I think some of the new kind of pictures can hardly be printed on the poorer kinds of paper. Leafing over the pages the heidings have a pleasant look, and the neatly-printed pages are a pleasure to the eye. On the whole, all that's wanted is probably a little familiarity to make it liked away ahead of the old. And I confess every time I look it over I like it better. Now for a look at the contents. What fine pictures of those two bright Frenchmen. By the twinkle in the eye of the younger he's getting ready for a joke on some one. Glad to see the elder booked for a series of articles instead of send- ing off all his best thoughts across the ocean. Messrs. Demaree and Benton want a new set of Vice- Presidents for the Bee-Keepers' Union. Good idea, and a good list of names nominated by Mr. Benton. The published list of those who were voted for, but not elected, last year, con- tains a number of available names also. Well, well, isn't here an innovation as is an innovation ? In Editorial Comments the American Bee Journal is mentioned, and it isn't AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL, nor ^Jiicricmt Bee Journal, nor even " American Bee Journal," but just Ameri- can Bee Journal. But then, come to think of it, is there any reason why the name of a paper should be capitalized, or itali- cised, or put in quotation marks, any more than the name of a person, town. State, or any other proper name '? But shades of editorial highfalutinism ! if here isn't the personal pronoun, first person singular, instead of the regular, time-honored editorial " we !" And this from the "we "-est man in the whole fraternity ! Got clear down from his high horse right among his readers ! Well, we'll like him all the better, even if we don't stand in quite so much awe of him. A new departure in the way of a department by a Bee- Master from that " strip or belt which has no superior as a honey-field anywhere." There's the glove thrown down, Mrs. Atchley ! Well, that quite a " strip or belt " separates Texas from Canada, or there might be a case of premature baldness in the northern country. Bee-master seems master of the English language as well as of bees. THE HEALTHFULNES.S OF HONEY. Harry Lathrop, in Gleanings, quotes the following from a health journal : " Honey is concentrated nerve food in its very sweetest form; and if people would use honey on their bread, instead of butter, they would have more vitality, better complexions, and a more even disposition. The ancient patriarchs re- garded honey as the cream of food ; and so it is if eaten lightly. Honey-eaters are the kindest, best dispositioned, and most benevolent of people." EXPERIMENTS IN "FEEDING BACK." R. L. Taylor continues his interesting reports in the Re- view, and in the December number he appears not entirely discouraged as to feeding back to have sections completed. The great objection that sections so completed are in the bad habit of granulating he thinks may be overcome, but suggests no means of overcoming. Likes milk-pan feeder to avoid the twang giving by using the wooden feeder. Experimented with two colonies, putting on Q'ii'ji pounds of honey in un- finished sections, and sections with foundation only. Fed 218% pounds extracted honey, adding 15 to 20 per cent, of hot water. Finished sections weighed 20.5 pounds, making 1.61 pounds fed for every pound stored. Thinks the colonies were the better for the feeding, having reared more young bees. Cat^adiat) Beedon;). Conducted by "BEE-MASTER." mr. jr. T. Calvert, Ex-Canadian. Gleanings for Jan. 1, contains a photogravure and life-sketch of J. T. Calvert, the secretary and treasurer of The A. I. Root Co. It will be a surprise to many Canadian bee-keepers, as it •was to Bee-Master, to learn that Mr. Calvert is a native of the province of Ontario. He was born in Victoria County, Dec. 7, 1862. His grandparents on both sides were from old Eng- land, so he comes of good stock and was born well. I beg to suggest that Editor York borrow the picture, copy the sketch, and insert them in the Canadian Beedom department of the American Bee Journal at an early day. It would also be interesting to know how many prominent bee-men in the United States hail from Canada. I believe that Mr., now Dr. Gallup, the father of the Gallup hive, went to Orchard, Iowa, from the province of Quebec ; but whether he was a native of that province or not I do not know. Bee- Master would be glad to hear from him and any other "lost sheep" who have wandered across the line. A Honej-Bee Concert, Etc. The same issue of Gleanings also contains an article from F. A. Gemmill, of Stratford, Out., calling attention to the forthcoming meeting of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association, which is about to be held in the city where he resides. He expects the meeting will eclipse all former ones. He and John 42 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 17, Myers, also a resident of Stratford, are working hard to make the meeting a grand success. Mr. Gemmill is one of our best bee-keepers, and has the neatest apiary I have seen in Canada. I will not say it is the neatest in the country, because I have not seen them all, but it certainly presents a most creditable appearance, and the owner takes great pride In it, as he is justly entitled to do. Mr. Gemmill's "hobby," by his statement, is a' honey-bee concert, which, with Mrs. Gemmill's kind assistance, (I like to see a man polite to his wife,) he is getting up in connection with the forthcoming meeting. The music and "Mr. Holter- mann's pow-wow," as Mr. Gemmill rather irreverently calls Mr. H.'s promised magic lantern exhibition, to be given the same evening, are features enough to draw a big crowd of the gen- eral public in addition to the bee-keepers who will be present. Mr. Holterraann's part of the entertainment promises to be very interesting. It is not intended to get up a, furore about bee-keeping to in- duce a rush into business, but to enlighten the general public about the nature and habitsorbees,ln order to dispel the amaz- ing Ignorance there is in regard to these insects. Information will be given as to the manner in which bees secrete wax scales, build comb, gather and ripen honey, nurse the larvae, pack pollen in the baskets while on the wing, also how it is depos- ited in the cells for future use, the sting and its functions, and many other matters of Interest to the general public. A Liilllc Innocent Rivalry. Editor York proposes "an innocent rivalry between the departments conducted by Mrs. Atchley and Bee-Master." He says, "They are far enough apart to be equally fair." As a matter of fact, however, it is utterly impossible for us both to be "equally fair," because one belongs to the "fair sex" and the other doesn't. In my school-boy davs, one of the copperplate copies set me was, "Emulation is a noble passion." I hope we shall emulate all that is good in one another's de- partments, and both do all we can to make the American Bee Journal first In its class. "Canadian Rambler" in the North-West. We have a Canadian "Rambler" who has been traveling through the province of Manitoba and the North-West terri- tories, and who seems like the "Rambler" who so often ap- pears in Gleanings, to be a bee-keeper, for ho says that in the course of his travels he has "occasionally met a brother bee- keeper." From an article of his in the January issue of the Canadian Bee Journal it may be fairly concluded that bee- keeping can be successfully carried on even in regions, where as he says, "the mercury loves to creep down out of sight, or in other words 40 or 50 degrees below zero." The accounthe gives, is as follows: During last winter and this, so far. It has been ray privi- lege to do a good deal of travelliug through the province of Manitoba and North-West territories, and have occasionally met a brother bee-keeper. I thought that possibly if 1 were to send you a few lines In reference to bee-keeping in a part of our country where the mercury loves to creep down out of sight, or in other words, 40 or 50 degrees below zero, it might be Interesting to you and your readers. I bad about formed in my own mind a poor opinion of this western part of our country as far as bee-keeping was co»cerned, but thought best to interview two or three parties who have a practical experi- ence in connection with our Industry here, before writ- ing you. I wrote two gentlemen here, who I believe have as good an idea of bee-keeping as any one in the Province, and received a very satisfactory answer from one of them, the substance of which I give. Mr. Gilbert Gunn was born in Manitoba, and has kept bees here for the last seven years. He has used the Heddon, Jones and Combination, but prefers the Jones single-walled hive and is using that now. Mr. Gunn tells me he never saw a tame bee till he started bee-keeping seven years ago, and he knew little or nothing about them at that time, and, having all to learn, he has, as we may well suppose, seen the shadow as well as the sunshine of bee-culture. He worked away with fair success till the fall of 1891 found him with 16 colonies, which he wintered in the cellar,and took out 12 in the spring, from which he received 20 swarms and 1,200 pounds of honey. The following fall he did not prepare the bees properly for winter and lost, as a consequence, 16 colonies. During the last two years Mr. Gunn has not paid the attention to the bees that they merited, consequently they have become greatly reduced in numbers, he having only four colonies last spring, one of which he sold, leaving him three, from which he took 435 pounds of extracted honey. He keeps the Italian bees, and winters them In the cellar under his house, and said in answer to the following ques- tion,— Do you not find the winter very hard on the bees ? — "As far as I know it Is not as hard as the Ontario winter. Of course we can't winter bees outside." His honey is all extracted, and gathered principally from the Canada thistle, golden-rod and wolf-berry, and is mostly bright in color, the golden-rod however being dark. I am pleased to find that they have prizes offered for honey at the Provincial Exhibition held in Winnipeg, as well as down east, and it appears that Mr. Gunn has not been let- ting the other bee-keepers have it all their own way with the prizes, as he got the best of one of Mr. D. A. Jones' right- hand men. The prairie here in summer is said to be literally covered with wild flowers for several months, and of course the bees would gather some honey from them, but I have wondered If the nectar was in proportion to the flowers. The almost unceasing hot winds of summer, and terrible cold of winter, I had thought too much for any bees, but Mr. Gunn's experience says not so. Canadian Rambler. I knew before that bees could be and were being kept in some localities of the North-West, but supposed that it must be done under difficulties. In my "Salutatory" I spoke of Ca- nadian Beedom as "a comparatively narrow strip or belt stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific." Mr. Gunn's ex- perience widens the strip or belt considerably, and now one is curious to know how far north "the little busy bee" can be made a success. Possibly as far north as flowers secrete nectar. How far north is that? Like Dr. Miller, "I don't know." 'I'he l>«'s ^loinos In<-ii1>a(or Co., of Des Moines, Iowa, has issued a neat cata- logue of .SB pages, illustrating and describ- ing fully their incubators and brooders. It also shows the principal stages of the de- velopment of the chick from the egg, in a series of pictures. Better send for this catalogue, and see what the above firm have to offer. Mainpit- 4'o|»io'-i of the "American Bee Journal" will be mailed free to all who ask for them. The next three or four months will be just the time for getting new subscribers, and if any of our friends can use sample copies among their bee- keeping neighbors, in order to get them as new subscribers, we will be glad to mail the samples, it the names and addresses are Bent to us. Better educated bee-keepers will mean better things for all. Xlie Seo<1 and Plant (iiuifle is- sued by H. W. Buckbee, the noted seedman of Rockford, 111., is one of the finest we have ever seen. It contains ItiO pages, is beautifully illustrated, and is complete in every particular. Send for it. Your name and address on a card will get it. See ad- vertisement on page 44. Be sure to men- tion the Bee Journal. Kin«l«*r!!< for this size of the American Bee Journal we can furnish tor 7.5 cents each, postpaid; or we will club it with the Bee Journal for a year — both for .^1.00. We have a few of the old size ((ix9) Binders left, that we will mail for only 40 cents each, to close them out. Cole's Oarden Annnal for 1895, treating of Garden, Farm and Flower SeedS' is an SO-page pamphlet of unusual neatness and beauty. It offers a full line of seeds. Address, Cole's Seed Store, Pella ,Iowa, and get a copy of his nice Annual. A B < ' of l-<'uliiii-<> — just see the magnificent olfers on page 15. Everyone of our subscribers can now have a copy of that splendid book 1'lic Aniat<*iir Itoc-Krepei- is the name of a neatWpage pamphlet, 4x7 inches in size. It is written by that practical Missouri bee-keeper, Mr. J. W. Rouse, and published by the Leahy Mfg. Co. It should be read by every bee-keeper, whether an amateur or not. A new and second edition has just been issued, the first 1,000 copies being disposed of in only two years. It is nicely and fully illustrated. Price, post- paid, 35 cents ; or clubbed with the Ameri- can Bee Journal for a year — both, *1.15. Great Premiums on page 33 I 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 43 4Jonveiitloit ^fotices. Colorado.— The 15th annual meetlnif of the Colorado State Bee-Keepers' Association will be held on Monday and Tuesday. Jan. Ul and 22. 1895, In Denver. H. Knight, Sec. Littleton, Oolo. New York.— The annual meeting of the Ontario Co.. N Y.. Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in Canandalg-ua. N. Y.. Jan. 25 and 26, 1895. Come early. Everyone come: Bellona, N. Y. Huth E. Taylor, Sec. Ontario. Canada.— The annual meeting- of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association will be held at Stratford. Jan. 22, 23 and 24, 1895. All bee-keepers are cordially invited to at- tend. W. CouBE, Sec. Streetsville, Ont. Minnesota.— The regularsemi-annual meet- ing of the Southern Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Association will be held on the first Monday in May, 1895, at LaCrescent, Minn, All bee- keepers invited, E, C. Cornwell, Sec. Winona, Minn, Pennsylvania,— The Venango County Bee- Keepers' Association of northwestern Penn- sylvania will hold their 2nd annual meeting In the City Hall at Franklin, Pa., on Jan. 28, 1895, at 1 o'clock p.m. All interested send for program. C. S. Pizer, Sec. Franklin. Pa. Wisconsin.— The 11th annual meeting of the Wisconsin State Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in the Capitol, at Madison, Feb. 6 and 7, 1895. All bee-keepers are requested to attend, whether they receive a forn^al notice or not. H. Lathrop, Rec. Sec. Browntown. Wis. Kansas —There will he a meeting of the Southeastern Kansas Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion on March 16. 1895, at Goodno's Hall, in Bronson, Bourbon Co.. Kans. It is the annual meeting, and all members are requested tj be present, and all beekeepers are cordially in- vited. J. c. Balch. Sec. Bronson, Kans. California.— The California State Bee- Keepers' Association will hold its fourth an- nual meeting on Tuesday and Wednesday February 5 and 6.1895. at the Chamber of Commerce, corner of 4th and Broadway, Los Angeles. Programmes will be ready Jan. 15. Prof. A. J. Cook, Pree, J. H. Martin, Sec, Bloomington, Calif. Vermont.— The next annual convention of the Vermont Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in Mlddlebury. Vt.. on Jan. :iO and 31 , 1895. Programs will be prepared and mailed later. Let every Vermont bee-keeper begin now to preoare to attend, and all those who can reach Mlddlebury, whether you live in Vermont or not, we want vou to come. Barre. Vt. H. W. Scott. Sec. Old Bee Joiirnsils. — We have quite a number of old copies of the American Bee Journal, extending back perphaps 10 years. We will send these out at une cent a mpy, all to be different dates, and back of Jan. 1, 1S94. Remember they are udd num- bers, and you must let us select them. We cannot furnish them in regular order, that is, one or two months' numbers without a break, but will mail you as many single or odd copies as you may wish, upon receipt of the number of cents you want to invest in them. They will be fine reading for the long winter evenings, and many a single copy is worth a whole years' subscription. Better send for ten or more copies, as a sample order. Only a cent a copy, hack of Jan. 1, 1S94. Waiits or Excliaiiges. This department is only tor your •• Wants " or bona-flde '• Exchanges." and such will be Inserted here at 10 ceiitH a Jlno for each time, when specially ordered into this depart- ment. Exchanges for cash or for price-lists. or notices offering articles for sale, will not be inserted here— such belong in the regular advertising columns, at regular rates. WANTED— To exchange. Pure St. Bernard Pups, bred from registered stock. Will exchangefor any thing useful. Would like a portrait lens. SCOTT BRILLHART. 3A2t Millwood. Knox Co., Ohio. Honey & Beeswax Market Quotations. CHICAGO. III.. Dee. 27.— Up to the present the sales on honey have met with our expec- tations. We have received considerably more honey than we figured on handling, owing to the short crop report, and we think the early shippers reaped the benefit. However, we are now getting the average price, viz.: Fancy. 15c. ; white. No. 1. 14@13c. Extracted. 6@7c. Beeswax, 28@29c. J. A. L. CHICAGO, 111., Jan. 3.-As usual, the vol- ume of trade in honey is small at this season. Butour stock is not heavy, and soon as this month is past we expect a demand that will clean out all present and prospective offer- ings. Comb sells at 14c. for good white; fan- cy brings 15c.: dark grades, 8® 12c. Extracted white. 6@"c.; dark, 5@6c. Beeswax, 27@28o. R. A. B. & Co. NEW YORK, N. Y.. Dec. 20.— The market for comb and extracted lioney is good, and the supply equals the demand. Fancy clover and buckwheat sells best; off grades are not quite as salable ; and 2-pound sections are little called for. We quote as follows: 1-pound fancy clover. i:!@14c.; 2-pound. 12H@13c.; 1- pound white. 12@12^c.; 2-pound. 12c.; l- pound fair, lOiailc; 2-pound, lOOllc; 1- pound buckwheat, 10@llc. ; 2-pound. 9@10c. Extracted, clover and basswood. G(a6!4c. ; buckwheat, 5@5!4c.; Southern. 50@60c. per gallon. Beeswax, scarce and in good demand at29@30c, C. I.&B. CINCINNATI. O.. Jan. 7. — Demand for honey is very quiet since the holidays, and prices are unchanged. Comb honey brings 14@16c. for best white, and extracted 4@7c. Beeswax is in good demand at 23@28c. for good to choice yellow. C. F. M. & S. KANSAS CITY, Mo., Jan. 7.— The dercaad for both comb and extracted is light. Supply good. We quote; No. 1 white comb. 1-Ihs.. 14@15c. : No. 2 white. 12@13c. ; No. 1 amber. 13c.; No. 2 amber. 10@llc. Extracted, white. 6@6',4c.; anihe_r. 5@5V4c. ; dark. 4^c. Beeswax. ; C. C. C. & Co. BUFFALO. N. Y.. Dec. 17.— The demand for honey Is very qjiet. Wequote; Fanov. 13® 14c.; choice. ll@12c.; others from S@10c. Literal amount of stock in market. The pros- pects are that the demand will be very light until after the holidays. Extracted is moving very slowly at 5@7c. B. & Co. NEW YORK. N. Y.. Dec. 31 —The demand for comb honey has been very light of late and has now almost dwindled down to nothing. The supply has been accumulating and there is a large stock on the market. In order to move it in round lots, it will be nec- essary to make liberal concessions from rul- ing quotations. We quote: Fancy white, 1- Ibs.. 13c.: off grades, lie; buckwheat, 9c. We have nothing new to report in extracted. It is moving off slow and plenty of stock on the market, with more arriving. Beeswax is steady and finds ready sale on arrival at 30c. per pound. H. B. & S. RUDY'S IMLE SUPPOSITORY Is guaranteed to cure Piles and Constipation, or money refunded. 50 cents per box. Send two stamps for circular and free Sample to MAKTIN RUDY, RpgLstered Pharmacist, Lan- caster, Pa. No PcjSTALs Answered. For sale by all first-class druggists everywhere. Peter Van Schaack & Sons, Uobt. Stevenson & Co., Morrison, Plummer & Co., and Lord. Owen & Co.. Wholesale Agents, Chicago, Ills. Pease mention the Bee Journal. Novi5 if' MvnHoiL lite ^iinvricdii UccJounuu BBB'S! It you keep BUISS, sub- scribe for the Progressive Bee-Keeper— a journal de- voted to Bees, Honey, and kindred induptries. ilO cents per year. Sample copy, also beautifully illustrated cat- Address?* Bec-Kecpers' Supplies, free. LEAHY MFG. CO, HIGGINSVILLE, MO. Mention the American Bee Jr-umal. COLE'S lll°!trated pope Garden Annual Plii SEEfiS? I The Best and la- j test Novelties I ^^^HM in Beanb. Oobn. Lettuce. Melon, Tomato A Seed Potatoes. Panbies I BwEET Peas. Save money in bayinc from us. ('omplete list. t^Eitraa with orders. Address COLE'S Seed Store, Pella, lowa^ Metitioii Uic j^mencan tsee JownuAb- laiigstrotlirr. Hone) -Bee -REVISED BY THE DADANTS- This magnificent classic in bee-literature has been entirely re-written, and is fully illustra- ted. It treats of everything relating to bees and bee-keeping. No apiarian library is com- plete without this standard work by Rev. L. L. Langstfoth— the Father of American Bee- Culture. It has .520 pages, and is substan- tially bound in cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.40; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year— both for $2.15; or the book free as a premium for sending us 4 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at $1 each G. W. YOKK & CO., 56 6th Ave., Chicago, 111. the slot Questiot;)'Box> In the multitude of counsellors there is safety.— Prov. 11-14. Packing Bec« in tlie Spring- Doe>!i it Pay ? ®_^ prop a Postals V s V V s s Catalogue^ ►^ A list of the best seeds sold anywhere, at s< K right prices, containing over 400 lllustra- S ►^ tions, 2 colored plates and a beautiful V K cover. Send for ft at once. S S Mailed Free if you name this paper. V hOWASEED CCDesMoines.I Your Beeswax Exchanged UNTIl. FlIKTHEit NOTICE, we will allow 30 cents per pound for Good Yel- low Beeswax, delivered at our office— in ex- cbange tor Subscription to the Bee Jocrnal. for Bo ks. or anything that we offer for sale In the Bee Journal. In thus exchanging, we cannot afford to allow any Club Kate prices. Always ship the Wax by Express, and pre- pay the charges; also put your name and address on the package to avoid mistakes. GEORGE W. YORK & CO.. . . - CHICAGO, ILLS. Query 955.— Does it pay for the trouble to pack bees in the spring after taking out of the cellar ?— Mich. W. M. Barnum. — No. .7. A. Green — I think so. Jas. A. Stone — I think not. S. I. Freeborn— I think not. Rev. Emerson T. Abbott— It would not pay me. .1. M. Hambaugh — I think not in my locality. Dr. C. C.Miller— I don't know. I doubt if it does. G. M. Doolittle — Some years, yes ; others, no. Dr. J. P. H. Brown.— I don't think it would pay. H. D. Cutting — In many cases and situations, yes. Rev. M. Mahin — I have never tried it, but I think not. Mrs. J. N. Heater — If they are in sin- gle walled hives, yen. E. France — I don't know. We winter our bees all out-doors. Dadant & Son — Not usually, especially if they are in good condition. B. Taylor — I have tested it fully sev- eral springs, and it never paid me. R. L. Taylor — See account of experi- ment on that point in late Reviews, Prof. A. J. Cook — Some years' experi- ence in Michigan makes me think yes. Mrs. L. Harrison — I never tried it. I think that the sun upon the hive is most beneficial. W. G. Larrabee — I never had much experience with -cellar-wintering, but I think not. P. H. Elwood — That depends upon the hive, largely. With a warm hive it probably does not. C. H. Dibbern — Possibly in some locali- ties, but with me such packing has not paid for the trouble. Mrs. Jennie Atchley — None of that business in ray country, and In fact I never saw a chaff hive or a packed hive of any kind in my life, therefore I don't know. Eugene Secor — Sometimes I have thought yes, and sometimes no. If we knew in advance just what kind of a spring we were to have, we could make better calculations. G. W. Demaree — I live too far South to be authority on that point. In my locality the heat of the sun is worth more than packing, and the latter ex- cludes the warmth of the sun. J. E. Pond — I have never kept bees in a cellar, but should not suppose they should be taken out until they could fly safely. If they can do so, there can be no need for packing, I think. Dr. G. L. Tinker — Yes, if you take them out early enough. You will save all the cost of packing in the amount of stores consumed. If I wintered bees in the cellar, they would be put out every year about the last of February, and packed in winter cases. SUCCESSFUI i INCUBATOR LJ A CHtBloeue giving full^ 'information reeurdiQeg brooding, also a treatise^ on poultry raisiiiE sent^ FREE- Write now to DCS Uolnefi Incubator Co.,g Hoi I Des M0INE6, Ia.' 9^%^%/%/%/%/%,^ IDKt Mention the Anitni:an Lit., .toumai. Paa rt./ionflki— Stampeders. Cheap but good. D( C*CMJa|lCs 8 cts. each: 12— 7oc., postpaid. J, — Little Giants, more, istruc- tions with each. M. (J. Office, Los Angeles. loDtf C. \V. Dayloii, Florence, Calif. BERKSHIEE. Cheater White, Jersey Bed and Pot&nd China rtplGS. Jersey, Gucrnaey Bnd ' flfilHteio Cattle. Thoroughbred Shefp. Fancj Poaltry. Hunting ftnd Houee Doge. Catalogue. W. f MITHTcochranvllle, Cheater Co., Fennil. 1 !l )26 Mention Ike American Bee Journal. ****•**••♦*•*••***••*•*♦*• Drone and Queen Traps iry'"'?r^t 25 cents each; 12. $2.50. postpaid. Ins INCUBATORS: We Warrant The Reliable* ToH.tchbi'prr ce^t.SELIREceL.Tl^G "ff l>\iT^blf, Correct Id Principle. Le.der JL .t World'. Fair. Sets. Id staoips for . ..eiT 112 pn«e Poultr, Guide »nd Ci.t.- * •ft-l.-pue. POTTLTRY FOR PROFIT mndc pliin. Be-i-Itock Information. * ■k Reliable Incubator and Brooder Co..Quincy, III. -k •***•***•••••••******•**•* 3D 13 JUcntion the A mcrUan Bee JournaL ONE MAN WITH THE UNION ^°'^iz^^'°'' I an do the work of four men using hjind tools, in Kipping, Cutting-off, Mi- tring. Rabbeting, Groov- ing. Gaining. IJadoing, Eciginir-up. Jointing Stuff, etc. Full Lineof Foot and Hand Power Machinery. .Solil on Trial. Catalogue Free, SENECA FAI.I.S MFG. CO., 46 Water St., SENECA FALLS. N. Y. 25D12 Mention the Ame.rirnn Bee Journal. rtnunof 99a UO01J3UIY "^''J uojjtoj* am •amiASNVAa isiags iq paqsuqn,! •saaqonax oisniv O) uoiJsnpsH piKdjsod sinaDQ^eoiaj -Suns J0.i3.iaqiHiq v S3>ii;i"J -3NOS ZXTVAV V— ^,1- a^piipar aiuaanti -c^ i isaiwn 3HX aavBH noA 3AVH ^IMPLFY HATCHER & OimrLCA BROODER Combined. THE MOST PERFECT Tnciibator l>lade. Hatches every egg that a hen could luitcii; Kegulates it.self auto- iiuiticully; Kertuces the cost of l^nultrvmising toa miDimum. tieiid for Illustrated Catalogue. KiO V.ee Hize $16.00. SiMPUXMANF'G. CO..Qulncy.lll. IDTt Mention tlie Americon liee Jvunial. FARMERS, Send 10 cents in U S. stamps and have your name and address printed in our Special Far- mers' • 'irectory— which goes whirling all over the Dnited States, to manufacturers and business men of all kiuds. It will bring you mail in the shape of letters and reading matter of all kinds, from the four cor- ners of the land. Your name inserted in three Directories for only 2."> cents. Give ue a trial— we GuAtiANTEE satisfaction. A free copy of the Directory sent to every name received. THE FARMERS' DIRECTORY CO. 23—1643 Champa, Denveu, Colo. Mention Uus .American Bee Jowrrwi. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 45 Largest Faclory in the West. -COMPLETE STOCK.- Good Supplies and Low Prices— Our Motto. We are here to serve you, and will, if you give us a chance. Catalogue Free. Address. Mention this Journal. LEAHY MANUFACTURING CO., HiGGINSVILLE. MO. Did You Ever? JENNIE ATCHLEY ;?h^^°°i1, A Neiv Factory — New Eng:ine and Bniler— the onl.\ Steam Hee-llive Factiory in South Tex. ^^ Dovetailed Hives and All KindM of SiipplieM. Let me know what you want and I will make you a L(JW ESTIMATE. ROOT'S GOODS and DAnA\TS' FOi;iNDATIOi\. Send for Oataloj JAMESO.N. Needed by every teacher, pupil and family ; indorsed by press and public. Agents selling 50 books per week. Successful agents will he made general agents. Big Pay PURITAN PUBLISHING CO., Boston, Mass. 2 6E3t MtntUm the American Bee JourTUU. 48 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 17, 1895. Falcon Sections It^^'^SV; Tlio Very Best on tlie Market. They are the origrinal "Polished Sections." Hives & Winter Cases. All Style*). IiOueKt Frice8. Bee-Supplies or all KIn4ls Cheap 5 Per Cent. Discount Z?iloil'tV^ce^l Inp Shipping-Ciiges) until December let, 4 % in Deceniber,3 % iu January, 2 % in February Cata1og:iie and copy of the "American Bee-Keeper," tree. "Address, TUEW.T.FALCOiMMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. (Bstabllshed 14 Years.) Mention Vie American Bee Journal. In-Door & Out- Door Brooders. 112 FIRST PREMIUMS. Seud for 114-page Illustrated Prairie State Incubator Co. Homer City, P.t. WHEN ANSWERING THIS ADVERTISEMENT. MENTION THIS JOURNAL. Attention, Bee-Keepers ! REItlEMBEH, tliat Jennie Atchle.v Is pre- pared to mail you an Untested Queen for $1.00 any day in the year. She will rear for her 189,") trade, the old Leather-Colored or 3- Band Italians; 5-Iiand and Silver Gray Carni- olans reared in separate yards at a safe dis- tance. Prieex, from Jnnuary to June, Un- tested. SI. 00; $.5.00 for 6: $9.00 per dozen. Tested ;i Band. $1.50. Tested 5- Band and Car- niolan. $2.50 each. Fine Breeders, of either race, $5.00. My very best straight 5-Band Breeders, $10.00 CHCh. Bees by the Pound, $1.00; Nuclei. $1.00 a Frame: Full Colonies, $6.00, with Untested Queens. It is now proven that Bees shipped North in April and May pay well, and strong 2-frame Nuclei and Queens will build up and give a honey crop. This is oue of my Specialties. safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. I am now preparing to be ready to All all orders for BEES and QUEENS promptly, and If you contemplate buying any Bees or Queens it will be to your interest to write me for Prices on Large Lots and to the Trade. Let me book vour orders. ALL BEE-SUPPLIES ^::^^s^Li°r^''- l^f Send lor Catalogue. _^J iniRS. JENNIE ATCHLEY, BEEVILLE, Bee Co., TEX. Mention t)ie American Bee Journal. PTH'S HONEY EXTBACTOB PEKFECTION Cold-Bla«t Smokers* Btc. Sqnare Glass Honey Jars, For Circulars, apply to Cbas. F. Muth & Son. Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O. Send lOo for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers. Mtntimi the American Bee Journal. Globe Bee^^^ By mail for One Dollar. Five cross-liars are rlvlted la the 'centre at the tup. These bend down ' f and button to studs on a neck-band. The burs are best llcbt sprint! steel. . The neckband is hard sprliin brass. Till' iRttlng Is wbite with face-piece of blaik tiiscctliruuKb. = Ills casUv put toRether and folds jcouipactly in a case, 1x6x7 Inches. 1 tlio whole welcblnB but B ounces. It can he worn over an ordinary hat; fits any head; does not obstrui:t the vision, and can be worn In bed without discomfort. It Is a boon to any one whoir flies bother, mosqultos bite, or bees Btlng. iSr* This Veil we club with the Bee Journ for one year— both for $1 .75 ; or give free as Premium for sending us :! New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at $1.00 each. WHERE DO THEY GET THE STONE? TO BUILD THAT FOUNDATION. That is what a man said who read our advertisement. We do not use Stone, but BEESWAX to mal :nS^_CL#9the HIAKKI.T t;ARI)EM;U, Original iiid| ■ «UVCll.lC9 I n ^^ "^ ■• "^ ^^ handsome CatuloKnc Free to Seed Buyers. Johnson & Stokes, 217 and 219 Market .«t., Ph.iadelohia, Pa. Meiitimi the American Bee Journal. fV, 'I THE NEW CRANE SMOKER. V Among some of the Improvements are Light Skeleton Malleable- ''^ Iron Legs with toes contracted so as to be clear out of the way of the >K.>K.>K.>Itili>K.j.i Angers. The Shield is of the same sort as last year, but bugs toward the fingers and Bellows, leaving an air-space. The Cone Top Is hinged so as to fall back on the Bel- lows while filling. The Crane Valve has also been improved While the last year's pattern wa«An Excellent Smoker, ""^'« Better. PRICE, by mail, for 3/s-lnch Barrel, $1.8.j, postpaid; or *1.50 by express or freight. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. 35th Year. CHICAGO, ILL., JANUARY 24, 1895. No. 4. Cot;)tnbuted /Vrticles* On Important Apiarian Subjects, Bee-KeepiMg ia the City of Philadelphia. Br "STUDENT OF APICULTURE." It is not generally known that bee-culture is a feasible city industry. Bees and honey are so suggestive of cows and clover that a city bee seems, at first thought, an anomaly. Yet when it is considered that these industrious creatures are known to go three, four, and even five miles for forage, it is plain there is no reason why a colony should not be housed on a roof in the city, as well as in a door-yard in the country. In all cities, even the largest, there are flowering herbs, shrubs and trees that serve as a partial food supply, and failing there, there is the open country within the working limit of the bee. It must be remembered, though, that a long foraging trip means fewer in number and a proportionately less harvest gathered by the city insect than by her country cousin, which is closer to the supply. The variation is, however, less than might be supposed. The records show that the average yield in an ordinary year is the same for both, but the harvest of 100 to 250 pounds to the colony is, as yet, only reported from the country bee. That bee-keeping can be made profltab'e in the city has been demonstrated in Philadelphia, where a successful apiary has been conducted for several years. The owner is a young man, who, without giving his whole time to the enterprise, has managed, nevertheless, to add a considerable sum to his income by its means. The apiary is on the top of a four-story building in the business part of the town. Like the majority of city buildings the roof is flat, covered with painted tin, and is as hot a place in summer time as one would care to be in. The hives are not shaded at any time during the day and have not even the extra board, (sometimes in use for protection) over the top. The excessive heat is tempered in Philadelphia by a rather constant breeze, so that the discomfort in caring for the apiary is not so great as might be expected. In fact, the owner considers the heat an important factor in making choice marketable honey, for it helps to thicken or ripen the nectar quickly, and the bees cap it before the comb is darkened by their working over it. Clear honey in a white comb com- mands a higher price than the darker varieties, as nearly all know, but many apiarists think the latter really preferable, claiming that honey left long in the hive acquires a fine, rich flavor that is lacking in that taken from the sections as soon as it is capped. The apiary in question comprises 34 colonies, the hives arranged in rows about three feet apart. The owner is in- different as to the kind of hive used, providing it can be packed for winter. He has both the Simplicity and the Dovetailed chaff hives, each of which has its particular merits.but in either case he prefers the 10-frarae size. Both of these hives can be packed around the sides with cork, chaff, or better still, pine needles, and are provided with chaff cushions to put in an upper story under the cover. With this protection, and a reasonable attention to the reports of the Weather Bureau, in order to keep the temperature uniform in the hive, the bees are comfortably wintered on the roof. The honey is removed about once a month, and the yield compares favorably with the average yield of those that are country hived. Around Philadelphia the best honey-flow is in .June, from clover, and lasts only four or five weeks. Later comes that of asclepias, asters and golden-rod. Between times there is not much doing, and sometimes feeding is re- sorted to, to keep the bees in working condition. The best colony in this roof apiary gave last year 72 pounds of comb honey; to this should be added the harvest of 10 pounds each, gathered by two swarms from the mother colony, soj that, strictly speaking, the colony yielded 92 pounds in all. The colonies averaged about 50 pounds each during 1892 and 1893. Much of this honey is kept for family use, while DR. C. C. MILLER, MARENGO, ILL. {Sepfod need from n photoyraph taken, in Neptember, 1894.) the rest finds a ready sale at 15 cents per pound. Supposing it were all sold, there would be a return of .'p255.00 from the 34 colonies, for honey alone. The income from the increase is another item to consider. There is generally a demand for brood-comb of good stock at 75 cents per comb, queens 25 cents to $1.50 apiece, and strong colonies at from ."jo. 00 to .S6.00. In general, colonies may be doubled without affecting the honey crop, and in- numerable queens can be reared if working for extracted honey. As to brood, two frames may be taken from a good working colony without materially weakening it. The minor products of an apiary are wax, vinegar, wine and candied honey, one of the finest sweets known to the confectioner. I 50 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 2i, These are all prepared for market with very little trouble, and find ready sale. The running expense of the apiary is very small. The expenditure of both time and money is certainly at a mini- mum of any business enterprise except that of a banana plan- tation in a tropical country. The latter, however, has a draw- back in the way of finding a profitable consumer at the right moment; while' the honey market for the city apiary is within, let us say, shouting distance ac all times. Nor is the initial expense great. If all goes well, the first year's honey crop will more than repay the capital invested. A novice is advised to be moderate in his ideas and to begin with one or two colonies. The experience gained in handling them is of more importance than book knowledge, and the natural increase of the bees will usually give enough to attend to the first year. After he thoroughly understands their habits and, equally important, the quantity and quality of the nectar supply from the local flora, he can undertake a more extensive apiary with both profit and pleasure. Another thing the beginner must bear in mind is to have on hand from the first a fair supply of good working material. The apiary in question was started in 1888, with one colony of Italian bees, but through an insufficient supply of hives, section-boxes, foundation, etc., the owner lost both time and money in bringing it up to its present good condition. For awhile he kept his stock pure, but, unfortunately, within the last two years, some neighboring bees have made hybrids of all the colonies except one. tSo far as honey-gathering is con- cerned, it does not seem to make any difference, but it inter- feres with the sale of his queens since they are liable to be mismated. In regard to swarming, a little more care is requisite in the city than in the country. In the apiary referred to the owner keeps his queens clipped, and makes a point of being around when a swarm is expected, for if the queen is left long ex- posed on the tin roof, she is liable to die from the heat. For the rest the management of city bees is identical with that of country ones. The local flora must be studied, the time of the honey-flow from the dififerent nectar-bearing species known, and care taken to have worker-bees ready to take ad- vantage of the harvest. BEE-CULTUKE FOE WOMEN. As a business for women bee-culture has advantages that are well worth considering. It is an outdoor employjnent in which she need be engaged only in fine weather. The work can be systematized so there need never be a tax beyond her strength. Except in swarming-time, the work is never urgent, but can lay over a day, if necessary, without detriment. No special talent, or high grade intelligence is necessary; the ordinary fore-thought and prudence that the average woman puts into housekeeping will bring good results, and enable her to at least make a living with 50 colonies. The outlay is rather small and the returns usually almost immediate. In this lat- itude (Philadelphia) from November to April the bees are in winter quarters, and the keeper is free to engage in some other occupation. Mrs. Jennie Atchley, of Texas, may be instanced as a suc- cessful bee-culturist, and Mrs. Lucinda Harrison and Mrs. Sarah Axtell, of Illinois, are well known in the fraternity. The Philadelphia Bee-Keeper's Association numbers among its members several women who have experimental apiaries, both in the city and country. Their reports will be looked for with interest. Philadelphia, Pa. [Dr. Robt. H. Lamborn, of New York City, who is one of our subscribers, kindly sent us the foregoing exceedingly inter- esting contribution. In the letter accompanying the article he says: "I have no doubt that apiculture may be practiced successfully in towns, and that it will furnish a useful occu- pation for women." — Editor.] The American Bee Journal — Other Comments. BY HON. EUGENE SECOR. Geo. W. York, Chicago, 111. Dear Friend ; — Well, you surprised us greatly by your change of dress. I didn't know the American Bee Journal had so many clothes. This is the fourth time it has changed its appearance since I became acquainted with it. It is a sign of prosperity to have a suit made to order before the old one becomes unpresentable. I am glad to think you can afford it — or, what amounts to the same thing, that you think you can't afford not to keep step with the march of Progress. Now that you have discarded the old cover, I dare say to you that I never did just like it. That stake-and-rider fence in tangled growth of weeds and vines, with a straw hive on the outside of the fence, and so far from the house that the bees would need a telephone to notify the folks when ready to swarm, looked a little too antiquated for the World's Fair city. But I didn't have the courage to criticise it, because I thought a new suit out of the question during these hard times. You have not only improved the outside of the American Bee Journal, but the whole make-up. You are using better paper, too. Nov) when you print a man's face his friends may be able to recognize the picture. In proof of this, just look again at the faces of our friends, the Dadants, in No. 1. They almost speak — so full of expression. Those are good pictures — good men, too. (You will pardon this bit of praise when I tell you I'm a Frenchman — i. e., French descent.) I don't see why the American Bee Journal — which has always been the firm and consistent friend of honest bee- culture, the fearless defender of its rights, and the outspoken enemy of fraud and adulteration — should not continue to be in the front rank of apicultural journalism. With an editorial corps composed of two doctors, a Gleaner, a Bee-Master and a live woman — besides the able correspondents who regularly contribute — you need not hesitate to push the claims of the "Old Reliable." Here's my ^W°, and here's my dollar. ABOUT OLD HONET-EXTEAOTOBS. The honey-extractor illustrated on page 2 (Fig. 3), reminds me of the one I made use of for several years in my experience as a bee-keeper. Mine was made almost exactly like that, except that it was all wood but the outside of the reel. The tub was a half barrel. It did good work, too. About the only objection that I had to it was that it took longer to start and stop than a geared machine. That was before the days of the 4-frame reversible. THE FLAT HIVE-COVEE GOOD ENOUGH. I see a great deal is being said lately concerning the Hig- ginsville hive-cover. I hope it is not true that certain manu- facturers are pushing the claims of this cover for the sake of business. I can't for the life of me understand why the flat cover isn't just as good for all practical purposes, especially with an 8-frame hive. In all my experience I have never had a cover blown from a hive, whether made of one board or more. And I don't weigh them down with a 20-pound stone, either. I use a shade-board made of rough lumber, longer and wider than the cover, which keeps the latter from warping to any harmful degree. I don't now remember ever havingoneof these blown off. The Higginsville cover may be all right, and if it is not more expensive than the flat style it is just as well for begin- ners to use it, but I would not advise any one to throw away their old fixtures every time something new comes out. You will need a shaSe-board with that, just the same, so there will be no expense saved on that score. Forest City, Iowa. The Production of Comb Honey. The second of aserieaof articles on this subject. BY EMERSON T. ABBOTT. You cannot get comb honey without bees, neither can you obtain the best quality of it without the right kind of bees, and this is equally true with regard to hives. One can secure just as much comb honey in an old hollow log, perhaps, as he can in the best modern hive, provided he has the log in sections so he can put them on one at a time, but this honey would not be in marketable shape. In other words, it would not be the kind of comb honey the people demand. The hive we want is the one that will cost the least in proportion to its utility; last the longest, and give the most comb honey in the best marketable shape, with the least out- lay of labor, etc. What kind of hive is this? Should it con- tain eight or ten frames? Should the joints be square or bev- eled? Should it be a hive fitted at the corners on the so-called dovetailed plan? or would it be better halved together? Should the bottom be fast or loose? Should it be one story and a half high, or should it be at least three? What kind of a super should it have? And what kind of an arrangement for hold- ing the sections? As to the number of frames which a hive should contain in order to secure the best results in the production of comb honey, I have a decided 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 51 PREFERENCE FOR THE EIGHT-FRAME HIVE. In saying this I know I am going contrary to the opinion of some of our leading bee-keepers. Among them are those sterling, experienced, practical and successful honey-pro- ducers— the Dadants. They are so nearly right always, and I have such a high regard for their opinions, that I join issue with them this time with reluctance. It is true that we are not so far apart as we might be, as they believe in a hive big on the ground, and I believe in one big up in the air. I think, for all practical purposes that a modification of an eight-frame Langstroth hive cannot be improved upon in the production of comb honey. This hive furnishes plenty of room for the queen, enables the bees to conserve the heat to the best ad- vantage, and does away with all of the troi;ble about getting the bees to enter the supers. It also does away with the ne- cessity of contracting the brood-chamber at any time, and this saves the expense of division-boards and other traps for contracting. The fewer loose parts there are about a bee- hive, the better it is for me. Having settled on the size of the hive, or rather of the the brood-chamber, the next question is how it should be made. THREE METHODS OF PUTTING HIVES TOGETHER have prevailed since I began to have any knowledge of api- culture. The corners of the old Simplicity hive were fitted together with a miter .joint, but in the last few years there has been a great rage for the so-called "dovetailed" method of joining the corners. There were some serious objections to the mitered joints of the Simplicity hive, but as but few of them are now in use, it is not worth while to spend the time to name them. I have been led to wonder a great many times why the so-called dovetailed method has had such a run, as there seems to be some serious objections to it. In the first place, it has been wrongly named, for it is not dovetailed at all. If it really had a dovetailed joint, then there might be that much said in its favor, but it has not. A dovetailed joint has a flaring tenon like a bird's tail, and a mortise into which the dovetail fits tightly. When such a joint is once in place it could not pull apart very well if it did not have a nail in it, as may be seen by examining the illustration. A True Dovetailed Joint. The joint used in this hive is, properly speaking, nothing but a mortise and tenon joint, and as such has but little to recommend it. There is a wide difference between this joint, •as anyone can clearly see by referring again to the illustration. I am at a loss to know why it was ever called a dovetailed joint, for that is not the way a dove's tail is made. One of the funny things about it all is that the people who made these hives refer to the projections as "tenons" and never as dove- tails. In my opinion it has nothing about it which renders it superior to the ordinary halved joint, as it adds neither strength nor lightness, and seems to have some objectionable ■features, as suggested above. Tfie "Dovetailed" Hive, First, it is very much harder to set the hives up square, -and one has to be very careful in nailing them, or when he has finished he will find them very much out of shape. Then, •again, if one of the boards shrinks a little more than the other, it will be found hard to make the tenons fit the mortises; and, if driven in, one of the boards is very apt to split. If it does not do so at the time of making them up, the continued pres- sure is apt to cause them to split later on. Then, if not kept well painted, these numerous cracks furnish an excellent op- portunity for the rain to beat in and rot out the^joints in a short time. I fail to see where this joint has a single advan- tage over the halved joint, except in name. Since not a single objection that I have offered can be made against the halved joint, I am at a loss to know why any one should prefer the other. A HALVED JOINT can be put together with very much less trouble, and there is but one crack for water to beat in. Now I want to say before I go any further, that I am not making war on any manufacturer of hives, for they all make the so-called dovetailed hive, and any of them can make a halved joint, if they desire to do so. I am well aware that popular opinion will be against me, but I am also aware that we get into the habit of taking things for granted and of moving along in ruts. We follow fads as the women do fashions. Many times we are held back from expressing an opinion by the idea that we will get a man's ill-will if we offer any objections to his wares, but to indulge this feeling often results in an injury to the indus- try we represent. I may be permitted to say just here that it is my purpose to eliminate the personal idea entirely from my mind while I am writing these articles. It is not persons— aU bee-keepers are my friends— but things that I am to discuss. I wish these were all the objections I had to this hive, but they are not, Mr. Hutchinson says in his book: "Beveled joints, either at the corners of hives or between the stories, are being discarded so rapidly for the plain, square joint that it is almost a waste of space to condemn." This may be all right as to the corners, but I am not so sure of it as to the joints between the parts of the hive. I, for one, could never make up my mind to use a hive with a perfectly square joint between the parts, and there are a great many people scattered through this "wild and woolly West" who are inclined to agree with me. I not only object to the square joints, but THE HOFFMAN FRAMES with their sharp edges and follower are equally as objection- able. Others may be able to content themselves with being forced to pull the frames apart every time they want to take one out, but for me, give me a hive in which the frames hang without touching each other, and out of which any one of them can be taken without first pulling — I say "pulling," ad- visedly— them apart. I do not object to self-spacing frames, or rather to having some kind of a device by which the frames can be accurately spaced, but I do object to the frames touch- ing each other in order to accomplish this. St. Joseph, Mo. (To be continued.) Rearing Brood on Sugar Syrup. BY J. W. SOnTHWOOD. On page 681 (1894), J. E. B. says: "An old bee-keeper here tells me that bees cannot rear brood on sugar syrup, but must have honey to be fed on. Is this true? I have been unable to find anything touching this point in the bee books or papers." The above questien is then answered as follows by Dr. Miller: "I don't know that I can give a categorical answer, only that in hundreds of cases bees have wintered on sugar syrup and commenced breeding in the spring so far as yet heard from, just the same as if they had honey." I think I am safe in saying I can give a positive answer that bees can rear brood on sugar syrup. In August, 1892, a neighbor proposed to give me the bees if I would help him cut a bee-tree he had found on his place — he to have the honey. I accepted, as they were real nice hybrids and a small tree. I transferred the combs containing brood and what other nice, straight comb there was, it being an after- swarm, and had but enough to fill five frames. A few days afterward, another man said he had hived a swarm in a large nail-keg, that the bees had filled it full, and he did not know how to get it out, and said if I would help get the honey out I might have the bees. I did so, and got about 50 pounds of good honey in nice condition, and comb enough to fill six frames. I moved the bees home, and fed each a little, as it was so 52 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 2A, dry they could get nothing. I hoped that we would get rain to bring on the goldeti-rod and asters in September, but it continued getting drier till the tops of the weeds actually dried up. I found there was no other way but to feed, so I began feeding in September and continued, as I wanted to in- crease the number of bees. I fed nothing but sugar syrup — no honey mixed with it — and it was so dry they could get noth- ing of any account, as the other colonies were using up their stores, I found by examination. The two colonies fed on sugar syrup began breeding, and so largely, too, that it took quite an amount of syrup to sup- ply the brood. They wintered well on the summer stands and one was the third to swarm in the spring, and both did well — just as well, as far as I see, as if they had been fed on mixed honey and syrup, or even pure honey. Monument City, Ind. East Teunessee Honey-Resources and People. BY H. P. COLEMAN. I have carefully read the article written by Mr. Adrian Getaz, on the "Honey-Resources of East Tennessee," as pub- lished in the American Bee Journal of Dec. 6, 1894, and can't say now where we are drifting. As is well known, I was brought up in the mountains of East Tennessee, and have heretofore thought that it is one of the most lovely spots, taken as a whole, that is to be found on the face of the globe ; but now that I have learned that a bee-keeper " who would" come here " must be willing to put up with lack of good society, good means of communication, and other refinements of civilized life" — as Mr. Getaz puts it — I find myself asking these questions : Is it possible that all I have thought and said about East Tennessee is a mistake ? Have I only been dreaming, and is my dream, pleasant as it has been, about to vanish ? That "immense quantities of honey could bo obtained" here is no question, for Mr. Getaz says so ; but in this there is no solace. The crazing idea that I have been reared in a country void of good society and the refinements of civilized life is so mortifying that nothing but cowardice, or something else, prevents a suicide in these parts. But, after all, there may be some mistake about this mat- ter. Mr. Getaz may be mistaken : he may know absolutely nothing about the society and civilization of the people of the mountains of East Tennessee ; arid, again, he may be cranky — and I believe he does say something about being a crank — or something. And still again, he may think that by his tremendous denunciation of the mountains of East Tennessee he can deter good people who would come here to engage in bee-culture from so doing, and save to himself the little honey market at Kooxville— the place of his residence. So, taking all things together, I reckon I'll not suicide just now. Andrew Johnson, Landon C. Haynes, Bob Taylor, and other tolerably fair men, lived in the mountains of East Tennessee, and if the society and civilization here were good enough for these men, I don't guess I'll suicide because Mr. Getaz says they are not good enough for a bee-keeper ! It is true that our means of communication are not all that heart could wish. Our mail facilities are about as fol- lows : At Sneedville — the place I call "home" — we have two daily mails and a number of weekly and tri-weekly mails; and other towns in this section have about the same. But of course these are not enough for bee-keepers! But I'll not suicide for that. It is hard for me to think that the society and civilization of this country are such that bee-keepers could not locate in it, but Mr. Getaz has said it of the mountains of East Tennessee, and not only said it, but spread it out before the bee-keepers of the civilized world. I don't believe he knows what he has said, and especially of loliat he has said, and I want to make a wager with him. I want to bet him a fig that there are more than a dozen counties in the mountains of East Tennessee that he was never in in his life, and that he knows nothing about the society and morals of the citizens of these counties. And I'll bet him another fig that there is as much intelligence and refinement to the number of inhabitants in any of the mountain counties in East Tennessee, as in Knox county — the county of his residence. Sneedville, Tenn. [Surely, Mr. Getaz has been misunderstood, or he did not say what he intended to say in the article which Mr. Coleman, and Mr. Webb (on another page), undertake to correct. I presume he referred to the society, civilization, etc., one would find in the canyons, such as are occupied by bee-keepers in California and other mountainous States, which are not usually favored with the refining influence of true womanhood in the home, and many other requisites of a civilized society. But I'm not going to give Mr. Getaz's explanation — he is of age, let him speak for himself. — Editok.] Great Willow-Herb — Wintering Bees. BY R. H. BALLINGER. I send with this a letter from Mr. Frank Benton, of the Department of Agriculture at Washington, D. C, which is ex- planatory except the idea that I have mistaken this plant for Apocynum caimuhinum, or Indian hemp. The facts are that the Indians from Neah Bay to Alaska have for years made threads and fish-nets from the EpUobium aiujusUfolium. Judge Swan, of this city, sent to the Smithsonian Institute a. fish-net made from this material by the Indians on Queen Charlotte's Island. The fibre is very strong and durable, and as a honey-plant it has few superiors. The past season I discovered another valuable honey-plant growing wild in western Washington. (I mail you a few of the seeds.) I believe it is called Spireren, or sweet meadow- herb. It is a superior honey-plant also, yet for fall work I give the blue ribbon to sweet clover. I have it in bloom now 11 feet high (Oct. 30), flowers in abundance, and I counted to-day over 100 bees on it from two colonies. WINTEKING BEES IN WASHINGTON. The better way to winter bees in this climate (we never have ice an inch thick, some winters none at all) is on the summer stands. I usually put a box over to keep away rain and dampness, leaving a small space for front entrance and egress. I have had fair success without any covering, and some losses, too, for want of it. Bees are such sticklers for home — their own " sweet home " — that much care is required and considerable damage occasioned by removals from their homes. When the home instinct is destroyed, the poor bee- wanders from place to place, sometimes chilled, lost or killed by entering the wrong colony. Port Townsend, Wash. [The following is the letter referred to in the first para- graph of Mr. Ballinger's article : — Editor.] Mr. R. H. Ballingeb, Port Townsend, Wash. Dear Sir : — I have your letter, with samples of "Wash- ington flax," and have referred the matter to my chief, Mr. L. 0. Howard, who directs me to reply. The plant mentioned is familiar to me, as it grows very commonly from North Carolina northward throughout the United States. It is known to hola.n\sts as Epilobluia angus- tifoUum, or Great Willow herb, and is a great honey-produc- ing plant. You will flnd it figured in " Langstroth on the Honey-Bee," page 394, under the name EpUobium spicatum. E. anrjustifolium is the European name, and E. sj^icatum is the American name. The botanist of this department informs me that he is of the opinion that the two plants are identical. You will also find an excellent illustration of it on page 288, Vol. I, of "Bees and Bee-Keeping," by Frank Cheshire. I wonder if you have not mistaken this for the plant from which Indians are known to make cord, and which is known as Apocynu-m cannabinum, or Indian hemp. I am very much obliged to you for the specimens, as well as seed. Yours very truly, Frank Benton, Assistant Entomologist. An Interesting and Profitable Experience. RY E. H. STDRTEVANT. I don't see how any bee-keeper can get along without the American Bee Journal,"on account of the company it is to him. I have got to so depend upon it that I count each day until Friday comes. I do not think it ever once missed to be on time. The post-master turned up his nose because I made such a fuss about its being once mislaid, and I felt like punch- ing that nose (carefully). Well, that day I had 238 hives full of extracting-combs, all dripping with honey, and the bees trying to get in, and some did, and made bad work tear- ing the combs to pieces. What to do I did not know, for it was getting late in the fall, and it seemed impossible to get them cleaned up. I had so much to do — had extracted 4,500 pounds, and taken off 3,000 of section honey, and had 4,000 of stores to take care of, with lots of cracks for the bees to- 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 53 get in and raise particular h hard times, or free trade, or wliat some call " the blessings of a free country." Well, the bees got filled so heavy they could not fly, and ■were about one inch deep on the floor, and as my suspender buttons got lost off behind, I stepped into the bee-roora to put some wire nails in place of the buttons (I am a single man), and the whole inch of bees marched up my stocking leg and commenced getting off on my calf, and on the leg of the pants. You can imagine about how I felt when I went down to the post-ofJice after the mail, and to have the post-master tell me the Bee Journal had not come, when I 'knew the others got theirs in the forenoon. I did not swear, but said to him, " I never in two years had the Bee Journal fail to be in the box on Friday with a, former post-master ! ' Then his nose went up, and then was the time I felt so ugly, for I saw my Bee Jour- nal lying on the distributing tabic. I called him to get it, and he said something about a great fuss and little thing, and I something about his nose — but I was really thinking about concentrated food for an enormous growth in calves, and so I ■went home and used the boracic acid freely. What? You're right, it is good ! Worth the price of two bee-papers. Well, when I got a little easy I went to looking over the Bee Journal, and what do you think I struck first? Why, that short oit to clean up extracting-combs, and I with 238 hives, or over 2,000 combs, all dripping and souring, and the tiees robbing, and I unable to do the work of putting them on the hives to clean up without a great deal of trouble in many directions. So I spread the combs to seven in a hive, put out 60 of them 50 feet from the yard, as quickly as I could, and then I saw the show ! By 4 o'clock every bee had left. I put in the 60, and prepared the 178, and put them out the next ■day, and they were cleaned up at half past 4 o'clock, and I vpas a happy man. So much for the Bee Journal. The bees seemed to understand perfectly well what I was doing; took the protection to their industries with great kind- ness, which was a new revelation to me. But I did not have to change politics, as some other voters did along about those days. I gave that copy of the Bee Journal away as a sample copy, and have forgotten who wrote the article. But I esti- mate it was worth to me more than one week's wages at .S2.00 per day, in time saved, besides, never a bee offered to rob after that, nor to sting, and they all began to breed up, and but few threw out dead brood three weeks after. (I noticed only one hive.) I extracted all unfinished sections, have 4.000 pounds of nice white extracted honey, and IJ.j tons of nice section honey, over half of it the very finest I have ever seen in this region. Good judges call this the best honey-field in the State. I had, spring count, 108 colonies — packed 125 in chaff, and put 28 into the cellar, making 103 in all, aud well sup- plied. The white clover is thick, aud like velvet, and 8 inches of snow to-day (Dec. 10). St. Ann, N. Y. ^ plenty of linden, tulip trees, sourwoods and wild flowers are yet to be found, but one who goes there must be willing to put up with lack of good society, good means of communication, and other refinements of civilized life. Now, friends, what do you think or that article? Does it describe the mountains of East Tennessee or the honey-resources? Does it not cast a slur on the good citizens, and bee-keepers, also? It implies that we are not civilized. I might ask Mr. H. F. Coleman, of Hancock county. Are your people civilized over there? He would say, "Yes, sir." Have you got good schools, good churches, and good society? He would say, "Yes, sir." The same might be asked Mr. A.C.Babb, of Greene county, and his answer would be the same; and Sam Wilson, of Cocke county, would say "Yes, sir." I affirm that we have as good citizens and as good society as can be found at Knoxville; and we as mountain people have as good a place for producing honey as can be found in Tennessee, and far better than Mr. Getaz says his is. We produce pure honey from the blossoms, and not honey- dew. Sutton, Tenn. Report of the Northern Illinois Convention. BY B. KENNEDT. The Northern Illinois Bee-Keepers' Association met in Rockford, Dec. 18 add 19, 1894. There was a very fair at- tendance, the members reporting about 900 colonies and 20,000 pounds of honey for 1894. Mr. C. H. Stordock, of Durand, reported the largest yield, being about 97 pounds per colony, spring count. Dr. C. C. Miller was present, which always insures a good meeting. The following questions were discussed : PUTTING BEES OUT IN THE SPBING. Is it best to put the colonies on the old stands when tak- ing out of cellar ? Most thought it best if possible, though some did not do it. CONA'INCING EXTRACTED-HONEY CUSTOMERS. How can we convince customers that our extracted honey is pure? Have the honey well ripened, build up a good repu- tation for honesty, and explain to customers the kind of flowers it is gathered from. Several samples of extracted honey were shown, two being from Colorado. BIGHT OK TEN FRAME HIVES ? Honey-Resources and People of East Tennessee BY WM. WEBB. I find in the American Bee Journal fvir Dec. 6, 1894, a description of the "Honey-Resources of East Tennessee," which I claim is correct only in part; and I am very able to make my statements good, by bee-men of from 15 to 40 years' •experience. It is said in the article referred to, that in the latter part of May and in June we have honey-dew in abundance or not at all, and that this in good seasons is the main source of our sur- plus. Now I will say that at that time of the year is our main honey-flow, which comes from the poplar, the holly, the tiack gum, the linden, the locust, the chestnut and other trees and shrubs too numerous to mention. This explanation may do for Knox county and the vicinity of the city of Knoxville, but who of the readers of the Bee Journal would want to eat the filthy stuff that the writer of the article I mention says is "the main source of surplus" of East Tennessee? I admit that we have some honey-dew, but it is not my hope for a surplus; if it was, and that was my chance except sonrwood, I would now quit bee-keeping. But it is not, and I am thank- ful for it, for we can produce as nice white honey in this moun- tainous part of East Tennessee as can be produced anywhere; but it takes attention to do so, on account of the dark yield- ing trees and the white yielders blooming so close, nearly at the same time. The sourwood blooms in July, after all the rest is over, and all bee-men that have seen sourwood honey know that is white. The writer of the article I refer to, says that immense quantities of honey could be obtained in the mountains, where Is the 8, or 10, frame Langstroth hive the best ? halt use the 8, and the balance the 10 frame hive. About SOME ESSENTIALS IN BEE-CDLTURE. What is the most pressing want of bee-keepers to-day ? Dr. Miller said " money." What is the greatest essential to successful honey-produc- tion ? Strong colonies and plenty of flowers. SUPERSEDING QUEENS— SECTION FOUNDATION. Is it advisable to supersede queens, or let the bees do it ? Most of the members thought it best to let the bees attend to it, and let the bee-keeper watch them, and to supersede when the beos do not attend to it. Which is better, thin or extra-thin foundation for sec- tions? Thin. How many use full sheets of foundation in sections? Only one — Dr. Miller uses full sheets. WIRING BROOD FRAMES— SECTION-HOLDERS. How many wire brood-frames ? And is it best? H. W. Lee thought it was not necessary, while others thought that it was. What is the best section-holder ? Dr. Miller thought the T super with a follower and wedge the best. DAMPENING SECTIONS FOR FOLDING. What is the best method of dampening sections when they break in putting together? Some put them into the cellar a day or two before using. Dr. Miller uses a teakettle about half full of water, and takes a bunch of 500 sections and pours the water in the V groove, doing the whole in a minute or two. FEEDING BACK DARK HONEY— CONTRACTION. If you have a quantity of dark honey, is it a good plan to feed it back ? If so, when ? Yes, in the spring, but not in the fall. Do you practice contraction of the brood-nest 7 If so, 54 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 24, others had done so, but do not when? Only one practices it j now, as they do not like it. THE BEGINNER — HONEY-PLANTS. What would you advise a man to do first, who has decided to go into the bee-business ? Look up a good location. The subject of honey-plants was discussed. Alsike clover was thought profitable for honey, and also for hay. Sweet clover was considered very good for honey. DIVISION-BOARD — FOUNDATION FASTENER. Where a division-board is used in the hive, will the bees work as well in the sections over an open space ? Not so well. What is the best method of fastening foundation in sec- tions? Some liked the Parker foundation fastener. Dr. Miller prefers the " Daisy." HIVING SWARMS— SPRAYING FRUIT. Is it best to put the new swarm on the old stand ? Some thought it was. Dr. Miller thought a good plan was to put the new swarm on the old stand, and leave the old one beside It for about five days, then remove to new location. An essay on spraying fruit, and its connection with bee- keeping, was read by Mr. A. J. Sweezey, of Guilford. A gen- eral discussion followed, in which it was reported that several fruit-men had sprayed while in bloom, and killed the bees. One case was given about a man in Ogle county, who sprayed his plum trees while in bloom, and killed 80 colonies of bees. It seems that a good many do not know the time to spray — that it is after the blossoms have fallen. New Milford, 111. B. Kennedy, Sec. CONDUCTED BY £>R. C. C. miLLER, AIAREIfGO, ILl^. [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct.] Spreading Brood in the Spring. Would you advise spreading the brood in the spring, to increase brood-rearing, if it is done cautiously, in a locality where they have to " hustle," to be up to the standard in time for the honey-flow ? Answer. — I'm afraid about how "cautiously" you'd do it. I certainly wouldn't do it if the queen kept as many cells filled as the bees could fully cover. Snow in Front of the Hives. Is it necessary to keep the snow away from the front of the hives during winter, to keep the bees from smothering ? Or will it do no'harm if left there? W. E. H. Fairfield, Pa. Answer. — A little snow will do no harm, so long as it re- mains loose and open, but if it thaws, packs, and freezes, then it may prevent the bees getting the air they need. A hive may be buried ten feet deep in snow without any danger of smothering, for the snow will melt away around the hive, leaving an open space ; but if the hive remains too long buried • — perhaps more than a week or two — then it works mischief, for the bees get warm, uneasy, commence breeding, and are in bad condition by spring. It's a safe plan to keep snow cleaied away from the entrance. •♦Busty" Combs- -Sowing Buckwheat- nies in One Place ? -How Slany Colo- 1. About the middle of November I took surplus honey off of my hives, and examined the bees slightly, as it was too cool to disturb them any more than I was obliged to do. Four out of five of the brood-combs were covered with a kind of red moth or dust — something like rust on wheat or oats, only not so red, butmoro flesh color or purple. I thought that it had a bad smell, but probably it was my imagination. On one hive the surplus honey had some on, too. I could blow some of it off, but not nearly all of it. The honey tastes all right. The four colonies affected this way did not gather much honey until fall. Do you know what is the matter with them ? And what must I do with them if they are not right ? 2. I have two acres of rented land, about one-half of it being too wet for early planting of anything. It is only about 30 rods from my apiary. Would you advise me to sow buckwheat on all that is dry enough in the spring? (By the time it would ripen, the other land would do to cultivate.) Harvest the first (if there were anything to harvest), and then sow all of the two acres to it ? The land is a corner by itself, and wet. 3. About how many colonies would you want to keep in this locality ? There are no forests in sight, some willows, long branches and ditches, and not much waste land. Of course we have pastures, lanes and fence-corners for them to work on. J. E. S. State Line, Ind, Answers. — 1. I cannot tell anything about it. Can any of our readers help us out ? 2. I have some doubt whether you would gain anything by sowing in spring. Plants have their proper season for blooming, and you can't crowd them much out of their regular course. Besides, if you should get buckwheat to bloom during the Pow of white honey, the white honey might be damaged more than all you would gain. 3. That's a tough question. Much depends upon the number of bees kept within a radius of two or three miles. If such bees are not plenty, it's possible lUO colonies might do well for you, but likely 75 would do better. Drones from a Mismated Queen. Are the drones of a mismated queen pure ? J. S. W. Answer. — Some say yes, some say no. I doubt if you or I could tell any difference, and for all practical purposes I should be satisfied with such drones, if indeed there is any difference at all. Colonies of Pretty Good Strength in Spring. I wish to try some bees, and want to know what is the number of frames bees should be between to be considered strong and in good condition after coming through the winter ? Berryville, Va. J. R. C. L. Answer. — If you find bees clustered in four or five of the spaces between the frames, they are of pretty good strength. Frames of Honey, or Syrup and Extracted Honey, for Stimulative Feeding. Will feeding frames of honey give as good results for stimulative purposes as sugar syrup or extracted honey fed from a feeder ? Nebraska. Answer. — There is some difference of opinion. I have been somewhat inclined to the opinion that when there was plenty of honey in the hives the queens were always likely to- keep as large a brood-nest supplied as the bees could cover. Still, some think it makes a difference whether honey is com- ing into the hive, and there may be something in it. A frame of honey would not seem as much like stores coming in from the field as would stores given in a feeder. But if you will scratch some of the cappings, then it will have all the advan- tages of the feeder. Weak Colonies Destroyed by Moth-'Worms. I have lost several colonies of bees by moth-worms, and it seems that as soon as they get in there is no hopes. They tear the combs and eat the bees. The larva is in a cocoon, and sticks to the wood, cutting grooves in it, sometimes cut- ting holes through the top-bars ; it is sometimes a mass of cocoons between the top-bars and division-board, making it hard to get the latter off. How will I keep the moth-millers out, and avoid losing the colony ? W. R. W. Bellevue, Del. Answer. — If I were on a tree, high enough so I knew you couldn't reach me with a stone, I'd say I don't believe the millers ever destroyed a colony for you. I've had hives con- taining just such things as you tell about, but the fault didn't lie with the millers in the hive, but with the two-legged Miller 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 55 outside. A colony becomes queenless, or weak in some way, gets discouraged, and then the wax-moth comes in, and only hurries up things a little in a colony that would go to the dogs anyhow. That being the case, the thing to do is to keep colonies strong by seeing that they never become queenless. If a colony by any means becomes very weak, examination will generally show that it is queenless, or perhaps, worse still, that it has a bad queen, or a lot of laying workers. Very often the best thing is to break it up, giving bees and combs to other colonies. Sometimes, however, you may have a colony that seems to be so lacking in ambition that they will allow the worms to get the start of them, and in that case you would better change their queen for one of better stock. Italians are much better than blacks for keeping worms cleared out. Basswood Sprouts from Old Stutaps. If I cut basswood sprouts from the side of old stumps (where they have started out), and set them out, will they live and grow ? Or will I have to dig those from the ground, which have roots ? Michigan. Answer. — I have some little trees that were started by cutting sprouts away from the stumps, but as I didn't do the work myself, I'm not sure how much root was with them. I think, however, that no great amount of root is needed. If there is but little root, cut away the top to correspond, for a great bushy top makes too heavy a draft on a small amount of root, and both may die. Questions About Alsike Clover. 1. If I seed a certain piece of land to Alsike clover, year after year, will the last crop be as good as the tirst, provided the season is the same? 2. Does Alsike clover benefit land any? Michigan. Answers. — 1. Not unless you add something to the soil to make up for what is taken from it. 2. All the clovers draw material from the air, and in that way are beneficial ; besides, the roots loosen up the ground, especially with such strong growing kinds as sweet clover, which, when the roots decay, leave the ground full of little canals running downward. Planting Basswood in Nebraska. There are no basswood trees in this part of the country. Do you think they would grow here if planted ? Would you advise me to get i to 8 inch trees, or some that are 4 to 6 feet high? J. C. K. Glenwood, Nebr. Answer. — I think basswood trees will grow in any part of Nebraska where other trees will grow, and I certainly should give them a fair trial. As to size, if I were setting out an apple orchard, I would prefer trees three feet high to those ten feet high, at the same price. Simply because with the smaller trees I would be more likely to get roots proportioned to the size of the tree. I have been told that the same rule does not hold with basswoods, that large trees do as well or better than small ones. Perhaps they do, if special pains be taken to preserve all the roots. But the matter of price would cut some figure in the case. The larger trees will cost much more, and the transportation charges will be very much less on little trees. So you see you must take all these things into consideration. On the whole, I think you may run less risk not to have very large trees. Catfzidmr) Bccdott}^ Conducted by "BEE-MASTER." Introduction of the Movable-Frame Hive Into Canada. In his excellent essay on "Bee-Keeping in Canada," con- tributed by Mr. McKnight to the last meeting of the North American Bee-Keepers' Association, and published in the American Bee Journal of Dec. 20, 1894:, the following para- graph occurs: "When the movable-frame first came into use in Canada I am unable to say; nor do I know who introduced it. Both it and the extractor were known of and their advantages un- derstood, some years before either came into general use. D. A. Jones was among the first to extensively employ them and was unquestionably the tirst to demonstrate the honey-pro- ducing capabilities of this country. In 1879 he placed on exhibition, at the Toronto Industrial Fair, 10 tons of honey, the product of his own apiary." I can state a few particulars of interest in regard to the early history of the movable-frame hive in Canada, though I am unable to say when it first came into use, nor who in- troduced it. But in the Canada Farmer of April 15, 1864, an illustrated article appeared under the heading, "A Good Bee-Hive." Shortly after the appearance of this article, I had an opportunity of seeing the hive in actual use on the premises of the late James Lesslie, Esq., of Egliiiton, near Toronto. This hive was made by Mr. P. A. Scott, an ingeni- ous mechanic living in Yorkville, then a suburb of Toronto, but now part of the city. I think Mr. Lesslie furnished the patterns for it from an English book on bee-keeping. It stood on a frame-work a foot and a half or so above the ground, with an interior compartment of glass, and an outer case of wood, having a lid hinged from behind. It was not adapted to the climate of Canada, being too unwieldy to be carried into the cellar, and not sutBciently protected for out-door winter- ing. Besides these objections, it was too costly for common use. The following fall, Messrs. J. H. Thomas (fe Bros, exhib- ted their "Movable-Comb Observing Bee-Hive" at the Pro- vincial Exhibition. It was a much more practical hive than Mr. Scott's, and had many excellent features. The movable-frame idea was copied from the Langstroth hive, but it was much deeper than the Lang- stroth, and was constructed on the principle of allowing the bees to carry their stores from the entrance and at the same time form a natural cluster without coming into contact with the bottom-board. The comb-frame bearings were bev- elled to a sharp edge to prevent the bees from glueing the frames fast. The flat ends of the frames projected about an inch beyond the sharp bevelled edges, enabling the bee- keepers to get a hold of them without interfering with the bees. Outside the ends of the frames there were revolv- ing bands pivoted on cleats outside the hive, which facilitated the removal of the frames, and served as upper alighting- boards, giving the bees a short route to the honey-boxes during the storing season. There was also a swinging and adjustable bottom-board pivoted on screws at the front of the hive, enabling dead bees to be cleaned out in spring without taking out the frames. This was the first movable-frame hive I used, and on adopting it in the spring of 1865, I soon transferred all my box-hive colonies into it, and found great satisfaction in its use as compared with the box-hive. Mr. J. H. Thomas, the inventor of this hive, was a thorough bee-keeper, and did much to promote the pursuit in Canadian beedom before D. A. Jones had begun to keep bees at all. His brother, H. M., was an enthusiast in regard to Alsike clover, and did much to disseminate its culture as a honey-producing plant, both in Canada and the United States. Both the Messrs. Thomas re- moved ultimately to the United States, J. H. became a mag- netic doctor, settled in Rochester, N. Y., and was present at the North American Bee-Keepers' convention in Rochester, some years ago, where I last met him. I do not know in what part of the Union H. M. settled, but perhaps he will report himself among other "lost sheep" referred to in the last number of the American Bee Journal. Shortly after the introduction of the Thomas hive, Mr. S. H. Mitchell, of St. Mary's, Out., produced a hive, with frames on the Langstroth principle but deeper even than the Thomas hive, and V-shaped at the bottom, to cause bees that died during the winter to fall entirely outside the hive, so as not to befoul the interior. Mr. Mitchell's hive was used by many western Ontario bee-keepers. I fancy the Jones hive was the next to become widely used in Canada. At the present time a great variety of hives is here. Though the Langstroth hive, as to dimensions, is the standard in the United States, I think it can hardly be re- garded as the standard in Canada, for hives varying in depth from the Heddon to the Jones, which, I think, is the deepest now in use, may be found in the apiaries of Canadian bee- dom. 56 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 2i, PUBLISHED WEEKLY BV GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, &G Flttlx Avenue, - CHICAGO, ILL. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. [Entered at the Post-OfBce at Chicago aa Second-Class Mall-Matter.] EDITOR. Assisted by the following Department Editors : Dr. C. C. Millek - - - "Questions and Answers." Mrs. Jennie Atchlet - - - '-The Sunny Southland." "Gleaner" .... "Among the Bee-Papers." "Bee-Master" "Canadian Beedom." Dr. p. L. Peiro - . . . . ^^ Doctor's Hints." Yol. niV. CHICA&O, ILL,, JAN. 24, 1895. No. 4. Editorial Con)n)ct)i^^ A Beautiful Ka1>y Crirl came to the home of the editor of the American Bee Journal last Friday evening— Jan. 18; but it staid only a few hours. Of course there are sorrowing hearts, for its mother and t had hoped so much that when the baby came it might stay with us, and be a great joy and blessing to our home. But, although 'twas hard to give up, we bow submissively to the ■will of Him " who giveth, and who taketh away." Mrs. York is doing fully as well as could be expected under the circumstances, I am thankful to be able to say. Fiillioi- ■.ang'!y " GLEA.KER." DISCUSSION ON THE FIVE-BANDED BEES. The Progressive Bee-Keeper for January is mainly devoted to the discussion of the golden or five-banded bees. S. E. Miller says that after having the yellow bees predominate in numbers, he finds they fall behind leathered-colored bees as gatherers. E. T. Flanagan thinks the furore for five bands is passing away; that nothing can compete with three-banders for ex- tracted honey, but they don't cap comb honey white enough. J. D. Givens likes the goldens; "store just as much honey as any others, and are the best comb-builders I have." W. Z. Hutchinson says: "I believe that, as a rule, the dark, leather-colored bees are the better, but I also believe that the brighter colored bees may be just as good workers as their darker sisters," and "that there are some strains of this variety that cannot be excelled by the dark Italians." lias had yellow bees from various sources, all good-natured except one colony, and that was very crosss. G. M. Doolittle gives au interesting account of the origin of his strain of yellow bees, and refutes the idea that Cyprian blood had anything to do with it, by saying that in 1880 he had "good four-banded worker-bees, drones having the abdo- men fully one-half yellow, and queens entirely yellow to the tip," and that was a year before any Cyprians were in this country. By careful selection he has developed a strain of best working qualities, nearly all yellow. He says, "these yellow bees outstripped anything in the way of imported or hybrid bees I had during the past year, 1894, and gave comb honey of the most snowy whiteness I find them very vari- able as to temper, some of them being nearly as harmless as flies, while some colonies are quite resentful when opening their hives after they have become well supplied with honey I have not found them as good winterers when left on the summer stands, as are some of the darker strains from imported stock, or hybrids, but with cellar-wintering, which the most of us here at the North adopt, I see very little if any difference in favor of either." E. W. Moore says: "I have only one good point in favor of the five-banded bees, and that is, if you can pull them through the winter, they build up as fast as the three-banded, and are far ahead of the black bee in brood and bees by clover harvest; but just as soon as honey begins to come in freely, they seem to lose all their former activity." J. W. Rouse says that in the very poor season of 1894, "I had several colonies that made a surplus and this surplus all came from my best-marked five-banded bees. Two seasons ago, some of my best-marked five-banded bees gave 40 pounds of surplus, where I did not get a pound from my three-banded bees. As to gentleness, I have some five-banded bees now in my yard that I can open their hives and blow on them, and it only makes them stir a little." DBONES FROM LAYING WORKEBS AND UNFECDNDATED QUEENS. Willie Atchley reports in Gleanings an experiment to decide as to the value of dronesfrom workers and unfecundated queens. Queens to be mated were put on the prairie five miles away from other bees, the only drones present being from laying workers. He says: "Our experiment queens would mate and lay as well as any queens, so far as we could see, in worker-cells, and nearly all the eggs would produce drones." This conflicts with the views expressed by good author- ities. If, however, a sufficient number of actual experiments so decide, old theories must be set aside for those established by actual practice. But should it be fully established that the drones of laying workers are worthless, that by no means proves that drones of unfecundated queens are worthless. ELECTROPOI8E AND THE WATEK-FINDING SWITCH. A. I. Root Started a crusade against Electropoise, and was for sometime alone in it, as respectable papers advertised it with testimonials from ministers and others. Now he's swinging his hat because the scientific journal, Electricity, comes out strongly in opposing Electropoise as a humbug of the basest kind, selling for $25 a worthless thing that costs 42 cents. A. I. also give fits to the divining rod, or switch, for find- ing water. BEE-KEEPING IN SWEDEN. The Canadian Bee Journal has a letter from Johan Pors- sell, secretary Bee-Associatiou, Sweden, in which he says his apiary is situated in 595-^3 north latitude. Bee-keeping is general up to 62^, and occasional bee-keepers are found np to the polar circle. "In spite of the northern situation, the long winters and very cold temperature, the bees here winter on their summer stands." Might be a good plan for those who have trouble wintering, to try some of the Swedish stock. More Kind Testimonials. — Since the last issue I have received quite a number expressions of appreciation of the Ameri- can Bee Journal, among them the following: The sterling publication, the old American Bee Journal, comes out for 1895 in a brand new dress, and enlarged to twice its former dimensions. It enters on its 35th volume, and is the oldest bee- paper in America — being established " befoh de wah." and that was a long time ago. — The Daily Press, Riverside, Calif. The staunchest prohibition newspaper in all the West — The Lever, published here in Chicago — said this on its farm page: The American Bee Journal, of this city, makes a New Year's bow in a new form and pretty dress. It is a great improvement over the old antiquated form. The paper should be a weekly visitor in every bee-keeper's home. Patronize Otir Advertisers. — I wish that readers of the American Bee Journal would, whenever possible, patronize those who advertise in its columns. Also remember, when writing to an advertiser, to say you saw the advertisement in the Bee Journal. This will greatly help us and those who patronize the advertising columns of the Bee Journal. It is earnestly endeavored to admit only responsible firms, as the publishers of the Bee Jour- nal will not knowingly encourage frauds or swindlers. 58 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 24, CONDUCTED BY JURS. JENNIE ATCHLBY, BEEVILLE, TEX. Report of the South Texas Bee-Convention. The South Texas bee-keepers met at the apiary of Mrs. Jennie Atchley, in Beeville, Tex., on Dec. 27 and 28, 1894. As the bee-keepers were late in gathering on the first day, the meeting was not called to order until 1 p.m., and as we had the worst weather on the two days of our meeting that we have had this winter, we could not hold the meeting out- of-doors, as was announced, but as Mrs. Atchley is always alive to the interest of bee-keepers, she was not long in having her factory put in order for the occasion, and seats and ac- commodations made for all. The meeting was called to order by Mrs. Atchley.and she made a short speech as follows : ADDRESS BY MRS. ATCHLKT. Dear Friends, Brother and Sister Bee-Keepers : It is with the greatest of pleasure that I greet you this afternoon, and it makes me feel happy to see so many smiling bee-keepers here, and especially those from distant States. It is with the view of building up the bee-keeping interest of southwest Texas that I have called this meeting, and now that you have come, I wish you all to know that I am very glad in- deed to meet you. I wish you one and all to make, and feel, yourselves at home while here. My house, factory and apiary, also the whole premises, are at your command ; everything is free to you — look at everything on the place. I now take the greatest of pleasure in introducing to you Eev. W. K. Marshall, D. D., of Marshall, Tex. He is the " king-bee " of our great State, having brought the first Ital- ian queen to Texas more than 40 years ago, and is the oldest bee-keeper in this State, now in his 86th year. I have ap- pointed him to preside over this meeting, as he is the Presi- dent of the Texas State Bee- Keepers' Association. I also take great pleasure in introaucing to you Mr. W. R. Graham, of Greenville, Tex. He is the Vice-President of the State Association, and is known as the "comb honey man of Texas." If there is anything that you want, please let some of our family know it, and we will see that you get it, if possible. You see those books over there, they are bee-papers, and sent here for you to take home with you ; they are free — take some home with you to give to your bee-keeping neighbors. The nearest pile is the American Bee Journal, and the other is Gleanings in Bee-Culture. The first I will take your sub- scription for, and give you free a 50-cent bee-book as a pre- mium ; it is a weekly journal, and all for the small sum of $1.00 per year. Gleanings is a semi-monthly, also .SI. 00 per year. I also have the " A B C of Bee-Culture," published by A. I. Root, one of the best apiarists in the world, and this book gives bee-keeping from the start clear through to successful management of an apiary of 100 or more colonies. I think these books and papers will be all the bee-literature you will need to make bee-keeping asuccess. The " A B C " is SI. 25. You will please excuse me for taking your time talking of bee-books, etc., as this meeting was called principally for be- ginners, and some are hero from a distance who wish to know what kind of bee-literature to get, and where to get it. Now, as I must see that you get something to eat while you are here, I wish to be excused, that I may look after the kitchen. Again, I wish to express my gratitude in meeting so many pleasant faces. Jennie Atchley. A song was then sung, and music on the organ by Miss Hettie Thetford. At the close of the song, " What a Friend We Have in Jesus," all arose while prayer was offered by Dr. Marshall. Then the names of some 80 bee-keepers were en- rolled. Dr. W. K. Marshall then delivered an address as follows : ADDRESS DELIVERED BY DR. MARSHALL. I am glad to see so many ladies present. I am told that bees won't sting them. Bee-keeping is an industry that is adapted to ladies. I have often told at our bee-meetings how I first began bee-keeping, and as the majority here never heard it, I will repeat the story that you may see or learn how superstitious people used to be about bees. People in those days thought it was bad luck to sell bees; this I found out when I went one day to one of my best friends to buy two colonies. Said he: "I cannot sell my bees, it is bad luck, and I would soon lose all I have, and then I would be out of bees and honey." I said to him that I must have some bees some way, and asked him how I should get them. He said to me: " I will tell you how to do. The next time it turns a little cool, you go to my house and get two colonies of bees, and leave a. S5. 00 gold piece on the bench where you get the bees, and that wilt be all right." Well, that was enough for me, so it was not long before I went over, and on my way I met my friend, and he wanted to know where I was going, and I told him I was going out to steal some bees. He motioned to me to go ahead. On my ar- rival where the bees were, I slipped cautiously around so that I thought no one would see me. I had told my friend that I did not believe in stealing, and that I had been taught that it was wrong to steal. He said it was not wrong to steal bees, and I must confess that I did not feel much as if I was stealing, but I selected my bees and slipped away as quietly as I could well do, and left the money on the bench. Quite awhile after that I met my friend again, and I was anxious to know what had become of the money, and my friend asked me if I saw any one while I was stealing the bees, and I told him that I saw a woman. "Well," said he, "I'll bet you that woman got that money." I was satisfied after that. I will tell you of my first Italian queen, which was more than 40 years ago, and she cost me .S24. After I got her I did not know how to introduce her, as I had nothing but box- hives. Right here I wish to tell you how nearly I came to in- venting a movable frame, and after I saw that Langstroth had succeeded in making the movable combs, I was astonished that I had been such a fool, as I had top-bars, and never thought of going any further. You see I had my bees, or the combs, so that I could take them out of the hives by taking a knife and cutting down the sides of the hives. Well, I will now come back to introducing my queen. I cut out tlie combs, and carried them by the top-bars away out from the bee-yard, and shook the bees all off the combs, and they all flew back to the hive, or all the old ones did, and the queen did not go, as she was in full laying condition and could not fly very well, and, as most of the old bees went back home I had a pretty good swarm, and I set the combs back, and in a day or two I turned the queen loose, and she flew away. Oh, how sad I was to see my S24 fly off like a bird ; but soon she came back and went into the hive, and I tell you that I was proud indeed. In due time the bees began to hatch out, and I called to Mrs. Marshall to come and see my beautiful bees ; but she seemed not to be as much interested in them as I was, and did not give me much encouragement. I wrote to Judge Andrews, of McKinney, that I had an Italian queen, and that her bees were hatching out, and he rode 140 miles on horseback to see my queen. I am now satisfied that my first Italian queen was not a pure one, but she was a good queen, and I prized her highly because she cost me high. In conclusion I want to tell you how I beat a bee-man at his own game at the Dallas Fair in October, 1893. I do this to try to interest you while the committee is getting the ques- tion list ready. Well, W. R. Graham sent me a fine colony of bees as a present, and I thought I would take it to the Fair and see if I could not take a premium, and Mr. Graham took a colony of bees, too, and we of course were competitors. We happened to get a good setof judges — Mrs Jennie Atchley, J. D. Givens, and A. G. Branshaw — and they all were " up " with the mark- ing of bees and queens, and they decided at once that my queen, also my bees, were the best, and I got the premium, and beat Mr. Graham at his own game ! Now, I want to tell you how I beat myself. Soon after my queen took the premium, a man stepped up and offered me $20 for the queen that took the premium, and I told him I would not take it, but I would take $25 for both queen and bees, and he would not give it, and went away, and I did not get to sell her at all. I often thought after that how greedy we sometimes are, and do not know a good thing when we see it. I " got left," and I have always been ready since then to advise a person to take a good thing when it is offered. W. K. Marshall. (To be contiDued.) So I>ong' as the bees are not diseased, and can find no work to do abroad, their winter nap had better be continued. — Dr. Miller. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 59 ConTeatlon IVotices. New York.— The annual meeting of the Ontario Co., N T.. Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in Canandalgua, N. Y., Jan. 25 and 36, 189.5. Come early. Everyone come. Bellona, N. Y. iluTH B. Taylor, Sec. Minnesota.— The reftular semi-annual meet- ing: of the Southern Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Association will tie held on the first Monday in May. ISO.j, at LaCrescent, Minn. All bee- keepers invited. E. C. Cornwell, Sec. Winona, Minn. Pennsylvania,— The Venango County Bee- Keepers' Association of northwestern Penn- sylvania will hold their 2nd annual meeting in the City Hall at Franlilin, Pa., on Jan. 28, ] 89.5. at 1 o'clocli p.m. All interested send for program, C. S. Pizer, Sec, Frankbn, Pa. Wisconsin.— The 11th annual meeting of the Wisconsin State Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in the Capitol, at Madison, Feb. 6 and 7, 1895. AH bee-keepers are requested to attend, whether they receive a formal notice or not. H. Lathrop, Kec. Sec, Browntown. Wis. Kansas.— There will he a meeting of the Southeastern Kansas Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion on March 16. 1895, at Goodno's Hall, in Bronson, Bourbon Co., Kans. It is the annual meeting, and all members are requested to be present, and all bee-keepers are cordially in- vited. J. C. Balch, Sec, Bronson, Kans. California.- The California State Bee- Keepers' Association will hold its fourth an- nual meeting on Tuesday and Wednesday. February 5 and 6,189.5, at the Chamber of Commerce, corner of 4th and Broadway. Los Angeles. Programmes will be ready Jan. 15. Prof. A. J. Cook. Pres. J, H. Martin, Sec., Bloomington, Calif. Vermont.— The next annual convention of the Vermont Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in Mlddlebury, Vt., on Jan. .'JO and S\ , 1895. Programs will be prepared and mailed later. Let every Vermont bee-keeper begin now to preoare to aitend. and all those who can reach Mlddlebury, whether you live in Vermont or not, we want vou to come. Barre, Vt. H. W. Scott, Sec, Rickei- ]\iitional ]\iirsei-y Co. — We are in receipt of the 36-page wholesale catalogue and price-list of the Elgin Nur- series, Elgin, Ills. This catalogue not only contains extremely low prices on ever- greens, fruit and forest trees, vines, shrubs and roses, but contains an illustrated trea- tise on evergreens, entitled, " How to grow evergreens for protection." The sample order No. 1 — 200 assorted evergreens, 7 varieties, including Colorado Blue Spruce (Picea Pungens)— they send to any part of the United States, express prepaid, for $3.00, or one-half of the lot for Jjl.OO. Their nurseries received highest award and medal at the World's Fair, Chicago. Send for their catalogue — it is free. See their advertisement in another column. ' The American Bee Journal is al- most indispensable in bee-culture." — H. F. Keeler, of Iowa, Dec. 28, 1894. Wants or Excliaiiges. This department is only for your " Wants " or bona-flde '■ E.vchanges," and such will be Inserted here at 10 cents a Hue for each time, when specially ordered into this depart- ment. Exchanges for cash or for price-lists. or notices olTering articles for sale, will not be inserted here— such belong in the regular advertising columns, at regular rates. WANTED— To exchange. Pure St. Bernard Pups, bred from registered stock. Will exchange for any thing useful. Would like a portrait lens, SCOTT BRILLHART, 3A2t Millwood, Knox Co., Ohio. Honey & Beeswax Market Quotations. CHICAGO. III., Dec. 27,— Up to the present the sales on honey have met witii our expec- tations. We have received considerably more honey than we figured on handling, owing to the short crop report, and we think the early shippers reaped the benefit. However, we are now getting the average price, viz. : Fancy, loc. ; white. No. 1. 14@13c. Extracted, 6@7c. Beeswax, 28@29c. J. A. L. CHICAGO, III., Jan. 3.— As usual, the vol- ume of trade in honey is small at this season. But our stock Is not heavy, and soon as this month is past we expect a demand that will clean out all present and prospective offer- ings. Comb sells at 14c. for good white; fan- cy brings loc; dark grades, 8@1 2c. Extracted white, 6@7c.; dark, 5@6c, Beeswax, 27(ai28c. R. A. B. & Co. NEW YORK, N. Y., Dec. 20.— The market for comb and extracted honey is good, and the supply equals the demand. Fancy clover and buckwheat .sells best; off grades are not quite as salable: and 2-pound sections are little called for. We ciuote as follows: 1-pound fancy clover. l,3@14c.; 2-pound, 12V4@13c.; 1- pound white. 12@12!4c.; 2-pound, 12c.; 1- pound fair, 10@Ue.: 2-pound, 10@llc.; 1- pound buckwheat, 10@llc.; 2-pound. 9@10c. Extracted, clover and basswood, 6@6!4c. ; buckwheat, 5@5^c.; Southern, 50@60c. per gallon. Beeswa.v, scarce and in good demand at29@30c. C. I.&B. CINCINNATI. O.. Jan. 7. — Demand for honey is very quiet since the holidays, and prices are unchanged. Comb honey brings 14@16c. for best white, and extracted 4@7c. Beeswax is in good demand at 2.3@28c. for good to choice yellow. C. F. M. & S. KANSAS CITY, Mo., Jan. 7.— The demand for both comb and extracted is light. Supply good. We quote: No. 1 white comb, 1 -lbs., I4@15c.: No. 2 white. 12lS]3c.; No. 1 amber. 13c.; No. 2 amber, 10@llc. Extracted, white, 6@614c.; amber, 5@5!4c.; dark, 4 (4c. Beeswax. 22@25c. C. C. C. & Co. BUFFALO, N. Y.. Dec. 17.— The demand for honey Is very quiet. We quote: Fancy. 13® 14c.; choice. l\&V2a.; others from 8@10c. Literal amount of stock in market. The pros- pects are that the demand will be very light until after the holidays. Extracted is moving very slowly at 5@7e. B, & Co. NEW YORK, N. Y., Deo. 31 —The demand for comb honey has been very light of late and has now almost dwindled down to nothing. The supply has been accumulating and there is a large stock on the market. In order to move it in round lots, it will be nec- essary to make liberal concessions from rul- ing quotations. We quote: Fanc}' white, 1- Ibs., 13c.; off grades, lie; buckwheat, 9c. We have nothing new to report in extracted. It is moving oft' slow and plenty of stock on the market, with more arriving. Beeswax is steady and finds ready sale on arrival at 30c. per pound. H. B, & S. RUDY'S PILE SUPPOSITORY Is guaranteed to cure Piles and Constipation, or money refunded. .50 cents per box. Send two stamps for circular and free Sample to MAKTIN RUD if. Registered Pharmacist, Lan- caster, Pa. No Po.stals Answered. For sale by all first-class druggists everywhere. Peter Van Schaack & Sons, Robt. Stevenson & Co., Morrison. Plummer & Co., and Lord, Owen & Co., Wholesale Agents, Chicago, Ills. Pease mention the Bee Journal. NovlS Oood Honey-Sellers ought to be needed now, and the little 32-page pamph- let, "Honey as Food and Medicine," has for years proven itself valuable in making repeated sales of honey. Its distribution will create a demand for the honey first, and then the bee-keeper can follow it up and supply that demand. Send to us for a sample copy, only 5 cents ; 10 copies, post- paid, 35 cents ; 50 copies, $1.25; or 100 copies $2.00. Try 50 or 100 copies, and prove their ability to aid you in disposing of your honey at a good price. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers, Most of whom Quote In this Journal. Cblcago, Ills. J. A. Lamon, 43 South Water St. R. A. Burnett & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. Y. F. I. Sage & Son, 183 Reade Street, HiLDRETH Bros. & Seoelken, 28 & 30 West Broadway. Chas. Israel & Bros., 110 Hudson St. I. J. Strinoham, 105 Park Place. Francis H. Leogett & Co.. 128 Franklin St. Kansas City, Mo. Clemomb-Mason Com. Co., 423 Walnut St. Albanr, N. Y. H. R. WRIGHT, 326 St, 328 Broadway. Buffalo, N.Y. Batterson & Co., 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chas. Dadant & Son. Cincinnati, Ohio. C. F. Muth & Son, cor. Freeman* Central ava. Io«a Seert Co. — We are in receipt of the Catalogue of the Iowa Seed Co., of Des Moines, one of the finest seed catalogues of the year. It is a book of practical and com- plete information to the seed-planter, and is gotten up neatly and concisely in the highest style of the printers' and litho- graphers' art. Any of our readers can ob- tain a copy by merely sending a postal card to the company and mentioning the American Bee Journal. Alfalfa clover seed is offered by this firm. California If you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers, Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper- The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated, $2,40 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL PRESS, 220 Market St.. - SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. /Moifioii Wie American Bee Jownwl The Bee-Keepers' Guide : — OR— Manual of the Apiary, llt^° See A If C offer on page 46. By Prof A. J. Cook — for over 20 years a pro- fessor In the Michigan Agricultural College. This book in not only instructive and helpful as a GUIDE in bee-keeping, but is also interest- ing and thoroughly practical and scientific. It contains a full description of the Anatomy and Physiology of Bees. 460 pages, bound In cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.23; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year— both for only $1,73; or given free as a premium for sending us 3 NewSubscribers to the Bee Journal atjl each G. W. YOKK & CO., 56 5th Ave.. Chicago, 111 Strawberry and Raspberry Plants. Best New and Old varieties. Best grown Plants. Catalogue Free. With instructions for tlieir culture. Send for It No»v. Mention this paper. Address. E. J. KCOFIELD, 3A13t P. O. Box 113, Hanover, Wis. HONEY FOR SALE. I have about 3000 lbs. of Basswood Honey for sale at 7 cents per lb., in 60-lb. cans, on board cars. I will guarantee it strictly pure. 2A Jobn Wagner, Buena Vista^ 111. 60 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 2i, CONSTITUTION OF THE Nortli American Bee-Keeiiers' Association Adopted at St. Joseph, Rio., 1894. ARTICLE I.— Name. This organization shall be known as "The North American Bee-Keepers' Association," and shall include in its territory all of the United States and Canada. ARTICLE II.— OB.IECT. Its object shall be to promote the general interests of the pursuit of bee-culture throughout North America. ARTICLE III.— Membership. 1. Any person interested in apiculture may become a Life Member upon the pay- ment to the Secretary of the sum of ten dollars. 2. Any person interested in apiculture may become an Annual Member upon the payment to the Secretary of one dollar. Ladies interested in apiculture may become members free. 3. No member shall be entitled to the floor for more than five minutes in any dis- cussion, without the consent of the Associa- tion, nor a second time, unless by the con- sent of the President, or a majority of the members present. 4. Any person may become an Honorary Member by receiving a majority vote at any regular meeting, after having been approved by the Executive Committee. ARTICLE IV.— Officers. 1. The officers of this Association shall consist of a President, a Vice-President, a Secretary and a Treasurer, who shall be elected by a majority ballot at each annual meeting, for the calendar year following: and their duties shall be the same as usually devolve upon such officers. They shall con- stitute the Executive Committee. 3. The Executive Committee of this Asso- ciation shall cause the Constitution to be printed in appropriate form, and every per- son joining the Association shall be entitled to a copy of the same. 3. The Executive Committee shall select subjects for discussion, and the same shall be published with the call for the next an- nual meeting. It shall also provide badges for all members. 4. The Executive Committee shall also provide a place of meeting for the annual convention, and see that all necessary ar- rangements are made to carry out the de- mands of this Constitution. 5. The Secretary shall be paid a salary of ?25.00 a year, at each annual meeting. 6. An Auditing Committee of three shall be appointed by the President, on conven- ing of each annual session, whose duty it shall be to audit any or all accounts so ordered by the Association. ARTICLE v.— Meetings. The annual meeting of this Association shall be held at such place as shall be agreed upon at the previous annual meet- ing. Ten members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, but a less number may engage in discussion, and adjourn until some future day. ARTICLE VI.— Vacancies in Office. Vacancies in office, by death, resignation, or otherwise, shall be filled by the Execu- tive Committee, until the next annual meeting. ARTICLE VII.— Defense Committee. A Defense Committee of seven shall be appointed for the purpose of considering the applications of members for defense from unjust lawsuits by those who are prejudiced against the pursuit. This com- mittee shall be the officers annually elected by the National Bee-Keepers' Union. ARTICLE Vm— Amendments. This Constitution may be amended at any annual meeting by a two-thirds vote of all the members present. EVERGREENS '^^"'^ *~^ FOREST TREES Grape Vines, Small fruits, Shruba nn'l Uo-^e,-;, t-.amijle Order INO 1: 2i^) evofKref IIS, seven vivrielies, including Colorado Blue Spruce, iPicea Pun- fiensi. Rent to any address in the United Strifes, express prepaid, for $?; one-half ot above $1, 36 pnce whole- sale rntakit:ueaad "Howtonrowpver- greens" Free. Receiveii hiKhest award at the World's Fair. Lar^e TOEtujifi NUFOtaiia discounts for early orders. Address, ■*Si^'" Eicker National Nursery Co., Elgin, 111. 4A8t Menticm the American Bee Journal. THE KEYSTONE DEHORNER J Cuts clean on all eides-doea not crush. The ) most humane, rapid and durable knife ) made, fully warranted. Highent World's ^ Fair Award. Descriptive Circulars Free- Ia.C.BROSIUS, Cochranvilie, Pa. 12E13 Mentiun the American Bee Journal LARGEST LINE Made in the World. AIL STEEL OR WOOD STEEL L1.\EII. Perpetual & Large Bale, Steam, Horse & Hand Power- Guaranteed the Beat- Write for Catalogue. I AHOl'S HFG. CO., Chicago, til. Apt juieiUion th^ A merican Bee JOumaU HATCH CHICKENS BY STEAM WITH THE MODEL EXCELSIOR INCUBATOR. TlioiiNantU in Suc- cessful Operatiou. SIMI'LE, PERFECT, and SELF-REG i 'LA TING. Guarantrcd tohatcha lareer percentage of fertile eggs, at less cost, than any other Incubator. Send 6c. for IIIub. Gatalog. „ f:iroular3 Free. SE or il. ST A ii l..114toia3 8.filliSl..Qiilncy.lll, First clas3 Haicher maili 24El3t Mtntmn the Amei-ican Bee Journal. Dovetailed Hives, Sections, Extractors. Smokers, and everything a Bee -Keeper wants. — Honest > at 4'losf, Ilon- ost Pi-ift'w. (30 p. catalog tree. J. M. Jeiikin§, Wetiinipka, Ala. 2 E 1 0 1 Xiention the American Bee JoumdL CATALOGUE PACE _ And Guide to Poultry Sai&ersfor 1895, fontains over 130 fine illustrations show. inK a photo of the lareest hennery in the west. UivGH best plans for poultry houses, Kuro remedies ana recipes for all difioases, also valuable infornaation on the kitchen and flower garden sent for only 10 cents. John Bauscher, Jr., P.O. Box 5 Freeport, 111. 3 4 E 7 1 MerUion the A merican Bee J , mmai^ BEGINNERS. lieKinners shoiiUi have a copy of the Amateur liee-Keeper, a TO-page book by Prof. J. W. Kiiuse. I'rlee 2o cents; if sent by mail, '-'Ho. The httle book and the Progressivu HeeKeeper (a live, pro- gressive SS-pajce monthly journal) one year, Soc. Address any flrsi-olass dealer, or LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo. Mention Vie American Bee Joiurtial. langstrotlirZ Hone) -Bee -REVISED BY THE DADAHTS- This magnificent classic in bee-literature has been entirely re-writtcn. and is fully illustra- ted. II treats of everything relating- to bees and bee-keeping. No apiarian library is com- plete without this standard work by Kev. L. L. Langstroth — the Father of American Bee- Culture. It has .520 pages, and is substan- tially bound in cloth. Price, postpaid. $1.40: or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year— both for $2.15; or the book free as a premium for sending us 4 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at $1 each G. W. YORK & CO., 56 5th Ave., Chicago, 111. IVIY HUSBAND-" dolt, $(>ii Kf'nnood ainchioe for - $'J.1.00 $.'.11 ^^iil■-t<>n nacbioe for - $I9.&(I Sliir>rtl SiD;.-prs • $1^.00, (11.00 :si;..no, ami 27 other trtyles. AH ml* i.taFHEE. Wp p»y freight ship any- i) .1<> days free trial, in any boms aFking one cent in advance. Buy rtory. Save ap-eiits larpe profita. I OviT HtO.OilO in nse. Catalogue and testi- fcmnniils l-rpe Write at once, Addresa -ifuii). CASH BUYERS' UNION, 158-164 West Van Burcn St.. B n5, Chicago, III. 8Etf Mention the A7nerica7i Bee Journal, Household Repairing Oatlit. This Outflt Is a combiuHtion of the practical, tried and common-sense tools and materials that will enable anyone with enough ingen- uitj' to drive a nail, to do his own half- soling, boot, shoe, rubber and harness repairlDg, right at home. No pegs re- quired. Simple wire clinch nails. Saves time, trouble, ex- pense and vexatious "shoe-maker's bro- ken promises." En tire Uuiflt, neatly boxed, by express, only $2.00. Or clubbed with the Bee Jotjrnal for 1 year— both tor $2.60; or given as a Premium tor sending U8 6 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at $1.00 each. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. Hunt's Foundation Led all others iu theGovernmentexperiments It exceeded the Given by 6i4 % , and all the rest by 24 H. See Sept. Review. 189-1. The Largest, Most Comprehensive Catalog of ev- erything needed in the Apiary, Free. Cash for Beeswax, or will makf it up iu any quan- tity. M. H. HDN T, Bell Urancli, Ullcli. 4Ett ifentton the American Bee Journal THE A. I. ROOT COS GOODS IN MISSOUEI .■i2-page Catalogue Free. 4Atf Joliii Nebel A: Son, Hi^ii Hill, nio. When answering this advertisement, mention this jourhm^ 2W. t3 £5' ■ '^ Lasts -Watch It. Low Prices, This Advertisement Changes Every Week- fH ^4. nil« >vwk — Testimonials IXCl in6ni and Price-List Free. BEATS DISCOUNTS But I will give you boili, on Bee-Supplies— especiall}' i?oiub Fouiidatiou. W.J. Finch.Jr., Springfield, 111 Mc7iUon t)ie Amcricaji Bee Journal. 1^" " I expect to be a subscriber to the American Bee Journal as long as I live. I don't see how any one who has bees can do without it."— Noah Miller, of Iowa, Dec. 22, 1894. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 61 iu the West. -COMPLETE STOCK.- Good Sapplies and Low Prices— Our Motto. We are here to serve you, and will, if you give us a chance. Ciiliilosue Frsi", Address, Mention this Journal. LEAHY MANUFACTURING CO., HiGGINSVILLE. MO. Did You Ever? JENNIE ATCHLEY ^f/ g°Vi! A INeiv Factory— New Engine and Boiler— the onlv Steam Bee-Hive Factory in youth Te.Y. @^ Dovetailed Hives and All KIikIk oI' Supplies. Let me know what vou want and 1 will make you a LOW ESTIMATE. ROOT'S fiOODS and DADAINTS' FOUNDATION. Send for Catalogue, and see my astonishingly low prices. See my Quken Ad. on the last page. I am In a position to ship Bees In Carload liols. Who wants to try the experiment ? JENIVIE ATCHLEY, Bccrillc, Bcc Co., Tex. PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION Has No Sag In Brood-Frames Thin Flat-Bottom Foundation Bas Ko Fishbone id the SorplQS Hoiiof. BeinK the cleanest Is ueually worked the quickest of any Foundation made J. VAN D£17SEN & SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Bproat Brook, MontKomery Co., N. Y- BEESWAX WANTED ! For Cash at Highest Price ; Or In Excliaiiso Tor Foundation at liowest Prit-e, Wholesale and Ketall. Don't fail, before liuying or selling, to write for Prices and Samples— to GIS DIXTITIER, AUGUSTA, WIS. Reference— Augusta Bank. 16Atf Dzierzon's Rational Bee -Keeping; OK THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF DR. DZIERZON OF Carlsmakkt, GEKMAmr. Translated from the latest German edition by Messrs. H. Dieck and S. Stuttered. Edited and Revised by Mr. Charles Nash Abbott, late Editor of the " British Bee Journal." Price, in cloth, $1.25 ; in paper cover, $1. This book contains 350 pages, and it describes fully and clearly the methods of bee-keeping tised by that famous German apiarist— Dr. Dzierzon. No apiarian libra- ry is complete vpithout this work. Club and Premium OfiRers. We will give a copy of the cloth-bound edition for 4 new subscribers to the Bee Journal at $1.00 each; or the paper-cov- ered book for 3 new subscribers at$l each. We will club the cloth-covered book with the Bee Journal for one year, for $2,00; or the same \n paper for $1.75 — to new or old subscribers. You ought to have it — it is Dzierzon's apicultural master-piece. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. i^-ARE YOU LOOKING For the BEST in Bee-Hives, Sections, Cases, &c.? If so, drop us a Postal and we shall be pleased to I /I D I rilI|V Tft UfaiApfiiiirn Wit- send you a copy of our 1895 Catalogue and Price-list. I w. D. LLiiIiS vu., ndienowii, UlS. Doctor^s Y^\r)\s JBy DR. PEIRO, Chicago, 111. Frozen Flesh. I know of nothing better to thaw a frozen ear, nose or fingers than to wrap them up in a rag that has been well sprinkled with turpentine. But snow or cold water does excellently, and is more easily obtained. Queer hovp frozen water cures frozen flesh — but it is so. Double Action of Salt. Another funny thing in Nature is, that salt put on ice prevents it melting so fast ; yet salt put on an icy sidewalk melts it soon. Now, how do you account for this double action ? Better Fat than Tliln. Why, you silly boy! Poke-root berries are not the part that makes fat folks thin — it is the rout that is used. And I would advise you to not even try that. It can do you much harm. Better be fat and healthy than thin and sickly. Freckles Indicate Health. " Freckles !" Why, don't you know that is the very best evidence of health you can have ? Well, it is. If I were very sickly, I'd give a quarter for every freckle they could put on my face, and would snap my finger at every boy who called me " freckle nose." Squirrel Bites. Well, I expect you squeezed your " Bun- ny " a little too tight, and he bit you. Squirrels are apt to resent too pressing familiarity. But his bite is no worse than any other. The idea that it causes fits is simply ridiculous ! Tight Sboes and Corns. Corns ? They are usually the result of tight or ill-fitting shoes. They press so hard over a spot of skin that it cannot grow nat- ural, but is condensed into a callous. That's a corn. Dig out the hard core so as to leave a hole instead, and you are relieved. But the same Shoe will occasion another corn, in time. Peacli Seeds Tor Gouslis. Peach pits are good for whooping-cough, and other kinds of coughs, too. The most violent poison can be distilled from them, called "hydrocyanic acid." But a seed eaten every hour or so is perfectly harmless. Baked Apples lor Dyspepsia. Bessie, tell grandma that if she will live one week on baked apples only— nothing else — her dyspepsia will give her little trouble. I'd almost like to have the 'pepsia just to get the baked apples ! Bnckfvheat vs. Alfalfa Honey. Well, Billy, there are curious kinds of honey. The kind the bees store from buck- wheat « apt to give you a sour stomach, but if I you can get alfalfa honey, stored from a kind of clover — you just sail in. It's licking good ! Cronpy Parrots. So your "Dandy" has the croup, you think 1. Well, dearie, I'd like to tell you what to do, but I'm sorry I am not a bird doctor. Try cuttle-fish bone ; it is said to be good for such troubles. 62 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 24, Im's loiir Chance to Get Some ot the PREMTDMS -Given to Our Present Subscribers- For Getting New Subscribers TO THE "AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL." Just Read This Advt, 'Twill Help You and Us. We have published another New Edition of our paper-bound Premium Book- 66 BEES AND HONEY 99 (By Newman), containing 160 pages, and over ISO illustrations. We expect to give away the whole edition, and want you to help us scatter them, by getting New Subscribers to the " Bee Journal." We will give a copy of the book free to the New Subscriber who sends us $1.00 for the " Bee Journal " from Jan. 1, 1895, to Jan. 1, 1896. Now if you will get the one new name and his or her $1.00, and send it to us we will also mail you your choice of one of the following list for your Premium : Bees and Honey (paper cover)— by Newman. Poultry for Market— by Fannie Field. Turkeys for Market— " "' Capons and Caponizlng— " " Foul Brood Treatment— by Cheshire. 12 copies Honey as food and Medicine. Amateur Bee-Keeper— by House. Convention Hand-Book. If you will send us Two New Subscribers at the rate given above ($1.00 each), we will send you your choice of one of the following list, as your premium and also mail to each of the two new names a copy of the 160-page bee-book : Doollttle's -Seientlflc Queen- Rearing " (paper) Dzlerzon's" Rational Bee-Keeping '• (paper) Dr. Miller's - Vear Among the Bees." Alley's •; 30 Years Among the Bees. Hutchinson's " Advanced Bee-Culture." "People s Atlas ot the World. Pierce's ■• Wintering Problem." Ropp's "Commercial Calculator No- 2^ , Binder for " Bee .Tournal." 30 copies - Honey as Food and Medicine. Now start out at once and see what you can do. You should be able to get many new subscribers on the above ofifer, without very much trouble. Sample Copies of the " Bee Journal " mailed free. Green's How to Propagate and Grow Fruit How We Made the Old Farm Pay. *' Garden and Orchard- '• Six books on Fruit Culture. Foul Brood— by Ur. Howard. Bee-Keeplng for Proflt— by Tinker. Ropp's Commercial Calculator No. 1, GEORGE 56 Fifth Avenue, W. YORK & CO. CHICAGO, ILLS. Qej;)eral Itet^s. "Nothing" Makes a Difference. On page 807 (1.S94) I am made to tell a very good size story ; that ij, that some Rhode Island bee-keepers obtained 800 pounds of honey from 4 colonies. This is more than the bee-pasturage ot Rhode Island will produce, and would rank equally with some of those large yields in the South that we read about; besides it is a greater story than any one would credit as the truth. It should read: "Keep from 2 to 40 colonies;" of course the reader will notice that nothing (0) has been left out, and in this case nothing makes a difference, for it brings the average down considerably per colony. W. A. Greene, who has an apiary ot about 2.5 colonies near the center of the city of Providence, obtained over 700 pounds ; while Samuel Lewis, from 43 colo- nies, in the suburbs, had over 800 pounds. Providence, R. I. W. G. Gautside. When to Move to the South. On page 71.5 (1S94) Mr. Eastman asks when is the best time to go to Texas from the Northern climate (Illinois). In reply Mrs. Atchley says: " I am at a loss to tell you when is the best time to come, but if I were coming I would start whenever I got ready — it will not make any difference that I know ot." But I would say it makes a big difference it a man from this Northern State moves to Texas in June or July. It would be death or sickness as a result ot the change in the climate. I speak from experience. In V&M my regiment (6th Minn. Vol. Inf.) was here in Minnesota, when we received orders to go South, and on June 3 we left Fort Snell- ing, Minn., with 1,000 men. all strong and healthy, and arrived at Helena, Ark., on June 2B. After two months they said only SO had not been on the sick list ; and in November only 300 men were left for guard duty, and the balance of 700 were either dead or in the hospital boat at Jefferson barracks, Missouri. or;had;returned to Wis- consin. A good many of the soldiers died before they reached so far north, that they could breathe the fresh and healthy air. The 300 men left were sent to St. Louis on guard duty, and in January, 1865, we were sent to New Orleans and across the Gulf of Mexico to Mobile and to Montgomery, Ala., the first of April. Then we were all healthy. The last part of July we left Montgomery for home, and only a few of the boys were sick with the climate fever. More than halt of the soldiers that died in the South died with the climate fever. From this you will see that if a man goes from this Northern country to the Gulf of Mexico, he must go in January or February, and then when the sun comes up higher each day, he would be used to the climate. If people from the North go down to the Gulf in June or July— if they don't die they have to stand the climate fever. It a man were to leave Texas in January or February, and come up here, do you think he could stand 30 or 40 degrees below zero ? I say no. I am the only bee-keeper in Swift county, Minn. ; out on the prairie, six miles from any woods, except 10 acres of young timber on my land, consisting of oak. poplar, ash, box-elder and bassvvood. Fifteen years ago the timber was all cut down so it is all young timber. The basswood blooms very freely every year. There is no bee-keeper west of me, and none nearer than about 25 miles east of me, in Kandiyohi county. The clover doesn't grow here, except the mam- moth red clover and sweet clover. The only honey-flow I have is in the fall, from golden-rod and asters. The best honey-flow used to be cut off by frost in October. I had 10 colonies, spring count, and in- creased to IS, I have 7 hives full ot comb and honey that I left out-doors, and will keep them so until spring, and see what I can do with them then. A. P. Carlson. Carlson, Minn., Dec. 17. Very Cold 'Weather. We have had very cold weather here since Christmas. There is six inches of snow on the ground. This keeps the bees close at home. Joseph E. Shaver. Friedens, Va., Jan. 3. Gets a Iiittle Surplus. There is nothing much for the bees here, although I manage to get a little surplus. Our main trees here for pollen are elm, Cottonwood, willow, pepperwood and fruit trees. Outside of this we have no special trees. The basswood. which I read so much about, I would like very much to get. I think the American Bee Journal is one of the greatest papers I ever read. I would rather miss my dinner than a single copy of it. J- M. Jeffcoat. Pike, Tex., Jan. 3. The Eastern Iowa Convention. The 6th annual convention of the Eastern Iowa Bee-Keepers Association met at Ana- mosa, Iowa, Dec. '36 and 37, 1S94. Secretary Frank Coverdale being absent, H. F. Keeler was elected Secretary pro Urn. Membership was solicited without fee, and 24 persons became members by sub- scribing to the constitution and by-laws. A number of interesting questions were discussed. Officers were elected as follows : Presi- dent—F. M. Merritt, of Jackson Co. Vice- Presidents— T. O. Hines, of Jones Co. ; Chas. Hammons, of Clinton Co. ; D. C. Wilson, of Linn Co. ; J. C. Merritt, of Jackson Co. ; A. Y. Hanna, of Dubuque Co. Secretary — 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 63 H. F. Keeler, of Anamosa. Assistant Sec- retary— J. A. Jansen, of Cedar Rapids. Mr. O. Hines was given an extended vote of thanks for the essay and poem read. The Tth annual meeting will be held at Anamosa, Iowa, early in December, 189.5. The Secretary was directed to fix the date, and publish the proper notice. H. F. Keelek, Hec. pro tern. Anamosa, Iowa. Hesults of the Fast Season. From 5 colonies, spring count, I obtained 361 pounds of comb honey, in one-pound sections. I increased them to 11 colonies, and they are all in chaff hives on the sum- mer stands, with S.^.j' inches of chaff all around, and a good chaff cushion on top. They had flights Dec. 16 and 31, and they are wintering well now, as far as I can see. I think my location here is very good. We have lots of clover, basswood and golden- rod, and there are no bees within 12 miles of mine. A. H. Cheslet. Jackson, N. H. Driest Season Ever Known, Etc. I am almost ashamed to report the past season, as it was the driest ever known. I got 150 pounds of comb honey from 30 colo- nies and one swarm, and fed 23.5 pounds of granulated sugar. Our sources here for surplus honey are basswood, white clover, Alsike clover, buckbush bloom, and sev- eral other varieties. 1 visited Rocky Ford, Colo., in October, in the interest of the honey-bee, and found a good honey country, and lots of bee-men, too. I saw several carloads of honey stacked up ready to ship — as fine honey as could be produced from alfalfa and Rocky Mountain honey-plant. Everything is raised there by irrigation. McFall, Mo., Dec. 35. J. E. Enyart. Sad Some Nice Comb Honey. We got 23 pounds of nice comb honey from one colony of bees, and none from the other hive. A queen from Texas filled an 8-frame hive with bees, swarmed, and filled the second hive with winter stores. It would take too much space to tell how ■well we like the American Bee Journal. Success, and a happy year to its publishers. Mrs. Julia Cannon. Wabash, lud., Jan. 3. An Experience the Fast Season. As it is only fair to give as well as take, and as I find I enjoy reading of other peo- ples' success, I will give a little of my ex- perience.. Last spring (1894) opened finely, with the bees In good condition, and they gathered pollen from soft maple, and everything looked well. So I took the winter cases off and piled them up about the first of May. Then came a hard frost which cut the corn which was nicely up, and with the corn all that a bee valued went also. We soon discovered that white clover had been destroyed by the dronth of 1893, so it ■was from hand to mouth with the bees, nntil basswood bloomed. Then they began to store honey in the upper story, but most of them very slowly. Then the flow was over, and not a section capped, so I left them on, hoping that raspberry or black- berry, and buckwheat or smartweed, would supply the needed honey to complete the unfinished sections. But I was doomed to disappointment, for instead of completing they depleted the sections, and I got noth- ing. But here is the strange part of the story : The year before I sent and got two queens. I introduced them successfully in the fall of 1893 ; one turned up missing before spring opened, and the other was a good one, with "blue blood," for she filled the hive with bees; they worked when no other colony was doing anything, they never loafed, and stored some 40 pounds of section honey, and went into winter quarters strong ; be- sides, I took one or two frames from them, and gave to weak colonies. I have other colonies of Italians — some hybrids, and some blacks — but this one col- ony stored more than all the rest put to- gether. So I concluded there must be some- thing in the stock. Not one of my colonies swarmed, as I suppose they knew there was nothing to swarm on. May the American Bee Journal live for- ever! E. B. Ellis. Cooksville, 111., Jan. 1. A Good Report from a Beginner. I started in tlie spring of 1894 with 5 colo- nies, and increased to 11. I sold one colony for .?3.50. My 10 colonies gathered 374 pounds of honey, and I sold about 350 pounds at 14 cents in the home market. I thought that better than 16 cents and ship it, pay expenses, and run risks. If any of the readers of the American Bee Journal know of a better way of marketing honey, I would like to hear from them through the Bee Journal. There is no one within about two miles that has as many bees as I have, and there is plenty of basswood and golden-rod, maple and wild flowers. I sow some buck- wheat, and have some Alsike clover. My bees are in single-walled hives, and are packed with corn-fodder on the south, west and north. J. T. White. Smiley, Ohio, Dec. 29. Old Bee Joiii-naliii. — We have quite a number of old copies of the American Bee Journal, extending back perphaps 10 years. We will send these out at om ceiit a copy, all to be different dates, and back of Jan. 1, 1894. Remember they are odd num- bers, and you must let us select them. We cannot furnish them in regular order, that is, one or two months' numbers without a break, but will mail you as many single or odd copies as you may wish, upon receipt of the number of cents you want to invest in them. They will be fine reading for the long winter evenings, and many a single copy is worth a whole years' subscription. Better send for ten or more copies, as a sample order. Only a cent a copy, back of Jan. 1, 1894. F^° "I am dropping several papers, but cannot give up the American Bee Journal. I think you have made great improvements in it the past year; and if the past is a prophecy of the future, we may look for still more." — S. H. Herrick, of Illinois, Dec. 28, 1894. One-Cent Postage Stamps we prefer whenever it is necessary to send stamps for fractions of a dollar. By re- membering this, you will greatly oblige us. FARMERS, Send 10 cents in U. S. stamps and have your name and address printed in our Special Far- mers' IHrectory— which goes whirling all over the United States, to manufacturers and business men of all kinds. It will bring you mail in the shape of letters and reading matter of all kinds, from the four cor- ners of the land. Your name inserted in three Directories for only 25 cents. Give us a trial— we guarantee satisfaction. A free copy of the Dlreclory sent to every name received. THE FARMERS' DIRECTORY CO. 23— 164a Champa, Denver, Colo. Mention Vve A.inerican Bee Jorj/maL Beautlf uUs" written on a dozen Bristol Calling Cards, and Mailed to any address for 15 cents. Address. L. L. "WEAVER, AlUance, O. Mention the Amertean Bee Journal, tOLD RELIABLE PEERLESS FEED GRINDERS C-^ Grinds more grain to any degreeof fineness than any other mill. Grinds ear- corn, oats, etc.. fine enough for any purpose. War- ranted not to choke. We warrant the Peerless to be THE BEST AND CHEAPEST MILL ON EARTH. ^^ Write us at once for prices and agency. There is money in this mill. Made only by the JOLIET STROWBRIDGE CO.,JOLIET,ILL. Jobbers and Manufacturers of Farm Machinery, Carriages, Wagons. Windmills, Bicycles, Harness, Btc. Prices lowest. Quality best. 8A26t Mention the Anu^ican Bee Jo"7*naL SECURE A POSITION. Wanted for office work, on salary, in almost every County in the South and West, a young lady or g'cntleman. Those from the country also accepted. Experience not necessary. In fact, prefer beginners at a small salary at first, say, to begin from $30.00 to $60.00 per month. Chances for rapid promotion "good."' Must deposit in bank cash, about SIOO.OO. No loan asked; no investment required. It is a salaried and permanent position (strictly office work). Our enterprise is strongly en- dorsed by bankers. Address. P. O. Box 433, Nashville, Tenn. (Mention this paper.) 4A6t TAKE NOTICE! BEFORE placing your orders for SUP- PLIES, write for prices on 1-Piece Bass wood Sections. Bee-Hives, Shipping -Crates Frames, Foundation, Smokers, etc. PAGE & IvVOPI niFG. CO. NEW LONDON, WIS. Mention the American Bee Journal. Promptness Is What Counts ! Honey - Jars, Shipping- Cases, and ev- erything that bee-keepers use. Root's Goods at Root's l*riee«, and the best shipping point in the country. Dealer in Honey and Beeswax. Cata- i62™alAve.Walter S. Ponder INDIANAPOLIS, IND. Mcntio7i the American Bee journal. POSITIONS GUARANTEED under reasonable conditions. Bo not say it cannot be done, till you send for free 120- page Catalogue of Drauqhon's Practicai. Business College. Nashville. Tenn. This college is strongly indorsed by bankers and merchants all over the United States, as well as Foreign Countries. 4 weeks by Draughon's method of teaching bookkeeping is equal to 12 weeks by the old plan. Special advantages in Shorthand, Pen- manship and Telegraphy, Cheap board. Open to both sexes. 36 States and Territories rep- resented. Write for 120-page Catalogue, which will explain "all." Address J. F. Draughon, Pres., Nashville, Tenn. (Mention this paper.) N. B.— This College has prepared hooks for home study, bookkeeping, penmanship and shorthand. 4A6t "YE SOUTHERN BEE-MAN" ^ " Know Ye " that low freight rates and con- venience are two very good reasons why you should get your Bee-Fixings In this city ? Our Prices are way donrn— send for Circular. I. J. STRINOHAM, 103 Park Place. NEW YOHK, N. T. Mention the American Bee Journal, 64 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 2A, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! It is aiwiiys economy to buj' the best, cspe- riiilly when the best cost no more than something: not half so good. OUR FAL- CON SECTIONS are acknowledged to be superior to any on the market. Tlie same is also true ot our HlVEri and BEE- KEEPERS' SUPPLIES, of which we make all modern styles. OUR PRICES will be found as low as those of any of our competitors, and in many cases low- er, and you are always sure of pettinft flrst-cl'iss g-oods. We alfo publish THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER, a monthly magazine (Fifth .>ear) at 50c. a year, in- valuable to beginners. Large illustrated catalogue and price-list free. Address. THEW.T.FALCOmMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. ^~\V. m. RerrlNli. of East Nottins- bani, N. H., is our Eastern agent. New England customers may save freight by pur- chasing of him. Mention tlie American Bee Journal. In-Door &. Out- Door Brooders. 112 FIRST PREMIUMS. Send for 114-page Illustrated Prairie State Incubator Co. HoMEK City, Pa. When Answering this Advertisement, Mention this journal- Attention, Bee-Keepers ! BEIflE.TIBEK, that Jennie Atchley Is pre- pared to mail you an Untested Queen for $1.00 any day in the year. She will rear for her 1S9.J trade, the old Leather-Colored or ;3- Band Italians; 5-Band and Silver-Gray Carni- olans reared In separate yards at a safe dis- tance. Prit*e«, from January to June, Un- tested. Jl.OO; *5.00 for 6: $9.00 per dozen. Tested y-Band, $1.50. Tested 5-Band and Car- nlolan. $2.50 each. Fine Breeders, of either race, $5.00. My very best straight 5-Band Breeders, $10.00 each. Bees by the Pound, $1.00; Nuclei. $1.00 a Frame: Full Colonies, $0.00, with Untested Queens. It is now proven that Bees shipped North in April and May pay well, and strong 2-frame Nuclei and Queens will build up and give a honey crop. This is one of my Speci.^i-ties. safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. I am now prei>aring to be ready to fill all orders for BEES and QUEENS prompt]}', and it you contomplate buying any Bees or Queens it will be to your interest to write me tor Prices on Large Lots and to the Trade. Let me book your orders. Dadant's Founda- tion on hand. 8^~ Send for Catalogue. _^i MRS. JENNIE ATCHI.EY, BEEVILLE, Bee Co., TEX. Mention the Amcri/-nn Dee Journal. ALL BEE-SUPPLIES PTH'S HONEY EXTBACTOB PERFECTION Cold-Blast Smokers, Square Glass Honey Jars, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son. Cor. Freeman H Central Aves., Cincinnati, O. Send lOe for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers. jyientifyn the AmeHcan Bee Journal. Globe Bee^eii Mail for One Dollar. Five cross-bars are rivlted In the 'centre at the top. These bend down ' f and button to studs on a neck-bund. 1 Tlie biira are best llplit sprltii; steel. ' - The neck-bund Is hard sprint,' brass. Tlie netting Is white with I'uce-pleco of black to see tlireugh. ~i It Is easily put together and folds jcompactly In a case, 1x6x7 Inches. ^mmmmiiimiJ^lhe whole weighing but 6 ounces. It can be worn over an ordinary hat; fits any liead: docs not obstruct the vision, and can be worn in bed without discomfort. It Is a boon to any one whon.' flies lK>ther, mosqultos bite, or bees etlng. 1^'" This Veil we club with the Bee Journal lor one year— both for $1.73; or give free as a Premium for sending us li New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at f 1.00 each. Seventeen Years Ago Dadant's Foundation Was first oflFered for sale. The following parties keep it in stock and have kept it for years for sale. Why ? Because they want to handle only the best goods, and they say they can get the best goods when they buy Dadant's Foundation. Thomas G. Newman, rhicaRO, Ills. C. F. Muth & Son. Cincinnati, Ohio Chas. H. CJreen. Waukesha. Wis. Chas. llertel. Freeburg. IMa. E. Kretchmer. Ked Oak, Iowa. Jos. Nysewander, De^ Moines, Iowa. G. B. Lewis Co.. Watertown, Wis. James Reynolds Elevator Co., Poughkeepsie. N Y. Page & Ivyon. New London, Wis. La. Bee-Keepers' Supply Co., DonaldBonville, La. G. K. Hubbard. Fort Wavne. Ind. L. Hanssen, Davenport, Iowa. C. Theilmann, Theilcianlon, Minn. E. C. EaKlesfield, Berlin. Wis. Walter 8. Pouder. Indianapolis, Ind E. T. Abbott, 81. Joseph, Mo. J. M. Jenkins, Wetumpka, Alabama John Rey, East Saginaw, Mich. J. W. Bittenbender, Knoxville, Iowa. Vickery Bros., EvanaviUe, Ind. Mrs. Jennie Atchlev, BeeviUe. Texas. Is not such a steady trade a proof of real merit in the floods we sell ? We also make a specialty of Veils and "Veil StufT^ of best quality. Beeswax Wanted at All Times. Bee-keepers' Supplies, Smokers, .Sections, Tin Pails, etc. Samples of Foun- dation and Tulle FREE with circular. Instructions to beginners with circular. Send us your address. CHAS. DADANT & SON, Mevtion the American Bee Journal. HAMTLTON, Hancock Co., ILJj. The "Good Luck" Watcli. A Good Time-Keeper. Stem Wind and Set. This Watch is one that you need not he ashamed to own or carry. It is mucli better than a great many of the Gold Plated and Gold Filled Watches that are now on the mar- ket. We guarantee this Watch to be flrst-class in every particular, with full Niokle Swiss movement, .Jew- eled pinion. The case is a hand- some nickle silver one. We fully warrant it for 5 years. Price, post- paid. $-2.90; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year— both for only J.'S.oO. Or we will mail the Watch free for 8 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year, and copy of '• Bees and Honey " to each Address, GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 56 Fiftli Ave., CHICAGO, IIX KEEP AN EYE ON THIS SPACE AS we Shall have some INTERESTING ANNOUNCEMENTS n "^"'^ from time to time, and mean dollars to "yOXT. 1 1 m ay Our 1895 Catalog will be out by Feb. 1st. It Is entirely re-arranged and largely re-written; has new engravings, new goods, new prices and new cover. It not only gives prices on the besl and latest flX" tures, but contains a large amount of valuable matter on bees. t^T Before placing your order for next season, send in your name for this Catalogue. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT SI.OO PER ANNUM. 35tli Year. CHICAGO, ILL., JANUARY 31, 1895. No. 5. Got;)tnbuted /Vrticks^ Oil Imporinnt A.f}larlan Slihjc^cts, Handling Bees in Cold Weather. BY .;. A. GKEKN. I hope that all the readers of the Americaji Bee .lournal are of that class who are always up with their work, and have everything in the way of work with the bees finished before they have ceased to fly. I am fraid, though, that there are many apiaries in which cold weather finds a great deal to be done. I must confess that it has often been so in mine, and especially in the past two or three years, when other work has claimed a share of my attention. Working with bees is not a pleasant task at such a time. Some bees are particularly vindictive in cool weather, and one is apt to get many stings in handling even the gentlest, for they are ranch more liable at this time to make their way under the clothing, where they will sting when pinched. When such work becomes necessary much trouble may be saved by going about it properly. Perhaps you find the bees of a colony scattered through two or three stories of combs. The bee-escape — one of the greatest of labor-saving inventions J. A. Oreen. Ottawa, III. for the apiary— is useless so late in the season. Smoke is of little avail. If you attempt to shake or brush the bees down in front of the hive, they either lie there until torpid with cold, or rise into the air, to alight on the surrounding objects, most of them upon the operator. Those which alight on the hives or other cold objects usually become chilled and never get back into their hive. Those which alight on the bee-keeper, imme- diately proceed to seek shelter from the cold air by crawling under his clothing, into his pockets, or wherever they can find an opening. Instead of trying to brush the bees out into the open air, as it were, pile two or three empty supers or bottomless hives over the one that has the bees in it. You will find that you can shake or brush the bees into the deep funnel thus formed, II'. A. Pnjiil. iVurt/i Tcmcscdl, Calif. — See page 73. with little or no loss, or trouble from their taking wing. It is best to hold the frame the bees are on by the end, and lower it a little way into the shaft formed by the empty hives, before shaking or brushing them off. Then every bee that is dis- lodged, falls on the top of the brood-frames where it is safe, and from which it will very seldom take wing. If the weather is too cold to attempt to do anything with the bees out-of-doors, and there is something that really ought to be done, do not consider it necessary to wait for warmer weather. Take the bees into the house, where you can have it as warm as you choose. I ' experience handling bees in this way. order, in the middle of the winter, for made into medicine. They were shaken and brushed from the combs Into wire-cloth cages in which they were shipped, just as we used to ship bees by the pound iii the summer. The room was kept comfortably warm, though I found the bees were less inclined to fly when it was not over 70o. For the sake of convenience, all the windows were darkened but one, before which the work was done. The few bees that took wing collected on this window and could easily have been re- turned to the hive. With the temperature at about 60°, and not too much light, scarcely any bees would leave the combs, especially if have had considerable I once filled a large bees that were to be 66 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. SI, the cover was quietly removed and the bees left uncovered but undisturbed for a short time before attempting to handle them. In some respects it was really less trouble handling the bees under these circumstances than out-of-doors in warm weather. Queens could be found easily and any desired manip- ulations might have been made. 1 shipped at this time over 100 pounds of bees. The colonies were taken from an out-door temperature close to zero, and on being opened immediately in the warm room would exhibit a liveliness that would be rather perplexing to one who advocated that bees hibernate, or even fall into a "semi-dormant" condition in winter. Ten pounds of bees con- fined in a cage, in an agitated condition, will generate an as- tonishing amount of heat, much more, it seems to me, than an equal weight of any other form of animal life with which I am acquainted. It might be supposed that handling at such a time would be injurious to bees that it was desired to preserve, but I feel sure that if properly done it does not hurt them in the least. Some of the colonies brought in for shipment proved on examination to be in such good codition that they were re- turned to the yard. All wintered nicely and were among the best colonies the following season. Much of my experience in handling bees in winter was ob- tained in a still more remarkable way, to relate which will perhaps be interesting as a bit of curious history. I once had my bees construct a large number of queen-cells in Jan- uary. This was done, not for the sake of the queens, but for the royal jelly, for which I had an order. I believe the man who wanted it had tried to get it of other bee-keepers, who had told him it was an im- possibility to procure it at that season. There are very few things that are impossible. I undertook this and succeeded. I never found out definitely what the man wanted with it, though it wasi probably for medicine. He assigned another use for it, but this was too improbable to be considered. He paid me $25.00 per ounce for it, and probably thought I ought to be satisfied not to ask questions. This is probably the highest price ever paid for any of the products of the apiary. Ottawa, 111. Colonies of Bees as locubators. BY A. S. KOSENKOLL. In 1880, I went from Winnipeg, North-West Territory, to Queensland, in Australia, and for a time lived in Brisbane, the capital of the colony. I occupied a cottage with garden in South Brisbane. This part of the city is situated on the south side of Brisbane River on a rich, grassy plain, partially en- closed by a bend of the river, and was only thinly settled in those days. The tidy cottage gardens and small orchards, and the fact that cows and horses were allowed to graze and roam unhindered within its precincts, gave the place a pleasing rura' appearance. I kept two saddle horses, and spent a good deal of my spare time, of which I had plenty on hand, in riding, hunting, fishing, boating and other sports. Occasionally Baron Von Rocderer — the son of the German minister in Switzerland, who I believe came to Australia as an explorer, and to study life on the goldfields, of which he would have required at least two for his own use to keep him going at the rate he was liv- ing— kept me excellent company in these pastimes. In a shady nook of my garden, under a row of locust trees, I kept a few colonies of bees, which I had established on the Langstroth system. As a result of the mild, winterless, semi-tropical climate, the bees kept on breeding throughout the whole year, and I have considerable diCHculty to prevent their excesses in swarming. However, through ventilation, removal of queen, etc., I generally succeeded in breaking the swarming fever, and obtained a fair harvest of splendid honey. The flora in these parts is certainly excellent, the large va- riety of eucalyptus trees, pitosporiim and other shrubs, and the masses of wild flowers supplying an abundance of honey. Cue day, in September, the spring month in the Southern hemisphere, while out hunting in the direction of Rocky Water Hole, I discovered a pheasant nest, containing nine eggs. I carried them home with me. Not being able to ob- tain the services of a brood hen, the idea struck me to let the bees hatch them. In order to carry this novel idea into effect, I took an empty comb-frame, 2 inches wide, and divided it by means of card board strips into a number of partitions, into which I placed the eggs, each one into a separate little nest. After covering both sides of the frame with wire netting, to prevent the bees from building in the empty spaces, I hung it into the brood-nest of a strong colony of bees, and waited for the result, making observations from time to time. At last, after 15 days of patient waiting, my bees pre- sented me with eight healthy and lively young pheasants, which appeared none the worse for having been hummed into life among such strange surroundings. A second experiment which I made with fowls' eggs was similarly successful. An ordinary 2-inch wide Langstroth frame can easily be made to accommodate two dozen of eggs, which should occasionally be turned over, or the frame re- versed. In again following up my profession as a surveyor and pioneer engineer, which tied me for many years to a wander- ing tent life, far away from the haunts of civilization, I was prevented from making further experiments, but I have no doubt that this system of hatching eggs is capable of much improvement and extension, and well worth the consideration of poultry breeders, as expensive and complicated incubators could be dispensed with, and giant colonies of bees take their places. Los Angeles Market — Selling Honey at Retail. BY C. W. DAYTON. The first honey I took into Los AngelesI, in July, I ex- pected to sell readily at a good price, because I had vis- ited many apiaries and not found a ton of new honey, while many were feeding the bees. But, lo ! a whole row of merchants stood up and declared independently that there was a biy crop! But where? "In the mountains!" "In the mountains," thought I. Well, I should like to know what mountains. "All of them, the nearest, — about ten miles out." As my price was 11 cents, and their price 8 to 9, it was not difficult to understand this piece of lafTy, and the bulk of my load was stored in the house of a friend, except enough to peddle my way home again as I peddled on the way out. Of all the ways to dispose of the crop this one of turning it right into the receptacles of the consumer suits me the best, and as a rule they will buy about as large a quantity at the country houses as at the retail store. And the more honey there is produced in a country the easier it sells. In this year of scarcity any one would naturally expect a brisk call for honey, but it is not the case. It takes a host of small producers to make a demand. It was nearly as easy to dispose of honey last year as this. The price then was a little lower, but there was more honey and the market alive. Other luxuries and most necessaries, are risen in price much higher than honey, while honey is also a substitute. There is not only a better price in the retailing, but the original re- ceptacles are usually retained or exchanged. These are worth a cent a pound on the honey, besides shipping and cartage. Then to produce honey by the carload one has to locate so far from settled country that it costs at least a cent a pound more to get it out to railroad. To this add expense of help, rent and numerous other incidentals, and off years, and deduct the same from 4J-^ cents a pound, or less, and you will be able to receive what remains without the trouble of putting forth both hands. Los Angeles is a city of 100,000, and a one-horse load of honey taken there and sold at the stores would cause a co.mplete inundation, where, to distribute a like amount around to families would not amount to a taste. Then the dealer would S'how the next honey man a 12 or 24 pound case with a half dozen measley sections in the front end, and tell of the great deluge about to move down from "the mountains." Then, if the honey man was not posted, or accustomed to taffy in sections with no sharp corners missing, or could be induced to speculate with the aforementioned lazy bees, he might think himself lucky in arriving ahead of the great in- undated and offer his at a still less price. This would con- vince the dealer of a certain deluge, and bring visionary car- loads into all but fingers' grasp. So it shows that to force honey upon the market is like pouring oil upon water, while delivering it to the consumer is literally taking it out in blocks as deep as broad. The one is big show and little profit, while the other is big profit and no one pinched, but many benefitted. And by the removal of cubes some one is rendered uneasy and kept so until other material, or more of the same, is secured to fill the breach. If it is worth three cents a pound to produce five tons of honey (and I produced it for less last season), I look for at least three cents a pound more in the disposal of it. The trouble is that a great many prefer to work hard for a short time and then rest, when ihere should be enough love for their avocation to stay with it, or at it, the year around, or, at least, 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 67 as long as possible to be employed thereby. It is becoming the custom of the age to shun constant industry, so that when labor must be performed it is done hastily. When, on the other hand, to be moderately engaged the year around, it trans- forms into habit and enjoyment, which causes no more dis- pleasure than an every-day coat. The commonest excuse is that they do not believe in "falling in love" with animals and things that way. A little consideration often reveals that they possess a deeper love for the "almighty dollar," or something else of corresponding level. After all, the constantly employed way is, in reality, the surest way to obtain the mighty dollar, and for more than one reason; the principal one of which may be mentioned as creating an inexpensive and pro6table enjoyment at home which dispels the desire for outside and expensive ones. A division of employment means division and reduction of en- thusiasm, and with the loss of ei.thusiasm goes the enjoyment, although by the transaction hard dollars may crop out here and there, but of the kind which are very liable to be recl<- lessly traded off for some enjoyment, to the exorbitant profit of some one else. Florence, Calif. ■ % Wintering to Have Strong Colonies in Spring. BV THOMAS THURLOW. My 8 colonies of bees gave me the usual average of extracted honey last summer, 40 pounds per colony, but as two of them gave scarcely any, the average for the 6 was about 59 pounds, which is about what I get from strong colonies every year; and just there is where many failures comes in, to get all colonies strong when the white clover blooms. They start into winter strong enough, but so many bees succumb during the winter that it takes too long to build up in the spring. I lay it to the shallow Langstroth frame. I have made bees a hobby, have read the American Bee Journal for years, and in all the controversies about hives and frames it is the decided opinion of experienced beekeepers that hives with a small horizontal diameter, but high, are the best for strong, early swarms, which means the best for surplus if there is any to be gotten. One man has carried it to the extreme, wintering his bees in box-hives, hiving his strong, early swarms in the shallow Langstroth hives, getting his crop from them, and dumping them back into the box-hives for winter. Not such a bad plan when you count the wax in the shallow hive at 35 cents per pound, but the two sets of hives doing one set's work seems like going a good ways around when there is a short cut to the same end. In my opinion, a 10-frame Langstroth is about the poorest shape that could be invented for wintering, and quick breeding in the spring; there is too much cold air space around the cluster, and the honey is spread over too great a surface. That a shallow frame is the easiest to handle, and the best for comb honey (if you have the bees), is a settled question; but my experience has been that with the best of care I cannot get more than two out of three in good condition, and very few booming-full of field-bees when the white clover commences to bloom, about May. So I have been for several years working to make the Langstroth hive a deep hive in winter. First, I tried up-ending the whole hive after the Davis No. 7, of Vermont, and packing around with cork; but the Davis was built for that, and the Langstroth was not, and it was a dead failure. Then I tried putting five frames over five frames, using two bodies, with division-boards and cork packings at the sides. It did not do, — too much cold air space at the ends; the bees were all at the top before Christmas, and I wanted them at the bottom. Last fall I tried again. I made inside cases out of thin stuff, 20 inches high, and large enough inside to hold 6 Langstroth frames standing on end and resting in V's cut in the edge of two thin strips, wide enough to keep the frames an inch or more from the bottom-board. An opening an inch high by 9 inches wide is cut out of the bottom of one side for an entrance. Small wire nails driven in on the inside opposite each frame near the top and bottom and standing out K inch, with a space on the top ends, keep the frames in position. This I set in the centre of a bottom-board with a 9-inch piece cut out of the centre of one side of the strips the body sets on, for an entrance. Then set on two bodies and a 6-inch rim; put in a 9-inch wide bridge between the inside and case and the body at the entrance, and filled in all around with cork. I put in 6 frames of bees and drove the rest in at the entrance, and fed with fall honey until the frames were capped over as far down as I could see. I put a cork filled cushion over on top, then the cover, and the job was done. I have fixed 5 hives this way, and have 5 in the old way, with a cork cushion in an empty body over the frames. The difference so far observable is, that with the old plan the bees are up to the top of the frames with a cold-air space all around them ; while in the new-plan hives, by throwing a strong light down between the frames the bees can be seen, and they fill the whole body of the inside case about % the way from the bottom up (no cold air around them), and by the same plan they can be seen hanging to the frames below. Also, what is best and right, there is 25 pounds of honey in those 6 frames right over them — always warm and dry, until they use it up — and are booming-full of brood and bees in the spring. Then I shall put them back to their old position and fill up with comb. Although it has taken a good many words to describe this inside case, it is really very simple and cheap. Five cents will pay for all the lumber in one, and the weight is nothing com- pared with the outside case, and they take very little room to store away in the summer. Lancaster, Pa. A Visit to Florida and Her Bee-Keepers. BY WM. A. SELSEB. After leaving Philadelphia, Nov. 24, on a two months' trip through the State of Florida, to examine into the bee, honey, and fruit business generally, my first stop was at Jack- sonville, which is an old city on the St. Johns river, and is the seat of commerce of the State. At this point a large quantity of oranges are received from different parts of the State and reshipped by ocean steamers to Northern cities. After visit- ing some wholesale grocers who deal in honey, the writer pro- ceeded to Palatka, a very important shipping point on the St. Johns river. The visitor interested in agriculture will be surprised to learn, in traveling through the State, that general farming is not carried on at all, the soil generally being of a deep white sand, and fertilizing has to be resorted to in order to raise any crops at all. Oranges and vegetables are the principal things grown. Hogs are allowed to run at large generally, as well as cattle, but they do not thrive very well, and are of a very in- ferior quality and growth. The visitor is also impressed with the wild appearance of the country, and on looking out the car window tall evergreen pine trees and palmetto scrub meet the eye on every side. The saw palmetto, which seems to grow wild and thrive everywhere, grows to the heighth of 2 to 6 feet. My opinion, since traversing this State, and also nearly every State in the Union, is that there are less human beings living to the square mile of territory in Florida than any other State. Across the river from Palatka are the first large orange groves of any extent. An orage tree matures very slowly, it being from seven to ten years before much of a crop is harv- ested, and it hardly arrives at its full bearing before 15 to 20 years, when, sometimes, 20 boxes of fruit are taken from a single tree. Orange trees, unlike other trees, live a long time, and will bear abundantly for 100 years, with proper care and attention. In fact, the oldest inhabitants cannot tell, as trees have been bearing as long as they can trace back. The value of an orange tree cannot be told by looking at the grove. No one acquainted with orange culture will buy a grove without seeing the record of what they have produced in past years. All growers of any note keep a record of just how many boxes their orchards produce. Another important fact is, that a grove in growing may have good attention, but if neglected before it has attained its maturity, and left to grow wild a few years, no matter how much attention it may have afterwards, it can never be brought up to what it should be. A disease known as the "foot rot," which kills the trees, and an insect which pun-itures the skin of the fruit, producing what they call " russet fruit," are the greatest drawbacks to orange culture, with an occasional frost in some sections — which, if heavy enough, destroys the whole tree. San Mateo, a few miles below Palatka, on the St. Johns river, is where the first bee-man is located. It was Mr. A. F. Brown, who is one of the very few bee-men who carry on migratory apiculture. He has about 150 colonies of bees situated on the banks of the river. He came here in October, and by Dec. 20 he expected his bees to commence to gather honey from the swamp maple, which blooms until early in February, is not gathered for market, but used to get the bees in good condition for the orange-blossom flow, which com- mences early in February, and lasts sometimes until in April, according to the season. Some years the orange yields more nectar than others, but, without question, if this honey could 68 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 31. be kept separate, it would be the finest flavored honey pro- duced in the State, but bee-meu do not go to the trouble to keep it separate from the wild plants and flowers which grow everywhere which yield a nectar the honey of which Is a pecu- liar flavor, and spoils the rich flavor of the orange. The writer, in his travels through the State, has found only one man who has produced absolutely pure orange-blos- soiu honey, and that was only a small quantity. The flow should be watched carefully, and extracted daily, to secure pure orange-blossom honey. In April Mr. Brown takes his bees over to the east coast, where in May and part of June they gather honey from saw palmetto, and from June to August they gather the mangrove. The next stop was at Glenwood, one of the principal orange sections of the State. Here Mr. Brown had 160 colo- nies of bees from November, 1893, to April. 1894, and se- cured 80,000 pounds of mixed orange and palmetto honey. This place consists of one street for three miles, of solid orange groves on either side, the houses being mostly of frame set neatly in front of their groves of from 4 to 20 acres, with nice flower gardens and palm trees in front. The lawns do not amount to much in winter, as the grass mostly dies down, and the sandy soil does not permit the fine lawn grass to thrive like it does in the North. De Land, a few miles further south, is also a great orange center, Jno. B. Stetson, by having spent thousands of dollars here in improvements, has one of the most complete orange- packing houses in the South, as well as building a university, halls, ice factory, water works, etc. Yellow pine trees are more numerous through the city than most places. Here the writer thinks of locating a branch apiary to breed early queens for delivery in February, March and April, returning to Pennsylvania in May, in time to breed earlyquetns for that climate. Five miles further south is Orange City, where the Gard- ner Brothers' apiary is located, which produced, this year, nearly a barrel of honey to the colony, several colonies giving 400 pounds each. The writer would say right here that most of the colonies of bees in this State are what we would call double colonies in the North — 2 stories, 8 and 10 frames each, some with 12 frames, and both stories having most of the frames filled wiih bees. They then tier up in the honey-flow, sometimes four tiers high. Gardner Bros, are living alone, "batching it" on nice, high hammock ground. They have about 75 to 100 colonies of bees, and a promising young orange grove. Lake Helen, just east of here, is a beautiful place on the banks of Lake Helen, and in a solid grove of pine trees— a most beautiful location. Here resides Mr. Geo. W. Webster, another migratory bee-keeper, located a mile south of town. He moves his bees to Smyrna in the summer, bringing them back in the fall. Eleven 500-pound barrels of honey from 55 colonies was his crop in 1894. About 21 miles east of here is New Smyrna Beach, on the Atlantic Ocean, where the writer, on Dec. 11, had as fine a bath in the ocean as one would have at Atlantic City in Au- gust. New Smyrna is on the Hillsboro river, where the famous mangrove grows. It is a large bush, or bushy tree, growing in salt marshes, blooms abundantly, and yields im- mense quantities of a pure white honey that is considered the purest honey in the State; but, like all honey in the State, very little of it is gathered pure. A wild plant blooms at the same time and produces honey, and, mixed with mangrove, gives it a strong taste like tobacco stems. The writer bought several barrels of honey at the different places where the flavor was different, to take home and test it. I would say that three-fourths of the mangrove produced is mixed with this strong plant. Mangrove is very white honey, and easily candies, and in this condition could not be distinguished by its looks, when broken up, from confectioners' sugar. It is used here for sweetening coffee, tea, canned goods, etc. Very large apiaries are located on both sides of the river, a full description of which will be given in my next. One final thought as to the honey yield of the State in 1894 being such increase over previous years. It is explained by the fact that in 1886 a heavy frost killed the mangrove, or froze it all but the roots, and this is the first year since that it has commenced blooming. Also, about the same time cattle men in several parts of the State burnt off the palmetto to help the grass, and this has not happened in the last year or so. Each bee-keeper claims superiority for his own sec- tion, but only a disinterested party from another State can give a satisfactory explanation of the best honey and the best localities for producing it. A fuller and more detailed account will be given in my next communication. Against Certain Bee-killing Ideas. BY EDWIN BKVINS. Allow me space in your columns, Mr. Editor, for a few words of argument and entreaty in behalf of the threatened bees. There is no good reason perhaps why I should consti- tute myself their champion, for i remember some early exper- riences that were very disastrous to them, but the harm done was chargeable to Ignorance and not to design. Since those early days I am sure I have experienced some of the satisfac- tion which attends the transition from ignorance to knowledge and from knowledge to confidence, but my attitude is yet that of a learner at the feet of the Gamaliels of apiculture. It is because no one of those has yet opened his mouth in condem- nation of the gigantic bee-killing scheme of John McArthur, that I venture to open mine. Somehow I can't help looking upon this scheme as a piece of — shall I say it? — barbarity, that has no sufficient justification in human need. The man with ability to manage an apiary in a way to make a living out of it, is able to get his living in some way that calls for no such sacrifice. There is a genera- tion of apricultural writers, now passing oft the stage, who have labored long and well to teach us a better bee-morality, as well as better methods for the construction of our hives. Shall we profit by the mechanical part of their teachings, and pass by the ethical part unheeded? Are we going bacl< to the sulphur pit, and multiply it by a hundred? Is retrogression, and not progression, the order among bee-keepers from this time on? Mr. McArthur contends that there is the same justification for killing the bees that there is for killing the calf. I will contend otherwise. The two cases are not exactly parallel. In the case of the calf, it is reared for human food, if not as a calf, then at some later stage of its existence. It lives always with the slaughter-house in view. It owes everything to man's care and labor — shelter, food and all, from birth to death — and there is no way it can repay its owner for these except by surrendering up its life. It is not so with the bees. Their sustenance calls for little or no expenditure of human toil. They gather for themselves and us while living, sweetness that would otherwise be wasted on the desert air, and, when dead, their bodies are worthless for human food. Man has no just claim to any portion of their garnerings, beyond a reason- able compensation for the inexpensive house they live in and some labor given to protect them from winter's cold. If the flowers yield nectar in the future as they have in the past it is reasonable to suppose that the bees will gather enough for their own sustenance, and a surplus that will more than recompense man for all that he does for them. If they will not do this, then I say let us abandon the pursuit. In conclusion, let me entreat bee-keepers everywhere not to lend any encouragement to Mr. McArthur's bee-killing scheme, but, on the contrary, to stamp it hard and early with the seal of their reprobation. Leon, Iowa. That Italian Bee-History Controversy. TiY O. .1. ROBINSON. Mr. Editor:— On page 679 (1894) you apprise me that I am required to produce certified copies of certain records which you say are on file in the United States Department of Agriculture, to "sustain my position," alleging "that the United States lost more or less money in the transaction" — the so-called "Parsons importation of Italian bees." It appears that as yet you have not been fully and cor- rectly informed of the facts in the case at issue. Mr. Bald- ridge, you say, "claims to be in possession of the entire his- tory, but has, up to this time, (a period of over 34 years !) made no attempt to make it public, preferring to ' keep in the dark,' so as to draw me out," and then controvert my " state- ments "{?). He is " in possession" of awfully long-winded patience, but his knowledge of current bee-literature is very circumscribed, else he would have been aware that in 1861 I was called out in the Country Gentleman by E. W. Rose, Esq., of New York, who was the first iiuUindual that imported bees from Italy, landing late in the season of 1861, imported per steamer " New York," in care of a young Austrian (Bodmer), who came over in charge of the ten colonies consigned to the United States Government, and the ten hives consigned to Parsons. My "statements" about the consignments are corrob- orated by Mr. Langstroth — see American Bee Journal, page 82, 1881 — and by a perusal of the Annual Report — Public Documents — of the United States Department of Agriculture, readers may learn from Parsons' report to his chief that he purchased " ten hives of bees " in Italy on the order trans- 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 69 mltted to him by the Department, and ten hives on his own ac- count. Please note the "records" prove that Mr. Parsons did purchase ten hives of bees in Italy on Government account, the sa R as he was purchasing, as recorded by Dr. Riley, " cuttiii,. "d plants for testing in this country." Still further, Mr. Langstroth records that he saw in Par- sons' bee-yard in spring of 1860, " three different packages" of small boxes containing Italian bees which just came from Italy, and that " one of them was consigned to the United States Government and one to Parsons." Note, it is proved that Parsons purchased ten hives of bees on the Government's account, and that the package was duly consigned to the United States Government, and that the bees so consigned are landed in P.'s bee-yard, where they were — the package of boxes assigned to the United States converted by Parsons to his own use. Then what ? Xf the bees in the package consigned to our Government were not "oil dead!" they were the same as dead so far as Uncle Sam was concerned. However, it was reported, per bee-yard, that every queen in the Government package was indeed dead (?), and only "a few queens were alive in the boxes marked for Mr. Parsons." Now, my " position " was, and still is, that Parsons did purchase bees in Italy for which the United States Govern- ment " paid more or less money." The records referred to prove beyond a doubt that ten colonies of the bees — the same that were consigned to the Government — were imported at the expense of the Oovernrnent. Mr. Parsons was constituted a Department agent to make purchases of "cuttings, plants," and bees in Italy, and he reported, as the record shows, that in pursuance of the order he purchased for the Department ten hives of Italian bees and ten hives on his individual ac- count. This much of the history is not controveited. Mr. Parsons has never, I am sure, written a line relating to his, or that of the bees he purchased in Italy ; though at times since 1861 I have endeavored " to draw him out " and explain. The " position " taken by Mr. Baldridge, claiming that he " is in possession of the entire history of the " transaction by and between the Department and Parsons, is a gross assump- tion. He was in no way a party, and it is a plain impossi- bility for him to have personal knowledge of what was said and done by Parsons and the officials of the Department. His hearsay story could not be admissible in court, because he is incompetent — not able to give facts — yet he assumes the position. I took a part in prompting the Department to import Ital- ian bees, yet I have never published the senseless " claim " that I am in possession of "the entire history " of the impor- tation. I have given the known facts in the case, and drawn conclusions therefrom which implicate Mr. Parsons as having dishonored a public trust, and his would-be defenders on record culpable of wanton deception. Editor York demands that I "lose no time in having the records searched for proof in order to sustain my position,' that the Government " lost more or less money " expended to import the bees. The " claim " of Parsons is so improbable — so fallacious on its face — that it fails to counter and raise an issue. The "claim" made by Mr. Baldridge, is that Parsons, while in Italy serving as Department agent, purchased some bees for the Government as per order issued by the Depart- ment, that he paid for the bees out of his own money (did he pay for cuttings and plants out of his individual funds?), and that the Government refused to honor its obligation to pay for the bees, consequently Parsons took " possession of them." Mr. Langstroth assured me that the "Government bees were ■all dead !" and said that "one package was marked for (con- signed to) the United States Government ;" and in answer to my " insinuation " that Parsons had no right to take the bees to his yard and give it out that only a few of the queens were alive, and they were found in the " package consigned to Parsons," Mr. Baldridge, in the role of a pettifoger, "claims" that because the Government, as he asserts, did not pay him the alleged disbursement he had a valid right to the possession (custody) of the bees (?). Well, the "claim" is that the Government held off after P.'s long trip, to get satis- faction, but conceding that P. paid for the bees, he kept them — in a legal view, embezzled the Government's property; and how about " trying to get money from the Government " when the bees were in " his possession " — in fact, converted ? Does not the "claim," when viewed in the light of the facts in the case, look most unreasonable? Everybody well knows that Uncle Sam pays from one to ten or more hundred cents on every dollar of his obligations, and the " claim " alleging that Parsons had a just debt against the Government for moneys laid out and expended, and pay- ment refused, sounds, even to the most credulous, like an un- truthful excuse. You inform me that Mr. Baldridge will have more to offer. I hope he will fulfill the promise. I implicated him in a wrong in that he certified to what was impossible. I allude to Parsons' advertisement of Italian bees bred from queens that came from Italy in one of the " packages" — the advertisement is recorded in the early issues of the American Bee Journal, 1861. He challenged me to refute his statement, which I did to his satisfaction. Now, I in return challenge him to ex- plain, if he can, his " testifying fully, from actual observation, to the great superiority of this race (Italian) over the common bee," in the spring of 1861, prior to there having been seen a whole colony of Italian bees in America. I will not "search the records " for evidence to sustain my position "taken against Mr. Baldridge," for the editor can take up any of the early issues of the American Bee Journal and read the adver- tisement. Eichford, N. Y. Thunder-Showers and Nectar-Secretion, Etc. BY W. H. MORSE. While thinking on the swarming of bees, an item came into my mind which is not of much value in itself, but has great bearing on the honey-production and of course the con- duct of the bees. I expect almost all bee-keepers have noticed that the honey-flow is more copious when thunder-showers are in the atmosphere, or when the peculiar state of the atmosphere is such as to produce an abundance of ozone, as this gas is a great stimulant to vegetation, more especially to the flower, or, rather, seed organs — in fact, to such an extent that plants that refuse to be operated on by artificial hybridization will, when this gas is present in a large quantity, cross with varie- ties which it would be almost impossible otherwise to obtain. So we see that anything that will affect the stamen and pistil must of necessity produce the like effect on the nectary, hence a large flow of nectar ; and if the bees are equal to the emer- gency, every cell that is capable of being filled, is loaded in short order, and the results are preparing for swarming. I remember in June, 1893, such a time occurred. The air was oppressive, but clear, preceding the rain, which fell in torrents six hours later. The linden was in full flower at the time, and a friend remarked on passing me, that there was a swarm of bees in that big linden, and, as a result, I was under that tree in a short time, but the swarm was nowhere to be found, but there were bees enough in the tree to make a swarm, and they were working (seemingly to me) on double- quick time. The surplus arrangement on my hives was small — being one super for comb honey, the bees at the time having them half drawn out with comb ; the result of the thing was swarming, and I did not get 20 pounds from six colonies, but I did not intend to be caught in that order of things again. HOW LONG POLLEN RETAINS ITS VITALITY. While thinking over this scribble, it brings another item to my mind. I once experimented with pollen to see how long it would retain its power of fecundity, and found it perfect if stored in thin layers with tissue paper between them, and kept perfectly dry for eleven months. Take the pointer. Northern queen-rearers. Pollen would fill the bill better than flour. Florence, Nebr. CONDUCTED BY AIRS. JENlSirB ATCHLEY, BEEVJLLE, TEX. Report of the South. Texas Bee-Convention. [Continued from page 58.] As Dr. Marshall was interrupted near the beginning of his address by more bee-keepers arriving, at the same time, a committee was asked for to arrange the question-box for the next day, as there were not enough questions handed in by the bee-keepers to make a full box. W. R. Graham, C. B. Bankston, and P. A. Lockhart were appointed by the chair- man to arrange the list of questions. At the close of Dr. Marshall's address, as the committee was not yet ready to re- 70 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 31, port, W. R. Graham was called on to speak, and did so as follows : ADDRESS BY W. R. GRAHAM. Dear FrteTicZg ;— I never could talk, especially in public, but I will do the best I can. I will say that while there has been great progress made in apiculture, there are still millions of pounds of honey going to waste for want of bees to pather it. Nice comb honey is fine enough to adorn a king's table, and I olwayn find sale for all the section honey I can pro- duce, and I have noticed that when I have honey to sell, I can always feel a little money in my pockets, and when I have no honey I have but little money. From what I see here, it is one of the finest bee-countries I ever saw, and all you need is bees to gather the honey. You have one of the best teachers on bees, and not only one teacher, you have five teachers right here in the Atchley family, and you should be able to do well right from the start, and not have to grope along as we had to do without a teacher. Why, I do not know what I would have given 25 years ago to have had a teacher like Mrs. Jennie Atchley. I could have been worth much more than I am to-day. We may have large amounts of honey, but if we put it up In attractive shape, it will be as ready sale as cotton, or any other farm product. Take our State all over, and we have a wonderful bee-country. If I was young, like I once was, I would put an apiary here myself, as I see you have plenty of unoccupied ground. When I started out to keep bees "kings" were all the rulers the bees had, but since then the king must have died, as the queen now occupies the royal chamber. It is said that bees never change, but their government surely does, as I believe now that it is neither king nor queen, but a "mother- bee." I bring up these things to show you how dark it was for us old-time bee-keepers, and still we do not know it all, and likely never will, as there is yet lots to learn about bees. I think that any one may keep bees who wants to, as I do not think it is any harder to learn than any other business. I think one should understand bee-keeping before starting out too extensively, and in fact we should understand any kind of business before we embark too heavily, or we will most likely fail. My father was a farmer, and I can well remember, and yet hear the sound of the dinner horn in my imagination, ringing in my ears, and I thought it was the sweetest music I ever heard in all my life, to hear the horn toot, toot, toot, as I was always called on to go and hive the bees. Mother would not give many toots till I was soon on the spot. One time I was stalled; it was on a Sunday, and father and mother had gone to church, and left me and two sisters at home. Well, as usual, the bees swarmed, and settled pretty high up on an apple-tree. I went right up after them, and began to saw off the limb, and soon I had it near enough off to fall, but it was not clear off, and it came down against the body of the tree so hard that it knocked the most of the bees off of the limb, and oh, my! how they did sting; and soon I came tumbling down out of the tree a great deal faster than I went up, and no sooner had I hit the ground when I was running, and my sisters took after me with brooms trying to kill the bees, but the more they fought the bees, the worse they stung. But finally we got them to stop, but I did not hive them this time. My face swelled up almost past recognition, and as soon as father came he said to me, "Ah, yes, young man; they got you this time, did they ?" Father went out and hived them. The ne.xt day 1 had to fill my place between the plow-handles, and my face was so much swollen that it gave me great pain to walk at all, but I went right ahead as best I could, until father came and re- lieved me. I have been engaged in keeping bees nearly all my life, and I used to think, '20 years ago, that I knew it all, and have just lived long enough to find that I know but little yet. I always feel at home with a bee-keeper, and usually we find bee-men or bee-keepers to be good people. Come to think of it, I would love to have any of you show me a good bee- keeper that gets drunk, or that is not a temperate man. It seems that whisky and a bee-master won't stay in the same hide — as one goes in, the other goes out. Dr. Marshall remarked that the more people you have here to go into the business, the better, as you can all ship your honey off to market in carload shipments, and save in freights. For instance, I have lOUO pounds of honey and you have lOOO, and so on; we can put it together and make a carload, and be a great help to each other. I see no reason why 100 bee-men should not do well here in Bee county. 1 have heard that the bee-business was like music— born in the person— and I begin to believe it a little bit, as I have tried to teach several people how to keep bees, and the more I told them the less they seemed to know; and then, again I have found people that were very quick to "catch on," and soon learn how to handle bees. We cannot learn it all from books — we must depend on our judgment as well as books, and start out as though we meant to make It a success, and I tell you that it won't be long till you will be "right in the ring" ; and if you do run on some failures, don't tell everybody about it, but go to work and remedy the matter as soon as possible, without asking any one, and I tell you it will not be long till you will be a bee-keeper. We have no wintering troubles here, and that is one of the puzzling questions we can leave out. Do not understand me that I do not read books, for I do read all I can get time, and we should postourselves and keep right up with the times as nearly as we can. What I mean by not asking ques- tions, etc., is, we should not take up our own valuable time, as well as that of our teacher, asking questions about finding a queen on a comb where we thought she ought not to be, and write a great long letter asking why she was over there. All those tilings we call foolishness, and if we are going to be much of a bee-keeper we will work out these simple things ourselves. W. R. Graham. (To be continued.) CONDnCTED BY DR. C C. AIILLER. MAREXGO, ILJL. [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct.] Wants Basswood Sprouts. I would like to secure for next spring's planting about 50 or 100 basswood sprouts. Could you refer me to where I could get them at reasonable rates ? W. S. M. Farmington, New Mexico. Answer. — I don't know a thing about it. Perhaps they could be had from some near nurseryman. A few years ago a man in the State of New York sold them quite reasonably, but I don't know whether he does now. A good deal of in- quiry has been made lately, and it would be a good plan for those who have lindens for sale to advertise. Botanical Names of Some Common Plants. Did not Dr. Miller or the printers make a mistake in nam- ing the plants on page 39 ? Eiipntorium rolundifolinm is boneset or thoroughwort. Horehound is Mnrrubiuni vulonre. Black horehound isM. Bnllota Nigra. Uorsemint is Monarda punctata, and not piinciata as was given. The smartweed, which yields honey in this part of the country, is Polygonum Pennsylvanicum, and not P. persicarla. Persicaria, ladies' thumb, is a plant of the same family, but is only about one foot high, and does not furnish any honey. Or at least that is my opinion. The honey mesquite is Pi'osopis juUfiora. All of these ex- cept the last are according to Gray, and he does not give the mesquite. The catclaw I fail to find, and I doubt if this is the proper name. Emerson T. Abbott. St. Joseph, Mo. Answer. — Thanks, Bro. Abbott. The easiest way for me to do would be to lay the whole thing to that rascally printer, John the German. But I don't think John had anything to do with it unless it be that he turned "punctata" into " punciata." You are right, the common hoarhound is marrul>luni vul- gare, and that's the one I ought to have given, but it seems there are several horehounds, and I took the first one I came to. I confess I feel a good deal as If I'd been standing on my head after hunting up some of these names, for they seem considerably mixed up in the botanies and bee-books. For ex- ample, horsemint, in Wood's botany — I'm sorry to say I havn't Gray's — is Monarda punctata, and also M. fistulosa, and in Prof. Cook's Manual it's M. aristata. Are you sure you're not mistaken about Eupatorlxim rotundlfoUum ? According to Wood and the Standard die- 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOUHNAL. 71 tionary it's horehound, and not boneset or thoroughwort, which is E. perfoliatxim. I remember being somewhat mixed when trying to hunt up smartweed, and thinking at the time it was a Polyijonum, but I couldn't find any autliority for it, and you will see that you have become somewhat mixed yourself, for you tell me it is not P. pcrsicarla (Ladies' thumb), which I did not call it, but Persicnrid mite (Tasteless knot-grass). Perhaps Gray has turned all the Pei'sicaria into Polygona. Dadant's Lang- stroth calls smartweed Persicdrlu. As a matter of fact, I don't think it is a smartweed at all, but a plant that resembles smartweed in looks, but entirely wanting the terribly pungent taste that smartweed has. Pasteboard or Cloth Division-Board. I intend trying to keep two colonies in single hives ; would a division-board made of H wood frame with thin glassed pasteboard (with or without perforations), or with cottoi' or linen cloth, nailed on the frame, be better, or as good, as the all-wood or zinc division-board, as far as heat and non-varying is concerned ? H. D. Answer.— Better than either, if two are to be kept as sep- arate colonies, is a plain board K or % inch thick. I've kept many colonies in that way successfully, and if colonies are not very strong it is an advantage, for each has the benefit of the heat of the other, and they will cluster up against the division- board, the two colonies forming one sphere. Manag'ement When Hiving Swarms. A great many people advise when hiving a new swarm to take the super, already commenced in, from the old swarm, and put it on the new. They say that by so doing the bees will commence in the super at once. Now, if they do, will not the queen also commence laying in the sections? I use lull sheets of foundation in the brood-frames; perhaps that would make a difference. R. S. C. Answer. — The advice is good in the main, for the large part of the gatherers are with the swarm, especially if the swarm is placed on the old stand and the mother colony —or the souche as the French call it after the swarm has left — be put on a new stand. But some judgment must be used, and your questton shows that you have anticipated difficulties that may arise. There is danger in the very direction you suggest if you immediately put the super on the empty hive. If you use a queen-excluder between hive and super, then of course the queen caiVt go up. If you don't use a queen-excluder, then don't put on the super for two or three days, till the queen commences laying below. Wiring Brood-Frames and Putting in Foundation. 1. What is the best method of wiring brood-frames so that tke foundation will not bulge when being drawn out by the bees ? 2. How near should the foundation come to the ends and bottom of the brood-frames ? J. W. P. Answer.— Most of my combs have six perpendicular wires, the foundation fastened to the top-bar, and coming within ''s Inch of the bottom-bar, and within }i inch of the end-bars. It makes a good job so far as bulging is concerned, but the wires must be drawn quite tight to prevent bulging, and in that case It bows up the bottom-bar, and if the top-bar is only % thick, as my older ones are, it bends the top-bar too. All that I've wired within a year or two have four hori- zontal wires, one within about an inch of the top-bar, one within an inch of the bottom-bar, and the other two placed at equal distances between these. It is not necessary to draw these wires so very tight. With either of the two ways mentioned, there is an objec- tionable space left between the comb and the ,bottom-bar, and more or less between the comb and the end-bar. I'll tell you how I managed the last I made : They had the four horizon- tal wires as already described, and the top-bars, which were 1}^ wide and % thick, had a saw-kerf cut in them to receive the foundation. This saw-kerf was 5/32 wide and Ji deep. The foundation was cut the exact length of the inside of the frame, and 1/16 of an inch larger than the inside depth of the frame. The foundation was slipped into the saw-kerf, then allowed to come down and rest on the bottom-bar, then the wires were embedded. Left in that shape there would be sure to be bulging. So I cut out a strip of foundation % inch wide about 3i inch above the lower wire, but didn't cut the full length of the foundation, only cutting to within an inch of the end-bar. Where bees were working well, the plan worked perfectly ; in other cases they dug holes oyer the bot- tom-bar. On the whole, I like it best of anything I've tried. Propagating Basswood from the Seed, Etc. Will the basswood grow as far south as this, do you think? And what time would it probably bloom here, in northeast North Carolina ? Our sourwood blooms from about June 20 to July 15. Would I have to buy the trees, or can they be propagated from seed ? R. B. H. Answer. — I doubt if basswood flourishes as far south as North Carolina. Who can tell us how far south it is found? If it does grow there, I think it might bloom a week or two before sourwood. It isn't easily propagated from seed. TTniting Colonies of Bees. In your method of uniting colonies of bees by placing one colony above the other with a piece of thick paper between, you say allow both colonies their full entrance. What is to prevent the bees of the moved colony from returning to their old location and getting lost ? B- B. H. Answer. — Not a thing. It's a good bit the same as put- ting them on a new stand. So it is well to take some previous precaution. I've generally united two colonies standing side by side, in which case there is no trouble. In case the moved colony is queenless, it is more likely to stay where it finds a queen. But then in uniting, generally the thing desired is to get rid of an objectionable colony, and if some of the bees do go back to their old stand and unite with one of the nearest colonies, no harm will be done, providing it is at a time when bees are yet gathering something, and so do not seek a new home with empty honey-sacs. Now mind you, I don't warrant the plan a success. I only say it worked with me the few times I tried it. A writer in the British Bee Journal reports that he tried it, and his bees were killed. I have a suspicion that he allowed no exit for the bees of the upper hive except to come down through the lower hive. In that case 1 should expect fighting pretty gen- erally. ^ I ■■ Foundation in the Sections— Extracted vs. Comb Honey. 1. Does it pay to use full-sized foundation in the sections, or will starters do about as well ? 2. What per cent, more honey can be produced by extract- ing than by furnishing foundation and taking comb honey? Russellville, Mo. L- G. C. Answers.— 1. I think the majority of bee-keepers agree that it pays to get the sections as nearly filled with foundation as possible. It gives a larger surface that can be all worked at the same time. It makes the comb all worker, which looks better, and. besides, if you have only starters, and the bees make drone-comb to fill out, as they certainly will to a great extent, the queen may go up and lay in the drone-cells, where- as if all were worker she would be content to stay where she properly belongs. If you have excluder-zinc between the hive and super, of course the queen can't go up, but all the same the workers are expecting it, and are likely to leave drone- cells empty awaiting her, in which case the sections will not be so promptly filled and sealed. 2. I don't know. Nearly all agree that more extracted honey can be obtained than comb, although I think a few say they can get just as much comb. But those who say they can get more extracted don't by any means agree as to how much. It's all the way from a little more to twice as much. Even if you knew exactly the average that all would agree on, I'm not sure that it would be a correct guide for you. The fact that there is so much difference of opinion is pretty good proof that the thing varies according to circumstances or the man who runs it. The way for you to do, if you care to have a correct answer — and it may be worth a good deal to find out — is to take an equal number of colonies, of the same strength, give them the same chance, and at the end of the season you'll know something about it. At the end of three years you'll know more, and you'll know more by having 25 colonies of each kind than if you have only one. Of course, I mean one lot shall be run for extracted honey and the other for comb honey. 72 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. SI, PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, 58 FiStli AveniK^, - CHICAGO, ILL. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. tEntered at the Post-Offloe at ChlcaKo as Second-Class Mail-Matter.] OEOK-C3-B -W. "S-OR-K:, EDITOR. Assisted by the following Department Editors : Dr. C. C. Millek - - - "Questions and Answeks. Mrs. Jennie Atchley - - - "The Sunny Southland.' "Gleaner" .... "Among the Bee-Papers.' "Bee-Master" " Canadian Beedom.' Dr. F. L. Peiro " Doctor's Hints.' Vol. inv. CHICAGO. ILL,, JAN, 31, 1895, No, 5. Editorial Con)rr)cr)i$^ Xlie K.xiruoted Honej' Arlicle, by Mr. Chas. Dadant, is omitted this week on account of its not getting here in time. But the series will likely be completed in these columns in good time for use the coming season. A. Creat llee-IIive is what the Mammoth Cave, of Ken- tucky, is becoming. So says an exchange. Judging from what I have heard about its capacity, it would take a pretty good-sized crop of honey to fill it. Still, some of the California friends, in a good season, might doubt its ability to hold their big yields ! ■*-•-* •>•*• J. I*. H. llroM'n, of Augusta, Ga., wrote me as fol- lows on Jan. 17: "This has been the coldest winter since 1S86. This is not the ' Sunny Southland ' now." It has been pretty cold here in Chicago, also, this winter, but nothing very severe yet. I think that 8 degrees below zero is the coldest so far. Still, there is time enough yet for real cold weather here. Empty Coinl> sin«l <:^oiiil> Foundation will be val- uable in California this year. Mr. N. Levering says this about it in the January California Cultivator: There never has been a season since the introduction of apicul- ture in California when empty comb and comb foundation will be so highly prized, and their true worth so correctly estimated, as in the coming season of ]S',)5. Mr. %Vni. A. Sel!wa)' from the question in hand. And yet, what some other editor might consider an individual matter may be of interest to every reader of the American Bee-Keeper. Common sense must be used. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL FOB JAN. 10. Rev. E. T. Abbott starts out in a very interesting manner talking about comb honey, but does he know what a "swarm" he's likely to bring about his ears by his reckless way of striking at the pet plans and projects' of others? "Italians not best for comb honey," and "It is the swarming bees that gather honey." Whew! Look out for breakers. But please, Mr. Editor, don't allow Dr. Miller to interrupt any more with his frivolous objections. Seems good to have Dr. Gallup telling us about bees again. I'm sure "Business" must be very fault-finding if he can object to anything on page 19. Mrs. Harrison says sweet clover is classed among noxious weeds. Does that mean law? If so, it would be a good thing to have the law printed, for fear some one may unwittingly break it, and if there's anything unjust about the law it may as well be known, and possibly the law might be changed. What an aggravating man Prof. Cook can be when he tries! In that note on page 24 he tells us that he talks bees at every institute, and then shuts his lips tight when we're expecting him to tell how that thing was brought about. Conducted hy " IiEli-MA.STER." At the Stratford Coiiveiitiun. To-day (Jan. 22,) the annual meeting of the Ontario Bee-Keeper's Association commences at 1:30 p. m. Already, this a. m., there Is quite a gathering of the clans, and inter- ested groups are discussing matters and things in various parts of the Windsor House, which has been made headquarters. President Pickett is handing around a fine large picture of his apiary and part of his family, which is much admired. There Is much sympathy felt and expressed for F. A. Gemmill, whose health is in a poor state, so that he is seeking leave of absence from the railroad company for three months in order to take a trip to California. 'We are afraid a visit to that sunny southland may unhinge him, and lead him to go there " for good," as the saying is. J. Allpaugh, a prominent Canadian bee-keeper, is there now reconnoitering, and, it is said, he has fallen deeply in love with the country and climate. That "Rambler" man, who writes those vivid and funny California articles in Gleanings, is doing mischief unsettling folks. It is a pity he doesn't get married and stop wandering all over creation, picking out nice places for people to move to. Some of us are fixtures, and must console ourselves with the reflection that we can produce far bettor honey than the Call- fornians, though not In such large quantities. Tlic Best and Solidest Orsauization. The following "Stray Straw" will be found in Gleanings of Jan. 15th : " R. McKnight, in his St. Joe essay, says the Ontario Bee- Keeper's Association is ' the best and solidest organization of Its kind on this continent.' The worst of it is, that what he says is true. Yankees can't come up to Kanucks in that sort of thing." Why not ? Whatever man has done, man can do. Sivcet Clover — Cellar- Wintering. Sweet clover appears to be feared by some as a bad weed. It Is nothing of the kind here in Canada, but can be extirpated with the greatest ease if it is thought desirable to do so. But there is great difference of opinion among our bee-keepers as to the value of it as a honey-producing plant. g'-.^ Cellar-wintering of bees is preferred by many Ontario bee- keepers, especially in the more northerly parts of the country where the thermometer sometimes registers 10° or 12° below zero for a couple of weeks at a time. In other localities where the weather is more moderate, and there are spells of warm weather, out-door wintering in double-walled and chaff-packed hives is preferred, because of the opportunity thus afforded for beneficial out-door flights. During these warm spells, too, bees in the cellar are apt to become uneasy, leave the hives, and get lost. The JLambton Bee-Keepers' Convention. The annual meeting of the Lambton Bee-keepers Associa- tion was held at Wyoming, Ont., Saturday, Dec. 24th. There was a large number present, some of whom drove a consider- able distance. The President, Mr. Mowbray, occupied the chair. The minutes of last meeting were read and adopted, and the Secretary-Treasurer presented his report. The election of officers and directors for the ensuing year resulted as follows: — President, W. Mowbray, ofSarnia; Vice- President, C. Boyd, of Petrolea ; Secretary-Treasurer, J. R. Kitchen, of Weidmann. Directors, E. A. Jones and Geo. Forbis, of Lertch ; W. Granger, of Wyoming ; John Arm- strong, of Wansted. The President gave an address on " Bee-keeping of the Past, and Present." He showed that years ago the expense of the apiarist in securing a crop was less than at the present time, and that prices for honey were better. He also spoke of associational gatherings and how to keep up an interest. He wished to know the condition of the members' bees at the present time. "The reason," he says, " I ask this question is that my own bees are weak in numbers and are principally old bees, all on account of the short honey crop, which I am afraid will bring mortality to many a bee-yard." Some of the mem- bers' bees were in the same condition, while others were not, the condition of them varying according to locality. The President stated that had he attended to the bees as he should, he could have remedied the existing condition of affairs. A member : " How would you have remedied it?" " By feeding earlier in the fall, which would have stimulated brood-reariug and secured plenty of young bees to go into winter." The question was asked : "Has anyone tried the Wells' system of producing comb honey ?" Mr. Jones said that he had been trying some new experiments and that some of the neighboring bee-men had been laughing at him, but it was by experimenting that the industry advanced. During the past summer he had placed four separate hives in one case with one tier of sections above and queen-excluding zinc between. The bees from the different queens then freely mixed together In the one case of sections, but, as he stated, one poor season was not enough to test its merits or demerits. The next meeting will be held at Petrolea, on the second Saturday in May, 1895. J. R. Kitchen, Sec'y-Treas. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 75 moA]f^,.3^^ ^^^,^ i^ij^mr^ PUBLISHED WEEKI^Y BY GEORGE W. YORK & CO., J\.t One JJollnr a Year, 66 Fifth Avenue, CHICAGO, II.i;S. Postaire to all Countries In the Postal Union Is 50 cents extra. To all others, Sl.OO more than the subscription price. ta^ Hebblewhlte & Co., 369 George Street, Sydney. New South Wales. Australia, are our authorized agents. Subscription price, 6 shil- lings per annum, postpaid luiportaiit to All l!iubscribers. Xlio Aineri<'nn Itee .Journal is sent to subscribers until an order is received by the publishers for its discontinuance, and all arrearages are paid. AIwa.y!« Suite the Post-Offlce to which your paper is addressed, when writing to us. A trample t'opyof the Bee Journal will be sent FREE upon application. Hon' lo S«-no not ^Vrite anything for publica- tion on the same sheet of paper with busi- ness matters, unless it can he torn apart without interfering with either part of the letter. Liost IViimlters. — We carefully mail the Bee Journal to every subscriber, but should any be lost in the mails, we will re- place them it notified before all the edition is exhausted. Please don't wait a month or two. for then it may be too late to get another copy. Emerson Itiuders, made especially for the American Bee Journal, are conven- ient for preserving each weekly Number, as fast as received. They will be sent, post- paid, for 75 cents, or clubbed with the Am- erican Bee Journal for one year — both to- gether for $1.00. They cannot be sent by mail to Canada. BEESWAX WANTED ! For Cash at Highest Price ; Or In Sxcliaiige for Foil iidai ion at liowest l>rlce. Wholesale and Kftail. Don't fail, before buying or selling, to write for Prices and Samples— to GUS DirTBIEK, AUGUSTA, -WIS. Reference— Augusta Bank. IQAtt Oon-rentlon Notices. MiNNKSOTA.— The rcgularseml-annual meet- ing of the Southern Mmnesota Bee-Keepers' Association will lie held on the first Monday in May, 18!1.-). at LaCresceut, Minn. All bee- keepers Invited. E. C. CORNWEt-L, Sec. Winona, Minn. \Vi*coNSiN— The nth annual meeting of the Wisconsin State Hee-Keepers' Association will he held in the Capitol, at Madison, Feb. 6 and 7. 1895. All bee keepers are requested to attend, whether they receive a forn^al notice or not. H. Lathrop, Rec. Sec. Browntown. Wis. New yoRK.— The Cortland Union Bee-Keep- ers' Association will hold their Annual meet- ing at Good Temiilars' HaH, Cortland, N. Y., Saturday, Feb. 9. 1894. All interested, espe- ciallv bee-keepers, are cordially Invited to attend. C. W. Wilkins, Sec. Homer, N. Y. Kansas— There will be a meeting of the Southeastern Kansas Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion on March 16. 1895, at Goodno's Hall, in Bronson, Bourbon Co.. Kans. It isthe annual meeting, and all members are requested to be present, and all beekeepers are cordially in- vited. J. C. Balch, Sec. Bronson, Kans. California.- The California State Bee- Keepers' Association will hold its fourth an- nual meeting on Tuesday and Wednesday, February 5 and 6.1895, at the Chamber of Commerce, corner of 4th and Broadway. Los Angeles. Programmes will be ready Jan. 15. Prop. a. J. COOK. fres. J, H. Martin. Sec, Bloomington, Calif. KUDY'S PILE SUPPOSITORY Is guaranteed to cure Piles and Constipation, or money refunded. 50 cents per box. Send two stamps for i ireular and free Sample to MARTIN RUDY, R'fristered Pharmacist, Lan- caster, Pa. No PosTAi s Answered. For sale bv all first-class druggists everywhere. Peter Van Schaack & Sons. Kobt. Stevenson & (;o., Morrison. Phimmer & Co., and Lord, Uwen &Co.. Wholesale Agents, Chicago, Ills. Please mention the Bee Journal. Novl5 Frnit Plants. Where to buy them at "whole- sale pricfr^s. c?end pustiii for descriptive and ■wholesale catalogue of all of the leading- va- ripiiesof the Mr;i\vl>eri*les, Raspberries, Blai-kbcrriew^ i'lirrants. Gooseberries, (ira|>esan:rade8 moving slowly, trade being only on fancy; buckwheat slow at 8@10c. Extracted very dull, at 5@6c. Beeswax. 28@30c. B. &. Co. NEW YORK, N. Y., Dec. 31 —The demand for comb honey has been very light of late and has now almost dwindled down to nothing. The supply has been accumulating and there is a large stock on the market. la order to move it in round lots, it will be nec- essary to make liberal cimeessioos from rul- ing quotations. We quote: Fancy white. 1- Ibs.. 13c ; off grades, lie; buckwheat,. 9c. We have nothing new to report in extracted. It is moving off slow and plenty of stock on the market, with more arriving. Beeswax is steady and finds ready sale on arrival at 30o. per pound. H. B. & S. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers, Most of whom Quote In this Journal. Chicago, Ills. J. A. LamON, 43 South Water St. K. A. Burnett & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. Y. F. I. Sage & Son, 183 Reade Street. HiLDRETH Bros. & Segelken. 28 & 30 West Broadway. Chas. Israel & Bros.. 110 Hudson St. I. J. Strinoham, 105 Park Place. Francis H. Leggett & Co., 128 Franklin St. Kansao City, Mo. Clemoms-Mason Com. Co.. 423 Walnut St. Albany, N.Y. H. K. WRIGHT, 326 & 328 Broadwaj. Buffalo, N.Y. Batterson & Co., 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chas. Dadant & Son. Cincinnati, Ohio. C. P. MuTH & Son. cor. Freeman & Central a vs. A. Binder for holding a year's num- bers of tho Bee Jouknax we mail for only 75 cents; or clubbed wltb the JOUBNAL for $1.60. 76 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 31, Questiot;)'Box^ In the multitude of counsellors there is safety. — Prov. 11-14. Fivc-Bandcd vs. Tlirec-Banded Bees. Query 950.— Do the 5-banded Italians av- erse better than the 3-banded, or worse?— Texas. B. Taylor— I see no difference. W. G. Larrabee — I don't know. Dr. J. P. H. Brown. — Not one bit bet- ter. P. H. Elwood — I never had any 5- banded bees. E. France— 1 don't know. I don't want any Italians. G. M. Doolittie — Equally as good, or better, during 1894. Mrs. L. Harrison — I have had no ex- perience along that line. Jas. A. Stone — I never tried them to- gether, therefore I cannot say. J. M. Hambaugh — I have had no ex- perience with 5-banded Italians. W. M. Barnum — I really do not know. (The " three-banded " would be the ones /would choose, however.) H. D. Cutting — I have never seen any 5-banded that were any better than pure Italians with three bands. S. I. Freeborn — I never had any to try, but I doubt their giving any better re- sults than those with less bands. Eugene Secor — I doubt whether the very light colored bees are better than the darker ones for practical purposes. Mrs. J. N. Heater — I never had but one colony of five-banded bees, and they were so cross that I superseded the queen. Prof. A. J. Cook — I do not know, but I do not think that they do. Three good, plain bands on each bee, or every bee, is good enough. Chas. Dadant «fe Son — We have never had any success with the very bright yellow Italians. They do not seem so hardy as the others. Rev. M. Mahin — I cannot tell. I have no five-binded bees. The darker Ital- ians have shown some superiority over the lighter, with me. J. A. Green — Better and worse. They are not all alike. Some strains are bet- ter in almost every way, and some I wouldn't have at any price. Mrs. Jennie Atchley — As to honey- gathering qualities, I have found but little if any difference when all things are equal, as both are only Italian bees. E. L. Taylor— Having had the former for the past season only, I am as yet un- able to decide, but I have found them terrible robbers, and not gentler than my hybrids. C. H. Dibbern — I have had but little experience with the five-banded bees, but I have come to the conclusion that aside from their beauty, they are no improve- ment on the three-banded Italians. Rev. Emerson T. Abbott — I do not know, but, on general principles, I pre- fer the darker bees that are evenly marked. I would sell what the people want, and spend no time trying to con- vince them which is best. They will find this out for themselves. Life is too short to stop and argue the case with every customer who may not agree with you, and then It does not pay. Dr. C. C. Miller — I suspect that's a good deal like asking whether a bay or a brown horse is better. Breeding for color alone doesn't improve bees, and with care In other directions may do no harm. J. E. Pond — The dealers in so-called five-banded bees will say yes. I, for one, don't believe it. If you have good queens that produce three-banded workers, you have got as good as there Is, and won't gain by changing, in my opinion. G. \V. Demaree — Neither worse nor bet'er. If they are not weakened by In- breeding, they are just as good, but no better for honey. The yellow races of bees are superior to the black races — not because they are yellow, but because they are physically stronger, and capable of doing more work. Dr. G. L. Tinker — I think favorably of this new strain, and shall use the drones upon my Syrio-Albino stock next spring, as they are similar bees In pro- lificness and working quality. The five- banded bees undoubtedly contain Cyprian blood, as every queen-breeder who has bred the Syrian and Cyprian bees knows full well. SIMPLFY HATCHER & OimrLCA BROODER Combined. THE MOST PERFECT Incubator Made. Hatches every egg that a hen could batch; Regulates itself auto- matically; Reduces the cost of poultry raising tea minimum. Send for Illustrated Catalogue. ] 60 Eee size $1 6.00, SIMPLEX MANF*G. CO..Quincy.lU. IDTt Mention tlie A.inericon Bee Journal. . QMI •a'l'IIASNVAa 391395 A(x poqsiiqna ■Sioqotiax oisnj^ o^ noiinnpan "piifdisod ~3WOS ZX^VAV V- 6 XS3XV-I 3HJ. auvBH HOA aAVH COLS'S Illustrated CD pp I Garden Annual LULs CCCnO The Best and la- AtrijAtest Novelties v/i-umj ^Q Beans. Cobn. liETTUOE, Melon, Tomato & Seed Potatoes, Pansies , Sweet Peas. Save money ia buyixiK from U3. <'ompiete list. B^^Eitras with orders. Address COLE'S Seed Store, Pella, Iowa yi.Ht tUritiiiiii the ^-iiiicT'zvaii tiee JoiiniaL. You can Count your- CHICKENS Before they are Hatched I if you will use a Rood Incubator and a ROod Thermometer— both are essential to a suc- cessful hatch. A Guaranteed iDcubntor I thermometer by express prepaid lor 75c. Taylor Bros Co,, Rochester, N.Y. SuccESSFUi ; INCUBATOR UJ A oatdloeue givini; full^ information re^^ardine^ urtifljial hatohins andT brooding, also a treatlBe^ on poultry raisluB eentj FREE. Write now to ' Ces llolnea locsbator Co., Box 1 DK8 Moines, lA.' itfention the American Bee Journal. IDS * i„, t^susssssssi We Warrant" INCUBATORSi The Reliable* ToHfttcti 8n per centSsu RrGCLi-nNO if liurable, Correct In Prioclple. Leader ^ (It World's Fair. 6cti. in staispi for J new 112 p»ge Poultry Guide and CaU- * it l'>CTie. POULTRY FOR PROFIT m^de pliio, Bed-Rock Information, if if Reliable Incubator and Brooder CcQuincy, III. ir ifkifitirifir'k-kifk*iC'k**^iciriricififififif 13D13 Jtientioji Vie American Bee JournaU BEEKSHIBE, Chester White, Jerae; Bed and Poland Gbiaa PPIGS. Jersey, Gueroaey and ' Holstein Cattle. Thoroughbred Sheep. Fancy Pooltrj. Huntiog aod House Dogs. Catalogue. _, W. IjAUTHTCocEranTllle, Chester Co.. Penna. I IJ)26 Mention Ute American Bee Journal, ► THE BEST s> INCUBATOR; I often fails in its purpose becauBe of an inaccurate I . rei^ulation of heat. J or 15 years we have made a ' specialty of incubator thermometers that are un- t excelled for accuracy and sensitiveness. A. guar- anteed thermometer by express, prepaid for 75c. » TAYLOR BROS. CO. Rochester, N. Y.< ■ufiiu,u^n c/m .d-tn-tiiuxin Bk^ jiAirnOM. ONE MAN WITH THE UNION ^°-i':'^^^'°^ ("nil do the work of four men using hand tools, in Kipping-, Cutting-otf, Ml- trinfi. Rabbeting-, Groor- iny:. Gaining". Dadoing, Edging-up. Juintine Stuff, etc. Full Line of Foot and Hand Power Machinery, Sold on Trial. Catalogue Free. SENECA FALI^S MFG. CO., 46 Water St., SENECA FALLS, N, T, '25D1-2 Mtntifm the Amerirnn Bee JtiurndL HONEY FOR SALE. I have about 3000 lbs. of Basswood Honey for sale at 7 cents per lb., in 60-lb, cans, on board cars, I will guarantee it strictly pure. 2A John Wagner, Bueiia Vista, 111. llie Famous fREE A rerf.et Wonder. The BestTomato' tin 1 ho Wo""!*! and ju'^t what everyone wants.] Illxtreinpl)- l^nrly, benrs abundantly of the finest A flavored, blight red tomatoes and is dkiingiiKliodl HfroiM QllotUersbj- Its tree form, standing erect and re- a quiring no support at all. Wo one who has a gar- 1 Iden should be without it. , MAY'S MATCHLESS CUCTHVIBER ' A Superb Yarlely, Enormouhly productive, Growsi fc about 10 inches lonR, and is unequalled for si icing.' OUR EAJMOUS CKEAM LLTTUCii: It beats them all. Vcrycrisp and tender. Stands 'a long time before running to seed. I il^We wil 1 Bend post paid , a packet each of Extra lEarly Tree Tomato, MiUclilcse Cucumber, Creaml iLetuce. May's 30c. Certilicato, and our Illustrated J Bargain Catalogue [worth dollars to every buyer) |Of Seeds, Fruits and i Innts, containing Colored I Plates, painted from nature, and thousards of fc illustrations, all for only ten cents. ' mii^ F To every person sending lUc. for above Tomato!, k Collection and giving us the names and addrrssesg lof three or more of their friends whopurchasef TSeeds, Plants or Fruits, we will add, free, one| I packet of Mammoth Tomato, a magnificent variety 1 'of enormuBOBsize, often weighng 3 lbs. each. f I This is lb© most liberal ofTcr ever made by a reliable^ ' Seedsman, and no one ihould fall to take advantage oflU | IMAY & CO. nt;?,"* St. Paul, Minn., Mention the American Bee JouttuU. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 77 Largest Factory in the West. Goods;J;ue'^r>tiYowp^rLs-ourMo«o. We are here to serve you. aod will, if you give us a chance, falalogoe Free. Address, Mention this Journal. LEAHY MANUFACTURING CO., HiGGINSVILUE, MO. laiigstrotlirrBHoiiey-Bee -REVISED BY THE DADANTS- This mngniflcent classic in bee-literature has been entirely re-written, and is fully illustra- ted. It treats of everything relating to bees and bee-kecpinp. No apiarian library is com- Elete without this standard work by Rev. L. :. Langstroth— the Father of American Bee- Culture. It has .T'20 pages, and is substan- tially bound in cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.40; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year— both lor $2.15; or the book free as a premium for sending us 4 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at SI each G. W. YORK & CO., 56 5th Ave., Chicago, 111. Mejition ttie. A.rneii.can Bee Jourruu. California $^ If you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers. Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated, J'2,40 per annum. Sample Copy Free, PACIFIC RURAL, PRESS, 220 Market St,. - SAN FKANCISCO. CAL. Mentimi the American Bee Journal TheABOofBee-Cnltnro By A. I. ROOT. It is a Cyclopedia of everything pertainlnt to the care of the hone.v-bee ; It contains 40ii pages about 6!4xl0 inches In size, and nearlj 200 illustraiions. Now is your chance to pe' it -and not cost you a cent! The regul.n price of this book, bound in cloth, is $1.25 Below we tell how j ou can get it free: We will mall you a copy of ''AB Cot Bcc- Culture," bound in parciiment cover— a ve'-> heavy paper- FRKTi for sending us only Two ftew Subscribers to the America" Bee Journal for one year; or we will Club ii with tiiis Journal fur a year- both togethci for only SI, TO. We will mail you the cloth-bound book FREE for sending us only Four l>ewSub- fccrlbers to this Journal for a year; or we will club it with this Journal for a year— both together for only $2.10. Besides the above, we will give to each of the New Subscribers a Free copy of New- man's 1 60-page book—" Bees and Honey," Thi^ is a rare chance to get one of the most valuable text^books on bee-keeping publisned Hnvwhere. More than 50,000 copies of "A Ii 0 of Bee-Culture" have been sold during the past 15 years s nee it was first Issued. No other bee-book has reached anything like so great a circulation as this. G. "W. YORK & CO., 56 5th Ave., Chicago, 111. R/ifl PtiDnnfltj- Stampeders. Cheap but good. Dt/C"Ii»Ca|)i;s 8 cts. each; 12— 7oc.. postpaid. Queen - Catcher i.^'f/try m?rl: 25 cents each; 12. $2.50. postpaid. Instruc- tions with each. M. O. Office, Los Angeles. 15Dtf C. W. Dayton, Florence, Calif. Me^itlon the A.mertcan Bee Journal. ARE YOU LOOKING For the BEST in Bee-Hives, Sections, Cases, &c.? It so. drop us a Postal and we shall be pleased to I ti D I rilJIV Tft WqfArfikUrn Wie send you a copy of our 1895 CatalofrDcaud Price-list. | W. D. Ll/IIIiS tU., ndHJllUnil, UlS. Mention the American Bee Journal. ii I TOLD YOU SO. »» MBS. AtChley:— The 19 1-frame Nuclei I bought of you last year with Untested Queens, gave me 785 lbs. of section honey and 175 lbs. of extracted honey, besides some unflnished sections. The best one gave me 120 one-pound sections well filled. Heber, Utih, Oct, 0, 1894. J. A. Smith. Now. didn't I tell you it would pay to ship Bees north to build up and catch the honey- flow? Beesbytlie Pound, on a Comb and Honey to last the trip— $1.00; 10 or more Pounds 90o, per pound. iNUCIjEI— $1.00 per Frame; 10 or more Frames, 90e. each. Untested Queens to go with them [same as Mr. Smith got] 75c. each. HIMTESTKD QUKENS— bv mall, either l,eather-Colorcd Italians, 5-BandN, or Carnlolans— $1.00 each; S5.00lo"r6; $9.00 per Dozen— till June 1st., then 75c. each; $4.25 for 6, or $8,00 per Dozen. TESTEO QIIEEINS- 3-Bands, $1.50 euch: 5-Bands and Carnlolans. $3.50 each. Fine Breeders, of either race, or Imported Queens, $5.00 each. My Straight 5-Band Breeders. $10.00 each. Fill,!, COliONIES— with Untested Queens. J6.00 each. Send for Prices aud Discounts to Dealers, and by Ilie Quantities. I have the only ^ indatlon, and ^ anteed on everything. Foundation, and MC3111 I)C(!-||1V6 rSClOry Bingliaui Smokers. Safe arrival guar- Texas. Root's Goods, Dadant kers. Safe arrival i Send for Free Catalogue, that tells all about Queen-Rearing. JEJVNIE ATCHL.EY, Bccville, Bee Co., Tex. Doctor^s J-iir)ts By DR. PBUtO, CJiieag-o, 111. Inner Soles for Shoes. The silk side of old "stovepipe" hats makes very warm inner soles to women's shoes— just the thing for winter wear. Children's "Nighties." Children should have warm woolen " nighties " on going to bed cold nights. It is cruel to send them to bed to shiver. Mouth-Wash for Sore Throat. A weak tea made from poke-root, fresh or dried, and used as a gargle is a splendid mouth- wash in any form of sore throat. Acorn-Tea. Acorn-tea is a fine remedy for diarrhea- especially affecting children in summer. A teaspoonful every hour, a little sugar added. Emetic for Poisoning. A teaspoonful each of mustard and salt, in warm water drank down at once, is the best emetic in case of accidental poisoning. Purifier of the System. Lettuce and dandelions mixed, cooked as "greens," are not only nutritious, but a good purifier of the system. Eat plenty of them, Liver Tonic. Strained raspberry juice with equal part of lemon juice is an excellent liver tonic. Take a teaspoonful before each meal, and on going to i^ed. ATOId Wet Feet. Wet feet should be carefully avoided. Shoes soaked in warm tallow, soles and all, over night, make them wear much better, and are more waterproof. Quick Cure for Bad Cold. To quickly stop a bad cold mix a table- spoonful of honey with as much lemon juice in a big pint of water, dusting into this a little cayenne pepper. Drink at once, and keep warm in bed. Causes Neuralgia aud Toothache. Exposure to a crack in the window or door is more dangerous than a full draft from either. It is the small forced currents of air that more often occasion neuralgias of the face and toothache. Bath for Aches and Pains. To make a bath especially effective in case of acbes and pains, make a little bag of a tablespoonf ul each of salt and mus- tard, turn the hot water on it, and when cool enough jump in for ill minutes. Preventing Gail-Stones. A very small piece of May-apple root, eaten night and morning, is very successful in curing and preventing the formation of gall-stones. Such calculi, when passed, cause excruciating pain, like a terrible colic. For Scald-Head. Scald-head in children is best cured by preparing a pint of boiled linseed oil in which a tablespoonful of gum camphor has been dissolved by boiling. Saturate a linen cloth and keep on the head, day and night, until well. A cap can be worn to protect 78 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 31, Qci;)eral Itejrjs* Back from "Sunny SoutWand (P)." I came back from the Sunny Southland on Jan. fi, being gone 20 days, and traveled 8,400 miles. " Sunny Southland " is now a misnomer for me, as I saw about 4 inches of ice about 10 miles southwest of Beerille, Dec. 20. My host's banana trees at Beeville "got fits" the night of Dec. 28. I will write up my trip for the American Bee Journal as soon as the report of the bee- meeting at Mrs. Atchley's is out. She may forget something which I can tell. C. Theilmann. TheOmanton, Minn., Jan. 23. Favorable Season— Banner Colony. The last was a very favorable season for honey in this part of Colorado. Last spring we had 10.5 colonies of bees, and harvested 11 tons of fine white honey. Our 209 colo- nies of bees are in fine condition on the summer stands, where they always do well. The)' have a flight almost every week all ■winter. Although the mercury went down to 6 degrees below zero two days ago, the bees can fly to-day. I have what I think is the banner colony of Colorado. [ put it into the hive (8-frame) June 10, and in three weeks it filled its hive and six supers. During the season it tilled 14 supers of 24 pounds each, making 330 pounds of fine comb honey. Can anybody in Colorado beat that ? J. D. Endicott. Abbey, Colo., Dec. 28. Did Better than His Neighbors. My crop for the past year was a little over !500 pounds of comb and extracted honey. I sold it at 10 and ISJ'o cents, here at Greenville. My increase was one swarm ; it issued the first day of September, and 1 hived it on drawn comb; they filled up suf- ficient for winter. I visited one of my neighbor bee-keepers about 2 miles northeast ; he said that he did not get any honey from his bees — 28 colo- nies. 1 have another neighbor 2 miles north- west. He got 75 pounds of honey from 1.5 colonies; and two others, 2 miles west, with 30 colonies, got nothing in the way of honey to amount to anything. Several others are on the same line, so it seems that I am in the best locality, or have managed differently from them. I notice on page 814 (Dec. 27, 1894) the " l)oiling down " process. The process may be all right, but I don't think that a man ought to be boiled down so thick that be can't move at all! "We are having some very cold weather now; if it continues long it will be very destructive to the bees in this section, as they are not very well protected from the cold. A. C. Babb. Greenville, Tenn., Jan. 1. An Experience with Bees. My experience with bees is not very ex- tensive, but I have for n number of years had a colony or two. Sometime in the sev- enties I began with the movable frame, known here as the Champion hive — frames 11x12 inches, inside measure, top-bar 12;?^, front end I5i.< inches, and rear end piece 13% inches, to fit a sloping bottom, set in so astodropli'i inches in front, suitable for the above frames leaving a bee-space below. The upper story, or cap, fits smoothly on the hive, being 0 inches deep, with 8 frames (one a 'olank or board at one side) for sur- plus honey. This was u great improvement on the old box. Going on in this way for some few years, until one severe winter most of mine and my neighbor's bees died, and from that until the autumn of 1873 I had only one or two colonies. Then bought 8 more, some of them in the Champion hive, but transferred them last spring to the Langstroth hive. I have now 11 colo- nies. I took only 05 one-pound sections of honey this year. The season was too dry for honey. I have my hives boarded up on the north, and a roof over them, and packed with straw between the hives and behind them next to the boarding on the north, leaving the front open. I fed three colonies some sugar syrup, thinking they were rather short of stores, and I think now my 11 colonies are all pretty strong, and well supplied for the winter. Geo. McCnLLOuon. Braddyville, Iowa, Dec. 31. Bees in Good Condition. Bees are in good condition up to date, although we had a light blizzard here last week. J. B. Griffin. Cat Creek, Ga., Jan. 8. 'Worst in Eight Years. This has been the worst year for bees in my experience of 8 years. I had 23 colo- nies, spring count, put 23 into wiuter quar- ters, and got about 200 pounds of surplus comb honey. S. C. Booueu. Danbury, Iowa, Jan. 5. Late Swarm on a Stump. About Nov. 1, 1894, I transferred a swarm of bees from a willow stump, fence hight, and they are all right yet. I winter my bees on the summer stands, with chaff- packed winter-cases. I have 40 colonies in good condition. I could not get along without the Ameri- can Bee Journal. J. F. Wiuth. Rickel, 111., Jan. 7. Another Boy 'Who Likes Bees. I see in the Bee Journal that Chas. San- ford has written a letter. I have no bees, but I have been working for the Boulder and Weld counties' inspectors the past sum- mer. Mr. Sanford says that they have their bees all in the cellar. It is so warm here that all the bee-keepers have to do is to fill the upper story of the hive with straw or chaff, and leave the hives on the summer stands all wiuter. I am thinking of getting some bees and going into the business, as I am interested iu the sub.iect. Arthur Angell. Longmout, Colo., Dec. 31. Separate Colonies 'Working as One. One of my neighliors has two colonies of bees whose hives are on a stand with a 3-inch space iietween them, that have worked back and forth just as one colony all summer. Each colony produced one case of comb honey. If any of the old bee- keepers have ever seen anything like it, let them talk out and explain. Bees did very poorly here this year. I got only 200 pounds from 14 colonies, spring count, and increased to 24. Henry Sutherland. Bainbridge, Mich., Jan. 3. Season of 1894 in Washington. I started the season of 1894 with 10 colo- nies, spring count. They commenced swarming May 17, and on June 0 they had cast 12 swarms — 7 out of the 12 absconding after being hived. The hives contained foundation and one frame of brood each. One swarm worked uicely for three days then pulled for the woods. The question is, was I at fault, or were the bees '■ Coxey- ites?" My bees are hybrids, and extremely sharp at one end. By dividing and by natural swarms, I came out in the fall with 18 colonies, 1,000 pounds of white section honey, and the bees in fair condition for winter. I keep my bees in an open shed on account of so much rain. I have half of them housed this win- ter, and the rest are on the summer stands without any packing The American Bee Journal is a welcome weekly visitor, which is well worth its cost. TnOS. WlCKEBSHAM, Wickersham, 'Wash., Jan. 1. The Season of 1894. I could not get along without the " old reliable " American Bee Journal, and I like its last form better than the previous one. I have .58 colonies of bees on the summer stands, and they are all right so far. Last year I worked 40 colonies, and I got 1.200 pounds of comb honey, and plenty for them to winter on. I won't increase any next summer, as I don't want to overstock my locality. I have sold all my honey down to about 200 pounds, in the home market. Henry K. Ghesh. Ridgway, Pa., Jan. 7. Expects a Good Crop this Year. The past season was not a good one for honey, but I got some surplus from my 5 colonies. What little surplus I have came from sweet clover. It is the plant for this country. I lost oue of my black queens, and sent for a queen from a Texas queen- breeder, and introduced her successfully. Cross they are, but she is a good breeder, and has fine workers. I expect a good crop this year. 'White clover is looking fine. The American Bee Journal is a welcome visitor to our house. My wife and 1 take much pleasure in reading it. G. W. Hanson. Lawrence, Kans., Jan. 1. Single vs. Double Walled Hives. I was greatly surprised in looking over a late issue of the Bee Journal, to see so many hands up in favor jf single-walled hives. I usually omit reading essays on successful wintering, and the various methods for spring protection, and wondered why the papers were burdened with such stuff. But so long as many readers like to play "freeze out'' with those shallow-depth shells, such articles will be in demand. Here in old Pennsylvania, the least of the honey States, where we are forced to feed three or four years in succession to keep up an interest in the pursuit, I have tried the single and double walled hives, side by side, and can say for the former that in a mild winter they do fairly well, but when the old-fashioned winters drop down upon us, we need nothing further to demonstrate the fact that a chaff-lined hive, with a thick chaff cusion, is the key to successful wintering of bees. A. B. Baird. Belle Vernon, Pa. Experience with Dequeening. Notwithstanding the poor season of 1894 my honey crop was something more than 40 pounds of nearly all comb honey per colony, spring count. I owe much of this to dequeening, as the new swarms made but little headway in the sections before the dry weather overtook them. I think highly of dequeening, having had three years' experience along this line, and know that more honey can be obtained than by letting the bees swarm, and with less labor and capital : and increase can be controlled just to our liking. And, my! such queens as I can get. I wish I could tell you all about it, but I am no author. C. H. Chapman. Cohoctah, Mich., Jan. 7. [Don't you worry about being "no au- thor," Mr. Chapman. The American Bee Journal is more anxious to publish helpful bee-information than simply brilliant liter- ary productions. I hope every one who has anything good to tell will not hesitate on account of lack of literary education, but just write out what they want to say in the best manner they know how, and send it in. Go ahead. Mr. Chapman, and set some other people a "good example" to follow. Tell all of us how you get " stich queens," and about dequeening. — Ed.] 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 79 '^M^^ ,^;f,^^^^ %mmi Wim BY n. W. BUCKBEE. The question of the hour is, How can I make money? These have indeed been trying times, and the question has been a perplexing one, but I think I have a solution of it, which many of you would do well to follow. As now is the accepted time to begin this line of work, a few timely hints I trust will not come amiss. My suggestion is this: Put a little time and money into the right sort of a mar- ket garden, and supply the large North- ern markets with desirable early vege- tables. Tomatoes. — There is money in this very popular and quick-selling vegeta- ble, and if your present line of merchan- dise does not meet with ready sales, try this line that promises profitable and quick returns. The wholesale price on early ship- ments run as high as 25c. per pound on the Chicago markets, but even taking 5c. per pound as an average, I know of nothing that will turn more clean cash, net, per acre. Tomatoes at even Ic. per pound beats wheat at $2.00. Tomato seed may be sown in hot beds at once and grown in heat until the sec- ond leaf appears. Then transplant same into cold frames 2x3 in. ' \M| apart, and hold in good stock ) Londition till the time for K^ outside planting arrives, tak- care not to over water, and giving all the air and light possible. When the time for planting to the open ground arrives, set them so as to admit of horse cultivation both ways, which will save all hand hoeing and other needless expense. They should be given good cultivation while grow- ing. Shipping. — As Northern markets com- mand the highest price, have your ar- rangements made with a good reliable commission merchant to handle your produce. The crop should be packed at just the right stage, so as to admit of its carrying properly. The boxes for packing should be light, neat and attractive. Nothing but first- class stock should be packed. By deal- ing honestly and furnishing fine stock only, you will stimulate a demand for your goods, for when a buyer can de- pend upon a grower, his goods will al- ways find a ready market. I would rec- ommend as a few of the best varieties the following first-class sorts: Buck- eye State, Atlantic Prize, Biickbee's Tree, Favorite, Beauty and Dwarf Aris- tocrat. Radishes. — This is another most pro- fitable vegetable, and from three to five hundred dollars can readily be realized per acre from this vegetable alone. They mature in from twenty-five to thirty days, under favorable circum- stances, and if well grown and placed in Northern markets in K^ January, February and March, they will find ready sales. Some of the finest varieties are as follows: Rapid Forcing, a fine scarlet turnip va- riety, which matured in twenty days on our Rockford Seed Farm the past sea- son; Rosy Gem, a most beautiful white- tipped scarlet turnip variety, matured under same conditions in twenty-three days after planting. Then comes tbe famous Chartier, a white-tipped, long, scarlet, which is a great favorite wher- ever grown. The seed may be sown in drills % toj^ in. deep, with a distance of 14 to 16 inches between rows, so as to admit of hand cultivator, which every gardener is supposed to have. The ground must be rich, so that this vegetable may be grown as rapidly as possible. Give same careful attention to packing and shipping as mentioned above, and you will be repaid for your labor a hundredfold. Limited space prevents my writing of numberless other vegetables that, han- dled with the same careful attention, will yield equally as good results. Here is success to you the coming sea- son. Rockford Seed Farms, Rockford, 111. C^:XX»XXXT««»X«TTXXyrrTyTTITTTTTTTi Illustrated Catalogue free upon application. McxiUon the American Bee J oimial. In-Door & Out-Door Brooders. 112 FIRST PREMIUMS. Send lor 114-page Illustrated Prairie State lucii bator Co. HoMEK City, Fa. Mention the American Dee JvA^rvjil- FARMERS, Send ]0 cents in U. S. stamps and have your name and address printed in our Special Far- mers' lUrectory— which goes whirling all over the United States, to manufacturers and business men of all kinds. It will bring you mail in the shape of letters and reading- matter of all kinds, from the four cor- ners of the land. Your name inserted in three Directories for only 25 cents. Give us a trial— we guarantee satisfaction. A free copy of tbe Directory sent to every name received. THE FARMERS' DIRECTORY CO. 23—1643 Champa, Denver, Coi^O. Mention the American Bee JmimaK THE A. I. ROOT GO'S GOODS IN MISSOURI 32-page Catalogue Free. 4Atf Joliu INebel ^V Son, Hi.— I have received a num- ber of very cordial invitations to attend certain conventions of bee-keepers, held in various parts of the country, and truly I should indeed be glad if I could accept them, and be present at the meetings. Not that my presence would add to the interest or profit of the meetings, but I would personally enjoy so much get- ting acquainted with the bee-keeping friends, and I would also gain bee-information that would be of much advantage to me. But at present I will have to forego the great pleasure I would have in gratifying the wishes of my friends and my own enjoy- ment, for no one outside of those acquainted with publishing a weekly paper, can have an idea of the constant "grind " necessary to get the American Bee Journal out, and " on time," each week. It requires my closest attention, both day and night, and has been so ever since I first became its editor and publisher — June 1, 1892. Some day, when I get the old American Bee Journal just where I want it (in its contents and office management), I expect to be able to devote some time to attending bee-convention, and in forming an acquaintance with the bee-friends and their various localities. Until that time, I must content myself with constant toil, hoping that that "good time," so long looked forward to, will come not many years hence. i^ynipatiietic and Consoling %Vords have come from many sources to Mrs. York and myself in our recent bereavement, and we want to assure all of our friends that their kindly interest and expressions have been greatly appreciated. I am so glad to know that bee-keepers are not so selfishly racing after the dollars and cents that they have no time to stop to speak a word of com- fort or do a kindly deed. Among the numerous " treasured mem- ories" received, there is room here for but one, which reads thus: Dear Friends: — I know how impossible it is to silence your grief with words. I am also made sad to learn of the death of your sweet little baby girl. Your hearts plead for utterance in tears, and let them speak thus. I bow in sorrow at the taking of your little one, feeling that while the ripened fruit may be gath- ered, it seems cruel that the bud should be taken before it has even opportunity to unfold its blossom. But in Nature fruits fall, and so do blossoms and buds. In the ways of kind Nature this is per- haps best, and in the taking from your arms of this little one, you should try to accept the cross and bear it, believing that the bud will yet blossom and bear fruit in the Angel Land, whither the spirit of your pure child has so early flown. Your friend, Jennie Atchley. Flying- Colors.— Editor Hutchinson, of the Bee-Keepers' Review, had this as the first editorial item in his January number: The American Bee Journal has changed its form, reduced the number of its pages, but made them correspondingly larger, is using a better grade of paper, has secured some excellent con- tributors, and two more sub-editors, and, all in all, starts the new year with flying colors. Thanks, Bro. H. Those " flying colore," though not seen dis- tinctly, are represented by the United States flag, found on the first page of each number of the American Bee Journal. It waves "Success" on every breeze, To all our friends who now keep bees. Tito ^Visconsin Convention, at Madison, on Feb. 6 and 7, promised to be a very interesting one. I noticed, by the printed program sent me by Pres. Franklin Wilcox, that not a single essay is to be read- simply one big question-box, in which all can " take a hand." My, what a fine opportunity for Dr. Miller to enjoy himself. I hope he has been invited to be there, for a convention with no essays at all would simply "make his mouth water" for a whole week before and after. I shall be glad to see the report of that Wisconsin convention. They have some good bee-keepers in that region. Mr. .lolin llitilord, of Perrysburg, Ohio, has recently suffered great affliction in the loss, by death, of his son " Frank," 19 years old, and the main help in the bee-yard. Mr. H., having only one arm, he will miss his helpful boy very much, besides en- during all the sorrow. A Correction. — Between the 3rd and 4th lines below the first illustration on page .51, put in these words, and it will be as it was intended : hiuUIh iriie dovetailed juiut. In the 7th line below the same picture, read make for " made," and it will be as Mr. Abbott bad it in his "copy." I 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 89 /VjTjoi^g \\)€ Bee-Papers Conducted bj- " GI.EA2VER. A " BEE-SPACE" CONSIDERED. "A ?8 inch space is not a bee-space. Just half that room is a bee-space. When more than 3^ 16 of an inch space is allowed, then the bees will utilize the room for drones or what is called brace-combs." — Apiculturist. For a long time % was the orthodox thing, then it got worked down to U, and the " AB C of Bee-Culture" called it a scant }-4, but this is the 6rst time I remember to have seen it called 3/16. If bees will not plug propolis into 3/16, then Alley's space is best. SEALED COVERS DEFENDED. E. France comes to the defense of sealed covers, in Glean- ings. He has used them successfully for 30 years. Recovers the hive with an inch board, then puts over that straw i to 0 inches deep in the upper chamber, throwing away the straw in spring. EIGHT OR TEN FRAME HIVES — WHICH? The discussion as to size of hives doesn't seem settled. E. France says in Gleanings that he's on the fence. He runs his bees in hives three stories high, some of them having 2-4 frames, and some of them 27. He hardly knows which he likes best. He keeps the lowest story tilled with brood, extracts from the upper two, and if he finds brood above he puts it down, or uses it to make new colonies. BEE-KEEPING IN CUBA. 200 to 500 colonies can be kept in one location ; one man can manage TOO or 800 colonies by having an assistant during extracting time ; but buyers pay only 20 to 50 cents a gallon for honey, or 2 to 5 cents a pound. So says Fred L. Craycraft in Gleanings. THE EUCALYPTUS OF CALIFORNIA. Prof. Cook is quite enthusiastic in Gleanings over a tree in California that he has found his bees at work upon during the many bright warm days of October, November and Decem- ber. It is Eucalyptus longifoUa, has very showy and beautiful flowers that are creamy white, and continues in bloom ten weeks. Another eucalyptus, probably E. rostrata, is said to be very fatal to bees, Mr. L. L. Pond having taken gallons of dead bees from beneath the blooming trees. SCOTT'S super LIFTER. Geo. G. Scott's arrangement for raising supers (see page 34) will work nicely with little power, but why doesn't he go on and finish up telling what is to be done? For with the super raised above the hive we are still to do all the work that we would have to do without the lifter. What's the rest of his plan ? On the whole, isn't it lietter to have something lighter than a super with 56 sections? And yet I know that some good crops of honey have been harvested with those same seven wide frames, of eight sections each. BEE-PARALYSIS AND THE DRUG CURE. Adrian Getaz treats the matter (see page 34) as though quite familiar with his subject, and leaves it in rather a hope- less condition, sinless it be that he thinks some drug maybe efficacious to cure both paralysis and foul brood. Good authorities have said that it is useless to look to drugs, but cures from drugs have been reported, and if enough of them come well authenticated, we may still put some trust in them_ Mr. Getaz objects to formic acid, because bees always have it, " and if it was such a good cure bees never would be sick." But the very fact that it's a staple article with bees is used an argument by others that it's good for foul brood, and that there may be a shortage of the supply, and then comes disease, when the bee-keeper can set things to rights by making good the deficiency. .STOPPING FURTHER SWARMING. Jas. Poindexter's essay (on page 36) is a model essay, packed and compact. I'm sure a good many will want him to answer the following questions: How many cases have you treated in the way you describe after the bees have swarmed ? What per cent, swarmed again after the treatment? What per cent, killed the old queen after her release, and sent out a swarm with a young queen ? Conductetl ;>v " linU-MASTER." The Ontario Bce-Kecpers' Convention. The Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association held its annual meeting in Stratford, Jan. 22, 23 and 24. A large attend- ance had been expected, but, owing to stormy weather, many were prevented from coming who had fully intended being there. Those present, however, entered heartily into the spirit of the occasion, and the proceedings were full of in- terest. The retiring President, Mr. A. Pickett, of Nassagaweya, in his opening address, reviewed the past honey season, which, owing to great heat and prolonged drouth, had not been a prosperous one. On the whole, not more than half a crop had been obtained. Feeling reference was made to the lamented death of Mr. S. Cornell, of Lindsay, the able Secretary of the Association. Much benefit had been reaped by the honey in- dustry from Provincial legislation, especially the Foul Brood and Spraying laws. Regret was expressed at the rejection by the Dominion Senate of the Pure Honey Bill. There had been much dissatisfaction at the non-receipt of the prizes won by Ontario bee-keepers at the Chicago World's Fair, but the as- surance had been given that they would not be delayed much longer. CONVENTIONS — MAKING THEM MORE SUCCESSFUL. A. W. Sherrington, of Walkerton, read an essay on "Con- ventions, and How to Make Them More Successful." He ad- vocated bringing new men to the front and infusing fresh life into the proceedings. A discussion on the essay resulted in a resolution to appoint a committee on programme, and to make earlier arrangements. SPRAY'ING FRUIT-TREES. Prof. Fletcher, of the Ottawa Experimental Farm, spoke on the subject of spraying fruit-trees. The results of his ex- periments had proved that bees are liable to be poisoned if fruit-trees are sprayed with arsenical compounds while in bloom ; that the danger is increased if the weather is propi- tious for activity on the part of the bees ; and that spraying is no benefit to the fruit-trees until after the bloom falls. The spraying law, now in force in Ontario, is therefore in the in- terest both of bees and fruit. FOUL BROOD — FUTURE OF BEE-KEEPING. Mr. Wm. McEvoy, Foul Brood Inspector, gave a report of his year's work. He was glad to say that the disease had almost wholly disappeared in many localities where it form- erly prevailed, but it was breaking out in other places, and needed a constant exercise of vigilance. Mr. W. Z. Hutchinson, of Flint, Mich., read an essay en- titled : " Will the future of bee-keeping be different from the past?" He held that it would. It would not, so much in the hands of specialists, many of whom had found it dilBcult to make a living out of bee-keeping alone, owing to a succession of unfavorable seasons. It was likely to become more of a side-issue and to be combined with other branches of rural industry. In the discussion that followed, the opinion seemed to prevail that the outlook for Canadian bee-keepers was brighter than that in the United States, owing to there being less trouble in this country from glucose adulteration. DIFFICULTIES IN BEE-KEEPING. A long and well-sustained discussion sprung up on an es- say by Mr. J. K. Darling, entitled, " Some Difficulties." There were winter losses to contend with ; spring dwindling; when bees were taken out of the cellar there was apt to be a mix-up and much confusion ; some hives got crowded, others were de- populated. There was balling of the queens, and when in- crease was wanted, hives were queenless. Then when the honey-flow came, it was difficult to make the bees go to work in the upper stories. These and other difficulties opened up a wide field for discussion, embracing cellar and out-door win- tering, the best way of putting out bees in spring that had been cellar-wintered, and the advisability of packing as a pro- tection against backward spring weather. Great stress was laid by some on putting bees wintered in the cellar on the same stands occupied by them the previous season, to prevent the mixing and confusion described by Mr. Darling. Out-door wintering was advised to prevent spring dwindling and mix- ing of colonies. Mr. Pettit and others were strong in advocacy 90 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Feh. 7, of the cellar, and described their methods. To finish up the subject, Mr. R. H. Smith, of St. Thomas, read an essay on the advantages of wintering bees on the summer stands, cased in ckaff-packed hives, with directions how to do it in the best manner. MARKETING THE HONEY. Mr. F. A. Gemmill read an essay on "Experiences in Marketing Honey," urging the greatest care in putting the finished product in the best possible condition, so as to be at- tractive to customers. Discussion on this and one or two other essays was laid over, and the opportunity did not re- turn. Generally speaking, the time to discuss a subject is when it is fresh. After some delay, the points have some- what faded. Alas ! for the essay that is read just before ad- journment for dinner or supper ! DOMINION EXPERIMENT APIARV. The Dominion Government has started a small experi- mental apiary in charge of Prof. Fletcher, with a practical assistant. It has only been in operation one season, and the Professor gave some details of what had been done in experi- menting with comb foundation. The work was incomplete, but so far as it had gone it emphasized the importance of using the best quality of beeswax, and not making foundation for sections lighter than seven feet to the pound. A vote of thanks was passed to the Dominion Government for the in- terest shown by it in bee-keeping, and to Prof. Fletcher for his presence and address. EDUCATION — HONEY-BEE CONCERT. Mr. Allen Pringle read an essay on •' Education," which discussed the general subject without special application to bee-keeping, more than to any other occupation. It contained some original and practical ideas, in regard to which there was naturally some difference of opinion. Mr. P. A. GemmilTs " Honey-IJee Concert" came off in due course. It was not so great a success as it deserved to be, owing to the inclemency of the weather, but a pleasant even- ing was spent in music, song, hearing addresses, and seeing magic lantern pictures. Mr. R. McKnight gave an address on features of bee-life not generally known. C. C. James, Esq., Deputy Minister of Agriculture, spoke at some length on the value of skill in the various branches of rural industry, with a special application to bee-keeping. The magic lantern part of the entertainment, given by Mr. R. F. Holtermann, would have been more pleasing but for a deficiency of light in showing the pictures on the sheet. Many of them were too dim and indistinct to be seen clearly. THE OFFICERS — BUSINESS WIND-UP. The election of officers resulted in the appointment of Mr. J. B. Hall as President, an honor tendered him before, but de- clined by him until now; Mr. J. K. Darling, Vice-President; and a Board of 13 Directors — one for each district into which the Province is divided by the Agriculture and Arts Act. The new President had a brief taste of office while the business was being wound up. Mr. Holtermann proposed the adoption of a score-card for judging honey by points in the same way as poultry is judged at exhibitions, which was adopted. A resolution of thanks was proposed to the members of Parliament, who had voted in favor of the Pure Honey Bill. It was objected that this was unusual, and that if the branch of the House that favored the Bill was to be thanked, the Sen- ate which rejected it should be censured. But these views did not prevail, and the resolution carried. It was decided to hold a special meeting of the Associa- tion at Toronto in September, when the North American society meets there, and on the completion of business ad- journment was made to that date. The Board of Directors met when the public meeting had adjourned, and transacted several items of business. Mr. Wm. Couse was reappointed Secretary ; Martin Emigh, Treas- urer ; Mr. McEvoy Foul Brood Inspector; and Mr. F. A. Gem- mill, Sub-Inspector. The sum of .S200 was set apart for affil- iated societies, no one to receive more than S20 ; the Canadian Bee Journal was selected as the premium to members for the year; .$25 was appropriated for prizes at the Toronto Indus- trial, and a like sum for the Western Fair. The President, Vice-President and Secretary were appointed as the Executive Committee, and Brantford was chosen as the place of the next annual meeting. A moderate Int'rcase of colonies in one season, will, in the long run, prove to be the easiest, safest, and cheapest mode of managing bees. — Lnnt/siruth. jSotes ^ Con)n}cr)is^ CONDUCTED BY Rev. Emerson T. Abbott, St. Josepb, ATo. Too Good to Keep. — "A report of four columns in the papers gave the discussion, while not an essay was printed, although some good ones were read." Extract from " Stray Straws," about the Marengo, 111., Horticultural meeting. "Tell it not in Gath, publish it not in the streets of Askelon ; lest the daughters of the Philistines (believers in essays) rejoice." Right in the Doctor's own city, in a society of which he is no doubt a member, and in whose deliberations he no doubt took part, they had essays ! "Good oues," too! Who would have thought it ! That was a very grave mistake, not to take up all the time with apple and berry "talk;" but, then, we all be very frail mortals and will "make mistakes." Not a Oood Plan. — The following from an old bee- paper is worthy of some further attention : " It may be, however that in the very mild winters of Colorado it is warm enough for them to find the food above, especially if on a warm day you pound or kick the hive to rouse them up thor- oughly." Owing to the continued cooling of the earth and the lateral pressure that has been going on for some time, on account of said cooling, the elevation of the Rockies has greatly Increased, and the climate has changed very much since the above was written, as the mercury has been known to hover around 20- below not long since in this land of " mild winters." Then, if the weather were ever so mild, they surely must have had the worst kind of luck those days in wintering their bees, if they practiced "pounding and kicking " the hives in order to wake up the bees and make them eat. If they had ever known about my sugar candy, they might have saved all that trouble, and the bees, too, I opine. The less the bees are stirred up In January and Feb- ruary, the more bees there will be to stir up when March comes. Another One. — The program of the Ontario Bee- Keepers' Association made provision for nine lectures and essays, and among the names of those who were to read essays was found the name of the editor of the Review. How is that. Friend H.? Will you inflict such punishment on those people who may come a long wiy, and at a great cost? But, to be serious, that essay is sure to have something of value in it, and here Is a very strong argument for essays. Friend Hutchinson is not much of a talker, but he drives a tremen- dous pen, and when he sits down to write an essay on any subject pertaining to bees. It is sure to be as full of meat as a cocoauut Is of milk. Do you see the point ? Score one for essays. Next. So Have 'We. — "Our cheese as well as our honey was the best at the World's Fair." "Ontario has a climate as well as the Bora for producing the best." " The linden, the clover, the thistle, the raspberry, the maple, the willow, the sumac, the buckwheat, the golden-rod, and numerous other plants yield abundantly." — Allen Pringle, on page 26. What is the matter with our good friends over the line, anyway ? Do they not know that all those things grow in this poor, benighted country ? and that only one of them — clover — furnishes real, all-around flrst-class honey ? Of this we have as much as they. As for climate — well, I always thought that the dry, high altitudes furnished the best honey, and I am inclined to think so yet. Then, again, do they not know that we have sweet clover and alfalfa over here in this great country of ours ? When it comes to competing with either of these, none of the plants mentioned above are "in it." Why, I saw 2500 pounds of alfalfa honey, which was shipped to this city a short time ago, that was the equal of any honey at the World's Fair, and I am sure that it was superior to any honey there which was not gathered from the same source, if flavor, body and color are the things that count in comb honey. I do not think the United States need to go out of the honey- business simply because some other country (if she did) took more premiums at the World's Fair. They"can have the pre- miums, but as long as alfalfa and sweet clover grow, and we have the fertile lands and favorable climate of the great West, we will go on producing as good honey as there is In the world, just the same. Now, Friend Pringle, you had your say, and I had mine ; and so we are even. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 91 ConveDtlon NoticeH. Minnesota.— The reprularseml-annualmeet; Ing of the Southern Minnesota Bee-Keepers Association will Vie held on the flrst Monday In May, 1805, at LaCrescent. Minn. All bee- keepers Invited. E. C. Cornwell, bee. Winona, Minn. Utah.— The Utah Bee-Keepers' Association will hold their semi annual meetingron Thurs- day, April 4,189.3. at 10 a.m.. In the Fish Com- missioner's rooms In the new city and county buildiDg:, Salt Lalie City, Provo, Utah. Geo. B. Dudley, Sec. New roKK.— The Cortland CTnlon Bee-Keep- ers' Association will hold their Annual meet- ing at Good Templars' Hall, Cortland, N. Y., Saturday, Feb. 9, 1894. All Interested, espe- cially bee-Iieepers, are cordially invited to attend. C. W. Wilkins, Sec. Homer, N. y. Texas.— The Texas State Bee-Keepers' As- sociation will hold iti 17th annual convention at the apiarv of W. E. Graham, in Greenville. Tex., on Wednesday and Thursday, April 3 and 4, 1895. All interested are invited to at- tend. " No HOTEL BILLS." Ft. Worth, Tex. Dr. Wm. H. Howard, Sec. Kansa.s.— There will be a meeting of the Southeastern Kansas Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion on March 16. 1895, at Goodno's Hall, in Bronson, Bourbon Co.. Kans. It is the annual meeting, and all members are requested to be present, and all bee-keepers are cordially in- vited. J. C. Balch, Sec. Bronson, Kans. RUDY'S PILE SUPPOSITORY Is guaranteed to cure Piles and Constipation, or money refunded. 50 cents per box. Send two stamps for circular and free Sample to MAKTIN RUDY, Registered Pharmacist, Lan- caster, Pa. No Postals Answered. For sale by all flrst-class druggists everywhere. Peter Van Schaack & Sons. Robt. Stevenson & Co., Morrison. Plummer & Co., and Lord, Owen & Co.. Wholesale Agents, Chicago, Ills. Please mention the Bee Journal. Novl5 Frnit Plants. Where to buy them at ■whole- sale prices. Send postal for descriptive and wholesale catalogue of allot the leading va- rieties of the Strawberries, Raspberries, Blackberries, Currants, Gooseberries, Grapes and Potatoes. EZEA G. SMITH, Manchester, Ont. Co., N. Y. WHEN ANSWERmG THIS ADVERTlSeMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAL. PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION Has No Sag iu Urood-Frames Thin Flat-Bottom Foundation Bas Ko Fishbooe in the Sorplos Honey. BelDK the cleanest 1b usually worked the qulchest of any Foundation made J. VAN DEITSEN &: SON8, Sole Manufacturers, Sprout Broob MonlKomery Co., N. Y. SHIP ^^^^ Dried Fruits, or Your Butter. Egss, Poultry, Veal, Beans, Potatoes, Hides, Pelts, Wool, Hay, '^ — =" iireen and Dried Fruits.or ANYTHING YOU MAY HAVE to us. Quiolt sales at the liighest market price and prompt returns made. Write for prices or aiiv Information you may want. SUMMERS, MORRISON & CO. , SJ^iS^nr 174 South Water St., Chioaso, 111. Rkfebence— Metropolitan National Banls, Chicago. 6A13t Please mention the Bee Jounral. HOIY In 60-pound Cans, 6 cts. In 5'.igallon Barrels, 5 cts. Sample free. W. C. GAXHRIGHT, 5Atf Cameron, Tex. WHCN ANSWERING THIS ADVEBTiSEMENT, MENTION THIS JOUHNAU TAKE NOTICE! BEFORE placing your orders tor SUP- PLIES, write for prices on 1-Piece Bass wood Sections, Bee-Hives, Shipping -Cratea Frames, Foundation, Smokers, etc. PAGE & LYON IMFG. CO. NKW LONDON, WIS, Feeders and Smokers ! ! We have a few of the Hill Bee-Feeders on hand, which we mail, prepaid, 2 lor 40c. Or 12 by express lor S1.50 —6 for 80c. We will send 2 postpaid with the Bee Journal for a year, for $1 .35, or give two Feeders as a Premium lor sending us One New Sub- scriber to the Bee Journal, with $1.00. SMOKERS. The Smokers are of the latest style Quinby, -ZVi in. Are - barrel. The regular price is $1.50. postpaid, but to close out what we have on hand, we will mail one for *1. 20 or two for $2.00; or we will send you Smoker and Bee Journal for 1 year -lioth for only $2.00. This is a bargain. Or send us.'l Nf^v Subscribers to the Bee .1 -nal (with $.3), and we will mail you a Smoker Iree Address, GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. SWEET GLOVER Is one of the Best Houey-Plauts. I can supply Seed in any quantity. Price, 25 cents per pound, or $2.73 per peek. Postage, 10 per pound extra. Address, THOMAS G. NEWMAN, 147 South Western Avenue, - CHICAGO, lUt Metition the American Bee JoumaZ. am 'aiaiASMVAa isiaQB 'aaAaifiKannvAi a r Aq paqsnqnd •saaqonax OisnH oj noiionpan -piBdisod 81080 0^ ^^l-^d '.Suns jaAaaaqAi ijq B soj^bj^ -OMOS XXIVAV V— i isaivT 3H± aav3H noA savh EVERGREENS FRUIT AND FOREST TREES Grape Vines, Small Iniits, Shrubs and Koses. Sample Order No 1: 2ti0 everRreena, seven varieties, including Colortido Blue Spruce. (Picea Pun- genst. sent to any address in the United States, express prepaid, for *2; one-half of above $1. 36 page whole- sale catalogue and "How to grow ever- greens" Free- Received higheet award at the World's Fair. Large discounts for early orders. Address, Elder National Nursery Co., Slgm, IU. 4 A8t Mentimt the American Bee JoumaL List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers, Most of whom Quote in this Journal. Cblcago, Ills. J. A. Lamon, 43 South Water St. R. A. BnBNETT & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. If. P. I. Saoe & SON, 183 Reade Street. HiLDBETH Bros. & Segelken, 28 & 30 West Broadway. Chas. Israel & Bros.. IIO Hudson St. I. J. Strinoham, 105 Park Place. Kansas City, Slo. Clbmoms-Mason Com. Co., 423 Walnut St. BuaaIo,N. ¥. Batterson & Co., 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. CBA8. Dadant & Son. Plilladrlplika, Pa. WM. A. Selser, 10 Vine St, Cincinnati, Oblo. C. F, MUTH & Son, cor. Freeman & Central av8. Honey & Beeswax Market Quotations. CHICAGO. III., Dec, 27.— Up to the present the sales on honey have met with our expec- tations. We have received considerably more honey than we figured on handling, owing to the short crop report, and we thinli the early shippers reaped the benefit. However, we are now getting the average price, viz.: Fancy, 15c.; white. No. 1. 14@13c. Extracted, 6@7c. Beeswa.x. 28@29c. J. A. L, CHICAGO, III., Jan. 3.— As usual, the vol- ume of trade in honey is small at this season. Butour stocls Is not heavy, and soon as this month is past we expect a demand that will clean out all present and prospective offer- ings. Comb sells at 14c. for good white; fan- cy brings loc; dark grades, 8@1 2c. Extracted white, B@7c.; dark,5@6c. Beeswax, 2 7®28c. R. A. B. & Co. NEW YORK, N. Y., Dec. 20.— The market for comb and extracted honey is good, and the supply equals the demand. Fancy clover and buckwheat sells best; off grades are not quite as salable ; and 2-pound sections are little called for. We quote as follows: 1-pound fancy clover. 13@14c.; 2-pound. 12i/s@13c.; 1- pourid white. 12@12!^c.; 2-pound, 12c.; l- pound fair, 10@llc.: 2-pound. lOOllc; 1- pound buckwheat, lOOllc; 2-pound. 9@10c. Extracted, clover and basswood, eOO'^c; buckwheat, 3@o 14c.; Southern, o0@60c. per gallon. Beeswax, scarce and in good demand at29®30c. C. I.&B. CINCINNATI, O., Jan. 7. — Demand for honey is very quiet since the holidays, and nrices are unchanged. Comb honey brings 14@l6c. for best white, and extracted 4@7c. Beeswax Is in good demand at 23@28c. for good to choice yellow. C. F. M. & S. KANSAS CITY, Mo., Jan. 7.— The demand for both comb and extracted is light. Supply good. We quote: No. 1 white comb. 1-lbs.. 14@15c.: No. 2 white. 12@13c.; No. 1 amber, 13c.; No. 2 amber, 10@llc. Extracted, white, 6®BS4c. ; amber, 5@5Hc.; dark, 4i4c. Beeswax, 22@25c. C. C. O. & CO. PHILADELPHIA, Pa., Jan. 31. — Comb honey is very plenty and slow of sale at 12® 13c. Extracted in fair demand at5®6i4c.^ Beeswax scarce at 27®30c. W. A. S. BUFFALO. N. Y.. Jan. 21.— The honey mar- ket is very quiet. We quote: Fancy, 13@14c.; choice. 10® 12c.; off ..rades moving slowly, trade being only on fancy; buckwheat slow at 8®10c. Extracted very dull, at o®6c. Beeswax. 28®30c. B. &. Co. NEW YORK, N. Y., Dec. 31 —The demand for comb honey has been very light of late and has now almost dwindled down to nothing. The supply has been accumulating and there is a large stock on the market. In order to move it in round lots, it will be nec- essary to make liberal concessions from rul- ing quotations. We quote: Fancy white, 1- lbs„ 13c.; off grades, lie; buckwheat, 9c. We have nothing new to report in extracted. It is moving off slow and plenty of stock on the market, with more arriving. Beeswax is steady and finds ready sale on arrival at 30c. per pound. H. B. & S. GREAT Success POTATO \ Active, responsible agents \ wanted (in unoccupied ter- ( ritory) to sell our un- J rivalled Ditrcer, and J SUCCESS ANTI-CLOG (WEEDEE. Send J at OQce for full I particulars and \ testimonials. JD.Y.Halkk&Son, YORK. PA. 6A4t Please mention the Bee Journal. BEGINNERS. Beginners should have a copy of the Amateur Bee-Kceper, a 70-page book by Prof. J. W. Rouse. Price 25 cents: if sent by mail, 28c. The little book and the Progressive Bee-Keeper (a live, pro- gressive 28-page monthly journal) one year, 05o. Address any flrst-class dealer, or _ LEAHY MFG. CO., HigginsviUe, Mo. Mention Die American Bee Journal. 92 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 7, Question;) "Box^ In the multitude of counsellors there is safety. — Prov. U-14. How many Colonies Can He Keep in Iliti Location i Query 957.— First, I will give the source from which our honey comes. We have per- haps 100 acres of willow, soft maple and elm ; next comes fruit-bloom, trees without num- ber of all kinds, and after this, white and Alsike clover, of which we have at least 100 acres. Following these, the mammoth clover helps to finish up sections. Then comes (the "get there" everybody) the basswood; about 3000 trees are within reach of my t;ees. There is plenty of buckwheat hero, but it does not secrete of late years. And last, but not least, fall flowers are waving in every direction. 1 think there were 500 acres of golden-rod, as- ters, snapdragon, etc., also in range of same. Now comes my question : How many colonies can I keep in one place, here, and make it pay ?— Michigan. G. M. Doolittle— From 200 to 300. Chas. Dadant & Son— 100 to 150 col- onies. Eugene Secor— 500 in such a favored locality. Rev. M. Mahin — As many as one man can manage. Jas. A. Stone— I would say 200 colo- nies. Try it, and see. E. France— 100 to begin with, if you know how to handle them. W. G. Larrabee — You have a good locality that ought to support 150 colo- nies, or perhaps more. C. H. Dibbern- 1 should thinlj you had a field that would easily support profit- ably 200 to 800 colonies. Prof. A. J. Cook— Surely 100 colonies; perhaps more, though occasional years of drouth will leave you honeyless and moneyless. P. H. Elwood— Try It and let us know. I don't know. Quiiiby thought 60 or 70 in a place paid best in the Mohawk Val- ley (N. Y.) Dr. C. C. Miller— Just from reading the description it sounds as if 300 or 400 might do wtll, but when you act- ually try it you may find 100 to 150 enough.; cu C-^Oi .~:m CD CD I 1 J. E. Pond — This is one of the ques- tions that can only be answered by guess. Perhaps 200 colonies would be about right. Much will depend upon manage- ment, however. Mrs. Jennie Atchley — You kind of scare me. I don't know. But if all your trees and shrubs, weeds, etc., produce honey in abundance, it will be hard to overstock your locality. Dr. J. P. H. Brown— It depends upon how the location is already stocked. If few colonies are kept by others, you might venture 50 or 75, and in favor- able seasons it might support 100. B. Taylor — In a locality very similar to this, I have kept 200 colonies, and good yields from them. Much depends upon the apiarist as to how many colo- nies can be profitably kept in one yard. Rev. Emerson T. Abbott— That de- pends entirely upon the man who bosses the job. I should not want more than 200 colonies in any one place, yet a good man at the business might make a larger number profitable where there is such an abundance of bee-pasture. H. D. Cutting — I would like to have 200 colonies In .just such a location. BUT I have ?een just that kind of loca- tion, and 25 colonies did not average 10 pounds per colony. You must have other conditions. Mrs. L. Harrison — I do not know. The most that I ever saw kept at one place, was 600 — at Wewahitchka, Fla. The owner of this large apiary said that he had too many in one place. The bee- pasture there was the best I ever saw. G. W. Demaree — The discription you give of your honey sources Is all one could well imagine, except 100 acres of white clover Is not large. In my opin- ion, you can handle from 200 to 300 colonies in a locality like the one you describe. J. A. Green — Y'ou would probably make it pay with any number up to 400, but to give the best returns from labor and outlay, you would not want over 150. Yours seems to be an excep- tionally good locality Ordinarily I should not advise over 75 in one place. R. L. Taylor — That depends upon the character of the season. In a very poor year for nectar 5 colonies might fail to pay, and in an excellent year 500 colo- nies might pay better ihan any less num- ber. In ordinary seasons 500 might pay, but 300 might pay better. At a venture, I should " guess" 250 to 300 would be best, on the whole. Wm. M. Barnum — It depends entirely upon how much time you can devote to their care. The number of bees in the neighborhood, will also have some in- fluence. You have drawn a very flowery picture, however ; and were it one-half true, I would not be afraid to handle 200 colonies, divided into two or three apiaries. One man can just about care for 100 colonies, excepting possibly dur- ing swarming time, when the good wife can probably help him through. By careful management, the two might care for the 200 colonies. Dovetailed Hives, Sections, Extractors. Smokers, and everything a Bee -Keeper wants. — Honeist Uoods at 4'IoMe, Hon- est Prices. 60 p. catalog free. J. 91. Jenkins, Wctiinipka, Ala. 2E10t UtevMmi the AmerUuin Bee Journal 5®®®®®®®®®® HATCH CHICKENS BY STEAM WITH THE MODEL EXCELSIOR INCUBATOR. TboiisniiilH in Suc- cessful Operation. SI.VPLK, Vr.IiFKrT, (ind HELFltEGVLA TIXG. Guarant*'C€l ti>batcha Inrjjer perrentnyr of fertile eggs at less cosi, 'than any other Incubator. Send 6c. for Illus. Catalog. I HiiVher made. II " circulars Free. IqEO. II. STA1II..1 1 tin 1 23 S.tilli M..ouUry housey. Hure renietiieeana recipen for all diseHHes, nlno viiluablc information on the kitchen and flower fiarden sent for only 10 cents. John Bauacher, Jt.,P.O. Box 6 Freeport, 111. Me/nlion the American Bee Journal THE KEYSTONE DEHORNER ^ Cuts clean on all sideB-does not crush. The ) most humane, rapid and durable knifn ) miide. fully warriinted. ITiphest Wrtrhl's f5\ l-tiir Awnn). I 'ever i i 'live Cirftilars Free. g A.C.BROSIUS, Cochranvil e, Pa.l 12E13 Mention the American Bee Journal LARGEST LINE Made in the World. ALL BTKEl OR WOOD STEEL LINEU. Perpetual h.-n rsDcaeeBow 70a do lU lod Bnrhine for - »-.:3.U0 ' f .'><> rB - $M.OO, $11.00 , flrt.Uti, Riid 27 othpr styles. *ll »t- chnientaFKEE, We pay rreipht ship any- erv iin ilO days free trial, in soj bom« Imiit nskine one cent in advance. Buy II fiictorv. Save apents larpe profits, r HtO.OOO Id nse. Catalogue and testi- hit's Free Write «t once Addresi ,-miil, CASH BUYERS'UNION, 158-164 West Van Buren St.. B 55, Chicago, III. 8Etf Mention the American Bee Journal, ^ Free to Farmers, ^ Send us your nnnie and K address on a postal card ^ tell us where you .saw this K ad., and we will send you J a beatitifiil illustrated ^ catalogue together with a Sample of the Corn Free Address the postal card IOWA gold:: CORN.;: :|0WA8EEDG0.,DE8IV10INE8,IM Mention, Uie A^mcrican tsee JoumtU. Barnes' Foot-Power Machinery. -.-=i BtSFTf'l ReadwhatJ.I. PARKNT.oi Th A RLTON, N. v., Bays—" We cut with one of your Com- bined Machines, last winter 5 honey-racks. 500 broad frames, li.imu honey-boxes and a preat deal of other work. This winter we bave double the amount of bee- hives, etc.. to make and we expect to do it with this Saw. U will do all you say itwill. CataloRue and Price - Ijiat Address. W . F. & JOHN BARNES. No. fW.'i RubySt.. Rocliford. 111. ^^c1ltiot^ the Aincrican Bee Journal. WM ,(5eNTs^ 50 A YEAR Intcrcatlnf? Monthly for The Family and Fireside Welcome tn every Home. I LargrePremliiini!! Tor Clubs. Sample Copy sent Free. Thomas G. Newman, 117 Southwestern Ave., CHICAGO, - - II'I^S. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 93 -COMPLETE STOCK. - Good Supplies and Low Prices-Our Motto. We are here to serve you, and will. It you give us a chance. Ciitalosnc Free. Address, Mention this Journal. LEAHY MANUFACTURING CO., HIGGINSVILLE. MO, Largest Factory in tlie West. California If you care to know ot its Fruits, Flowers, Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy ot Calitornia's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading- Horticultural and Agricultural paper or the Pacidc Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated, $3.40 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL PRESS, 220 Market St„ - SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. BEESWAX WANTED ! For Cash at Highest Price ; Or In Excliange for Foundaiioii at Ijowesl Price, Wholesale and Ki tall> Don't fail, before buying or selling, to write for Prices and Samples- to GUS DIXTJMEIt, AUGUSTA, WIS. Reference— Augusta Bank. lOAtt .Mention the American Dee Journal HONEY FOR SALE. I have about :)000 lbs. of Basswood Honey tor sale at 7 cents per lb., in 60-lb. cans, on board cars. I will guarantee it strictly pure. 2A Joliu Wagner, Buena Vista, III. Illustrated Catalogue free upon application, ile^itUjrk tilt A >"(£'"~wv)'>i itf^ Jfy. ."»vi» jl In-Door & Out-Door Brooders. -.-.^.-r,',' 112 FIRST PREMIUMS. T W-Vr .^cnd for 114-page Illustrated Catalogue. Prairie State Incubator Co. 2.3A21t When answeri HoMEB City, Pa. 5 THIS APVERTISEMENT, MENTIO-* THI3 JOURNAl., Wr ARE YOU LOOKING For the BEST in Bee-Hives, Sections, Cases, &c.? If so. drop us a Postal and we shall he Pleased to I (\ I> I rilflV Tft UJ-iturfiiuni IVio eendyouacopyof our 189.5 Catalosne and Price-list. | W. D. LIj>U(> tV,, llillt;! lUHII, IllS. tM». tioTi. tlte American Bcc JoumdL ii I TOLD YOU SO. »» Mrs. Atchley :— The 1 !) 1-frauie Nuclei 1 bought of you last ,\ car with Untested Queens, gave me 785 lbs. of section I one>' and 175 lbs. of exiracted honey, besides some uuflnished sections. The best one gave me 120 one-pound sections well filled. Heber. Ut .h, Oct. 9, 1894. J. A. Sm(TH, Now, didn't I tell you it would pay to ship Bees norlh to build up and catch the hone.v- flow? Beesbyllie Pound, on a Couib and Honey to last the trip-Jl.OO: 10 or more Pounds 90c. per pound. !MICIjl!,l — $l .00 per Frame; lOormore Frames, 90c. each. Untested Queens to go with them [same as Mr. Smith got] 7.dc. fach. IINTESXKI* QUI-,K^S— liy niaif, either Iieatlier-Colored Italians, 5-B»ndN, or Caruiolann-^i .00 Ciich: fo.cio rorti; $9.00 per Dozen— till June 1st., tlien 7oc. each; J4.25 for 6, or.$s 00 )iir 1). zcn. TK.^THU QI'l'.l':M.<«-3-Balld», $l..jO e'ch; 5- Band* and Carniolans. It2..50 each. Fine Kreed<-ri«, of eliher race, or Ini|>orted U'lcens, $.300 each. My Slruis'lit o-Band Breeders, tlO.dO each. FULL. <'t»l,ONIES— with Untested Queens. JO. 00 each. Send tor Prices and Ulscounls to Dealers, and by the (liiHiitiiiofi. Ihavethconlv Vfa ,ii, l>/i/, IIJi-u l<^ll•flll■v in Soul h Texas. Koui's t; Is. i>aniolicrs. Salc;iinv,.l guar- anteed on everything. JJ^' Svnd for FnKE Catali ^'uc, that u [\^ all iilioni Qu c.-K ai iiig. JKXXIE ATCIlLtV, Kccviltc. Site t«t., Ttx. Doctor^s jiir)is Hy DR. I'EIRO, C/iicas-o, 111. Test for musliroonis. Mushrooms having a red or pink covering are invariably poisonous. The test for the edible variety is the boiling of an onion with them. If the onion turns green, the m's are bad. Consumption Contagious. Yes, consumption is contagious as well as heritable. Constant attendance on a consumptive may develop the disease in otherwise healthy persons. The well and the diseased should never sleep in the same room, certainly not in the same bed. InHiience oT Edibles. Pie-plant acts especially upon the liver and bowels, asparagus on the kidneys, onions on the membrane ot the lungs, let- tuce on the nervous system, and melons are refreshing to the stomach. Flowerins Plants In the Home. Flowering plants are not only things of beauty, admired bv all invalids, but are beneficial in living and sleeping rooms. They obsorb carbon from u. and in return exhale oxygen — just what we need. Harmful to the Eyes. A certain very foolish fad just now pre- vails among society ladies, of applying a liouid lotion to the eyes to make them ap- pear sparKling and fascmating at evening receptions. Oculists reap a handsome harvest as the result of this vanity, Spank-Cnro for tlie Drowned. Spank-cure is the thing for boys who are supposed to be drowned. When taken out of water, they should be rolled over a bar- rel to force the water out of their stomach and lungs, and spanked good and hard. If the skin gets red, he'll soon be all right. madstone a Humbug'. Big humbug ! There is absolutely no vir- tue in a ■• madstone." Don't go and pay your money to the "fake" that claims to have one. The grindstone, in your wood- shed, is just as effective ! Fish and Brains. It is an old fable, that to eat fish makes brain. Q.U-m! Why is it that fish is so plenty and brains so scarce ? Craclied Wheat and Oats. There is no better food for breakfast than a good, big dish of cracked wheat or oats. They contain the phosphorous and other properties the system greatly needs. Don't Eat Nuts at Niglit. Nuts, too, are very nutritious, but should not be eaten at night, unless you desire a visit from ghosts and goblins in your dreams. Dye In lied >tockings. Yes, the vpearing of red stockings, by children in particular, has often resulted in serious consequences, occasioning painful eruptions, blood-poisoning and severe ulcer- ations, due to the dye used in coloring. 94 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Tlie Home Remedy Case Feb. 7, ThiscboioeBelectioa consists of 15 Reme- dies, especially chosen wiih a view to tlie most probalile rfqi/iremi-ms of the fami y; put up In a niceLeatheieite Case with a Book- let ot Directions so clear v hat no one can tro wrong-. The supply of Medicines i<: quite enough for months, perhaps years. anH will save you many times what It cost, liesides much trou- ble and an.xiety during sickness in the family, ihese ar'i no ) atent medicines! When any of the Remedies are used up, wo will promptly mall a duplicate bottle of the same Remedy on receiptor 25 cents for each bottle. If you valu" life and health, this Case i.s wortli Its weight in gold to any family ! Price, prepaid. $3.00. 4 Liberal Oflfer.- We otfer the "Home Remedy Case" aurt the American Bee Jour- nal for one year— both for only $3. 00— making the Bhs Journal free. t-oiid pos-tal card for free Circular. Address, G W. YOKK & CO., 56 5th Ave., Chicago, III. — Beeswax is Going Up— With prospects of a famine. You'd better BUY YOUR COMB FOUNDATION N01V, before it follows suit, and melt up your Old Combs for April delivery. Samples of the Best Foundalloii at the Iiowest Prices are to be obtained free, of W.J. Finch, Jr., Springfield, 111 Mention the A.merlcan Bee Journal. Wanted — IVICE COMB HONEY— in lib. Sections. WITTEinaTEB & CO. 110-117 West Main St.. DANVILLE, ILL. Mention the American Bee Journal. ORDER SPRING QUEENS. I will send a Guaranteed .5-Banded Yellow Queen, bred from a Breeder selected from 1000 Queens (some producing over 400 lbs. of honey to the colony); or a 3-Banded llalian Leather-Colored Queen direct from a Breeder imported from Italy. Oct. '94— at 75c., and a special low price for a quantity. My secret is to sell an extra-large amount, which enables me to sell at low prices. Will run this spr ug 3.50 Nuclei— have 1 home and 4 out apiaries. Booklus Orders Notr- will begin shipping March Ist. No Queens su- perior to my Strain. t^" Send for Descriptive Catalogue and Testimonials, to Wm. a. Selser, WyNCOTE. Pa. Mention tlie American liee Joitmai- The liee-Keepers' Guide : — Olt — Manual of the Apiary. By Prof A. J. Cook— for over 20 years a pro- fes.sor in the Michigan Agricultural College. This book in not only instructive and helpfu' as a oniDE in bee-keeping, but is also interest log and thoroughly practical and scientific. It contains a full description of the Anatomy and Physiology of Bees. 400 pages, bound In cloth. Price, postpaid. $1.25; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year-boih for only $1.73: or given free as a premium for sending us n New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at$l eacb G W. YORK Sc CO., 56 5th Ave , Chicago, 111 There, There ! Now, boys, stop that quarreling at once. The idea, that the names of a few weeds should make either of you so spunky! When you can't settle things, call on your old dad to decide matters. You are perfectly correct in your state- ment, Charles, that Eupatorium perforliatnm is boneset ; while you, Emerson, are equally justified in the matter of hoarhound ; Mar- rubium imlrjare is right. But I do hope I won't again have to re- mind either of you that another display of your young tempers will be the occasion for inviting you both out into the wood- shed, to beat a tattoo with the well-sea- soned shingle ! M. Dea Nice 'Winter for Bees, Etc. We have had a very nice winter so far. The weather was so warm that some of my bees were out flying around to-day. I am very much pleased with Editor York's taste, and style of the " new suit of clothes " he donned the Bee Journal with, and I hope that it will continue to be a weekly visitor to my house as long as I or it lives, because I intend to keep bees all the rest of my life, unless, as the Irishman would say, " They sting me to death." J. C. Knoll. Ulenwood Park, Neb., Jan. 6. Commendable Stick-to-it-iveness. We have had two very poor years for honey in this part of the country. One year ago last summer I had one swarm from 7 colonies, spring count, and about .50 pounds of comb honey. Last summer I did not have a single swarm, and obtained less than 50 pounds of comb honey. Most of ray neighbor bee-keepers are very much discouraged. I hope for a better season the coming summer. I have not sold honey enough in the last two years to pay for the American Bee Journal, but I hardly know how to get along without it. ^ John Kerr. Cedar Falls, Iowa, Jan. 9. Preventing Brace and Burr Combs. The trouble of brace and burr combs be- tween top-bars and supers can be effectually and easily prevented thus: Take 3 or 4 strips of tin about 3 inches and width of the hive, and lay them 1 to !>.,' inches apart across the frames, and the thing IS done. This will reduce the linear space between any two frames by about 2,; . The remaining },.,, divided into 3, 4 or 5 equi- distant openings of 1 inch, more or less, is abundant. Success by this method has fully convinced me that those 10 or more long passageways are the real cause of the trouble. Jay Hawk. Holton, Kans. Another 'Wisconsin Boy Bee-Keeper. I am so glad to see in the Bee Journal that the editor does not believe in the old saying, " Boys should be seen and not heard." and therefore I venture to give my experience in the bee-business. I commenced two years ago with one col- ony, which gave me 100 pounds of fine honey. I now have 3 colonies in the cellar in good condition. I sold 3 swarms last summer, also some honey, besides I have a milk-can full, of just as nice white granu- lated honey as you can wish for. I whit- tled a little paddle which I lay on the top of It, and whenever I feel like taking "a chew," lam at liberty to do .so. It is bee- keeping for pleasure at present. I should think if the boys and girls only knew how sweet and nice honey-candy is, they would keep bees. Pa has taken the American Bee Journal for years. I like to read it, and expect pleasure will turn into business some day. Pa likes the bee-business very much. By helping him, and reading the Bee Journal, I can learn how to take care of them my- self. 1 hope the Wisconsin boys wUl try the paddle, and see how nice it works. Long live the editor that gives the boys and girls a chance '. Ben F. Smith Plum City, Wis. Lots of Bain in the Mountains. We had lots of rain in the mountains here, and expect a good honey-flow this year. Most of the bees died from starva- tion- C. SCHLIESMATBR. Neenach, Calif,, Jan. 4. Splendid for a Poor Tear. How is this for a poor year? We htid 70 colonies, spring count, in 1894, and increas- ed to 106. We run 76 colonies for extracted honey, and took 9.880 pounds from them. From the other 30 colonies we took 1,440 pounds of comb honey. Fresno, Calif. Jackson & Raiks. Bothered -with 'Warping Covers. As I have heard so much said about flat covers warping in the hot sun, and I have been bothered so for several years, last year I went to the blacksmith shop and got some old wagon tire, which I cut into lengths 14 inches long, bent this shape, .. I punched holes in them, 4 in number, and dressed the edges down to }.< inch, so as to turn the water off. I put one on each end, with four screws in each. None have warped any yet. L. B. Whitney. Covington, Pa. Wax Spots — Wax Evaporating. If not too late, I will give my way to re- move wax from clothing. Hold the garment with the wax spots on, near a steam Jet— the spout of a teakettle will do— and the "spots " will disappear as if by magic. Has it ever occurred to any of the readers of the American Bee Journal, that when you render wax in an open vessel a large per cent, evaporates— a very large per cfntj Tacoma, Wash. Chas. Swindells. Report for 1894— Honey-Thieves. From 75 colonies, spring count, in 1894, I got 4,000 pounds of nice extracted honey. At the end of the season I had 107 colonies in good condition, and all were wintering nicely until Jan. 5, when thieves entered my apiary and ransacked 8 colonies, and took out 39 combs of honey. The heaviest combs were taken, bees shaken off, and the hives covered again. The thieves under- stood their business well. I patched up 3 colonies, but 5 are gone entirely. No clew to the thieves as yet. B. W. Hayck. Quincy, 111., Jan. Vi. The Prospects in California. The old year has passed away, even in California, and with it many expectations and disappointments; and now the new year has put in its appearance, and with it new hopes and anticipations have sprung up; even the " Old Reliable " has taken on a new form, and changed so much in ap- pearance and general make-up that at first sight I came very near taking it for an in- truder or stranger, but some of the "old land marks " soon gave the necessary pre- lude, and I soon sailed into its contents. The first page is exactly to the idea that came to my mind some time ago, while looking over the old numbers with a view of putting them into book form— the front covers were especially in my way; in the new number the objection is done away with, making it look very neat, too. The prospects for the coming season are 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 95 somewhat better than they were last year about this time, so far as the weather is concerned, for we have had more rain already up to date than we had the whole of the last hear; but rain alone cannot do us much good — we must also have plenty of sunshine, and. besides the above, we need the busy little workers to bring in the "sweet stuff," or else it wiU do us no good, and it seems they are greatly missing in quantity, (or I hear from all quarters (of this section) that a great many colonies have either died out entirely, or else they are so reduced in quantity that it will take them a long time to build up in the spring. One of our oldest bee-keepers told me the other day that he finds numbers of his hives that have less than a quart of bees in them, and most of them are short of honey, and the bee-keepers almost too poor to buy food and raiment for themselves and their fami- lies. Tough indeed, but what can't be cured will have to be endured, yet we feel courageous enough to go ahead ; we do not feel lonesome, for we are a great company, according to the reports of the fraternity in the American Bee Journal. H. F. JOHANN'ISG. Et'.wanda, Calif., Jan. 9. Alfalfa to be Sown in Nebraska. I would like to see some reports from bee- keepers in Nebraska. Mine for lS9i is as follows: I increased from 24 colonies to 33, and fed 200 pounds of sugar for winter. I don't know of any one near here who got any surplus honey. There will be considerable alfalfa sown here next spring, and we hope for better honey-crops in the future. A. W. Smith. Shelton, Nebr., Jan. 14. The Future and Fast Season. All the main honey-plants are now up, and looking fine. If our spring is favorable. I think we will have a good honey crop. We have had a very long cold spell ; my bees were without a flight for 13 days, which is the longest they have been so since I kept bees in Texas. I run 28 colonies, spring count, last season, and increased to 40, and secured S.50 worth of honey. The price here was from 15 to 30 cents for good honey. I produce mostly comb honey in one-pound sections, as I find better sale and a better price for it. I secured a full 100 pounds of honey-dew, which I will not de- scribe, as I think Dr. Wm. K. Howard sent the editor a sample of it. I am very much pleased with the Ameri- can Bee Journal, and wish it much success. Hurrah for " The Sunny Southland !" Leonard Cowell. Fort Worth, Tex., Jan. 8. Several Items from Tennessee. I had one colony last summer whose queen failed to become fertilized. Not knowing the condition of the queen, the colony became weak, and starved out. On examination I found the combs full of young drone-brood. These drones were the size of worker-bees, except drone shape. Our zero weather has broken up, the thermometer registering 60 degrees today. The bees had a good flight, and seemed to enjoy the warm sun very much. My bees are wintering better than usual. 1 packed with chaff and hay pads. I think the pack- ing is a great benefit to the bees in some winters here, and in some it isn't. I find the chaff to be the best absorbent. I have colonies that allowed some of their drones to go into winter quarters. This isn't a common thing in this part of the country. I think the reason they took them into winter quarters was due to the amount of honey they had. The colonies are a little ahead of any that I ever saw in stores. They are 8 and 9 frame hives, the frames are 15 inches long, inside, and 10 inches deep. I believe that a deep frame is the best for aU purposes in the brood-nest. I don't think that there is a bee-keeper anywhere but will agree with me on deep frames for the best. Bees cluster at the bottom of the the frames in the fall, and work their way to the top by spring. If the frames are shallow, they get to the top during a cold spell, when they can't retreat, and cluster again in a new place, and starve, to a great extent. Well, I didn't know the " Old Reliable " last'Friday morning, when the post-oflice clerk handed it to me. Thinks I to myself, •This is a sample copy of anew bee-paper." I tore off the wrapper, and there it was, the same old American Bee Journal in new style, with its broad face, and new dress on. It didn't look natural. I would read it if it was in newspaper form. Much obliged to you, Mr. York, for your new get up. And I wish the " Old Reliable " much suc- cess. I want to ask Mrs. Atchley, through the Bee Journal, what kind of timber there is in Bee county, and surrounding counties. A. C. Babb. Greenville. Tenn., Jan. 7. Fears the Bees Won't Winter Well. I see the Bee Journal has come out with a broad face for 1895, All right, I am satis- fied with it. It is well worth twice the money it costs, to any one having a few colonies of bees. I put out 45 colonies last spring ; and it was cold and wet, and they dwindled away to .30, and some weak ones among them, too. I got about 1,200 pounds of comb honey, and increased to 52 colonies. They are in the cellar, and some have commenced to spot their hives already. They gathered a lot of poor honey late last fall, which I think causes it. I don't think they will winter well. I wish the Bee Journal success, and rec- ommend it to all who keep even one colony of bees. Geo. H. Auringer. Bonniwell's Mills, Minn., Jan. 9. The 5-Banded or Golden Italians. I commenced two years ago with 3 colo- nies, and we have had what bee-men call bad years. I have had considerable honey for home use. I sold one colony, and lost one swarm by its going off. I carried into the cellar, Dec. 1, 14 colonies in the best condition for winter I have ever had. All were strong, and their hives full of honey. I am a pupil of Mr. J. C. Balch. My first bees were black, and I got some queens and introduced them, and of course some of them proved to be more yellow than others. but the colony that was the deepest, and whose drones were better marked than any in the yard, was the very best I had. Her bees gathered more honey, and the queen was more prolific than any I had. They seemed to be cross, but I don't find fault with them for that, as long as they are rustlers. I have been reading the articles on the 5- banded and golden Italians. Last fall I sent to West Virginia and got a warranted queen; I introduced her about Sept. 1, dur- ing the fall honey-flow, and I must say she is a dandy — almost all yellow ; and when I carried the bees in for winter, nearly all the bees in her hive were of her kind, and a fine lot as to color, but they came too late to test their industry before next spring. But since reading the comments in the papers recently on the golden queens, I thought I would ask those commentators whether they would advise me to kUl that queen and colony before spring, as I don't want to keep them if they are as bad as some make them. If the yellow bees are better than the black, does it not follow that the purer the better ? And does not the most of the fault come from the way they are reared by our queen-breeders, and the arti- ficial methods they use that produce dwarfed bees, that have no vitality, and, in fact, there is nothing left but the color ? I think so. W. J. Price. Elsmore, Kans., Jan. 14. eOLP R£UABLE PEERLESS FEED GRINDERS 1^? Grinds more grain to any degree of fineness than any other mill. Grinds ear- corn, oats, etc., fine enough for any purpose. War- ranted not to choke. We warrant the Peerless to be THE BEST AND CHEAPEST MILL ON EARTH. \^' Write us at once for prices and agency. There is money in this mill. Made only by the JOLIET STROWBRIDGE CO.,JGLIET,ILL. Jobbers and Manufacturers of Farm Machinery, Carriages, Wagons, Windmills, Bicycles, Harness, etc. Prices lowest. Quality best. 8 A26t Mention the AniKrican Bee JoiirnaX. SECURE A POSITION. Wanted for office work, on salary, in almost every County in the South and West, a young lady or gentleman. Those from the country also accepted. Experience not necessary. In fact, prefer beginners at a small salary at first, say, to beg-lu from $30.00 to $60.00 per mouth. Chances for rapid promotion "good.'' Must deposit in bank cash, about $100.00. No loan asked; no investment required. It is a salaried and permanent position (strictly office work). Our enterprise Is strongly en- dorsed by bankers. Address. P. O. Box 433, Nashville, Teun. (Mention this paper.) 4A6t 17 /vv QoIa — *lfalfa Coiub Honey— X Ml OdlC snow-white, 12 cts.; partly from Ctt'ome, li^ht amber, lie. per lb. D. »i. JENKINS, lias Animas, Colo. 5 At f Mention the American Bee Journal. POSITIONS GUARANTEED under reasonable conditions. Do not say it cannot be done, till you send for free 120- page Catalogue of Draughon's Practical Business College. Nashville. Tenn. This college Is strongly indorsed by bankers and merchants all over the United States, as well as Foreign Countries. 4 weeks by Draughon's method of teaching bookkeeping is equal to 12 weeks by the old plan. Special advantages In Shorthand, Pen- manship and Telegraphy. Cheap board. Open to both sexes. 36 States and Territories rep- resented. Write for 120-page Catalogue, which will explain "all." Address J. F. Draughon. Pres., Nashville, Tenn. (Mention this paper.) N. B.— This College has prepared hooks for home study, bookkeeping, penmanship and shorthand. 4A6t THE A. I. ROOT GO'S GOODS IN MISSOURI 32-page Catalogue Free. 4Atf Jolin IMebel & Son, Hl^b Hill, IHo. DO NOT OKDER VNXIl. YOi; HAVE \VKITT1!;N (JS FOR PRICES ON The "Boss" One-Piece Section Also D. T. Hives, Sliippiiig-Crates anti Otiier Supplies. We have completed a larg:e addition to our Factory, which doubles our floor room; we are therefore in better shape than ever to flU orders on short notice. Send for Price-List J. FORNCROOK, Watehtown. Jeff. Co., Wis.. Jan. 1st, 1894. or this Journal ivtao ivrite to any of oni advertisers, either Id ordering, or asking about the Goods olTercd, will please state that they saw 'bp AdverU«ement In this paper. READERS 96 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Fel. 7, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! It is always economy to buy the best, espe- cially wbeii tbe best cost no more tlian something not half so good. OUK FAL- CON SECTIONS are acknowledged to be superior to any on the market. The same is also true oi our HIVES and BEE- KEEFEKS' SUI'PLIES, of which we make all modern styles. GUH PRICES will be found as low as those of any of our competitors, and in many cases low- er, and you are always sure of getting flrst-cliss goods. We abo publish THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER, a monthly magazine tFifth year) at 50c. a year, in- valuable to beginners. Large illustrated catalogue and price-list free. Address, TIIEW.T.FALCOMMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. ^^ W. m. GerrlKli. of East NotUiis- liani, N, H,, is our Eastern agent. New England customers may save freight by pur- chasing of him. Mention tlie American Bee Journal. Globe BeeV'eii mail for One Dollar. Five cross-bars are rlvlted in tlie 'centre at tlie top. These bend down Y f and button to studs on a neck-band. ' The tars are best light spring steel. « The neck-band is hard spring brass. The netting is white with face-piece of black to see threugh. N It is easily put together and folds icompactly in a case, 1x6x7 Inches. i_the whole weighing but 5 ounces. It can be worn over an ordinary hat; fits any head; does not o bstruct the vision, and can be worn In bed without discomfort. It Is a boon to any one whoir flies Iwther, mosqultos bite, or bees sting, ^~ This Veil we club with the Bee Journal for one year — both for $1 .7.5 ; or give free as a Premium for sending us 3 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at $1.00 each. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS Bee-Hives, Comb Foundation, AND A FlTliI. IiINE OP SUPPLIES. BEES AND QUEENS. t^" New Circular quoting bottom prices..^ I. J. STRHVOHAM, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK. N, Y, Mention ttic American Bee Joum/iL MUTH'S HONET EXTRACTOR PERFECTION Cold-Blast Smokers, Square Glass Holier Jars, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Ch.48, F. Muth & Son. Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, 0. Send lOr for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers. Mf.ntinn the American Bee Journal. Strawberry and Raspberry Plants. Best New and Old varieties. Best grown Plains. Catalogue Free. With instructions for their culture. Send for it Now. Mention this paper. Address, E. J. >COFIELD, 3A13t P. 0. Bo.x 113, Hanover, Wis. Promptness Is Wliat Counts ! Honey - J«rs, Shipping-- Cases, and ev- erything that bee-keepers use. Kool'« Oood)« at K(»ot'« Hricefo* iiiid the best shipping- point iu the country. Dealer ia Honey and Beeswax. Cata- iTrr.L'lAve.WalterS. Ponder INDIANAPOLIS, IND. Mention the American hee journal. T^MkT^m Beautifully written on a dozen Bristol Calling Cards, and Mailed to any address for 1.5 cents. Address. li. L. WEAVER, AlUance, O. Mention the American Bee Juumal THAT "ST. JOE" HIVE ! Write for a Circular and Say How Many Hives You Will Need. •• I have sold all of the Hives and they give good satisfaction. I will handle no other in the future, if I can get the " St. Joe." Address, Grant City, Mo EMERSON T. ABBOTT, ST. JOSEPH, MO. RELIABLE SEEDS Awarded World's Columbian Grand Prize Medal for Purity. Always Fresh and Reliable. SPECIAL OFFER: I''or only 100, 1 will send 1 } 5-^.0 «^5.^>_;_»,^„> liberal package each of New Holland Cabbage and New Dixie Water Melon. Beautiful Seed and Plant Catalogue FEEE. Address atonceH. W. BUCKBEE, Rockford, Ills. P.J3^Boi^ ■_«^ Kockford Seed tarma. ^^^^^ Seventeen Years Ago Dadant's Foundation Was first offered for sale. The following parties keep it in stock and have kept it for years for sale. Why ? Because they want to handle only the best goods, and they say they get the best goods when they buy Dadant's Foundation. Thomas G. Newman, ChicaRO, Ills. C. F. Muth & Son. Cincinnati, Ohio Chas. H. Green, WiiukeBha, Wis. Chas. Hcrtel, Kreelmry Ills. B. Kretchmer, Red Oak, Iowa. Jos. Nyeewander. Des Moines, Iowa. G. B. Lewis Co.. Waiertown, Wis. James Reynolds Elevator Co., Poughkeepste. N Y. Page & Ijyon. New London, Wis, La. Bee-Keepers' Supply Co.. Donaldsonville. La. E. F. Quigley, UnionviUe, Mo. G. K. Hubbard. Fort Wavne. Ind. L. Hanssen, Davenport, Iowa. v.. Theilmann. Theilmanton, Minn. B. C, Eaglestield. Berhn. Wis. Walter S. Pouder. Indianapolis, Ind B. T. Abbott. HI. Joseph, Mo. J. M. Jenkins. Wetunipka, Alabama Jobn Rey, East Saginaw. Mich. J. W. Bittenbender, Kno.vville. Iowa. Viekerv Bros., Evansville. Ind. Mrs. Jennie Atchlev. Beeville, Texas. Is not such a steady trade a proof of real merit in the ffoods we selL? We also make a specialty of Veils and Veil Stull^ of best quality. Beeswax Wanted at All Times. Bee-keepers' Supplies, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails, etc. Samples of Foun- dation and Tulle FREE with circular. Instructions to beginners with circular. Send us your address. CHAS. Mtvtion t?ie American Bee Journal. DADANT & SON, HAIUXLTON, Hancock Co. , IIR. C. C. MILLER, MIAREXGO, ILL. [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct.l Sour Honey in Hives. Not long ago a question was asked about a colony that had sour honey in the hive, and I could give no satisfactory reply. In Gleanings, S. A. Shuck, of Central Illinois, men- tions it as a not uncommon thing, always being confined to a very few colonies, which, he thinks, are not able to ripen their honey properly ; but why they can not, remains unexplained. Easy Way of Transferring Bees. I have several colonies of bees in .Simplicity hives on loose frames, with regular combs. I wish to transfer with as little disturbance as possible. How will it do to move the old hive with bees, and place the new hive on top, drum the bees up, then place the new hive on the old stand with a queen- excluder, and the old hive on top, and in 21 days remove the old combs ? ' J. C. S. Answer. — I've done much the same thing, and ,it works all right, only the qneen sometimes sulks for a number of days before commencing to lay, so it will be a good plan if you can put one comb of brood in the new hive, or even part of one. Deserting the Hives in Winter— Rearing Queens. 1. We winter our bees on the summer stands, and when winter began 1 had 12 colonies. All had from 25 to 50 pounds of honey stores, and all seemed to be all right up till yesterday (Jan. 18). This is the first good flight the bees have had in nearly two weeks, and it being such a warm, still day they were out all over the place, when all of the bees in two of the colonies came out and pulled for the woods— one in the morning and the other in the evening. I brought them back in a box, and examined the combs well, and couldn't find anything the matter with them. No moths were found in the hives, and they had plenty of honey and young brood, and even eggs in the combs. They had fine looking queens, for I had both queens in my hands and clipped their wings, then put them back into the hives, and to-day they have come out again. Please tell me what is the matter, as I have been keeping bees 8 years and never had them come out with the queen and leave plenty of honey and young brood in the combs. 2. If from any cause a colony should become queenless in the winter, will they rear a queen, if the material is given them to rear a queen with? Here where the weather is so cold, they seldom get to fly more than once or twice a week. Pike, Tex. J. M. J. Answers. — 1. I give it up. You Texas people beat all creation, and now you're going to start swarming in the middle of winter. It sounds a little like the desertion of hives that sometimes occurs in spring with plenty of brood and honey in the hive. I have suspected that in such cases there was more brood than the bees could cover, and that upset them, but 1 don't know whether this is of the same character. Can any one help us out ? 2, They might rear a queen, but if no drones were flying the queen would be no good. At any rate, bees are not likely to rear good queens out of season. Transferring Bees— Feeding Flour for Pollen. 1. Is it advisable to transfer bees early in the spring, from their hive into another one containing only foundation, and feed them on honey and wheat or rye flour ? 2. Is flour a perfect substitute for pollen ? 3. How would you manage to feed them on flour; that is, get them to take up the flour and give it to the brood ? Amana, Iowa. A. F. K. Answers.— 1. Decidedly not. Early in the spring they need to husband all their strength without having any extra draft made \ipon it, such as drawing out foundation. Old 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 103 comb is better for brood-rearing than new, and they need every advantage in that respect. 2. I don't believe anything can entirely take the place of pollen. At any rate they'll not rear brood so well with it. Still there may be an advantage in giving it in spring when they can gather no pollen, even if the combs are stocked with last year's pollen. The fact that they are gathering something in that line seems to stimulate them to greater efforts in brood-rearing. If there is no pollen in the hive, and none to be had in the field at a time when weather is fine for outdoor work, then there can be no question as to the great advantage of feeding some substitute for pollen. I don't think flour is the best substitute. I've tried a nnmber of different things, and I think nothing satisfied me quite so well on the whole as corn and oats ground together for horse or cow feed. I feed it in shallow boxes, perhaps two feet square, and 4 to 6 inches deep. Put a stone under one edge of it so as to raise it three or four inches. Then the bees will work it down level, when you will put the stone under the opposite edge. It's fun to see them burrow into it. By night they'll have all the fine parts worked out, and then you can feed the rest to the cows or horses. 3. They'll go at it without any baiting. If they don't touch it they're getting the real thing from the flowers. If you want to hurry them to work on it, bait them with a little honey. Seed of Honey-Producing Plants, etc. Where can the seed of the following honey-producing plants be obtained? Catnip, white clover, alfalfa and sweet clover. When should the seed be sown ? Will they blossom the first year ? Do any of these plants produce dark honey ? E. A. S. Answer. — The seeds can be obtained through any large seed dealer, unless it be catnip. Write to some of the seed advertisers in the American Bee Journal. Seed can be sown in spring and will blossom the following year. I don't know whether any one has ever secured enough unmixed catnip honey to know its color. The others give light honey. Purifying Bees-wax. What is a convenient way to purify bees-wa.x ? I have some dark wax which I want a lighter color. G. D. R. Answer. — Usually beeswax is dark because of impurities mixed with it, such as particles of pollen, propolis or cocoons. These remain mixed with the wax tjecause the wax cools too rapidly to allow them to settle to the bottom. The secret of getting wax of a bright yellow color is to allow it to cool slowly. A large mass will of necessity cool slowly, and if you have only a small quantity you can put a large quantity of water with it. Or you can let it stand in the oven of a stove in which the fire slowly dies out. But don't burn it. Wliat to Do With Foul-Broody Hives. One year ago I bought 11 colonies of bees and 13 empty hives. As the owner claimed that they had been used only a short time, and by uniting for winter had been vacated, leaving plenty of drawn out foundation and brood-comb, together with some honey, I thought that it would be a good deal. But, alas ! vain hope. After moving them home, X examined them in April to see how they were getting along, and found several of the heaviest getting scantof supplies ; I went to a hive containing the honey spoken of before, and gave each one 2 frames of stores from an empty hive or one without bees in it. As soon as warm weather came, I noticed a very queer smell, and saw numbers of bees fanning at the entrance of these hives. Supposing it to be all on account of the strength of the colony, I let things go and finally found that the combs I had given those colonies were those of a colony that died with foul brood. I found this out by the description of the disease that I had read. Going to these colonies I found them weak in bees, where six weeks before they were the strongest. But the long and short of it is, that to-day I have only one left to hope on. Yesterday was warm, and only one colony came out, so I was made aware of their condition. Now come my questions ; What can I do with those hives? They are good now, and all painted three coats, and I want to continue in the business, but not till I have got everything safe to start again. I think I can get bees in old box-hives, and transfer them, if it would be possible to renovate the hives so the disease would not appear in the next lot. If the party had told me the cause of the vacant combs, I could have been on my guard and destroyed them. I just had a present of another lot of hives and fixtures, which, upon examination, I found ample proof that they were emptied by the same disease. These were the remains of a very large apiary. Now if you will give me your opinion of the way to pro- ceed in this matter, I will be greatly obliged. I am a poor man, and cannot afford to destroy these hives, if I can cleanse them and put them in shape again. N. T. S. Answeb. — Having no experience with foul brood myself, I can only give you tiie opinions of others. I think all agree that frames and combs must be burned. As to the hives themselves, Wm. McEvoy, foul brood inspector of Ontario, says to use them again just as they are. A. I. Root says they must be boiled before being used. Boiling kills the germs, freezing does not. If you had only one colony among a lot of healthy ones, I should certainly advise to burn up the whole business, hive and all. As your capital is in hives rather than bees, I should just as certainly try to use them again. If you can have a big kettle in which you can boil the hives, you will be on the safe side. Otherwise you might try them as they are, not going into so large a number that you will feel the loss severely if the disease should break out again. If four or five work all right the coming season, then you'd feel safe in using the rest anoiher season. As you are in a foul-broody region, you may do well to get all the literature you can on the subject, including Dr. Howard's little book on foul brood. For the benefit of others, report as to your success in using those hives. ^ I ^ — ■ Could Not, or Would Not Rear a Queen. I want to ask about a colony of bees that had the queen removed and could or would not rear another in her place. I have not been able to get any light on the matter in any of the bee books or papers I have. Columbus, O. J. T. H. Answee.^I don't know upon what you want light, unless it be upon the question why the bees did not rear a queen. Without knowing anything about the case, I can only say in general that bees rear no queen when they have no brood of the right kind, and sometimes they take a freak without any apparent reason to do everything wrong-end foremost. There is not entire uniformity as to their promptness in taking the first steps to rear a queen. Some are slower than others, and some may be too slow to make it out at all. Shading Hives With Hop-Vines. Is it necessary to furnish shade for bees during the hottest days ? Will hop-vines, planted near the hive, answer the purpose ? I think the " A B C of Bee-Culture " recommends grape-vines. Why will not hop-vines do as well? M. W. Answeb. — Shade, especially toward the north, is more for the comfort of the operator than for that of the bees. Some of my bees get the sun nearly all day long, and it's seldom that they seem the worse for it, but sometimes I am. I like to work in the shade. Last season I had some foundation melt down in sections during the very hot weather, but I've some doubts whether it would have done so in a good year with plenty of bees in the super to keep up the ventilation. I don't think Mr. Root's grape-vines are a great success for shade. At any rate, I've heard objections to them from those that worked among them. I doubt if you would like either them or hop-vines, unless you have some kind of an overhead trellis to act as a roof. A good shade for a hive, supposing it's impossible to have the shade of a tree, is to put on a board cover on top of the regular cover, allowing it to project 8 to 12 inches on the south side. Another way is to cover with long grass, putting two or three sticks of firewood on top to keep from blowing away, and this will last the entire season. Xlie Bee of the "future" will be the one that will gather the most honey, be the most prolific, and, at the same time, the most docile, hardy and industrious.— -Voooiajt. 104 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Feb. U, I'lTBMSHED WEEKLY BV GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, 50 FlUJi A.venuc. - CltlCAGO, IJ^l.. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. [Entered at tbe Past-Offlce at Chicago aa Second-Class Mail-Matter.] OBOK-C3-E3 ATV. "yOR-IC, EDITOR. Assisted by the following Department Editors : Dr. C. C. Millek . . . "Questions and Answers. Mrs. Jennie Atchlet - - - '•The Sunny Southland. "Gleaner" .... "Among the Bee-Papeks. "Bee-Master" " Canadian Beedom. Dk. F. L. Peiro - - .... " Doctor's HiNT.s. Rev. Emerson T. Abbott - - " Notes and Comments. Vol. fflV. CHICA&O, ILL,, FEB. 14, 1895. No. 7, Editorial Budget. Apiciiltiiral Uteratiire receives a share of attention (more or less deserved) every once in awhile— and sometimes about twice in awhile. The leading and most influential bee-lit- erature of the day never suffers, nor is it helped any, by reason of any unwise criticisms— particularly the kind that abounds in flings and spiteful personalities. But. I am happy in the belief that those who are competent judges of the matter, concede that bee-literature, on the whole, " was never better than it is to-day." Having read the literature of bee-keeping pretty thoroughly for the past eleven years, I am free to say that I heartily agree with Editor Hutchinson in the following estimate which he places upon current bee-literature, and which appeared in his Bee-Keep- ers' Review for January: Apiealtnrnl Hterature wax tiever better t/iaii it ix to-ehuj. and this in the face of about the hardest times financially and apiculturally that we have seen in a long time. As journal after journal came in for December, all bright, fresh, well printed and illustrated, and crammed with interesting and helpful articles, I fell to wondering If my own journal appeared as attractive to the other editors as theirs did to me. If it did, I am satisfied. Bet-kee]>ers have every reaso7i to be promt of t/ieir tilrralitre. The italics in the above paragraph are mine. Please bear those italicised words in mind while you read the essay on the sub- ject of " Apicultural Literature," on page fl9 of this number of the American Bee Journal. While a slight contrast may appear, I am sure it will only serve to heighten your own appreciation of the efforts of all deserving bee-editors who are striving to place before their readers only that which is readable, practical and helpful. Referring to the genuine bee-literature of to-day (not the spurious or fungous-growth kind), I said this in these columns Dec. 20,1894: " Bee-literature is a human creation— hence, of course, imperfect— but, like everything good, '^ofii^ om to perfection.' " I am of the same opinion still. The :\e]>ra!!ika Queen says that Mr. G. J. Weakley, of Washington, Kan., has tried for honey-plants Alsike clover, motherwort, sweet clover, white clover, melissa and catnip, and that the best of all is the sweet clover. He thinks that the first three named are the only three plants of the six that are worth sowing for honey-plants alone. He sowed 10 pounds of Alsike clover on l}.< acres, and 25 colonies filled their brood-cham- bers and gave 100 pounds of surplus honey. He sows sweet clover seed in the spring, in oats, 4 pounds to the acre, but not too early, as it is liable to freeze. Mr. V. Wavenport's Article on the first page, this week, is the third that he has written for the American Bee Jour- nal within the past few months. Mr. D. has over 360 colonies of bees, and he makes a success of bee-keeping, so what he says car- ries with it the weight of extensive and profitable experience. La.it Xoi'ember I arranged with him to write a number of articles, which fact will account for this paragraph appearing at tbe end of his first article, entitled, " Something from a Big Bee-Man," (see page C60— 1894) : Other Subjects. — Some time I may try to tell the kind and size of hive I use, how I control swarming, about the different kinds of bees I have, what I know about bees improving, and bees improving themselves when left alone: also what I think I know about bees degenerating under some of the most popular plans that are practiced at the present time for the suppression of swarming or increase. C. Davenport. As the large and small hive question has been recently dis- cussed considerably, Mr. D.'s article will be read with much interest. My Xlianks are due, and hereby tendered, all of my ex- change newspapers that have given such kind notices of the recent changes and what they are pleased to call improvements in the American Bee Journal. To quote a part or all they said would take up too much room, and so, to be as impartial as possible, I will, instead of reprinting the much appreciated compliments, simply say " Thank you," to them aU. Winteriiig Uces lender a Hay-Staclt.— Mr. R. N. Leach, of Humphrey, Nebr., writes thus about wintering bees un- der a hay -stack : I have kept a few colonies of bees for 13 years, but it has been more pleasure to me than profit. I have wintered bees in the cel- lar, on the summer stands, packed them in chaff, and in a hay- stack. I like the latter best. All of our hay is stacked. The stack I intend to feed last, when stacking it, after I have put on the ground about one foot of hay, I nail together pieces of '3x4 scantling, thus a. and set them in a row on the hay, nail a few pieces of boards on the sides, and then stack bay over them. After the hay is settled, cut a hole in, and when ready put in the bees and stop up the hole. I then have the bees in a place perfectly dry and frost-proof. I put chaff cushions on top and wire screens — the cushions to let the moisture out, and the screens to keep the mice from doing any damage. R. N. Leach. This is decidedly interesting. Please tell us how long are the pieces of 2x4. When do you put the bees in the stack ? and when do you take them out ? How many hives do you put in a stack ? How many winters have you practiced it ? What proportion of the bees lived, and what proportion died '. Please let the readers of the American Bee Journal know all about it, won't you ? My Ilees and Honey. — Editor Ernest R. Root, it will be remembered, visited me last September, staying over night, and in his " Notes of Bicycle Travel" in Gleanings for Jan. 15, he had this to say about my bees and honey: That evening, before supper, we took a look over the apiary of the American Bee Journal, situated in the rear of Dr. Peiro's yard. The neighbors at Bro. York's, if I remember, were afraid to have them there, and so the Doctor kindly offered to "take them in." Mr. York very modestly professed to know little or nothing about bees, and wished me to look them over, and assume the role of instruetur. (Such modesty in an editor who gets out such a good bee-journal is quite inexcusable.) A smoker was procured, and we preceded to open up the hives. " Why," said I, " Mr. York, you have got supers on at this season of the year." (\"ou will remember it was the first of Sep- tember.) "I would take them off, for surely you do not need them now." " But they are gathering honey noio," said Mr. York. "Impossible," said I. "Indeed, they are." On pulling off the covers, I saw sure enough that the bees were putting honey into the sections. " What in the world can they get around here, almost in the city ?" " I cannot tell you," said Mr. York. We opened two or three hives, and every one of them seemed to be busy piling in the surplus. In the meantime Dr. Peiro came out and enlivened the proceedings with his easy-flowing wit and banter. After looking over the bees, Mr. Y'ork called my atten- tion to the lawns, as we neared Mr. York's home. I presume there were a good many acres in reach of these bees ; and tbe constant mowing and sprinkling allowed the white clover to spring up and yield nectar oat of season ; but on sampling the honey that evening at the table, there seemed to be something besides white clover 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 105 which was certainly present. It had a beautiful minty flavor, and in my estimation — and I think perhaps in that of Mr. York — it was as flue honey as can be produced anywhere in the world. A swamp near by it evidently gave the mint taste, so pleasant. I have always considered the Colorado alfalfa, since I first tasted it, the best; but this is fully its equal. The next morning, having had a delightful sleep and good breakfast, I took the train for Toledo. The bicycle at this point was resumed; and on reaching home, 110 miles was made in nine hours. Thus ends my long trip on the bicycle to the Mississippi, through Michigan. *-•-•■ Mr. E. E. Hasty— the man who furnishes the palatable monthly "dishes" called "Condensed View of Current Bee- Writings " for the Bee-Keepers' Review — says some very wide- awake things about the first number of the American Bee Journal for 1895. Rewrote: Looks very nice, and the whole thing is one of those extra- interesting numbers Friend York has a trick of waking up and making once in awhile Very refreshing to find an editor who has manifestly been kicking around in these gloomy times — when we almost expected them all to lie down in the snow, like Napo- leon's soldiers on the retreat from Moscow. That's all right, Bro. Hasty ; but if you mean that I have a "trick of waking up once in awhile " and simply " kicking around" — why — well — yes, that's all right if you mean it. But I'll try to keep aicaKr more hereafter, so as to be able to continue the " kick- ing around," especially as the snow in Chicago (Feb. 5) is too cold (20 degrees below zero) to " lie down in " for comfort. Moths, Bees and Hens.— Mr. J. B. Griffin, of Cat Creek. Ga., sends in the following paragraph, clipped from a cheap paper published in Augusta, Me. : A device interesting to farmers has been patented by G. Up- ham. Everybody knows that the larvae of certain moths are de- structive to bees, and undesirable in the hive. These moths are mostly night-flyers. By an ingenious arrangement the bee-hive is connected with the perch for the hens. When the latter go to roost, their weight on the perch actuates the mechanism and closes the door of the hives. When the fowls leave the roost in the morning, the hives are opened automatically. My, but that's a " chestnut " from away back years and years ago ! Some of the older bee-keepers will remember about it, although just now it doesn't seem easy to turn to it in print. It is somewhat doubtful whether such a thing has really been patented, and still more doubtful whether the patent would hold, but not at all doubtful that it's utterly worthless in any case. The fact is, that the moth has a mysterious way of getting into a hive un- noticed, and it is not at all certain that it does its work all at night. An interesting paragraph on page 363 of the American Bee Journal for 1861, bears directly on the subject in hand, and is worth reproducing here. It reads as follows : The Bee-Moth. — Mr. Kaden, of Mayence, placed a second swarm in a new and clean hive, which had just been made for the purpose of this experiment, and set it remote from every other hive on his premises. Daily, at dusk, as soon as the bees ceased to fly, he carried this hive into the dwelling-house, and deposited it in a chamber where moths or millers could not have access to it. On the eighth day, he drummed out the bees, took out the combs (containing pollen and honey, but no eggs or brood), and placed them under a bell-glass, so adjusted that no insect could enter. In less than three weeks, the combs were perfectly alive with worms. As the bee-moth does not fly during the day, and the hive was regularly removed every evening to prevent its entrance at night, and the combs were all newly built, whence did these worms originate ? Queenie Jeanette is the title of a beautiful waltz song, by Mr. J. C. Wallenmeyer. a bee-keeper at Evansville, Ind. Price, 40 cents, postpaid. Send for it, and then learn to sing it. BassM'ood Sprouts. — Several have written to me saying they have basswood sprouts for sale, and asking how many I want, etc. /don't want any at all. Subscribers to the American Bee Journal in various parts of the country have been asking me where they can get the basswood sprouts, and so I suggested that those having the sprouts for sale would better advertise the fact in the advertising columns of the Bee Journal. As free advertising never helps to pay my bills, please don't try to work in anything of the kind in your articles or letters written for the American Bee Jour- nal. Such free advertising references I always cross out with my pencil before the copy goes to the printer. Another thing : Only those who advertise in the American Bee Journal need expect to see their catalogues noticed after I receive them. ^n)orfq i)r)c Bee-Papers Conducted bj' " GLEANER." KEEPING CELLAR-BOTTOMS CLEAN. Instead of sweeping out, Doolittle says In Gleanings that he sprinkles sawdust on the floor, putting on a fresh flour sack full once in two weeks. That helps take up moisture, and keeps the dead bees from being mashed. REPORTS ON CRIMSON CLOVER. A. I. Root reports crimson clover, sown the last of Sep- tember, green as in spring in the middle of January, although it had several freezes almost to zero. On the other hand, the report comes in the National Stockman, from the Ohio Exper- iment Station, that no successful stand had been obtained, although several attempts had been made. KILLING MICE IN CELLARS. Here's a plan that 0. Davenport gives in Gleanings; catering to their tastes by giving such a fine lay-out is a new idea, and a capital one : " You will need three or four old saucers. Tin covers, or any small dishes that are not of much account for any thing else, will answer for this purpose. In one put some cheese that is mashed up fine; in another put some fresh lean pork that is chopped up fine; and if beef is handy, put some of that in with the pork. In the other, put some honey ; and if you have both dark and light, it would be well to give them a dish of each kind. Try to suit the taste of all. Season the contents of each dish with arsenic well mixed in ; and if these dishes are set around In the bee-cellar, and the contents renewed every two or three weeks, mice will not damage the bees much. It does not cost very much to feed them this way, as one meal is all each one cares for ; and if any of you do not care to kill them, it is far cheaper to feed them In* this way without the arsenic than to let them help themselves in the hives all winter." "DOVETAILED" HIVES — FRAME SHOULDERS. Mr. Morrison is quite right in saying (see page 36) that our dovetailed hives and sections are not dovetailed at all. I believe joiners call them "fingered." But we've had "dove- tailed" sections in use so many years that it would be hard to change the name now. The one he illustrates is a true dove- tall, although not the kind most commonly in use, and I've seen boxes made with his kind, only instead of the dovetail being a separate piece it was part of one of the two pieces to be dovetailed together. But the boxes I saw were not so strong and did not last so long as those made the common way like our sections. The plan of having the frame shoulder run clear through to the outside he will find In use In the Aspinwall hive, and I rather think the idea Is patented. With regard to getting frames of greater depth than usual, I've had no trouble in getting manufacturers to make anything to order at any time when not too much rushed. Of course they can't make a small number at so cheap a rate as when in large quantities. WHERE THE HONEY IS PRODUCED. The Nebraska Bee-Keeper denies with some warmth the assertion that If a line were drawn from St. Joseph, Mo., east to the Atlantic, and another north from the same point, the territory embraced would contain the majority of the bee- keepers of the nation, and that outside that area it is impos- sible to hold large conventions. It holds that the number of bee-keepers who produce honey for market by the ton is very much larger outside than inside the given area, also that honey Is more commonly used, and that many large and wealthy cities consume tons of honey produced in their own neighborhood that never enter the wholesale market. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL FOR JAN. 24. I think " Student " (on page 49) gives by inference an impression that he does not mean to give. He says: "Clear honey in a white comb commands a higher price than the darker varieties, but many apiarists think the latter really preferable, claiming that honey left long in the hive acquires a fine, rich flavor," etc. The inference might be drawn that white honey left on long, changes to the " darker varieties," whereas I think the comb only becomes darker. Is there no mistake In the statement that, "In general, 106 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Feb. U, colonies may be doubled withoui affecting the honey crop ?" That is true only where long and heavy fall yields occur, and I hardly think such is the case at Philadelphia. That usually level-headed Secor after truth (on page 50) is perhaps a little "off" about the Higginsville cover. I don't think It was ever claimed that it would blow off less than any other flat cover — and, by the way, I think a flat cover is the hardest kind to blow off. The Higginsville is really a fiat cover, seeking to overcome the fault, and the very serious fault, of the single-board cover in twisting and warping out of shape so as not to fit close. The Higginsville keeps in better shape because it's made of three pieces in place of one, and being made thinner toward the edge has less power to curl up. That man Kennedy (on page 53) seems to know what to leave out as well as what to put in a report. I'm looking with interest for the answer to Dr. Peiro's conundrum on page lil, why salt on ice makes it melt slower and on a sidewalk faster. In York State it makes both melt faster. CONDnCTED BY MRS. JBNNIE A.TCHI.EY, BEBVILLE, TEX.. A Fine Honey- Year Assvired. I am happy to be able to say that it began raining about daylight this morning, and is still pouring down now (5 p. m.), which insures us a fine honey-year. The earth is well soaked. Hurrah for southwest Texas ! Beeville, Tex., Feb. 1. Jennie Atchlby. Report of the South Texas Bee-Convention. BY F. A. LOCKHABT, SEC. (Continued from page 70.) Mr. W. 0. Victor, then arose and gave his experience as a bee-keeper, as follows : MR. victor's bee-experience. I am like Mr. Graham, and Dr. Marshall — I think bee" keeping is born with the person. I will go back to my boy- hood days, and tell how I hived my first bees. I well remem- ber when I used to go out and hive bees in a match-box, and my mother would not know it till she would find the bees under my pillow, and I was quite a small boy, too, but not so small but that I can remember It very plainly. 1 can remember, too, that mother would find out when I was tinkering with the bees in the meadow, when I would step on one. When I had grown up to be quite a chunk of a boy, I went out one day, and found a swarm of bees clustered under some grape-vines, and I started forthwith for a hive to put them in, when, lo, and behold, they were living in the tree on which the vines were growing, and I started back home. 1 met an old darkey on the way, and told him that I had found some bees, and that I wanted him to help me get them out of the tree. He Informed me that those bees were his property. Well, I was almost paralyzed, as I would have given almost every thing I had for those bees, and I was not long in buying them ; the old darkey went with me, and we soon got them into a hive. Right here I went into the bee-business on a large scale, and the fever was so high that quinine could never reach the case. I went to buying bees, gathering them from all sources, and running for increase, and I ara sorry to inform you that I soon Increased out, as I went down hill till I reached the bottom, and had no bees again. You see 1 went too fast, and my fever was too high for any remedy, and of course I had to fall. I soon had some more bees and started out more cau- tiously, and soon ran my bees up to where they paid me. I tell you that it takes lots of hard work and study to get to where we can manage a large yard and make them pay, especially when honey is so cheap as it is now. I now start out with my bees something as the farmer starts out with his farm — I mean to run thera for a " bale to the acre," and I push them for all they are worth. W. 0. Victor. As It was now getting late, and the committee was not yet rrady to report, a motion was made to adjourn till 9 a. m. the next day, and the committee was to have their report ready by 10 a. m., or by the time a report could be taken from all the bee-keepers, as to how many colonies they had, how much honey, etc. SECOND day's proceedings. The convention was called to order by the chairman, Dr. Marshall, at 9 a. m., Dec. 28th. The weather had grown worse, and too cold for the factory that day. So Mrs. Atchley cleared her house of furniture, and seated it with lumber, and built up a fire in the fire-place and all went well. Eeports from members were now called for, as the com- mittee on arranging the questions was not yet all in. REPORTS given BY MEMBERS. W. R. Graham — 150 colonies, 10 pounds of honey per colony, spring count. I think 10 pounds per hive will be about right for my latitude or country. I am -iOO miles north of Beeville. I also sold 500 queens, and made 50 pounds beeswax. My honey was mostly comb. No increase. F. A. Lockhart — 150 colonies, spring count; 25 pounds of honey, half comb and half extracted. No increase. Sold 1,000 queens. We did not have a good year for my locality (New York.) W. O. Victor, Wharton, Tex. — Spring count, 425 col- onies; no Increase ; 45,000 pounds of honey ( Jti' comb), and 500 pounds of wax. No increase; no bees or queens sold. I run my bees In four yards. Half my honey grades 1st class, balance amber. Dr. Marshall — I started the spring of 1894 with one colony, increased to 9. I ran for increase, and did not obtain any honey. I now keep only a few colonies for experimental purposes, and do not care to produce honey. My location is east Texas. A. D. Lord, Amiret, Minn. — I ran 40 colonies, increased to 70, and took 1200 pounds of comb-honey and 400 of extracted. My honey was all obtained in a very short time, as our flow lasted only a few days. C. B. Bankston, of Tex. — 99 colonies, spring count, in- creased to 111 ; 13 barrels of amber extracted honey, 50 gallons each. 1200 queens sold. My location is middle Texas. The honey averaged about 11 pounds to the gallon. Mrs. Jennie Atchley. — Started in the spring of 1894 with 500 full colonies, run for queen-rearing, and during the height of the season I had about 1500 nuclei. Sold about 4500 queens, and now have 300 colonies. Bought and sold during the season about 60,000 pounds of bees, or nearly 2 carloads. 500 pounds beeswax. W. G. Camrey, Gloversville, N. Y. — (near Doolittle's locality). — 50 colonies, 25 pounds of peppermint honey. My bees are situated near some great lakes. W. C. Gathright, Cameron, middle Tex. — 200 colonies, spring count, averaged 75 pounds per colony — all extracted honey. 150 pounds of beeswax. The balance of those present had from one to 10 colonies, and kept no count, having come to learn, as they did not profess to be bee-keepers. (Continued next week.) CONDUCTED BY Re\-. Emerson T. A.bbott, St. .Joseph, \Io. '• Adel " — " Where did it ever appear, anyhow, before coming up at the convention?" I respectfully suggest that " Gleaner " (see page 25) subscribe for the Apiculturist, or send for Mr. Alley's price-list. Hardly. — "Any device that will permit a worker-bee to pass while the drones are prevented from escaping, infringes our claims on a drone-trap !" — Heury Alley. Don't you believe It! How about the entrance-guard, or even a strip of queen-excluding zinc? They will prevent the drones from escaping, but they are hardly an infringement on a drone-trap. We sometimes make the mistake of claiming too much for " our inventions." It No Use to Hunt tlie Adulteration. — xu seems to me that the Union should do more In the way of hunting out suspected cases of adulteration — in fact, assume the aggressive — that is, employ detectives to follow up a few of the unscrupulous city dealers." — Editorial in Gleanings. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 107 No use for a detective, Friend Root ; I can find you plenty of adulterated extracted honey without any detective. Thintc I could go out in our city and find half a dozen samples bearing the firm name of those who did the adulterating. I seldom go into any large city without seeing clear cases of adulterated extracted honey. It will not require much hunt- ing to find plenty of this kind of work. The laws of Missouri recognize adulteration of food as a crime against society, which it is, and declare it a^misde- meanor, and place the maximum penalty at a fine of $1,000 and one year in the county jail. It is, however, a grave question to know how great is the obligation on a citizen to enforce this law. Should he set about it in dead earnest, he would find all of his time taken up with law. Should he report to the Manager of the Union, and have to appear as a witness, he would get the ill-will of many of his fellow-men, and be mixed up in some things that would not be very pleasant, to say the least. Then, there is another side to this question. Glucose is not injurious as a food, or at least so says the Government Chemist, and it frequently happens that these samples of adulterated honey are more palatable than some of the black, filthy honey put on the market by bee- keepers. So, I am free to confess that while I have nothing but condemnation for any form of adulteration, I am at a loss to know just what it is best to do. When the real article is less attractive and less palatable than the mixture, it comes to a case like choosing between oleo and much of the dirty and unpalatable butter put on the market. We do not want to favor the fraud, neither would we like to be forced to eat the real stuff, if it "comes up in that shape and manner," as I frequently hear one of our city auctioneers say. Then there is another difficulty about this; it is hard to get all of the bee-keepers to pull together. Friend Alley says : "Bee-conventions" — and this means unity of action — "are no good." We thought the North American a success, but it seems that those who attended that meeting were not a unit, for we are now placed in the humiliating position of having the Secretary withhold the Report, that he may "get even" with some of the members of the association who did not do exactly to suit him. I rather think we had better not start the detective out just yet. I do recognize the fact, however, that something should be done along this Hue, I may say further, while I am on this subject, that I am confident that the decisions of Courts, secured by the action of the Union, have been of more benefit to bee-keepers than most of them are aware. 'W'e Agree. — "The prospects are that bee-keepers will continue to multiply, and the industry continue to grow until the ground in the habitable parts is pretty well occupied. This growth will probably not be so much in the direction of specialism as bee-keeping in conjunction with farming, gar- dening, fruit-raising, etc." — Allen Pringle, on page 26. Them's my sentiments ! That is about the way it will be in this neck of the woods, and that is the way it should be, in my opinion. I hope the day may come when every farmer in the country will keep a few bees in modern hives, and secure enough honey at least to supply his own table, not on Sunday as a luxury, but three meals a day and seven days in the week. Conducted Toy " BEE-AI ASTER." Crimson Clover for Bees. There is quite a furor at the present time among farmers about crimson clover. It is supposed by many to be a newly- introduced variety of clover, but this is a mistake. More than 40 years ago it was in cultivation under the name of " Incar- nat clover," so called from its botanical name — TrifoHum incamatum — which will be found attached to it in the seed catalogues after the names crimson, or scarlet clover. It was also known in those days as French clover. Eng- lish farmers used to consider it a most valuable addition to their list of plants sown for fodder, from the short time in which it arrives at perfection if sown in spring ; so that wherc^ the common red clover had failed, this was sown to till up the bare places. But it was most highly valued as a stubble crop by means of which very early feed could be raised for ewes and lambs, with but little trouble or expense. Immediately after harvest, the stubbly ground was scarified and harrowed, so as to raise a mould ; the clover was then sown and well rolled in. It stood the English winter well, sprang up early in spring, and soon furnished a bite. If left for hay it could be harvested by the end of May or the beginning of June, being off the ground in time to plough and clean the land for turnips. This old country farm practice has not, so far as I know, found its way into Canada, and it is doubtful if it would work in this climate, which is far more severe than that of Britain. Most likely fall-sown crimson clover was winter-killed, audi hence this item of old country farm practice fell into disuse, here in Canada, if it was ever tried at all, which I think it must have been, for the British farmer, like every other kind of Britisher, is posessed with the idea, when he gets across the Atlantic, that he must do every thing precisely as it is done in " Hingland." Why have I introduced this subject, and why have I headed this article "Crimson Clover for Bees?" Because I have just received a kind of electric shock from reading the following paragraph in Vol. II of the American Bee Journal for June, 1867, page 234:— "Incarnat clover {trifoUum incaniatum) is an annual, the blossoms of which yield supplies of excellent honey which is eagerly gathered by bees. When sown in spring on stubble land which was plowed in autumn, it comes into blossom about the last of July or first of August, yielding plenty of pas- turage for bees, and producing on good ground a large crop of hay. Sow about half a bushel of seed on an acre. It may be sown with spring barley, but will then come into flower some- what later. If sown in autumn, it should not be done later than about the beginning of September. It will then blossom, in May, and can be mown for an early crop of hay. It suc- ceeds well from loamy, clayey and sandy soils; and is best adapted for mild climates." The last remark is doubtless made in view of the liability of fall-sown fields to winter-kill in severe climates. Now this paragraph certainly deserves to be labeled, " Important if true." A honey-plant that will blcom the last of July or first of August is precisely what bee-keepers in northern latitudes are in search of, to take the place of th& basswood when it fails. According to the above paragraph, two or three sowings may be made of this clover— one very early in spring on land prepared the previous fall ; another with barley, and why not a third, somewhat later still ? If this clover will bridge over the gulf between basswood and the late fall flowers we now have, our bees can glide grad^ The Best and la- k teat Novelties I in Beaks. Corn, Lettuce, Melon, Tomato & Seed Potatoes. Pansies BweetPeas. Bave money in ■ boyiiiK from us. (Complete list. (^Extras with orders. Address COLE'S Seed Store, Pella, Iowa SEEDS? SDit tHcitiuni the American Bee- J( iO a treatisefl on poultry raising eentj FREE. Write now to^ f Ses MolBcg Incslatot Co.,i Bor I Des Moines. li.' ilftnNVjn fft^ American Bee Journal* 1D8 Uaa Puiionfls^Stiimpeders. Cheap but good. Dt>e"fi»topCS 8 CIS. each; 12— 73c., postpaid. Queen - Catcher Try '"'uy^'m^rl: 25 cents euch; 12. $J.50, postpaid. Instruc- tions with each. M. O. Office, Los Angeles. ISDtf C. W. Dayton, Florence, Calif. Mention the American BceJounuil. ONE MAN WITH THE UNION ^°^i^^^^^°^ Ciui do the work of four men using hand tools, in Kipping, Cuttlng-off, Mi- tring, Kabbeting, Groov- ing. Gaining. Dadoing, Edging-up. Jointing Stuff, c■tl^ Full Line of Foot and Hand Power Machinery. Sold on Trial. Calalogae Free. SENECA FALLS mFC CO., 46 Water St., SENECA FALLS. N. Y. 2oDi; Mtntianthe American Bte Journal. ***••**•*•*•*•****♦*♦♦♦♦♦* INCUBATORS: e Warrant I . Vardi We ^I'l'^'iTf^BBTn^ The Reliable* ^ L '_,^ V* B \f Durable. Correct In Prindplc. Leader ^ " lowi* X B ^^ &t World's Fair. 6ct». in Btampa for T, ^ \_— — — "^ new 113 page Poultry Guide and CaU- * W loffue. POULTRY FOR PROFIT mRdc plain, Bed-Rock Informallon. ■^ •k Reliable Incubator and Brooder Co. .Quincy. III. -k •••••••••••••••••••••••••* 13D13 Mention the American Bee Journal. BCRKSHIBE, Chester White, Jerie; Red mnd Poluid Chin* FIGS. Jer>ey, QaeroBey uid Holflteln Cmtlle. Tborooghbred She«p. F»noj Potiltry. Hnnting and HoQBe Dogt. Cfttalogne. .ruiTlIIe, Cheater Co.. Fenaa. Mention the American Bee Journal, Your Beeswax Exchanged UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE, we will allow 30 cents per pound for Good Tel- low Beeswax, delivered at our office— in ex- change for Subscrl ption to the BEE JonRNAL, for Books, or anything that we offer for sale In the Bee Journal, In thus exchanging, we cannot afford to allow any Club Rate prices. Always ship the Wax by Express, and pre- pay the charges; also put your name and address on the package to avoid mistakes. GEOBGE W. YORK & CO., - CHICAGO, ILLS. THE A. I. BOOT COS GOODS IN MISSOUKI ;i2-page Catalogue Free. 4Atf Joliu Nebel A: Sou, Hlgb Hill, Mo. SWEET CLOVER Is one of the Best Honey-Plants. I can supply Seed In any quantity. Price, 25 cents per pound, or $2.75 per peck. Postage, 10 per pound extra. Address, THOMAS G. NEWMAN, 147 South Western Avenue, - CHICAGO. ILL. FRUIT AND FOREST TREE8 Grape Vines, Small bruits, Shruba and Hoses. Sample Order No 1: _2u0 evercreens, seven varieties, including Colorado Klue Spruce, (Picea Pun- gensi, sent to any address in the United States, express prepaid, for $?; I one-half o£ above $1. 36 page whole- *sale catalogue and "How to grow ever- greens" Free- Received mgheat 1 1—-—, awarii at the World's Fair. Large THF nn™ NiiRsmns discounts for early orders. Address, EVERGREENS 4A8t Mention the American Bee Journal. t:i_„ 0«1./» —Alfalfa Comb Honey— J or oaie snow-white, 12 ets.; partly from Cleome, light amber, lie. per lb. D. S. JENKINS, Las Animas, Colo. 5 At f Mention the A merican Bee Journal, Fniit Plants. Where to buy them at whole- sale prices. Send postal for descriptive and wholesale catalogue of all of the leading va- rieties of the Strawberries, Raspberries, BlaeUberrles, Currants, Gooseberries, Orapes and Potatoes. EZBA G. SMITH, Manchester, Ont. Co., N. Y. WHEN AN3WERINQ THIS ADVEHTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAL. PATENT WIRED COMB FODNDATIOH Has No Sag In Brood-Frames Thin Flat-Bottom Foundation Bas So Fisbbone in the Sorplns Uonef. BeiDK the cleaneBt is usually worked the quickest of any Foundation made J. VAN DECJSEN A: SONS, Sole ManufacturerB, Sprout Brook MonlHomery Co., N. Y. -NICE COMB HONEY— in lib. Sei-tlons. WITTSmiTEB ft CO. 115-117 West Main St., DANVILLE, ILL. Mention the American Bee Jrumal. Wanted 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 109 Largest Factory iu the West. -COMPLETE STOCK. - Good Supplies and Low Prices-Our Motto. We are here to serve you, and will. If you give us a chance, tatalo^ne Free. Address, Mention this Journal. LEAHY MANUFACTURING CO., HIGGINSVILLE. MO, California I* If you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers, Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Paciflc Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated, $2.40 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL, PRESS, 220 Market St„ - SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. BEESWAX WANTED ! For Cash at Highest Price ; Or In Excliange Tor Fonudalion at Lowest Price, Wholesale aud Retail. Don't fail, before buying or selling, to write for Prices and Samples— to GUS DITTJHER, AUGUSTA. WIS. Reference— Augusta Bank. 16Att yWeiittoJi the American Bee JoumaZ HONEY FOR SALE. I have about .3000 lbs. of Basswood Honey for sale at 7 cents per lb., in 60-Ib. cans, on board cars. I will guarantee it strictly pure. 2A John Wagner, Boena Vista, 111. Illustrated Catalof?ue free upon application. Mention ilie American Bee Jorjim/ai. In-Door & Out- Door Brooders. 112 FIRST PREMIUMS. Send for 114-page Illustrated Prairie State Incnbator Co. Homer Citv, Pa. When Answering this Advertisement, Mention this journau g^-ARE YOU LOOKING For the BEST in Bee-Hives, Sections, Cases, &c.? If BO, drop us a Postal and we shall be pleased to I f( D I VW\\i I'rt UJnf Ai-f imin IJPJb sendyouacopyotour 1895 Catalog:ae ami Price-list. | W. D. liLlllo tV., HdlCi lUWII, IIIB. Merdion the AmerUian Bee Journal' H I TOLD YOU SO. »» Mrs. Atchley:— The 19 1-frame Nuclei I bought of you last ye;ir with Untested Queens, gave me 785 lbs. of section honey and 175 lbs. of extracted honey, besides some unflnished sections. The best one gave me 120 one-pound sections well filled. Heber, Utah, Oct. 9, 1894. J. A. Smith. Now, didn't I tell you it would pay to ship Bees north to build up and catch the honey- flow? Beesbytlie Pound, on a Comb and Honey to last the trip— $1.00: 10 or more Pounds 90c. per nound. MJCfcEI— Sl.OO per Frame; 10 or more Frames, 90c. each. Untested Queens to go with them [same as Mr, Smith got] 75c. each. liNTESTKD QKKENS— by mail, either Leatlier-Colored Italians, S-Bands, or Carnlolaus-Sl.OO each; S5.00 lor 6; $9.00 per Dozen— till June 1st., then 75c, each; J4.25 for 6, or $8.00 per Dozen. TESTED QUEENS— 3-Band8, $1.50 each; 5-Bands and Oarntolans, $2.50 each. Fine Breeders, of either race, or Imported Queens, $5.00 each. My Straight 5-Band Breeders, $10.00 each. FUIiL, C0I.01NIES— with Untested Queens. $6.00 each. Send for Prices aud Discounts to Dealers, and by the Quantities. I have the only S*A(ini Rod Wiva Koviiwv >n South Texas. Root's Goods, Dadant Foundation, and OlCnIll DCC-niVC FdllUl J Bingham Smokers. Safe arrival guar- anteed on everything. |^~ Send for Free Catalogue, that tells all about Queen-Rearing. JENKIE ATCHL.EY, Beevillc, Bcc Co., Tex. Honey & Beeswax Market Quotations^ CHICAGO. III., Feb. 7.— The weather has been so cold that It prevented the shipping of comb, and the trade has been light to local dealers. Choice white comb sells at 14@15c. There is demand only for that put up in ex- cellent shape. As a rule, dark grades are slow, prices ranging from9@10c.; good, light color, 12(ai3c. Beeswax, 27@28c. R. A. B. & Co. CHICAGO. III., Deo. 27.— Up to the present the sales on honey have met with our expec- tations. We have received considerably more honey than we figured on handling, owing to the short crop report, and we think the early shippers reaped the benefit. However, we are- now getting the average price, viz. : Fancy, 15c.; while, No. 1. 14@l3c. Extracted, 6®7c, Beeswax. 28@29c. J. A. L. CINCINNATI. O.. Jan. 7. — Demand for honey is very quiet since the holidays, and prices are unchanged. Comb honey brings 14@16c. for best white, and extracted 4@7c. Beeswax is in good demand at 23@28c. for good to choice yellow. C. F. M. & S. KANSAS CITy, Mo., Jan. 7.— The demand for both comb and extracted is light. Supply good. We quote: No. 1 white comb, l-lbs.. 14@15c.: No. 2 white. 12©13o.; No. 1 amber, 13e.; No. 2 amber, 10@llc. Extracted, white, 6@6'/4c. ; amber, 5@5>4c.; dark, 4HC. Beeswax, 22@25c. C. O. 0. & Co. PHILADELPHIA, PA., Jan. 31. — Comb honey is very plenty and slow of sale at 12® 13c. Extracted In fair demand at5@6i4c. Beeswax scarce at 27@30c. W. A. S. BUFFALO. N. Y., Jan. 21.— The honey mar- ket is very quiet. Wequote: Fancy, 13@14c.; choice, 10@12c.: off grades moving slowly, trade being only on fancy; buckwheat slow at 8@10c. Extracted very dull, at 5@6c. Beeswax, 28@30c. B. &. Co. NEW YORK, N. Y., Dec. 31— The demand' for comb honey has been very light of late and has now almost dwindled down to nothing. The supply has been accumulating and there is ft large stock on the market. In order to move it In round lots, it will be nec- essary to make liberal concessions from rul- ing quotations. We quote: Fancy white, 1- Ibs., 13c.; off grades, lie; buckwheat, 9c. We have nothing new to report in extracted. It is moving ofl' slow and plenty of stock on> the market, with more arriving. Beeswax is steady and finds ready sale on arrival at 30c. per pound. H. B. &S. SHIP ^^^^^ Dried Fruits, or Your Butter, EsBS, Poultry, Veal, Beans, Potatoes, Hides, Pelts, Wool, Hay. Grain, tJreen and Dried Fruits, or ANYTHING YOU MAY H.WE to us. Quick sales at the highest Hiarket price and i)rompt returns made. Wrire for prices or anv Information you may want. SUMMERS, MORRISON & CO., Si?^?.V^nr 174 Soutli Water .St., Chicago, III. Eeferknce— Metropolitan National Bank, Chicago^ 6A13t Please mention the Bee Jounral. List of lloncy and Beeswax Dealers, Most of whom Quote In this Journal. Cblcago, Ills. J. A. Lamon, 43 South Water St. R, A, BCRNETT & Co., 163 South Water Street. New York, N. Y. F. I. Saoe & SON, 183 Reade Street. HiLDRETH Bros. & Seqelken. 28 & 30 West Broadway. Chas. Israel & Bros.. IIO Hudson St. I. J. Strinoham, 105 Park Place. Kansas City, mo. Clemoms-Mason Com. Co., 423 Walnut St. Buffalo, N.¥. BATTEBSON & Co.. 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chas. Dadant & Son. Pbiladelpfala, Pa. Wm. A. Selser, 10 Vine St. Cincinnati, Ohio. C. F. MUTH & Son, cor. Freeman & Central avB. 110 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Fel. 14, t^onTendom moti«e». California— The next annual meeting of the Central California Hee-Keepers' AsBoola- tion will be held in Selma, Fresno County. Wednesday. Mar, 6. 18a.j. Lemoore, Calif. .T. F. Flory. Sec. MINNKSOTA.— The resrularseml-annual meet- ing of the Southern Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Association will l>e held on the first Monday In May. 189.5. at LaCrescent, Minn. All bee- keepers invited. E. C. CoRNWELL, Sec. Winona. Minn. Utah.— The Utah Bee-Keepers' Association will hold their semi annual meeting on Thurs- day. April 4,1895. at 10 a.m., In the Fish Com- missioner's rooms in the new city and county building. Salt Lake City. Provo. Utah. Geo. E. Dudley, Sec. Texas.— The Texas State Bee-Keepers' As- sociation will hold it") 17th annual convention at the apiarv of W. R. Graham, in Greenville. Tei.,on Wednesday and Thursday, April :i and 4, 1895. All inleretted are invited to at- tend. " No HOTEL BILLS." Ft. Worth, Tex. Dk. Wm. K. HOWARD, Sec. DKansas— There will be a meeting of the Southeastern Kansas Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion on March IB. 1895, at Goodno's Hall, in Bronson, Bourbon Co.. Kiins. It isthe annual meeting, and all members are requested to be present, and all beekeepers are cordially in- vited. J- C. Baloh, Sec. Bronson, Kans. RUDY'S PILF. SUPPOSITORY Is guaranteed to cure Piles and Constipation. or money refunded. r,0 cents per box. Send two stamps for circular and free Sample to MAKTIN RUDY, Registered Pharmacist, Lan- caster, Pa. No PosTAi s Answered. For sale bv all flrst-class druggists everywhere. Peter Van Schaack & Sons. Robt. Stevenson &Co., Morrison. Pluramer & Co., and Lord. Owen & Co.. Wholesale Agents, Chicago, Ills. Please mention the Bee Journal. Novlo Knock. That is what DI.SCOMTS do. And here Is a hard one: Cntil Mar. 1, a IHscounl of 5 per ft. will be allowed on my LiOW PHICKS on Comb Foundation Made by an Improved Process and New Ma- L chinery. Samples and Priceo FREK:. W.J. Fmch,Jr.,Springfield, 111 E.L.Kincaid'sAd Notice to Bee-Keepers' & Dealers. I have one of the Largest and Best Equipped Factories in the West devoted entirely to the HavinTsecured Btsc-Kecpers' Siippljcs. the right to manufacture the Improved Hlgaii«s»ille Hive Cover, I will place it on all Hives sent out this year, unless other- wiseordered. Sendyour nameon a postal card at once, for Large Illustrated Catalogue and Price-List free, giving prlc< s and lull desc ip- tion of the Improved Hive Cover, D. T. Hives, Sections. Frames. Supers, Crates. Boxes, Ex- tractors, foundation. Smokers. Veils. Queen- Cages. Etc. E. L. KiNCAio. Walker, mo. 7D8t Mention the American Bee Journal. Wants or Excliaiifles. This department is only for your •' Wants " or bcma-fide '■ E.xchangcs." and such will be Inserted here at 10 ceiiCtt a line for each time, when spf cially ordered into this depart- ment. Exchanges for cash or for price-lists. or notices offering articles for sale, will not be inserted here— such belong in the regular advertising columns, at regular rates. WANTED— :?upplies. Honey or offers, for the improve 1 " Mnnlior" Incubator and Brooder. S. HOWARTH. Florissant. Colo. TO EXCHANGE— Alfalfa Seed and Span of large mare Mules, lor Nuclei. Queens and Busswood trees. Alfnlla Circular to all who write. B. W. HOPPER. Garden City. Kans. Qeiperal Uetrjs. Packed Bees Doing Well. We have had several cases of zero weather, but the bees that are well packed are doing well. The prospect is now that the bees will come through all right, but how they will "spring" is what will tell the story. The honey crop the past season was generally light, though a few siruiiij colonies did well. Quinby's moral—" Have colonies all strong" — would help wonder- fully, especially in a short honey flow. Geo. Si'iTLER. Mosiertown, Pa., Jan. 14. Fine Weather Till Jan. 15. £t was a busy fall with me. The weather has been so fine up to the present — no snow. I may say. until yesterday morning. Bees flew every week up to Dec. 33, flying every day from Dec. 1.5 till the 33nd. I picked a dandelion in full bloom on Dec. IT. and was going to send it to the editor, but it slipped out of my fingers and dropped into some boiling wax. and it is now a wax flower, well preserved. John McArtiiur. Toronto, Ont., Jan. 14. Results of the Past Season. The year 18!)4 proved almost a failure in this section of the country, owing to the dry weather. Many bee-keepers made a total failure. As for myself, I managed to hold out. I had 30 colonies at the begin- ning of the season, and 3 large swarms on May 7. about one hour apart, which is something unusual in this part of the coun- try. Up to the closing of the season I had 7 large swarms. I put 33 colonies into win- ter quarters, in prime condition. My honey receipts were as follows; For 1S93. 983 pounds ; for 1894, 500 pounds ; decrease, 483 pounds. My standing for 1894, up to 1895, is as follows: To general inventory Jan. 1, 1894, $361.33; material secured during year, #13. 7.3; increase in bees (by swarms) .?43; total inventory Jan. 1, 1895. *31t).95. Net earnings. $68.81. Dallas Mat. Saxton, Pa., Jan. 3. Letter from Hon. J. M. Hambaugh. Friend York: — 1 presume it will not be amiss for me to arise and explain my long silence and apparent unconcern as regards the bee-interests of our State. In the 6rst place, I will say that I have had a change in contemplation for several years. The principal cause of such a reso- lution is that of poor health. It has been my misfortune for several years, as cold weather would approach in the fall and early winter, to lose my health, and as the winters pass and the genial sunshine once more approaches. I would become myself again and enjoy good health. This has led me to believe that a warm climate is essen- tial for my well being, and I have resolved to make a tour of California with that end in view. I rented my farm during the fall, but re- served the right to keep bees thereon, with shop, honey-house aud other privileges. I held a sale^ sold all personal property, etc., and during the time of our Illinois State Bee-Keepers' cjnvention we were in the midst of a general tear-up, preparatory to moving, and in the melee and excitement I neglected my annual address, and made an effort to put the job on Mr. Dadant. but it seemed to strike him in about as busy a time as myself, which he apprised me of when too late to even send an apology to our brethren then in session at fSpringfleld. That it looked rather "cold "on my part. I must admit, but my heart was with them, all the same, and they probably had a much better meeting in consequence of my absence. Be this as it may. I am still in the field of apiculture, and should even the far distant sunny slope of California eventually re- ceive me. I shall be found ready to do my mite, be it ever so little, in the interests of apiculture. My labors in the field did not go unrewarded last season in a pecuniary point of view. From nearly 115 colonies, sprint count, my crop aggregated some- thing near four tons of honey, and in- creased to 130 colonies. J. M. Hambaugh. Mt. Sterling, HI., Jan. 9. Bees Mostly Unprotected, Etc. The bees seem to be getting along very well so far. Tney have a flight or two almost every week, as it has not been so very cold yet. I hope this may be a inild winter, and a good year for bee-keeping. Spring is the most trying on our bees. The bees in this neighborhood are all without protection, as the last few winters were not so severe. I do not know how mine will come out. but I left them without protection this winter. As I had only a part of my bees protected last year, I thought I would let them all go without protection this year. Those unprotected last year came out just as well as the pro- tected. I may. however, still pack a few of them, and, if it is late, better late than never. I look for a good honey-flow this year, as we had nice rains all during the fall, and I hope we may reap a full harvest. Stick to your bees. That the big honey-flow may not find you napping, better watch. My best colony produced 80 pounds of comb honey last season. That was good for this part of the State (Cooper county) ; but a good honey-flow should far over- reach it. F. N. Blank. Prairie Home, Mo., Jan. 7. A Few Comments. Mr. Learned didn't learn what he should have learned (see page 793. 1894). He should learn that the way to get the best honey ever placed upon the market, is to use a 3-story hive with 18 brood-frames in them, and a perforated sheet of zinc be- tween them, and let the bees seal the honey and then extract it, and the larvfe gravy will not be in it. If he has been guilty of putting such honey on the market as this — there is no law against the righteous, but there is against a man who will sell honey with "gravy " in it, and sweeten it up with glucose. I sold 700 pounds of extracted honey in the country, and did not have half as much as I can sell of the same kind at 8X cents per pound. I have also one of those SIO honey queens, but she only cost me -^l.-^O. and it would take 5 colonies of black bees. too. to get her. Black bees do have paralysis. The only colony that died out entirely here, two years ago, was a colony of black bees. They can get up your pant's-legs quicker than the 5-banded golden-egg SIO honey-queen bees can, ami that is about all they can do. Friend L.. you will learn a lesson that you'll remember for ages, if that "Texas Ranger" gets after you. I'd like to see it! I have 43 colonies of bees, all doing well. The weather is fine, and they fly every day. I expect fine results the coming season. The " Old Reliable " is a dandy. J. H. Berry. Gale's Creek, Oreg., Dec. 31. Past Season— Selling Honey, Etc. We had a very backward season in 1894, until basswood bloom. White clover did not amount to anything. Fruit-bloom kept the colonies breedmg as long as it lasted. Basswood lasted about ten days, then another rest until buckwheat began to blos- som. Then the bees filled up the hives faster than I ever knew them to do from that source, and of a good quality. I got .5'35 pounds of comb honey from about '30 colonies. Some colonies did not give any surplus. I had only 4 swarms. I see that A. D. Lord, of Minnesota, re- ports on page 831 (Dec. 37, 1894), some good 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Ill yields from swarms. I had one swarm July 5, hived on starters, which filled its hive (1,152 square inches of comb space) and gave me 38 pounds of nice comb honey, which is not far behind Mr. Lord. I have no trouble in selling my honey. I make some nice show-cases, with glass in the sides ; clean off all propolis, weigh and mark the price on each section, and leave the cases, with suitable instructions, with some of the reliable grocerymen, and await results. "Results" — usually, in a few weeks. ''All sold. Any more at the same price ?" I have not sold any under 30 cents per pound last season or the present one, at retail. I have had customers for years, living 30 to .30 miles away, that send to me for honey, when I know they can get what is called " honey " for much less price. A man said to me on Christmas day, ■' Send me some of your honey. I have bought honey from others, but it was not good." He lived 3.5 miles distant. A good reputation is a good thing, but a man can- not run a dishonest business long without being found out. Many of my customers come to the house and get what they want. On page 817 and 818 (1894) I find some ideas by Chas. Dadant, which I think will cause a ray of light to illuminate the dark- ened understanding of some of our " shal- low frame" advocates. I think there is a little common sense in there, but many people, bee-keepers not excepted, look no farther than the present, and "kill the goose that lays the golden egg." Give me the deep square frame for wintering suc- cessfully, and for breeding up in spring, for the reasons Mr. Dadant has given, if no other. But there is another reason he has not given. It is a well-known fact that warm air always ascends, let it be animal or artificial ; the more stores above the cluster, so much better, making their food more suitable to their wants, and also more easily reached when needed. But Mr. Dadant also gives his objections to the square frame, viz. : a square frame must necessarily require a square hive also ; and a square hive gives little room for sur- plus honey. Now Mr. Dadant has not seen the plan of the hive I make and use, or I think he would change his notion. My frames are la'-.'slS'-V inches, outside meas- urement (either 8 or 10 frames in a hive), and so arranged that I have two squares for surplus, brought about by spacing my hive on one corner; the frames also stand on one corner. I have room for from 30 to 49 sections, depending on their width. My bees have a less average distance to reach the frames than they have in the Simplicity hive. This looks strange to some, on ac- count of the square frame, but " figures won't lie." My study for years has been to get a hive adapted to the natural propensities of the little workers ; this is the second winter trial of my hive, before giving it to the public. I have found no objection yet, nor have I found any person (at several County Fairs that I have attended) that has found any fault, unless they had an " ax to grind " of their own. T. C. Kelly. Slippery Rock, Pa., Jan. 3. A Dentist's Bee-Experience. Allow me to thank you, Mr. Editor, for the pleasant surprise on receipt of the New Year's number of the American Bee Jour- nal in its new form and improved appear- ance. I look forward with a hearty wel- come ready for the weekly visit of the Bee Journal. I have been practicing dentistry on this coast since 187.5. and I begin to feel the need of some out-door pursuit, so I am turning my attention cautiously to apiculture, although my first year was attended with loss by fire, which left me nothing but the bees at the apiary, and my second year very little out of a big crop, on account of unreliable parties managing the apiary for me. My third year (1894). which will'long be remembered by apiarists in southern California, proved a failure on account of drouth. But I have purchased a few colo- nies to replace those that starved, and I am going to close my oflSce this spring and summer, take my family and go to the "ranch;" and while we try to help the bees to store honey, we will try to restore our shattered nerves by living in the sun- shine and drinking pure mountain water. Later I may write you again of my fail- ure and disgust (the latter has not begun to crop out yet, but just the opposite — I am more sanguine than ever), or of success and a greater determination to spread " a little more out." We have at present a bright prospect for the new year, and to-day has been inde- scribably beautiful, as a great portion of our days are in southern California. I hope to be able to give a more favor- able report at the close of the coming sea- son. G. A. Millard, D. D. S. Los Angeles, Calif., Jan. 8. Bees Affected with "Grubs." Mr. Jas. Scott wrote last year in regard to a pecular " grub " or " maggot " found in the bees, and told me the other day that Prof. Cook wished to obtain some of the affected bees with the parasite. My wife was the first to discover them, and found lots of dead and dying bees on the alight- ing-boards every morning, but can find none at present, and we don't like to dis- turb the bees, as we have them all under chaft' cushions. I am not certain that I can obtain any affected live bees in the spring, but should any die from it then, and Prof. Cook can use them, I willseud him as many as he needs. I shall watch closely, and upon the first appearance of the "grub" I will notify the bee-keeping world, for if it is in reality what I think — a new pest to bees — we want to know what to do to stop or prevent its ravages. It was discovered too late last fall to tell really whether or not it would kill off bees in quantities sufficient to injure the working-force of the hives, but from the size of all I saw, I do not see how a bee could live long with one of them inside of her. S. L. Payne. Westfall, Oreg.. Jan. 9. [If you find the same trouble next spring, Mr. Payne, please send a few of the af- fected bees to Prof. Cook, Claremont, Calif., when he will report on them through the American Bee Journal. — Editor.] An Old Bee-Keeper. I used to take the American Bee Journal years ago, east of the mountains, but now I live here in " God's wonderland." I am just past my 80th birthday, and 70 years of bee-acquaintance. I have made here over 150 hives, and transferred from trees, boxes and barrels uiore than 70 colnnies, and I am just as ready for this new year as ever. I say to everybody in this blessed land, " Yes, you want bees; get some bee-litera- ture, and study God's wonderous works in the bee-hive." A. J. Bird. Dos Palos, Calif.. Jan. 8. Prospects Flattering in California. The prospects are very fiattering for a large yield of honey in this locality this year. My bees are in fine condition, carry- ing in some honey and lots of pollen Jan. 10. I counted 33 that came in at one hive in five minutes heavily loaded with pollen. Roses are blooming nicely, and everything is like June in the East. V The past year was a very hard one on bee-keepers, which are very numerous here, some of them letting their bees starve by the hundred colonies. I saved all of mine by feeding a little in August and Septem- ber, and then got some honey from them in November and December. B. S. Taylor. Perris, Calif.. Jan. 14. eOLP R£LIABLE PEERLESS FEED GRINDERS Grinds more grain to any degree of fineness than any other mill, (irinds ear- corn, oats, etc., fine enough for any purpose. War- ranted not to choke. We warrant the Peerless to be THE BEST AND CHEAPEST MILL ON EARTH. f^' Write us at once for prices and agency. There is muuey in this mill. Made only by the JOLIET STROWBRIDGE CO.,JOLIET,ILL. Jobbers and Manufacturers of Farm Machinery, Carriages, Wagons, Windmills, Bicycles, Harness, etc. Prices lowest. Quality best. 8A26t Mention the Aynerican Bet Jffl'mnaL TAKE NOTICE! BEFORE placing your orders for SUP- PLIES, write tor prices on 1-Piece Bass wood Sections, Bee-Hives, Shipping -Crates Frames, Foundation, Smokers, etc. PAGE & I^YON IHFG. CO. NEW LONDON, WIS. Awarded World'! ColambUn Orullt Prize Uedtl. ALWAYS FRESH' AND RELIABLE. Most Attractive and Instructive buyers catalogue ever published; FREE to all )• Intending purchasers. Address at once. W HW DllPlfhoO I^ockford Seed Farms • I TF I DUUnUCCi RocKFOBD, Illinois. ■ Post Office Box 637 L jjetuvuii. i/tt^z/ttftcu/fe i>ee Jou/rtuA*^ ORDER SPRING QUEENS. I will send a Guaranteed o-Banded Yellow Queen, bred from a Breeder selected from 1000 Queens (some producing over 400 lbs. of honey to the colony): or a a-Banded Italian Leather-Colored Queen direct from a Breeder imported from Italy. Oct. '94— at 75c., and a special low price for a quantity. My secret is to sell an extra-large amount, which enables me to sell at low prices. Will run this spr ng 350 Nuclei— have 1 home and 4 out apiaries. Bookins Orders Now — will begin shipping March 1st. No Queens su- perior to my Strain. E^" Send for Descriptive Catalogue and Testimonials, to Wm. a. Selser, Wyncote, Pa. Mention t Jie Ariicrici in ISee Jwirnai- HOM In 60-pound Cans. 6 cts. In oa-g-allon Barrels, 5 cts. Sanaple free. W, €. OAXHRIGHT, 5Atf Cameron, Tex. When ANSwERrNG this Advertisement, Mention this Journal. GREAT Success Jr POTATO Active, responsible agents wantea 'in unoccupied ter- ritory) to sell our un- rivalled Diceer, and SUCCESS AlTTI-CLOa W^EDEE. Send at once for full particulars and testimonials. jD.Y.Hallock&SoD, YORK. PA. 6A4t Please mention the Bee Jcinrnal. BEGINNERS. Beirinners should have a copy of the Amateur Bee-Keeper, a 70-pag-e book by Prol'. J. W. Rouse. Price 25 cents; if sent. bym!iii.28e. Tbe litt'o bf)ok and the Progressive Bee-Keeper (a live, pro- gressivf '-^S-pag-e monthly joiirmil) one vear, li.'u-. Address anj' first-class dealer, or LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo. Mentioyi the A.7nerican Bee Journal, 112 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Fel. U, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! It IB alwiiys economy to buy the best, espe- cially when the best cost no more than something not half 8o good. OUK FAL- CON SECTIONS are acknowledged to be superior to any on the market. The same Is alsotrueof our HIVKS and BEE- KEEPERS' SUPPLIES, of which we make all modern styles. OUK PKICES will be found as low as those of any of our competitors, and in many cases low- er, and you are always sure of getting flrst-clHSS goods. We also publish THE AMERICAN KEE-KEEPER, a monthly magazine (Fifth yean at 50c. a year. In- valuable to beginners. Large illustrated catalogue and price-list free. Address, THEW.T.FALCOmMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. T. 1^- W. in. CerrlNli. of East Nottius:- baiu, N. H,, is our Eastern agent. New England customers may save freight by pur- chasing of him. Mention the American Bee Jmvmal. Globe Bee ^eii By Mail for One Dollar. Five cross-bars are rlvlted In the 'centre at tlie top. These bend down ' . and button to studs OQ a neck-band. Tbe bars are best light sprlni? steel. . The neck- band is hard sprinK brass. The netting is white with face-piece of black to see through, i It is easily put together and folds ■compactly in a case, Ix6i7 Inches, Mniifiiiiii— i-^ tlir whole weighing but 6 ounces. It can be worn over an ordinary hat: fits any head; does not obstruct the vision, and can be worn hi bed without discomfort. It Is a boon to any one whoir flies bother, mosqultos bite, or bees sting. ^f^w This Veil we club with the Bee Journal for one year— both for $1.7.5; or give free as a Premium for sending us .3 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at SI. 00 each. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS Is one one of our SPECIALTIES. Foundation $1.35 tolS.OO per M for SeCtlOnSt FlTIiI. EiINE OF SUPFliIES. 1895 Catalog Ready. I. J. STRINOHAM, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK, N. T. Mentimi the A.mericmi Bee JounwL MUTH'S HONET EXTBACTOB PERFECTION Cold-Blast Smokers, Etc. Square Glass Honey Jars, For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son. Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O. Send lOo for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers. Mention the American Bee Journal. Strawberry and Raspberry Plants. Beet New and Old varieties. Best growrn Plants. Catalogue Free. With instructions for their culture. Send for it Mow. Mention this paper. Address, E. J. SCOFIELD, 3A13t P.O. Box 113. Hanoveh, Wis. The Bee-Keepers' (Juide : —on- Manual of the Apiary. By Prof A. J. Cook — for over 20 years a pro- fessor in the Michigan Agricultural College. This book in not only instructive and helpfu' as a GUIDE in bee-keeping-, but is also Interest ing and thoroughly practical and ^ientlflc. It contains a full description of the Anatomy and Phyelology of Bees. 400 pages, bound In cloth. Price, postpaid. $1.35; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year— both for only $1.75: orgiven free as a itrcTiilum for sending us .'? New Subscribers to the Uee Journal at$l eact 0. W. TORE & CO., 56 5th Ave , Chicago, 111 THAT "ST. JOE" HIVE ! Write for a Circular and Say How Many Hives You Will Need. '• I have sold all of the Hives and they give good satisfaction. I will handle no other Id the future, if 1 can get the " St. Joe." Address, Grant City. Mo EMERSON T. ABBOTT, ST, JOSEPH, MO. ^^^^^ Seventeen Years Ago «*» Dadant's Foundation Was first offered for sale. The following parties keep it in stock and iiave kept it for years for sale. Why ? Because they want to handle only the best goods, and they say they get the best goods when they buy Dadant's Foundation. Thomas G. Newman. ChicaRO, Ills. C. F. Muth & Son. Cincinnati, Ohio Chas. H. Green, Waukesha. Wis. Chas. Hertel, Freeburt:. Ills. E. Kretchmer. Red Oak, Iowa. Jos. Njsewander, Des Moines, Iowa. G. B. Lewis Co.. Watertown, Wis. James Reynolds Elevator Co., PouRhkecpsie. N Y. Pape & Lyon. New London, Wis. La. Bee-Keepers' Supply Co., Donaldsonville. La. E. F. Quigley, Unionville. Mo. Is not such a steady trade a proof of real We also make a specialty of "Veils and G. K. Hubbard, Fort Wavne. Ind. L. Hanssen, Davenport, Iowa. C. Theilmann, Theilmanton, Minn. E. C. Eaglesfield, Berlin, Wis. Walter S. Pouder. Indianapolis, Ind E. T. Abbott, 81. Joseph, Mo. J. M. Jenkins, Wetumpka. Alabama John Rey, East Sa^jinaw, Mich. J. W. Bittenbender, Knoxville. Iowa. Vickery Bros., Evansville, Ind. Mrs. Jennie Atchlev, Beeville, Texas. merit in the soods we sell ? Veil StulTs of best quality. Beeswax Wanted at All Times. Bee-keepers' Supplies, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails, etc. Samples Of Foup- dation and Tulle FREE with circular. Instructions to beginners with circular. Send us your address. CHAS. Mention the American Bee Journal. DADANT & SON, HAMILTON, Hancock Co. rLii. FARMERS, Send 10 cents in U. S. stamps and have your name and address printed in our Special Far- mers' Kirectory— which goes whirling all over the United States, to manufacturers and business men of all kinds. It will bring- you mail in the shape of letters and reading matter of all kinds, from the four cor- ners of the land. Your name inserted in three Directories for only 25 cents. Give us a trial— we guarantee satisfaction. A free copy of the Directory sent to every name recei%'ed. THE FARMERS' DIRECTORY CO. 23— I64a Champa, Denver, Coi.o. Mention the American BeaJiiitnial. Beautifully written ou a dozen Bristol Calling Cards, and Mailed to any address for 15 cents. Address. i L. L. WEAVER, Alliance, O. Promptness Is What Counts ! Honey- Jars, Shipping- Cases, and ev- I ervthingthat bee-lseepers use. Root'* (ioodK at Root's frlcea, and the best shipping point in the country. Dealer in Honey and Beeswax. Cata- '':r;::.v..w»iters.po«fcr INDIANAPOLIS. IND. OVER TWO MILLION ».r.w POLISHED SECTIONS SOLD IN JANUARY ALONE I This shows how Koofs New Sections are appreciated. If you haven't seen these Goods. sen<£ (f' for Samples and Prices, and be happy. Our 1895 Catalog Now out. Don't tall to get a Copy before placing your orders for the season. The A. I. Root Co., Medina. Ohio. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. CHICAGO, ILL., FEBRUARY 21, 1895. No. 8. 35th Year. Cot;)tributed /Vrticles^ On Important Apiarian Sub^eots- Sainfoin and Sacaline for Honey and Forage. BY CHAS. DADANT. Since my first article on extracted honey was published, I have received so many letters of enquiry concerning sainfoin, and where the seed could be obtained, that I will write what I know about it. Sanfoin needs a porous soil ; It grows well in stony or gravelly land, but cannot thrive in a compact clay soil, for its roots want to penetrate deeply into the ground. It seems that it has been tried in New Mexico, for I have received a letter from Mr. Geo. H. Eversole, who lives in La Plata, in the Northern part of New Mexico, from which I will quote the following passages: "About three years ago, seeing an account of sainfoin in the agricultural papers, and it being a leguminous plant and highly recommended for forage, I was anxious to know some- thing about it. In making enquiries concerning it, I found Tlie Sainfoin, or Esparcette, of France. out there was a small patch of it about 16 miles from here, and that it bloomed the first of May, and, to use my inform- ant's expression, the bees 'just roared on it all day.' " I sent to a seed house for four pounds of seed, and waited patiently for it to come up, but nary a plant grew. In the spring of 1893, a German friend gave me some seed, with the remark : 'Shorsh, you mussn't don't got der blues about dot sainfoin. Here vos some more seed dot vos more petter as good like dot you sowed last year.' Knowing a German had more patience than I had, I sowed the seed on about a rod of ground; it came up nicely — it did not grow up very tall, nor did it bloom the first season, but laid flat on the ground. But i^^^^^^ti ^ m m m m m Ifi^ H ^ m R^ y»Ji'^*|^Sfej P^^MJI l^^<^p ^^Mj yi w m 1 aBj y\\ Pi^ ^^fef^ m m 1 Sacaline — A Russian Plaoit. last summer it acted altogether different ; it grew, up tall, rather in bunches, and was looking very promising. The first of May it was coming into bloom, but the prairie-dogs made a raid upon it, and before I could exterminate them they''got away with one-half of it. There was alfalfa growing close to the sainfoin, but the prairie-dogs paid no attention to the alfalfa. Then, to make matters worse, my mule got into it, and by the time he got his fill there was but very little left above ground ; but what little was left, my bees did a land-otifice business upon it. The season was very dry, and the sainfoin had no mois- ture from spring till Fall, yet it stayed green till Christmas. Geo. H. Eversole. " In the part of France where I was born, sainfoin was sowed, like red clover, at the end of winter, and generally with oats or barley ; for the rotation of crops there is usually first wheat, then oats, or barley, with clover or sainfoin. These leguminous forages are allowed to remain two seasons, and in the second summer the second growth is turned under in September by the plow before the sowing of wheat. I have rarely seen sainfoin kept longer than two years, and I noticed that, when it is kept several years, the crop is far poorer than at first. When the farmers want a leguminous forage to last 114 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 21, several years, they sow lucerne, called here by its Spanish name, alfalfa. It is customary to sow this lucerne in old vineyards that have been dug out on account of their age. The lucerne is kept for 6 or 7 years on the same land, and restores to the earth its fertility, by the action of its deeply penetrating roots. There are two varieties of sainfoin in France — the Bur- gundy and the two-crop sainfoin. The latter needs better soil, and is not as hardy as the former. I advise those who desire to try this honey-plant to get a small amount, from different seedsmen, and try it first in a pot, or a hotbed. There is but little demand for this seed so far, and the seed that will be furnished to them may be old, and it is well to try it before investing largely in it. There is another forage plant which is now advertised in nearly all the seed circulars. It is the Sacaline {Polygonum Sachalinense) a sort of knot-weed. It resembles the knot- weeds or persicarias blooming in the United States, which are closely allied to the smartweed and to buckwheat. It is quite probable that the sacaline would be a good bee-plant, and as it originated in the Island of Sakhalin, in the sea of Okhotsk, between the 45th and 54th degrees of north latitude, it is probable that it would withstand our climate, and might prove a good acquisition for our farm animals and for our bees. Hamilton, 111. Moving Bees — An Open Cotifessioii. BY EDWIN BEVIN8. I am going to tell the readers of the American Bee Jour- nal about the worst " fool caper" that I have been guilty of in the course of my bee-keeping life ; not because I feel at all proud of the performance, but in the hope that some other bee-keeper may be deterred from trying to do the same, or a similar thing. Being desirous, one spring, of getting more increase of colonies than I was likely to get at home, I sent two hives to a neighbor with the understanding that he was to hive me two early swarms. The season proved to be a pretty good one for honey. The swarms were hived tolerably early, and when the white clover bloom was abundant. The frames had been provided with inch wide starters of foundation, and the swarms hived on Ihcm were big ones. Word came about the second day after the swarms were hived, and I thought I would venture to bring them home; so at night I sent a man with a spring wagon to fetch them. On arrival, the hives were placed on stands previously provided, and left until morning. In the morning, after bees began to fly freely, I went out to see my new possessions, but there was an ominous stillness about the hives. A hasty examination showed that the bees had stored honey enough, which, added to their own weight, had parted the starters from the frames, and bees, honey and starters were all mixed up together on the bottom-board. To say that I was vexed, chagrined, mortified, is to put it lightly. My instructors — Langstroth and the Dadants — had told me better, but, like other transgressors, I thought I would try it "just once." Once was sufficient. That day I dumped two large, young swarms of bees into the most convenient gully on the farm, and washed up two bottom-boards, and did these things without trying to attract anybody's attention to what I was doing. And now, my bee-keeping friends, if you have any apicul- tural sins on your souls, this winter is a good time to unload them. Let us hear from all the brethren. Leon, Iowa. First Pollen— Spring Feeding — Bee-Paralysis. Yesterday bees brought in the first pollen of the season. The cold weather has been more steady and less broken by warm days this year than usual, and in consequence we expect that when warm weather does come that our nectar-bearing flowers will be so delayed in blooming, that they will not be cut off by the frosts as they were last year. We confidently look for a good honey-flow this year. Some half dozen of my colonies were discovered the other day to be nearly without stores. The first thought was to take some combs from those colonies that had a surplus ; but the idea recurred that it would be a disadvantage at this season to unseal the covers that the bees had so industriously glued down last fall, and thus permit the escape of the warm air from within the hive at the most critical season of the year, when the bees are beginning to rear brood, and need all the warmth that they can get. So acting, I suppose, on a suggestion that I once saw somewhere, but can't remember where, I made a lot of rather thick syrup, and taking some extracting-combs that were in reserve, I filled these combs with the syrup, and inserted them in the hives where most needed. These combs can be filled quite rapidly and satisfactorily by pouring the syrup from the spout of an old coffee-pot held one or two feet above the comb, and using syrup when about milk warm. The combs can be held slanting during tUe operation, so that the syrup will flow down, filling the cells as it runs. The work was done over a large tin pan, which caught the syrup that overflowed, and ran off the combs. In this way I filled some combs as evenly and as nicely as the bees could have done. And there is this supposed advantage, that being uncapped, the syrup will have the effect to stimu- late brood-rearing. The weather has been so cool lately that bees would not come to the Simplicity feeder at the entrance at night, and the above plan is, it is thought, a better one, though involving more labor, perhaps. The cloths (made of duck) which were heavily covered with propolis underneath, were then replaced exactly as they were before, and a hot iron passed over them, with the result that they appeared when cool to be as firmly sealed as when first disturbed. I have used the enamel cloth and the duck, and find that the bees in hives covered with duck do much better than under the enamel. The reason is supposed to be that the bees will, in the course of the summer, daub every part of the duck that they can reach between the top-bars with propolis, making it air-tight, whereas it is impossible for them to perfectly ^seal down the enamel cloth to the edges of the hive. They can do this with the duck. Judging from the persistency with which bees seal up every crack and cranny about the sides and top of the hive, it is reasonable to conclude that their purpose is to prevent any circulation of air in an upward direction, and it seems to me desirable to use some material for covering over the frames that they can seal down. They cannot do this very effectually with enameled cloth. Those colonies that are covered with duck, or very heavy domestic, have uniformly done better, in my experience, than those covered with the enameled cloth. I have read with great interest the article (see page 84) of Mr. Adrian Getaz on the subject of bee-paralysis. Every close observer who has watched the ravages of this disease will fully concur with his views. That the malady is infec- tious, due to a specific germ ; that it destroys many colonies outright, and decimates many more, so that they can gather no surplus, will be admitted by every Southern bee-keeper who has seen it. Ought not the American Bee Journal unite with Gleanings in insisting that queen-breeders shall destroy every colony affected with bee-paralysis in their yards ? Quite a number of the most prominent breeders have pledged themselves in Gleanings to do this, and I submit that the "Old Reliable" should encourage this movement, and thereby aid in protecting the inexperienced from importing the dis- ease into his apiary unwittingly. If the spread of the disease is not checked, I think that in a few years it will be firmly established all over the South, where apiarists buy queens. The matter ought to be so thoroughly ventilated in the bee- papers that the public will cease to buy queens of the dealer who will stand out and refuse to take this precaution against scattering disease and death broadcast over the country. Gleanings publishes a list of the dealers who agree to destroy every colony affected with the bee-paralysis. Will not the influence of the American Bee Journal be lent to so important a reform? Public opinion will thus effectually quarantine against the further dissemination of this scourge of the apiarist. Your readers will appreciate an answer. I congratulate you on the improvement in the American Bee Journal, both in its make-up and contents. Columbia, Miss., Jan. 26. [Certainly, Mr. Novice, I am ready to co-operate with any one in any plan that will tend to reduce the danger of spread- ing the new scourge of bee-paralysis. As yet, however, there seems to be not much agreement among the experienced bee keepers as to the true cause of the disease, hence no one seems to know just what is best to recommend in regard to a cure or as to preventing its spread. But, under the circum- stances, I can see no great harm (and there may be much good) in advising all who discover the first appearance of this disease in their bee-yards, to forthwith destroy such affected colonies. I shall be glad to publish a list of the names of those queen-breeders, or dealers in bees, who will agree to follow the above advice, if they will let me know it. — Editor.1 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 115 Encouraging to California Bee-Keepers. BY DR. E. GALLUP. It is said that Southern California lost one-half their bees the past season. Now if the bee-keepers have preserved their combs, it is not such a great loss as it might be in some other localities, for, with ready-made combs it is a very simple matter to increase up to the original number of colonies, and have all in tip-top order for the honey harvest when it com- mences. We are now having abundance of warm rain, and a rapid growth of vegetation. Bees here gather sufficient to make them breed very rapidly during February, March, and April, but do not store any surplus until into May. If I had the ready-made combs, and 150 colonies of bees left out of 300, it would be just fun in this climate to increase back to the 300. Of course there is work about it, but, understand, it is absolutely necessary to exercise in order to keep healthy. So you can readily see that there is a bright side to this question. How many of our Eastern bee-keepers lose heavily in wintering, while California bee-keepers have nothing of that kind to contend with ! As it now looks, we have every reason to expect a bountiful honey harvest the coming season. PERPETUAL KANGES OF BEE-FOBAGE. I was a pioneer in Wisconsin, also in Iowa. In both States while the country was new bees did remarkably well, but as soon as the country became settled up, and all the land put into wheat, corn and grazing, the bee-pasturage was almost an entire failure, except in favored localities. But in this State, a good bee-range is perpetual, as they get their stores from the mountains, where the plow and stock cannot, and never will, interfere. Mountain fires frequently kill the white sage, but the root is left, and it springs up and makes, if pos- sible, a more luxuriant growth, but does not bloom until the second season. It grows on the mountain sides, among the rocks, where it is inaccessible to stock of all kinds. California produces worlds of wild flowers besides the sages — acres and acres of wild mustard ; but one does not want to select a range where tar-weed abounds, as the honey is worthless except for feeding. There are large quantities in Santa Barbara county, but none to speak of farther south. The bee-ranges are not all occupied yet, but it takes a great sight of hard labor to build roads and keep them in repair, in many places. Many of our bee-keepers commenced a few years ago without capital and without health, but now they enjoy good health and are above want. Santa Ana, Calif., Jan. 21. Proper Size of Hives — Comb Foundation. BY DK. ,J. P. H. BROWN. Apiculture is like some other professions in the way of progress, which seem to proceed, as it were, by a sort of ebb and flow. At one time it is 10-frame hives, then " new idea " hives of a single story of 20, 30 or 40 frames : these to rele- gate to the rear to give place to hives of 8 frames, and now these latter will most likely pass with the ebb for the flood tide to bring forward the 10-frame hive again. When I discarded the old box-hive in 1870, I took hold of the 10-frame Langstroth hive. This gave me good returns, but I wanted to do better, so when Gen. Adair brought out his small pamphlet on his " New Idea Hive" I applied the " idea" to the Langstroth frame. Adair's frame was close- fitting all around, something like a section. I made a dozen of these hives holding from 20 to 40 frames. These hives I worked exclusively for extracted honey, but when the season was over and the results summed up, I found I got no better returns from them than I did from my 10-frame hives. For several years past I have been experimenting with the 8-frame hive, and these experiments have taught me that there is a limit to hive-space (modified somewhat by locality,) which must be observed in order to obtain the more favorable results. In my locality the honey-flow proper commences about the first of April and lasts till the middle of June, after which there is a dearth of nectar till the first of September, when the fall flowers appear. The bees in the 8-frame hives would put the surplus in the sections, in the second story, and not leave enough in the brood-chamber to keep up the working force of the colony for the fall pasture. The result was, a deficiency of stores, and a necessity to feed to enable them to pull through the winter. When spring came they were weak, and by the time they built up, the best of the honey season was over, but they did not so consider it, and would proceed to cast off an abundance of unseasonable swarms. Summing up my experience on the hive question, I am satisfied that, for most locations, a hive of nine or ten frames is as small as can be profitably used for either comb or ex- tracted honey. By the way, I use a two-story hive. The second story is devoted to either comb or extracted honey; and for my manip- ulation of hives, I want a frame with a closed-end top-bar so as to be self-spacing. For this reason I have long since dis- carded the old, straight %-inch top-bar. THOSE COMB FOUNDATION EXPERIMENTS. On looking over the report of Mr. R. L. Laylor, the intel- ligent apiarist of the Michigan experiment station, as pub- lished in the Bee-Keepers' Review for November, 1894, I find from his experiments he has arrived at the conclusion that the septum of the samples of foundation be used in making his tests was much thinner than former makes of the same manu- facturers, and from this he argues improvement in the pro- cesses of manufacture. This may be so, and it may not. My observations have convinced me that bees will, when the honey-flow is light, draw out the foundation thinner — thinner septa and thinner walls — than when the honey comes in rapidly. In this matter they seem to have an eye to that same law of economy that characterizes them in other ways. When there is a great flow of honey, they work with a rush, and do not seem to take time to pare down the septum, hence in such seasons it is left more like it was when it came from the foun- dation mill. Therefore, the season may have had something to do in determining the thinness of the septa of the samples of comb at the experiment station. Augusta, Ga. How to Distinguish Robber Bees. BY S. A. WILSON. On page 783, (1894) in the proceedings of the North American convention, Question No. 11 — "In what way can we distinguish robber-bees," Pres. Abbott answers by saying, "Watch them and see if they bring any honey out." Now I have handled bees more or less for over 20 years, and if I should put on two pairs of glasses I don't believe I could tell a loaded bee from an empty one, when coming out of a hive. For this reason, I think the answer is very indefinite. And this is a very important question to a novice. One of my neighbors lost one-half of his apiary last spring, by being robbed by the other half. About the first of April I asked him how his bees were doing. " Oh " he replied, "they are doing finely ; I think some of them will soon swarm — they are working awfully strong." I said: "Are you sure they are not robbing?" He thought not ; but not long afterward he told me that he had lost one-half of his colonies by robbers. I don't know that my experience with bees has been as extensive as Pres. Abbott's or Dr. Miller's, but if I were asked the same question, I would say : Watch how they alight, or enter the hive ; if a bee drops down and walks right in, you may conclude she belongs there; but if she flies back and forth along or in front of the entrance for some time, without alighting, comparatively, to decide whether or not it is safe to alight, or to see where the guard line is the weakest, you may conclude she is a robber. But a still more positive way is, if the bees are more numerous coming out than going into a certain hive, and especially more coming out late in the evening, you can brand them as robbers. They will work possibly half an hour later in the evening than other colonies. If your miad is yet not settled, and you wish to know where the robbers come from, as the bees come out of the hive (that you suspect is being robbed) dust them well with flour, then go in front of the other hives and watch for floured bees. When you find bees covered with flour going into three or four other hives, you may know robbing is going on, and something must be done to stop it. Don't wait until you see a bee coming out loaded with honey — you may not see her until the last honey-cell is empty, and your colony dead. Adin, Calif. Essays and Questions at Conventions. BY F. H. RICHARDSON. I saw awhile ago that in Gleanings ex-Pres. Abbott sets up as a defense of the convention essay reading, that it is essen- tial to have these essays in order to give the newspapers some- thing to publish. That is good as far as it goes, but I believe that two or three good essays would answer that purpose, and if more are wanted, they should be asked for with the under- 116 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 21, standing that are for that purpose, and not to be read in con- vention. I am aware that what I have written, and my defense of the essays at the St. Joseph convention appears contradictory, but such is not really the case. I defended the essays, and demanded their reading at St. Joseph, because those men had been asked to write them, and had complied, with the under- standing that they would be read, and it would then be an injustice to them, not to say insult, to not have their essays read ; but while I defended them on this ground, I yet believe the asking for so many essays was a mistake. Mr. Abbott says : "It is all very well to take up some of the time of the convention by such questions as, ' Which is the best smoker ?' ' Which is the best queen — one with her body all yellow, or one with a tip of black at the end of her tail ?'" etc. Well, Mr. Abbott, it cost me (as my books show) exactly .§11. 40 to find out by experimental buying which smoker is best ; and as for queens, I have spent many dollars, much time and labor, and I am not yet decided, so these ques- tions, especially the latter, are to " us, who don't know it all yet," rather interesting, and somewhat practical. Again, Mr. Abbott says, "Or else become an automatic question-box to satisfy the latent egotism of those who have an unconquerable desire to ask questions in order that they may have a chance to answer them, flattering themselves all the time that they can answer them a little better than any one else. All questions are not asked for information." Let us see about this. I, at St. Joseph, put in the ques- tion-box the following question, viz.: " What can be done to prevent the bees sticking frames and hive-sections fast with propolis ?" Now, I had my idea about this, and thotig)tt I knew how it could be done. I wished this question to come up in convention, in order that I (just as Mr. A. says) might answer it. Why? Was it because I was egotistical? No! Because I wanted to bring my theory before the supply manu- facturers there present, and see what they thought of it, and to see what others thought of it, and to talk it over and see if it was practical, or if any one could suggest anything better. I claim that though I desired to answer that question myself, yet it was asked for, and I was searching after, information. Asking and answering such questions through the journals is unsatisfactory, because it is usually either answered by one man, or by a dozen without discussion, and in the latter case one will say " Yes," the other " No," and each being assured to be an expert, what have I learned? La Clede, Mo. Keeping Fertile Queens in Nuclei. BY H. DUPRET. I am experimenting, this winter, as to how long I can pre- serve fertile queens in small nuclei. Here is a short story : On Sept. 23, 1894, I got a swarm — fully 2 or 3 pounds — which issued from a colony which was replacing its old queen. On previous days I had found as many as four young queens (on different days) killed and thrown at the hive's entrance. On Sept. 2.3 I found near the hive, on the ground, a big ball of bees, and upon examining I saw the old queen (Italian blood from a Texas queen-breeder), and a piece of newly-made comb as large as my hand, containing nearly as many eggs as there were started cells. I suppose the old queen, unwilling either to die in the hive, or to live peaceably with her daugh- ter, had chosen to start a new home. I thought immediately that I should try to preserve this swarm, in my observatory hive (accommodating only one frame). So I did ; but all the bees could not get into the observatory hive, so I caught part of them, and gave them an old black queen that I was at the time preserving in a very small nucleus. The bees in the observatory hive I fed with maple syrup (a big mistake, as I see now). The queen went on laying, and the colony seemed to prosper as long as the bees could have their regular flights. But when I confined them to a dark room, diarrhea set in, and they were soon reduced to perhaps one-fifth of their previous number. So I concluded that the experimenting with maple sugar should stop, and yesterday (Dec. 16) I confined the queen and the remainder of the bees (some 700 or 800) in a small box, accommodating four one-pound sections of mostly capped honey. So much for the story of the old Italian queen. I may conclude It in a few months. Now to the black queen, with her Italian retinue. They were placed also in a very small box containing one one-pound section (% pound of honey). Will you believe it ? They are still in very good condition — may be a few bees died (there were about 250, and there remains about 150), and not the least sign of diarrhea. At the present date (Dec. 17) their honey is not quite all consumed, so I had to place them in a somewhat larger box, adding nearly one pound of capped honey. Will they get through the winter? The future will tell. One more word, and an important one, too. Upon exam- ining the frame of ray observatory hive, now empty, I found, to my great surprise, by the side of the little remaining syrup (which was never capped), nearly 2,000 eggs lying flat on the bottom of the cells. I suppose the eggs are three days old, but not a single larva. I never thought the queen would re- sume so early her laying duty. The exceptionally mild weather of last week may account for this. But then, what think you of the large colonies ? If laying is going on, a big quantity of food will be consumed, and some may starve before the spring opens. That is the reason why I am thinking of giving more food to weak colonies. PUMICE-STONE FOR REMOVING PROPOLIS. Here is another kink : Best hand cleaner for propolis, and handiest, too, is the pumice-stone (apply to your drug- gist) used with simply water, for scraping your hands. At least I find it so. Montreal, Canada. A Plan for Uniting Nuclei. BT PHILO S. DILWORTH. Various plans have been given for uniting nuclei. Much of that kind of work is to be done after the honey season, when there is not much if any honey coming in. Where the queens are not valuable, and the apiarist is not particular, there are various hit or miss plans that are fairly successful. Sometimes we wish to reduce the risk to the minimum, and at the same time do not want to cage the queen. Once last summer I tried the following plan, that is, so far as I know, original with myself : I wished to unite No. 1 nucleus with No. 9, that was also a nucleus. No. 1 had the good queen that I wished to keep — No. 9 had a poor queen I wished to kill. I killed the queen of No. 9, took away all brood and eggs, and covered her bees down on two empty combs, with a little honey. I do not understand that the presence or absence of honey in the dead combs figured in the success of this plan. I left No. 9 queen- less, broodless and eggless 24 hours until the following evening. At the expiration of the 24 hours, I went to No. 1 and covered down their queen, bees and combs of brood to one side of the hive, using a close-fitting division-board for that purpose. I then reached into the large empty part of the hive behind the division-board, and stuffed the entrance with rags. This left no communication with the empty part of the hive except through the space at the upper corner of the division-board at the tin rabbets. Then I went to No. 9, smoked the bees onto their dead combs, and carried them to No. 1, and hung them in the empty part farthest away from the other nucleus. Close to them I hung a loose division-board or follower, allowing the strange bees free access to the vacant center of the hive. But they could not get outside the hive except by passing through the apertures at the upper corners of the close division-board, and down through the good nucleus. The entrance to the good nucleus was left open as usual, except to guard against robbers, and retain the warmth. In a couple of days I found the dead combs deserted, the good nucleus about twice as strong as before, and the queen quietly laying as usual. The queen did not appear to have been disturbed by the strange bees, and none went home to the old stand. Ingram, Pa. T1^c Sut)r)\i Soui1r)lat)d^ CONDUCTED BY AIRS. JENNIE ATCIILEY, BEEVTLLE, TEX. To Southern Bee-Keepers. We have had a very cold winter, and likely a late, back- ward spring will follow, and some of your bees may need feed- ing before honey comes. It won't pay to let them suffer. We are at least one month behind on account of the cold weather, and I suppose this will apply to most Southern States, aind our bees will likely have a hard month before honey comes. We must look a " leetle oud," and supply their wants and needs. 189d. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 117 and kill two birds with one stone — while we are looking after the wants of the bees, we will be at the same time looking after our own needs — pocket-book. Do you understand ? Jennie Atchley. Fair Warning. Friends, have you been reading this winter ? If so, have you noticed that California has lost more than half her bees, Florida is frozen out,no honey crop anticipated, and the coldest weather known for years in the North, which means good-bye to all the bees carelessly put up for winter ? Now, this is one of the years for those that have bees left to look out for No. 1, and have all your supplies ready, and push your bees when the right time comes, as more than likely honey will be pretty high next fall. So look out ! Jennie Atchley. Bees Dying — Camiolans, Etc. Mks. Atchley : — 1. What is the matter with my bees ? They come out when the weather is at 20^ above zero, and die, of course. 2. What are the Carniolan bees? What is meant by " steel gray," black or blue? Do you consider them better than Italians ? 3. What bees do you think are best for honey — Cyprians and Syrians excepted ? Isaac Hays. North Yakima, Wash., Jan. 25. Friend Hays, I think your bees must have a touch of the diarrhea, and are so uneasy that they cannot stay inside. I think that trouble will all pass off as soon as warm weather comes, or when they get a chance to fly. 2. I do not know what gave the Carniolan bees the steel- gray name, but I suppose it is because the bees are about the color of steel, where a piece of steel is broken in two. You know it will show a kind of bright silver-gray appearance, which is about the color of the genuine Carniolan bees, and they are neither black nor blue, but a rusty gray, and I think simply "gray Carniolans " would be more proper. I am not able to say whether they are better than Italians. I have tried them three years, and like them, but I could not yet say whether they are better than Italians. But you might try them and report. 3. I would not turn around for difference for honey-gath- ering, between the 5-banded Italians, 3-banded, or Carnio- lans. I think that a good strain of either race is safe for a bee-keeper. It is not the bees every time at fault, but the keeper. Jennie Atchley. Report of the Southwest Texas Bee-Convention. BY F. A. LOCKHART, SEC. (Continued from page 106.) NUMBER OP colonies FOR A BEGINNER. As nearly all present were beginners, or wanting to begin, Question No. 1 was, " How many colonies should a beginner start with ?" It was answered as follows: Mr. Graham — 5 colonies. Mr. Lockhart — 5 colonies. Mr. Bankston — I began with 50 colonies, and made it a success from the start, and I think if a person is going to make a bee-keeper he can manage 50 colonies the first year. Mr. Victor — One to 10 colonies. E. J. Atchley — About 3 colonies will be enough for the average beginner. Jennie Atchley— 5 to 10 colonies. I think that if a per- son has the right turn of mind for a beekeeper, he or she will not be content to start with 2 or 3 colonies, but will neces- sarily need more to hold them down. Willie Atchley— I think about 20 colonies, if the begin- ner is in reach of a good bee-keeper where he can run for advice when he gets tangled. Otherwise, about one colony will be enough. Dr. Marshall — About 10 colonies, if he can get help from a neighbor, as Willie says. If not, better have less. Mr. Lord — 1 to 5 colonies. C. Theilmann — 1 colony, and let him have a side-issue whereby he may make a living till his bees are increased with his knowledge. Mr. Theilmann, of Theilmanton, Minn., was then called onto give his report, which is as follows: 200 colonies, spring count, and 45 pounds per colony, all comb honey except 1100 pounds of extracted. His whole crop was about 9,000 pounds. He had 75 pounds of wax. Fred Cooke also came in and reported. He lives in the vicinity of Austin, Tex. He had 50 colonies, averaging 150 pounds of comb and extracted honey per colony. Question No. 2. — What books or papers should a beginner read ? was asked. It was thought best by all the beekeepers present that a beginner should have one of the leading bee- books, and then he could add to his literature as he chose. THE REQUISITES OP A BEE-KEEPER. Question No. 3. — What are the requisites one should pos- sess to make a beekeeper ? Mrs. Atchley — I think these : Push, pluck, sticktoitiveness, and a love for the business. Mr. Graham — I think natural adaptation has a heap to do with it. We are all more or less adapted for something, and I believe when a bee-hive is seen by one that is adapted for a bee-keeper, he will halt and make some inquiry. Mr. Victor — I think one should be a lover of nature. Those that look after bird's-nestsand such things when young. Those that love to stay around where bees are, and when a bee stings him, grin and hang on. He must have nerve, and stay with 'em. I think such an one will succeed. Dr. Marshall — Common sense and courage. Mr. Lockhart — I do not like to discourage any one, but I am sure just every one will not make a bee-keeper. One who loves the bees and has grit enough to stay with it, through good and bad alike. E. J. Atchley — I think the requisite to a successful bee- keeper is one that goes into it for love as well as money, and I think that when a person goes into bee-keeping for the money alone that there is in it, he will fail, very often. You must go in for the glory as well as the money. Mr. Theilmann — I think one, or the best, requisite is to look at both sides, the dark and the bright. I came to your country to see the dark side, and I think I struck it at just the right time to see it. HOW TO START IN BEE-KEEPING. Question No. 4. — Would you advise beginners to buy bees in box-bives and transfer, or would it be best for them to buy bees in the latest improved hives ? Dr. Marshall — Improved hives. Mr. Lord — Get bees in box-hives and transfer, and when the experience has been bought, get frame hives. Mr. Victor — Get some improved hives is best, and study books and bees, and when you have learned to handle bees, then you can get bees in box-hives and transfer, etc. Mr. Graham — Improved hives. Mrs. Atchley — I used to advise beginners to get bees in box-hives first, but I have seen some give up bee-keeping in disgust by just making a mock of transferring before any knowledge was known of bees, and now I say, get frame hives. Mr. Lockhart — I would advise improved hives. A. D. Hanna — My experience is this : Better start at the bottom, and work up, and meet all the obstacles. Then the beginner is in better shape to overcome troubles on the way. Mr. Theilmann — I agree with Mr. Hanna. I killed TO colonies, and I find that people lose more than they gain by starting with the improved hives. It is best to read and prac- tice at the same time. E. J. Atchley — I would advise beginners to start where we quit. I would let them start where we have stopped, and not have to go through with all the bitter experience. There is no use in beginners being so long learning to handle bees nowadays. QUEENLESS BEES STEALING EGGS. Question No. 5. — Will hopelessly queenless bees go into other hives and steal eggs with which to rear queens, and go into the queen-rearing business ? Dr. Marshall — No. I would advise people to be content until God makes a race of bees possessed with reason. Mr. Bankston — Yes, I think that Henry Alley will soon be advertising such queens for sale, that will produce bees that will do that. Mr. Victor — I do not think that I could ever expect a dollar out of such bees, and do not want them. Willie Atchley — I do not think that bees move eggs from anywhere for the purpose of rearing queens, or for any other purpose. I would just as soon expect my old turkey hen to go to another turkey's nest and steal eggs to hatch a brood, as to expect bees to steal or move eggs. Mr. Lockhart — I think any one is crazy that thinks bees do the like. Mr. Graham — Bees are too honest to steal eggs. They 118 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 21, may steal honey, but if my bees get to stealing eggs from other bees, I'll sell them, for I know they would " kick," and not store any honey for me. Jennie Atchley — No, there are no such bees, and never will be, as that would be a plain case of the keenest of reason, and any of us know better. E. J. Atchley— No, bees do not steal eggs, in my opinion, as that would place them alongside of human beings possessed with reason, and we know better. PBKVKNTING PROPOLIS ON THE TOP-BAES. Question No. 6. — What device can be used to keep bees from sticking propolis on the top-bars of the brood-frames ? Mr. Graham — I don't know. Mr. Victor — I don't know, either. Dr. Marshall — I find that any poison, or anything that will keep the bees from using propolis, will be an injury to the bees. At this moment Mr. 0. H. Stevens, of South Dakota, came in and gave his report as follows : Spring count, 28 colonies, increased 28, and took 600 pounds of comb honey. He fed 500 pounds of sugar to get his bees in good condition to gather the flow. Then the discussion of questions went on as follows : Mrs. Atchley — I don't know what can be used to keep propolis off the frames. Mr. Atchley — I don't know. Willie Atchley — Some think that to allow a good-sized hee-space will cause bees to use less propolis, but I find that bees will build comb in the space if too large, which is worse than propolis. FOUR ANNUAL NORTH AMERICAN CONVENTIONS. Question No. 7. — Would it not be better for apiculture to have four North American conventions each year, to be held at different points, only so all could go ? Dr. Marshall — Traveling expenses are in the way, and I do not think it would be a success. Mr. Lockhart — It might be a good idea for each local con- vention to send an invitation to the North American Bee- Keepers' Association to visit the South, and see if it could not be induced to come nearer. Then we would get to see and hear foreign bee-keepers. Mr. Flornoy — I do not think that is what we need. I think we need a south Texas convention, as what those people living in the North have to talk about mostly is how to winter bees, bee-cellars, etc., and that would not do us any good, and still it is one of the all-important questions in the North. I will ask that Mr. and Mrs. Atchley agitate this, and see if we cannot get a south Texas convention. Dr. Marshall — We have a Texas State Bee-Keepers' As- sociation, and it meets annually, and our meetings are not at- tended as they ought to be. I think we should use some plans that will induce bee-keepers to attend, and when we meet and talk over our experiences, etc., we go home enthused, stimu- lated and ready to take right hold and push the bees, and I tell you we need bee-keepers to attend our meetings, and then we have more chance to elevate the pursuit. CUKE FOR BEEl'ABALTSIS. Question No. 8. — Have you discovered the cause of bee- paralysis, or a cure for it ? Mr. Graham — I have no experience. Mr. Lord — I do not know of the disease. Dr. Marshall — I do not think there is much of this disease in Texas, as I do not run across any. I do not know of a cure, nor the cause. Willie Atchley — I do not know any remedy, nor the cause. C. Theilmanu — I have had it in my bee-yard, and have experimented with it. I tried salt and water, exchanged • queens, and neither did any good. Also sulphur, and the dis- ease went away, but I don't think the doctoring did any good. It hurts the bees to use too much sulphur. Mr. Flornoy — This is a new thing to me. How does it affect the bees ? Mr. Theilmann — At first we see some bees on the alight- ing-boards that seem to be shaking, or act as if they had a chill ; and some bloat up and die, and you will see from a spoonful to a pint of dead bees in front of the hives of the diseased colonies. With prolific queens they seem to keep up until good, warm weather, and honey comes in, then they seem to get all right. Mr. Bankston — I have had some experience, and tried sulphur, and I killed my bees outright. I do not know whether the sulphur or disease killed them, (Continued next week.) CONDUCTED BY DTt. C. C. AIILLBR, MARElfGO, ILL. [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct.} Comb Honey or Extracted ? — Snow at Hive-Entrances. 1. At the present prices, which is the most profitable, comb honey or extracted ? 2. Is it needful to keep the entrances of hives clear of snow ? It sometimes disturbs the bees to clear the snow away. Sherwood, N. Y. S. B. H. Answers. — 1. That depends altogether upon circum- stances. For some, comb honey is more profitable ; for others, extracted. 2. A light snow covering the entrances will do no hurt, and sometimes will do good by keeping out the cold wind. If the snow melts and clogs the entrance, it's best to clear it away, for if it freezes in that shape, it may prevent the proper entrance of air. Probably Troubled with Mice. I still have 10 colonies of bees on the summer stands, with corn fodder around them. I have 2 colonies that there is something the matter with. All the bees that fall down to the bottom of the hive have their heads cut off. What is the matter with them ? The rest are all right. We are having cold weather now — it is snowing to-day. Perrysburg, Ohio, Jan. 23. W. M. D. Answer. — Likely mice are troubling. Get some coarse wire-cloth, with three meshes to the inch, and put at the en- trance. This will keep out the mice, but not prevent the pas- sage of the bees. If in doing this you shut the mice in the hive, of course that will not be a perfect cure, but if mice are plenty it will be a good thing to thus close the entrance, even if a mouse should be fastened in. Better have one mouse fastened in to do its worst — and it probably will do no worse for being fastened in — than to have a dozen with the full run of the hive. Bees Flying in Winter — Feeding — Hoffman Frames. I began with one colony of bees in the spring of 1893, and now have 4 in seemingly good condition. They are packed in single-walled hives on the summer stands. When the ground is all covered with snow, aud the sun comes out warm and bright, they come out, gel chilled, I suppose, fall on the snow, aud perish. A few days ago, I could see dead bees for several yards from the hives. I have put wire screens in front to prevent them from coming out, but I find several dead on the screens — especially those facing south. Now, I should like to know if they ought to have their way, and be permitted to fly out whenever they " think " it warm enough. (I am from Louisiana, and have lived in Indiana barely three years.) 1. Ought I to put up those screens? Last winter was so mild that I had no trouble of this kind. 2. When should I begin feeding in order to put the queen to work increasing bees for honey-gathering, and how long should I continue to feed ? 3. A design increasing my stock — gradually — to 50 col- onies. I want to adopt the most suitable hive with necessary appliances for comb and for extracted honey^a hive fit for out-door wintering. I want the best brood-frames. I have the Hoffman frame, but think there may be one less objec- tionable. I want your advice about hives, frames, etc. Groves, Ind., Feb. 4. W. J. D. Answer. — 1. I think this is one of those cases in which you would better let the bees have their own way. If a bee in good health wants to get out when the sun shines, it isn't likely to be injured by it. Whether it's a good thing for it or not, if it finds itself penned in it will be all the more deter- mined to get out, and it will not be satisfied with trying to get out itself, but it will stir up a lot more to waut to get out. A good many bees, however, that want to get out on fine days are not possessed of rugged health, but such as have finished their lease of life, and ask nothing but to get out of the hive to die. They'll die whether they get out or not, and it is 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 119 better for the colony that they die outside. So you see it is unwise to compel the bees to remain in the hive by anything like screens through which they cannot pass. There are times, however, when it would be better if bees would remain in the hives, provided they would do it willingly. If a light snow is on the ground and the sun shines brightly, they may come out, become dazzled by the sun, and sink in the soft snow, never to rise, as you mention. To prevent this, it is a common practice to put boards or something of the kind in front of the entrance to prevent the sun shining in. Some advise having the hives face north in winter, so the bright sun will not entice them out, while others object to this, because when a warm day comes when they should fly, then it is an advantage to have the sun shining on them. 2. I'm not sure whether I know the right answer to that question. Some will say to feed every day whenever bees will fly, while others will say don't feed at all, unless the bees are short of stores. Of the two, I believe I would rather take the advice of the latter. If the bees have all the stores they need and a little more so that there seems no need to economize, they will probably rear brood nearly as well as if a good deal of feeding was done. Still, if there should be a spell of good weather in the spring after the bees had been working on flowers, and there seemed no more flowers for them to work on, I should feel tempted to give a half-pound or so of honey or syrup to each colony about every other day, giving it to them pretty thin. 2\.s soon as they can gather from flowers, then it is well to let up on the feeding. 3. The hive and frame question is one that is hard to settle. At present there seems a tendency to go back to something larger than the S-frame hive which has been so popular. Years ago the lO-frame hive was the popular one, and some of our best bee-keepers think that is too small, especially for extracted honey. It is possible that a two-story may find favor, having 8 frames in each story. At present I know of no frames in use better than the Hoffman, all things consid- ered, but a good many object to the shoulders on the end-bar. A Question About Hives and Frames. I have been trying to keep bees for two years, and have had no success yet. My brood-frames are 9%xlOJ^ (9?:^ deep). Is that size too deep or too wide? I mean inside measure. The brood-chamber is 11 inches deep, 12 wide, and 18 long. Is that too large for extracted honey ? Grand Prairie, Tex. Earnest Novice. Answer. — The sizes of your hive and frames are quite unusual, and yet I doubt whether it would make such a great deal of difference if you had those most commonly in use. So far as size is concerned, most producers of extracted honey would prefer something larger. If you confine your bees to the one story throughout the season, they are certainly in too limited quarters. If you will tell a little about your management, and the bees' management, possibly some hints may be given that will be useful to you. Kut first and fore- most, have you thoroughly studied a good bee-book ? If not, can't you secure the "ABC of Bee-Culture," that the pub- lishers of this Journal are offering on such remarkably favor- able terms? It will be worth many times its cost to you. [See offer on page 126. — Editor.] Restless Colony — Italian Bees and Five-Banded. 1. One colony of my bees has been dying since Nov. 1, 1894, from some disease unknown to me. Their abdomens become swollen or distended and they drop from the comb to the hive-bottom dead. After death some of them turn a little dark in color, and the top of the hive, when opened, smells like decaying bees. The queen in this colony lays every month in the year. On Jan. 15, I was looking through this hive, and I saw sealed brood in the two middle frames, as wide as your two hands. Last summer this queen reared as many bees as any two queens I have. What is killing my bees, and what is the remedy ? 2. What strain of bees is the best honey-gatherers, and the best to winter on the summer stands ? 3. At what age will a queen lay the greatest number of eggs? 4. What is your opinion of the 5-banded bees ? 5. Why will bees hang out all summer, and not swarm ? Fellowsville, W. Va., Jan. 28. B. T. Answer. 1 should suppose that this queen and her colony are peculiarly restless and active in character, keeping on the move and rearing brood when other colonies are quiet. This being the case at a time when they cannot fly freely, their intestines become distended; in other words, they are troubled with diarrhea, and death results therefrom. No special treatment will meet the case, but you can do anything that may prevent them from being excited or disturbed. If the light shines in at the entrance, put a broad board or some- thing of the kind in front to shade them. See that they are not closed up too warm. Cats, birds or living things may be disturbing them. As the weather becomes warm enough for them to fly freely, you may find them come out all right. 2. Taken all in all, the Italians seem to be the favorite. I don't believe they'll winter any better than the blacks, but in West Virginia I doubt if you'll have any trouble about their wintering, and they are generally conceded to be better gatherers. 3. I don't know. Perhaps in her second year. 4. If half a dozen different men set to work to rear a strain of five-banded bees, neither of them paying attention to anything but color, I should expect that five out of the six strains would not be as good as the three-banded bees, and very likely the sixth would be poor. But if a careful and conscientious breeder should breed up a strain, weeding out bad qualities and retaining good ones, I see no reason why he might not at the same time develop the five bands. So I should say that there are probably bad and also good 5-banded bees. They are said not to winter quite so well as others. 5. Perhaps they're not gathering enough. Growing Basswood from Sprouts. I can get from 900 to 1,000 basswood sprouts by cutting them from the stumps. They average from one to four feet long. Will they grow, or will they have to have roots on? What are such sprouts worth ? 0. R. H. Sennett, N. Y. Answer. — I don't believe they are worth anything with- out roots. Of course, a florist might take a sprout without roots and start roots from it just as he does from a rose cut- ting, but with ordinary appliances nothing of the kind could be done. To be of any value they must start from the stump so low down that they will have roots attached. Warming Hives Artificially. On March 2, 1894, I tried Mr. Hutchinson's way of packing two hives with sawdust, and they did better than those packed with dry leaves. He says to leave them packed until after they swarm, and as they did not swarm at all I left them so all summer. They commenced hanging out on May 3, and were only driven in once to stay a few days, and that was on May IS — it snowed nearly all day. Each colony filled 56 one-pound sections, which had only starters. What would be your opinion of warming the hives by artifi- cial heat? How would it do to take any number of hives from 10 to 200, and place them in rows, with the backs turned together, and have them packed to retain the heat, and then have a steam-pipe between them, so that any degree of heat required could be turned on or shut off at well? I believe that the inside of the hive should be kept 90° to 100^. Caledonia, Wis. W. K. Answer. — I don't like to discourage anything in the line of experiment, but I very much doubt if your scheme would be successful, I have never heard of any success in that line, although it has been tried to some extent. A. I. Root was at one time quite sanguine of success with hives surrounded with horse manure in hotbed style, but the experiment was a fail- ure. Bees have also been kept in greenhouses in winter, but not successfully. You can't get too far away from nature's beaten track without generally coming to grief. If you try anything of the kind at all, I should advise it on so small a scale that you need shed few tears over its failure. Xltat ]\e\v !iong' — " Queenie Jeanette" — which is being sung everywhere, we can send you for 40 cents, postpaid, or club it with the American Bee Journal for one year — both for only $1.20. Or, send us one new subscriber for a year (with $1.00), and we will mail you a copy of the song free. Experience is of course the best teacher, and its lessons nearly always leave on record instances of failure, of a more or less serious nature, which have to be met before final success can be ensured. — ISlmtnbis. 120 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 21, PnBLISHED WEEKLY BY GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, 50 Ftftb Avenue, - CHICAGO, ILL. $1.00 a Year — Sample Copy Sent Free. [Entered at the Po8^0fflce at ChicaKO as Second-Class Mail-Matter.] EDITOR. Assisted by the following Department Editors : Dr. C. C. Miller - - . "Questions and Answers." Mrs. Jennie Atchlet - - - "The Sunnt Southland." "Gleaner" .... "Among the Bee-Papers." "Bee-Master" "Canadian Beedom." Dr. F. L. Peiro " Doctor's Hints." Rev. Emerson T. Abbott - - "Notes and Comments." Vol. niV. CHICAGO, ILL, FEB. 21, 1895. No. 8. Editorial Budgets "tilft Up Thy Heart with gladness, Forget all minor pain, And life's strong chords shall answer back In blissful major strain. Strike thou the note of joyousness And it shall come to thee, For life is built from all the things Which we expect to be." I)r. V. V. :TIiIlef, of Marengo, 111., made me a short but pleasant visit last week, when on his way to Peoria, 111., to assist Rev. E. L. Williams, of the Presbyterian church, in evangelistic services. Dr. Miller conducts the singing, which insures success in that part of the work. Xlie Inaisiua State CoiiTenliou, at Indianapolis, Jan. 9, was one of the best ever held by that association. The following were elected as officers for the ensuing year; President, Walter S. Ponder; Secretary, Edward S. Pope, 33.5 Blackford St., Indianapolis; Treasurer, Mrs. Olive McCurdy; Vice-Presidents, Dr. J. M. Hicks, Richard Kittley and Geo. P. Wilson. Secretary Pope has sent the essays to be published in the American Bee Journal, which will be done as soon as possible. Mr. A. KaKtnian. an old bee-keeper living in Union, III., called at the Bee Journal office last Thursday. He returned from a trip to the State of Washington the middle of last month, having purchased an SO-acre farm about 10 miles from Spokane. Mr. E. will remove there at once, with his family— he expected to start last Saturday or Monday. His address will be Duncan, Spokane Co., Wash. He will raise fruit and keep bees in his new home, which he is already in love with. After keeping bees there, Mr. Eastman has kindly promised to write about it for the readers of the American Bee Journal. Sonietliing- Historical.— lu his " Echo f rom-Canada, " on page 132, Rev. W. F. Clarke gives some interesting historical facts about the American Bee Journal. Read it, even if it should be a familiar story to you. Mr. Clarke sets a good example, in that he is the first to contribute to Bee-Master's department. Now let other Canadian bee-keepers who feel they have something to say that will help their bee-keeping friends, just send on their con- tributions for "Canadian Beedom." I am sure Bee-Master wUI appreciate it, and it will tend to make that department of more value to our northern neighbors. Where are those staunch men and vigorous, practical bee-writers, Bros. Pringle, McEvoy, Mc- Knigbt, and others ? This may be the season for hibernation among animals, but that's no reason why bee-keepers should be mum, too. Turn on the electric light of correct apicultural knowledge, and see how quickly ignorance and superstition melts before it. ■^-'-^ Mr. S. I. Freeborn, of Richland Centre, Wis., died Feb. 5, 1895, in his 63nd year. For many years he had endured a bronchial affection and stomach trouble, which became more serious last fall, practically confining him to his home until his death. A few weeks ago he contracted, pneumonia which finally resulted fatally. Mr. Freeborn's son-in-law, Mr. C. A. Hatch, of Ithaca, Wis., when informing me of the sad news, said; "Mr. Freeborn was one of the pioneer bee-men of Wisconsin, and one of the largest bee-keepers at the present time." The American Bee Journal wishes to tender its sincerest sym- pathy to the bereaved family and friends. Next week it will pre- sent a short sketch and portrait of Mr. Freeborn. A l\eM- Kind of l>evil. — Yes, they've got him in Califor- nia. Several of him, in fact. For short, they call him a "bee- devil," for he (and his brethren) have so bedeviled a whole apiary that it is beyond the hope of redemption or salvation. One of our exchanges tells about it in the following paragraph ; There is a species of beings that are known for short as bee- devils. They are not common in civilized communities, which is a consolation to apiarists. They sometimes don war-paint and whoopup an apiary in idiotic style. Recently they made their appearance in the apiary of Mr. Lang, in the San Fernando Valley. They wished to demonstrate to the world their grade of civiliza- tion, which would disgrace a Hottentot or Rootdigger Indian. They got up steam on sour wine, and then proceeded to biz by turning over 100 colonies of bees, riddling extractor and tank with bullet-holes, and rolling them down the mountain, and then pro- ceeded to wipe out the apiary with less decency than Bruin would have done it. Mr. Lang was away at the time. These bee-devils are known, and will yet feel a pungent sting from the strong hand of the law. Let missionaries be sent to that benighted locality. Yes, that's right; send " missionaries" up there to teach the bee-devils, and everybody else, to let "sour wine" severely alone, and all other intoxicants. " Touch not, taste not, handle not " is good advice about such dangerous things. IMr. and IVIrs. W. .1. CuIIinan, of Quincy, III., are again bereaved, in the death of their son and only child. A letter dated Feb. S, reads thus: Friend York: — Again our hearts are lacerated with deepest grief. For on Feb. 3 our only remaining little son, George William, 43o years of age, closed his eyes in death. He had been sick only about IS days with typhoid fever. 'Twas hard to give up this brightest ray of sunshine in our home, just as he was budding into beautiful boyhood. At a point where children become most inter- esting, the silken cord that bound his little life to earth was snapped, and that life took on the garment of Eternity. Two sons — and those our only ones — within a year ! This is the cross we are called upon to bear; and still we pray, " Father, Thy will, not ours, be done." It will be long before this second wound is healed. Little Georgie was a promising child, and we anticipated a bright and useful future for him ; but God willed it otherwise, and we are sad. W. J. Cullinan. Having passed through a somewhat similar affliction recently, Bro. Cullinan, I can sincerely sympathize with you. It was our first-born that was taken from us almost before it was given, and we know how sad it is to be thus left alone. I am sure the bee- keeping friends all unite in a feeling of deepest sympathy for you in your darkened home. Some have almost chided me for taking so much space in the Bee Journal for such matters as these, but 'tis all right, friends. You won't think these notices area waste of space, after the Death Angel has once visited yoi(r home. No, no; you must all pass through the same dark hours some day, and I'm sure you'll feel that a sympathetic word at such a time is most welcome indeed, though words be then so empty and unsatisfying. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 121 ^rr)or)^ \\)c Bee-Papcrs Conducted by " GLEANER." ILLINOIS STATE BBE-KEEPEBS' ASSOCIATION. The editor of the Review wants to know why this society did not hold its 1894 meeting in Chicago, according to the understanding had when the " Northwestern was merged into the Illinois State." He hints at.the advisability of a new Northwestern, if Illinois doesn't wake up. What's the matter with those SucTiers? THE BEE-KEEPING OF THE FUTURE. In an essay read before the Ontario convention, Hutchin- son says : "Bee-keeping in the early days was a side-issue, ■then it became a specialty and will remain such in favorable localities, but over a large portion of the country it will become again a side-issue ; but improved hives, implements and methods will make of it a more desirable and profitable avocation than it was in days gone by." KEQUEENING AN APIARY. Here's the plan given by E. F. Quigley in Review. Get one or two good tested queens near the close of the main honey-flow. Start queen-cells each day. When a queen-cell is about ripe, put it between the combs of a colony to be requeened, having removed the queen three days before. Or, cells may be put in supers without removing the queen, and in 80 per cent of the cases success will follow. HIGH-PRICED PRODUCTS OF THE APIARY. Seems good to see something again from J. A. Green (page B5.) But what makes him leave us in the dark as to how he got the bees to make queen-cells in January ? I don't believe everybody could do it. Perhaps he's a little "off" as to $25 an ounce being the highest price ever paid for the products of the apiary. I don't know how much has been paid for stings or poison, but I think a good deal more than $25 an ounce has been paid for queens. DAMPNESS IN BEE-REPOSITORIES. There's a lot of sense in the following words of Doolittle, in Gleanings : " Now, I wish to say to each and every one, that, so long as bees are quiet, or very quiet, no matter where they are, whether in the cellar, in a room above ground, or on the summer stand, they are wintering in the best possible condi- tion, and should be left undisturbed, no matter if the place where they are is dripping with moisture, or so dry that you may fear the bees are suffering from want of water. Quiet- ness is the essential quality for safe wintering, for with it always comes the least consumption of stores, and with a minimum consumption of stores comes the least possible exhausted vitality and the greatest longevity during the spring and early summer days." so UN-"RELIABLE" AND MISLEADING. Is the editor of "The " Old Reliable " jealous ? or what makes him try to mislead his readers about who makes the Review ? On page SO he prints the pictures of four men, headed " Men who make the Review." Those four men don't make the Review. It's W. Z. Hutchinson, and a mighty good paper he makes. There's also an attempt to mislead on page 60, where it says " Root's iron lasts ;" evidently conveying the impression that Root's iron lasts longer than other people's iron, and I don't believe it does. Let the " Old Reliable" be reliable. [Now, look here, you young upstart of a "Gleaner,'' you'll get yourself into trouble if " you don't loog a leedle oud, maype alretty." If Bro. Hutchinson says that only four good Ji en "make the Review," why, it's none of my affair, or yours either. His name is signed to his advertisement, and if you want to "scrap" with anybody, just tackle "Hutchy '' himself. You have my full consent to " sail into him," "and glean 'im all oop." Another thing, Gleaner: If you don't believe "Root's iron lasts longer than other people's iron," you don't have to. But I'm willing to defend him so far as to say that I'm sure Root's last iron is as good as his first, hence it " lasts." — Ed.] Miss Rose Roese. My sister. Rose Roese, was born Dec. 15, 1867. Prom early childhood she was a lover of the busy bee, and used to follow father fearlessly when at work among the hives. At the age of 13, when father and mother went to camp meeting, after staying away from S to 10 days, sister Rose would volunteer to stay at home to see to things, and take care of the bees. And as camp meeting time (the middle of June) usually is the swarming time in this part of the coun- try, she watched and hived carefully every swarm that issued, without any loss. As Rose grew older she proved to be quite efficient help to father in the apiary, outside of her school hours. She studied hard to qualify herself for teaching in the common schools, and at the age of 16 she obtained her first certificate, or permit, to teach, and the money she thus earned she spent again during her attendance at the State Normal school at River Falls, Wis. She taught school successfully until her 23rd year, when she devoted herself to the care of Rose Roese. suffering mankind, and for this purpose she enlisted in the 5- years' training class for medical missionary work at the sani- tarium at Battle Creek, Mich. After two years' faithful ser- vice she had so won the confidence of her instructor and superintendent in charge, that she was permitted to visit patients alone. In the third year of her course (now a year ago), she came home to attend a family reunion. I being taken sick shortly after, she proved then the means of saving my life, according to my physician's own statement, for he could not have gotten here in time to do me any good. After she saw me out of danger, she returned again to the Sanitarium, but, sad to say, only for two months, for she was compelled to come home, having contracted that dread disease — consumption. Her sufferings were far beyond description, from April to Dec. 2, 1894, when she fell asleep. A few days before her death she requested me to read to her 1st Thessalonians, chapter 4, verse IS, to the end of the chapter, relying firmly on those comforting words, with the hope of a glorious resurrection. She called all the family to her bedside on Thanksgiving Eve, bidding each one good-by, with the request that each lead a Christian life, and meet her in Heaven. 'Tis hard to break the tender cord, When love has bound the heart; 'Tis hard, so hard, to speak the word — We must forever part. Dearest sister we must lay thee In the peaceful grave's embrace; But thy loving memory's cherished Till we see thy Heavenly face. Mrs. Minnie Wagnbb. Maiden Rock, Wis., Jan. 17. CONDUCTED BY Rev. Emerson T. Abbott. St. Josepli. AIo. ■What For. — "We cover all our bees with a solid board, made out of inch lumber, dressed on both sides, cleated at the ends to keep from warping. Over this board we put into the chamber some straw four to six inches deep." — E. France. 122 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Fel. 21, Now, what I would like to have some one explain is, for what reason is the straw put in ? Is it put in to keep the bees warm, to absorb the moisture, or what ? What element of safety does it furnish in this case, anyway? I know that many, perhaps the majority of bee-keepers, have long had an idea that bees could be kept warm by placing around and above them a few inches of straw, but can they? I, for one, do not think they can, and I will venture just here to make an assertion the truthfulness of which anyone can test. No colony of bees covered with an inch board sealed tight and left out-of- doors, with the entrance wide open, will ever die from cold in this United States, if said colony of bees has plenty of good sealed honey above the cluster, in the combs on which the cluster forms, provided said colony was strong and healthy when it went into winter quarters. I have repeated, time after time, during the last ten years, "Bees do not freeze, they starve!" All of my experience during that time has only gone to strengthen my coovictions of the truthfulness of the statement. For the first five years I was in Missouri I kept from 150 to 200 colonies of bees, and I was buying and sellngbees all the time. The result was that I had all sorts of hives in my apiary. I began with the notion that I could put a few inches of chaff or leaves around bees and keep them warm. One of the hives in which I found colonies of bees that I bought, had room enough to pack a foot of straw or chaff all around the brood-chamber, and I put it in. Some had room on top, and I put it in there, and some had no room anywhere, and, what seemed worse, were in hives made of ?8-inch lumber. What was the result? In almost every case the colonies in the thin hives cast the first swarms. Their frames were 12 inches deep, and they had plenty of honey in the riuht place. I see Mr. Pond mentions in a late number of the American Bee Journal the fact that his bees winter on their summer stands, and seem to defy the cold in the same way. You say this may be true in the South, but it will not do up North. Well, Mr. Pond is not in the South, and I want to say again that I am confident my theory is correct. North or South. I was very much interested in a reportfrom Sweden which appeared in the Canadian Bee Journal for January. The writer says, " Bee-keeping is general here up to 62 degrees. Occasionally bee-keepers are to be found up to the polar circle." Prof. Nordenskold, he says, reports wild bees at the North Cape. "In spite of the cold temperature the bees here winter on their summer stands." When we remember that the winter is six months long in that country, and the mercury ranges from SO to 40 degrees below zero, we will conclude that there bees would surely need a fire to keep them warm, if bees do anywhere. They do not, all the same, any more than the polar bear needs a fire to keep him warm. Bees will keep themselves warm, if they have access to plenty of food and there are plenty of bees to start with. I end as I began — What is the straw for? Conducted by "BEE-MASTER." An Eclio From Canada— Somctliiiig; Hiitorical. BY REV. W. F. CLARKE. Bee-Master, Sir;— As my apiary is located within the bounds of "Canadian Beedom," it is fitting I should express the pleasure I feel that the editor of the American Bee Journal has had enterprise enough to start a department with this title. I think there must be a number of Canadian bee- keepers who have, like myself, a warm side toward "The Old Reliable." When I began to keep bees, there was no bee-journal pub- lished on this contiuciit so far as I knew. The American Bee Journal was started by Mr. Samuel Wagner in 1861, but owing to financial difliculties growing out of the War, it was suspended at the close of the first year. I began bee-keeping in the spring of 1864. In January of that year, I under- took to edit the Canada Farmer. Looking forward to this undertaking, and feeling that bee-keeping was the only branch of agriculture of which I was utterly ignorant. I bought the works of Langstroth and Quinby, the perusal of which introduced me into a new world. I felt that I must get a colony of bees to see if these things were so or not. When the American Bee Journal resumed publication, in July, 1866, I subscribed for it and have taken it ever since. Finding there was a volume that had been published in 1861, I got it, and my file is complete so far as the first seven vol- umes are concerned. In Feb., 1872, the lamented Samuel Wagner died, and there seemed no one available to take his place. All eyes were turned to Rev. L. L. Langstroth to step into the vacant chair, but his health did not admit of his assuming the responsibility. I was president of the North American Bee-keepers' associa- tion at the time, and had recently resigned my pastoral charge. I was laboring under the auspices of the Ontario Government for the establishment of an Agricultural College, and had some spare time on my hands. It was known that I had gained some experience as an editor, by conducting the Canada Farmer for five years, and being, by this time, an enthusiastic bee-keeper, as I have been ever since, I was requested by leading members of the North American Bee- Keepers' Association to take hold of the American Bee Jour- nal. A requisition to this effect was presented to me signed by 28 of the leading bee-keepers who were at the annual meeting of the North American Bee-keepers' Association, or communicated with immediately afterwards. Among them were Rev. L. L. Langstroth, M. Quinby, A. I. Root, Capt. J. E. Hetherington, E. Gallup, Prof. Cook. M. M. Baldridge, and Aaron Benedict. This document will be found in full in the American Bee Journal for January, 1873, and is dated Indianapolis, Dec. 5, 1872. I acceded to this request, went to Washington, and nego- tiated with Mr. G. S. Wagner for the purchase of the American Bee Journal, bought it, and removed it to Chicago, edited it for two years, and then transferred it to Mr. Thos. G. Newman, under whose able management it was carried on until it passed into the hands of its present proprietor, Mr. Geo. W. York, June 1, 1892. I have briefly run over these historical circumstances which are doubtless new to many American and Canadian bee-keepers, to explain the interest 1 have always taken, and still continue to take, in the American Bee Journal. I was sorry when Mr. Newman connected a supply busi- ness with the American Bee Journal. During my proprietor- ship of it, I steadfastly refused to do anything of the kind, thinking, as I still do, that it would lessen the independence of the Journal. I was glad when a divorce was effected, and hope Mr. York will be so liberally supported by the bee- keepers of the North American continent that he will be able to maintain the American Bee Journal in its present position of impartial friendliness toward all supply men, without having any personal interest in the goods or manufacturers of any. I regretted much when Mr. D. A. Jones commenced to cut rates on bee-literature, by starting the Canadian Bee Journal as "the only §1 weekly in the world." The American Bee Journal was then paying fairly well, but I think it has had a hard struggle since, and a shoal of "Cheap John" literature has sprung into existence which has not been for the best interests of the pursuit. Even now, fewer bee-peri- odicals and of a higher quality would be productive of the greatest good to the greatest number. I have written this to justify my warm interest in the American Bee Journal, and to give, as I think I -have done, good and sufficient reasons for lending my warm co-operation not only to the " Canadian Beedom" department, but to the American Bee Journal as a whole. Personally, I would like to see it restored to its old price of S2.00 a year, at which rate it would be able to employ the best apicultural talent in the world, and tower aloft as immeasurably superior to any other bee-periodical on the habitable globe. Guelph, Ont., Feb. 9, 1895. ^ ^ ^ J .4»*A**AA44< 00 bd O OB! Woo S T hj ^ a> O t" - SB D •» 6d o c a OPS" 3 g- •5' £ c a; TO o" 2 CD 2. "" Ei o — c B S2. p. o ."< 5 5 P ^ ^ 1°: o '^ ""Ho ai T o -. © -< 2 » o s p (5 2 ~i ^ o ^ o 1. ^ c PS to r^ (5 Is s. On' o B- 5 TO 'r*> -" i-l ^ o ^ S. « (5 p s •« • S B O D B O c* cr5 o B g K; 0_ ^ O Q ^ -1 o ~^ p - _. B B ^ S TO ■ P B> r* P B o E3" O O B" s ft ft B R s o- M M n- o n rf ■a c B n P C B b' & B 0 a B 1? • TO o »-b P. « 1 I 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 123 C^oiiTeiitloD Notices. California.— The next annual meeting of the Central California Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion will be held in Selma, Fresno County, Wednesday. Mar. 6, 1895. Lemoore, Calif. J. F. Flory. Sec. Minnesota.— The retrular semi-annual mee*" Ing of the Southern Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Association will be held on the first Monday in May, 1895, at LaCrescent, Minn. All bee- keepers invited. B. C. Cornwell, Sec. Winona. Minn. Utah.— The Utah Bee-Keepere' Association will hold their semi-annual meetingon Thurs- day, April 4,1895, at 10 a.m., In the Fish Com- missioner's rooms in the new city and county building-. Salt Lalse City. Provo. Utah. GEO. K. Dudley, Sec. Texas.— The Texas State Bee-Keepers' As- sociation will hold it" 17th annual convention at the apiarv of W. R. Graham, in Greenville. Tex., on Wednesday and Thursday, April 3 and 4, 1895. All interested are invited to at- tend. "No HOTEL bills." Ft. Worth, Tex. Dr. Wm. K. Howard, Sec. nKANSAs— There will be a meeting of the Southeastern Kansas Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion on March 16. 1895, at Goodno's Hall, in Bronson, Bourbon Co., Kans. It isthe annual meeting, and all members are requested to be present, and all bee-keepers are cordially in- vited. J. C. Balch, Sec. Bronson, Kans. RUDY'S PILE SUPPOSITORY Xs guaranteed to cure Piles and Constipation, or money refunded. 50 cents per box. Send two stamps for circular and free Sample to MARTIN RUrjy, Registered Pharmacist, Lan- caster, Pa. No Postals Answered. For sale by all first-class druggists everywhere. Peter Van Schaack & Sons. Robt. Stevenson & Co., Morrison. Plummer & Co., and Lord, Owen & Co.. Wholesale Agents, Chicago, Ills. Please mention tlae Bee Journal. Novl5 EVERGREEHS ""'^ "^^ FOREST TREES Grape Vlnee, Small fruits, Sliruba ana lioses. Sample Order ^0 1 : 2u0 evergreens, seven varieties, including Colorado Blue Spruce, (Picea Pun- eens), sent to any address in the United States, express prepaid, for ^2; I one-tialf of abovejl, 36 page wiiole- ■ sale catalogue and "Howto grow ever- greens" Fre6> Received highest „ ,^ award at the World's Fair. Large THE ELOiH NuRSESlES discouuts for early Orders. Address, "Gu"" Eiciei ITatiosal Nuiiety Co., Elsia, 111. 4A8t Mtntijon the American Bee JawmOL Annual Catalogues have been re- ceived from the following — dealers in bee-scpplies. Leahy Mfg. Co., Higginsville, Mo. I. J. Stringham, 105 Park Place. New York, N. Y. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. Emerson T. Abbott, St. Joseph, Mo. SEED AND NURSERY DEALERS. Ezra G. Smith, Manchester, N. Y. D. Hill, Dundee, 111. L. L. May & Co.. St. Paul. Minn. Johnson & Stokes, Philadelphia, Pa. incubators and BROODERS. Prairie State Incubator Co., Homer City, Pa. Des Moines Incubator Co., DesMoines.Iowa. Reliable Incubator and Brooder Co. ,Quincy , 111. Geo. H. Stahl, Quincy, HI. Wants or Excliajiges. This department is only for your ■' Wants" or bona-flde '• Exchanges," and such will be Inserted here at 10 cents a line for each time, when specially ordered into this depart- ment. Exchanges for cash or for price-lists, or notices otfering articles for sale, will not be inserted here- such belong in the regular advertising columns, at regular rates. TO EXCHANGE— Alfalfa Seed and Span of large mare Mules, for Nuclei, Queens and Basswood trees. Alfalfa Circular to all who write. B. W. HOPPER, Garden City, Kans. Honey & Beeswax Harket Quotations. CHICAGO, III., Feb. 7,— The weather has been so cold that it prevented the shipping of comb, and the trade has been light to local dealers. Choice white comb sells at 14@15c. There is demand only for that put up in ex- cellent shape. As a rule, dark grades are slow, prices ranging from 9@10c.; good, light color, 12@13c. Beeswax, •.J7@28c. R. A. B. & Co. CHICAGO, III., Dec. 27.— Up to the present the sales on honey have met with our expec- tations. We have received considerably more honey than we figured on handling, owing to the short crop report, and we think the early shippers reaped the benefit. However, we are now getting the a\erage price, viz. : Fancy, 15c.; white. No. 1. 14@13c. Extracted, 6@7c. Beeswax, 38@29c. J. A. L. CINCINNATI. O.. Jan. 7. — Demand for honey is very quiet since the holidays, and prices are unchanged. Comb honey brings 14@16c. for best white, and extracted 4@7c. Beeswax is in good demand at 23@28c. for good to choice yellow. C. F. M. & S. KANSAS ClTr, Mo., Jan. 7.— The demand for both comb and extracted is light. Supply good. We quote; No. 1 white comb, 1-lbs., 14@15c.: No. 3 white. 12®1.'fc.; No. 1 amber. 13c.; No. 2 amber, lOOllc. Extracted, white, 6@6!4c.; amber. 5@5i4c.; dark, 4!4o. Beeswax, 22@25c. C. C. C, & Co. PHILADELPHIA, PA., Feb. 15. — Comb honey is very plenty and slow of sale at 12® 13c. Extracted In fair demand at b&Q'Ac. Beeswax scarce at 30®31c. W. A. S. BUFFALO. N. Y., Jan. 21.— The honey mar- ket is very quiet. We quote: Fancy, 13@14c.; choice, 10@12c.; off grades moving slowly, trade being onl.v on fancy; buckwheat slow at 8®10c. Extracted very dull, at 5@6c. Beeswax, 28@30c. B. &. Co. NEW YORK, N. Y., Dec. 31 —The demand for comb hone.v has been very light of late and has now almost dwindled down to nothing. The supply has been accumulating and there is a large stock on the market. In order to move it in round lots, it will be nec- essary to make liberal concessions from rul- ing quotations. We quote: Fancy white, 1- Ibs., 13c.; off grades, lie; buckwheat, 9c. We have nothing new to report in extracted. It is moving off slow and plenty of stock on the market, with more arriving. Beeswax is steady and finds ready sale on arrival at 30c. per pound. H. B. &S. SHIP ^^^^ Dried Fruits.or Your Butter, Egrgs, Poul try ,Veal, Beans, Potato es. Hides, Pelts, Wool, Hay. Grain. Green and Dried Frui ts, or ANYTHING YOU MAY HAVE to us. Quirk sales at the highest market price and prompt returns made. Write for prices or anv Information you may want. SUMMERS, MORRISON & CO., Si'l'J^^^S? 174 .South Water .St., Chicago, lU. Befebence— Metropolitan National Bank, Chicago, 6A13t Please mention the Bee Jounral. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers, Most of whom Quote In this Journal. Cbliat^o, IIl8. J. A. LamON, 43 South Water St. R. A. Burnett & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. Y. F. I. Sage & Son, 183 Reade Street. HiLDRETH RROS. & SEQELKEN, 28 & 30 West Broadway. Chap. Israel & Bros., 110 Hudson St. I. J. Stringham, 105 Park Place. Kansas Citjr, ITIo. Clemoms-Mason Com. Co., 423 Walnut St. Bafialo, N. V. Battbrson & Co., 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chas. Dadant & Son, Philadelphia, Pa. W.M. A. Selser, 10 Vine St. Cincinnati, Ohio. C. F, MUTH & Son, cor. Freeman & Central aye. Doctor^s );i\r)is By DR. PEIRO, Cljicag-o, 171. Red Flannel and Rheumatism. No, Mrs. Smith. There is no more virtue in red flannel than in white — not a bit. The idea that it keeps off rheumatism is a joke. But it is very proper to wear nice, clean flannel. Confidential Advice. You really want to whisper your troubles in my ear, do you ? Well, dearie, let it right out, and I will be glad to advise you. Boys and girls need confidential advice just as much as older folks. You can write to me whenever you like. "Blackheads" on the Face. "Blackheads" that come on your face are not bugs, but diseased hair-roots. They are due, mainly, to impaired vitality. A cold-water bath twice a week is one of the very best tonic remedies for them. Headache In Clilldren. The headache of school-children is often occasioned by retaining the secretions of the nose indefinitely and often "snuffing up." A liberal use of the pocket handker- chief is the best cure. Hypnotism Danserons. Hypnotism is the control of one person's mind over that of another, by which the mesmerized individual becomes, for a time, entirely subject to the caprice of the opera- tor. It is a dangerous experiment, and should not be permitted. The unfailing evidence is in the enlarged pupils of both eyes. Poison-Ivy. Well, it is queer that some people can sleep right in a patch of poison-ivy and not suffer a particle, while others are made miserable if they accidentally look at it ! Chapped Hands. Oh, dear, how those chapped hands hurt! But this preparation is the very best I have ever used: Two drams subnitrate of bis- muth, ten drops carbolic acid, and a quar- ter pint of rose-water. Shake well and rub on the hands. Remedy for Constipation. Wteat-bran is an excellent remedy for constipation. A tablespoonful in a glass of hot water, night and morning. A pinch of salt may be added if preferred. Hair-Dyes. Uncle Dan wants to know which is the best hair-dye. There isn't any "best;" they are all bad and harmful. Clam Chowder. " Clam tonic," eh ? The best is prepared in the old-fashioned way, with chopped clams, potatoes and other good things, and is usually called "clam chowder." That the juice alone is a tonic, is sheerest non- sense. Never Say " Doc." No, John, don't show y our iU-breeding by calling any physician " Doc." It is, as all other nick-names, disrespectful. " Doctor" or '• Mister " are the proper terms. 124 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 21, THE KEYSTONE DEHORNER ^ Cuts clean on all eides-does not crush. The ) most humane, rapid and durable knife ) made, fully warranted. Hicheat World's ejg\ Fair Award. Descriptive Circulars Free. ^A.C.BROSIUS, Cochranville, Pa. 1 3 E 1 3 Mtnlion the A merican Bet Journal. Hunt's Foundation Led all others in the Gt)vernraentexperiinent8 It exceeded the Given by 6S4 S.and ali the rest by 24!/j. See Sept. Review, 1894. The Largest, Most Comprehensive Catalog of ev- erything needed in the Apiary, Free. Cash for Beeswax, or will inalje it up in any quan- tity, m. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, JTIlcb. 4Etf Mention the American Bee J&wmal LARGEST LINE Made in the World. ALL STEEL OR WOOD STEEL LINEU. Perpetual & Large Bale, Steam, Horse & Hand Power- Guaranteed the Best- Write for Catalogue. FinOlS aFG. CO., Chlui^o, IlL Apl mention the American Bee Journal. Dovetailed Hives, Sections, Extractors. Smokers, and everything a Bee - Keeper wants. — Honest (iJoo^o hi'^h,bu]I ttron' pig and chicken tijj;ht, fu 13 to 20c. A man and bov can ma^e I from 40to 60 Rods »l day. OvcrOOdifrorentetylesI Catalof'uo Frca Addre.ss, r KITSELMAN BROS., Rldgeville, Indiana. ' Mention Vie Amcriatn Bee Journal. Question;) 'Box> In the multitude of counsellors there is safety.— Prov. 11-14. Stamping Sections of Hone}. Query 959.— Two neighbors differ in re- gard to stamping sections. One puts his stamp on all sections, before they are made up. The other stamps only such sections as are filled with first-class honey. Which is right? And why?-W. M. B. Rev. M. Mahin — It is a mere matter of fancy and convenvience. R. L. Taylor — It is a matter of fancy. Let each one please himself. Eugene Secor— Both. They have a perfect right to do their own business in their own way. E. France— If I put honey on the mar- ket I stamp it with my name, but grade it 1st, 2udand 3rd. Dr. J. P. H. Brown — I have never stamped any, but I should only stamp those that were filled, and the ones for sale. B. Taylor — I would prefer to stamp the honey after it was stored. I take care to have my stamp on superior goods only. G. M. Doolittle — I can see nothing along the line of right and wrong to hinder any one doing as he pleases about stamping sections. Can any one ? Mrs. L. Harrison— It might be well to stamp all sections, and educate con- sumers in the different kinds of honey. I see no wrong, only a matter of choice. Prof. A. J. Cook — I see nothing wrong in either. If you do, do not do it. If some one orders of No. 2 such horney as he labels with his stamp, he should send as good. W. G. Larrabee — I prefer to stamp only the marketable sections, for other- wise the stamp is liable to be blurred with propolis, or scratched off in clean- ing the section. Mrs. Jennie Atchley — If he sells his second-class sections he should stamp them the same, but I would not stamp until filled. Put your stamp on all you sell, good or bad. J. E. Pond — This is an individual mat- ter. I don't know that there is any question of right or wrong about it. Of course, stamping only flrst-class honey will keep up a reputation. Dr. C. C. Miller— Either is right. The stamp of the first shows that it's honey of his producing, that of the second that it's some of his best producing. Perhaps the second is the better way. Mrs. J. N. Heater — Stamp everything that goes on the market, and send noth- ing out that you would not be willing to own as your own honey. Every section thus stamped is an advertisement for you. H. D. Cutting — It depends upon your market. I had honey at the World's Fair with the producer's name on a beautiful label put on every section, and one buyer did not want it because of the label. Rev. Emerson T. Abbott — This is not a question of right or wrong in a morr.l sense, if that is what you mean. People who want to cater to the best trade pre- fer not to stamp anything but flrst-class goods. They put all other on the market without any name, to be sold at a re- duced price to those who want that class of goods, and I cannot see that any harm is done to a customer by so doing. I do not put my name on any poor goods, if I know it. J. A. Green — I should advise stamping only such as are first-class, unless the stamp indicated the quality. The stamp is useful only as an advertisement, and it ceases to have any value when placed on a poor article. Besides, it is apt to mislead the consumer. James A. Stone — The latter — because he harms no one by leaving his name off the bad ones ; but he harms himself by putting it on. Then sell each on its merits. I have stopped putting on my name — still they find out whose it is, and enquire for my honey. C. H. Dibbern — I used to stamp my sections before getting them filled — "Choice White Clover Honey" — and sometimes got nothing better than "honey-dew" in them. I now only stamp sections after they are filled, which does not misrepresent the quality. G. W. Demaree — You must decide this matter for yourself. The principle of "right" is a "jewel" of high value, but not sought after by many. I put my label on all the honey I send to market. If it is not first-class, I do not recom- mend it as such. But I hold myself re- sponsiole for all the honey I sell. Is not this right ? P. H. Elwood — That depends upon the reason for stamping. If he is troubled with thieves, he can trace his honey bet- ter if all are stamped. There is no ob- .I'ection to his stamping second quality honey. There is a demand for second quality, and if he markets a good grade the marking will help him. If not, the mark will help some one else. Wm. M. Barnum — The stamp is put on as an advertisement; and surely he who advertises his name along with a poor quality of goods is a very poor busi- ness man. Consumers want good honey — not bad ; and the object of the stamp is to let them know where they can get it. The other kind of advertising is apt to work in a way the advertiser will not relish : the consumer will avoid his " goods." Advertise ! but let only that which is " extra fine" go out in connec- tion with our advertisement or name. This is the "secret'' of successful ad- vertising. EVERGREENS! Headquarters in the United States for all varieties and sizes of Hardy Nursery cri>wnevercreens and orna- mental trees. Prices the lowest. ffSix $-^>.iXt and #10 00 bargains. Over 7/ten million evergreens and a large ■ stock of other trees. Illustrated catalogue free. I want a good Local Agent. 0. HILL, Eiver^een Suecialist. Dundee, ill. SAlOt Please mention the Bee Journal. Tpiunofs^n uvvuioiUY 31(1 ttojjtwjf QNI ■a'llIASNVAa lSia9o 'HaAaMKamvAi '3 t Sq, paqsnqn,! saaqs'Bax ojeniv o% no]jonpaH piBdisod sluaD 0^ aoHd '^nns ja^ajaqiuiiq b saJfEK -ONOS ZXIVAV Y— ! 31i3NV3r 3IN33nd 4 isaxvi 3HJ. auv3H noA 3Avh 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 125 ill the West. -COMPLETE STOCK.- Good Supplies and Low Prices-Our Motto. We are here to serve you, and will, if you grive us a chance. falalo^DC Free. Address. Mention this Journal. LEAHY MANUFACTURING CO.. HIGGINSVILle, MO. California If you care to Isnow of its Fruits, Flowers, Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper — The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Paclflc Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated, $2.40 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL, PRESS, 220 Market St.. - SAN FRANCISCO. CAL. BEESWAX WANTED ! For Cash at Highest Price ; Or III Exelianse for Foundallon at liOivest Price, Wholesale and Retail. Don't fail, before buying or selling, to write for Prices and Samples— to GUS DITTmER, AUGUSTA. WIS. Reference— Augusta Bank. 16At( Mention Oie American Bee Journal HONEY FOR SALE. I have about 3000 lbs. of Basswood Honey for Gale at 7 cents per lb., in 60-lb. cans, oq board cars. I will g-uarantee it strictly pure. 2A John Wagner, Buena Vista, 111. It's High Time To prepare for next Season's Honey Crop. Hives. Sections, Foundation, and all needed Supplies for the Apiary should be on band when wanted. I can supply you promptly. " Bees and Honey. " bound in cloth, presen- ted on orders of ¥10 and over. P^ Catalogue tree on application. Thos. G. Kewraaii, "^cli7^V^^f^"i.^" Meiition the Aincrican Bee Jounuil. ARE YOU LOOKING For the BEST in Bee-Hives, Sections, Cases, &c.? G. B.LEWIS CO., Wateitown, Wis. If so, drop us a Postal and we shall be nleased to send you a copy of our 1895 Catalojrae and Price-list, :iie.iciUYn the American Bee Journal* i( I TOLD YOU SO. »» Mrs. Atchley:— The 19 l-frame Nuclei I bought of you last year with Untested Queens, gave me 78.5 lbs. of section honey and 175 lbs. of extracted honey, besides some unfinished sections. The best one gave me 120 one-pound sections well filled. Heber. Ut^h, Oct. 9, 189i. J. A. Smith. Now, didn't I tell you it would pay to ship Bees north to build up and catch the honey- flow? Beesbytlie Pound, on a Comb and Honey to last the trip— $1.00: 10 or more Pounds 90c. per pound. INIICIjEI— $1.00 per Frame; lOormore Frames, POo. each. Untested Queens to go with them [same as Mr. Smith got] 75c. each. (JNTESTKD QCJKENS— by mail, either l.eatUcr-Colored Italians, 5-Bands, or Carnlolans-Jl.OO each; S5.00 lor 6; J9.00 per Dozen— till June 1st., then 75c. each; $4.25 for 6. or $8,00 per Dozen. TE*TKO QI'EENS— 3-Bands, $1.50 each; 5-Band8 and Carnlolans, $2.50 each. Fine Breeders, of either race, or Imported Queens, $5.00 each. My Straigbt 5-Band Breeders, $10,00 each. FUL.!, COL.ONIES— with Untested Queens. $6.00 each. Send for Prices and Discoants to Dealers, and by tbe Qnantltles. I have the only ^Unm Rao HivP P9<>iarv i" South Texas and UlCdlll DcC-niVC rdllUlj Bingliam Sniokcrs._ Safe arrival guar- Foundation, anteed on everything. Root's Goods, Dadant _ kcrs. Safe arrival i Send for Free Catalogue, that tells all about Queen-Hearing. Qei;)eral Hcnfs^ Timely Bains in California. We are having timely rains in abundance so far this winter, and should they continue through the usual rainy period into March, or April, we shall expect a good honey year. There is. to my mind, however, a possible barrier to anything like an extra honey season, existing in the condition of the shrubbery (on which we rely largely for our honey), because of the very dry season just past, which seems to have operated sadly against the growth of new wood in sufficient amount to furnish the standard amount of flowers and flowering wood. Allen Barnett. Whittier, Calif., Jan. 16. A Beginner's Report. I started keeping bees last spring (what a poor year to start!), buying two colonies, one in a box-hive, which I transferred, then I increased it to two colonies. The other hive was fitted with Simplicity frames. I got 60 "pounds of comb honey, and in- creased to five colonies. How is that for a beginner ? Herbert S. Jones. Ludington, Mich. Bather Discouraging' for Some. The bee-business has been rather discour- aging in Nebraska for the past four or five years, to any one who has depended upon it in any sense for a living ; and I cannot see much hope for the future, in this part of the State, unless alfalfa is cultivated plentifully as a hay and forage crop. As for myself, keeping only a few colo- nies, more for the pleasure than the profit, I don't share the gloom of the larger bee- keepers here, who say that their bees don't pay for the attention they must give them, much less prove a source of profit. And then, one can have as much/«//, with a few colonies as with a thousand, and much less expensive. I have 3-banded Italians, and want nothing better. They winter weU on the summer stands, and come out booming in the spring. I always stimulate them in the spring, and when there is no honey-flow in time to have the hives full of bees when it does come. C. O. Cornelius. Ashland, Nebr., Jan. 21. JEN^riE ATCHLEY, Beeville, Bee Co., Tex. Honey-Dew on Beech Leaves, Etc. Whoever heard of the like ? My bees worked on them from sun up till sunset. They worked more on some trees than others. Upon close examination. I found that the leaves were curled or rolled up about X of their size, and in the inside of the rolls were dozens of small, greenish- white lice, that deposited little round glob- ules of liquid, and upon shaking the leaves they would roll out like small shot on my hand. The heat of the hand would soon cause them to melt. The fluid was nearly transparent, but the "honey" that the bees stored was dark, like buckwheat honey. It is tough, almost like taffy, but has a sour, nauseating taste. Some of the bees worked on the beech leaves right through white clover and bass- wood bloom. It seemed as though there was not much honey in the clover and bass- wood blossoms this year, although the trees were loaded with blossoms. So I got only about 150 pounds of nasty, sour, nauseat- ing honey-dew. I don't know how the bees will winter on it; most of them seemed to have plenty of stores for their own use. I had 17 colonies, spring count, and they increased to 2S, besides several swarms went to the woods. I winter my bees on the summer stands, and, as a general rule, successfully. Last winter I did not lose any. I use the Falconer chaff hive, mostly, and work for comb honey only. My bees have had several nice, cleansing flights through December, but now we are having a foot of snow, and 7 degrees below zero. 126 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Fel. 21, TheABCofBee-Mnre By A. I. ROOX. It is a Cyclopedia of everything pertainlnsr to the care of the hone\'-bee : (t contains 400 pages about ei^xlO inches in size, and nearly 200 Illustrations. Now is your chance to pe"l it-aud not cost you a cent! The regular price of this booli, bound in cloth, is $1.25. Below we tell how j ou can get it free: We will mall you a copy of "A B C of Bee- Culture. " bound in parchment cover— a very heavy paper— FREE for sending us only Xwo New Subscribers to the American Bee Journal for one year; or we will Club it with this Journal fi.r a year— both together for only $1,70. We will mail you the cloth-bound book FREE lor sending us only Four New Sub- scribers to this Journal for a year; or we will club it with this Journal for a year— both together for only $-2.10. Besides the above, we will give to each of the New Subscribers a Free copy of New- man's 160-pa^e book — " Bees and Honey." This is a rare chance to get one of the most valuable textrboolis on bee-keeping publisned anywhere. More than .'JO.OOO copies of *'A li O of Bee-Culture " hare lieen sold during the past 15 years s nee it was first issued. No other bee-book has reached anything like so great a circulation as this. G. W. YORK & CO., 56 5th Ave., Chicago, 111. THE A. I. ROOT GO'S GOODS IN MISSOURI :i"2-page C'atalogue Free. 4Atf Jolm Nebel A; Son, Hl{2:li Hill, I*Io. ORDER SPRING QUEENS. T will send a Guaranteed 5-Banded Yellow Queen, bred from a Breeder selected from 1000 Queens (some producing over 400 lbs. of honey to the colony): or a 3-Banded Italian Leather-Colored Queen direct from a Breeder imported from Italy. Oct. '94— at 75c. ^ and a special low price for a quantity. My secret is to sell an extra-large amount, which enables me to sell at low prices. Will run this sprng-SoO Nuclei— have 1 home and 4 out apiaries. Bookins Orders No^v— will begin shipping- March 1st. No Queens su- perior to my Strain. 1I^~ Send for Descriptive Catalogue and Testimonials, to Wm. a. Selser, Wyncote. Pa. ingstrotli -REVISED BY THE DADANTS- ON ■the Honey-Bee This m igniflcent classic in Ijee-literature has been entirely re-written, and is fuU^' illustra- ted. It treats of everything relating to bees and bee-keeping. No apiarian library is com- Elete without this standard work by Rev. L. . Langstroth — the Father of American Bee- Culture. It has 520 pages, and is substan- tially bound in cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.40; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year— both for $2.15; or the book free as a premium for sending us 4 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at $1 each G. W. YORK & CO., 56 5th Ave., Chicago, 111. TAKE NOTICE! Before; placing your orders for SUP- PLIES, write for prices on 1-Piece Bass wood Sections, Bee-Hives, Shipping -Crates Frames, Foundation, Smokers, etc. PAGE & LYON MFC CO. NEW LONDON, WIS. PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION HaN No Sa*; in ftrood- Frames Thin Flat-i;ottoni Foundation Bas Ac Fishbone in the SDrplas Honey. Beln»; the cleanest 1b usually worked the quickest of any Foundation made J. VAN DEIISEN & SONS, Sole Manufaciurera, Sprout Brook MootKOmery Co., N. Y. 17«-, C!q1/» —Alfalfa Comb Honey— X UX OcilC snow-white, 12 cts. ; partly from (Jleome, light amber, lie. per lb. D. S. JENKINS, lias Animas, Colo. 5Att Mention the American BteJoumax. One good point I noticed in favor of the much-abused black bees last summer. Right in clover bloom we had a cold rain — it really was a little chilly, and the sun did not shine after the rain was over. But the black bees were just as busy bringing in honey as any days when the sun shone ; while their yellow-banded cousins staid right at home in their hives. So the black bees must be warmer blooded. Another trait — they can beat the " yellow bands " in storing nice, full sections of honey, with nice, white, smooth cappings. which makes it pass as No. 1. I find the blacks a little harder to handle, but they are not so much inclined to swarm. I have mostly Italians and Carniolans; some of them I can handle without using a veil or smoke. I have had about 10 years' experience with bees, but so far I have never had any large surplus honey crops. I don't believe that this is one of the best places for honey. We have quite a number of farmers here that keep bees, and I am the only one that takes a bee-paper — the rest " know it all by heart." They never look at their bees un- less they swarm, or when they want to get some honey. They say the papers are only printed to make money. But to their sor- row, the most of them lost their bees the other winter, for want of care, and then the next season they let the moths destroy the combs, and frames also; and now they say there is nothing in bee-keeping — it doesn't pay! E. J. Fosselmax. North Jackson, Ohio, Dec. 31. Indignant Emm Wee. (See page 56.) Indignant Emm Dee is as mad as can be. And fain would the myst'ry unfold. In regard to the plan, for selecting a man, With the u'umuii left out in the cold. If Indignant Emm Dee will please write to me, I will send a poetic effusion. Containing a key, that Indignant Emm Dee May arrive at the proper solution. Morenci, Mich. W. S. G. Mason. Los Angeles Cotmty Convention. The Los Angeles County Bee-Keepers' Association, at a meeting held in Los An- geles, Jan. 13. 1S95, endorsed a resolution which was introduced by N. Levering, re- questing the State Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion to memorialize both the State Legisla- ture and the National Congress, to enact suitable laws to suppress the adulteration of food. A committee of five was appointed, to formulate a constitution and by-laws suit- able for the organization of a Honey Ex- change,, and report the same with all mat- ters of cost of incorporation, etc.. to the next meeting. The committee are; Geo. W. Brodbeck, Dr. G. A. Millard, N. Lever- ing, W. S. Squires and G. B. Woodberry. The meeting then adjourned to the first Saturday in March, lsy5. Whittier, CaUf. Allen Barnett, Sec Dry Seasons — Negligent Bee-lVEen. The season of 1S04 was a failure here so far as honey was concerned ; and I might add that for the last three years there has been but little surplus honey gathered in this county (Jersey), exceptalong the river bottom. 'The dry summers and falls have killed the white clover to such an extent that the prospect for a crop of honey the coming season is not very flattering. Gen- erally speaking, bees went into the winter in good condition, having gathered enough in August and September to winter them, although a great many of the farmer bee- keepers have let their bees die out during the past three or four seasons. It is on ly those that have attended to their bees, and fed them, that have any bees left. I love to read Dr. Gallup's articles from California, even if it does have an irritating efl'ect on the nervous system of " Business." I would suggest that all articles from that State on soil, climate, etc., be headed in large letters, "PROM CALIFORNIA," so that "Business" could skip them; but I feel assured that a majority of the readers will gladly read them. The winter, so far, has been very favor- able here for years — very few dead bees in the hives yet. We have had no snow here, and very little rain, and it is thought by some that the growing wheat is consider- ably injured, as the ground is dry and cracking. H. D. Edwards. Delhi, 111., Jan. 31. Camiolan Bees Great Swarmers. From what I could learn at Mrs. Atch- ley's bee-convention, the Camiolan bees are all right to increase your apiary, but are too much on the swarm to be profitable honey-gatherers. O. H. Stevens. Normania, Tex. Bees Did Well Last Season. I notice that Mr. Adkin's bees at Street Road, 21.2 miles from my place, didn't do very well last season. My bees stored, on an average. 73 pounds of comb honey per colony, with plenty of honey left for winter for themselves. I examined them to-day, and found them all in first-class condition, and full of bees. They are on the summer stands in chaff hives. Geo. W. Stewart. Ticonderoga, N. Y.. Jan. 33. They Wish They Had Fed. The prospect now is that we will have an A 1 year. I examined my bees in their win- ter quarters at National City, on New Year's Day, and found a number of them with one and two frames of brood, and con- siderable new honey from eucalyptus. A good many bee-men h»ve lost 50 to 75 per cent., and they wish now that they had fed. Arthur Hansen. San Diego, Calif., Jan. 16. Well Satisfied — Wintering Nuclei. In the fall of 18',I3 I placed 93 colonies in my bee-cave, and took out 91 alive. I found 10 queenless. After looking them all over, and getting them in good condition for work, I had 78 colonies, 4 of them being small, but I kept them in case I needed a queen. These 4 gave me no surplus honey, but the 74 gave me 2.400 pounds of comb honey and 400 pounds of extracted. I am well satisfied, for the last was the driest summer I ever saw. I put into winter quarters 140 colonies in good condition, with plenty of good honey. I put in 10 nuclei to see whether they would winter, so as to have some nice queens for spring use. John Turnbull. La Crescent, Minn., Jan. 23. An Experience in 1894. I don't believe the readers of the Bee Journal have heard from me since I moved my bees to this place, over about 30 miles of rough road in a wagon, now nearly a year ago, and some of them may conclude that I have either run away or given up bees entirely. But not so ; I am still in the business, and, as they say, " have come to stay." I brought 12 colonies to this place last spring, took 12 others on shares, which I transferred into dovetailed hives in April. On June 10 they were barely living (and, by the way, that is robbing time here, un- der the old school), but about July 1 they commenced rolling the honey in, and my! you never saw the beat of that. Well, I found out what they were doing, and about the last of July I concluded I would buy a few hi'C'^. (You know it isn't every one that knows all about bees, nor no one that knows it all about them ) One of my neighbors had S colonies in box-hives, and 6 swarms in 1 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 127 Boot's dovetailed hives, with supers, sec- tions, etc., for comb honey. Well, I paid him $20 for the whole outfit, and got a new "ABC of Bee-Culture," a new smoker, veil, etc., "to boot." I then transferred th* 8 colonies in box-hives into Root's hives, and got 280 pounds of nice extracted honey — I mean extracted the old way ; and the 6 swarms stored over 100 pounds of fine sec- tion honey, besides I extracted some from the brood-chambers. The bees are all alive yet, and will go through safe, if there doesn't come too much more cold weather. My entire crop, after paying one-half the honey stored by the bees I took on shares, was 1,500 pounds, and I now have 37 colo- nies in good condition. C. H. Coleman. Shawanee. Tenn., Jan. 23. Snow and Cold Weather. Bees are in good condition up to date. We are having snow and cold weather. It is 15 degrees below zero. Chas. Rinck. W. Alexandria, Ohio, Feb. 6. Honey from Sluskmelon Bloom. I have 13 colonies of bees now. I had IT last spring. The wind blew so hot July 26, that the combs fell to the bottom of the hive and killed several colonies. I had only two swarms last season. This is a great seed country. I think our bees gather as much honey from the muskmelons as any one plant we have, as they have fresh blos- soms every morning. If some of the bee- keepers would try one-half acre for an ex- periment. I think it would be very profit- able, as the melons are very good feed for milch cows, it no other use can be made of them. F. E. Lockwood. Waterloo, Nebr., Jan. 30. Cold Winter— Bees Doing Well. We are having a very cold winter, with more snow than we have had any winter for several years, but my bees seem to be doing very well. I have not lost a colony so far. W. S. Feeback. Carlisle, Ky., Feb. 6. White Comb from Sugar Syrup. I have read the article by J. W. South- wood (page 51) on rearing brood on sugar syrup. I have tried granulated sugar, both fall and spring, and it is very good for rearing brood, but there is another point I would like tested, viz. : The bees wOl make the nicest white comb when fed on granu- lated sugar syrup. In the fall there are from 4 to 5 weeks that bees could be fed on sugar to make comb for use the next year. Peter Steinebach. Colby, Wis. Bee-Keeping in North Dakota. There are but very few bees in all this north country. I commenced last spring, and have had a bright experience so far. I lost the first two colonies in transporta- tion, and then wentmyself and got another. I put 5 colonies into winter quarters in good condition. I had .32 sections of sur- plus honey. Jas. B. Jcbd. Fargo, N. Dak., Jan. 31. Never Lost a Colony in Wintering. My crop, last season, was 1,400 pounds of extracted, and 000 pounds of comb honey in one-pound sections, almost all basswood and sweet clover. Bees got little or noth- ing out of white clover in northwestern Ohio. For the five years I have kept bees, I have not lost a full colony during winter. They winter outside in a 3-story double-walled hive, 19 inches long, and 11 deep, well painted outside; a pillow of dry maple leaves over the brood-frames, large enough to fill the upper story, and 8 frames of the above-mentioned size% sealed honey. They will then "get there "in good condition if it comes down to 20 degrees below zero, and three months steady winter. My 35 colonies of bees came through last winter in good condition, and gave me 3,000 pounds of surplus honey last summer, besides increasing to 30. Henry Bohlmann. Defiance, Ohio, Jan. 21. Wintering Nicely. My bees are in very fine condition, and wintering nicely. R. S. Russell. ZionsviUe, Ind., Jan. 39. An Experience with Bees. I have kept bees several years in box- hives, and that was all the good it did. I would put a little cap on the hive, and if they put a pound or two in it, it was all right, and if they did not it had to be all right. So last spring I got a few Lang- stroth hives, and hived the swarms in them. I have 11 colonies. 5 of which are in box- hives. I purchased 4 colonies on July 3, 1894, and one of the queens died, but two of the other three gave me 86 pounds of honey, and the other 108 pounds. George Sage. Linton, Ind., Jan. 36. Lost 2 Out of 18 So Far. We have 16 colonies left out of 18. They are in chaff hives, the tops filled with shav- ings. I would like to know how W. S. M.'s bees (see page TO) are getting along in New Mexico. Matthlas Wechsler. Sterling, 111., Feb. 2. Bees in Fine Condition. I started in last spring with 5 colonies, and increased to 8, from which I took 300 pounds of comb honey. I have sold the most of it for 15 cents per pound among my neighbors. I had about 40 pounds of golden-rod honey, which is the thing. We have lots of basswood and clover here. There has not been much snow so far this winter. My bees are in fine condition now, on the summer stands. H. J. Samson. E. Middlebury, Vt., Jan. 38. Basswood Honey — Wintering Bees. I had from 100 colonies over 4,000 pounds of all basswood comb honey. I wintered T4 colonies last winter. I have 100 colonies in the cellar now. all in good condition. The fall crop of honey was not 10 pounds. I have one of the best cellars in this town. It is built of stone and cement, and venti- lated especially for bees. It is 18x24 feet. My business is bees and small fruit, and they go finely together. I think I have one of the best plans for wintering bees. I use common building paper (no tar), and put it over the frame, then two strips of lath on the sides and ends of the hive. The latter should be 2 inches short, for ventilation. Try this plan, leaving the entrance open. If you have trouble in wintering bees with tight covers, try paper and report. C. A. Goodell. Mankato, Minn., Jan. 31. The Season of 1894. The seasons the last two or three years have been so poor that even the bees could, or did, hardly make a living, not to men- tion their keeper. The cold, wet spring last year destroyed the fruit-bloom and nearly all the white clover. It was neces- sary to feed the bees to keep them alive, or from starvation, in the spring and summer. I allowed my bees (40 colonies) to swarm very little — had 4 or 5 swarms. I believe. In the autumn the bees gathered enough to keep them through the winter, and about 300 pounds of surplus honey. I am wintering my bees on their summer stands with the precautions necessary. The winter is somewhat severe and cold, and no doubt the bees will suffer, too. We have had four big snows, and very cold weather for southern Indiana. I hope the next sea- son will be better than the three preceding ones put together. Arend NYHniSE. Chandler, Ind., Jan. 28. fc^^fc^o*-^*-*-*-^^-^-* BASSWOOD FOR BEES We have a large stock of American liiu- deu or Basswood. 5 to 6 feet, 15c. each— $12.00 per C. fi to8 feet. 20c. each— 815.00 per C. 7 to 10 ft. 25c. each— $-30.00 per C. Address, |jjgjjgj. ]\iatio)ial IViirsery Co. 8A6t ELGIN, ILL. Mention the American Bee Jattmal. SWEET GLOVER Is one of the Best Honey-PIaiits. I can supply Seed In any quantity. Price, 25 cents per pound, or $2.75 per peck. Postage, 10 per pound extra. Address, THOMAS G. NEWMAN, 147 South Western Avenue. - CHICAGO, lUj. Frnit Plants. Where to buy them at whole- sale prices, tiend postal for descriptive and wholesale catalogue of all of the leading- va- rieties of the NCraivberries. Raspberries^ Blackberries, Currants, Gooseberries, Grapes and Potatoes. EZRA G. SMITH, Manchester, Ont. Co.. N. Y. 10 to 15 Per Cent. On the ordinary prices is what my Discount of 5 Per Cent. Quoted on Foundation last week equals. Cause— New ProceNs. W.J. Fiiich,Jr.,Springfield, 111 GREAT Success Jr. POTATO — ni/^f^cp Active, responsible agents wanted tin unoccupied ter- ritory) to sell our uD' rivalled Dieeer, and SUCCESS AITTZ-CLOG WEEDEE. Send at once for full particulars and teetimonials. D.T.Halkk&Son, rORK. PA. 6A4t Please mention the Bee Journal. d. D. Diivali is in Florida Breeding- Early Italian Queens, from his old original strain of Maryland Italians which has given such general satisfaction as Comb Honey Producers, etc. Dntested Queens, ready March 1st. $1 each, 6 for $5.00. Write for prices on large lots, and " special " Circular. Safe arrival guaranteed. Address until Apr. 15— C. D. DUVALL, San ITIateo, Fla. Mention the A merican Bee Jo"maL 8 A7t INCUBJtTOKS ! In-Door & Out- Door Brooders. 112 FIRST PREMIUMS. Send for 114-page Illustrated Prairie State Incnbator Co. Homer Citt, Pa. WHEN Answering this advertisement, mention this journal. ^'"BEESWAX ADVANCED.-!' Will pay 30e. Cash for absolutely pure Bees- ■wax. that ivill stand chemical test. Let me have all you produce. Have permanent mar- ket. Wm. A. SELSER, _8A2t 10 Vine St.. Philadelphia. Pa. Mention the AmtrHxm Bee Journal. 128 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Fel. 21, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! It is always ecoDomy to buy the best, espe- cially when the best cost no more than sometbingr not half so pood. OUR FAL- CON SECTIONS are aeknowledjred to be superior to any on the market. The same is also true ol' our HIVES aiid BEE- KEEPEKS' SUPPLIES, of which we make all modern styles. OUK PItlCES will be found as low as those of any of our competitors, and in many cases low- er, and you are always sure of grettins: flrst-class goods. We also publish TlIE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPBR, a monthly magazine (Filth year) at 50c. a year. In- valuable to beginners. Large illustrated catalogue and price-list free. Address. THE W.T. FALCONER MFG. CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. ^?~ W, in. nerrlHli. of East Nottiii!;. liani, N. H.. is our Eastern agent. New England customers may save freight by pur- chasing of him. Mention tlie American Bee Journal. Giajit Bbbs of India. I am now readv for orders for the larjrest Bees GO earth. Sometbing- new for bee-men. Bees that tear open red clover and other blos- soms to get the honey. Half-breed eolonies sometimes gather *30 lbs. of honey in a day Young Queens $3.00 to $8.00. Orders booked now. Also Cliolcc White Wyandotte Eggs, $2.00 per 13. C. ». HOLT, 8Atf MURRAY. KY. Mention the American heejour^utl. FRUIT-LAND FOR SALE ^>^^o^ in one ol the fiinest viiUcvs in Colorado. Adress. OTIS W^HITB, 8A2t Lock Box 115. SALIDA, COLO. When Answering this Advertisement, Mention this Journal. SECTIONS Good ones. S2.00, $-3.,50 per M. Send for Samples. Foundation, Hives, etc., Way Down ! New Catalogue. I. J. STRINOHAM, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK. N. Y. Mention the American Bee JounwL mum HONET EXTBACTOB PERFKCTION Colcl-HlaNt Smokerm, Square Glass Honer Jars, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son. Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O. Send 10c for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers. Mention the American Bee Journal, Strawberry and Raspberry Plants. Best Neiv and Old varieties. Best grotvn Plants. Catalogue Free. With instructions lor their culture. Send for It Now. Mention this paper. Address. E. J. NCOFIELIt, ^Aiat P. O. Box 11.), Hanover, Wis. E.Kret«limer,^"l°iS^a, Sends Free hie Catalogue of 72 illustrated pages; describes Everytliing Used in the Apiary ; Best Goods at Longest Prices. Delivered to your Railroad at either Chicago, St. Louis; Atchison. Kans.; St. Paul. Minn.; DesMoines, Iowa ; Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Hnd other places. Capacity^ 1 carload a dity. ^ff~ Write at once for his Catalogue. _.^J 8E8 Please Mention the Bee Journal. The American, HIVI 'TRAW ' Latest and Best. ^h Perfectly adapted to Modern Bee Culture. lUustratoi Oirtalir Free. i" HAYCK BROS., QUINCY, ILL. ilentUm Oie American Bee Jounuu. THAT "ST. JOE" HIVE ! Write for a Circtilar and Say How Many Hives You Will Need. I like the •• St. Joe " splendid. I think they are the best I ever saw.— Mound Citj', Mo. Addre.ss, EMERSON T. ABBOTT, ST. JOSEPH, MO. Seventeen Years Ago *»** Dadant's Foundation ^^-^ Was first offered for sale. The following parties keep it in stock and have kept it for years for sale. Why ? Because they want to handle only the best goods, and they say they get the best goods when they buy Dadant's Foundation. Thomas G. Newman. Chicago, Ills. C. F. Muth & Son. Cincinnati, Ohio Chas. H, Green, Waukesha, Wis. Chas. Hertel, Freeburti. Ills. E. Eretchmer. Ked Oali. Iowa. Jos. Nysewander, I)es Moines, Iowa. G. B. Lewis Co.. Watertown.'Wis. James Reynolds Elevator Co., Poughkeepsie. N Y. Page & Jiyon. New London, Wis. La. Bee-Keepers' Supply Co., Donaldsonville, La. E. F. Quigley, Unionville, Mo. G. K. Hubbard. Fort Wavne. Ind. L. Hanssen, Davenport, Iowa. (\ Theilmann, Theilmanton, Minn. E. C. EaglesHeld, Berlin. Wis. Walter 8. Pouder. Indianapolis, Ind E. T.Abbott, St. Joseph, Mo. J. M. Jenkins. Wetumpka, Alabama John Key, East Saginaw, Mich. J. W. Bittenbender. Knoxville, Iowa. Vickerv Bros.. Evansville, Ind. Mrs. Jennie Atchlev. Beeville, Texas. Is not such a steady trade a proof of real merit in the s?oods we sell ? We also make a specialty of Veils and Veil StulTs of best quality. Beeswax Wanted at All Times. Bee-keepers' Supplies, Smokers, Seetions, Tin Pails, etc. Samples of Foun- dation and Xulle FREE with circular. Instructions to beginners with circular. Send us your address. CHAS. Mention the American Bee Journal. DADANT & SON, HAIXLLTON, Hancock Co. ILL. FARMERS, Send 10 cents in U. S. stamps and have your name and address printed in our Special Far- mers' Hirectory— which goes whirling all over the United .States, to manufacturers and business men of all kinds. It will bring- you mail in the sha|:)e of letters and reading- matter of all kinds, from the four cor- ners of the land. Your name inserted in three Directories for only 25 cents. Give us a trial— we guarantek satisfaction. A free copy of the Directory sent to every name received. THE FARMERS' DIRECTORY CO. "33—1643 Champa, Denver, Colo. Mention the American Bee JoiLr^tuL Beautifully written on a dozen Bristol Calling- Cards, and Mailed to any address for 15 cents. Address. li. li. WEAVER, AUiance, O. Promptness Is What Counts ! Honey - Jars, Shipping - Cases, and ev- I erything: that bee-keepers use. Root's I Croodfn at Root'8 PriceH. and the best shipping- point in the country. Dealer in Honey and Beeswax. Cata- liT.L"lAve.WalterS. Pouder INDIANAPOLIS, IND. THE 1895 CRANE SMOKER IS A DAISY. Price, SH-iach Barrel, $1.85, postpaid; or $1.50 by freight or express. Address, THE A. I. ROOT CO., Medina. Ohio. This e.xcellent Smoker was introduced some two years ago, since which time It has worked itself rapidly into popular favor. Its distinctive feature is the Crane Valve, by which the full force of the Bellows is secured without waste, and by which also smoke is prevented from going Into the Bellows. The Legs are of Skeleton Malleable Iron, contracted at the feet BO as to be out of the way of the lingers in handling, and are secured to the Bellows by bolts instead of screws. The Shield is of Tight corrugated tin. and bags next to the Bellows, thus giving ample protection from heat. The Cone Top easily tilts back for replenishing the Smo- ker, and is secured by a malleable-iron Hinge, the working parts of which are milled so as to Insure accurate adjustment to the Stove or Cup. As to Fuel, it will burn anything. Including soft coal, stovewood, planer-shavings; and It makes no dilTerence how much the latter may be crammed down in the Cup, there will be the same strong blast as before. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. CHICAGO, ILL., FEBRUARY 28, 1895. No. 9. 35tli Year. Coi;)tributcd /Vrticles^ On Important A-piarian. Subjects* Marketing the Honey-Product. By W. M. BARNUM. Circumstances have brouftht this matter actively to miud during the past two or three days, and I wish now to say a few words in regard to it. In talking with a friend a few minutes ago, he suggested that the subject would probably be of little utility to the majority of my readers this year, {189-4); but I am but little inclined to take him at his word, for like the foolish fisherman, he is about to sell and give away his stock- in-trade and quit the business. He has realized but .§7.00 or thereabouts, from his bees for the past four seasons, and thinks it a good time to quit. He has lost money, but in that lieth the very reason why he should hold on to his bees ; for the time would surely come when he would realize handsomely on his investment. Surely, no one is so foolish as to believe that flowers have ceased forever to give forth nectar ! And Wm. M. Barnum, Denver, Colo. yet it would seem, from such actions as those of my friend, that such belief is current among certain of the people. Now, as to marketing: I believe as a rule, it is more difficult to dispose of the article to best advantage than to produce it. And right here is where the majority of us are too negligent; failure to properly prepare and market our product is perhaps one of the greatest detriments to our pur- suit. The merchant will invariably tell us that it is appear- ance that sells an article ; we must put up our honey in attractive packages — neat and clean. We must grade the honey with care, never purporting that the grade is better than it is. Deception is fatal to all things. We should have our name, name of apiary, and complete address, either stamped or printed upon gummed slips, that the purchaser may know who the producer is and where he may be found. T"*"^ Samuel Irwin Freeborn — See sketch on page 137. By proper management a select and very profitable list of customers may in this manner be easily worked up. It will pay in the majority of instances — when possible — • to deliver personally, by wagon, to your customers, — working up a special route of your own. A much better price can tlien be obtained, doing away with the middleman's profit; and you will find that your customers will be only too willing to pay a couple cents or so above market price for that which they know to be good and " gilt-edged." At the same time, garden, dairy and other farm produce can bo disposed of at increased profit. All left over can be sold to butcher or grocer, or left with them on commission. It might be well to keep a small stock with them continually ; and I think com- mission sales will as a rule prove more satisfactory. All this is, of course, like tinkling cymbals, if your product is nil, of poor quality, or if you live out of or at an inconvenient distance from your market. Then you must do the next best thing. When it becomes necessary to deal with a commission man, it is best to make the bargain ou the ground, face to face. Afterwards, it will do no harm to keep "an eye on the man." There are some honest ones among them, but not all will come under that head. It is well, there- fore, to keep posted on the market prices, returns, etc., in as 130 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 28, many ways as possible. In the meanwhile, don't neglect your "home market;" get all there is out of it — cater to it. If they want one-pound sections, provide them ; if extracted, provide it, and soon. Educate them in every way possible; procure a few small glass (or otherwise suitable) receptacles, and distribute them gratis among the doubtful class. Do not fail to give them a good quality of honey, put up neat and clean, with your name and address upon it in conspicuous manner. These are a few of the essential things to be observed in marketing your crop. Perhaps some of the brethren can sug- gest other points of value. I want to see this subject dis- cussed in the columns of the American Bee Journal, and now is the "acceptable time." I will continue the subject in a near number, as there are many points I have not now time to further consider. Denver, Colo. Something in Defense of Honey-Dew Honey. BY STANLEY & SON. We have kept silent a long time on a matter that we have often thought ought to receive more generous treatment ; that is, " honey-dew honey." Why should it be called so many bad names? Every few weeks some contributor to our bee-liter- ature takes a lick at this poor orphan, and, every time it is done, we have thought we would rise and say a few words by way of protest against this heartless treatment accorded it. To us, honey-dew has been a friend that sticketh closer than a brother. Without it we should have been compelled to abandon the honey-business. We have been in this business extensively for some 12 years, producing in that time about 120,000 pounds of comb honey and some extracted honey, and of it all not more than 20,000 pounds has been clear, while another 15,000 or 20,000 pounds has been from poplar, leaving honey-dew to furnish 80,000 pounds, which we have sold at an average price of 12J^ cents per pound, only some 4 cents less per pound than we have gotten for our clear and poplar honeys, on an average. This, like all bad children (with only one father and mother) has grieved us sorely at times, costing us tTie loss of our apiaries almost entirely two or three winters — those of 1884, 1885, and 1891, being the worst ; but when we think of what good it has done us, we do not have the heart to chide. The season of 1887 here was practically a failure, and our apiaries were on starvation the first of October. There was but one recourse, we thought, and the feeding of sugar was always repugnant to us, it being still more of a nuisance to apiculture than honey-dew, in its way; when lo ! what should happen but a nice honey-dew to show up on the hickory leaves, and supply our bees with winter stores before frost could catch it? Then, again, last year we moved two carloads of bees and hives to Mont Eagle, Tenn., a picturesque little village on the Cumberland plateau. Well, the March freeze killed the poplar and locust, and our bees were on their last rations, when the linden came in, followed by sourwood ; but our "old friend " followed up, and gave us more honey than both or all others. We are getting 12K cents for it again this winter. " Holy Moses !" say some of you, " where can you sell it?" Well, there are a few places left where our bee-papers do not go, and they have never heard that it was a vile and filthy stuff, but think it a good, cheap honey. Now, gentlemen, won't you stop this ? Please do, for this unfortunate child has good as well as Ixtd qualities. Are you prepared to say that this honey, distilled from Heaven, is less pure than the cheap sugars, syrups, etc., on the market, manufactured we know not how ? Do we see any of their papers characterize it as vile or filthy stufi ? No, it is sold on its merits, and that is what we ask you to do for honey-dew honey, without partiality or prejudice. We have said that sugar was a nuisance to bee-keeping. We believe it is. What would the ordinary grocer think if he should pick up one of our periodicals containing a description of the now famous percolator system, warranted to feed a barrel of sugar per day ? We have heard it said already that the dark honeys were the only pure ones — of course we know better, but we can't expect others to know. Apropos to the discussion of East Tennessee mountain society between Messrs. Getaz, Coleman and Webb, we con- sider them all perhaps right. In the villages and towns we find it good and improving, while if one would go where the timber has not been disturbed, to secure the best results he must be prepared to rough it. Though he will find the people very kind and hospitable. Fairfield, III., Jan. 25. Wild Bees and Other Matters. BY J. W. ROUSE. Every once in awhile I see something said about wild bees. I do not know if I ever saw any wild bees unless the blacks are wild, as they usually run pell-mell when the hive is opened and one undertakes to manipulate them. I be- lieve it makes but little difference whore bees are only handled occasionally, out if handled almost every day they might be- come used to it. The life of a bee in the working season is so short that I do not believe they become gentle, or otherwise, but I think the temper is very largely due to the queen. I have taken many bees from trees in the woods, and also transferred very many bees that practically would be no more domesticated than if in trees in the woods, as they got no at- tention, but I have never been able to see any difference in these bees, in their actions, over bees that were called "domes- ticated," so that I do not believe there is any difference, whether bees are in the woods or in a yard, unless handled every day, and perhaps none, even then, as I have always had to handle vicious bees with smoke whether in the bee-yard or in the woods. But, as before stated, the temper is very largely due to the queen, the time, temperature, and whether the bees are at work or not, and the way they are approached having the most, if not all, to do with their amiableness. PREVENTING THE SOILING OF SECTIONS. I notice what Mr, Scott has to say in regard to stained sections, in the Bee Journal for Jan. 17. I have given this subject much thought, and had meant to experiment some on this line the past season, but as I worked my apiary for queen-rearing, and being a poor honey season here, I made no experiments in this line. I would take the section slats for the bottom-bar or the sections to rest on, and use separators 4}4 inches wide, with insets corresponding with the sections, and would use a follower both at the side and end, and thus wedge or key both ways, and not use end-bars in the section- holders at all. This would close the sections true and square, and the bees could touch the sections only at the place of en- trance and inside. It is impossible to so nail the section-holders with end- bars so that it will fit the sections, as a very little variation, either damp or dry, will not allow the sections to fit every time. With an end follower it is less pieces to a hive, besides the sections can be taken out of the super easier. Either closed-top sections could be used, or slats to cover the top of the sections, if so desired, to keep the top of the sections clean. I do not claim originality in this plan, but I believe it would remedy the difficulty. THE MORRISON DOVETAIL. In the proposed dovetailed corner, as giTen by Mr. Mor- rison, on page 36, I do not consider it a practical corner to make, as the strip or tongue to go in the groove or dovetail would be very easily split if it run lengthwise or with the grain, and if cut across the grain it would be easily broken in trying to put it in the groove or dovetail, unless loose, which would, if loose, not hold the corners tight together. Mexico, Mo. Another Kind of Migratory Bee-Keeping. BY' JOHN M'ARTHUR. On page 405 (1894) are the following questions pro- pounded by Charles F. Jaessing, asking that they be an- swered. In reply I would say that I am willing to answer any questions pertaining to the above subject through the American Bee Journal. A description of the undertaking will be given in detail later ; in the meantime I will answer Mr. Jaessing's questions so that any bee-keeper wishing to try the migratory system may be able to glean a little infor- mation that mav assist him in the undertaking. QaESTioN No. 1. — Will it be necessary for one to go per- sonally and purchase the bees, and then accompany them all the way to their destination ? Answer. — It would be better to go personally and pur- chase the bees and accompany them to their destination, or procure the services of some reliable man who has had practi- cal experience in the matter. Question No. 2. — Did you purchase the hives, as well as the bees, or did you ship them in light shipping-crates, and then transfer them into hives of your own ? Answer. — Bees and six frames of brood in Langstroth frames were purchased ; they were shipped in light crates, and then transferred at home into proper hives. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 131 Question No. 3.— Please describe your method of prepar- ing and shipping the bees, the number of colonies that can be put into a car, and cost of shipping a carload that distance? (Tennessee to Toronto, Ont.) Answer. — The shipping-crates consist of two end-pieces 10xl2i^x% thick, two sides 12x19 i.lx^g-, the two end-pieces 10xl2J^. The frames rest on this, requiring SxlSJisJn' pieces to be nailed outside, closing the ends, and forming a cleat to lift the crate by. It also strengthens the crate. If the frames are of uniform thickness, a lath IxlJ^ inches wide, and 12^8 long, may be laid on the end of the frames, and nailed through each frame into the rabbet. Light wire staples may be used as spacers, or nails driven through the ends and front of the hive may answer. I have had them come safely 1,000 miles farther without any spacers. Wire screens should be made to rest on the top and bottom, and not nailed dead to the crate, so they can be taken off easily and be used again. The crates may be used for surplus supers by ripping off the extra depth at top and bottom. Have an auger hole, IJa or 2 inches, in front and rear; these the bees use while getting ready as flight-holes ; then cover with wire net- ting. They should be two inches from the bottom. Often many bees accumulate on the bottom screen, and it prevents free ventilation. These holes are safety-valves. Have every- thing so arranged that the nailing will be reduced to a mini- mum while the bees are in the crates. That is to say, have no unnecessary nailing, keeping the bees as normal as possi- ble— they will have enough to irritate and wear them out in transit. Two crates can be attached — one on top of the other — by laths, allowing the bottom crate to be two or three inches off the floor, and from four to six inches between the two, nailing a lath up each corner, thus completing a double crate. Thus arranged you can put 200 into a large fruit-car. By three-story crates you can ship 300. Have the frames pointing toward the engine, and stay them with laths across the ear and longitudinally. Get a car with as much ventilation as possible, and be sure the bees have plenty of food. Don't crowd too many bees into a crate. Of course it is bees we want, but a very great mistake may be made by overcrowding. A car may be chartered with an attendant in the neighbor- hood of Memphis, Tenn., to Toronto, for the sum of .$135. Question No. 4. — And lastly, will Mr. McArthur, or any Southern reader of the American Bee Journal, please answer whether plenty of bees on good comb and Simplicity frames can be purchased in the latitude of Tennessee, or thereabouts ? Also the range of prices in May. Answer. — That depends greatly upon the season and de- mand. Last season it would have been difficult to purchase in Tennessee, but in Louisiana they were plentiful. As to price, that depends upon how you can buy. Prices fluctuate, but they will cost no more than 2-pound or 3-pound lots with queens, if you go direct to the producer, and assist in prepar- ing for shipping. What we want in the North is bees to build up our weak colonies, so as to give us surplus from our earliest blossoms, and if our Southern brother bee-keepers would turn their at- tention to the production of bees at as low a figure as possible, there would spring up a great industry in supplying us poor fellows in the North who are ice-bound in the spring. The honey-flow would be over in the South before we would re- quire them, thus enabling the bee-keeper to dispose of his surplus bees at a low figure, saving the trouble and pain it gives in annihilating them. Such undertakings have been successfully carried out. Being interested in three of those ventures, it would be needless to say that all proved successful. Each left a lesson as a beacon to prevent disaster and failure in the future. Let me here say there is considerable labor connected with this business, and none should attempt such undertaking but those that are experts in the business. I take no credit my- self for the last consignment, its condition when it arrived being all that could be desired — not a single comb being broken. Honor to whom honor is due. The consignor and W. O. Leach, who accompanied them to their destination, have the credit, and well deserve it. In the meantime nego- tiations have been carried on regarding a consignment for next May. Before concluding it may be profitable to some to men- tion a little incident that occurred when the bees were liber- ated, which taxed my ingenuity to its utmost. The day being bright and warm when given their liberty, many swarms is- sued— there might have been 20. Pandemonium reigned. They formed one mammoth cluster ; many flying that had not located their hives, joined in the grand procession, which had already reached enormous proportions — about 10 feet in length by about 4 feet through at the upper end, tapering to the ground, with quite a train on the grass. Being as much excited as the bees, I neglected to have its photograph taken. This little episode can be better imagined than described. In- vestigation showed the cause to be the hatching out of young queens on the way. Therefore care has to be exercised in giving them their liberty, either by putting them into the cel- lar and cooling them off, or liberating them in small numbers at a time, or in the cool of the evening. It was a late hour before they were all divided up and gotten into hives. I hope never to see a repetition of the same. If one bee-keeper cannot see his way clear to get a car- load of bees, then say 5 or 10 may in one locality mutually agree to do so. It certainly is much cheaper and better than buying bees by the pound. In advocating this scheme, it only applies to localities where there is an early honey-flow and not sufficient bees of proper age to gather the surplus. Localities where bee-keep- ers depend upon basswood and buckwheat for their crop, they will have no trouble in having their bees in proper condition at the proper time. Toronto, Ont. An Explanation of the " Rusty Honey." BY DOUGLAS D. HAMMOND. On page 54, Dr. Miller asks some of the readers to answer the question concerning the " rusty " combs, referred to in "Questions and Answers." Well, the second year I was in the bee-business at this place I increased from 11 colonies, spring count, to 26. I got no spring flow to amount to anything, and many were the jokes at my expense as to bee-culture, and still in my locality it is looked upon as a small affair, because they are not posted. But when Aug. 20 came, my bees were changing the pro- gramme and working on "blue vervain," as several hundred acres were in a radius of one mile from my bees. Over 2,000 pounds of comb-honey was the result from that and heart's- ease. Blue vervain honey is almost equal to white clover for flavor and color. If we have fairly moist seasons, about every third year we get a good flow from it. Now, then, to come to the point: "The rusty combs " are from the stain of a pollen from one species of aster, com- monly called "frost flower " in Iowa, as it blooms just after the first frost, as a usual thing. They are generally purple with a yellow center, the plant growing about two feet high, and, like the pumpkin or squash family, they yield enormous qualities of pollen, or so much that as the bee leaves the pumpkin vine all covered, so she does from the "aster," men- tioned above, and accordingly it covers the comb with the rusty appearance. The bloom is about the size of " batchelor's button." I don't mean the ten-penny wire nail mentioned by E. H. Sturtevant, as a " batchelor button ;" but a real bloom, and if ever nature gave us a beautiful bouquet all In one plant, surely this was among the number. I know, Mr. S., for its many a one I've given the girls when the autumn leaves were turning. You were justified, Mr. S., in getting angry at the postmaster for withholding any thing as interesting as the American Bee Journal. What do they suppose us old " baches " will do — sit down and pine our life away? Not much ! calico fever is catching; we will just work and wait. Now, Dr. Miller, I've answered your puzzle. I only wish I should as seldom get puzzled as you do. I'm in about the samo latitude you are, and from 150 colonies I got about 1,500 pounds of extracted honey from heart" s-ease. That beats your average of — yes, just a taste. Was it "licking good?" and did you want more? Malone, Iowa. Some Notes and Kinks From California. BY C. W. DAYTON. HuMMiNG-BiRDS AND Bees. — I have a small colony of bees in my study window. These are all the bees near. Several times a day humming-birds notice the flying of the bees and alight on the edge of the alighting-board of the hive. They watch the bees going and returning but do not molest them. Gathering Rapidly. — Day before yesterday (Jan. 13) the bees were gathering pollen and honey so rapidly as to tumble in heaps before the entrances. In walking amongst the hives the scent of honey was as noticeable as the perfume In an extensive flower garden. But the time for honey-gath- ering during this month is limited on account of much cloudy weather. Nailing hives. — In nailing hives use common 6-penny nails. Then first make a hole before driving the nails 132 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 28, wh.erever there is liability of splitting. For the size of nail mentioned use a 3 32 twist drill adjusted in the ordinary brace. A drill will "drop" through a knot, leaving a smooth and perfect hole. This method is especially recommended for nailing dovetails. As hives are nailed up once, and last ten years or more, it ought to pay to do it well. Water for Bees. — In many places unless we provide water for the bees they will bother the neighbors' water troughs. It is often difficult to get them to work upon the water we arrange for them. Some sweeten the water a little. A little better plan is to keep some wet crushed barley in one side of the water so that the bees can alight and sip the water from amongst the barley. Rain Means Honey. — We have already had three times as much rainfall as during the whole winter of 1893-4. It comes slowly, too, so that it soaks into the ground. In Southern California rain means honey. With what we have already received, if we get a rain any time in March, 100 pounds to the hive on the average is sure. Nine-tenths of it will be floated off on the distant markets. Seemed Like Paralysis. — About ten days ago I dis- covered in three colonies what appeared like the disease paralysis. In one of the colonies nearly every bee was in a Saint-Vitus'-dance condition. Also prostrate and bloated bees were piled out before the entrances. At present the colonies are rapidly recovering, while no remedies have been applied. It looks exactly like the spring dwindling in Iowa or Wis- consin, with their bodies distended with pollen feces. For two or three weeks past the bees had been gathering pollen very rapidly. Then there would come three or four days which would be cloudy and the bees were confined to their hives. Now I wonder if the bees did not consume large quantities of pollen, then remain quietly clustered and become constipated. Had these colonies befouled their hives I should have called it diarrhea. Some writers have called paralysis constipation. I cannot believe, as yet, that constipation is or is not the cause of par- alysis. I do not think that constipation is diarrhea. Consti- pation seems to be caused by an accumulation of pollen. Diarrhea is the opposite condition, or, want of accumulation. Yet the accumulation causes constipation, and the constipa- tion kills the bees. I think that constipation or diarrhea might wear upon the vitality of the bees as to cause them to die sooner than where they remain healthy. While there were different causes, the death might be ascribed as spring dwindling, which dwindling in fact, was only the result. Some writers have said that the bee-diseases were varied by localities and envirouments, and it begins to seem like it. My bees have had paralysis in other years but never as early as this attack this year. But I never have known them to gather such quantities of pollen so early, nor rush into brood- rearing so suddenly. The nameless dead-brood disease which was so abundant last year has entirely disappeared. The last I saw of it was iu September, and in some colonies where I thought it would be likely to be carried over, the new brood is very healthy. If what I have seen here lately was a condition of bees which bordered on bee-diarrhea, then I am inclined to believe that the diarrhea caused by the consumption of pollen in the vicinity of Dowagiac, Mich., is considerably different from the kind of bee-diarrhea which I was acquainted with in Iowa or Wisconsin. Florence, Calif., Jan. 15. Some Dovetails and Other "Tales." BY E. S. MILES. On page 36, Mr. W. K. Morrison shows us an illustration of a "true dovetail." Then again, on page 51, Mr. Emerson T. Abbott shows us another "true dovetail," and also a "so-called dovetail," which is not a dovetail at all. I was going to say it was, too, but I see Mr. Abbott has Webster on his side, so I think it's no use. But I wish to say this : the so-called dove-tailed joint (mortise and tenon) is, for a bee-hive, just as good as a true dovetailed joint ( mortise and tenon, with tenon slightly spread and mortise to correspond.) Mr. Abbott says the dovetailed (so-called) hive is much harder to nail up square than the halved joint. Now I wish to suggest that perhaps Mr. Abbott's halved corners were cut perfectly square and true, while a good deal of the (so-callod) dovetailing is not done as nicely as it might be. I have nailed up quite a few dovetailed hives (so-called), and the first ones were the first hives I ever saw. I was anxious to see how they looked, so I nailed some up as quickly as I could, without thinking of a square at all — just driving them tight as they were cut, and nailing. Afterwards, I became more particular, and, used a square, and had them square before driving the last nails. Now I have used them three years, and I have never yet found a hive or super of the last setting up that wouldn't fit those first set up, just as well as any. Of course, if the dovetailing is so poorly done that the tenons will not go into the mortises without splitting the board, why, we don't want 'em at all. But how much better would halved joints go together if they were only half made? I am writing for beginners, and I almost wish it were per- missible in a bee-paper to name some people who do good work, and send only pure queens, and also some that don't. But of course that wouldn't do — " many men of many minds," you know; what I would consider good work, another might not, and vice veran. It beats me, though, that Mr. Abbott doesn't like Hoffman frames, and yet sticks to the beveled-edged hive ! " If I were going to stick to as big a nuisance as Hoffman frames are for this locality, I believe I'd want another nuisance to match it." I'll have to say vice versa to this, too. honey crop for 1895. If the dry fall theory is correct, western Iowa won't have any honey this year, either, for the fall of 1894 was as dry as it could well be. The ground was dry and dusty up to iTan. 25 ; since then we have had a light snow. There is a saying, " It is the unexpected that happens." I'm in hopes we will get in on that ticket. Denison, Iowa, Jan. 26. Golden Italians — Bees Moving Eggs. BY A. W. SWAN. There has been a good deal said about the golden Italians, or the 5-banded Italians. As I have a few colonies of the golden Italian bees, I will say right here that they outstrip anything in this part of the country. Having 38 colonies of bees in good condition in the spring of 1S94, I concluded to try an experiment, getting them all in about the same condition and strength. The spring being very backward, I had to feed some sugar syrup every day for three weeks. The golden Italians that I speak of I bought in ■July, 1891, of a bee-keeper at Red Oak, Iowa. The winter of 1891 and 1892 I lost all but one queen and a few bees, and they were in very poor condition. But with care I got them built up ready for the honey-flow, and the queen proved to be an excellent breeder. I bought her for an untested queen, and she turned out to be as good as any tested queen I ever saw. Her bees are good honey-gatherers, and easy to handle. I have reared a number of queens from her, which proved to be as good. I have the old queen in a 10-frame hive — nine frames of worker-comb and one frame of drone- comb. She filled the combs completely of brood, last season, and kept it full until September, and did not swarm nor show any signs of swarming. When I saw they would not swarm (it being very late in June) I put on the upper story of 10 Hoffman frames filled with full sheets of foundation, and the bees went to work drawing out the combs in less than an hour after I had given them more room. They filled the 10 frames chock-full of honey, and had plenty in the lower story to winter on. The dark Italians scarcely made a living in the same yard, and iu the same condition. They hung out in great bunches on the outside of the hives every day, while the golden Italians were busy rolling in the honey. So with the experience that I have with dark and yellow bees, I prefer the golden Italians, or the 5-banded bees, as some call them. BEES MOVE EGGS WHEN TIIEY WISH. I have a little experience in regard to this matter of bees moving eggs. During the summer of 1S92 I came nearly losing a colony of bees, the queen turning out to be a drone- layer, but I found it out before it was too late, there being about a quart of bees left, and the worthless queen, which was a very little largor than a worker-bee. I killed her at once, and put in about three quarts of bees from another col- ony that had them to spare, and let them alone two days, when I examined them and found they were bnilding queen- colls over drone-brood, so I removed all the drone-brood and gave them empty combs that did not have any eggs in. I cut out a hole in one of the combs about three inches square, and fitted into it a piece of comb with eggs in every cell, and closed the hive. In three days I opened it, and found queen-cells built just above the piece of comb fitted in on the large comb, and each 189b. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 133 cell evidently had an egg placed in it by the bees, as there was not an egg in the hive except in the small piece of comb mentioned above. There was a larva in each cell, and the eggs were gone from the piece of comb. Wondering what they did with all the eggs, I examined a little closer, and found there was larvas in the cells above the queen-cells. Being satisiiea, I closed the hive again. Then in eight days I opened the hive, and found the queen-cells sealed over, and in 12 days I found the few cells of worker-brood sealed over. Finding things all right I closed the hive again, and waited for further development. On the 16th day I opened the hive again, and found the queen-cells partly torn down, and looking further I found a beautiful young queen. I closed the hive again, and waited eight days longer, then opened it and found that my queen had mated, and had filled two combs nearly full of eggs. She proved to be as good a queen as I would wish for. So this settles the question in my mind, that bees will move eggs to suit them- selves. Centralia, Kans., Jan. 22. Tt?e Sur}r)]j Sout1r)\zir)d. CONDnCTED BY MRS. JEXNIB JLTCHLEY, BEEX'TLLE, TEX. "Sunny" Southland Not So Sunny. We are just now undergoing one of the worst spells of weather we have ever known in this country. The snow is more than a foot deep where it has drifted and nearly throe inches deep on a level, and still snowing. I look out of my window and see families of poor Mexicans tramping around in the snow, looking as though they were almost frozen to death. Willie is Just now taking some of them into the factory building to keep them from suffering so much— men, women and children. Such weather as this, counts the same to us, as 40 degrees below zero in Illinois, or that is the estimate we place upon it, as we are not prepared for it. It has been cold for ten days, and no signs of getting better yet. This means a good honey year with us, as we already had a good season in the ground, and this snow will make a season that will last all summer. The temperature now, at 10 a. m., is 29° above zero, and a regular blizzard sweeping over, and the snow flying so fast and so thick that one is blinded whou out. I see my snow-covered bee-hives, and the birds trying to shelter behind them, and I tell you it seems as if we were in the frozen regions of the North. The piping that carries water to our factory is frozen and bursted, and we cannot run to-day. Do you suppose the earth has frozen on its axis, and turned only half way round and left us near the north pole? I suppose Dr. Miller is in the South to-day and we in the North. Joking aside, we have the roughest weather in the history of this country, and thousands of stock as well as people are suffering. Beeville, Tex., Feb. 14. Jennie Atchlby. Report of the Southwest Texas Bee-Convention. BY F. A. LOCKHAKT, SKC. (Continued from page 118.) EIGHT OR TEN FRAME HIVES — WHICH ? Question No. 9. — Which is best for either comb or ex- tracted honey, an 8 or a 10 frame Langstroth or Simplicity hive? Dr. Marshall — I began with a 10-frame hive, but I am now satisfied that an 8-frame is best for the South, both for comb or extracted honey. Mr. Lord — I think locality has something to do with this question. Mr. Victor — I don't know that I ought to have any say on this question, as I have never used 8-frame hives, and as I find I have to use my 10-frarae ones three stories high to ac- commodate my bees, the 8-frame would have to be higher. Mr. Flornoy — I think a 10-frame hive is best for begin- ners, especially as they are liable to take honey too close any- way, and a 10-frame hive will allow the bees a better show, as a little honey in each frame will likely take them through all right. My best success is with 10-frame hives. Mr. Theilmann — I do not think this hive question is of much importance, for I think either will do, and it should be remembered that it is the bees, with the bee-keeper, that ob- tain the honey. THE USE OF SHALLOW FRAMES. Question No. 10. — Is the use of a shallow frame advisable? Dr. Marshall — I suppose I have more experience along this line than any one present. I began with 7 inch frames, and got more honey from them, as the bees will go above sooner. I tested it one year, and tried one yard with Lang- stroth frames, regular size, and the 7-inch frames, and got more honey from the shallow frames. If I were going to start anew, I would use a frame 6 inches in depth, otherwise a Langstroth frame. Mr. Theilmann — Do your bees have suiScient stores for winter on these shallow frames ? Dr. Marshall— We do not need very much honey to winter bees here, as I left my bees storing honey fast a week ago, and a 6-inch frame, with 10 to the hive, will be sufficient. Mr. Theilmann — Do you always have honey coming in here ? Dr. Marshall— Not all seasons. Willow blooms in Feb- ruary, then maple, fruit trees, ratan, and bassvyood till June. We have at Marshall the wild malaga vine, which is good in May. Then field peas, and in the fall we have honey-dew — dark, but good honey — to eat. One year my bees gathered great quantities of this honey- dew, and it was excellent dark honey. I think this flow was caused by a long drouth during summer; then in the fall we had a good rain, and vegetation sprang up quickly, full of sap. WHAT ABOUT THE SIZE OF SECTIONS ? Question No. 11. — Is it advisable to use any other section aside from the regular 4}ix4;-i, or standard size ? Dr. Marshall — The bees will store more honey in two- pound sections. A section weighing two pounds will bring in our market almost as much as two one-pounds. Mr. Lockhart— The reguar 4?ix4K, or one-pound, is best for my locality (Lake George, N. Y.) Mr. Graham— The standard one-pound, always. Mr. Theilmann— Taking it all into consideration, I will say a one-pound section, as the bees will finish up such sec- tions soon, so it will be nicer and sell better. Dr. Marshall— I find that the bees will store almost as many two-pound boxes as they will one-pound. The bees must have a certain degree of heat to build comb and store honey, and the one-pound sections do not afford room for a sufficient amount of bees to cluster together to get up the proper degree of heat, and time is lost. I do not use separa- tors for two-pound sections, either — only a starter about half an inch wide, and it leaves no fishbone in the honey. Mr. Lockhart— We have to use separators in my country, and must produce the very nicest and straight honey, to ob- tain the best prices. DR. MILLER AND THE HIVE- QUESTION. Question No. 12.— Can any one tell whether Dr. Miller is off the fence yet? Dr. Marshall — I will use one of his common words, and say, "I don't know." Mr. Lockhart— If it is barbed-wire fence, I should say yes. Mrs. Atchley— If it is as much colder, according to local- ity, in his place as it is here to-day, I should think he was off. INTERESTING PEOPLE IN BEE-KEEPING. Question No. 13.— Can any one tell the best way to get people interested in bee-keeping? Mr. Graham — Hold bee-meetings. Mr. "Victor — Let them know there is a dollar in it. Mr. Lockhart — I second Mr. Victor's opinion. Mr. Flornoy— Make the business a success yourself, and all your neighbors will want bees. Dr. Marshall— Judge Andrews used to advise this : Get your neighbors to come to your yard and show them all through the hives, and everything pertaining to them and the bees. Mrs. Atchley— I think it unwise to try to induce your neighbor to embark in the bee-business, as he will take hold himself if he is going to be a bcc-man ; if not, he will be an injury to you and himself, as the honey he produces will in- jure the market; also the range will be overstocked soon. Mr. Flornoy— I have been hurt in that very way, by ignor- ant people (I mean ignorant about bees) ruining my market. Mr. Theilmann— 1 have talked to my neighbors on this same thing, and it does no good. Besides, I have to move my bees from my own pasture to make them pay, as the pasture 134 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 28, is too meagre for my bees and my neighbor's ; still, he does nothing with honey-producing. But as you have so much room here, I do not Ihinlf your locations will be overdone for many years, and bee-keepers can locate here every five or six miles, and there be no conflict. Mr. Lockhart — Our people at my location (N. Y.) seem selfish, and bee-pasture is becoming precious. I would not in- duce people to keep bees that did not love the business, as they will injure you. BUY BEES OR DIVIDE FOK INCREASE — WHICH ? Question No. 14. — Not having bees enough to occupy my time, will it be best to buy more in improved hives at $5.00 per colony, or feed sugar at 25 pounds for a dollar to stimulate and divide as soon as colonies are strong enough ? Or can I divide them here in the coast country and build them up in time to catch the first honey-Pow — April 1 ? Mr. Victor — I would say feed and increase. But there is danger of dividing too soon. Mr. Theilmann^I do not believe in stimulative feeding. I have tried it in Minnesota, and lost heavily by it. In my locality it won't do, as the bees seem to know best when to rear brood, and I will not hereafter start my bees too soon. When I do have to feed, I use the best brown sugar, as the vegetable properties seem to be taken out of granulated sugar, and this is what the bees most need. Mr. Lord — I use sugar as artificial means to stimulate. Mr. Theilmann — Well, I think the more we stimulate the more we lose, especially if done too soon. Mrs. Atcbley — It will be owing to the season, whether bees can be divided and built up by April. But if I had as many as 50 colonies to stimulate, I would increase by feeding and dividing in preference to buying at .§5.00 per colony. SOMETHING TO GO WITH BEE-KEEPING. Question No. 15. — What can a beginner do to make a support till his bees justify his whole time? Mr. Lockhart— Teach school. Mr. Victor — Stick to his old forte that he has made a living at, until his bees pay him to attend to them with his whole time. Dr. Marshall — Suppose a man leaves his old home and comes here and has to also leave his business, then what shall he do? Mrs. Atchley — Take hold of whatever he may find to do. Mr. Hanna — Poultry will be a good side-issue, if we can get rid of the " third-party fleas." [To be continued.] CONDUCTED BY DR. C. C. afri,r,ER, MAJtJBJfGO, ILL. [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct.] Turning the Hives Around in Winter. I winter my bees on the summer stands, packed in chaff on the east, west and north, but open on the south. They seem to be clu.stered at the front and near the top. How would it be to turn the hive around, the bottom-board being loose, and plenty of honey in the back end. J. P. Answer. — I think I'd prefer to leave them just as they are. Dead Bees On the Cellar-Bottom. The bees in my cellar come out of the hives, fall on the ground and die. and then it makes it unpleasant to step on them and get the soles of my shoes daubed with their mashed corpses. Is there any objection to fastening them in the hive by means of wire cloth that will keep the bees in the hive and still allow plenty of ventilation? Tidine.ss. AN.SWER. — I should say there is objection, very decidedly. In the first place, when you shut in the hive a bee that wants to get out to die, that bee doesn't quietly crawl down on the floor-board and die in a good-natured way. It goes fussing around, raising a rumpus among the other bees that would otherwise be quietly dozing away, and when there's enough of that sort of thing, other bees will become so uneasy they'll get diseased and conclude they want to die, and thus the thing grows. When a bee is ready to die, it's much better for it to be allowed to leave the hive. As to the matter of cleanliness, it may not be very pleas- ant for you to be tramping around on dead bees, but really it Isn't necessary for you to take a daily promenade in your bee- cellar, and if you must do so there's no law against your sweeping the floor. During the first part of the winter very few bees come out on the ground, and it may not be necessary to sweep it for some time, but afterward it is well to sweep up the dead bees perhaps once in two weeks. It may be a question whether you are to consider more your own comfort or that of the bees. Taking it from the bees' standpoint, they might say to you : " It's all very well for you to complain of our corpses on the floor, but if you had a big family, and a number of them were dead, would you prefer to have their dead bodies left to decay in the house, or would you rather have them out in the yard ? Perhaps you'll say you wouldn't have either, that you'd bury them decently. Well, there's no reason why you shouldn't take us out to a decent burial." I think you will see that a putrid mass of dead bees in a hive is much worse than on a cellar-bottom. So don't think of fastening in your bees. Boaclies in the Hives. I would like to know if roaches do any harm when they are in the bee-hives. If so, how should one get rid of them ? M. E. P. Answer.- to the bees. -I don't think they ever do any particular harm Feeding Bees in a Greenh.ouse. Could I feed a colony of bees in a greenhouse with wire- cloth over the top and entrance, to advantage ? Do you know of any one having tried it ? I have a chance to feed a weak colony in that way. H. S. J. Answer. — Look here. You'd better let that thing alone entirely. It's been tried by different ones, but I never heard ot its being a success. Feeding at ttie Entrance to Stimulate Bees. I have 60 colonies of bees that I have in 8-frame dove- tailed hives with outside winter-cases, with cloth, 3 thick- nesses of newspaper, with a hole as large as my hand torn out, and chaff cushion overlaying all. Now, I wish to stimu- late them by feeding in the spring at the entrance, without " fanning the cover " over them, as I believe it would do as much harm as the feed would do good. What is the best way to do it ? J. A. M. Answer. — There's an entrance-feeder made of tin, on the atmospheric principle, that's a good entrance feeder, but I can't recall whose it is. With that you're safe to give the feed day or night without danger of robbers getting at it from the outside. If your hive-bottoms are tight, you can tip back your hive, and pour the feed directly into the hive at the en- trance, but you must do it at night. Feeding in the Spring for Increase. I have kept bees since 1879, but in all these years of bee- keeping I haven't fed 5 pounds of syrup or honey. What I am driving at is this: I want to increase nc.\t spring as much as possible, and will have to feed pretty lively, as we do not have many early flowers here. I expect to feed granulated sugar, and want to know what is the best way to prepare it before putting in the hives ? From what you and others say in the bee-papers, to use a percolator is the best. How would one work made as follows? Take a 30-gallon barrel with one head in ; bore it full ot %-inch holes, then put in (how many ?) thicknesses of flannel, set the barrel over a hopper-like re- ceiving-vessel with gate below. Please tell me if it would work all right ? We do not get as big yields here as others do, but hardly ever have an entire failure. If the Indians allot their land it will bo a big help to the bee-keepers here along the line. As it is, it is all prairie, and not much account for bee-pasture. I am only three miles in the State, but will locate farther in 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 135 from the line. The Territory will be a grand place for bee- keeping when it is "brolsen out," and, besides that, it will break up the gang of out-laws which give us so much trouble. Edna, Kans., Jan. 23. W. E. P. Answer. — The plan you propose, with perhaps half a dozen thicknesses of flannel will work all right. The greatest likelihood of trouble with your percolator will be that you may not get the flannel fit down tight on the wood, and the water will work a channel through the sugar to such a place, and run through without taking its proper quota of sugar with it. But I wouldn't make any percolator at all. That's a thing of the past. Set an empty hive-body over your hive of bees, the frames being covered over with only a small hole for the bees to get up into the empty hive. Fill a tumbler two-thirds full of sugar, more or less, then 811 it up with water, lay over it a single thickness of flannel, or two thicknesses of cotton- cloth, put a saucer or a plate over this, then holding one hand on top the plate, and the other under the tumbler, quickly turn the whole thing upside down and set it in your empty upper hive and cover bee-tight. It may be necessary to daub a little syrup from the hole to the feed to get them started. That's easier than getting syrup ready, and it's just as good if not better. If you want to feed a larger quantity you can take a gallon crock. A Question on Best Management. I wish to increase 30 colonies to 60, and get as much ex- tracted honey as possible. Which is best to work, half of them for honey and the rest for increase, or divide them all ? My surplus houey is principally from heart's-ease. Shelton, Nebr. A. W. S. Answer. — I believe I'd work all alike, especially as your chief harvest is late. He Wants a Successful Self-Hiver. I have some colonies in box-hives, and do not want to transfer them this year. In swarming time I want them to swarm naturally. I have no time to watch them as the swarms issue. What is the best practical automatic swarm- hiver or self-hiver now in use? Tenn. Answer. — I don't know. The swarm-hiver business is yet in the raw, many having machines that they think will be successful, but I don't know that any one as yet has anything that will hive a swarm as satisfactorily every time as you can hive them yourself. Transferring and Swarming. I have two colonies in box-hives, which I expect to transfer to chaff hives next spring, on a full set of wired frames of foundation. They are strong colonies. I am living in a section where are black locust, poplar, basswood, white clover- and Alsike clover, besides other wild flowers. Will the bees cast a good swarm by stimulating them on granulated sugar syrup, after being transferred? Or had I better not let them swarm ? I have been keeping bees for five years, and had no opportunity to transfer. I have had pretty fair success. Koch, O. A.M. S. Answer. — You will hardly transfer until honey is yielding, and putting them on empty frames of foundation can hardly be called transferring. Very likely they may not think of swarming at all, and unless you are quite anxious for increase you will be better off if they do not swarm. Feeding syrup will not make much difference in the matter, unless there comes a time when for several days they can gather nothing outside, when feeding would keep up brood-rearing. Bee-Eeeping in New Mexico — May be Golden-Rod. I bought 10 colonies about a year ago, and last season I got 8J:0 pounds of honey in one-pound sections, which I sold for $136. -±0, and I have 38 colonies at present. My bees were in the S-frame dovetailed hive, one super to the colony, with flat covers painted on both sides, and I would not give it for the gable cover for my use. Swarms come out as late as Sept. 9, and fill the hive. We have a yellow flower that blooms late, and yields lots of honey. If Dr. Miller had it growing where he lives it would be worth $100 a year to him. It grows in the driest of years — the drier the better. I will mail him some of the seeds. In a few years he will not have to feed S75 worth of sugar to carry his bees through the winter. B. S. Eddy, N. Hex., Jan. 28. Answer. — I wonder if the yellow flower mentioned is not golden-rod. It is highly lauded by some, while in other locali- ties it seems to be worthless. CONDtrCTED BY Re\'. Emerson T. A-bbott, St. Josepft, Mo. mark ttlis. — " Quietness is the essential quality for safe wintering, for with it always comes the least consump- tion of stores, and with a minimum consumption of stores comes the least possible exhausted vitality and the greatest longevity during the spring and early summer days." — Doo- little. Here is food for a good deal of thought, as it tells in a few lines what one might take pages to write on the " winter problem." To prevent " exhausted vitality " is everything to the bee-keeper. When it is remembered that bees ivear themselves out and do not die of disease, in most cases, it will be seen how important it is to stop this wear as far as possible during the winter, when we expect the workers to live five or six months instead of that many weeks, as they do when actually engaged in gathering honey. I have long insisted that any method of feeding which makes it necessary to disturb the bees during cold weather is a mistake, and a serious one, too. Here is something along this same line from Henry Alley, put in his blunt and rugged way : "Should we find any one in our apiary on a cold day disturbing our bees, there would be a racket at once. Noth- ing could make us so near wild as such a thing as that. We hardly ever go about the hives at all in winter, fearing that by merely stepping about the stands we might disturb the bees. A colony of bees well supplied with food has no trouble in caring for itself." Kot About Bees. — "Some people do not seem to be able to comprehend the fact that almost all kinds of work nowadays require careful, tlwugluful, earnest a^tlention. The men who get good pay, who are making great strides in their profession, concentrate all their energies — all their attention and thought — on the work in question." — A. I. Root, in Gleanings. Here is a real gem set in the finest of mounting, and it is refreshing to find such in this age when many men spend more time whining about the poor pay they get than they do in thinking about how to do the work well they have in hand. I hardly think Friend Root knew what a gem he was setting before his readers when he uttered these words. Just think of it ! "Careful, thoughtful, earnest attention !" How many of us are giving this to the work we have in band ? Oh, if this could only be printed in large letters and hung up in every apiary, every shop and factory, in every store, on every farm, and in every kitchen — nay, more, in every place where human hands and brains are striving to get for themselves an honest living — what a grand monitor it would be ! A careful, thoughtful, earnest bee-keeper ; a careful, thoughtful, earnest farmer ; a careful, thoughtful, earnest doctor, preacher, lawyer, clerk, daily laborer, or housewife, giving close atten- tion to all details — surely they mu.st succeed, and not be long in want of soinething to do. But, alas for human weakness ! No wonder that Bro. Root said he was tempted to say some- times, " Oh, why is it that God made so many worth so little, and only a few worth so much ?" But, then, as he says, God did not make us so. We mode ourselves that way. Think again — careful, thoughtful, earnest — are you ? Please ISeiiieniber that I am not a dealer in bee-keepers' supplies, so do not send to me for a catalogue, etc. Just write to those who advertise in the Bee Journal, for anything you may de- sire in that line, and tbey will be pleased to supply your wants. But there's something you am send to me, and that is your sub- scription to the Bee Journal for one or more years, if not already paid in advance. Suppose you look at the wrapper-label on your next copy of the Bee Journal, and see how your subscription ac- count stands. If it is in arrears, please send on enough to put it^ well, say to Jan. 1, 1896. any way. That will surely make at least two people happy — yo^frself and /nyselt. Please "try it on." — Ei:>. 136 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 27, PUBLISHED WEEKLY BV GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, 5G Flttb Ai-oniio. - CHICAGO. lit. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. [Bntered at the Post-OfHce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter.] EDITOR. Assisted by the following Department Editors : Dr. C. C. Miller - - - "Questions and Answers." Mrs. Jennie Atchley - - - "The Scnnt Southland." "Gleaner" .... "Among the Bee-Papers." "Bee-Master" ..... "Canadian Beedom." Dr. F. L. Peiro " Doctor's Hints." Rev. Emerson T. Abbott • . "Notes and Comments." Vol. inV. CHICA&O, ILL, FEB. 28, 1895. No. 9. Editorial Budget* Xlie Annual Report of the Nebraska State Bee-Keepers' Association for 1894, is on my desk. It was gotten up by Mr. L. D. Stilson, editor of the Nebraska Bee-Keeper, and Secretary of the Association, and is a credit to the bee-keepers of that State. When you get ahead of those Nebraska bee-folks, you'll have to rise pretty early. They are hustlers! I think they are getting ready to "show off " in 1890, when the North American convention comes to look in on them. They know how to do it, too. Mr. John II. Msirlln— the "Rambler" of Gleanings- has sent us a condensed report of the recent meeting of the Cali- fornia State Bee-Keepers' Association, of which he is the efficient Secretary. The report will be published as soon as there is room for it in these columns. Accompanying the report, was a letter dated Feb. 1, at Bloom- ington, Calif., in which Mr. Martin says: "The gentle rain is falling again, and the prospects are bright for a good honey sea- son." I hope those "prospects" will be followed by the largest and sweetest honey crop California has ever had. Xlie .National Itce-KeeperN' |:uion General Man- ager Newman has sent out the following report, giving the result of the recent election of officers for the ensuing year: OFFICAL CANVASS OP VOTES. To Members of the Xalional Bee Keepers' Uuion: — The canvass of all the votes received, up to the time of closing the polls, on Feb. 1, 1895, shows that 151 ballots were recorded, as follows: For President— Hon. R. L. Taylor, 126; Dr. C. C. Miller, 5- G. M. Doolittle, 4; Hon. Eugene Secor, 3; A. I. Root, 3; Scatter- ing and blanks, 11. Total, 151. For Vice-Presidents -Dr. C. C. Miller. 114; G. M. Doolittle 113; I'rof. A. J. Cook, 103; A. I. Root, 101 ; G. W. Demaree 77- Hon. Eugene Secor, :iS; C. P. Dadant, 31; C. F. Muth, 33: P h' Elwood. 10; G. W. Brodbeek, 14; G. W. York, 11; E. R. Root 7- Hon. R. I,. Taylor, 7; Mrs. Jennie Atchley. 0; James Heddon 0- W.Z.Hutchinson, 4; S. I. Freeborn, 3; R, F. Holtermann 3- Frank Benton. 3; C. W. Dayton, 3; H. G. Acklin,2; Scattering, 17.' For General Manager, Secretary and Treasurer— Thomas G. Newman, 14'J; Blank, 3. Total, 151. Although several have expressed their desire for a change in the officers, the members have decided to keep the management in the same hands for another year. Mr. G. W. Demaree, who has served as Vice-President for 10 years, now states both publicly and privately that he pusitivehj ile- c&i^s fo art on the " advisory board " for the coming year — as he desires a change in the "official board.'' This will elect Hon. Eugene Secor. who has received the next highest number of votes. We welcome Friend Secor most heartily, because of his eminent ability, influence and sound judgment. This is a place where the latter is a very necessary qualification, and the sagacity of the Board is sometimes quite severely tested. Several more decisions from Supreme Courts are needed as precedents, for the guidance of judges in lower courts, and one of these, I hope, is about to be obtained, covering a very important point. The treasury being in a satisfactory condition, the Union is fortunately in a position to di'mand justicf , and protect the rights of its members in the courts of law. This is a place where "money counts." If the Union was a bankrupt concern, quite powerless to "help in time of need," its influence would be infinitesimal, and itself a laughing-stock for all. The " sinews of war " makes all the difference in the world. Thomas G. Newman, General Manager. Chicago, 111. Feb. 3, 1895. Iloney-t^alve, an exchange says, for boils and other dis- eases of a similar character, is made by thoroughly incorporating flour with honey until of a proper consistency to spread on cloth. Applied over the boil it hastens suppuration, and the early term- ination of the painful lesion. Xlie American Uee-Ke^per for February came out with double the number of pages, having added what it calls a "literary department." It admits that "in former issues" it "found considerable fault" with other bee-papers that had taken on side-issues in the way of " running in matter foreign " to bee- keeping. Well, Bro. American, I don't believe you'll always make up half of your paper of "stereotyped plate-matter." But mind you, /don't object to it at all. Mr. A. I. Root is now in Florida with one of his daughters, and is writing up his trip for Gleanings. Mr. Selser's interesting article on Florida, on page 67 of the Bee Journal, will be followed by others just as soon as there is room for them in these columns. I have them in the office now, but some other contributions were In ahead of them. I may say here that I trust no one will worry, or become impatient, if his or her article or letter is not published in the Bee Journal the next week after I receive it. Such a thing is quite impossible usually, and particularly at this season of the year. *-»-*■ Mr. J. <'. n^allennieyer, of Evansville, Ind., the author of the pretty song, " Queenie Jeanette," gave me a pleasant call on Feb. 15, while in Chicago on business. Mr. W. is an energetic and affable young bee-keeper, having done exceedingly well the past year with his bees. His picture, as well as Queenie Jeanette's, is on the engraved cover of his new song. Price of the song is 40 cents, postpaid ; or I can send it to you with the American Bee Journal for one year— both for ?1.30. But you can get it free as a premium for sending one new yearly subscriber to the Bee Jour- nal, with $1.00. A rVe>v Iloney'PIant Mr. Adolf Theiss, of Darmstadt, Hessia, has introduced a new creeper bearing eatable fruit. The plant is called AfliuhUn pu![/gtiina or argiita, originating in the Amur District. This hardy plant will climb very high and wind sponta- neously. Its leaves are about the size of those of elm-trees, only longer; its blossoms are small and rich in honey; its fruits, grow- ing in long bunches of a fine green color, and having the size of gooseberries, taste sweet, and have the smell of pine-apples. The plant requires a thick layer of vegetable soil, and has to be watered in lasting drouth during summer, but, in all other respects, needs no attendance whatever. I>r. K. (aallnp and lion. J. M. llanibaugii " sur- prised " the California State bee-convention Feb. 5, by being in attendance. Mr. Geo. W. Brodbeek, a vice-president of the asso- ciation, wrote to me thus about it: Two genuine surprises came to us during the late session of our State bee-association at Los Angeles. The first, in having present that whole-souled Mr. Hambaugh, of Illinois — in whom any section can take just pride; and the second, the presence of that invincible California bee-expounder— Dr. E. Gallup. We are having another rain treat, and with some additional 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 137 moisture later in the season, I feel disposed to speculate on a good honey season ; hut in California, as elsewhere, we can tell better later on. CtEO. W. Bkodbeck. Good for Mr. Hambaugh and Dr. Gallnpl Mr. Alpaugb, of Canada, was there also. All three were made honorary members of the Association. Surely, a grand meeting it must have been, with them and Prof. Cook, Messrs. Rambler, Brodbeck, etc., in attendance. But just wait till you hear from Toronto! Those Canadian bee-folks are " something great " on conventions, I hear. Uind Xeslimonials— and lots of them— still keep coming from the host of friends of the old American Bee Journal. I often wish I could print every one of them, but it would take up too much room, and you wouldn't like that, especially when I have so much excellent matter waiting its turn now. Of course it is very encouraging to me to know that my efforts are being appreciated by those who subscribe for the Bee Journal, and I want to again thank you all for your many kind expressions. By the way, I have a lot of " good things " in store for you, which wiU appear as fast as possible. In the meantime, just get your brother bee-keepers to subscribe for the Bee Journal, and then they, too, can enjoy reading it. A great many have already sent in the names and money of new subscribers, but there is room for a whole lot more. If I had twice the present number of good, paying subscribers, I could give you — well, certainly a 50 per cent, better bee-paper, and not cost you a cent more than it does now. Why not you help to double the list, and thus help yourself as well as your friends ? Many have done nobly in sending in new subscribers in the past, but I believe that much more can be done if a little more effort is put forth by all. Try it and see. Send for free sample copies, and then start out, won't you 1 Mr. S I. Freeborn. As promised last week, I now give a picture (see first page) and sketch of Mr. S. I. Freeborn, who died at Richland Center, Wis., Feb. 5, 1895. He was one of the corps of experts who answer the queries found in the "Question-Box" of the American Bee Journal each week, and in that department his sound judgment aud wise counsel will be greatly missed. In the American Bee Journal for Dec. 14, 1893, in con- nection with the portrait given, was printed this sketch of Mr. Freeborn's career, which will at this time be read with a new interest and profit : Among the early pioneers of Wisconsin was Samuel Irwin Freeborn, then only 14 years of age. His father having been dead some four years, he was early thrown on his own resources, and right well did he improve them, for he soon learned to handle a canoe or rifle equal to any Indian with whom he could then test his skill, for Indians were quite com- mon in those days. Hunting deer and bear was his especial delight, and not until the advance of civilization made game scarce did he give up his annual deer hunt. Mr. Freeborn is also one of the pioneers in bee-keeping. He kept as high as 230 colonies in box-hives before the advent of frame hives, and he made a success of it, even then having sold .S600 worth of honey in one season. Hearing of the merits of a frame hive, he adopted the Gallup, and increased his bees until he is to-day one of the largest bee-keepers in the State, keeping from 200 to 400 colonies spring count. While he has a good many Langstroth hives, it is a hard job to convince him that any other hive has as many good points as the Gallup. Well do I remember the first extractor he had, and what a sensation the first 10,(J00 pounds of honey made. All his neighbors wanted bees, and many did get them, but DOW I know of but one bee-keeper within four miles of Mr. Freeborn's old place. His largest crop of honey was 45,000 pounds of extracted in one year. He fully believes iu overstocking, and has always run his bees in several different yards, 200 colonies being about the largest number he has found profitable to keep in one yard, and this in the best location, with plenty of basswood, clover, and buckwheat in easy reach. While Mr. Freeborn is not much of a hand to write for publication, he has always been " there "whert it came time to harvest the honey crop. Winter losses have been the great drawback with him, and many are the experiments he has tried to circumvent this trouble. While the greater number of experiments would be successful for a few years, he has had to fall back on cellaring as the best. But he rather prefers a special arrangement, like a cave dug in a convenient bank. Once he thought he had a sure thing for wintering, by making small houses over about 20 colonies set close together, and packed in chaff. In mild winters they were all right, but when a real " killer "came along they were absent at spring "roll call." Besides his bee-business, Mr. Freeborn owns three farms, and is one of the largest fruit-growers in the State of Wis- consin, being an extensive grower of apples, grapes and all kinds of small fruit. He is an enthusiast on fruit-growing, and has the largest variety of apples, of named kinds, of any one in the West, to say nothing of an endless number of seed- lings of his own growing. He was at one time extensively engaged in the nursery business, under the firm name of Freeborn & Hatch, but he is now about out of that line of business. Having obtained a competency by industry and economy, he has built himself a fine residence in the pleasant young city of Richland Center, where he expects to spend the remain- ing days allotted to him, in peace and quiet ; although not having as yet retired from the active management of his varied business interests. The subject of this sketch was born in Hartland, Niagara Co., N. Y. about 60 years ago, and has been twice married, his first wife being Miss Elvira Howe, of Stanstead, Canada. Three children were born during her life, two sons and one daughter. His present wife was Miss Hadassah Spyker, of Ithaca, Wis., and two children have been born to them, a son and daughter. Mr. Freeborn is a member of the Presbyterian church, and is always wide awake to every interest of the neighbor- hood, whether it be a social gathering or a political meeting. /KtrfOtfq i1r)c Bee-Papers Conducted by "GLEANER." SPRAYING DURING BLOOM. At the Ontario convention, the Review says Mr. Hall told of a neighbor who sprayed his plum trees while in full bloom. His reward was the getting not more than half a dozen plums from his plum orchard, while other neighbors that didn't even spray at all had fair crops of plums. TO FEED OR NOT TO FEED. Experimenter Taylor gives as an argument in favor of feeding back, that a colony thus fed has a larger stock of young bees, hence better fitted to go into winter. Hasty asks in Review : " A prosperous colony whose sea- son closed sharply and finally the middle of July, and which has passed the rest of the season in a sort of summer hiber- nation, are they not really just as hopeful to go into the win- ter with, as the colony which has been hustling all the fall ?" B. TAYLOR'S 8T0RT IN THE REVIEW. Very interesting to hear him go back 25 years. Some will be reminded of their own early enthusiasm. He says : " In theyear 1863 I produced and sold .$65.00 worth of honey from two colonies of bees." Then he figured what he could make the next season with the 75 colonies he had. "There could be no mistake, for there were 75 colonies which at $32.50 each would bring $2437.50 the very first year. I at once decided I would increase my colonies to at least 1,000 and at once build a fine dwelling." But the dwelling didn't come till 15 years later. Then he tells how the sectional brood-chamber grew out of his experiments years before such a thing was patented. SOMNAMBULIST'S OPINION. Here is what Somnambulist, the bright correspondent of Progressive, says : " Not to take note of the strenuous efforts now being put forth by Bro. York to insure his journal a place in the front ranks, would be to outrage justice. He's rather a small bundle of humanity but the make-up of that bundle— like the big man said of his wife— 'She's little, but Oh my!' A brighter, kindlier countenance one seldom greets. And almost if not quite at first glance one cannot fail to discover 138 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 28, that energy and detenu i nation to please are principal compo- nent parts of bis being. " Now, Bro. Yoik, if your hat begins to feel a little tight, just remember Somnambulist is talking in his sleep. [Say, Gleaner, what Somnambulist said is enough to make a fellow " feel tight " all over. But if I find my hat pressing too much, I'll get one made of rubber. — Editob.] WAX EVAI'OKATING. I tried holding a waxed cloth over a steam jet, as directed by Chas. Swindells, on page 94, but the magical disappearance did not take place. Does the slightest particle of wax ever evaporate at 2123? jj^s he not made some mistake in the whole matter? TWO BEE-MEN WITH " K0TION8." What in the world's the matter with Dr. Miller that he wants to insist that Bro. Abbott should be run in the same mould as every other bee-keeper? He doesn't always stick so close to the beaten track himself that he should make a hulla- baloo when some one else varies. Isn't that the very thing a bee-paper is for — to find out one another's notions? We're not bound to adopt them. SHALLOW vs. DEEP EXTRACTING-COMBS. That's a new idea to me, and I believe it's a good one, that Dadant gives, that queens are less likely to lay in shallow than deep extracting-combs. But the question is, will it make enough difference so that a queen-excluder is not needed? I had always supposed that the reason queens seldom went up into sections was because of the separators and the width of the sections. Possibly the shallowness has something to do with it. I wish Mr. Dadant would tell us if he uses excluders. EARLY vs. LATE QUEENS. On page 85, W. W. Gravlee finds by experiment that queens reared artificially very early in the season are best. The point for strong emphasis in the matter is that the exper- iment was with a few colonies for a single season, in which case there might be a number of things to account for the difference in results without regard to the character of the queens. As the testimony of many is that queens reared in advance of the swarming season do not come up to the average, and that good queens are reared all through the swarming period, it is hardly worth while to advance anything less than a considerable number of different results obtained through more than a single year. The only point upon which there is much chance for controversy is whether a queen reared after the swarming season can be as good as one reared during that time. MUSHROOMS AND SPANKING. I suppose it is dangerous to disagree with a doctor, but I'm not sure that Dr. Peiro's test for mushrooms will work in this "locality.'' He don't give the color of good ones, but says those covered with pink or red are always poisonous. In this region two colors are common — white, which I have always rejected, and those whose under surfaces are pink, turning to brown and black with age. These latter I have often gathered and eaten with pleasant results. If onions were boiled with them, I'd call them bad, no matter what the color. Now I'm not going to come in conflict with Dr. Peiro as a medical man, but it seems to mo there's something out of whack with his morals on that spanking question. If prece- dent counts for anything, the spanking should be given to the boy that has run off to go in swimming and come home safe and sound. Condiiciea hy "BEE-MASTER." Who is Bee-]na§ter? c: A paragraph in the January Bee-Keepers' Review reads as follows : — " 'Bee-Master' has a department in the American Bee Journal, and flatters himself that no one will discover his identity. Let him not lay that flattering unction to his soul, as anyone at all conversant with his writings in the past will at once recognize the eloquent quill that he drives." While making his best bow in acknowledgement of the delicate compliment conveyed in the latter part of this clipping, Bee-Master begs to assure the genial editor that he does not lay any such flattering unction to his soul as he is charged with. He knows that men are even more curious than women, if that be possible. He knows, also, that not only, as a certain pious ditty says : *'Tbe painted hypocrites are known Through the disguise they wear," but it is very hard for honest men to hide their personal identity when, for good and sufficient reasons, they wish to do so. But while he may be " suspicioned," Bee-Master does not intend to be discovered. He believes in impersonal editorship, anyhow, and is bound to enjoy the fun of this way of doing it in the present instance. At a masquerade you may think you recognize a party by some peculiarity of form, gait, or manner, but cannot be sure until the masked person lifts his or her visor. So it will be in this case. Bees are prying little insects, and some bee-keepers are prone to fall into the ways of their "pets," as they call them, but over-inquisitiveness is not a virtue, by any means. When a royal or otherwise distinguisned person travels incog., although he or she may be recognized, it is not etiquette to presume to address them by any other name than that by which, for reasons of their own, they have chosen to be known, for the nonce. Mr. Hutchinson is a very smart man, and possessed, no doubt, of great penetration, but he is too polite and well-mannered to intrude into a "sanctum sancto- rum" over whose door " no admission " has been inscribed. Stacliclliansen. Mr. E. E. Hasty in his "Condensed View" for January speaks of the aboved-named eminent bee-keeper as follows : — " Stachelhausen, one of the strongest and best of American writers, and who has been missing somewhat for quite awhile, appears in the September number of the Apiculturist, unless, perchance, that article is a re-publication. We can ill afford to lose such a pen as Stachelhausen's ; and whoever knows where he is secreted ought to poke him out Stachel- hausen thinks it probable that bees do add formic acid (sting poison) to the honey before capping it. Thus he willingly volunteers to take part of the odium and chaff to which Friend W. F. Clarke has been subjected. He also suggests that the same is the natural preventive to foul brood." Mr. Hasty suggests that formic acid may be a cure for bee-paralysis. It might be well if M. R. L. Taylor would try some experiments along these lines. Onlario Foul Brood Inspector's Report. Br WM. m'evoy. During 1894 I visited the bee-yards in the counties of Essex, Lambion, Middlesex, Oxford, Brant, Wentworth, Wel- lington, Halton, Peel, York, Frontenac, Duffern, and Simcoe, and in the cities of Hamilton and Toronto. I examined 125 apiaries, and found foul brood in 39 bee-yards. In two apiaries the disease had not made much headway, while in three it had. The remaining 34 apiaries were very bad with foul brood, and the death-rate among many of these had been very large before I examined any of them. The condition I so often found things in, in several locali- ties, gave me more to do than any person ever knew of. I found some bee-yards very badly diseased and near fine apiaries, and the owners of these foul-broody apiaries away from their homes looking after other business that they were engaged in. In all such cases I looked around and got a good bee-keeper in the same localities to carry out ray method of treatment in these foul-broody apiaries, and make cures with- out causing loss or trouble to any one. I never saw people so willing to take hold and cure their diseased apiaries after I explained how to do it, as the bee-keepers that I met with in the past season. I had one very old couple cure 13 foul-broody colonies under the most trying circumstances. This aged couple were in poor health and scarcely able to go around; the weather was very warm and the bees not gathering any honey, and the diseased colonies being near some fine apiaries, I was very much pleased to see the grand cure the old couple had made in such a short time. In getting foul-broody apiaries cured I have always found that it made a great difference who was going to do the work. Nearly all bee-keepers would cure their fool-broody apiaries 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 139 in a short time, and end the season with every colony in grand condition, while some that had only a few colonies would be so careless and indifferent about the curing, and would not do as I told them, and then I resorted to stamping the disease out by fire, for the public good. The very wet weather that set in all over the Province in the last half of May and forepart of June was a serious thing as it came at a time when the hives were full of bees and brood, and completely stopped all honey-gathering then. With the honey-flow so suddenly shut off, the bees soon used up all the unsealed honey, and then they did not uncap the sealed stores fast euough to keep pace with the very large quantity of larVcB that required so much feeding, the result being a good deal of starved brood, which was left in the cells to decay. Then when the bee-keepers found the starved brood in a decaying state in their colonies, many of them became greatly alarmed and believed that foul brood was breaking out in their apiaries. Soon after that, I received many letters from bee-keepers in Ontario and the United States, describing a kind of dead brood that the writers found in their colonies, and wanting to know if it was foul brood. In several cases it was starved brood, and in many others it was the genuine foul brood. This confused state of things with the constitution of so many colonies going wrong, made the bee-keepers very anxious to have their apiaries examined. After that, I was wanted in many places; I rushed through every locality as fast as I could, and kept pretty well up with the work. 1 burned one colony in Oxford county that was almost dead with foul brood, and nine in the county of Halton — four at one apiary and five in another. The owners of both apiaries were very willing that I should destroy the few diseased colonies, and helped me do the burning. I burned three foul-broody colonies in Wellington county. I was well pleased with the work done by the owners of all other diseased apiaries. In getting the foul-broody apiaries cured, I always took the greatest of pains to explain to the owners how to manage the business so as to have every colony a good strong one and in fine condition every way when they were cured of the disease. When I was first appointed Inspector, I made up my mind not to put the names of those whose bees had foul brood, in my Annual Report, but to send them to the Minister of Agri- culture, along with a detailed statement of my time, carfare, livery hire, the exact condition I found every apiary in that I examined, and what was done and how I managed the whole business, and succeeded in getting foul-broody apiaries cured by the wholesale, peaceful settlements made, and justice done where diseased colonies had been sold through mistakes, where I burned a few foul-broody colonies, and why I did it. I knew well that if I was to put the names of those that had foul brood in my annual report, it would hurt the sale of their honey, queens and bees for a long time after their apiaries were cured, and to publish the names could do no person good, while it would be sure to lead to the concealment of the disease. The bee-keepers of every part of the Prov- ince that I have ever been in, always gave me credit for the way I managed the whole business. At the first Board of Directors Meeting held in Lindsay, in January, 189-i, it was moved by Mr. John Myers, seconded by Mr. E. A. Jones, and carried, that the Inspector send all the names to the Minister of Agriculture only. All the bee- keepers that I heard speak of this while on my rounds through the Province, were pleased that a resolution had been passed prohibiting any person from getting the names except the Minister of Agriculture. My time, carfare and livery hire amounted to $662.25. Woodburn, Ont. Jan. 21. Wm. McEvoy. E.L.Kincaid's Ad Notice to Bee-Keepers' 6l Dealers. I have one of the Largest and Best Equipped Factories la the West devoted entirely to the Ht?i"nriecured Bee-Kccpers' Supplies. the right to manufacture the Improved HlgginsTille Hive Cover, I will place It on all Hives sent out this year, unless other- wlseordered. Send your nameon a postal card at once, for Large Illustrated Catalogue and Price-List free, giving pries and < ull desoiip- tion of the Improved Hive Cover, D. T. Hives, Sections. Frames. Supers. Crates. Boxes, Ex- tractors, Foundation. Smokers. Veils. Queen- Cages. Etc. E. L. KINCAID, WALKER, MO, 7D8t Mention the American Bee Journal, COLE'S IllDBlrated CD pp I Garden Annual lHhs • i The Best and la- I test Novelties I ^^_v^ in Beans, Gobn. IjETTXrCE, Melon, tomato 4 Seed Potatoes, Pansies Sweet Peas. 8ave money in : buyine from U3, Complete list. t^"Eitras with orders. Address COLE'S Seed Store, Pella, Iowa SEEDS ^ 3D4t AJentiint the American Bee Jonmal. ^••<^ • THE BEST s> INCUBATOR; I often fails in its purpose because of an inaccurate i . regulation of heat. ForlSyearswe have made a ' specialty of incubator thermometers that are un- i excelled for accuracy and sensitivenees. A. (i;uar- anteed thermometer by express, prepaid for 75c. i 'TAYLOR BROS. CO. Rochester, N. Y.^ 3D6t nctau/n tne American Bey JouTTUii SIMPLEX HATCHER & JimrfciCA BROODER Combined. THE MOST PERFECT Incubator Made. Hatches every egg that a hen could hatch; Regulates itself auto- niaticaUy; Keduces thecoatof poultry raising tea minimum. Send forlUustrutedC'atiilogue. 160 EsK HizL;^16.00. SIMPLEX MANFC. CO.. Qulncv.lll. lD7t Mention the American Bee Journal, QuGstioi;)'Box> In the multitude of counsellors there is safety. — Prov. 11-14. ]Ve\v or Old Comb for Honey or Brood-Rearing ? Query 960.— 1. Do bees prefer new or old comb in which to store honey ? 2. Do they prefer new or old comb for brood rearins?— Ky. B. Taylor — 1 and 2. I do not know. R. L. Taylor — 1. No preference. 2. Old comb. Dr. C. C. Miller— 1. Old, always. 2. Old, every time. Eugene Seoor — 1 and 2. I never no- ticed any preference. E. France — 1 and 2. I don't know as they have any choice. Rev. M. Mahin — 1 and 2. They do not seem to haVe any preference. Mrs. L. Harrison — 1. I do not know as it makes any difference. 2. I don't know. H. D. Cutting — 1 and 2. Bees prefer comb finished, but " how old " is another question. G. M. Doolittle — land 2. I could never see as they gave a preference to either for honey or brood. J. A. Green— 1 and 2. Old, for both purposes, provided it is in as good con- dition in other respects. Jas. A. Stone — 1 and 2. My experi- ence has been that they use whichever is in the place they wish first to occupy. Mrs. Jennie Atchley — 1. I'm not sure this question is answerable, as bees pre- fer to store where the combs are kept warm by the cluster, and no preference as far as I can see. 2. I doubt if the **••♦♦***♦***••***♦*****•*• INCUBATORS; We Warrant The Reliables I I 1 1 ■ ■ ■tl' ■ ■] ToHatch Super ceoL Milt Rigcla ting -^ .X 1 , ^*~B' ^VT I'ursble. Correct in Principle. Leader X growls \ I ^x at Wnrld-B Fair. 6cts. In stamps for ?. ^ ^•— »ew 112 pace Poultrj Gai^e and Cata- * ■frhpcue. POULTRY FuR PROFIT made plain, Bcd-Rock Information, ic ie Reliable Incubator and Brooder Co. .Quincy, III. -k •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 13D13 Mention the American Bee Journal, BRBESHIBE, CheBter WUte, Jerae7 Bed and Poland ChinA PIGS. Jereey, Guernaey and Holfltein Catlle. Thoroughbred Sheep. Fancy FonltrT. Hunting and House Doga, Catalogue. , wTl'MITHi OocliraiiTUle, Cheater Co..Peimfc ] .lJ-)26 Mention the American Bee Journal. SUCCESSFUI i IMCUBATOR UT A cjitalogue givine full^ "informBtion regardingg artifijial hatching andT broodiniz, al^o b treatiseJ on poultry raislug eentj FREE. Write now t«^r Des Uolnea Zccubator Co.,i Box 1 DES MOLNES, lA.' Mention the American Bee Journal- IDS Rad l?tiAonoc~^^^™P^'^^^s- Cheap but good. DtC'I]iIStd|ICIS 8 cts. each; 1*2— 7oc.. postpaid. Qneen - Catclier i,^'IVtry^X°r1: 23 cents each; 12. $i.50. postpaid. Instruc- tions with each. M. O. Office. Los Angeles. ISDtt C. W. Dayton, Florence, Calif. Mention the A.merlcan Bee Journal. ONE MAN WITH THE UNION ^°-|--'°'^ Can do the work of four men using hand tools, in Kipping, Cutting-off, Mi- tring, Kabbeting, Groov- ing, Gaining, Dadoing, Edglng-up. Jointing Stulf, etc. Full Lineof Foot and Hand Power Machinery. Sold on Trial. €aliilosue Free. SENECA FALLS MFG. CO., 46 Water rit., SENECA FALLS. N. T 25U12 Mentiori the AmericAin Bee Journal. 140 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 27, bees have a preference here, either, but the queen often lays in a new piece of comb when she has plenty old combs near her. Chas. Dadant «fe Son— 1 and 2. No difference in either case, unless the comb be too old for the queen to lay eggs in it readily. W. G. Larrabee — 1 and 2. If the new combs are drawn out to full length, I do not think they show any preference in either case. Prof. A. J. Cook — 1 and 2. — Bees are not fastidious in either case. They will start queen-cells, however, most readily on bright comb. Mrs. J. N. Heater— 1 and 2. There is no preference in either case, but if you want queen-cells drawn, they will use the new combs sooner. Dr. J. P. H. Brown- 1 and 2. I do not know that they have any choice, only so the comb is sound and clean. These re- quisites areimportaut factors with them. C. H. Dibbern— 1 and 2. I think bees will accept one about as readily as the other, when there is honey coming in. The same holds true as to brood-rearing. P. H. Elwood— 1. I think the bees have a slight preference for new comb. 2. Comb that has been once bred in seems to be preferred to older or younger. J. E. Pond— 1 and 2. I don't find much if any difference so far as the bees go, but for myself I prefer old (if not too old) comb for brood, and new for surplus honey. Wm. M. Barnum — I hardly believe the bee has any marked choice. I prefer a comb that has had at least one season's use, on account of the strength which such use will give it. Rev. Emerson T. Abbott— 1 and 2. I do not know, as I have no means of find- ing out just what a bee thinks. They seem to me to take to the new combs best, but it may be a delusion. G. W. Demaree — 1 and 2. I have never been able to see much difference in the preferences of bees for old or new combs. They always accept the combs I give them, new or old, and I have never detected any difference. Globe ©e^^^ii ITIail for One Dollar. Five cross-bnrs are rlvlted In the 'centre at the top. These bend down p and button to studs on a neck-biind. The bars are best lifzht spring Pteet. - The neck-band is hard sprins brass. The netting; is white with face-piece of black to see through, i It is easily put together and folds jcompactly in a case, 1x6x7 Inches, •-the whole weighing but 5 ounces. It can be worn over an ordinary hat; tits any head; duesiiotobstructthe vision, and can be worn In bed without discomfort. It Is a boon to any one whoir flies bother, mosqultos bite, or bees Btlng. er" This Veil we club with the Bee Jouriial for one year— both for J 1. 75; or give fr^ as a Premium for sending' us 3 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at 81.00 each. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS BASSWOOD FOR BEES Wc lKi\'(_- a large stock of Aiiierlcau Lin- den or IfaMNWood. 5 to 6 feet. 15c. ciicb— $12.00 per C. eto8 feet, 20o. each-S15.00 perC. 7 to 10 ft. 'Jac. each— $20.00 per C. Address, [{j^j^^p MmviA Mmv} Co. SA6t I':l.<;i>, ili,. * Mention Vie American DeeJoumdU Largest Factory iu the West. Goodsup°p°e" -COMPLETE STOCK. - es and Low Prices— Our Motto. We are here to serve you, and will, if you give us a chance. Catalogue Free. Address, Mention this Journal. LEAHY MANUFACTURING CO., Higginsville, MO. California It's High Time To prepare for next Season's Honey Crop. Hives. Sections, Foundation, and all needed Supplies for the Apiary should be on hand when wanted. I can supply you promptly. " Bees and Honey." bound in cloth, presen- ted on orders of .^lO and over. C^^ Catalogue free on application. Thos. e. Kewman, ''l^^hV^hlV'i:^''.^"- Mention the A)ncrican lice Jouriuil. If you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers. Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leadiDg- Horticultural and Agrricultural paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated, $2.40 per annutn. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RVRAL PRESS, 220 Market St.. - SAN FRANCISCO. CAL, BEESWAX WANTED ! For Cash, at Highest Price ; Or lu Exchaiis;e for Foundatiou at Lofvest Price, Wholesale aud Retail. Don't fail, before buying or selling, to write for Prices and Samples— to GliS DITTITIER, AUGUSTA. WIS. Reference— Aug'usta Bank. 16Att • .Me-/i.tto»i the. Amerixxm Bee Journal HONEY FOR SALE. I have about 3000 lbs. of Basswood Honey for sale at 7 cents per lb., in 60-Ib. cans, on board cars. I will guarantee it strictly pure. 2A John Was:ner, Baena Vista, III. Wr ARE YOU LOOKING For the BEST in Bee-Hives, Sections, Cases, &c.? If so. drop us a Postal and we shall be pleased to I f< D I rWIV Tft Wotopfiiun Wio send you a copy ot our 1895 Catalosrne aud Prire-List. | W. D. llLIIIa Vv., Illllcl lUHII, IliSa RXtritlfyn the American Bee Journal. (i I TOLD YOU SO." Mrs. AtChlet:— The 19 1-framc Nuclei I bought of you last year with Untested Queens, gave me 785 lbs. of section honey and 175 lbs. of extracted honey, besides some unfinished flections. The best one gave me 1*20 one-pound sections well filled. Heber. Utah, Oct. 9, 1894. J. A. Smith. Now, didn't I tell j-ou it would pay to ship Bees north to build up and catch the honey- flow ? Beesbytlie Pound, on a Comb and Honey to last the trip— $1.00; 10 or more Pounds 90c, per pound. 1M;<'I»KI—$1,00 per Frame; 10 or more Frames, 90c. each. Untested Queens to go with them [same as Mr. Smith got] 75c. each. I'MTESTKD QliKENS— bv mall, either Iieatber-Colored Italians, 5>Band8, or Carniolaii»-$1.00 each; S5.00 lor 6; $9.00 per Dozen— till June 1st., then 75c, each: $4,25 for 6, or Iff*. 00 per Dozen. TE^iTKU QI'KEISS— 3-Bauds, $1.50 each: 5-Bands and Tarniolans, $2.50 each. Fine BreederK, uf either race, or Imported Qneeus, $5.00 each. Mv Straight 5-Band Breeders, $10.00 each. FULLi COliOMES— with Untested Queens. $6.00 each. Send for Prices and Discounts to Dealers, and l>y tlie Quantities. I have the only Vfinni Uou IlivD I'ooliipv in South Tc.\as. Root's Goods, Dadant Foundation, and »3llalll DcC-IIHc TallUIJ Bingham Smokers. Sate arrival guar- anteed on everything. f^~ Send for Free Catalogue, that tells all about Queeu-Kearing. JENKIE ATCHLEY, Beeville, Bcc Co., Tex. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 141 gHOICE L :irf- nearly Jiil new kinds. \Ve cnnmntee them to rench you in uood condition, and we also GUARANTEE THEM TO BE THE BEST DOLLAR'S WORTH OF ROSES YOU HAVE EVER PURCHASED. Ihe IJst:- Cbnmpion of the World, hrit-htest pink, the beet rose ever introduced. Henry M. Stimlfy. ai>ricoi yellow, very fragrant. Pcurl of the inc ahovp I\o?es, Plants and all Set-ii'^. mailed for 10 cts. stamps. Don't placevour order before seeinc our prices. WE CAN SAVE YOU MONEY. V^e have larce two year old ro>te8 for Imm'-dtift'' eff-ct. Liberal premiums to club raisers, or how to pft your seeds and plants free. Wearethe LARGEST ROSE GROWERS IN THE WORLD. Our «ale« of Ko«e Plants alone l«..t -en^oii exceeded a million and it half. When you order Roses. Plants and Seeds, you want the very best. Iry us. GOOD & REESE CO., Box 159 Champion Greenhouses, Springfield, Ohio. ^^~ Be sure to mention the American Bee Journal when you write. „j^ VfORTHtM LOWEST PRICES- The 01(1 Reliable Bingham's SMOKERS & KNIVES ! Best on Earth. All GENUINE are Stamped Dates of Patents. Bingham Is a Specialist and Bee-Kceper. He makes only his own InveutionM and Im- provenieiits, and keeps to the front on them all. and has for 16 j'ears. Others t'oIloAV. This Cut represents a ''Doctor," weigrhing 22 ounces, having a .3V^-in Stove, wide shield, wire handle, and bent movable hood — largest Smoker made. It weighs liair-pound less than any other 3!4-ineb Smoker, and will last 10 years. Burns anything, and never disap- points you. I make .5 Sizes, all on the same plan, and equally good, but of different capa- cities for fuel. The smallest — Little Wonder, ] ?.i-inch stove— is suitable for Beginners, and as an Extra when more than one Smoker is needed. The Conqueror, 3-lnch stove, and the Large, 2i/^-in. stove, are just like the Doctor except in size. The Plain. 2-inch, and Little Won- der. lJ4-ineh stove, have narrower Shields and smaller handles— in other respects like the Dr.. and Conqueror and Large. I am the inventor of these Tools, and for 16 years they have been a credit to the inventor and a blessing to bee-keepers. The Knives last a lifetime, and. like the Smokers, are absolutely penect- never can be Improved. Doctor, .J1.7o: Conqueror, J1.50; Large, Jl.OO: Plain. 70c.; Little Wonder, 50c.; Knife, 80c, Sent per return mail on receipt of price. Descriptive Circulars, 100, dozen, or barrel rates on application. T. F. BIVOHAIH, ABROIKIA, MICH. ^Sention tiie American Bee Joumo,l. -^'- BEESWAX ADVANCED.'^ patent wired comb fodndation Will pay 31V4C. Cash for absolutely pure Bees- wax, that will stand chemical test. Let me have all you produce. Have nermanent mar- ket. WM. A. SELLER, 8A3t 10 Vine St.. Philadelphia, Pa. QNi 'aqqiASNYAa 'aaAaiiiK3'nvA\ 6V6 •3 T Aq paqsuqn,! ■sjaqoBS.!, oisnjii o% uouonpsH -puidisod sinao 0?- aoijj 'auns jaAajaqintq •b'sbscbk -3NIOS aSXITAV V— i iSSiVn 3HJ. aUV3H noA 3AVH TAKE NOTICE! "DEFORE placing your orders for SUP- -i-» PLIES, write for prices on 1 -Piece Bass wood Sections, Bee-Hives, Shipping- Crates Frames, Foundation, Smokers, etc. PAGE & I, YON MFO. CO. NEW LONDON, WIS. Has No Sag in Urood-Fraiues Thin Flat-Kuttom Foundation Has \i} Fisbbooe in the Sarplas Honey. BelDK the cleanest 1b nsually worked the quickest of any Foundation made J. VAN DECJSEN A: SONS, Sole Manufaclurerfl. Sprout Brook Montgomery Co.. N. Y. Promptness Is What Counts ! Honey - Jars, Shipping - Cases, and ev- er.vthing- that bee-keepers use. Root's GoodH at Koot'8 fricest, and the best shippiutr point in the country. Dealer in Honey i^nd Beeswax. Oata- i°62"r„'a"lAve.Walter S. Pouder INDIANAPOLIS, IND. A Binder for holding a year's num- bers of the Bee Jodbnal we mail for only 75 cents; or clubbed wltl" the JouENAL for $1.60. Qerjeral Iter^s^ Comparative Yields of Honey. I must report my experiment as to the comparative yield of comb and extracted honey. On June I, 1894, or before white clover bloomed, I divided my home apiary of 126 colonies in two equal parts— with these results: 03 colonies in S-frame hives, run for comb honey, gave 450 pounds of honey, and 30 swarms increase ; 63 colonies (40 of them in 10-frame hives) gave 3,310 pounds of extracted honey and no increase. They were all in the same yard, and with equal care and skill. Just think— over 7 pounds of extracted to one of comb! I have been producing comb honey for 16 years, but I think no such a difference of yield ever happened before. I shall try the same experiment next season in the same apiary, and hope to find a different result. Mauston, Wis. F. Wilcox. This "Handel" Handles Bees. Seeing some of the boys' letters in the American Bee Journal, I thought I would write. I am just starting in the bee-busi- ness. I have two colonies. We have about 100 colonies all stored away in the bee- cellar. I have some old hives, and would like to transfer the bees into frame hives. When would be the proper time to do it ? I got 100 pounds of honey last year, and 125 the year before. In 1S93 I hived 50 swarms of bees. Most of the time I fold my sec- tions and make cases in the forepart of the summer. I love to work among the bees, and they hardly ever sting me, unless I pinch them. We had a fine winter here until to-day ; it is now snowing very hard, and most of the places it is over a foot deep. Chakles D. Haxdel. Savanna, 111., Jan. 27. [Glad to hear from you, Charles. You'll make quite a writer as well as bee-keeper, if you keep on. The best time to transfer is when the bees are about to swarm, and are busy at gathering honey. But it can be done any warm afternoon. — Editor.] Getting Honey and Pollen. I have been looking over my bees the last few days, and 1 find some colonies with five combs of brood ; all have three combs partly filled. Early willow trees are get- ting leaves, and will have tassels in a few days. Bees are getting honey and pollen from swamp maple. H. C. Ahlers, New Orleans, La., Feb. (5. Essays at Conventions. Bro. Abbott does me altogether too much honor to suppose (see page 90) that I could have controlled the program of the North- ern Illinois Horticultural Society, of which I was not a member at the time the pro- gram was built, simply because I lived where it met. And wliy should it seem to him a strange thing that 1 should be a member of. and take part in the delibera- tions of. a society which "had essays ?" To his certain knowledge I've done that same year after year before. True. I've also at- tended some conventions where there were no essays, and they were always counted of the very best character. No one to my knowledge ever found fault because there were no essays at those conventions, but it is not uncommon to hear fault found where essays are permitted. A good essay in its place is a good thing. The danger is as to its abuse in a conven- tion. At that same convention of which he speaks in Marengo, there was an essay read that made all ■' feel tired." and the officers would have given something if it had never been on the program. Now j'm not a 142 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Pel. 27, prophet, or the son of a prophet, but some- times I can see what a face looks like, and after looking at the face of a certain Presi- dent down at St. Joe. I'd like him to give me a categorical answer to the question whether there was no essny read there that he would rather had omitted. I give Bro. Abbott my gracious permis- sion to listen to essays at conventions, and also to write them. Probably I shall listen to them myself, and possibly write them. All the same, so long as it's the common thing for more or less of them to be of such character as to do more harm than good. I believe it would be the better plan to omit them. Although I couldn't be there, the editor is quite right in thinking the thought of that Wisconsin convention would make my mouth water. I attended a number of such conventions, and they were good, and some of those Wisconsin men helped to make Ibem so. C. C. Millek. Marengo, 111. Good Honey Crop— Wintering 'Well. My honey crop was good this year. The bees are wintering well so far. I did not put mine in until Dec. 2(1. Joseph Weber. Marysburg, Minn., Jan. 39. No Surplus for 2 Years— Destitution. We haven't had any surplus honey from our bees for two years. Hail destroyed our crops in 1893. and the hot winds and no rain in 1894. I think that the honey the bees are trying to winter on will kill them all off be- fore spring, as it is very dark and bitter. My bees are all dead now. There are a great many people here that are in very destitute circumstances. I will ask all fel- low bee-keepers, where they have been blest with crops, to ask each church and Sabbath school to take up a collection, and forward it here for distribution among the people that are in destitute circumstances. Kenesaw. Nebr., Jan. '26. A. J. Rich. Bees Doing 'Well. This morning it was rainy, and the sleighing is pretty nearly used up. The mercury was at 44 degrees at noon. It turned cooler this evening, the mercury going down to 26 degrees. Ionia, Mich., Jan. 21. Jacob Moore. Bright Prospects in California. The prospects in southern California, for both the agriculturist and apiculturist at this time of the year, could not be brighter. From Dec. 1 to Feb. 1 there has been 11}.; inches of rainfall here in Riverside, which is just immense! My bees are gathering quite a little honey from eucalyptus, pepper trees, and other sources at present. Riverside, Calif., Feb. 6. F. S. Pond. Condition of Bees in Tennessee. The winter, so far in East Tennessee, has not been very favorable for bees. The cold wave of Jan. 12 and 13 run the mer- cury down in some localities to 12 degrees below zero. This was for only a short time, but where bees on the summer stands were not well protected, it was a severe test to them, and I am sure many queens were lost. A laying queen cannot stand cold like a queen not laying, and before this snap the weather had been such that many queens were laying. As to stores and strength of colonies, I have never seen bees in better condition at this season of the year, and from the rainfall we have had, the prospects now for the coming season are real good, and bee- keepers here are generally hopeful. The indications now are that the coming season will add many persons to our pur- suit in East Tennes.see. The fact is now es- tablished that bee keeping here will pay, and the heretofore doubting ones are will- ing to engage in it. To this we have no ob- jection ; there is room enough for us all, and the country will be bettered thereby. If we could have an apiary at every suit- able situation in this section, operated in- telligently, and on a scale sufficient to gather our wasting sweets, it would be one of the greatest boons to our people. H. F. Coleman. Sneedville, Tenn., Jan. 28. Coldest 'Winter for Several Years. We are having the coldest winter that we have had for several years, and the coldest spell now that we have had this winter. I fear bees will suffer greatly from the cold. A. T. Mull. Knob Creek, N. C, Feb. 8. A Beginner's Good Report. Last year was my first experience with bees. I had three colonies— two in s-frame hives, and one in a box-hive, which I trans- ferred in July. I got two swarms from the box-hive colony, and one from one of the others. One did not swarm. From the latter I got 106 pounds of honey in one- pound sections, and 100 pounds from the rest. The honey season was from July 21 to Sept. 1. I thought that was doing well, without experience, bee-books or bee- paper; but I think I shaU do better this year, as I now have the American Bee Journal. I think it is a grand paper. I read every word in it. A. P. Green. Cedarhome, Wash., Feb. 4. The Severe Blizzard in Florida. Another blizzard struck us last night. It was even more severe than that of Dec. 28 and 29, and of course more disastrous in its effects, as most vegetation was in tender growth. The orange trees were nearly all full of young growth, containing the fruit- buds, and it is likely that oranges and orange honey from Florida will be at a premium this year. It is a discouragement in all lines of agriculture, and fruit farming particularly, as also to bee-keepers, for the large honey crop here last year had at- tracted the attention of many Northern bee-men, who would have become settlers. I am a printer-bee-keeper (engaged on a local paper), and from both stand-points I consider the American Bee Journal as ex- cellent. 'S'ou must work on a very close margin to give so much good reading mat- ter, in such gocd style, for the small sum of $1.00. C. S. Harris. Holly Hill, Fla., Feb. 8. [Yes. Friend Harris, you are quite right. The weekly American Bee Journal at $1.00 a year is " dirt cheap." There is no bonanza or gold-mine in it— for the publishers. But there's a heap of hard work. StUl, 'tis very invigorating to receive so many kind and encouraging words as have come to me the past few months, and it helps to lighten the burden.— Editor.] A Sudden Change of 'Weather. Saturday our deep snow commenced to go a little. Sunday it was so warm (42 de- grees above) that a few bees came out, but yesterday it was warm. The snow went rapidly, and by noon it was all gone, I might say. And the bees came out in great numbers. At 3:30 p.m. it was 68 de- grees above zero. My bees that are out of the cellar are packed in a long, low shed, the shed being only about six feet high, and the roof was covered with bees, while the air was full of them flying. I was working in my shirt-sleeves, help- ing them clean the hive-entrances with a small wire. The sun was shining so brightly that it was almost like a summer day, when a sharp puff of wind struck me. I looked in the west, when I saw there a Icng, dark cloud approaching. Id an instant the sun was darkened by the cloud, and the air got so cool that I had to run for my overcoat. Bees that were flying dropped suddenly to the ground never to rise more, while those on the roof became so chilled they never moved out of their tracks. In one hour the mercury had dropped to 26 degrees above zero, making a drop of 42 degrees. I got a broom and swept up from the roof of the shed nearly a peck measure full of bees, and lots the wind blew away as soon as I had loosened them with the broom, as the wind was blowing a gale at the time. I am uneasy in regard to the \\ colonies, for fear they did not get a cluster formed in time to withstand the cold. The bees I swept up I took down cellar and dumped them in a weak colony, and in a few minutes there was the biggest uproar in that colony I ever heard. There is now perhaps a pint of dead bees on the bottom- board, but I don't know whether they are those the weak colony killed, or some of the chilled that failed to come to life. It is rather early to commence to manipulate bees, some will say. My colonies must be greatly depopulated, as bees perished in great numbers. In fact, I think none survived to get into their hives, only perhaps a few that were only sticking their heads out of the entrances. I have up to date lost no colonies, either in the cellar or out-of-doors. Chauncey Reynolds. Fremont, Ohio, Jan. 22. Bees in Good Condition. I have two colonies of hybrid bees in the cellar in good condition. Our main honey- flow, last season, was from mustard, of which we have plenty. The weather here is very cold this winter, with but little snow. It has been as cold as 30 degrees be- low zero. Evan J. Davis. Tracy, Minn., Feb. h. Report for 1893 and 1894. I commenced bee-keeping in 1893 with two colonies of bees, increased to 6, and got 165 pounds of comb honey. I cut three bee- trees, and bought 9 colonies of bees in the ^ fall, which made 18 colonies. They all came through the winter in fine condition. In 1894 I got 713 pounds of honey, and in- creased to 30 colonies. I never saw a queen, or a hive with movable frames until 1893. The past season was too dry, and my neigh- bors wonder why I get honey and they don't. I tell them that I take the American Bee Journal, and I follow its directions. I like it just splendid. It is the first paper I open when I get my mail. J. W. Payne. Humrick, 111. From a City Boy Bee-Keeper. I can't help writing since Isaw something again in the American Bee Journal from Chas. W. Sanford. I was going to write before, but 1 kept putting it off. I am a boy bee-keeper, and take a great interest in the business. 1 have four colonies of Italian bees in Langstroth hives, all packed for winter on the summer stands. This is my fourth winter, and I have not lost a col- ony yet. Last season was the poorest sea- son 1 ever had— bad only 10 pounds of honey from my bees, and one swarm, which I had to feed in the tall to keep it from starving. We are having pretty cold weather now — sometimes the mercury is down to zero, but it does not stay down this low very long. There is one thing I have noticed about my hives, and that is. there are a great many bees dying during the cold weather. I think Mr. Thomas Thurlow (see page 67) is right in blaming it on the shallow Lang- stroth frame, for I have a box-hive in which the frames are about 2i.j inches deeper than the Langstroth frame, and 1 And very few dead bees in this hive. I take the American Bee Journal, and it is a great help to me. John R. Schmidt. Cincinnati, Ohio, Feb. 1. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 143 Honey & Beeswax Market Qaotations. CHICAGO, III.. Feb. 7.— The weather has been so cold that it prevented the shipping? of comb, and the trade has been llji:ht to local dealers. Choice white comb sells at 14@15c. There is demand only for that put up in ex- cellent shape. As a rule, dark grades are slow, prices ranging from 9@10c. ; good, light color, 12®13c. Beeswax, 27@28o. R. A. B. & Co. CHICAGO. III., Dec. 37.— Up to the present the sales on honey have met with our expec- tations. We have received considerably more honey than we figured on handling, owing to the short crop report, and we think the early shippers reaped the benefit. However, we are now getting the average price, viz. : Fancy, 15c. ; white. No. 1. 14@13c. Extracted, 6@7c. Beeswax. 28@29c. J. A. L. CINCINNATI, O., Feb. 20.— Demand is quiet for all kinds of honey. Best while comb honey sells at 14@16c. in the jobbing way. Extracted, 4@8c. Beeswax is in good demand at 23@28c. for good to choice yellow. C. F. M. & S. KANSAS CITT, Mo., Jan. 7.— The demand for both comb and extracted is light. Supply good. We quote: No. 1 white comb, 1 -lbs., 14@15c.: No. 2 white. 12@l.''c.; No. 1 a.mber. 13c.; No. 3 amber, 10@llc. Extracted, white, 6@6^c.; amber, o@5^4c.; dark, 4i4c. Beeswax, 23@25c. C. C. C. & Co. PHILADELPHIA, Pa., Feb. 1.5. — Comb honey is very plenty and slow of sale at 12® 13c. Extracted in fair demand at 5@6Hc. Beeswax scarce at 30@31c. W. A. S. BUFFALO. N. T.. Jan. 21.— The honey mar- ket is very quiet. Wequote: Fancy, 13@14c.; choice, 10@12c. ; off tirades moving slowly, trade being only on fancy; buckwheat slow at 8@10c. Extracted very dull, at 5@6c. Beeswax, 28@30c. B. &. Co. NEW YORK, N, Y.. Feb. 20. -We are gradu- ally working down our stock of comb honey, and the indications are that we will succeed in disposing of all of the white honey and pos- sibly allot the dark during the spring, at fol- lowing quotations: Fancy white, 1-lbs., 12c.; fair. 10c. ; buckwheat. 8@9c. The market is well supplied with extracted honey. Demand is fair for choice grades, while common stock is neglected. We quote; White clover and basswnod, 5H@6c. ; buckwheat, 5@5V4c ; Southern, 45@55c. per gallon, according to quality. Beeswax firm and in good demand at30@31c. H. B. &S, SHIP Yoor Batter. EgrSTS, Poultry ,Veal, Beans, Potato es. Hides, Pelts, Wool. Hay, Grain. Oreen and Dried Fruits, or ANYTHrNG YOU MAY HAVE to us. Quick sales at the highest market price and prompt returns made. Write for prices or any Information you may want. SUMMERS, MORRISON & CO., Sil'iJJ^^^.^? 174 South Water St., Chicago, 111. Befsbence:— Metropolitan National Bank, Chicago. 6A13t Please mention the Bee Jounral. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers, Most of whom Quote In this Journal. Cblcago, Ills. J. A. Lamon, 43 South Water St. K, A. Bdhnett & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. Y. F, L Sage & Son, 183 Heade Street, HiLDRETH Bros. & Seqelken. 28 & 30 West Broadway Chas. Israel & Bros.. 110 Hudson St. I. J. Strinqham, 105 Park Place. Kansas Cit)', ITIo. Clemoms-Mason Com. Co., 423 Walnut St. Battalo, N. Y. Batterson & Co.. 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. CHA8. Dadant & Son. Pbiladelpbla, Pa. Wm. a. Selser, 10 Vine St. CiuclnnatI, Oblo. C, F. MuTH & Son, cor. Freeman & Central avB. Doctor^s Y^\r)\z By DR. PEIRO, Ciiioag-o, III. Bacilli Scare. More than ever is the subject of bacilli being written, which adds greatly to public fear. Why is not the fact stated in this connection, that just as many bacteria live to feast on the others, as the big fish live sumptuously on the little fish. Use or tlie Tonsils. The question as to what the tonsils are for has puzzled the doctors quite as much as the public. The latest assertion is that the tonsils secrete a species of bacteria that prey upon another kind that dangerously infest the throat ; and that diphtheria is often prevented by the tonsilar secretion. Adam's Apple. What's Adam's apple ? It is that promi- nent lump that sticks out of some people's throats, just above the neck band of the shirt. It is the frame-work in which the vocal chords — the music-box of humanity, as it were — are located. It is claimed that this projection is an indication of superior adaptation for singing. If so, the voice is most likely to prove more effective in the basso range, because the vocal chords are necessarily longer. The longer the chords, the deeper tones. l^uventlon moticeM. California.— The next annual meeting of the Central California Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion will be held in Selma, Fresno County, Wednesday. Mar, 6, 1895. Lemoore, Calif, .1. F. Flort, Sec. Minnesota.— The regular semi-annual meet- ing of the Southern Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Association will be held on the first Monday in May. 1895, at LaCrescent, Minn. All bee- keepers invited. E. C. Cornwell, Sec. Winona. Minn. Utah.— The Utah Bee-Keepers' Association will hold their semi-annual meetingon Thurs- day, April 4,1895, at 10 a.m., In the Fish Com- missioner's rooms in the new city and county building. Salt Lake City. Provo, Utah. Geo. E. Dudley, Sec. Texas.— The Texas State Bee-Keepers' As- sociation will hold it^ 17th annual convention at the aplarv of W. K. Graham, in Greenville. Tex., on Wednesday and Thursday, April 3 and 4, 1895. All Interested are invited to at- tend. " No HOTEL BILLS." Ft. Worth, Tex. Dr. Wm. R. Howard, Sec. Kansas -There will be a meeting of the Southeastern Kansas Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion on March 16. 1895, at Goodno's Hall, in Bronson, Bourbon Co.. Kans. It is the annual meeting, and all members are requested to be present, and all beekeepers are cordially in- vited. J. C. Balch, Sec. Bronson, Kans. RUDY'S PILE SUPPOSITORY Is guaranteed to cure Piles and Constipation, or money refunded. .")0 cents per box. Send two stamps for circular and l^ree Sample to MAKTIN RUDY, Registered Pharmacist, Lan- caster, Pa. No Postals Answered. For sale b.v all flrst-class druggists everywhere. Peter Van Schaack & Sons, Robt. Stevenson & Co., Morrison. Plummer & Co., and Lord, Owen & Co.. Wholesale Agents, Chicago, Ills. Please mention the Bee Journal. Novlo FVFRRRFFN^ ''""'t and cycnonccwa forest trees Grape Vinee, Small Fruits, Shrubs and Koses. Sample Order No 1: 2U) evergreens, seven varieties, including Colorado Blue Spruce, (Picea Pun- gensi, sent to any address in the United States, express prepaid, for t?; one-half of above};!. 86 page whole- Bale catalogue and "How to grow ever- greens" Free* Received highest award at the World's Fair. Larga diBcounts for early orders. Address, Sicker tT&tional Kuisery Co., Elgin, 111. 4A8t Mention the American Bee JoumaL EVERGREENS thatliva and erotv is what you want. I sell them. Nursery grown trees, ZGo, 8 varieties, transplanted evergreens one fout and up, packed and on cars for $10.00. Greatest bargain ever offered. Smaller lots cheap. VVindbrenk trees a specialty. Illustrated catalogue frpe. Local Acents wanted. Mention paper. D. HILL, ETetgreen Specialist, Dundee, HI. 9D5t Please mention the Bee Journal. THE A. I. KOOT GO'S GOODS IN MlSSOXIfil .'J2-paffe Catalogue Free. 4Atf Joliu Nebel Ac Son, Higli Hill, IWo. BEGINNERS. Bejrinners should have a copy of the Amateur Bee-Keeper, a 70-page book by Prof. J. W. Rouse. Price 25 cents; if sent by mail, 28c. The little book and the Progressive Bee-Keeper (a live, pro- gressive 28-page monthly journal) one year, 65c. Address any flrst-class dealer, or LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo. ORDER SPRING QUEENS. I will send a Guaranteed 5-Banded Yellovf Queen, bred from a Breeder selected from 1000 Queens (some producing over 400 lbs. of honey to the colony); or a 3-Banded Italian Leather-Colored Queen direct from a Breeder imported from Italy. Oct. '94 — at 75c., and a special low price for a quiiutity. My secret is to sell an extra-large amount, which enables me to sell at low prices. Will run this spr ng 350 Nuclei— have 1 home and 4 out apiaries. Bookins Orders Now — will begin shipping March Ist. No Queens su- perior to my Strain. ^~ Send for Descriptive Catalogue and Testimonials, to Wm. a. Selser, Wynoote, Pa. FIRST- CLASS Both kinds." So writes D. S. Burbank, Water- loo, Iowa. " Foundation 0. K. —Let Me O. K. You.— Remember — an Improved Process enables me to make Foundation several cts. a pound cheaper. W.J. Finch, Jr., Springfield, 111 jje_*_«_«_«_»-JLJ(>je_Je-«-)tJCjc_3tje :"fiREAT Success" Jr. •i y POTATO Active, reeponsible aeentB wanted tin unoccupied ter- ritory) to sell our un- rivalled DiKger, and SUCCESS ANTZ-CLOQ WIECEE. Send at once for fall particulars and testimonials. D.Y.Hallock&Son, SORK. PA. 6A4t Please mention the Bee Jonrnal. C. D. Duvall is in Florida Breeding Early Italian (liieeiisi, from his old original strain of ITIarylaud Italian* which has given such general satisfaction as Comb Honey Producers, etc. Dntested Queens, ready March 1st, $1 each, 6 for $5.00. Write for prices on large lots, and " special " Circular, Safe arrival guaranteed. Address until Apr. 15 — C. D. DIIVAI.I,, San IVIateo, Fla. Mention the American Bee Journal. 8A7t In-Door & Out-Door Brooders. 112 FIRST PREMIUMS. Send for 114-page Illustrated Prairie State Incubator Co. Homer Citv, Pa. 1T1^» OqIa — Alfalfa Comb Honey— X ML acLxXS snow-white. 12 cts.; partly from Cleome, light amber, lie. per lb. D. S. JENKINS, I.as Animas, Colo> oAtf Mention tJu American Bee Journal. 144 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Fel. 28, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! It is alwjij's eroiiomy to buy the best, cspe- riiillj' when tiie best cost no more thaii sotnetliiiiK- not half so STOOd. OUR FAL- CON SECTIONS are acknowledged to tie superior to any on the marliet. The same Is also true of our HIVES and BEE- KEEPEKS' SUPPLIES, of which we make all modern styles. OUK PRICES will be found as low as those of any of our competitors, and in many cases low- er, and 3'()u are always sure of prettinsr flrst-cl-isB froods. We aUo publish THE AMERICAN HEE-KEEPER, a monthly magazine (Fifth year) at 50c. a year, in- valuable to beginners. Large illustrated catalogue and price-list free. Address. TIIEW.T.FALCOKERMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. ^r* AV. ITI. «;eri-I)tli. of East Nuttiu£- Iiani, N. H., is our Eastern agent. New Bngland customers may save freight by pur- chasing of him. Maitloii Vie American Bee Journal. Giant Bees ol Iiidia. I am DOW readv for orders for the largest Bees on earth. Something new for bee-men. Bees that tear open red clover and other blos- soms to get the honey. Half-breed colonies sometimes gather 20 lbs. of honey in a day Young Queens Jli.OO to .tS.OO. Orders booked now. Also Choice White AVyandotte Eags, J3.00 per 13. C. D. HOI.T, 8Atf MURRAY. KY. Mention the American lice journal. FRUIT-LAND FOR SALE i°ra^iI.!ocit^e^d^ in one of the fllne.st valleys in Colorado. Adress, OTIS WHITE, 8A'2t Lock Rox 115. SALIDA, COLO. WNEN ANSWERING THI3 ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAL. -A BEE-HIVE- That is convenient to handle and the right size. A Fl'Iil. LINE OP $rPPl.IES. BEES & QUEENS. I. J. STRIBIOHAM, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK, N. Y. Mention the American Dee JounirrL WUTH'S HOITEY EXTRACTOB PERFECTION Cold-Blast Smokers, Square Glass Houey Jars, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Chak. F. Moth & Son. Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O. Send lOc for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers. Mention the American Bee Journal. Strawberry and Raspberry Plants. Best New and Old varieties. Best grown Plants. Catalogue Free. With instructions tor their culture. Send for it IMow. Mention this paper. Address. E. J. >COFIELD, .3A13t P. O. Box 11.3, H.VNOVER. Wis. SWEET CLOVER Is one of tlie Best Honey-Plants. I can supply Seed In any ouantity. Price, 25 cents per pound, or $3.75 per peck. Postage, 10 per iJound extra. Address, THOMAS G. NEWMAN. 147 t^outh Western Avenue, ■ CUICAGO, ILL. Prilit PI'iiitc t^h^fnit^^h^f^ ri lUl 1 laHll3. ||,?dPpitf.?i for descriptive and wholesale catalogue of .all of the leading va- rii'tlesof the Strii wlierrlcN, Itasp berries, Bluekbcrrles, <'iirranlK, Gooseberries, <>rH|>esand Potatoes. EZRA G. SMITH, Manchester, Ont. Co.,N. Y. Mention the American BeeJoumaL THAT "ST. JOE" HIVE ! Write for a Circular and Say How Many Hives You "Will Need. All seem well pleased with the hive and pronounce it the best they have seen. — Brookfleld, Mo. EMERSON T. ABBOTT, ST. JOSEPH, MO. Seventeen Years Ago Dadant's Foundation ^^^^^ Was first offered for sale. The following parties keep it in stock and have kept it for years for sale. Why ? Because they want to handle only the best goods, and they say they get the best goods when they buy Dadant's Foundation. ThomaB G. Newman. Chicago, Ills. C. F. Muth & Son, Cincinnati, Oblo Chas. H. Green, Waukesha, Wis. Chaa. Uertel. Kreeburg, lUs. E. Kretcbmer, Ked Oak. Iowa. Jos. P^sewander. Des Moines, Iowa. G. B. Lewis Co.. Watertown, Wis. James Reynolds Elevator Co., PouKbkeepsie. N t. Page & i.<7on. New liondon. Wis. La. Bee-Keepers' Supply Co., Donaldeonville, La. E. F. Quigley, Uuionville, Mo. Q. K. Iliibbard. Fort Wavne. Ind. L. HansBen, Davenport. Iowa. C. Theilmann, Theilinanton, Minn. E. C. EHKlesfield. Berlin, Wis. Walter S. Pouder. Indianapolis, Ind E.T.Abbott. St. Joseph. Mo. J. M. Jenkins. Wetumpka, Alabama John Key, East Saginaw, Mich. J. W. Bittenbender. Knoxville. Iowa. Vickerv Bros., Evansville, Ind. Mrs. Jennie Atchlev. Beeville. Texas. Is not such a steady trade a proof of real merit in the soods we sell ? We also make a specialty of Veils and "Veil Stuffy of best quality. Beeswax Wanted at All Times. Bee-keepers' Supplies, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails, etc. Samples of Foun- dation and Xulle FREE with circular. Instructions to beginners with circular. Send us your address. CHAS. DADANT & SON, Mention the American Bee Journal. H AMTLTON, Hancock Co. , IXiLi. ALFALFA SEED >j? >?«: 7?s: >;« 7j«r>?« >j? >^ >j< >}^ >?^ "???" t;? >?<>?? ??v >j« >jiew Song— '' Queenie Jeanette"— which is being sung everywhere, we can send you for 40 cents, postpaid, or club it with the American Bee Journal for one year— both for only $1.20. Or, send us one new subscriber for a year (with ?1.00), and we will mail you a copy of the song free. Please Remember that I am nut a dealer in bee-keepers' supplies, so do not send to me for a catalogue, etc.— Editor.; C ^- 154 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 7, rillLlSHED MEEKI.V HV GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, 50 Pltth Avenuo. - CHICAGO, If^I.. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. [Entered at the Post-OtBce at ChicaKO as SecoDd-CIass Mail-Matter.] EDITOR. Assisted by the following Department Editors : Dr. C. C. Millek - - - "Question's and Answers." Mrs. Jennie Atchlet - - - "The Sunny Southland." "Gi-EANEu" .... "Among the Bee-Papers." "Bee-Master" "Canadian Beedom." Dr. F. L. Peiro " Doctor's Hints." Rev. Emerson T. Abbott - - " Notes and Comments." Vol. inV. CHICA&O, ILL, MAR, I, 1895, No, 10. Editorial Budget. Mr. Xlionia^i G. IVetvman, in a letter dated Feb. 23, wrote me: " I am laid up for repairs with la grippe again." I hope that it will not lay him up (or down) so hard as in former years. But " the grip " is not overly tender-hearted. .nr. «'. A. I»i-jal, of North Temescal, Calif., is "getting pictured " a good deal these days. The Bee Journal printed his phiz Jan 31. and Gleanings showed him up in its issue for Feb. 15. If Mr. Pryal is a fair sample of the California bee-keepers, they are nice follis. *-»-«■ Ou tlic fence, is where Editor Root has put me beside Mr. Hutchinson, on a certain subject. All right, seeing its not made of barbed-wire. Mr. Hutchinson and I agree on most subjects, and when we can't agree we just "agree to disagree." That always keeps things pleasant between us. Honey . B«>os aud ISear.— The following will interest the younger readers of the Bee Journal, particularly the boys : A schoolmistress asked her class to put the nouns "boys," " bees," and " bear " into a sentence. The scholars thought in- tently for a few moments, when one ragged youngster, with a look of victory on his face, raised his hand. '• Well. Johnny," said the schoolteacher, " what is your sentence ?" "Boys bees bare when they go in swimmin'." The teacher did not call on any more of her class. ^n)or)(^ \\)c Bee-Papers Conducted by " GLEANER." WORKERS CARRYING EGGS OR LARV.E. Herr Reepen, the great German gleaner, sturdily opposes the idea that workers carry eggs or larvae from one cell to another, and yet he has most faithfully given all the testi- mony favoring such belief. He now sums up as advocates, Laugstroth, Wagner, Root, Abbott, Americans; Editors Ber- trand, Wathelet, French ; but Germans and English seem to be absent from the list. [I have personally seen a worker carry an egg (not larva), but what it did with it I cannot be positive. I was not interested at the time, and so did not take the pains to follow the bee up. — Ed.1 — A "Stray Straw " from Gleanings. HONEY-HOUSES FOR ODT-APIARIES. Harry S. Howe reports in Gleanings that W. L. Coggshall has in each of his out-apiaries a house containing an extractor and all the things needed for use in the apiary. Saves much hauling. His nine houses cost about $30 each, are 12x16 and 8 feet high at the eaves, made of rough lumber but having good floor and foundation, so as to support the weight of honey. HONEY AS A DIET. A writer in Gleanings deplores the fact that honey seems to be so little used, even in the families of bee-keepers, says the price of honey is undeniably high as compared with other sweets, and sadly asks, " Will the price have to come down '? and can we afford to produce it profitably at a lower price? or shall we maintain the price and limit the production to the amount consumed by those who use it only as a luxury?" Whatever may be the best answer to his questions, you may count on one thing for certain, and that is that every indi- vidual bee-keeper, just so long as he stays in the business, will do his level best to produce just as large a crop as he can. LATE-REARED QUEENS. H. L. Jeffreys says in Gleanings that very late queens are least likely to s^varm, are the steadiest layers, live the longest of any queens, and are the strongest of any, because they are not exhausted while young, in early production. He also thiuks that it is possible that a queen may be injured by being too much restricted in laying for want of room. AMOUNT OF STORES NEEDED IN WINTER. Doolittle says in Gleanings that after 17 years' trial he finds 25 pounds of stores for those wintered out-doors, and 20 for those cellared, sbout the right amount to last from October till May, or from flowers to flowers, that is, so that no feeding need be done in the spring. After 10 years' trial, he finds that no feeding will be needed before the first of April, and not often then, if each colony wintered out-doors has 18 pounds, and each colony in the cellar 12 pounds. See Prei Oirers on pages 161, 163 and 163 of this No. Conducted by "BEE-MASTER." Echoes of the Ontario Convention. The editor of the Bee-keepers Review has a long, appre- ciative and critical notice of the Stratford meeting, from which the following paragraphs are taken : — THE ONTARIO BEE-KEEPERS' CONVENTION. I am just home from attending the above convention. The Secretary asked me to contribute an essay, and Mr. John Myers of Stratford, where the meeting was held, most cor- dially invited me to be his guest while attending the conven- tion— in fact, I was treated as I always have been whenever I have been in Canada, as though too much could not be done to make my visit a pleasant one. I left home about 11 o'clock at night, and, as I stood on the threshold aud looked back at the bright, shining coal-fire, and the woman standing beside it with a wistful, beseeching look in her eyes that seemed to say, " Don't go," and then I looked out and saw the street and air full of whirling snow, and visions of blockaded trains arose in my mind, I will con- fess that it required some courage to shut the door from the outside. Once snugged away in the Pullman sleeper I soon forgot everything until when, about five o'clock in the morning, the porter poked me in the ribs and said, "Most to Stratford, sir." If anything, the storm was worse than in the night, aud I almost feared that the convention would be a pretty slim affair, but it seems that our brethren across the line, with their great fur coats, and caps, laugh at such storms. Dr. Duncan, who must be in the neighborhood of eighty, drove in some 12 or 15 miles, if I remember aright. Some- times he had to get out and tramp and break a road through the drifts before he could get through with a team. For genuine enthusiasm in attending conventions, the Canadians beat us. There must have been nearly 100 in attendance. Not only are their conventions well attended, but they are never dull. One thing that contributes largely to the spice of their meetings is that some of the members are very outspoken. Nothing is ever allowed to pass unno- ticed or unchallenged. The least attempt at unfairness, or irregularity, or any mistake, is promptly challenged, and names are spoken and statements made with a freedom that would be truly refreshing were it not that some trifling matter is often made the basis for a long, sharp and personal debate. It should not be forgotten, however, that the Ontario Associa- tion is really a more complex affair than the associations on this side of the line! There is the grant of $oOO per year that must be used to the best advantage ; there is the election of officers and directors, and the appointing of a foul brood inspector ; then there are the affiliated Societies and com- mittees on this and that, and, taken all in all, there is abundant opportunity for a conflict of opinions and views, but the Association is a power for good, and its discussions of practical subjects second to none. There was quite a little talk about out-door wintering versus cellar-wintering. All agreed that it bees could have one good flight in the winter, out-door wintering was advisable. The difficulty is in not knowing whether the coming winter will furnish this warm spell. When there are several warm winters in succession, or winters in which the bees get a flight, then out-door wintering becomes popular, while a like number of severe winters leads bee-keepers to put their trust in cellars. Many who were present said that with them there was not one winter in ten when bees would get a winter flight. Giving bees protection in the spring after they were taken from the cellar found no supporters. It was pronounced both expensive and unnecessary. Mr. Pettitsaid that bees could be wintered with as much assurance of success as in the winter- ing of any other stock, and when pressed to tell just how it should be done he went very briefly, yet concisely, over the necessary requisites for successful wintering. Preparations must be commenced in July. Each colony must have a good queen and an abundance of good stores. The bees should be put into the cellar after there is no hope of further flights, and before the beginning of freezing weather. He placed considerable stress upon the manner in which his hives were stacked up in the cellar. The entrance extends the whole length of the front of the hive. The back of the hive is raised % of an inch from the bottom-board, and hive, bottom- board and all is tilted up until the back of the hive is three 156 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 7, inches higher than the front. The assertion was made that the coid air entered at the lowest opening (the front entrance) and the wa'rm air left the hive at the higliest opening (the back), thns creating a better system of ventilation than is secured when a hive is in a level position. The hive covers are not carried into the cellar, the hives being covered with quilts and cushions to retain the heat. He would have the temperature somewhat lower than the orthodox 45^, thereby securing more perfect ventilation inside the hives. Just what the temperature should be depends upon the behavior of the bees. When the bees are perfectly still they are wintering perfectly. If they are obliged to fan to get rid of foul air, or to keep themselves warm, they are wearing themselves out, and are really old bees when taken from the cellar in the spring. Anything that disturbs the bees sets them to feeding the queen, and breeding results, and that means diarrhea and death. One very enjoyable, and I think useful, feature of this meeting was the holding of a " Honev-Bee Concert" one evening in a large hall. To this the general public was invited. There was music, the singing of songs, speaking, and Bro. Holtermann gave a lecture on bee-keeping, illus- trating his remarks by pictures thrown on a screen by means of a magic lantern. Very catchy, illustrated programmes were distributed among the audience, opportunity being taken to weave into the programmes as much instruction as possible showing the value of honey as a food. The lecture and speeches were also intended to give to the public those ideas in regard to honev and bees that would be most advantageous to bee-keepers tliat the public should know. That genial, thorough-going bee-keeper, J. B. Ilall, was made President, and 1 hope to be at Brantford next year and see him preside. W. Z. Hutchinson. Mr. Hutchinson is quite right in saying that there is greater freedom of speech at Canadian bee-conventions than at those held in the United States. John Bull has a tougher hide than Brother Jonathan, and rather enjoys a lively discus- sion. As Mr. Hutchinson says, this prevents the meetings from becoming dull, and puts a degree of spice into them. It must be admitted that a trifling matter is sometimes made an occasion for long, sharp, and personal debate, but a good chairman will not let that go very far. Mr. Hutchinson is quite right in referring to the proper use of the government grant, as one of the causes for conflict of opinion. The feeling was strongly expressed at Stratford that too much of the public money had been spent on trips to Ottawa to secure legislation which some thought needless and useless. But Canadians have a fashion of yielding to the will of the majority, after a matter has been thoroughly ventilated by free discussion. Mr. C. A. Ouelette, publisher of the Practical Bee-Keeper, who also carries on an apiarian supply business midway between St. Thomas and Detroit, has this to say about THE STRATFORD MEETING : This being the first meeting of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association which it has been my pleasure to atteud, I am not in a position to compare it with its predecessors in this very important association, but from all reports it seems to have been one of the largest and most representative in the history of the Association. Either the location was more favorable, or the interest in the assemblies is on the increase. I trust the latter is the true reason. Tlie " brotherly " element was out in force. This may or may not be all right, but it certainly looks queer from a busi- ness stand-point. It seems to me that business should be con- ducted along business lines. It is not my business to call Brown a brother simply because he is growing a field of wheat across the fence from my own. He is my neighbor ; he may be an acquaintance or even a friend, but he certainly is not my "brother." Of course these remarks of mine must be taken cioH ymjio sails — lam not a brother bee-keeper; lam a business man. I regretted to see signs of discord among the directorate and to find that the best and most prominent men were in the minority. What is the cause of this ? Drive away the best men from a community or organization and what is the result '? True, I iidmit you must give the young and now aspirants a chance to advance, but this should be done cautiously and not so as to be a detriment to said community or organization. In corporations, organizations, societies and associations we find plenty willing to assist who have not the ability, and others who have the ability will not act, but when wo find men of acknowledged ability who are willing to act, then the best interests of such community or association are preserved by causing such men, if possible, to retain their positions. Personal feelings should give way to the good of the asso- ciation. Among the essays read was one on "Education," by Allen Pringle. It is quite likely that this essay will be ignored by the bee-papers — the Review is just to hand and never mentions it. It will be ignored, not because it was not both entertaining and instructive, but on account of Mr. Pringle's ideas on the supernatural. As I understand the matter, Mr. Pringle was asked some two years ago to prepare an essay on " Education," to be read at the Association meet- ing, but that he never consented to do so till this year and then with the understanding that it was to have been read at one of the evening sessions or entertainments. Mr. Pringle's views on religious matters are well known, and although I, myself, with the great majority, do not think as he does, still he has the courage of his convictions, and apart from his religious opinions liis wide range of knowledge, his integrity and his honesty have earned for him a wide respect and repu- tation. Mr. Pringle on rising to read his essay said : " Had I known that I was to read this essay in regular session of this association, I would never have consented ; and if it hurts the feelings of any of you, you must bear with me." While not agreeing with Mr. Pringle's position on the supernatural, I must acknowledge that his essay otherwise was a masterly one and contained subject-matter for a great deal of thought, and as Mr. Pringle said, if the feelings of any were hurt they should, under the circumstan.-^es, have borne it. " C. A. Ouelette. Mr. Ouelette has referred in very proper terms to the one great drawback of the Stratford meeting, which was the exclusion of some of the very best members of the Associa- tion from positions of prominence in the management. The case of Mr. McKnight is especially to be regretted and cen- sured. No man has done so much to make the Ontario Bee- Keepers' Association the power for good that it is, as Mr. McKnight. He has worked untiringly for the interests of bee-keeping in Canada, and has the respect and confidence of bee-keepers on both sides of the lines to an extent not exceeded, if equalled, by any other man within the limits of Canadian beedom. On his retirement from the olfice of Treasurer of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Society a couple of years ago, he was presented, by his fellow-directors, with a handsome gold watch, in appreciation of his pre-eminent serv- ices to the association — a proud distinction not attained by any other bee-keeper on the American continent. Mr. Ouelette well says that to drive away the best men from an organization — men who are able and wiling to work for the genera! good — is most detrimental to the welfare of such organization, and that personal feeling should never be carried to such a length. It is to be hoped that the mistake which has been committed, and the injustice which has been perpetrated, will be cor- rected at the next annual meeting. Meantime, Mr. McKnight may rest assured that the rank and file of Canadian bee- keepers regard him as a good and faithful servant, who has been punished for doing his duty. Re»d and Study out subjects of interest; and be ready to begin the ensuing season's work promptly, with an adequate com- prehension of the extent of the business to he conducted, and a just appreciation of the detail therein involved. — Qitinby. 2 B 5- 2 5 2; s OS® c c (5 c* o .O - o P ■ 2 v) •a ^ B^ p s -J 5 B £. B B" o o a- n <" S, < "^ ^1 c B c ~ .■ IS • 0* d « ■ «.<" g. V en ^. tt eg z o a a ^ ^ S C ^ 2. o B* c 5° 2 <» g- ^ ~ 5 g, 3 « s' & S I? ? K K' B- 2 5 ^••^ go's 2 B •^' cr (D o r^ n p B o r* frj o Ui p "1 9 M 5' 9 X ^ ^ 1 ■-1 P o P o <1 %' si n o E 1 t^ HI rf O *^ B o B cr a. "< -I o o s- oq a _. B B Oj (X) VJ w c 2 D- o a ^ " o * IbI ® c 2 JO ^ - P -- I B 3 Et ° i 5 ~ ^ « P H ^ B B a, c a o . 3 (6 (t B O ■ ^?? B^' CD » ® 2 8» -I 2. S ^ o ® • p. [» i 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 157 THE KEYSTONE IDEHORNER ) Cuts clean on all sides-does not crush. The ) most humane, rapid and durable knife ) made. fuDy warranted. Highest World's \ Fair Award. Descriptive Oircuhirs Free- gA.C.BROSIUS, Cochranvilie, Pa. 1 2 E 1 3 lltniion Ihe American Bee JournaL Hunt's Foundation Led all others ia the Government experiments It exceeded the Given by 6H C.and all the rest by 24!^. See Sept. Review. 1894. The Largest, Most Comprehensive Catalog of ev- erything needed in the Apiary, Free. Cash for Beeswax, or will make it up in any quan- tity. M. H. HUNT, Bell Brancli, inicb. 4Etf Mention the American Bee Journal WOVEN WIRE FENCER "Horso high, bull strong/ ^pi;4"aud chiclien tight.^ Mako it yourself fors, 13to20rR"Jd^^ , 50^t\]i's. A man and boy can make I 40t"'60rodS.^day. catalogtree. KITSELMAN BROS.; Ridgeville, Ind. I 10E5 Please mention the Bee Journal. LARGEST LINE Made in the World. ALL STEEL OR WOOD STEEL LINED. Perpetual & Large Bale, Steam, Horse & Hand Power- Guaranteed the Best- Write for Catalogue. FAKOES MFG. CO., Chicago, III. Mcntio7i the American Bee JDurnau Apl Dovetailed Hives, Sections, Extractors, Smokers, and everything a Bee -Keeper wants. — IIoneMt In the multitude of counsellors there is safety.— Prov. 11-14. Best Tliins to Brii«li off Bees. ftnery 961.— What is the best thing with which to brush bees off a comb ?— Calif . W. 6. Larrabee — The bee-escape. G. M. Doolittle— I always shake the bees off. P. H. Elwood — A Coggshall bee-brush, it is said. Jas. A. Stone— I have always used the wing feather of a turkey. R. L. Taylor — I use a large quill from a turkey's wing, but I don't know what is best. Wm. M. Barnum— The " Yuba (plant) brush." A fine turkey-tail feather will answer. Prof. A. J. Cook — A turkey feather is good. The brushes sold for the purpose are excellent. Mrs. L. Harrison — I prefer asparagus, for if it gets sticky I can get fresh, and it costs nothing. Ohas. Dadant i*t Son — Asparagus tops or very soft vegetable brushes. Ours are always home-made. Mrs. J. N. Heater — I use a yucca brush, or whisk broom, though there may possi- bly be something better. Eugene Secor — I don't know. I never used everything. Asparagus tops are the best thing in reach of me. Dr. J. P. H. Brown — A young peach sprig ; next, a tuft of long grass. Ani- mal substances are objectionable. E. France — I go to the broom-makers, and have made to order, out of very fine corn, a very thin brush-broom about 6 or 7 inches long. B. Taylor — A single stiff feather from a turkey's wing is what I use, and I know of nothing better. Bee-escapes are the best for general use. C. H. Dibbern — I have never found anything better than a small wisp broom made from the green stems of blue- grass, and they cost nothing, either. Rev. M. Mahin — About four or five small heads of broom-corn tied firmly together. The heads of broom-corn should be quite small and of uniform size. J. E. Pond — Anything that will brush them off without injuring them. I have used with success a soft broom brush, and do not think anything better can be found. Dr. C. C. Miller — If no regard is to be taken of convenience or durability, a big bunch of asparagus, or some kind of weeds, tied together. For a brush to be always ready, Coggshall's broom. Mrs. Jennie Atchley — I don't know what is the best thing. I use a brush made of corn-shucks torn to shreds and tied to a flat handle or paddle, and this suits me best of anything I have tried. H. D. Cutting — The best thing I know of is a good, strong shake in the right direction. If you must brush, I cannot say what is best. A wing from a fowl is good; a stalk of broom-corn I found a help. J. A. Green — One of the stiff feathers from a wing of a goose or turkey, with about half the feathered part cut away. A brush made of good hemp or sisal fiber is also excellent, and for quick work superior. Rev. Emerson T. Abbott — I do not know. I have never found anything that I thought was very good. However, since I come to think of it, I do not brush them. I just let them ivalk off through an escape. G. W. Deraaree— I have tried nearly everything, and I now use a light brush- broom made of the finest broom-corn, and like it best. We have a species of "tongue grass" in this locality, which, if cut and dried at the right stage, makes the best bee-brush that I have used. EVERGREENS! Headquarters in the United States for all varieties and sizes of Hardy Nursery grown evertrreens and oma« Diental trees. Prices the lowest. Six $5.00 and $10 00 bargains. Over ten million evergreens and a large stock of other trees. Illustrated I want a good Local Agent. D. HILL, Evergreen Spscialist, Dundee, III. 8E5t Please mention the Bee Journal. Sends Free his Catalogue of 72 illustrated pases; describes Everytliing Used In the Apiary: Best Goods at I.owest Prices. Delivered to your Kailroad at either Chicago, St. Louis ; Atchison, Kans.; St. Paul, Minn.; DesMoines, Iowa ; Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and other places. Capacity, 1 carload a day. 1^^ Write at once for his Catalogue. _sl Please Mention the Bee Journal. Clitaloeue free. 8E8 The American >TRAW HIVI Latest and Best. ^h Perfectly adapted to Modern Bee Culture. Illustrated Oirculir Free. HAYCK BROS , QUINCY, ILL. Please mention the Bee Journal. DO NOT OKDEK UNTII. liOV HAVE AVKITTKN US FOR PRICES ON The "Boss" One-Piece Section Also D. T. IIive§, Slii|>|»ins-Crate§ and Other !$up|>lie§. We have completed a large addition to our Factory, which doubles our floor room; we are therefore in better shape than ever to fill orders on short notice. Send for Price-I.ls» J. FORNCROOK, Watertown. Jeff. Co., Wis.. Jan. 1st, 1894. Interesting Monthly for The Family and Fireside Welcome In every Home. Large Premiums forClnbs. Sample Copy sent Free. Thomas G. Newman, 147 Southwestern Ave-, CHICAGO, - - ir.i.s. BEGINNERS. Beginners should have a copy of the Amateur Bee-Keeper, a 70-page book by Prof. J. W. House. Price 25 cents; Ir sent by mail. 28c. The little book and the Progressive Bee-Keeper (a live, pro- gressive 28-page monthly journal) one year, 65c. Address any flrst-class dealer, or LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo, 158 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 7, Uxm{ Faclorv in the West. -COMPLETE STOCK. - Good Supplies and Low Prices-Our Motto. We are here to ser%-e you, iind will, if .vou pive us a chance. Catalot'tie Vm. Address. Mention this Journal. LEAHY MANUFACTURING CO., HIGGINSVILLE, MO. California ^■^ If you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers. Climate or Kesources. send for a Sample Copy ot California's Favorite Paper — The Pacific Rural Press The leading- Horticultural and Agrieultural paper of the PaclBc Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated, $2.40 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL PRESS, 220 Market St., - SAN FRANCISCO. CAL. BEESWAX WANTED ! For Cash at Highest Price ; Or In Exelian^e for Fonndalioii at liOivest Price. Workinj? Wax into Founda- tion for Cash or on Shares, a »]>eeialcy* Don't fail, before buying or selling, to write for Prices and Samples— to GlIS DITTMER, AUGUSTA, WIS. Reference— Augusta Bank. IBAtf Mentioni. the Amerl/xm Bee Jwimal HONEY FOR SALE. I have about 3000 lbs. ol Basswood Ilouey for sale at 7 cents per lb., in 60-lb. cans, on board cars. I will guarantee it strictly pure. 2A John Wa. LtilllO VV., lldlCl lUnil, IIIS. Mefiiilcm the American Bee Journal. a I TOLD YOU SO. »» Mrs. Atchi.ey:— The 10 1-framo Nuclei I bought of you last year with Untested Queens, gave mc 78.5 lbs. of section honey and 17.t lbs. of extracted honey, besides some unfinished sections. The beet one gave me 120 one-pound sections well filled. Heber, Utah, Oct. 9, 1894. J. A. Smith. Now. didn't I tell you it would pay to ship Bees north to build up and catch the honey- flow? Bccxbytlic Pound, on a Comb and Honey to last the trip— $1.00; 10 or more Pounds 90c. per pound. MK'Hil- $1.00 per Frame; 10 or more Frames, 90c. each. Untested Queens to go with them [same as Mr. Smith got| 7.jc. each. riSTESTKn QliKKNS.-bv mall, either Ijeallier-Colored Italians, 5-Bauds, or Carnlolann-Jl.OO each; $5.00 lorfi; $9.00 per Dozen— till June 1st., tbeu 75c, each; 14.25 for 6, or $8.00 per Dozen. TESTED Ql'KKIMS—3-Baudiii, $1.50 each; 5-Band8 and Carnlolans, $2.50 each. Fine Breeder!., of either race, or Imported tlueens, $5.00 each. My Stralglit 5-Band BrccdcrN, $1 0.00 each. FULl. <:ot,01NIES— with Untested Queens. $6.00 each. Send lor PrIceK and DlncountN to Dealers, and by the ttnautltleo. r I have the only Vi/imi l!iiu llirii l/.i/iiiki>v in South Texas. Root'o Goods, Dadant Foundation, and i>l' illll IHc-IIIVl riltllllj Bingiiani Smokers. Safe arrival guar- anteed on everything. {^"' Scud fi)r Fhkk Catalogue, that telle all about Queen-Hearing. JENKIK ATCiII.,EY, Bccvillc, Bee Co., Tex. Doctor^s J^irjts By DR. PEIRO, Chicago, III. The " Grippe." Did you ever have it ? I am glad you haven't, but if you should be visited by this subtle caller, you will never forget the impressions he leaves in his wake. Perhaps an introduction to the Grippe's methods may prepare you for bis advancements, and enable you to extend a less friendly greeting than is your usual custom to vis- itors of whose objects you are less informed. He approaches you very gently, does the "Grippe" — simply extends a chilly hand at first until he has gained admittance into your system, then he proceeds to make you feel very uncomfortable— " creepy " all over. The chills chase each other all up and down your back, playing hide and seek around your ribs. Then the knees begin to jar and tremble, the hands shake, and your stomach feels "gone" — tor all the world as if you were about to have a real, old-fash- ioned " chill" late in the tall! Well, but this is only the beginning. In 24 hours — may be less — your pulse comes up, indicat- ing a little fever — just enough to keep the whole system stirred up. Pretty soon you'll have a headache, a tightness in your chest, perhaps some cough, maybe your bowels incline to looseness, and maybe not — this cold-blooded infliction doesn't serve everybody just the same. Well, within 48 hours you simply feel bad all over! Hardly sick enough to go to bed, and not well enough to stay up. All you know is that you feel shiftless and cross, and want to go somewhere and hide your- self. Well, now it no complications occur (lung fever is most likely), why, you can shake off the Grippe comparatively easy. Abso- lute quiet in a warm bed, not a thing to eat for 24 hours, and only hot buttermilk to drink— all you want ot it. After that time toast, with the yolk ot a soft-boiled egg three times a day is permissible. You see, Mr. Grippe is like any other selfish visitor, if you don't teed him pretty well he gets mad and leaves you. And, ot course, that's just what you want ! In a few days you will be quite able to resume your regular work and diet. But neglect these precautions, and results may be decidedly serious ! Cold AVInters. It a mistake to suppose that the coldest weather is the most healthy, that during extreme winters the least sickness results. Statistics and personal observation entirely refute this old notion. Indeed, we may trace the most violent and fatal epidemics occurring during the intensest cold seasons. It is in the very cold winters that diph- theria and scarlet fever assume their most virulent forms, and thousands die from pneumonia and other lung diseases. Mod- erate seasons are usually the healthiest, and the diseases that do occur are mild in form, and seldom ot a fatal nature. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 159 Honey & Beeswax Market Quotations. CHICAGO, III.. Feb. 7.— The weather has been so cold that It prevented the shipping of comb, and the trade has been light to local dealers. Choice white comb sells at 14@15c. There is demand only for that put up in ex- cellent shape. As a rule, dark grades are slow, prices ranging from 9®10c.; good, light color, 12@13c. Beeswax, 27@28c. E. A. B. & Co. CHICAGO. III., Dec. 27.— Up to the present the sales on honey have met with our expec- tations. We have received considerably more honey than we figured on handling, owing to theshort crop report, and we think the early shippers reaped the benefit. However, we are now getting the average price, viz. : Fancy, 150.; while. No. 1. 14@13c. Extracted, 6@7c. Beeswax, 28@29c. J. A. L. CINCINNATI, O., Feb. 20.— Demand isquiet for all kinds of honey. Best white comb honey .sells at 14@16c. in the jobbing way. Extracted. 4@8c. Beeswax is in good demand at 23@28c. for good to choice yellow. C. F. M. & S. KANSAS ClTy, Mo., Jan. 7.— The demand for both comb and extracted is light. Supply good. We quote: No. 1 white comb, 1-lbs., 14@15c.: No. 2 white. 12@l.Se.; No. 1 amber, 13c.; No. 2 amber, lOSllc. Extracted, white, 6@6Hc.; amber, 5@5!4c.; dark, 4V4C. Beeswax, 22@23c. C. C. C. & Co. PHILADELPHIA. PA., Feb. 15. — Comb honey Is very plenty and slow of sale at 12® 13c. Extracted In fair demand at 5@6Ho. Beeswax scarce at 30@31c. W. A. S. BUFFALO. N. Y.. Jan. 21.— The honey mar- ket is very quiet. We quote: Fancy. 13@14c.; choice, 10@12c.; off tirades moving slowly, trade being only on fancy; buckwheat slow at 8@10c. Extracted very dull, at o@6c. Beeswax, 28@30c. B. &. Co. NEW YORK. N, Y.. Feb. 20.— We are gradu- ally working down our stock of comb honey, and the indications are that we will succeed in disposing o( all of the white honey and pos- sibly all of the dark during 'the spring, at fol- lowing quotations: Fancy white. 1-lbs., 12c.; fair. 10c. ; buckwheat, 8@9c. The market is well supplied with extracted honey. Demand is fair for choice grades, while common stock is neglected. We quote: White clover and basswood, 5H@6c.: buckwheat. 5<§»5Vic ; Southern. 45@55c. per gallon, according to quality. Beeswax firm and in good demand at30@31c. H. B. &S. SHIP ^^^^^ l>riefl Fruits, or Your Butter. Effgrs, Poultry .Veal, Beans. Potatoes, Hides, Pelts, Wool, Hay, Grain. Green and Dried Fruits, or ANYTHING YOU MAY HAVE to us. Quick sales at the highest market price and prompt returns made. Write for prices or any Information you may want. SUMMERS, MORRISON & CO. , SS^^^^?:: 174 South AVater St., Chicagro, 111. Befkrknce— Metropolitan National Bank, Chicago, 6A13t Please mention the Bee Jounral. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers, Most of whom Quote in this Journal. Cblcago, IIln, J. A. LAMON, 43 South Water St. R. A. BURNETT & Co., 163 South Water Street. New York, N. Y. F. I. Saoe & SON, 183 Reade Street. HiLDRETH Bros. & Segelken. 28 & 30 West Broadway Chas. Israel & Bros.. 110 Hudson St. I. J. Stkingham, 105 Park Place. Kansas City, IHo. Clemoms-Mason Com. Co., 423 Walnut St. BuSalo, N. Y. Batterson & Co.. 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. CHA8. Dadant & Son. Ptalladelpbla, Pa. Wm. a. Selser. 10 Vine St. Cincinnati, Oblo. C. F. MUTH & SON. cor. Freeman & Central avs. Best Year for Honey. Bees are wintering tiptop in this locality, in the cellar so far. Last year was the best for honey in many a year. I have lived in this county 39 years, have kept bees 35 years, and in all those years I never knew bees to bring in honey in such quantities, and for so long a period — mostly gathered in the month of September. The honey was of a superior quality. We use shallow frames, and 8 of them in a hive. We are expecting a large honey-flow the coming year, as the country has been burned over, and in the burnt districts wild flowers will be in abundance. L. Allen. Loyal, Wis., Feb. 15. Late-Reared Queen. I have experienced exactly the same as W. J. H., on page 33. I bought a colony of bees at a sale five years ago, and they never swarmed. The were in the Falconer chaff hive, and died. One year later I cleaned up the hive to introduce a new colony, and could not. Trying to put them in at the entrance I got all in but a few, and finding the queen running to and fro, trying to get in and could not. On examining the hive- entrance, I found it to be but 3-16 of an inch, which excluded the queen, of course. If W. J. H. will examine his hive, he may find it in the same condition as I did. If you should find your colony queenless, get a good Italian queen and introduce early in the spring. A. M. Senff. Kochs, Ohio. Fears the Very Cold Weather. I got last season 1.000 pounds of comb honey, and sold nearly all at 15 to 30 cents per pound. I put in 34 colonies in good condition for winter. They haven't had a flight since the middle of December. This has been a very cold winter. The mercury dropped to 34 degrees below zero almost every morning for over a month. It is 10 degrees below this morning. I am getting a little uneasy about the bees' too long con- finement. Such cold weather is dangerous. If such weather contines much longer, there won't be very many bees next season. G. W. Bell. Bell'sJLanding, Pa., Feb. 12. The Past Season in Colorado. I have for some time intended to report my success with bees the past year, but have been hitherto prevented by sickness and press of business. Last spring I built the shell of a house, and in the fall I had it plastered and fin- ished off — doing my own carpenter work. And so I have had but little time for writ- ing. I am located on Lincoln Park, just across the river (the Arkansas) from Canon City. This park is mostly set to orchards and small fruits. Tens of thousands of fruit trees are in bearing within the reach of my bees. Then there are large fields of alfalfa, beginning within about a quarter of a mile of my yard, and extending for many miles down the river, on both sides. Besides this, the Rocky Mountain bee-plant grows profusely on all vacant spots and waste places about me. I started in with 34 celonies in the spring, and increased to 36. besides losing an un- known number. I took 1,300 pounds of choice comb honey, besides having about a dozen hives filled with new comb to super- sede a lot of old combs in the spring. Of course, these are all filled with choice white honey. My hives were all well filled for them to go into winter quarters. Two of my best colonies gave 1(<4 pounds each, during the season, and I think others would have done as well if I had discouraged swarming as I might. But I want increase as badly as honey at present. This year, if spared, I want to get an ex- tractor and see what can be done building up a trade in extracted honey in our mar- ket. The honey market has ruled very low here the present season — much of the crop going into the hands of dealers at 9 to 10 cents, by the ton. I think if I am fortunate enough to have a crop to market the com- ing year, I shall know more about how to get money out of it than heretofore. We are having a very mild winter, and as far as anybody, except Sam Wilson, can see at present, we have a fair outlook for a good honey crop the coming year. L. J. Temphn. Canon City, Colo., Jan. 35. Report for 1894. I commenced in 1893 with one colony of bees, and have now 33, which produced me 1,800 one-pound sections of nice, white honey in 1894. Dan Clubb. Monson, Calif., Feb. 13. Honey a Total Failure. Honey was a total failure in this section last season. I didn't get a pound of good honey from 15 colonies of bees. I had to feed them for winter. H. Rath. Hagerstown, Ind., Feb. 17. A l^ost Severe Winter. We are having the most severe winter we have had in 10 years — zero weather is the rule nowadays — 30 degrees below is the lowest we have had It here. My 43 colonies, on the summer stands, are well packed in chaff and sawdust, with a snowbank over all. The 10 colonies in the cellar are quiet, and appear to be all right. Clayton, Mich., Feb. 13. C. A. Huff. Not Robbing — Only Flying. At one time last spring, on a warm day, I was sure my bees were being robbed, and it is needless to say of course that I did every thing I could think of, and finally decided to let things go. But just about that time the American Bee Journal ar- rived, and on looking through it I found a note on robbing, stating that beginners were apt to think that their bees were being robbed when only the young bees were taking their flight, and described the appearance of things. I at once ran out to my yard, and behold, I had an extensive crop of young bees trying their wings, in- stead of a quarrelsome mess of robbers ! This I could see at a glance after being informed, as a young bee always turns around and faces the entrance when taking her flight. N. T. Smith. Weston, Ohio, Jan. 38. Some Queer Notions, Etc. A neighbor recently asked me if there was a secret organization among the bee- men similar to the unions, combines or or- ders of other pursuits. He has no bees, but has been reading some old numbers of the American Bee Journal and Gleanings, and noticed that the correspondents addressed the editors as Bro. York. Bro. Root, and Bro. Miller and Bro. Doolittle, and one in referring to Mrs. Atchley had the impu- dence {in his opinion) to speak of her as "Jennie." Does a man have to be blind- folded and climb a greased pole in order to become a bee-man ? Another neighbor, the most practical and the most successful bee-man in this county, said he had noticed all his life that those interested in apiculture were naturally good and religiously inclined ; that it took one of a gentle and forgiving disposition to become interested in the business, and I have noticed in a great many of the articles in the bee-papers this idea will crop out, that all bee -men are strictly honest. In a recent copy of the Bee Journal Dr. Gallup says all bee-men in California are honor- able men. Is this true ? My observation has led me to believe there are just as many 160 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 7, swindlers and IrU-ky men among them as in any vocation, and that they will, and do, misrepresent abojit the fine qualities of a certain strain of bees, just as some farmers will about their horses. Don't you know there are hundreds of "tested" queens sent out every year that were never tested! I am a novice in the business, but I am very much interested in it. and I believe we have a superior country here for bees. 1 have never heard of foul brood, bee- paralysis or moths in this section yet, but I have frequently heard of enormous yields of honey. The honey -flow is just as certain as the alfalfa blooms— to say nothing of the honey that is gathered from the orchards, sage and wild flowers. Alfalfa is our main dependence, though, for honey, and it lasts from about June 20 to late in September. When a swarm absconds, they generally locate in some deserted coyote or badger den in the ground, or in some rocky bluff. There are no trees on the surrounding hills here but juniper, and few of them are hollow. ... The American Bee Journal is the best periodical 1 have seen devoted to bees, but I firmly believe I could live without it, and at the same time have a super filled occa- sionally with alfalfa honey. One item in a recent number, telling how to have sections filled after the honey-flow ceases, is worth more to me than the year's subscription I paid. Jno. Napton. Westfall, Oreg. Queenless Swarm— Hiving Bees. My father takes the American Bee Jour- nal."but I was not interested in it until I found the editor would let the boys write. So I will try and give a part of my experi- ence with a queenless swarm. The queen- less colony that I spoke of in my last, be- came queenless while being hived. They came out several times, but did not cluster either time. One day they came out but kept flying. When we found they were going back, we moved the old hive away and put a new one in its place. When the bees came back they went in, having no other place to go to. So not having a queen to lay eggs, they soon died from my carelessness in not having looked after them. In hiving we use a bos made of slats, on a pole .5 to I.t feet long. When the bees are alighting in a tree, we put the hiver under them and shake them off into it, and then set it near where those that are flying can find it. but if on the ground we set the hive among them, and they run into it. It has been so warm here that all of our bees have been flying in the middle of the day, until the last few days when it began to storm. Our bees are hardly ever shut up more than a few days at a time. I would like to hear from more bee-boys. I am 12 years old, and go to school every day there is school. Rot Adams. Longmout, Colo., Feb. 9. More Youthful Experience. I will write you another letter and let you know I am not froze up, if it is cold up here. We are having a cold snap — it was from 30 to 40 degrees below zero a few mornings, but I think our bees are all right. I am a little sick this week, and so I could not go to school, but I am able to read and be around. In answer to Roy Adams, I will say that father and I have our bees together. 1 have had bees of my own several times, but they were sure to get mixed with the rest when they were taken in and out of the cellar, and I was generally at school and couldn't keep track of them unless I had them marked. I have all the honey I want any- way, so I don't try to keep them separate, as it bothers pa in extracting and at swarm- ing-time Next season, if I am not at some school, I think I will try taking care of the bees and garden instead of cultivating corn. Father almost always extracts all his honey, but I'm going to try to get the premium next fall on comb honey at the County Fair, if I take care of the bees. The boys that live down South had better look out. as they are talking about getting "basswood sprouts" to plant. We boys up here know what they are, if we get into mischief. They grow around stumps up here, and are slim and tough, and my ! how they hurt when applied in the right man- ner! We bind corn-stalks with them. I would like to have some of the boys and girls tell about ' how they hived their first swarm of bees." or how they captured a ■bee-tree," or some of their experience with bees. Chas. W. Sanford. Ono. Wis., Feb. 12. Bees in 'Weak Condition. Bees are in weaker condition than I have seen them in many years. They quit breed- ing unusually early, on account of the dry season of 1S94. leaving but few old bees to survive the winter. Prom reports % of the bees of this county are dead or starved. M. H. Mendleson. Ventura, Calif., Feb. H. An Experience with Bees. I started in the spring of 1892. buying one colony of black bees in a box-hive. I got no increase and no honey the first season. The spring of 1893 I sent for one full colony of Italians, and got them June 3. in good condition. Having their hive full by July 3. I divided the colony, giving each 4 frames, and the queenless part an untested queen. Then I had two good colonies of pure Italians in dovetail hives. The one colony of blacks, in a box-hive, swarmed the second year on June 18. I divided it July 14, giving an Italian queen to the queenless half, and have now 3 Italian and 2 black colonies, and 1.5 pounds of surplus honey the spring of 1894. The first Italian colony filled 76 pound sections, and did not swarm. The black colonies were Italian- ized, and all are in S-frame dovetail hives. I had last fall 125 pounds of comb honey, and 10 colonies of pure Italian bees heavy with honey. To-day (Feb. 15) two colonies are dead, with the hive nearly filled yet with honey. The bees froze to death. Paul Whitehead. Hobble, Pa., Feb. 15. -SOUTHERN- Home of the Hoiiey-Bee Where you can buy Queen*, as jrood as the best— Warranted Purely Mated, and guaran- teed free from Paralysis. From either an Im- ported or a Straght 5-B. or Golden Mother— 75 cents e»ch; 12 forST.oO. Tested. $1.00 each; 12for$9.00. After June Ist. 50 cents each; 12 for$4.00; Tested, 75 cents each, 12. $7.50. Goud Breeders, .JJ. 00 each; Straight 5-B. or "Faultless" Queens. $2.50 each. Bees, 75c. per lb. Circular Free. Address, HUFSTEDLER BROS. 10A26 CLARKSVILLE, TEX. EVERGREENS forest trees Grape Vinee, Small J'ruits, Shrubs and Hoses. Sample Order No 1 : *2U) eve^Rre^■us. seven varieties, including Coloriido Blue Spruce, (Picea Pun- genst, sent to any address in the United States, express r.repaid, for t2: one-half of above^l. 36 pane whole- sale catalogue and "How to Krow ever- Kreens" Free. Received hichest award at the World's Fair. Large discounts for early orders. Address, EiclEi Natiosil Kuiierr Co., Elgin, 111. 4 A8 1 UtntUyn Vie AnurUMn Bee JimmaL Giant Bees of India. I am now ready for orders for the largest Bees on earth. Something new for bee-men. Bees that tear open red clover and other blos- soms to get the honey. Half-breed colonies sometimes gather '20 lbs. of honey in a day Young Queens $3.00 to $8.00. Oiilcrs booked now. Also Cliolce Wliite Wyaiidotle Eegu, $2.00 per 13. C. 1». HOI.T, 8A4t MUKltAY. KY. C^oiiTentfoii Notices. Minnesota.— The regular semi-annual meet^ Ingot the Southern Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Association will be held on the first Monday in May. 1895. at LaCrescent, Minn. All bee- keepers invited. E. C. Cornwell, Sec. Winona. Minn. Ctah.— The Utah Bee-Keepers' Association will hold their semiannual meeting on Thurs- day. April 4, 1895, at 10 a.m.. In theFlshCom- raissiouer's rooms in the new city and county building. Salt Lake City. Provo. Utah. Geo. E. Dudley, Sec. Washington.— The next meeting of the Western Washington Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion will be held on Monday, April 8, 1895. Subjects of interest to bee-keepers will be dis- cussed. Bee-keepers are Invited to attend. Tacoma, Wash. L. D. Littoov, Sec. Texas.— The Texas State Bee-Keepers' As- sociation win hold its 17th annual convention at the apiarv of W. R. Graham, in Greenville. Tex., on Wednesday and Thursday, April 3 and 4, 1895. All interested are invited to at- tend. " No HOTEL BILLS." Ft. Worth, Tex. Dr. Wm. K. HOWARD, Sec. Kansas— There will be a meeting of the Southeastern Kansas Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion on March 16. 1895, at Goodno's Hall, in Bronson, Bourbon Co.. Kans. It isthe annual meeting, and all members are requested to be present, and all bee-keepers are cordially In- vited. J. 0. Balch, Sec. Bronson, Kans. RUDY'S PILE SUPPOSITORY Is guaranteed to cure Piles and Constipation, or money refunded. 50 cents per box. Send two stamps for circular and free Sample to MAKTIN RUDY. Registered Pharmacist, Lan- caster, Pa. No Postals Answered. For sale bv all flrst-class druggists everywhere. Peter Van Sehaack & Sons. Robt. Stevenson & Co., Morrison, Piummer & Co., and Lord, Owen & Co.. Wholesale Agents, Chicago, Ills. Please mention the Bee Journal. Novl5 BASSWOOD TREES For Uee-Forage. Strong, well-rooted Trees— li4 to 3 feet. $3.00 per hundred: 4 to 6 feet, $5.00 per hundred. This is the time to trans- plant. W. R. L,I«HTOV, 601 New Fork Lite Building. 10A2 OMAHA, NEBR. MeiUioii theAmcrlcmi BeeJounwl. ■Soft Side-Walls My New Process for making foun dation insures in all grades ^^■^— ^~^^"^^^"^^^^"~ Many users praised it last year, and no one complained. It is far better and not near so expensive. SAMPLES AND PRICES FREE. W.J. FiHch,Jr.,Spriiigfield, 111 Mention the American Bee JoivniaZ. SAVE MONEY '^^l^S'^!^^ ITALIAN QUEENS Foundation at Wholesale Prices. Hives, suited for the South, or SHPP1.1ES, send for Price-List— to O-A.. lOAlSt Mention the A)nerican Bee JoumdU I P. H. Golden Glueens Ti m^ — -^^ My Bees are bred From Texas. ^or Business, as well as lor Beauty and Gentleuemt. {iw~ Safe arrival and reasonable satisfac- tion guaranteed. Write for Price-List. Untested, St.OO— Tested, 91.50. J. D. GIVENS, "f.^?^"rEx. 10 A28 Mention the American Dee JimmcU. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 161 SEEDS! Awarded World's Columbian Grand Prize Medal. ALWAYS FRESH AND RELIABLE. l^end 5 cents to cover post- " " and by retuTH mail re- - e package of my New Hybrid Everblooming Pan- sy Seed, all colors; "lie fin- est varieties knonn; and my Beautiful Seed and Plant BookofGardenKov- elties atlowef^t prices ever known. Address at once. H. W. BUCKBEE, RoLkff.rdSeed F.-irms. P 0 Box 537. RocUford.III Hetitlon Uic A.mertca7i Bee Joumai. ^'BEESWAX ADVANCED."^ Will pay Sli-ic. Cash for absolutely pure Bees- wax, that will staad chemical test. Let me hare all you produce. Have permanent mar- ket. WM. A. SE1,SEK, 8A3t 10 Vine St.. Philadelphia, P.\. Promptness Is What Counts ! Honey - Jars, Shipping- Cases, and ev- I erything that bee-keepers use. Koot's OoodM at Koot's Frlceni, and the I best shipping point in the country. Dealer in Honey and Beeswax. Cata- rreTJall Ave Walters. Ponder INDIANAPOLIS, IND. IINI 'aiTIASNVAa 6V6 ^q paqsnqna sjaqonBi Disnre ot nOHonpsH piBdisod sinSD Of' aoWcI '.Sans j3A3J3qii iiq v 995113111 -»NOS ZX1TAV T— TAKE NOTICE! BEFORE placing your orders for SUP- PLIES, write for prices on 1-Piece Bass wood Sections, Bee-Hlyes, Shipping - Crates Frames. Foundation, Smokers, etc. PAGE & I.YOP9 MFO. CO. NEW LONDON, WIS. THE A. I. KOOT COS GOODS IN MISSOURI a-i-page Catalogue Free. lAtf Joliu Nebel A: Son, Hlgb Hill, ITIo. PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION Has No Sag in Qrood-Frames Tiiin Flat-Bottom Fonndation Has So Fishbone id tbe Sarplas Honey. Being the cleaneet 1b usnally worked tbe quickest of any Foundation made J. VAN DEUSEN & SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Sprout Brook Montsomerj Co., N. T. 0. D. Diivall is in Florida Breeding Early Italian Qiieeus, from his old original strain of ITlaryland Itallauet which has given such general satisfaction as Comb Houey Producers, etc. Dntested Queens, ready March 1st, .$1 each. 6 for $5.00. Write for prices on large lots, and " special " Circular, Safe arrival guaranteed. Address until Apr. 15 — C. D. DUVALI., San Mateo, Fla. mention the Amtrrican Bee Ja"maL 8 A 7 1 In-Door & Out- Door Brooders. 112 FIRST PREMIUMS. Send for 114-page Illustrated Catalogue. Prairie State Incubator Co. 23A21t Homer City, Pa. 1J1>^^ Cola —Alfalfa Comb Honey— X Ul OdlC snow-white, 12 cts.; partly from Cleome, light amber, lie. per lb. D. S. JENKINS, I.a8 Animas, Colo. 5Atf Mention tM American Bee JcumM. BEE-BOOKS SEXT POSTPAID BY Geor£:e W. York & Co., Chicago, lUs. Bees and Honej-, or Management of an Apiary for Pleasure and Protlt. by Thomas G. Newman. — This edition has been largely re-written, thoroughly revised, and is " fully up with the times " in all the improvements and Inventions in this rapidly-devel- oping pursuit, and presents the apiarist with everything that can aid In the successful manage- ment of an ai)lary, and at the same time produce tbe most honey In an attractive condition. It con- tains 2oU pages, and 245 Illustrations— is beautifully printed In the higliest style of the art, and bound. In cloth, gold-lettered. Price. ?1.00. Langstroth on the Koney-Bee, revised by Dadant— Tills classic tn bee-culture, has been entirely re-written, and Is fully Illustrated. It treats of everything relating to bees and bee keep- ing. No apiarian library is complete without this Standard work by Kev. L. L. I>angstroth — the Father of American Bee-Culture, tt has 520 pages; bound In cloth. Price. 51.40. Bee-Keepers* Oulde, or Manual of the Apiary, by Prof A. J. Cook, of the Michigan Agri- cultural College.— This book Is nut only Instructive and helpful as a guide In bee-keeping, but Is interesting and thoroughly practical and scientific. It contains a full delineation of the anatomy and physiology of bees. 4tI0 pages ; bound in cloth and fully illustrated. Price, Scientific Qtieen-Rearlns, as Practically Applied, by G. M, DooUttle.— A method by which the very best of Queen-Bees are reared In perfect accord with Natures way. ITf> pages, bound Id cloth, and illustrated. Price. Jl.OO. A B C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. Koot.— A cyclopedia of 400 pages, describing everything pertaining to the care of the honey-bees. It con- tains you engravings. It was written especially for beginners Bound In cloth. Price, $1.25. A Year Among: the Bees, by Dr. C. C. MlUer- A talk about some of the Implements, plans and practices of a bee-keeper of 2.5 years' experience, who has for 8 years made the production of honey his exclusive business. It gives full particulars about caring for bees throughout the whole year. lU pages, bound in cloth, and Illustrated. 50 cts. Advanced Bee-Cniture, Its Methods and Management, by \V. Z. Hutchinson.— Tlie author of tills work is too well known to need further description of his book. He Is a practical and entertaining writer. Vou should read his book. 90 pages, bound in paper, and illustrated. Price, 50 cts. Rational Bee-K-eeplnsr, by Dr. John Dzlerzon — This Is a translation of his latest German book on bee-culture, it has 350 pages; bound in cloth: $1.25; in paper covers, $1.00 Blenen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newnan. — This Is a German translation of theprlnclpr^ por- tion of the book called Bees of Honey. 10^ page pamphlet. Price. 4U cents. The Apiary RetriKter, by Thomas G. Ne ■'■- ."^n —A record and account book for the apiary, t ■■•:- Ing two pages to each colony. Leather blc :-. Price, for 50 oolonles, $1.00. For 100 colonies. $ Convention Hand-Booh, for Bee-Keepers. Thomas G. Newman.— It contains the parliamen- tary law and rules of order for Bee-Conventions— also Constitution and By-Laws, with subjects for discussion, etc. Cloth, gold-lettered. Price, 25 cts. Winter Problem In Bee-Keeping, by G. R. Pierce. — The author has had 2.> years' experience in bee-keeping, and for five years dcoted all his time and energies to the pursuit. Paper covers. 50 cts. Bee-Beeplns for Profit, by Dr. G. L. Tinker. —It fully details his new system of producing honey with his hive. It has ^ages. Price, 25 cents. Houey a8 Food and ITIedicine, by T. G. Newman.— A 3i2-page pamphlet : Just the thing to create a demand for honey at home. Should be scattered freely. Contains recipes for Honey-Cakes, Cookies, Puddings, Foam, Wines, and uses of honey for medicine. Prices, prepaid— Single copy, sets.; 10 copies, 35 cts.: r>uforSl.50: mo for $2.5U; 250 for $5.50; 500 forifhUMt; or 1000 for $15.00. When 250 or more are ordered, we will print the bee-keeper's card (free of cost) on the front cover page. Comnierclal Calculator, by C. Ropp — A ready Calculator, Business Arithmetic and Ac- count-Book combined in one. Every farmer and businessman should have it. No. 1, bound in water proof leatherette, calf finish. Price. 50 cts. No. 2 in fine artificial leather, with pocket, silicate slate, and account-book. Price, $1.00. Tlie World's Fair W^omen, by Mrs. J. D. Hill.— Daintiest and prettiest book issued in con- nection with the World's Fair. Contains superb full-page portraits and sketches of 31 ot the Worlds Fair women and wives of prominent officials. Bound in leatherette. Price, 75 cts. Oreeu's six Books on Fruit-CuUiire, by Chas. A. Green.— Devoted 1st. to Apple and Pear Culture; 2nd, Plum and Cherry Culture; 3rd, Rasp- berry and Blackberry Culture: 4th, Grape Culture; 5th, Strawberry Culture. 129 pp.; illustrated. 25 cts. harden and Orchard, by Chas. A. Green. -Gives full instructions in Thinning and Marketing Fruits; Pruning, Planting and Cultivating: Spray- ing, Kvaporation. Cold Storage, Etc. 94 pages, illus- trated. Price, 25 cts. Anierikani^dclie Bienenznclit, by Hans Buschbauer.— Printed in German. A hand-book on bee-keeping, pivingthe raethodsin use by the best American and German apiarists. Illustrated; 138 pages. Price. $1.00. Xliirtr Vears Among tbe Bees, by Henry Alley.— Gives the results of over a quarter- century's experience in rearing queen-bees. Very latest work of the kind. Nearly 100 pages. Price, 50c. Capons and Caponizing, by Dr. Sawyer. Fanny Field, and others.— Illustrated. All about caponizing fowls, and thus how to make the most money in poultry-raising. 64 pages. Price, 30 cts. How to Propagate and Grow Fruit, by Chas. A. Green.— Brief instructions in budding, grafting and layering: also propagation of fruit trees, vines and plants. 72 pages. Prtce 25 cts How^ We Made llie Old Farm Pay, by Chas. A. Green,- Gives his personal experience on a fruit farm which he made yield a generous for- tune. 64 pages , illustrated. Price, 25 cts. Our Poultry Doctor, or Health in the Poultry Yard and How to Cure Sick Fowls, by Fanny Field,— Everything about Poultry Diseases and their Cure. 64 pages. Price. 30 cts. FmerNon Binders, made especially for the Bee .JoUKNAL, are convenient for preserving each number as fast as received. Not mailable to Canada. Price. 75 cts. Poultry for Market and Poultry for Profit, by Fanny Field.— Tells everything about the Poultry Business. 64 pages. Price, 25 cts. Turkeys for Market and Turkeys for Profit, by Fanny Field.— All about Turkey-Raising. 64 pages. Price, 25 cts. Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R. Cheshire.- Its Cause and Prevention. Price, 10 cts. Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.— Origin. Development and Cure. Price, 25 cts. Book The following clubbing prices include the American Bee Journal one year with each book named. Remember, that only one book can be taken in each case with the Bee Jour- nal a year at the prices named. If more books are wanted, see postpaid prices given with the description of the books on this page. Following is the clubbing-list : 1. Langstroth on the Honey-Bee $2.15 2. A B C of Bee-Culture [Cloth bound] . 2.00 3. A B C of Bee-Culture [Paper bound]. 1.70 4. Bee-Keeper's Guide 1.75 5. Bees and Honey [Cloth bound] 1.65 6. Bees and Honey [Paper bound] 1.25 7. Scientific Queen-Kearing 1.65 8. A Year Among the Bees 1.35 9. Advanced Bee-Culture 1.30 10. Amerikanische Bienenzucht [Germ.] 1.75 11. Bienen-Kultur [German] 1.25 12. Rational Bee-Keeping [Cloth bound] 2.00 13. Rational Bee-Keeping [Paper tound] 1.75 14. Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping... . 1.30 15. Thirty Years Among the Bees 1.30 16. Bee-Keeping for Profit 1.15 17. Convention Hand-Book 1,15 18. Poultry for Market and Profit 1.10 19. Turkeys tor Market and Profit 1.10 20. Capons and Caponizing 1.10 21. Our Poultry Doctor 1.10 22. World's Fair Women Souvenir 1.50 23. How We Made the Old Farm Pay 1.15 24. Green's yi.¥ Books on Fruit-Culture.. 1.15 25. Garden and Orchard 1.15 26. How to Propagate and Grow Fruit. . . 1,15 27. Rural Life 1.10 2S. Emerson Binder forthe Bee Journal. 1.60 29. Commercial Calculator. No. 1 1.25 30. CammerclalCalculator, No. 2 1.50 Book Preraiura Offers. In the following Premium Offers the full $1.00 for the Bee Journal one year must be sent us for each new subscriber secured, and each new subscriber will also receive a free copj' of Newman's " Bees and Honey," bound in paper, except where the sender of the club is a new subscriber himself— he would be en- titled only to the premium book, and not "Bees and Honey," also. For 4 new subscribers. No. 1 in the list of books; for 3 new subscribers, your choice ot Nos 2, 4, 5. 7. 10, 12, 28; lor 2 new subscrib- ers, your choice of Nos. 3, 6, 8. 9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 22, 30; for 1 new subscriber, your choice of Nob. 16, 17, 18, 19,20,21,23,24,25,26, 27,29. 162 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 7, Below we give a list of twenty -five good and useful books, suited to every uiember of the family. Many are by famous authors, known wherever the English language is spoken. Among them are the following: DICKENS, DRUMMOND, JEROME, HARRADEN, BRADDON, KIPLING, STEVENSON, And others almost as well known. Each number is a complete book, and each is bound in a separate cover with beautiful design like that shown in the illustra- tion above. No. 91. The FnlRl Jlnrringrc. By Miss M. E. Bruildon. This is u thrilling stiiry, in wliieh a man marries a lovely girl for her wealth, and as it should always be, he came to griei as a reward for his deception. No. 99. The Icllp Thoughts of an Idle Fellow. By Jerome K. Jerome. Mr. Jerome is known as the "English Marie Twain." He isawriterof the finest sort of fun, wliicb is sure to ho. highly enjoyed by all who will read this book. It is considered his best. No. 90. On Her Wertdingr Morn. By Bertha M. Clay, author of "Her Only Sin," "A Golden Heart," and other stories. This is a companion novel to "Her Only Sin," and will be read witii the same intensity of feeling, with mingled joy and sadness as the characters in the book have cause for tears or laughter. H is a love story that must appeal to every reader. No. sy. Her Only Sin. By Bertha M.Clay. No. .'is. Merry Men. By R. L. Stevenson. A tlirilling account of the perilous adven- tures of a party .seeking for a sunken Span- ish treasure-shiji . No. 61. Dr. JeUyll and Mr. Hyde. By R. L. Stevenson. No. 101. Tlie t'liinies. By Charles Dickens. No. 94. AChrislniasCarol. By Dickens. The Hannted Man. By Dickens. Two CihosI Klories. By Dickens. Ttoe Battle of I,ile. By Dickens. No. 96. No. 97. No. 9.5. No. 98. Dickens. No. 100. Dickens. Three Chri^tmaM Stories. By Criclict on llie Ilcavth. By No. 59. The €onr ting of Dinah Shadd. By Rudyard Kipling, who is thought by many to be the greatest living story-writer. No. 60. A Bird of Passage. By Beatrice Harraden, author of "Ships tliat Pass in the Night." The book which has had such a phe- nomenal sale during the past year. This is a charming story, told in beautiful language. No. 6i. The Greatest Thing in the World. By Henry Drummond. This book is on love as taught by Christ and the dis- ciples; and if any one doubts that love is the greatest thing in the world, and if they want to be made stronger in their love for all things, they must get this book, by all means. No. 63. Changed I^lfe. By Drummond. No. 62. Peace be With Yon. By Drum- mond.. These two books are fully equal to "The Greatest Thing in the World," by the same author, each treating of a different phase of Cliristian life. You will feel purerand bettei after having read tliem. No. .56. Conrtship of Widow BedotI antl Mr. Crane. By Francis M. Whitcher. No. 57. How Widow Bedott Popped the Question. By Francis M. Whitcher. No. 70. Ciood Manners. By Mrs. M. W. Baines. A manual of etiquette. No. 88. Iiove on a I^og. By Hosea Ballon. No. 92. Old Mother Habbard. Illus- trated. No. 66. Ontdoor Sports. Illustrated. No. 78. Indoor Games. Illustrated. FREE Your choice of five of the above books will be sent free as a premium for 1 uew subscriber to the Bee Journal for one year; 15 ot them for 2 new subscribers, an> of .the "American Bee Journal " will bo mailed free to all who ask for them. The next three or four months will be .iust the time for getting new subscribers, and if any of our friends can use sample copies among their bee- keeping neighl)ors. in order to get them as new subscriliers. we will be glad to mail the samples, if the names and addresses are sent to us. Better educated bee-keepers will mean better things for all. Capons and Capoiiiziiis:, by Edward Warren Sawyer, M. D., Fanny Field, and others. It shows in clear language and illustrations all about caponizing fowls ; and thus how to make the most money in poultry-raising. Every poultry-keeper should have it. Price, postpaid, 30 cents ; or clubbed with Bee Jouknal one year for .f 1.10. Globe Bee Veil By mail for One Dollar. Five cross-bars are rlvlted in the 'centre at the lop. These bend down a* f and button to studs on a neclt-band. * The tiars are best light spring steel. » The neck-band Is hard spring brass. The netting Is white with face-piece of black to see through. It Is easUv put together and folds compactly In a case, 1x6x7 Inches. —the whole weighing but 5 ounces. It can be worn over an ordinary hat; fits any head; does not obstruct the vision, and can be worn In beo without discomfort. It Is a boon to any one whoir flies bother, mosqultos bite, or bees sting. ^P~ This Veil we club with the Bee Jouriial tor one year— Ijoth for $1.75; or give free as a Premium for sending us 3 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at $1.00 each. Feeders and Smokers ! ! We have a few of the Hill Bee-Feeders on hand, which we mail, prepaid. 2 for 40c. Or 12 by express for $1.50 —6 for 80c. We will send 2 postpaid with the Bee Journal for a year, for $1.25, or give two Feeders as a Premium lor sending: us One New Sub- scriber to the Bee Journal, with $1.00. SMOKERS. The Smokers are of the latest style Quinby, 2!4 In. fire - barrel. The regular price is $1.50, postpaid, but to close out what we have on liand, we will mall one for $1.20 or two for $2.00; or we will send you Smoker and Bee Journal for 1 year —both for only $2.00. This is a bargain. Or send us .3 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal (with $3), and we will mail you a Smoker free The Home Remedy Case This choice selection consists of 15 Reme- dies, especially chosen with a view to the most probable requirements of the family; put up in a nice Leatherette Case with a Book- let of Directions so clear that no one can go wrong. The supply of Medicines is quite enough for incmths, perhaps years, and will save you many times what it cost, besides much trou- ble and anxiety during sickness in the family. These are no i atent medicines 1 When any of the Remedies are used up, we will promptly mail a duplicate bottle of the same Remedy on receipt of 25 cents for each bottle. If you valu" life and health, this Case is worth its weight in gold to any family ! Price, prepaid. $3.00. V Liberal OtTcr.- We offer the "Home liemcdy Case" and the American Bpe Jour- ":il for one year— troth l'oronly$3.00— making ih-' Hee Journal free. ."^eud postal card for free Circular. Address. G. W. YORK & CO.. 56 5th Ave,, Chicago, 111. Kiinli'i-s for this size of the American Bee Journal we can furnish for 75 cents each, postpaid: or we will club it with the Bee Journal for a year — both for $1,150. We have a few of the old size (6x0) Binders left, that we will mail for only 40 cents each, to close them out. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 163 TheABCofBee-Wtnre By A. I. ROOX. It is a Cyclopedia of even'thing* pertainintr to the care of the boaey-bee i It contains 400 pages about GV^xlO inches la size, and nearly 200 Illustrations. Now is your chance to geL it -aud not cost you a cent ! The regular price of this book, bound in cloth, is $1.35. Below we tell how you can get it free: We will mall you a copy of "A B C of Bee- Culture. '* bound in parchment cover— a very heavy paper— FREE for sending us only Two Ne%v Subscribers to the American Bee Journal for one year; or we will Club it with this Journal fur a year— both together for only SI. 70. We will mail you the cloth-bound booli FREE for sending us only Four Newr Sub- scribers to this Journal for a year; or we will club it with this Journal for a year — both together for only $2.10. Besides the above, we will give to each of the New Subscribers a Free copy of New- man's 160-page book—" Bees and Honey." This is a rare chance to get one of the most valuable text-books on bee-keeping published anywhere. More than .50,000 copies of 'A B O of Bee-Culture " have been sold during the past 15 years S'nce it was first issued. No other bee-book lias reached anytbing- like so great a circulation as this. G. W. YORK & CO., 56 5tli Ave., Chicago, 111. a«2 ^ i fill: ?i^^^: |ftaS°l3'§a.^£°3 3 a • ^p , (M o aj jjre chilled Turkeys. Diseases of Turkeys. Leg weakness. Killing and dressing. Mark .your Turkeys Marketing. Capital and number to begin with. All about Turkey-Raising. Price, 25 cents. Feed a hi.' a ill Your Beeswax Exclian2:e(l UNTIIi FURXHRK NOTICE, we will allow 30 cents per pound for Good Yel- low Beeswax, delivered at our olfice — in ex- change for Subscription to the Bee Journal. for Books, or anything that ive oft'er for sale in the Bee Journal. In thus exchanging, we cannot afford to allow any Club Rate prices. Always ship the Wax by Express, and pre- pay the charges; also put j-our name and address on the package to avoid mistakes. GEORGE W. YOBK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. Langstrotlix"„EHoney-Bee -REVISED BY THE DADANTS- This m.igniflceot classic in bee-literature has been entirely re-written, and is fully illustra- ted. It treats of everything- relating to bees Hnd bee-keeping. No apiarian library is com- plete without this standard work by Rev. L. L. Langstroth— the Father of American Bee- Culture. It has r)20 pages, and is substan- tially bound in cloth. Price, postpaid. $1.40; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year— both lor $2.15; or the book free as a premium for sending us 4 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at $1 each G. W. YORK & CO., 66 5th Ave., Chicago, 111, 164 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 7, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! It l8 always economy to liuy the best, t'spe- clally when tlu' Viest cost no more than somethintr not half so good. OUK FAL- CON SECTION;* are acknowledged to be superior to any on the market. The same Is also true of our HIVES and BEE- KEEPEKS' SUPPLIES, of which we make all modern styles. OUK PRICES will be found as low as those of any of our competitors, and in many cases low- er, and you are always sure of getting flrst-class goods. We also publish THE AMERICAN UEEKEEPEK, a monthly magazine (Flft h year) at 50c. a year, in- valuable to beginners. Large illustrated catalogue and price-list free. Address. THE W.T. FALCONER MFG. CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. \^' W. m. Kerrlsli. of East Nottius- bam, N. H., is our Eastern agent. New England customers may save freight by pur- chasing of htm. Mention the American Bee Journal. Fruit Plants. Where to buy them, at ■whole- sale prices. 8end posliil for dosoript Ive ^tnd wholesale catalogue of all of the leading- va- rieties of the Strawberries, Kaspberrfes, Blaekberries, Currants, Gooseberries, Grapes and Potatoes. E2;RA G. smith, Manchester, Ont. Co.,N. Y. Mention Vie ^-lincr lean BeeJoximal. -A BEE-HIVE- That is convenient to handle and the right size. A FILL LINE OF SUPPIilES. BEES & QUEENS. I. J. !^TKI^CiIIAI*I, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK, N. T. Mention the American Bee JounwL MOTH'S HOITEY XiXTBACTOB PERFECTION Cold-Blast Smokers* Square Glass Houej' Jars, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. MuTif & Son, Cor. Freemau & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O. Send 10c for Practical Hints to Boe-Keepers. Mention the Arinerican Bee Journal. Strawberry and Raspberry Plants. Best Nemr and Old varieties. Best grotvu Plaiitfi. Catalogue Free. With instructions for their culture. Send for it Now. Mention this paper. Address. E. J. SCOFIELD, :iA13t P. O. Bo.xlia, Hanoveh. Wis. BASSWOOD FOR BEES We have a large stoclt of American Lin- den or BaKKWood. 5 to 0 feet, l.ic. each— $12.00 per C. 6 to 8 feet. 20c. each-$15.00 per C. 7 to 10 ft. ".be. each— $20,00 per C. Address, J^j^j^^^ MMUI MUV\ Co. 8A6t ELGIN, ILL. Maition the Ameri.ain Bee. ,'mvmai- ORDER SPRING QUEENS. I will send a Guaranteed .5-Banded Yellow Queen, bred from a Breeder selected from 1000 Queens (some producing over 400 lljs. of honey to tiiu colony): or a a-Banded Ilalian Leather-Colored Queen direct from a Breeder Imported Irom Italy. Oct. '94— at 75c., and a special low price for a quantity. My secret is to sell an extra-large amount, which enables me to sell at low prices. Will run this spr ng :i.')0 Nuclei— have 1 home and 4 out apiaries. Booklne OrderN Nowf— will begin shipping March 1st, No Queens su- perior to my Strain. tSP~ Send for Descriptive Catalogue and Testimonials, to Wm, a. Selser, Wyncote. Pa, Mention the American Bee Journal. THAT "ST. JOE" HIVE ! Write for a Circular and Say How Many Hives You "Will Need. t^" Like it very well.— Cloverport, Ky. Addre.j? >{« Tj? >l^ >pr >j« T?? >pc >?< >^ Tjf Tjir 7^ 7}? Ttf >j«; >p: >j0 Fee size S16.00. SIMPLEX MANr'G. CO.. Qulaci.lll. lD7t Mention the America^L isnt, uout k.^'.. E.L.Kincaid'sAd Notice to Bee-Keepers' & Dealers. I have one of the Largest and Best Equipped Factories In the West devoted entirely to the Sa^?i"Jrs^cure°d' Bce-Kccpers' Supplies. the right to manufacture the Improved HIgsiusville Hive Cover, I will place it on all Hives sent out this year, unless other- wlseordered. Send your name on a postal card at once, for Latg-e Illustrated Catalogue and Price-List free, giving pries and full desc ip- tion of the Improved Hive Cover, D. T. Hives, Sections, frames. Supers. Crates. Boxes, Ex- tractors. Foundation. Smokers, Veil.'s. Queen- Cages, Etc. E. L. KiNCAiD, Walker, Mo. 7D8t Mention the American Bee Joumai. ONE MAN WITH THE UNION ^O'^IJ.'^^TION 'an do the work of four men using hand tools, in Kipping. Cutting-off, Mi- tring, Kabbeting, Groov- ing. Gaining. Dadoing, •i=y-~-^^ /.')!>'] jJV- Edging-up. Jointing Stuff, ^t ll^'c^ t^tc. Full Lineof Foot and '"^ Hand Power Machinery. .Sold on Trial. Calalosue Free. SENECA FALLS MPG. CO., 46 Water St., SENECA FALLS. N. T 231)1-2 Mention (he .4m(;ri--Pvi>'lHCV~*'''''T^'l'"'8- Cheap but good. mi rif>\jd[KJs 8 cts. each; 12-7ocI; postpaid. Queen - Catcher^ H"'f ^'*"'^- .7?^ 1 ry 1 ; try more. 25 cents each; 12, S2.,t0. postpaid. Instruc- tions with each. M. O. Office. Los Angeles. ISDtr C. W. Dayton, Florence, Calir. Questiot;)'Box* In the multitude of counsellors there is safety. — Prov. 11-14. How Old lUay Brood.Combs be Before Changing Tlirin '{ Query 962.— How old do you allow your brood-combs to get before changing to new '/— Minn. Mrs. L. Harrison — I never change them. Chas. Dadant & Son — Twenty years or more. Rev. M. Mahin— O say from So to 40 years or so, R, L. Taylor — I never have rejected a comb on account of its age. E. Prance — I never change them on account of the age of combs. Wm. M. Barnum — About 10 years; sometimes more, sometimes less. Dr. J. P. H. Brown— As long as they remain perfectly sound and clean. H. D. Cutting— I have had combs in use 15 years, and did not change. Dr. C. C. Miller— I don't know. I haven't any more than 25 or 30 years old. B. Taylor— I have used combs 15 years old, and they seemed to be all right. Prof. A. J. Cook — I am not old enough to answer. I have had good comb 20 years old. Rev. Emerson T. Abbott— I never kept any long enough to know. Ask some one who has. Jas. A. Stone — I have never paid any regard to age so long as they were in good condition. Eugene Secor— I have never found oc- casion to change, so long as the old combs were perfect. C. H. Dibbern — I never change them at all, unless in handling them I find comb that is objectionable. G. M. Doolittle— I have kept bees for 25 years, and have never yet discarded a comb on account of its age. J. A, Green — I have never thought it necessary to change any, though I have some that must be 20 years old. W. G, Larrabee— We have no combs that have been in use more than 10 years, and have seen no need of chang- ing yet. P. H. Elwood — We have some in use ever since we commenced to keep bees, or over 20 years. The most of them are changed within 10 years. Mrs. J. N. Heater — I have combs which have been used for the past 18 or 20 years just ag good as ever. I have never recombed my hives. J. E. Pond — I have used brood-combs 12 or lo years, and then found them all right. I should not change, so long as they were in good shape, and easily transferrable. G. W. Demaree— I have some combs perhaps 20 years old, and have never changed a comb on account of its aye alone. I make it a practice to work out the indifferent combs gradually, supply- ing their places with new ones. Mrs. .Jennie Atchley — I never keep an account of such things, but I use combs lO years or more old sometimes. I would not change as long as they were good, and the cells not too small. Some- how bees seem to pull through the winter on old combs. *-^=^ INCUBATORS: We Warrant * The Reliable* T.jHatcb 811 per centSKL» Ricpliting -^ Iiiirablp, Correct io Principle. Lesder JL. * Cli,* « Towla ■A-l'TBe. POULTRY FuR PROFIT ttortd'a F»ir. 6cts. in stamps for ■. r 112 paee Poiiltrj GuiJt »nd Cat*. * plain, Bed-Rock Informalion. if EVERGREENS • Reliable Incubator and Brooder Co.,Quincy, III. * •k■k■k■k■k■k*^,■t,^,^k■t,1f•k^^■k■k■k■k■k■k•h■k■k■k•k 1,3DI3 Mention the American Bee Joumai. -SOUTHERN- Home of tlie Hojiey-Bee Where you can buy Queen*, as good as the best— Warranted Purely Mated, and guaran- teed free from Paralysis. From either an Im- ported or a Straght ,5-B. or Golden Mother — 75 cents cich; 12 tc.r$T.50. Tested, $1,00 each; 12forS9,00, After June 1st. .iO cents each; 12 for$+.on; Tested. 7.5 cents each. 12, $7.50. Go d Breeders, $2.00 each; Straight 5-B. or " Faultless" Queens. $2.50 each. Bees, 75c. per lb. Circular Free. Address. HUFSTEDLER BROS. 10A26 CLARKSVILLE, TEX. FRUIT AND FOREST TREES Grape Vines. Small I'ruits, Shrubs and Hoses. Sample Order No 1 : 2U) evercreeus. seven varieties, including Colorado Blue Spruce, (Picea Pun- eensi, sent to any address in the United States, express prepaid, for f?; one-half of above Jl. 36 page whole- sale catalogue and "How to grow ever- greens" Free* Received highest award at the World's Fair. Large discounts for early orders. Address, Side: Hstiosal Kuiiery Co., Elgis, ZU. 4A8t Mentionthe American Bee Journal. Giant Bees of India. I am now readv for orders for the largest Bees on earth. Something new for bee-men. Bees that tear open red clover and other blos- soms to get the honey. Half-breed colonies so netimes gather 20 lbs. of honey in a day Young Queens $:i.00 to $S.00. Orders booked now. Also Cliolee Wlilte Wyandotte !<&£(«, $2.00 per 13. CD. HOLT, 8A4t MUKUAY. KY. Mention Vic American lice JownuU. BEGINNERS. Beginners should have a copy of the Amateur Bee-Keeper, a 70-page book by Prof. J. W. House. Price 2o cents; if sent by mail. 28c. The little book and the Progressive Hee-Keeper (a live, pro- gressive 28-page monthly journal) one year, 65c. Address any flrst-ciass dealer, or LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo. ^ SAVE i MONEY 1 i?.iJi'^^^;?V^^ ITALIAN QUEENS Foundation at Wholesale Prii-es. Hiveis, suited for the South, or S11PP1.1ES, send for Price-List— to J. P. H. BROW.I ^^GusTA, lOAiat Mention the American Bee Jrvmal. Golden Glueens From Texas. Vo%^„^r„e'r as well as tor Beauty ;iiid Gentleiie^s. it^g^ Safe arrival iiud reasonable satisfac- tion guarauteed. Write lor Price-List. J. D. GIVENS, ^^^.^9^'TEx. IOA'^6 Alention the American Bee JoHmal. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 177 Largest Factory iu the West. -COMPLETE STOCK.- Good Supplies and Low Prices-Our Motto. We are here to serve j-ou, and will. If you give us a chance, falalogne Frep. Address, Mention this Journal. LEAHY MANUFACTURING CO., HigGINSVILle. Mo. California If you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers. Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated, $2.40 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL, PRESS, 220 Market St., - SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. BEESWAX WANTED ! For Cash at Highest Price ; Or In Exclian^e Tor Foundation at IdOvrest Price. Working Wax into founda- tion for Cash or on Shares, a i>pe«-iaU5-. Don't fall, before buying or selling, to write for Prices and Samples— to GUS DITTHIEK, AUGUSTA, WIS. Reference— Augusta Bank. IfciAtf ■WejUtoii ttie A.merlJMn Bee JoumaX HONEY FOR SALE. I have about :!000 lbs. of Basswood Honey for sale at 7 cents per lb., in 60-lb. cans, on board cars. I will guarantee it strictly pure. 2A John Wagner, Buena Vista, III. A Fair OfFer I will pay the Freight on Cash Orders of $20 or over at Catalogue rates, if within 300 miles of Chicago. Sweet Clover See«l 25 cents per pound. Mailed for 35 cents. Catalogue free. Thos. «. Newman, ''l^^^J^t"^^:'- Me?itioJi the American Bee Journal. ARE YOU LOOKING For the BEST in Bee-Hives, Sections, Cases, &c.? If BO, drop us a Postal and we shall bo nleased to I fl D I PUJIV Tft Waf Prf (lU'll WiV sendyouaoopyof ourl89oCatalosneaiidPrici!-List. | U. 1). LHIIV5 l;U., liaiCl lUHIl, IMS. Mention the American Bee. Journal. H I TOLD YOU SO." Mrs. Atchley :— The 19 1-frame Nuclei I bought of you last year with Untested Queens, gave me 785 lbs. of section honey and 175 lbs. of extracted honey, besides some unfinished sections. The best one gave me 120 one-pound sections well filled. Heber. Utih, Oct. 9, 1894. J. A. Smith. Now. didn't I tell you it would pay to ship Bees north to build up and catch the honey- flow ? Bees by Ilie Pound, on a Comb and Honey to last the trip— $1.00 : 10 or more Pounds 90c. per Dound. MJCLKI— $1,00 per Frame; 10 or more Frames, 90c. each. Untested Queens to go with them [same as Mr. Smith got] 75c. each. IINTESTKB QUKEINS— by mail, either liCatlier-CoIorcd Italians, 5-Bands, or Carniolans-ll.OO each: $5.00lo"r6; $9.00 per Dozen— till June 1st., tben 75c. each: $i.2o for 6. orSS.OO per Dozen. TESTKU QUEENS— 3-Bands, $1.50 each; 5-Band8 and Carniolans, $2.50 each. Fine Breeders, of either race, or Imported Qneens, $5.00 each. My Straight 5-Band Breeders, $10.00 each. FULL. COIiONIES— with Untested Queens. $6.00 each. Send for Prices and Discounts to Dealers, and by tbe Qaantldes. I have the only Cf av in South Te.xas. Boot's Goods, Dadant Foundation, and ijlcalll Dcc-IllVc faClUlY Bingliani Smokers. Safe arrival guar- anteed on everything. ^~ Send for Free Catalogue, that tells all about Queen-Kearing. Doctor^s J^i^ts Hy DR. FBIRO, Chicaso, 111. Noises in the Ears. If you have noises in your ears — hissing, ringing, roaring or buzzing — you may be pretty certain of catarrhal infitration of the inner ear, and should seek medical advice, at once. Do Vou Kuow About Soap? Tell you when soap was first made '. Well, Harry, if several of you boys will write me to tell about soap— to show that more than yourself are interested in the subject — I will gladly tell you ; and it is something very few people know about. Amber lor Ornament and Astlima. Amber is a resinous substance found in the ground near the Mediterranean Sea. It is made into ornaments, beads, etc., and it is worn, and also taken as a medicine, with a view to prevent and cure asthma. Tliree-Cornered Wounds. Wounds made with three-cornered instru- ments are said to be more dangerous be- cause it makes such an opening that pre- vents the free flow of blood, hence the blood is more apt to flow into internal parts. Iflarlis on the Face. Yes, those powder-marks and birth-marks on the face can be removed, but it is quite a slow process. Some persons are greatly disfigured by them. musk as a Perfume and iTIedlcine. Musk is a substance removed from the musk-ox. It is largely used as a perfume, also as a remedy for nervousness. It is quite expensive, and difficult to purchase in a pure state. JEXIVIE ATCHLEY, BecTillc, Bcc Co., Tex. BASSWOOD TREES For Bee-Foraire. Strong, well-rooted Trees— li^ to a feet. •$:! 00 per hundred: 4 to 6 feet, $5.00 per hundred. This is the time to trans- plant. W. R. LIOHTON, 601 New y^ork Life Building. 10A2 OMAHA, NBBR, Mention tlte American Bee Journal. Promptness Is What Counts ! Honey - Jars, Shipping- Cases, and ev- il ervtliiQg that bee-keepers use. Root's I Goodw at Root's frirerx^ and tbe |^)5a^h best shipping point in the countrj'. Il(»mj)l Dealer in Honey and Beeswax. Cata- iii^n^lAve.WalterS. Ponder INDIANAPOLIS, IND. XmLinordOfi uvotdomyotff uainisif QNI •aT7IASNVAa 6V6 'aaAawKannvAi 3 r Sq paqsiiqn,! •saaqo^ax oisnin oi noi}anpaH -pjudjsod sinao 0* soHd '.Sans jaASjaqjuiiq b sa!(i;n -OMOS ZXITAV V— iisaivn 3HJ. auvsH noA savh THE A. I. ROOT GO'S GOODS IN MISSOURI ;i*i-pyge Catalogue Free. 4Att Jolin INebel & Son, Higli Hill, Mo. WHEN ANSWERING THIS ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAL. 178 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. li. BIG BARGAINS n ROSES, PLANTS, eAnd seeds i'i;;iir "SXe\nc 'VlT uw/l'luX'll'^Pmt'cSarinm'g. M»rle Oaillot, pure While, liut.d Lemon. •XT^Hat "SToTU. 00-33. :Ot;i.37' for SO Ceiits. ■«,w juj..-*u _ __ _ ".- '-,t<2-ao Lartro Flowered PanByP':v!it8, , . |0^. all melted. In this way the honey did not lose its flavor. Our bees had a good flight Dec. 30; the '22nd it turned cold, and the 26th we put the bees into the cellar. It is pretty cold here now, with 20 to 30 degrees below zero, but our bees are resting quite comfortably in the bee-ceUar, which is under a barn, but is arranged so that we can walk on level ground into it. This makes it very handy to carry the bees in and out. We have a carrier made out of two poles, so we can set on two hives at once, and it is all two men can carry without jarring the bees. I like the American Bee Journal very much. Edward Yahnke. Winona, Minn., Feb. 3. Set ni-IS Kver-bloomins Knoes nl different .50 ■■ r.-ia Frasrunt Carn;Uioii rinks, 12 km. Is. no 4. •' 3i;-I-J Lovely Flowering BoEoni.iB.an 80rt8,jO c. •• 3;-IS«eninilima, all colora 1111(1 kinds, . 50 <■- •■ as— l.'>Cb"ice Prize I'hryKiinthemums, . »"»• •• 3,i_ 4 (■!,„,, -e Peoc.rativn ['almn, try them, "O <" •■ 40— 5 Dwarf Freiirh I'annas. .'i kiurls, . 50 r. •• 41-12 >weet Scented Double Tube Ko9e«. SO c. 4,;-I5 Coleus, will make a bright lied, 41-12 Doubleand SingleFuchsias, all colors oOc. 4-.- B Choice Hardy Shrubs, 6 sorts, . . -a"'- 4fi— 30 Pl-.ts Flower Seeds, no two alike , . O" c- 47-20 Pkt'9 elegant Sweet Pens.all differentBO p. 4«-18 Pkt's Choice Vesetable heeds is sorts 50C. THE GREAT WESTERN PLANT CO.. SPRINGFIELD, OHIO, IS- Be sine to mention the American Bee Journal when you write, _^ TAKE NOTICE! BEFOKK placing your orders for SUP- PLIES, write for prices on l-PieceBaS3 wood Sections, Bee-Hives. Shipping - Crates Frames, Foundation, Smokers, etc, PAGE & LYON MFG. CO. NEW LONDON, WIS. PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION Has No Sag In Brood-Frames Thin Flat-Bottom Foundation Has So Fishbone in the Surplus Honey. BelnR the cleanest is usually worked the quickest of any Foundation made J. VAN DBIJSEN & SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Bpront Brook Monmoinery Co., N. y. (]. D. Duvall is in Florida Breeding- Early Italian Qneens, from his old original strain of Maryland Italians which has given such general satisfaction as Comb Honey Producers, etc. ,^ , „, , Untested Queens, ready March 1st,, SI each. 6 for $5.00. Write tor prices on large lots, and ■' special " Circular. Safe arrival guaranteed. Address until Apr. 15— C. B. DlIVAl.1., San Mateo, Fla. MenXMn the American Bee JoumaL 8 A7t In-Door & Out-Door Brooders. 112 FIRST PREMIUMS. Send for 114-page Illu.strated Catalogue, Prairie State Incu bator Co. 23A21t HOMEB CiTV, Pa. Mentimi the American Bee Journal- Qet;)eral \Urr)S. "Will TJse a Deeper Frame. I have read somewhat of the discussion with regard to the merits o£ the S and 10 frame hives ; also with reference to deep or shallow frames. My own experience leads me to conclude that s frames are enough for most bee-keepers, but make the frames iimm' I am making my hives IIJX deep, as this is about the width of the 12-inch board after both edges are planed, and I shall have my frames made to suit this depth, leaving -^-inch bee-space at the bot- tom This will give me about the same amount of room as there is in the 10-frame hive with the standard frame. If I do not need all this space, I can contract the the brood-chamber. It I <'" need it, I have if and, at the same time use the same bot- tom, cover, and super that I now use. Newton, N. J. C. H. S. The "Color Craze" Condemned. I believe it was I who first, at the St. Joseph convention, "arcse to object'' to the present " color craze " amongst queen- breeders and apiarists. I am pleased, therefore, to note that out of the 20 expert apiarists answering the question-box conun- drums (see page 76), only one out of the 20 who have tried the yellow queens think them superior to the 3-banded bees, while the other 10 either pronounce no better or not so good. What Mr. Abbott says, in his answer, about " selling '' what people want, and spend no time trying to convince, etc., is well enough as far ns it goes, but if queen-breeders had not first extolled these yellow bees, and claimed them better than 3-banders, this color craze had never been inaugurated, and we, as bee-keepers, would have been thousands of dollars better off. I did not myself mean to condemn the yellow bees simply because they are yellow —that would be foolish. What I object to, and still object to. is breeding for color to the exclusion of useful qualities. Whenever breeders give us queens that are prolific, and whose progeny are industrious, hardy, good comb-builders, and cap their comb white, are gentle and honest, i. c, not in- veterate robbers— I say when they have secured all these jimctical points, then, and then only, should they turn their attention to breeding for color. And whenever they find that they must sacrifice any one of, or any part of any one of the above points in order to secure color, they should halt right there! Beauty is only "skin deep," and what we want is bees for business piir/iuses— not simply insects which are pretty to look at. F. H. Richardson. La Clede, Mo. A Yahnke (Not Yankee) Bee-Boy. I see in the American Bee Journal that two boys write about bees. I am only a boy, too, and like bees very much. I take care of my father's bees. Last spring we had 21 colonies, and increased them to 41. Our main honey crops are from white clover, basswood, and in the fall, along the bottoms of the Mississippi river, are horse- mint, boneset, Spanish-needle, and many other flowers that I don't know the names of. The honey the bees gathered from the Spanish-needle all candied some before we took it off the hives, so we could not ex- tract it nor sell it in combs, so we had to cut it out of the sections, put it in tin pails, and set them in boiling water until it was When to Move South. I must say the article by A. P. Carlson, on page 92, is very misleading. He says he speaks from experience, for he left Minne- sota on June 2, and arrived at Helena, Ark., on June 3, etc. I fail to see anything in Mr. Carlson's letter to show that he has ever been in Texas. January or February is probably the best time to change from a Northern to South- ern climate, but it is an injustice to Texas to make the assertion that it would result in sickness or death to move from the North to Texas in June or July. That this is entirely false is proved every year by the hundreds that come to this State from the North. ^ , I can readily excuse Mr. C. from any in- tentional wrong, for it appears that he iudges the entire South by that place over there on the bank of the Mississippi river, surrounded by the largest swamps known in the United States. It is natural that Mr C. would not feel kindly toward a place where after two months only SO out of 1.000 had not been sick. That is a place that I would not like to risk my health m any time of the year. 1 was raised in Mississippi, and speak from experience. All that part of Texas lying west of the Brazos is entirely differ- ent from any I have seen on tlae fast side. It is high, dry, and healthy. South of the central part of the State there is a Gulf breeze all summer, and it is much cooler here in summer than in the North. Ihe nights are cool and pleasant— hot, sultry nights are unknown here. So I say with Mrs. Atchley, come when you get ready, it will not make any great difference-certainly no risk of any fatal sickness, and if ordinary precaution is taken, there need be no sickness at all. I attended the bee-meeting at Beeville, Dec 37 and 28. I made the trip from here on my bicycle. I saw a great deal of fine country down there, but it is too dry for much farming. W. C. Gathbight. Cameron, Tex., Jan. '28. Pointed Hints for All. I had the pleasure of meeting with the Venango county bee-keepers at their -nd annual convention on Jan. '28, at Franklin Pa To say I was agreeably disappointed is putting the statement mildly. I m"ft say that so far as I cam see, I formed the acquaintance of a lot of '-gentlemen - men who take an interest in their business -some veterans, som-e young men, but all apparently intent on making things inter- esting, as well as profitable. The tune al- loted for discussion was like life-entirely "too short -'-not giving time enough to discuss the various subjects brought up tor consideration. If it is to our interest vo meet annually in convention to discuss the best methods of bee-keeping, let us take time enough. Meet promptly at the hour appointed, and proceed to business. This is one point in bee-keeping. The successful apiarist is not the man who puts off his busness until the last minute, "lake time by the forelock; • drive your business, don't let it drive you. Don't be a slave to negligence and slothfulness, and then you will not have to entertain your friends vvith that calamitous howl of "bad luck! "Time and tide wait for no man," and the 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 179 bees don't either, unless it suits their own convenience. Give us a good honey season. That will stimulate to action ; activity leads to thought. Honey, action and thought fill our pockets. And then we will not cry out " bad luck !" T. C. Kelly. Slippery Rock, Pa. Properly liabel the Adulteration. I don't wish to enter into any controversy with Rev. E. T. Abbott, but I want to say right now that I do not see how he could conscientiously write the article on page 106, headed, " No Use to Hunt the Adulter- ation," unless he, a friend, or some one else whom he wants to defend, is guilty. I do not want any adulterator trampling on my toes. I would recommend that the law read something like this : " All adulterated honey shall be labeled as such ;" then those who sell adulterated honey cannot sell un- der the reputation that we, the honey-pro- ducers, have established. D. S. Jenkins. Las Animas, Colo. The Winter in Florida. We have had an extraordinary winter here in Florida, with great loss in fruit, and fruit-trees and garden-truck ; and yet bees are, and have been, carrying in pollen about every day since Dec. 1. The hives are full of brood, and drones on the wing all winter. I have been selling honey all winter, gathered and stored away in the summer time, while I was in Iowa attend- ing to the small honey crop gathered there. It is an easy thing to send good brood- combs down in November, and then take with you a queen and a pound of bees, turn the queen and bees on the empty combs, and the thing is done. Drive out your late weak colonies with insufficient honey for wintering, and bring with you. They will build up and store up a surplus for your use the following winter. Jesse Oben, M. D. Daytona, Fla., Feb. 19. Bee-Keeping in Maine. The past season here was an extra one as regards honey, clover doing fairly well, basswood excellent, and in the fall golden- rod (which I never knew to yield so much) continued into October; all the brood- frames were packed solid full to the exclu- sion of brood, which is uncommon here. My bees went into winter quarters with fewer young bees than ever before, but with strong colonies, as I united most of them. I am wintering 15 colonies. I ex- tracted most of the honey, and fed sugar syrup. The yield per colony way about 80 pounds — -3 comb, and >^ extracted. I use chaff hives, and winter my bees on the summer stands. I increase by dividing, and clip all queens as soon as laying. My bees are mostly hybrids, with a few blacks. But few keep bees here, many thinking it doesn't pay any more. Frank Champeon. Exeter, Maine, Feb. 11. A Plea for Father Langstroth. I learn, on good authority, that many who have been in the habit of contributing to the Langstroth Fund at the beginning of each year, have not done so yet; and I have reason to think that Father Lang- stroth feels the omission. What is the matter, friends ? Are times so hard that you cannot keep your pledges ? or have you forgotten that Father Langstroth is still with us— old, poor, feeble, and in need of friendly aid ? I know that the past season has been hard on many ; but can we not lop off a little expense here or there, to spare a few dollars ? Get out your "ABC of Bee-Culture;" look upon the kind, ven- erable face of your benefactor, and then think if you have the heart to omit giving your usual contribution, on which he no doubt depends for part of the necessaries and comforts in his old age. Father Langstroth is now 84 years old. It is not likely that he can remain with us a great while longer. When he is dead and gone, the bee-keepers will perhaps rouse up and put a fine monument on his grave. But what good wUl that do him ? Now is the time when he needs our help. When he is gone, his memory will live in the heart of every true American bee-keeper, with or without any monument to remind us about what he has been to us, and what he has done for us. I am sure that the satisfaction of having done a kind act, where so fuUy deserved, will amply repay any one for what he may give. Send your contributions direct to Rev. L. L. Langstroth, 120 Ford Street, Dayton, Ohio, or to the editor of the American Bee Journal, who will forward the money to him. Wm. Muth-Rasmussbn. Independence, Calif. [I hope the foregoing will be heeded, for Editor Root says he " happens to know that the money would not come amiss." By the way, I notice that Mr. Muth-Ras- mussen sent the same " plea " to Gleanings, in which it was printed March 1. — Editor.] Bees Seem All Right. My bees (25 colonies) are in the cellar, and seem to be all right at present. I shall set them out to fly the first warm spell we get, and will then let them remain out. That is now the practice of the Fox river bee-men in this (Kane) county. M. M. Baldridge. St. Charles, III., Feb. 21. Report for 1894, Etc. I will now give my report for 1894. We had the worst season for 10 years. 1 com- menced in the spring with 125 colonies, and had the most of them in good condition on March 10, when along came a blizzard and killed all of the flowers — redbud and plums, peaches, and all went together. Then came the hard times. Brood was killed, and when it turned warm the bees began to carry out their brood. Then starvation came on — no flowers for three weeks. Our main honey-flow came ; the bees were starving, and our colonies were so weak they could not do much in the way of honey-gathering. I run an out-yard four miles east of my home, where the bees gathered about 40 pounds per colony, in the spring, from holly and basswood, and 45 pounds per colony in the fall — that makes 85 pounds per col- ony, spring count, in my out-yard. I reared queens at the home yard, and had several colonies that gathered 50 pounds each. As I have been testing seven different kinds of hives, I will say that the best all- purpose hive is a hive 12x14 inches, inside measure, and 12 inches deep. Bees winter better, spring better, and gather more to the colony. I look from Saturday till Saturday for the American Bee Journal. I like it so well that I wish it would come twice a week. It is the best journal in existence. Ozan, Ark., Jan. 31. J. W. Taylor. A "Deep" Plan for Wintering Bees. I am an interested reader of the Ameri- can Bee Journal. Just now the subject claiming the attention of the apiarist is wintering. After reading about the advan- tages of deep frames and the necessity of using the standard Langstroth frame, it occurred to me, why cannot the advantages of both be combined in this way ? — Take a two-story hive and, if one of eight frames, put four frames within the center of the brood-chamber, and the same num- ber in the upper story directly over those below, making a depth double that of the standard Langstroth frame. On each side put division-boards the depth of both frames, filling in between the walls of both stories and division-boards with chaff cush- ions. Now put on top of all a super or half- story, and within place the top cushion, using a Hill's device if thought advisable. When restoring the hives to their former condition, previous to the swarming season, I would restore the upper frames to the brood-chamber, being sure to put those having brood within the center. I became so impressed with this idea that I asked my husband for a colony with which to experiment. He smilingly asked, "If the idea is such an excellent one, would not some of the distinguished apiarists have adopted it long since ?" He advised me to ask the Bee Journal about it. Now, will Dr. Miller, or J. A. Golden, who wrote about deep frames recently in the Bee Journal, tell me through its columns if the plan could be put in practice successfully, and oblige a beginner who is eager for in- formation about apiculture ? Mary Martin Durbin. Groves, Ind. C^oiiTeiitloii nfotices. Minnesota.— The resrularseml-annual meet- ing of the Southern Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Association will be held on the first Monday In May. ISO.'i, at LaCrescent, Minn. All bee- keepers invited. E. C. Cornwell, Sec. Winona. Minn. Utah. — The Utah Bee-Keepers' Association will hold their semi-annual meetingon Thurs- day, April 4, 1895, at 10 a.m.. In theFlshCom- missioner's rooms in the new city and county building. Sail Lake City. Provo. Utah. Geo. E. Dudley, Sec. Washington.— The next meeting of the Western Washington Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion will be held on Monday, April 8, 1895. Subjects of interest to bee-keepers will be dis- cussed. Bee-Seepers are invited to attend. Tacoma, Wash. L. D. Littooy, Sec. Texas.— The Texas State Bee-Keepers' As- sociation will hold its 17th annual convention at the apiarv ot W. R. Graham, in Greenville. Tex., on Wednesday and Thursday, April 3 and 4, 1895. All interested are invited to at- tend. '• No hotel BILLS." Ft. Worth, Tex. Dr. Wm. H. Howard. Sec. Kansas —There will be a meeting of the Southeastern Kansas Bee-Keepers* Associa- tion on March 16. 1895, at Goodno's Hall, in Bronson, Bourbon Co., Kans. It is the annual meeting, and all members are requested to be present, and all bee-keepers are cordially in- vited. J. C. Balch, Sec. Bronson, Kans. STILL IN THE LEAD. HIL,TOi\'S Chaff Hives, T-Su- pers. White Poll§lic'ican Dee Journal. 300 m of A IVo. 1 Italian Bees in 8-fr. Dovetailed Hives, for sale CHEAP. Also a Full Line of Apiarian Goods, all iietv, at living prices. Send for Catalogue, to— E. T. Flanagan, Bo.t 7S:i, Belleville, Ills. 1 1 A 1 0 MtnlUyn the American Bee Joumoi, 180 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. M, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! U Is ahviiys economy to buy the best, espe- rlallywhen tlie best cost no more than Sdinctliinp not half so pood. OUR FAL- CON SECTIONS are acknowledged to be superior to any on the market. The same Is also true of our HIVES and BEE- KEEPEKS' SUPPLIES, of which we make all modern styles. OUK PRICES will be found as low as those of any of our competitors, and in many cases low- er, and you are always sure of Retting flrsl-cWss goods. We aUo publish THE AMERICAN liEE-KEEPER, a monthly magazine (Flftli year) at 50c. a year, in- raluable to beginners. Large illustrated catalogue and price-list free. Address, THEW.T.FAUmERMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. ^F" W. m. Gerrlsli. of East Nottliis- bam, N. H., is our Eastern agent. New Fngland customers may save freight by pur- chasing of him. Mention the American Bee Journal. Fruit Ranch and Apiary FOR SALE. Address, REV. L,. J. TEMPLIN, CANON CITY. COLO. llA4t Mention Uie American Bee Journal. -A BEE-HIVE- That is convenient to handle and the right size. A Fl'IiL. LINE OF SUPPLIES. BEES <& QUEENS. I. J. STRIIVOHAIM, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK, N. T. Mention the American Bee Jourti/iL MUTH'S HONET EZTBACTOB PERFECTION Oold-Blaeil Smokem, Sqnare Glaso Honey Jars, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son. Cor. Freeman at Central Aves., Cincinnati, O. Send 10c for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers. Mention the American Bee Journal. Strawberry and Raspberry Plants. Best Neiv and Old varieties. Best grofvn Plains. Catalogue Free. With instructions for their cuiture. Send for it Now. Mention this paper. Address. E. J. NCOFIELD, 3Al.')t P. O. Bo.v 113, H.4NOVER, Wis. BASSWOOD FOR BEES We have a large slock of .Vmerlcan I.Ui- dcii or Bassivood. 5 to G feet. 15c. each— .tIS.OO per O. R to 8 feet. 20c. eacb-115.00 per C. 7 to 10 ft. 2oc. each— $20.00 per C. Address, ^^^^^j j^'.j|j„„,jl ^^^y^^Y^ (|„_ 8A6t ELI^IN, IliL,. JVfcjifioJi UieAmcrhjiin live Jwinmi- ORDER SPRING QUEENS. I will send a (;iiuriintfe<] .'t-Bandcd Yellow Queen, bred Iroin a Ilreudcr selected Irom 1000 QueenB(sonie produoiiiK- over 400 lbs. ol' honey to the colony); or tt .'1-Banded Italian Leather-Colored Queen direct from a Breeder Imported irom Italy. Oct. 'JH—al 75c., and a special low price lor a quantity. My secret is to sell an cxtra-larg-e amount. which enables me to sell at low prices. Will run ihis sprmi;? ;J.*>0 Nuclei— have 1 home and 4 out apiaries. llo«>kiiit£ Ordorw Mo%v— will beg-in shippinK March isl. No Queens su- perior to my Strain. {^" Send lor Descriptive Catalogue and Testimonials, to Wm. a. Selser. Wvncotb, Pa. yfenitioii, thcAmcn«_?f >;«■ >T? >;^ >{«■ >f< >}<: >j< >f«: >?<: >jx >p- >p- ■?;?>?«• 7iv >♦« >f« >?< Tfif 8 cents per pound in any sized quantity. Cash with Order. Reference — Firsit National Bank. Address, L. Wirt Markham, Lamar, Colo. X. B. — It requires 20 ll><«. to sow an acre* Mention the American Bee Joitmal OUR PRICES May appear to be higher than some manufacturers'; but when you consider Qnaullt}' aud Quality, they are low. You may be able to buy Sections at Cut Prices, but they are not our Superb Polished Sections. The f:ict Is, we don't have to cut prices to sell 'em; and the same is true of our Hives. Tliirty-ISiK page Catalog free. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. 35th Year. CHICAGO, ILL., MARCH 21, 1895. No. 12. Cot;)tributed /V^ticles^ On Important Ajyiarian. Subjects* Extracting the Honey From Box-Hives. BY I. W. BECKWITH. I have not seen where any writer, treating on transferring, has thought of extracting the honey ; and as I worked over an old apiary the past season and extracted more than 1,000 pounds of honey from those old boxes, I will tell the readers of the American Bee Journal how I did it. I cut four pieces of lath, a, a, a, a, the length of the hive frames, and a cleat, b, one inch square and as long as the width of the frames, and a small cleat, c, the same length, and nail them together as shown in the illustration ; and along the outer edges of the outside lath, drive some small nails about 3 inches apart letting the heads project Jf inch. A pair of these pallets will be needed, and if one has an assistant two pairs will be required. I now cut the combs to fit the frames as nearly as prac ticable, and lay a piece on the pallet so as to rest against the cleat B, and if there is room I put another piece on the pallet resting against the first piece. I now uncap the upper side of these pieces and with a clamp, d, I fasten each piece by laying the clamp across the piece near its upper end and hook it over the projecting nails. The clamp should be narrow enough to bind rather tightly on the comb. I then lift the pallet by the cleat c, and set it in the extractor. After extracting I turn the comb on the pallet, uncap and extract the other side. Any thin board will answer for the pallets instead of lath, but the lighter the better. For fastening these extracted combs in the frames I use the clamp e. I do not know but bee-keepers generally have used such clamps, but as far as I know they use pegs, strings and other devices equally unhandy. There is an abundance of wire suitable for making clamps lying around here, that has been used in baling hay. The clamps should be just large enough to go over the outside of the frames from top to bottom. As soon as the combs are stuck by the bees, the clamps can be taken off and used again. Grover, Colo. The True Test of Purity of Queens. BY H. F. COLEMAN. The discussion recently going on in Gleanings, as to the effect that a cross between a black drone and a 5-banded Italian queen has upon the markings of the worker progeny, Mr. R. B. Leahy— Sec page 1S8. revives in my memory a bit of experience along this line. If I remember correctly, I have more than once made mention of it in the columns of the American Bee Journal, but as we soon forget what we see in print, I will give it again, and more in detail. When I began to Italianize my apiary I procured three tested queens, one of which proved to be a fine breeder, show- ing queens as fine in color and shape as any I have ever seen. Of course, I reared from my best queen, and reared queens for all my black colonies — 22 in number. At this time there were no other Italian bees nearer than 12 miles of me, but black bees were plentiful throughout the county. When the brood from my young queens began to hatch, I was delighted almost beyond measure. At least four-fifths of them produced all 3-banded workers, and as that, according to bee-books, was the test of purely-mated queens, I saw, or thought I saw, 182 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 21, an easy and sure road to success In Italianizing. But my hopes were soon to be blasted. When I began to rear queens from ray young queens, not more than half of those I thought to be p\irely mated would produce pure Italian queens. I then began to think over the matter, and to read everything I could find on the subject. That there was a mistake somewhere there was no doubt in my mind. My queens had had but two chances to be mated. They had to be either mated from drones from my tested queens, or from the drones of the black bees in the country. If they were mated from my Italian drones, why was it that they did not produce pure queens ? And if mated from the black drones of the country, why was it that their workers were all ;^-banded ? I naturally fell into the idea that the production of all o-banded workers by an Italian queen is not a sure sign that the queen is purely mated ; and also that Ihc only true test of a pure Italian queen, and that she is purely mated, is the purity of the queens reared from her. I know that this is not a very favorable picture, but never- theless, in my opinion, it is the true one, and I am not the only one that is of the same opinion. I have before me the writ- ings of Mrs. Ellen J. Tupper, as published in the Report of Agriculture, page 471, for the year lb65, in which she says : "By a pin-e queen, I mean one of pure stock, and which has been fertilized by an Italian drone. There has been much stock reared in this country which is liybrid. By this I mean that the progeny of a pure Italian queen fertilized by a com- mon drone. This, in the ^rst generation, is hara to be distin- guished from the pure, but it soon degenerates." Again she says (page 472) : " The only ceHain test that I rely upon (as to the purity of a queen) is the color and mark- ings of a queen's royal children, or the queens reared from her. The female bee is invariably like the father, and the queens are the only perfect female bee." And again Mr. Doolittle, on page 108 of his most excel- lent work on queen-rearing, says : " To detect any slight con- tamination of blood in our bees, we must always look to the queen progeny, for the queen is the typical bee of the hive ; hence they will show an impurity where the workers and drones would not." I desire no controversy, but we should get at the truth in this matter, and if the theory herein contained is the true one, does it not follow that no one should sella queen as a tested queen until it is positively known that she will produce pure queens, and not simply 3-banded workers? Sneedville, Tenn. The Land of Flowers in Winter-Time. BY MRS. L. HARRISON. I am spending my fourth winter in this section of the " Land of Flowers ; " and my experience has been an unusual one. When I arrived in Florida, Dec. 17, the weather was quite warm and summer-like — everything as green as in June, strawberries in bloom, and many pear trees bending down with the second crop of fruit ; in fact, it was too warm for the time of the year. There was frost Dec. 27 sufficient to form thin ice, and the 28th the mercury went down to 15- above 0, and the ground was frozen hard ; the 29th there was a light frost, and then the weather resumed its normal condition. Of course, early gardens were killed, and many young trees either killed or badly injured, A largt orange tree will stand a good deal of freezing without being permanently injured ; a lemon tree is more tender ; young fig trees were in many cases killed to the ground. The gardeners determined to recoup their losses, replanted their grounds, and finding their trees less impaired than they had anticipated, were con- gratulating themselves on their escape, when on Feb. 8 there came another blizzard, and the mercury went as low, and at some points lower, than it did the first time, with much greater injury to gardens, as, the season being advanced, much more had been planted, and in the central and central southern portions of the State there must be great damage to trees, as the sap was flowing upwards, and the buds swelling; in the northern portion of the State, the trees were dormant, or nearly so, and are probably little injured. The loss to the State in the aggregate will be great; but following the advice of Moses to the children of Israel on the banks of the Red Sea, they will "be of good courage, and go forward." Deserving success, they will attain it. None perished of the cold here, as, alas, was the case with many a poor pioneer in Nebraska and Dakota; and but little physical suffering was endured, as fuel is plenty, and the cold was not of long duration. There is probably no healthier locality than the highlands of west Florida ; and our beautiful St. Andrews Bay abounds with fine oysters, and choice fish, of many varieties, such as red fish, pompano, Spanish mackerel, salt water trout, etc. Pears, peaches and plums do finely here, and citrus fruits are a success oftener than a failure. This is a very good locality for bee-culture, the past season about 40 pounds of surplus honey per hive being taken here, which was accounted K of a crop. At Lake Chipola, (near the dead lakes, so called from the many dead cypress, andother dead trees still standing in the water) about 14 miles from the head of East St. Andrews Bay, is a very large apiary, owned by Messrs. Alderman and Roberts. I paid them a visit three years ago, and they had taken the previous season (1891) 250 barrels of honey. If I remember correctly, they had 1,300 colonies in their apiary. Mr. Alderman also had a very fine orange grove which yielded that season 5,000 bo.xes of oranges. While the soil was quite rich, the location was not a healthy one, there being a good deal of malaria, chills, etc. The residents there said they " could get over the chills or malaria, without taking quinine, just by going down to the bay and staying a few weeks." Lands in the piney woods north of St. Andrews can be bought quite cheaply — S3 to yiO per acre according to quality and location. There are no manufacturing industries on the bay, and but little day labor to be had ; but the settler who can come there with .si,00O or Sl,5(.iO, can make himself a pleasant and comfortable home, away from the cold and bliz- zards of the far north. St. Andrews Bay, Fla., Feb. 11. >v No. 5. — The Production of Comb Honey. BY EirERSON T. ABBOTT. Before we go any further it may be well to see where we are " at." We first reached the conclusion that Italian bees were not the best for comb honey on account of their objectionable habit of capping close down on the honey, thus giving the combs a watery appearance. I know that some claim that their Italians do not do this way, and that they produce as white honey as any bees, but this is not the way my Italians cap honey, and, for that matter, I have never seen any that did cap in this way. If anyone has a strain of Italians that invariably produce first-class white comb-honey, I presume, Mr. Publisher, that you will not object if I suggest that now would be a good time for him or her to insert a large advertise- ment in the American Bee Journal. I have never seen any bees that capped their honey white, which did not have a large mixture of German or Carniolan blood in them. I thought at one time that a cross between the Italians and Carniolans would be just the bee, but I found some difheulty in keeping up the proper miixture for a suf- ficient length of time to thoroughly test them. If I should make up my mind in the future to devote my time to the pro- duction of comb honey, I should start with a cross between the Germans and Italians, and then introduce some Carniolan blood to add whiteness and reduce the amount of propolis. Italians, as I see things now, are the best for extracted honey, but a cross between the Germans and Italians with a mixture of Carniolan blood is the best for comb honey. I have no such bees for sale. We have also discussed the subject of hives, and reached the conclusion that a plain S-frame hive with halved joints, and hanging frames, spaced with a metal spacer, and a loose bottom, is about the best hive for comb honey, all things con- sidered. On this hive I would have supers which have arrange- ments for holding the sections in the form of pattern slats fitted into them, with presser-board and wedges above them to hold the sections. Over the sections should be placed a thin honey-board with a bee-space under it, and over this a lid that gives at least one inch of space above the honey-board. To make a success of comb honey, one should have a number of these supers, or surplus arrangements, for each hive — at least four, and in some localities more. Thus equipped, the ques- tion arises, what is the next thing necessary ? I answer, LOCALITY. There is no use to try to secure an extra article of comb honey unless the locality is favorable. In the first place the flora'should, of course, be such as will produce white honey. Again, it should be of such a character as will give a rapid flow in preference to a lengthy one. It will also be of very great advantage if this flow comes in the early part of the season. The later the flow, the more probability of the bees 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 183 propolizing the sections. As a general thing, bees do not gather much propolis until toward fall. I know of no location better suited to the production of first-class comb honey than the alfalfa regions of Colorado and the West generally. I am told that in some parts of Utah the sweet clover grows so abundantly that it furnishes all the conditions for a first-class article. Where there is an abund- ance of linden, or basswood, all of the conditions are favor- able for whiteness, but the flavor will not compare with that of alfalfa or sweet clover, and as to body, if I may be excused for using the slang, the basswood is not "in it" with the two above-named plants. I have also seen some very fine sage honey from the Pacific coast. Wherever there is a bountiful supply of white clover, if it yields nectar, there will be no trouble to secure a quality of honey that will hold its own in any market. There are, no doubt, other plants and localities which furnish all the favorable conditions, for, of course, I do not pretend to mention, nor even to know about all of thera. However, the principles first laid down as to rapidity of flow, etc., will apply to any plant or locality. Another one of the essentials, and I do not know but it is the, essential, is a first-class, wide awake man or woman to look after things. No loose-geared, shiftless, lucky-go-easy, run-down-at-the-heel individual will ever be able to put on the market an extra-fine quality of comb honey. Such people, if any there be in the bee-business, would better quit or resort to the extractor. I presume Friend Dadant would say, "Quit," and perhaps he would be about right. WHEN TO BEGIN. When is the time to prepare for a crop of this kind ? Last fall. It takes bees to gather honey, and in order to have plenty of bees for the next season's work, all of the colonies must be properly looked after the fall before. In order to get the best results out of bees in the summer they must be prop- erly wintered. I do not intend here to enter into any discus- sion of what is known as the " winter problem," but only desire to say that by some process the colonies must be kept strong and healthy. Assuming that the bees have passed through the winter all right, and that the spring has opened, then the question arises, what is the first move to be made ? This brings us to the subject of SPRING CARE OF BEES. To feed or not to feed, that is the question. Well, on general principles I prefer not to feed, yet it is of very great importance that no colony be left to feel the want of food for a single day after the spring opens. They should not only have enough to live on, but enough and some to spare, if they are to build up rapidly. Of course, in these remarks it is taken for granted that the honey-flow is an early one. Where the main crop comes in the fall there is no hurry about build- ing up. My first choice for spring feeding is surplus combs of honey to be given to the bees in such quantity that they will feel that they have plenty, and at the same time avoid crowd- ing the queen too much, so that she may have room to do her best at laying as the season progresses. If one has no extra combs of honey, and there is not plenty in the hive to more than supply the wants of the colony until the first honey-flow, then one must resort to feeding. Just here I want to caution all who read this, about begin- ning to feed too early. Bees are frequently stimulated to activity by feeding so early in the season that they fly out of the hive when it is too cold, and thus wear themselves out and die to no purpose. I have never found anything better for spring feeding than an oval, wooden butter-dish. They are very handy and cost less than any other kind of a feeder, and having no metal or glass about them, they are not cold. They should be set in the top of the hive, and a couple of sticks laid across each after they are filled with syrup. Turn back one corner of the cloth which covers the brood-nest, so the bees will have access to them, and then put about two thicknesses of newspaper over them, tucking it down snugly around the edges. This will prevent the bees being chilled when they come up after the sugar syrup. I put the syrup in quite warm early in the even- ing, and then it is all down before morning. If a honey-board is used, a hole bored in the center will answer the purpose, and this can be plugged up with a cork during the winter. Some say feed slowly, but I prefer to give them all they need about as quickly as possible. I think this method will secure the best results. I have assumed that a live bee-keeper will know just when to expect the honey-flow, and that he will shape his actions accordingly. St. Joseph, Mo. Swarmittg and the Prevention of Increase. BY JAS. POINDEXTEK. On page 89, "Gleaner" propounds a few questions relat- ing to my plan of preventing increase, as given on page 36. Before answering I will thank him for his compliment on my essay. As to the number of swarms treated after they had swarmed, it would be difficult to give. I have been practicing the method successfully for 17 years, about 15 of which my two apiaries numbered 200 colonies, with little variation until the winter of 1891-2 they were badly reduced. Since then I have been working almost exclusively for increase. The number of swarms that reissued was not large. Though more or less, according to the season. The number of queens lost when released was very small — the same precau- tion being used then as when introducing, that is, to note if there was any hostility of the bees to the queen recage her. The loss of queens and the issuing of swarms with young queens occurred mostly near the close of the honey season, when swarms were less valuable, and I would not be at the bee-yards sometimes more than once or twice a week. In my absence occasionally a swarm would issue and the queen be lost by entering a strange hive. This I take as a fact from purposely leaving some of the queens uncaged awhile where I was present and found that some would not have reached their own hive without assistance. There is one item not given in the Bee Journal which, if I remember correctly, was in the original essay. (If it was not, it should have been). That was, to destroy the queen- cells before releasing the queen. It was my purpose in presenting the subject to the State convention, to draw out a more practical method for the pre- vention of increase ; but as I left shortly after, to meet my team, I did not get to hear one given. If "Gleaner" or any one else can give us a better plan during the production of comb honey, let us have it in time to test the coming season. Bloomington, Ills. Intense Bee-Culture for the Future. BY S. 8. BUTTS. I was very much interested in the article in the American Bee Journal by G. M. Doolittle under the caption, "How many bees shall we keep?" For some time I have been revolving the same question. Nearly a year since I suggested that in many sections the bee-pasturage was overstocked, and meant to say further that in my opinion apiarists would make more money if their stock was reduced one-half. But by a slip of the pen I got it a hundred per cent, and you doubtless remember how a certain doctor arose to remark that I would be very severe on the bees ! I, however, considered how little it takes to disturb a "straw" man, and decided not to resent the severe charge. But to return to my subject. Nothing short of thorough- ness pays in these times of low prices and sharp competition. Slipshod methods in any business are sure to end in loss and disappointment. I am a farmer, and I know that only intense farming pays. And I am just as certain that anything short of thorough work and skillful management among the bees must result in failure and loss. To be sure, some unsuccessful bee-keepers still remain in the business for the pleasure it affords. Much as I like to be among the willing workers and golden beauties, studying their habits by observation aided by bee-literature, if this pursuit did not enable me to take in a few shekles, its pleasures and charms would vanish like the frost-work before the rising sun. Earlier, when the field was but partially occupied, before the day of sharp competition, when honey ruled very high, even the careless bee-keeper made some money. Now, from the alpha to the omega of the business, every detail must be attended to with the greatest precision and care, to secure the grade and amount of honey necessary to success. It can never pay to keep 500 colonies of bees in a certain field to secure 10,000 pounds of honey where 200 colonies would produce the same, with about half the work and expense. No scrub bees need come into the race. Only those of a high type can ever be a source of much pleasure or profit to their owners. To keep up the standard, and as far as pos- sible raise it, requires knowledge, vigilance and skill. If we could be rid of all the low-grade bees in the country, that are ever contaminating the best blood, and if their owners would give the business over entirely into better hands, then a brighter day would dawn on our pursuit. The standard of bees and bee-keepers advanced, the average grade of honey 184 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 21, would be much finer, and then in this Interesting pursuit pleasure and profit would go hand in hand. One encouragement to the careful, thorough, painstaking apiarist is that the business has become a losing one to all who are doing their work in a careless manner; atid, then, poor, neglected, deteriorated bees are passing away, and, by the law of the survival of the fittest, are giving place to those carefully bred up to the standard required by the age. The tendency is to greater knowledge, better methods, better bees, and more intense work, all along the line. Mehoopauy, Pa. Some Habits of Bees. BV J. W. 80UTHW00D. The natural habits of bees are to build comb which con- tain— worker cells in which to store honey and rear worker- brood, drone-cells in which to rear drone-brood, and when not in use for this purpose, to also store honey, (at least they make use of it for this purpose ); and at certain times queen- cells, in which to rear queens. In every colony of fair normal condition worker-cells are far in excess, so far as numbers are concerned, of either, or both other kinds, as the queen in such a colony can and does so, nearly if not quite, keep up with the comb-building as to supply the cells with worker-eggs, with the exception of a sufiBciency to be stored with food for the rearing of the brood. When the queen is able to thus supply the cells as fast as built, the bees, it appears, conclude she is all right. But when she is too enfeebled by age or otherwise, or if the colony is large, and the amount of comb space too large, compara- tively, with her ability to that of the comb-builders, then she falls behind, and the bees seem to take knowledge of it, and think she is failing, and therefore contemplate supersedure. And as drones are one-half longer time-.in being reared than the queen, and being necessary for the fertilization of the forth-coming virgin queen, provided the failing of the queen is such to bring about this condition of affairs, they build drone-comb so as to be ready for the emergency, should it come. When this condition exists, we may expect drone-comb. Those who have used wide starters in brood-frames, one-half, one third, or even less, when hiving swarms can testify. There must not be given the comb-builders more frames to draw out than the queen can keep pace with in supplying with eggs while the combs are being built, neither should we give wide starters so as to place them ahead of the queen in her egg deposit, unless we desire drone-comb. Of course, if full sheets are given, the cell foundations are all forced, and the bees, thus thwarted, will draw the cell-walls and fill with honey instead of waiting for the queen to fill them with eggs. Their habits are such as to always have a few queen-cells. Monument City, Ind. A Visit to Florida and Her Bee-Keepers. BV WM. A. SEL8ER. (Continued from page 08.) Hawk's Park, just a few miles south of New Smyrna, is the seat of the honey industry of the whole State. It is on the banks of the Hillsboro river, which is very narrow at this point, and the little islands, as well as the east bank of the river, are a perfect bower of mangrove trees. Here Mr. W. S. Hart is one of the most successful honey-producers of this section. His hives, about 100 in number, are located under a bower of grape-vines. His honey-house which adjoins his apiary is two stories. The second story is where he does his extracting; he runs the honey into a tank, where it runs out at the bottom in a very small stream into an adjoining build- ing, which is covered with glass, the sun shining directly through upon a large frame of metal. By a curious device, the honey gradually runs over this and evaporates all water out of it, coming out at the lower end and running into the story below directly into barrels, where they are bunged up and stored away ready to be shipped out. His way of hand- ling hives is too well known to take up space to mention here. Mr. W. H. Mitchell, the next place, is also a very success- ful bee-keeper. His crop was about 50 barrels from 60 or 70 colonies. He tiers up in three stories, extracting from the top story. As each story became full, he would lift up and place the empty frames over the brood-frames of the first story. Here is also Mr. Hill, Manager of the South Florida Apiary Company, where they expect in time to have about 2,000 colonies of bees, having about 200 now to start with. The President of this Company is Mr. F. R. Correll, of Titusville, Pa. Mr. Hill's apiary is run largely for comb honey. Across the river from this place, on the peninsula, are two old bee-keepers by the name of Brown, living in the hammock land. They have two separate houses and are "baching" it. They had quite a lot of bees, but the winds and tides of the year before destroyed most of their colonies. This is a beau- tiful location, with the Ocean beach on one side and the river on the other. Just south of this place is the apiary of Mr. E. M. Storer, also located on the peninsula and a very success- ful bee-keeper. About 12 miles north of New Smyrna is located the apiaries of Mr. J. B. Case, the celebrated queen-rearer of Florida, who tells me his bees gather honey all the year around, except a few weeks in mid-summer. I found him pleasantly located on the river bank and working with his wax, and his loved companion doing some sewing in an adjoin- ing room. Mr. Case took considerable pains to explain to the writer about his queen-rearing process. He works by the Doolittle process, and says that the wax should never be allowed to get too hot, or the cups will be tough ; and, in order to keep them moist, in making a lot up ahead, they should be kept in a covered tin box. He had several shades of wax and explained that the color of the wax depends upon the color of the nectar the bees are gathering. Coming south again, I passed the apiaries of Mr. E. J. Moore, and also Mr. E. G. Hewitt, who has 90 colonies and makes all his honey into wines. We fear he is not a good Prohibitionist, like some of our good Philadelphia bee-keepers. There are also a large number of bee-keepers just below Hawk's Park ; Capt. Barber among the rest, who has had large yields of honey in the past year, but space will not per- mit to mention the different ones. Going south from here to Oak Hill, you pass the apiary of Mr. Olson and Mr. E. A. Marsh, situated in the Pine Land, and their honey is largely from the scrub palmetto. At Oak Hill, Capt. T. M. Adams has 120 colonies, and is one of the oldest bee-keepers in this portion of the State. He has a lovely and beautiful vineyard of the native gr;ipe, and the writer was entertained royally. Mr. Adams does not consider the ant any greater drawback to bee-culture than the wax- moth. This section from New Smyrna about 20 miles running along the coast, covers the largest percentage of bee-keepers in the State. A pest, very destructive to apiculture is found along the coasts, in the shape, of a big red ant, which, unless watched very carefully, will destroy whole colonies of bees and take off their stores. They operate by biting the wings of the bees, very often so annoying them that they will swarm out at any and all times, as well as carry away all the honey. They are nocturnal in their habits, and, if watched very carefully at night, they can be traced to their nests and destroyed. The apiarist, by going through the apiary at night and listening for a few seconds at each hive, can detect their presence by a peculiar noise and can trace them to their nests, which are generally under the dead wood. By going around every two weeks, except in mid-summer, in this way, they can be kept in check. The black ant is also of the same nature, but is not so prevalent on the coast as it is inland. The mosquitoes are also quite a drawback to apiculture, especially in this section of the State. In summer time they become so thick that it is almost impossible to work out-doors, and people are compelled to leave their work and go and find shelter behind netting. Quite a detriment to the honey in this section is its fer- menting so easily, when taken from the barrels. The men say that damp weather is largely the cause of it when the bees are bringing in the honey. The writer is of the opinion, that largely the trouble lies in extracting before the cells are capped. This may be largely overcome, they tell me, by put- ting the honey in very large narrow tanks and letting it stand several days, drawing it from the bottom. Quite a few of the bee-men have made mistakes by ship- ping their honey in whiskey barrels. Oak staves will not answer to ship honey in, as the staves contract and the honey leaks out, but it needs a soft wood like cypress. A firm of Columbia, Ga., make a riff stave barrel, which is one of the best barrels for shipping honey. On leaving here, one rides a distance of about -40 miles in the cars and comes to the Indian River, so celebrated through- out the world. At this point, Titusville, the river is very wide, fully 3 miles or over at some points. Mr. J. L. Nail, a few miles south at Cocoa, Fla., has 30 colonies, but our poor brother has been confined to his bed for nearly a year with inflammatory rheumatism, and has not had any chance to attend to his apiary. After leaving here, one gets into the deep sands of the Indian river coast, where it is too hot to raise oranges success- fully, and where the sands are too deep to employ horses for 1896. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 185 either cultivation or driving use. Here is where the pine- apple belt commences and extends south to a point about 400 miles south of Jacksonville. Jupiter Narrows — a narrow point in the river where the mangrove grows in large abundance — is where Mr. King's apiary is located, who produces large quantities of mangrove honey. At Potsdam, where the St. Lucie empties into the Indian river, is where the celebrated Mr. Poppleton has his apiary, about a mile back from the post-otBce. The writer spent a very pleasant time with this brother, and cannot say enough in praise of his entertainment and his nicely-arranged apiary. Mr. Poppleton is the only one in South Florida who runs entirely a one-story hive for extracting honey, containing 2o frames, same shape as the Langstroth, but not so large. His hives have a curious look, and his apiary presents a unique appearance. At West Palm Beach, the extreme southern terminus of the East Coast railroad, is where Dr. Henry Stites has his apiary. He has made a complete study of climatic conditions and claims this point one of the most healthy in the United States, having traveled all over this country in the employ of the Government and has written up much about the healthful situations of our country. Wallace R. Moses, an amateur bee-keeper, is also located here. In taking a sail on Lake Worth — a long lake running for many miles along the coast, divided only from the coast by a small peninsula — you come to the apiary of Mr. M. E. Spencer. While the writer was in his apiary in December, the bees were gathering honey from the Spanish-needle and the cocoanut- palm, as well as the wild pennyroyal. Mr. Saunders, at Man- gouia, further up the lake, is a successful bee-keeper of this section. On going back across the State, one has to traverse for nearly 200 miles the same road. The next point of interest was the apiary of Mr. C. H. Longstreet, at Mount Dora, in the south central part of the State, who takes his bees to New Smyrna every spring and brings them back here in the fall. Mr. Longstreet has been in the bee-business in a good many parts and claims this section one of the best parts of the State. His view of the surrounding country and the little lakes, dotting the view in every direction, forms a beautiful landscape. Mr. Longstreet'sson also assists him in his apiary. The dragon-fly and the mosquito-hawk are quite a draw- back to queen-rearing, and are also destructive to new swarms. They fly down on the queens when they are out for their wedding flight and destroy them, and the unsuspecting apiarist does not discover the loss until he finds the bees in his hives all dying out. In extracting honey, the frames should always be put under the brood-nest, raising the first story and allowing the bees to enter in through the frames. This will protect them from the moth better than placing them over the brood-nest. Another odd device practiced successfully by the apiarists of this State is a box 14 inches long, 8 inches wide, and 4 inches deep, placed on the end of a pole, placing in it a queen with a handful of bees and hanging it out every day during the swarming season. Clipping the queen's wings throughout the apiary, the bees in coming out to swarm will cluster around this box, sometimes hanging in immense clusters 7 or 8 swarms together. The apiarist, going through the apiary and looking in the grass, destroys the queen, and forms one new immense swarm from those around and in the box. In going west from this point, Tampa City is a very fine place on the west coast. Across Tampa Bay, at St. Peters- burg, is Charles Norman's apiary of 50 colonies, and Dr. G. W. Kennedy, the postmaster, also has a few. These are about all that are located in this section. At Key West, a little over a day's ride south of Tampa City, on the Havana Land, is located the apiary of Mr. Moonger. He has no opposition as Key West is surrounded by the Gulf, and he has no trouble with the bees absconding. He secures quite a large quantity of mangrove and other honeys. In going north from here, along the west coast, Mr. Plunkett, of Gainesville, Fla., has a large apiary which might be described, but space will not permit. Philadelphia. Pa. Making Shingle Roofs for Bee-Hives. BY H. PEAKSON. I do not know but I may be the first one who has made ■such a roof as I will describe, and as it is a good one I want the bee-keepers to have it, should they so desire. I saw a similar shaped root covered with inch boards, but it was too heavy to be handy, so I made 30 shingle roofs in the fall of 1893 ; I have tested them since, and I think they are the best roof now in use — a fine shelter when the rain pours, and a fine shade when the sun shines hot, light to handle, and pack up snug when not in use. I showed my roof to one bee- keeper, and he made 200 like it soon after. Others may want to know how to make it also, so I will give the directions for making it, as well as I can, and hope many will enjoy using my shingle roof on bee-hives. Take a piece of timber 2)i feet long by two inches square, which is for the ridge of the roof, upon which nail shingles as follows : Use IS-inch cedar shingles and three-penny wire nails will do. Nail one course of shingle upon the ridge- piece, laying the butts of the shingles even with the side towards you, then lay another course on the same side, but reverse the shingles, laying the thin end towards you, letting it project over the butt of the under course 1)4 inches, break joints good, and nail well into the ridge-piece. It is well to draw a pencil mark to lay the butts of the second course of shingles by. Now take a piece of lath 2% feet long, place it under the shingle parallel with the ridge-piece one inch towards you from the butt of the last course laid. Now nail through into the lath, driving the nails snug into the bench on which you work, then with a chisel pry the roof up, turn it over, clinch the nails, saw off the tips of the shingles at each end, thus couipletiag one side of the roof. As you stand facing the bench, take hold of the roof at the ridge-piece, lift it from the bench with the shingle side towards you, the eave hanging down ; lay the ridgepiece on the edge of the bench with the shingle down by the side of it. Now lay on another course of shingles with the butts towards you even, covering the ends of the two courses which were sawed oft; then lay another course with the tip of shingle towards you, as before ; finish with a lath under the eave, saw off the tips at each end, and the roof is nearly complete. Put on top two weather-strips (use lath), nail them well, thus finishing the roof. If these directions can be fairly understood, I will feel paid for my trouble. Natural Dam, N. Y. ^♦« A Comment On a Florida Article. BY J. D. COLES. I read with much interest Mr. W. A. Selser's article on page 67, and I consider it the most honest article ever written about Florida. I feel that it is worth the price of a year's subscription to the " Old Reliable," which makes me feel as if I have missed many good things by not being a subscriber sooner. In November, 1885, being compelled to go to Florida on account of bronchial trouble, I slung a nucleus colony over my shoulder by a grip-strap, and I located near Lakeland, Polk Co., Fla. About Jan. 9th, 10th and 11th, I think, the cold snap Mr. Selser speaks of occurring in 1886, froze the oranges on the trees and seriously injured the young trees — bananas, etc. In February, I left Polk County forTampa, Hillsboro County, in quest of the mangrove. I found the Gulf coast lined with mangrove but killed by the cold to the roots. I found acres of keys (islands) covered with nothing but mangrove. I went down the coast as far as Sarasota, but found no bee- keepers there except old natives (called " crackers ") using the bee-gum, and who got their surplus money by knocking the top off of the hive and digging out the honey from top of the hive. I did not see a box set on top of any of the hives to get the surplus. In fact, the crackers were loth to use any but the most primitive mode, I thought. In Mr. Selser's article, he speaks of saw palmetto 6 to 8 feet high ; yes, and on the Gulf coast I saw it 8 to 10 feet high. I would like to explain the saw palmetto to those who may not know the difference from the cabbage palmeto. The cab- bage palmetto is a noble looking tree, viewed from the dis- tance ; straight as an arrow, from 40 to 60 feet before there is a leaf or branch. In fact, it has no branches, but leaves grow out of the body of the tree, forming a sphere not unlike a cabbage head on a long stalk. The saw palmetto grows from roots, not unlike calamus roots, some of them as thick as a man's thigh. Now, Mr. Selser did you or the printer make the mistake, that New Smyrna is on Hillsboro river? I found Tampa, in Hillsboro county, on the Hillsboro river, emptying in Hills- boro bay, emptying into Tampa bay, emptying into the Gulf of Mexico. Or am I mistaken, and are there two Hillsboro rivers in the piney woods of sunny land ? Woodstown, N. J. 186 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 21, CONDUCTED BY JOR. C. C. MIT^LER, AIARE^^GO, ILl^. IQuestlons may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct.! When to Get Bees by the Pound. What month would be the best to buy bees by the pound ? Does it pay to get them early and feed on drawn-out combs, or wait until the bees are Rathering honey ? H. S. J. Answer.— Probably you will do best not to get them till bees get fairly to work gathering, say in fruit-bloom. The 8-Frame Hive and a Queen's Laying Capacity. When a queen lays on an average of 8,000 eggs per day during the busy season (as I have seen stated in the Bee Jour- nal), how does she find room enongh in an 8-frame hive of the standard size to keep her busy the 21 days? What does she do with the surplus ? Maybe I ought to have her lay in my hand, like Mrs. Atchley does. Wisconsin. Answer.— Now, look here, if you don't stop asking "sassy " questions, I'll come up to Wisconsin and see to you. Let's see. If we figure 3,000 a day for 21 days, and have 8 frames in a hive, that will make about 160 square inches in each frame to be tilled with eggs. But there are not more than about 140 inches in a comb, so a queen can't keep up the 3,000 even if she wants to. 1 suspect some queens might keep up to that mark, and being cramped for room must limit the number. Others would have room enough in the 8 frames. There is a very ssrious side to the matter if, as some one has suggested, the repression of the laying has an injuri- ous effect on the queen herself. More light on the matter is desirable. Distance Bees Go for Honey. How far will bees successfully gather honey? I think I once saw in the Canadian Bee Journal that bees had been known to gather buckwheat honey nine miles from the apiary, but I could not believe it. There is an abundance of pasture four miles from here, but can my bees get at it ? Victoria, B. C. E. L. E. Answer. — I think it has been pretty well authenticated that bees have gone nine miles to gather, but whether profit- ably is quite another thing. If there is no pasture nearer, I think your bees will go the four miles, and if some rapid yielder like linden is there they may profit considerably by it. Feeding- Colonies Short of Stores. I have 3 colonies of bees that are short of stores. How will It do to take the outside frame and fill it full of syrup and set it back? Will it do any harm to the bees? I have 19 colonies, and 16 are all right and in fine condition. We are having a blizzard to-day. J. V. E. Lebanon, Ind., March 4. Answer.- As late in the spring as this, it will work all right. You can feed almost anything but poison to bees when they have a chance to fly every few days. ftueen and Extracted Honey Questions. 1. On Aug. 10, 1894, I received three untested queens from a reliable queen-breeder of this State. In introducing them, two were balled, but were soon liberated again. Then at the second trial they were received all right. Now, one of those queens never laid an egg, as I could find, although she appeared strong and vigorous in every way, and was almost solid yellow; and although 1 gave the colony eggs and brood at various times, they never attempted to rear another queen. If she should live through the winter, is she likely to beany good in the spring ? 2. About Aug. 10 I commenced extracting buckwheat honey, and continued for nearly a month, or until Sept. 5. The first extracting kept liquid until after the last extracted was candied solid. What could have been the difference, as none was extracted until the bees had commenced sealing the the cells ? G. p. Rosemount, Minn. Answers.— 1. No one can tell till spring. She may be all right, and she may be worthless. 2. The difference is in the honey itself. Some honey candies as soon as extracted, and some never candies. Camiolans Compared With Italians. 1. Are the gray Carniclan bees hardier and better to win- ter than Italian bees? 2. Are they as gentle as the Italian bees? 3. Do they gather as much honey? 4. Do they swarm much? 5. Are they as large and beautiful as Italians? P. W. Answers. — 1. About the same. 2. Some are cross, but in general I think they are gentler than Italians. 3. Probably about the same. 4. They have the reputation of being great swarmers. 5. At first sight you'd probably call them common black bees, and possibly at last sight. Tin or Galvanized Iron for Honey-Tanks. Which is best for extractors and honey-tanks, tin or gal- vanized iron ? What is the objection to galvanized iron ? E. C. B. Answer. — For extractors, tin is generally used, I think, probably because lighter. For tanks, galvanized iron is much used. Last year the question of danger from galvanized iron was thoroughly discussed in Gleanings, the publishers going to the pains of having an analysis of honey made after being a long time stored in galvanized iron. The general outcome seemed to be that it was quite safe, although cases were re- ported in which thin sour honey had apparently a bad result. For decent honey it's probably all right. A Question on Supering. In working for comb honey, what advantage is their in lifting the partly-filled super and putting the empty super underneath? Why not put the empty super on top, and have less partly-filled sections at the close of the honey season ? J. A. E. AN.SWER. — Bees commence work sooner if the empty super is put under. But toward the last of the season, when you think its doubtful if they will do much more, then put the empty super on top. Feeding Bees — Sugar for Best Bee-Food. 1. Is it a good plan to have open feeders off a few paces from the hives, and let all the bees go to it on warm days, when they are flying about? 2. What sugar makes the best food for bees ? 8. When should a person feed — early in the spring before the first honey-flow, or after honey begins to be gathered ? J. J. W. Answers. — 1. That's practiced by some, but I think not as much as formerly. One objection is that you're feeding your neighbors' bees as well as your own. Another is, that the strong colonies get the lion's share, but I don't know that there's any great harm in that if there is plenty for all. ^:_3 2. Granulated is generally used. 3. Unless bees are short of stores, it's perhaps best not to feed until they commence to gather, and then only when the flowers don't yield enough. Keeping Queens— Selling Extracted and Comb Honey. 1. How are queens teared and fcept for sale or use? I have read several bee-books, and they do not tell how to keep them ? 2. I have 50 colonies now, and would like to know if you think I can sell extracted honey as well as if in the comb. I have some trouble in selling my comb honey even at 9 or 10 cents. Would you advise nie to buy an extractor, or is ex- tracted honey more dilBcult to sell than comb? I am iving 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 187 here in this out-of-the-way place, and nevei" saw a bee-paper till 1895, and now I think I would not keep bees without it. Stephen's City, Va. W. 11. H. Answers. — 1. Queens are generally kept in nuclei, a nucleus being nothing more or less than a small colony. The nucleus may have small frames, but of tener frames of full size are used. A queen may be kept a month or more in a cage with 10 or 20 workers. 2. As a general rule, comb honey will sell more readily than extracted, at least comb usually sells for the higher price. It is quite possible, however, that in your place you might be able to sell the extracted for as much as the comb. I'm just a little afraid that your comb honey isn't in the best shape, and if it's such a dauby mess as is sometimes seen, a good article of extracted honey nicely put up in glass or tin might easily outsell it. Nice white section honey, however, ought not to go begging for purchasers. Black Gum — Extracting — Starters in Wired Frames. 1. Does black gum produce honey to any amount ? If so, what color? 2. Can you extract from brood-frames 14x103^ without their being injured if not wired ? 3. Can you use starters in wired frames so the bees will make straight combs ? W. C. K. Answers. — 1. Black gum is considered a good honey-plant in the South, but I don't know anything about the color. Perhaps some one will tell us about it. 2. Yes, only you must be very careful with them when they're new. If a comb is quite heavy with honey, turn slowly till that side is half emptied, then reverse your comb, turn slowly till that side is half emptied, then increase your speed suiificiently to empty the rest, then reverse again and finish the side you did first. 3. 1 think I've read something of the kind, but in the few cases in which my bees were asked to do it they didn't make a success of it. I wouldn't advise it. Slice in Bee-Hives — Sweet Clover. 1. How long will mice live in a hive without water, if they were closed in with wire-screen ? Would they die of thirst. 2. Will sweet clover grow in a wood lot where there are not many trees, and plenty of marsh grass ? Does it make good pasture for stock ? F. E. G. Racy, Mich. Answers — 1. I never tried it, but I don't believe they'd die of thirst. There's generally moisture on the walls of the hive, also in the honey. 2. I think it will grow there all right. It doesn't seem to be much relished by stock till they get accustomed to it, but a good many report success after stock are used to it. I have no trouble in getting stock to eat the dry hay. Lately I saw one place mentioned where cattle preferred sweet clover to Alsike, when both were in the same field. Putting Bees Out for a Flight. What is the result of taking bees affected with diarrhea out of the cellar for a flight at this time of the year, if the weather is warm ? How warm should it be ? Is there any better way to treat them ? E. M. H. Kilbouru City, Wis. Answer. — If they're not very bad, I should rather let them stick it out till weather comes for them to say out. But if very bad, it may do to take them out in bright sunshine with no wind when the thermometer gets up to 50'^ in the shade. They will fly out at a lower temperature, but they may not always get back. You may do a lot of good by seeing to the air of the cellar. If the thermometer in the cellar shows above id-', you can at night let in outside air enough to bring it down to 40^, and this will give them fresh air — a thing that may be much needed. If a warm night comes, open wide all the windows and doors of the cellar, and although at first they may roar and run all over the hives, by morning they will be quiet. Possibly you can leave the cellar open the next day, but keep watch, and if the bees begin to fly from the hives darken up again. CONDUCTED BY MRS. JBffKIB ATCIILEY, BEEVIKLE, TEX. Tile Carniolan Bees. Mrs. Atchley : — Will you please tell me what kind of bees Carniolans are ? How do they differ from other bees ? Pike, Texas. J. M. Jeffcoat. Friend J., I have just described the Carniolan bees for another bee-keeper, in the American Bee Journal, and I trust you have read it ere this. Carniolans are a dark gray bee, stick to their combs like Italians, and unless you were ac- quainted with them you would likely pronounce them blacks, but they have hardly any of the traits of the blacks. They are usually very gentle, good honey-gatherers, and build up very fast. ^ I m Facing the Hives Differently. Mrs. Atchley: — Last year was my first to keep bees. I have 88 colonies, and they had plenty of honey to winter on. The hives I got with the bees are the old-time Simplicity, with the wire-end frames, and I am doing away with them as fast as I can. The new hives I am using are of my own get up, and I think it just as good as the dovetailed hive. I also make a closed end-bar that I like much better than the wire end- bars. We have plenty of linden here iu reach of the bees, though it did no good last season. My hives face the east, and I want them to face the souih, so I can have a better view of them from the honey-house and work-shop. At what time of the year would it be best to turn them half around ? And how much at a time ? Last season was a very poor one here for honey, caused by the cold spell last March, and drouth in summer. My bee-yard is on a gentle rise, and open all around in a grove of pines. I intend to make it just as pretty as a park, with one more year's work. J. W. Burrows. Smithton, Ark. Friend Burrows, I would turn the hives K the way around at first, and then in a few days turn the other Ji. This done when the bees are flying will cause but little trouble or incon- venience to the bees. Why do you want them to face all one way ? I have my hives face in almost all directions, and like it better, but if you have your hives a good distance apart, it will be all right to have them face all one way. Using Foul-Broody Hives. Mrs. Atchley : — One year ago I bought 11 colonies, and also a lot of hives that had been vacated, as I was told, by the bees dying of starvation, and by uniting for winter. vSome of these had nice combs, and when I undertook to divide a colony later in the season, I gave each one (the parent colony and the swarm) several of these empty combs. I find now that the bees died from foul brood, and in my ignorance I used all the rest of the empty combs, spreading the disease. I had a gift of all the hives and fixtures of a fine apiary, and on examination I found that these bees had also been ex- terminated by the plague. To-day (Jan. 21)1 have only one colony left, and I suppose they are infected also. Now, can I do anythiug to those hives, to rid them of the disease and make it safe to put another colony into them ? Please tell me in your reply what you think would be ad- visable under the circumstances, where one is not able to destroy the hives and replace by new ones unless it is abso- lutely necessary. I intend to keep bees if it is possible, and as I have the hives all painted and fixed in fine shape, I feel some- what anxious to discover what others would do in the case. Weston, Ohio. N. T. Smith. Friend Smith, I think you will be perfectly safe in using your hives if you will let them remain exposed to freezing weather, then scald them well and paint the inside as well as the outside ; also scald the frames well after they have been thoroughly scraped. I would feel safe in using the hives after such treatment. I tell you, it was bad luck to you, sure enough, when you accepted that gift. I would destroy that remaining colony and start anew. 188 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 21, PUBLISHED WEEKLY I!V GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, 5G IPiftU Avenue, - CHICAGO, II^I.. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. [Entered at'the PoBt-Office at ChicaKo as Second-Class Mail-Matter.] OE30K,C3-B -W. "yOR/IC, EDITOR. Assisted by the following Department Editors : Dr. C. C. Miller Mrs. Jennie Atchlet "Gleaner" "Bee-Master" Dr. F. L. Peiro Rev. Emerson T. Abbott "Questions and Answers." "The Sunny Southland." "Among the Bee-Papers." "Canadian Beedom," " Doctor's Hints." "Notes and Comments." Vol. fflV. CHICAGO, ILL, MAR, 21, 1895, No, 12. Editorial Budgets Florida. — Those interested in Florida will find several contributed articles in this number of the Bee Journal, on bee- keeping in that region. Mr. Selser, on page 184, and Mrs. Harison, page 182, tell some of their personal observations in the sunny " Land of Flowers." mixed Journalism is the subject of an editorial in Gleanings for March 1. Editor Root says : "The fact seems to be, that in spite of certain criticisms that seem to break out here and there, the bee-papers that adhere strictly to the subject of bees, do not enjoy the circulation of those that have added subjects foreign to bee-keeping." Then further on In the same editorial Mr. Root remarks, in referring to Gleanings publishing so much religious and gardening matter : " It they [subscribers] do not like those subjects they do not need to read them, or even take the jour- nal [GleaningsJ at all, for there are very excellent bee-papers that confine themselves strictly to bees." But, after all, the bee-matter alone in any of the bee- papers is worth many times the annual subscription price asked. The great trouble is that so many of the so-called bee-folks don't read any bee-paper at all. The " know it all " apiarists will never know how little they know till they begin to read. But then, "Where ignorance is bliss," etc. However, every enlightened bee-keeper should strive to spread apicultural knowledge as widely as possible. The Postponed ChicasTO IWeeting.— I have received the following letter from Jas. A. Stone, Secretary of the Illinois Stale Bee-Keepers' Association, which explains itself: Bradforuton, III., March 7, 1895. Dear Bko. York :— As I do not get the Review, I knew nothing of what was said in it regarding the omission of our Chicago meeting of the bee-keepers last fall— except what Gleaner gave on page 121 — until I received a copy of the Review from Mr. Hutchinson, and a letter from him enclosing one from my Friend Robbins, of Mechanicsburg, 111., defend- ing us (thanks to Robbins) for not having the meeting. We were in correspondence with some of our Chicago friends all last summer, and had them on the lookout for some occasion when railroad rates would be given so we could hold the meeting and have a good, long time to advertise. We did not want to have another meeting, and because of a failure to get the required hundred, lose our reduced rates, as we have done on one occasion at Springfield, when they required 250 in attendance to get the rates. As no opportunity of this kind was in sight, and it was getting late, one of our northern friends suggested, as the sea- son had been so poor, and times hard, that we postpone it for that year, and, all who could, scrape their cash together and attend the St. Joseph meeting of the North American. The matter was presented at the Springfield meeting, and a long discussion on the same followed, and it was not fully decided not to have it, if the way was clear ; and if our northern brethren wanted it, it should be held. As all held their peace, we naturally supposed the poor honey-year had caused them to lose their faith in their pursuit, and your Sec- retary has been a little disheartened at times, for what he thought seemed to be a lack of interest on the part of bee- keepers. But now he is thankful that this thing has occurred, and for the agitation it has caused, for he is more assured than ever of a deep interest among bee-keepers. Our Springfield meeting is set for Nov. 19 and 20, 1895, on account of the meeting of the Odd Fellows at that date, when standing railroad rates are given to all. But we may change that, when we find what date the State Board of Agri- culture fixes the Fat Stock Show, at Chicago, and have the Chicago meeting in November, and the Springfield meeting in January, 189(i, when the Illinois Live Stock Breeders' Asso- ciation meets. We will give notice at the earliest possible date. Jas. a. Stone, Sec. Under the existing circumstances, I believe the Executive Committee af the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association did the right thing in omitting the meeting in Chicago last fall, but of course the omission need not occur again, unless it be again thought best. Mr. Stone's explanation is quite full, and doubtless will satisfactorily answer all who wished to know the whys and the wherefores about it. In this connection, I may say that there has lately been some hint of renewing the old, or starting a new. Northwest- ern Bee-Keepers' Society, which in years gone by held such a successful meeting here in Chicago every fall. If it can be done, so as not to interfere with the workings of the Illinois State Association, I am in favor of it. If it might be possible to hold the State convention in Chicago in the Spring, it would then not interfere to hold the Northwestern in the fall. I wonder if some such arrangement could be made. Suppose those who are interested in the proposed reviving of the Northwestern, just write what they think of it, and then opinions can be compared. The American Bee Journal would not urge or hinder any plans, but only wishes to help in whatever Is thought best by the majority. ABC of Bee-Culture.— This is the fine cyclopedia of bee-keeping by A. I. Root, containing 400 pages and nearly 200 engravings. The regular price is $1.25, postpaid, but until April 20 we make the following very liberal club- bing offers on this book : The American Bee Journal one year and the "ABC" bound in cloth — both for only .SI. 80 ; or the parchment cover (very heavy paper) "ABC" and the American Bee Journal one year — both together only $1.50. Remember, April 20 is the limit on these offers. Better order at once if you want a copy of this excellent bee-book. Mr. R. B. L,^ American Bee Jotmuil Promptness is What Counts ! Honey - Jars, Shipping - Cases, and ev- ] ery thing that bee-keepers use. Boot's (iloods at Boot's erU^es, and the best shipping point in the country. Dealer in Honey and Beeswax. Cata- !,°6rJa"I:Ave.WalterS. Ponder INDIANAPOLIS, IND. Mention the American BeeJoumai. ■linunor33fi ^lv^^Mu^y oiif Hojjto/tf ONI •a^^IASNVAa eve 'aaAaIfiKa^[^VAl '3 r Sq paqsiiqn J saaqouax oishk oj uoijonpaH 'Pindisod B^nao Of- saSJd 'Sans aaAajaqai 'Jiq « sasiujn -»VOS ZX1VAV V— iisaivn SHX auw3H noA savh THE A. I. ROOT COS GOODS IN MISSOURI :i2-page Catalogue Free. 4Atf John Nebel & Son, HIgta Hill, Mo. WHEN ANSWERING THIS ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAL. Wants or Excliajiges. This department is only for your " Wants" or bona-flde " Exchanges," and such will be inserted here at lO i-eiils u Hue for each time, when specially ordered Into this depart- ment. Exchanges lor cash or for price-lists, or notices offering articles for sale, will not be Inserted here— such belong in the regular advertising columns, at regular rates. WANTED— 25 to 100 Hives of Bees. Who canturnlsh thtm the cheapest? I will give in exchange for bee - hive machinery. Queens bred from a straight .'j-banded breeder valued at $50, or from best Imported stock. Address, H. G. QUIKIN, 12A3t Bellevue, Ohio. bees I will not vouch tor my neighbor's blacks, as I tried to hive a swarm last sum- mer, and they got too hot, and I gave up the job. With my own bees I scarcely get stung by either blacks or Italians. I handle bees without veil or gloves, and got stung only once last summer, except by a Carnio- lan colony. I have tried only one colony of Carnio- lans, which proved to be the Grossest bees I ever met. They used more propolis (prop- olis and wax mixed) than any bees I ever tried, but their honey rivaled that or the blacks in whiteness, and they seemed to store equally as well; but I can't put up with their sting. However, I shall try others by way of experiment. Last year white clover failed. It was cold and wet. Basswood failed entirely from some unknown cause; however, I secured 40V pounds per colony, spring count, principally from sourwood. In 1893 1 secured 77 pounds per colony, spring count, and if I had had the bees in the same con- dition then as last year, I might easily have secured 100 pounds instead. I have a nice patch of alfalfa, Alsike and melilot, sown last season, which I am watching with considerable interest. I ex- pect to experiment with other honey-secret- ing plants, and would like to hear from those who have done so. through the col- umns of the " Old Reliable." 1 have never lost a queen in introduction. I use the Miller cage. G. H. Alle.n. Glen Wilton, Va., Feb. 2. Scarlet or Crimson Clover. I sowed one acre about Sept. 1.5, 1804. I sowed it broadcast in the cornfield, and then I cut a brush and hitched a horse to it, and went once in a row. A prettier stand of clover never was seen. I sowed 10 pounds to the acre. I don't see anything to hinder it from going through the winter, for it looks so nice and green. It was recom- mended highly to me for bee-pasture. I send the editor a sample of the seed. Forestville, Ind. J- M. K. [Thank you. Mr. K., for the sample of seed, which came all right. As I expected Dr. Miller a few days after the seed came, I decided to keep it and hand it to him, which I did. He will plant it, and then likely report on it.— The Editor.] them but a few times (perhaps a half dozen) until I purchased my colony (August, 1893) , which cost me -SIO delivered at my home. I had never seen a queen until then, nor read or heard of a bee-paper. How foolish and ignorant some people are. But I suppose we all live and learn. My father has kept from three to five col- onies of blacks in the old-fashioned hol- lowed-out-log hive for several years, and I never gave them the first look or thought, only to "Steal" a little of their sweets in the honey-flow. Jim J. Webb. Mayking, Ky., Feb. 18. A Good Lesson Learned. Last year was a total failure here, as far as honey was concerned. All our bees had to be fed sugar for winter stores, but they are wintering finely, and we hope for a better time the coming season. One lesson 1 think I learned. Had the bees been fed when the hot, dry wind killed everything on which they could work, so brood-rear- ing would not have stopped, they would have been in condition to gather the little honey which came in September but only lasted for a few days. Had they been yerii .ilniiii; they might have gathered enough for themselves, at least, and perhaps a lit- tle for me also. Mrs. A. L. Hallenbeck. Millard, Nebr., Feb. IS. Bee-Keeping in Alabama. I sold my bees at Brothertown, Wis., last fall, and came here to try the Sunny South, which, by the way. is covered with about 4 inches of snow this morning. We have had pretty good winter weather since Feb. b. for this country. I bought 10 colonies of bees in January, in gums (boxes made of pine plank and chincked up with mud) ; they cost me .«13.20 for the lot. delivered. Mv bee-yard does not look very fine at pres- ent, but in time I expect to see what can be done here. Bees were bringing in pollen last month. J- H. Haight. Fruitdale, Ala., Feb. 15. Success of a Beginner. I had only one colony of bees, spring count, and increased to six. All seem to be in good condition to go through the win- ter. I am just making a start with bees, and delight in the work more than any- thing that 1 have ever come in contact with. 1 am now 21 years of age, a farmer's son, and have taught about 2.5 months in the last four years of my life, in the free schools. I manufactured my own hives, frames, etc., and delight in doing my own work. The Italian bees are strange little ani- mals in this section of country. In fact, two years ago they were not heard of here, to my knowledge, and 1 had not heard of Early Brood-Rearing. To-day (Feb. U) is the first fair day after the blizzard, so I took a walk through the bee-yard, and I noticed some with their hive-entrance nearly closed up. So I got a bent wire that I keep for cleaning en- trances, and while doing this 1 noticed some young bees, fully developed. In order that the readers of the Bee Journal may know that I ain not telling a story, 1 got two of those that were not much broken to pieces by scraping them out through the entrance, and I have sent them to the editor. This is the first that ever came to my notice at this time of the year. I got them from two dif- ferent hives. The bees are on the summer stands, and they have had no flight since the third week of December. 1S94. Easton, Pa. John Bebkey, [It is nothing very unusual for bees to have a little patch of brood in their hives in February, but it is not considered the most desirable thing.— The Editor.] A Splendid Report. My daughter and I are novices in bee- keeping. A year ago last April we com- menced with two colonies, which were shipped from Colorado, and were very weak when received; however, we in- creased to five colonies, and secured '.^5 pounds of comb honey that season. We brought the five colonies through the fol- lowing winter (1893-94) all right in packed hives. The first swarm came out on May (J, and went off to the timber. However, we increased to 19 colonies, and had 1,118 pounds of comb honey. We had one swarm come out on June '29. We put it into an 8- f rame dovetailed hive, and they about filled it the next day. We put on a super the second week after. We had three supers on it, and kept three on all through the season, and we took from it 234 pounds of comb honey, and they had enough left to carry them through the winter. We have our colonies all packed, and the bees fiy nearly every day. T. R. Jones. Watrous, New Mex., Feb. 5. RUDY'S PILE SUPPOSITORY Is guaranteed to cure Piles and Constipation, or money refunded. .50 cents per box. bend two stamps for circular and free Sample to MAKTIN RUDY. Registered Pharmacist, Lan- caster, Pa. No PosTAi.s ANSWERED. For sale bv all flrst-class druggists everywhere. Peter Van Sehaack & Sons. Kobt. Stevenson & Co., Morrison. Pluramer & Co., and Lord, Owen & Co.. Wholesale Agents, Chicago, Ills. Please mention the Bee Journal. Novlo 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 193 , Wfrtt-traft ftrtUI eiNOHAM Bee Smoker 16 Years Best on Eartli^ 5 Sizes, from 40 cts. to $1.50 eacb per Expr.. or by mail 50c. to $1.75. I Bingliani Smokers 'i ami Honey-Knives By mail or Dozen. E^ Kept in stocli at low prices, by _^J Harper Reynolds Co., Los Ang-eles, Calif. Leahy Mfp. Co., Hig-glnsville, Mo. Miller «fe IHinliam, Topeka, Kans. Chas. Dadaut \- Son, Hamilton, 111. Thomas G. Newman, 147 S. Western Ave., Chicago, 111. James Heddon, Dowaglac, Mich. Hon. fJeo. E Hilton. Fremont, Mich. A. I. Hoot Co.. Medina, Ohio. W. T. Kaleoner Mfff. Co. Jamestown, N. Y. I. J. Strinsrhara. 105 Park Place, New Fork. W. W. Cary, Golerain, Mass. ^~ Send card for Illustrations and Prices. T. F. BINOHAni,Abronia, Mich. 12A Mtnltcm tlie American Bee Journat. J^mwicidl A Remarka't>le Book. It has 160 pages, containing 73 illustrations. It is a book for everybody who desires to see the facts about Finance and Currency. Read it if you want to know all about Gold, and Silver, and Currency, and what causes Hard Times. It is a book for the people and will give them more correct information about these subjects than will be found in any po- litical economy book. Any one can under- stand it. Every one who votes should read it. Price, postpaid, 25 cts.; or clubbed with the Bee Journal one year— both for $1.15; or giv- en as a premium for sending us one New Sub- scriber to the Bee Journal lor 1 year at $1.00. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS (EW PROOENS— EW JMCIIISERV EW PKODUCT— Patents Pending On ; in the manufacture of COMB FOUNDATION. Kesult^Lowest Prices and Best Work. Wax Wanted. Price-List and Samples Free. W.J. Finch,Jr.,Springfield, 111 fi.nno COMBS OrsKAI^ED BKOODrorSale after April loth. 1 want a practical young man, with $1500 cash, as partner imm( dlately. I want to handle Supplies tor the South. I want to supply the demand for Bees. I have a three years' established business supplying this city with Honey, that defies competition. I am a practical man and apiarist. Answer im- mediately. The first suitable man will have a good thing. H. C. AHLERS, 47 Broad St., NEW ORLEANS, LA. Mention the American Bee Journal, Honey & Beeswax Market Quotations. CHICAGO, III., Mar. 4.— The demand for both comb and extracted honey the last two weeks equaled any like period during the present season, and our market is compara- tively bare. We attribute this to the contin- ued cold weather. We advise any one holding honey to ship now while there is good demand. There is a great deal of inquiry for California extracted — more than usual We quote: White comb, 14@15c. ; extracted, 5@7c. Beeswax, 26@28c. J. A. L. CHICAGO, III., Mar, 7.— During the past two weeks a good movement has been felt in the market. Sales have been in small lots, but quite frequent. We quote: White comb of the highest grade, 14c.: off in color, 1,3® 13^0. ; yellow, 10@llc : dark, 7@9c, Ex- tracted, 5H® 7c.— the higher price for white in 60-lb. cans. Beeswax, 28@30c. R. A.B. &Co. KANSAS CITV. Mo., Mar. 14.— Demand is fair for comb and extracted. We quote: No. 1 white, 1-lbs.. 14@]5c.; No. 2white,12@13o,; No. 1 amber, ll@12c.; No. 2 amber, 10®llc. Extracted, 4i4@6'4c. Beeswax, 22@25c. C. C. C. & Co. CINCINNATI. O.. Mar. 11.— Demand is slow for extracted and comb honey, with a fair supply. We quote: Comb honey, 14@16c. for best white. We have no use for dark comb. Extracted, 4@7c. Beeswax is in good demand at 25@28c. for good to choice yellow. C. F. M. & S. PHILADELPHIA, PA., Feb. 15. — Comb honey Is very plenty and slow of sale at 12® I3c. Extracted in fair demand at 5@6i4c. Beeswax scarce at 30@31c. W. A. S. NEW YORK, N. Y.. Feb. 20.— We are gradu- ally working down our stock of comb honey, and the indications are that we will succeed in disposingot all of the white honey and pos- sibly all of the dark during the spring, at fol- lowing quotations: Fancy white. 1-lbs., 12c.: fair, 10c. ; buckwheat, 8@9c. The market is well supplied with extracted honey. Demand is fair for choice grades, while common stock is neglected. We quote: White clover and basswood, 5i4@6c.; buckwheat, 5@5V4c ; Southern, 45®55c. per gallon, according to quality. Beeswax firm and in good demand at30®31c. H. B, &S. BUFFALO, N. Y., Mar. 16.— The honey mar- ket is getting quite well cleaned up here. We quote: Fancy, 13@14c.; choice, ll@12c.; buckwheat and commoner grades, 7@8c. Ex- tracted is in very light demand here, and we would not advise shipments. B. & Co. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers, Most of whom Quote In this Journal, Chicago, Ills. J. A. LamON. 43 South Water St. R, A. Burnett & Co., 163 South Water Street. New York, N. Y. P. I. Sage & Son, 183 Reade Street. HiLDRETH Bros. & Seoelken. 28 & 30 West Broadway Chas. Israel & Bros.. 110 Hudson St. I. J. Stringham. 105 Park Place. Kansas Citr, ITIo. C. C. Clemomb & Co., 423 Walnut St. Bufialo, N. Y. BatterSON & Co., 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chas. Dadant & Son. Philadelphia, Pa. Wm. A. Selser, 10 Vine St. Cincinnati, Ohio. C. F, MnTH & Son, cor. Freeman & Central avs. SHIP ^^^^^ DriRfl Fruits, or Your Butter. Eggs^ Poultry, Veal, Beans, Potatoes, Hides, Pelts, Wool, Hay, Grain. Green and Dried Fruits, or ANYTHING YOU MAY HAVE to us. Quick sales at the highest market price and prompt returns made. Write for prices or ariv Information you may want. SUMMERS, MORRISON & CO. , ^j??rch'l^t"s? 174 South Water St., Chicago, 111. Eefkeisncb— Metropolitan National Bank, Chicago, 6A13t Please mention the Bee Jounral. ConTentlom I%otices. Minnesota.— The regular semi-annual meet- ing of the Southern Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Association will he held on the first Monday In May, 189.'), at LaCrescent, Minn. All bee- keepers invited. B. C. Cornwell, Sec, Winona, Minn. Utah.— The Utah Bee-Keepers' Association will hold their semi-annual meetingon Thurs- day. April 4,189.5, at 10 a.m., In the Fish Com- missioner's rooms in the new city and county building. Salt Lake City. Provo, Utah. Geo. E. Dudley, Sec. Washington.— The next meeting of the Western Washington Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion will he held on Monday, April 8, 1895. Subjects of interest to bee-keepers will be dis- cussed. Bee-keepers are Invited to attend. Tacoma, Wash. L. D. Littooy, Sec. Texas.— The Texas State Bee-Keepers' As- sociation will hold its 17th annual convention at the apiarv of W. R. Graham, in Greenville. Tex., on Wednesday and Thursday, April 3 and 4, 1895. All interested are invited to at- tend. '■ No hotel bills." Ft. Worth, Tex. Dr. Wm. R. Howard, Sec. ■tiiKlers for this size of the American Bee Journal we can furnish for 7,5 cents each, postpaid; or we will club it with the Bee Journal for a year— both for $1.60. We have a few of the old size (6x9) Binders left, that we will mail for only 40 cents eacb, to close them out. APIARIAN SUPPLIES VEBT CHEAP —■'Amateur Bee- Keeper"— how to manage bees. etc. — 25 cts. The -'Model Coop." for hen and her brood Wyandotte, Langshan and Leghorn Eggs for hatching. Cat. free, but state what you want J. W. BOUSE & CO., Mexico, Mo. mail for One Dollar. ' Five cross-bars are rivlted In the 'centre at the top. These bend down f and button to studs on a neck-band. ,Tlie bars are best light spring steel. The neck-band is hard spring brass. The netting is ■white with face-piece of black to see through. = It Is easily put together and folds Icompactly in a case, 1x6x7 Inches, "—the whole weighing but 5 ounces. It can be worn over an ordinary hat; fits any head; does not obstruct the vision, and can be worn In bed without discomfort. It Is a boon to any one whom fllee bother, mosqultos bite, or bees sting. ]^" This Veil we club with the Bee Journal for one year— both for $1.75; or give free as a Premium for sending us 3 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at $1.00 each. Hill Bee-Feeders. We have a few of the Hill Bee-Feeders on hand, which we mail, prepaid, 2 for 40c. Or 12 bv express for $1.50 —6 for 80c. We will send 2 postpaid with the Bee Journal for a year, for$1.2.T, or give two Feeders as a Premium lor sending us One New Sub- scriber to the Bee Journal. with $1.00. The Bee-Keepers' Guide : — OK— Manual of the Apiary. By Prof A. J. Cook— for over 20 years a pro- fessor in the Michigan Agricultural College. This book in not only instructive and helpful as a GUIDE in bee-keeping, but is also interest- ing and thoroughly practical and scientific. It contains a full description of the Anatomy and Physiology of Bees. 460 pages, bound In cloth. Price, postpaid, &.25; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year— both for only81,75; or given free as a premium for sending us 3 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal atll eacfc G W. TORE & CO., 56 5th Ave , Chicago, 111 194 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 21, WOVEN WIRE FENGE^ Hoi-se Iiiyii. bull strongy pi,-aud cliickea ti^'ht.) ^i;:.:;o it voui-yelE loK ^f3to20t?ro*^^ __, SO-^t^l"-'^. A iiiauand boycaniiiate I 40 t'> eOrodoadav. catalogfree. KITSELMAW BROS., Ridgeville, Ind. 10E5 Please mention the Bee Journiil. Hunt's Foundation Led all others in theGovernmentexperiments It exceeded the Given by 6i4 T- , and all the rest by ^W^. See Sept. Review. 1894. The Largest, Most Comprehensive Catalog of ev- erything' needed in the Apiary, Fhee. Cash for Beeswax, or will nialve it up in anj* quan- tity. I?l. H. HUNT, Bell Uraucli, iflicli. 4Etf Mention the A merican Bee Journal LARGEST LINE Made in the World. AIL STEEL OR WOOD STKEL LIMCII. Perpetual & Large Bale, steam, Horse & Hand Power Guaranteed the Rest- Write for Catalogue. FAMOUS mil. CO., Chicajo, III. miention tha American Bee Journal. Dovetailed. Hives, Sections. Extractors, Smokers, and everything a Bee - Keeper wants. — Iloiieisl at <;io! ces-ilul Operation. SIMPLE, rEKFECT, and SELF-REGULA TING. a uaranteed to hatch a lareiT percrntatie of fertileeess. at IrHscost, 'th.in nny other Incu'oatnr. Sendt;i\for lllus.Catalug, w c:ircular3 Free. ..114tma3S-filhSt..Qiilnfy.Tll. GEO. n.STAII 24r,i;ii MentioJi the American Bee JoumnJ. E. Kretcliniei . Red Oak, » Iowa, Sends Free his Cat.alog-»e of 72 illustrated paces; describes EverjtliliiK Used in llie Apiary : Rest Goods at Lioivest Prices. Delivered to your Railroad at either Chieag^o, St. Louis ; Atchison. Kans.; St. Paul, Minn.; DeeMoines. Iowa ; Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and other places. Capacity, 1 carload a day. i3^ Write at once for his Catalogue. _^l 8E8 Please Mention the Bee Journal. The American STRi LatE 8E14 AW HIV Latest and Best. Perfectly adapted to Modern Bee Cultt-re. IllQstiated Ciicalar Free. HAYCK BROS., QUINCY, ILL. Please mention the Bee Journal. -SOUTHERN- Home of tlie Ho|iey-Bee Where you can huy ((ueens, as good as the best— Warranted Purely Mated, and guaran- teed free from Paralj-sls. From either an Im- ported or a Straght .5-B. or Golden Mother—?.") cents each; 12 l'orJ7..')0. Tested, $1.00 each; 12for$9.00. After June 1st, 50 cents each; 12 for $4.00; Tested, 7.5 cents each. 12,$T.50. Good Breeders, $2.00 each; Straight .3-B. or "Faultless" Queens. -K.. 50 each. Bees, 75c. per lb. t-'ircular Free. Address, HUFSTEDLER BROS. 10A26 CLARKSVILLE, TEX. Mention Oie American Bee Jovunuu, QuGstiot;j'Box^ In the multitude of counsellors there is safety.— Prov. 11-14. Can BecsHcar ?— If So, How Do Yoti Know! ttnery 963.— How do you know that bees can hear ?— School-Girl. H. D. Cutting — I don't know. G. M. Doolittle — 1 do not believe they do. W. G. Larrabee — I don't know that they can. B. Taylor — I deny it. I never said I " knowed." Prof. A. J. Cook— I don't think they can. See my "Bee-Keepers' Guide." Mrs. Jennie Atchley — I don't know. How do you know that they can't hear ? Chas. Dadant & Son — If you place a bee-hive in a very dark room and scatter the bees, their hum will draw them to- gether. Eugene Secor — Bees have no ears, and I do not know whether they hear or feel sound, but that they do somehow recog- nize certain sounds I am convinced. J. A. Green — I don't. I do not think they hear just as we do, though they un- doubtedly recognize some sounds that we hear, and probably some that we do not. J. E. Pond — I don't know. Does any one ? That they are susceptible to jars I have often found. I presume they can hear, as I believe the all-wise Creator designed they should. Mrs. L. Harrison — At one time I had a very cross colony of bees. I used to amuse myself by stepping out on the porch, and as soon as I made the least noise they were there. Dr. .1. P. H. Brown — By their actions when any forcible object is applied to any part of their hive. The "how" part of this question has led to much dis- cussion among naturalists. E. France — I believe that bees hear, but whether they have ears or not I don't know. I know by the actions of the bees that they recognize sounds, but how they get the impression I don't know. C. H. Dibbern — Well, now, dear "School-girl," I do not know "for sure" that bees can hear at all, as they do not appear to have any ears. I think, how- ever, that they are able to distinguish sound in some way. Rev. M. Mahin — Of an evening when millers were troublesome T have seen one alight down on the alighting-board, and the nearest bee would utter a sharp cry, and every one of the guards would in- stantly rush in that direction. Mrs. J. N. Heater — I do not/cnow that they do hear, but what most of all makes me believe they do hear, is the different sounds they produce under dif- ferent circumstances. A person much with them soon learns their language. P. H. Elwood— The teachers taught us so ! I know of no reason why bees should have a variety of voice, unless they can distinguish them by their or- gans of hearing. They have a hum of contentment, a cry of pain, a voice of rage, etc. Dr. C. C. Miller — One day a swarm commenced to return to its old hive. To stop it I moved it to a new place. The bees came there. Then I put it on a wheelbarrow and journeyed around the apiary with it. Whenever I stopped the bees came. The hive looked like other hives, so I think it was the sound that attracted the bees. Jas. A. Stone — I could not give better proof than that when swarming, if the queen is retained at the hive they some- times return before they alight. And they have no way of knowing as soon of her absence except by sound. Also, you may mash the heads of as many drones as you please, without danger, but when you get your stick on the head of a worker, you can hear a different hum, then look out for stings ! G. W. Demaree — How do I know ? If I was near you, and you did not know it, and I should speak to you, and you should "start" or "jump," wouldn't I know you heard ? If you were driving a horse, and some one was to shoot off a gun, and your horse should "jump," wouldn't you know he heard ? In the same way we know bees hear. Take a basket of bees to a prepared hive, and start a quart of them into the hive ; hear the "hum," then look in the basket. See? R. Ii. Taylor— Because they notice sharp noises, as the beating of tin vessel; because the call of the first bees of a swarm that find the entrance of the hive provided for them is immediately re- sponded to by the others, even those at a considerable distance; because the cry of pain or fright of bees accidentally caught in handling the combs often in- stantaneously arouses the bees at some distance away ; and because queens re- spond to the piping challenge of their sisters. Rev. Emerson T. Abbott — Because when the other girls talk to her in school she answers. If you do not believe it, take out the queen for a short time until the bees miss her, and then set her on top of one of the frames and listen for the note of warning that will sound through the hive at once. The ability to make a voluntary sound implies an ability to receive the vibration of the atmosphere, which that sound is, when said vibrations are caused by an insect of the same family. Noise means ears, and ears mean noise. Wm. M. Barnum — Well — I don't know. The fact is, I don't know any more about this peculiar anatomical problem than does our little "School-Girl." Bees seem to convey ideas to one another by touching mandibles ; this is against the " hearing " proposition ; but, we are all aware of the shrill piping of the queen, and the attendant agitation of the bees. Now, little "School-Girl," doesn't it say somewhere in zoology, that things that iiKiJiC sounds can /icar the same ? If this is true, probably the bees hear ? But 7ioiu f I believe Prof. Cook says they have no visible ear-organs. EVERGREENS! Headquarters in the United States for all varieties and sizes of Hardy Nursery RTownevercreens and oma* mental trees. Prices the lowest. )Six $.'i.(X) and 110,110 bargains. Over iten million everereens and a largo stock of other trees. Illostrated catalogue free. I want a good Local Agent. D. HILL, Evergreen Specialist, Dundee, III. 8E5t Please mention the Bee Journal. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 195 Largest Faetory in the West. -COMPLETE STOCK.- Good Supplies and Low Prices— Our Motto. We are here to serve you, and will, if jou give us a ch;tQce. ('aliilofrue Frep. Address. Mention this Journal. LEAHY MANUFACTURING CO., HIGGINSVILLE, MO. California If you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers. Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper- The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Paci tic Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated, $2.40 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL, PRESS, 220 Market St„ - SAN FRANCISCO. CAL. BEESWAX WANTED ! For Cash at Highest Price ; Or III ExcUause lor Foundation at liOwest Price, Working Wax into Founda- tion for Cash or on Shares, a fperially. Don't fail, before buying or selling, to write for Prices and Samples— to GlIS DITTMEB, AUGUSTA, WIS. Reference— Augusta Bank. IBAtf MentUm the American Bee JmimaX HONEY FOR SALE. I have about 3000 lbs. of Basswood Honey for sale at 7 cents per lb., in 60-lb. cans, on board cars. I will guarantee it strictly pure. 2A Joliii \Y'^ag:iier, Baeua Vista, 111. A Fair Offer I vfill pay the Freight on Cash Orders ot S20 or over at Catalogue rates, if within 300 miles of Chicago. Sweet Clover Seert 25 cents per pound. Mailed for 35 cents. Catalogue free. Thos. G. IVewman, ^^l^fc^lTil^:"- 31e>ition the A mei-ican Bee JounuU. ARE YOU LOOKING For the BEST in Bee-Hives, Sections, Cases, &c.? If so. drop us a Postal and we shall be pleased to I fl D I VUJIV T'ft Wafarf Aiirn Wio send you a copy of our 1895 Catalosue and Price-list. | W. D. LlillliS VjIF., Ildiei lOVlll, HIS. Mention the American Bee Journal. H I TOLD YOU SO. »» Mrs. Atchley:— The 19 1-frame Nuclei I bought of you last year with Untested Queens, ^ave me 785 lbs. of section honey and 175 lbs. of extracted honey, besides some unfinished sections. The best one gave me 120 one-pound sections well filled. Heber, Utdh, Oct. 9, 1894. J. A. Smith. Now. didn't I tell you it would pay to ship Bees north to build up and catch the honey- flow ? Beesbytlie Pound, on a Comb and Honey to last the trip-Sl.OO: 10 or more Pounds 90c. per pound. iNCJCliEI- $1.00 per Frame; 10 or more Frames, UOc. each. Untested Queens to go with them [same as Mr, Smith got] 75c. each. IIINTESTBD QIIKENS— by mall, either I.eatber-Colored Italians, S-Bands, or Carnlolans— $1.00 each; S5.00 1orG; $9.00 per Dozen— till June 1st., tben 75c. e;ich; i4.25 for 6. or $8,00 per Dozen. TESTED QUEENS— 3-Band8, $1.50 each; 5-Bands and Carnlolans, $2.50 each. Fine Breeders, of either race, or Imported Queens, $5,00 each. My Straight 5-Band Breeders, $10,00 each, FIIL.L. COLOMES— with Untested Queens. $6.00 each. Send for Prices and Discounts to Dealers, and by tbe Quantities. I have the only SItiiani Rou lliira l?q/>f ikpv in South Texas. Root's Goods, Dadant Foundation, and OlCnlH DCC-IIHC TdllUlJ Biugliani Smokers. Sale arrival guar- anteed on everything. ^~ Send for Free Catalogue, that tells all about Queen- Rearing, JEKNIE ATCHLEY, Bceville, Bee Co., Tex. Doctor^s fiir)is By DR. PEIRO, Chicago, 111. Ijenlen Don'ts. Don't regard civility as too precious to be aired in public. Tbe man to whom you are rude to to-day may remember it some- time when you least think or desire that he should. Don't feel convinced that the horse-race is more to be considered than the human race. Many people have lost money and caste through such imaginings. Don't order the hotel waiter as you wouldn't a yellow dog, under the impres- sion that to do so makes you appear accus- tomed to servants. They who are, exercise gentleness. Don't blame your employer for expect- ing .$100 talent from his $20 help. He is buUt that way. and his hired man don't often try to undeceive him. Don't tell the caller that the lady of the house "is out" when her voice can be heard to ooze from the next room. Your reputation suffers thereby. Don't neglect paying your friend that borrowed dollar. He may object to his money keeping Lent. Don't believe that the use of a toothpick at the table is an evidence of exalted re- finement. As a rule, the spattering of par- ticles of your dinner upon the guests is not unanimously desired. Don't overlook the fact that the too fre- quent lubrication of your tonsils with "sour mash" leads you a sure race to physical and financial ruin. Don't attempt a distinction between publicly paring your nails and your corns. The difference isn't great enough to insure respect for you among polite people. Don't attempt the disguise of a gentle- man. The deception is easily noted the moment you address your wife or mother. But if you study the part honestly, and act it with generous purpose, you will need no disguise; people will see that you are a real gentleman, and cannot hide it. BASSWOOD FOR BEES We have a large stock of American Lin- den or Basswood. 5 to 6 feet, 15c. each— $1'2.00 per C. H to8 feet, 20c. each- $15.00 per C. 7 to 10 ft. 25c. each— $20.00 per C. Address, jjipj^^p National ^'ursery Co. 8A6t ELGIN, 11,1.. Maition the Amcrlctin Bee Jmvmal. Fruit Ranch and Apiary Address, llA4t FOR SALE REV. L. J. TEMPLIN, CANON CITV, COLO. Strawberry and Raspberry Plants. Best New and Old varieties. Best grown Plants. Catalogue Free. With instructions for their culture. Send for It Noiv. Mention this paper. Address. E. J. SCOFIEI.D, 3Aiyt p. O, Box 113, H.\NovER, Wis. 196 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 21, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! It l8 always economj- to buy the best, espe- cially when the best cost no more than somethinp not half so good. OUR FAL- CON SECTIONS are acknowledged to be superior to any on the market. The same Is also true of our HIVES and BEE- KEEPERS' SUPPLIES, of which we make all modern styles. OUR PRICES will be found as low as those of any of our competitors, and in many cases low- er, and you are always sure of petting flrst-cluss goods. We alfo publish THE AMERICAN BEEKEEPER, a monthly magazine (Fifth year) at oOc. a year, in- valuable to beginners. Large illustrated catalogue and price-list free. Address, THEW.T.FALCOMMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. ^^ W. m. Cierrittli. of East Nottlus- bani, N. H., is our Eastern agent. New England customers may save freight by pur- chasing of him. Mention Vie American Bee Jmi/niaL Golden Glueens From Texas. Vonv.Sf.e';-^? as well as for Beauty ;ind GeiilleneKi*. ^^ Safe arrival and reasonable satisfac- tion guaranteed. Write for Prlce-List. ITjifesferf. Sl.OO— Tested, ^l.SO. J. D. GIVENS, ^^^.^P^'TEx. 10A':;6 Mention the Americmi Bee Journal. fflUTH'S HONET EXTBACTOB PERFECTION Gold-Blast Smokers, Square Olass Honey Jars, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. MnxH & Son. Cor. Freeman &. Central Aves., Cincinnati, O. Send lOe for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepera. Mention the American Bee Journal. ORDER SPRING QUEENS. I will send a Guaranteed o-Banded Yellow Queen, bred from a Breeder selected from 1000 Queens (some producing over 400 lbs. of honey to the colony); or a 3-Banded Italian Leather-Colored Queen direct from a Breeder Imported from Italy. Oct. '91— at '75c., and a special low price for a quantity. My secret is to sell an extra-large amount, which enables me to sell at low prices. Will run this spring 3,"j0 Nuclei— have 1 home and 4 out apiaries. BookiuK Orders tiow— will begin shipping March Ist. No Queens su- perior to my Strain. tajT" Send for Descriptive Catalogue and Testimonials, to Wm. a. Selser, Wyncote, Pa. I AEISE T "'O SAY to the readers of the BEE JOURNAL that doolittle: has concluded to sell -BEES and QUEBN8- tn their aeaeon, durins 1895, at thefoUowinK prices : One Colony of Italians on 9 Gallup frames, in Hpht shipping-box $7 00 Five Coloniee 30 00 Ten Colonies 50 OtJ 1 untested queen, i 00 6 " queeuB 5 oo ]0 " '* 10 uo 1 tested Queen... *i 5o 3 " Queens . 4 oo 1 Belectte8tedqueen2 oo 3 " " Queens 5 OC Select tested queen, previous season's rearing . 4 00 Extra Selected for breeding, the very bkht.. 6 00 About a Pound of BBBS In a Two-frame NucIeuB. with any Queen, S2.00 extra. 0r Circular free, giving full partioulars regarc:* iDg the Bees and each class of Queens. Address G. M. DGOLITTLE, 12A25t BORODINO, Onon. Co., N. Y. THAT "ST. JOE" HIVE ! Write for a Circular and Say How Many Hives You "Will Need. 1 think the Hives are grand. —Concordia, Kans, Address, EMERSON T. ABBOTT, ST. JOSEPH, MO. Seventeen Years Ago Dadant's Foundation ^■^■^■^ Was first offered for sale. The following parties keep it in stock and have kept it for years for sale. Why ? Because they want to handle only the best groods, and they say they get the best goods when they buy Dadant's Foundation. Thomas G. Newman. Chicago, Ills. C. F. Muth & Son. Tincinnati, Ohio Chas. H. Green. Waukesha, Wis. Cha8. Hertel, Freeburg, Ills. E. Kretchmer, Red Oak, Iowa. Jos. Nysewander. Des Moines. Iowa. G. B. Lewis Co.. Watertown. Wis. James Reynolds Elevator Co., Poughkeepsie. N Y. Page & Lyon. New London. Wis. La. Bee-Keepers' Supply Co., Donaldsonville, La. B. F. Quigley, Uniunville, Mo. I G. K. Hubbard. Fort Wayne. Ind. L. Hanssen. Davenport. Iowa. C. Theilmann, Theilmanton, Minn. B. C. Eaglestield, Berlin. Wis. Walter S. Pouder. Indianapolis, Ind E. T. Abbott. St. Joseph, Mo. J. M. Jenkins. Wetumpka, Alabama John Key, East Saginaw, Mich. J. W. Bittenbender. Knoxville, Iowa. Vickerv Bros., Evansville, Ind. Mrs. Jennie Atchlev. Bee ville, Texas. Is not such a steady trade a proof of real merit in the goods we sell ? We also make a specialty of Veils and Veil Stufl^ of best quality. Beeswax Wanted at All Times. Bee-keepers' Supplies, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails, etc. Samples of Foun- dation and Xulle FREE with circular. Instructions to beginners with circular. Send us your address. CHAS. Mention the American Bee Journal. DADANT & SON, HAMILTON, Hancock Co., ILIi. ALFALFA SEED >;«: >p: 7|? >??" 7j? >?*r >?«: >j<^ >yf >;«■>{«■ >p: TjiT >;?■>?<: >jv >|x >j?< 8 cents per pound in any sized quantity. Cash with Order. Reference — First National Bank. Address. L. Wirt Markham, Lamar, Colo. X. B. — It requires 20 lbs. to sow an acre. Mention the Amertcan Bee Journal THE 1895 CRANE SMOKER IS A DAISY. Price, 3H-ineh Barrel, $1.85, postpaid; or $1.50 by freight or express. A. I. ROOT CO., Medina. Ohio, or J. E. CRAXE, Middlebury, Vt. This excellent Smoker was introduced some two years ago, since which time it has worked itself rapidly into popular favor. Its distinctive feature is the Crane Valve, by which the full force of the Bellows Is secured without waste, and by which also smoke is prevented from going Into the Bellows. The Legs are of Skeleton Malleable Iron, contracted at the feet so as to be out of the way of the ttnaers in handling, and are secured to the Bellows by bolts instead of screws. The Shield Is of light corrugated tin, and bags next to the Bellows, thus giving ample protection from heat. The Cone Top easily tilts back for replenishing the Smo- ker, and is secured by a malleable-iron Hinge, the working parts of which are milled so as to insure accurate adjustment to the Stove or Cup. As to Fuel, It will burn anything, including soft coal, stovewood, planer-shavings; and It makes no difference how much the latter may be crammed down in the Cup, there will be the same strong blast as before. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT SI.OO PER ANNUM. eiO'PMltA£« 35tli Year. CHICAGO, ILL., MARCH 28, 1895. No. 13. Corjtributed /Vrticles^ On Jmportajit Apiarian Sut>Jeots> Importance of Sowing for Honey. BY W. J. CULLINAN. The time has come when people who pay no attention to bee-pasturage, can no longer expect to reap a rich harvest from their bees. Land is now so valuable in this section that every available acre is put under cultivation, except ocoasion- Alslke Clover. ^VhUe Clover. ally a small plat that has been reserved for pasture, with here and there a few acres of meadow. But the pastures are grazed so closely as to afford even the persistent and low- growing white clover but little chance to bloom ; while the meadows abound in tame grasses — mostly timothy — and none of which are of much use to the bees. I have seen the time when white clover abounded on every hand, growing thickly along the roadsides and covering almost every foot of waste land ; and I secured from that source alone, in 1889, about 3,800 pounds of choice honey from 100 colonies of bees, spring count. But several dry seasons in succession have almost exterminated it, so that now we find only diminutive patches here and there. As a consequence, our honey-crops have been very "diminutive" for several years. Well, the remedy for this — and the only remedy — is to sow seed. If you have only 50 colonies of bees, and you have the money, it will pay you to buy white clover seed and sow it along every roadside, on every common, and in every pasture where the owner will give you permission to sow it, within two miles of your apiary. And around gullies, on gravelly banks and in fence corners and on low bottom lands not cul- tivated, sow sweet clover, which is one of the best honey- plants grown in this country. If you own land, sow a portion of it in Alsike clover, and if you can get your neighboring land-owners to sow some also, do so, by all means. Furnish them the seed at half price, if necessary; and it might pay to give away a limited amount in order to increase the acreage in your immediate locality. I prefer the month of March for sowing clover seed of any kind, but the forepart of April will do; and by the way, the best stand of red clover 1 ever obtained in my life was sown about the first week in April on wheat land. Some advise sowing it with rye, but I never could see much differ- ence, only in the aliove exceptional case, which was in favor of the wheat. But I would advise all bee-keepers to sow Alsike instead of red clover; it is equal to or better for pasture, makes finer and better hay; and if you allow it to mature seed, it will no doubt yield a better return, while if atmospheric conditions are at all favorable it will also afford a rich harvest of excel- lent honey. Don't fail to sow a patch this spring, as an exper- ment, if you have never tried it. Quincy, 111. Bee-Management in East Tennessee. BY ADRIAN GETAZ. In a preceding article, I stated that I would give an out- line of my management of bees. Concerning wintering, we have some serious difficulties to Branch and Blossoins of the Sourwood of tl\c South. 198 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 28, contend with. Between Oct. 10 and March 15, that is, five months, nothing can be gathered. If the weather would only stay cold enough to put the bees to sleep, and keep them snugly sleeping all that time, it would be well, but such is not the case. Instead of that, we have a perpetual succession of a few warm days followed by rain or snow, then a few cold, sometimes very cold days, then warm again, and so on through the whole winter. During the warm spells, the bees will fly out in search of honin- or water, but a good many are chilled and never come back, more or less brood will be started, honey will be consumed, and the bees, that is, those which do not perish outside, will more or loss wear themselves out, and all to no purpose. The next cold wave will chill some of the bees not clustered close enough, and invariably a part of the brood, as it cannot be all covered when the cluster contracts closely on account of the cold. The process is repeated from time to time through the whole winter, and when the spring comes we find ourselves with colonies having consumed nearly all their provisions, occasionally some starved, and the number of bees considerably reduced, and what bees are left nearly worn out by their useless attempts at rearing brood out of season. For the edification of those who may doubt the above state- ment, I will refer to a short communication from a Tennes- sean, inserted in the "ABC of Bee-Culture," under the article on spring dwindling. Well, what can be done ? Only one thing. Use chaff hives or some equivalent. With a chaff hive, it takes some time for the heat of the sun to reach the bees inside so as to make them fly ; and in the afternoon of warm days, thousands of bees will come out of single-walled hives exposed to the sun, only to be chilled by the cold air outside, or even die on the snow ; while those in chaff hives will stay at home until the weather is warm enough to fly safely. As to the brood reared I think fully as much, and perhaps more, will be reared in the chaff hives, but on account of the protection afforded by the chaff, only very little or none at all will be chilled. This is not theory, it is the result of several years of experience. A peculiarity of East Tennessee is that, owing to our ele- vation above the level of the sea the nights are always cool except during the hottest months of the year — from about the middle of June to the middle of August. This makes it nec- essary to protect the surplus receptacle as well as the brood- nest, at least during the fore-part of the honey season. Few people are aware of the fact that most of the comb-building and the puttieg of honey in the sections is done during the night, and if the supers are too cold, the honey will be left in the brood-nest, the queen's laying crowded out, swarming developed, etc. During the activity of the day, the honey coming from the field will be stored in the nearest empty cells. at least most of it. During the night it will be handled ( if that expression can be used), evaporated by the bees, and car- ried up-stairs. If the supers are too cold, such work is stopped and the honey left in the brood-nest. As to the best construction of hives to obtain a sufficient protection, and yet admit easy handling of supers, I have little to say. Some time in the future, I may take up tlie sub- ject again. Whatever means will be adopted to secure such protection, will also have the advantage of protectiug the bees against the excessive heat of the day, and, so to speak, store that heat for the night use, and hereby increase the surplus by equalizing the temperature through both the day and the night. A third consideration is the size of the hives, or rather the brood-nest. Before going any further, I would ask the reader to look carefully over my article on the honey-resources of East Tennessee. (See the Bee Journal for Dec. 6, 1894.) As it will be seen, our honey season ( leaving the fall flow out of consideration) lasts from March 15, or about, to the middle of July — a period of four months. During that time, the honey comes in from different sources, but not regularly, and never in very great quantities. It is also impossible to tell in advance which sources will be good and which will fail. The sourwood is the surest of all. Under which circumstances there is but one way of managing, that is, keep the ccAonics strong all the time, so that whenever honey can be gathered, there should be a sufficient force of bees to make the most of it. Where the honey comes in in great quantities and at some definite time of the year, some other plan may be better, but I say again, where surplus honey has to be gathered little by little, and in a very irregular way, at that, during a period of four months, there can be but one successful kind of manage- ment— keep your colonies sti'oinj all tlie time ! This has been my experience. Strong colonies mean large brood-nests. A strong colony can, by feeding, spreading the brood, constant watching and manipulating, be built in a small-sized brood-nest, but cannot be maintained. Mr. Doolittle, our most successful small brood-nest manipulator, says himself that a colony thus treated attains a maximum of strength and then decreases, and that the management must be such that (in his locality) the maximum should be attained at the opening of the bass- wood honey-flow. But even then, such results cannot be obtained without constant watching and manipulating, and involves a considerable work. And where one Doolittle or one Miller succeeds, 999 bee-keepers would either fail, or ruin their colonies completely. I have had large brood-nests only during the last three years. So far I have not reached very conclusive results. I have always drawn on the large hives to make up whatever losses occurred, or built up weak colonies. Bad seasons and bee-paralysis have interfered .more or less. As far as I can see, the strength of the colony is at least in proportion to the size of the brood-nest, and the amount of surplus obtained at least, and probably more, than in proportion to the size of the brood-nest. I mean by that, that eight hives of thirteen frames each will probably give more surplus, and certainly as much, as thirteen hives of eight frames each. There might be an exception the first year, as of two equal swarms put into different sizes of brood-uests, the one in the large brood- nest will need more time to build up to full strength, but the following spring the superior strength will begin to tell on the result. But should the result be equally good, there would be yet several advantages in favor of the large brood-nest. The first would be less swarming, and, as I said before, a colony that refrains from swarming will give more surplus in this locality than one that did swarm and with its swarm combined. Remember, here, that I am writing exclusively from a comb- honey producer's stand-point. The second is, that a strong colony in a large brood-nest hive will take care of itself the year around, never needs any feeding (providing, however, that no honey should ever be taken out of the brood-nest) and will invariably winter well ; even if queenless in the fall enough bees will be left in the spring, to start again, with the help of a queen or some brood to rear one. Other minor advantages are freedom from rob- bing, quickness in taking possession of the surplus boxes, ability to protect their brood against the cold during the winter and spring, much larger swarms, and what seems strange at first, early swarming, if there is any swarming at all. But, after all, it is easy to see that a strong colony will be crowded before a weak one, not only on account of its original strength, but also on account of its ability to rear brood earlier and in much larger quantity. The last condition is prevention of swarming, if possible (I am referring to the comb-honey producing kind of bee- keeping). There is but one way — removing the queens at the opening of the swarming season. The drawback in this locality is a certain loss of brood that would just then produce workers ready to take advantage of our best honey-flow (the sourwood). This last ought to be minimized. In 189:3, I announced my intention to experiment largely in that line, but 1894 was so bad for the bee-keepers and the bees that I did too little to report, and had to postpone full experiments until this year. I want here to blame severely all our text- books for not even mentioning this subject, or if they do (only 2 or 3 I think have done it), they dismiss it with only a few words of blame. In reading my article on "East Tennessee Horsey-Re- sources," I see it is liable to be misconstrued, as implying the idea that East Tennesseans are a bad set of people. This, I am happy to say, is not so. There are good and bad people here, as anywhere else, but taken as a whole, certainly as good as can be found anywhere else on the earth. I have been treated here as kindly and as well in every respect as any- where else I have been, and as well as if I had been a native- born ; and I feel as much at home here, perhaps even more, than I would in the country where I was born. Knoxville, Tenn. Mauagement to Prevent Spring Dwindling. BY MRS. A. L. HALLENBECK. With the first warm days of spring, which usually come in March and April, the active work of the season for the bee-keeper begins. Colonies should be carefully examined that none are short of stores, hives carefully protected that brood-rearing once commenced shall have no check. We are still likely to have cold weather, and if not well protected colonies will suffer great loss, not only of bees, but of brood also, which will become chilled and die, and our bees will suffer a little later, or with spring dwindling, which thins the 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 199 working force of many an apiary till little honey is secured. On the strength of the colony early in the spring depends the honey crop. One bee lost now, means just so much less honey. If colonies are weak, many double them up till a good strong colony is formed, saving the best queen and destroying the rest. More brood will be reared in one good strong colony than in several weak ones, for the larger the colony the more brood-combs can be covered, and the less the danger of brood or bees becoming chilled. Then, too, the bees from a strong, thrifty colony, when they leave the hive for the necessary supplies of the family, go out with a vim and rush that can be easily distinguished from the timid, half-hearted manner in which their sisters in the weak colony go forth. Should the weather be a little chilly, they will not come out and go shiv- ering back several times before venturing to make the journey, nor are they as apt to become chilled and drop down before they reach the hive in the return light. This is the way so many bees are lost; and the colony dwindles away, as not enough bees are left to cover the brood, and young bees do not hatch as fast as the old ones die. By having all colonies strong, there is less danger; but our care should not stop here. Bees need pollen and water to rear brood, in addition to the honey which they have in the hives. We can in a great measure supply this near to their homes so that when for a short time the sun comes out and they can fly, they need not go long distances for what they need, and run the risk of never being able to return. Corn- meal and rye or wheat flour placed in a shallow pan or dish where the sun shines warm in some sheltered place, will fur- nish them with pollen. Here they will work with a will that will well repay for the trouble of furnishing it for them. When the weather is warmer and natural pollen plentiful they will pay little attention to the artificial substitute. To attract their attention and help them find the dishes of flour or meal, put a little piece of honey in the dish till they find it. Now all their wants are supplied except water. This they may be obliged to go a long w;i.ys to find, and then carry it, ice cold, perhaps, back to the hive. Is it any wonder that the poor little water-carrier becomes chilled and drops down before it reaches home ? Any ingenious person can devise a dozen different ways in which water may be provided only a few feet from the door of the hive. Anything that will hold water will answer to water them, provided it has plenty of floats so they can drink without getting wet themselves. Place the drinking-vessels in a warm, sunny spot where the water will get all the heat possible, and if you doubt whether the bees like it or not watch them awhile as they carry it home to the hive. These are the methods I use to prevent spring dwindling, and adding sugar syrup to feed when it is necessary, I am not at all worried about losing any colony that survives the win- ter; and should there be any honey to gather, they will be ready to carry it in when it comes. Millard, Nebr. Profit in Growing Alsike Clover, Etc. BY FRANK COVEKDAXE. The growing of Alsike clover for seed, hay and pasture, pays me better than any other crop on my farm. Last year, from 25 acres, I hulled 75 bushels, which was worth at least 3T.50 per bushel, and enough good hay after the seed was taken out to feed my 72 head of two-year-old steers until February, 1895, at least, and this feed is excelled by none. When it is thrown into the manger a gluttonous rush is made for it. The seed — 75 bushels — at S7. 50, or $6. 50_ clear, per bushel, is S487; 25 tons of good hay, $G per ton, .':;150, or a total of S637 as net proceeds, not counting the labor of sowing and harvesting. Twenty-five acres of corn, yielding 40 bushels per acre, at 45 cents, is worth just .S450, and the stalks for the cattle to pick are not worth as much for fall feed as the after-growth of the Alsike. The corn crop robs the soil, and the Alsike builds it up, and it is ready when plowed again for 50 or 60 bushels of corn per acre. Now, Mr. Editor, these are cold facts, and well worth any Iowa farmer's attention. The growing of Alsike clover is a sure success, that is, if a good stand is secured, and I know from eight years' experience that it is much easier to get a stand of it than of the common red clover. In the previous two very dry seasons I was able to get a moderate stand, and last year a good stand, while farmers on each side of me had none worth saving, but plowed up their ground to try it over. I find that Alsike thrives best on level land where the soil is rather loose and deep, but mine is mostly grown on rolling ground. It grows well along slough edges, where red clover would not grow at all, and thrives best. I would not think of sowing timothy, red clover, nor orchard-grass without adding 2 to 4 pounds of Alsike seed per acre. I was talking to a friend the other day, and he said that when he throws his hay down from the mow, where timothy and Alsike are mixed, he saves enough seed, both Alsike and timothy, fans it clean, for all his next year's seeding, and 1 am now doing the same thing myself. SPREADING THE BROOD. On page 45, Dr. Miller says he certainly wouldn't do it if the queen kept as many cells filled as the bees could fully cover. Now, Doctor, why not reverse the above, and say when the queen fills as much comb with eggs as the bees can fully cover, then I would spread the brood ? or, in more proper words, change the outside combs for the center ones — not a spread at all, but a changing of inside sealed brood for outside uncapped larvre and eggs. That would be thus placed in position to grow and hatch, vfhen, if left outside, it would suffer a low temperature and be chilled, while the capped brood outside is a warm wall of itself, and the thinner cover- ing of bees will save it, while the combs of eggs and unsealed larvM will soon develop into capped brood, and be just what you want for a later spreading. This is, in my judgment, the secret of spreading brood, or, in other words, changing newly- laid eggs and unsealed larvas for capped larvaj that will stand the next cool wave, and form walls to save that which will not live through unless under the careful hand of man. Delmar, Iowa. Something About Swarming and Hiving of Bees BY A. C. SAXFORD. The bees swarm because their natural instinct is to mul- tiply themselves, and because their home becomes too small and warm. The bees in small hives will swarm earlier and more in number if left to themselves, other things being equal. Now, if we wish to control the swarming tendency, and we must if we expect to get a good crop of honey, I have found by long experience that good-sized hives are better than small ones. I think it is better to give them room to occupy just as soon as the strength of the colony will permit — don't wait until your hive is chock-full of bees. By giving room in ad- vance they will not be apt to swarm so early, and when a swarm comes off it will be very large. Such swarms are A No. 1 for making comb for extracted honey. A record should be kept of the date of the swarming, be- cause in seven or eight days we must go through the parent hive and dispose of all the surplus queen-cells, as only one queen is necessary for each colony. At such times the oppor- tunity is good to supersede poor stock with good. If the sur- plus queen-cells are not cut out, there will nearly always be several after-swarms, or casts, which are very annoying, as such are often hard to manage, and unprofitable, unless we want increase. By managing thus, you have only doubled your stock, and your bees should be in prime order to get honey. I will give a few thoughts about swarming and hiving the bees. The old way used to be, when the bees swarmed, the women-folks and all hands were out with the bells and the tin pans, and there was din and clatter until the bees settled, which was not nearly as soon as they would have if they had been alone. It is nice to have some small, smooth trees near by, but should not be allowed to get over about 12 feet high — smaller are better — for the bees to cluster on. No large trees should be near the apiary, as they are apt to make trouble. If you have no trees, just go to the woods and cut some, and put in front of the apiary about two rods. Put down as you would a hop-pole. The bees will cluster on them, and you can pull and carry the swarm where you choose. Now, I will give you my plan. When you first see a swarm coming out, go quietly to the hive, stand beside it, and see if the queen is able to fly with the swarm— if not, you will find her on the ground, if you are on hand. If she is not able to fly, place her in a cage quickly, and put her with the swarm, or else remove the old hive out of the way, and place a new empty one on the old stand. Place the queen in it, and the swarm will hive themselves, although care should be taken and not let them go into other hives, as they sometimes will. Now when the queen flies with the swarm : If you wish them to alight quickly, don't get in their way, nor interrupt them, unless they should move in a direction where there are no trees. In that case, sprinkle with water, or scatter dust among them. The first or prime swarm will rarely ever try to run away if properly treated. I use a light box on a pole about 10 feet long. The box is like an old-fashioned box-hive, with one end open, and lots 200 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 28, of holes bored in it for a swarm-catcher. When about two quarts of the bees have clustered, put the box up and shake them in, and turn the open end out so the others can fly in, and if you don't do this too soon, they will all go right in, or on the box. You can just lean the box up against the tree if the pole is the right length, and prepare the hive, if not ready. Right here let me say the hive must be large enough so the bees will have reasonable room, and the entrance large enough, and the hive must be well shaded or they will not stay. When the bees are all settled in the box, you can carry them where you wish. To hive them, take the top of the hive ofl, and the queen-excluder, and put a quart or two in to start them ; put the excluder and covers on carefully, and shake some in front of the entrance. They will soon go in. You can hurry them up by brushing them carefully. When you pour some of the bees out, hold the box out of the way, or it will draw them to it. Gently tapping on the hive will help to get them in. Y'ou can put sections on immediately, or ex- tracting super over a queen-excluding honey-board. Should the bees be very cross while swarming, the smoker is the best remedy. If you shake them off the tree, and they fall some distance, they will be angry. I have kept bees on the above plan for 17 years, and have found it reliable. I seldom, if ever, have any "runaways." Ouo, Wis. Comb Honey — Wintering, Etc. BY EDWIN BEVINS. I am glad that the American Bee Journal has been giving its readers a series of articles on the production of comb honey. from the pen of Mr. Abbott. In addition to what I have gleaned from the text-books, I have gotten some valuable information on that subject from the writings of Hutchinson, Hilton, and that man of sturdy common sense who stands guard so near the northern frontier of beedom — B. Taylor. Mr. Abbott does not live very far away, and I am looking for something from him that will have a special value for the bee-keepers of northern Missouri and southern Iowa, besides what he may write that will be of value to bee-keepers every- where. My five years' observation of this field leads me to believe that it has some advantages for the production of white honey, and I hope that Mr. Abbott will, before he closes, give his impressions of it. BLACKS vs. ITALIAN BEES. In Mr. Abbott's first article I notice that he puts in a claim for the blacks, that they cap their honey much whiter than the Italians. I have a decided partiality for anything having a German origin over anything having its origin south of the Alps, but truth compels me to say that in this matter of whitening cf comb the superiority of the blacks over the Italians begins and ends. When there is an abundant and continuous flow of nectar the blacks will do some fine work at comb-building, but let the flow be scant, or intermittent, and they will do the most inartistic job of patch-work of any bees in existence, with the exception, perhaps, of the bumble-bee ! WINTERINe BEES. A good many bees will probably die this winter, through this section of country. Many are kept in log and box hives, and their owners never think of feeding under any circum- stances. All bees in this section came to the winter deficient in stores. A neighbor told me that he looked late in the fall into the hives of a man who uses the Langstroth hive, and that there was no honey to be seen along the top-bars of the frames. The man told him that he should not feed. His bees, of course, will die. When one gets a realization of the possibil- ilities there are in bees it does not seem that he would let them die of hunger when sugar is so cheap. I know that they call for some labor and some outlay of money in seasons when there is no return, but I am equally confident that the man who has the bees at the right time will be more than repaid. It is with much trepidation that I venture to write any- thing on the old, old subject of wintering bees. What I have to say may amuse the veterans, and perhaps not be helpful or instructive to anybody, but, nevertheless, the method I am about to describe proved a success with me last season, and at this writing (Feb. 4) my bees are all in perfect condition. I have always had a strong dislike for cellar-wintering, and so concluded that I would try to find a way to winter without moving the bees at all. For the Dadant hives, which are double-boarded on the north and west, I just put a straw mat or piece of burlap on top of the frames and a chaff cushion on top of that, and then pack straw a foot or so thick on all sides of the hive except the front, tramping it as solidly as possible and holding it in place in any way most convenient. For making chaff cushions, I find a sack, such as grocers use to handle a hundred pounds of granulated sugar in, the most convenient of anything. The requisite amount of chaff can be put in and the open end folded so that no sewing at all is necessary. For the single-walled hive, 8-frame size, I make a box or outer-case of any old boards that are not worth much for any- thing else, two feet wide, 2}^ to 3 feet long, and as high as the hive with section case and cover on. As soon as cold weather sets in I put on the secton-case, place a piece of bur- lap that will just fit inside of the case over the frames, and then fill, or nearly fill, the case with a chaff cushion. Then as fast as the work can be done I saw a piece 14 inches wide out of the middle of the front of each box or outer case, set the box where the hive stood, and then place the hive in the box so that the front end of the hive shall be just even with the front end of the box. This leaves the whole hive-front exposed to the sun. The box is then filled with chaff, or a mixture of chaff and short, broken straw, tightly pressed in, and a loose cover of boards over all. Last spring my bees were not removed from this protection till settled warm weather in spring, and they all built up rapidly and became strong early, although the spring was an unfavorable one. This arrangement makes it very convenient to feed bees that are short of stores in cold weather, as the cover can be taken off, the cushion and burlap raised and a cake of candy placed on the frames at any time in a very few minutes, I have fed some during this cold spell and found them dry and lively. There was some frost on the under side of the hive- cover and upper side of the cushion. The measure of protec- tion given may not be sufficient for higher latitudes, but here, where bees usually fly as often as once a month, I think it will be a success. I would like to know what Dr. Miller would think of such wintering at Marengo. I lived for more than 20 years about 100 miles west of the Doctor in Carroll County, Ills., and don't think I would try it there. I kept no bees then, but it was there that I purchased the right to make and use the Langstroth hive, though I never made nor used any till long after the patent had expired. dodlittle's " queen-eeaking." I am pleased with the book "Scientific Queen-Rearing," lately received and read. I had supposed it a book for queen- rearers only, but I believe now that every bee-keeper ought to have a copy, whether he rears queens or not. There is enough incidental information about bees to be worth the price of the book, and, besides, it is worth its price again for the acquaint- ance it gives with the man who wrote it. Leon, Iowa. "^ Another Plan of Uniting Nuclei. BY WM. STOLLEY. On page 116, is a plan for uniting nuclei, given by Philo S. Dilworth. Now I have a much better way to unite nuclei, as well as all sorts of colonies. I have tried it time and again, and always with perfect success, and desire to give other bee- keepers the benefit of it, and thus save trouble. If I wish to unite nuclei, I first kill all queens except th& one I wish to retain. Next I put a few slices of onion in each hive containing the bees to be united with the colony or nucleus, including the latter. In 24 hours later, I simply remove all queenless bees into the hive containing the selected queen, placing the queen and her original nucleus in the centre, while those to be united with this nucleus are to be placed on each side of the nucleus with the queeu, until the hive is full. If any more combs covered with bees are left — simply shake them off in front of the hive, and let them run in. A puff or two of smoke out of the smoker, will finish the job, and no bees will be killed — no fighting will follow. But it is likely that a number of field be?s will return to the old stand. To catch them, I also put a few slices of onions into the nearest hive to their original stand, and if near by, those bees, trying to return, will unite with the bees in that hive. This is a practicable and sure way to unite bees, and never failed with me. From Jan. 23, until Feb. 10, we had zero weather every day. Then it moderated-, and from Feb. 17, until to-day (Feb. 25) bees flew on 7 days, and yesterday the thermometer registered 66'^ Fahr. in the shade. I always winter my bees on their summer stands in my bee-house, and never lost a colony wintering in 14 years. I have double-walled hives, with square deep frames llJ^xllX inches. 1896. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 201 Upon investigation, I found one of the strongest colonies queenless, and another one with an unfertilized queen which I killed. Both colonies had superseded their old queens of 1890-91 late in October, 1894. I also found two colonies rather weak in bees, but with young and choice queens. In this instance I accomplished the uniting of the queenless bees with the nuclei containing young and choice queens in the following way : After putting in slices of onions, as stated before, I ex- changed stands, thus letting the larger bulk of the bees fly back to their old stand, finding, of course, now a young queen on hand. Those bees remaining on the combs in the queenless hives, I placed, at sundown, beside the nucleus containing the queen. It has worked like a charm again and no bees killed. In concluding I will say that we have had, and have, rather hard times in Nebraska, on account of the fearful drouth, and it it had not been for my alfalfa fields, and sweet clover, it would have been a great deal worse for my bees, than it was. All my bees are now in first-class condition, and I mean to keep thera that way, if it can be done. A beekeeper worthy the name must know the condition of his bees and the age of his queens at all times, and apply remedies promptly and judiciously. Grand Island, Neb. "MiHHesota Laagstroth " Hive aud Its Use. BY C. THEILMANN. Much has been said and written about bee-hives, and there seems to be many more different hives in use that have not yet come before the public, and which have been operated with remarkable success for many years. I wish to give a brief description of the hive I use, and the adoption aud suc- cess I have had with it so far. I kept my first colony of bees in a gum, or a part of a tree; my second colony in a store-box, and my third in a nail- keg. The first one I found in my woods in a tree, the other two were swarms which I found on some wild plum-trees. Two of these colonies swarmed the same season, for which I made boxes, and hived them. This made me five colonies the first year of my bee-keeping, without any outlay for bees, and but little expense otherwise. I got some surplus honey from them, but I don't recollect just how much, but their hives were full of nice honey. I had never kept bees before, and did not know anything about bee-keeping, but I learned enough during that season to know that gums, nail-kegs, store and other boxes were not the things to keep bees in for profit. At that time I did not know of any bee-paper or bee- books, so I went around the country to see a few scattered bee-keepers, to learn how they kept their bees. After a num- ber of investigations I saw a hive, which, to my judgment, was best adapted for this latitude and climate. I ordered 24 of them, and filled them with bees the next season ; this in- cludes the swarms with the first five colonies, which I also transferred into the new hives. This was in the summer of 1870. In 1871 I tried the regular Langstroth 10-frame hive, also some other patents as experiments, but none of them suited me as well as the first ones, and ever since then I have adopted and used this hive exclusively, and will use it hereafter until I can be convinced of a better hive for Minne- sota. I am free to say that my success in bee-keeping is partly due to this hive. The hive is called the " Minnesota Langstroth." It has a portico, and a cap over the supers or section-cases. The bot- tom-board is nailed tight to the brood-chambers, so it can be used as a feeder, when needed, by tilting up the front end 3 or 4 inches. This is the only perfect feeder I have ever tried ; it is always quickly emptied by the bees, and one man can feed a ton of honey or syrup in less than an hour's time in this way. It is always there when needed ; it takes no time to put it on the hive, and none to take it off and store it away ; neither does it occupy any extra storage room. In short, I find it the best feeder of any I have ever tried or seen, which means a large number of different kinds. The hive is 17j'2xl3^, and 11 inches deep. The frames rest on rabbets. They are 15^^x9?^ inches, inside meas- ure. The top-bar is 18 inches long, }4 inch thick, and % inch wide, with a tongue in the lower side to fasten foundation on it The bottom-bar is W^i long, stands edgewise in the end- bar, and projects a bee-space outside of the end-bars. This projection is a most excellent contrivance in handling frames quickly. It prevents the crushing of bees in taking out and putting back frames : neither can the bees stick the frames fast to the wall of the hive with propolis. There is a bee-space all around the hive, also over the frames and on the bottom — nearly K inch between the frames and the bottom. This gives room to scrape out the dead bees in winter, and also gives good ventilation for the bees. I used 9 frames the first season, and 8 frames after that. The capacity of the brood-chamber is about the same as a Langstroth 10-frame hive. My section-case holds 28 seven-to-the foot sections, has three partitions with tin strips on the lower side to hold the sections. It has 2-inch wide strips of glass in the middle of the sides (to see the condition of the sections without disturb- ing the bees), with wooden slides over the glass to shut out the light. I have no use for separators — they are a hindrance to the bees. I get straight combs by using nearly full sheets of foun- dation, by setting the hives level from side to side, and by keeping them full of bees. I do not paint my hives, because paint will hold the vapor of the bees in the hive, while nearly all, if not quite all, will escape through the pores of the wood, if not painted. This is a big consideration for the health and welfare of the bees, es- pecially in winter. The lumber for my hives is planed on one side only (the inside) the outside is left rough, which prevents refection of the hot sun in summer. It also prevents cracking and warp- ing the wood, and is more durable. From the experiments I had with painted hives, I would not use them if I were to get all my hives gratis, and a dollar per hive in cash besides. I don't keep bees for looks, but for the pay there is in it. A more shallow or painted hive may, for one season, give as much surplus honey, but for a long run of successful bee-keep- ing, my hive nas stood the test over all others in Minnesota, when properly conducted. I omitted to say that I do not use any cushions, packing, or other materials, over the brood-chamber, except a planed %-inch-thick honey-board, cleated on the ends to keep it from warping. This board is kept within a bee-space over the brood-frames all the year around, except in the honey season when the section-case takes its place, and the honey-board is then used as a cover over the case, and the hive cap is high enough to cover two section-cases. This cap make also a nice tool-bench when taken off the hive and opened for manipula- tion, as it has a flat top. In my 25 years' experience, my unpainted hives, as de- scribed above, last just as long, if not longer, then those that I had painted and planed outside. I found no saving in that respect. Theilmanton, Minn. CONDUCTED BY DR. C. C. JUILLER, AIARErfGO, ILL. [Questlon6 may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct. 1 Bees Fluttering' on the Ground. What causes bees to run out of their hive and run around on the ground, and keep their wings going as if they wanted to fly ? They are nearly twice their natural size, and the other bees seem to not notice them, as they do in bee-paralysis. J. W. S. Answer. — When a hen has her head cut off, she flutters around on the ground at a great rate. I don't know exactly what she does it for, and I doubt if she does. When a bee comes out of the hive all swelled up to die, it flutters around a little like a hen with its head cut off, only it seems more orderly about it. I don't know just why it does so, and I doubt if the bee does. making Bees Pay — How ISIany Colonies from Each P 1. In which is there the most pay or money — in rearing queens for sale, selling full colonies, nuclei, or honey ? I live where bees might be made profitable, but we have bad shipping facilities. It is about 30 miles to the nearest railroad, but wagons travel almost daily. Our principal tim- ber is oak, poplar, beech, linden, sourwood, dogwood, maple, and a great many others. We have many plants that afford honey — fruit-trees, etc. I have some artificial pasture in the summer, such as clover and buckwheat. I shall sow a good crop of the latter, as nearly all of my bees got in good order last fall from it. I have about 15 acres of clover. 2. Now, according to the above, to how many colonies 202 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 2S, ought I to increase each colony to the coming year, if it is a good honey year ? J. J. W. Mayking, Ky. Aksweks. — 1. For a beginner, I should say the best thing is to commence on honey, and only after further experience can he decide whether it will be better to run into any other line. Different persons have different ability, and surround- ing circumstances may malfe a difference. It may turn out that you can malce more money producing honey than any- thing else you can do with bees, and it is possible that after a little experience you could make it profitable to sell queens, nuclei or full colonies. But commence on the honey, and if you have th« aptitude for it you may grow into one of the other lines. 2. If the year is good, and you don't care for honey, you may have two new ones from each old one, and you might go a good way beyond that, increasing each to five or six, but in that case the great danger is that they will be so weak that you would not get them through the next winter. Better be satisfied with a moderate increase and be safe, then if the season is extra-good you can have some honey besides. Straightening Combs — Empty Brood-Combs. 1. My bees are in bad condition, as my father took care of them, or kept them. Some of the comb is crooked and some crosswise in the frames. Would it be advisable to straighten it in the same way as when transferring bees ? And how soon can it be done 1 2. If honey sections are left on in the fall, and are not fit for the following summer, how soon can they be taken off in the spring? 3. My brood-frames are just one foot square. If part of them are empty at one end, would it be advisable to take them out and insert a honey-board to keep the brood warm until they get stronger and need it ? D. E. D. Whittington, Ind. Axs'WERS. — 1. Don't meddle with the frames till the bees get fairly to work gathering on fruit-bloom. If only two or three frames are out of shape, you can cut loose the crooked parts and fasten them in straight as in transferring, but if they are all crooked, you better consider it the same as a box- hive. One advantage, however, over a box-hive is that you can get the combs out easier. With a long knife cut loose the attachments at the sides of the hive, then turn the hive upside down and dump out all the frames in a lump, and you have it so you cau see what you're doing. 2. At fruit-bloom. '6. It will help keep them warmer, providing there is no open space at the ends of the board, but only underneath so the bees can pass under. ^ I ■ Gallon Crock Feeder — Sugar for Feeding. 1. In using a gallon crock feeder, does the plate want to be bottome-side up when on the hive, the same as a crock ? 2. Will coffee A or light brown sugar do for stimulating, as well as the granulated ? W. C. H. Answers. — 1. Put the sugar and water in the crock, put the plate on upside down, then turn the whole thing over, and your plate will be right side up and your crock upside down. 2. Yes, when bees are flying every day it makes little dif- ference what kind you feed, only so the bees like it. But look out not to go to feeding before the bees go to flying. Substitutes for Natural Pollen — Rendering Wax. During the spring of 1894, shortly after the blizzard of March, I noticed my bees were gathering pollen from some source. Knowing that the soft maple bloom was all frozen, I thought I would look around and see where they were gather- ing their supply from. Passing by an out-building, I noticed quite a number of bees flying in and out of the open door. I passed in, and was amazed to see the top of a box of corn-meal left open, and the bees simply carrying it off by the pocketful. But to-day (March 11) I was more surprised than before. I was sitting near a colony which was surrounded by a thick layer of clean sawdust over the ground, and on this sawdust there were 23 bees at one time busily working in their efforts to gather the sawdust, and they gathered it, too. Indeed, it was very interesting to see them. They would first work standing on the sawdust, and then when they had gotten some of the finer particles collected, would rise probably % or one inch above the pile, and while sustaining themselves by their wings in the air, would couvey the dust to their pollen-oasket. 1. Now, what use could that sawdust be put to inside the hive? 2. Will corn meal stimulate brood-rearing if given at a time when there is no pollen to be gathered? 3. I have quite an amount of brood-combs that I wish to extract the wax from. Please tell me the best common method of so doing, and getting a good quality of wax, as I understand that wax rendered in iron vessels is generally quite dark colored. 4. Does the color of wax generally affect the price ? Weston, Ohio. N. T. S. Answers. — 1. It is a common thing to see bees work on snwdust in the spring when no pollen is to be had. It con- tains, I suppose, some of the material that's in pollen. 2. I've fed bushels of ground corn and oats to the bees when they could gather no pollen, and it probably does nearly as well as pollen, but as soon as they can get the genuine article they neglect the substitute. They take only the fine particles of the corn and oats, and the rest can be fed to cows and horses. 3. Break them up fine while so cold as to be brittle, then soak a few days in water, then extract in a sun extractor. If you haven't a sun extractor it will pay you to get one if you keep five colonies of bees. If you don't want to get one, you can extract in this way : Take an old dripping-pan, split open one corner, put the bits of wax in the pan, and put the pan in the oven of your cook-stove, having the pan tip a little so the wax will run out of the split corner. This open corner you must have projecting out of the oven, and a dish standing on the floor to catch the melted wax. 4. Yes, bright wax will sell for a higher price. A Young Lady's Experience and Questions. My papa gave me a swarm of bees on my 16th birthday, and I was delighted. I thought I would have honey to sell, also a swarm or two of bees last summer. But to my aston- ishment and disappointment they neither swarmed nor gave me any surplus honey. But they would come out and hang on the outside of the hive in great clusters, and at night all go back in. They did this for weeks. What caused them to act so? Do you think they had an inferior queen ? I thought I would get me a new queen. Which would you advise — a Car- niolan or Italian queen ? My bees were bought for Italians. Hadley, Mich. L. E. W. Answer. — Before saying wiat the trouble was, I'd like to know what other bees did at the same time. It's possible that the season was so bad that bees in general did nothing. I'm more inclined to this opinion than to say the queen was bad. For she must have been pretty faithful at laying to have so many bees that they were hanging out. And that's exactly what you might expect a strong colony of bees to do if there was little or no nectar to gather. Unless other colonies did well while this one was idle, I don't believe I'd get a new queen. At least give the old one a fair trial. I think I'd rather have Italians. I hope your bees will do better the coming season. ■ ^ A Colorado Sample of Comb Honey. I have taken the liberty of sending to you to-day, without your permission, a one-pound section of honey that was pro- duced here during the past season, and where the bees were located is at an elevation of 7,874 feet. I see by the Ameri- can Bee Journal that honey is produced in extreme northern climates, but I have failed as yet to see any mention of alti- tude. I am aware of last year's honey-crop being short, so I am willing to help out a friend (even if it be a strange friend) in time of need. I have only a few colonies. If it isn't too much trouble for you, I would like to have you tell me what the honey was produced from. I am old enough to know these things myself, but this is ray first ex- perience. The Rocky mountain bee-plant is quite plentiful here, but I failed to see the bees working on it. The first bloom here is yellow willow, next sarvisberry. and third, choke cherry, and then alfalfa, but the alfalfa is several miles off. I will also send you a few seeds from a stalk that grew near by that the bees were on early and late. The stalk grew 7 feet tall, and I should judge it had as many as 500 blossoms at once. The smell was very offensive. The stalk mentioned 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 203 resembled the hollyhock more than any other that I can com- pare it to. I woufd have sent the sample to Friend York, but I am afraid of editors, but not of doctors. S. M. B. Aspen, Colo. Answer. — It's a great shame that at your age you're not able to tell so simple a thing as to say what honey is made from! But it may be some comfort for you to know that you're not alone, for I'm not yet old enough to tell what the honey is that you were kind enough to send me. Indeed, it isn't the easiest thing to say always from what source honey is obtained. There are a few kinds, such as linden and buck- wheat, so distinctive in character that one can name them at once, but many others it's hard to be sure about. The section in question is nicely filled out and capped, but quite yellow in color, making one feel sure that the honey is rather dark. On cutting in, however, the honey is found to be very light. It is candied solid, but there are no cracks in the comb as when it has been frozen. I should judge it was strongly inclined to granulation. Nothing very remarkable about the flavor, but I don't know it. A Colorado man would be more likely to spot it. I've no idea what the plant is of which you speak. When next in bloom, send leaves and flowers to the editor, and he'll probably have it named for you. Don't be afraid to send to Editor York. If you'd see his pleasant face once you'd never be afraid of him again. Who produces honey at a higher elevation than 7,874 feet? Something for Swarms to Settle On. What is the best to put up in a bee-yard for bees to settle on when they swarm ? H. M. P. Answer. — That isn't so easy to answer, especially without knowing what's already in your yard. If trees are there now, it may be the bees will have their own notions about it, and will not take your hint to settle on something else. You might suspend from a tree or a pole something to look like a cluster of bees. Some use a bunch of dried mullein tops, and some string on a lot of dead bees. If no trees at all are present, you might get a good-sized bough of a tree and plant it in the ground, say one five or six feet high. Of course the leaves would die and wither, but it would still answer the purpose. CONDUCTED BY AfRS. JEJSrSIB ATCHLEY, BBEVILLB, TEX. Thinks the 8 -Frame Hive Too Small. Mrs. Atchlet : — I write to find out a few points about the 8 and 10 frame hives. I have 20 colonies of bees in 8- frame hives, but I don't believe they are large enough for this locality. I hived several fine swarms last season, and they worked all the time, but kept their hives filled with brood until the honey-flow had stopped, and then had barely enough honey in their hives to winter on, and will have to be fed in the spring. Now, if I had used 10-frame hives, would they have filled the two extra frames with honey, or would they have reared more brood in proportion to the size of the hive? I would also like to know which you think the best for comb and for extracted honey. Bees are doing well here, what few there are. The wild peach will soon be in full bloomT and if the weather is favor- able, then they will go to rearing brood right sharply. Our best honey-flow comes about May 10, and is principally from the holly, willow, yellow-wood, etc. I am going to try some b-banded Italians this year. I have tried the 5-banded, and must say that while they have some very good habits they have some very bad ones. I have several colonies of hybrids that are the best honey-gatherers I ever saw. If they only wouldn't swarm so much ! One colony swarmed flve times in two weeks, last season, and they are all doing very well, too, and haven't been fed an ounce of anything. I can say one thing for the Italians — the robber-bees and moths will soon starve around them. J. B. Spurlock. Spurger, Tex., Jan. 31. Friend Spurlock, I do not think it was the 8-frame hive that caused you to get no honey — it must have been your sea- son, or the bees not in proper condition to gather it. You do not say whether you used single or double stories. Of course, if you only used single-story hives, a 10-frame hive would be best. But this question, 8 or 10 frame hives, is a hard one, and I do not think there is as ranch difference as some bee- keepers imagine. You say the bees worked all the time, and kept the hive filled with brood. Maybe you had a season that just gave honey enough for the bees to build up and breed with, and not enough to store any surplus. I think if you will try 8 and 10 frame hives side by side, putting on upper stories or section-cases, you will not find much difference in the two hives. For plenty of room, tier up, and you will get plenty of room with either hive. 1 used to think that I could get more honey with a 10-frame hive, but maybe it was because I only used them, and did not try the 8-frame when I was producing comb honey. I do not think now that I would have much choice in the 10 and 8 frame. I think you would have gotten more brood with more frames, and about the same amount of honey you did get. I like either hive for both comb or extracted honey. I think your bees swarmed too much to gather honey. Bee-Culture in Mexico. I consider this a splendid field for bees, but the natives are far behind in bee-culture. In fact, I have never seen any- thing but a common gum owned by a native. There are some foreign bee-keepers here who are doing well, but none in this section. This is an elegant climate for bees ; very little cold weather during the entire winter, with early spring. I own a very nice, small orchard, 3i oranges, and H deciduous fruits. I only recently came here for my health, and I am highly pleased so far. W. H. Covington. Monte Morelas, Mexico. Saw Funny Doings in the Bee-Business. My bees did fairly well last season. I sold 1,480 pounds of honey from 28 colonies, and increased to 55. I left them on Aug. 1, and did not see them until Dec. 14, when I found two colonies dead, but the rest were in good condition. I was all through the South and East. I saw some very nice api- aries, but generally kept on the " rustle for yourselves " plan. Some were in the old box-hives with " king-bees '." When I told of gathering as much as 130 to 180 pounds from one colony, they thought I was telling a rather big fish-story. I saw some very funny doings in the bee-business: if I could only tell them, but I am no writer. A. Bisher. Baird, Tex. .*-»-^^ Honey to Produce One Pound of Bees. Mrs. Atchlet : — Seeing in the bee-papers some time ago about how much honey it takes to produce one-pound of bees, I wish to make a suggestion. If you will try the following, I think there will be more certainty in it : When honey and pollen is coming in plentifully, take about three pounds of bees, give them one worker-egg to rear a queen ; then take three pounds of bees and give them all the worker-eggs they will care for. Then when the brood is sealed, weigh each lot and see what the difference is. Of course, everything must be equal — the same amount of honey, same size combs, etc., same age bees. Give both the same amount of honey, and keep them confined, and ventilated, and this will give about as near an even test as we can well get. Try this, and report. H. Vogeleb. Paso Robles, Calif. Friend V., I am too busy just now to give your scheme a test, and have given it out to the readers of the American Bee Journal, to see who will try it and report. I suppose you allow the broodless, or the one with only one egg, to rear a queen to keep them quiet. Somebody try Mr. Vogeler's plan, and report. Jennie Atchlet. Xlial :\e>v Song-— '• Queenie Jeanette "—which is being sung everywhere, we can send vou for 40 cents, postpaid, or club it with the American Bee Journal for one year— both for only $1.10. Or. send us one new subscriber for a year (with §1.00), and we will mail you a copy of the song free. Pleaso Reinenibei' that I am twt a dealer in bee-keepers' suppUes, so do not send to me for a catalogue, etc.— Edftor. 204 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 27, PDBLISBED WEEKLY BY GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, 56 Pistil Avenue, - CHICAGO, ILI^. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. [Entered at the Post-OflBce at ChicaKO as Second-Class Mail-Matter.] EDITOR. Assisted by the following Department Editors : Dr. C. C. Miller - - - "Questions and Answers." Mrs. Jennie Atchlet - - - "The Sunny Southland." "Gleaner" - , - . "Among the Bee-Papeks." "Bee-Master" - ... - "Canadian Beedom." Dr. F. L. Peiro " Doctor's Hints." Rev. Emerson T. Abbott • - " Notes and Comments." VoLinV. CHICAGO, ILL, MAR. 28, 1895. No. 13. Editorial Budgets Don't Be Caug^llt without all the necessary hives, sections, comb foundation, etc., when the time comes to use them. It doesn't pay to wait till the last minute and then be compelled to telegraph for goods. Better get all you need long before the busy season begins, for if delayed too long supply dealers may be too much rushed to fill your orders promptly, and thus cause much loss and annoyance to you. Again I say, don't be caught ! •» ' ^ AdTCrtising: Pays.— One of the largest Western bee- supply advertisers in the American Bee Journal wrote to me in this wise, March 18 : We now have more business than we can handle. We don't know what is the matter this year. We never had such a trade. I have about 40 letters before me now unanswered, and they're gaining on me every day. If this thing keeps up, I will be a dead man before the summer is over. I have been thinking of taking out all of our advertisements of supplies, and pay for them the same as if they were run to the end of the contracts. I hope others may be able to write as encouragingly be- fore the season of 1895 is over. It's another illustration of the fact that judicious advertising pays. And the next few months is the time to do it in the bee-business. A Good Editorial by Mr. Hutchinson in the March Review, on " Journals of a Miscellaneous Character," was called out by the American Bee-Keeper having recently begun the " miscellaneous " business. After saying that class jour- nals should stick to their text, and yet assuring his readers that " there is no occasion for any quarrel over the matter " if they don't, Bro. H. closes with this fair and generous para- graph, which I most cordially endorse : Let no one think that I wish all journals to be like mine ; nothing of the kind. I am making a journal according to my ideas, and It attracts readers of similar tastes. Other men are making journals according to their standard, and I am not surprised that they find readers. The world is wide, and there is room for us all. Let each spend his energies in doing his very best as he understands it, instead of finding fault with those holding views that differ from his own. Another Kortti'westem. — Last week I said that there had been a little talk in some quarters about forming another Northwestern Bee-Keepers' Society to meet every fall in Chicago. Mr. W. Z. Hutchinson, the Secretary of the old Northwestern, has this to say in regard to it : Friend Yobk : — I was not present when the Northwestern merged its existence into the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' As- sociation. I was late in getting to the meeting that session. If I had been present I should have opposed it. There is no city on this continent where so many practical honey-producers can be gathered together as in Chicago. Most people within 200 or 300 miles of Chicago like to visit that city as often as once a year. Almost every fall there are reduced rates for some reason or another, and this is the time of the year when bee-keepers can most easily leave home. There ought to be a convention of bee-keepers in Chicago every fall. Not simply a State convention, but a district convention — one in which bee-keepers in Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, Indiana, Ohio, Iowa and Minnesota will all feel that it is their convention just as much as it is that of Illinois. Some said, " What's in a name ?" There is a good deal in it. I would go to a Northwestern convention when I would not go to an Illinois State. If Illinois wants a State conven- tion, and I think she does, and ought to have, she could hold her State convention in the spring, or several months from the time that the Northwestern met. A State convention is always largely a local affair, and I don't think that the hold- ing of a Northwestern convention in Chicago, away to the north end of the State, would seriously affect the holding of a meeting at Springfield, unless the meetings were held at nearly the same time. For one, t am in favor of organizing another Northwest- ern association to meet each autumn in Chicago. I would not do this in any antagonistic mood towards the Illinois State, for I have no such feeling towards them, and should most sincerely desire their co-operation. Let the matter be dis- cussed— I am willing to abide by the majority. Flint, Mich. W. Z. Hutchinson. Truly, Mr. Hutchinson offers some pretty good reasons why there should be another Northwestern bee-keepers' society organized. What say others who are interested in this matter ? •»-—*■ Sulphur Acorns.— A sample of sulphur acorns is received from a Connecticut firm, intended for use wherever it is desirable to fumigate with sulphur. Balls of sulphur, perhaps combined with some other ingredient, are made in the shape of an acorn, these acorns being made of any size de- sired. They light readily, simply by touching a lighted match to them. For the use of bee-keepers whenever it is desirable to fumigate with sulphur, they would certainly be a great convenience, the only question being as to expense. Iflr. S. J. Baldwin, who made a pleasant call at the Bee Journal office during the World's Fair in 1893, and who is one of the very prominent bee-men of England, wrote me in a letter dated March 4, that his three months' trip to and in our country " wrought a most wonderful change and im- provement" in his health. He is seriously thinking of re- peating the trip this year, in the autumn, which I trust he will do. ■*-"■* The S-weets that "Waste (see pages 173 and 174) would have been " sweeter " if no error had occurred in put- ting it in type. Read it again, and then when you come to the 18th line from the top of page 174, read thus : " will seek the right for the joy it finds in it, and they will love the farm and all that pertains to it," etc. That whole "comment" is worth reading over about four times. It's a gem. Sweet Clover or Melilot has been referred to very frequently in the American Bee Journal as an excellent honey-plant. Mr. M. M. Baldridge, of St. Charles, 111., re- cently sent me what he calls "Special Bulletin No. 2" on " White Melilot or Melilotus Alba," and from that 4-page 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 205 bulletin I have taken the liberty to reproduce the following closing paragraphs for the Bee Journal readers : Melilotus is also a first - class honey- plant. The honey therefrom is of light color, and of yery fine quality. The plant is a profuse bloomer, and it remains in blos- som several weeks at a time. The blossoms are so minute and numerous that the bees are able to secure therefrom a large amount of honey, which, to the bee- keeper who grows melilotus, is an addi- tional profit. Even if melilotus had no other value it would be profitable for bee- keepers to grow it for honey alone. I have been practically ac- quainted with melilo- tus for about 35 years. My first ac- quaintance with this plant began in western New York in 1858. In 1861 I came to northern Illinois, and since that year I have had an extensive year- ly acquaintance with the plant, as it grows here luxuriantly, and in great abundance. On the richest land here the plant, when permitted to attain its full growth the second year, often reaches the height of 6 to 8 feet. The seed matures here in August and September, but in the South it ripens in July and August. WHEN TO sow THE SEED. The seed of melilotus may be sown at any time of the year in the North ; but, in the South, the best time, so I am reliably advised, is early in the fall or spring, or late in the winter ; in short, the very best time being from February to to April, either alone or with grain. The better way is to prepare the ground by plowing and harrowing, as for grain, and then harrow the seed in. This plan insures a good "catch." In Kansas, where melilotus is grown successfully, and extensively as pasturage for hogs, the practice is to cover the seed, if possible, from one to two inches deep, or even deeper. This may be done by means of the drill. The seed should not be sown mixed with grain, but separately, and at the rate of from five to ten pounds per acre ; but some prefer a thicker seeding of from 15 to 20 pounds per acre. For honey alone, five pounds of seed per acre is ample, as the plants stool better, and will remain in bloom longer; but, of course, is not so desirable for hay, or pasture, as the plants are not so fine and numerous as with the thicker seeding. HOW TO SECURE THE SEED. 1 have this year (1894) taken pains to secure a large supply of the seed, and, from what I know, is the genuine melilotus alba. Now, to any who may desire to seed down a small plat of ground to melilotus, and as an experiment, it will give me pleasure to mail a package of the seed on request, but on condition that they will, at the proper time, report to me their success, and also that they will send me enough pos- tage to cover the expense of mailing the seed. St. Charles, III. M. M. Baldbidge. The engraving of sweet clover shown above is considered by Mr. Baldridge as being the best he has ever seen. I repro- duced it last year for^these columns from a picture in an old Government Report. ^n)or)^ i)r)c Bee-Papers Conducted by '• ai^EA.NER.' GIVEN FOUNDATION MADE ON BOLLS. Gleanings says they have been experimenting, and are now working on a set of rolls on which they expect to make an exact duplicate of foundation made on the Given press, in which shall be all the good qualities of both the rolled and the Given foundation. A consummation greatly to be desired. But we'll wait and see. QUEENS TO FOEEIGN COUNTRIES. Doolittle, in Gleanings, says he concluded from experi- ments made by confining queens at home, that 26 days' con- finement was the limit. He afterwards found that a queen he sent to Australia by express, being accidentally delayed at San Francisco, was actually 65 days on the way ! The queen was all right. Besides the "Good" candy, he puts into the cage a piece of comb with a few cells of unsealed honey and the rest empty cells, so that the bees can store the candy in the cells if it gets too soft. SWEET CLOVER IN DALLAS COUNTY, TEXAS. Cows prefer sweet clover. I have two acres of this adjoining the alfalfa. The gate opens just on the line be- tween the two. I soon noticed the cows turning to the sweet clover. I then noticed very closely ; and since that time, without a single exception, the cows would first turn to the sweet clover. This satisfies me that cows prefer it; but, like alfalfa, it produces the very best of milk and butter. 1 have tried all the different varieties of clover here. Alfalfa and sweet clover are the only two that will make a success in this part of the country.— J. D. Givens, in Gleanings. IN-BREEDING OF BEES. At the big German convention Herr W. Vogel related that he had visited a bee-keeper in 1857 whose father and grand- father had kept bees, the grandfather by the hundreds of colonies. Herr Vogel found the number reduced to two col- onies, the bees being small, with little energy. Inquiring, he found the nearest bees were miles away, and he advised the purchase of two or three colonies from a distance, to infuse fresh blood. The advice was followed, and five years later the man wrote, "My apiary is flourishing." SOME LOCKED-UP HINTS, On page 168, Mr. M'Neal objects to Mr. Chapman's giving a hint and then putting the key in his pocket, and before he gets through Mr. M'Neal does the very same thing himself. He says, " Clipping the queen's wings down to mere stubs is not entirely without merit"— but doesn't give the slightest hint wherein the plan has any merit over the usual way of clipping. Putting in foundation with glass and hot water may suit him very well if he has tried nothing better, but has he ever tried one of the best foundation fasteners ? His idea as to the cause of swarming is original, and is worth thinking about. COMB AND EXTRACTED HONEY FROM THE SAME APIARY. In an article in Progressive, G. M. Doolittle winds up thus : "I conclude that it is the most profitable for the apia- rist to work for both comb and extracted honey in the same apiary, rather than to have two separate apiaries, one to be devoted to the production of either kind exclusively." ABUSE OF THE SMOKER. It seems to me no humane person should want to use a particle of smoke more than necessary, for surely it isn't pleasant for the bees ; but, really, is it as bad as one would be led to think from reading page 174 ? The injudicious use of the smoker is there charged with an indefinite amount of mortality among the bees. Whilst granting the unpleasant- ness to the bees and the cruelty on the part of the operator, X am somewhat skeptical as to the "mortality " part. I once wanted to get some bees out of some combs that I could not brush, and smoked them very heavily without success. I then concluded I would kill them, and gave them a pretty heavy dose of brimstone. Those bees dropped, but after getting the air became lively as— bees. Try it sometime, and see if you can make wood-smoke dense enough to actually kill a bee. 206 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 27, CONDUCTED BY Rev. Ernorson T. Abliott, St. Joseph, JlXo. Correct. — "When honey is mentioned as frequently as other foods ; when honey is looked upon in its proper light as an economical and staple article which should be found upon every table as butter now is ; when that time comes, bee- keeping will have reached its proper development." — Editorial in Canadian Bee Journal. This is very well and truly said, and the indications at present all point in the direction of a more thorough knowl- edge of the true value of honey on the part of the general public. If we had more men like Friend Holtermann who go about the country preaching the gospel of sweet things, this consummation so much to be desired could be hastened forward more rapidly. The bee-keepers are very much to blame for this lack of knowledge on the part of many people, as they have been inclined to devote too much time to the dis- cussion of things of interest to themselves, and have had but little thought of the general public in all they have said and done. If bee-keepers do not advertise the honey-business to the world, who will? 'Wbat are Xhey?— "By no stretch of the imagina- tion can bees be classed as animals." — British Bee Journal. If not animals, what are they ? They are surely not veg- etables nor minerals. I have a faint remembrance of reading a long time ago of " three kingdoms," and the bee must surely belong to one of them. It seems to me " by no stretch of the imagination " can a bee be called anything else but an animal. Go SlO'W. — "I do not see how he could conscientiously write the article, unless he, a friend, or some one else ivhom he Wdnts to defend is nuilty." — D. S. Jenkins, on page 179. (The italics are mine). It is evident to me that Mr. Jenkins failed entirely to comprehend the spirit of the article which he attempts to crit- icise, but I want to say just here and now, and once for all, that no man must say in public print, or even hint, that Emerson T. Abbott adulterates honey, or winks at it on the part of his friends. Mr. Jenkins may top onto any of my arguments which may not suit him, but he would better go a little slow about suggesting that I may be guilty of a fraud. Now, Mr. Editor, let me suggest that you do not give space to any suggestion of this kind again; for, if any man shall venture to charge me with adulteration in public print, he may stand a good chance of getting into trouble, let his name be what it may. I suggest, in all fairness, that Mr. Jenkins read his letter over again and see if he does not wish he had not put it just that way. I may have something to say of the merits of the article to which he refers, in the future. f I don't believe that anyone would for a moment think that Mr. Abbott would do such a thing as Mr. Jenkins hinted at. Mr. A. is not that kind of a person, and surely Mr. J. did not realize what he was uttering. I trust Mr. Abbott will accept my own apology for allowing it to go in at all. I mean to be careful, but. like most other people, I am not above making mistakes. — The Editor.] Shall "We Go Back to Box-Hives?— "Of the many experiments I have tried, there is but one plan that has proved successful and practical, and that is to keep bees in old-fashioned box-hives for breeders, taking the honey for market from the new swarm."— J. P. Gates, in American Bee-Tveeper. I am not sure but there Is more in this suggestion than one would be inclined to think at lirst, but let this be as it may, there is, no doubt, a valuable point here for the beginner, the following out of which will be of value to him in more ways than one. I have long since ceased to urge upon people who have bees in box-hives to have them transferred, as I think this is always done at a loss. Leave the bees where they are, as there can be no iiuestion that they will winter better in such hives than they will in any modern hive. When spring opens, conline them to the lower story, if the box-hive has an upper story, as many do, and let them alone until they swarm. Have some hanging-frame hives ready, with the frames filled with foundation, and as soon as the swarm is out, move away the box-hive, and set the new one in its place. Set the box-hive just behind it with the entrance turned in the opposite direction, and then hive the swarm in the new hive. The second day turn the box-hive around, and set it by the side of the new one. Leave it there two or three days, and then move it to some other part of the yard and let it alone. Now put a set of sections filled with foundation on the new hive, and see how quickly they will be working in them. When the first lot of sections are about half full, lift them up and put under them as many more fixed in the same way, and see how quickly this colony will fill both of them. In many localities the box-hive colony will not swarm any more. If it does, put two such swarms together and then treat in the same way. You will soon have all the bees you want in modern hives, and at the same time save yourself a good deal of fuss and muss, and perhaps some dollars which otherwise you might have paid some would-be " bee-tamer " to transfer them. Good Advice. — " Avoid the handling of bees and opening of hives during the spring." — R. P. Holtermann. Here is good advice especially for beginners. I have been of the opinion for a long time that it is very injurious to open the hives frequently during the early spring. A great many have the idea that they must examine the bees every day to see how they are coming on. In my opinion this is a very great mistake. Especially is this true if said examination involves opening the hive and taking out all the combs. It is a very easy thing to chill the young, tender brood when there is a cold wind blowing. Even though it is not cold enough to do this, it disturbs the bees and causes them to lose that much time. The longer I keep bees, the more I am convinced that the less they are disturbed the better it is, and this is true with emphasis during the early spring months. The bee-keeper should learn to judge of the condition of a colony by a glance at the entrance. If this does not prove satisfactory, then a hasty examination of the brood-chamber may be made, remov- ing as few combs as possible. Of course, there are times when it may be necessary to remove all of the frames and examine them carefully, but I am quite sure that the less frequently this is done the better it will be for the bees. Conducted by " BBE-XIA.STER." Climatic Couditions. This a very important practical subject, especially in con- nection with the winter problem. There is much discussion among bee-keepers as to the relative merit of cellars and out- door wintering, and in the course of argument, differences of climate are often forgotten. The gist of the matter was well stated at the last annual meeting of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association, by Mr. R. H. Smith, of St. Thomas, as follows : — "Our first experience was with clamp wintering packed in chaff, but later we found a good cellar less labor and more satisfactory where such long, cold winters and low tempera- tures are the rule. Now that we are located in the southern part of the Province we find clamp-wintering to be the best for the following reasons : The bees are never moved from the summer stand but are packed in the same position as they have been all summer, consequently they do not require mov- ing together as for the old system of clamp-wintering or car- rying into the cellar. The bees can always get a flight if the weather is fine enough as it usually is several times during the winter with us, but the greatest saving is in the spring when setting-out time comes they do not have a general flight as cellar-wintered bees, with the attendant risk of swarining-out, when some colonies will gel too many bees and others be depopulated. It also covers what is generally considered essential, and that is spring protection, as they are not un- packed till settled warm weather. This plan is less expensive than chaff hives, and better in many ways than packing each hive separately." Cellar-wintering for Muskoka, a point very far north, and clamp-wintering for St. Thomas, a point well to the south in Otttario, seem to be the conclusions arrived at by Mr. Smith*as 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 207 the result of a long experience in the north, and a brief trial of the south. While he was about it, he might have told us some at least of the " many ways " in which clamp packing of hives in quartettes is better than packing each hive separately in chaff hives. I have never tried the clamp method, thinking the single plan more convenient. The clamp method is often advocated for economy of warmth, but two or three inches of greater width in the double walls will make things even under that head. This is my fourth winter's trial of a small house-apiary and, so far, I think it the best of all methods of out-door wintering. The packing can be gradually done as autumn deepens into winter. There is no trouble with heavy covers. Each colony is readily accessible at all times. It is but to brush aside the loose covering of forest leaves, chaff, cork dust, or what not, and you can investigate any colony desired. Then in spring, the unpacking can be done gradually as the packing was done in the fall. On the score of economy, the house-apiary " takes the cake." It can be built of the same rough, cheap lumber as the clamps, and even with the commonest material can be made to look neat and artistic. Then there is no trouble clearing away the rough cases and packing when warm weather comes to stay. The house-apiary is good for all the year round. In summer, it furnishes shade and ventilation for both bees and bee-keeper, with shelter that makes manip- ulation practicable in all weathers, and at all times, both day and night. L.anibton and Brant Bce-Kcepers' Convcntioni. The annual meeting of the Lambton Bee-Keepers' Asso- ciation was held in the village of Wyoming, Feb. 24. There was a number present, some of whom drove a considerable distance. The president, Mr. Mowbray, occupied the chair in his usual able manner. The minutes of last meeting were read and dopted, and the secretary-treasurer presented his report, after which Mr. C. Boyd and W. Granger were ap- pointed auditors, who found the books correct. The election of oCBcers and dfrectors for the ensuing year then took place, which resulted as follows: W. Mowbray, Sarnia, President: C. Boyd, Petrolia, Vice- President; J. R. Kitchin, Weidmann, Secretary-Treasi;rer ; directors, M. A. Jones and G. Porbis, Kertch ; W. Granger, Wyoming, and Jno. Armstrong, Wansted. The Brant Bee-Keepers' Association met at the Court House, December 15, 1894. Amongst those present were Messrs. Patterson, Shaver, Morris, Berkett, Edmonson and Holtermann. The Secretary's report showed a balance on hand of $5.43, members having been furnished the Canadian Bee Journal upon payment of extra fee of 25 cents. The accounts were audited by Messrs. Morris and Patterson and found cor- rect. Election of officers resulted as follows : — R. P. Holtermann, Brantford, President; James Shaver, Caiusville, Vice-President ; C. Edmonson, Brantford, Sec- retary-Treasurer. Delegates to the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Con- vention, Stratford, Messrs. Edmonson and Patterson. Honey & Beeswax Market Quotations. CHICAGO. III.. Mar. 18.— Demand is good for all gradPS of honey excepting: dark comb. We quote: Fancy comb, 15c.; No. 1, 14c. Ex- tracted, 5@6J4c. J. A. L. CHICAGO, III.. Mar. 7.— During the past two weeks a good movement has been felt In the market. Sales have been in small lots, but quite frequent. We quote: White comb of the highest grade, 14c.; off in color, 13® 13!^c.; yellow. lOOllc ; dark, 7@9c, Ex- tracted. 5Vi@ 7e.— the higher price for white in 60-lb. cans. Beeswax, 28@30c. K. A. B. & Co. KANSAS CITY. Mo., Mar. 14.— Demand la fair for comb and extracted. We quote: No. 1 white, 1-lbs.. 14@13c.; No. 2whlte.l2@l3c.; No. 1 amber, ll@l'3c.; No. 2 amber. 10@llc. Extracted, 4V^@6^4c. Beeswax. 22@25c. C. C. C. & Co. CINCINNATI, O., Mar. IS.— Demand is slow for extracted and comb honey, with a fair supply. We quote: Comb honey, 13@16c. for best white. Extracted, 4@7c. Beeswax Is in good demand at 25@28c. for good to choice yellow. C. F. M. &S. PHILADELPHIA, PA., Feb. 13. — Comb honey is very plenty and slow of sale at 12® 13c. Extracted In fair demand at 5®6!4c. Beeswax scarce at 30@31c. W. A. S. NEW YORK. N. Y., Feb. 20. -We are gradu- ally working down our stock of comU honey, and the indications are that we will succeed in disposing of all of the white honey and pos- sibly all of the dark during the spring, at fol- lowing quotations: Fancy white. 1-lbs., 12c.; fair. 10c. ; buckwheat, 8@9c. The market is well supplied with extracted honey. Demand is fair for choice grades, while common stock is neglected. We quote: White clover and basswdod, 5i4@6c.; buckwheat. b&hViC.; Southern. 45@55c. per gallon, according to quality. Beeswax firm and in good demand at30@31c. H. B. JfcS. BUFFALO. N. Y., Mar. 16.— The honey mar- ket is getting quite well cleaned up here. We quote: Fancy, 13@14c. ; choice. ll@12c.; buckwheat and commoner grades. 7@8c. Ex- tracted is in very light demand here, and we would not advise shipments. B. & Co. SHIP ^^^^ Dried Fruits, or Your Butter. Esrsrs, Poultry, Veal, Beans, Potato es, H ides. Pelts. AVool, Hay, F Grain. Oreen and Dried Fruits, or ANYTHING YOU MAY HAVE to us. Quirk sales at the highest market pri<-e and pi-onipt retxirns made. Write fur prices or anv Information you may want. SUMMERS, MORRISON & CO., S?^ci'a^C 174 South AVater St., Chicago, 111. Befebence— Metropolitan National Bank, Chicago, (j-i I ;;i l-* lease mt'nlinn thu Bee Jouura . List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers, Most of whom Quote In this Journal. CtaicagOa Ills. J. A. Lamon, 43 South Water St. R. A. BtTRNETT & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. Y. F. I. Sage & Son, 183 Reade Street. HiLDRETH Bros. & Seqelken. 28 & 30 West Broadway Chas. Israel & Bros,. 110 Hudson St. I. J. Stringham, 105 Park Place. Kansas City, JHo. O. C. CLEM0M8 & Co., 423 Walnut St. Buffalo, N.Y. BATTERSON & Co., 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chas. Dadant & son. Pbiladelphta, Fa. Wm. A. Selser, 10 Vine St. Cincinnati, Oblo. C. F. MUTH & Son, cor. Freeman & Central avs. DouTeution moticeM. Minnesota.— The regular semi-annual meet- ing of the Southern Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Association will be held on the first Monday in May. 189.T, at LaCrescent, Minn. All bee- keepers invited. E. C. Cornwell, Sec. Winona, Minn. iJTAH. — The Utah Bee-Keepers' Association will hold their semi-annual meeting on Thurs- day, April 4,1895. at 10 a.m.. In the Fish Com- missioner's rooms in the new city and county building, Salt Lake City. Prove. Utah. Geo. E. Dudley, Sec. Wasbington.— The next meeting of the Western Washington Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion will be held on Monday, April 8, 1895. Subjects of interest to bee-keepers will be dis- cussed. Bee-keepers are invited to attend. Tacoma, Wash. L. D. LiTTOOY, Sec. Texas.— The Texas State Bee-Keepers' As- sociation will hold it^ 17th annual convention at the apiary of W, K. Graham, in Greenville. Tex., on Wednesday and Thursday, April 3 and 4, 1895. All interested are invited to at- tend. "No HOTEL bills." Ft. Worth, Tex. Dr. Wm. R. Howard. Sec. A Binder for holding a year's num- bers of the Bee Journal we mall for only 75 cents; or clubbed witt the Journal for $1.60. spending On iSs in the manufacture of COMB FOUNDATION. Results Lowest Prices and Best Work. Wax Wanted. Frice-List and Samples Free. W.J. Finch.Jr., Springfield, 111 FOR SALE CHEAP FOR GASH. 1 Colony Italian Bees in 10-frame Langstroth hive, $5.00; 2 or more, S4.00 each. Tested Italian Queen $1,00. Address. OTTO KLEIIVOW, 122 Military Ave., DETROIT. MICH. Mention tlic American Bee JouniaJ- 500 BblS. Sweet^P^ V^llnur lorwPV Best Variety, $3 OO per bbl. H5I10VV JtjINtjJ Second Size— $-2.50 per bbl. Red Bermuda. Red Spanish. Southern Queen —$4.00 per bbl. 5 ';'■• Discount on obbl. lots. Our Slock is Fine. Order now and secure a supply at reasonable prices. L, H. Wm, Box 143, Terre Haute, Inil. 13 A3 Mention the American Bee JoumaL Foil SAliE — 40 acres of choice, healthy pine-land, partly cltared, with house and barn near a 1'. O.. H mile from Gulf; fine bee- range — for only $700 ! Reason, having two places. C'HIS. INORItlAN, 12Atf ST. PETBHSBORG, FLA. GOLDEN BEAUTIES And 3-Banded Italian Also Silver-Gray Carniolan Queens Reared in separate yards. Italians warranted purely mated, all at same price. Untested, $1.00 each; ."> or over. 10 per cent. oft. Tested Italian, $l..i0. Write for Catalog of Bee- Keepers' Suppllew. Gi Di BANKoTON, BurlisonCo.TEXAS. 13A Please mention the Bee Journal. Of tills Journal «lio ivrlte to any of our advertisers, eltlier in ordering, or asking about the Goods offered, will please state tUat they saw the Advertisement In this paper- READERS 208 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 27, I Will PAY the FREICHT ?e°etveSonorle. Bcc-Keepers' Supplies fore April 15th amountlag to JlS.OOorover.it catalog: prices, to all points within the State of Iowa, and halt of your freight to points in ad jolnlng^ States. IniiiieiiBe Stork. Larije Wholesale ami Hrtall Catalog Free. AddreBS, JOSEPH NYSEWANDEB, 12A2t DES MOINES. IOWA. Metitlon the AmcTlcnn Bee Journal. EGGS FOR HATCHING ^"iTfo^'^if-Iic: and $1.00 per l.'>. Semi for Circular. AUQUST GOETZE 8t SOK, 12A2 3822 Wood St., WHEELING, W. VA. MeniUm Vie AmerUxm Bee JowrwU. 500 Nuclei Must be Sold This Year ! 1 frame-Nucleus, 75 cts.; with Queen, $1.00 2 '■ •• $1.25 1.50 3 •' " 1.65; " " 2.00 Queens any time, 30 cents. Satisfaction guar- anteed or money refunded. Orders booked now— Bees when you want them. Money Or- der office and P. 0.. Gunnison, Miss. 12A3t J. H. SIPLES. Mention the American Bee Jourtinl. -SECTIONS- Having a large stock of 7-lo-foot and 1 15-16 inch Sections, will sell them— So. 1 White $1.75 M; Cream $1.25 M Discount on Quantity. These are perfect Sections. Catalogue of Supplies and Bees Free. I. J. STRI\OHA9I, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK, N. T. Promptness Is What Counts ! Honey- Jars, Shipping- Cases, and ev- k erythingthat bee-keepers use. Root's I Goods at Root's Frtces, and the best shipping point in the country. Healer in Honey and Beeswax. Cata- i°6rJalAve.™terS.Pouder INDIANAPOLIS, IND. Mention the American Bee Jmimal. QNi 'aaiiASNVAa eve 'MaASIMKaTTVAV "3 T jfq paqsiiqnj ■sj3q3H9X oisnjv o% noijonpaa -piBdjsod sineo 0^ 93iJcI '.Suns jdAOJaq^ ^iq "8 saj^uj^ -OVOS KXTVAV V— i 1S3J.V1 3HJ. aUV3H noA 3AVH THE A. I. BOOT COS GOODS IN MISSOURI .*J2-page Catalogue Free. 4Atf John Nebel A- Son, HIgb Hill, Mo. WhEM answering this ADVERTiSCMENT, MENTION THIS JOUHNM.. Wajits or Exclianges. This department is only for your •' Wants " or boua-ncie ** Exchanges," and such will be Inserted here at 10 cents a line for each time, when specially ordered into this depart- ment. Exchanges for cash or for price-lists. or notices otfering articles for sale, will not be inserted here— such belong in the regular advertising columns, at regular rates. WANTED— 25 to 100 Hives of Bees. Who can luratsh thtm the cheapest? I will ^Ive "in exchange fc)r bee - hive machinery. Queens bred from a straight, 5-banded breeder valued at $.50, or from best imported stock. Address, U. G. QUIUIN, 12A.it Bellevue, Ohio. "IXTANTED- Farm (with horses and farming f T implements) to work on shares. State best terms. I am a good liee keeper- K. TAYLOK, 4T W. Fiillcnon Ave., CHicioo. a^O EXCHANGE- Sec-lions or Queens, for - Basswood Trees. 1. ,1. STKINGIIAM. 13A2 105 Park Place, New Yoik. N. Y Qei;)cral licn)s^ Good Honey Year Expected. We are now having spring weather, and bees are in fine condition. They have win- tered well, notwithstanding the severity of the weather, and everything points to a good honey year in East Tennessee. Sam Wilson predicts a light flow from basswood and sourwood, but wo hope that he has re- covered too early. H. P. Coleman. Sneedville, Tenn., March 12. Her Bees Wintering Nicely. My bees are wintering nicely, although a great many bees died In this vicinity dur- ing the recant cold weather. The American Bee Journal is a welcome visitor at our house. 1 could not get along without it. Mrs. D. F. Heiser. Ottawa, Kans., Feb. 26. Bees D3ring with Diarrhea. My bees are dying with the diarrhea. They had no flight from Dec. 23 to March 5. I winter them on the summer stands. I have 25 colonies. Last year was a poor one here. Ldthek Bryant. Carbondale, Pa., March 12. Prospects for a Good Honey-Flow. I winter my bees on the summer stands, packed in straw, and so far I have lost but 2 colonies this winter, with plenty of stores, which I cannot account for. I have 18 left yet, with a good prospect for a good honey- flow the coming season. I commenced in 1S91 with one colony, which I got in the woods; in 1892 I bought 6 more, and in 1S93 I bought 5 more, but I have never gotten very much honey, it be- ing too dry, but I have always made ex- penses. InlS93Ihad increased to 14. We have had so much honey-dew, and I lost 10 colonies, but I am not discouraged yet, although bee-keeping in this part of the country is considered a small business. But I feel confident it will pay if conducted rightly. J. J. Yoder. Chesterville, 111.. Feb. 5. Gathering Honey and Pollen. The bees are getting lots of honey and pollen, and have been doing so for quite awhile, but we will lose a great deal of honey on account of the bees being weak and the flowers ahead of time, which is rather a bad combination. However, if we get another rain it will give us later bloom, and we may gather a large crop. John W. Lewis. Redlands, Calif., March 10. Cornmeal Pollen — Supers, Etc. This country is known the world over as the drouth-stricken district, but does not look very drouthy to-day, as we enjoyed a soaking rain which continued all of last night. Two weeks ago there was two feet thick ice on the Republican river; to-day it is sailing over our mill-dam as mush ice. We had but little snow, but on the whole a solid winter after Jan. 1. I have 2S colonies of bees which are packed in chaff, or rather oat-hulls — as you see by my letter head I am interested in flour and oatmeal business. I have had bees for five years, and have never known them confined to their hives over one month at a time. There is a great deal of alfalfa raised here which furnishes nearly all our honey. My bees make much trouble about our mills at this time of the year, as they are crazy to get pollen ; and as 1 have heard the question asked many times as to what is best to feed for pollen, I would say I have placed in a long trough in separate piles, wheat flour, wheat Graham, rye flour, rye Graham, ground oats, oatmeal, buckwheat flour, cornmeal (yellow and white), and found the bees would hardly touch any- thing else until the cornmeal was all gone; it is decidedly their preference, though they go into the mills and ball up the dust from the dust rooms. Much has been said also regarding supers, many favoring section-holders so as to move the outside sections to the center when the center sections are full, or nearly so. I use a double super, each holding 13 sections ; when well filled over the center I change ends with the supers, which brings the outside to the center, and in place of section-holders I nail the pattern slats solid to the super, and leave one side of the super loose, and fasten it on with hooks. I like the arrangement much better than so many loose pieces. I use 2-story chaff hives of the Champion style; it is an excellent hive, but I am a strong believer in deeper brood-chambers. O. K. Olmstead. Orleans, Nebr., Feb. 26. Gathering Manzanita Honey. My bees are doing well. They have been gathering manzanita honey for the past month. This promises to be a good season for bees. C. W. Kerlin. Monterey, Calif., March 9. Prospects for a Good Honey-Flow. The prospects for a good honey -flow are all right. The bees are wintering well so far. Honey retails for 22 cents a pound. Our main honey-flow is from white clover. Ai.viN T. Ball. E. Blackstone, Mass., March U. Bee-Keeping in Iowa. Apiculture has run low in this part of Iowa. Ten years ago Lucas county counted her colonies of bees by the thousands; now they won't number as many hundreds. Bee- men say that they don't pay expenses any more. And I must acknowledge that it is somewhat discouraging. White clover is all gone, and linden is being destroyed at a fearful rate. Red clover will be our main dependence in the future. I find that my bees can gather honey from red clover when these is nothing else for them. We have had a nice winter here, only six weeks, and eight inches of snow. To-day (Feb. 28), the bees on the summer stands, are bringing in the first pollen. I have 8 colonies on the summer stands, and 46 in a cave; the latter are very quiet, and are wintering well. I have been in the bee- business for 15 years, and took the Ameri- can Bee Journal for 10 years prior to this. I see a correspondent asked Dr. Miller how long a colony of bees could be kept in a cellar. He replied, probably four or five months. I have kept them in my cave six months, and they came Jut in fine con- dition every time. Wm. Malone. Newbern, Iowa. An Experience with " Foul Brood." In June. 1892. foul brood got started in my apiary. During that year and the next it got into more than TO hives. I cured it by the starvation plan. I have 90 colonies to-day, and have seen no foul brood for one year. Now 1 want to tell how I think my bees got it (which I think will be the most important part of this letter). I believe it developed in my own bee- yard. I have been so sure of it that I pro- posed to give Mr. Root, or any other re- sonsible man, $5.00 if my plan would not produce foul brood. If it did produce it I would give him nothing. He never an- swered my letter, because he did not be- lieve it was possible, for he thinks that would be spontaneous generation. I do not believe it would, for I claim the germ that produces foul brood is in every young larval bee when in a healthy state. If any one wants to try the experiment, here is the formula: Take a quantity of young 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 209 brood just sealed (drone-brood is the best, but take some of both, say five pounds, or more would be better), put it out some cold night, or put it near ice if the weather is not cold. Let it stay one night, then put it in a warm place, about one-third or one- half of the bulk covered in water. Keep it moist and away from bees for three weeks. By this time the germs of foul brood will be developed. The mass of brood must be kept in bulk, and kept moist in a warm place after the first night. If it dries or freezes the most of three weeks, bacillus alvei would not be developed from the germ. Now expose this to your bees, and note the result. I know this is not in accord- ance with the views of most bee-keepers, but that does not keep it from being a fact. Certain decomposition will develop the germs that produce most of the diseases of the human family ; it will also among the bees. I do not believe God made foul brood and gave it to the bees in the beginning ; if he did not, there was a time when it started. If anybody, or everybody, wants to say anything against this, just let them say it. It will not hurt my feelings ; though I know they are not quite all against me. I be- lieve it was Mr. Coggshall, of New York, who claimed that quantities of chilled brood would cause foul brood. The authors are correct in regard to the cure of the disease if directions are strictly followed. J. F. Teel. Elmont, Tex. Had Several Good Flights. Bees have come through the cold all right, so far as I have learned, and they have had several good flights lately. Joseph E. Shaver. Priedens, Va., March 4. Ancient Bee-Superstitions, Etc. I admire the contributions of the "old man eloquent" of American apiculture — Mr. Chas. Dadant — his early struggles, his failures, and ultimate success. Born, as he must have been, at the time of my honored father, who, in a remote English village .50 years ago, took surplus honey from bees through a "box," as be called it, placed on top of the hive; but there, unlike Mr. Dadant, his ingenuity ceased, for at the fall there was the same wholesale slaughter of bees by brimstone. And as late as 20 years ago, it was religiously necessary to put the bees into mourning at the death of my mother, but when he (my father) died three years after, I failed to do it, to the horror of friends and relatives! But to their surprise the bees lived ! I have kept bees myself for 20 years, ofif and on ; as my business takes me from home, I could never manage but a few. This year I am sowing down, as a trial, two acres of lucerne or alfalfa. Two extra- strong colonies are busy to-day gathering pollen from the willows. I think. They are looking quite green in the distance. The bees are out on the summer stands, with but a sort of shell or empty hive, with gable roof to keep off the rain. Mine are blacks — the only kind I could purchase here, but I will Italianize them next summer. Ernest L. Etheridge. Victoria, B. C, Feb. IS. Score a Big One for Foundation. Bees in this vicinity have wintered re- markably well. I have investigated re- ported losses, and find nearly all perished colonies were in small hives. I am having made a frame that will just fit a dovetailed body and super. I am using full sheets of heavy brood foundation well wired — no starters go with me. They don't pay. I hived two swarms on Aug. 1, 1894. of equal strength — No. 1 on 8 full sheets of founda- tion, and No. 2 on inch strips of foundation. This was right in the middle of a fine honey- flow. No. 1 built out their foundation in 12 days, and I placed 8 more drawn-out combs above them. The honey-flow was very heavy, and lasted unabated until Oct. 1. By that time I extracted 128 pounds of well ripened honey, which I got 12}< cents a pound for, making $16. No. 2 lost lots of valuable time in building crooked comb. I extracted .56 pounds from them, which, at 121,,' cents, ^as -^T.OU; making a difference of J9.00 between the two colonies. The foundation cost me, with wiring, 60 cents tor No. 1, and I now have 8 good strong extracting-combs. This shows that if bees build their own comb it costs the bee-keeper just i;9.00 a pound, whereas we can have straight, all- worker comb at 60 cents a pound. I hope this will wake up some of the old fogies, who persist in saying that full sheets of foundation don't pay. J. C. Wallesmbter. Evansville, Ind. A Splendid Season Promised. The bees in this section are building up very fast. So far the season promises to be a splendid one for bees. L. L. Jackson. Soledad, Calif., March 6. A "Testscope" for 'Wintering. I have made and used a tube about 4 feet long, and about 2'.j inches in diameter, to put to my ear to listen to the bees during the winter confinement. Being 4 feet long, a man can stand while listening to the bees. I can tell every weak colony, and tell every one that is dead, to the very day they die, if observation is made daily, no matter how cold. It is simple and cheap, being made thus: Take a piece of paper about 3x4 feet, and paste it with flour paste. Have a good smooth stick about i}.i feet long, and 3'.< inches in diameter. First roll one round of paper dry around the stick without being pasted, so the stick can be pulled out when the tube is made on the stick by winding the paper on it. It must be borne in mind that the stick must be perfectly straight, and the same size from end to end. Some of the more expert bee-men might derive some useful knowledge by using the tube, or " testscope, "i as I call it. My hear- ing being considerably impaired, I cannot get the best results from it. When I make an examination with the testscope, I place one end to my ear and the other at the hive-entrance, without dis- turbing the bees in the least. It is so much better than getting on one's knees in the snow or mud. I do not wish to furnish the tubes. E. M. Coombs. Memphis, Ind. Catalogues for 1S95 have been re- ceived at this office from the following: Geo. E. Hiltou, Fremont, Mich. Joseph Nysewander, Des Moines, Iowa. M. H. Hunt, Bell Branch, Mich. John Nebel & Son, High Hill, Mo. E. T. Flanagan, Belleville, 111. Chas. F. Muth & Son, Cincinnati, Ohio. W. T. Falconer Mfg.Co., Jamestown,N.Y. Globe BeeVeii mail for One Dollar. • Five cross-bars are rivlted in the 'centre at the top. These bend down f and Ijnttontostudsona neckband. The I'ars are best light spring steei. » The ncelc-band is hard spring brass. The netting is white with face-piece ol blucii to see thr«ugh. a It is easily put together and folds Icompaetly In a case, 1x6x7 Inches, ^■B^KHi^a^the whole weighing but 5 ounces. It can be worn over an ordinary hat; fits any head; does not obstruct the vision, and can be worn In bed without discomfort. It is a boon to any one whoir flleB bother, mosquitos bite, or bees sting. ^^ This Veil we club with the Bee Journal for one year— both for $1.75; or give free as a Premium for sending us 3 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at $t.00 each. The Aspinwall Hive ! ! THE HIVE FOR BEES- -THE HIVE FOR BEE-KEEPERS Send for lllnNtrated Circular. AsBinwall lanufactiimg Co,, 13A6 JACKSON, IIIICH. Mention the Ameri/ian Bee JoumaZ. -SOUTHERN- Home oI the HojiBij-Bee Where you can buy Queens, as g^ood as the best— Warranted Purely Mated, and guaran- teed free from Paralysis. From either an Im- ported or a Straght 5-B. or Golden Mother— 75 cents each; 1*2 tor $7.50. Tested. $1.00 each; 12for$9.00. After June 1st. 50 cents each; 12 for H. 00; Tested, 75 cents each. 12, $7.50. Good Breeders, $2.00 each; Straight 5-B. or " Faultless " Queens. $2.50 each. Bees^ 75c. per ib. Circular Free. Address, HUFISTEDL.ER BROS. 10A26 CLARKSVXLLE, TEX. Mention the American Bee J oumeu. Hiwl-HnTl Petr.tl BINGHAM BeeSmolier 16 Years C Best oil Earth 1 5 Sizes, from iO cts. to $1.50 each per Expr.. or by mail 50c. to $1.75. Bingham Smobrs 'I iiiid Honey-Knives By I^Iall or Dozen. t^~ Kept in stock at low prices, by _^3 Harper Reynolds Co., Los Angeles. Calif. Leaby Mfg-. Co.. HigglnsviUe, Mo. Miller A; Dunham, Topeka, Kans. Chas. Dadant i.t Son, Hamilton, III. Thomas G. Newman, 147 S. Western Ave., Chicago. 111. James Hedrlon, Dowagiac, Mich. Hon. fieo. E Hilton. Fremont. Mich. A. T. Koot Co.. Medina, Ohio. W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. Jamestown, N. T. T. J. Stringham. 105 Park Place, New Vork. W. W. Gary, Colerain, Mass. Ji^f Send card for Illustrations and Prices. T. F. BIIVGHA]II,Abronia, mieli. 12 A Mention the American Bee JoumaZ. THE HGCIDENTS OF LIFE Write to T. S. Quincey, Drawer 156, Chicago. Secre. tary of the Star Accident Company, for information regarding Accident Insur- ance. Mention this paper. By so doing you can save membership fee. Has paid over $600,000.00 for accidental injuries. Be your own Agent. NO MEDICAL EXAMINATION REQUIRED. laAO Mention the American Bee JowmaU r 210 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 27, EVERGREENS thatlive and grow ia what you want. I sell them. Nursery grown trees, -liJ. 8 varieties, transplanted evergreens one foot and up. packed and on cars for |10 UJ. Greatest bargain ever offered. Smaller lots cheap. Windbreak trees a specialty. Illustrated catalopne free. Local AtrentH nanted. Mention paper. D. HILL, ETcr^een Specialist, Dundee, 111. 91).") t IMeJt-^e mention the Bee Journal. ^'••'I >THE BEST Tt INCUBATOR; t often fails in its purpose because of an inaccurate { . regulation of heat, for 15 years we have made a ' specialty of incubator thermometers that are un- k excelled for accuracy and t^ennitiveness. A Kuar- anteed thermometer by express, prepaid for 75c. •TAYLOR BROS. CO. Rochester, N. Y.( :i I Hi t Mention the American Bf^ Jaii^^rur*. SIMPLFY HATCHER & OimrLCA BROODER Combined. TIlKillOST PEUFECT Innibntur Made. Hatches tvery t'g^ that a hen could hutch; Regulates itself auto- niittically; Reduces the cost of ijuultry raising to i< minimum. Send tor Illustrated Catalogue. ]4iO Fee Hize $16.00. SIMPLEX MANr'G. CO..Oulncy.llL lD7t A/c/(CiQt\im—^^'<''"Vetiers. Cheap but good. IMBands, or Carnlolans-$1.00 each; S5.00 lor 6; SO. 00 per Dozen— till June 1st., tUen 75c, each; J4.25 for 6, or IS. 00 i.er Dozen. TESTED QIIEENS- 3-Bands, $1.50 each; 5-Bands and Carnlolans, $2.50 each. Fine Breeders, of either race, or Imported Queens, $5.00 each. My StraigUt 5-Band Breeders, $10.00 each. Flll.1. COliONIES- with Untested Queens. $6.00 each. Send lor Prices and Discounts to Dealers, and by the Quantities. I have the only Sf Anni Rnu llii'fl Ua/iliirv in South Texas. Root's Goods, Dadaut Fonndatlon, and WlCnlll UlC-IIHC TdllUlJ Bingham Smokers. Safe arrival guar- anteed on everything, ^^ Send for Free Catalogue, that tells all aliout Queeu-Kearing. JEIVXIE ATCHLEY, Becvillc, Bee Co., Tex. Doctor^s jiir)is By DR. PBIRO, C/iicag-o, 111. Dyspeptic Stomachs Need Best. My opinion, based on 30 years constant observation, convinces me that if half the dyspeptics would live on bread and hot milk alone, for one month, and thus give their stomachs a rest, a cure would follow without the aid of medicines. The Best Tea. Black tea is the best to use, for those who must have it, because it is not " faced " (colored) with the various matters used — Prussian blue and soapstone powder,chiefly. Animals In the Stomach. The idea that snakes, lizards and frogs may be swallowed and grow in the stomach is a fabulous supposition. They could not live 24 hours. They would be smothered and killed by the digestive acids. Keep Tour Head Level. More people die from fright or insane acts during accidents than from injuries actually received. A level head, on such occasions, will save great snffering. Don't get foolishly excited ! Money, Pins, Etc., SwalloTved. Mother rushes in yelling, " Fred has swal- lowed a silver quarter!" Has he? Well, let him alone. It is not likely to give him a particle of trouble. Pins, buttons, pen- nies and nails take care of themselves. But I wouldn't advise such a diet. Breath-Sucking Cats. Cats sucking children's breath — how ridiculous! Nothing of the sort need be feared. However, it is not desirable that they sleep together, because pussy may go to sleep against the child's mouth and choke the little one. BASSWOOD FOR BEES We have a large stock of American Liu- dcn or Bassivood. 5 to 6 feet, 15c. each— $12.00 per O. 6 to8 feet, 20c. each— $15.00 per C. 7 to 10 ft. -250. each— $20.00 per C. Address, jjjgjjgj. ]\iatioiial ^'uFserv Co. 8A6t EIiGlN, II.I.. ** Mention the American Bee Journal. Fruit Ranch and Apiary FOR SALE. Address. llA4t REV. 1,. J. TEMPE.11V, CANON ClTr. COLO. Strawberry and Raspberry Plants. Best Neiv and Old varieties. Best groivn Plants. Catalogue Free. With instructions for their cultu-e. Send for it No%'r. Mention this paper. Address, E. J. SCOFIELD, 3A13t P. O. Box 113, HANOVER, Wis. Xlie Model Ineiibator, manufac- tured and sold by Geo. H. Stahl, of Quincy, 111., has an enormous sale. Mr. Stahl is a pioneer in his line, having been engaged for 12 years in incubator building. Write for his catalogue and prices. 212 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 28, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! It Is ulways ccononiv to buy the liest. espe- cially when till' best cost no more than something not iKilt so pood. OUK FAL- CON SECTIONS lire acknowledged to be superior to any on the tmirket. The same is alsotrneof our HIVES and BEE- KEEPEKS' SUPPLIES, of which we make all modern styles. COR PRICES will be found as low as those of any ot our competitors, and in many cases low- er, and you are always sure of gett ng flrst-class goods. W e also publish THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER, a monthly magazine (Fifth year) at .50c. a year in- valuable to beginners. Large illustrated catalogue and price-list free. Address, THEW.T.FALCOmMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. ^r~ W. in. Gerrlsli. of East NoUlna- bani, N. H., is our Eastern agent New England customers may save freight by pur- chasing of him. Mention the American Bee Journal. Golden Glueens From Texas. as wel My Bees are bred _ __, ^ x^.ta.i^w. For BuHiiiess, 1 as for Beauty aud Geiitleuess. .^ ' Safe arrival and reasonable satisfac- tion guaranteed. Write for Price-List. Untested. Sl.OO- Tested, Sl.HO. J, Box 3 'TE2C. Mention the American Bee Junmal. J. D. 6IVENS, 10A26 MIITH'S HONET EXTBACTOB PERFECTION Cold-Blattt Smokers, Square Glass Honey Jars, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Cha8. F. Muth & Son. Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.. Cincinnati. O. Send lOf for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers. mention the American Bee Journal. ORDER SPRING QUEENS. I will send a Guaranteed .'i-Banded Yellow Queen, bred from a Breeder selected Irom 1000 Queens (some producing over 400 lbs. ot honey to the colony): or a :i-Banded Italian Leather-Colored Queen direct from a Breeder imported from Italy. Oct. '94— at 7oc., and a special low price for a quantity. My secret is to sell an extra-large amount, ■which enables me to sell at low prices. Will run this sprug :3.iO Nuclei— have 1 home and 4 out apiaries. Bookiiis Orders l\ow— will begin shipping March 1st. No Queens su- perior to my Strain. ^" Send for Descriptive Catalogue and Testimonials, to Wm. a. Selseh, Wyncote, Pa. I AEISE 'po SA? to the readers 1 ot the BEE JOURNAL thai DOOLITTLE bafl concluded to sell -B15ES and QUEKN8- In ihetr season, during 1895, at thefollowlDB prices : One Colony of Italians on y Gallup frames, in lll!htahl_ppinK-box $7 00 Five Cofonles 30 00 Ten Colonies 5(100 1 untested (lueen. 1 (h) queens ii; 5 50 lOIJO (I su 4 I tested Oueen.. 3 " Queens 1 select tested queen -2 oo 3 " " Queens 5 oc Select tested queen, previous season's rearing 4 mi Bxtra Selected for breedinii, the very best.. 6 ho About a Pound of BKttS in a Two-frame Nucleus, with any Queen, t2.iio extra. tr circular free, glvlntt full particulars regarc;- IDR the Bees and each class of Queens. Address G. M. DOOLITTLE, 12A25t BORODINO. Onon. Co., N. Y. Abbott's Space. It^" We have had the " St. Joe " Hives put up. We like them much. — Thorndale, Tex. That " St. Joe " Hive ! Write for a Circular and Say How Many Hives You Will Need. AdtJress, Ejnersoji T. Abbott, ST. JOSEPH, MO. Mentmi th-e Amcrlcaii Bee Jounvil, x}x x{x x}\ xjx <»Iv Seventeen Years Ago Dadant's Foundation Was first offered for sale. The following parties keep it in stock and have kept it for years for sale. Why ? Because they want to handle only the best ^oods, and they say they get the best goods when they buy Dadant's Foundation. Thomas G. Newman. ChicaRO, IIIb. C. F. Mutb & Son, Cincinnati, Ohio ChaB. H. Green, Waukesha, Wis. Chas. Hertel. FreeburK. Ills. B. Kretchmer. Red Oak, Iowa. J 08. Nysewander, Des Moines, Iowa. G. B. Lewis Co.. Watertown, Wis. James Reynolds Elevator Co.. Poughkeepsie. N Y. Page & L,yon. New London, Wis. La. Bee-Keepers' Supply Co., Donaldsonville, La. E. F. Quigley, Unionville, Mo. I G. K. Hubbard. Fori Wavne. Ind. L. HansBcn. Davenport, Iowa. C. Theilmann. Theilmanton, Minn. E. C. Eaglestield, Berlin. Wis. Walter 8. Pouder, Indianapolis, Ind E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph. Mo. J. M. Jenkins, Wetumpka, Alabama Jonn Key, Bast Saginaw, Mich. J. W. Bittenbender. Knoxville. Iowa. Vickerv Bros., Evansville. Ind. Mrs. Jennie Atchlev. Beeville. Texas. Is not such a steady trade a proof of real merit in the ^ood^ we sell ? We also make a specialty of Veils and "Veil StulT^ of best quality. Beeswax Wanted at All Times. Bee-keepers' Supplies, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails, etc. Samples Of Foun- dation and Xulle KR.EE with circular. Instructions to beginners with circular. Send us your address. CHAS. DADANT & SON, Mentionth^ American Bee Journal. HAMILTON, Hancock Co., HiL. ALFALFA SEED 8 cents per pound in any sized quantity. Cash -with Order. Refei'ence — First National Bank. Address, L. Wirt Markham, Lamar, Colo. IV. B. — It requires 20 lbs. to soiv an acre. Mention the American Bee Journal OUR PRICES May appear to be higher than some manufacturers' ; but when jou consider Qnantltj- and Quality, they are low. You may be able to buy Sections at Gut Prices, but they are not our Superb Polished Sections. The fact Is, we don't have to cut prices to sell 'em; and the same is true of our Hires. ^ . „ Tliirty.Six page Catalog free. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. 35th Year. CHICAQO, ILL., APRIL 4, 1895. No. 14. Coi;)tributed /Kriiclcs^ On Important A.piariai2 Subjects, Combined Feeder — Its Coustructioii and Use. BY J. A. GOLDEN. There has been a great deal said through the bee-papers, during the past year, in regard to the percolator feeder, and while,, this plan of feeding may have its advocates, I send you a photograph of Flody feeding her bees with one of ray combined feeders, which you will see leaning against the front of the hive, and is so constructed as to be used for a brood-frame cover, doing away with the oil-cloth or burlap, and is always ready to feed for winter stores, or stimulating, feeding back extracted honey to finish sections at the closing of the season, or sugar in any form, and the beauty of it all is, one can feed a large number of colonies in a few minutes. Plody's plan is to lift off the hive cover, raise one end of the cushion, and pour the feed through the wire-cloth that b -,, .'■#\ fm »^ A ^ ^i,iNATioN. — As I have given already three addresses on this important topic, all of which have been published, I will give you only a brief summary of the results of the inves- tigations. I proved by covering the blossoms with paper bags, that Bartlett pears, Kelsey and another variety of plum, and unknown variety of cherry are all entirely sterile to their own pollen, or pollen from the same variety although from another tree ; that olives and lemons are only partially fruitful unless cross-pollinated ; while to my surprise, navel oranges and royal apricots were entirely responsive to self-pollination. Thus we see that successful pomology must have the honey-bees. Failure must attend the cultivation of many of our most valued fruits, unless cross-pollination is secured. While other insects than bees may aid in such cross-pollination, yet the honey-bee is absolutely essential to the highest success, as it alone can be counted on in every season and alway. If bees are close at hand they are a sure dependence. The highest success in pomology demands the mixing of varieties, and the near presence of bees. How well is the eternal fitness of things exemplified in the fact that this region is like the para- dise of the bee-keeper and the pomologist. It is to be a great center of honey-production, and will show one of the greatest orchards of the world. And the beneficent work of reci- procity will be demonstrated in that each of these important industries is to confer a gracious blessing on the other. Bees and Fruit-Drying. — In my talks at the meetings of fruit-growers, I always receive respectful attention, and no one calls the conclusions in question. In most cases, however, I am asked if there is no remedy for the evil of the attack of bees upon drying fruit. I answer that if such bees were exclusively from colonies owned by bee-keepers, the owners could be requested to move them away, during the compara- tively brief season of fruit-drying. For one, I should not hesitate to do this without being asked. Peace and good-will among neighbors is worth too much to be jeopardized, when so little effort would remove the annoyance. But so many unowned bees find homes in the walls of buildings, that very lil I am located in a valley between two mountains, in what I should think is a good bee-field. Ticonderoga, N. Y. J. C. Answer. — So many things are to be taken into considera- tion that without knowing all the particulars it's hard to know what to advise. If a colony is gathering enough so it swarms, and the swarms gather enough to winter on, It certainly seems that they are gathering enough to store surplus if they are so minded. One way might be to put back all swarms as fast as they issue, then the stores that would be used to fill up the swarms would at least partly go into the surplus boxes. From the way you speak, it is quite possible that you don't put on supers till the bees begin to think of swarming, then more than one swarm is sent out from each colony, leaving the mother colony too weak to store any surplus, and the swarms have all they can do to fill up for winter. Suppose you try this plan the coming season : Put on supers a little before the full flow begins ; if white clover is your crop, put them on about as soon as white clover begins to bloom. Then when the first swarm comes out hive it on the old stand, putting the mother bive within a foot or two on one side. In about five days move the old hive away entirely, setting it a rod or two from the old stand, and that will greatly strengthen the new swarm, and if the season is good it will be strange if the new swarm will not store some honey for you. You ought to have a good bee-book, such as this journal is now offering. (See page 219. — Editor.) Sowing Alfalfa Clover Seed. I have 7 colonies in good condition. They have had two good cleansing flights since December. I pack my bees in straw to winter them. It is so cold here yet that bees have not gathered any pollen yet. I would like to sow some alfalfa this spring. Would it be safe to sow before the frost is out of the ground'? W. L. R. Pioneer, Ohio, March 20. Answer. — I know of no reason why it may not be sown as early as any of the clovers, but if anyone knows to the contrary, let him rise and speak. That "Deep" Plan for 'Wintering. I suppose I may put in "Questions and Answers " a reply to the question of Mrs. Durbin, on page 179. Why, Mrs. Dur- bin, are you not satisfied with the reply, or rather the ques- tion, of your husband ? And yet there's no law against a woman thinking up some improvement, even if she's not a veteran. I'm not at all sure that the plan you mention may not be worth a trial. Years ago it was talked of, and perhaps to some extent practiced — to stand a Langstroth hive on end for wintering — and your plan would be somewhat in the same line. I should prefer to have the four frames in the upper hive filled solid full of honey. C. C. M. ■When Alsike Clover Blooms. It was the driest season here last summer we have had for years. I have 31 colonies of bees, and I did not get any honey. I want to know whether Alsike clover blooms in the fall like red clover? C. W. T. Williamstown, Ky. Answer. — Almost everything that applies to red clover applies to Alsike. It blossoms the second and third years. Comes in bloom a little ahead of white clover, and.if cut or pastured just before coming into bloom it will bloom after white clover. What to Do With Weak Colonies in Spring. I have 21 colonies of bees in the cellar, but some are very weak, and I am afraid queenless, as owing to last year being such a poor year for honey, all the stores my bees had for winter was what I fed them. What I want to know is this: When I take them out this spring, will it do to put a light colony on the top of some other, and let them unite — that is, if it is queenless ? Or can you give me some better way of saving these small colonies, so that they will be in condition for the harvest ? L. S. Aurora, 111. Answer. — I used to take a great deal of pains to try to nurse up these little weaklings that come out half dead and alive with very few bees in them, and sometimes I'd give them brood from a strong colony to help bring them up. The idea was that if there was one very strong colony and one very weak one, if 1 let them alone the weak one would die, and then I'd have only one colony, but if I gave the weak one 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 219 brood from the strong colony, then both would live and I'd have two colonies. But giving brood from the strong didn't strengthen the weak one as much as it weakened the strong one. Then I tried uniting the weaklings, but somehow four or Hve of them together seemed in a little while to just as weak as if they had been left separate. So I finally settled down to the very thing you propose, to unite a weakling with a good colony, for the good colony would thus gain a little in strength, and even if it didn't no harm would be done, for the weakling was good for nothing any way. When they first begin to fly they'll unite without any difficulty. Origfin and Use of Royal Jelly. What is royal Jelly made of ? Is it made by the bees or man ? If by man, how would I begin to secure it, as I want to rear some queens. I read that a certain man had his bees to construct a number of queen-cells in the dead of winter — not for queens, but for the sake of the royal jelly. I want some information about this, as I would like to know how it is produced. J. M. J. Pike, Tex. Answer. — Royal jelly is honey and pollen digested by the nurse-bees and fed to the larvae intended to be queens. It is supposed to be the same as is fed to all larvas during the first three days of their existence. It probably cannot be manu- factured by man, but you can get it in queen-cells by making bees queenless. When bees prepare for swarming, they rear a number of young queens, each one being lavishly supplied with royal jelly beyond their ability to consume it. CONDUCTED BY AIRS. JEXNIE A.TCIILEY, BEEVILLE, TEX. From the North, to the South. Henry Guth, of South Dakota, spent a few days with us lately. He is favorably impressed with Bee county for honey- production. H. I>. Carrington, of Missouri, has landed in Bee county with a carload of bees, and is well pleased with his move. M. Ramsay, of Ontario, Canada, recently made us a visit. He has 100 colonies in a cellar at home, and thinks of moving here, as he also is favorably impressed with this country. Mr. and Mrs. T. J. Adams, of Nebraska, have landed with thair bees and effects, and are now locating their apiary west of Beeville. They tried Brazoria county one or two years, and found it too wet, and the honey too dark to be profitable there. There is room for hundreds of bee-keeptrs in southwest Texas. Jennie Atchley. Why Wouldn't the Bees Work in Supers P Etc. Jennie Atchley: — Please tell me why my bees would not work in the supers last season. I put two-inch starters in all the sections, but the bees failed to work in them for some cause. When I saw they would not work in the sections, I then filled some of the sections with comb and honey, and some empty comb ; they would fill the empty comb, but would not draw out the foundation. I placed the supers on gooa, strong colonies, mostly young swarms. I have a good grade of bees, and they work well in hives with frames. I am using the dovetailed 8-frame hive. I have 47 colonies, and I am comparatively a beginner. I lost 3 colonies during the freeze — they froze with plenty of honey in the hives. What time shall I teed to have good strong colo- nies for the honey-flow ? Will granulated sugar be better than honey? My bees have plenty of honey in the hives. Arlington, Tex. Z. W. Gray. Friend Gray, it will be hard for me to tell why your bees did not store in the sections, but I suspect they were not get- ting honey sufficient to force them up into the boxes, or else they were not strong enough. Try full-sized sheets in sections next time, and if you can get it place a bait section with honey already in it in the center of each super, and if your bees are gathering much honey, and are strong in bees, I think you will find that they will store in the sections with foundation. The combs and honey you gave them served as baits, is why they went to work in the boxes filled with comb. You are not alone in losing bees by that unusual freeze, as thousands of colonies froze to death. I would feed through May at your place, to get good, strong colonies for the Juno flow. If I knew which way you live from Arlington, I could better answer you, as I am well acquainted with all your county, having lived at Arlington 15 years ago. If yon live out on the black land toward Grand Prairie, get your bees good and strong for horse-mint in June. If you live towards the river, or near Mr. Swan's place, you will get some honey earlier than June, if it is not too dry. If you are out towards Mountain Creek, you will get a crop in June and July. If you are towards the Arkansas lane, or Johnson Station, don't fail to get your bees ready for the June flow. If you live in Arlington, or towards Handley, you will get some ratan and grapevine honey in May. If I were you I would watch my honey-resources closely, and always feed up in time to have the bees good and strong by at least a week ahead of your harvest, and you will catch a crop. Any further information that I am able to give, I will gladly do so through the American Bee Journal. A Case of Little Wild Bees. I enclose four little bees or insects that I very much fear are a destructive enemy to our bees. Soon after the late freeze I noticed a great many dead bees in front of a hive, and I cleared them away as is my custom. In a few days, while passing the same hive, I noticed a great many bees crawling around the front of the hive with the abdomens dis- tended, or very much swollen, and shaking their wings very similar to your description of bee-paralysis. I find these little insects in the hives and boring into the middle of the combs, and a good many in front of the hives among the dead bees. Can it be possible that this insect is the cause of the paralysis, and has not been discovered ? I am inclined to think this a genuine case of paralysis. Whether the insects have any- thing to do with it or not I cannot say, though, as I have never seen any of it I have never given any attention to any of those diseases, as I thought Texas was proof against bee-dis- eases. I feel very much alarmed at this, for it has destroyed a strong colony in a few days. Please advise met at once what to do. I will isolate them from my apiary. Fairview, Tex. G. F. Davidson. Friend D., I sent your letter and insects to Prof. Cook, who reports as follows on them : The insects sent by Mr. Davidson are small wild bees, of the genus Angochlora. They are so crushed that it would be impossible to determine the species. They are a beautiful me- tallic green, as are all of the genus. They were in the hive as pilferers, after the honey. I presume the bees are suffering from paralysis, and so are weak and Justin condition to be victimized by even these tiny wild bees. As weak colonies are likely to be infested by the bee-moth or robbers, so are dis- eased colonies more likely to be victims of such thieves as the Andrena, Angochlora, etc. I have often noticed wild bees robbing from our hive-bees, and have noticed many such cases through the bee-papers. I doubt if such attack ever results in much harm. The robbers are not numerous enough. A. J. Cook. Claremont, Calif. A B C of Bee-Culture.— This is the fine cyclopedia of bee-keeping by A. I. Root, containing 400 pages and nearly 200 engravings. The regular price is $1.25, postpaid, but until April 20 we make the following very liberal club- bing offers on this book : The American Bee Journal one year and the "ABC" bound in cloth — both for only .§1.80 ; or the parchment cover (very heavy paper) "ABC" and the American Bee Journal one year — both together only $1.50. Remember, April 20 is the limit on these offers. Better order at once if you want a copy of this excellent bee-book. Back Numbers for 1895 we can furnish to new subscribers until further notice, if they will let us know when subscribing. We will begin the subscription Jan. 1, 1895, if you say so when sending $1.00 for a year's subscription 220 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 4, PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, 56 Plttti Avenue, - ClIICACiO, II^K. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. [Entered at the Post-Offlce at CbicaKO as Second-ClasB Mall-Matter.] EDITOR. Assisted by the following Department Editors : Dr. C. C. Miller - - - "Questions and Answers." Mrs. Jennie Atohlet - - - "The Sunny SonTHLAND." "Gleaner" . . ., . " Among the Bee-Papers." "Bee-Master" ----- "Canadian Beedom." Dr. F. L. Peiro -.---" Doctor's Hints." Rev. Emerson T. Abbott - - " Notes and Comments." Vol. inv. CHICAGO, ILL, APR. 4, 1895. No, 14. Editorial Budgets California Bee-Keepers, as well as all others, will be interested iu reading the report of the last California State convention, published this week. Pres. Cook's address is specially good. ^-»-* Mr. Alfred H. Xe-wman, formerly of the firm of Thomas G. Newuiati & Son, who published the American Bee Journal, spent au hour in this office on Tuesday of last week. Mr. Newman is now the manager of the Cedar Rapids Candy Company, of Iowa — a successful as well as sweet concern. Dr. Adolphus de Planta, an eminent European scientist, died recently in Switzerland, at the age of 75 years. The British Bee Journal, in speaking of him, says : "There is hardly another man who has given so much time to scientific investigations for the benefit of bee-keepers as Dr. de Planta." His death is a great loss to the bee-keeping world. Shortly, the American Bee Journal e.xpects to give a portrait and sketch of this famous bee-investigator, with something about his work. *-^-*- Mr. M. M. Baldridge, of St. Charles, 111., gave the Bee Journal office a pleasant call last week. He is preparing a complete and accurate history of the Importation of Italian bees into the United Slates, which will appear in a series of four article in these columns soon. They will be interesting, I can assure you. Mr. M. has issued two "Special Bulletins" on "White Melllot Clover," which every bee-keeper and farmer should read. He will mail the two for four cents In stamps. That Cliicasro Convention. Regarding the forming of another Northwestern, Dr. Miller has this to say: As you want opinions about having a convention at Chi- cago, Mr. Editor, I'll give mine. Generally a good convention can be held at Chicago, and yet I doubt If two could be suc- cessfully held there each year, no matter what might be the name. Better have one good one than two not quite so good. As to name. It hardly seems to me that ought to cut any figure. If it goes under the name of " Illinois State," I think that would be a help to the State society, and the same per- sons meeting there would have the same convention as if It were called "Northwestern." Would a Wisconsin man object to coming to It with a different name ? After you get expres- sions from others, If It's found that there Is any feeling about the name, and If bee-keepers from other States would come to a Northwestern convention that would not come to a State convention, then by all means let the Northwestern be revived. In any case, the one important thing to look out for is to have the meeting at a time when low railroad rates will be «urc beyond the shadow of a doubt. Perhaps the time of the Fat Stock Show will be the best time. I'm glad you called for expressions, and hope the brethren will not be "backward about coming forward." C. C. MlLLEK. What about the "sister-en" "coming forward?" But probably Dr. M. agrees with the minister who thought it quite proper that " the bretheren " should embrace the sisters ! Prompt Rene'wing' of subscriptions to any journal is a habit worth cultivating — a good thing for the subscribers and also for the periodical. Here's what Mr. Edward W. Bok — the able editor of the popular Ladies' Home Journal — has to to say about this matter : "A magazine's success is aided or retarded just in propor- tion to the promptness employed by its readers in renewing their subscriptions. Delayed renewals cripple the best efforts of any magazine." The same thing applies to the American Bee Journal. Just memorize Mr. Bok's truthful sentences, and then vow that your lack of promptness in renewing will never hinder the success of any newspaper or magazine you have subscribed for. •*-'-*■ mr. J. A. Golden. The biographical sketch of Mr. J. A. Golden (portrait on first page) which follows, is taken from Wilson's Photographic Magazine, of New York, for 1894 ; An interesting example of a class of photographers fast disappearing is shown In a few notes concerning a veteran portrait worker — Mr. J. A. Golden, of Relnersvllle, Ohio, which have come Into our hands. In IfciGo, Mr. Golden, then engaged In the business of harness-making, first experienced the delights of photography, by sitting for an ambrotype por- trait, patronizing an itinerant photographer for that purpose. The ambrotypist (evidently less jealously secretive than many of his craft) Invited his sitter Into the dark room to witness the development of the picture. The wonderful and fascinat- ing operation so Impressed Mr. Golden (whose leisure hours had for years been spent iu picture-making by various means and ways), that he decided at once to adopt photography as a business. A course of instructions from the ambrotypist was ar- ranged, and on the following day he entered upon his brief apprenticeship. The second day's training found the aspiring pupil so far advanced that his work outshone that of his in- structor, and at the end of the third days' work he bought the ambrotypist's studio-on-wheels outfit and business good- will, thereby commencing his photographic career In earnest. After a year's experience Mr. Golden sold his business and be- gan to travel as an operator. In which work he was more than ordinarily successful. At this early period books and journals on photographic practice were rare indeed, and possessed a value which it is difficult to appreciate In these days of cheap journals. Mr. Golden was an early subscriber to our old Philadelphia Pho- tographic Journal and Mosaics, after their appearance in 1864, and by this means was able to push himself ahead in his work of art. In 18b5 disaster followed him in a photographic partner- ship entered into for the promotion of the business, thus re- alizing by a sad experience the fallibility of our fellowmen in the business matters of life. Having a spirit not to be downed, Mr. (Jolden took to the road for some years. In 1870 he settled in the beautiful village of Relnersvllle, Ohio, and combined photographing and the sale of harness and sad- dles as a business till 1887, when the harness business was dropped and he took up bee-keeping with photography, which he is following to-day as actively as when he first entered it. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 221 almost 40 years ago. "The chief factor in success In por- traiture," says Mr. Golden in a recent letter, "is abundant reading and practice combined. The man who will practice and digest what he reads in his journals," further observes this old worker, " can always insure himself comfort and pros- perity in his profession, inasmuch as he can avoid failures and loss, and avail himself of the knowledge of other workers to his own profit." If we had more such philosophers photography would be eased of many of the difficulties which accompany it to-day. Think as you work. Reverting to his apiarian interest, I may say that Mr. Golden has been a frequent contributor to the columns of the Bee-Keepers' Review in past years, and has recently begun to write for the American Bee .Journal. The first article in this number, as the reader has doubtless already noticed, is from Mr. G.'s pen. It is always a pleasure to me to be able to show by picture and sketch the prominent veterans in the active field of apiculture. fKrr)or}^ \\)^ Bee-Papers Conducted bv " GLBAJXBR." PACKAGES FOR EXTRACTED HONEY. R. C. Aikin, in Gleanings, thinks instead of 60 pounds, the square tin cans should hold 50, two 50's in a case being heavy eCiough to handle, and the round 50 being oftener ordered. He likes cans better than barrels. Although costing a little more, they are much more convenient when honey can- dies. He puts in a tank six cans covered with water over a slow fire for 24 or 48 hours, and does not even take off the screw-caps. Thinks the consumer should get it in the original package, which must be cheap, perhaps something like an oyster can. WHEN TO EXTRACT HONEY. The Dadants leave honey on the hives to ripen till the season is over, but E. France says in Gleanings that this will network with him. He extracts just as the bees begin on the white honey, so as to get out all the old dark honey, then a second extracting will be tinged still with dark and must not be mixed with the best; and then in a good season he extracts three times more to get his pure white crop, leaving enough basswood honey for the bees to winter on. CLEATED SEPARATORS. B. Taylor uses separators of }4 inch stuff, and instead of being in one piece the separator is in two parts scant % inch apart, thus leaving at the middle a free passage from one sec- tion to another. The two parts are fastened together by cleats of J^ stuff at the points where the wood of the section touches the separator. This leaves the surfaces of the sections li inch apart when shipped, instead of the usual M inch. — Gleanings. QUILTS AND BEE-ESCAPES, At the California State convention, says Rambler in Glean- ings, quilts had been discarded by 10 of the 19 who had used them. The bee-escape was considered not so much of a success here in clearing an extracting-super as it might be. The escape clears the super of bees ; but the honey, deprived of its warming factor, gets cold during the night, and is extremely hard to extract. SELLING GOOD HONEY. C. Davenport tried to sell a merchant honey, asking 17 cents. Merchant said he could buy all he wanted for a shilling. D. asked merchant what he paid for butter. 10 to 20 cents according to quality. As much difference in honey as butter, says D. Then he left a ease of 24 sections on trial — no like, no cost. Result, merchant gets regularly three cases a year for his own family. — Gleanings. IS BEE-KEEPING BECOMING A SIDE ISSUE ? Editor Hutchinson read an essay at the Toronto conven- tion rather taking the ground that hereafter no one could afford to devote his whole time to bees, and E. T. Flanagan takes issue with him in Progressive. Mr. Flanagan thinks that such a view can only come from a partial knowledge of the field. "This is a large country of ours, and no one man is fully acquainted with its resources for producing honey. There are millions of acres yet of unreclaimed land, and abounding, too, in honey-producing plants These all will in due time be occupied by the specialist." He also refers to changes going on that may again make the cultivated regions a paradise for the bee. THE GIANT BEE OF INDIA. The foot-note of the editor on page 169 is timely. It is not always safe to say what is impossible, but there certainly are things in the statements made by Mr. Holt that look very improbable. After we have been led to believe that the domestication and importation of iipis dorsata was an impossi- bility, we are quietly told that it has already been in this country some four years. How has the thing been kept quiet all this time ? If the statements made are true, $3 to $S is a very low price for a queen, but what is the difference between the queens of the different prices ? That a cross will gather more than twice the amount of either parent kind is remarkable. That the workers live three times as long as common is new. That a drone put in a cage with a queen will fertilize her at once, and will " fertil- ize as many as four queens before he stops" is — well, what do you think it is ? The question arises, after the drone has fertilized four queens and stops, how long will he stop before he is ready for another four ? And what is the price of such drones? One of them might be caged and passed around among bee-keepers at so much per day. On the whole, it may be charitable to suppose that there is a youug man down in Kentucky whose mind is somewhat unbalanced. THE AGE OF COMBS. How much things go by fashion. It really seems that fashion has something to do with the length of time combs are considered good. If my memory serves me, it is the fash- ion in England to think it is better to reject brood-combs four or five years old, whereas the answers on page 176 of this journal show that the fashionable thing on this side is to con- sider age never a detriment. Possibly the truth lies between the extremes. Conducted tyy "BEE-MASTER." The Swarming of Bees. We have all styles of bee-keeping here in Canada. There are some localities where the old-fashioned straw-skeps are used almost exclusively ; in others, box-hives are the prevail- ing ones. In some sections of the country there are none but movable-frame hives kept, and these are of all sorts and sizes. Traces of the old superstitions may be found here and there. I once met with a quaint old lady who told me that they formerly kept bees, but a member of the family died, and they neglected to inform the bees. The consequence was that all the bees died also, very soon afterwards. In those localities where the old style of bee-keeping in straw and box hives prevails, natural swarming is the only kind known. When a swarm issues, the primitive custom of rattling all the tin pans, pots and kettles is usually observed, and there is great faith in the efficacy of noise and clatter in causing the bees to settle. By the way, so high a scientific authorty in bee-keeping as the late Mr. Prank Cheshire, thinks this is not wholly a superstition. In Vol. I. of his great work on "Bees and Bee-Keeping," page 127, he says: "I believe that the old idea, now almost universally discredited, that these noises disposed the bees to settle, is accurate." He adduces two or three arguments to support his view, among the rest that bees choose quiet times — notably Sundays — for their departure, which reminds me of an old Presbyterian minister, one of the class who believe in keeping the " Saw- bith, and every thing else they can lay their hands on," who used to be a great bee-keeper, but finally abandoned the pur- suit, because the pagan insects had such a fashion of swarm- ing on Sundays, and he doubted the propriety of hiving them on that sacred day. . Of course our best bee-keepers know all about artificial swarming, or dividing, but I do not think many of them prac- tice it except as an occasional thing and for some special purpose. There is not much faith here in any self-hiving device, although one of our supply firms advertises a selt-hiver, and 222 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aj)T. A, speaks of it as though it were a success. I spent $5.00 on Alley's first self-hiving arrangement, but could not make it work, and as " a burnt child dreads the fire," I am loth to invest any more roouey in that direction, until there is better evidence that automatic swarming is practicable than 1 have yet met with. While I believe bees work with a zest after naturally swarming, which they do not evince in connection with any method of artificial swarming, and I enjoy the contemplation of their ardor and interest in founding a new home, I have settled down on artificial swarming as the best for me in my circumstances. I cannot be always with my bees, neither can I keep them closely watched, and I prefer to take the slight disadvantage there is about artificial swarming to the dire affliction of occasionally having a rousing swarm go off with my best queen. I read with much interest Mr. Doolittle's article in the American Bee Journal of March 7, 1895, on " How to increase bees when natural swarming is not wanted." The two meth- ods described are perhaps the neatest approximations to nat- ural swarming that can be attained by any artificial plan, but it seems to me there are too many manipulations to be per- formed and they take too much time. On the first of the plans given, I should be afraid the bees might go back to the old hive either by twos and threes, or c« mas-sc ; and on the second plan, I should hate to immure them for four hours in a bo.K with wire sides, checking all active operations and throw- ing them into a state of bewilderment. On the method I employ, the work is quickly done, and the bees will be busily engaged in making the best of their changed circumstances long before Mr. Doolittle has his imprisoned bees liberated from confinement. Bees are quick at accepting a new state of things, and soon adapt themselves even to an untoward condition. My method, which I call mine not because it is original with me but simply because I practice it, may not be the best, but it suits me, and works well enough for all practical pur- poses. I wait until the bees give evidence that they are making preparations to swarm naturally. Some of our bee- keepers have been using a phrase lately which has a very scientific smack — " outside diagnosis." It means the same as what the old darkey called, "habits o' bobservation." Any bee-keeper worthy the name, spends lots of time in watching the bees as they go in and out of the hive, linger at the pre- cincts, or cluster near the entrance. Some fine day I say to myself, "That colony has a notion of swarming." Then I anticipate them. I take a clean, empty hive having frames with starters, or full sheets of foun- dation in them. I haven't made up my mind which is the better plan, though I incline to full sheets because I want worker-corab, and I think the bees, like a newly-married couple, prefer a furnished residence to an empty house. I set the new hive beside the old one, take out one of the middle frames, then open the old hive, find the frame on which the queen is laying, lift it with the adhering bees out of the full colony, and put it in the ne»v hive in place of the removed one. Then I move a full frame of the old hive to the center, close up the ranks, and put the spare frame of foundation on the outside. Then I move the old hive to a new place, and set the new hive on the old stand. This gives the bulk of the working force to the new hive, which has a full frame of brood and the old queen. The working force soon falls in with the new arrangement, and makes itself as busy as possi- ble. In a few days, the old hive becomes strong with bees, it is not long until it has a laying queen again, and all is lovely with both hives. The beauty of this plan is that there is no absconding, for the swarm will not leave a frame of young brood, and the other colony is not likely to be populous enough to want to swarm during the remainder of the season. I do not urge every one to adopt this plan — all I say is that it suits me, and in bee-keeping as in some other things, every man should be a law unto himself. CONDtJCTED BV Rev. Emerfion T. Abbott, St. <7osep2i. Afo. Feeding: Back.—" During one year that I kept track of everything, 1 made .'^5.00 per colony during the month of August for each colony fed. That year I fed extracted honey to y colonies to finish sections, and I spent only about 15 minutes per day feeding. Results, S-lo.OO for the month of August. This is nearly S2. 00 per day. Doesn't that pay ?" — F. A. Salisbury, in Gleanings. One is led to wonder why such men as R. L. Taylor and Mr. Salisbury do not devote their entire time to feeding back, or at least all the time the bees are not actively engaged in honey-gathering from the flowers. If one can make S5.00 per colony for each colony fed one month, surely it would pay to keep a few hundred colonies busy about three months in the year. This will beat bee-keeping in the ordinary way two to one. But for some reason I am led to feel that there must be a mistake some place. I am sure of one thing at least — many plans that seem to work successfully with a few colonies will prove to be a failure when applied to a large number of colonies. I am also convinced that the average bee-keeper will make a failure of feeding back, and the less he has to do with it the better off he will be. Of course, this is only " my notion," but then I look upon myself as being possessed of average intelligence and ability, and I frankly confess that I have never been able to make any kind of feeding back pay. So my advice is, if you feel you must try the experiment for yourself, do not go in too heavy at the start. Dampness Injures Flowers. — "Cold, rainy weather is detrimental, chilling the flowers and causing the pollen to fall." — Report of the Secretary of Agriculture for 1893. Here is a point out of which beekeepers should not fail to make the most they can. We have been insisting that it is not necessary to spray any kind of fruit when in bloom, and now comes the Government Experimenter and says that it is an injury to the fruit to spray when the plant is in bloom. He says, in an experiment made with a Mount Vernon pear tree at Geneva, N. Y., that the tree was "sprayed continu- ously for eight days, the entire time of blooming, and not only was no fruit set, but the foliage was rendered sickly and the tree's condition greatly impaired." If we can make the fruit- growers understand that there is not only danger of killing the bees, but that spraying when the plant or tree is in bloom may destroy the fruit as well, then we may rest assured that we will have no more trouble in this direction. We may not be able to move the horticulturist by showing him our danger of loss; but if we can convince him that he will lose, too, then we appeal to his selfishness as well as his love of humanity. As we are all a little inclined to be selfish, it will be well to give the above facts as wide circulation as possible. Nor Any Other Xinie. — "Open air feeding should not be started too early in the spring, and only when the weather is warm. The food should also be very much thinner than ordinary bee-syrup." — Editorial in British Bee Journal. It seems strange to me to have an editor of a bee-paper explain how or when to feed in the open air. If bees must be fed syrup of any kind, why not feed it from the top of the hives ? Then you will know exactly what bees you are feeding and how much you have fed them. If fed in the open air, it seems to me that many colonies which did not need feeding would carry away as much as those that did need it. Then, it seems to me that I would not want such a commotion as open air feeding is sure to create, if there is no nectar being gath- ered from the flowers, and has not been for some time. My advice would be not to feed in the open air at any time. If colonies must be fed in the spring, the sooner one can get through with it the better. Bees wear out mostly, and they will wear just as fast when carrying in sugar syrup as they will when gathering nectar. " A hint to the wise issuBHcient." Do not feed too much. Are Xhey ? — "I concluded the theory of drone-eggs not being influenced by the impregnation of the queen was all bosh." — W. C. Wells, in Canadian Bee Journal. Is there any foundation for the above statement? Does the sperm fluid from a black drone in any way affect the male progeny of an Italian queen ? Or, if a black queen be mated with an Italian drone, will any of her male progeny show any traces of Italian blood ? Might it not be well to do some care- ful experimenting along this line ? While the experimenting is going on will some one please rise and explain why it is that the cell furnished by the /cmttie bee always produces a tmiie when it is not united with a male cell ? Does the mother always furnisli the male element of an animal which is the product of the union of two cells? 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 223 ilEj^lRNm PUBLISHED WEEKI/Y JiV GEORGE W. YORK & CO., At Ono Dollar a \'ear, 56 Fifth Avenne, CHICAGO, II.IiS. Postage to all Countries In the Postal Union is SO cents extra. To all others. Sl.OO more than the subscription price. ^'~ Hebblewhite & Co.. 369 Oeorge Street, Sydney, New South Wales. Australia, are our authorized agents. Subscription price, 6 shil- lings per annum, postpaid Important to All Subscribers. Xlie Aniericau Bee Joiirnul is sent to subscribers until an order is received by the publishers for its discontinuance, and all arrearages are paid. AlM'ays imatc thePost-Office to which your paper is addressed, when writing to us. A Sample <■«!>>' of the Bee Journal will be sent FREE upon application. Hon' to 8eii«l Moii«-y.— Remit by Express. Post-OSice Money Order, or Bank Draft on New York or Chicago. If none of these can be had. Register your Letter, affixing Stamps both for i)ostage and regis- try, and take a receipt for it. Money sent thus, IS AT OUR RISK: otherwise it is Qot. Do not send Checks on Local Banks— we have to pay 25 cents each, to get them Dashed. IKever Send Silver in letters. It will ' wear holes in the envelope, or may be stolen. IMoiiey Orders.— Make all Money Or- ders payable at Chicago. 111. — not at any sub-station of Chicago. Postage Stamps of any denomina- tion may be sent for any fraction of a dol- lar; or where Money Orders cannot be obtained, stamps for any amount may bo sent. Subscript ion Credits. —The receipt for money sent us will be given on the address-label of every paper. The subscrip- tion is paid to the end of tlie niontli indicated. I>o not Write anything for publica- tion on the same sheet of paper with busi- ness matters, unless it can be torn apart without interfering with either part of the letter. I,iOst IViinibers. — We carefully mail the Bee Journal to every subscriber, but shoidd any be lost in the mails, we will re- place them if notified before all the edition is exhausted. Please don't wait a month or two, for then it may be too late to get another copy. Emerson Itiiiders. made especially for the American Bee Journal, are conven- ient for preserving each weekly Number, as fast as received. They will lie sent, post- paid, for 7.5 cents, or clubbed with the Am- erican Bee Journal for one year — both to- gether for *1.(J0. They cannot be sent by mail to Canada. am 'aniASNVAa eve 'HaAaniKannvAi •» e S9c. Ex- tracted, a%& 7e.— the higher price for white in 60-lb. cans. Beeswax, 28@30e. R. A. B. & Co. KANSAS CITY, iMo., Mar. 14.— Demand Is fair for comb and extracted. We quote: No. 1 white, l-lbs.. 14@]5c.: No. 2 white.l2@l3c.; No. 1 amber, lliaiac.; No. 2 amber, 10@llc. Extracted. 4!4@6Hc. Beeswax, 22@25c. C. C. C. &Co. CINCINNATI, O., Mar. 19.— Demand is slow for extracted and comb honey, with a fair supply. We quote: Comb honey, 13@16c. for best white. Extracted, 4@7c. Beeswax is in good demand at 25@28c. for good to choice yellow. C. F. M. & S. PHILADELPHIA. Pa„ Feb. 13.— Comb honey is very plenty and slow of sale at 12@ 13c. Extracted in fair demand at 5@6!4c. Beeswax scarce at 30@31c. W. A. S. NEty YORK, N, Y., Feb. 20. -We are gradu- ally working down our stock of comb honey, and the itidications are that we will succeed in disposing of all of the white honey and pos- sibly all of the dark during the spring, at fol- lowing quotations: Fancy white, l-lbs., 12c.; fair, 10c. ; buckwheat, 8@9c. The market is well supplied with extracted houej'. Demand is fair for choice grades, while common stock is neglected. We quote: White clover and basswood, o'/J(36c. : buckwheat. 5(§i5V4c ; Southern, 4o@53c. per gallon, according to quality. Beeswax firm and In good demand at30@31c. H. B, &S. BUFFALO, N. Y., Mar. 16.— The honey mar- ket is getting quite well cleaned up here. We quote: Fancy, 13@14c.; choice, ll@12c.; buckwheat and commoner grades, 7@8c. E.x- tracted is in very light demand here, and we would not advise shipments, B. &. Co. SHIP ^^^^ Dried Fruits. or Your Butter, Effffs, Poultry .Veal, Heans, Potato es, Hi Bingham Smokers ^1 and Honey-Knives By Mail or Dozen. JS?" Kept in stock at low prices, by _^i Harper Reynolds Co., Los Angreles, Calif. Leahy Mfg. Co., HifrKlnsville, Mo. Miller & Dunham, Topeka, Kans. Chae. Dadanr i Son, Hamilton, HI. Thomas G. Newman. 147 S. Western Ave.. Chicago. 111. James Heddon, Dowagiai', Mich. Hon. Geo. E Hilton. Fremont, Mich. A. 1. Hoot Co.. Medina, Oliio. W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co Jamestown, N. Y. T. J. .Stringham. lOo [>ark Place, New fork. W. W. Cary, Culerain, Mass. iS~ Send card for Illustrations and Prices. T. F. Bli«GHAM,Abronia, Midi. 1 2 A Mention tlxe American Bee JoitmaL finnU -BICi OOL,DEN YELIiOW. lillKN Made 80 bus. In 18P4. By mail. '•'•■■■■ postpaid. 1 07... 5c.; 1 lb., 25c. By e.\press or freight t. o. b.— 1 pk.. 40c.; H bu.. Toe; 1 bu., S1.25; 2 bus.. $2. Sacks tree. 14A4 J. K. Nniilli, State Line, Ind. Mention the American Bee Journal. The Aspinwall Hive ! ! Qei;)eral licn)s^ Gathering Pollen and Rearing Brood. Bees have been flying every few days all winter, and on Feb. 31 they brought in their first pollen ; willows are beginning to bloom nicely. I opened a hive of black bees to-day. which I bought of a neighbor last fall, and found two full frames of drone-comb, and one of them full of eggs; as I do not have any use for black drones, I promptly replaced those combs with frames of worker-comb that I had stored away, and laid those drone-eggs away to dry. Every colony has from one to three frames of sealed brood, and the bees are bringing in immense quantities of pollen from the willows, and a very little honey. Prospects are good for isy5. Just now I am at White River Valley, 12 miles from Seattle. Orillia, Wash., Feb. 37. A. W. Steeks. THE HIVE FOR BEES- -THE HIVE FOR BEE-KEEPERS Send lor Illu^trateU <'lrcular. Aspinwall MauiifactnriDE Co,, 13A6 JA«'K^ON, MIfH. Mention Vm Aincricaii, Dec Journal. Seem to be Wintering Well. My bees are in the cellar yet, and seem to be wintering well so far. John Wagner. Buena Vista. 111., March 25. Bees All Alive and Buzzing. We have just come through the severest spell of weather that has occurred here since I have resided in this region, now 13 years. For six successive nights the tem- perature ranged from zero to 18 degrees be- low, which, for this locality, is very un- usual and extreme. For a few days we have had mild weather so the bees have been flying. I find every colony in my yard is alive, and apparently ready for business. They are exceedingly eager for any kind of sub- stitute for pollen. The most of my hives had about four thicknesses of burlap put across the top under the cover and down on the outside; a few, however, were with- out any kind of protection except the covers sealed down by the bees. I have not no- ticed any apparent difference in the strength and activity of the two divisions. At the time of the coldest weather there was about three inches of light snow on the tops and in front of the hives, thus serving as a very excellent protection. I had a great desire to attend the conven- tion of the Colorado State Bee-Keepers' Association, but it was my misfortune to be sick at the time. I came to this place a physical wreck, but for several years I en- joyed fair health, when the grippe gave me three annual visits, since which my health is poor during the winter. I think I am in one of the very best localities for bees in all the alfalfa region of the West, and am very loth to leave it. But I fear I shall have to try a change to another climate. This seems the more necessary as the health of my wife seems to demand a change to a lower altitude and a warmer climate. L. J. Templin. Canon City, Colo., Feb. 36. as original. In general, the foreign matter was good, and it was that which gave value to the whole volume, for in my judgment the original matter was not to be compared with that which we are getting in 1895. Seven pages are taken up with discussing the theory of J. Kirby, which is as follows, on page 153; "The workers in their flight with the drones alight on the drones' backs and cause them to give off their semen, which the workers lick up and carry to their appropriate cells in their hives, for the purpose of propagating the young queens." To be sure, that isn't a fair speci- men of the original contents, but think of filling up seven pages with such stuff! Would it be endured in 1895 ? While it may not be best to brag unduly of the wonderful excellence of the apicul- tural literature of to-day, the excellence is none the less there, and when some one says it's badly deteriorated, can you blame Editor Hutchinson for speaking the plain truth ? C. C. Miller. Marengo, lU. [On this same subject comes the follow- ing, which will close the discussion of im- proved and unimproved bee-literature in these columns, as there is no cause for com- plaint in regard to the matter, for the bee- literature of to-day is so much in advance of the price asked for it, that no one but a Whatyoumaycallhim would say aught against it:— The Editor.] Mr. Eihtor:— On page 1S9, Bee-Master says bee-literature was better in 1861 than at the present day. Now it is a pity that Bee-Master didn't live and "shoot off " his pen then. If he isn't satisfied with bee- literature the way it is now. why doesn't he make it better > He takes up a whole column every week, and I don't see that his mite is any better than nine-tenths of the articles published. For my part, I am satisfied with the leading journals the way they are to-day. John M. Rankis. St. Clair, Mich. liiterature of '61 and '95 Compared. Say, "Bee-Master," what's the matter with you ? To be sure, that first volume of the American Bee .Journal is filled with " solid, useful contents." The bee-keeper who has never read it better get it right away. But remember that volume had virgin soil filled with basic facts, and that alone would make it of value, no matter how the facts were dished up. Give 1895 the same chance, and it would lay 1861 in the shade. In typographical appearance 1861 is nowhere beside 1895, nor in general snap and git-up. If Bee-Master will wipe out of that first volume all that is quoted or translated from across the sea, he may be surprised to find how little he will have left. I turned at random to one of the middle numbers in the year, and found more than twice as much foreign matter Bees Had a Good FUght. Bees had a good flight Feb. '28, in the afternoon, but it is too cold for them to get out much, only when the sun shines out brightly, as the air is cool in the shade. C. A. Huff. Clayton, Mich., March 33. Wintering— Best Bees— Paralysis. This has been a hard winter on bees on the summer stands. I think. I packed 54 colonies on the summer stands, about one- third of them being weak in bees, but with plenty of honey. Now the question is, What caused those colonies to be so re- duced in number, some of them covering only four or five combs when packed for winter >. They were strong when basswood bloomed, and I kept them down to 54 from 49. spring count. Did they work themselves to death ? Our season was very dry, especially through the fall bloom. Buckwheat was a failure, but golden-rod yielded quite good. The bees worked hard, and gave me over 3.000 pounds of honey, besides 30 to 35 pounds each for winter. Perhaps there being insufficient water near them, caused them to rear brood insufficiently. So far I have lost 5 colonies, with as many more that are as good as gone. I think now that I will save about 40 colonies. I have been very much interested in the discussion as to which is the best bee. I wish I knew. From my experience in the last 14 years with both blacks and Italians, I should say blacks. I fiud bees from an Italian queen mated with a black drone are excellent workers, but I believe some o£ my largest yields have come from black bees. I find the blacks winter better on the summer stands than Italians. I am satis- fied that locality has a great deal to.do with it. I believe that what bee might be best for 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 225 STILL IN THE LEAD. HILTON'S Chaff Hive§, T-Su- pers, While Polished Seetions, FoiiiKlalioii, Siiiokcr§, and ever- ything needed in the Apiary. —Send for 1895 Catalog— GEO. E. HILTON, FREMONT, MICH. 1 1 A 1 3 Jlfention iht American Bee Journal. In-Door & Out- Door Brooders. 112 FIRST PREMIUMS. Send for 114-page Illustrated Prairie State Incubator Co- Homer City, Pa. MentUyii the American Bee Journal 0. D. Diivall is iu Florida Breeding Early Italian Queens, from his old original strain of Maryland Italians which has given such general satisfaction as Comb Honey Producers, etc. Dntested Ouecus, ready March 1st, $1 each, 6 for $.5.00. Write for prices on large lots, and "special "Circular. Safe arrival guaranteed. Address until Apr. 15— C. D. nUVAI.Ii, San Mateo, Fla. Mention the Ama-ican Bee JoiimaL 8 A7t TAKE NOTICE! BEFORE placing your orders for SUP- PLIES, write for prices on 1-Piece Bass wood Sections, Bee-Hives, Shipping -Crates Frames, Foundation, Smokers, etc. PAGE & LYON MFG. CO. NEW LONDON. WIS. PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION Has No Sag in Qrood-Frames Thill Flat-Kottoni Foundation Has \o Fishbone in tbe Sarplas Hoiiev. BeinK the cleanest 1b usually worfeed the qulckeBi of any Foundation made J. VAN DEUSEN Oc SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Bproat Brook MoolKomery Co.. N. ?. BEGINNERS. Beginners should have a copy of the Amateur Bee-Keeper, a 70-page book by Prof. J. W. House. Price 25 cents; if sent by mail, 28c. The little book and the Progressive Bee-Keeper (a live, pro- gressive 28-page monthly journal) one year, 65c. Address any first-class dealer, or LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo. The World's Best BEE-SMOKER. 3-inch Fire-Barrel. Burns all kinds of fuel. It is Simple, EfBctent and Durable. Price reduced to .5>1.00, postpaid, for the next 60 days. Order at once. W. C, B. KEMP, Orleans, Ind. 13A4 Please mention the Bee Journal. SAVE MONEY ¥^l^i'^^^^^ ITALIAN QUEENS Foundation at Wholesale Prires. Hives, suited for the South, or SIJPPI.IES, send tor Priee-List— to J. P. H. B110W.\, ^uG^sTA, 1 0 A 1 3 1 Mention the American Bee Jcumal. EGGS FOR HATCHING n^TfJ-^'if-Ii?: and $1.00 per 15. Send for Circular. AVG-UST GOETZE & SON, 14E4 3823 Wood St., WHEELING, W. VA. Mentwn tlie American Bee Jorjumai. this locality might not be the best for Texas or California. Basswood and clover are our main sources for surplus, and I find the blacks always have their share from these sources. " Bands " are no object with me, as I keep bees for the money there is in it first, and bands second. I shall continue to experiment with the difl'erent races, as I want the best bee if I can get it. I have had some experience with bee- paralysis in my apiary. 1 have had two of my best colonies ruined with it. It seemed to be worse then than now. Two years ago I had two colonies badly affected with it. I made rather a weak brine of salt and water, and opened the hives and sprinkled bees, brood and all. until all was real wet. and the disease disappeared ; but I think perhaps it might have disappeared any way, the same as it did from Dr. Miller's bees when he painted his granary red! B. W. Peck. Richmond Centre. Ohio, March 9. A Good Beginning, I have just started in the business, and I wish to make it a success. Last year I ex- tracted nine gallons of honey from a 4- frame nucleus that I paid $1.3.5 for. How is that for this part of the country, and a beginner ? A. M. Barfield. Stone Point, Tex., March 9. An Experience With Bees. The spring of IS'.iS finds my bees in fine condition — better than I ever have had them for this time of the year. I have S colonies in good condition, having gone into winter with 12 colonies. Three of them that died had the foamy kind of honey which was described on page 38, and the other one starved. Last spring I had 4 colonies, and I bought 7 more in gums, and transferred them into the movable-frame hives. I had two swarms, and saved one, the other going to the woods. I paid $1.25 apiece for those I bought, and from them I got 3.50 pounds of comb honey, which I sold to my neighbors for §3.5. Now this is no great amount of money, but I can afford it as I make my living on the farm, and can attend to my bees at odd times, in the spring. When they swarm my wife at- tends to the hiving until she gets hold of some bad ones, then she toots the horn for me. On Sept. 1, 1894. 1 received two 5-banded Italian queens. Theirs are the best and prettiest bees I ever saw. One of the colo- nies I can manipulate without smoke, while with the othfer I need smoker, a pitch-fork, and a butcher-knife. Both are 5-banded. Can any one tell me what makes the differ- ence ? I never saw any Italian bees before. After further trial I will report as to the success I have with them. J, M. Jeffcoat. Pike, Tex., March 8. Cellar Wintering— Marketing Honey. I have wintered my bees very success- fully for a number of winters in the cellar under my house, vehere I keep vegetables, but the two winters before the last they were left on the summer stands, and each winter I lost exactly half the colonies I had. Last winter I put 3li colonies into the cel- lar, and took out 2lj all in good condition. I thought, but they commenced robbing, and before I could get them stopped they had cleaned out 7, leaving 19. I had no swarms, but captured an absconding swarm and put it into a hive with fuU combs and some honey. From these 20 I took 48 pounds of comb honey and 9S4 pounds of extracted. All is sold to old customers — the extracted at 10 cents per pound, and the comb at 12' .^ cents. It was not a large yield, but fairly good for such an extremely dry season. The quality of the honey was never better. When I commenced the business, some 13 years ago, I could hardly sell extracted honey, but I never sell a package of honey without a label on it, giving my name and address, and guaranteeing it pure honey, BEESWAX. We will guarantee to get 28 cts. for all the Beeswax of light color or yellow, shipped to us for fale during the month of April, 1895, Ji Ai LAMDN, CHICAUO, ILL. 14A4 Ple;ise mention the Bee Journal. Interesting Monthly for The Family and Fireside Welcome in every Home. I Large Premiums for Clabs* Sample Copy sent Free. Thomas G. Newman, 147 Southwestern Ave., CHICAGO, - - iLr.s. Mention ike American Bee JoivmaU 500 Bbls. Sweet Potato VAllniii lupt'DV Best Variety, $3 00 per bbl. leilOVV .JClNcJ Second Size— S2. 50 per bbl. Red Bermuda, Red Spanish, Southern Queen — $4.00 per bbl. 5 ;T, Discount on 5-bbL lots. Our Stock is Fine. Ordernow and secure a supply at reasonable prices. L. H. Malian, Box 143, Terre Haute, Inl 13A3 Mention the American Bee Journal, Barnes' Foot-Power Machinery. ReadwbatJ.I. PARKNT.of Charlton. N. v.. says— "We cut with one of your Com- bined Machines, last winter 50 cbafif hives with 7-in. cap, 10i» honey-racks, 500 broad frames, li.ouo honey-boxes and a *;reat deal of other work. This winter we have double the amount of bee- hives, etc., to make and we expect to do itwith this8aw. Itwill do ail you say it will. Catalogue and Price - Jjist Free. Address. W. F. & JOHN BARNES. 45Ctf No. 995 RubySt.. Rockford, 111. Meiitio)i the American Bee Journal, GOLDEN BEAUTIES And 3-Banded Italian-^Also Silver-Gray Carniolan Queens Reared in separate yards. Italians warranted purely mated, all at same price. Untested, $1.00 each; 5 or over. 10 per cent. off. Tested Italian, $1.50. Write for Catalog of Bee- Keepers' Supplies. Ci Bi BANKSTON, Burlison Co.. TEXAS. 13A Please mention the Bee Jonrnal, Promptness Is What Counts ! Eloney - Jars, Shipping-- Cases, and ev- erything Ibat bee-keepers use. Root's <;oodM at Root's Prices, and the best, shipping point in the country. Uealer in Honey aad Beeswax. Cata- I'rerJil Ave.Walter S. Ponder INDIANAPOLIS, IND. Mention the jlmerlcan Bee Journal. THE ACCIDENTS OF LIFE . x^ Star Accident Write to T. S. QuiNCEY, Drawer 156, Chicago. Secre- tary of the Star Accident Company, for information regarding Accident Insur- ance. Mention this paper. By so doing you can save Has paid over f600,000.00 for membership fee. accidental injuries. Be your own Agent. NO MEDICAL EXAMINATION REQUIRED- A136 MtDiion the American Bee Journal. 226 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 4, and now a large majority of my customers would rather have the extracted, and are not afraid of it when it becomes granulated. 1 put the price on my honey, and if a cus- tomer does not want to give it he can let it alone, as extracted honey will keep, and if not sold this year it will sell next, with a little trouble to liquify it. There is great injury done to the price and sale of honey by producers rushing their honey to the towns and taking what- ever the merchant will give for it, often selling at ruinous prices, and that often fixes the price for that season. I want to say to those who have been writing to me about the matrimony-vine, that I have none of my own— none grows on my land. It will not do to send it by mail, but it might be sent by express. No, I don't want to employ an agent. I wish to say to A. D. Sellers, of Springfield, Mo., if this should meet his eye, that I answered his letter as directed, I think according to his directions, but in due time It came back to me, and I don't know where to send it. A. J. Duncan. Hartford, Iowa, Feb. IS. Bees in Pierce Co., Wash. Can any of the readers of the American Bee Journal tell how bees do in Pierce county, Washington ? J. R. K. More than Enough Bain. We have now had 24 inches of rain — 7 more than enough. My bees are in fine condition. I have a student in bee-keeping from Holland. A. J. Cook. Claremont, Calif., March 18. Appear in Prime Condition. I now have 10 colonies of bees, and they appear to be in prime condition, while most of my brother beekeepers have lost heavily. David H. Wright, Madison, Wis., March 16. Bee-Keeping in Mississippi. I have just returned from ray hunting and trapping tour, having been away nearly all winter in the wilds of Arkansas. 1 have been looking over my five apiaries, and don't think I ever saw the bees winter- ing any better, although we have had one of the coldest winters ever known here. Snow has laid on the ground for 23 days, with ice to the thickness of 4 inches. The prospects are for a good honey year, as all early-flowering trees have been kept back. 1 have been like Dr. Miller, on the fence. I have been on two fences at a time — one is on the 8 and 10 frame hive; the other is on the best kind of bees for honey-gathering. As I have been experimenting on both, I have tumbled off on the 10-frame side; and the best honey -gatherers are bees from a 5- banded bee crossed with a black drone. This makes the best and hardiest bees, that will gather '20 per cent, more honey than either the 3 or 5 banded or black bees, and I don't find them very hard to handle. But what are we keeping bees for ? Is it for pleasure or for profit ? If we keep them for fancy, then keep the five-banded; for pleasure, 3 banded; but if for profit, then give me the above cross— 5-banded crossed with black drones. J, H. Siples. Gunnison, Miss., March 3. 500 Nuclei Must h Sold This Year ! 1 fnime Nucleus. 7.">cta.; with Queen, $1.00 2 •■ ■• $1.23; •' •• 1.50 3 •' •• 1.65; " " 2.00 Queens an.v time. 30 cents. Satisfaction (ruar- antccd or money relundod. orders booked now— Bees when you want, them. Money Or- der oflice and P. O.. Gunnison, Mies. 12A3t J. H. SIPIiES. THE A. I. ROOT CD'S GOODS IN MISSOURI ;J2-i)u^e CiitiiloKue Free. 4Atf Joliu INcbel <.V .Son, High Hill, HIo. WHEN Answering this Advertisement, mention this JouRrtAL. Largest Factory iu the West. -COMPLETE STOCK.- Good Supplies and Low Prices— Our Motto. We are here to serve you, and will, if you g-lve us a chance. Calalogne Free, Address, Mention this Journal. LEAHY MANUFACTURING CO., HiGGINSVILLE, MO. A. WORD TO THE WISE I will pay the Freight on Cash Orders of $30 or over at Catalogue rates, if within 300 miles of Chicago. —My Illustrated Catalogue— of Bee-l£eei»ei-!!i' Supplies FREE. Tlios. G. IVewumii, ''l^^^xlZVil^:"- California s^ It you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers. Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy 0( California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading- Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated, $2.40 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RVRALi PRESS, 220 Market St.. - SAN FRANCISCO. CAL. BEESWAX WANTED ! For Cash at Highest Price ; Or In Excbanse for Foundation at liOivest Price. Working Wax into Founda- tion for Cash or on Shares, a specialty. Don't fail, before t)uying or selling:, to write for Prices and Samples- to GUS DITTMER, AUGUSTA. WIS. Reference— Aufrusta Bank, lOAtf APIARIAN SUPPLIES ^-^^l.?^^l. Keeper "—how to managre bees, etc— 25 cts. The "'Model Coop." for hen and her brood Wyandotte, Langrsban and Leghorn Eggs for hatching. Cat. free, but state what you want J. W. ROUSE & CO., Mexico, Mo. GOOD GOODS are always in demand r ti^^lYlr I OEl» V I ^yt Is a necessity to business. l_0\AA PRICES '^''®.'^pp^!=.'*'^'' in these times. AVc Combine All Three. I^*~ Write for free Catalogue and Price-List. G. B. LEWIS CO., "V^atertown, Wis. KEEPS THE WELL FROM SICKNESS. MAKES THE SICK WELL. J If used in time it willPreventand ' Cure Cholera. ' Circulars & UnequaledasaTonic ] and Appetizer. Costs only 1 ct. Jj\ per week to ir^ojjv feed Price ' 5 IhS $1 ;30ll $5; 50 lbs $7 ► Si^nd reinittaai^e I with order. Taft & Co. _^ 'Humboldt ,Ia. t'^" Remed/ /fjen'l Agts. & I'rop's. Mineral CRomy Springs Herd Poland Chinas. Hundreds have tried it with success. Promi- nent breeders whose herds have been saved by it, testify of its mei Its. Send tor our testi- monials and read their experience. You doubt- less know some of theni. \Vliat it has done fur them It can do for you, DR. CROW'S ANTISEPTIC HOG REMEDY saved oin- own herd after everytliing else hart failed. Hy feeding rejtulaily in small quantities ho{;s are kept iu condition to get full nutrition fromtlieirfoort— it is a money saver tor it aids digestion and prevents waste. It is a genuine antiseptic and is sold striellyon its merits. The taetthatwe have appointed many of the most prominent farmers and breeders as agents, after a thorough test by them. Is in itself one , of the strongest possible endoisements. All correspimdeuce is tre:iteil as eontidential. Try Dr. Crow's Imiuovcil Condition Powders for horses, cattle and sheep: jiriee 5(ic. Also his Poultry Powders, priee 3.-e. They are tlie best. TAFT & CO., Gen'l Agts., Humboldt, la. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 227 WOVEN WIRE FENCE — ^Horse high, bull etrongV ■"^pi^^aad clilckea tight. ^ Jh.lco it yourself for' 50 f-t\k'3. A niaiiniid buycarxmake I 40 ti'^GOrodoaday. catalogfree. I KitSELMAN BROS,,,^ Ridgeville, Ind. 10E5 rioase mention the Bee Journal. Hunt's Foundation Led all others 1q the Governmentexperiments It exceeded the Given by 6Vi f , and all the rest by 2414. See Sept. Review, 1894. The Largest, Most Comprehensive Catalog of ev- erything needed in the Apiary, Free. Cash for Bee.'iwax, or will make it up in any quan- tity. 1*1. !!• HUNT, Bell Itraucli, IMIcli. 4Ktf Mention the American Bee Journal LARGEST LINE Made in the World. ALL STEEL OR WOOD STEEL LINE1>. Perpetual & Large Bale, Steam, Horse & Hand Power- Guaranteed the Best- Write for Catalogue. FinOCS HFG. CO., Chicago, III. Apl Dovetailed Hives, Sections, Extractors. Smokers, and everything a Bee -Keeper wants. — Honest Uootis* at do!>>e. Hon- est Prices. CO p. catalog free. J. n. Jenkins, Wetunipka, Ala. 2E10t Jkentton the Amtriran Bee Jcninuu. HATCH CHICKENS BY STEAM WITH THE MODEL EXCELSIOR INCUBATOR. TliousnndH in Suc- cessful Operation. SIMPLE, VKRFECT, and SELF-RKGULATING. Guaranteed to hatch a liiraer percentage of fertile e^es, at less cost, than any other Incubator. Send 6c. for Ulos. Catalog. Hatcher made. U ~ Circulars Free. QEQ.H. STAIII...1t4to1gS8.filhSt..Qiilncy.Ill 2-iE13t Mention the American Bee JounuiJ- E. Kretchmer, Red Oak, Iowa, Sends Free his Ciitalogrue of 72 illustrated paares; describes Everylliina: I'sed in the Apiar}^ ; Best <)iood» at Lowest Prices. Delivered to your Railroad at either Chicago, St. Louts; Atchison. Kans.; St. Paul. Minn. ; DesMoines, Iowa ; Cedar Kapids, Iowa, and other places. Capacity, 1 carload a day. S^~ Write at once for his Catalogue. _^% 8E8 Please Mention the Bee Journal. Gold SDd BilTpr Watches Bicycles, Tricycles, iiunsandflstols, Carst) Bupgies, Wagons, Carriages, Safes, Sleighs, Uuoess, t&rt lops, bkJds, 8«wlDfr nncLiDCB, Accord^ns, Or^ns, Pianos, Cider flillls Cub liraners, Foed mills. Stoves, Kptde^ Bone Dtillft, Letter Presses, Jack Srrena, Trucks, Anvils, HayCiitters, Press Ntands, Copj Book>i, Vises, DrilN, Road Plows, Lawc Blowers, CofTfe UlilU, linthes. Benders, DumpCarts, Corn Shelters, H.ard Carts, Forges. Scrapers,Wire Fonee, Fannlni; Mills, Wrinciers, Engines, Sans, Steel Sinks, Grain DampN, Crow Hars, Boilers, Touls, Bit Braces, Hay, Stock, Elerator. Kallroad, Platrorm and Oonnter SCALES, Send Tor freo Catalocne and see how to save Money, 161 Bo. JeSersoa Bt., CHICAQO BCAL£ CO., Cbicago, Xll« 14E2 Pleate mention the Bee Journal. Question;) 'Box^ In the multitude of counsellors there is safety. — Prov. 11-14. Wliat About l>ate Breeding of Bees? Query 965.— 1. Is late breeding desirable ? 2. In other words, do young bees winter better, or worse, than old ones ?— Iowa. E. France — I like young bees to win- ter. B. Taylor— 1. I think so. 2. Better with me. Jas. A. Stone — 1. Yes, if not too ex- tensive. 2. Yes. G. M. Doolittle— I let the bees do as they please along this line. C. H. Dibbern — Yes, I think quite young bees best for both winter and spring, Dr. J. P. H. Brown — I prefer my colo- nies to have plenty of young bees for wintering. Rev. Emerson T. Abbott — I do not want them too young nor too old, but just " mejum," as Samantha would say. Prof. A. J. Cook— 1. I think it is. 2. I think they do, though usually bees are young enough, if properly cared for. Dr. C. C. Miller— I think I'd risk the young ones, only I'd want them all hatched while bees were flying well. Mrs. L. Harrison — 1. I think so ; they never bred so late in our locality as this year (1894). 2. I prefer young ones. W. G. Larrabee — All animals can en- dure the cold best in the prime of life, and I think bees neither too old nor too young are liable to winter best. Wm. M. Barnura — Yes. I would rather go into winter quarters with 2,000 young bees than 4,000 old bees. Let them " breed" as long as they will. Eugene Secor — I have always let the bees manage that business to suit them- selves, and my uniform success in win- tering, emphasizes the wisdom of that notion. Mrs. J. N. Heater — I would not have them so young they could not have one or two good flights before cold weather, but if left to themselves the bees will manage that. J. E. Pond — Yes ! I breed them as late as possible. 2. Undoubtedly young bees winter better than old ones ; that is, they do better in the spring when a large force is needed. Jennie Atchley — As our bees here in the South breed almost all the year, I do not know. 2. If 1 lived in a cold climate I would prefer young bees, or the late fall hatching. But I may be wrong. Chas. Dadant & Son — Young bees are needed to fill the place of the old ones that die in issuing forth during the cold weather. We never check fall breeding; let the bees attend to it as they please. G. W. Demaree — I doubt if " lute breeding is desirable." But bees evi- dently winter with less loss if there is a fair proportion of young bees in the col- ony that have learned to fly out before the colony is shut in by severe winter weather. Rev. M. Mahin— 1. If a colony is strong there is nothing to be gained by late breeding. I once had the queen of a strong colony to get hurt early in Au- gust, and not another egg 'was laid in the hive that season. I expected that the colony would perish, or be very weak, but it proved to be one of my best the next season. J. A. Green — I know of nothing tend- ing to prove that late breeding is not desirable, though that might depend up- on what was called " late breeding." I have never had bees winter better than after seasons in which the honey-flow lasted until Sept. 20. R. L. Taylor — 1. Yes, unless the col- ony is already strong. 2. In my experi- ence those colonies that have become strong by late brood-rearing have win- tered so at least. I can say a strong colony of young bees winters better than a weak one composed of old bees. P. H. Elwood — Yes, but not too late. Nature's way seems best, i. c, brood- rearing continues to the end of the honey harvest. This preserves the proper proportion of young bees for spring brood-rearing. 2. Very young bees are not needed for winter, but for springing. INGUBATORSi e Warrant J WeJ The Reliable* -fi,-. ,■— T ill , Jj ToH*(0tl8(.>pcr ceot-SlLf REGDLiTINii^t ■Jti'". ^ B \jf Durable. Correct in Principle. Leader ^ "lOWItf -V ^ ^^. m Wr^rlrt'B Fair. 6ctS. in SUHipS for 7 ^ '*— new U2 page Poultry Guide and CMa- * Wl'iPne. POULTRY FoR PROFIT mnde plain. Bed-R.cfc Informaiion. "tc -At Reliable Incubator and Brooder Co.,Quincy, III. -k 'kif'kir-kickk-k-k-k'kiK-k-k'kir-k^-kiir-k-k-k-kiK 14 E2 Mention the American Bee JoumaL The American S^ RAW HIVI 8E14 Latest and Best. hai Perfectly adapted to Modern Bee Culture. lUastiatei Oirculir Free. HAYCK BROS , QUINCY, ILL. Please mention the Bee Journal. EVERGREENS! Headquarters in the United States for all varieties and sizes of Hardy Nursery growa evergreens and oma* mental trees. Prices the lowest. six ^5.00 and flO ClO bargains. Over tf^n million everereens and a large stock of other trees. Illustrated catalogue free. I want a yood Local Agent. D. HILL, Evergreen Specialist, Dundee, III. 8E5t Pleiise meutiou the Bee Journal. • tz rn — ;;;; — P P t p —J — — ■— ■ — ' — , r u ~ r w- -J .-^ ^ — , — . — , j- 1 rrsi 'Z^ s S i5 ^ mi F fM E?«^ Ss fe; ^ 'tWsSiJr M i^ jxs FARMERS SHOULD EXPERIMENT and not always take the word of interested Earties. Very few of them have any idea ow much tbe common .soft wire will stretch. They may have been lead to Iielteve it a mere trifle. It is an easy matter to prove that a No. Swire, under a strain of about 1000 lbs. will stretch from 1 to 1". in. per foot and it never takes nn its own slack. That accounts for those liltlo end ratchets filling up so quickly. Our local ajrent will furnish a power- ful stretcher for this experiment. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Micli. Mention tlte American Uccjouninl- FOR SAI.E — 40 acres of choice, healthy pine-land, partly cleared, with house and barn near a l\ O.. M mile from Gull; fine bee- range— for onlv .$700 ! Reason, having two places. CH.18. NORM.iN, ' ^, ■ 12Atf ST. PETEKSBURG, FLA 228 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 4, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! It is always economy to buy the best, espe- riaily when the best cost no more than Bomethingr not half so good. OUK FAL- CON SECTIONS are acknowledged to be superior to any on the market. The same Is also true of our HIVES and BEE- KEEPERS' SUPPLIES, of whieh we make all modern styles. OUR PRICES will be found as low as those of any of our competitors, aud in many cases low- er, and you are always sure of Kcttinj? flrst-cHss groods. We alFo publish THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER, a monthly magazine (Fifth year) at 50c. a year, in- valuable to beginners. Large Illustrated catalogue and price-list free. Address. THEW.T.FALCOMMKG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. ^- W, in. CJerrlsli. of East Nottins- bam, N. H., is our Eastern agent. New England customers may save freight by pur- chasing of him. Golden Glueens From Texas. Vo? BUroer,-^ as well as for Beunty and Gentleness. tag" Safe arrival and reasonable satisfac- tion guaranteed. Write for Price-List. Untested. Sl.OO-Tested, ^l.SO. J. D. GIVENS, ^^^^?^'TEx. 10A26 Mention the American Bee Jaurnal. I AEISB ''PO SAY to the readers 1 of the BEE JOTJKNALthat DOOLITTLE has concluded to sell -BBKS and gUEENS- In their Beaaon, durinK 1895, at thefollowlns prices : One Colony of ItalianB on 9 Gallup frames, in light shipping-box $7 00 Five Colonies 30 00 Ten Colonies 50 00 1 untested queen. 1 00 6 " queens 5 50 12 •' " 1000 1 tested Queen... $i 50 3 *' Queens . 4 (Xi 1 select tested queen 2 00 3 " " Queens 5 IX' Selecttesied queen, previous season's rearinK . 400 Extra Selected for breeding, the vkbt best. . 6 (Xi About a Pound of BBKS In a Two-frame Nucleus, with any Queen, f 2.00 extra. ^" Circular free, giving full particulars regarC- iDg the Bees and each class of Queens. Address G. M. DOOLITTLE, 12A^5t BORODINO, Onon. Co., N. y. Mention the American Dee Journal MOTH'S : HONET EXTBACTOB PERFECTION :old-Blast Smokers, Square Glass Honey Jars, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son. Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.. Cincinnati, O. Bend lOr for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers. Mention the Atnerlcan Bee Mmni/^L Pateuts Pending On JEW PRIICE.SS— - .... SKW M.IC11ISERV & "'* SEW FROBUCT— In the manufacture of COMB FOUNDATION. Kesult— Lowest Prices and Best Work. Wax Wanted. Price-List and Samples Free. W.J. Finch, Jr.,Sprlngfield, 111 Mention the American Bee Journal. Abbott's Space. ES" I want to say right here that those Hives you sent tne went together as perfectly as Solomon's Temple is said to — every part fitting its part com- pletely. — Blue Rapids, Kans. That " St. Joe " Hive ! Write for a Circular and Say How Many Hives You Will Need. Address, Einerson T. Abbott, ST. JOSEPH, MO. Mention the American Bee Journal, ^^^^^ Seventeen Years Ago »*» Dadant's Foundation Was first offered for sale. The following parties keep it in stock and have kept it for years for sale. Why ? Because they want to handle only the best goods, and they say they get the best goods when they buy Dadant's Foundation. Thomas Q. Newman, ChicaKO. Ills. C. F. Muth & Son. (.'incinnati, Ohio Chas. H. Green, Waukesha, Wis. Chas. Hertel, Freeburg, Ills. E. Kretchmer, Red Oak. Iowa. Jos. Nysewander. Des Moines, Iowa, G. B. Lewis Co.. Watertown, Wis. James Reynolds Elevator Co., PouRhkeepsie. N Y. Page & l..')0 Nuclei — have 1 home aud 4 out apiaries. Boukins Orders Nonr— will begin shipping March Ist. No Queens su- perior to my Strain. tw~ Send for Descriptive Catalogue and Testimonials, to WM. A. Selser, Wyncotb, Pa. THE 1895 CRANE SMOKER IS A DAISY. Price, 3!4inch Barrel, $1.85, postpaid; or J1.50 by freight or express, A. I. ROOT CO., Medina. Oliio, or J. E. CRAKE, Middlebury, Vt. This excellent Smoker was Introduced some two years ago, since which time It has worked itself rapidly into popular favor. Its distinctive feature is the Crane Valve, by which the full force of the Bellows is secured without waste, and by which also smoke is prevented from going into the Bellows. The Legs are of Skeleton Malleable Iron, contracted at the feet 80 as to be out of the way of the Angers in handling, and are secured to the Bellows by bolts instead of screws. The Shield Is of light corrugated tin, and bags next to the Bellows, thus giving ample protection from heat. The Cone Tor easily Hits back for replenishing the Smo- ker, and is secured by a malleable-iron Hinge, the working parts of which are milled so as to insure accurate adjustment to the Stove or Cup. As to Fuel, It will burn anything, including soft coal, stovewood, planer-shavings; and it makes no diflerence how much the latter may be crammed down In the Cup, there will be the same strong blast as before. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. 35tli Year. CHICAG-O, ILL., APRIL 11, 1895. No. 15. Coi;)tributcd /Krticlcs^ On Lm-portaiit A-piarian Subjects. Handy Arrangement for Weighing Hives. BY L. G. CASH. I will give my method of weighing hives to ascertain in- crease of honey or amount of winter stores in the hive. "^ : Take four common screw-eyes (I use No. 108), and screw one in each corner of the bottom-board. Next take four stout I % pieces of twine about 4 or 4JJ feet long. Take four stout wire hooks and tie one to one end of each string, the other end of the four strings to be brought together and tied into a ring, or else made into a loop. The four wire hooks hook into the screw-eyes, making a swing to swing the hive. Now take two pieces of 2x2 inch pine, about 5 feet long, and fasten the ends together with a common barn-door hinge, or strap-hinge, which will allow the two pieces to fold in the form of an inverted "J. To one end I nail a strip across, each side projecting about 8 inches, to form a "foot;" the other end rests on my shoulder. Fasten a hook or stout screw-eye about half way from the end on the shoulder and hinge ; take a pair of old-fashioned steelyards, swing them to pull on the shoulder, hang on the strings below, and you have a pair of scales that beat carrying either hives or platform scales. The bees need be disturbed but very little, as all that is necessary is to swing the hive clear of the ground, mark the weight of the empty hive on the under side of the cover, and when the super is put on add its weight, and the amount of honey in the hive can be easily ascertained. The four screw-eyes are left in place permanently. Russelville, Mo. No. 6. — The Production of Comb-Honey. BY EMERSON T. ABBOTT. SECTIONS. I have taken it for granted that no one in this day will think of trying to secure a first-class marketable article of comb honey without using sections. The market seems to demand that these sections should not weigh more than a pound when filled. I am quite sure, however, that bee-keepers have catered to this demand at a loss, for it is my candid opin- ion that a given number of bees will store more honey in a two-pound section than they will in a one-pound section. But if sections are used open all around, as illustrated in a former article, and no separators are used, the difference in favor of the two-pound sections will not be so great. Also, I take it for granted that the sections used wil! be of the one-piece variety, as there are not enough of any other kind used at the present time to make them worth mentioning. I do not think it pays to use anything but first quality of these, for surely they are the cheapest in the end, and will add enough to the looks of the honey to more than pay the differ- ence. Of course, we must produce honey as cheaply as possi- ble, in these days of poor crops and cheap things, but there is a possibility sometimes of getting things too cheap, and when it comes to No. 2 sections, or even creain for the producer of first-class comb honey, it is getting it down a little too fine, in my opinion. I prefer the 1% section. • QUEEN-EXCLUDING HONEY-BOARDB, ETC. I have said nothing about queen-excluding honey-boards, as I look upon them as a needless expense for the comb-honey producer. I have had a queen go into the surplus arrange- ment only once in ten years. Neither do I say anything about reversing, divisible brood-chambers, etc., as Michigan seems to have a patent on all of these things — and I am perfectly willing that she should keep them, with a lot of other' use- less traps that are of no practical utility to the rank and file of bee-keepers ; and, surely, a beginner has no more use for them than a dog would have for two tails. Their utility, in fact, is about the same. They would both make veryjgood freaks for a museum. If anyone makes a business of revers- ing nowadays, I do not know it, and, as to a divisible brood- chamber, I will have to change my mind materially as to the A Press for Folding One-Picce Sections. benefits to be derived from it before I would think for a mo- ment of using one, or recommending it to anyone else. COMB FOUNDATION. I have my own ideas about the use of comb foundation, and I may say just here, (for the benefit of Dr. Miller) I have 230 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 11, them about everything else for that matter. When I want some real, delicate, superfine comb honey for my own table, I do not use anything but very small starters, and I want those made out of the very thinnest foundation that can be had. I have a notion that bees will make just a little finer quality of comb when they secrete their own wax than they will if foun- dation is given them. However, there is not enough difference in quality to cause the general public to pay any more for the honey. This being the case, and concluding that most people are in the comb-honey business " for revenue only," I would recommend the use of full sheets of foundation of the very best quality that can be had. When I say " best quality," I mean the thinnest and whitest foundation that can be made out of pure beeswax. I would never think of using in the sections for full sheets anything but "extra thin." I think the honey-producer who uses aiiy other grade runs a risk of injuring his reputation, for a producer of the finest quality of goods. While I recommend the use of foundation, yet I am aware there are certain times and conditions when full sheets will not be found of as much value as some people would have us believe. If the honey-flow is a long one and comes in very slowly, I doubt if the benefit derived will pay for the outlay ; but where the honey comes in rapidly, and all of the condi- tions exist for getting a first-class article, then there is no question in my mind as to the advantage of full sheets of foun- dation. WHEN TO PREPARE THE SECTIONS. Many of the bee-books and writers on the subject of api- culture say get the sections all ready in the winter. They say the bee-keeper has nothing else to do then, and he should get everything ready for the coming season. This is all well enough as to hives, but when it comes to making up sections and putting in foundation, I say don't do it. It all sounds very nice to say you have everything ready in advance, but sections prepared in advance will never be in as good condi- tion as those prepared just before they are needed. A crate of sections should never be opdned until the bee- keeper is ready to put them on the hive. If he has so many colonies that he cannot do this work himself, it will pay him better to hire some help than to make them up in the winter. Just as soon as sections are exposed to the air they begin to darken, and then the dust settles upon them and soils them more or less. Then, it is also much better to leave the foundation in a box until the time comes to put it on the hive, as it will be fresh and free from dust, and the bees will go into the sections without any trouble. With a good section press and a foun- dation fastener a large quantity of sections can be prepared in a very short time, and such sections will come off of the hive in much belter condition than will those which are made up in the winter and left for two or three months exposed to The Parher Foundation Fastener. the air and dust. I use the Parker foundation fastener and the section press, illustrated on this and the previous page. Another thing I would never do is to use old sections which have been partially drawn out the year before. Many advocate having the combs drawn out in advance. I think this a serious mistake, as I am confident that the comb will never be as delicate and tender as it would if it had been filled with honey at the time it was drawn out. Then, such honey is more apt to sour in the combs than honey which is put in slowly as the comb is drawn out. By the use of full sheets of comb foundation the bees are able to prepare the combs as fast as they need them, and much better results are secured than when drawn-out combs are used. One should so manage as to have as few empty sections left over as possible, and unless those are in very fine condi- tion, it will pay to throw them away and put in fresh ones. St. Joseph, Mo. Do Bees Polleuize Strawberry Blossoms ? BY HOK. EUGENE SECOB. I notice on page 190 that ex-president Abbott takes exceptions to my statement that bees do not poUenize straw- berry blossoms. I wrote that sentence after a good many years' observation, and with a good many pangs of regret, because it was contrary to a long-cherished desire I had of proving to my horticultural friends that bees were necessary to insure a strawberry crop. I have raised strawberries and kept bees for 20 years. I have many times gone to my strawberry-patch when the plants were in bloom, but scarcely ever found a bee working on the blossoms. So I wrote that sentence advisedly. I did not dare to stand before such an intelligent lot of men as compose the State Horticultural Society of Iowa, and utter a different sen- timent. I should have expected criticism. Many of them are bee-keepers also. No one objected to the statement I made. In confirmation of my theory that bees are not necessary to pollenize strawberry blossoms, I will state that I came to this county before a bee — either domesticated or wild — had ever entered it. At that time wild strawberries were just as abundant and fruitful as now. This fact, coupled with my later observations, led to the penning of that sentence. Another reason for my belief is the practice of strawberrv- growers. When pistillate, or imperfect varieties, are planted for the main crop, every second or third row is set with stam- inate, or perfect-flowering kinds, to insure a crop. If the bees did the pollenizing, surely the kinds would not need to be so closely planted. But please understand that I am not arguing to support a theory, but to account for a fact — according to my observation. Now since this matter has been brought up sa prominently, it is desirable to get at the truth. If my locality is an excep- tion to the rule, and if bees elsewhere do work on strawberry blossoms, I shall be most glad to acknowledge their helpful- ness. For, as I said, I wanted to believe they were necessary to the strawberry-grower. I would be pleased to have the testimony of bee-keepers or others who have made observations along this line. I want the facts rather than theories. I don't believe it is beneficial to bee-keepers in arguing with horticulturists to claim more than we can prove. They are as intelligent and observing as we. We must stick to facts. Bring on your witnesses. Forest City, Iowa. SpriHg Feeding to Stimulate Brood-Rearing. BT C. DAVENPORT. There has been a good deal said and written about feed- ing in the spring for the purpose of stimulating brood-rearing in order to have a large force of workers at the right time. Some claim there is a big advantage in this, and others say the benefit that can be derived from it is very slight; and I remember reading one article which claimed that much harm was done by spring feeding. I do not think there is any doubt that there is a big profit in both spring and early summer feeding in some seasons. Some years we can get a paying crop without, while in others, at least with me, it is impossible to do so. Not that there is no honey to gather, but because there has not been enough to be had before the main flow to enable brood-rearing to be kept up as it should have been. Consequently, when the flow did come, there would not be enough workers to store much sur- plus. But in my opinion, if there is anything about bee-keep- ing that requires skill and judgment, it is this kind of feeding, for in this locality the season, amount of stores in the hives, and other things, must be considered in regard to the time to commence, or whether to commence at all — amount to be fed, and how long it should be continued. There is much more about it than I know, or probably ever will know, but some of the things I do know may interest, and possible benefit, some that have not had much experience in this kind of feeding. Of course we could use hives large enough to hold plenty of stores, so that feeding would not be necessary in such seasons. These are a good kind of hive, if one is keeping bees merely for those things to be found in bee-keeping that we would not sell for money if we could. I think I find as many of those things as anybody, but at the same time, in or- der to pay expenses, make a living, and lay up a little for a rainy day, I have to make considerable money with them, too. And for the comb-honey producer those big hives are a failure, especially in such seasons as we are having right along now. In using'them, if we do not feed in poor seasons, it takes most of the white honey to fill them up, and after they are full the 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 231 bees will not work In the sections as readily as they will when they are in a smaller hive. We want the white honey in sec- tions, and then we can let them secure winter stores from fall flowers, if we are in a locality where the honey from such makes suitable winter food. If it does not, or there is no fall flow, we can feed sugar. I consider a pound of the best gran- ulated equal to a pound of clover or basswood honey for winter stores; and there is a difference of 10 cents a pound, and often more, between the two. If we allow 30 pounds for win- ter stores, this will make a diflference of S300 on 100 colo- nies. This will pay us well for our time in feeding. I am not going to give any theory about it, but I will say the largest yields I ever got were from colonies in 8 and lo frame hives. Another thing I would like to say is, that the most pro- lific queens are not the best, in many cases. I have had some very poor queens that were very prolific. Some of the very best Italian queens I now have, or ever have had, are hardly able to keep 8 Langstroth frames full during the time they should be kept full. Very likely many that read this will think I do not not know what a good queen is, and I feel quite sure this will be the case when I say that last summer I killed a 1^6 breeding queen that was prolific and equal to at least 10 frames. But that is not the worst. A year ago last summer I sold for $1 a two-year-old imported Italian queen that cost me over $9. I did not need a dollar very badly, either. But if one was to buy some that I have, and I think they are good, the price they would have to pay would make them think that they ought to be good. Now as to the time to commence feeding in the spring. I do not think, as a general thing, it has paid me to feed much before fruit-bloom, and not even then, if the bees could secure enough from it to keep brood-rearing going on as rapidly as It should at this time. But if they do not, it has always paid me well to feed. In this locality there are no flowers after fruit-bloom until white clover. I generally feed a good deal during this time. If we commence to feed we must keep it up until there is some to be had from the fields, or else stop grad- ually, for if we get the brood-nest full of brood, and then stop all at once, if there is not much food in the hive, and none in the fields, the brood will necessarily be thrown out, or else starve to death, and then, as a general thing, here in the North such a colony is ruined for that season, as far as sur- plus honey is concerned. But on the other hand, we must not feed too much. If we do, with small hives, we will restrict the room in the brood-nest, and thus prevent the very object for which we are feeding, namely, a large force of workers to gather the flow which we hope for and expect will come later. But shortly before the time for the main flow to com- mence, feed heavy if we wish to fill the brood-nest with sugar stores. Whether this is best or not, in a locality where there is a fall flow, I do not know. I have practiced this somewhat, and I think under the right management, it can be made to pay. But my a,dvice to the inexperienced is to try this on a small scale at first. There are certain diliSculties, and much more to learn about this than there Is to simply feed enough to secure a large force of workers. In feeding for this purpose, I do not think it is necessary to feed every day. I never feed more than every second day, and a good deal of the time only every third or fourth day. But I think we can push brood-rearing much more rapidly when we wish to, by feeding a small amount every second or third day, than we can by giving a large feed all at once, or a frame of honey for feeding. I use a good deal of poor and inferior honey and honey- dew when I have it. Such as is not fit for winter stores can be extracted, and by judicous feeding at the right time it can converted, as it were, into many times its weight of white honey. I do not want any more honey-dew for winter stores. Some winters bees appear to winter on it all right ; in others they will not. There was a good deal of it gathered here last fall. I put about 100 colonies in with this honey-dew, and the loss so far is about 20 per cent. Very likely it will be 50 per cent, before May — perhaps more. A good many of these hives were badly spotted by the first of January, but as far as 1 have been able to observe, honey-dew answers every purpose as well as the best honey, when the bees can fly. When I feed sugar I use the best granulated. I have tried cheap brown sugar, both dark and light, and such as we can get here is not fit to feed bees at any time. There is something in it that does not agree with them. Now a few words about feeders. I use the Miller for all kinds of feeding, and I think this, or some kind in which we can feed during the daytime without danger of robbing, is best; for here, even quite late in the spring, the nights will often be so cool that bees will not take feed readily from a feeder that is set outside near the entrance, and if they would when the nights are cool, I think it is much better to feed in the morning, and then the feed will be carried below by night, and they will keep quiet and protect the brood better. Any feeder or method we use in which it is necessary to use smoke every time we feed, is a bad thing. The less bees are smoked and disturbed in the spring, the better. To illustrate the benefit that can be derived from feeding in some seasons, let me describe one of the out yards. Last year feeding was necessary to secure a crop. The bees in this yard were mostly in 8-frame hives — a few were on 10-frames. The surplus to be gathered from this yard was white clover, basswood and fall flowers. There was but very little fruit- bloom in reach of this yard. About this time feeding was commenced, and continued right through the white clover season, for at first it was so cold at night that it did not yield any, and towards the last it dried up. But in the home yard, about 13 miles from this, white clover yielded enough to keep brood-rearing up, and considerable honey-dew was secured in the spring, which formed on box-elder leaves. I never saw the conditions vary in a few miles as they did last year in this out-yard. Practically nothing was to be had until basswood, which was fair, but it did not last long, but the bees were ready for it, and secured what there was — about 53 pounds per colony in one-pound sections. Each of these colonies were fed about 80 pounds of sugar, which, at 5 cents per pound, would be .$1.50 per colony. Fifty pounds of honey at 15 cents a pound would be .$7.50 per colony. Now to deduct $1.50 per colony for sugar will leave $6 per colony. They also secured enough from fall flowers to winter on, and about 12 pounds of surplus per col- ony, but we will not say anything about this — we will say the basswood honey was all they got, and we had to feed 30 pounds more sugar for winter stores — this would make $1.50 more to substract from $6.00, which would leave $■±.50 per colony. In this yard there were 127 colonies, and this would have left $571.50 from this yard to pay for the work. Eeader, do you see the point? Suppose these colonies had been in h\g hives, and had 30 pounds of honey in the spring, they would certainly have used this up if they had not been fed, and they would also have certainly put that 50 pounds of basswood honey in the brood-nest. And, say it took 30 pounds of it to keep them until the next spring, they would have only 20 pounds for another start. They would not have secured any more per colony, or as much, if they were larger, for there were bees enough in this yard to gather all, and more than there was to be had from it, and it did not cost any more, if as much, to rear them in small hives as it would in larger ones. If we would carry the matter out, and count the fall honey, the small hives would come out much farther ahead. With big hives, where no feeding is done, the season is often an entire failure. If this is not thrown into the waste basket, in my next I will have something to say about swarming, for probably many of you will think that bees, especially if they are in small hives, and fed up as I have described, will swarm before, or right in the midst of, the flow. Southern Minnesota. % Au Ominous Cloud in the Horizon. BY M. H. 8. BUBLEIGH. " Pretection to American industry " has been, for a good many years, the magic political slogan at the sound of which millions have danced. We see, in our mind's eye, an American mechanic covered with a shipload of British goods, nearly smothered. A patriotic Congressman comes to the rescue, throws the goods into the ocean, and the mechanic arises and resumes his toil. So far as that side of the question goes, I have nothing to say. Let those .journals discuss it that are built for that purpose. Just now I wish to speak of at least one American industry that deserves the protection of six feet of sod over it. It is not a British industry, but charac- teristically American. It is an industry which has system- atically injured a host of our commonest articles of food, and has thrown unnumbered thousands out of work. The name of this delightful beverage is glucose. Some time ago I read of the destruction of a factory where it is made. The quan- tity of glucose produced at this one factory, in the course of a year, caused the production of all other sweets to take a back seat so far as quantity is concerned, common sugar alone excepted. The yearly output was 840 tons — an amount suf- ficient, with that made elsewhere, to form the principal ingre- dient in every pound of honey, every gallon of molasses, syrup, and jelly, and all the co'nfectionery, produced in the United States. I do not know whether beer is made any worse by the liberal use of glucose in it or not : but doubtless it aggravates renal troubles which pure beer alone simply induces. 232 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 11, That this vile stuff is a fraud is plainly evidenced by the fact that it is nowhere advertised and sold as such. It is made in quantities like a river ; but without any flourish of trumpets it disappears, and where does it ro ? Do you know of an eater who calls for glucose in his food ? I don't. The fact is, it makes its way to the dark cellars of our cities, and is there mi.xed with syrups worth 50 cents a gallon, or about 5 cents per pound in a pure state. Here the American mechanic in Louisiana is robbed directly of the difference between 5 cents and the price of glucose, and the latter can bo had in Chicago for 2,^' cents. Then the robbery is perpe- trated again on the buyer, and the greatest damage is finally done to the eater. If the robbery were done by an English- man, our tariff would be revised. For one, I feel as willing to be plucked by a man in England as by one in New England. For years I have not bought a pint of New Orleans mo- lasses or syrup. I want some very much, and it is offered; but its very handsome appearance satisfies me that it is wedded to glucose," and I can't bear that. And right here is where we honey-producers must open our eyes. We have already had rumblings of the trouble. We know very well that the mi.fer of glucose with honey is in the land; and although he is care- fully watched, and honeyof undoubted purity can be obtained, still the danger is over us. What American industry needs is protection from fraud more than from competition. We need a law that will cause glucose to be sold on its merits, and under its own name. If a man sells maple syrup of less than a certain degree of thick- ness, in this State, or labels his can with letters less than inch high, he is fined ; but the mixer of glucose can compound his wares just about as he pleases — at least, he gets rid of an amount that surpasses any mental conception of it. But just as soon as I begin to think of a law to rectify this matter, I begin to feel wearied ; for the most reasonable food laws ever brought before Congress have been killed there in committee session, for the law-makers themselves were elected by the very corporations we ought to fight. If somebody would give us accurate figures, showing how much labor is displaced annually in the United States by adulterants, it would make very interesting reading. Who knows but beeswax itself will eventually fall among the list of articles that are so skillfully adulterated that detection will be almost impossible ? Imprisonment for life is none too good for a man who adulterates food. Cincinnati, Ohio. ^ No. 1.- -Bits of Experience, and a Few tions Suggested by Them. Ques- BY T. I. DUGDALE. Although still on the sunny side of 40, the writer has had about 20 years of actual practice in the care and manage- ment of bees, and can place them among earliest recollections of boyhood when at home on the farm where my father kept a few colonies in a long, open shed facing the south, at the end of the garden. Of course it is almost needless to add that they were kept in box-hives, which were from 12 to 14 inches square and about 18 inches deep inside, with sticks across the middle to help hold up the combs. The bees were the common blacks — the only race of which anything definite was known here at that time. The only way in which the coveted sweets stored by the bees was secured, was the brimstone pit, and many colonies I have seen destroyed in this way. Later on came the plan of boring a big hole in the top of the hives and putting big boxes or caps, as they were often called, on the tops of them into which the bees sometimes put some honey, but many more times did not. Driving the bees out into an empty hive and appropriating the contents of the old hive to the family supply, was also tried, and usually resulted disastrously to the bees ; owing, no doubt, to the fact that it was not done at a proper time of the season, this plan was soon abandoned entirely. Some time during the '70's, I think, as will be remem- bered by at least some of the older readers, we had an unus- ually severe winter for bees, when it was believed that fully }., of the colonies in this country died, as they were mostly win- tered on the summer stands with no other protection but the hives they were in. My father had some 8 or 10 colonies at that time, but only two succeeded in getting through till spring alive — one colony very strong, the other very weak. About this time I had become quite interested in the bees, and began to read about all of the little that was then written on the subject, and having secured my fathers' consent to manage them, I concluded to equalize them by exchanging stands with the two hives. As it was early in the spring, the result was that they went to fighting and robbing, and both soon dwindled down to nothing, and the moth-worms com- pleted the job by destroying the combs. One thing that I was at a loss to account for at that time was that the colony that was so strong in numbers was in an old hive with a crack in one side from top to bottom, large enough for the bees to pass through for nearly its entire length ; while all those hives in which the bees died, were sound from top to bottom. I wonder if that crack in that hive did not serve a good purpose as a ventilator in allowing the moisture to pass away from the cluster. And I wonder if cold ever directly kills a colony of bees if all other condi- tions are just right. About this time I began to have the impression that per- haps theory and practice might be two entirely different things. I am still a good deal inclined that way. And not to be discouraged by my first attempt, I bought a fine, large swarm of a neighljor who found them, paying S5. 00 for them, which was the common price in those times. They filled the hive that season, and stored 10 or 15 pounds in square boxes with glass sides, these being the first T had ever used. I suc- ceeded in wintering my one colony the following winter, and also procured directions and made my first frame hives. Then began the study and actual practice which soon enabled me to fathom at least some of the mysteries which had puzzled me so much before. During the next two years I increased my colonies to 15, by natural swarming, and sold enough honey to pay all expenses. My father then sold the farm, and in order to dispose of implements, stock, etc., made an auction sale, at which I also sold my bees at an average price of $15. (JO per colony. Thus I secured $75.00 in two years from an investment of $5.00. Previous to this time there was not to exceed 50 colonies of bees within a radius of two miles from this place. At this time there is upwards of 200 colonies within the same dis- tance, and I wonder if that may not have some bearing on the question of poor seasons, of which we hear so much of late. After leaving home I secured a position with Mr. J. H. Nellis, of Canajoharie, N. Y., who was at that time quite extensively engaged in rearing queens and making and dealing in bee-keepers' supplies. Here I first saw the Italian bees, and gained much practical knowledge in the successful man- agement of them. At this time what was known as the "Nellis hive" was brought to the public notice, and I might add that I constructed the first one ever made, from plans gotten out by Mr. Nellis. Also the Hoffman frame was offered to the public for the first time with this hive. Comb foundation also was in its infancy. The first I ever saw was a medium cell between drone and worker size, made by A. I. Root. Here theory and practice did not seem to agree, as the odd size did not give the desired results. Very soon after this Mr. Nellis purchased a mill of regular worker size, and began the manufacture of foundation. West Galway, N. Y. [To be continued.! " Talking Back " an Important Element in Modern Bee-Literature. BY F. L. THOMPSON. It is worth while to give some attention to the methods of acquiring information, as well as to the information itself. Modern education rests on that assumption. In the December Review, Mr. Hasty has this to say on conventions : "Man is apt to meet instruction as a cabbage- leaf meets rain — shed it all off. But when people meet together for a definite good purpose, when the gathering is properly engineered, and things work just right, a curious and indefin- able something comes down and takes possession of all hearts. Enthusiasm and open-mindedness make everything good strike in." This influence, he says, cannot be transferred to print. True enough. And yet I have often wondered if printed matter might not improve in that direction, so that it would come three or four degrees nearer the inspiring influence of conventions. It is a somewhat narrow view, after all, that when bee-papers contain anything but fresh ideas, once stated, they are printing superfluous matter. Every one has had the experience that the clinching of an idea was as val- uable to him as the idea Itself, or the refutation of an idea was as valuable as he thought the original one was going to be. This ?ieMi sensation, often repeated, is partly what makes a convention. The exUnit of that repetition cannot be trans- ferred to print, it is true. It would produce an effect some- thing like the constant printing of inferior jokes. However 189b. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 233 much we may enjoy the latter in conversation, they somehow fall flat when printed. So, then, there is a limit beyond which print cannot go, in making things lively, and at the same time preserving its standard of value ; but has that limit yet been reached ? I think not. The semi-occasional reviews of Mr. Demaree, and the notes and comments on every issue that Dr. Miller made awhile ago. and the occasional back-and-forth talking by other contributors, were read, by me at least, with a peculiar interest, which differed only in degree, but not in kind, from the regular convention feeling. And the final result was that my mind had a clearer perception of some things than would otherwise have been the case. But we cannot depend upon the old stagers to keep up that sort of thing. They have too much else to do. And, besides, we want to know once in awhile what everybody thinks about something, as well as the leaders. The "improvement of bee-literature" movement is, in my opinion, quite as important in this liue as any other. We can 91010 depend upon the editors (whether we could or not several years ago does not concern us) to keep out most twaddle. It would be asking too much to expect them to keep it all out, for that is an exceedingly difficult matter; and tastes differ, anyway. If contributors would not only occasionally, but often, tell what they thought of other contributions, either by confirming or criticising, it would be the nearest approach we could make to a convention all the year around. Healthy criticism hurts nobody ; it is the diseased, cantankerous article that is worse than none. And confirmation is sometimes just as necessary. It has often been my experience, in reading the bee-papers, that a practical hiot was passed unnoticed until attention was called to it from another quarter. Arvada, Colo. [The American Bee Journal is quite willing that the "continuous-convention idea," approved by Mr. Thompson, shall find a place in its columns. But let all " talking back " be done in a courteous way, and with the intention of adding some real good to the general store — not simply for the sake of finding fault, or just to show ability to " talk back." Wheu properly done, much good will result, just as suggested by Mr. Thompson. — The Editor.] A Few Home-Made Convenieiices. BY A. F. CROSBY. I want to tell how I handle my bees from the time they swarm until they are in the cellar. A few years ago, in swarming time, I had 4 swarms come out, and all went to- gether iu spite of all that I could do. It was a great perplex- ity to me. I worked with them nearly all day, got very tired, and I told my wife that I would have some way fixed that would relieve me of such perplexity. I got my supper, started down town, which is about 14 mile away, bought a handcart, the box of which is about 30 by 48 inches. I took out the tailboard, set in a Langstroth hive clear back, with the en- trance forward toward the handles. I set up a side board on either side, of ?a boards, as high as the box against the side boards, with a board nailed on the back end of each at right angles, that goes in tight against the side of the hive clear to the front end, so that the bees cannot get back under the hive. I key it up if necessary, so that the hive cannot move. This leaves the opening in front of the hive about 30x30 inches. Now the hive is all ready, in the cart. Now when the swarm begins to cluster, as mine generally do, on the lower limbs of a fruit-tree, I run the cart (the open- ing in front of the hive) under the cluster. If I see another swarm coming, I give the limb two or three shakes, and the queen is down in front of the hive. I take the cart and start for the stand, and by the time I get there the greater part will be in the hive. I set the hive on the stand, and brush the remainder out in front of the hive. The bees that are in the air when I start for the stand will mostly follow up and go into the hive while I am going to the stand. Now, in 10 minutes after they begin to cluster, at most, it's all done. I have had no more trouble with swarms going together. I want to tell about ray wheelbarrow. I made it very light for holding one colony of bees. It is on springs. It stands level when at rest. I put the scales on it, and run it wherever I want to weigh, and I had a good deal of that to do last fall. I have a railroad for putting the bees into the cellar. It is 8 feet in and 8 feet out of the cellar window. I put on the cart four hives. The cart is also on springs. I run it up to the cellar window, set the hives on the car, which also holds four hives. I run them inside, then go in and put them around. I put in 60 colonies in a few hours last fall without help, with ease. Now, without this I could not do half as much, for I am about 77 years old. I hope some one will be benefitted by my experience. That 86-year-old man men- tioned in the Bee Journal awhile ago, would find it much easier to handle his 61 colonies of bees. Later I may tell about my solar wax -extractor, bee-es- capes and honey-room with window to turn the bees out-doors — all my own make, and lots of other improvements. My bees seem to be doing nicely so far (Feb. 7). I am taking on new courage and interest in reading the improved American Bee Journal. I have not much else to do now. Sheffield, Iowa. CONDUCTED BY DR. C. C. iUXZ-J-ER, lilAREIfGO, ILL. [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct.! Carrying' Out Immature Bees, A certain colony of my bees have for several days been carrying out a few immature bees, dead. These bees seem to have been capped over a day or two, judging from the size. Is anything wrong, probably ? The colony has plenty of honey and workers. I would examine, but they are in a box-hive, and have not yet been transferred. W. L. G. Forest City, N. C. Answer. — I hardly think there's any serious trouble. It is nothing remarkable to see immature bees carried out, and this is caused sometimes by the depredation of the wax-worm. ftueen-Bearing — Basswood — TJnwired Combs. 1. What is the best book on queen-rearing, and by whom published or sold ? 2. I have 6 colonies. If they go through the winter can I rear enough queens to sell to pay me to advertise, and also to increase to about 12 colonies, if the season is favorable ? .3. Will the basswood thrive and produce honey as far down as southeast Kentucky ? 4. Can the extractor be used where frames are not wired, without injuring the combs ? J. J. W. Mayking, Ky. Answers. — 1. Doolittle's "Scientific Queen-Rearing" is, I think, the only work exclusively devoted to that subject, and is to be had from the office of the American Bee Journal. 2. I don't know. Something depends on the season, and still more upon yourself. If you have never reared many queens, I should hardly advise any advertising till after you have had considerable experience. There are a great many queen-breeders, and a new man coming on the field has less chance than those with established reputations. If you have such a season as many bee-keepers had the past year, you'll not be able to double your number without heavy feeding. Now I'm not going to offer you any direct advice, for some- times that's dangerous in such cases, but if some beginner should ask you whether you advise him to sell queens, just say to him, " You let that sort of thing alone till you know more about rearing good queens." 3. I think it will. 4. Yes, I used them for years before anything was known about wiring. But with new combs unwired you have to be very careful. If I had good unwired combs, I wouldn't dis- card them, but I wouldn't think of startiug any new ones with- out wiring, whether to be used for extracting or not. Queen Iiaying on the Outside of a Comb — How Colonies Can be Profitably Kept P Many 1. Last summer, in one of my old box-hives that has a glass in the back of the hive to look at them, I noticed the queen right inside the glass, and looking closely I saw that she was laying eggs, and the workers taking the eggs into their mouths and disappearing, then took another one without 234 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 11, going away with the first one. Now I would like to know what they did with those eggs, and what was the cause of the queen laying her eggs simply on the outside of the comb and the workers disposing of them in such a mysterious way. 2. I would like to know how many bees I could keep in this locality. There are no basswood trees around here, only a few poplar, some white clover, raspberry, blackberry, and plenty of cherry trees. G. E. U. Halifax, Pa. Answers. — 1. I'd give a good deal to have seen what you did. It was a very unusual sight, and some would even be in- clined to say that you must have been mistaken about it. There has been quite a little discussion as to whether workers ever carried eggs. Some say they do and some say they don't. As to why the queen laid eggs there without depositing them in cells, and what the workers did with the eggs, I can only say I don't know. Possibly the queen had filled all available room, and was exploring on the outside of the combs for more room, and failing to find proper places simply extruded the eggs for her own comfort ; and then if I wanted to theorize further, I might say that the workers lugged off the eggs and put them in queen-cells. But the real truth is that I don't know a thing about it. 2. I'm sorry to say that you're second question is about as hard to answer as the first. That "some white clover" is the thing I'd like most to know about. It may mean enough to keep 100 colonies busy, and there may not be enough to keep 10 out of mischief. Again, much depends upon the number of bees about you. If there are only a dozen colonies within two miles, you may have a fine location, and if there are many within the same distance it might be troublesome for a good-sized apiary at your home to store a pound of surplus. Making a guess at what is the usual thing, I should say that you might try increasing till you reached 50 or 75, and then if you saw no diminution for two or three years, you might be safe to increase a little more. But you'll find it an extremely hard thing to settle just how many colonies can be most profit- ably supported in your field. What Disease is It ? Suppose a swarm shows foul brood through early summer, and the latter part of the season the brood is all right, in same comb, what is such a disease called ? C. V. B. Answer. — I don't know. I think I should call it a mis- take. For if it showed foul brood in early summer, I hardly think it would be gone later if nothing was done to it. Chilled brood in early summer might be present, and to a certain ex- tent look like foul brood, but there's a difference of miles be- tween the two. CONDUCTED BY A/RS. JEXXIE ATCIILBY, BEEVILLE, TEX. Queen Carried Out by the Bees. Jennie Atchley : — I received a queen from a Massachu' setts breeder, and introduced her, and afterwards I found her out on the alighting-boprd, nearly dead. I took her into the house and she came to life, and I returned her to the hive. 1. What caused her to leave the cluster, and expose herself to the cold, the colony being strong and healthy? 2. Will she be worth keeping, providing the accident does not occur again? North Yakima, Wash. Isaac Hays. Friend Hays, so much depends that I am at a loss to know how to answer. Now, if you had made your colony queenless some days before you introduced the new queen, the bees may have reared a queen, and she hatched at about the time the young queen was carried out by the bees; you returned her, and she got killed, etc., and you likely did not discover it. Or it may have been the other way — the queen you introduced was taken out and the young one saved, etc. It may be that the only queen your bees had was dragged out from some unknown cause. But I am of the opinion that it was one of the first ways mentioned. I would watch this queen and her colony, and if everything works off properly, I think the queen will be all right for this season. Questions on Bee-Keeping in the South. Jennie Atchley : — At what price can land suitable for bee-keeping be bought in your part of Texas? At what price can bees be bought in the spring ? What price do you get for comb and extracted honey ? Do you winter your bees without any protection whatever ? What are your main sources for honey — what plants or trees ? I intend to sell my bees next fall, and go to some place and make a speciality of bee-keeping. The coming season will be my twelfth summer in bee-keeping. I intend to locate somewhere where bees will need no winter protection. Here in Wisconsin we have them in the cellar nearly five months, and if the weather is unfavorable in the spring we seldom get them strong enough for our white honey crop, which starts the latter part of June. A. L. Calumet Harbor, Wis. Friend L., I will answer your questions as accurately as I can : Land suitable for a good bee-ranch can be bought for $5.00 per acre. Bees in the spring, in box-hives, are S2.50 per colony ; in latest improved hives, .S5.00 per colony is about the price where a person will take them at the bee- yards. We get about 6 cents per pound for extracted honey, and 8 cents for bulk comb honey. Nice section honey brings 123^ cents per pound. Yes, we winter our bees without any protection, more than a common single-walled hive. Our main sources for honey are cat's-claw, horsemint, mesquite and chaparal. ^ I ■ Bees Stored Bitter Honey. My bees are wintering very well. They have plenty of stores to carry them through until spring. They filled the brood-chamber with nice linden honey, and about the close of the flow I put the supers on. In the fall they filled them with bitterweed honey, nearly as bitter as quinine. What is such honey fit for ? How can I keep them from " playing off " on me again ? S. P. Brewer. Edom. Tex., Feb. 14. Friend Brewer, I think your bitter honey will be excel- lent to winter bees on. I used to get, some seasons, in north and middle Texas, quite a lot of bitterweed honey, and I found this bitter honey as wholesome as any for bees, but not good to eat. I would keep the bees from fooling me next time by giving them room in the brood-nest to store it, and keep the supers off, unless they have full-sized frames ; in that case, you can use the honey in feeding or stimulating in the spring. It would tickle me if I had about 40,000 pounds of that bitter honey this spring to make bees out off. If you get this honey every year, prepare to have it stored for your bees in winter, and take oft the good honey. Exchanging Larvee in Queen-Bearing — Dipping Cell-Cups. Jennie Atchley speaks, in her lessons on profitable bee- keeping, about exchanging the egg or larva in the queen-cells when the bees are preparing to swarm. Now I wish she would answer these questions : Could any one exchange the larva after the swarm has issued, as they almost always leave a number of cells uncapped ? Could the capped cells be opened and the larva exchanged ? I think Mrs. Atchley for- got to tell us how to dip queen-cells. Did any one ever have the nameless bee-disease start in a colony of black or native bees, or is it confined to the Italians? Clayton, Mich. C. A. Huff. Friend Hufl', in ray lessons on queen-rearing, I am sorry I left out how to dip cells, and also that I did not make it more plain about grafting into natural cells. Well, to dip cell-cups I use a little stick about 4 inches long, one end made to fit inside a natural queen-cell, leaving a small part on the bottom of the stick just right to make a place in a cell-cup large enough to take in the cocoon of a cell, or the bottom of the cocoon, and move the cocoon, little larva and all.right into the bottom of the cell-cup. To dip the cell cups I have a cup of melted wax, and at first make a short dip, and dip five or six times, going a little deeper every time until the cell-cup is about % of an inch long. The best way to get all cell-cups of right length is to have a mark on the cell-stick where you wish the cap to come to, and dipping five or six times, first shallow,then deeper, etc. This gives the cell-cup a strong base, and the top a thin edge. Wet the stick in water before you dip the cups, each time, and when done, take hold of the cell-cup with one hand and 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 235 twirl the stick gently with the other, and it will come off easy. It will not do to wait until the swarm issues to graft cells — it must be done while the larva is not over a day old, then the feed will suit the day old larva used in grafting. Cells could be torn open and shaved down after being sealed — take the larva, jelly and all, and place new jelly in the cup, and your larva would work. But I think it too slow. I do not know that I have seen any reports of black bees having paralysis. But I supposed all kinds of bees are likely to have paralysis at times. I do not think the disease is con- fined to Italians alone. I have not seen a case of bee-paraly- sis in south Texas yet, that I know of. Moisture, Not Cold, Kills Bees. Mrs. Atchley : — I find njy letter to you, on page 30 of the Bee Journal, all right, but it brought to my mind one fact that I will briefly state to you. Some 10 years or so ago, while testing the matter of win- ter protection, I found myself with a small colony of bees and a nice queen that I desired to save. The thought came to me that this would be a good chance to test the matter of winter- ing, to see how a small colony would go through. For a hive I had a 5-frame ordinary Langstroth hive, made of Ji-inch thick pine lumber. The bees fairly covered three Langstroth frames, so I put a frame of comb on the sides of the hive, and the three combs with bees and queen in the center, covering them with a half-story top for cover, filled with leaves, giving full entrance the whole with of the hive. The only other pro- tection was a thick hedge on the north side of the hive. The winter proved more than ordinarily severe, but this colony came through in good condition, and when opened in March the cells were nearly all filled with brood. I will say that I placed a substitute for Hill's device over the tops of the frames, so that the bees could travel from one frame to another over the whole top of the hive. This doesn't prove a proposition, but is a piece of evidence. I have many such pieces, and putting them all together, makes proof that satisfies my mind that cold of itself doesn't kill our bees; but that excess of moisture does, by freezing, to be sure ; but in such case the cold is secondarily the cause ; and I believe if we so ventilate as to get rid of moisture, our bees will stand very severe cold weather. I am not pig-headed in my ideas. I am constantly look- ing for more light. I give my impressions drawn from actual experiments, and know no better guide. J. E. Pond. North Attleboro, Mass. Friend Pond, your letter brings to mind the very points that I have many times tried to convince myself of, that it was not the cold itself that killed the bees, but the poison, I might put it, or moisture arising or accumulating, and no way to get out above. I for one am glad to get the evidence you bring out, and I think that when we have a fair sized colony of bees, with the proper ventilation, they will stand zero weather a long time. I am glad to hear you say that you are not so set in your ideas that nothing will turn you. That is what we all ought to do — write our experience more and theories less, and be willing to " give in " when wrong. ABC of Bee-Culture.— This is the fine cyclopedia of bee-keeping by A. I. Root, containing 400 pages and nearly 200 engravings. The regular price is !B1.25, postpaid, but until April 20 we make the following very liberal club- bing offers on this book : The American Bee Journal one year and the "ABC" bound in cloth — both for only .$1.80 ; or the parchment cover (very heavy paper) "ABC" and the American Bee Journal one year — both together only $1.50. Remember, April 20 is the limit on these offers. Better order at once if you want a copy of this excellent bee-book. Only One Cent a Copy for copies of the American Bee Journal before Jan. 1, 1895. We have them running back for about 10 years. But you must let us select them, as we cannot furnish them in regular order, and probably not any particular copies. Just send us as many one-cent stamps as you may want old copies, and we will mail them to you. Back Numbers for 1895 we can furnish to new subscribers until further notice, if they will let us know when subscribing. We will begin the subscription Jan. 1, 1895, if you say so when sending $1.00 for a year's subscription. CONDUCTED BY Sev. Emerson T. Abhntt, St. iTosepb, AIo. Oq SlO'W. — "Failures in bee-keeping are very often due to the fact that too many are in such haste to go into the business, instead of growing into it."— Editorial in Nebraska Bee-Keeper. I have noticed the same thing myself. The desire to get bees seems to come on some people like a mania, and though they know nothing about them, they are not content with one or two colonies, but must have a large apiary the first year. I think of one man now, who, being induced to try his hand at bee-keeping by hearing a speech which I made at a farmer's institute last fall, rushed out and bought 20 or more colonies in a few days. He had not had any experience with bees, and, notwithstanding I had advised him to begin with one or two colonies and increase as he learned, he was not content until he had 20 or more. Now, of course, I do not know how he will come out, but in nine cases out of ten, such people are bound to fail. They have but little knowledge of the economy of a bee-hive, and no practical experience, and they themselves would not think of trying any other industry with so little fitness for it. Bees can be left to keep themselves with but little knowledge, but if their owner intends to keep Vie bees that they may help keep him, he must know something about them. Many things about bees can only be learned by expe- rience, therefore it is better, as Friend Stilson says, to "grow into bee-keeping." Candy and Dysentery.— " The fact that cakes of candy were given to all known to be in need buoys up the hope that all will be well ; but six weeks' continuous confinement, with no sign of a break in the weather at time of writing, engenders fears of dysentery in the weaker colonies." — W. Woodley, in British Bee Journal. It seems that our friends over the water have caught onto the idea of sugar-cakes, but they call it candy, and, as per a quotation in a former note, think it should be soft. I asked why soft then, and now I want to ask, why fear dysentery from six weeks' confinement? I am inclined to think that it is not the confinement that causes disease, but bad food. I feel like saying again, how about the bees in Norway and Sweden that are confined twice six weeks, or more? One would think they would all die of dysentery, but do they? I hope Mr. Woodley will report later how these bees come through the winter. ■Why? Pray Xell : — "There will seldom be any use for a queen-excluder on a ten-frame hive in running for ex- tracted honey, while it almost becomes necessary to have a queen-excluder in an eight-frame hive when running for ex- tracted honey." — J. W. Rouse, in Progressive Bee-Keeper. I am very much at a loss to know why a queen-excluder would not be needed in one case as much as the other. It has been my experience that the queen very soon finds her way to the top of the hive when the hive is two story and filled with brood-combs; and I am thoroughly convinced that she will go there, if not prevented, just as quickly in a ten-frame hive as she will in an eight. I should not say " it almost becomes necessary "to have a queen-excluder, but it is absolutely neces- sary for either an eight or ten frame hive, if one wants to get rid of the nuisance of having brood in the combs from which he is extracting. I prefer honey to larva pnp. There is no doubt, however, in my mind, but what a ten-frame is better than an eight for extracted honey, and I should not object to a twelve-frame, if I were running an apiary exclusively for the production of extracted honey. Raising: Honey. — " How to Raise Extracted Honey." —Title of a chapter in "Advanced Bee-Keeping." Friend H. must have been in the dairy business. I have read of raising calves, of raising sheep, of raising horses, and it is said that some people have been known to raise the D — 1, but I think it would be better to produce honey. But since I come to think of it, there is a "critter" known as a "Raising Bee," and perhaps he is the fellow that "raises" honey. They had 'em when I was a boy, but I did not know much about bees then, and cannot tell how much " honey " they "raised." 236 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 11, OLDEST BEE-PA PE„,,^„^^,^^^^ rOBLISHED WEEKT.V 11 V GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, 56 Finh Avanue. - CHICAGO, ILL. $1.00 a Year — Sample Copy Sent Free. [Entered at the Post-Offioe at ChicaKO as Second-Class Mail-Matter.) C3-EOK,Ca-E3 -W. 'S'OK-K;, EDITOR. Assisted by the following Department Editors : Dr. C. C. Miller - - - "Questions and Answers.' Mrs. Jennie Atchlet - - - "The Sunnt Socthland.' "Gleaner"' .... "Among the Bee-Papers.' "Bee-Master" ..... "Canadian Beedom.' Dr. F. L. Peiro " Doctor's Hints.' Rev. Emerson T. Abbott - - "Notes and Comments.' Vol. fflV, CHICA&O, ILL., APR, 11, 1895, No, 15, Editorial Budget* Honey-Dew Honey.— The latter part of March I received a small sample of honey-dew houey, gathered in Crawford county, Ark. It wis kindly sent by Mr. A. L. Reed, of Winslow, Ark. It is quite thick, and (to me) in color and flavor it is something like the heart's-ease honey of the North. Personally, I do not dislike the flavor, though it is quite prob- able that in the Chicago market it would find very little sale. Mr. Reed says of it: "The bees gather this in great quanti- ties, and it finds ready market." Keeping: Extracted Honey Liquid.— An e.v- change says if extracted honey is closed up tight after it has become thoroughly ripened, It will keep indefinitely anywhere. If it is desired to keep it in the liquid form, then upon the approach of cold weather heat it to 150-, Fahr., or a little above, and seal it up while hot in cans or proper receptacles, and it will keep indefinitely anywhere until opened and ex- posed to the cold again. Importance of Bees in the Orchard.— The Maryland Farmer says that in a series of experiments at the Oregon United States Experiment Station, in the pollination of the peach, the trees were forced under glass to bloom in No- vember. A colony of bees was placed in the house, when the trees commenced to bloom. A heavy fog prevailed for 15 days, and although the flowers were constantly opening, not a bee showed itself. During the night of the i5th the fog lifted, and the next morning was bright and clear, causing the pollen to burst. Then the bees came from the hive and kept up their work for eight or nine days. The result was that not a single peach was observed to drop at the stoning season. So great was the amount of fruit on the trees that it was nec- essary to thin it. One tree in the house was securely protected, so that the bees could not gain access to it, and all of the fruit dropped at the stoning period. Mr. George Coote, horticulturist of the station, says that these facts show the value of bees to the horticulturist, and that no fruit-grower should be without them. The ?iorthw^estern and Illinois State.— Mr. S. N. Black, the 1st Vice-President of the Illinois State Bee- Keepers' Association, writes as follows concerning the or- ganizing of another Northwestern bee-keepers' association : Mb. Editor : — Referring to Mr. W. Z. Hutchinson's letter on page 20'±, I would say that If the interests of honey-pro- ducers will be advanced, go on and re-organize the "North- western," or call it by any name advisable. I think I made the motion to accept the offer of the North- western to merge their organization Into the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association. It was hoped that a stronger as- sociation would thus be formed. The Illinois Bee-Keepers' Association had, by strenuous efi'orts, secured an appropria- tion for publishing their proceedings, and this was one reason for the desire of the union of the two associations. Also, at that time there was talk of the .State association making a dis- play attheColumbian Exposition — which they did successfully. During last year bees stored no honey in this part of the State, and the failure was pretty general throughout the State, so far as I can learn, and from correspondence and talk with bee-keepers, it was thought best by the executive com- mittee to call no session of the Illinois bee-keepers' association at Chicago last fall. A Bill has been offered In the legislature at the present term, for an appropriation for publishing the reports of the State association, and has, I believe, passed the Senate, but it is thought doubtful If it passes the house — a large portion of the opposition coming (I am told) from about Chicago. I do not think that the union has been of benefit to the Illinois State Association — there have been but few of those who were members of the Northwestern seeming to take much interest In the united association. Whether the re-organiza- tlon of the Northwestern will be a detriment to the Illinois State Association is another question ; nor do I suppose those who wish the success of the Northwestern will stop long to consider. If it comes to the test, it will be a case of " the sur- vival of the fittest." I think the State association will most likely hold its an- nual meetings in the fall or winter. S. N. Black. Clayton, 111. The following expression comes from Canada : I desire to second Mr. Hutchinson's plea for a revival of the Northwestern. If held the end of September, some of us Canadian bee-keepers would get over to it, as we always have a cheap excursion to Chicago about Sept. 24. I can go from here to Chicago and return at that date for only SlO. Guelph, Ont. \Vm. F. Clarke. Mr. R. Miller, of Compton, lil., says in a letter dated March 30: "Yes, by all means have a yearly bee-keepers' convention in Chicago every fall." Personally (and I think all others will agree) I am not in favor of doing anything that will In any way injure the use- fulness or prosperity of the Illinois State Association. But it is thought by some that the Northwestern association occupied a special field — one that no State organization, or other, by whatever name, could possibly equal. -*-»-»- Ne'w York Lawmakers should have their salaries raised at once, if the following is a fair specimen of the hard work they have to do in the legislature : A familiar Bill in past sessions at Albany makes it a felony for one man to entice away his neighbor's bees. It was introduced in all seriousness, but was killed by a Tammany leader who amended it twice. First, that each bee should wear a collar, and, second, that it should have the name and address of its owner stamped on its business end for identifi- cation. Why not send good bee-keepers to help make the laws, and thus save the rest of the "would-be lawmakers" from making themselves a laughing-stock ? Some of them haven't enough ^'business end" for "identification." Foreign Subscribers will please remember that the subscription price of the American Bee Journal to them is $1.50 a year Instead of §1.00. All places outside of the United States, Canada, and Mexico are "foreign," and the extra 50 cents is to cover the extra postage required. Please remember this, my foreign brother. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 287 ^rr)or)^ tl^e Bee-Papers Conducted l>y " GLEAXBR." SIZE OF BROOD-NEST. Of late there has been much discussion in Gleanings as to the size of brood-nest, the general drift being toward larger than many had been using. Now come .Schumack Bros., in Australian Bee Bulletin, saying : "We use frames 16 inches long and 9 inches deep for the brood-nest, and six of them, witii a good queen, will be found all that's required to keep a hive well stocked with bees." What will be said to that by those who want 10 or 12 frames an eighth larger in size? GETTING COMBS BUILT DOWN TO THE BOTTOM-BAR. Geo. Colbourne lets the bees build their combs down to within a few inches of the bottom-bar, then puts thera in an upper story to be completed, and in ninety-nine cases in a hundred they will finish them down to the bottom-bar ; whereas, if left below till rounded off with a space between the comb and bottom-bar, no change would be made in that space when put above. — Australian Bee-Bulletin. NEW BEE-DISEASE IN AUSTRALIA. W. S. Pender describes in the Australian Bee-Bulletin a new bee-disease, which, like foul brood, makes the larviB turn brown, with cappings dark, slightly sunken, and often per- forated ; but the larvEe retain their shape until dried up to a black scale, showing no signs of ropiness. The disease attacks unemerged fully developed bees in the cells, which dry up retaining perfect shape. No stench, not even the stench of decaying bees. Let us hope the disease may not take in this continent in its travels. MICHIGAN'S EXPERIMENTAL APIARV. Experimenter Taylor reports in Review that during the past year he tried Conser's non-swarming hive and Langdon's non-swarmer, but with no definite conclusions, partly owing to the bad season. Tried two colonies of the " so-called " five- banded bees, and finds no fault with their working qualities, so far as he could judge in so bad a season, but doesn't boast of their gentleness, and one colony were desperate robbers. PROFITS FROM ALSIKE CLOVER. Thirty acres of Alsike are thus reported in Gleanings by Frank (^overdale : 90 bushels seed, !3540; -tO tons good hay, $240 : S250 worth of honey that he wouldn't have had but for Alsike; making more than !?L,000 for the 30 acres, to say nothing of the aftergrowth and the fine condition in which the land is left for future crops. DRONES FROM VIRGIN QUEENS. Mr. Wells, quoted on page 189, decides they are bad, because his queens were not fecundated " until natural drones commenced to fly," although drones from virgin queens were flying before. Such drones may be worthless, but the proof in this case would be more satisfactory if he had shown that his queens would have been fertilized at an earlier date if normal drones had been flying. In other words, would any other drones have been better at that time? Conducfed 7j_v " BEE-M:A.STBR." That Ontario Foul Brood Report. On page 174 is a long article from Mr. Clarke on my " Foul Brood Report." I see that Mr. Clarke has kept about as far from the real facts of what led to the burning of the three foul-broody colonies in his apiary, as it was ever possible for any man to do. I also see that he has made several state- ments that are not truthful. In the last few years I have examined hundreds of apiaries in the province of Ontario, and got the foul-broody colonies cured by an army of men, and I am very much pleased to say that all of ray dealings with everyone has ended in the most pleasant way, with the excep- tion of Mr. W. F. Clarke and two other men that did not, and would not, do their duty ; and then I had to force the law with them for the public good. In 1892 I burned 3 foul-broody colonies of bees for a man that I could not get to do liis duty. The next time I went back to see if the disease was breaking out in any of his other colonies, he would not let me into his bee-yard. I went at once to the police magistrate in Stratford, and after he read the Foul Brood Act, he wanted me to have the man brought before him and fined for not letting me into his bee- yard to examine his colonies of bees, but I did not want to be hard on the man, and refused to do so. The magistrate said that I was the sole judge, and that the Act gave me the power to burn the diseased hives of bees. He then sent a constable with me and told him, "If that man interferes with the inspector while he is burning the diseased colonies of bees, take him at once." The man had cleared out before I re- turned with the constable, and I then examined his colonies and found them all right. In 1893 I burned 15 hives with bees for another man that would not even try to cure his foul-broody colonies. I had written to him and warned him that I would have to burn his diseased colonies if he did not cure them, but it was all no use ; he took legal advice, and was determined to prevent me from burning his foul-broody colonies. I heard of it and went to the police magistrate in Strathroy for help to force the law for the public good. As soon as the police magistrate read the Act, he said that I had the power to Ijurn every diseased hive of bees. The magistrate then sent a policeman with me to the diseased apiary, and he kept two men back, while I piled up 15 colonies that were in a horrid state with foul brood and burned them. I always explain very fully to every man that has foul- broody colonies of bees, how to cure them, and then give him every possible chance to do so, but when he will not cure, and is socareless and indifferent about it that he doesn't care whose apiary would get ruined by his diseased colonies, then there is nothing left for me but to strictly force the law for the public good, by burning every one of his foul-broody colonies. Mr. Clarke knows just as well as I do that I am the sole judge, and have the power to burn, but if he had any doubts on this point he will now see that I am in the right when he reads the rulings on it, of the two police magistrates. Before 1891, Mr. Clarke sold the balance of his old stock of bees and part of his old combs, and of course was prac- tically out of bee-keeping after that until he bought a new stock of bees. One man at Flora, who bought lO colonies of Mr. Clarke's old stock, found them very bad with foul brood when he examined them. He then burned up the whole lO foul-broody colonies, and told other men about the diseased stock Mr. Clarke sold to him. Mr. Clarke had still some of his old stock of combs left, so he went to Mr, Tovall, in Guelph, who had a large apiary, and was an old man, and very poor. He urged Mr. Tovall to buy his old cnmbs whicli had a lot of dead brood in them. Mr. Tovall refused to buy them at first, saying that he did not like the looks of them. Mr. Clarke then said that he would sell them cheap, and said if he would put swarms on them, that the bees would soon clean them out. Mr. Tovall bought them, and he told me that the Rev. Clarke was the cause of all his trouble, as he had sold him the combs that started the foul brood in his apiary. In 1891 Mr. Clarke bought anew stock of bees, and started bee-keeping again. Then I had to go to his apiary, and examined every one of his colonies to see if they were free from foul brood. I made a thorough examination of every colony, and found them free from disease. In the same locality I found a very badly diseased colony, owned by a lawyer; I burned it at once, so as to prevent Mr. Clarke's colonies from getting foul brood from it. Mr. Clarke's bees were gathering honey then, but he said that when the season closed robbing would set in, as there was an apiary a mile from there. Mr. Clark told me then that he was sure that Tovall's bees had foul brood, and wanted me to go and exam- ine his apiary at once. As I intended to go through Guelph soon after that, I did not go just then to Tovall's apiary, but took the train for another diseased locality. I received a letter in a few days after that from Mr. Clarke, demanding me to come on to Guelph at once, and look after Tovall's apiary. I went, and found his apiary of 80 colonies very badly dis- eased with foul brood. I asked Mr. Tovall to kill off a few of the very worst of his foul-broody colonies, and make wax of the combs, and then to put the rest of his time in curing his other diseased colonies. Mr. Tovall went to work like a man, and did every thing I told him, so as to get his diseased apiary cured, which he was depending upon very much. While poor, old Mr. Tovall was working very hard curing his apiary, I got another letter from Mr. Clarke, to come again and look after Tovall. I went again to Mr. Tovall's apiary, and saw that for a man of his years he had done wonders. Mr. Tovall then told me all about how he had gotten foul brood from combs that the Rev. Clarke sold to him. Mr. Tovall made a grand 238 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 11, cure of tils larRo apliiry, and I was vory much pleased with the way h« did his duty. Mr. Clarke says that ho knew that the apliuy of SO ooUinle.s had the disease badly, for he coulil smell It from l\w sidewalk. I don't know that he conld smell it from the sidewalk, but I do know that ho has been blamed for selling the combs to the owner of it, that gave It foul brood. Mr. Clarke says that durluR the followlni; summer (mean- ing ISVt'Ji he had luitilled mo that the disease had appeared In his apiary, t positively declare that he did not do anythlnc of the kind. He wanted Mr. ttoinmill and me In his apiary on a certain day when he was going to have the students there from the Agricultural I'ollego. Mr. tiemmill and 1 got there before the students did. We examined one nice colony of bees that Mr. Clarke thoutflit a good deal of. 1 spotted one coll of capped brood that did not look right — it had no " pin-hole" In the capping, but the capping of the cell was sunk in a little. I pointed at it, and said to Mr. Gemmlll, "This coll doesn't look right." I then uncapped It, and Mr. tiemmill shouted ■' Koul brood ! " as soo'; as ho saw the foul matter. " Yes," I said, " it is genuine foul brood." That colony had only a few foul colls. I then went to the south side of his apiary, and examined his other colonies, and found three or four with foul brood : two of then> had the disease pretty badly. This was early In isstu'. 1 then wariuni Mr. Clarke well, to go to work in the honey season (which was about starting), and cure his 4 or .5 dis- eased colonies. I explained to him very fully how easily ho could cure them, and as it was to .Mr. Clarke's interest to do so, I fully expected him to go to work and cure his few dis- eased colonies. When I went back in the fall to see if Mr. Clarke had cured the 4 or ."i foul-broody colonies, 1 found that he had never done one thing that I had told hiiu to do, and that things had gone from bad to worse, and every one of his colonies had gotten into the most rotten moss with foul brood for the time, of any that I ever saw, Mr. Clarke must have been using some old foul-broody combs, or done something terrible to get all of his colonies into such a horrid state with foul brood. In that time. If Mr. Clarke's apiary h.id been near any other, I would liave buriu>d every one of his diseased colonies in the fall, when 1 wont back and found thorn not cured. Mr. Clarke's colonies were the only ones in that locality that had foul brood then, ami they '2) to go to Mr. Clarke's and cure one of his worst colonies at one stroke with combs of sealed honey, which I would furnish him free of cost. I ottered to do that on condition that Mr. Clarke was to take the colony out of his diseased apiary, and bring it up to his homo to bo treated there, where it would be away from the disease. Mr. Clarke promised me faithfully to do so. I then wrote to Mr. (.Tommill to express (i combs of scolcti honey to Jlr. Clarke, and 1 would mail him .'?li. 00 for thorn. Mr. tienimill did the best ho could, and sent a Ueddon half-story full of very pretty combs. He also wrote me when he would send the combs! 1 went from my homo to Ouolph — about 55 miles— and was there when the train arrived with the combs of honey from Mr. I'lOmmill. And so was Mr. Clarke. Then I found that Mr. Clarke was not a man of his word, lie would not stand by his promise and bring tlio colony up to his borne to be treated where it would be away from his other diseased colonies. 1 fell pretty blue over that, as I know the risk was too great to depend upon curing one colony right among his other colonies that were rotten with foul brood. But as he was bound to have the colony cured right among his diseased ones. 1 took the Heddon half story then, and away we went to his apiary. 1 examined the combs very closely in the Heddon half story that Mr. Gemmill sent, before I put Mr. Clarke's bees on them, and found some cells at the bottom of the combs not sealed, and a few empty cells. 1 then said to Mr. Clarke that if brood-rearing was started in the very few empty colls at the bottom of the combs before the bees consumed the honey that they took with them from the old combs, that some of it would be fed to the larv;»> and then the disease would break out again. The queen could have been caged among the nice sound combs that Mr. G«mmill sent, until the bees consumed all the diseased honey that they took with them from the old combs. But I did not cage the queen, an I expected that colony to got the disease in the spring by robbing at some of his other very foul-broody col- onies. I never would have bought thos(> combs and gone all the way to (!uelph. If I had known that Mr. Clarke was going to break his promise, and would not have the test made lip at his home, away from the disease, but would be deter- mined when ho got mo there to have the test made right among some of the worst cases of foul brood tliat I ever saw. 1 went back in the following spring (189;i), when the robbing season was about over, and examined the combs in the Heddon half story, which I put the bees from the diseased colony Into the fall before, and 1 found only :! colls of foul brood In it, and these might have been caused by the bees robbing at some of his diseased colonU'S. I then cut out the piece of comb that had the a diseased cells, and said to Mr. Clarke tliat I would make a perfect cure yet, with those combs that Mr. liemmill sent, if he would carry out my orders with that colony. He said, " O yes, I will." 1 told him then that 1 would buy a good, strong colony from Mr. Emigh, and liavo it expressed to him. 1 explained to him what he was to do with the bees from Mr. Kmigh, when they came, and for fear of any mistakes being made, 1 put It in writing, telling him to cut all the brood and eggs out of the colony that we were treating, and then cage the iiueon for several days, and as soon as Mr. Emigh's colony arrived, to destroy its iineon and then put all of Its bees into the one we were treating, so that wo would succeed In getting a good cure made, after all, from the combs that Mr. tiemmiU sent. I also wrote Mr. Emigh a long letter, telling him everything about the whole business. When Mr. Clarke got the colony from Mr. Emigh, he divided its bees up and put them in a dozen of his colonies that were dying with foul brood, and then told Mr. Emigh's son, at the Coliege, that it was a line, strong colony of bees that his father had sent him, and that he liad strengthened up a dozen of liis colonies with it, by pu.tting all its bees into them. Mr. Clarke wrote mo then that" he put the bees all into the colony that wo were treating. I did not know for some time after that, that Mr. Clarke had taken the bees that I paid for to bo used for a test case, and put them into his dying colonies. On May '_'•-', ISya, I wrote to Mr. Clarke that if he would hurry up and get his new frames and comb foundation, that I would go to his place and cure his apiary myself, early in the lioney season. 1 also wrote telling liini that I had written to the Myers brothers to lot him have his supplies as cheap as they could when he sent thorn his order. Mr. Clarke never answered my letter until Juno L*o, and then ho was not ready, and h.adn't gotten the frames or foundation. I then made up my mind not to bother any more with Mr. Clarke, but to help all I could in other places where the people were very anxious to have me come and show them how to cure their diseased apiaries. Mr. Clarke had the disease in his apiary in lSy2, ISiUi, and l.!Si»4, and then I had to burn his colonies for the public good, when I could not get him to do his duty. I mailed Mr. Gemmill StvOO for the Heddon half story of combs that ho expressed to Mr. Clarke. Mr. Gommlll did not want to charge mo one cent, and after that he wanted to give me back the money, which I would not accept, as I always stand by what I otter. Mr. Emigh sold me a great colony of bees for S5.00, which was very cheap. He did it to oblige me. I spent Si 1.00 on Mr. Clarke's apiary, and I can truthfully say that I never was so deceived or humbugged by any man in my life, SIS I have lioon by Mr. W. F. Clarke. That colony that I examined on the College grounds did have foul brood, and I can prove it, and 1 believe that Mr. Clarke himself admitted to another man that it had the disease. Mr. Clarke wonders if I can explain who took combs out of one of his colonies and piled them up. 1 cannot, and Mr. Clarke knows that as 1 live over 5i> miles from Guelph, it would be impossible for me to know. Hut I will say this, that if any person did as he says, such conduct cannot be too strongly condemned. I don't care how unpopular any man may be, no person should destroy one cent's worth of his stuff. \Vm. McEvoy, Fiii(( BrwHi Inspector. Woodburn, Out., Can.aof, weigh lees, ran lisihter M5ll fa8t«r. "Warranted for ten year«» | Wheels or axles made for wa^. from 40 eta. to tl 50 each per Kxpr.. I or by mail 50c. to §1.75. ll Bingham Smokers 'i and Honey-Knives ' By .^ail or Dozen. IS^ Kept Id stock at low prices, by _^ Harper Reynolds Co., Los Angeles. Calif. Leahy Mfg. Co., Higirlnsville, Mo. Miller & Dunham, Topeka, Kans. Chaa. Dadant Jt Son. Hamilton, 111. Thomas G. Newman. 147 S. Western Ave., Cbicago. 111. James Heddon, Dowagiac, Mich. Hon. Geo. E Hilton. Fremont. Mich. A. T. Koot Co.. Medina, Ohio. W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co Jamestown. N. T. 1. J. Stringham. 10.5 Park Place. New fork. W. W, Cary, Colerain, Mass. 0'" Send card for Illustrations and Prices. T.F. BI\GII.\>I,.4bronia, llicli. 12A ifentton Oie .4m«rican B«e Jotimot finnil -BIC; f.OLOEN YELLOW. uUlfll Made 80 bus. Id 18P4. By mail. '"'■■■■ postpaid. 1 oz.. .5c.; 1 lb.,2.5e. By express or freight f. o. b. — 1 pk.. 40c.: Vt bu., 75c.; 1 bu., fl.2.5: 2 bus.. i2. Sacks free. 14A4 J. K. Smilh, State Line, Ind. Mtr\lUfn the Ameriean Bte Jr/umaL The Aspinwall Hive ! ! ^ ^ THE fflVE FOR BEE8- -THE HIVE FOE BEE-KEEPERS Send Cor llln^traled Circular, Aspinwall Mannfactnring Co., 13A6 JACKSON, MICH. J/enf ton the American Bee JoiimaU Qerpcral Hcrr)s. Cause or Source of Honey-Dew Honey Since noticing Mef-srs. Stanley & Son's defense of bonej-dew honey, I will come to the front again with my qnestion that failed to be answered nome time ago. viz. : Of what is honey-dew honey made ? and from where does it come ? I hope bee- keepers will rally to this question, and give as their idea.s of this much-abnsed article. I shall first look oat for Jennie Atchley's an- swer— maybe beoanse she is sorter home folks. As the • Old Reliable " covers almost all matters pertaining to bees and honey, let her cover this matter of honey- dew honey. A. H. Webster. Walnnt Springs. Tex. Bee-Keeping in Northern Wisconsin. To-day is clear and sunshiny, with a cold north wind blowing. The mercury stood at 2 degrees above zero this morning. Bees were pat in Nov. 5, and have win- tered well so far. but I am anxious for a warm day so they can be taken from the cellar and have a flight. I would then re- turn them to the cellar until warm weather came for good. The intensely cold weather of the first ten days of February did not seem to in- jure the bees, although the average for the ten days wa.s 32 degrees below zero. The temperature of the cellar was about 40 de- grees. Bee-men will soon be buying their sum- mer supplies. Let me warn them against buying thin hives. I bought a lot of hives made of '',-inch pine lumber, and it was hard to keep them warm enough to allow brood-rearing in the spring. Again in the fall, although I got my bees in early, the water was running from the bottom-boards, and the walls were wet; while the hives made of inch stuff were perfectly dry. The walls are so thin and cold that the moisture condenses, thus keeping the combs and bees damp. Bees in this locality cannot usually be taken out until about April 5 to 10. Honey retails at a shilling. Times seem to be too close for people to spare money for what they consider honey to be — a luxury. Ed. Goodrich. Cylon. Wis.. March ^. Back from California. Friesd York:— Once more I tread my native heath, and thank God for safe de- liverance from a journey of nearly .5.000 miles. I by no means regret the trip, but on the other hand rejoice, and can truth- fully say it was the most enjoyable event of my life. Among the most interesting features of the journey were the city of Denver and the snow-capped Rocky Moimtains in the distance. Pike's Peak prominent among the range: beautiful Colorado Springs, and Gateway to the Garden of the Gods : his- toric Pueblo, and the wondrous "Grand Canyon of the Arkansas." This wondrous freak of nature is certainly one of the greatest of its kind in the known world, and lucky are those who can have the op- portunity of gazing upon these almost per- pendicular walls and ragged acclivities towering in their awful grandeur to their dizzy heights above. 1 also passed through Leadville.celebrated as the city above the clouds, being nearly 11.000 feet above sea level. The atmosphere at this point seemed very rare. We also passed through Salt Lake City and valley, and the valley of the Humboldt, but as snow was falling rapidly, we could see but little of interest. At Truckee. in the Sierra Nevada range. I encountered S feet of snow on a level, and from thence there was said to be 4.5 miles of snow-sheds, but as these points were passed after night. I was un- able to see anything of interest to report. At 5:30 the following morning we were in Sacramento, the capital of California. Here could be seen beautiful green lawns and semi-tropical plants, being quite a con- trast from the scenes of but a few hours previous. The following morning at 7:-30 I gazed upon the tieautifnl mecca of South- em California— Los Angeles. It would be inopportune to go into detail of my trip, as so much has t)een said previously about this beautiful country, yet I have thought since my return that the half has never been told. I must, however, acknowledge the com- pliment of being made an honorary mem- ber of the California State Bee-Keepers' Association while in Los Angeles. I look upon it as the extension of the right hand of fellowship to the State I have the hoDor of representing, more than any personal achievements on my own part. The Cali- fornia State Bee-Keepers' Association is a wide-awake society, and has a galaxy of able and hard-working members at the Lead, who are alive to the best interests of the pursuit. J. M. Hameacgh. Mt. Sterling. lU.. March 4. Death, of a Devoted Wife. It is with sadness that I write in relation to our bereavement— the sudden death of my wife, who has been a compainion for 37 years, a devoterl Christian, a mother of seven children, four of whom have gone on before her. She died March 14. at the age of fJ3 years. Her death was very sudden and unexpected. La grippe, together with ulceration of the lungs, was the cause. RoUa, Mo. Wm. Robsox. Wintering— Depth of Frames, There is not one colony in '20 of the farmer's bees in this county now alive. Those who make it a specialty, and cellar their bees, and who supplied them with enough stores last fall, have their bees in good condition. In recent articles in the American Bee Journal, in reference to depth of frames, the most serious objection to the ll'4-inch frame has not been noted. The objection is this: It breaks and melts down easily. Four horizontal wires won't prevent this. Were it not for this.it far excels the 9J^'- inch frame. Bees winter better on them, and are stronger colonies than on the 9%. W. C. Frazier. Atlantic, Iowa. March 10. Fire Stricken District in 1894. Apiculture in this section of the country did not flourish during the season of 1^04 according to expectations, but wide-awake beekeepers who watch the elements as well as the condition of their apiary, did realize a fair yield of honey after all. The open- ing of the season was not very favorable for bees, the month of April being back- ward and cold. May was intermixed with cool and warmer days, and cold wind. Bees did not breed very strong until the forepart of June. During that month the season advanced very fast, to such an extent that basswood bloom developed at least a week earlier than usual, with a plentiful flow of nectar, which lasted over two weeks, not so overflowing, but steady right along. White clover did not yield much to baUd up colo- nies in a natural way. At the close of the basswood season our bees had a season of rest, because we had no rain from May fto speak of) until Sep- tember. During the month of August, in this section of country, the suffering that both man and beast, and our bees, had to to undergo no one can teU, nor never has been told, not even through the columns of our -old reliable " American Bee Journal. Strange to think not one bee-keeper ever hinted at the fate which stared in our faces during the last days of August and the first days of September, threatening destruction to life and everything around us. For weeks the black smoke was so thick and dense that our vision was prevented to view an object hardly 3i mile off. caused by 240 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aw. 11, \ forest fires around us. Nothing green could be seen neither in field nor meadow. Our bees, accustomed to early morning flight in search o£ nectar, returned empty and mournful to their homes, clustering around the entrances, informing their keeper that something was wrong— and so it was. The first days of September proved to be memorable days to many as long as life lasts. Many towns, both in Wisconsin and Minnesota, were utterly consumed, with a passenger train, and the human lives lost and property has been told by the secular press, and among this property were also many bees, that had been taken with emi- grants to such sections where pasture for bees was plenty. I have no knowledge of any large apiaries, but facts are such that bees were kept by families in said sections in smaller number of colonies, and all was consumed by devouring flames, 50 to CO feet high in places, driven by a strong wind, causing swift destruction ; and very strange, not the least mention was made by any bee-keeper in the Bee Journal. And this destruction-bringing element would have consumed and laid waste a much larger territory in its onward march, had not Providence sent a heavy rain to extin- guish the flames. After this sad calamity, and refreshing showers, nature began to revive again. Fall flowers that had been on the point of developing, began to come out in full bloom, especially golden-rod and wild asters. And Dame Nature proved so good and kind in yielding her sweets in such fulness, that the busy bees filled their empty hives almost in less than no time, for winter stores in abundance — yea, even surplus. I do not overdraw nor misrepre- sent in saying that my fall crop of surplus proved equal to that of the forepart of the season. Yea, even more, over 4,000 pounds from 120 colonies proved the result of labor and toil of both bees and bee-keeper. Stephen Roese. Maiden Rock. Wis. Had a Very Cold Winter, Etc. We are having (March 1) a very cold winter, with more snow than we have had in any winter for several years, but I haven't lost any colonies yet. I have 50 packed in chaff on the summer stands. I notice that they have thrown out nearly three pints of dead bees from some of the hives. Some bee-keepers have lost all. I would like to have E. S., of Eddy, N. M.. (see page 135) report through the American Bee Journal what kind of a win- ter they had, whether they have many sudden changes in the spring. Do they have any hot waves in summer ? What is land worth near Eddy or Roswell ? L Dayton, Ky. J. W. S. Wintering Bees in the Cellar. We have had a very severe winter in this section— two months steady cold, and quite a portion of that time severe cold, with strong, biting winds, sort of blizzard-like ; plenty of snow, and drifted badly. Only one short thaw one day during the two months. Yesterday and to-day have been more comfortable. It is too early to report on bees yet, as I do not know anything about them, only my own, which I have ex- amined to some extent in the cellar, as I winter them there, and have tor several winters past with very good results. I placed in the cellar last fall 109 colonies, all in good condition. A part of them I put in Dec. 1. and the remainder Dec. 24, and Just before the severe storm from the northeast here. I left them out later than usual, as I had to move them some distance, and the weather was favorable to leave them out. In fact, I prefer to leave them out as late as will answer, in order to have them use all the unsealed honey in the combs, otherwise bees will not winter well with me, in the cellar or anywhere else, and I do not see how people can winter their bees when they feed so much liquid sweet in the fall. My cellar has been very frosty some of the time, but not cold enough to freeze any- thing. In fact, we have jilaced an oil-stove in the cellar when the coldest, which would melt the frost, but would leave it very damp, consequently my hives have become quite damp, which creates mold to some ex- tent, and my hives are not ventilated at the top at all. I used to raise the top pieces a little all around, when the hives were placed in the cellar, but late years I do not venti- late at the top at all, and the bees came through the winter in prime condition. I take the hives from the summer stand, place them in the cellar four hives high, therefore 100 or more hives will not need very much room. I place the bees in the cellar myself, and always do so, and prefer to for various reasons, which I may explain sometime. H. F. Newton. Whitney's Crossing, N. Y., Feb. 28. Putting Bees Out of the Cellar. I noticed on page 179, that M. M. Bald- ridge, of St. Charles, Kane county, 111., says his bees are in the cellar (Feb. 21), and he will place them on the stands the first warm spell, and let them remain on the stands. He says that is the practice of the Fox river bee-men. I am living 15 miles north of St. Charles, have (JO colonies in the cellar, and I do not intend to put them on the summer stands until April 15 or 20. J. E. Farrell. Dundee, Kane Co., Ill, Removing Propolis from the Hands. Here is another recipe for removing propolis from the bands: Take some soapine and a little water, rub the hands together until lather is pro- duced, then wash the hands in water, and the propolis is removed. You may think that soapine is rather strong, and that it may hurt the skin. No, it will not. I have often used a little soap- ine and water, rubbed until a white lather was formed, and then washed my face with it. Use water freely to rinse it off with, and you are all right. Try it. Quincy, HI. B. W. Hatck. The Hive He Prefers. Having read what Dadant. Root, and others have written about the size of hives and frames, I will give my ideas on the subject. My hive is 14'4Xl5'.^xlO'V, inside measure. The extreme length of the top- bar is 161.C inches. The hive is about square, counting from the inside of the end-bars, and the bees can cluster in the center at an equal distance from the ends and sides. For this country, where the honey-flow is not large, and where the blizzards are at times severe, I think it will be just the hive. I intend to use a surplus box 5x4*4x2 inches. I have used the Langstroth frame, and for this region I think it too long, and not quite deep enough to keep stores for the bees in the center of the hive, where the winters are long. I think many colonies are lost by not being able to get to the stores in the end of the hive in very cold weather. Wm. H. Eaoerty. Cuba, Kans. Something from an Old Bee-Man. I have had five attacks of la grippe and lung fever the past five years, and these repeated attacks have very much lessened my vitality. I have pulled through, but they have left me very much reduced. I was not in my apiary from June 1 till Sept. 1, 1894, and I then found that the bees would have to be fed to winter. We have had three poor years for honey, but the past year was one of the few total failures in this locality. I have taken a great deal of pleasure in working with and studying the habits of the honey-bee from boyhood. I have been working with the bees since 12 years of age, and I am now well along in my Slst year — almost, or quite, TO years a bee- keeper. Now if there is any older bee- STILL IN THE LEAD. HIL.TO;V'!^ Chaff Hives, T-Su- pers. While Polisiicd Sections, Foiindalioii, Smokers, and ever- ything needed in the Apiary. —Send for 1895 Catalog— GEO. E.HILTOS, FREMONT, MICH. 11A13 Mtnilom, the American BttJaannali. In-Door & Out-Door Brooders. 112 FIRST PREMIUMS. Send for 114-pag'e Illustrated Prairie State Incubator Co. Ho.MER City, Pa. TAKE NOTICE! Before: placing your orders for SUP- PLIBS, write tor prices on 1-Piece Bass wood Sections. Bee-Hives, Shipping- Crates Frames, Foundation, Smokers, etc. PAGE & LYON MFG. CO. NEW LONDON, WIS. DAVIS-JOHNSON CO. WESTERN AGENTS H.P.M'F'6. CO. 45 E.Jackson St. FOOLISH MAN?more^"t"an you If you neglect your interests In careing for your Apples. (/^ ■ H^ ■■ B^ ^ays when youmakeitwithl"! Ilk ■K*^'^^ Hyd- raulic prcss.lBlUnBSavestime money and fatig- '^ ■ "^ ■■ ■ "ue. Makes more and better Cider easier and quicker. Write for Catalogue of Cider, Fruit Machin' ery. Spray Pumps, etc. Address as above. ] 5 D 1 3 Mention the Amtrican Bee JoiimaL am 'aaiiASNVAa eve 'aaAaiiiMaTivAi '3 t ^q paqsjiqnj •saaqOBax ojsnjij oi uoijonpaH piBdjsod s^uaa 0^ 90U,j Suns j3A8J3qiU tiq v sajjUK -OMOS ZXIVAV V— iJLsaivn 3HJ. auwsH noA aAVH COMB FOUNDATION ^*:\T /o^f rt^d and 12c. per lb. for E.ttra Thin, when Wax is sent to me: and I will guarantee that there is no better made. Price-List and Samples free to all. AaguKt Weiss, Hortonville, Wis. Mention thcAtnerican Bee journal. THE BCCIDENT8 OF LIFE Write to T. S. QurxcEY. Drawer 156, Chicago, Secre- tary of the Star Accident Company, for information regarding Accident Insur- ance. Mention this paper. ^ By so doing you can save membership fee. Has paid over JOOO.000.00 for accidental injuries. Be your own Agent. NO MEDICAL EXAMINATION REQUIRED. 13 A(i iui.<*(ii_.u the A merican Bee JourtiaL 109 Colonies OF BEES FOR SALE lu lots to suit. Correspondence solicited. 13A4 C. H. DIBBEKN, Iflllau, Ills. ]Sf).: THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 241 keeper in the ranks, just trot him out, and 1 will with pleasure hand over the belt. I have past through all the changes, from the king-bee and hollow log to the present time. I have been a very successful honey- producer. I have had no other aim than the production of honey and the study of the habits of the honey-bee, in which I have taken a great deal of pleasure. I have never produced any zebra queens to sell, but I have bought a few queens to infuse uew blood in my hybrids. I have never had any use for a bee-veil or any other pro- tection, notwithstanding my bees are mostly the vicious.incorrigible hybrids; for iioney-production I want no other — they are just as amiable as the Italians, that is, mine are. I fail to notice any difference. They will all sting if you invite them to. A 1 ee can tell a coward as far as she can see bun, and gets after him just to see him run. Worthington, Ohio. A. S. Goodrich. Loss of Bees in Ohio. The loss of bees throughout Ohio is great, llore than half of them have disappeared. WM. BAIiLANTlNE. Alta, Ohio, March 19. Colonies Whooping Strong. My IS colonies of bees are all whooping strong. I never put any in-doors, but always leave them on the summer stands, and never lost a colony as yet. I make out- side cases, and there they are, packed in leaves, winter and summer. I have it so that I can put supers inside, and close it over. I never keep over IS colonies. Henrt White. Bradgate, Iowa, March 20. Deep Brood-Frames Again. I have noticed that some are inclined to deep frames. My experience with hives as to size would be, 153sxl3 and lljo inches deep from extreme top to bottom, with a % bee-space at the bottom, and a '4 space at the top. No more shallow frames for me. I think the standard hive is a " hobby" without a very large percentage of practi- cal advantages. My bees are wintered on the summer stands, and of 11 colonies I have 11 left. I never have lost a colony yet. It is on ac- count of the preparation they receive on going into winter quarters. I always put on clover litterings off the barn floor on top of the brood-frames 4 to 6 inches deep, and all is O. K. My frames have a 13J^- inch bottom-bar, and side-bars 10%. Ellis, Mich. Carson Van Blaricum. Montana Called For. I have watched for some time for bee- notes from Montana. Who can tell us something of the soil, climate, flora, and probable success of bee-culture in the Flat Head valley ? B. A Boy's Experience with Bees. Having read the letters of many boy bee- keepers, I thought I would try to give our bee-experience. In 1S91 1 found a bee-tree from which we took a washboiler full of honey and a large swarm of bees, which was the beginning of our apiary. In 1893, papa bought two weak colonies, one of which died, and in 1893 we worked for as much increase as possible, and found another bee-tree. On about June 10, 1893, the colony which I had found first swarmed, but as soon as the swarm left the hive, it began raining, and before we could get them under shelter, they were as wet as drowned rats; but papa swept them into a pan and took them upstairs, where he put them on a cloth near the en- trance of a hive, which had a comb of young brood and honey in it. The bees soon got warm and dry, for they were near the stovepipe, and began going into the hive. They were soon all in. and now it is a strong colony, which belongs to me. In the spring of 1894 we had 10 colonies, and increased to 16, and got about 350 pounds of clear white honey. We found three more swarms, two of which we put together, and gave the other away. From the last bee-tree we cut we took six water pails jam-full of honey. We leave our bees on the summer stands. I will try to do my best with my colony, and report again if this is not dumped into that "big basket." Theodore K. Sattler. Glen wood, Oreg., March IT. Section Covers — Bee-Brushes. We use the common oilcloth for our sec- tion covers, and we find it the best cover we have tried. Our bees are blacks and Italians. We like the Italians very much, but we cannot tell which gathers the most honey, because they are mixed. I think we have as many Italians as blacks. For a home-made bee-brush, I think a few small branches from a Russian pine-tree would be sufficient for brushing off bees when they settle on a stump or body of a tree. Of course, these brushes would not do for brushing off the bees from the frames. We do not have much to do with extracted honey — we only deal with comb honey. I do not think a brush made from animals' hair, or even a feather from a fowl, would be a good one. It will work all right, but I think it makes a bee cross to be brushed with a feather. Take a bee when she is in good humor, and brush her with a hair a few times — it will not take her long to " change her tune." Savanna, Ills. Chas. D. Handel. Adulteration — Basswood in the South. Permit me to say amen to the recommen- dation headed, " Properly label the adul- teration," page 179. "Them's my senti- ments" exactly, Mr. Jenkins. Why should vendors of adulterated honey not be re- stricted by law the same as those of " oleo" and other spurious wares 1 Is there any justice in permitting this base imposition upon an unsuspecting public, to the disgust of the deceived purchaser, and the detri- ment.and ultimate death of, honest produc- tion ? As none of the many who are better qualified by reason of their long residence in this State, have noticed the question as to how far south basswood would grow, I would say that I have seen quite a number of large, thrifty basswood trees growing in the hammocks of this (Volusia) county. It is said to yield honey, though my inform- ant could not give the exact season of bloom. H. E. Hill. New Smyrna, Fla., March 20. CouTention Notices. Minnesota.— The reguUirsemi-annual meet- ing of the Southern Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Association will be held on the first Monday in May, 1895, at LaCrescent, Minn. All bee- keepers invited. E. C. Cornwell, Sec. Winona. Minn. Illinois.— The spring meeting of the North- ern Illinois Bee-Keepers' Association will be held at the residence of H. W. Lee, in Pecaton- Ica, May 21, 1895. It will be held one week later If 'it is a stormy day. New Milford. 111. B. Kennedy, Sec. RUDY'S PILE SUPPOSITORY Is guaranteed to cure Piles and Constipation, or money refunded. 50 cents per box. Send two stamps for circular and free Sample to MARTIN RUDY. Registered Pharmacist, Lan- caster, Pa. No Postals Answered. For sale by all first-class druggists everywhere. Peter Van Schaack & Sons, Robt. Stevenson & Co., Morrison. Plummer & Co., and Lord, Owen & Co.. Wholesale Agents, Chicago, Ills. Please mention the Bee Journal. Novl5 Honey & Beeswax Market Quotations. CHICAGO, III.. Mar. 18.— Demand is good for all grades of honey excepting dark comb. We quote: Fancy comb, 15c.; No. 1, 14c. Kx- tracted, 5(a6^c. J. A. L. CHICAGO, III., Mar. 7.— During the past two weeks a good movement has been felt In the market. Sales have been in small lots, but quite frequent. We quote: White comb of the highest grade, 14c.; oft in color, l.')@ 13V4C.; yellow. 10@llc ; dark, 7@9c. Ex- tracted. 5H® 7c.— the higher price lor white in 60-lb. cans. Beeswax, 28@30c. R. A.B. &Co. KANSAS CITY. Mo., Mar. 14.— Demand Is fair for comb and extracted. We quote: No. 1 white, 1-lbs.. 14@15c.; No. 2 whtte.l2@1.3c.; No. 1 amber, ll@12c.; No. 3 amber, 10@llc. Extracted, 454®6i^c. Beeswax. 22(325c. C. C. C. & Co. CINCINNATI. O., Mar. 19.— Demand is slow for extracted and comb honey, with a fair supply. We quote: Comb honey, 13@16o. for best white. Extracted, 4®7c. Beeswax is in good demand at 25@28c. for good to choice yellow. C. F. M. &S. PHILADELPHIA, PA.. Apr. 1. — Choice white clover honey Is getting very scarce at 140, Dark and poorly filled sections. 8@10c. Demand is falling ott on extracted, prices ranging from 4;4@7c. Strictly pure white clover very scarce at 10c. Beeswax arriving more freely and selling at 30®31c. W. A.S. NEW YORK. N. Y.. Feb. 20. -We are gradu- ally working down our stock of comb honey. and the indications are that we will succeed in disposing of all of the white honey and pos- sibly all of the dark during the spring, at fol- lowing quotations: Fancy white. 1-lbs., 12c.; fair. 10c. ; buckwheat, 8@9c. The market is well supplied with extracted honey. Demand is fair for choice grades, while common stock is neglected. We quote: White clover and basswood, 5H@6c.; buckwheat. 5@5Hc ; Southern, 45@55c. per gallon, according to quality. Beeswax firm and in good demand at30®31e. H.B, &S. BUFFALO, N. Y.. Mar. 16.— The honey mar- ket is getting quite well cleaned up here. We quote: Fancy. 13@14c.; choice. ll@12c.; buckwheat and commoner grades, 7@8c. Ex- tracted is in very light demand here, and we would not advise shipments. B. & Co. Tour Bntter, EKgs, Poultry, Veal, Beans, Potatoes, Hides, Pelts, AVooI, Hay. . Grain. Green and Dried Fruits, or ANYTHING YOU MAY H.WE to us. Quick sales at the highest market price and prompt returns made. Wrile for prices or any Information j-ou may want. SUMMERS, MORRISON & CO., S^rr^J/l^t^ 174 South Water .St.. Chicago, III. Bkpkbknce— Metropolitan National Bank, Chicago, 6A13t Please mention the Bee Jounral. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers, Most of whom Quote in this Journal. CblcagOt Ills. J. A. Lamon, 43 South Water St. R. A. Burnett & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. Y. F. I. Sage & Son, 183 Reade Street. HiLDRETH Bros. & Segelken, 28 & 30 West Broadway. Chas. Israel & Bros., 110 Hudson St. I. J. Strxnoham, 105 Park Place. Kansas City, Mo. C. C. Clemoms & Co., 423 Walnut St. Buffalo, N.Y. Batterson & Co., 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chas. Dadant & Son. Ptalladelpbla, Pa. Wm. a. Selser. 10 Vine St. Cincinnati, Oblo. C. F. MnTH & Son, cor. Freeman & Central av8. Bee-Kecpliis for Profit, by Dr. G. L. Tinker.— lieviseil and enlarged. It details the au- thor's " new system, or how to Ket the largest yields Of comb or extracted honey." Hb p.; illustrated. 25c. 242 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 11, Doctor^s yi\r)is By rm. I'EIRO, Clilcnnro, 111. 100 state Street. Honey or Butter— Which ? So much is being written in farming and dairy journals in regard to tuberculosis (consumption) of cows, and questioning the value — rather the danger— of butter as a food from these diseased sources, that one is naturally led to consider a safer, cheaper and healthier substitute. And where shall we find it except in good, pure honey ? In this substance we may feel perfectly secure from any and all diseases. Its nourishing properties are certainly equal, and for many, greater than that of the best butter. Honey, used in moderation, would prove as palatable, and its possession as practical, and at no greater cost, if not cheaper, than butter. If the price of the cow, feed re- quired, attention needed, and consequent labor in obtaining butter is contrasted with an equal outlay iu space and expense for bees, I believe it will be found that the total in expenditure and income will vary but little, and that in favor of the little work- ers. Let some brother who has gone to school since I have, figure out the problem, and give us the benefit of his deductions. Of one fact I feel possessed of — that if this question is presented to the unintimi- dated vote of our children, " honey " will get the grandest nomination and enthusias- tic election ever vouchsafed a candidate for public favor ! BEESWAX. We will guarantee to get 28 ctSi for all the Beeswa.f of light color or yellow, shipped to us tor sale during the month of April, 1895. Ji Ai LAMON) ' CHICACiO, ILL.. 14A4 Please mention the Bee Journal. THE A. I. HOOT GO'S GOODS IN MISSOUEI :j2-page Catalogue Free. 4Atf John Nebel A; Son, High Hill, Illo. WHEN ANSWERIHG THIS AOVEfiTlsEMEHT, MENTIQ., THIS JOURNM. 50O BblS. Sweet P^ A'allniir larcov Best Variety, $3,00 per bbl. ItllOVl JClSC) Second Size— »3.50 per bbl. Ked Bermuda, Red Spanish. Southern Queen — .M.OO per bbl. 5 ::, Discount on 5-bbl. lots. Onr Stock Is Fine. Order now and secure a supply at reasonable prices. L, H. lahan, Box 143, Terre Haiiie, lud. 13A3 Mention the American Bee Journal Italian BEES & QUEENS Ready in May. Queens. $l,0o. Bees by the Pound, $1.00. Two-frame Nuclei, with Queen $2 50. One-frame. *2.00. Also. Barred P. B. Eggs, for settiug, *1.00 per 15. Mrs. A. A. SIMPSOK, Box 48, Swarts, Fa. 15A13t Please mention the Bee .lournal. -SECTIONS- Having a large stock of 7-io-foot and 1 15-16 Inch Sections, will sell tliem— No. 1 White $1.75 M; Cream .1:1.25 M Discount on Quantity. These are perfect. Sections. Catalogue oi iSiipplieH and Bees I. J. i^TRIlVCiHAIII, 105 Park Place. NEW YUKK, N. Y. Largest Factory iu the West. -COMPLETE STOCK. - Good Supplies and Low Prices— Our Motto. We are here to serve you, and will, if you give us a chance. Catalnjrup Free. Address. Mention this Journal. LEAHY MANUFACTURING CO.. HiGGINSVILLE. MO. A. WORD TO THE WISE I will pay the Freight on Cash Orders of S20 or over at Catalogue rates, if within 300 miles of Chicago. —My Illustrated Catalogue— of Itee-Koepcrs^ Supplies FREE. Tlios. G. KewHian, 147 South Western Ave. CHICAGO, Ilili. California If you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers. Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated, $2.40 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL PRESS, 220 Market St.. - SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. FOUNDATION Is way up, and it will pay you to look around^ %Vorking ^Vax Into Foundation by the lb. a SpeelaUy. Beeswax wanted at all times. I pay the higliest price, and sell Foundation at a low. margin. Send lor Samples and Prices, to— GUS OlTTiTlER, AUGUSTA. WIS. Reference— Augusta Bank. lOAtf APIARIAN SUPPLIES ^^fl.^^ife. Keeper " — how to manage bees. etc. — 25 cts. The -'Model Coop." for hen and her brood Wyandotte, Langshan and Leghorn Eggs for hatching. Cat. free, but state what you want J. W. BOUSE & CO. , Mexico, Uo. GOOD GOODS are always in demand. LOW PRICES "^^pp^^""^^ in these times. P R O IVI Pi O El n V I O C is a necessity to business. We Combine All Three. i^~ Write for free Catalogue and Price-List. G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis. tS~ Be sure to mention the American Bee Journal when you write. „sSi PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION HaM No Sag iu Hrood-Fraiues Thin Flat-Bottom Foundation Has i\o Fishbone in the Sarplos Honey. Being the cteaneBt Is usually worked the quickest of any Foundation made J. VAN DEUSEIN & SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Sprout Brook MontKomery Co., N. T. BEGINNERS. Beginners should hare a copy of the Amateur Bee-Kceper, a TO-page book by Prof, .1. W. House. Price 25 cents; if sent by mail. 28c. The little book and the Progressive Bee-Keeper (a live, pro- gressive 28-page monthly journal) one year, 6oc. Address any flrst-class dealer, or LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo The AVorld's Best BEE-SMOKER. 3-inch Fire-Barrel. Burns all kinds of fuel. It is Simple, Efiieieut and I>urable. Price reduced to $1.00. postpaid, for the next 60 days. Order at once. W. C. R. KEMP, Orleans, Ind. 13A-4 Please mention the Bee Journal. SAVE MONEY P; f,:il! ITALIAN QUEENS Tf vou want flrst-( FUR BUSIXIiSi Fonndattou at Wholesale Prlcesr Hives, suited for the South, or SliPPI.lES, send for Price-List— to A.XJC3-XJSTA, J. P. H. BROW.\, 1 0 A 1 3 1 Mention the Ainerican Bee Journal. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 243 EVERGREENS thatlive ond Rrow is whatyou want. I sell them. Nursery grown trees, JtJ5. 8 varieties, transplanted evercreens one foot and up, packed and on cars for $10.00. Greatest bargain ever offered. Smaller lots cheap. Windbreak trees a specialty. Illustrated catalogne free. Local Acents wanted. Mention paper. D. HILL, ETSTgreen Specialist, Dundee, III. 31)31 Please meutiou the Bee .louroal. E.L.Kincaid's Ad Notice to Bee-Keepers A Dealers. I have one of the Largest and Best Equipped Factories in the West devoted entirely to the f?^?,^nrseeurei Bce-Kecpers' Supplies. the right to manufacture the Improved Hi^Siiisville Hive Cover, I will place it on all Hives sent out this year, unless other- ■wiseordered. Send your name on apostalcard at once, for Large Illustrated Catalogue and Price-List free, giving prices and full descrip- tion of the Improved Hive Cover, D. T. Hives, Sections, Frames. Supers, Crates. Boxes, Ex- tractors. Foundation. Smolsers. Veils. Queeu- Oages, Etc. E. L. KINCAID, WALKER, MO, 7D8t Mention the American Bee Journal. ONE MAN WITH THE UNION =°-|;,~^'^^'°N Can do the work of four men using hand tools, in Hipping, Cutting-off. Mi- tring, Kabbeting, Groov- ing. Gaining, Dadoing, Edging-up. Jointing Stuff, etc. Full Line of Foot and Hand Power Machinery, .Sold on Trial. Calalogne Free. SENECA FALIiS niFG. CO., 46 Water St., SENECA FALLS. N. T 2.51)12 Mention the Amerii-mi Bee Journal. FOR SALE CHEAP FOR CASH. 1 Colony Italian Bees in 10-frame Langstroth hive, $5.00; '2 or more, $4.00 each. Tested Italian Queen $1.00. Address. OTTO KLEINOW, 122 Military Ave., DETROIT. MICH. BERKSBTBE, Chester White, Jersey Bed and Poland China PIGS. Jersey, Guernsey and HolBtein Cattle. Thoroughbred Sheep. Fancy Poultry. Hunting ______ »nd Honse Dogs. Catalogue. g. wTf'UITHi CocbranTllle, Chester Co..Fenna. ] J I >06 Mention the American Bee Journal. SUCCESSFUI i INCUBATOR Uj , A CHtalogue giving fullW ioformation regarding^ artifi-ial hatcking andT brooding, also a treatise^ on poultry raising sentj FREE* Write now to, f Des Uolnes Incubator Cd.,g Boi 1 Des Moines. La.' Mention tfte American Bee Journal. 1D8 K«o rtiflonAo— Stampeders. Cheap but good. l»i::c^-JfSH'^0';39M^J&Si!ft^2^^ A NEW TALKING MACHINE Is the latest invention, and it differs from the phonograph in tins; Instead of merely repeat- in{? what IS .said toit, this machine takesbotb sides of the fem'e question. It gives straight wire a fair sliow against coiled springs, convinces the most slicptical that e.xpansibn and contraction must be ijrovlded for, and nothing but abundant elasticity %vl!l do it. Send ft>r particulars. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich. 3Ietitkm the American Bee Journal. For Sale or Exchange ! Lot of Miscellaneous Supplies, some new and some second-hand. Must be disposed of on aceotiiit of removal. Write for what you want or for list of Goods. Will exchange for team, harness, buggy, or platform wagon, orotfers. F. H. KICHARDiSOIN, 1.5A8t LACLEDE, Linn Co., MO. rroiu|)tness Is What Counts ! Honey - Jars, Shipping'- Cases, and ev- I erything that bee-keepers use. Root's I GoodH at Root's Fricew, and the best shipping' point in the country. l>ealerin Honej' and Beeswax. Cata- rr6TJaslA.e.WalterS. Pouder INDIANAPOLIS. IND. Mention the American Bee JouniaZ. GOLDEN BEAUTIES And 3-Banoed Italian-Also Silver-Gray Carniolan Queens Reared in separate yards. Italians warranted purelj' mated, all at same price. Untested. SI. 00 each; .') orover. 10 percent, off. Tested Italian, iil.no. Write for Catalog of Bee- Keepers' Supplies. Ci Bi BANKoTON, Burlison Co.. TEXAS. 13A Please mention the Bee Journal. 244 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 11, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! It is always economy to buy the best, espe- cially when the best cost no more than something not half so good. OUR FAL- CON SECTIONS are acknowledged to be superior to any on the market. The same Is alsotrueot our HIVES and BEE- KEEPERS' SUPPLIES, of which we make aU modern styles. OUR PRICES will be found as low as those of any of our competitors, and in many cases low- er, and you are always sure of getting flrst^cliss goods. We also publish THE AMERICAN HEE-KEEPER, a monthly magazine (Fifth yean at 50c. a year, in- valuable to beginners. Large illustrated catalogue and price-list free. Address. THEW.T.FALtmERMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. ^P~ W. m. GerrlsJi. of East Nottlng- bani, N. H., is our Eastern agent. New England customers may save freight by pur- chasing of him. Golden Glueens From Texas, ^'^^r^^^^l^ as well as for Beauty and Gentleness. pe^ Safe arrival and reasonable satisfac- tion guaranteed. Write for Price-List. atTntesterf, Sl.OO— Tested, S1.50. J. D. GIVENS, ^^^^?^'TEx. IOA'26 Mention the American Bee Journal. I AEISE ''PO SAY to the readers L of the BEE JOURNAL that I>OOIilTTLE has concluded to sell — BEBS and QUEENS— In their season, during 1895, at thefollowlnB prices ; One Colony of Italians on y Gallup frames, in hpht shipping-box $7 00 Five Colonies 30 00 Ten Colonies 50 00 1 untested queen, l fnt 6 " queens 5 50 12 1 tested Queen... 3 " Queens . 1 select tested queen 2 00 3 " " Queens 5 OC Selecttested queen, previous season's rearing. . 4 oo Kxtra Selected forbreeding.THB vert best.. 6 00 About a Pound of BEES in a Two-frame Nucieufl. with any Queen, $2.00 extra. ^" Circular free, giving full particulars regard- ing the Bees and each class of Queens. Address G. M. DGGLITTLE, 12A25t BORODINO. Onon. Co., N. Y. Mention the American Bee Journal lOUO 4 00 MUTH'S HOITEY EXTBACTOB PERFECTION Cold-Blast Smokers, Sqnare Glass Honey Jars, For Circulars, apply to Cha8. F. Etc. , Mdth & Son. Cor. Freeman & Central Ares., Cincinnati, O. Send lOe for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers. Mention the American Bee Jour»i/i'. Patents Pending On liEg^ in the manufacture of COMB FOUNDATION. Result^ Lowest Prices and Best Work. Wax Wanted. Price-Iiist and Samples Free. W.J. Fitich,Jr.,Springfield, 111 Maitlon the Americdn Bee JournaL Abbott's Space. That "St. Joe " Hive ! ^W The "St. Joe " cau hold its own with any of them. Every one who ex- amines it admires it, especially for its cheapness. — Barnabd, Mo. Write for a Circular and Say Ho'w Many Hives You Will Need. Address, Emerson T. Abhott, ST. JOSEPH, MO. Mention the American Bee Journal. ^^^^^ Seventeen Years Ago Dadant's Foundation ^iii.^iti Was first offered for sale. The following parties keep it in stock and have kept it for years for sale. Why ? Because they want to handle only the best goods, and they say they get the best goods when they buy Dadant's Foundation. Thomas G. Newman. Chicago. Ills. C. F. Muth & Son. Cincinnati. Ohio Chaa. H. Green. Waukesha, Wis. Chas. Hertel. Freeburt:, lUs. E. Kretchmer. Ked Oak. Iowa. Jos. Nysewander, Des MoineB, Iowa. G. B. Lewis Co.. Walertown, Wis. James Reynolds Elevator Co., Poughkeepsie. N Y. Page & Lyon. New London, Wis. La. Bee-Keepers' Supply Co., DonaldBonTille, La. E. F. Quigley, UnionTilie. Mo. I G. K. Hnhbard. Fort Wavne. Ind. L. Hanssen, Davenport, Iowa. C. Theilmann, Theilmanton. Minn. E. C. Eaglesfield. Berlin. Wis. Walter 8. Pouder. Indianapolis, Ind E. T.Abbott. St. Joieph, Mo. J. M. Jenkins, Wetumpka, Alabama John Key. East Saginaw. Mich. J. W. Biltenbender. Knoxville. Iowa. Vickerv Bros., Evansville, Ind. Mrs. Jennie Atchlev, Beeville. Texas. Is not such a steady trade a proof of real merit in the goods we sell ? We also make a specialty of Veils and "Veil Stuffs of best quality. Beeswax Wanted at All Times. Bee-keepers' Supplies, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails, etc. Samples of Foun- dation and Tulle FREE with circular. Instructions to beginners with circular. Send us your address. CHAS. Mention the American Bee Journal. DADANT & SON, TTATVTTT.Tmj, Hancock Co. Hili. —SOUTHERN— HoiiiEoItlieHQliEa-Bee Where you can buv Queens, as good as the best— Warranted Purely Mated, and guaran- teed free from Paralysis. From either an Im- ported or a Straght 5-B. or Golden Mother— T.5 cents each; 12 for$T.50. Tested, $1.00 each; 12for$9.00. After June 1st, 50 cents each; 12 tor$4.00; Tested. 73 cents each. 12, $7.30. Good Breeders, J2.00 each; Straight 5-B. or •' Faultless " Queens. $2.50 each. Bees, 75c. per lb. Circular Free. Address, HVFSTEDLER BROS. 10A26 CLARKSVILLE, TEX. Mention the American Bee Jourruu. ORDER SPRING QUEENS. I will send a Guaranteed 5-Banded Yellow Queen, bred from a Breeder selected from 1000 Queens (some producing over 400 lbs. of honey to the colony); or a 3-Banded Italian Leather-Colored Queen direct from a Breeder imported from Italy. Oct. '94— at 75c., and a special low price for a quantity. My secret is to sell an extra-large amount, which enables me to sell at low prices. Will run this spring 350 Nuclei — have 1 home and 4 out apiaries. Booking Orders Nonv — will begin shipping March 1st. No Queens su- perior to my Strain. ^F" Send for Descriptive Catalogue and Testimonials, to Wm. a. Selser, Wyncote, Pa. OUR PRICES May appear to be higher than some manufacturers'; but when you consider Quantity and Qualitf, they are low. You may be able to buy Sections at Gut Prices, but they are not our Superb Polished Sections. The fact Is, we don't have to cut prices to sell 'em; and the same is true of our Hives. . „ Thirty-Six page Catalog free. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. 35th Year. CHICAGO, ILL., APRIL 18, 1895. No. 16. Dot's a Pee in Your Fonnet. BY MKS. E. R. B. I goes me out unto my little hive Shust as prave as a corporal's guard, With a shmile on my face I save for mine wife Vhen I try not to look very schkared. What you tink ? Dot bees meet me at the door — Thousan' hiss, thousan' pinch, thousan' sass. Und de more I shump and de more I roar Und de more I roll me on the grass — Ho. dot's a pee in your ponnet ! Ho, dot's one on your sight ! 0«e pee. mine friend ? Dare' s fifty a minute ! Dare's swarms ! and dey means to unite ! Veil, it kool down shome, and she laugh, mine vife, Und she say, when dey shwell me all over — " It'sshust pecause when you go todot hive. You furi/utx to take along de paper — De pig leetle book dot the honey-man sells, Mit those hive dis side of his fence — Und dill you do, den you shump and yell Dill you don't know where to commence." Ho, dot's a pee in your ponnet ! Ho, dot's one on your sight ! One pee, mine friend ? Dare's fifty a minute ! Dare's swarms ! and dey means to unite ! Who is tends dose pees ? Mine vife, mine friend — Mine vife and mine vife's dear mother. What you tink by de looks doze pees pretend Doze wimmins vas as swheet as der clover. But dough /paid for dot out-west pook, It's shust de shame way mit de pees, Und I climb de fence mit a shide-long look, Vhile dey sof 'ly laugh and call doze geeze — Ho, dot's a pee in your ponnet, etc. "What Shall "We Do for the Future ? BY ED JOLLEY. What will the bee-keepers do In twenty or thirty years hence, With the slaughter of forests and forage — The nectar supply will come whence ? Our basswood is fast disappearing, The clover gives way to the grain, The woodman spares not in his havoc — Soon little that yields will remain. The sources of yore are thinned down, Soon little or naught will be left, Unless we wake up to our duty Of honey we'll surely be bereft. Then Duty is calling us, friends, 'Tis pointing the way out ahead ; We must fill up the gaps that are growing, Before what we have are all dead. Bees Workiny on the Willow Bloom. Take slips of the basswood and plant them Along on the hillside and dell. In fence-rows, corners and places Wherever you think they'll do well. Sow catnip around on the rough lands, In the crags of the rocks on the hill. By roadside, and brooks in the meadows, And places too rough for to till. Plant asters about in the marshes. Sow Alsike abroad in your flields — It will pay you well for its fodder. Besides the fine honey it yields. Sweet clover put out in the pasture. And along by the wayside and stream ; And the ills that now threaten our future Will pass away much like a dream. 246 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 18, Coj;)tnbuted JKrixcXcs^ On. Ixnj>ortaxit A-jyiarian Sulijeots, Best Size of Frames for Extracted Honey. BY CHAS. DADANT. Since the publication of ray article on the size of bee- hives (page 166), I have received several letters of enquiry asking my opinion of the best size of frames for producing extracted honey, and whether I consider the 12-frame Lang- stroth hive as good as the 10-frame Quinby. For a number of years I made experiments on the size of hives, and for the past 28 years I have been publishing my views, mainly in bee-journals published in the French lan- guage, and I feel not a little pride in saying that my argu- ments, in favor of the large frames and large hives, seem to prevail in Europe ; for the large Quinby hive is now very largely used in France, Switzerland, and the French-speaking countries, under the name of Dadant, Dadant-Blatt, and Im- proved-Dadant hive. Yet, this hive is nothing but a very plain movable-frame hive, the invention of Mr. Langstroth, who was the first man to make a practicable hanging-frame hive, with movable ceiling. Quinby only changed the size of the frame, retaining the main features of the Langstroth hive. To this I added but a few minor improvements, and in- creased the number of the frames, making a slightly larger hive than either Langstroth or Quinby recommended. The European bee-keepers have set aside the names of the two original and main inventors, to call the hive the Dadant. Now another bee-keeper, Mr. Blatt, acted probably upon a hint that I gave in " Langstroth Revised," and which read as follows: "The Langstroth-Simplicity frame is long enough, but hardly deep enough. The Quinby frame is deep enough, but would be better if a little shorter." Mr. Blatt reduced the length of the frames of the Dadant to the exact length of the Langstroth frames, preserving its height. This hive, which agrees exactly with the criticism above-mentioned, is now called the Dadant-Blatt, and I will say that if we had not so many hives of the former style, I would be in favor of adopting it without hesitating. Still, I would decrease the height of the hive so as to be able to make the body out of 12- inch lumber, as it is usually difficult, in this country, to pro- cure lumber more than 12 inches wide in any quantity. Then the Langstroth frame would be enlarged IJf inches in depth. This increase would give 16,860 cells more in a 10-frame hive, allowing the queen a sufficient space to lay about 3,600 eggs per day. In the editorial on page 172, our friend Ernest Root is quoted, who complains of the nuisance to the manufacturer of being compelled to make special covers, supers and bottom- boards, for so many dififerent hives, and of all the nuisances that would be avoided if we all used the same size hives. Those who wish to try this Blatt hive with their 10-frame Lang- stroth, need change neither cover, supers, nor bottom-boards. They need only deepen the hive by adding a cleat IJ^ inches wide, and changing the depth of the frames. But such an ex- periment to be conclusive, should be made on more than one or two hives. Hamilton, 111. [Mr. Dadant will soon continue his series of interesting articles on the production of extracted honey, in these col- umns. He will next describe the methods as practiced in the Dadant apiaries. — The Editor.1 Spreading Brood — When and How to Do It. liY G. M. DOOLITTLE. As the time of the year is upon us when active work must commence in the apiary, I thought that a few words on spreading brood would not be amiss, especially as some seem prone to think that Doolittle recommends an indiscriminate practice in this matter. If in any article that I have ever written 1 have conveyed the impression that an indiscriminate spreading of the brood would be of value, either to the novice or the expert, I wish to take it all back, for I never wished to convey any such idea. In some of my articles I have placed the time of commenc- ing to spread the brood about May first. This was done with the expectation that each one would use judgment, that judg- ment to be based upon their locality, the condition of the bees and the advancement of the season. For instance : One sea- son, when the first of May arrived, there was not a particle of brood in any of my hives to spread. For me to have tried to spread the brood at that time would have shown that I was devoid of common-sense. Again, in 1878, when the first day of May arrived, all of my hives were filled with brood and bees, some colonies having eggs and larva; in the queen-cells preparatory to swarming. To have waited till the first of May before touching the bees, in such an early season as was that of 1878, would have shown that I was not up with the times as I should have been. Once more : All colonies in any apiary cannot be treated alike. Take an ordinary year in this locality, the date being May 1st. In the first hive we open we find a goodly number of bees, say enough to cover seven combs on a frosty morning. We open the hive and find brood in only five combs. The cen- ter comb of the five has brood in it nearly to the bottom and side-bars, as well as at the top. The two on either side of it are two-thirds filled, while the two outer frames have brood in each, to the amount of one-third of a frame full. Now, practical experience covering a period of more than 20 years, has proven to me that a gain of two days in bees can be secured by reversing those combs of brood, or, in other words, placing the middle combs, or those fullest of brood, on the outside, and those from the outside having the least brood in them, in the center. By this plan we have not really spread the brood, but we have placed it in such shape that we have made an ample number of bees desire all the brood which they could care for, and the result is, that in about a week, or the next time we open that hive, we find those five frames all solid with brood — a state of things which always delights any bee- keeper. We now put a comb of honey, having its sealing broken, in the center of these five filled combs of brood, which so stimulates the bees, by its removal, that, should a cold night now occur, the bees will be so active that the required temper- ature is kept right up, and a gain of two or three days more is made. So we keep on with this colony till the hive is filled with bees and brood, and that at the righttimeto take advant- age of the honey harvest when it arrives. Having the bees thus, they will make all the difference between a full crop of honey and half a crop, or in extreme cases or short seasons, no crop at all. Will not this then pay for the fun we have had in thus building up that colony of bees? The next hive I come to gives off a light buzzing sound, scattered down between two or three spaces between the combs, thus showing that there are but few bees in the hive, for I do not know that I ever opened a very weak colony without hear- ing this sound. I know that it is weak in bees from this, but am surprised to find that they have brood in three combs, and the wonder is that the bees have held that brood as well as they have. Now should I treat this colony as I did the first, any one would say I was a fool. This colony has all of the brood crowded together, so there is only just space enough between the combs for a single tier of bees to stand, or what is known as " the contraction plan " is used, and the bees are shut on these combs of brood and tucked up as warm as possi- ble, so that they can hold this brood till it matures. Here they are kept till they have these frames filled with brood, clear down to the bottom corners, and till the bees begin to crowd out beyond the division-board, when it is time to treat this colony the same as we did the first, and they should not be so treated any earlier. Away back, years ago, after a hard winter, my bees came out very weak in the spring, I having only 46 remnants of colonies left. About May 1st, I went to visit a bee-keeper living in a warm, sunny nook, and found him spreading brood, with his colonies all in a prosperous condition. I came home to my own poor apiary, situated in its bleak location, and when I really saw how poor it was I came nearly being dis- couraged. I sat down and meditated about buying bees, but to do so at that time meant running in debt. I finally decided DO, and went to work with a will to do the best I could with those I had, on the plan above given. I gave the bees atten- tion just when it was needed, according to my best judgment, leaving no stone unturned which I thought would add a far- thing to the success I was striving for, and in the fall I had almost .'51,600 as my pay, the 46 colonies producing an aver- age of a little over 106 pounds of comb honey per colony, spring count. This put an ambition into my life never before enjoyed, and which has had much to do with my love for the work in the apiary that has followed me ever since. After 26 years of work in the apiary, I can truly say that there is no pleasure in apicultural life greater than that which comes in making colonies build up in time for the honey harvest, so as to work to the best advantage in it. Borodino, N. Y. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 1^ 247 '< Lfnitiug Colonies of Bees." BY CHAS. F. MIJTH. When I read the above caption on page 71 of the " Old Eeliable," I was struck again by the idea, as has been the case many times, that the least of our bee-keeping friends, and I include our " posted " friends, have a good understanding of " uniting." It should be understood that any colony in normal condi- tion, i. e., having a laying queen, will accept, without any trouble, any colony which has been queenless for at least 2-± hours. Consequently, if you want to unite two colonies stand- ing side by side, deprive oneof its queen, and the next day, or the day following, hang the combs with adhering bees of the •one colony in the second story of the other colony, immediately above the bees below, and remove the empty stand. The united colonies will use the same entrance, and no fighting will be done. If you are preparing your bees for winter, and want to confine all to the brood-chamber, brush them down the next day, or any day thereafter. No harm will be done. It should also be understood that you can never unite a colony having a virgin queen with a colony in normal condi- tion. If you do it anyhow, and no matter what precautions you may take, the last bee of the one party will be killed be- fore the fight ends. There are no infallible rules laid down by the bees, nor the bee-keeping fraternity, but the above rules hold good in nine cases out of ten. Convince yourselves. Cincinnati, Ohio. Bee-Keepiug in California. RY DR. E. GALLUP. I do not know when I enjoyed myself any better than I did at the California State bee-convention, Feb. 5, 1895. It seemed so much like old times. I see they were crying cold weather away down South the first of March. Well, we have had a splendid winter here in California. C. W. Dayton, at Florence, Calif., says bees were gathering pollen and honey rapidly on Jan. 13. They were no doubt gathering from the eucalyptus, as there are many groves in and around Florence. The fragrance from eucalyptus honey is remarkable. I have often wondered why California bee-keepers did not set out the trees around or near their apiaries. They are a remarkably fast-growing tree, and can be had of any nursery-man at one dollar per hundred. After the first year they need but very little water. I am asked by many Eastern correspondents, why bees cannot be kept in the valleys as well as in the mountains. They are kept in many localities in the valleys, and in other localities the inhabitants proclaim them a nuisance. Then the honey is not, as a general rule, of a good quality. In many cases, I think they are like the old lady who lived near me in Wisconsin. The first season that I kept bees there she complained bitterly that my bees were carrying all of her cur- rant blossoms away, and she should not raise a single currant, etc.! Another thing, she was afraid for her life every time she went out-doors, for the pesky things she knew would sting her to death some day ! Bees do remarkably well in the valleys, so far as increase, storing honey, making wax, etc., is concerned, and at certain seasons they store a first-rate article of honey. A Mr. Koukle, three miles west of Santa Ana, rears lots of them for sale, and for their wax. He increased from 15 (and the most of them only nuclei) to 130 colonies last season, and in a dry year when bees in the mountains were starving to death. All are in splendid condition, and the most of them in two-story hives, and extra heavy with honey. He is selling them to good ad- vantage this season to mountain bee-keepers to restock their apiaries. Mr. J. Fox has a mountain apiary and a valley ranch, three miles south of Santa Ana. He always keeps some bees on his valley ranch. He moved a part of his mountain bees down to the valley last season. He lost about one-half of those left in the mountains, and now he is moving bees up from the valley to restock his mountain apiary. You must know that nuclei of two and three combs will winter here just as well as a full colony. I have said, and still believe, that bees are self-sustaining in all seasons, if properly managed. Mr. Mclntyre, at the convention in Los Angeles, if I mistake not, made the statement that he fed but very little the past season, and considered his bees in very good condition. His plan is my plan, or my plan is his plan, I care not which way you take it. That is, never to extract after the bees show a disposition to rob. Let them fill up the supers, and let it re- main on the hive until the next season. It is not lost, for if the season proves to be a good one, you can extract just before the flow commences. If a poor one, leave it there, and let the bees draw on their surplus as they require. The season can almost invariably be foretold by the amount of rain during the winter. That is, if we have a suBicient amount of rain, we can with a certainty expect the bees to store some surplus. We cannot always predict the amount, for that depends a great sight upon the weather, the same as it does in the East or South. On the above plan, the bees cost nothing in a poor season, and in a good season they are almost sure to give us the sweets. Quite a proportion of bee-keepers here extract all they can possibly get, which leaves the bees in bad condition for a dry season. Santa Ana, Calif. ^ The Will of the Queen. BY GEO. BISCHOFF. Can a queen lay eggs at will, some for worker-bees, and some for drones ? 1 say yes. In the first place we must know a bee is an insect, although I noticed in the American Bee Journal of last year, that some big bee-man in Iowa has discovered that the bee in an animal — which is right. So do men belong to the animal class, but it is not necessary that a man must be a mule. The life of the insect is different from any other animal. Take the hen — she will lay eggs without a rooster, but they will not hatch. But take a laying worker-bee — she will lay the cells full of eggs, and they all batch, but nothing but drones — and they are no good. Now take a queen that had no chance to meet a drone — she will lay eggs in time, and they hatch, but all drones, and they are as good as any. Here is another thing : We all know if we have a pure Italian queen, and she is mated with a black drone, her progeny will be hybrids, but the drones are pure. Why is this ? I will try to explain it. The ovaries, or egg-sac, is divided into two parts, as it is very nicely illustrated in "Langstroth on the Honey-Bee," Revised by Dadant, page 56, plate 5. You will notice, where the two channels come together, below it is a round ball, with muscles around it, this is the sperm-sac. Now, whenever she lays an egg for a worker-bee, she will squeeze that ball with her muscles, and fertilize the egg when it comes in position with the ball ; but for a drone, she will let it pass without fertilization. That is the reason why drones are pure, and it is also plain that the queen can at will lay an egg for a drone or a worker bee. Burlington, Iowa. No. 2. — Bits of Experience, and a Few Ques- tions Suggested by Them. BY T. I. DUGDALE. (Continued from page 23a.) We also made experiments with several kinds of mineral wax, to learn if possible if the cost of foundation could not be reduced. All these tests proved unsatisfactory, and it was found that only pure beeswax was a success. I have since used considerable comb foundation in my work, and have tried full sheets, part sheets, and starters only, in the brood-chamber, and have finally reached the con- clusion that if it is increase as well as honey we want, then full sheets are the thing to use ; but if honey alone is the object in view, I firmly believe that starters properly used will give equally as good results, and will have a tendency to pre- vent swarming, as the bees, having been induced to make a start in the sections, do not build comb in the body of the hive so fast, and the queen will use it about as fast as built. Of course, for extracting, I prefer full sheets. Also, it is more labor to look after a colony that has been allowed to build their own combs, on account of too much drone-comb being built, which should be removed and made into wax. At the close of my season's work with Mr. Nellis, I re- turned home, and decided to again engage in bee-keeping, which I did by buying upwards of 40 colonies in box-hives. These I transferred to frame hives. I also procured several Italian queens and Italianized them all. Here I had a fine chance to learn something in regard to the distance bees will go in search of nectar. As there was at that time no Italians within 20 or 30 miles of my yard, I saw that season these bees at work at least 3 miles in a direct course from my place, and do not know but they may have gone even farther, and of that distance I can speak positively. At the close of the following season several colonies belong- ing to a party 4 miles distant showed the Italian markings 248 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 18, very distinctly. Now, if the bees which I saw at work 3 miles away, and the Italian blood in the yard 4 miles away, did not come from my yard, will someone please arise and say where it did come from ? I also had several strains of Italians in my yard, and dur- ing the next 3 years I noticed that the very yellow bees did not winter nearly as well as those darker in color, although they were all prepared alike as nearly as possible, and as It took so much longer for them to get in proper strength to work they did not do as well in storing honey. I also gave the Cyprian bees a trial for two seasons but got rid of them on account of their being too cross, and cap- ping their honey with such a greasy, water-soaked appearance. After 3 seasons I sold the bees, which had increased to over 100 colonies, to another party here, and I then engaged in the mercantile business, which I followed for 10 years, but failing health compelled me to again seek some out-door occupation, so I again purchased 4 colonies of bees, and they increased so rapidly that I in a short time found myself in possession of 100 colonies, and then I sold my store and am still caring for the bees. After having the bees 10 years, the party to whom I sold them had only 2 colonies of pure Italians in his yard, the bal- ance being either blacks (to all appearance) or low-grade hybrids, although the original colonies were nearly all pure Italians. They had been allowed to replace their queens to suit themselves, and if the Italians really are the stronger race, why did they run out, as they were in the majority to start with '? For some years past I have kept only Carniolans, with the exception of a trial with Syrians and the so-called Funics, both 01 which I have discarded as undesirable for producing a choice article of comb honey. After much experimenting in wintering out-doors, I now follow that plan exclusively and have not lost a colony during the past 6 winters. Conld I have done better than this if I had wintered them in a cellar ? I cover the frames with enameled cloth and fill the H stories on the top with dry maple leaves, to the depth of about 8 inches. This comes very near to the sealed-cover idea, and gives better results than any other plan I have tried. I use a hive of my own design, with a IJ^-inch space front and back filled with sawdust, and wide enough to use a divis- ion-board on each side, leaving IJo-ioch air-space between the said boards and outside of hive. I prefer 10 Langstroth frames to the colony, but can use from 1 to 18, as the case requires. These hives are suited to the tiering-up plan, and for extracting they could be used filled from side to side with frames. I also use a slant bottom under my hives, which comes up to within Js of an inch of the frames at the rear end, and is \}4 inches lower at the front, leaving an opening 13-2x12 inches, which I close with an entrance-block, having an opening cut in it % of an inch high and 8 inches long. During the honey harvest and very hot weather, I remove these blocks entirely, thus giving ample ventilation, which helps to keep down the swarming fever. I have given 8 Langstroth frames a thorough trial beside the larger number, with the result that I had to feed every colony on 8 frames, while those on 10 required no such fus- sing and were in better condition when the harvest came on than the others. Now which is the more economical course, to expend money to buy sugar to keep the colonies from starv- ing, thus making an increased amount of labor, or to allow room enough for the bees to store a sufficient quantity of honey to last them ? In regard to the depth of frames, I notice that many seem to advocate one of greater depth than the Langstroth, claim- ing as their principal reason that a deeper hive is warmer, from the fact that heat rises. Right here I want to ask, do we want that heat generated by the bees to rise, or do we want to hold it down where the bees are? Also, when a colony of bees does not fill the hive from corner to corner, where do they cluster ? and when the queen begins to lay in the spring, is it up along the top of the frame, or down near the center ? If in the latter place, then what is the result ? Would it be better if the frame were deeper, thus allowing more room for the heat to rise into ? If so, why cannot a church or hall with high walls be warmed with an equal or less amount of fuel than a room with a lower ceiling? These foregoing are vital questions, and I leave it to the reader to decide. But having tried several frames of different dimensions, I have now settled on the Langstroth frame, and have thus far obtained better results, all things considered, than with any other I have used, although the entire ques- tion of success or failure in bee-keeping I do not consider to be one of either hives or frames. West Galway, N. Y. (To be continued.) Several " Kinks " that May Help You. BY P. D. WALLACE. Sepabating Swarms, when two or three cluster together. — If for three swarms, tier up three hives with an entrance to each on a stand ; raise the bottom hive an inch from the board to give the bees room to go in : shake the bees in front of the hives, stop the entrances to the two upper ones, and let them settle for half an hour ; then take the top hive and put it on a stand, put the second on another, and let the bottom one remain, and your three swarms and queens are separated. I have tried this plan three seasons successfully, but whether a greater number would separate I know not. A Hand-Barrow. — I will offer an improvement to what I call a hand-barrow, spoken of by a correspondent awhile ago. Instead of using 4x4 scantling as he does, I use two boards 8 or 10 inches wide; slope all from one edge until you get handles on them, then nail half-inch boards on top suitable for one or two hives, whichever you choose. Nail two laths across on the bottom to strengthen it. Leave the frame long enough so the rear person can see to walk. I have used one since I have kept bees, and it is light and convenient. A little boy or girl can carry one end with a hive on it anywhere. This style needs no legs. Sprayer for Swarming. — A sprayer to cause bees to settle when swarming, is made thus : Have a tin tube made one foot long, and 1 M inches in diameter. Have a bottom put in punched with fine holes, then you have what the boys call a "squirt-gun." This is handier and better every way than a fountain pump, and costs 10 or 15 cents. It will spray fruit- trees also. Underground Cellars. — I will suggest a plan that I think is better than any I have read in the American Bee Journal. Build the wall with stone, if possible, as it will be the cheapest In the end. Do not cover it with clay, as it will bo too damp ; 2nd, the ants will burrow in the roof, and the sand and clay will sift through ; 3rd, it will not last long ; 4th, it is a big job to cover it properly. Build a tight floor or celling overhead, then a ridge-pole, and cover it with good boards. Leave a door on one side with hinges, like an outside cellar-door, then cover the floor with 18 inches of chaff. Paint the roof, and it will last a long time, and when it rots you can easily replace it. How TO Use T Tins. — Turn the flat side of the T tins up to the sections, then there will be no interstices for the bees to fill with bee-glue, as you can press the sections to- gether, and they will come out easily. Richland Centre, Wis. Makiug Foul-Broody Hives Safe for Use. BY J. B. ADAMS. On page 103, N. T. S. asks what to do with foul-broody hives. As bee-inspector of Boulder county, it has been neces- sary for me to disinfect hundreds of foul hives, and I have ex- perimented with foul brood for a number of years. I will give N. T. S. the best way to manage that I have found. I have a galvanized-iron tank large enough to hold a dove- tailed hive, and used to boil them, but that injured the paint and caused some of the hives to warp and become open at the joints. I now fill the tank with water, build a good fire under it, then cut out all foul parts of combs and put them into the fire, then put the frames, if there is no honey in the rest of the comb, into the water, and weight them below the melted wax, and boil them hard for at least ten minutes. After all the wax is melted, let it cool until the wax will come off in a cake. Take the frames out, and they are perfectly safe to use again. While they are being boiled, cut what pieces of comb that will pay out of the hive, and put them into the tank, then put a piece of paper or cloth (I use a long sack nearly as long as the hive) on the bottom, saturate it with coal oil and set it on fire. By moving it with a stick all the inside of the hive can be thoroughly heated, but it is not necessary to char the wood. When the wood commences to char, put the cover on, and close the entrance of the hive air-tight. This will smother the flame, and force the heat into all joints and cracks. This dis- infects the whole hive at once. Leave it closed until cool. In my experiments I took a number of hives from an api- ary where the lost bees had died two years previous with foul brood. I also scraped some as clean as they could be with a hive-scraper, put bees into them, and the disease developed in all eleven of them with the first brood. This is not according to Mr. McEvoy — the danger is with the germ in the honey. When Dr. Howard (see Dr. Howard on Foul Brood) asked Mr. i 189d. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 249 McEvoy what he would do if honey were spilled in the dis- eased hives, he replied that he would clean it off. Now sup- pose (which is quite liable to be the case) that the honey should run into a crack or joint of the hive, and a bee should afterward put its tongue in and get some of the honey. You had better disinfect, and be sure, rather then run the risk. If any one wants it, I will give my easy way of curing the disease, and only handle the bees once. Longmont, Colo. [Surely, many will be glad to learn Mr. Adams' "easy way of curing " foul brood, and he is hereby requested to send it on for publication in these columns, if he will. — Editor.] "Minnick's Metal Hoffman Frame." BT JAS. A. MINNICK. A great deal has been said during the past two years about self-spacing brood-frames, and many are the devices in- vented to bri-ng about a successful solution of this question, i. e., from a small nail driven in the edge of the end-bar, to various other devices, among the best being the Stephens' device mentioned on page 101 ; but the mostly used of all is the popular Eoot-Hofifman frame — a description of which is not necessary for me to give. There are many objections to this frame, and it does not accomplish the object intended, i. c, exact spacing. We will notice some of these objections : 1. When the frames are new, the space from center to center is 1% inches; the V edge is not made sharp on the edge, for the reason if made so, the thin, sharp edge will stick to the neighboring frame, and be torn off when a little propo- lis is plugged into the three-cored space between the two frames ; so it is made blunt for that reason. Now it is at once apparent that by the close of the season, quite a lot of propo- lis will accumulate between the two frames, thereby increas- ing the distance from center to center, which is easily noticed by the follower being crowded closer to the wall of the hive, ultimately defeating the object intended — exact spacing. 2. Another very serious objection is, that if the weather isn't "rotten hot," the frames come apart with a " snap " and a " jerk," and any bee-keeper knows the result with a colony of hybrids by the time he gets 8 frames pried apart, and, if the apiarist is not religiously inclined, he will pronounce many "blessings" (?) in very strong language, upon the inventor of the Hoffman frame. 3. Another very great objection is, the end of the top- bar has to be made long enough to touch the back of the rab- bet, so the bee-space between the end-bar and hive is pre- served. The Roots have partially overcome this objection by making an all tin rabbet, and by narrowing the end of the top-bar. This broad end of top-bar partly closes the bee-space between the end of frames and end of hive, and also the " ditch" in the aU tin rabbet, prevents the bees from hastily clearing the rabbets when smoke is blown in. 4. Another objection (which is true of all ordinary hang- ing frames) is, that when the frame is lifted out, or put back into the hive, unless the apiarist is slow and careful, he is likely to strike the end-bar against the end of the hive and smash more or less bees, and possibly a valuable queen ; and again, the frame may get out of square, and the lower corner touch one end of hive, destroying the bee-space at that end, which the bees will glue fast to hive, and at the same time increasing the space at the other end of hive, to be filled in with brace-combs. Now, I herewith submit a rough pencil sketch of a frame that I have used along beside the Hoffman, full closed end- bar, common hanging frames, etc., for three years, and have over 300 of them in use, and will this spring transfer all combs in other frames to this one. I claim that this frame etitirely overcomes all the objections set forth against the Hoffman frame, and I will explain its advantages, and num- ber them the same as I have the objections to the Hoffman : 1. It is easily understood by the illustration, that a strip of zinc is set in a saw-kerf in the end-bar to take the place of the V edge in the Hoffman, and projects .V inch, touching its neighbor the same as the Hoffman, and is much sharper than is possible to make soft wood ; and it touches its neighbor at a right angle instead of an acute angle. The bees are not so inclined to put in propolis, as in an acute angle, and they will not glue metal as readily as they will soft wood. If bee-glue is put in, a little side pressure will press the zinc edge through the glue, and it will rest against the wood, thereby always securing exact spacing. 2. Now this new frame parts very easily from its neigh- bor, because the smooth zinc cannot be glued so tightly to the next frame as the V edge of the Hoffman. If tin rabbets are used, nothing more than the fingers are needed to separate them. 3. Now instead of letting the broad wood end of top-bar project past the end bar, I instead drive a 6-penny steel brad in, and let it project just enough so the head iiearfy touches the back of the rabbet, which preserves the bee-space at the end of the hive. Again, this nail is not glued fast in the rab- bet like a wood bearing ; and it does not cover up the rabbet and bee-space, and the bees " get out " at once. A wood rab- bet is preferred to a tin rabbet, as there is no " ditch " to hin- der the bees from " going at once." 4. Last, but not least, is the small window-blind staple that is driven in the lower corners of the frame, and projects a scant ii inch, and always preserves the bee-space at the ends of the hive, and prevents the smashing of bees, and aids in the rapid handling of frames — once used, never dispensed with. i' Some apiarists may object to cost of this frame. While the zinc and the saw-kerf may add to its cost, you will notice Explanations.— 1. Null to rest on rabbet. 3, Nails to hold end-bar to top-bar. 3, 3, Zinc piece set in saw-kerf to rest against next frame. 4, Small window-blind staple to preserve the bee-space between the end-bar and hive, and to prevent the smashing o£ bees. 5, Small nail to fasten zinc. Top-bar is J^xl^j. Bottom-bar, J^xJ^. Upper part of end-bar is /^xlV; lower part, '4x1 inch. Frame made to space 1?^ from center to center. End Section of the Minnick Metal Hoffman Frame. that the end-bar is made from ?4-inch narrower stuff than the Hoffman end-bar, and there is no notching out in the upper end of the end-bar, to receive the end of the top-bar, and vice versa, the notching the top-bar to receive the end-bar. Again, the tin rabbet is dispensed with, thus reducing the cost to less, probably, than that of the Hoffman. Some may claim that the nail bearing will be hard to get hold of, and hard on the fingers ; but this I find entirely a mistake, and is rather better than others in these respects. Others may think the nail will bend down a little, thereby in- creasing the bee-space above the top-bar when the frames are heavy with honey. This is a mistake also, as I had frames last year that weighed nine pounds, and the sagging was not perceptible. Some say the zinc will interfere with the honey-knife. Zinc is soft, and will not hurt the honey-knife if touched by it. I have 100 extracting combs, and find it bothers very little, if any. This frame is not patented, nor do I manufacture it except for my own use, but I will send sample frame to any oue for 10 centsin stamps. North Anderson, Ind. CONDUCTED BY AIRS. JENJSIB ATCNLEY, BEBVILLn, TEX. A Northerner's Trip to the South. BV C. THEILMANN. 1 believe that most bee-keepers are more or less interested in agriculture and horticulture, therefore I will not strictly hold to what I saw and heard about bees on my trip, but will also tell what I have observed otherwise, which will be new and interesting to Northern people at least, who have never been in the South. I started with a return ticket, for 21 days, from Plain- view, Minn. — 9 miles from here — Dec. 18, 1894, via Kansas City, Mo., and arrived at Whitesboro, Tex., on the 20th, at 3 a.m. Here I had to wait for my train seven hours, though I was in Texas, and as soon as daybreak came, I commenced 250 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 18, to make investigations, besides what I had already learned from a school teacher in the place while waiting at the depot. Our conversation turned on the different crops and fruit, and the " red bugs" (chigoe or chigors) of which Mrs. Atchley wrote when at Greenville. They are described as very minute and very numerous. Tick nature, they will eat themselves into the skin, and sometimes lay their eggs there, which cause hard lumps, and are very itching. They are fouud all over Texas and part of Louisiana. After breakfast in a restaurant, I went into some of the stores and found some Texas honey in 5-pound tinpails, which sold for To cents. It was not extracted, but honey and comb in a mass. It was dark, and of rank taste. The honey came from C. P. Clements, Queen City, Tex. I did not hear of any bees in this vicinity. My train started from Whitesboro at 10 a.m., west to Gainesville 16 miles. On the way I saw some small fields of cotton and corn, in the openings, in the shruby, poor-looking timber — called "gross timbers" of Texas — mostly white and black oak. There are also some young, thrifty fruit orchards in this timber, here and there. Here I saw the only thrifty apple trees in Texas, while the ground is of a red, burnt, gravelly, poor looking nature. The timbers are irregular, from one to 20 miles wide, and about 100 miles or more in length, stretched north and south. Gainesville is a thrifty town of about 9,000 inhabitants. I found there one of my old neighbors, 2% miles from town, on a nicely located farm of 200 acres, for which he paid 811,000 last year, and for another 320 acres last fall, ;3 miles away, ST, .500. He had to haul his water when I was there, 2 to 3 miles, and did not know how far he would have to haul it soon, if no rain would come — probably from the Red river, 5 miles away, as nearly all the creeks and rivers had gone dry all over Texas. This man had a fine, improved farm here in Minnesota of 320 acres, with a windmill and a never- failing well of splendid water, a gasoline engine and feed mill — in short, it is as fine a home as any one can wish for. He sold 83,500 worth of small grain to one man in Chicago from last summer's crop, besides considerable at home, and raised a lot of hogs and other stock besides here. The reader will ask, " Why did he go to Texas '?" Yes, why did he go '? Just because he listened to the flattering, exaggerated reports, and innocently believed them. He sees now that he made a big blunder. There is far better soil on the west side of Gainesville than on the east. I could not find any bees here. I then started east to Sherman, another thrifty town about the size of the former: 14 miles from here I found another of my old neighbors, on a 1,400 acre farm, for which he paid .$24,000 three years ago, and he has lived on it since. He has 200 or 300 acres in cultivation. This is good prairie land — black, waxy land, as it is called. He does not want to raise cotton for 4 cents per pound, ginned, or $1.40 per 100 pounds for picked — with seed in, as it comes from the field ; 1,600 pounds of picked, or raw cotton, makes 500 pounds of ginned or cleaned cotton ; 500 pounds is a bale, and Jo bale is an average crop per acre. Cotton takes three times the labor corn does. This man raises wheat, oats, corn and hay, which all do well here, but has to seek his own market. The rest of his land is in pasture. He has less stock now than three years ago — more have died than he could raise. Going over his land we came to a place where there were a lot of bones and skeletons. I asked him if that was his boneyard. " Yes, that's my boneyard," was his laughing reply ; and further said, " I have lost seven head this fall in the cornstalks. I think it was from the smut." His stock was in finer condition than any other I saw in Texas, except eight or nine head southwest of Beeville. Most of the stock in Texas was very poor, some in a starving condi- tion. The next morning he took me toCollinsville, 6 miles west, to my route farther south. This man did not realize his ex- pectations in Texas. He is very industrious and economical, and accumulated, while here in Minnesota, .84,000 or 85,000. He was 10 or 12 years in northwestern Iowa, and accumu- lated 820,000 or 822,000 more, and then moved to Texas. " I am going to sell if I can, but will keep silent otherwise," is what he told me on our way. " I could buy land here for S12.50 per acre now." While going along I saw some bee-hives in a fence-corner. We stopped the team, and I went to the house and inquired about the bees. I asked the sturdy lady (the man was not at home) how their bees were doing ? " Quito smart," was the reply. How much honey do you get per colony? " O, right smart," she said. With her consent I tried to examine them, but everything was nailed together, even the four sticks on which the hives stood were driven into the ground and nailed to the hives. No examination could take place, and lifting was in vain. Arriving at Collinsville, I had two hours before ray train was due. I inquired for bees, and found that one man had 10 or 12 colonies about 80 rods from the depot. I went there, but was told that the bee-keeper was sick in bed, caused by a bullet which he injected into his body with a re- volver, trying to commit suicide. But he gave orders to let me examine his bees. I had to clear away the weeds and rub- bish around them before I could get to them. I opened a num- ber of the hives, and they were in bad condition, with but little honey ; but some of them were working quite freely in the field, bringing in pollen and honey. His neighbor told me that those bees had not stored any surplus honey for four years. The land here is very sandy, and well water bad. One drink of it spoiled my taste and appetite for a number of days. This was the case with well water wherever I drank any all over the State. People that have lived in Texas for some time, claim no bad effects from the well water, though many have cisterns for the house and drinking water, but all of it is very warm — about 60- or more — for drinking. I arrived at West Point at midnight, and had to wait for the train until the next noon. Here I saw a species of thistle in full bloom, on which the bees were busily engaged. The leaves were spread flat on the ground, with a dark green foliage, and the snow-white bell-shaped, single, one-inch-or- more in diameter flower, stood right in the center, with a stem about 2 inches high. It was abundant all over the streets and waste places, and was beautiful. Here the Colorado river bottoms produce the most corn and cotton per acre of any place I saw in Texas; but here and further south no oats can be raised to any advantage. It gets rusty, as a rule. I arrived at Flatonia at 2 p.m., and had to wait for the train until 6. Strolling around the outskirts of the town, I saw some peach trees and many shrubs in full bloom ; and when a lot of playing children saw me coming, with my fur cap, they stood on their toes and exclaimed, "What's that? what's that?" It was near Christmas Day, and when they saw I was not Santa Claus, they commenced laughing and shouting. Going on a little farther I heard the sound of bees, and soon found their home in a little garden before a house. A lady, looking through the open window (it was warm — about 85^), was asked how the bees were doing, "Right smart," was her answer. How much honey do you get in a season ? " Quite smart," was the reply. By this time the owner of the bees came out and walked with me on the sidewalk, and told me that his bees did not store much honey last summer, be- cause they were not cut last year. From here I made a side trip via Houston to Crowley, La. — 166 miles westerly from New Orleans. This is as fine a rice country as can be found anywhere. The country around Crowley for 30 and more miles is just made for rice culture, and all of my friends and acquaintances who live here, are doing and prospering well on rice, and like the place well. Three million bushels were shipped in 1893 from here. Fruit trees make immense growth here. The place is seven years old, and has over 2,000 population. Christmas here, as well as in Texas, is celebrated with fireworks by the youths, be- sides the festivities that we have in the North. The negroes keep it going all night. Starting back on the same route, 345 miles, I did not see Houston and the country around it, as the train went through at night both times, but I am told that there is a good country around Houston, which is quite a city, and has a fine depot. There are a number of artesian wells here, about 400 feet deep, which are said to furnish good water. I did not get a taste of it. I arrived at Beeville on Dec. 26, at 6 p.m. Myself and another bee-keeper (Mr. Koch, from near Austin, Tex.) were taken by Mr. S. D. Hanna to his nice residence, where we were welcomed by his clever wife and family. Mr. Hanna and his son Henry are bee-keepers. Being with bee-keepers we felt at home, and after the inner man was satisfied with a good supper, we had an interesting time with bee-talk until a late hour, when we were furnished with a splendid bed, and had a good rest after the long ride on the cars. Theilmanton, Minn. (Concluded next week.) Back INumbers for 1895 we can furnish to new subscribers until further notice, if they will let us know when subscribing. We will begin the subscription Jan. 1, 1895, if you say so when sending 81.00 for a year's subscription. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 251 CONDUCTED BY UR. C. C. AIILLER, JVXAltEA'GO, ILL. [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct.] Spreading the Brood — Out-Door Wintering. A little let-up in the flood of questions gives me room to get in here an answer to Frank Coverdale's question on page 199 — " Why not say when the queen fills as much comb with eggs as the bees can fully cover, then I would spread the brood '?" Well, Friend Coverdale, if I were very hard up for a reason, I might say that on looking at the answers on page 210 I find only one out-and-out advocate for brood-spreading. You want outside comb of larva? and eggs to be changed for inside sealed brood, because the former may be chilled out- side. In spring the cluster is constantly becoming larger, and wherever it is warm enough at the outer part of the cluster for the queen to lay, is it likely to be too cool for the brood ? Admitting that such might be the case, do you find central combs containing all sealed brood, and outside frames of the other kind? Are they not usually pretty thoroughly mixed ? Edwin Bevins asks on page 200 what I would think of his plan of wintering at Marengo. If I could be assured of my bees having a good flight once a month, such as he says he has, I should call the plan a good one. But with the possi- bility of no flight from early in November till late in March, I am getting somewhat hopeless about out-door wintering here. Still, I don't know what may be. C. C. M. Oilmeal and Other Substitutes for Pollen. I have been grinding some corn and oats for the bees to work on, but this week I got some oilmeal and left a bag out- side for a few hours. You ought to have seen the bees work on it ! Is it a good thing to supply them with pollen so early in the spring ? If they take oilmeal, or more common, linseed msal, in preference to corn and oat meal, is it a good idea to supply them with it? A. R. Answer. — I don't believe you'll do any harm by giving the bees any substitute for pollen on which they will work. I've tried a good many different things, but I'm not sure that I've tried oilmeal. When they can get natural pollen you'll find they'll neglect the substitute. Finding the Black Queen in Italianizing. I find it very hard to find the queen in a full colony of black bees. I want to Italianize my bees, and must find the black queen before introducing the Italian. What is the best way to go at it ? W. E. Answek. — Generally there isn't much trouble about find- ing a queen, but the thing can be managed so as to be a very hard job. If I wanted to get a colony in shape so I couldn't find the queen, I should give them a lot of smoke, and then I should handle them quite roughly and jar the combs. On the other hand, if I wanted to find her, I should handle them very gently, giving only a little smoke, so as to avoid getting them to running. If they get to running like a flock of sheep, you may about as well give it up for a bad job, and try it some time again when all is quiet. Indeed, if you don't find a queen, even when they're quiet, after looking them over the second time, you may save time by letting them alone for half an hour or more. Here's a little trick that may help : Put an empty hive beside you. Take out carefully the first frame on the side next you, look on one side and then the other for the queen, although if there's no brood on this outside frame there is not much chance that the queen will be on it. You'll more likely find her on one of the combs that contain brood. Put the frame in the empty hive at the side nearest you, but don't put it so close to the side that the bees will touch the wood, leav- ing an inch or two between the comb and the side of the hive. When you have looked over the second frame, put it close up to the first one in the empty hive. Put the third frame an inch and a half or more from the second, then the fourth close to the third. Thus you see you have the combs in pairs. When about half the frames are in the empty hive, you can leave the others in the old hive, but put them in pairs, just as you did in the empty hive. Now your combs all being in pairs, you are pretty sure, on whatever pair the queen may be found, that she will be in the middle of the two combs, and not ou the outside. Com- mence again with the first frame, lift it up, and as you do so, look at the side of the second comb still in the hive, and you may happen to see the queen there. If not, examine carefully the comb in your hand on the side that was next to the second comb,then examine the second comb, and proceed thus with all the pairs. Sometimes this is done : Put the combs in two or more different hives, and let them stand for a time — those which have no queen will begin to show signs of uneasiness, while those with the queen will remain quiet. Then you can ex- amine the quiet ones, and perhaps re-divide them. Here's a way you may like still better : Oblige the bees in some way to pass through a queen-trap or queen-excluder. The workers will get through, but the queen will not, and can then be caught. One way to manage this is to shake or brush all the bees off the combs into an empty hive or box. Then put the combs without bees in the hive, and close the hive up so that no bee can get into it without passing through ex- cluder zinc. This may be a queen-trap at the entrance, or a queen-excluding honey-board may be put on top of the hive, a bottomless empty hive placed over this, and the bees shaken in. If a queen-trap is used at the entrance, of course the bees must be shaken down in front. Wants to Prevent Swarming this Year. I have five colonies of bees now (March 27) in good con- dition, hives full of brood-comb, and I do not want them to swarm until next year. Can I prevent it by buying bee-en- trance guards, and leaving them on the hives until danger of swarming is over? C. S. W. Answer. — No, a queen-trap or a guard at the entrance that will let workers pass, but not a queen, will prevent a queen going off, but it will not prevent the bees from swarm- ing, and they'll continue to swarm more or less till the old queen is killed and a young one present, and then if the young one is kept penned in she will be a drone-layer. But with a queen-trap at the entrance you can catch the queen when they swarm, then you may try some of the ways given for the management of such swarming colonies. Questions on Spacing of Frames. 1. What spacing between frames would you recommend ? 2. Would you make any change upon the spacing when preparing for winter, say in the fall, for the storing of winter supplies ? S. What should be the inside width of a single-story brood-chamber in which colonies spend both summer and win- ter—for 10 frames and for 9 ? Canada. Answers. — 1. The majority now have frames spaced 1% inches from center to center. Some space IJ^, and a very few still less than 1^8. If I should go either side of the 1%, it would be toward the larger spacing, but I'm not sure there's any advantage in anything wider than l^s- 2. Taking all things into consideration, I should use the same spacing all the year round. 3. For 9 frames, taking 1?B as the distance for spacing frames, it is easy to figure eight times that as 11 inches, but that's allowing a space only on one side of each frame, and another space must be added, making 119e inches. But in actual practice it is found much better to have additional space in which to hang a dummy for the sake of getting out the first frame more easily. The inside width of the dovetail hive is 12^^ inches, and I should certainly not like anything smaller, although it might do no harm to make it a trifle wider. For 10 frames, add 1% inches for each additional frame, which would make the inside width of a 10-frame hive about 14:]4 inches. Only One Cent a Copy for copies of the American Bee Journal before Jan. 1, 1895. We have them running back for about 10 years. But you must let us select them, as we cannot furnish them in regular order, and probably not any particular copies. Just send us as many one-cent stamps as you may want old copies, and we will mail them to you. 252 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 18, PUBLISHED WEEKLY BV GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, 56 Fifth A.\-eniie. - CHICAGO, II^K. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. [Entered at the Poat-Offlce at ChicaKO as Second-Class Mail-Matter.J "s-ok-k:, a-E30K,OE "W. EDITOR. Assisted by the following Department Editors : Dr. C. C. Miller - - - "Questions and Answers." Mrs. Jennie Atchley - - - "The Sunnt Southland." "Gleaner" .... " Among the Bee-Papers." "Bee-Master" "Canadian Beedom." Dr. F. L. Peiro " Doctor's Hints." Rev. Emerson T. Abbott - - " Notes and Comments." YoLinV. CHICAGO, ILL, APR. 18, 1895. No, 16, Editorial Budget* Mr- Jo.sepli Ross Is wanted. Any one knowing where he is, or if this meets his eye, please notify his mother, Mrs. M. Ross. Decatur, Wise Co., Tex. Mrs. Ross requests this notice given, and wrote that her son, who is a bee-keeper, left Decatur in 1891. She heard he was in Louisiana. XI»e •' (lioldeu "' Feeaer, illustrated and described on page 313, seems to merit considerable favor, so much so that many are writing Mr. Golden for one as a sample. He does not wish to make them for sale, and writes me that if any one will send him 2.5 cents he will mail in return a good, clear photograph of the feeder, from which any boy 10 years of age can make it. Address as foUows: J. A. Golden, Reinersville, Ohio. Moo-Paralysi*.— On page 114 it was requested that the American Bee Journal co-operate with Gleanings in offei-ing to publish the names of those dealing in bees or queens, who would consent to at once destroy all colonies when found to be so affected. In response to that request and agreement, only one dealer has been heard from— Mr. W. H. Pridgen, of North Carolina. He says : " I have never had a colony of bees affected with any disease, and if I ever do have such, I shall not sell bees or queens until it is cured. W. H. Pridgen." Bee-l'iilliiro in C'oIora«lo.— Judging from the follow- ing, written by Mr. Wm. M. Barnum, of Denver, Colo,, the bee- keeping industry in that State is greatly on the increase: The statistics of our great State for the year 189i, place the number of pounds of honey produced for that fiscal year at 2,iO.OUU, valued at ?;25,000— which is a low estimate. The State was amply able to supply itself, and a number of thousands of pounds were sent out. The business is growing with remarkable rapidity ; and the State is surely destined in a short time to become one of the leading honey States of the Union. Wm. M. Baknum. Good for Colorado ! But when honey is used regularly, as it will be some day — in every family everywhere— then there will be a demand that will tax the honey resources of each State to their limit. Better get ready for the " good time a-coming." When it is known that one honey-seller disposed of about 50,000 pounds here in Chicago, the past winter ; and that another has been supplying 200 grocery stores, often duplicating the orders, some idea of the possibilities of honey consumption may be re- alized. Why, Chicago alone could use every drop of pure honey produced in the great State of DUnois every year, if it were prop- erly and generally distributed to the people '. And the city people wguld be the better for it, too. For a few years it might be a good thing to spend more time in learning to sell honey rightly, and less time in trying to produce an enormous amount and then ;ji>'e it away. And yet, just now, as always in the past, it is underconsumption and not ovorproducuon of honey. Pure honey, properly put up and presented to the consumers, will •• go." But there must be an assurance of its purity, else any sales will not easily be made. Ilwiiej- as Foot! aur low wheels to fit any skein. Get cataloeaeof Potato Diieers «tt»6ou;;i3^ * Pickers, also. Liberal Discounte to Agents or first to purchase. McGallum Steel Wheel Wagon Co., Aurora, ZI1.,U. S. A. 14Ai;it. f lease meuiion the Bee Journal. 300 Colonies of A Ko. 1 Italian Bees In 8-fr. Dovetailed Hives, for sale CHEAP. Also a Full Line of Apiarian Goods, all new, at living prices. Send for Catalogue, to— E. T. Flauag'an, Box 783, Belleville, Ills. IIAIO M'.ntUmlhe American Bee J :>uma^ t\t\W%%A — BIC GOLDEN YELI^OW. uUKN Made 80 bus. in 1894. By mail, ••'»■■■■ postpaid, 1 oz., 5c.; 1 lb., 25c. By e.xpress or freight f. o. b.— 1 pk., 40c.; !4 bu., 75c.: 1 bu., $1.25; 0 bus., $2. Sacks free. 14A4 J. K. Siulili, State Line, Ind. The Aspinwall Hive ! ! ^ ^ THE HIVE FOR BEES- -THE HIVE FOR BEE-KEEPERS Send for IIliiKlrated Circular. Aspinwall lannfactiiriiiE Co,, 13A6 JACK*ON, MICH. Mention the A.mer>can Bee Journal. Mm BEES & QUEENS Heady in May. Queens, Jl.Ou. liees by the Pound, $1.00. Two-frame Nuclei, with Queen J2.50. One-frame, $2.00. Also. Barred P. St. Eggs, for setting, $1.00 per 15. Mrs. A. A. SIMPSON, Box 48, Swarts, Fa. 15A13t Please mention the Bee Journal. aiNQHAM BeeSxDOker 16 Years Q Best on Earth k Sent per mail on receipt ll of price. 11 Circulars and Doz. rates 'J sent on application. .^ .1 Doctor, :i'/2 in.. Largest Smoker made. . . $1.75 Conqueror, ,3-inch stove 1-50 Large, 2 'A-inch stove 1.00 Plain Standard, 2-inch stove 70 Little Wonder, ly-inch stove 50 Bingham & Hetherington Honey-Knife. .80 T.F. BlXCHAM,Abronia, Mich. 12A Mention the American Bee JoumaL Qej;)eral Itenjs. Working on the Fruit-Bloom. hees have been busy the past week on fruit-bloom, which remains out much longer here than at the North. The weather has been fine— warm and moist — and the bees have worked the pear, plum and peach bloom for all it is worth, thoroughly ferti- lizing it, thus insuring its setting well. Ti- ti and dewberries are blooming. There are no cherries, currants or gooseberries in this part of Florida. I've not seen an orange or lemon leaf since the freeze. Mrs. L. Harrison. St. Andrew's Bay, Fla., March 30. ■Wintered Very Poorly. My bees have wintered very poorly. They are very weak in bees. I never before lost so many bees. They came out of the hives and died in the cellar. R. Miller. Compton, 111., March 30. One of the Finest 'Winters. Our bees have been carrying pollen the last four weeks. Our fruit (peaches and cherries) are in bloom. We have had one of the finest winters for a good many years, and the bees wintered well. Chas. Sebliger. Walla Walla, Wash., March 80. Starvation and Cold Did It. We had no honey last year, and 75 per cent, of the bees are dead this spring. Starvation and extreme cold weather (28 degrees below zero) did the work for those that were fed plenty. I have only six colo- nies left, and half of them queenless. It is still dry, but winter is about gone, and we hope for better things ere long. Jas. B. Hungate, M. D. Weeping Water, Nebr., March 23. Hard "Winter on Bees. The past one was a hard winter on bees on the summer stands, about one-third of them being weak in bees, but with plenty of honey and plenty of diarrhea. My bees had it badly, but are better now. I have lost 15 per cent, of mine with that disease, but have enough left yet. Bees had not many flights, yet we had nice sunshine, but too windy for the bees to fly. They have gathered pollen two days now. M. J. KlSTLEK. CoUingwood, Ind., April 10. Bees 'Wintered All Bight. My bees have come through the winter all right, and bees in general have wintered well, as far as I can learn. My bees did finely last season, there being a steady flow from spring to fall, with the exception of three or four weeks, the principal flowers being willow, apple bloom, Alsike clover (which 1 think a good deal of), and a weed that grows on burnt ground that has creamy-white flowers, and basswood; with the fall flowers of asters and golden-rod, and lots of other flowers of less importance. C. W. Gerrisii. Rochester, N. H., April 2. Bees Beady for Business, Etc. Bees are doing well, and are in good con- dition for business when the time comes. Much has been said and written about dif- ferent kinds of hives. I have the dovetail hive with the improved Hoffman frame, and the Langstroth hive and S-frame. My choice is the Langstroth pattern 14 inches wide, inside measure, which gives room for nine frames and a division-board. A case for this hive holds 2S 414x414 sections laid crosswise instead of lengthwise. No bee- av^^^^^^^^V^^^^^^^^^^f Wash Dishes With the Faultless Quaker. No breaking, no chippintr; no scalded fingers, noeoiled hands, nodirtyclothes, no muss. Vou turn the crank, the niHchine does the rff-t . SAVES ^ iJisHEB, Time. Hand 9, M ON EX, Patience. Sells St sight. Agents, both men and women wanted . We can give you a profitable business, easy work, good pay. You will be doing woman- kind good and make happy wives and daughters by introducing the Faultless Quaker. Write now for agency terms The Quaker Novelty Co. salem, ohio. 16A4 Mentiiin tfic American BecJuurnal. -SOUTHERN— HomeoUtieHoiiey-Bee Where you can buy Queens, as good as the best— Warranted Purely Mated, and guaran- teed free from Paralysis. From either an Im- ported or a Straght 5-B. or Golden Mother— 75 cents each; 12 tnr«7.50. Tested, $1.00 each; 12for$9.00. After June let, 50 cents each; 12 for $4.00 ; Tested, 75 cents each, 12, $7.50. Good Breeders, $2.00 each; Straight 5-B. or "Faultless" Queens, $2.50 each. Bees, 75c. per lb. Circular Free. Address, HUFSTEDLER BROS. 10A26 CLAKKSVILLE, TEX. Mentimi Uie A.merlcan Bee Journal. :fh r-^ r-^ ■ ] r--i f— 1 r— * r-^ 7 ' ~ ■ " . ■ " . ' ' ■ - , ■ _ _^ ^ , . . . „__ - e :=:r :^ i^ ^ 3 ■ :■ & raT', b^.i i^xi ^ ^^??£^JSS?: -•S^ si &^2^fim .iT^ h A STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE Should be adopted for "fence viewers," judges at fairs, etc. At present, "just asgooa as the Page" is the universal claim. As a suggestion we otTer the following scale 01 Boiuts for farm use: Strength - - - .20 Height . - - - .20 Closeness of mesh - .tO Attractive Appearance .10 Elasticity and Durability .30 100 If the last two are separated, Elasticity should have 25, as Durability is almost wholly dependent on it. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich. Mention the American Bee JoumaL For Sale or Exchange ! Lot of Miscellaneous Supplies, some new and some second-hand. Must be dlspused ot on account of removal. Write for what you want or for list of Goods. Will exchange for team, harness, buggy, or platform wagon, or offers. F. H. KICHAKDSON, 13ASt LACLEDE, Linn Co., MO. Woodcliff dueens. I will send a Guaranteed 5-Banded Yellow Queen, bred from a Breeder selected from 1000 Queens (some producing over 400 lbs. of honey to the colony); or a 3-Banded Italian Leather-Colored Queen direct from a Breeder Imported from Italy. Oct. '94— at 75c., and a special low price for a quantity. My secret is to sell an extra-large amount, which enables me to sell at low prices. Will run this spring 350 Nuclei— have 1 home and 4 out apiaries. Booklne Orders Now— will begin shipping about May Ist. No Queens superior to my Strain. ^1- Send for Descriptive Catalogue and Testimonials, to _ Wm. a. Selser. Wyncote, Pa. 256 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 18. space is needed over the top-bars, work well this way. and the section-case comes off easily, and is free from propolis. The section-case is wound up with a key, using binder twine, and doinp; away with nails and wedges. R. Howell. Gillett, Wis., April 0. Heavy Loss of Bees in Missouri. My health has been very poor for the past two years, so much so that I could not at- tend to my bees. Ninety per cent of all the bees in Ray and Caldwell counties are dead. My own losses are 43 out of 50. All the bees that were in the box-hives — 12x20 and 12x30— are dead— not one left, as far as I have heard. AVe have had a continued drouth for 10 months. The coldest day here was 23 degrees below zero. C. L. BowEX. Louella, Mo., March 2S. Hard Winter for Bees. The winter has been a hard one for bees in this section of the country. My 16 colo- nies wintered on the summer stands in eight chaff hives, with a super full of saw- dust on top. They nearly all had the diar- rhea, although they had cleansing flights Dec. 15, Jan. S, Feb. 19, and March 1. The first pollen came in April 3. On March 81, one of the worst aft'ected swarmed out, and the queen was put back three times; they had honey in the hive. A few days after the colony was dead. Niels N. Alling. Perth Amboy, N. J., April 5. Loss About Two-Thirds. I had 4!5 colonies last fall, and have lost all but 17, They all had plenty of honey. Mortimer Davis. South Avon, N. Y., April 9. Bad Year Proved a Blessing. Last year was a bad year for bees in California. But it proved a blessing to us in one respect, by thinning out some of the bee-keepers, or better called "bee-extermi- nators," who give their bees almost no care whatever. The heavy rains this winter will insure us a good honey crop this time. Claremont, Calif. L. J. Owen. Small Loss in Wintering:. The winter has been very severe, but bees seem to have wintered fairly well— the loss being about 3 per cent. They have been confined to the hives about 100 days, and ■wintered on the summer stands. 1 exam- ined some colonies yesterday, and found to my surprise that they had not consumed more than 5 to S pounds of stores. 1 have one-third of my bees packed in double- walled hives, and the rest in single-walled hives, and I find as usual those in single- walled hives have wintered best. D. M. Ketcham. Newark, N. Y., April 6. Wintering Bees Under a Haystack. In reply to the editorial on page 104, 1 would say that the pieces of 2x4 I used were 8 feet long. 1 have no set time for putting away the bees or taking them out in the spring. It depends upon the weather. 1 generally winter 10 colonies. I have put them in a haystack for 5 years in 13, and never lost a colony when put under hay. What few bees died I believe died from old age. In the spring there is no moldy comb. They seem to have been perfectly dry all ■winter. The place must be frost-proof, and the hay will absorb all the moisture, Humphrey, Nebr. K. N. Leach. Beginning ■with Bees. 1 am no longer a youth — some may, and do say that I am too old to start in the bee- business, but as I have a young family (the second edition, ranging from 11 years to 9 Largest Factory in the West. -COMPLETE STOCK.- Good Supplies and Low Prices— Our Motto. We are here to serve you, and will, if you give us a chance. Catalogue Free. Address, Mention this Journal, LEAHY MANUFACTURING CO., HIGGINSVILLE. MO. A. WORD TO THE WISE I will pay the Freight on Cash Orders of $20 or over at Catalogue rates, if within 300 miles of Chicago. — My Illustrated Catalogue — of Uee-Keepers' Supplies FREK. Thos. G. IVewnian, '*I,l,°,"^VcISfii°i.^™- California If you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers, Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— Tlie Pacific Rural Press The leading- Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated, $2.40 per aaoum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL. PRESS, 220 Market St„ - SA.N FRANCISCO. CAL. FOUNDATION Is way up, and it will pay you to look around. Working Wax into Foundation by the lb. a Specialty. Beeswax wanted at all times. I pay tbe highest price, and sell Foundation at a low margin. Send lor Samples and Prices, to— GCS DITTmER, AUGUSTA, WIS, Reference— Augusta Bank. 16At( APIARIAN SUPPLIES VEBT CHEAP — '• Amateur Bee- Keeper "—how to manage bees, etc, — 25 cts. The "Model Coop." tor hen and her brood Wyandotte, Langshan and Leghorn Eggs for hatching. Cat. free, but state what you want J. W. BOUSE & CO. , Uexico, Uo. GOOD GOODS are always in demand. I CWhl PRIf^F^ are appeclated In these times. PKOIvl Pi OCi* V lO^ is a necessity to business. We Combine All Three. tS^ Write for free Catalogue and Price-List, . G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis. t3g~ Be sure to mention the American Bee Journal when you write. _^ PATENT WIRED COMB FODNDATION Has No Sag iu VSrood-Fraiues Thill Flat-Bottom Foundation Has So Fishbone in the Nnrplns HoDey. BelDK tbe cleanest iB uBuatly worked the quickest of any Foundation made jr. VAX DfiUSEN & SONS, Sole Manufacturere, Sprout Brouk MontRomery Co., N. Y. BEGINNERS. Beginners should have a copy of the Amateur Bee-Keeper, a 70-page book bj- Prot. J. W. House. Price 25 cents; if sent bj- mail, 2Sc. The little book and the Progressive Bee-Keeper (a live, pro- gressive 28-page monthly journal) one year, 65c. Address any flrst-class dealer, or LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo. The World's Best BEE-SMOKER. 3-inch Fire-Barrel. Burns all kimis of fuel. It is Minipic, Eflicieiit and Durable. Price reduced to -$1.00. postpaid, for the next 60 days. Order at once. W. C. R. KEMP, Orleans, Ind. 13A4 Please mention the Bee Journal. 1 SAVE MO^EY '^^l^^^^'^^S. ITALIAN QUEENS Foundation at Wholesale Prices. Hives, suited for the South, or SUPPLIES, send for Pricc-Llst — to J. P. II. BROW.\, ^ucg^sTA, 10Al".t Mention the Amencan Bee Journal. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 257 months), I think there is hope for me in bee-culture. My principal reason for start- ing is that I have a young orchard, and as my neighbors have no bees, I need them for my fruit. I shall start with one full colony, and possibly a nucleus. In my locality the pasture begins with cherry, plum, pear and apple, whitewood, blackberries, clover, sumac, asters and golden-rod. I see no reason why colonies could not be profitably maintained. All kinds of cereals are largely raised, especially buckwheat. B. F. Onderdosk. Mountain View, N. J. Bees Doing Well — Wired Foundation. Bees are doing well here, gathering pol- len and honey and rearing brood. We have a good bee-country along the Cana- dian river, when we have rain. I have 8 colonies of Italians, and want to increase to 30 this year. Why doesn't some one say something about wired foundation in place of wiring brood-frames ? I will try about 15 pounds this year of wired foundation, in Hoffman frames, with Grubb's improve- ment— that is, a wedge-shaped piece cut out of the underside of the top-bar, then put in foundation, and nail in the wedge with small brads. I think that will beat wiring frames. Wm. Pltmell. Choctaw City, Olda. Ter., March 30. i^oiiTeiitioii IWoticeH. Minnesota.— The resrular semi-annual meet^ ingr of the Southern Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Association will be held on the first Monday in May, 189.5, at LaCrescent, Minn. All bee- keepers invited. E. C. Cornwell, Sec. Winona. Minn. Illinois.— The spring meeting of the North- ern Illinois Bee-Keepers' Association will be held at the residence of H. W. Lee, in Pecaton- Ica, May '21, 1895. It will be held one week later If it is a stormy day. New Miltord, HI. B. Kennedy, Sec. CONNECTicnT.— The fourth annual meeting of tlie Connecticut Bee-Keepers' Association will be held at the Capitol, at Hartford, Wednesday, May 8, 1895. commeocmg at 10:30 a.m. All interested are invited. Waterbury, Conn. Mrs. W. E. Kiley, Sec. RUDY'S PILE SUPPOSITORY Is guaranteed to cure Piles and Constipation, or money refunded. 50 cents per box. Send two stamps for circular and free Sample to MAKTIN KUD Y, Registered Pharmacist, Lan- caster, Pa. No Postals Answered. For sale by all flrst-class druggists everywhere. Peter Van Schaack & Sons. Robt. Stevenson & Co., Morrison. Plummer & Co., and Lord, Owen & Co.. Wholesale Agents, Chicago, Ills. Please mention the Bee Journal. Novl5 COMB FOUNDATION fJ'^^J^l^^k and 12c. per lb. for Extra Thin, when Wax is sent to me; and T will guarantee that there is no better made. Price-List and Samples free to all. Augubt Weiss, Hortonville, Wis. 15 A8 Mention the American Bee Joumai ^ For Bee-Hives and Supplies. CATALOGUE FREE ON APPLICATION. W. H. PUTNAM, 16A4t RIVER FALLS, Pierce Co., WIS, jucntion the American Bee Jmimal. GOLDEN BEAUTIES AND 3-BANDECriTALIAN-ALSO Silver-Gray Carniolan Queens .Reared in separate yards. Italians warranted purely mated, all at same price. Untested, 75c. each; 5 or over. 10 per cent. off. Tested Italian, $1.00. Write for Catalog- of Bee- Keeperfs' Supplies. Ui Di DANKoTON) Burlison Co,. TEXAS. 13A Please mention the Bee Jonrnal. Honey & Beeswax Market Quotations. CHICAGO, Ii,L.. Mar. 18.— Demand is good for all grades of honey excepting dark comb. Wequote: Fancy comb, 15c. : No. 1, 14c. Ex- tracted, 5l36i4c. J. A. L. CHICAGO, III., Mar. 7.— During the past two weeks a good movement has been felt in the market. Sales have been in small lots, but quite frequent. Wequote: White comb of the highest grade, 14c.; otf in color, 13® 13!4c.; yellow, 10@llc ; dark. 7@9c. Ex- tracted, 5!4@ 7c.— the higher price for white in 60-lb. cans. Beeswax. 28@30c. R. A. B. & Co. PHILADELPHIA, Pa., Apr. 1. — Choice white clover honey Is getting very scarce at 14c. Dark and poodv filled sections, 8@10c. Demand is falling oft on extracted, prices ranging from 4i,4@Tc. Strictly pure white clover very scarce at lOo. Beeswax arriving more freely and selling at 30@31o. W. A. S. CINCINNATI, O.. Apr. 8.— Demand is slow for all kinds of honey. We quote: Comb, l'2@16c. for best white. Dark comb is unsal- atjle. Extracted. 4@7c. Beeswax is in good demand at 25@30c. for good to choice yellow. C. F. M. & S. KANSAS CITY, Mo., Apr. 8.— The supply of comb and extracted is fairly large, and the demand only fair. We quote: Comb, 1-lb., No. 1 white, 14@15c.; No. 2, 12@13c.; No. 1 amber. 12@13e.; No, 2, 10@llc. Extracted, 5@7c. Beeswax, 22@25c. C. C. C. & Co. NEW YORK, N, Y., Feb. 20. -We are gradu- ally working down our stock of comb honey, and the indications are that we will succeed in disposing of all of the white honey and pos- sibly allot the dark during the spring, at fol- lowing quotations: Fancy white, 1-lbs., 12c.; fair. 10c. ; buckwheat, 8@9c. The market is well supplied with extracted houey. Demand is fair for choice grades, wliile common stock is neglected. We quote; White clover and basswood, 5!4@6c.; buckwheat, 5@5!4c.; Southern, 45@55c. per gallon, according to quality. Beeswax firm and in good demand at30@31c. H. B, &S. BUFFALO. N. Y.. Mar. 16.— The honey mar- ket is getting quite well cleaned up here. We quote: Fancy, 13@14c.; choice, ll@12c.; buckwheat and commoner grades. 7@8c. Ex- tracted is in very light demand here, and we would not advise shipments. B. & Co. SHIP ^^^^^ Dried Fruits, or Your Butter. Eggs, Poultry ,Veal,Keans, Potatoes, Hides, Pelts, Wool, Hay, ■ n-^^i^ Green and Dried Fruits or ANYTHTNGYOUMAY HAVE to us. Quick sales at the highest market price and prompt returns made. Write for prices or anv information you may want. SUMMERS, MORRISON & CO. , SSSi^U^S: 174 South Water St., Cliicago. 111. Eefekencb— Metropolitan National Bank, Chicago, 6A13t Please mention the Bee Jounral. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers, Most of whom Quote in this Journal. Cbicago, Ills. J. A. LamON, 43 South Water St. R. A. BORNETT & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. Y. F. I. Sage & Son, 183 Reade Street. HiLDRETH Bros. & Segelken, 28 & 30 West Broadway. Chas. Israel & Bros., 110 Hudson St. I. J. Stringham, 105 Park Place. Kansas Clt]r, mo. C. C. Clemoms & Co., 423 Walnut St. Buffalo, N. V. Batterson & Co., 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chas. Dadant & Son. Pliiladelpliia, Pa. Wm. A. Selser, 10 Vine St. Cincinnati, Oblo. C. P. Mdth & SON. cor. Freeman* Central avB. Bee-Keeplns for Profit, by Dr. G. L. Tinker.— Revised and enlarsed. It details the au- thor's " new system, or how to get the largest yields of comb or extracted honey." 80 p. ; illustrated. 25c. BEESWAX. We will guarantee to get 28 cts. for all the Beeswax of lit;ht color or yellow, shipped to us for sale during the month of April. 1895. J.A. LAMON, ^^^-^"^iS-^ci'oVi..... 14A4 Please mention the Bee Journal. G THE A. I. ROOT CO'S GOODS IN MISSOURI 32-page Catalogue Free. 4Atf John Nebel&Son, Higli HIII, ITIo. WHEN ANSWERING THIS ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOUFUMU Promptness Is What Counts ! Honey - Jars, Shipping- • Cases, and ev- erything that bee-keepers use. Root's OoodM at Root's ft* riceai^ and the best shipping point in the country. Dealer in Honey and Beeswax. Cata- iT^allAve-WalterS. Ponder INDIANAPOLIS. IND. Mention the American Bee Joumai. STILL IN THE LEAD. HILTOX'S ChafT Hive§, T-Su- pcr$, White Polished Sections, Fouiiclatioii, $ii]okcr§, and ever- ything needed in the Apiary. —Send for 1895 Catalog— GEO. E.HILTON, FREMONT, MIGH. 11A13 Mention the American Bee JaumaU Jln-Door & Out- Door Brooders. 112 FIRST PREMIUIVIS. t sialii Send for 114-page Illustrated Catalogue. Fralrle State Incubator Co. 2.3A21t Homer City. Pa. TAKE NOTICE! Before: placing your orders for SUP- PLIES, write for prices on 1-Piece Bass wood Sections. Bee-Hives. Shipping -Crates Frames, Foundation, Smokers, etc. PAGE & LYON MFG. CO. NEW LONDON, WIS. CATALOGUE nciff PACE And guide to Poultry Eaiseig for 1395. OonUiins over 130 fine illustrations show- inc li photo of the largest hennery in the west. Gives best plans for poultry houses, sure remedies and recipes for all diseases, also valuable information on the kitchen and flower garden sent for only 10 cents. John Baugeher, Jr., P. 0. Box 5 Freeport, 111. 1 4 A3 Mention the American Be JouimaL QNi 'aaiiASMVAa eve Sq. poqsnqnj •saaqoTiaj, otsnjj o% noijonpaa ■p]tid)80d B1U90 Of- Q^HcI '.Suns J9A8.iaqAi am B saJiiiK -ONOS ZXIVAV V— 6 j.sa±WT 3HJ. auvBH noA savh THE SCCIDENT8 OF LIFE Write to T. S. Quincey, Drawer 156, Chicago, Secre- tary of the Star Accident Company, for in formation regarding Accident Insur- ance. Mention this paper. By so doing you can save membership fee. Has paid over ftJOO.OOO.OO for accidental injuries. Be your own Agent. NO MBDICAI^ EXAMINATION REQUIRED* 13 A6 Mention the American Bee JourndU 258 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 18, WOVEN WIRE FENCE Horse high, bull strong, iii^'und L'hicUcil tiijUt. Jljlie It yoiiiM'lt for- J3to20rR"o'd^_,. .. . , 50Ptvle-. A MKiuaiia bny i\m iiuitte I 40t..'60rOd3inl-i.V- fa'aiogtroo. [ KITSELMA^BROS^RidsevMle^nd. 10E5 Please mention the Bee Journal. Hunt's Foundation Led all others la the Governmentexperiments It exceeded the Given by 6V4 ?i , and all the rest bj' 24i4. See Sept. Review, 1894. The Largest, Most Comprehensive Catalog of ev- erything needed in the Apiary, Free. Cash for Beeswax, or win malie it up in any quan- tity. M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Itlich. 4Etf Mention the American Bet Journal LARGEST LINE Made in the World. I I.I. STEEL OR WOOD STEEL LINED. Perpetual & Large Bale, Steam, Horse & Hand Power- Guaranteed the Best. Write for Catalogue. E.kMOlS HF«. CO., Chl-ago, III. Apl Mention the American Bee JourruU. Dovetailed Hives, Sections, Extractors, Smokers, and everything a Bee -Keeper wants. — IIoiie! Kpnco, Wrlnpem, Fnclnes, Saw., MIfpl Sinks, _^„ (row lUrs, Itc.llpri, Tooh, BH Braces, Ukj, Ntork, ElevBtor. Kallruad, I'tiitfurm ami Counter SrAJiE9* Send for free ('ataroitu* and nh« how to sate nonpy. Ul Bo. Jeflersoo Bt.« CHIO AGO SCALE CO., Cblcago, tU* Letter Presses J l*re«s stands, Iawo mowers, Cora Sbellpra, rannln^ mils, er»ln Dai Questiot;)'Box* In the multitude of counsellors there is safety.— Prov. 11-14. With Plenty of Stores in tlie Hive in Spring, Siiould a Colony be Fed i 14K3 Please mention the Bee Journal. Qnery 967.— Suppose a colony has plenty of stores in its hive, is it well to feed in spring? If so, how often and how much?— Ontario. Mrs. J. N. Heater — I do uot feed in such cases. G. M. Doolittle— Under such conditions I never feed. Wm. M. Barnum — No. In such case let them alone. Dr. C. C. Miller— I don't know. Wait till I see what the others say. P. H. Elwood— It doesn't pay us to feed under the above conditions. W. G. Larrabee — I have never prac- ticed feeding for stimulating alone. Rev. M. Mahin — Only at such times as no honey is to be found in the fields. Mrs. L. Harrison— No. Don't feed in the spring. Do spring feeding in the fall. H. D. Cutting — It depends upon many conditions. If they have plenty of stores I do not feed. E. L. Taylor — No, it does not pay for the trouble — only see that the stores are abundant "sure enough." Prof. A. J. Cook— I don't think it pays. The least work usually pays best. See answer to Query 964. Eugene Secor— No. They'll manage the building up part in the spring if they have sufficient stores. J. A. Green— No. But by "plenty of stores " I do not mean jtist enough to last them until they can get more. Jas. A. " Stone — I would not feed a colony that had plenty of stores, for fear of filling enough to crowd the queen. G. W. Demaree — When bees have plenty of stores in the spring, fi.K them up warm at the top of the brood-nest, and let them alone. C. H. Dibbern — If early swarming is desired a little thin syrup fed regularly every evening is a great help. It also puts the bees in good condition for clover or basswood honey. B. Taylor — Experience has led me to think so. If I fed at all I would com- mence when the bees begin to carry in pollen, and feed 3 or 4 ounces every day until near the white honey harvest. J. E. Pond — In my opinion, no. It might be well to shave off a few cappings to start the honey running, and thus stimulate brood-rearing; but usually when there are ample stores, they had better be left alone. Dr. J. P. H. IJrown— If they have pJciity of stores to carry them till they can gather plentifully in the spring, I would not feed. If you want to stimu- late them, uncap the honey in a couple of the outside frames. Emerson T. Abbott— I should not do any feeding, but if too many of the combs were filled with honey, I should take some out of the center and put in empty ones, or sheets of foundation, and then cut the caps off a few of those left in the hive. When the honey was all removed from these, if there was not plenty of honey left in the hive, I would remove some of the empty ones and re- place those first taken out. The idea is to let the queen have all the room she wants, and at the same time let the bees feel there is no danger of their getting short of stores. E. France — No. If they have plenty of stores to carry them through until they can get honey outside they don't need feeding. You could feed them enough to spoil the colony by filling their brood-combs with stores. Chas. Dadant & Son — No need of feed- ing a rich colony — better uncap a few of its honey-cells to induce the queen to breed, as it will be sure to do if the bees are at work even only on repairs, for in handling the honey they offer it to her oftener. Being better fed, she lays more. Jennie Atchley — I never feed my bees when they have an abundance of honey — no use. If you wish to stimulate them, uncap some of their honey and hang in the center of the brood-nest, and you will likely find it to work well. You do not say you wish to stimulate, but I mention it anyway. *♦********•*****••******■*• INCUBATORS: We Warrant J The Reliable* ■ ■ " • " pic. Leider ^ * Iiurable, Correct i , at World'9 Fair. 6ota. ia Btamps for new 112 page Poultry Guhle ami Cata- ' •^ lotnie. POULTRY FOR PROFIT madp plain. BM-Rook Information. W -A- Reliable Incubator and Brooder CcQuincy. HI. -k ick'k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k^'kiKifkit'k'kk-k-kk-k'k'kic 14E2 Mention the American Bee Journal. The American ST« L HIVI 8E14 RAW _ Latest and Best. El Perfectly adapted to Modern Bee Culture. Ilhstratad Oirculat Free. HAYCK BROS., QUINCY. ILL. Please mention the Bee Journal. EVERGREENS! Headquarters in the United States for all varieties aud sizes of Hardy Nurserv erowii evergreens and omai- mentiil trees. Prices the lowest. Six 5^5.(10 and JlOfiO bargains. Over ten miiiion evergreens and a large stock of other trees. Illustratea catalogue free. I want a good Local Agent. D. HILL, Evergreen Specialist, Dundee, III. 8E5t Please mention the Bee Journal. EGGS FOR HATCHING .^iTto^wif-5 0-win- . _ ..__., _ -50c. and *r.o6 per l-J. Stnd for Circular. AUGUST G-OETZE & SON, 14E4 3822 Wood St., WHEELING, \V. VA. MentUm the Aniericun Bee Joivmfd-, -SECTIONS- Having a large slock of 7-to-foot aud 1 13-16 Inch Sections, will sell them— No. 1 White $1.75 M ; Cream $1.25 M Discount on Quantity. These are perfect Sections. Catalogue of Supplies and Bees ''""^ I. J. STRINGHAM, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK, N. Y. Mention the American Bee Journal. OF BEES FOR SALE In lots to suit. Correspondence solicited. 15 A4 C. H. DIBBKltN, Milan, Ills. Meiition the American Bee Jounml. m Colonies 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 259 SCIOTA. These goods are made of the very best material. The base is the finest silver nickel, highest grade, very hard and white, not porous like the cheaper goods, thus enabling us to put on a plating that will stand years of wear. This base is plated with an extra heavy plate of pure silver, highly burnished, making as good a spoon as was ever placed on the market and one that will stand more wear and harder usage than any other brand of silverware, not excepting any. With each set you will find one of our personal g.iarantees, warranting each piece for ten years. 73 3-i "S Sciota. No. 703. •■ 705. ■■ 707. ■■ 709. " 711. •■ 713. •' 715. •' 717. Sciota Tea Spoons. Coffee Spoons persetoft Table Spoons per set of 3 . Medium Forks per set of 6 . Dessert Forks per set of 6. Dessert Spoons per set of 6 . Butter Knife. Twist Handle each. Sugar-Shell (with Gold Bowl) each. Dobie's Plow Boy. .per set of 6 $1 —NOTICE— We ru;ike NO CHARGE POSTAGE or PACKING. Write address plainly M SIZE. No. 749. — Made for hard usage, each blade made oi the finest steel, sharp as a razor, with steel rivets, rosewood handle, highly polished. Price, 2 Blades 35 Dobie's Ctood Luck. Special Offer Dome's Alunilnnm Cofi^e Economizer FITS ANY COFFEE POT % SIZE. No. 751.— For a farmer or mechanic we recommend this jack knife to be just what he will want and will give satisfaction. Every blade forged from bar steel and tempered in oil, will hold a keen edge. Steel lined with steel rivets, rose- wood handle with name plate. Price, 2 Blades 60 Dobie's Hook-Nosed Pruner. Free Trial Nt> Ki?P nei-Lled tu setrli.. Ki pt"^^ ^nvpQ clean inside- Never lusts or riCC. saves blackens. We guarantee our We W'll inclose free _,. -^I „ Economizer to make betrer. Of charge with the '"^ Coffee stronger and ricber cotfee. first 50 orders for „ Price with i-3 less. We allow Dobie's Economizer Post ^Qq t?^I\^ZTil'Srnlt^-Zll —a. handsome Silv r "^a'" factory can be returned and Suerar Spoon. we wltl refund the money. " ' ARTHUR L, DOBIE A CO. "21 1 Wiibjib Ave . Chicago. III. Dobie's Good Luck Bazor. No, 753.— Great care has been taken in getting out this Pruning knife and we take great pride in saying that no one has ever liiade one equal to it. The blade is hand forged from the best razor steel and shaped with great care, file tested and warranted. The handle is highly polished rosewood. Price , 75 CUT 'A SIZE. No. 763. — This razor has no equal. It is made of the finest Silver Steel. Hand Forged. File Tested, Hollow Ground, highly polished, honed and stropped ready for use. Every one warranted to give satisfaction. Packed in strong case. Price 81.25 Dobie's Good Luck Regulation Barber's Belt Strop. No. 755. Dobie's Texas Hunter STEEL LINED. HAND-FORGED. BLADES MADE TO CUT. STAG HORN HANDLE. Price $1.25 rUT y, SIZE. THIS IS THE STROP FOR BARBER'S USE READY FOR USE. 24 INCHES LONG. No. 765, This is the regulation strop used by all barbers. Two strops in one, and will sharpen a razor in seven strokes. This leather is the best that is made, and the linen or lower strop is made of the best Irish linen especially prepared. Razor never needs to be honed where this strop is used. This strop never needs to be oiled, and is warranted not to get hard or crack: can be rolled up and carried when traveling. "The Secret of Stropping a Razor with a Barber Strop" inclosed with each strop. Price 75c. DobiCs Good Luck Set, Razor and Strop. No. 767. The above Razor and Strop packed in a strongbox. Razor with a Barber Strop," in each set. Price. S2.00. "The Secret of Stropping a ^^ We have used Arthur L. Uobie & Co 's goods in our Premium aepartment, and can recommend them to j ou. George W. York & Co. Arthur L. Dobie & Co., 211 Wabash Ave. CHICAGO, ILL. 260 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 18, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! It is always eronuiny to buy the beet, espe- (•ially whcu the best cost do more than soinethiiiK not half so good. OUR FAL- CON SECTIONS are acknowledpeii to be superior to any on the market. Tlie same is also true of our HIVES and BEE- KEEPERS' SUPPLIES, of which we make all modern styles. OUR PRICES will be found as low as those of any of our competitors, and in many cases low- er, and you are always sure of gettinpr flrst-class poods. We alfo publish THE AMERICAN KEE-KEEPER, a monthly mapazinc {Fifth year) at oOc. a year, in- valuable to bejrinners. Larfre illustrated catalogue and prit-e-list free. Address, THEW.T.FALCOiMMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. ^~ W. Wl. Gerrlsli. of East Nottiiia- bani, N. H., is our Eastern agent. New England customers may save freight by pur- chasing of him. Golden Q,ueens From Texas. ^'^^r^^^.T.l^ as well as for Keauty and Gentleness. g^^ Safe arrival and reasonable satisfac- tion guaranteed. Write for Price-List. Untestecl, ^l.OO— Tested, ^1.50. Box ~ r 10A26 Mention the American Bee Journal. J. D. GIVENS, Box^ TEX. I AEISE rpo SAY to the readers X of the BEE JOURNAL that DOOLITXI^E has concluded to cell -BEBS and QUEEN8- In tbeir season, during 1896, at the following prices : One Colony of Italians on 9 Gallup frames, in li^ht shipping-box $7(X) Five Colonies 30 00 Ten Colonies 50 00 1 untested queen. 1 00 6 " queens 5 50 12 " " 10 00 1 tested Queen. .. *i so 3 ** Queens . 4 oo 1 select tested queen 2 (Xi 8 *' " Queens 5 oc Select tesiei) queen, previous season's rearing . 4 00 Extra Selected for breedinK* the very best.. 6 00 About a Pound of BEES in a Two-frame Nucleus, with any Queen, $2.(X» extra. ^" Circular free, Klvlng full particulars rcKart?- Ing the Bees and each class of Queens- Address 6. M. DOOLITTLE, 12A36t BOKODINO. Onon. Co., N. Y. Mentixm the American Bee Journal MUTH'S HONEY EXTBACTOB PERFECTION Cold-Blast Smokers, Square Olass Honer Jars, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son. Cor. Freeman iSc Central Aves., Cincinnati, O. Send lOo for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers. Mention the American Bee Jounwl. SEW PRnCESS- NEW n.iCHIilERY NEW PRItDUCT— Patents Pending On in the manutacture of COMB FOUNDATION. Kesult— Lowest Prices and Best Work. Wax Wanted. Frice-Iiist and Samples Free. W.J. Fiiich,Jr.,Spriugfield, 111 Mention the American Bee JownvaU Abbott's Space. t^* All thing? considered, your "St. .Toe" hive is the best hive that has come to my notice. — Shenandoah, Iowa. That " St. Joe " Hive ! Write for a Circular and Say How Many Hives You Will Need. Address, EiTierson T. Abbott, ST. JOSEPH, MO. Mention the American Bee,Joii,niaL TE^I^ID QUEEN' Are usually sohi lnr.i;2.00. 1 will explain wlij- 1 wish to sell a lew at less tban that. As most of my readers know, I re-queen my apiary each spring^wlth young- queens from the South. This is done to do away with swarmiuK. If done early enough it is usually successful. It will be seen that the queens displaced by these young queens are never more than a year old : in fact, they are Fine. Tested Italian Queens, right in their prime; yet. in order that they may move off quickly, and thus make room for the untested queens, they will be sold for only ONE DOLLAR. Or I will send the Keview for 1895 and one of these Queens for only $1.75. For $2.00 I will send the Review, the Queen and the book *' Advanced Bee-Culture." If any prefer the young, laying queens from the South, they can have them instead of the tested queens, at the same price. A discount on large orders for untested queens. Say how many are wanted, and a price will be made. Orders can be filled as soon as it is warm enough to handle bees and ship queens with safety. Samples of Review free. Please mention this Journal. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. Seventeen Years Ago «*« »*» Dadant's Foundation Was first offered for sale. The following parties keep it in stock and have kept it for years for sale. Why ? Because they vi'ant to handle only the best soods, and they say they get the best goods v(^hen they buy Dadant's Foundation. Thomas G. Newman. CbicaRO, Ills. C. F. Mulli & Son. Cincinnati, Ohio Chas. H. Green, Waukesha, Wis. Chas. Herlel, Freeburg, Ilia. B. Kretchmer. Red Oak. Iowa. Jos. Nysewander. Des Moines, Iowa. G. B. Lewis Co.. Watertown, "Wis. James Reynolds Elevator Co.. Pouphkeepsie. N Y. Page & Ijyon. New London, Wis. La. Bee-Keepers' Supply Co.. Donaldson-ville, La. E. F. Quitjley. Unionville, Mo. I G. K. Hubbard. Fort Wavne. Ind. L. Hanssen. Davenport, Iowa. C. Theilmann, Thellmanton, Minn. B. C. Eaglesfield. Berlin. Wis. Walter 8. Pouder. Indianapolis, Ind E. T. Abbott, St. Ji.aeph, Mo. J. M, Jenkins. Wetumpka, Alabama Jobn Key, East Sayinaw, Mich. J. W. Bittenbender. KnoxviUe. Iowa. Vickerv Bros., Evansville, Ind. Mrs. Jennie Atchlev, Beeville, Texas. Is not such a steady trade a proof of real merit in the ^oods we sell ? We also make a specialty of Veils and Veil Stuffy of best quality. Beeswax Wanted at All Times. Bee-keepers' Supplies, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails, etc. Samples of Foun- dation and Xulle FREE with circular. Instructions to beginners with circular. Send us your address. CHAS. DADANT & SON, Mevtion the American Bee Journal. HAMILTON, Hancock Co., HiL. THE 1895 CRANE SMOKER IS A DAISY. Price, 3Kinch Barrel, SI. 85, postpaid; or $1.50 by freight or express. A. 1. ROOT CO., Medina. Ohio, or J. E. CRANE, Middlelmry, Vt. This e.'scellent Smoker was Introduced some two years ago, since which time It has worked itself rapidly into popular favor. Its distinctive feature is the Crane Valve, by which the full force of the Bellows Is secured without waste, and by which also smoke is prevented from going Into the Bellows. The Legs are of Skeleton Malleable Iron, contracted at the feet so as to be out of the way of the flnaers in handling, and are secured to the Bellows by bolts instead of screws. The Shield is of light corrugated tin, and bags next to the Bellows, thus giving ample protection from heat. The Cone Top easily tilts back for replenishing the Smo- ker, and is secured by a malleable-iron Hinge, the working parts of which are milled so as tO' insure accurate adjustment to the Stove or Cup. As to Fuel, it will burn anything. Including soft coal, stovewood, planer-shavings; and it makes no difference how much the latter may be crammed down in the Cup, there will be the same strong blast as before. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK ^ 1861 -0S.'B^ICA^ AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. C ^HE Ot^ r'N AMERICA 35tli Year. CHICAGO, ILL., APRIL 25, 1895. No. 17. Coi;)tributed /Kriicles^ On Important JLjyiarian Subjects. No. 3. -Bits of Experience, and a Few Ques- tions Suggested by Them. BY T. I. DUGDALE. (Continued from page 248.) It has often been stated that in order to winter success- fully, a colony of bees must have nearly all their winter sup- ply of honey capped over. While this in the main maybe true, I wish to mention a case which came under my observa- tion. In the fall of 1893, while lookins over my bees to as- certain their condition as to stores, etc., I came across one colony which had an ample honey supply to last during the winter, but none of it capped over, with the exception of a small part in two combs which would not exceed the size of an ordinary man's hand. I naturally concluded that they were " a soner "' on those stores, as it was then about Oct. 1. 1 concluded, however, to let them alone and watch results. They had their last flight about Dec. H that season, and did not have another chance to get out until during the follow- ing March. I supposed, of course, that they would be dead, but to my surprise they came through all right, and in as good condition as one could wish. I then opened the hive and ■ found all the honey still uncapped that remained, but they seemed to have used an unusual amount during their confine- ment. Now, why did those bees leave that honey uncapped ? and why did they winter as well as those having capped stores'? I have seen several unusual things in introducing queens, but will only mention one case I have in mind at this time. It occurred during the honey-tlow while I had the sections on all the colonies, and most of them were working nicely on buck- wheat, which was almost at its best, when I noticed one colony that did not seem to have their accustomed energy, so I con- cluded to ascertain the cause, if possible. On opening the hive, I found only a small portion of brood, and that all cap- ped, and one cell from which a queen had evidently hatched, while there were traces of several others which had been torn down. The colony was very strong, and gave oflf that lone- some sort of a hum which often denoted queenlessness, and as I examined them closely I failed to find a queen ; as they seemed to act as if they had none, I concluded that she must have been lost when she left the hive to mate. So I took one which I had on hand, and, after clipping one wing, put her in a candy cage and gave her to the colony. While passing the hive two days later, I found a dead queen on the alighting- board at the front of the hive. I examined her closely, and made up my mind that it was a virgin queen, and as her wings were whole, I did not open the hive for several days. I then found the queen I gave them, laying nicely, and the bees re- sumed work as before. Did these bees have that young queen in the hive all the time the other was in the cage? If so, why did they accept the laying queen when they had a virgin queen with them ? And did the workers kill her? or did the laying queen do it when she got out of the cage ? Has any one else succeeded in introducing a queen safely under like circumstances ? Having several times seen it stated as being advisable to destroy combs when they become very old and black, I will now proceed to give a case which came to my notice during Alfalfa or Lucem—the Qreat Honey-Plant of the West. Sketch made in California from a natural flower. 262 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 25, the season of 1893. I had some combs which had been trans- ferred from box-hives, and were in use some 12 or 15 years after, and were very black, but otherwise in good condition. 1 had two of these combs in a colony which had swarmed, and I allowed them to rear a queen from a cell which I gave them. At the time I thought the queen should be laying, I went to the hive and was about to open it when I noticed that the bottom-board at the entrance to the hive was covered with a lot of brownish dirt. My first thought was that the moth- worms had gotten a strong start inside, but upon getting the hive open, what was my surprise to find the colony in good condition, and on examining the two old, black combs, I found the cells completely torn down to the base, and side-walls started up to about the usual heighth of comb foundation. Each comb was torn down in this way in a circle where all the brood had hatched, and on finding the queen which had not yet begun business, I closed the hive and resolved to keep an eye on the colony to see what they intended to do with the old combs. Next day I again opened the hive, and found the side-walls raised to the length to Ji of an inch or over, and the queen had then started laying in each of them. I kept watch of them daily for some time, and found that they tore down the whole of the cells on those two combs, but did not disturb any of the others, and had I not thus caught them in the act, I should not have known that anything of the kind had taken place, as the combs were still a very dark brown color. I have seen a similar case in another colony, and, strange to say, under exactly the same circumstances, viz.: having cast a swarm and no laying queen present, and as fast as the brood hatched the comb was torn down to the base of the cells and rebuilt. In view of these facts, who is prepared to say that a set of combs may not be good for all time, if prop- erly cared for ? I will now give a brief outline of management in the spring which I have used of late with success. I may stand almost alone when I say that I, for one, want a flight-hole in the front of my hives above the bottom en- trance, and as soon as the weather will permit I examine each colony, noting the amount of stores remaining ; also see that they have a queen. Next comes the strength of the col- ony— if only bees enough to cover three or four frames, these are set in so that the flight-hole can be used as an entrance, and after giving at least one frame containing honey, the division-boards are set alongside with a passage-way under the bottom of them, and the remaining combs set on the out- side. The bottom entrance is then entirely closed, thus ex- cluding other bees from entering and robbing, while the col- ony in the hive can readily have access to their honey, and will proceed to uncap and carry it in, and thus stimulate the queen to lay ; and it is really surprising to see how rapidly a colony will build up when prepared in this way. As the season advances, and more room is needed, all that is required is to pull back the division-board and set over as many frames as are needed, and continue in this way until the colony is again able to fill the hive. I have always found it the safest plan to place the frames added to the colony at the outside of the cluster, and trust to the queen to spread the brood as she sees fit. Does she not know better about that than we ? West Galway, N. Y. The Large and Small Hive Discussion. BY H. D. EDWARDS. The discussion now going on in regard to the most profit- able hive to use — a large or small one — while it is interesting, is calculated to befog the mind of the beginner. When such men as the Dadants, and others, take the ground that an S- frame Langstroth hive is too small, and such men as Doolittle, Boardman, and others, say that it is large enough — all being men of large and varied experience and close observation — it Is not to be wondered at that such practical apiarists as Dr. Miller take to the fence, and those of lesser experience, and beginners, "take to the woods." Kut, really, I think location, the length of the honey harvest, and the production of comb and extracted honey, should in a great measure determine the size of the hive. Now, I am of the opinion that a hive the size of an 8- frame Langstroth, is large enough for the production of comb honey in most localities. We all know that a queen in the spring of the year will not lay eggs any faster than she has bees to take care of the brood. I believe it is stated by some one, that an 8-frame Langstroth hive will contain cells enough to allow the queen to lay 2,400 eggs daily. How many colo- nies have bees enough to take care of the brood from 2,400 eggs daily, even up to the time of the honey harvest ? for we all know that bees reared at the close of the harvest, except to go through the winter with, are of no profit, but are, in fact, an expense. Take, for instance, a locality where white clover is the principal source for surplus ; where there is no basswood or other flowers to lengthen out the honey harvest — the white clover does not last usually longer than 80 or 40 days, oftener 30 than 40 ; then what surplus we get we must get during these 30 or 40 days, and we must devise some plan to get the bees in the sections at the beginning of the harvest, if we wish to secure the most comb honey. Then if we have a large brood-chamber, where there are plenty of empty cells, the bees will commence to store honey in these empty cells, and will refuse to go into the sections, and will fill all the empty cells with honey also, and the cells the young bees are hatch- ing out of, thereby crowding out the queen. What we want, then, is a hive no larger than the queen can completely fill with brood by the time of the harvest, in order to crowd the bees into the sections. Then, accordingly, we want a hive rather below than above the capacity of the queen ; and, in my experience, I have found but few queens that will occupy more than 8 frames up to the beginning of the harvest. I think I see one advantage the large hive has, sometimes, over the smaller hive, and that is, there are frequently more bees in the large hive in the spring, consequently the" queen will lay faster, because she has more bees to take care of the brood, and hence there will be more bees to gather the surplus when it comes. But, then, that depends a good deal upon the apiarist — how he manages his bees in the fall. That is the only advantage I see that the large hive has over the small one. When I say "small one," I mean a hive of the capacity of an 8-frame Langstroth. Hence the queen has more bees to take care of the brood, and she will lay faster, and the colony will be stronger at the beginning of the harvest. But, all things considered, I believe an 8frame Langstroth is large enough to obtain the best results in the production of comb honey in most localities. Delhi, III. Spring Management of Bees. BY J. A. C. DOBSON. In my discussion of this subject I have endeavored to con- fine myself as closely as possible to practical points, and to present what I know and do myself, and not what others know and do. Bees must be properly managed in the spring, or the crop of honey will be disappointing in any season. If the bees have been provided in the fall with plenty of stores to last them through the winter and until late in the spring, nothing need be done to them except to see that the entrance is kept open and the packing on top of the frames is kept dry by removing the covering and exposing it to the sun and air on warm sunny days, whenever they occur in win- ter, until spring has fully come. But if any doubts exist about any colony having an entire sufficiency of stores to last it through, such colony should be examined on the first warm day in February, and if a deficiency is found to exist it should be fed, either with honey, syrup or candy. This examination Is the more important because it is a well known fact that colo- nies of the same size consume very different quantities of honey through the winter, and we are very liable to be mis- taken in our estimate of the quantity of honey the bees may have on March 1. If we do not have frames of honey to give, then I think it is altogether the safest at this season to feed them candy, but if several warm days come together I would prefer to feed syrup, for they would then have time to store it in the frames where they cluster, and could the more easily reach it if sev- eral cold days should come afterwards. But whatever is fed should be in quantity sufficient to last them until spring has fully come, because the rigors of last March (1894) are liable to come any year. E'er fear of chilling the brood, the hive should never be opened unless the weather is warm enough for the bees to fly freely. It is, however, not necessary to expose the brood- nest to ascertain the quantity of honey a colony may have ; simply turn up the quilt at the sides and feel the weight of a few of the frames. Spring Dwindling.— I have heard and read much about spring dwindling, its cause and prevention, but I have never suffered from it like most bee-keepers have, and I am vain enough to attribute this fact to my management. I winter my bees on the summer stands, and know nothing practically about any other method, but from what I do know I am not 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 268 surprised that bees wintered in the cellar suffer greatly from spring dwindling, because we always have more or less cold and inclement weather after the bees must be taken from the cellar. Early in the fall I securely protect my bees on top of the brood-frames and all sides of the hive except the front, and 1 do not remove the outside protection until it is reasonably certain the cold weather is past, and the colonies are strong in numbers, and not all of the top protection until I put on the sections. In this way the bees are not so much affected by sudden changes of the weather, and a warm hive is the best stimulant the queen can have. By keeping my bees well supplied with food and water convenient, they do not leave the hive so much in quest of food on cold, wot or windy days, and become chilled and lost. The result of this course, with me, is that my colonies gen- erally grow continually stronger from the time they first begin to fly out. If the bees have suffered from diarrhea, the bottom-boards should be removed and thoroughly cleansed, dried and re- turned. If the combs in the side frames have become damp and moldy, they should be taken out and dried in the sun, or in a warm room, and returned. But if the top packing has been kept dry, and the hive tilted forward, there will never be any moldy comb. Stimulative Feeding. — The general prosperity of a col- only of bees in spring depends upon proper care, favorable weather, and plenty to eat — the latter condition being abso- lutely indispensable. The greater number of bee-keepers claim that to get the best results it is necessary to resort to daily feeding, whether the bees have plenty of stores or not, but I think the work of the queen depends upon the care and attention the workers give her, and it is certainly conclusive that the bees have natural sagacity enough to feed their mother well when they have plenty in store, whether fresh supplies are coming in or not. I have experimented some on this line, with the result that it is unnecessary to feed bees that already have plenty to eat in store. When it is necessary to resort to stimulative feeding, we are advised by many of the experts not to begin too early, be- cause we are liable to have our hives full of bees which we would have to feed too long before the honey-flow begins. My answer to this is, that I much prefer to have my colonies strong a month too soon than a month too late. My experi- ence and observation upon this subject have lead me to the following conclusion, that a warm, dry, clean hive with an average queen, and full rations all through the spring season, means a strong colony by the time the honey-flow begins. Consolidation of Colonies. — If a man has several colo- nies of bees in the spring and desires to secure honey rather than to increase the number, it will generally be found that some of them are too weak to produce much surplus, and should be consolidated ; and it is a question whether the con- solidation should take place early or late in the spring. My experience is that the conditions should be made just at the time the honey-flow begins, for then you will have bad the advantage of the work of two queens for 30 or 40 days in- stead of one, and you will be able to determine which queen should be preserved ; and if both queens are found to be doing well, you can save them both by placing one of them in a nucleus ; and another advantage is, that you can consolidate at this time without fear of loss from fighting. Putting on the Sections. — I try to take the start of the bees by putting on the sections early, at least a week or ten days before the white clover flow begins, and then both bees and queen will find that they have plenty of room, will not take the swarming fever, and will go into the sections earlier. Robbing Among the Bees. — Although my hives set in rows less than two feet apart from center to center the whole year around, I have had but little trouble with robbers, and in every case where robbing has occurred it has been the result of my own imprudence. Outside feeding is dangerous and unprofitable, and it took only a little experience to teach me this fact. Syrup should always be fed warm, and if given even to but one colony when the bees are flying and idle, it will excite the whole apiary, and start them to robbing. Feed only late in the evening, or upon days when the bees are not flying. As soon in the spring as the bees begin to fly. the en- trance of the stronger colonies should be contracted to an inch or two, and the weaker ones so that only a bee or two can enter at a time; and should robbing begin, the best way that I know of to stop it is to throw an armful of straw in front of the hive that is being robbed, and sprinkle it well with water. CoNCLUiSioNs. — In his address to this association one year ago, our worthy President, Mr. R. S. Russell, referred to the wide-spread bee-mortality of the winter of 1892-93, and came to the conclusion that " no amount of conjuring and packing could ever solve the winter problem;" and another brother called it " bee-cholera." My neighborhood was no exception to this serious mortality, except in about four cases; two of them kept their bees in good, warm bee-houses; the third had chaff hives, and none of them suffered any serious loss; and I wintered 18 colonies on the summer stands pro- tected as herein described, and all of them came through in fine condition. A neighbor of mine, but two miles away, had l-t colonies left to shift for themselves, and lost all with cholera (?). I had an opportunity to examine these hives after the bees were dead, and I found a nasty mess of wet and moldy dead bees on the bottom, and the whole interior of the hive in a damp, moldy condition, and honey enough in most of them to have lasted them through. My conclusion was irresistible, that the bees died from the ignorance, negligence and cruelty of their keeper, and that it is this trinity, and not cholera, that causes such wide-spread bee-mortality in un- favorable seasons. I do not deny that in some seasons the honey collected in the fall is unhealthy, but such seasons are extremely unusual in this country. This experience and much more causes me to differ widely from both the sentiment and inference contained in the above reference, and while I do not believe in "conjuring," I do firmly believe that " packing" and rational management has already in a great measure " solved the winter problem," and will eventually furnish a complete solution ; but it may be that when I get older I will know more. — Read >it the Indiana State Convention. Brownsburg, Ind. Bee-Keeping in Peidmont, Va. — S-Bauded Bees. BY W. O. KOUDABUSH. Many people are laboring under the false impression that the Peidmont section of Virginia is minus the natural advan- tages to make it a profitable place for the bee-keeper. Now I would have all the readers of the American Bee Journal to dispel at once any ideas that may exist in their minds that such is the case, and follow me for a moment and see if I can- not give them a view of this section of the "Old Dominion " that will convince them that we have here nearly all the natural advantiges the bee-keeper could wish. The first, then, to be considered is pasturage. We have, with the single exception of basswood, all any one could wish for. The order in which they bloom are, fruit-bloom, maple, locust, poplar, clover, persimmon, sumac, gum, etc. I wish to say something right here about our poplar (whitewood) honey. This honey is of a rich golden color, and in flavor, according to my taste, is inferior to none. The pop- lars with us furnish fully as much nectar as the white clover, so you see it stands with clover at the head of our honey- sources. We have only a short gap in the honey-flow here, and that can easily be filled with buckwheat and Alsike clover. When the flow from fall flowers reaches us, it is then that the bees " makes things hum." It generally catches all the colonies crammed full of bees, and they always gather enough for winter stores, and pile up a handsome surplus. The flowers that furnish us fall pasturage are the golden-rods, asters, irouweed, etc. There are hundreds of others of which I don't know the names. We have no trouble here with wintering. Plenty of stores is the key to successful wintering. No cellars or special re- positories are needed — the summer stands is the only method employed, and is attended usually with success, if the bees are provided with plenty of sealed stores. Bee-keeping here is in its infancy, so far as modern ideas and principles are concerned. We need more power to root up and overthrow the "old fogy" notions, and give room for more advanced ideas of the pursuit. Scientific principles have driven them from other fields, and they must drive them from ours. With all of the advantages named, we have cheap homes and one of the healthiest climates on the face of the globe. I am a very poor writer, but hope I may be understood when 1 say to those thinking of coming into our midst — Come and share the blessings God has lavished upon us. SOME 5-BANDED BEES. I cannot think of closing without saying something about this race, or rather, strain of bees. 1 see a great deal about them in the bee-papers. I am only one of the little " fishes " compared with some of the brother bee-keepers, and I fear if I venture from my lurking-place I may prove a tempting bait 264 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 25, for some of the " larger" fry, and get "swallowed up." Be this as it may, I know a thing or two about some 5-banded bees. I consider their points of merit iu the following order : Beauty, prolidcness of queens, honey-gathering, hardiness, and gentility. I have never tried but one strain of these bees, and would say that the 3-banded, or ordinary strain of Ital- ians, are their superior, unless it comes to the question of tem'per. Why, those 5-banded bees could organize and have a regular pitched battle before one could think of anything but run for his life, and leave the battlefield in possession of the enemy ! I intend to get some more queens this season, but they will not be the 5-banded kind, unless it be under the guarantee that they will prove different from the ones I have tried. Nortonsville, Va. Report of the Vermont ConventioH. BT C. W. FISHER. The 20th annual convention of the Vermont State Bee- Keepers' Association was held at Middlebury, Jan. lit) and 31, 1895. The convention was called to order by Pres. W. G. Larrabee. After prayer by R. H. Holmes, the President read a letter from Secretary H. W. Scott, saying that he would be unable to attend the convention on account of sick- ness at his home. C. W. Fisher was chosen Secretary pro tern. The minutes of the last meeting were read and approved. There were 25 members present at the roll call. The Secretary reported that he had sent cards to the bee- keepers throughout the State for the purpose of obtaining statistics in regard to number of colonies, amount of honey secured, method of wintering, etc. As so few responded to the request, nothing definite could be obtained. The Treas- urer's report was quite flattering. BEARING QUEENS IN UPPER STORIES. A very interesting essay was given by A. E. Manum, on " How to rear queens in upper stories, and the best time to rear good ones." He chooses his stock colonies the year be- fore, and uses the natural method of queen-cells. He often had diiliculty in introducing virgin queens the same day that the second lot of cells were cut out, but by skipping one day he was almost sure of success, losing not over 3 per cent. If the virgin queens were a few days old he had to use much more care in their introduction. Sometimes the colony would build queen-cells after the queen had been removed eight days. He thought that he had one instance of a nucleus carrying eggs into the hive and starting queen-cells. BEES MOVING EGGS. J. E. Crane had a case of bees moving eggs from one comb to another. O. J. Lowery gave an instance of eggs being found and cells started when there was no possible source in the hive from which the eggs could come. Mr. Ciane had had trouble iu introducing virgin queens into mixed colo- nies ; he cauld easier introduce older ones into black than Italian colonies. CLEANSING WAX AND JIAKING FOUNDATION. " How to cleanse wax and make foundation " — R. H. Holmes. "Put nothing in, take everything out." was his rule. He melts the wax in a steamer, not allowing it to boil : in a second can, it is kept warm and allowed to settle, then it is strained through cheese-cloth into the dripping-can. He uses the Given press. Mr. Crane thinks the wax is better if water is in the dripping-can. W. G. Larrabee had used a solar wax-extractor with very good success. E. H. Sturtevant uses the Doolittle method. He could make, with very little labor, fine wax ready for use, from old combs. Reports of the members for the season of 1894 showed that the crop of honey throughout the State was rather light. Some localities reported a good yield, but it was overbalanced by the shortage in other places. The question-box was next opened. SPRAYING FRUIT TREES — BEES FOB WINTERING. " What can the association do to prevent injury to bees from spraying of fruit trees?" J. E. Crane recommended the distribution among the farmers of a pamphlet by A. I. Root upon the subject of spraying. Educate the farmers as to the best time to spray. "Would a colony of bees be worth as much the following spring if, when the supers of honey were taken off, the bees were destroyed instead of letting them return to the hive again ?" R. H. Holmes thought it would be detrimental to them. He wants both young and old bees for wintering. H. B. Isham wants August to September bees to winter. Mr. Crane wintered a colony successfully that were queenless after the middle of July. HOUSE-APIARIES— EXPERIMENT STATION WORK. " What I think of house-apiaries, and how to work with one" — U. H. Burge. I liave a house holding 52 colonies, the lumber of which cost about .S50. I have used it one year. There was not much difference from the chaff hives in the production of honey last season, but the work could be car- ried on much easier because everything was more convenient and accessible. One is not as apt to be stung. Fall feeding was much easier than when the colones were out-of-doors. " What has been done at the experimentstation ?" — C. W. Fisher. During the winter the temperature of the bee-room in the house-apiary varied considerably. Records were made which showed that at times the mercury changes 30^ to 35-' in the course of five hours. The hives were well packed in chaff or sawdust, with cushions of the same on top, and a dead air space below. The temperatures in the brood-nests also changed; sometimes there was a variation of 15- in the same period of time. The bees wintered very well, not seem- ing to be affected by the changes. The spring was so very early there was no chance to do experimental work in spring feeding. The colonies averaged heavier, in the spring, win- tered in the house than in chaff hives outside. The honey- yield was much abovp that of the State in general, notwith- standing the experimental work. Mr. D. D. Howe, Farm Superintendent, first said that the Board of Control of the Station commended the work done the past year, and they requested that experiments be prescribed for another year. Director J. L. Hills requested that a report be prepared for the yearly bulletin. Mr. Howe then gave re- sults of the experiment with the fjangdon non-swarmers. Four colonies were run with the non-swarmers through the swarming season. There was no swarming. The colonies were much weakened during the time because the queens nearly stopped laying. Two of them were destroyed by the bees before the non-swarmers were removed. The directions as to changes, etc., were closely followed. However, a good many capped queen-cells were cut out. The first capped cells that were destroyed by the bees was July 6, after the non- swarmers had been on a month. The yield of honey from either set was not as much as from single colonies equally heavy at the commencement of the honey-flow. O. J. Lowrey read the experiments that were accepted by the Board of control to be tried during the past year. A row of evergreens was set around the yard for a wind-break. One of these experiments, which was carried on under Mr. Low- rey's supervision, was for the purpose of determining whether the bees added to or chemically changed sugar syrup when transferring it to the cells. Empty combs were given colonies in the fall, and sugar syrup was fed. One colony was fed three pounds, another 20 pounds per day. After feeding it was extracted, and samples taken which were chemically ana- lyzed. The samples taken were numbered 2, 3, 4 and 5. Nos. 2 and 3 were from the colony fed 2U pounds, and Nos. 4 and 5 from the one fed three pounds per day. If these honeys were sold in open market, sampled and analyzed, Nos. 2 and 3 would be condemned as adulterated with cane-sugar with- out question, and Nos. 4 and 5 almost without question. A very interesting letter was read from V. V. Blackmer, who has moved to San Mateo, Fla., and purchased an interest in the apiary of A. F. Brown. The committee on nomination of officers of the associa- tion for the ensuing yeargave their report, which was accepted and the nominees elected as follows : President, H. W. Scott, of Barre. Vice-Presidents — Ad- dison Co., Miss M. A. Douglass, of Shoreham ; Chittenden Co., D. D. Howe, of Burlington; Franklin Co., F. M. W^right, of East Enosburgh ; Lamoille Co., J. \V. Smith, of Moscow ; Orange Co., M. F. Cram, of West Brookfield ; Rutland Co., V. N. Forbes, of West Haven. Secretary, C. W. Fisher, of Burlington. Treasurer, H. L. Leonard, of Brandon. The committee on resolutions submitted their report, which was unanimously adopted as follows : RcsoliKcl, That we express our thanks to the proprietor of the Addison House for favors shown at this meeting ; also to the C. V. railroad for reduction in rates. Resolved, That we express our thanks to the Board of Control of the Vermont Experiment Station for the very able manner in which they have conducted the experiments rela- tive to the apiary connected with the station. Whereas, An all-wise Providence has removed from this I 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 265 association E. J. Smith, an able member and one of our vice- presidents, be it Resolved, That we tender our heartfelt sympathy to the family and friends of the deceased in this our loss and their sad bereavement. The committee to confer with the Board of Control at the Experiment Station in regard to experimental work to be done there the coming season, consisting of O. J. Lowrey, H. VV. Scott, and M. P. Cram, was re-elected. BEE-PARALYSIS— GRADING COMB HONEY. " In view of the rapid strides of the disease known as bee-paralysis, is it safe to buy queens of any one and every one who sees fit to advertise them for sale ?" J. E. Crane — " I have had cases which seemed similar to bee-paralysis that were probably due to some form of poison- ing." Others reported similar cases. It was the opinion of Mr. Crane that what we have had in Vermont is not true bee- paralysis. How shall we grade our comb honey ? R.H.Holmes — " We have to grade according to the re- quirements of the market to which the honey is sent." He thinks that the general call is for but two grades. H. M. Everest — If a cell of pollen is In the section put a drop of alcohol on it to prevent moths from developing. MANAGING OUT-APIARIES. " How to manage oiit-apiaries " — J. E. Crane. If running for extracted houey the matter is very simple. Strengthen the colonies as much as possible in the spring, then take out the honey. For comb honey, know that the queens are clip- ped, put the sections on early, and cut out all queen-cells. In eight days if cells are found, remove the queen; in another eight days cut out cells again, and introduce virgin queens. Do not remove the queens unless the colony is preparing to swarm. THE QUESTION-BOX. " Which is best for wintering, sugar syrup or honey ?" J. E. Crane — I have no hesitation in saying sugar syrup. "Which queens are best for Vermont bee-keepers, those reared in the northern or southern part of the United States?" R. H. Holmes — Get the very best queens possible, and from our own climate. "Will a wooden feeder keep as sweet as a metal one?" V. N. Forbes — Never use metal. Waxed wooden feeders are best. "What is the best way to keep combs from the bee- moths ?" H. B. Isham — Place tarred paper on the floor and between every brood-nest. G. W. Fassett hangs them on a rack with a space between the combs. " When can we most successfully feed for wintering ?" M. F. Cram prefers to feed quick, when honey and pollen are scarce, late in the fall. " Does a bee Inherit its working qualities from the queen or drone?" From both. The attendance was good, and much interest was shown throughout all the sessions. It was voted to hold the next annual meeting in Burlington. The convention then ad- f, journed. C. W. Fisher, Sec. 1 Burlington, Vt. How to Get the Most White Comb Hoaey. BY W. H. PUTNAM. I wish to touch briefly upon how to secure the greatest amount of white honey. We hear so many bee-keepers say every year that they did not get any white honey, or very little white honey. The plan generally pursued by the ordi- nary bee-keeper is to let the bees alone in the spring until they begin to swarm ; then he hives the new swarm, and, after about two weeks, he puts on his surplus cases. A little knowledge of honey-producing plants, and their time of blos- soming, would change all this ; for, be it understood once for all, bees do not make honey — they simply gather it, and store it in the hive. In my locality the first surplus honey cotnes from white clover, in May and June, followed by a short spell of no honey at all, and then comes the basswood the last of June and first of July. Basswood bloom is all over from July 10 to the 15th, and then comes another famine. In order to get white honey in my locality, the bee-keeper must have his bees in condition to gather honey by the middle of May. He must put on his surplus-cases as soon as his bees begin to build brace-combs. It is my practice to tier up as fast as possible, and sometimes I have two or three surplus-cases nearly filled at swarming time. As soon as a new swarm issues I remove the old hive a little to one side, placing it at right angles to the old stand. I place the new hive exactly where the old one stood ; place the partly-filled section-cases on the new hive ; and in less than ten minutes after swarming, the cases are again filled with workers ; each worker carries a saeful of honey with her when the swarm issues, aud thirty or forty thousand bees can hold a considerable amount of honey. I have weighed new swarms that weigh 18 to 20 pounds without the hive — in fact, before they had been put into the hive at all. I have no doubt that two-thirds of this weight was the honey in the bees. With me, bees swarm during white honey-flow ; and by following the method here described, no time is lost; they go right on, and more cases may be added. Meantime the old hive is moved nearer and nearer the new hive, day by day, until they stand side by side and very close. On the seventh day after swarming, in the middle of the day when the most workers are in the field, quietly and care- fully pick up the old hive; carry it quietly, and put it down softly at the greatest distance possible in the same yard, from its former position. Notice the effect. Almost instantly you will see a swarm, as it were, collecting around the place where this hive had stood; they are the workers returning from the field ; their home is gone ; they are confused, and fly aimlessly about for a few seconds ; they alight at the entrance of the new hive ; their mother is the queen there reigning; the bees have the same scent ; they are received, deposit their load, and go again to the field for more honey. Likewise the work- ers that were in the old hive which we moved so carefully do not know their home has a new location : they go forth, but return to the old location ; they are received, and a rousing colony is the result, No wonder the honey-sections fill up quickly, as there are so mauy workers. But what happens at the old hive in its new location ? Nearly all its working force has been drained away to the new swarm. In a day or two the new queen hatches. She has few bees to hamper her actions ; she makes a tour of the hive, and murders her sleeping sister-queens, yet unborn. She is monarch of all she surveys, and there is none her right to dis- pute. You will not be troubled with second swarms. No time has been lost since white honey began to flow, and now we have the whole working force concentrated on compara- tively few sections. If there is any white honey, we get it. After a week or two we can put sections on the old hive, and all our bees will be in shape for the dark or fall honey. — Bead nt the Wisconsin State Convention. River Falls, Wis. CONDUCTED BY AIRS. JEIfXIE ATCNLEY, BEEVILLB, TEX. A Northerner's Trip to the South. BY C. THEILMANN. (Continued from page 230.) Mr. Hanna had a fine garden with many subtropical plants and trees, among tbem were fine specimens of the banana trees, with their smooth stems 5 or 6 inches in diam- eter, and 6 to 7 feet high, and leaves .5 to 6 feet long and nearly 2 feet wide. The fruit-stem starts out of the top cen- ter of the leaves (it is the continuous inside of them), and makes a bow of a half-circle downwards, and hangs in this position while the fruit-pods grow perpendicularly upwards. Mr. Hanna told me that every tree drinks as much water dally as an ox. He Is well fixed for irrrigating his garden, has a good house and cistern, but no cellar. Mrs. Hanna was going to show me her cellar, which consisted of a store box under the house. The houses are all set on ;) to 4 feet high posts. I have not learned why it is done. I found them built so every- where In Texas. I doubt whether there Is a cellar in Texas. It Is claimed that fresh potatoes would rot just as quick in a cellar as in the ground. They will keep good only a short time anywhere after ripe. About 9 a.m. Dec. 27, we started for the Midwinter Bee-Keepers' Convention, 2X miles away at Mrs. Atchley's, 266 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 25, where we found a considerable crowd of bee-keepers and non- bee-keepers, and some who wanted to learn bee-keeping. The Atchley family was very busily engaged in attending to their many guests, while myself and my companion looked around among the many bee-hives (empty and otherwise) which were in the two yards, about 30 rods apart. We also looked into a pile of supers that were stored on the ground. Mr. Atchley said moths were more plenty here than elsewhere. Some of the supers were all alive with moth-worms of all sizes and ages, and many cases full of combs were totally destroyed by them. I guess Willie forgot them. We opened a number of hives with and without bees in them, and then tried to count the colonies, but we gave it up. My host took me home for dinner, as a cold, freezing "norther" sprung up and made it too cold for the provided picnic under the live-oak trees, in spite of the green beans and other garden vegetables on the tables. After dinner the meet- ing was called to order in the shop, and proceeded as the readers have already seen lu the American Bee Journal. On Dec. 29 Mr. Hanna's garden was badly demoralized with the heavy frost, nearly everything being more or less frozen, and the toil and careful tendings for weeks and months vanished in two nights. I felt sorry for the nice banana trees. On this morning Mr. Hanna took me out into the country about 12 miles southwest, to show rae the coun- try and a farm which was for sale. On our way we saw an orange tree with ripe fruit, from which Mr. Hanna got two oranges for me to take home, which I did. We ate them here, and they were of very fine taste and flavor. This tree did not seem to be hurt much. Further on we came to something new to us up here — it was a Mexican gate. It works automatically, is about is feet wide, with a stationary post in the center of the road and gate. The post is about 10 feet high, with a chain attached to the upper end. and connected with the gate about 4 or 5 feet on each side of the center. The chain is adjusted in a winding-around-the-post position, so the gate hangs free, sus- pended on the post, and its weight keeps it closed, and effects a pressure to the posts on each side of the gate ends. In open- ing the gate the chain winds around the post more tightly, and if let go it will close itself. Trained saddle horses will push them open, which saves the rider getting off. From Beeville to Skidmore (14 miles) there are seven of these gates in the heavily traveled public road. The gates are allowed to save fencing to stockmen. There is a heavy fine for tying and leaving them open. Nearly all the land as yet is used for pasture there. The country is dotted over with live-oak and other timber, of which mesquite is the most numerous, and which is said to be the best honey-bearing tree in Texas, also the most wide- spread. Some places the honey-bearing shrubberies are very thick on the ground, and from all appearance it is a good bee- country. Some of the trees and shrub.s, it is said, come into bloom after a spell of dry weather, every time it rains, but it seems that some of the dry spells won't let up. The soil is a black, sandy loam. There are big, prickly pear cactus all over, some being 4 inches at the root, and 3 and 4 feet high. I took some of their thorns homo in the skin and flesh of my legs -could not get them out. I also saw wild grapevines one font in diameter. I was told that they bear well, and are as large and as good as the Concord, and make excellent wine. They thrive well all over the land. A man near Gainesville made 32 barrels of wine last fall, and it is good. I never drank better American wine even in Califor- nia. It is (Jod's gift, where water is so bad. One of the oldest stockmen at Beeville told me that there wasn't much in cattle any more. When he first came there (38 years ago) he could count on 4 acres per head, now it takes 6 and 7 acres, and he has to feed besides. Land at that time was very cheap compared with present prices — $5 to $10 now. Some farmers in central Texas told me that they have to feed their stock, as a rule, for four months in winter, and sell 3-year-old steers for from .§6 to §8, and 4-year-olds from SI to 810. They lose many by death. Mr. Hanna is reliable, accommodating, and knows the country well. He is a surveyor and land agent, and will give any desired information about the country. Before I left liceville I made another call at Mrs. Atch- ley's, when they had time to show me their queen-rearing stock. The Carniolans — of which Mr. Lockhart is so proud^ were surely full-bloods. The 5-banders that Mr. Atchley showed me were all yellow except the black tip on the end of the abdomen. I did not hear any very big "blowing" in the South until Willie Atchley broke the ranks, when he put too much stress on the speed of his pony — in taking me and a lady from Hous- ton to the train, 2;.^ miles, on partly sandy road, in five min- utes. To this he was encouraged the evening before, when we met him on the road with two ladies in the buggy; he turned, and we followed as fast as our horse could go, but in spite of all the urging, the whip was hurt more than the horse. VVillie was almost out of sight, and Mr. Hanna had to buy a new whip when we got to Beeville; but Willie got paid for it that morning, although he got us to the train in time. My unwilling stop was at Karnes City — I missed my train at Kenedy Junction. At this place (40 miles from San Anto- nio) I inquired for bees, and was told that the Bohemian hotel-keeper had some bees. I went there to see them. The lady was at home, and I asked her if they kept any bees. "No, we keep no bees!" "What's that out in the yard'?" I said. I could see the bees flying through the window. "We have a few bees," she then said. " Do they do well here" I asked. " We get some honey," she replied. "Can I go out and see them ?" "No, you can see them through the win- dow," was the reply. (Superstitious.) Karnes City is rather a dry place, with bad water. I found an artesian well here, 1,800 feet deep, but the water is too salty for the house or stock. San Antonio has a number of artesian wells, it is said, with good water. On my way home the flowers and blossoms had all disap- peared, from the effects of the hard freeze, but many cotton- fields were still awaiting harvesting. Many bales had already shelled, and were falling to the ground. Cotton is the prin- cipal crop of Texas, and the only real staple article for which there is a cash market any time it comes to market. Cotton is just in its element in Texas, and that State produces more of it than any other in the Union. I have not seen or heard of any warehouses or elevators for other crops. I think every one has to seek his own market for them. There is more good farming land in Texas than I had ex- pected to see, though there is enough poor land, too ; but the many extremes in the weather is a big obstacle, besides the millions of torturing and damaging insects is enough to make it uncomfortable. Some places fruit trees grow thrifty, but the "northers" often come untimely, and spoil the crop. Minnesota has a better show to ever be a fruit State than has Texas. My train took me through Dallas, one of the largest, if not the largest, city in Texas. It is a lively town, with con- siderable manufacturing establishments, and a good country around it. I also came through Greenville, the home of Mr. Graham, the comb honey bee-keeper. Some of the readers will remember seeing him at the 'World's Fair convention. This is also the former home of the Atchleys. I kind of won- dered to myself why they left such a nice and prosperous town as Greenville, surrounded with a fine farming country, and the nicest oak and other timber I have seen in Texas, even if there was a little snow on the ground when I came through. You see it isn't quite so dry in the northeast part as it is further south and southwest. When I came to Denison, near the line of Indian Terri- tory, there was 5 or 6 inches of snow, and still snowing. The southeastern part of Indian Territory is well timbered, while further north the endless prairies are as yet sparingly settled. There is good land with large cornfields and fruit orchards along the eastern part of Kansas. Kansas City, Mo., is one of the largest railroad centers in the southwest. From here I came through St. Joe, the home of Mr. Abbott. It is a fine city now from what it was in 1855, when I came through the first time up to Sioux City. The Missouri valley is one of the most productive valleys that can be found for corn, stock and fruit. The cornfields extend for miles, and big crops of corn are raised there. I also saw orchards of several hundred acres in one piece. Council Bluffs is another large place on ray route, and so is Sioux City. Le Mars and Ireton, Iowa, where I have some old neighbors living, were my last stops. This is a very fine farming country, with fine houses and barns, with nice planted groves around them. Corn, oats and swine and other stock are raised here. From .$40 to $50 is the price of land per acre. I arrived home on Jan. 6, after a journey of about 3,400 miles. I feel more contented than heretofore, with our Min- nesota soil and climate, after seeing what I did. But those people who are dissatisfied may go to Texas. Theilmanton, Minn. Only One Cent a Copy for copies of the American Bee Journal before Jan. 1, 1895. We have them running back for about 10 years. But you must let us select them, as we cannot furnish tiiem in regular order, and probably not any particular copies. Just send us as many one-cent stamps as you may want old copies, and we will mail them to you. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 267 CONDHCTED BY DR. C. C. MILLER, MAREUfGO, ILL. [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct.] About the Top-Bars of Brood-Frames. 1. Is there any advantage iu having the top-bars of brood-frames wider than one inch ? If so, what ? 2. Does the width of top-bars have anything to do with brace and burr combs ? 3. Is there any other advantage in having the top-bar made thicic, than to prevent sagging? If so, what? J. W. P. ANSVfERS. — 1. Yes. See next answer. 2. Yes. If there is a space of 3f inch between top-bars, bees are not liiiely to build between. If the space is more, they put in brace-combs ; if less, propolis. So if the frames are spaced 1 Sg from center to center, the top-bars must be 1 '« inches wide to make the space between U- 3. Yes. With a thick top-bar the bees are less likely to run up brace and burr combs. They will also build whiter combs over black brood-frames. If the sections are too close to the brood-frames the bees will carry little bits of black wax from the brood-combs to the sections. Transferring — Ifflanagement at Swarming-Time. 1. I wish to transfer bees from some old frame hives of a different size from the dovetail hives, into the latter — without cutting the combs out. Will this plan work well ? — Place a new hive under the old, with a honey-board between, after having first found the queen on a comb of brood and placing comb and queen in the lower hive. Then fill up the lower hive with combs and honey from some colonies that have died during the previous winter. If I can do this safely about the middle of April or a little before, the bees would be all hatched out by apple-bloom, which occurs about the first of May. 2. I notice you indorse Mr. Dugdale's method at swarm- ing time. He places the old hive on top of the new swarm for •4 or 5 days. Now the Frank Coverdale method is the same in principle, only he runs the newly-hatched bees into the swarm for some 14 days. Now would you think it entirely practical to take the remaining young bees and brood at the end of 14 days and make a nucleus of them, and how would you do it? I think the Coverdale plan a good one, especially so if there would be enough bees and brood left at the end of 14 days for what increase that is desired. "Out West." Answers. — I think your plan will work all right at the right time, but I'm afraid you'll lose by it if you try it as early as you propose. True, if your bees are strong enough to swarm before fruit-bloom, then it would be all right, but your locality, bees, or something else must be quite e.'cceplional if you have swarming before fruit-bloom. Before that time bees are building up, and dividing the forces as much as would happen by putting the queen in a story below the brood, with an excluder between, would be somewhat disastrous in most places. I think you would find that the majority of the bees would stay with the brood iu the upper story, and so few would stay with the queen that she would diminish her laying. The long and short of it is, that the plan is all right when colonies are strong enough, but practiced before that time it will simply retard the building up. In most localities the time for operation would only be after fruit-bloom, or with very strong colonies during fruit-bloom. 2. Yes, you could make a nucleus of the young bees left at the end of 14 days, and all you will need to do is to give them a queen-cell or a queen. They can be allowed to stay where they are, or they can be moved to a new stand, for these young bees will stay wherever they are put. But you might gain a good deal of time by letting the bees rear their own queen from one cf the cells left in the old hive. Have a piece of excluder-zinc to prevent the young queen going out through the escape, or rather from going into the escape, and at the end of the 14 days take away the escape and give the regular entrance. You may count upon it that only one young queen is left without your cutting out queen-cells. But you can accomplish exactly the same thing with a modification of the Dugdale plan, and although it may be no better, yet I know more about it from having practiced it years ago. Leave only enough bees on the brood above to take care of it, shaking off the rest into the new hive, and the bees will not swarm again even if you leave all queen-cells. Then 14 days after swarming move the old hive to a new location and you are just about where you would be if you had followed the Coverdale plan. For when you move the hive to a new location all the bees that have been out flying will leave the new location, go back, and join the main hive. So in either plan you will have left only the young bees that have not flown before the 14 days. I think you may have by the last plan a little honey stored above in the old hive that by the Coverdale plan might have gone into sections, but it will not be lost, and you may gain something in the way of brood, for the bees may take a little better care of the youngest brood where they are free to go and come. Separators in Three Pieces. Has any one tried wood separators in three pieces, leav- ing a bee-space between the pieces ? Will they work ? You see if they work all right, I can rip my own stuff for separa- tors. My sections are 45^x4f^. I. O. Answer. — I don't remember that I ever heard of separa- tors being made in three pieces, but I think it is B. Taylor who make them in two pieces and likes them much. And he's good authority, too. I don't see why three pieces couldn't be used as well as two. I think he fastens the two parts together by little cleats running up and down. What to Do With a Colony in a Box. I captured a stray swarm of bees last June, in a box 18x14x18, and they are in good condition now in the same box. What would be the best thing to do with them for this season — would you advise to transfer them into a proper hive, or leave them the way they are ? I would like to get a swarm from them this summer, as I intend to get as many as I can and find out what there is in the bee-business in my neighbor- hood. J. K. E. Aspinwall, Pa. Answer. — I suspect you'll do best to leave them where they are till they swarm, especially as you want to get a swarm. But you may do well to limit their room somewhat, for you're giving them a pretty big contract to fill a box 18x14x18. You will be more sure of a swarm if you cut down the contents of their box to about 2,000 cubic inches. There are two ways in which this may be done. One way is to saw off the bottom of the box or hive. 'The other way is to fill up as much as you would saw off. The way to do this is to make a box closed on all six sides as deep as the depth you want taken from the hive, and the other two dimensions an inch less each way than the inside dimensions of the hive. Then lift the hive and set it down over this box. When a swarm issues, hive it in a movable-comb hive, set this on the old stand, putting the old hive close beside it, and in five or six days move the old hive to a new place altogether. Then in three weeks from the time of swarming you can transfer the mother colony into a frame hive or not, as best suits you. I half believe if I were in your place I'd not transfer, but let the bees stay, after swarming, in the old box-hive. They'll probably winter there better than in a frame hive, and give you a rousing swarm each season from which you'll get a good lot of honey. In case the season is good after swarming-time, it's possible the old colony may give you some surplus. Bore a big bole in the top of the hive, or better still, about four 1- inch holes, set a box over this for surplus, glass in one side if you like, and a larger box to cover over the surplus box to protect from the weather. Never mind if you bore right into the honey. Won't hurt a bit. If you're anxious for more increase, put the swarm in a new place, and let the old hive stand, and it will likely throw out a second swarm. But in that case you run the risk of having it so weak it won't get through the winter. Look here. If you " want to find out what there is in the bee-business," first thing you do, get one of those " A B C's " this journal is now offering at such favorable rates (see page 2.54). Sorry that's advertising, but I'm not going to with- hold good advice on that account. Xliat jXew Song— " Queenie Jeanette"— which is being sung everywhere, we can send you for 40 cents, postpaid, or club it with the American Bee Journal for one year — both tor only -SI. 10. Or, send us one new subscriber for a year (with $1.00), and we will mail you a copy of the song free. 268 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 25, rUIir.ISHED WEEKLY IIV GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, 56 Fifth Ai'oniie, - CHICAGO, ILT^. $1.00 a Year — Sample Copy Sent Free. [Entered at the P08^0fflce at ChieaKO as Second-Class Mail-Matter.] EDITOR. Assisted by the following Department Editors : Dr. C. C. Miller - - - "Questions and Answers. Mrs. Jennie Atchlet - - - "Tiie Sunnt Southland. "Gleaner" . . . . "Among the Bee-Papers. " Bee-Master " " Canadian Beedom. Dr. F. L. Peiho " Doctor's Hints. Rev. Emerson T. Abbott - - " Notes and Comments. Vol. inv, CHICAGO, ILL,, APR, 25, 1895, No, 17. Editorial Budget* A ]\e'»v ISenietly is reported to have been concocted by a certain joking Dr. Gaul, and that it " cured some bees that had the hives!" That pill doctor's name should have been " Gall "—for he must have lots of that in his make-up. Of course it was all in- tended in fun. Xlie M^isconsin Convention, held at Madison, Feb. .5 and G, 1895, elected the following officers for the ensuing year: President, Franklin Wilcox, of Mauston ; Recording Secretary, H. Lathrop, of Browntown ; and Corresponding Secretary and Treasurer, N. E. France, of Platteville. !\otes an<1 Frag^nienlis seem to comprise the greater part of the April Progressive Bee-Keeper. There are " Star Api- ary Notes," "Wayside Fragments," " Rose Hill Notes," "Notes in General," and " Nebraska Notes." But no notes were noted due at sight or in 30 days. The Progressive is " up and coming," to quote an apt expression used by a friend a short time ago. Xlie Bee-Keepers' Union might have a new feature added to it— that of making collections for its members. In his Illustrated Home Journal for April, General Manager Newman had this paragraph : The Union Did It.— Mr. C. Klock, of Pearsall, Tex., had a claim against a commission merchant for honey shipped three years ago. Being a member of the Union, he requested the Gen- eral Manager to collect it. It was done, and in 15 days Mr. K. had his money. *—*■ I»ror. <'ook, writing from Claremont, near Los Angeles, Calif., April 13, said: " Bees are doing splendidly. This is t/ie bee-count nj.^' Mr. W. A. Pryal, who lives at North Temescal, near San Fran- cisco, Calif., wrote thus April S: " This is going to be a big year for bees hereabouts. We have had over 30 inches of rain — much above the average. Already some of my hives are ready to extract. I think the crop will be the biggest I ever had. My oldest brother is taking the apiary in band, and he has everything in good shape for the coming harvest. I have not heard much from the southern portion of the State, but I should suppose that they will have a good crop down there." Good for California ! After the failure of last year, a good honey season now will he appreciated out there. Everybody should get ready for the honey-flow in good time, and not miss a crop by being unprepared if it should be on hand to be harvested. Xlie Illinois Appi-opi-iation for the benefit of the State Bee-Keepers' Association has not been granted. The following from Secretary Stone explains the matter : Dear Bro. York :— Our hopes of getting our appropriation bill through the House are blighted. Last Thursday (April 11) the appropriation committee reported it back to the House, recom- mending that it do not pass. I would think it aU right, consider- ing the condition of the State treasury, for them to cut off all ap- propriations possible, if it were not for the fact that those engaged in the different agricultural pursuits of the State pay the largest share of the taxes, viz.: those immediately engaged in agriculture, those in horticulture, dairying, bee-keeping, etc. And yet, when it comes to making an appropriation for any of these, they fight it to the bitter end. The dairymen fared the same as the bee keepers, and the hor- ticulturists are not sure of anything much better. Their bill has been twice favorably reported back to the House, and then re- committed each time for the purpose of defeating it, or cutting it in two. These " public servants ".(?) of ours who pretend to work for the interests of the " dear people," think nothing of voting an ap- propriation to build a monument for some dead man, or of ad- journing to go home and spend five days (from Friday morning to Wednesday morning) at a cost to the State of over a thousand dollars a day ; but when it comes to voting to help some agricul- tural interest, to spread its information for the good of the gen- eral public, I for one fail to see where they represent us. The three bills spoken of above, are all Senate bills. Ours passed the Senate without any trouble, where two years ago it met its defeat. At that time one of the Senators had promised his aid, and then because the party line was drawn, went back on his promise. The same Senator we invited this year to "stay at home." though he spent much money to get back again. We are in favor of inviting some of the House appropriation committee to stay at home next year. We will not name them publicly, though we have many bee-keepers in their districts. Jas. a. Stone, f>e<: So far as I can see. the only way for agricultural and other deserving people to get their rights is to hereafter send only such persons to make the laws as will care more for the interests of their constituents and less for personal interest and ease. Thousands of dollars are often voted for needless things, yet when a few hundred are really deserving and necessary, it is withheld. I, for one. am willing to give the women a chance to try their hand at doing justice, and let the men stay at home until they are fully rested and informed about the needs of the best part of our population — those who live and work on farms. Xlie "'tijiant" Hees advertised awhile ago in the Bee Journal have proven to be a " giant " mistake. The young man who took " Holt" of them has let go. He promises to return any money that may be sent him on account of his advertising. It was also a mistake on the part of the Bee Journal to announce them without first making a thorough investigation. This acknowledge- ment is due the readers of this journal, as its publishers do not mean to admit any questionable advertisements in its columns. More care will be exercised in the future. Xlie April Roiov was received "on time," which showed that Editor Hutchinson had been doing some pretty hard work the past few months, as last fall his paper was nearly one month behind time. He has been suffering from an attack of la grippe this spring, which made it harder to get caught up. It is a great pleasure in this office to receive the other bee-papers promptly, as well as to mail the Bee Journal so its readers will get it on time. •-»-» Soft Candy for Bees in Kiig,'lan<1.— In a private letter I received from Mr. Thos. Wm. Cowan, editor of the British Bee Journal, he wrote thus in reference to Mr. Abbott's criticism on page 190, about feeding soft candy to bees instead of hard; Mr. Abbott objects to our using soft candy, but we make our candy just so that there is no mess whatever, and it does not run among the bees. Our soft candy is very different to what you in America call soft candy, but there is no question with us as to which is the best, and no one here who has used our soft candy in spring will ever take to the hard. T. W. Cowan. Xlie Ontario Foul BrootI Controversy.— Since pub- lishing Mr. McEvoy's reply (page 337) to Mr. Clarke's criticism (page 1T4) of his (McEvoy's) report on foul brood, I have received a letter from Mr. Clarke in which he says very plainly that there is due him an apology from Mr. McEvoy and from me. To the 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 269 latter part, I of course agree, and would most humbly apologize for publishing Mr. Clarlse's criticism of Mr. McEvoy's report, which criticism necessitated publishing the reply by Mr. McEvoy. Now, by apologizing for publishing both the criticism and the reply, Mr. Clarke and Mr. McEvoy can each take his share of my apology, which will leave matters about where they were at the time Mr. McEvoy's foul brood report was printed. Wishing to get the exact nature and limits of the power in- vested in the Foul Brood Inspector of Ontario, by Act of Parlia- ment, some correspondence has passed between Mr. Clarke and the Ontario Government. The Attorney General was first addressed under the idea that he was the authoritative exponent of statutory law. He, however, referred the matter to the Department of Ag- riculture for reply, which Mr. Clarke has forwarded to me. It reads as follows : Toronto, April 4, 189,5. Rev. W. F. Clarke, Guelph, Ont — Dear Sir : — After reading the presentation of the case by your- self, and also by Mr. McEvoy, I find it is practically impossible to reconcile the statements, and all that appears possible tor me to do is to answer one question further in regard to the powers of the Inspector. In the case af the Agriculture and Arts Act, the interpretation of doubtful points is left in the hands of the Minister of Agricul- ture, but no such power is given to him or to this Department in the case of the Foul Brood Act. In this matter, therefore, any doubt or uncertainty will have to be settled by reference to a court of law. If you ask, however, merely for the opinion of this De- partment in regard to his powers, I can simply refer you to Sec. 3 of the Act, a copy of which was sent you, and this Department reads that section as follows: 1. The Inspector is directed by the President of the Association to inspect the apiary. 3. The Inspector goes and inspects the apiary, and satisfies himself of the existence of foul brood in its virulent or malignant type. 3. The Inspector orders the destruction of the infected hives, under his own personal direction. It does not appear to this Department that the latter clause re- quires the Inspector to await the return of the owner, to go and find him, or even to send him written notice, but that if the owner or his servant is not present to carry out the instructions of the inspector, he is authorized to set the match with his own bands. As I stated before, the Inspector claims that the hives were badly infected, and that there was nothing to be done but to burn them ; and you claim that they were but slightly affected, and that no burning was necessary. Neither the Attorney General's Depart- ment nor this Department can, of course, decide as to this latter question, and I presume it would have to be settled in a court of law. But I do not suppose you will determine to carry your dis- pute that far. You will understand, however, that this is merely the opinion of this Department as to what the Act means, and is not or cannot be considered as anything more than a mere opinion. Yours very truly, C. C. James, Deputy Miniater of Agrii-uUure. So that all the readers of the American Bee Journal may know the full text of the Section of the Foul Brood Act epitomized by Mr. James, I give it as sent me by Mr. W. J. Brown, of Chard, Ont. : REVISED STATUTES OF ONTARIO, 1890. Chapter 66, Section B. — The said inspector shall, whenever so directed by the President of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association, visit without unnecessary delay any locality in the Province of Ontario and there examine any apiary or apiaries to which the said President may direct him, and ascertain whether or not the disease known as " foul brood " exists in such apiary or apiaries ; and whenever the said Inspector shall be satisfied of the existence of foul brood in its virulent or malignant type, it shall be the duty of the Inspector to order all colonies so affected, together with the hives occupied by them, and the contents of such hives and all tainted appurtenance that cannot be disinfected, to be iiiimediiitthi (leMroyed by Jire under the personal direction and superintendence of the said Inspector; and after inspecting infected hives or fixtures, or handling diseased bees, the Inspector shall, before leaving the premises, or proceeding to any other apiary, thoroughly disinfect his own person and clothing, and shall see that any assistant or assistants with him have also thoroughly disinfected their persons and clothing; provided that where the Inspector, who shall be the ■wfcj/trfjf Wio-fo/'. shall be satisfied that the disease exists, but only in milder types and in its incipient stages, and is being, or may be treated successfully, and the Inspector has reason to believe that it may be ftitirdij cured, then the Inspector may, in his disereiiinty omit to destroy or order the destruction of the colonies and hives in which the disease exists. In the editorial foot-note on page 238, it was not intended to utterly prohibit further discussion of the subjects of foul brood or foul brood laws in these columns, but simply to stop any further reference to the special Clarke-McEvoy case, as it was quite appar- ent that anything more on that line would mainly consist of un- interesting personalities. fKrr)or}Q i\)€ Bee-Papers CoJic/ucted V>y "GiEAIVER.' IMPROVED BEES. For the last three years, B. Taylor has been buying golden and five-banded bees liberally, as he reports in Review. He has bad so many cases of their dying in winter that he begins to doubt their vitality and endurance. For the past two years he finds his bees unusually cross, and in most cases the aggres- sors are the very yellow bees, so he thinks it is a case of '•improved strain of bees." COMB vs. EXTRACTED HONEY. One reason, according to R. C. Aikin in Review, that bees store more honey in extracting-combs than in sections is that they work more readily at filling combs already built, but he thinks the total gain is not so great as it appears, for part of the honey that is put in the extracting-combs would be put in the brood-combs if sections were on. He also thinks that the increased crop of extracted is at the expense of largely in- creased labor. DEAD air space. Hutchinson challenges a statement in Gleanings to the effect that no chaff or packing material is needed if the com- partment is air-tight. He says the air, being alternately warmed and cooled, will set up a circulation, and thus act as a. conductor, while the packing breaks up this circulation. large or small hives. The Dadants in Gleanings having made the point that the number of bees will be lessened by restricting the queen to a small hive, the Bee-Keepers' Review makes reply that al- though there are fewer bees per queen, there are no less per comb or per apiary, the idea being that with smaller hives more of them can be kept. The Dadants will probably flaunt in his face the fact that restricting the queen in the small hive makes a great increase of swarming over the three or four per cent, they have with their big hives. BEST FORM FOR A HIVE. H. R. Boardman, iu Gleanings, takes the old straw skep as the model of perfection in a bee-hive, if only the require- ments of the bees are considered. As coming nearest to this form, and yet suited to man's convenience, he favors the square hive with square frames, X2%%.V2^,i inches. That gives the bees a chance to keep their stores above them, as in the straw skep. TEST FOR ADULTERATED WAX. Here's a test that Gleanings says is not entirely reliable, but suESciently so to put the buyer on his guard. Take a two- quart Mason jar, put in some pieces of wax of known purity, and fill up the .iar half full of water. The wax will float. Now gradually add alcohol till the wax will just sink to the bottom. The sample to be tested will sink when put in, if pure, but will float if part paraffiue or ceresin. ELECTROPOISE AND OXYDONOR. A. I. Root has been after that fraud, electropoise, with a sharp stick, and now he's after oxydonor, a near relative of electropoise. In the oxydonor circular reference is made to D. L. Moody. In reply to an inquiry, Mr. Root received the following: " I know nothing about this, and never endorsed it.— D. L. Moody." SACALINE. This new Russian forage-plant, mentioned lately by Chas. Dadant in this journal, is being boomed at a good rate. A. I. Root quotes without endorsing the circular statement that it is perfectly hardy, even in Siberia : once planted grows forever without cultivation or manuring; endures severest drouths, luxuriates in wet lands, etc. But Director Wilson of the Iowa Experiment Station says cattle won't eat it, even in Russia. THE HEDDON HIVE PATENT. A description of the patented Danzenbaker hive appeared lately in Gleanings. James Heddon appears in a letter in Gleanings, claiming that this hive is a direct infringement on his rights, but thinks it unnecessary to spend large sums of money in United States courts, providing the people are prop- erly informed regarding the rights and wrongs of inventors, and he thinks it rests with our literature to give them such 270 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 25, information. Mr. Danzenbaker's attorney makes reply that Mr. Heddon applied for a patent on the divisible brood-eham- ber but was refused, and seems to think that the only thing Mr. Heddon can claim is the thumb-screws and cleats to hold the frames together. THOSE GIANT BEKS OF INDIA. A card in Gleanings from C. D. Holt, the man that adver- tised the big bees, says, " I was led into the Giant-Bee business through my ignorance, and am out .§1-4- cash. . . .and am very much ashamed of having been mixed up in this matter." ConAtxcted by " BEE-MASTBR." A liate Season. We are having a late season here in Canadian beedom. It is now the 15th of April, and on this parallel of 43- north latitude, the bees are still in winter quarters. I do not know a single cellar-winterer who has begun to put out his hives yet. My own are still packed as they have been since the be- ginning of November. Usually there are fine, bright days in midwinter, when the bees can take a flight, but during the past, one might almost say the present winter, there has been no let up. We had no January thaw, and, until one day last week, there was no weather warm enough to tempt the bees out for a flight. Such a winter of steady, persistent cold is not remembered by that noted personage, "the oldest in- habitant." It does not follow from all this that we are not to have a good honey season. When bees are properly housed and duly protected they usually do well after a steady, hard winter. It is the uncared-for and neglected colonies that are thinned down and die of cold and starvation. The probabilities are that when spring weather does come it will do so to " stay." Brood-rearing will go on without any check. Colonies will build up rapidly, so that when the honey-harvest begins there will be plenty of workers to gather it in. The winter has been a favorable one for the protection of clover and other forage plants. There has been no alternately freezing and thawing weather. The fall wheat has come out in good condition. I do not know whether fruit-buds have been injured by the severity of the frost or not. It would not be surprising if it were so, for there have been some pretty low dips of the thermometer. But the main sources of our honey crop have been well blanketed under the snow all win- ter, and will probably give a good account of themselves as soon as they are " up and dressed." It would not be surprising if we were to have one of the old-fashioned, rousing honey seasons. There has been a suc- cession of poor seasons, and the old proverb says it is a long lane that has no turn. The lane is already long, quite long enough most of us think, but there is One who knows better than we do how to regulate the seasons, and all other things in this mundane sphere. As Robert Browning sings : " (rod is in heaven. All's right In His world." Bees from the Soiitli. Some of our bee-keepers are trying an experiment in the way of importing bees from the South, as compared with win- tering them over through our long, dreary winter. I know of a shipment of 10 4-frame nuclei which is being made from Florida to put this matter to the test. The question is, will it pay to make an importation of this sort every spring instead of keeping bees all the year round and risking the winter losses? The nuclei, including queens, are to cost §2.50 each. What the express wili be from Florida is as yet " an unknown quantity." An advertisement in Gleanings, headed, " I told you so," quotes a one-frame nucleus as having in the course of a single season given 120 well-filled one-pound sections. This appears like a somewhat " fishy " bee-story. It dates from Heber, Utah. Well, if that can be done in Heber, Utah, or anywhere else on the North American continent, I want to emigrate there, start an apiary, and import one-frame nuclei every spring. I don't think a one-frame nucleus with two or three dozen workers and a little patch of brood, can achieve such a feat as that even in " the Sunny South." If the 10 Jr-frame nuclei will average 120 well-filled one-pound sections, it will pay us to import them at a cost of So each, including express charges. CONDnCTED liV Rei-. Emerson T, xXbbottt St, ^osep2i> JIfo. Bee-Keeping: a Specialty. — " Essays advising that bee-keeping as a business be made a specialty lay the per- sons engaged therein have been written from time to time. The essayists are often eloquent in their advice, but never, I believe, practice what they preach." — W. G. Hewes, in Gleanings. It has been a theory of mine for some time that there is more poetry and sentiment in bee-keeping as a business, sep- arate and alone, than there is hard cash. I have also been inclined to think that there are few, if any, in the United States, who are making their entire living out of honey-pro- duction. If there is a single man, woman or child in the country with no other source of income, let him, her or it come to the front and explain how it is done. I know how it's done by many who claim to be specialists. One runs a newspaper ; another has a farm ; another has an orchard ; another raises poultry ; another has a government job ; another pulls teeth, puts gold in them, and all such; another does literary work ; another preaches ; another tries to cure the ills of life by pills, extracts, etc.; two or three publish bee-papers and try to show the other fellows how to make big money by being specialists ; a large number are, legitimately I think, making or selling supplies to those who, according to the theories of some, should be specialists; — but I am not hunting for these. I want to find the real, unadulterated specialist who can say with Paul, "This one thing I do, forgetting those things which are behind, I press toward the mark for the prize of the high calling." Honey-production, if honestly followed, is a " high calling ;" but who is laboring for this " prize " alone to the exclusion of all others to gain a living for himself or her- self ? Hold np your hand. Motlis and Butterflies.— This comment is not aboui bees, but it will be none the less interesting to those who have learned to heed the suggestion in the following lines by Mrs. Whitney : "Oh. look thou largely wilh lenient eyes. On what 60 l)eside tbee creeps and clings. For the iiossible g'lory that underlies Tho passing phase of the meanest things." He who has developed the faculty of seeing the glory which lies hidden in nature all about him has taken the first step in a liberal education. Whatever awakens the power of observation in a child and leads it to ask the why of nature, and to see the beauty and glory which lie all about it, cannot fail to be of the greatest possible advantage to it in after life. I have been led into this strain of thought by reading an inter- esting and practical book on " Moths and Butterflies," by Julia P. Ballard, published by G. P. Putnam's Sons, of New York. Those who are interested in bees cannot fail to be ben- efited by reading about anything in the insect world. The author of this book has the faculty of finding things of beauty and interest all about her in the everyday walks of life, and what is of more importance to the reader, she posses- ses the ability to make others see what she sees. Her talks about insects read like a fairy tale, and I know of no better book for a father to place in the hands of his children. It will give them many hours of pleasure and develop a closeness of observation and keenness of insight which will prove of great value to them all aloug the journey of life. If more of this class of literature were found in every home, I think it would prove a real attraction and draw many a boy away from the saloon, and keep many a girl from drifting into bad company. A child who learns in early life to take a lively in- terest in the insect world about it is not apt in after years to find time dragging heavily on his hands, or to go very far astray from the path of rectitude. Buy a copy of " Moths and Butterflies " for your children. It will be a dollar and a half well spent. I'^oiindsition mils. — An Iowa subscriber says: "Please ask those who have second-hand Pelham foundation mills, or other makes, to advertise in the American Bee Journal." 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 271 McCALLUM STEEL WHEEL WA60NS Highest Awards at World's Fair. Broad ornarrow fires, high or low wheels to fit any skein. Are climate- proof, weigh less, run U|j;hter sell faster. Warranted ' for ten years | Wheels or axles made for wngon cucAcotSi^ '^ r-iCHers. also, ^a^gg^^ makers. Liberal Discounts to Aeents or first to pnrchnse. McGallum Steel Wheel Wagon Co., Aurora, I11.,U. S. A. i4Ai;it. Flease mention the Llt^e Jtiiirnal. 300 ies of A Hio. 1 Italian Bees in 8-fr. Dovetailed Hives, for sale CHEAP. Also a Full Line of Apiarian Goods, all new, at living- prices. Send for Catalogue, to— E. T. Planag-an, Bo.x 783, Belleville, Ills. IIAIO Mtntiontlie American Bee J ourruu^ nflDll — Bl(i COLDEN YELLOW. UUnR Made 80 bus. in 1SP4. By mail. '"'■■■■ postpaid, 1 oz., 5c.; 1 lb., 25c. By express or freight f. o. b.— 1 pk. 40e.; H bu., 75c.; 1 bu., $1.2o; 2 bus., $2. Sacks free. HAi J. K. Siulili, State Liliie, Ind. The Aspinwall Hive ! ! m THE HIVE FOR BEES- -THE HIVE FOR BEE-KEEPERS Send for Illustrated Circular. Aspinwall MaunfacturiDE Co,, 13A6 JACK!«ON, IfllCII. Mention the AmcHoan Bee Journal. Italian BEES & QUEENS Ready in May. Queens, $1.00. Bees by the Pound, $1.00. Two-frame Nuclei, with Queen $2 50. One-frame, $2.00. Also, Barred P. R. Eggs, for setting, $1.00 per 15. Mrs. A. A. SIMPSON, Box 48, Swarts, Fa. 15Ai:it Please mention the Bee Journal. BeeSmoker 16 Years Best Oil Earth Sent per mail on receipl o£ price. . 1 Circulars and Doz. rates 'I seut on application. Doctor, ■i'A in., Largest Smoker made. .. $1.75 Conqueror. .3-inch stove 1.50 Large. 214-inch stove 1.00 Plain Standard, 2-inch stove 70 Little Wonder, l^^-inch stove 50 Bingham & Hetheriugton Honej'- Knife. .80 T.F. BINGHA9I,Abronia, ITIicll. 12 A Mention ttie Americati Bee JoumaZ. Qer^cral ti€n)s^ Lining Hives with Asbestos. On page 87 this question is asked, " Why not line hives with asbestos ?" In the win- ter of 1889-90 I lined seven hives with as- bestos, and have had them in use ever since March 2-1, 1890. and can see no advantage whatever; and the disadvantage is that it partially prevents the rays of the sun from penetrating the hive, consequently the bees build up less rapidly in the spring. My bees are all wintered in the cellar. Possi- bly there might be an advantage in out- door wintering, but it must be borne in mind that one experiment, even conducted over a series of five years, does not decide it absolutely. O. B. Barrows. Marshalltown, Iowa, All in Good Condition. I have 20 colonies of bees, all in good con- dition. W. C. Rose. Valley Falls, Kans., April 8. Working on the Maples. The top of the ground is as dry as fresh ashes for a few inches, then frost very deep. We need rain very much. Soft maples are ■in bloom, and the bees are working on them to-day. E. C. Wheeler. Marshalltown, Iowa, March 27. A Boy's Report on Bees. I am a boy 16 years old, and have 10 colo- nies of bees. They are in good condition. It has been a hard winter here for bees, though it is warm now. I have kept bees two years, and I like the business very well. I should like to hear from the rest of the boys. I like the Bee Journal very well. James E. Morgax, Dansville, Mich., March 24. Fine Weather— Wintered All Right. We have fine weather at present. Clover is in good condition. Bees are working on maple blossoms now. Next comes swamp willow, which blooms about April 1, lasts one week, and yields an abundance of honey and pollen. Then comes the wild flowers of all kinds. Along about the first of May we have fruit-bloom. Bees win- tered all right in this vicinity. Rickel. 111., March 37. J. F. Wirth. Trimming Sugar Maples for Bees, Last week we trimmed off a lot of twigs sprouting from the trunk of a sugar maple in our lawn, and were very much surprised, a few days later, to find that dozens of bees were constantly around the oozing sap, gathering honey. Here is a hint for bee- keepers. This is by far the earliest boney the bees can get, and it may pay to thus supply the industrious and busy insects. Geo. F. Evans. Martinsburg, W. Va., March 33. Bees Prefer Old Comb. Dr. MiUer, in Gleanings of March 15, in speaking of the query, " Do bees prefer new or old comb ?" says; "Here is a nut for the experiment stations." The Doctor may be right in the main, but as to a few of us, we have "been there" and cracked the nut for ourselves. By repeated obser- vations I have found that bees certainly prefer old to new comb. I run my bees mostly for extracted honey, and in placing the combs in the extracting supers, I alter- nate the old and new, and the bees inva- riably clean up and fill the old first. In scant flows, I have had them fill and cap the old, thus alternated, and not store any in the new. The queen also prefers the old Wash Dishes With the Faultless Quaker. No breaking, no cbippini;; no scalded fingers, noBoiled htindn, nodirtyclothea, no muss. You turn the crank, the [ machine does the ■ rest. SAVES .- Dishes, Time, Handb.Mohet, Patience. Sells at eight. Agents, both men and women wanted. Wecan gi?e you a profitable business, easy work, good pay. You will be doing woman- kind good and make happy wives and daughters by introducing the Faultless Quaker. Write now for agency terms The Quaker Novelty Co. salem, ohio. 1HA4 -Ui^iiiu'ii t^e Ai'iericau Bee Jtiumal. -SOUTHERN- Homeof tlieHoiiey-Bee Where you can buy Queens, as good as the best— Warranted Purely Mated, and guaran- teed free from Paralysis. From eitlier an Im- ported or a Straght 5-B. or Golden Mother— 75 cents each; 12 for$7.50. Tested, $1.00 each; 12for$9.00. After June 1st, 50 cents each; 12 for$4.00; Tested, 75 cents each, 12. $7.50. Goud Breedprs, $2.00 each; Straight 5-B. or " Faultless" Queens, $2.50 each. Bees, 75c. perib. Circular Free. Address, HUFSTCDLER BROS. 10A26 CLARKSVILLE, TEX. Meiitkni Oie A.nierican Bee Jourmu. For Sale or Exchange ! Lot of Miscellaneous Supplies, some new and some second-hand. Must be disposed of on account of removal. Write for what you want or for list of Goods. Will exchange for team, harness, buggv, or platform wagon, or offers, F. H. KICH.VRD!«ON, loASt LACLEDE, Linn Co., MO. GOLDEN BEAUTIES AND 3-Banded Italian-Also Silver-Gray Carniolan Queens Reared in separate yards. Italians warranted purely mated, all at same price. Untested, 75c. each; 5 or over. 10 per cent. off. Tested Italian, $1.00. Write for Catalog of Bee- Keepers' Supplies. Ci Bi BANKSTON, BurlisonCo.TeXAS. 13A Please mention the Bee Joornal. Promptness Is What Counts ! Honey -Jars, Shipping- Cases, and ev- I erything that bee-keepers use. Boot's I Goods at Root's l*rlce«, and the best shipping point in the country. Dealer in Honey and Beeswax. Cata- ir6TJastAve.WalterS. Ponder INDIANAPOLIS, IND. ilfe?itio7i theA.merlcan Bee Journal. Woodcliff Queens. I will send a Guaranteed 5-Banded Yellow Queen, bred from a Breeder selected from 1000 Queens (some producing over 400 lbs. of honey to the colony); or a 3-Banded Italian Leather-Colored Queen direct from a Breeder imported from Italy. Oct. '94— at 75c., and a special low price for a quantity. My secret is to sell an extra-large amount, which enables me to sell at low prices. Will run this spring 350 Nuclei— have 1 home and 4 out apiaries. Booklns: Orders Viovi— will begin shipping about May 1st. No Queens superior to my Strain. {S~ Send for Descriptive Catalogue and Testimonials, to WM. A. Selser. Wyncote. Pa. 272 THE AlVJERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 25, to the new, but her choice is not so marked as is the choice of the bees. I have reasoned that this choice of combs, especially by the bees, is instinctive. Bees winter best in old combs, and they seem to know this and store in them in prefer- ence to the new. H. F. Colem.\n. Sneedville, Tenn. Suffered from the Cold. Bees in our county (Huron) have suffered heavily from the continued cold. Hay, Ont., March 2tj. John Carrick. Wintered Very Well. Bees have wintered very well. I lost 3 colonies out of 01. As I write the bees sound as if it was summer. They are work- ing on chop — wheat and oats — that I feed them. I do not think it does them much good, but it keeps them busy and out of mischief, which goes a good ways this time of the year. They are not so apt to rob. I scarcely ever have them rob each other. We have had a very cold winter. It has been cold since the last of December, 1894. Mrs. a. a. Simpson. S warts, Pa., March 30. Worst Winter Ever Known. There is plenty of snow here at present. It was nearly zero weather several morn- ings the past ten days. The pleasant weather last fall was somewhat favorable for wintering bees, but the winter has been the worst ever known. Probably it will be the most disastrous through the northern part of the United States known be- fore in several years. Clover, etc., has wintered well. This will offset the bad win- ter, as less bees with plenty of forage is far better than many in a starving condition. Reniff, N. Y., Mar. 25. J. H. Andre. A Steady Honey-Flow in 1894. White clover for honey was a failure here last season, but with the blooming of bass- wood until frost there was a steady and uninterrupted flow. The market is now well supplied. Indeed, there is more honey in sight in commission houses than there was in October. It is almost without ex- ception attractive, and well crated, show- ing that bee-keepers are up with the times. January was a yery trying month on bees out-of-doors, and there has been consider able loss, but it is too early to report the season's loss yet. We are not out of the woods. John Morgan. Minneapolis, Minn., March 27. Bees in Continental Europe. After a prolonged stay in Sunny South- land, among the kind and friendly people of Kentucky and Virgiuia, we (Mrs. R. and I) left Staunton, Va., Feb. 21 for New York, where we embarked for Europe March 2. The voyage across the Atlantic Ocean in the French mail steamer •■ La Champagne " was uneventful, the company pleasant, and the accommodations excellent. We landed safely at Havre, and after a short stay pre- pared for a tour through France. The whole country we passed through is beautifully level and fertile, almost like a garden. In all the villages we saw on the way, bees are kept, and without exception in straw skeps, which are set up in open sheds. In districts where the honey-flow is short, but plentiful while it lasts, bees are generally not kept the whole year, as they would eat up the profits during the many idle months. They are bought by the pound in the early part of the season from parts more favorable to breeding and main- taining, and sulphurated when the honey- flow ceases. The income obtained from the sale of honey and wax is quite considerable, and but little skill, outlay and labor is re- quired. In France, Italy, Spain and other Catho- lic countries there is a great demand tor pure wax candles for ritual purposes, and the production of wax receives its atten- tion from the peasant bee-keepers, as well as the production of honey, especially as comb-building can go on during the more idle weeks preceding the honey-flow. And, after all, brimstoning, if so carried out as to cause sudden and painless death, is not quite so bad as exposing the bees to death by starvation or cold. However, I am against the sulphur pit, and many more ancient and modern apiarian, political, social and religious institutions, but be- lieve in putting the poor things, like wound- ed Chinese soldifers, out of misery when they can be put to no further use. An alternate system in vogue with some of the more intellignt bee-keepers is to con- fine the queen on a piece of comb in a cage so constructed as to allow working bees ad- mittance to her. This is done at the com- mencement of the honey-flow, and stops all increase for which at this stage no further usefulness exists; the bees engage their now most valuable time solely in gathering the sweet nectar instead of rearing brood, and the few bees remaining after the honey is taken can easily be united to some other colonies set apart for wintering. A. S. ROSENROLL. Aigle, Switzerland, March 23. Wintered Better than Ever. I have been waiting to see how the bees wintered before writing, so that I could tell the way I did it. As usual, I put the straw mats and cushions on top, but instead of leaving the main body of the hive on the bottom-board I raised it up and slipped un- der a super which was fixed in the follow- ing way: I took ten boards the length of the super and Jn inch thick, the depth of the super, and placed them equal distances apart, or as nearly under the frames themselves as I could. I did this because I thought it would keep the heat in better, and also keep it darker in the hive, and my bees have wintered better than they ever did before, although it has been one of the worst win- ters we have had. Besides this, they are encased by a glass-top shed, and are packed in leaves. The season is very backward here, the early flowers being a month behind that of last season. The bees were bringing in the first pollen yesterday. The prospects for a good honey-flow this season are fine. W. C. Briggs. Newton, Mass., April S. North Carolina Honey-Resources, Etc. I have had some inquiries about the honey-resources of this part of North Car- olina. Our bees are first stimulated to action by the bloom of the alders, from which they gather pollen the last of February or first of March. Next comes the bloom of the maples, from which our bees gather honey. I believe that the maple secretes a large amount of honey, but they bloom so early, while the days are so short and cool, that the bees cannot work much of the time. As a rule, our bees always get a good start from maple-bloom. Next comes the peach and apple bloom, the last of March and first of April: also the plum and cherry. These all produce honey, but we seldom get an.y surplus from them. Next, about May 10, comes the huckleberry and poplar bloom. The poplar is one of the best honey-producing trees that we have in this part of the country. About this time white clover begins to bloom. About May 20 the persimmon be- gins to bloom, and is a good honey-yielder. About June 20 sourwood begins to bloom and lasts for several weeks — at times a good honey-yielder, at others not so good. About this time cotton begins to bloom, and lasts until frost' yielding more or less honey all the time, but not euough at any time to get a surplus. Next comes the golden-rod, about Sept. 1, then about Sept. 20 the won- derful aster, which is a good honey-yielder, BEESWAX. We will jruarantec to get 28 cts. for all the Beeswax of llf^ht color or yellow, shipped to us for sale during the month of April, isg.'j, Ji Ai LAMUN| ' CHICAGO, ILL. 14A4 Please mention the Bee Journal. THE A. I. ROOT COS GOODS IN MISSOURI ;i2-page Catulogue Free. 4Atf Joliii Nebel iV Son, High Hill, Iflo. WHEN ANSWERING THIS ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAL. 10« Colonies RUBBER STAMPS OF BEES FOR SALE In lots to suit. Correspondence solicited. 13A4 C. H. DIBBERN, Milan, Ills. Meyitian the Amcrlcaii Bcc Journal. 100 BREEDING QUEENS We have got 100 very fliie Select Breeding Gray Carniolan Queens that we can ship b,v return mail for $3.50 each Don't fail to sent for our Free Descriptive Price-List of the GRAYCARNIOLANS.no Address, GOLDEN ITALIANS. F. A. LOCKHART A: CO., 1711 LAKE GEORGE, N. Y. Mention the American Bee Journal- Before buying send for Catalogue. MIRWAIK RIBBER STA.IIP HURKS, NdRW.llK, OHIO. WHEN Answering this advertisement, mention this journau BEES, QUEENS ..SUPPLIES We can furnish anything iu this line at bot- tom prices. Catalog Free. 1. J. STRimOHAIM, 103 Park Place, NEW YORK, N. Y. Mention the Anwriean Dee Jonrnal STILL IN THE LEAD. HILTON'S Cliaff Hives, T-Sii- ]>cr><. White Folisiicd SectioD§, FoiiiKlalion, Smolters, and ever- ylliiiig needed in liie Apiary. —Send for 1895 Catalog— GEO. E.HILTON, FREMONT, MICH. 11A13 MentUm the American Bee Journal. In-Door & Out-Door Brooders. 112 FIRST PREMIUMS. Send lor 114-page Illustrated Prairie State incubator Co- Homer City,' Pa. Mention the American UeeJmimaL THE ACCIDENTS OF LIFE Write to T. S. Ql'lNCEV, Drawer 156, Chicago, Secre- tary' of the Star Accident Company, for information regarding Accident Insur- ance. Mention this paper. By so doing you can save membership fee. Has paid over $600,000.00 for accidental injuries. Be your own Agent- NO MEDICAL E-XAMINATION REQUIRE^ 13AG Mention the American Bee Journal. Star^cident f(j0MPAte a spark of the divine aflBatus there, which is said to burn in the bosom of every born bee-keeper. I will be able to save 2(1 colonies, if the weather is no worse than the last two weeks. Mus. B. J. Livino.ston. Center Chain, Minn., March 31. Minnesota.— The rcKularseml-annualmeetr Ingot the Southern Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Association will be held on the first Monday In May, 189.5, at LaCrescent, Minn. All bee- keepers invited. E. C. Cobnwell, Sec. Winona, Minn. Illinois.— The spring meeting of the North- ern Illinois Bee-Keepers' Association will be held at the residence of H. W. Lee, in Pecaton- Ica, May 21, 1895. It will be held one week later if it is a stormy day. New Miltord, Hi. B. Kennedy. Sec. Connecticut. — The fourth annual meeting of the Connecticut Bee-Keepers' Association will be held at the Capitol, at Hartford, Wednesday, May 8, 1893. commencing at lOi.'lOa.m. All interested are invited. Waterbury, Conn. Mrs. W. E. Rilev, Sec. RUDY'S PILE SUPPOSITORY Is guaranteed to cure Piles and Constipation, or money refunded. .")0 cents per box. Send two stamps for eirculiir and free Sample to M A KTIN RUD Y. Registered Pharmacist, Lan- caster, Pa. No Postals Answered. For sale by all first-class druggists everj'where. Peter Van Schaack & Sons. Robt. Stevenson &C'o., Morrison. Plummer & Co., and Lord, Owen & Co.. Wholesale Agents, Chicago, Ills. Please mention the Bee Journal. Novl5 CataIog'iie!> f<>i- 1895 have been re- ceived at this office from the following : Mrs. A. A. Simpson, Swarts, Pa. E. Kretchmer, Red Oak, Iowa. W. H. Putnam, River Falls, Wis. J. W. Rouse & Co., Mexico, Mo. Leininger Bros., Ft. Jennings, Ohio. Hufstedler Bros., Clarksville, Tex. Walter S. Ponder. Indianapolis, Ind. Wm. H. Bright, Mazeppa, Minn. KinMos 'x.J.^VAV V— 4JLS3J.V1 aHj. oav3H noA 3AVH Honey & Beeswax Market Quotations. CHICAGO, III., Apr. 18.— The supnly of comb honey Is very light and looks as though all would be sold, unless It be some Calilornia that Is being spread upon the street. Best white comb brings 14c.; dark, 8@10c. Ex- tracted, 5'/4@7c., according to quality, body, flavor and package. Beeswax. a8@.30c. R. A. B. & Co. KANSAS CITY, Mo.. Apr. 18.— The demand for comb honey is light, and good for extract- ed. Wequote: No. 1 white comb. 1-lb , 14c.; No. 2, 12(ai:ic. ; No. 1. amber, ll@12c.; No.2. SOlOc. Extracted. 5(a6'^c. Beeswax, 22(a25c. C. C. C. & Co. CINCINNATI. O., Apr. 19.— Demand Is quiet for all kinds of honey, with a fair supply. We quote: Best white comb, 12@14c. Extracted 4@7c., according to quality. Beeswax Is in good demand at 25@rilc. for good to choice yellow. C. F. M. & S. CHICAGO, III.. Mar. 18.— Demand is good for all grades of honey excepting dark comb. Wequote: Fancy comb, 15c.; No. 1, 14c. Ex- tracted, o@6'4c. J. A. L. PHILADELPHIA, PA., Apr. 1. — Choice white clover honey Is getting very scarce at 14c, Dark and poorly filled sections. 8@10c. Demand is falling otT on extracted, prices ranging from 4ii@7c. Strictly pure white clover very scarce at 10c. Beeswjix arriving more freely and selling at 30@31c. W, A.S. NEW YORK, N. Y., Feb. 20. -We are gradu- ally workiug down our stock of comn honey, and the indications are that we will succeed in disposingof all of the white honey and pos- sibly allof the dark during the spring, at fol- lowing quotations: Fancy white. 1-lbs., 12c.; fair, 10c. ; buckwheat, 8@9c. The market Is well supplied with extracted honey. Demand is fair lor choice grades, while common stock is neglected. We quote: White clover and basswood, 5!4@6c. ; buckwheat. 5@5Hc.; Southern. 45@55c. per gallon, according to quality. Beeswax firm and in good demand at30@31c. H.B. &S. BUFFALO, N. Y.. Mar. 16.— The honey mai^ ket is getting quite well cleaned up here. We quote: Fancy, 13@14c.; choice, ll@12c.; buckwheat and commoner gr;ides. 7@8c. Ex- tracted is in very light demand here, and we would not advise shipments. B. & Co. SHIP ^^^^ Dried Fniit.s, or Yonr Butter. Eggs. Poultry .Veal.Beans, Potatoes, Hiden, Pelts, Wool, Hay, M^M^^Bi^^^^^Grain. Green aud Dried Fruit.s, or A.VYTHING YOU MAY HWE to us. Quick sales at the liigtiest market price and prouipt returns made. Write for prices or any liiformiUioii you may want_. SUMMERS, MORRISON ^ /ia" Commission Merchants, 174 South Water St., Chicago, 111. EEFEBKNCB-Metropolifan National Bank, cmcago, 6A13t Please mention the Bee Jounral. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers, Most of whom Quote In this Journal. Clilcago, IIlil. J. A. LamON, 43 South Water St. R. A. Bdrnett & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. Y. F. I. Sage & Son, 183 Reade Street. HILDRETH BeOS. & Segelken, 28 & 30 West Broadway. Chas. Israel & Bros.. IIO Hudson St. I. J. Strinoham, 105 Park Place. Kansas City, nio. C. C. Clkmoms & Co., 423 Walnut St. BnSalo, N. ¥. Batterson & Co., 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chab. Dadant & Son. Pbiladelptala, Pa. Wm. a. Selser, 10 Vine St. Cincinnati, Oblo. C. F. M0TH & SON, cor. Freeman & Central avs. Bee-Keeplng for Profit, by Dr. G. L. Tinker -Ueviaed and enlarged. It details the au- thor's •• new system, or how to get the largest yields of comb or extracted honey." 80 p. ; illustrated, ioc. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 275 EVERGREENS thatli're and grow is what yoa want. I sell them. Nursery grown trees, -65, 8 varieties, transplanted evercreena one foot and up, packed and on cars for $10.00. Greatest bargain ever offered. Smaller lotB cheap. Windbreak trees a specialty. Illustrated catalogue free. X-ocal Agents want«d. Mention paper. D. HILL, Evergreen Specialist, Dundee, 111. 9D3t Please mentiou the Bee Journal. E.L.Kincaid's Ad Notice to Bee-Keepers tL Dealers. I have one of the Largest and Best Equipped Factories in the West devoted entirely to the S^?,"nrsecnre°i Bee-Kecpcrs' Supplies. the right to manufacture the Improved Higgiiisvllle Hive Cover, I will place it on all Hives sent out this year, unless other- wise ordered. Send your name on a postal card at once, for Large Illustrated Catalogue and Price-List free, giving prices and full descrip- tion of the Improved Hive Cover, D. T. Hives, Sections. Frames, Supers. Crates. Boxes. E.x- tractors. Foundation, Smokers. Veils. Queen- Cages, Etc. E. L. KiNCAiD, Walker, MO, 7DSt Mtniion the American Bee Journal. ONE MAN WITH THE UNION ^°''iz^^''>^ Can do the work of four men using- hand tools, in Kipping, Cutting-off. Mi- tring. Rabbeting. Groov- ing.' Gaining. Dadoing, Edging-up, Jointinff Stuff, etc. Full Line of Foot and Hand Power Machinery. Sold on Trial. €alalo;?ue Free. SENECA FALI^S I?IFG. CO., 46 Water St.. SENECA FALLS. N. Y 2oI)l'J Mention the Amer^>"n Bee Joumat. FOR SALE CHEAP FOR CASH. 1 Colony Italian Bees in 10-frame Langstroth hive, $5.00; 2 or more. *4.00 each. Tested Italian Queen $1.00. Address, OTTO KI^KIIVOW, 122 Military Ave., DETROIT. MICH. BF.RKSHIHE. Chester White, ^Jersey Bed and Poland Cbioa J^PIGS. Jeraev, GQernaey acd ' Holsteia Cattle. Thoroughbred Sheep. Fancy Ponltry. Hunting _ and House Dogs, Catalogue. WTI AtlTHTCochrBDvllle. Chester Co.. Peiuia> ] Jl)26 Mention the American Bee Journal, Bee-Escaj) .>Ao— Stampeders. Cheap hut good. |)ra 8 els. each; 12— 7.5c.. postpaid. Queen - Catcher T.J^'f';'?, «j„ri; 25 cents each; 12. $2.50, postpaid. Instruc- tions with each. M. O. Office. Los Angeles. loDtf C, W. Dayton, Florence, Calif. •^^^^^^^^^^S^^^^^^^^» DEATH ■*^. to Potato Biigs.Currant Worm, Cabbaye Worm, Codlln Moth, Green Apliis, Rose SIurs and all kinds of plant lice BY USING THE DAVIS ■'^PRAYER. Waters your flowers and plants, saves time, saves the flowers, saves the fruit and makes you money. Our book on Fruit Machinery. Sprayers, Pumps, Cider Presses. &c Sent Free. Every gardener and fruit grower in the country should have it. Write at once to DAVIS-JOHNSON CO. 45 Jackcon St , CHICAGO, ILLS. ] 5 1> I ;i Mejition the American Bee Jo^imaL READERS or this Joarnal wbo write to any of oni advertisers, eltlier In ordering, or asking about tbe Goods offered, tvlU please state that they boxb *-be AdTerUsemeut In this paper. Question;) 'Box^ In the multitude of counsellors there is safety.— Pro V. 11-14. Feeding Up for tlie Fruit-Bloom Flow. Query 968.— My bees have abundance of frult.bloom, but are never strong enouprh to store apple honey in supers. How would it do for me to commence feeding very early, so as to get colonies as strong in fruit-bloom as they usually are in June f— Vermont. J. A. Green — I do not think it would pay. Mrs. L. Harrison — I would not recom- mend it. Rev. M. Mahin — My judgment is that it would not pay. Jennie Atchley — I don't think it will pay you to try this in your latitude. B. Taylor — I have not found it best to try to rear too many bees early in the spring. H. D. Cutting — You could not do it in Michigan, and I don't think you can in Vermont. Prof. A. J. Cook — Will there be enough time so you can get them as strong? Is it not too early ? Dr. C. C. Miller — It sounds very pretty in theory, but as a rule it doesn't pan out well in practice, I think. Mrs. J. N. Heater — Here the extra feed and trouble would be worth more than the fruit-bloom honey secured. Jas. A. Stone — I do not think it would work, for I have had strong colonies at that time, and still they gave no surplus. G. M. Doolittle — I do not think you can get them strong that way. Try one or two and report results in the Ameri- can Bee Journal. C. H. Dibbern — It is very difficult to get bees strong enough to store surplus as early as fruit-bloom time. I never succeeded in doing it. P. H. Elwood — Read the book called the " Blessed Bees." but don't try the experiment on very many colonies. You might get rich too fast. Eugene Secor — I doubt if it would pay. The honey obtained is not the best. And then is there not a gap after fruit-bloom? But you might try it and report. Dr. J. P. H. Brown — If there is a great interval between your apple-bloom and your chief honey source, I would not feed unless your orchards cover many acres. E. Prance — I don't think you can get your bees as strong by fruit-blossom time, by feeding, as tliey are in June. The weather is too cold for rapid breed- ing early in spring. Chas. Dadant &. Son — That is an ex- periment that might succeed, but there are some risks to run should the fruit- bloom pass in bad weather, and no other bloom come for several weeks. Wm. M. Barnum — This early feeding business is all right if done right: but it is a dangerous business for the inexperi- enced. As a rule, I wouldn't do it. If you commence early, it will start brood- rearing at once at a considerable in- creased speed ; then should you suddenly stop, and a cold spell came on, the bees will tear out all the brood started, and get in a condition that will retard them, when they should be making prepara- tions for a busy season. Don't attempt it unless they are starving. J. E. Pond— Try it and see. Y^ou may or may not make a miss of it. In any case you must be on the lookout for sudden changes, else the brood may be left uncovered and be found dead from the frost. W. G. Larrabee — If you feed too early in some warm spell you are liable to get more brood than your bees can cover, then get some cold weather and chill the brood, thus doing more hurt than you have done good. G. W. Demaree — It won't pay you. My bees have an abundance of fruit-bloom, but the weather so early in the season Is hardly ever steady enough to give the bees the opportunity to gather the nec- tar in quantity sufficient for breeding purposes. Emerson T. Abbott — I do not think it will pay to feed up for fruit-bloom. It is not best to feed too early, as there will be nothing for the bees to gather be- tween fruit-bloom and other honey- flows. Early feeding frequently causes the loss of many bees. R. L. Taylor — It can't be done that way in your climate. Let them enter the winter strong, and in the best con- dition otherwise, let them winter well, in the spring see that they have a super- abundauce of stores, and you have done the best you can for them. TAKE NOTICE I BEFORE placing your orders for SUP- PLIES, write lor prices on 1-Piece Bass wood Sections. Bee-Hives. Shipping - Crates Frames. Foundation, Smokers, etc. PAGE & LYON MFG. CO. NEW LONDON, WIS. "The Battle !s Not To The Strong Alone" If it were, we woultl win it just as we do now, for we stand ready to guarantee our fence to l)e the strongest of all wire fences made. We do not iisU you to tal;e anj'bodv's figures sr tables of tensile strength, but will ni;ike a bona flde test of the real article. On the 3'ihcr band, if ,a fence must be "vlfrllant," ■'active" and '"brjive," there is no use looking further than tlu; Pase. It's the only live fence. "Dead" ^i«lt wire fences are exempt. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO.,A(lrian,Mich. Mention Vie American bee journal. and 12c. per It), fur Extra Thin, when Wax is sent to me; and 1 wiil guarantee that there is no better made. Price-List and Samples free to all. Ang-nst Weiss, Hortonville, Wis. 15 A8 Menticn the American Bee Joumat "Si For Bee-Hives aud Supplies. CATALOGUE FKEE ON APPLICATION, yV. H. PUXISfAM, 16A4t KIVEK FALLS, Pierce Co. WIS, Mention the American Bee Journal. 276 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 25, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! It is alw;iys economy to buy the beet, espe- cially when tlie best cost no more tlian something not halt so good. OUR FAL- CON SECTIONS are acknowledged to be superior to any on the marijet. The same is also trucof our HIVES and BEE- KEEPERS' SUPPLIES, of which we make all modern styles. OUR PRICES will be found as low as those of any of our competitors, and in many cases low- er, and you are always sure of getting flrst-clHSS goods. We also publish THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER, a monthly magazine (Fifth year) at 50c. a year, in- valuable to beginners. Large illustrated catalogue and price-list free. Address, THEW.T.FALCOERMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. ^^- W. in. Gerrlsli. of East NottliiK- bani, N. H., is our Eastern agent. New England customers may save freight by pur- chasing of him. GOLDEN QUEENS From Texas. W£«:B.r,' as WL'll iis lor Beauty and Gentleness. 531^ Safe arrival and reasonable satisfac- tion guaranteed. Write for Price-List. Untested, Sl.OO— Tested, S1.50. XjISBON", Box 3 TEi2C 1 0 A36 Mention the American Bee Journal. J. D. 6IVENS I AEISE rpo SAY to the readera 1 of tbe BEE JOURNAL that DOOl^lTTIiE has concluded to boM — BKE8 and QUEENS— In their eeason, duriOK 1895, at thefoliowlnK prices : One Colony of Italians on 9 Gallup frames, in light shipping-box $7 00 Five ColonieB 3000 Ten Colonies 50 no 1 untested queen. 1 oo 6 " queens 5 50 12 " " 10 uo 1 tested Queen ... 1 1 5u 3 " Queens . 4 on I select tested queen 2 no 3 " " Queens 5 OC Selectlested queen, previous season's rearing . 4 00 Kitra Selected for breeding, the vkby best.. 6 00 About a Pound of BBBS In a Two-frame Nucleus. with any Queen, |2.00 extra. 1^" Circular free, giving full particulars regard- ing the Bees and each class of Queens. Address G. M. DOOLITTLE, 12A25t BORODINO. Onon. Co., N. Y. Mention Oic American Bee Journal WUTH'S HONEY EXTBACTOB PERFECTION Cold-Blast Smokers, Sqnare Glass Honey Jars, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son. Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O. Send lOo for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers. Mention the A.inerican Bee JrmmnL PateutsPeudiiigOniEfi in the manufacture of COMB FOUNDATION. Result— Lowest Prlce.s and Best Work. Wax Wanted. Price-Iiist and Samples Free. W.J. Fiiich,Jr.,Spritigfield, 111 Mention the American Bee Journal. Abbott's Space. 11^" Your hives came all right and went together well The "St. Joe" is a daisy. — Barnard, Mo. That " St. Joe " Hive ! Write for a Circular and Say How Many Hives You Will Need. Address, Eirierson T. Abhott, ST. JOSEPH, MO. Mention the American Bee Journal. BOl Bee-Feeders. We have a few of the Hill Bee-Feeders on hand.which we mail, prepaid. 2 for 40c. ( Oris by express for $1.50 —6 for 80c. We will send 3 postpaid with the Bee Journal for a year, for $1.25, or give two Feeders as a Premium lor sending us One New Sub- scriber to the Bee Journal, with $1.00. GEOBGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. Your Beeswax Exchanged UNTIli FlIKTHEK NOTIGE, we will allow 30 cents per pound for Good Tel- low Beeswax, delivered at our office— in ex- change for Subscription to the Bee Journal. for Books, or anything that we offer for sale In the Bee Journal. Tn thus exchanging, we cannot atford to allow any Club Rate prices. Always ship tbe Wax by Express, and pre- pay the charges: also put your name and address on the package to avoid mistakes. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., - CHICAGO, ILLS ^^^^^ Seventeen Years Ago «*** Dadant's Foundation Was first offered for sale. The following parties keep it in stock and have kept it for years for sale. Why ? Because they want to handle only the best j^oods, and they say they get the best goods when they buy Dadant's Foundation. Thomas G. Newman, ChicaKO. IUb. C. F. Muth & Son. Cincinnati, Ohio Chas. H. Green, Waukesha, Wis. Chas. Hertel, Freebure. Ills. E. Kretchmer. Red Oak, Iowa. Jos, Nysewander, I>ea Moines. Iowa. G. B. Lewis Co.. Wiitertown, Wis. James Reynolds KlevatorCo., PouRhkeepsie. N r. Page & Lyon. New London, Wis. La. Bee-Keepers' Supply Co., Donaidsonville, La. E. F. Quigley, Uniunville, Mo. I G. K. Hubbard. Fort Wavne. Ind. L. Hanssen, Davenport, Iowa. C. Theilmann, Theilmanton, Minn. E. C. Eaglesfleld. Berlin, Wis. Walter 8. Pouder, Indianapolis, Ind E. T. Abbott, 8t. Joseph, Mo. J. M. Jenkins. Wetumpka, Alabama John Key, Bast Sajjinaw, Mich. J. W. Bittenbender, Knoxville, Iowa. Vickerv Bros., Kvansville, Ind. Mrs. Jennie Atchlev. Beeville, Texas. Is not such a steady trade a proof of real merit in the soods we sell *? We also make a specialty of Veils and Veil Stuflf^ of best quality. Beeswax Wanted at All Times. Bee-keepers' Supplies, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails, etc. Samples of Foun- dation and Xulle FREE with circular. Instructions to beginners with circular. Send us your address. CHAS. DADANT & SON, Mention the American Bee Journal. HAMHiTON, Hancock Co., ILI.. OUR SIX GREAT LEADERS They are All Superb in / ROOT'S POLISHED SECTIONS. ROOTS DOVETAILED HIVES. COWAN EXTRACTORS. CRANE AND CLARK SMOKERS. ROOT'S FOUNDATION. \ GLEANINGS IN BEE-CULTURE. Thirty-six-page Catalog free, telling all about these and our other Goods. Address, MenMcm the Aiiwncan Bee Journal. The A. I. ROOT CO., mcdina, O. and PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. J^aT" " SStli Year. CHICAaO, ILL., MAY 2, 1895. No. 18. Coj;)tributed /V^iclcs^ On Important ^\j>inrian Su1)j&cts, The Bees for the Harvest. BY FRANK BENTON. In the colder portions of our country each colony of bees as ordinarily brought through the winter will be found during its early spring flights to contain only a small part of the adult workers necessary to take fair advantage of any honey- yield that is to follow. If an important honey-flow occurs early in the season it is impossible to secure the full advantage of it. The bees to gather the honey are lacking. The young workers do not normally, even though honey be plentiful in the flowers, enter the field as gatherers before they are about two weeks old ; adding to this the three weeks required for the development from the laying of the egg to the appearance of the imago or perfect insect, we see that all eggs to produce workers for a given harvest must be laid five weeks or more before that harvest begins. But as the amount of brood which may be developed at one time in a hive is to a great extent limited not alone by the fecundity of the queen, but also by the supply of food, the number of bees to cover the brood, and the temperature about the brood-nest, it is evident that the five weeks required to get one generation of bees ready for the field will not suflice to render the hive suitably populous for a given harvest. It is not at all difficult to have queens whose fecundity is even greater than the ability, early in the spring, of any colony to care for their eggs and devel- oping larvfe and pupa;. Nor will the careful bee-keeper neg- lect the second point mentioned and let the colony lack for food. But the other conditions which limit the increase of population are not so easy to meet. We may bouse our bees or pack warmth-retaining material about the brood-nests so as to keep the temperature moderately warm and as even as possible, and may thus favor brood-rearing. But we find practically that the only way to secure the desired number of bees in each hive for a given harvest is to see that brood-rear- ing is going on at a rapid rate some time previous to the five weeks' limit noted. In other words : three weeks or more must be added to this period in order to produce workers in sufficient numbers to care for the main brood which is to de- velop into the field-bees for the given harvest. Thus our hives, all of which contain at the opening of the spring compara- tively few bees besides those which went into winter quarters and which therefore are too old to avail much as gatherers, must, in proportion to the bees they contain, be well stocked with brood eight to ten weeks before the opening of the honey- flow. Moreover, this brood-rearing should be kept lip without interruption as long as it is expected that the workers can be utilized in the given flow. White clover being, in our middle latitudes, an important yield which usually begins early in June, it follows from the above that our hives must bo well stocked with brood toward the end of March. It has been argued by many whose experi- ence it has always seemed to me should have taught them better, that early brood-rearing was disadvantageous; some perhaps merely for the sake of the notoriety to be gained by being quoted as differing from the majority — have even gone so far as to say that brood-rearing should not be begun before May 1 in our northern States. It is plain from the facts stated above, that such a plan could only contemplate the securing of a crop of honey in July or later, and would lead to great disappointment in localities whose main honey-flow comes earlier and where no midsummer or fall yield occurs. But in most localities in these States there are, aside from these later yields, usually two good honey-flows before mid- summer— namely : that from fruit-blossoms and that from white clover just mentioned ; while in some places a third yield is added — that from tulip trees {Lirlodendron lulipifera) called in some localities poplar and in others whitewood trees. Where these occur there is no reason why the full advantage from all of them should not be taken, yet I venture that not Dr. J. P. H. Brown, A%igushi, On. — Sec pages 284 and 285. one bee-keeper in 'twenty realizes how far he is from fully utilizing these earlier honey-flows — especially that from fruit- bloom. When we are obliged to take time after the middle or latter part of April to develop strength in a colony in order to have it ready for a harvest, the early lioney-flow passes with no return beyond what it furnishes toward building up. Successful wintering is t)ien the first essential toward secur- ing the full advantage from an early honey-yield. And by successful wintering I mean that the colonies ought to reach the earlier honey-yield in condition to take full advantage of it, i. e., in such condition as regards numbers and health as they are ordinarily found after this early yield has passed. Let us see what course Nature pursues in preparing her willing subjects — the honey-bees — to pass successfully the or- deal of winter and enter upon a season of prosperity. Per- haps we can profit by imitating the plans of the ancient dame who is supposed to have been wise even in the long-ago ages when our remotest ancestors were but inert molecules. As a matter of fact strong colonies of bees located in hol- low trees or in log gums or box-hives, and whose combs are. therefore undisturbed in their natural arrangement, if well 278 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May . provisioned, and so constructed as to be fairly protected from extremes of weatiier, to permit tlie escape of surplus moisture while at the same time retaining during the ('older portions of the year as much as possible of the natural heat generated by the bodies of the bees, are, barring natural accidents or pro- visions having no connection with the above-named conditions, (ilwityn in excellent condition on the opening of spring and ready to fulHIl the double work for which they were created, namely : 1st, the pollenizing of blossoms to the end that more and better fruits and seeds should be borne; and, 2nd, the collection and elalioration of a valuable sweet. I say alwaux in cxecUent contJltiiin, (or, \l the cojiditions named above are present, the colony will withstand our coldest winters without freezing ; nor will it starve if well provisioned, for that im- plies an abundance of good stores suitably disposed for the bees to reach them during any kind of weather ; nor will in- clement weather cause the colony to become diseased as long as the bees and their habitation are dry. Colonies in frame hives can be put into practically the same condition as those box-hive colonies. I have taken as examples above : indeed, if we fully understand those conditions we can be more sure with frame than with box hives that they are uniformly and exactly complied with. Some one might argue that even when the preparation of the bees for their most trying season is left wholly to Nature, such conditions are not always established by our good mother as to most favor the bees. They die. Admitted. Yet this by no means controverts what I have just claimed, for Nature, in working out her laws, purposely sets certain destructive forces over against our protegees. She looks well to all her crea- tures, and only exceptional merit will cause her to letone kind flourish to the exclusion of others — so nicely is the balance adjusted. And if no checks had been provided the bees would soon have overrun all. Perhaps a study of these same natural agencies which are set as a limit to bee-life will also be a good lesson — will show us what we must fight constantly and what to avoid. In a state of nature we find colonies that go into winter with queens decrepit — either prematurely or after years of good service, rendering them unable at the most critical period — late winter and early spring — to keep up the population of the hive, or again repeated swarming may have unduly reduced their numbers ; such weak colonies may not be able to keep up suiBcient heat to drive off the moisture surrounding the cluster; it gathers and trickles down over the combs and bees rendering their food sour and themselves unable to with- staud a low temperature. The soured food is sure to bring on dysentery if the bees are confined to it for any length of time, or the dampness of the bees themselves combined with chill- ing of their bodies will produce the same effect. Or again, an unfavorable season has prevented their securing an abundance of stores, or what they may have obtained is perhaps not so located that severe weather will find them able to reach it. Or the bees may have failed to find the most suitable habitation, such as would properly protect them from inclement weather and permit evaporation without great loss of heat, yet give them pure air. All such causes, unaided by man, combine to exterminate thousands upon thousands of colonies every win- ter. And man, with his interference in the brood-chamber of the colony, and in the surrounding conditions is often another destructive agency. I cannot give here at length the details as to the plan of wintering which has resulted from the foregoing considera- tions together with my success and failures of over a quarter of a century — much of the time in very cold climates. The principle is, however, simple, and all who will may apply it. Indeed, it is nothing but what all have been trying to do, namely: to keep the bees warm and dry, furnish them with good food always accessible, and with pure air. This can be carried out either in-doors or out-doors, but cellar-wintering or wintering in special repositories introduces into the prob- lem the possibility of complications, and for the majority, therefore, I feel sure the out-door plan is best. For the North, however, all of the ordinary single-walled hives are, for this purpose, an abomination, and not to be tolerated at all. Most of the double-walled hives should be put in a category near to those just mentioned. The brood-combs upon which the bees are to be wintered, and which contain the winter stores, should be surrounded closely on all sides, above, and below, with six or more inches (according to severity of climate) of porous, yet warmth-re- taining material — woolen goods and newspapers are best ; there must be several inches of space between the material that is over the bees and the roof of the hive, and this space must be freely ventilated ; but not a drop of water must be allowed to reach the packing from outside the hive ; the combs must be six or more inches above the bottom packing ; the en- trance or flight-hole must be wide, so as to give ample lower ventilation, and, where it reaches the alighting-board, prefer- ably ten inches below the bottoms of the combs ; between the latter and the fiight-hole there should be a screen to prevent drafts of air from rushing against the combs; the food should be well-ripened honey or properly-made syrup, and either case a plentiful supply — stored mostly above the cluster of bees ; hence if frames of the Langstroth shape are used, they should be on end for the winter; it is best to have a good supply of pollen in the combs ; vigorous queens and plenty of bees bred the latter part of the active season are essential. The colony is to be put into this condition before severe freezing, and not disturbed after that, if the best res\ilts are expected, until settled and moderately warm spring weather has returned. As the apple-bloom comes in May, stimulative feeding for this harvest may commence in March. At that time the bees will have been breeding for over a month, and gentle stimu- lation with thin food at night, without permitting any loss of heat and without manipulation nor disturbance, will not in- duce flying out during unseasonable weather. The stores in the combs being ample, brood-rearing will go on apace, and api)le-blossoms will find us ready with the bees for the harvest. — Read at the Indiana State Bee-Keepers' Convention. Washington, D. C. A Butich of Very Short Kinks. BY J. S. SCOTT. Ant Preventive. — A string kept saturated with coal-oil and tied around the hive will prevent ants from nesting under the cover. Section-Holder Rests. — Tin rabbets are the best rests for section-holders. Capping Honev. — A queen whose bees cap the honey so it has a watery appearance should be superseded by one whose bees cap the honey white. Cotton-Waste for Smoker Fuel. — After four years' trial, I find refuse cotton-waste from the car-shop the best fuel for the smoker. Fifty Better than a Hundred. — Fifty colonies of bees well managed will make more money (with less labor) for their owner than 100 colonies carelessly handled. Equalizing Colonies. — A good way to equalize the strength of colonies of bees in the spring is to change the hives around. A Beginner's "Kink." — A modest beginner in apicul- ture in Utah has discovered a plan by which a queen-trap can be placed at the entrance of the hive which will catch the queen and allow the bees to pass out through the trap, but on their return they pass directly into the hive without having to go through the perforated zinc. Springville, Utah. Bottom vs. Upward Ventilation of Hives. BV DR. A. S. MARTIN. Bees spare neither time, pains nor material in the effort to make their hive perfectly close in all its parts, except the entrance. If permitted to have their own way, they, with this exception, invariably close every opening that can give vent to the air of the interior of their abode. This fact 1 re- gard as very significant — one of the many beautiful instances which we observe of the subserviency of irrational instinct to intelligent design. What, then, is here the design of Nature ? If I err not, it is to give them perfect control, that they may regulate at will the temperature and ventilation. Why should we thwart Nature, and rob them of this control ? How is it possible for us to adjust the supply of air to their needs ? How can they be comfortable in a flue ? Experience has taught us that in cold climates the hive should have frost-proof roof and walls. Why has not observation taught ere now that its in- terior should be a dead air space — that both roof and walls should be absolutely impervious to air ? The external air cannot of itself enter such a hive as ihis, lioivever ample the entrance, unless the entrance be exposed to strong currents. Upward ventilation seems to be founded upon the preva- lent notion that bees hibernate, or are helplessly dormant during cold weather. You may catch them asleep, 'tis true. But they are as easily awakened as an infant, and are never all asleep at the same time. Place your ear against a hive at any time, and be convinced. Rap upon it and note the quick re- sponse. Dead silence is evidence of starvation, or total de- moralization. Did it ever occur to you that there is a mean- 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 279 ing in this constant buzzing ? Why are they thus constantly vibrating their wings ? I have subjected them to upward ven- tilation when the mercury stood at 10^ below zero. I could distinctly hear the noise they made at a distance of 30 feet. They had over their heads a woolen cloth and a chaff cushion four inches thicU-. I am confident there was no sleeping done in that hive for a week. I have lifted a comb from the mid- dle of the cluster into the air at 15'^. A few would fly and perish in half a minute. The others gathered into dense struggling masses, the outer ones vibrating their wings rap- idly without extending them, and forcing their way as rapidly as they could to the interior of the mass. Now this is just what takes place in your ventilated hive. Bees need, and should have, repose in winter. But do you think that if you were a bee, you could sleep a wink with somebody all the time scrambling over, orrooting and scratch- ing under you, and pulling the cover off ? The evil is greater or less, if the ventilation is more or less restrained. The air of the hive — at least a portion of it, bearing with it the warmth — escapes through your sacking and packing. A strong colony may not seem to miss it, but a weak one has no heat to spare. It is expensive to the former, disastrous to the latter. In a close hive, there are at all times agencies sufficiently potent. The descent of the carbonic acid gas, generated in the act of respiration, compels the' ascent of an equal bulk or volume of atmospheric air right into their midst. They can pump up more if they need it. This gas bears with it most, if not all, of the redundant moisture of the hive. What use have they, then, for your absorbents? They abhor them as much as they do a flue, as is proven by the way they varnish everything about them. Avr is the propa- absorbent of the moisture of tlie hive. Bees use it extensively in summer to ripen their honey, and for other purposes. Why should it be thought that they cannot, if need be, use it in winter ? Bees can and do regulate the temperature and ventilation perfectly in a close hive in both summer and winter, granting them free access to the external air. But they lose this control in any other. " Let us hear the conclusion of the whole matter." Let your hives be so constructed, or protected, that there shall be no danger of frost penetrating, or of condensation of moisture from cold, in their interior. Let their sides and tops be im- pervious to air, their bottoms admit the air freely — abund- antly. In other words, let your hive be a warm, frost-proof, inverted cut-de-snc — a dead air space, in which it shall be im- possible for currents of air to exist, save such as the bees themselves create — they haviug full liberty, and ability, by reason of unrestricted access to the external air, to ventilate the hive as they see fit. Trust them. They will do it wisely. Give plenty of air to your bees, but do not by upward ventila- tion give your bees to the air. Roanoke, Va. Scarlet Clover — Trifolium lucarnatum. BT J. COLBY SMITH. Seeing several items in the Bee Journal, some of which are misleading, I will endeavor to put them straight, as re- gards the cultivation of scarlet clover. While traveling in the Southern States I saw fields of the cotton-plant in bloom — to my mind it was the most handsome plant I had ever seen in cultivation. I had not seen scarlet clover, with the field covered with its crimson carpet, and the S-banders robbing it of its nectar. It certainly is " a thing of beauty." As the old saying goes, " Handsome is that hand- some does ;" if not disputed, scarlet clover will fill the bill. It is an annual, can be sown in corn at the last working, in the tomato field, in the peach, pear, plum or apple orchard, by itself, but best of all places is with buckwheat. I have never known it to miss with it. Sown year after year with buckwheat, the soil gains in fertility. Once plowing does for both crops. It is the first clover to bloom, and is a number one honey-plant. You can cut it for hay, but it being very sappy, it takes it a long time to cure. Fed green, it cannot be sur- passed by any plant with which I am acquainted. A great plant for soiling, it also makes good ensilage. If cut early, it blooms again, or, rather, if cut before it blooms, it grows up and blooms later. Scarlet clover produces as much per acre as red clover, and when cut for seed, from three to ten bushels per acre. The cutting for seed must be done (to bring the best results) in damp weather or in the night. I cut with a self-rake reaper. This machine is used by all the seed-growers here. As to sowing in the spring, it is not a success here — the weeds outgrow it at the start and choke it out. On clean land it would be all right, and would bloom in September. It will not grow with wet feet — it requires dry land, and will grow in any soil that is well drained. It is a great success in New York, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Pennsylvania, and pleases the growers and the bee-keepers. We have had zero weather the past winter, also in 189.3. I have 30 acres that is looking fine. Sow 10 pounds of seed to the acre, and cover it. As it is generally sown in dry weather, or rather when the ground is dry, a depth of one or two inches won't hurt it. Now for the honey-farm : Sow scarlet clover with buck- wheat, Alsike next, or on wheat, or with oats. The bees get the scarlet first, Alsike second, buckwheat third, etc. Now if you have any land left, sow sweet clover. If any subscribers have any questions to ask concerning this matter, I shall take pleasure in giving the desired infor- mation. In that way I may in a measure repay for the useful advice I have received from them through the columns of the valuable American Bee Journal. Willow Grove, Del. Proposed Tieriug of Brood-Frames for Winter. BY .J. A. GOLDEN. That's a good article on page 166, by Charles Dadant. His theory is so explicit that it will be hard to confute. On page 179, Mrs. Durbin asks for information in regard to her proposed plan, by placing four frames above each other, and fill the vacant space with cushions. My answer is that it would not be advisable, for several reasons, of which I men- tion one or two, that you may study them. 1st, in putting the bees up for winter, you break the brood-clusters, and that is a serious mistake just at that time of year. 2nd, causing about two inches of wood and air-space between the upper and lower combs — a very objectionable feature. So I wouldn't advise you to try the experiment, but will tell you what you can test, and will result satisfactorily so far as wintering, breeding up quicker, and surplus is concerned, but not so easily handled as the dovetailed hive or frames. Have a hive made thus : Inside measure, hive body, length, 15J-3 inches, width 13j^, depth 13. Take nine dove- tail or Langstroth frames and cut the top-bar 16 U' inches, bottom-bar 14 inches, end-bars 12?t<. Nail up snugly, put a 3-inch starter in each frame, place the frames in the hive, put the hive where you want it to stand, and call this your experi- ment hive ; ask your husband to give you the first swarm that issues (and I think he will smilingly grant the request), and hive them in yonr experiment hive. Then when those frames are filled with combs, honey and brood, lift one out, and you can see at a glance what Mr. Dadant has been trying to make plain in his discussion on the winter problem ; also you will see in this frame all of the advantages of a deep frame over the shallow, after you have tested one winter; and don't for- get to note the difference in the spring, between it and other colonies, in building up rapidly. This hive requires a super holding 24 4j^x4}< sections. The top is made hood-fashion, with a small cleat nailed on the inside, which rests on the hive-body when the hood cover is put on, thus letting the hood project down all around, so that no water can get into the hive. This hive gives you nearly the same capacity of brood-comb as the 10-frame Langstroth size. It is my opinion that the day is not far dis- tant when there will be a revolution in regard to size and shape of hives. Reinersville, Ohio. Mortality Among the What Shall We Bees — Empty Combs, Do With Them? BY WM. S. BARCLAY'. From personal observation in my locality, as well as from general reading gathered from widely extended sections of our country, I very much fear that the winter of 1894-95 will be looked back upou as one which caused great disaster to the interests of our bee-keeping public, if not the entire ex- tinction of many heretofore prosperous apiaries. In my location (western Pennsylvania) I feel safe in as- serting that at least 80 per cent, of all the bees have died — in some instances whole apiaries have been wiped out, and empty hives and empty combs attest the loss, and are sorrow- fully piled up as a monument to our deceased industrious little workers. Empty combs, did I say? With us, it has been our good, or bad, fortune to have many combs at least one-third filled with honey, and now, fellow bee-keepers similarly sit- uated, I will try to tell how to use these combs to the best advantage. It would appear proper, however, at first, that a cause 280 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 2, should be assigned for this great mortality among our bees. With us it is not certainly chargeable to intense cold weather, as about the lowest range of the thermometer was from 5 to 8- below zero, while in previous winters the register showed as low as 16 to 2li ' below zero, but always a change within three days to as high as 15 or 20-' above. I assert that the cause of mortality was, first, humidity (the greatest evil), and second, the long rantiHued low lcinpcror»ata— the real " giant bees of India"— Mr. Frank Benton writes about in a yery interesting article in the April American Bee-Keeper. Mr. Benton has had personal and practical experience with these bees in their native land, and thinks they ■would prove of great value if introduced into this country. He says: " I know they gather quantities of fine honey and produce excellent wax." He thinks the United States Government should investigate these bees and experiment vpith tbem, with a view to their introduction and use in the subtropical portions of our country. ■*-^-*' Ml-. McEvoy, the well-known foul-brood exterminator of Ontario, Canada, is thus spoken of by the editor of Gleanings : Foul-Brood Inspector Wm. McEvoy, it appears, has done some pretty thorough work in eradicating foul brood in Ontario. If he continues in office (as we hope he will) the disease will soon be a thing of the past for Canada. Everv State on this side should have at least a foul-brood law. While it is improbable that we should be able to get a State appropriation to defray the expense of an inspector, we should have the law, so that it may be used in case of emergency. Yes, every State should have a foul brood law, and probably if the bee-keepers of each State would organize and work for it they would get it. It is surely worth attempting. The Wisconsin Bee-Keepers' As.sociation, the past winter, has been urging their State Legislature to pass a foul-brood law. but I have not as yet heard the result. Probably it will be known soon. 'I'lie Soiitliorn ■>«-partiiieiit of the American Bee Jour- nal, beginning with this week, will be in charge of Dr. J. P. H. Brown, of Augusta. Gs,, in place of Mrs. Jennie Atchley. The publishers have deemed it best to make this change. Dr. Brown has contributed largely to the literature of bee. culture, and has answered queries ever since the beginning of tliat department in the Bee Journal, so his name is quite familiar to all its readers. He is well known in the South, and is fully acquainted with the condition and needs of bee-culture in that portion of our great country. All who desire to ask any questions on bee-keep- 'ing in the South, will please send them direct to Dr. Brown, and he will answer them promptly in the •■ Southern Department " of the American Bee Journal. As you will see by reading his ■■ Salu- tatory ' on page 2S.">. he wishes to begin at once to try to elevate the standard of Southern bee-culture to a higher plane, and invites all who can and will do so, to cooperate with him in the work. For the benefit of our newer readers, I will give here some- thing personal concerning Dr. Brown. He was born and reared on a farm in Carroll county, Slaryland. Like many country boys, he worked in summer and went to a common country school in winter, until he was 1() years old. when he attended an academy in his native town. He afterwards took a course in natural sciences and mathematics at the Wistern Liberal Institute in Marietta, Ohio. After leaving the Institute, he studied medicine, but mechanism being a ruling passion, he took up dentistry as a medi- cal specialty. He migrated to Georgia in 1S59. Dr. Brown's commencement as a bee keeper dates back to childhood. His father kept bees in the old box-hives, and his earliest recollections is the cry of ''Bees swarming I" and the usual thumping on a tin-pan to settle them. In 1870 he adopted the movable-frame hive, and introduced into his apiary the Italian bee. In ISTi he began to import queens direct from Italy, and to breed them. As a queen-breeder. Dr. Brown has worked for a beltei- bee ; and to secure this object he has brought to bear all the science, skill and detail that he possesses. Probably the foregoing will suffice as a more formal introduc- tion of Dr. Brown to the Bee Journal readers. Now get better ac- quainted with him by writing him as he requests on page 385. Mr. Cbi-islier Cariiiiin, the prominent bee-keeper at Jefferson, Wis., and well known throughout the country, died at his home on Saturday, April 20, 1895. The American Bee Journal extends to the bereaved family sincerest sympathy in their sorrow. A more extended notice will be given later. Xlie B«'siiiiiei- in bee-keeping is apt to think that his in- terests are sadly neglected in most bee-papers these days. But if he will stop to think how very often, in all probability, the rudi- ments of bee-keeping have been gone over in every bee paper, he will at once see that it would be utterly impossible, and also almost useless to occupy space with what the majority have read until they are sick and tired of it. Of course, there must be, of neces- sity, some repetition, but bee-papers are published for the ad- vanced pupils fully as much as for the ABC class. No beginner in bee-culture should think of going ahead with- out possessing one or more of the standard books on bee-keeping. This should be read in connection with oue or more of the bee- papers. Then, any question arising that cannot be answered by referring either to the book or the paper, should be sent at once to the publisher of one of the periodicals taken on the subject, who will answer it in print, if thought of sufficient general interest. For that very purpose the departments of "Questions and An- swers '' and the " Question-Box " are sustained in the American Bee Journal. But no matter if jou take a dozen bee-papers, be sure to have one or more of the best text-books on the subject. You will thus have the concentrated experience of experts to compare with your own. and at the same time have the bee-papers to inform you of new and helpful ideas and inventions. A ♦"<>i-i-e«-li«»ii.— On page 172 I announced the death of Mr. Geo. Neighbour, a bee-supply dealer in England. It was Henry Neighbour who died recently, George having died some 40 years ago. Mr. Henry N. was not a bee-man at all, but his brother Alfred, who also died some years ago, was the bee-keeper and author of an apiarian book. The firm of Geo. Neighbour .& Sons is now extinct so far as the Neighbours are concerned. The only relative was a sister who died the same day that Mr. Henry N. passed away. *-—» A II C of ltoc-('iiItiii-c — We have some of these books left, and in order to close them out quickly, we renew the low offers we made on them. This is the tine cyclopedia of bee-keeping by A. I. Root, containing 400 pages and nearly 300 engravings. The regular price is .fl.So. but we will send the American Bee Jour- nal one year and the "ABC" bound in cloth — both for only ?!1.S0; or the parchment cover (very heavy paper) "A B C" and the American Bee Journal one year — both together only .$1.50. ;\ot SI llee Sloi-y. — The kangaroo is said to have gotten its name in this way : Captain Cook first discovered the animal in Australia. When he inquired its name of a native the latter re- plied, " Kan-ga-roo," which, in the Australian language is, " I don't know." Dr. Miller might say " Kan-ga-roo," for a change. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 285 /Vrr^Ofjg tl^e Bee-Papers Conatiated liy " GLEA.j>fER." SACALINE PRONOUNCED A FRAUD. The Nebraska Queen contains a card from Prof. C. E. Bessey, of the University Experiment Station, denouncing the new plant Sacaline in unqualified terms. He obtained seed from the introducer in France, as also roots. "The seeds made a feeble growth and eventually came to nothing, but the roots grew into strong plants Some of the stems were as thick as my little finger, and about as palatable as dry buck- wheat straw. The leaves are coarse and unlike anything which stock will eat. I should as soon expect to see an ordinary horse or cow eat dock and sunflowers as this coarse, weedy plant." WIDTH OF SECTIONS. B. Taylor having advocated in Gleanings the use of nar- rower sections, N. D. West, who successfully manages SCO or 400 colonies, makes reply. He tried sections 1?^ by the thousand side by side with iho.'ie 1% wide. The same weight of honey cost more in sections and foundation, and he could get no more per pound when he sold it. He says : " If I sold the honey in the 1% section from the 100 colonies for 10 cents per pound, I should have more money than by using the 1% section, and selling the honey at 11 cents per pound." ARRANGEMENT FOR WEIGHING HIVES. Referring to page 229, if h. G. Cash will try the spring balance, he will find he can make a great deal quicker work than with steelyards. One can be had weighing SO pounds. Those who have cleats on thoir hives will not need to put four screw-eyes in the corners of the bottom-board. The rope simply passes around the cleat at each end. PROLIFIC QUEENS — GRANULATED SUGAR — MILLER FEEDER. Mr. Davenport says on page 231, "The most prolific queens are not the best in many cases." I don't dispute that, but why does he give us no liglit beyond the bare assertion ? Why did he kill that queen that " was prolific and equal to at least 10 frames ?" He says, " When I feed sugar I use the bsst granulated." What is the " best," and how is it distinguished ? Across the sea they object to sugar made from beets and say it is not fit for bees. On this side I think it is generally claimed that beet or cane is all the same. Can we know anything about it, or is there no way of finding out? Is granulated sugar adulterated? Mr. Davenport uses the Miller feeder. In using it I find difficulty in getting out the bees when I shift it from one hive to another. Will he please tell us how he gets out the bees ? SEALING HEATED HONEY. Along with the item on page 338, " Keeping extracted honey Ii*iuid," it would be well to have the accompanying cau- tion— "A little too much heating will ruin the honey." There are some who like the flavor of cooked honey, but for most tastes cooked honey is spoiled honey. And if honey is heated to be sealed, the heating must be exceedingly slow, and five out of every ten will overheat it. THE VALUE OF BEE-PAPERS. "Of all those in my vicinity who have kept bees, and have taken no bee-papers, I cannot think of one who has not failed; while those who have taken a journal have nearly all succeeded. I think this needs no comment." — H. R. Board- man in Gleaning^ j DRUGS FOR FOUL BROOD. Across the sea reports are made from time to time of cures through this or that drug, but on this side the water few will be found to contradict the assertion that drugs are of no use to cure foul brood. F. L. Thompson comes to the de- fense of drugs in Gleanings, not so much in the way of cure as prevention. The formula is: Carbolic acid 1, salt 3, water 295. C. J. H. Gravenhorst, an eminent German authority and editor of the German Illustrated Bee Journal, says in Glean- ings that he uses "not the refined article you get at the drug store in the shape of white crystals, but black and unrefined carbolic acid, which is intermingled with coal tar, and mostly used as paint. Refined carbolic acid is too strong, and the sanative power of the coal-tar is absent in it To guard my bees against infection by foul brood, I take }4 gallon ralu water, add to it a teaspoonful of unrefined carbolic acid, and stir it. With a brush, dipped in this solution, I wash the bot- tom-boards every spring, after the first cleansing llight." HOG SCENT TO PREVENT STINGS. In Gleanings, Rambler reports W. M. Cole as saying : 'If you get the scent of a hog on your hands or clothing, it is the best of preventives to bee-stings. Smokers! wouldn't have one around. .Inst step over into the pen and rub your hands on the old sow's back, and you will have apifuge enough to last half a day." It would also be economy of food to leave your hands unwashed when you came to dinner. UPWARD VENTIL.'i.TION WITH A VENGEANCE. Thaddeus Smith relates in Gleanings that in Kentucky he found a box-hive in March that had lain all winter upside down with no covering on the combs, it having been supposed that the bees were all dead. To his surprise he found live bees in it, although in December the thermometer was down to 14° below zero, and in February 18^ below, and either down to zero or below every day for three weeks in February. MEASURING BEES' TONGUES. .Take Smith's bjy Zed, as reported in Gleanings, has been getting up an arrangement to measure bees' tongues. But he's hardly original in this, for across the ocean two or three different glossometers have been invented, and the matter is taken very seriously. Why shouldn't it be? If the same pains that have been taken to breed stripes had been taken to breed from the colonies in ihe apiary showing the longest tongues, we might now have bees that would readily work on red clover. At least it looks that way. GETTING THE NEIGHBORS TO PROVIDE PASTURE FOB YOU. Says S. E. Miller in Progressive : " Show them that you can make more cash per acre out of Alsike clover than they can out of the common red. By this means you will soon have them coming to you for Alsike seed, and in a short time you may have acres of it within easy reach of your bees." CONDEMNING WITHOUT TRIAL. "Observer," in Progressive Bee-Keeper, comes down on Heddon for being down on the Higginsville cover, saying it is hardly the fair thing to condemn before trial ; and then three paragraphs further on Observer does the very same thing by saying, of Aspin wall's wooden comb to prevent swarming, "It won't work;" although he gives no intimation he has ever tried it. Say, Observer, I wouldn't have told on you if you hadn't threatened in Progressive to gag me. CONUUCTED BY DR. J. 1'. II. BROWN, ^lUGUST^l. OA. [Please send all questions relating to bee-keeping in the South direct to Dr. Brown, and he will answer in this department.— Ed.1 Salutatory. In taking charge of the " Southern Department " of the American Bee Journal I know that I am assuming a great re- sponsibility— a real weight ; but if my Southern bee-keeping friends will come to my assistance, this weight will, in a great measure, be lessened ; and in place thereof there will be a pleasure and a satisfaction in performing the duties pertain- ing to this department. Knowledge of anything is but the stem of experience. All that we know about bee-keeping is but the experience of our predecessors added to our own research and observation. Hence it seems to me that, being indebted to others for a large part of our knowledge pertaining to the honey-bee and to its management, we should endeavor to pay at least a part of this debt by giving the gist of our experience to others. This de- partment of the Bee Journal has been established for this object. Let your light shine so some brother now groping in the dark among his bees may be lifted up to the plane of in- telligent bee-keeping. Your torch will be none the less for lighting that of your neighbor. Now, my friends, I hope you will favor me with your 286 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 2, qviestioiis, your bits of experience, your way of conducting your manipulations, your reports of successes and of failures. The hitter reports arc really the most valuable to a beginner ; for when we report our failure, and the probable way it was brought about, some brother who is just about launching his apiarian bark may avoid the Charybdis we encountered. I am aware that it is much more agreeable to speak of our successes than of our mistakes. In fact, this desire seems to be so strongly planted in some persoms that, to hear them talk, they never make mistakes — never have any fail- ures in anything they undertake. They may state facts as George Washington did once after trying the edge of his little hatchet on his father's cherry-tree and when he looked his "fJttfl " straight in the eye. Failures and losses are liable to occur in any business. Bee-keeping is no exception. We must bring pluck and en- ergy in bee-keeping as are required in any other business. Rightly conducted, bee-keeping will pay you now, in these stringent times, better in proportion to the capital invested than anything you can raise on your farm. But no one can expect success without knowledge, and right here the " South- ern Department " of the American Bee Journal will come to your aid. It is my aim to make this department of interest and benefit to you. Dot down your questions and thoughts, and send them along. Do not let national questions, politics, the wily tricks of public pap-sucking demagogues, financial depression, the low price of produce, lead you away from the task of throwing around your home love, unity, industry, en- ergy, fruits, bees, flowers. With the fact that revolutions don't go backward, you may sing with the poet: — " The night Is mother of the day. The winter of the spring. And ever upon old decay The greenest mosses cling. Behind the cloud the starlight lurks ; Through showers the sunbeums fall ; For God. who loveth all his works. Has left His hope with all." Augusta, Ga. J. P. H. Brown. BasswootI in the f^oiilh. Basswood seems to prefer a cool, moist atmosphere, and for this reason it is only found to a limited extent in the South. In fact, it is rarely found south of the latitude of Augusta, Ga., aud then only on low land. In 1870 I planted quite a number of basswood trees on upland, soil sandy, and to-day they are still there, but have made no progress as to growth. The European variety has been planted in a few places, and it thrives and does much better than the common American basswood. The bloom is the same, and bees swarm on it. Basswood here is liable to be attacked by a beetle that, after depositing its eggs in an incision which it makes in a young branch, proceeds to saw around the limb and cuts it off as smoothly as if done with a knife. This is done by the cun- ning instinct of the insect, so that the larvfe, when hatched, may easily crawl down into the ground. -p-l r~pi n ■ — , ^ - . . — . . , :■ lr,kl 5?: fe r^^ S ^ S ME few y % m M Ifl GO AWAY FROM HOME TO HEAR THE NEWS. Last fall a wealthy New Yorker gave one of our salesmen an order for several miles of park fence for his game preserve in the Adi- rotidaeks. When asked how liecame to do this without having seen the fence, he replied: "I met my friend Kutherford Stuyvesant in Europe and asked what fence he used on 'Tranquility Stock Farms' in New Jersey. He answered I'age Woven Wire exclusively' and assured me it was all the Co. claimed for it. The Adirondack fence stretched on trees, proved so satisfactory that the owner wants 18 miles more. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich. When Answeoing this AoveariSEMENT. Mention this Journal- lYIADfi: CHEAP. He. a lb. for Brood and 12c. per lb. lor E.\tr:i Thiu. when Wax is sent to me; and 1 wiil guar.tntee that there is no better made. Priee-List and Samples free to all. August Weiss, Hortonville, Wis. 15 A8 Mtnimn the American Bee Jouimal COMB FOUNDATION ims For Bee- and Supplies. CATALOGDE FREE ON APPLICATION. 16A4t KIVEK FALLS, Pierce Co, WIS, MfiMon the American Bee Journal. The AdelsA New Strain otHees Friends, I ;^hall be prepared to fill orders lor Adel aud Italian Queens June 1. Try them Warranted, $1; Tested. $1 .50; Select Tes , $2. 17A Jofsepli Kr\vu)> Havana^ N. V. STILL IN THE LEAD. niL,TO\'S Cliair Hives, T-Su- pcrs, Wliilc P<»liMlicil Scolions, FoiiiKlalion, §iii«>kerM, and evcr- ylliiiig; iiectloil in ilic Apiary. —Send for 1895 Catalog— GEO. E.HILTON, FREMONT, MICH. Qet;)cral ticn)s^ Self-Spacing Tacks for Frames. While making a business trip through the county in the spring of 1803, I run across a bee-keeper who had adopted the simplest and at the same time the most effective method of self-spacing that I have yet seen, either in print or out of it. He had simply driven an upholstering brass-headed tack in each side of the frame just outside the end-bar, so that when the frames are hung in the hive, the heads of the tacks meet, leaving the frames V inch apart, making the building of straight combs a certainty, with absolutely no brace or burr combs — at least so it appeared to be in Mr. Smith's apiary, and so it has been with me the two seasons in which I have used the spacing tacks. The hives in which I put new frames in 1893- the tops of the frames are almost as clean as when put into the hives, while the dovetailed hive with V-edge Hoffman frames had all considerable brace and more or less burr combs. Furthermore, I can manipulate the brood-nest in two hives with spacing tacks, in the same time and without exciting the bees nearly as much as in one with the V-edge frame. Perhaps this device is already generally known, but it so I am surprised "that we have not seen it mentioned in all the controversies about frames, as it combines the advantage of fixed spacing and loose frames with entire absence of burr and brace combs. AuSable, Mich. J. M. Moorb. 11A13 Mention the American Bee Juumai, Late-Beared Queens — Size of Hives. I read in a late number of the Bee Jour- nal, with much interest, the article on late- bred queens, or queens reared in the spring of the year. My experience with queens reared late in the fall is that they are better for the next spring, as when they begin to lay they never slack up, as long as there is room in the hive. They will be stronger colonies when the honey harvest comes, gather more honey, and are not nearly so apt to swarm. Of course it is considerably more trouble to rear good queens late in the fall, but if the colony is fixed as it should be, 1 think one can get fully as good queens as those reared in the forepart of the summer. I think if I have as good suc- cess with late fall reared queens as 1 have had thus far, I will rear all my queens as late as possible. 1 had two colonies last year that had queens reared the last of October, and they -SOUTHERN- HDineQft}ieHoiiei]-Bee Where you can buy Queena, as sfond as the best — Warranted Purely Mated, and guaran- teed free from Paralysis. From either an Im- ported or a Straght .5"-B. or Golden Mother — 7.5 cents each; 13 for $7.50. Tested. $1.00 each; 12for$9.00. After June 1st, 50 cents each; 12 for$4.00; Tested. 75 cents each. 12. $7.50. Goud Breeders, $2.00 each; Straight 5-B. or " Faultless" Queens. $2.50 each. Bees, 75c. per lb. Circular Free. Address, HUFSTEDLER BROS. lOASe CLARKSVILLE, TEX. Mention, aicA.mcrlcan Bee Journal. 100 Colonies OF BEES FOR SALE III lots to suit. Correspondence solicited. 15A4 C. H. DIBBEKN, Itlilaii, Ills. Mention the American Bee Journal. For Sale or Exchange ! Lot of Miscellaneous Supplies, some new and some second-hand. ITIiist be disposed of on account of reiiioval. Write for what you want or for list of Goods. Will exchang-e lor team, harness, bu^g-v. or platform wagon, or offers. F. H. KICHAKDSON, l.^»A8t LALU.EDE. Linn Co., MO. GOLDEN BEAUTIES And 3-Banded Italian-Also Silver-Gray Carniolan Queens Reared In separate yards. Italians warranted purely mated, all at same price. Untes:ed, 75c. each; 5 or over. 10 per cent. off. Tested Italian. $1.00. Write for Catalog of Bee- Keepers' Supplies. Ci Bi BANKSTON, SurUsoa Co. TBX as. i:!A Please mention the Bee Journal. THE A. I. ROOT COS GOODS IN MISSOURI ;i2-p!iKe Catuhimic Free. 4Air Joliu Nebol A: Son, llii;;li Hill, Mo. WMEf. ANSWERING THIS ADVERTISEMENT. MENTION TMI3 JOURNAU TAKE NOTICE! BEFOKB placing your orders for SUP- PLIES, write for prices on 1 -Piece Bass wood Sections, liou-Hlvos, Shipping -Crates Frames, Foundation. Smokers, etc. PAGE & LYOPJ MFG. CO. NEW LONDON, WIS. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 287 Knoll's Combined Press and Fastener. A Perfect Machine ; Cheapest made ; Weight only '2>4 pounds. Great Time Saver. Write for Free Circular, giving: Directions. Piices, etc. J. C. KNOI..L., Uleiiwood, Nebr. ^^ I own the Nebr. State right for Alley Droue-Trap. 18A4 WHE^4 ANSWEHING THIS ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAL. FOR SALE. 9(Ml rftlftllicV <•' IIAMAIV & HYBRID iiVV tUlUllH ^ BEES in 8-frame Langstn.th Hives. Italians. $5.00; Hybrids, Si4. 50— deliv- ered at ihe depot in Jefferson free of charge. Also a lot or Bi e-Snpplles. Mrs. C. Grimm, Jefferson, Wis. 18A2 Mention the American Bee JoumaL SUPPLIES BEES QUEENS LARGE STOCK. LOW PRICES, Catalogue Free. I. J. STRlNOHAm, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK, N. Y. Meiitlon the American Bee Jmimal. I have several hundred pounds of choice wax which I will sell made up into Medium Brood and Thin Surplus Foundation at 40c. and 50c. per pound respectively until all is ordered. Order at once if wanted. J. J. ANGUS. 18A4 PLYMOUTH, WIS. Mention the American Bee Journal KANSAS BEE-KEEPERS ! IVHIIOHJ -Xalce .Notice- Before placing your order I'oi- Supplies write for my Vkrv Low Piuces on D. T HIVES, SECTIONS. SMOKERS SHIPPING-CASES and „ , COMB FOUNDATION. Catalogue Free. llEtf A. W. SWAN, Ceutralla, Kan. Mention the Aincriain Dec Journal McCALLUM STEEL WHEEL ffA6QNS Comb Fonndiitioii. Hichest Award.s at World's Fair. Broadornarrow tires, high or low wheels to fit any skein. Are cliniiite- proof, wt-iu'h less, run Imhter sell faster. Warranted for ten years | Whepla or axles mvjTi i' ^1 made Get cataloeueof wfl | jy for- Potato Di-ieers \>l mM/ wagon ctLCAco Uiii.i9 * Picker?;, also. X^&<^ makers. Liberal Discounts to Aeents or first to purchnse. McCallum Steet Wheel Wagon Co., Aurora, X11.,U. S. A. 14Ai;Jt t'loiise meuliou the Bee Journal. 300 Colonies of A No. 1 Italian Bees in »-f r. Dovetailed Hives, lor sale CHE.iP. Also a Full Line of Apiarian Goods, all neiv, at liviiig prices, tiend tor Catalogue, to— E. T. Flanagan, Hox 783, Belleville, Ills. 1 1 A 1 0 (Ueyitton the American Bee Journal. did not lay an egg until last spring, that I know of, but when spring came they both out-stripped anything in the yard, and they also stored more surplus honey than the rest. I should like to know if Dr. Miller is on the fence yet regarding 8 or 10 frame hives. I am using S-frame hives, but am more and more inclined to think they are too small for any average good queen, as they will very seldom lay in more than six, even if they could fill ten frames. I have taken an empty hive filled with empty combs, and placed on top of such colonies, and they would at once go up and fill from four to six frames there, and keep the six frames below full just the same, so I think an 8- frame hive is better for extracted honey than for comb honey, as one can then give the queen plenty of laying room above, but this cannot be done when one is after the nice filled sections. Bees had several good cleansing flights the last of February. I have lost only one colony out of 25 so far. G. E. Nelson. Bishop HUl, 111., March 4. Bee-Keeping in New Il^exico. On page 12~, I see Matthias Wechsler, of Sterling, III., wishes to know how the bees have fared in this part of the country. I have been making some experiments which might be of some value to the fraternity, although they may seem quite novel to many. I put 45 colonies in a shed, single boards covering the sides, top and end, leaving the east end open. The average weight of the hives was 90 pounds when put in. and on Feb. 38, when put out, 70 pounds. Thirty- three colonies set over a hole in the ground — a kind of an air-chamber, averaged S.5 pounds when put in, raised to their summer stands yesterday, they averaged 60 pounds. Twenty-six colonies left on the summer stands averaged, last fall, 87 pounds ; two dead, and the others averaged 65 pounds yesterday. The shed-covered bees seem to have fared best, and those in the ground the most unsatisfactory. The winter here has been much cooler, and more rain and snow than any former since I have lived here (7 years). I have the three to five banded Italians — good enough honey-gatherers for any one. No other kind of bees within 50 miles of me that I know of. My motto is, plenty of honey in the brood-chamber, and keep everything dry as possible. Then the loss is only by accident. My covers are not so close-fitting as to leave no air-passage. The covering on top of the frames is calico dipped in hot wax. There has never lieen a case of foul brood in this county, neither paralysis, that I have heard of. Sliould any one want to know about anything in this district I will be pleased to answer if they enclose stamps. W. S. Mitchell. Farmington, New Mex., March 1. A Humiliating Confession. *' Will swarms of bees accept old hives T' I tried to solve this problem myself, and. too, at a great expense and loss of bees. For the last several j-ears I made all sorts of experiments to retain new swarms in old bee-hives, but without success, strictly speaking. I suppose I lost more than .50 swarms in fooling with this experiment. Last year I conceived the bright idea (on a plausible theory ) to clean thoroughly the bives with salt-water for their reception. I placed three swarms in old saline hives thus prepared. They appeared to accept them. I was so elated with my success that I rushed at once into print to announce my discovery. I thought to utilize old hives would be the saving of many thousand of dollars to the bee-fraternity. Somehow I take pleasure in seeing others prosper, and to effect anything of the kind adds wonder- fully to my own private egotism— that is, to be proud of myself. For it is not every- body that has the means to work much good for the multitude; but to mislead the multitude is simply awful. About the time my great discovery ( ?) was announced in the American Bee Jour- nal, about a year ago, I made an examina- tion of the three hives in question; but. to my horror and chagrin, found not a bee in them ! I did not care a straw about the loss of the bees, but unwittingly to give the world a report that may mislead others humiliated me to the lowest depth of hu- miliation, and, I will add, shame. Therefore, I write this in order, if possi- ble, not to mislead any one with my pre- mature report on how to have swarms of bees accept old hives. However, these fatal experiments gave me some wonderful ideas of the physiological function of the olfac- tories of the bees ; but somehow my last re- port took all the starch out of my bee lore, so that I cannot venture again until I get over my flabbiness. Austin, Tex. G. P. Hachenberg, M. U. Dividing to Prevent Swarming. There is a good deal said in the bee-papers about dividing colonies to prevent swarm- ing, so that each colony will do well. The best way I have tried is to rear my own queens, then when colonies get strong, say about the last of May, I take an empty hive and place it on a new location ; then go to a colony, open its hive and take out a frame of brood, bees and all, being careful that the queen is not on the frame, which I put in the new hive, and give an empty comb to the old colony, and close up its hive. Now go to another colony, open its hive and take out a fi-ame the same as before, always leaving the queen in the old hive; and so on till you have eight frames in the new hive, then close up the new hive and give them a queen, and your work is done. In this way the new colony is just as strong as any in the yard, and will work right on like the rest. When they get stronger than necessary, I would make some more colonies in the same way. This will prevent swarming, and keeps them strong, so that they will store more honey. CoUingwood, Ind. M. J. Kistler. Bro. Ben at the Camp-Fire. Being aware of the fact that a beejour- nal is not the proper place to discuss a his- torical question. I will reply only briefly to Mr. Kelly's article. (See page 152, Vol. XXXIV, No. 5.) Genesis II, 9 to 16, refers to Adam and Eve before they were driven from the Garden of Eden. My article re- ferred to their after life, and so Mr. K."s quotation will not apply. In the ■■ Pictorial History of the World." by James D. McCabe. this sentence is found on page 35; '■ Noah, his wife, and his three sons, Shem. Ham. and Japheth. then re- sumed the cultivation of the earth.'' The Southern farmers during the last two years of the War, consisted of women, chil- dren, old, broken darkeys, and very aged men. Rather a sorry crew to capture one of Uncle Sam's trains. I imagine. High prices have nothing to do with the source of supply. You must not forget that there was a vast city population, as well as the Southern army to supply, and also that every avenue of commerce was blockaded by Uncle Sam's gun-boats, torpedoes, and forts. If you will read Grant's order to Phil Sheridan, on page 275 of " Swinton's Condensed History;"' also Sherman's rea- son for destroying Georgia, on page 277 of the same work, you will find the source of Lee's supply. And it would be folly to say that the farmers could supply Lee's army, and yet be unable to supply their own wants. By living largely on fruits, and being my own doctor, the pills and bills do not ma- terialize. Being only one of the would-be bee-keepers. I cannot say how well fixed they are. I have enough, however, to be quite comfortable. I have no more use for the pipe than for your "spirits fermenti." but good tobacco, used as a poultice, will relieve bee-stings or snake-bites in a short 288 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 2, The Aspinwall Hive ! ! % ^ .t- % THE HIVE FOR BEES- -THE HIVE FOR BEE-KEEPERS SeiiU for IlluNtratecl Circular. Aspinwall Maiiiifacturag Co,, 13A6 JACK»0^, MICH. Mention theAmcriryiiL Bp.>: JoaniaU BEES & QUEENS Ready in Mny. Queens, Sl.OU. Bees bv the Pound, Jl.OO. Two-frame Nuclei, witb Q'ueen «2 .50. One-frame. $'J.OO. Also, Barred P. R. Eeg», for setting", $1.00 per 1.5. mrs. A. A. SIMPSON, Box 48, Swarts, Fa. l.'j.Xl.'it riease mention the Bee Joiirnni. 16 Years Best Oil Earth Sent per mail on receipt of price. . I Circulars and Doz. rates "§ sent on upplication. Doctor, 3i4 in., Largest Smoker made. . . .$1.75 Conqueror .3-iuch stove 1.50 Large. SH'inch stove 1.00 Plain Standard, S-inch stove 70 Little Wonder, l?i-inch stove .50 Bingham \ Hetherioirton Honey-Knife. .80 T. F. BliKGHAITI, Abronia, Mioli. 1 c. A Mention the American Bee Ttncmal ^ SAVE MONEY iiugh all would be sold, unless it be some CiiUtornia that is being- spread upon the street. Best white comb brings 14c.; dark, 8® 10c. Ex traoted, 5'/2@7c., according to quillcy, body, flavor and package. Beeswa.\, '^80:300. K. A. B. & Co. KANSAS CITT, Mo.. Apr. 18.— The demand for comb honey Is light, and good for extract- ed. Wequote: No. L white comb. 1-lb , 14c. ; No. 2, ISai'lc; No. 1. amber, il@12c.; No. 3, 8@10c. E.\tracted,5@0!4c. Beeswax, 22@25c. C. C. C. & Co. CINOINNATI.O., Apr. 19.— Demand Is quiet for all kinds of honey, with a fair supplj'. We quote: Best white comb. 12@l4c. E.\tracted 4@7c., according to quality. Beeswax is in good demand at25@3lc. tor good to choice yellow. C. F. M. & S. CHICAGO. III.. Mar. 18.— Demand is good for all grad''S of honey excepting dark comb. Wequote: Fancy comb, lac. ; No. 1, 14c. Ex- tracted, 5@6!/2C. J. A. L. PHILADELPHIA. Pa,. Apr. 1. — Choice white clover honey Is getting very scarce at 14c. Dark and poorlv filled sections. 8@10c. Demand is lalling off on extracted, prices ranglne from 4>^@7c. Strictly pure while clover very .scarce at 10c. Beeswax arriving more freely and selling at 30@31c. W. A.S. NEiV YORK. N. Y., Feb. 20. -We are gradu- ally working down our stock of comt) honey, and the indications are that we will succeed in disposing of all of the white honey and pos- sibly allot the dark during the sprliig. at fol- lowing quotations: Fancy white. 1-lbs., 12c.; fair. 10c. ; buckwheat, 8@9c. The market is well supplied with e.\tracted honey. Demand is fair lor choice grades, while common stock is neglected. We quote: White clover and basswood, 5S4@6c.; buckwheat. .5@5!4c ; Southern. 45@55c. per gallon, accoi'ding to quality. Beeswax firm and in good demand at30@31c. H.B. &S. BUFFALO. N. T., Mar. 16.— The honej- mar- ket Is gett'ng quite well cleaned up here. We quote: Fancy, i;J@14c.; choice. ll©12c.; buckwheat and commoner grades. 7@8c. Ex- tracted is in very light demand here, and we would not advise shipments. B. & Co. SHIP ^^^^^ Dried Fruits, or Your Butter, Eggs, Poultry ,'S^eal, Beans, Potatoes, Hides, Pelts, Wool, Hay, Grain. Green and Dried Fruits, or ANYTHING YOU MAY HAVE to us. Quick sales at the bighest market price and prompt returns made. Write fur prices or any Information you may want. SUMMERS, MORRISON & CO., S^SJua^r 174 .'^outh Water St.. Chicago, 111. EtEFEEKNCE— Metropolitan National Bank, Chicago, 6 Al 3t Please mention the Bee Jounral . List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers, Most of whom Quote in this Journal. Clilcago, Ilia. J. A. LamON, 43 South Water St. R. A. BORNETT & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. Y. F. I. Sage cSc Son, 183 Reade Street. HiiiDRETH Bros. & Segelken. 28 & 30 West Broadway. Chas. Israel & Bros.. 110 Hudson St. I. J. Stringham, 105 Park Place. Kansas City, Mo. C. C. Clemoms & Co., 423 Walnut St BaBalo, N. Y. Batterson & Co., 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chas. Dadant & Son. Philadelplila, Pa. Wm. A. SEI.SER, 10 Vine St. Cincinnati, Oliio. C. F. MuTH & Son, cor. Freeman & Central avB. Bee-Keeping for ProBt, by Dr. G. L. Tinker.— lievised and enlortxed. It detail.'* the au- thor's "new system, or how to tret the largest yields of comb or extracted honey." »J p. ; illustrated. 2.ic. 290 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. .May Doctor^s fi\r)is By DR. l^nma, C7in<>0; .5-Band.'. $.'.oO each; Carnlolans, $2.00 each. Fine Breeders, eith- er race. l.i.OO each. Bees by the Pound. $1.00 10 or more. 90c. each. Nuclei, $1.00 a Frame 10 frames, 90c.— made to suit any hive. You can have any of the Queens, as above, at their price extra to go with Nuclei. Send for Free Catalogue that tells all about Queeu-Kearlng. Also ask for a sample copy of the new bee-journal, first issue out May the 1st. We are determined to give you a journal second to none, and at the end of a year if you are not well paid tor the $1.00 I will gladly return your money. Look for something rare and interesting in "The Southland Queen." A Bee-Hive Factory running everyday. THE JENNIE ATCHLEY CO. isAtr BBEVILLE, Bee Co., TEXAS. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 291 WOVEN WiRE FENCE r--:= Horse high, bull strong^ icent or smell, if you please, and sly robbing may be started. resulting in the " balling " of some of the queens. I have had eases of this kind in early spring. Barnes' Foot-Power Machinery. Read what J. I. Parent, of Charlton, N.Y., says— "We cut with one of your Com- bined Machines, last winter 511 chaff hives with 7-in. cap, luu honey-racks. 5iin broad frames, 2,Ouo honey-boxea and a Kreat deal of other wort. This winter we have double the amount of bee- hives, etc., to make and we expect to do it with this Saw. It will do all you aay itwill. Catalogue and Price - List Address, W. F. & JOHN BARNES, No. 99.'i RubySt.. Rockford, III. Mention Vie jLmer lean Bee Journal. DO NOT 0RDE:R UIVTIL YOU HAVE AVKITTEN US FOR PRICES ON Tlie "Boss" One-Piece Section irzm^iB Also D. T. Hives, Shipping-Crates and Other Supplies. We have completed a large addition to our Factory, which doubles our floor room; we are therefore in better shape than ever to flll orders on short notice. Send for Price-Ijist J. FORNCROOK, Watertown, Jeflf. Co., Wis.. Jan. 1st, 1894. Mentum th^^ American Bee Jmtmal. Interesting Monthly for The Family ami Fireside Welcome In every Home. I^ar^e Premiums <*orClnb8. Sample Copy sent Free. Thomas G. Newman, 147 Southwestern Ave., CHICAGO, • - I]^r.S. Mention tfie jimerlcan Bee JaumaL Woodcliff Queens. I will send a Guaranteed .j-Banded Yellow Queen, bred from a Breeder selected from 1000 Queens (some producing over 400 lbs. of honey to the colony); or a :J-Banded Italian Leather-Colored Queen direct from a Breeder imported from Italy. Oct. '94— at 75c., and a special low price for a quantity. My secret is to sell an extra-large amount, which enables me to sell at low prices. Will run this spring- 350 Nuclei— have 1 home and 4 out apiaries. Bookliis Orders Nowr— will begin shipping about May 1st. No Queens superior to my Strain. tS^ Send lor Descriptive Catalogue and Testimonials, to Wm. a. Selser, Wyncote, Pa. THE IGCIDENT8 OF LIFE fc ,s« Star^ci[_ Write to T. S. Quincey. Drawer 156. Chicago, Secre- tary of the Star Accident Company, for information regarding Accident Insur- ance. Mention this paper. By so doing you can save membership fee. Has paid over f600,000.00 for accidental injuries. Be your own Agent. NO MEDICAL EXAMINATION REQUIRED Mention tfie Atncrifjint iifA^ u/ivy^wi. READERS or tills Journal n^bo wrrlte to any of onr advertisers, either In ordering, or asking abont tlie Goods offered, \%ri\l please state tliat tbey saw tbe AdTertisemeut In tbls paper* 292 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May. 2, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! It is a]\v:ivs economy to buy the beet, espc- liallvwhen tlio best cost no more tlian sometliiiiif not liallso good. OUR FAL- CON SECTIONS lire acknowledged to be superior to any on the market. The same Is also true ot our HIVES and BEE- KEEPERS' SUPPLIES, ot which we make all modern styles. OUR PRICES will be found as low as those of any of our competitors, and iu many cases low- er, and you are always sure of getting flrst-el'iss froods. We also publish TUB AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER, a monthly magazine (Fifth year) at .50c. a year, in- valuable to beginners. Large illustrated catalogue and price-list free. Address, THE W.T. FALCONER MKG. CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. ^- W. in. Gerri»li. ot East Nuttiiis- Iiani, N. H., is our Eastern agent. New England customers may save freight by pur- chasing of hitn. GOLDEN QUEENS From Texas. ';JofL\.^iL''r as well as for Beauty and Gentleness. P^ Safe arrival and reasonable satisfac- tion guaranteed. Write for Price-List. Untested, Sl.OO— Tested. «1.50. J. D. GIVENS, ^^^?g?^'TEx. 10A26 Mention the American Bee Journal. I ARISE rpo SAY to the readers i of the BEE JOURNAL that DOOlilTTLE has concluded to sell -BEBS and QUBEN8- in their Beason, during 1895, at thefoIlowlnB prices : One Colony of Italians on 9 Gallup frames, in liKhtshippinK-box $7 00 Five Colonies 30 00 Ten Colonies 50 (xi I untested queen, i oo 6 " queens 5 50 12 " " 1000 1 tested Queen... |i 5u 3 " Queens. 411:1 1 select tested queen 2 00 3 " " Queens 5 w Select tested queen, previous season's rearing . 4 ihi Kitra Selected for breedinji. the vkkt best. . 6 00 About a Pound of BKES in a Two-frame Nucleus, with any Queen, |2.00 extra. ^" Circular free. KlvlnK full particulars reRarC- Ing the Bees and each class of Queens. Address G. M. DGOLITTLE, 12A%t BORODINO. Onon. Co.. N. y. Mention the American Dee Journal MUTH'S HONET EXTBACTOB PEHFECT[()N Cold-Blast Smokers, $>qnare Glass Hone}' Jars, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Mhth & Son. Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.. Cincinnati, O. Send 10<' for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers. Mention the American Bee JouriinL SF.W PUdOESS- - .... KW MAflll.VERV J5 "" .\EW I'IiOlli;CT— Patents Pending On ; in the mauut'acture of COMB FOUNDATION. Result— Lowest Prices and Best Work. Wax Wanted. Price-Iiist and Samples Free. W.J. FiHch,Jr.,Springfield, 111 McnlVja Uie American Dee JoumaL Abbott's Space. ^W Your hives came all right and went together well The "St. Joe" is a daisy. — Baenard, Mo. That " St. Joe " Hive ! Write for a Circular and Say How Many Hives You Will Need. Address, EinersQii T. Abbott, ST. JOSEPH, MO. Mention Vie American Bee Journal. TESTED QUEER Are usually si^hi lur $2.00. I will explain why 1 Avi>!i t.i •^rW a lew ai ^■^■^ t lian tbat. As most of my readers know, I re-queen mj- apiary each spriug wlLh younjr queens from the South, This is done to do away with swarnQiUkr. If done early enough it is usually successful. It will tie seen that the queens displaced by these young queens are never more than a j'ear old ; in fact, they are Fine, Tested Italian Queeos, rioht in their prime; yet, in order that they may move off quickly, and thus make room for the untested queens, they wilt be sold for onb" ONE DOLLAR. Or I will send the Review for 1895 and one of these Queens for only $1.75. For $2.00 I wiil send the Review, the Queen and the book '■Advanced Bee-Culture." If any prefer the young, laying queens from the South, they can have them instead of the tested queens, at the same price. A discount on large orders for untested queens. Say how many are wanted, antl a price will be made. Orders can be filled as soon as it is warm enough to handle bees and ship ijueens with safety. Samples of Review free. Please mention this Journal. \y. z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. Seventeen Years Ago Dadant's Foundation ^^^^^^ Was first offered for sale. The following parties keep it in stock and have kept it for years for sale. Why ? Because they want to handle only the best ffoods, and they say they get the best goods when they buy Dadant's Foundation. Thomas G. Newman. Chicago, IUb. C. F. Muth & Son. Cincinnati, Ohio Chas. H. Green, WaukCBha, Wia. Chas. Hertel, Freebury. Ills. E. Kretchmer. Ked Oak. Iowa. Jos. NysewHnder. Ues Moines, Iowa. G. B. Lewis Co.. Watertown, Wis. James Reynolds Elevii tor Co., Poughkeepsle. N Y. Page & Lyon. New London, Wis. La. Bee-Keepers' Supply Co.. Donaldson^ille, La. E. F. Quigley. Unionville, Mo. G. K. Hubbard. Fort Wavne. Ind. L. Uanssen, Davenport. Iowa. C. Theilmann, Tbeilnianton. Minn. E. C. Eaglesfield, Berlin, Wis. Walter 8. Pouder. Indianapolis, Ind E.T.Abbott, St. Jn^*eph, Mo. J. M.Jenkins, Wetunipka, Alabama John Key, East Sayinaw. Mich. J. W. Bittenbender. Kno.xville, Iowa. Vickerv Bros., Evansviile, Ind. Mrs. Jennie Atchlev. Beeville, Texas. Is not such a steady trade a proof of real merit in the ^oods we sell ? We also make a specialty of Veils audi "Veil Stufl^ of best quality. Beeswax Wanted at All Times. Bee-keepers' Supplies, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails, etc. Samples of Foun- dation and Tulle FREE with circular. Instructions to beginners with circular. Send us your address. CHAS. Mention the American Bee Journal. DADANT & SON, HAMILTON, Hancock Co., ILL. THE 1895 CRANE SMOKER IS A DAISY. Price, 3H-iach Barrel, Jl. 85, postpaid; or $1 .50 bj- freight or express. A. I. ROOT CO., Medina. Ohio, or J. E. CRAXE, Middlebiiry, Vt. This e-vcellent Smoker was introduced some two years ago, since which time It has worked iteelt rapidly into iioimhir favor. Its distinctive feature is the Crane Valve, by which the full force of the ItcUows Is secured without waste, and by which also smoke is prevented from going Into till.' liellows. The Legs are of Skeleton Malleable Iron, contracted at the feet BO as to bo out of tin' way of the Angers in handling, and are secured to the Bellows by bolts instead of screws. 'J'he Shield Is of light corrugated tin, and bags next to the Bellows, thus giving ample protect ion from heat. The Cone Tor easily tilts back for replenishing the Smo- ker, and is secured by a malleable-iron Hinge, the working parts of which are milled so as to insure accurate adjustment to the Stove or Cup. As to Fuel, It will burn anything, including soft coal, stovewood, planer-shavings; and It makes no ditference how much the latter may be crammed down in the Cup, there will be the same strong blast as before. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK 1861 ■^'jMlERICA.^ AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. 35tli Year. CHICAGO, ILL., MAY 9, 1895. No. 19. Coi;)tnbuted /Vrticles^ On Imjyortant Ajiiariati Suhj^ots, No. 5. — The Production of Extracted Honey. BY CHAS. DADANT. To produce extracted honey largely we use half-story supers, the frames of which are just 6 inches deep, and of the same length as the frames of the brood-chamber. These frames are all fitted with combs, or comb foundation, and we preserve them from one year to another. This is one of the great advantages of extracting, for we thus preserve that which is the most difficult and expensive for the bees to build. A few days before the opening of the crop, these supers are placed on all the hives which have their lower story filled with brood. The only hives that are left without supers are those that have been delayed in their breeding, either by the lack of fecundity of the queen, or by the weakness of the col- ony caused by bad wintering. These weaker colonies, to- gether with one or two of the very best ones, are used in mak- ing artificial swarms, to keep up the number of colonies in each apiary ; for we do not, and in fact cannot, depend upon natural swarming when running for extracted honey with large hives. The very best colonies are used for queen-rear- ing, and the others are divided up. Their brood would hatch at a time when it would be of no use for the clover crop, and by a timely division we can make good " swarms," which may help in the fall crop. At any rate, with a little help, almost every one of these " swarms " will make a good colony for win- ter. As a matter of course, we always have a few colonies that are altogether too weak to made either "swarms" or store honey. But these are exceptions. Within 10 or 12 days after the crop has fairly begun, we make an examination of our colonies. In good seasons many of the best have their supers a third full, and it is then ad- visable to add a second story, which we usually put under the first. In a very good season, we sometimes use two half- Edmund Wliittlesey, Pecatonica, III. — See page 300. stories from the first with our best colonies, and very often add a third before the crop is over. Much depends upon the season and the condition of the bees at the opening of the crop. We usually wait until the entire crop is harvested before beginning extracting ; but, in a few very bright seasons, we were compelled to extract, because the bees were out of room, and we had no more supers to give them. Such seasons may be marked in red letters on a bee-keeper's diary. Such were, with us, the years 1883 and 1884. In 1884, we extracted the honey, in one apiary, five different times, and made an average of nearly 150 pounds per colony. The general aver- age, however, one year with another, does not exceed 50 The Tongue of the Honey-Bce — Magnified. A, Tongue extended. B, Llprula. sheath extended. 0, Cross see. Llgula. pounds per colony, and this is, after all, very satisfactory, even with honey at 6 cents per pound. We find that, in some seasons, the colonies make a very good average of crop ; but few supers remaining empty, while, in other seasons, the yield is very unequal ; some colo- nies giving two and even three supers full of honey, while some others may not fill a half super. When such is the case, we find it profitable to equalize the crop by adding some full combs to the weaker colonies, and exchanging the supers with those that have all their combs filled. During a good honey- flow, it is not at all necessary to shake the bees out. We transfer bees and all, and find that everything goes on peace- ably. When there is plenty of honey there is neither robbing nor fighting. The result of this equalizing is that there is no time lost when the extracting comes, as all the combs are full, and there is no handling of empty frames. 294 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 9, When the honey-yield is over, we begin extracting. If, however, it becomes necessary to extract before the end of the crop, it is of importance not to extract out of the supers that contain fresh lioney, unless one wishes to be connpelled to ripen the honey artificially. AVe know that it is the custom of many bee-keepers, to ripen their honey by keeping it in open vessels in a warm room, but we dislike this task, and much prefer to have the bees do their own ripening, as they do it more thoroughly than we can ever do it. Wo have never yet had any trouble with unripe honey, except basswood, which seems to be the most difBcult to ripen of all grades. We have repeatedly extracted fresh-harvested honey of fall Powers, and have never had any trouble with it. Honey which runs like water, is sure to be too thin to keep. That which has been harvested a week is nearly always ripe ; even if it is still unsealed. On the other hand we have often known bees to seal their honey too soon, and in such cases it may ferment in the cells and burst the capping. In my next I will give our method of taking the honey off the hives. Hamilton, Ills. Wintering Out-Doors in a Cold Climate. BY DR. E. GALLUP. Paul Whitehead, on page 160, says that two of his colo- nies froze to death. Now I was born in Canada, 65 miles north of the Vermont line, where the mercury frequently went down to 40- below zero, and remained so for six to ten days in succession. We always wintered our bees on the sum- mer stands. Our hives were straw and box hives. Sometimes we built a cheap open shed over them, and sometimes we set them on a bare plank without any cover whatever. In the fall we raised them up on blocks at the corners of the hive an inch high, to give them abundance of ventilation. They had to be about 18 inches in heighth in order to have abundance of honey above the cluster of bees. They never froze to death, but always wintered in splendid condition, providing they had honey enough. But when I obtained my first colony of bees, 1 lost all of my new colonies for three winters in succession, by leaving the hive down close on the bottom-board. You see 1 was going to keep them warm. Not being ventilation enough, the breath of the bees accumulated in the form of frost all around above the cluster. Then every time the weather mod- erated, this frost would melt and wet down the bees, until they were all dead, with abundance of honey all around them. My old colony being in a straw hive, and the entrance open at the bottom, and a 2-inch hole open at the top, they had abundance of ventilation, consequently no frost accumu- lated in the hive. We had no American Bee Journal then — in fact, we did not know for years that there was any such a thing as a bee- book. I well remember how eagerly I read and re-read a small pamphlet by M. Weeks, of Vermont. He invented and patented, if I mistake not, the Weeks Vermont hive. I used several of them. It was a suspended box with a chamber in the top for comb honey, with a slanting bottom, and the bot- tom-board suspended by hooks and staples at the corners, and a button at the rear to regulate the ventilation. By having the slanting bottom-board, you see, a moth-worm would fall on the bottom and roll out of the hive so quick that he would break his neck. A great invention ! I notice on page 159, that John Napton says Dr. Gallup says: " All bee-men in California are honorable men." If I recollect rightly, I said: "So far as I know." Then he rather insinuates that queen-breeders are inclined to be tricky. Now, so far as I know, it does not necessarily follow that queen-breeding should make a person dishonest, by any means. Santa Ana, Calif. No. 7. — The Production of Comb Honey. BY EMEKSON T. ABBOTT. Putting on thk Sections. — It is very important that the first lot of sections be put on at the proper time ; for, if they are not, the amount of honey secured from any given colony will be greatly reduced. If put on too early, the brood is apt to be chilled, or breeding retarded. If put on too late, the bees will have begun making preparations to swarm, and after they have done this it is very hard to get them to begin work in the sections. I have read of a man who prayed, "Oh, Lord, start us right; for when we get started we are awful hard to turn !" The bees are very much like this man. When they once begin to get ready for .swarming, they are " awful hard to turn." It is better, on the whole, to put them on too early than too late. This is one of the things that can- not be done by any set rule, but one must learn by experience when the proper time has arrived, as the seasons vary so much, as well as the conditions indifferent localities. For this local- ity I have found the best time to be a few days before the white clover begins to bloom. When the first lot of sections are about filled, they should be lifted up, and another lot, fitted up in the same way as the first, put under them. When the last lot are partially filled, a third lot may be put under them. This process may be con- tinued until there are four or five supers on the hive, if the honey is coming in rapidly, and there is a prospect of it con- tinuing to do so until there are all filled. Of course, one must understand the nature of his honey-flow, and not put on so many sections that they will not all be filled and capped over. By watching the matter closely this may be guarded against. It has been my experience that a good, strong colony will fill two or three supers about as quickly as they will one", if they are properly manipulated. After the honey is in the supers and capped over, the longer it can be left on the hive the better it will be. Of course, if a crop of dark honey follows closely on the light one, or there is danger, owing to the lateness of the season, of the the honey becoming soiled and darkened, it should be taken off at once. When it comes to removing supers filled with fine, white honey, with me a bee-escape is an absolute necessity. The truth of the matter is, I am led to wonder why bee-keepers did not think of this wonderfully convenient little "tool" (if I may so call it) before. I am well aware of the fact that some of our prominent bee-keepers do not use the escapes, but they are to me none the less a necessity on that account. It is such a satisfaction to slip one of these little "machines" under three or four well-filled supers early in the day, and at night find the bees all out, and the honey uninjured by having little holes bitten in the cappings, as is sure to be the case if re- moved by any other process. Having secured the honey crop, the next thing is PREPAKING IT FOR THE MARKET. Here is about as important a part of the work as any of that which has gone before. It goes without saying that one must first get the honey crop before he can place it on the market, but he may about as well not have it as to place it on the market in such a shape that the price which he is forced to take will not pay for the cost of production. The first thing necessary is to see that the honey is care- fully sorted. Then it should be thoroughly cleaned and put into neat white crates. Another very important thing is, the crates should be the same all through ; that is, the honey should all be just what it appears to be on the face of it. There is a great deal of talk nowadays about low prices and slow sales, but the man who has an honest, clean, first-class- article of any kind need not go begging for customers, even in these times. If I did not dread the denunciations which I may cal> down on myself from a certain class, I would say that the cause of much of the so-called hard times may be traced to negligence, ineiBciency, dishonesty and vice. The man who spends most of his time loafing and drinking in the saloons need not expect to find a very full larder when he goes home late at night ; neither need he expect to sell the fruits of such labor at a very high price. I was very much impressed with a statement I read about a man's apples, the other day, in an article in an agricultural paper. The writer said there was found on the top of each barrel a slip which read, "This package was produced and packed by John Smith, who guarantees that when you have seen the top you have seen the whole." The man who makes^ such a guarantee and backs it up by his goods will not have to hunt very long for a market ; and, what is better, he will have no trouble in keeping the market when he has once secured it; that is, if the " top" is a number one article. We talk about laws for adulteration. Well, I believe in them, if they are of the right kind, but I have seen honey on exhibition at fairs faced as white as snow, while the crates further back were filled with honey so black and dirty that it was scarcely fit to eat. What kind of a law should be made for the man who put that on the market? None. Nature has made for him an inexorable law which decrees that he can never sell goods twice in the same place. Let me quote again from the agricultural writer referred to above: "Carelessness is the costliest habit one can fall into ; and trickery, while it may seem to succeed for a time, must cost more than it comes to in the end." Now, Mr. Editor, this winds up my talk on " comb honey " 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 295 for the present, except I may have occasion to refer to it again in answer to some objections which have been offered to some of my positions. These articles have brought me communica- tions from all over the country, and I want to say to the writers of these letters that I would gladly have written each of them a personal letter, but my time has been so completely taken up that I have found it impossible to do so, and I beg of them to accept this as an acknowledgement of the receipt of the same. If I have so written that I have helped any one, or stimu- lated any mind to greater activity, then I have accomplished the purpose I had in mind when I began. St. Joseph, Mo. More About the Size of Hives and Frames. BY .7. W. ROUSE. It seems that it is hard to settle the question either of the proper size of a hive or the frame. While perhaps locality has something to do as to what size would suit best, it is not very probable it makes much difference. It is much easier to flow or float with the tide than it is to go against it, but we have been forced to some conclusions by observations even against our inclinations. While I have always used the standard size frame, since locating here, over four years ago, I have had a chance to ob- serve the workings of the American hive and frame as they have been made in this county for perhaps the last 20 years, and there are quite a lot of these hives in this county. While there are a number of serious objections (to my notion) to this hive, still I have observed that bees kept in them winter well, and those having bees in these hives secure honey in them, although there are many keeping bees in them that are not "up" very much in bee-ology, so they do not know very much about bees, or the best methods of handling them. I have always managed to secure some honey ever since starting in the business until last season. Although I have always run the most of my apiary in queen-rearing, I am sure if I had run for honey, especially for one or two seasons since being here, I should have secured a fair crop of honey. I have noticed that some other bee-keepers with these hives did secure fair crops of honey. I am aware that locality frequently has much to do with it in securing a crop of honey, still I am forced to the conclusion that the bees wintering in these hives, by being in a deeper frame, and more together instead of spreading out so long, build up faster in the spring, and so are ready for the harvest when it comes. As I said, these hives do not suit me, as I do not like their construction, not being easy to handle or manipulate. I have had a hive in mind for some time, but as there are already too many kinds of hives, I have never built any ac- cording to my notion. Then, again, I have had no chance to give a new hive a test for the past two seasons. I will give a description of my idea, and, if thought worthy of notice, invite friendly criticisms : A hive made long enough to take in three sections in a row instead of four, as now in the standard hive, and make the frames 11 inches deep, and the hive large enough to hold as much as a 9-frame standard hive. While I feel sure this size of frame would be good for the brood-nest, I do not think it the best for extracting, but they could be made shallower. I will not give my complete ideas, but if this is found worthy of any discussion, I may give a more concise descrip- tion in the future. Caution: I do not advise any one to adopt this size of frame, but would advise, especially ama- teurs and beginners, to follow in the well-beaten paths in bee- keeping, and let the more experienced try anything new. While it is possible for a beginner to get something good, more than likely the thing they would try has been used be- fore and thrown away. Many more reasons can be given for using standard goods until something else shall be adopted, but I will rest at present. Mexico, Mo. Some Comments — A Little "Talking Back." BT F. L. TUOJIPSON. Making the Bee Another Animal. — On page 18 Mr. Abbott says : " To destroy the swarming impulse is to make the bee another animal, and it cannot be done." It appears, then, that when the python used its hind legs, which are now under the skin of its body, and the whale and the seal walked upon the land, they were not the same animals, or else they never did such things. Mr. Abbott must be quarreling with evolution ; some features of which are respectable theories, at any rate, and cannot be put overboard with an assertion. If we suppose swarming to be a later mode of reproduction in its origin than supersedure, bees only have to revert a little to become "other animals." Non-Swarming Bees. — Mr. Abbott also says : " All this talk of a non-swarming race is a fallacy. You might just as well talk of a non-laying hen being the best to hatch eggs." But hens have only one mode of reproduction ; bees have two. To be sure, if they reproduced by supersedure alone under prcsc7it conditions, a colony would be lost here, and a colony there, and finally bees would die out ; but that, again, is a question of evolution. The fact that workers now occasion- ally act like virgin queens indicates a survival of a time when such proceedings were of some use to them — bees at that time may have been all laying workers and drones, the workers being fertilized : indeed, one case of a modern worker mating with a drone was given in this journal a year or two ago. Moreover, that a race should die out from its own character- istics would be nothing unnatural. Conditions of living are changing now, and have changed in the past, at varying rates of speed, and might easily change faster than the ability of a race to develop new instincts or organs. And would Mr. Abbott expect all strains of Leghorns, or all double flowers, to survive without reverting, if left to themselves? Dealing with Adulteration. — On page 34: Mr. Dadant tells of an experience that I can appreciate. Let any one at- tempt to get up a honey route by canvassing several days in a city, as I have done, and before he gets through he will think some things. We have two theories of dealing with adultera- tion : one is, fight it — whether openly or not, it does not mat- ter; the other is, keep still. Now, I am not sure that the first method has not done great harm, as the advocates of the sec- ond method declare (though whether that might not have happened anyhow is an open question) ; but what are you going tu do about it «)?!c?i (?ic/ifm?i )ios been do7ie ;' That is practically the case now. If any harm remains to be done, it is only a question of time until it will be, even if we never say a word more about it. A little knowledge is a dangerous thing, but once gained, it cannot be eliminated and the former state of ignorance brought back. Whether actual adultera- tion is practiced little or much, makes no difference at all. The public just now has attained such a degree of suspicion of adulteration as to make it very difficult to sell extracted honey to strangers, and how in the world that suspicion is going to be lessened I don't see, except by keeping right on and wiping out real adulteration so completely that the source of suspicion will stop flowing. If that is an utterly hopeless undertaking, if there will always be enough left to set agog the public mind, then keep still — i. c., from a purely politic point of view. As to whether it would be moral to do so, is another question. But while there is any hope, better have no half way measures about it. Feeding Back. — That feeding-back experiment on page 41 is suggestive. I wish bee-keepers would hump themselves and present Mr. Taylor with a dozen nice theories of how to prevent honey from granulating when fed back, so that he could select from them, add to his own, and make an exhaus- tive experiment the coming season. Here is mine : If the honey fed was thinned to the consistency of fresh nectar, in- stead of adding only 15 or 20 per cent, of water, the longer ripening process might have the same effect as on nectar. Mr. Hunny-Man Melbee may succeed in disposing of his extracted honey without feeding it back ; but humanity in general needs providing for as well as a few geniuses. Outside Cleaning-Up of Combs. — Mr. Sturtevant's ex- perience in outside cleaning-up of combs (page 52), is quite in line with what was said at the Colorado convention. Two years ago a number asked whether he should feed outside, and was hopped onto by the others. This time there was not a dissenting voice as to the superior merits of the proceeding. Two things were agreed to be essential — that the feed should be quite thin, and that it should be spread over a surf ace large enough to comfortably accommodate all the bees. One mem- ber pours the feed over a number of boards, and says that when he gets through pouring, the feed is all gone where he started. It is readily seen that the neighbors' bees get no chance. Another uses a large quantity of old extracting combs, on which the feed is poured ; another, ordinary chicken-troughs, filled with straw. Mr. Aikin goes around and taps on each hive, scattering a few drops on the alight- ing-board, so as to bring all colonies out at once. It was 296 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 9, agreed that spring feeding, conducted in this way, had a bet- ter effect on the bees than by the old methods. In response to a question, Mr. Aikin said that he fed whenever he felt like it, without a regular system, averaging perhaps onco in two weeks. Nothing was said about brood being destroyed in consequence of the cessation of feeding. In this connection it should be remembered, as was re- marked at that convention, that before feeding for stimulation is utterly condemned the local conditions should be taken into consideration. Here the flow is so late that the old bees are gone long before, and plenty of young bees must be reared be- times to take their place. Dequeening of Colonies. — I look forward to Mr. Chap- man's article with much interest. Messrs. Aikin and Alford, both large honey-producers of this State, have for several years practiced dequeening on a large scale, and are now more than ever in favor of it. They made it appear quite enticing at the last convention here. Their method is, briefly, as fol- lows : When increase is not wanted, two-thirds of the queens are killed, and one-third made into nuclei just before swarming-time, with a frame of brood and bees, a frame of empty comb, and another frame full of shaken bees apiece; at the same time all queen-cells are torn down ; when another set are built, all are torn down but one, which is allowed to hatch. When cells do not hatch, or queens get lost, the nuclei are at hand to supply deficiencies. When increase is wanted, all queens are saved and put at the head of nuclei, and the old colonies treated as above. It makes plenty of work, but they get good crops. The Bee-Killing Idea. — I am with Mr. Bevins on bee- killing (page 68). Still, logic is logic, and while there is a distinction between killing a calf and killing a bee, it does not amount to much. In both cases, the killing is supposed to be for man's advantage. I cast my vote for not killing anything except when increase would produce unendurable results. In my case, at least, there would be an appreciable qualm at ap- plying sulphur to a colony, and I would have to make a down- ward step in order to overcome it. In the State of Illinois, I am told by a neighbor, the law is, or was, that the testimony of butchers should not not be received in criminal cases. Com- ment is unnecessary. Wintering to Have Strong Colonies. — That seems a bright idea of Mr. Thurlow's, ou page 67, though the e.xtra furniture required is objectionable. But he does not say whether he would put the hives back in their old position in the early spring, or just before putting the supers on. For the experiment's sake, I would prefer the latter, as it would make two experiments in one — wintering and springing — if not a third, viz.: that a considerable portion of one end of the frames would have brood clear to the top-bars, which, accord- ing to some authorities, is just the thing for prompt work in the sections. Here is another suggestion, which he may take for what it is worth : How would it do to set an ordinary Langstroth hive nearly vertical, say at an angle of 80- ? Then the frames wouldn't wiggle, if that was what was the trouble ? Arvada, Colo. Further Consideration of Hive-Construction. BV EDWIN BEVINS. I see by some things that I have lately read, that I have got to get in some more words on the subject of hive-construc- tion. Until the sectional brood-chamber hive comes to be adopted by all bee-keepers, this is a subject which will not "down." The day is far distant when the above-named hive will be the only hive in use. I feel a little timid about crossing swords with Mr. Ab- bott, as I am only a rush-light in apiculture compared with him, but I must be excused for saying that I cannot say " amen " to all the objections he brings (page li6) against the flat hive-cover. Since I discarded the grooved cleat I have had no trouble with these covers on account of warping, and yet they have stood exposed to the sun day after day when the mercury in the thermometer ranged from 90 to lOO- in the shade for many days together. These covers are made of one sound soft pine board, % inch thick, and have hardwood cleats two inches square nailed under each end. They are painted on top with the best of white paint, and I have never had a bit of comb break down in the hive on ac- count of heat, though the hives were fully exposed to the sun, and ?tot very well exposed to the winds. The flat cover will stay with me. Much has been said lately about the dovetailed corner (which is not dovetailed at all), and the halved corner. The diflerence between them is the difference between tweedle- dum and tweedle-dee. The fact is, that the plain corner is just as good as either, if firmly nailed. By using a square, the sides and ends of the hive can be kept at right angles to each other without much trouble while nailing. I agree with Mr. Abbott entirely in what he says about the bottom-board of the dovetailed hive, always using the Van Deusen clamp, and could not be induced to think for a mo- ment of having the bottom-board fastened permanently to the hive-body. I am also beginning to see that Dr. Miller was right when he prophesied that I would sometime come to un- derstand the advantage of having those %-inch strips at- tached to the bottom-board. In the early part of the winter I made some S-frame hives the same length as the Dovetailed, and 12 inches deep. These hives take a frame having an end-bar ll^i inches long. I shall keep on making this kind of hive until I get all my bees that I intend to work for comb honey on frames of that depth. When this is accomplished I shall bid good-bye to the " standard " so far as the brood-chambers are concerned. To be tolerably certain that there is plenty of honey above the bees when a long cold spell of weather comes in winter, is worth more to me than the " standard." Why is it that bees winter better in the old log gum than they do in the dovetailed and Simplicity hives ? It is because the combs are deep, and there is plenty of honey above the bees right in line with the heat they generate, and is, there- fore, available in the coldest weather. These brood-chambers take the bottom-boards, the covers, the supers — in fact, all the furniture of the standard hive except the brood-frames. If one does not care for the Hoffman frames, or if he cannot get them cut of the right dimensions without extra expense, he can saw, or get his frames sawed, out of inch thick lumber and attach to them the Stephens' frame-spacers. These are cheap, and I believe will give satisfaction in practice. Mr. Gathright wonders how many bee-keepers there are who extract from the brood-chamber. Well, I don't know. The Dadants say they seldom or never do so, and they use 10- frames in a hive just as deep and a little longer than the ones I have just described. Surely, with only 8 frames there would not be many occasions for extracting from the brood- chamber. Hive-bodies of standard size can, of course, be placed on these deeper brood-chambers for extracted honey. Mr. Abbott says (page 149) that he never could tolerate a square joint. Here we will agree to disagree. I never could tolerate a bevel or a rabbet. Leon, Iowa. Cellar-Wintering — Preventing Increase. BY HENRY S. EVANS. The writer is one of the smaller bee-keepers who has been a regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal since 1871, and has read with much interest the various opinions and ex- periences of those who have been able to give light on the different branches of apiculture. All bee-keepers have their Individual experiences, but all do not report to the bee-papers. I am not depending on the production of honey alone for a living, but during the past 2i years I have kept several colo- nies of bees ; and in their management I have been fairly successful. The question asked by "Tidiness," on page 134, at- tracted my attention, and perhaps part of my experience in cellar-wintering during the past eight years may be interest- ing to some. Our cellar is under the dwelling-house ; the walls and ceiling are lathed and plastered, and the floor is of waterlime. There is a 4-inch ventilator through the wall to the outside on the west, and a door between the bee-cellar and that part of the cellar used for general purposes. The first winter I put 18 hives of bees in this cellar, with chaff over the frames, hive-entrances open, the ventilator left open, and the door above-mentioned closed. Nearly all writers at that time claimed that darkness was one of the necessary conditions for successful in-door wintering, so the cellar was arranged to exclude all light. With moderate weather the room became too warm, the bees uneasy, and the air impure, as the venti- lator proved to be insufficient. Now I know that I might have safely opened the door, but at that time I thought it should be kept shut. Many bees Ipft the hives during these warm spells, and died on the floor; but I swept them aside rather than to walk over them, and found no particular annoyance from that source. However, the success of that first winter was not en- tirely satisfactory, and the following seasons I endeavored to do better. I must not occupy space to mention all the different ar- 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 297 rangemeuts of the next few years, but come at once to the present winter. I now (April 2) have in the cellar 32 colo- nies of bees in S-frame Langstroth hives, having loose covers and bottom-boards. The covers are sealed down as the bees left them in the fall. On each bottom-board I place a rim + inches high, the same length and width of the hives, with wire-screen over one end, and set the hives on these rims. This gives a -i-inch space below the bottom of the brood- frames, and an open front 4.\12 inches covered with wire- screen. This seems to admit plenty of air, the bees cluster more or less in the open space, and all dead bees drop entirely away from the cluster. There are no dead bees on the cellar floor, and the annoyance mentioned by "Tidiness " is entirely avoided. I carried the bees to the cellar Nov. 14, and they have remained very quiet until this time. Soon they will be out on the summer stands to begin the labors of another season. I have learned that a good circulation of air in warm weather is more necessary to the comfort of the bees than total darkness, and 1 have left the bee-cellar door open all winter. (I refer of course to the inside door first mentioned.) The outside cellar-door is open in mild weather, and closed in cold weather. The temperature in the bee-cellar the past winter has been as low as 38-, and as high as 48-: For a good colony of bees to winter successfully in a cellar I would name three conditions, viz.: Plenty of good food ; plenty of pure air ; and proper temperature. THE PREVENTION OF INCREASE. Regarding the prevention of increase, I am as anxious as any bee-keeper to have my bees forget to swarm in their haste to gather honey ; but they don't forget. I have man- aged them according to different plans, but I will only give my experience for the year 1898. When a swarm issued, the queen was caught and caged; queen-cells cut out of the old hive, the caged queen put in one of the brood-frames, and the swarm returned. In about eight days we again cut out the queen-cells, and in about two weeks from the time the swarm issued we released the queen, which at the time appeared lively and all right. We managed about a dozen hives in this way, but all the queens disappeared without laying any eggs. They were evidently destroyed by the bees as soon as released. Why were they not accepted ? Perhaps some reader will sug- gest an answer. Their wings were not clipped. Romeo, Mich. Killing the Bees Instead of Wintering. BY .JOHN m'AETIIUR. In reply to Mr. Bevins, on page 263 of the American Bee Journal for 1894, to his kindly criticism of my article on page 306, I would say that a generation has come and gone since I took my first lessons in bee-keeping. Many important changes during that period have been made in managing and manipu- lating the apiary. Owing to climatic and other changing conditions, we may look forward to as much change in the next generation — nay, even more than the past. There is no industry on this continent that has made more advance than bee-keeping, especially when we consider the many discour- agements and difficulties that lie in the path that leads to success. Comparing past and present prices, there is cer- tainly not much to encourage one to persevere in the business, were it not for the somct)ii}ia in it that fascinates beyond the profits derived from the same. There is food for the mind— a great field for scientific research; and to those endowed vriih large observing faculties, there is a vast field awaiting new discovery, notwithstanding all that is written or known about the honey-bee from the time of Democritus to the present. Therefore, I see no need of any one being chilled, by reading the article referred to, or even by following the direc- tions of the writer regarding migratory bee-keeping, espe- cially when it can be demonstrated that by doing so we can put dollars into our pockets. That is the main object of us all, I believe, notwithstanding the labors of Langstroth, Da- dant, and a thousand others who have given their mite to as- sist in making known the natural history of the honey-bee and its economy. Then Mr. Bevins charges me with being a wholesale murderer. Were bees not given to man for his own use ? Why kill the cow ? She gives milk and butter — is she not as dear to our affections as the honey-bee ? Would it be profit- able to keep and feed her eight months out of twelve, without any returns ? No, no, Mr. Bevins; 1 like your sentiment and fine feeling, but that will not keep us alive. You let your feelings get the better of your judgment. I am afraid Mr. Bevins doesn't keep the sixth commandment himself. Does he not partake of the flesh of beasts, birds, or fish, killed ? In the eyes of the law he who receives is as bad as he who steals. Are you guilty, or not guilty? Then Mr. Bevins draws consolation from the thought that the wintering problem is not so serious in Iowa as in Toronto. The writer can say of the wintering problem, as the Hon. R. L. Taylor says of foul brood, it has no terrors, having solved that many years ago, either on the summer stands or in a re- pository. On the summer stands with a packing of 2)3 inches of cork sawdust around the hives, with 5 inches on top, and sufficient stores will bring them through our severest winters. The winter repository is perfect of its kind, being in use for 14 years, and is 19 feet below the surface of the ground. The floor of the bee-cellar and bee-yard are on the same level — like a cellar. It is 26 feet by 40, and 6 feet high. It is the consumption of honey, coupled with '2}:< months' labor in the spring and fall — bees too weak to gather surplus from the' early honey flow, which is considerable in this locality. A large proportion of the bees were put into the repository on Nov. 20, and averaged 40 pounds of honey. If the spring of 1895 should prove as bad as its three predecessors, every pound will be used before we get an ounce of new. Now, Mr. Bevins, if you are anything of an enterprising or enthusiastic bee-keeper, you can go South and purchase full colonies in May, and have them laid down in your bee- yard at, or very near, the price of two or three pound nuclei with queen, in the pink of condition ; saving you the trouble of buying sugar and feeding. You seem to prefer nuclei to full colonies. Why, I should like to know, except it be to fuss and tinker with them, spending money on sugar just for the pleasure it gives you in seeing them develop into full colo- nies, forming attachments so strong that they must not be killed, after costing more than a full colony, not to speak of the labor. I think any extensive Northern bee-keeper would be better employed, say in April and May, down South, working up his bees among the sunshine and flowers, than eking out a mis- erable existence 1,000 miles north, among snow and ice. I shall be very glad indeed to meet Mr. Bevins, and a thousand more brother bee-keepers from across the line, at that mammoth convention to be held next September, in the city of Toronto, Canada ; and no matter how we may differ, let us agree to disagree. Toronto, "Ont. Soui1r)crr) Departrr)ei;)t> CONUUCTED BV DR. J. P. II. BROWX, AUGUST^i, GA. [Please send all questions relating to bee-keeping In the South direct to Dr. Brown, and he will answer in this department. — ED.l The Cotton States and Industrial Exposition. This will be held at Atlanta, Ga., Sept. IS to Dec. 81, and will be a big thing. It is the desire of the directors to have a big honey exhibit, and an International Bee- Keepers' Congress. I would be pleased to hear from all bee-keepers who are favorable to calling a convention of this kind. Putting on the Supers. Our spring being nearly a month behind the average of other years, all bloom is behind time, and bees have not bred up to what they should be at this date. Supers should now be on all your strong colonies, but you nted not expect bees to go up into the sections as long as they can find room to place their honey below. When they commence to make new comb and bulge it out below the top-bar, they are about ready to go above. Now is the time to do your coaxing. It is objection- able to use any sections with brood in, but fill as many sec- tions as you can with nice, clean, white comb, and alternate them with those with foundation. If you wish to side store in wide frames in the brood- chamber, use separators if you wish the sections tilled with nice comb ; but for top-storing, if the sections are not too wide, and are two-thirds filled with foundation, separators are not necessary. It is one of the incontrovertible facts that the further the surplus department is from the brood-chamber, and the more obtructions are placed in it, the slower the bees are to go to work in it. 298 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 9, I think in most Southern locations top-storing is prefer- able to side. Place only one crato of sections on the colony at first, and when they eet this about half filled, raise it up and place another crate beneath. Uy this arrangement, judici- ously worked, you can get as mucli comb honey from a colony as it is possible in one season in our climate. Do not wait for all the sections to be capped before removing, for, if you do, some of the cappings will get discolored from the pollen- stained feet of the bees crawling over them. Health. — Money — Bees. A few moments ago I received a letter from Mrs. ex-Gov. W. .1. Northen, of Georgia, wherein she says : " When we lived on our farm there was nothing that gave me more pleas- ure than my bees ; and it is work that a woman can manage without taking up the valuable time of the men. So many women write rae for help to devise some way by which they can support themselves, but when I suggest bees, they are incredulous. They need an object lesson." , Four and five cent cotton ought to be argument suffi- ciently powerful enough to turn the dullest heads to the im- portance of the smaller industries — prominent among them is : Bees — honey — money. There is also health in bees. The pleasure and interest taken in them, accompanied with the out-door exercise re- quired, have enabled many an invalid woman to regain her health, and have imparted a rose-tint to many a blanched cheek. Tlie Busy Bee in Winter. "The notion that the colder the winter is the less honey the bees use is a fable. Bees do not hibernate. It is true that bees in winter become apparently dormant, and remain inac- tive, but at the same time they must have a certain degree of animal heat, and must use honey as fuel to produce it." — W. Ballantine. The above I find in the Nebraska Queen, and while, in substance, it is strictly true, as far as it is confined to the latitude of its author, when applied to the South the para- graph will need some modification. The writer of the above is correct when he says bees must use honey to keep up animal heat; and I will further add that, when bees are in motion there is an expenditure of nerve and muscular power, and that this power can only be main- tained at the expense of honey. For this reason it takes fully as much honey to winter a colony of bees in the South, with our mild winters, as it does North with your cold winters. Here the bees can fly every few days during the winter, and consequently use up their stores very fast. The past winter with us has been unusually cold, and bees had fewer flights and consumed much less honey than usual. It takes, on an average, from 20 to 30 pounds of honey to carry a strong colony over the winter until the first of April. The buUc of this honey is consumed in rearing brood before they can gather much from natural sources. CONDUCTED BY xjR. c. c. aiili.br, aiaren^go, ill, [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct.] A Question on Transferring. I have some bees and would like to transfer them from the old hives to new ones. Do you think it would set them back any this year, to transfer them next month. May ? I want them to swarm this summer. H. H. W. Independence, Oreg. Answer. — I don't think it will put them back very much, but it must interfere somewhat with their household arrange- ments, and I believe I'd rather put it ofiE till later, especially as you want them to swarm once. About three weeks after swarming there will be no brood in the combs, so there will be no loss of brood by transferring, and you may be a little surer of their swarming if you don't transfer first. Material for Filling in Bee-Cellar Wall. I wish to build a cellar for wintering bees — an outside cellar. Now suppose I ceil up the outside and inside to 2x4 scantling, then nail cleats up and down on the inside, one inch thick, then lath to them in the ordinary way, and plaster — what would be the best material to fill in the space between the ceiling ? or would the cellar be warmer with the dead air space, without filling in anything? W. C. Luce, Mich. Answer. — I really don't know whether it would be best to put in any filling or not. Perhaps it is better without any. As to material for filling, sawdust might suit the case. But before you build the walls of wood, it might be well to notice what P. D. Wallace says on page 2-48. I don't mean where he talks about using T tins upside down, but where he talks about the advantage of a stone wall. My ideal would be a stone wall, then cleats or scantling lathed and plastered. Some Other Insects in the Hive. I have one colony, and looking over them this spring, I found the frames and walls of the hive full of small, cigar- shaped insects, having two horns, no wings, and their color is dark blue. They can jump and move very quickly about the hive. Are they destructive to the bees and honey ? How can I get rid of them ? C. E. H. Canton, Ohio, April 26. Ansvper. — I don't know what they are, but I feel confident you needn't trouble yourself about them, for they will do no harm, and as soon as bees get fairly to work they will dis- appear. ■ — ■ — ^^— Green Paint on Queen-Cages. If green paint is allowed to remain on the wire screen cloth that queen-cages are made of, will the bees be liable to get poisoned from it ? "Out West." Answer. — I've had queens in such cages hundreds of times, and I never knew any harm to come of it. Still, if I could just as well do without the green paint I should prefer to do so. ^ I ^ Nuclei or Bees by the Pound, Etc. I wish to begin (in a small way) keeping bees this spring. 1. Would ybu advise me to buy nuclei, or bees by the pound ? 2. If I were to buy a colony of native bees, and another of Italians, would they be likely to quarrel or rob each other? Our natives are quite gentle. W. D. M. Peris, Oreg. Answers. — 1. If you're getting a queen with them, a nucleus is a nice thing, but if you want the bees alone, it will be cheaper to get them by the pound. 2. Blacks and Italians get along together just as well as if all of the same kind. I've had lots of them mixed in the same hive, and never knew any trouble. Of course bees of two different colonies are not always on the most friendly terms, but it makes no difference as to the kind. Italianizing an Apiary. How can I Italianize an apiary of 30 colonies by buying one Italian queen and also keeping all the colonies with queens ? J. R. BIyth, Ont. Answer. — I don't know of any way you can do it and be sure that every colony has a pure Italian queen, for that not only means one that is reared from a pure mother, but she must also be purely mated herself. For the young queens that you rear stand a rather poor chance of being purely mated, with black drones all about them. However, you probably do not expect to have all purely mated at the start, and your question then amounts to asking how you can fur- nish to each of the 30 colonies a queen reared from your pure Italian queen, and yet have no colony at any time without a laying queen. I'm not sure whether I could do it every time without fail, but I'll tell you how I have accomplished it in some cases that 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 299 I have tried. Get your colonies up in strong condition, never letting the queen lack for want of room to lay. At or a little before the time for swarming you will have from six to ten frames occupied with brood. Take out two of them with ad- hering bees, being sure you don't get the queen, replacing the frames of brood with empty combs. Put three stories of empty combs over the lower story, and' put in the upper story the two frames of brood with adhering bees. Leave a small entrance at the upper story, just large euough for one or two bees at a time. In two or three days, when the bees have started one or more queen-cells in this fourth story, cut them out and give them a sealed queen-cell reared from your pure queen. If your bees act like mine they will have a lay- ing queen in due time in that upper story, she having gone out of the upper entrance to be fecundated, although there is nothing to hinder her going down through the lower entrance. I have, however, only tried this in a very few cases, and possibly in the next case there might be collision between the queens, so latterly I have put a queen-excluder over the first or second story. When the queen is laying above, you can kill the old queen below, and put down the upper story for the second story. Or, if you prefer, you can leave the queen above until a strong colony is there, and then move either the first or tlie fourth story to a new location. Whichever one is left on the old stand will be very strong, and the removed one correspond- ingly weakened. I have left the two hives together in the same pile till the close ot the honey harvest. If you want to keep the forces divided, without weakening the one removed, you can enlarge the upper entrance early in the season, and as soon as the hive becomes well filled with brood and bees, or any time later, up to the close of the harvest, put a bottom- board under the upper story so as to stop all communication between the two queens. Will Bees Freeze with Plenty of Honey ?— Taxing Bees. 1. Will bees freeze to death in single-walled hives when they have free access to all of the honey that they want ? 2. Are bees assessed in other States the same as in Ohio ? They are valued here at §1.50 per colony. A good many have lost their bees by not giving them any protection. Soft maples are in blossom, and bees are working nicely, gathering pollen and honey. They have commenced brood-rearing well. W. L. R. Pioneer, Ohio, April 23. Answers. — 1. That might be answered with a plain no, but still if the temperature should be low enough and contin- ued for long enough time, they would use up all the honey inside the cluster and then freeze and starve at the same time. 2. I believe they are not assessed in all States, but I oint in the country. Dealer in Honey and Beeswax. Cata- llTJalAve-WaiterS. Ponder INDIANAPOLIS, IND, Mention the American Bee Journal. Woodcliff Queens. I will send a Guaranteed 5-Banded Yellow Queen, bred from a Breeder selected from 1000 Queens (some producing over 400 lbs. of honey to the colony): or a a-Banded Italian Leather-Colored Queen direct from a Breeder imported from Italy. Oct. '94— at 75c., and a special low price tor a quantity. My secret is to sell an extra-large amount, which enables me to sell at low prices. Will run this spring 3.')0 Nuclei — have 1 home and 4 out apiaries. Bookins Orders Now — will begin shipping about May 1st. No Queens superior to my Strain. t^~ Send for Descriptive Catalogue and Testimonials, to Wm. a. Selser, Wyncote. Pa. Mention tlie American Bee JowmoA. 304 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 9, COMB FOUNDATION. Made by Improved Macliiuory. Get Samples. Here are prices by the pound— just compare. 1 lb. 5 lbs. 10 lbs. 25 lbs. S^&^^I.roodhSc. 40c. .no. 38C. Light " 44 42 41 40 Thin Surplus 50 47 40 45 Extra-Thin Sur. 55 52 51 50 ^^ If wiiuted at those prices, send to W.J. Fi«ch,Jr., Springfield, 111 Me>itu,i\ Ijtf American lice Joutixil. The American STI HIVI RAW Latest and Best. £■ Perfectly adapted to Modern Bee Culture. Illustiateii Circalai Free. HAYCK BROS., QUINCY, ILL. lyA.s l'lc;ise Mieution the Bee Journal. The Adels-A IVew Strain of Bees Friends. I shall lie prepared to fill orders for Adel and Italian Queens June 1. Try them Warranted. $1; Tested. Jl. 50; Select Tes . $-2. 17A Joseph Erivay, Havana, N. Y. Write to Witi. H. Bright— For prices on all Improved Bee- Fixtures- Hives, Seel ions. Comb Foiincla. lion, Broorotection against any insect that tlies. Will go over any ordinarv t-ized hat; can be worn in bed with- out discomfort: tits iinr head; does no^ obstruct the vision; folds ' Tupacily, and can be carried in the pocket: in sh-rt, it isihvaluable to anv one 'horn, flies bother, ujosguitus bite, or bees sting. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO. ILLS. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers, Most of whom Quote in this Journal. ('tiiea^t>. Ills. J. A. Lamon, 4:i South Water St. K. A. BnRNETT Jt Co.. 163 South Water Street. \cw York, N. Y. F. I. Sage & Son. 183 Reade Street. HiLDKETH Bros, ii Seqelkbn. 28 & 30 West Broadway. Chas. Israel & Bros.. 110 Hudson St. I. J. Stbingham. 105 Park Place. Kansas City, nio. C. C. Clemoms i- Co., 423 Walnut St. BuSalo, N. V. Battebson & Co.. 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chas. Dadant & Son. Fblladelpbka, Fa. Wm. a. Selseh, 10 Vine St. Cincinnati, Oblo. C. F. Mute & Son, cor. Freeman & Central ave. i 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 305 for my little workers as the cold winter months crept slowly by. and no sign of life was seen about the hives — only dead bees choking the entrance. But during the last of February came two or three bright, warm days, the mercury running up to (5.5 degrees, and out poured the bees by the hundred, and what a joyful time they had ! And now the 13th day of April is here, the buds are bursting, flowers are blooming in the weeds, and every hive is full of life. Of 2S colonies that went in for the winter last fall, not one is dead, and all with plenty of bees and honey, and building up rapidly. I have been keeping bees about six years, and have never lost a colony from any cause whatever. My neighbors' bees die, and they wonder why mine live. I believe the whole secret is, that I see they have ample stores in the fall, and always a tjooJ queen. So far my largest honey-yields have always followed cold winters. F. T. Brooke. Brookewood, Va., April 13. Small Loss — Gathering' Pollen. Bees wintered fairly well. I found only 4 dead when I put them out on April 4. This is a very small loss out of 171 colonies. They are gathering pollen to-day. J. M. DOUDNA. Alexandria, Minn., April 11. liOng Winter and Backward Spring. I am much pleased with the able and pro- gressive American Bee Journal. Long may it wave. Bees are suffering considerable in this section from the long severe winter and the backward spring. S. S. Butts. Wyalusing, Pa., April 13. Let Their Bees Starve. There are a few bees here, but no bee- men, because they let them all starve the past winter. I have 36 left out of 28 last fall. Sol Hakpst. Kremis, Pa., April 23. Half the Crop from Raspberry. 1 am very much pleased with the im- proved Bee Journal. Its columns are read and re-read, as I am very much interested in my bees. My crop was 125 pounds per colony of extracted honey last year — one- half from raspberry, stored in drawn combs. R. D. HoRTOX. Blossburg, Pa., April 33. Wintered Fairly Well. Bees wintered fairly well here. I have 46 colonies in good condition. They are gathering natural pollen to-day, the first this spring. I never saw bees work on bran and ground feed as strong as they did this spring. Some of the pollen that they are gathering to-day is green. I don't know where they get it. C. C. Zinn. Windsor, Colo., April 16. Candied Pine Honey-Dew. I herewith send you a small quantity of pine honey-dew. It was gathered last De- cember. Some one has said in the Bee Journal that honey-dew never candies, but pine honey-dew always candies in the hive or out, winter or summer. The honey is about the color of basswood honey.' Wallaceburg. Ark. F. C. Morrow. [Thank you, Mr. M., for the sample. is candied, sure enough. — Editor.] It Bees in Pierce Co., Wash. On page 326. J. R. K. desired to know how bees do in Pierce Co., Wash. I have kept bees in Pierce county for about six years. I run my bees largely for queens, and of course it interferes somewhat with my honey crop, but I would say that 50 Largest Factory iu the West. -COMPLETE STOCK.- Good Supplies and Low Prices— Our Motto. We are here to serve you, and will, if you give us a ch.ance. Catalugne Free. Address, Mention this Journal. LEAHY MANUFACTURING CO., HIGGINSVILUE, Mo. A. WORD TO THE WISE I will pay the Freight on Cash Orders of $30 or over at Catalogue rates, if within 300 miles of Chicago. —My Illustrated Catalogue— of Bee-Keepers' Supplies FREE. Tlios. G. Newman, 147 Southwestern Ave. CHICAGO, ILLi. California It you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers, Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy ot California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated, $2.40 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL, PRESS, 220 Market St., - SAN FEANCISCO, CAL. FOUNDATION Is way up, and it will pay you to look around. Working AVax iuto Foundation by the lb. a Specialty. Beeswax wanted at all times. I pay the highest price, and sell Foundation at a low margin. Send lor Samples and Prices, to— GUS DITTMEK, AUGUSTA, WIS, Reference— Augusta Bank, 16Atf APIARIAN SUPPLIES 'L'tfl^^^f^g. Keeper "—bow to manage bees, etc.— 25 cts. The '* Model Coop." for hen and her brood Wyandotte, Langshan and Leghorn Eggs for hatching. Cat. free, but state what you want J. W. ROUSE & CO., Mexico, Uo. GOOD GOODS are always in demand. I ^Whl P R I ^^ F Q ^^^ appeciated in these times. PnOiVIP^ OKlsVlwt is a necessity to business. We Combine All Three. i^~ Write for free Catalogue and Price-List. . G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis. IW Be sure to mention the American Bee Journal when you write. _^^ PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION Has No Sag In Brood-Frames Thin Flat-i;ottoni Foundation Qas Ko Fisbhoue io the Sarplns Houey. Belnn the cleanest is usually worked the qalckest of any Foundation made J. VAN DEUSEN Ac SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Sprout Brook MontRomery Co.. N. Y. BEGINNERS. Beginners should have a copy of the Amateur Bee-Keeper, a 70-page book by Prof. J. W. Rouse. Price 25 cents; if sent by mail, 28c. The little book and the Progressive Bee-Keeper (a live, pro- gressive 28-page monthly journal) one year, 65n. Address any flrst-class dealer, or LEAHY MFG. 00., Higginsville, Mo. THE PI.ACE To get your QIIEENS and BEES. Untes- ted Queens— Caniiolans. 3-Bands and 5-Band8 —$1.00 eac!h;6 tor $5.00; or S9, GO per dozen. Tested — ;3-Bands, $1.50; 5-Bands. %l.hO each; Carniolans, $2.00 each. Fine Breeders, eith- er race. $5.00 each. Bees by the Pound. $1.00; 10 or more. 90c. each. Nuclei, $1.00 a Frame; 10 frames, 90c.— made to suit any hive. You can have any of the Queens, as above, at their price extra to go with Nuclei. Send for Free Catalogue that tells all about Queen-Rearing. Also ask for a sample copy ot the new bee-journal, first issue out May the 1st. We are determined to give you a journal second to none, and at the end of a year if you are not well paid tor the $1.00 I will gladly return your money. Look for something rare and Interesting In "The Southland Queen." A Bec-Hlve Factory running everyday. THE JENNIE ATCHIEY CO. 18At£ HEEVILLE, Bee Co., TEXAS. 306 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 9, pounds of comb honey is an average crop here, retailing quite readily at 2(J cents. White clover furnishes our only surplus, so our honey is all No. 1. C. E. P. Tacoma, Wash. Bees Swarming: and Storing. I have taken no honey in two years, and had to feed mj' bees a barrel of sugar this winter and last fall. My bees are swarm- ing now, and gathering honey. Prospects are good for a crop. I doubled them up last fall from .SO to 40, and then had to feed, Gibson, Miss., April 19, E. Israel. Wliite Clover Never Looked Better. The bees here did not do very well the past season. It was too wet in the spring, and too dry after that. They have wintered very poorly. I think the loss will be over 50 per cent, through this part of the State, some having lost all. The prospect is good for those that have any bees left. The white clover never looked better. Winchester Rickel. Burket, Ind., April 16. Wintered Well Generally. Bees in this part of Iowa did but very little last season, but from what I can learn they have as a general thing wintered well. I have 28 colonies, and the most of them are in pretty good condition. I winter mine in a cave. Success to the American Bee Jour- nal. Samuel Flort, South English, Iowa, April 30, Expect a Good Season. Bees in Ontario county have wintered well, as a general thing. They are bring- ing in pollen to-day, which they are in need of very much, I never saw as little in the hives at this time of the year. We are ex- pecting a good season this year, and don't want to be disappointed, H. L. Case. Bristol Centre, N. Y., April 18. He Takes a Front Seat. I see on page 340 a man claims the cham- pionship as the oldest bee-keeper. He will have to take a back seat for me. I com- menced keeping bees July 30, 1833, and am at it yet. I have 300 colonies in my care to-day in good condition, and I am able to do as good a day's work as any man. I have worked hard ever since I was old enough to work. I have followed painting 60 years. I spend the bee-season with my bees. They are the first consideration. The rest of my time I work at the painting business. I keep a good foreman — my son — who is a fine workman. He is 40 years old. I have two sons and one son-in-law that are good workmen, and we work to- gether. I am strictly temperate, try to be strictly moral, go to bed regularly at 8 o'clock, and get up at 4 in the summer, and Sin winter; pay 100 cents on a dollar, eat, drink, and be merry, do unto others as I would have others do unto me, and weigh 195 pounds, standing 5 feetll,'^ inches in my stockings. That is how I am to-day, Seneca T, Crandall, Hartford City, Wis,, April 15, Bee-Keeping in Kansas. Our bees went through the winter on the summer stands without loss, I lost a couple of colonies during our March blizzard, prob- ably due to moving our apiary some half mile for better accommodations, as it had quite outgrown our old quarters. This is, taken all in all, as good a bee and honey country as I have ever seen. Where three years ago we secured our start in bees for our proposed apiary, there were no bees nearer than .50 miles, and today I dare say that, except our own, there are not more than .50 colonies within that radius, I have not seen a bee-moth in two years, and never but two since we started in the bee- business, and those two came in some nuclei that were shipped to us from Iowa, and I at once caught and killed them — the moths, not the nuclei. There are certain disadvantages peculiar, probably, to this section that annoy and perplex the apiarist, among which are our '•(77/ sudden and radical changes of weather — violent storms of wind, rain and hail; also our hot, dry winds of midsummer, that wrench, burn and dry everything com- pletely. We would not like to risk trying to produce bees and honey outside of our irrigated region. The ditch water appears to be our salvation. Under the ditch two crops of alfalfa each year are grown for seed successfully, and when grown for seed it is a great source of honey, of very super- ior quality— equal to, and probably super- ior, to white clover, Mr. Alley says that he never " tasted " any better honey than our " unripe alfalfa honey," or honey from alfalfa extracted before it has been sealed by the bees. If we wait until it is sealed we do not find it practical, or hardly possi- ble, to use the extractor. Honey gets ripe very quickly in our hot, dry summer weather, James H, Wing. Syracuse, Kan., April 15. Bees Were Kept in Too Long. Many lost their bees here the past winter. I believe they were kept in too long. We lost a few colonies. G. G. Dexter. S. Alabama, N. Y., April 14. Small Loss in Wintering. I think the Bee Journal better than ever. I have 73 colonies out of TO. All were win- tered on the summer stands. M. Beaupre. Forestville, Ont., April 33. Good Colonies Get Lighter in Winter. On page 87, this question is asked: "If a good strong colony of bees is put into the cellar, as a general ruledoesitget lighter?" I should say yes, invariably, I set scales at the foot of the cellar stairs, and weigh each hive when carried in, and weigh again as I carry them out, an^ the loss in weight is all the way from 4 or 5 pounds to 30 or 32 pounds. Why is there such a difference in loss of weight, wintered in the same cellar, carried in at the same time, and carried out at the same time ? I cannot say how it would be out-doors, as I never tried winter- ing bees out-doors, I keep 100 colonies, Marshalltown, Iowa, O. B, Barrows. Bees for Pleasure. My 6 colonies of bees are all right. They are a great jileasure for me. (Rev.) J. Newman. Ann Arbor, Mich., April 15. Tin Separators. To use tin separators, and not have the comb honey so much travel-stained, dip them in hot melted besswax; and so they will not be so cold, have them perforated. H. V. Poor Prospects for Honey. The prospect lor honey is poor this year, as our country is overstocked with bees raging with foul brood. S. M. Carlzen. Montclair, Colo.. April 15. Bee-Keeping in Tennessee. I have examined my bees to-day. and found them in good condition. They are gathering pollen and honey from the oaks, apple-bloom and red bud. On page 95 I mentioned some colonies re- taining their drones in winter quarters in 1894. Mr. Wilcox wanted me to report the condition of these colonies. They are in extra-good condition, and have good queens. The hives are full of bees, and the combs about full of brood. Some of them are stor- ing honey in the sections. If this isn't extra condition I don't know what is. for this time of the year, considering the hard winter. It is early to cut bee-trees. A neighbor of mine cut one the other day, saved the bees, and got two water buckets full of honey. I have been traveling some lately. I saw some bee-keepers with 1 to 16 colonies in logs or box-hives. Some say they wouldn't have any other kind. I took dinner at one man's house who bad 6 colonies of bees — "the regular fighters," so he said. My partner wanted to sell him some hives and queens. He asked the price of the queens, and was told si. 00. He said that he would behanged if he would ever give a dollar for one bee. He said that he had tried all kinds of hives, but none suited him as well as the ones that he had on hand. They were hollow logs, about 3'.; feet long, set on flat rocks on a hillside. The cover over them was the head of hives. The prospect for a honey crop this year is good, if it doesn't rain too much in the next month. I have a honey wheelbarrow to carry the combs to the honey-house and back to the hives. It has a box that holds IS frames of combs, and a tool box on the front end to carry knives and other things. I made the wheelbarrow myself. When I need any- thing I make it. I have a section-holder and a foundation fastener of my own con- struction. There is nothing like being handy, so that if you need anything you can make, you can save buying it. I don't buy any bee-supplies except sections or comb foundation, A. C, Baeb. Greenville, Tenn., April 19. LangstrothrrK Hone) -Bee -REVISED BY THE DADANTS- This m igniflcent classic in bee-literature has been entirely re-written, and is fully Illustra- ted. It treats of everj'thing relating- to bees and bee-keeping. No apiarian library is com- Elete without this standard work by Rev. L. . Langstroth— the Father of American Bee- Culture. It has 5'20 pages, and is substan- tially bound in cloth. Price, postpaid, $1,40; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year— both lor $2,15; or the book free as a premium for sending us 4 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at SI each G. 'W. YORK & CO., 56 5th Ave., Chicago, 111. ConTenUon IVotices. Illinois,— The spring meeting of the North- ern Illinois Bee-Keepers' Association will be held at the residence of H, W, Lee, in PecatOQ- Ica, May 21, 1895. It will be held one week later if it is a stormy day. New Milford, 111. B. Kennedy, Sec. RUDY'S PILE SUPPOSITORY Is guaranteed to cure Piles and Constipation, or money refunded. 50 cents .per box. Send two stamps for circular and free Sample to MAKTIN RUDY, Registered Pharmacist, Lan- caster, Pa, No Postals Answered, For sale b.v all flrst-class druggists everywhere, Peter Van Schaaek & Sons, Robt, Stevenson & Co., Morrison. Plummer & Co., and Lord, Owen cS Co.. Wholesale Agents, Chicago, Ills. Please mention the Bee Journal. Novl5 Wajits or Excjiaiiges. This department is only for your " Wants " or bona-nde " Exchanges," and such will be Inserted here at 10 cents a Hue for each time, when specially ordered into this depart- ment. E.YChanges for cash or for price-lists. or notices offering articles for sale, will not be inserted here— such belong in the regular advertising columns, at regular rales. rilO EXCHANGE -Silver-Spangle Hamburg? -L for Golden-Spangle Hamburgs. 19A2 Warren Collins, Indianflelds, N. Y. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 307 100 BREEDING QUEENS We have got 100 very line Select Breeding Gray Carniolan Queens that we can ship bv return mail for $3.50 each Don't fail to sent for our Free Descriptive i'rieo-List of the GRAY GARNIOLANS ... Address, GOLDEN ITALIANS. F. A. liOCKHARX A: €0., ITIi LAKE GEORGE, N. T. Mcnticm the American Bee Journals BEBESHIBB, Chester White, Jeriey Bed and Poland ChinR FIGS. Jersey, Guernsey sod Holfltein Cattle. Tboroughbred Sheep. Fancy Poaltry- Hunting tad Hoase Doga. Catalogue. g, wTl'tflTH. €oclu«BTlUe, ChcBter Co.. Pennft. 1 J1J':36 Mention the American Bee Journal. E.L.Kincaid's Ad Notice to Bee-Keepers & Dealers. I have one of the Largest and Best Equipped Factories in the West devoted entirely to the Ha^ing'securei Bee-Keepcrs' Supplies. the right to manufacture the Improved Illg;sln«vllle Hive Cover, I will place it on all Hives sent out this year, unless other- wiseordered. Sendyournameon apostalcard at once, for Large Illustrated Catalogue and Price-List free, giving prices and full descrip- tion of the Improved Hive Cover, D. T. Hives, Sections. Frames. Supers, Crates. Boxes, Ex- tractors, Foundation, Smokers. Veils. Queen- Cages, Etc. E. L. KiNCAiD, Walker, Mo. 7D8t Mention the American Bee Journal. ONE MAN WITH THE UNION ^""-ij,-:;^"'^ Can do the work of four men using hand tools, in Kipping, Cutting-off, Mi- tring, Rabbeting, Groov- ing, Gaining. Dadoing, Edging-up. Jointing Stuff, etc. Full Lineof Foot and Hand Power Machinery. Sold on Trial. Oatalogne Fr«e. SENECA FALLS ITIFG. CO., 46 Water St., SENECA FALLS. N. Y 33D12 Mention the Amtrifnn Bee Journal. Italiau BEES & QUEENS Ready in May. Queens, ll.Ou. Bees by the Pound, $1.00. Two-frame Nuclei, with Queen *2 50. One-frame, $2.00. Also, Barred P. R. Eggs, for setting, $1.00 per 15. Mrs. A. A. SIMPSON, Boz 48, Swarts, Fa. 15A18t Please mention the Bee Journal. "tlJf-lT 16 Years Best on Earth Sent per mail on receipt of price. . i Circulars and Doz. rates *| Bent on application. Doctor, 314 in.. Largest Smoker made. . . $1.75 Conqueror. ;j-inch stove 1.50 Large. 2 H-in«h stove 1.00 Plain Standard, 2-inch stove 70 Little Wonder. IJi-inch stove 50 Bingham & Hetherington Honey-Knife. .80 T.F. BIKGHA>I, Abronia, IMicli. 10 A Mention the Ameriexin Bee Journal. FOR SALE. 90« rillftnifiiC »' ITALIAN A- HYBRID ii\n} VlHOIIlf » BEES in 8-frame Langstroth Hives. Italians. to.OOt Hybrids, $4.50— deliv- ered at the depot in Jetfersou free of charge. Also a lot of Bee-Supplies. Mrs. C. Grimm, Jefferson, Wis. 18A2 Mention the American Bee Journal. Questioi^'Box^ In the multitude of counsellors there is safety. — Prov. 11-14. Cold Cellar for Bees in AVinter —What to Do Willi It. Query 970.— My cellar sometimes runs down to freezing. 1. What Is best to do? 2. If flres are kept In the cellar, at what temper- ature are they unnecessary ?— Wisconsin. Mrs. L, Harrison — 1. Warm it. 2. 40-'. E. France — I don't know. I winter all out-doors. Wm. M. Barnum — If it is dry, let it and the bees alone. B.Taylor — 1. Make your cellar warm- er. 2, 38° and upward. W. G, Larrabee — I have had no ex- perience with cellar-wintering. Prof, A. J. Cook — Just keep a slight coal fire so as to keep it to 45°, Fahr. Mrs. J, N. Heater — 45° above is a good temperature to keep your cellar. Dr, C. C. Miller — 1. Put in a hard coal fire. 2. When the cellar stays above 40- without fire. J. E. Pond — I never wintered bees ex- cept on the summer stands, so I have no experience in the matter. Kev. M. Mahin — My little experience with bees in the cellar does not warrant the expression of an opinion. J, P. H. Brown— In my climate we winter bees out-of-doors; but I would say, keep your cellar at about 45°, G. M. Doolittle — For the most perfect wintering the temperature of the cellar should be kept between 40° and 45-. Rev. Emerson T. Abbott — I do not know anything about cellar-wintering. Bees do not need a flre. They do not freeze, they starve. J. A. Green — 1. I have had little ex- perience with fires in bee-cellars. 2. If I were to have any, I would not want the temperature to go below 45°. H. D. Cutting— When it goes to 36° I light a lamp in the cellar and bring it up to 3S° I prefer 38° to 40° in a dry cellar; 40° to 45- in a damp celUr. R. L. Taylor — 1. Bank up your cellar so as to keep out the cold better. 2. I should let the temperature run down to 35°, Fahr., for short periods of time rather than resort to flres. Eugene Secor — A cellar that freezes is a bad place for bees unless it is very dry. 1. I would try to keep it from freezing, and if necessary use artificial warmth. 2. At 40-' or above. Chas. Dadant&Son — If you put plenty of bees in your cellar they will keep up the heat. The temperature that winters the bees best is 4U to 45°. Better have it a little cold at times than too warm. C. H. Dibbern— Better fix the cellar so it will be warmer. Fires should only be resorted to when the freezing point is reached, and the temperature should not be raised much over 45°. The fire should not be allowed to light up the cellar much, or many bees will fly and get lost. Jas. A. Stone — 1. There must be an air-hole that lets the warm air ascend — if so, stop it. 2. Any where above freez- ing. I have a neighbor who has a double wall to his cellar — and still it freezes, and he wondered how it hap- pened. He' has a tire-place in it, with open chimney. As nature will have it, the warm air ascends and the cold air descends, consequently the result. P. H. Elwood — Keep fire if you will attend to it, and do not let the cellar get- either too hot or too cold. You will find it close work. The temperature depends something on how freely your hives are ventilated. With top ventilation the temperature can go a little higher. Give them a temperature at which they will keep quiet. G. W. Demarree — My experiments published in the Bee Journal some years ago, showed that to heat up the apart- ment in which the bees are kept in the winter, for six or eight hours, once a week, will restore the bees to healthy condition if there is provided thorough " upward ventilation " to each hive, dur- ing the time the h^ating-up process is going on. DAVIS-JOHNSON CO western agents h.p.m'f'e,cc 45 E.Jackson St. FOOLISH MAN?more^"thaa you If you neglect your interests in careing for your Apples. J^ | H^ H ■% ^ays when youmakejtwithI"|ll^EFtlie Hyd- raulic press. 1 ■ 1 11 r nsavestime money and fatig- "■■'■■■■ ue. Makes more and better Cider easier and quicker. Write for Catalogue of Cider, Fruit Machin- ery, Spray Pumps, etc. Address as above. ] 5 D 1 .3 Mention the American Bee JoumaL SAVE MONEY 1! "^^l^l^^am ITALIAN QUEENS Foundation at Wholesale Prices. Hives, suited for the South, or SUPPLIES, send for Price-List— to J. P. H. BROW.\, ^H5^^sT.i^, 10A1.3t Mention the American Bee JcumaL Globe Bee Veil By Mail for One Dollar. Five cross-bars are rlvitcd In the 'centre at the top. These bend down f and button to studs on a neck-band. The bars are best light spring steel. - Tlie neck-band is hard spring brass. Tile netting is white with face-piece of blaclt to see through. It is easily put together and folds compactly in a case, 1x6x7 Inches, -tiie whole weighing but 3 ounces. It can be worn over an ordinary hat; fits any head; does notobstruct the vision, and can be worn In bed without discomfort. It Is a boon to any one wboir flies bother, mosqultos bite, or bees sting. ^?~ This Veil we club with the Bee Journal for one year— both forJl.To; or give free as a. Premium for sending us 3 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at Si. 00 each. GEOBGE "W. ^ORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. Coiiib FouiKktidii. ]:^!'^'^:^%^ which I will sell made up into Medium Brood and "Thin Surplus Foundation at 40c. and 50c. per pound respectively until all is ordered. Order :it once it wanted. J. J. ANGl S. 18.-i4 PLYMOUTH, WIS Mention the American Bee Journal 308 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 9, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! It iB always economy to buy the best, espe- cially when the best cost no more than something not half so good. OUK FAL- CON SECTIONS are acknowledged to be superior to any on the market. The same is also true of our HIVES and BEE- KEEl'EKS' SUPPLIES, of which we malse all modern styles. OUR PRICES will be found as low as those of any of our competitors, and in many cases low- er, and rou are always sure of gettinst flrst-class goods. We also publish THE AMERICAN HEE-KEEPER, a monthly magazine (Fifllr year) at 50c. a year, in- valuable to beginners. Large illustrated catalogue and piice-list free. Address, THEW.T.FALCOmMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, K. Y. |^~ W. m. tiei-i-lsli. of East Nottlns- liani, N. H., is our Eastern agent. New England customers may save freiglit by pur- chasing of him. GOLDEN QUEENS From Texas. WS„:i^S,' as wfll as lor Beauty and Geiitlene«N. p^i^ Safe arrival and reasonable satisfac- tion guaranteed. Write for Prlce-List. trnfosted, S/.OO— Tested. S1.50. J. D. GIVENS, ^^^^P^'TEx. 10A26 Mention the American Bee Journal. I ARISE O SAY to the readers of the BEE JOURNAL thai DOOLlTTliE has concluded to Bell —BEES and QUEEN8- In tbelr season, during 1895. at thefoUowinfT prices : One Colony of Italians on 9 Gallup frames, in liRhtBhippinR-box $7 00 Five Colonies 3000 Ten Colonies 5000 1 untested queen. 1 00 6 " queens 12 1 tested Queen... 8 " Queens . 1 select tested q ueen 2 00 3 " " Oueenasoc Select tesied queen, previous season's rearing . 4 00 Bxtra Selected for breedins;, thb very best. . 6 00 About a Pound of BKKS in a Two-frame Nucleus. with any Queen, |2.oo extra. V Circular free, glvlnK full particulars regard- ing the Bees and each class of Queens. Address G. M. DOOLITTLE, T 5 50 10 UO »15U 4 00 12A25t BORODINO. Onon. Co., N. T. MUTH'S HONET EXTRACTOR PERFECTION Cold-Blattt Smokers, Etc. Square Glass Honey Jars. For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. MnTH & Son. Cor. Freeman i: Central Ayes., Cincinnati, 0. Send lOo tor Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers. Mentioii llie American Bee JouniriL -SOUTHERN- Home of the Hoiiea-Bee Where you can buy (tueens, as good as the best— Warranted Purely Mated, and guarau- teed free from Paralysis. From either an Im- ported or a Straght 5-IJ. or Golden Mother— 7.t cents each; 12 tor87..50. Tested, $1.00 each; 12 for $9.00. After June let. 50 cents each; 12 for$4.00: Tested, 75 cents each. 12.. $7.50, Good Breeders, $2,00 each; Straight 5-B. or "Faultless" Queens, 12.50 each. Bees. 75e. per lb. Circular Free. Address, IIUFSTEDLER BRO§. 10A2G CLAKKSVILLE, TEX. Mention the A.mcHcan Dee Journal. Abbott's Space. That " St. Joe " Hive ! 11^° Your hives came all right and went together well The " St. Joe" is a daisy. — Barnard, Mo. Write for a Circular and Say How Many Hives You Will Need. Address, Emerson T. /[bbott ST. JOSEPH, MO. Mention the American Bee JouniaX, Hill Bee-Feeders. We have a few of the Hill Bee-Feeders on hand, which we mail, prepaid, 2 for 40c, Or 12 by express for $1.50 —6 for 80c. We win send 2 postpaid with the Bee Journal for a year, for $1.25, or give two Feeders as a Premium tor sendins: us One New Sub- scriber to the Bee Journal, with $1.00. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. Your Beeswax Exchanged UNTIt FVRTHEK NOTICE, we will allow 30 cents per pound for Good Tel- low Beeswax, delivered at our office— in ex- cliau^e for Subscription to the BEE Journal, for Books, or anything that we offer for sale In the Bee JouitNAL, In thus exchanging, we cannot afford to allow any Club Hate prices. Always ship the Wax by Express, and pre- pay the charges; also put 5 our name and address on the pacliage to avoid mistalses. GEORGE W. YORK & CO.. - CHICAGO, ILLS. Seventeen Years Ago «*** «»* Dadant's Foundation Was first offered for sale. The following parties keep it in stock and have kept it for years for sale. Why ? Because they want to handle only the best goods, and they say they get the best goods when they buy Dadant's Foundation, Thomas G. Newman. Chicago, Ills. C. F. Muth & Son. Cincinnati, Ohio Chas. H. Green, Waukesha, Wis. Chaa. Hertel, Freeburg. Ills. B. Kretchmer, Red Oak, Iowa. Jos. Nysewander. Ues Moines, Iowa. G. B. Lewis Co.. Watertown, Wis. James Reynolds Elevator Co., PouRhkeepsie. N Y. P&ne & Lyon. New London, Wis. La. Bee-Keepers' Supply Co., Donaldsonville, La. E. F. Quigley, Uniunville, Mo. G. K. Hubbard. Fort Wavne. Ind. L. Hanssen, Davenport, Iowa. C. Theilmann, Theilmanton. Minn. E. C. Eaglesfield, Berlin. Wis. Walter 8. Pouder. Indianapolis, Ind E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph, Mo. J. M. Jenkins, Wetumpka, Alabama Jobn Key, East Saginaw, Mich. J. W. Bittenbender. Knoxville, Iowa. Vickerv Bros.. Evansville, Ind. Mrs. Jennie Atehlev, Beevilie, Texas. Is not such a steady trade a proof of real merit in the goods we sell ? We also make a specialty of Veils and Veil Stufi^ of best quality. Beeswax Wanted at All Times. Bee-Tceepers' Supplies, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails, etc. Samples of Foun- dation and Tulle FREE with circular. Instructions to beginners with circular. Send us your address. CHAS. DADANT & SON, Mention the American Bee Journal. HAMILTON, Hancock Co. , ILiL. OUR SIX GREAT LEADERS They are All Superb in / ROOT'S POLISHED SECTIONS. ROOT'S DOVETAILED HIVES. COWAN EXTRACTORS. CRANE AND CLARK SMOKERS. ROOT'S FOUNDATION. \ GLEANINGS IN BEE-CULTURE. Thirty-six-page Catalog free, telling all about these and our other Goods. Address, ilciUion the AuicHcan Bee Journal. The A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, O. and PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. 35tli Year. CHICAGO, ILL., MAY 16, 1895. No. 20. Corjtributed /Krticlcs^ On Imfiortant Aiiiarian Sut>Jecrts. Something on the Prevention of Swarming. BY C. DAVENPORT. I believe the majority of bee-keepers, especially in the North, favor natural swarming. They claim better results can be obtained by allowing each colony to swarm once. I am very glad to say that I cannot agree with them, not that I we have queen-traps and swarm guards which are a great help, although they do not work as well«as some might infer from reading about them, especially in large yards, for when the traps or guards are used swarms will sometimes alight and mix up, and occasionally two or three will go, or try to go, into one hive, and if there are any e.xtra queens around, virgin or otherwise, swarms will sometimes accept one of these, and pull for the woods. I have lost a few swarms this way, and it was a great mystery to me why tliey left, when I had their queens trapped. I never knew the reason until recently, when Hon. R. L. Taylor explained the mystery in a late num- ber of the Review, saying that a swarm will accept, in the absence of its own queen, any other laying queen, and less readily a virgin queen. In a large apiary there are apt to be Sespc Apiari/, owned hy Mr. J. F. 31clntijrc, at I'iUmore, Calif .—Looking Wesf^'ard. like to disagree, for I do not, but I am glad that I can obtain as good, or better, results without allowing natural swarming, and thus save a great deal of hard work in chasing and climb- ing after swarms. I have had all the natural swarming I want on a large scale. I practiced this for a number of years when I run only one yard, and in and near this yard were a great many large trees in which many swarms would alight in such high and inaccessible places that no swarm-catcher that ever was or ever can be made would secure them. But now some of the latter around that have been driven from the hives ; this is more apt to be the case if there are many box- hives in the yard. I notice there is considerable favorable comment being made on the plan of keeping colonics in box-hives for breeders, allowing them to swarm, then put the swarms into shallow hives, and run and depend on them for surplus. I have had some colonies in box-hives, both large and small, and run them on this plan for over ten years. One time 1 had over 50 310 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 16, colonies in box-hives. A very long article could be written about the disadvantages of this plan. I would advise those thinking of trying it, to try it in a small way at first, and if you get large returns from It for a year or two, do not get ex- cited. In keeping bees in box-hives a great deal depends upon luck. You have not much control of the business. It was hard luck for bees in box-hives around here the past winter — the loss will average fully 50 per cent. This was on account of honey-dew that was gathered last fall. Of course this does not happen every year, but my experience has been that, taking a series or years, there is more profit in a frame hive of some kind. I promised in my last to say something about swarming. From what some write, although I do not think they mean that, it would be easy to infer that the bees that swarmed the most were the best. Some of the most worthless bees I have ever had, as far as surplus honey was concerned, were great swarmers. Of course the queens were prolific, and the bees good honey-gatherers ; but most of what they got was used to rear more bees. A good many seem to think we cannot do anything to breed out the swarming trait; or, if we do, the bees will not be as good. My opinion is that we can do a good deal to breed out the swarming trait, and in doing so also secure a better strain of bees. As long as we cannot control the mating of queens, it will be slow work, but I feel confident that I have done considerable in this line in the last few years. I will now give the plan of dividing, or artificial swarm- ing, that I have practiced for a number of years with all colo- nies in single brood-story hives, by which I can secure more white honey in sections than by natural swarming, or any other plan I have ever tried, and I have tried a good many. First, perhaps I should say that when there is no honey to be had in the fields, and bees are fed to enable them to keep brood-rearing up, they do not contract the swarming-fever as soon as they do if they are securing their supply from natural sources. Why this is, I do not know, unless the prospect does not look as bright when they have to take their supply from a feeder. In this locality, as a general thing, bees do not get the swarming-fever before the beginning of the white honey harvest. Some of them will, but by taking frames of brood from them and exchanging them with some from a weak col- ony, all can be held back until clover or basswood begins to yield, and at this time, if they prepare to swarm, all the brood is taken from them, and they are given empty frames with only narrow starters of foundation. The sections are put on them, or very soon after. As soon as comb is built below, the queen fills it with eggs, so that the honey has to be stored in the sections. Removing the brood in this way cures the swarming-fever at once, and they go to work with all the vim and energy they would if they had been allowed to idle around five or six days and then swarm themselves. From strong colonies that do not get the swarming-fever at the commencement of the flow, the two middle combs are removed, and two empty ones put in their place ; then the two outside ones are put next to these. Colonies thus treated are not apt to swarm, if they have not the swarming-fever at the commencement of the main flow. vSome years it is neces- sary to remove but very little brood. In this way, last year, less than half of my colonies tried to swarm, and nothing was done to prevent them, except to put the two outside combs in the centre. The brood that is removed is used in various ways. If there are any weak colonies at this time, they are built up. Each year I rear a good many queens from some of my choice stock, and a good deal of it is used to form nuclei, etc. What is left, is put in 8-frame hives ; two of these are put together, one on top of the other, and if they are given a queen soon after, they make strong colonies for the fall flow, if there is any. I leave but a very few bees on these frames of brood. There is always some honey on them, and the hatching bees will take care of themselves. Some of the larvae will die, but this is a very small loss at this time. By this plan there are no after-swarms. Some of the old colonies may try to swarm, but this is seldom. But I am always glad to have them, /or it is a good season when they do, and if any of them do get the swarming-fever again, the same process is repeated. From reading this, you may think my plan is more work than to allow them to swarm ; but in actual practice it is not one-half the work. Besides, I can go through the swarming season with less increase. One of the main things with me is to prevent increase. There is no sale for bees here, and I have enough colonies in the spring for each yard to gather all there is to be had from the same. In fact, I think I have had too many, the way the seasons have been the last few years. But in following this plan, if one desires increase, three or four frames of brood can be put into a hive, and as soon as the boos begin to hatch, by giving them a laying queen, we can have a strong colony for winter. In this way we can, if we have say 10 colonies in the spring, increase them to 30 for winter; and in this locality the 10 old colonies will gather from 50 to 150 pounds of surplus each. Of course, if it was a poor season those young colonies would have to be fed some, and we would have to give them full sheets of foundation in brood-frames. One year I increased an out-yard of 40 colo- nies to 130, and secured about 150 pounds of choice white comb honey from each of the old colonies ; but I had to do considerable feeding to get all the young colonies in good con- dition for winter. Now I will tell something that is very simple, and perhaps many have found it out for themselves, but I handled bees quite awhile before I thought of it. Such of you as have not known it, will, if you try it, find it will save you a good deal of hard work. It is this : If you wish to know if a colony is preparing to swarm by buildiug queen-cells, or if you wish to cut out cells from a colony that has swarmed, instead of taking out each frame, set the hive up on end, and kneel down in front of it. Most of the cells are on the bottom of the combs. You can drive the bees back with a very little smoke, and easily see two- thirds of the way up between the combs. It is very seldom that a queen-cell is further up than this. If one is, you can see it by looking down from the top. If you wish to cut them out, you can do it in this way with less than one-fourth the the work and time when taking out each frame ; and, also make a sure job of it, for in handling the frames the bees, unless we brush or shake them ofiE, are in our way, especially on the bottoms of the combs where most of the cells are. This plan also disturbs the bees less. Any one with a little prac- tice can, in a hive with frames not deeper than the standard, and having a narrow bottom-bar, tell for a certainty whether there is a queen-cell or not, without removing a frame. This cannot be done with loose frames, unless they are held by spacing strips. Southern Minnesota. Chaff Hives and Out-Door Wintering. Tir J. p. SMITH. But a few years ago I used none but single-walled hives. At length I procured two or three chaff hives. They proved so satisfactory that I increased their number from time to time, so that at the present time I have a majority of them, or which is the same thing, an outer case over a single-walled hive. My outer cases are cut away in front, making a sort of portico, so that the bees alight just as near their combs as they do in single-walled hives, so they have no extra crawling to do. I have observed very carefully in regard to their work. I have been unable to see any difference in regard to their work, either in swarming or collecting honey. But I do find a difference in my work in caring for them. I winter my bees on the summer stands. I let the outside case remain on summer and winter. I do not remove the chaff unless it becomes damp. In the fall, when preparing for winter, when I come to a chaff hive all I have to do is to pass right along by it, marking in my memorandum, " Packed for winter." When I come to a single-walled hive, I have to hunt up an outer-case, adjust it, procure the packing and pack it. Under this management my bees are protected through the cold, changeable weather of spring and fall. For the last three years I have wintered without loss, ex- cept one or two colonies that became queenless. Neither have my bees suffered from spring dwindling. I have just now (my fourth experimental year) been examining my bees. I take out every frame, so that I know just the condition of each colony. In my examinations I assist them in "house-clean- ing," in every way possible. In preparing my bees last fall for winter, I made sure that every colony had 30 pounds of stores and plenty of bees. In case my colony had short of 30 pounds, I made up the deficiency by feeding sugar syrup (not percolated). Prepared in this way, and packed as above, I have again wintered my bees without loss. I prepared 26 colonies, and have at this date 26 colonies, all good and strong. Isn't this a pretty good record for latitude 433^'3, on the bleak hills of New Hampshire ? Sunapee, N. H., April 22. Ten wcek§ for ten cents. Sec page 316. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 311 What I Know About Swarming. BY ADRIAN GETAZ. Some time ago a query was printed in this journal asking the causes of bees swarming. Nearly all answered, " Dissatis- faction." A few added, "Caused by lack of room," etc. But admitting that dissatisfaction is the cause, and this seems to be almost incontestable, it would yet be in order to find how the dissatisfaction is brought about. Some of our ablest writers have said that swarming is a provision of " Nature," to multiply and increase the bees, and that it is as impossible to prevent the bees from swarming as it is to prevent young people marrying. The funniest part of it is that the "leading apiarist," who advocates that theory, has himself an out-apiary run for extracted honey, and where his bees do not swarm at all, or nearly so ! Nevertheless, his theory is true to the extent that swarming is unquestionably the means of multiplying and increasing the number of bees in the world ; but it would be wrong to say that bees do neces- sarily swarm every spring under any and all circumstances. In fact, if we knew exactly what coudtions provoke and cause swarming, we would be able to prevent it without damaging our bees or our honey crop. The Dadants say emphatically that the chief cause of swarming is the lack of room for the queen to deposit her eggs, or for the bees to store their honey, and it must be ad- mitted that the facts sustain their position. Remember, here, that the lack of room does not mean only a hive too small, but the lack of empty combs. In working for extracted honey, in a well-organized apiary, empty combs can always be provided, but not so where comb honey is the object in view. Sometimes bees will swarm because their hive is entirely too small, or so hot as to be uncomfortable, or some other rea- son of that sort. Such cases I should call " absconding," and will not be considered in this contribution. I am speaking of bees under normal circumstances, and supposed to be properly attended. Like all my other contributions, this is written by a comb-honey producer, and from that standpoint. It does not seem to me that the lack of room causes the swarming, or rather the dissatisfaction, which eventually prompts the bees to swarm out, (I repeat here that the ex- treme cases, or rather the absconding cases, are not consid- ered), for the following reasons : First, bees have frequently been known to be very crowd- ed and not swarm, even to the extent of building combs under the portico, under the hive (when it is high enough from the ground), or simply attached to the outside of the hives if this is protected, as it is ordinarily the case in several European countries. Second, bees never swarm (barring the absconding cases) without having built queen-cells, and hardly ever be- fore, at least some of the queen-cells are capped or very ad- vanced. Third, swarming frequently occurs when queens are superseded, even when there is abundant room. All this seem to me conclusive proof that the presence of the queen- cells is the true cause of swarming, or rather dissatisfaction. We all know the antipathy between queens, and even between queens and queen-cells, if that expression can be used ; how excited the queen becomes in the presence of the cells ; how the bees try to protect the cells ; and how the excitement grows from day to day until swarming finally occurs. Several times the opinion has been advanced that the young bees were the ones getting dissatisfied when the lack of room prevented them from carrying on the work of brood- rearing, and using the food they were preparing in abundance. That theory was very strongly advocated a few years ago by Messrs. Hasty and Stachelhausen. I was very much im- pressed by it, but I cannot admit that the young bees which have hardly been out of the hive yet, should be the ones to insist upon emigration. Nor is it in the nature of young beings (whether bees or human) to be dissatisfied. Dissatis- faction is rather a production of old age. Lately, I have thought a good deal on the subject, and finally came to the conclusion, that if the young bees are not the ones to start the dissatisfation, they certainly are the ones to start the queen-cells, not with the purpose to swarm, but simply because the queen and the brood cannot consume all the food they prepare. As long as the brood gives them all they can do, they attend to it. When, by lack of space or the failing of the queen to lay a sufficient number of eggs, they have a surplus of larval food, they build some cell-cups to store it. As the space, or rather the empty cells get scarce, the queen is eventually compelled to lay eggs in these cups. Then the cell-building and queen-rearing naturally follow. I suppose mere cups are not noticed by the queen, but when the cells are pretty far advanced, she realizes that rivals will soon be on hand. She becomes excited and "dissatisfied." The bees become " excited and dissatisfied," too, and more and more until all have the "swarming fever." Finally, the first swarm issues. This destroys the swarming-fever and restores " satisfaction " so far as the swarm is concerned, but probably not. or at least not entirely, in th*3 mother colony. Before the " fever " is over, another queen issues in the presence of queen-cells, or perhaps other queens piping in their cells, and the "racket" goes on again, until the swarming is at an end. So as far as I can see under our present knowledge, I should say that the swarming is a succession of events. First, the lack of space, or rather empty cells, prevents the queen from laying a sufficient number of eggs. Then the young bees, having more larval food " on hand " than the queen and brood can consume, begin cell-cups to store it. Eventually, as the space gets scarce, eggs are deposited in these cups and queens reared. By the by, the queen gets excited by the presence of the cells. The excitement and dissatisfaction are communicated to the bees, which finally swarm out, taking away the queen with them. I don't think that the queen leads, or even starts the swarm herself. What' she wants, is to destroy the queen-cells. But when the tumult of swarming occurs, she goes out with the rest. Now that I have told what " I know " on the subject, let Dr. Miller tell us what he "don't know," and we will be pretty well posted on this matter. Knoxville, Tenn. The Southeastern Kansas Convention. BY J. C. BALCH. The Southeastern Kansas Bee-Keepers' Association met in Bronson, Kans., March 16, 1895. The meeting was called to order by Pres. J. P. Ralston, and the minutes of last meet- ing were read and approved. The President appointed a com- mittee on programme, consisting of W. J. Price, W. H. Burkey, and A. Garber. At the proper time the committee on programme reported the following questions, which were discussed : IMPROVING NATIVE BEES. What is the best plan to improve colonies of native bees? And when the best time ? W. J. Price said the best time was at the earliest oppor- tunity when the weather was favorable, and the best plan is to Italianize. J. C. Balch said there were several ways to improve the native bees, by the infusion of new blood from the different races of bees, of which he thinks the Italians are the best. The bee-keeper can send to a breeder and get a good Italian queen to rear queens from. While he will get the most of his young queens mismated, the progeny will be an improvement on the native bees ; or, if he wants to have the pure Italians, he can order a queen for each colony, if he has more money than time, and has not too many bees to begin with. J. P. Ralston thinks that with the same labor, time and energy given to the native bee that has been given to the Ital- ian, the native bees would develop as many good traits as their Italian sisters. C. C. Thompson would get a good Italian queen and rear the queens to improve his black bees, and if they are mis- mated, all right — for he thinks hybrid bees are more indus- trious, gather more honey, can sting harder, and can get in more business to the square inch than the pure stock of either race. FEEDING BEES IN THE SPRING. Will it pay to feed bees in the spring ? C. C. Thompson — If they are hungry, yes. If they have plenty of stores, no. It will not pay to feed bees that have plenty of stores, in this part of the L'uited States in the early spring, to stimulate them to brood-rearing. Why? Because they begin brood-rearing too soon anyway. The soft maple blooms here in February and the first of March. From that they gather pollen, and as soon as they get a little new pollen they begin brood-rearing in earnest, and they use up their honey, feeding young bees, before there are any flowers to gather any more from. J. C. Balch said brood-rearing usually begins about the middle of February, and if the weather is warm through March they breed up very fast, because the feed is all in the hive, except what pollen they get from maple, box-elder and Easter flowers in March and April. Fruit-blooms come about the first of May, then from apple, peach, plum, cherry, etc., if they bloom freely, they gather considerable honey to tide them over until the general honey-flow begins, about the first of June. But it often happens that the most of the fruit- bloom is killed, and there is no honey to gather, or if it is not, there comes a week or ten days of cold rain from the first to 312 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 10, the middle of May, and the bees cannot get out of the hiye. As a consequence, they get but little honey from fruit-blooms. Then the strongest colonies are the most likely to die of star- vation, because they have a hive full of brood and no honey. They must be fed or they will die, and that in a very short time. It is a very good idea to examine every colony the first warm spell in March, mark the weak ones so you can tell them, and feed at once. Also mark the strong ones ihat have the most brood and but little honey, and feed them as soon as they need it, and before they are out of honey. ITALIANS vs. NATIVE BEES. In what way are Italians better than native bees? W. J. Price says they are a little larger and stronger ; gather more honey, and go farther after it. Also, they are handled more easily. J. P. Ralston doubts if the Italians will gather any more honey than the natives, but are more quiet and easier to handle. He thinks a cross between the two races are the best honey-producers. W. J. Price here wanted to know then why a cross be- tween a shorthorn and a Texan would not produce a better class of cattle than either race. He believes in pure stock — the purer the better. J. C. Balch thinks the Italians are the best ; they stick to the combs better while being handled, are not so cross, and then they are the best " moth-traps " you can get. While there is a pint of bees of the Italian race in the hive, the moth has no business there, and if it goes there it can't stay — the house isn't big enough to hold the two families ! C. C. Thompson thinks the Italians are the best, but that some breeders in breeding for very yellow bees have lost sight of the object of the general bee-keeper. With him, it is more a matter of honey than color. He thinks that some of the darker-colored Italians are better honey-gatherers than the very yellow ones, and that the hybrid, or a cross between the Italian and the native, is the bee for business. He says they are always ready for business — at both ends. He imagines they are like a mule — they will both kick and bite. REARING QUEENS "ARTIFICIALLY." Ought any one who handles bees to be satisfied until he can rear queens " artificially ?" All thought that every one who handles bees to any ex- tent should be able to rear as good queens as he could buy, and in many cases really better ones; but the man who has a few colonies can buy what queens he will need cheaper, perhaps, than he could rear them. COMB OR EXTRACTED HONEY — WHICH ? Which is the more profitable, comb or extracted honey ? That is largely a question of circumstances and location. In some locations and seasons comb honey would be the most profitable, but taking it altogether, the extracted will be the more profitable, for when there is a small honey-flow, and you have the extractiug-combs, the bees have no comb to build, and they can spend their whole time gathering the honey; when, if they had to build the comb, they would get but little honey, and perhaps not get that in a marketable condition. The election of officers resulted as follows : President, J. P. Ralston, of Uniontown ; 1st Vice-Pres., C. C. Thompson ; 2nd Vice-Pres., R. Garber ; 8rd Vice-Pres., J. C. Wilson; Treasurer, Mrs. M. Thompson ; and Secretary, J. C. Balch, of Bronson. The President then appointed a committee on programme for the June meeting, consisting of R. Garber, J. C. Balch, and C. C. Thompson. The convention adjourned to meet in Fort Scott, Kans., on June 6, 1895. J. C. Balch, Sec. Air-Space Over Frames in Winter, Etc. BY W. W. M'NEAL. While so much is being said of late about hives and hive manipulation, I would like if some one would explain to me the advantages of an air-space over the frames during the winter season. My experience has never shown wherein the bees are benefited thereby ; especially if such air-space is al- lowed under absorbent cushions. To the extent of my knowledge of the facts in this matter, I consider it a positive detriment to the welfare of the bees. The principle which the theory provides is wholly lost, or nearly so, in the application of that other theory which says that dampness is best counteracted by upward ventilation of the hive. Even granting that the principle is complete within itself, what positive proof is there that the separate divisions of the main cluster ever make use of it during severe freezing weather ? I think I have good proof that they do not, if a division or two can be taken as proof, when found dead ; no honey being within their reach. Now when a thaw sets in, and any individual bee wishes to change her position to some other space between the combs, it is the downward course likewise then that she takes and not the upward. If the bee-space is a means so reliable towards the saving of the life of any part of the colony, why is it they sometimes starve when within two or three inches of a central passageway through the combs ? When the cover is sealed down perfectly tight, not only to the top edges of the hive-body, but to the top of the frames also, the small clusters forming the whole can accommodate their comfort by moving to a higher or a lower plane on the surface of the comb ; and that Is the embodiment of all the old way contains, which to me appears to be the true principle of wintering. If such be not so, why is it that when a colony has become fully estab- lished in the old-fashioned box-hive, or in an old barrel, wholly unprotected from without, and the bottom of the hive wide open, it comes up in a manner so pleasing as to generally cool the ardor of one whose hopes are centered in the neatly- painted modern hive? The large deep combs, with plenty of well-ripened honey in each directly over the cluster, and being tight-fitting in the hive, forms a more perfect barrier against the encroachments of cold and frost than the hive-wall itself. Such hives cost very little time and money in their construction ; and the care required of them after being occupied by the bees is trifling in the extreme when compared with that of the orthodox — the 8-frame Langstroth. When these " fearfully cumbersome hives " are run in connection with the half-depth brood-cham- ber hive, they form a system of management not so crude as one might imagine. The swarms that issue from them are monstrous ones, and, when hived on the shallow frame, will plant a consoling smile on the face of the bee-keeper, where possible for bees to do so, if the queen-excluder has been brought into service. Should the bees show no inclination to swarm to suit the taste of the apiarist, it is no great task to drive them out if a Crane or Bingham smoker is used, and the new hive is placed on the old stand. The results are not so widely different always by reason of the style of hive used, but more frequently by not adopting a mode of management suited to its construction. Now should this disclose the secret of my trouble with the air-space, will some one be kind enough to point out the means of reaping some practical good, at least, from that which to me seems only a traditional sort of feature of the frame-hive, for the winter protection of the bees ? CLIPPING TO DELAY SWARMING. Before closing, I will say, for reasons on page 168, I of- fered no solution of the seeming fact that clipping the queens' wings as there described is superior to the common way of doing it, because I do not exactly uuderstand the philoso- phy of it myself. I only know, from an experience with such running through a course of three years, on quite an extended scale, tiiat it did delay swarming in every case for about one week's time. Now keeping the fever in check a few days sometimes means a big thing; but the mere holding of -a swarm after they have made up their minds to do so is a huge mistake if honey is the object sought. When time permits a more critical test, there may be found nothing in the method of real value. HOW BEES convey INTELLIGENCE. Whether it is by the wings, or the sense of smell, bees convey any intellegence I cannot declare; but I tliinlc it is by the means of both. The different notes they produce would seem to be an expression of their approval or disapproval of certain things. When a bee returns to its hive, cold and tired, and is greeted by the happy sound within — or perhaps it is the warm air issuing from the entrance — it manifests its delight by fanning the wings for some little time before entering the hive. Then, on the other hand, bees communicate pretty much after the fashion of ants ; and I also think that upon the utterance of a particular sound they accompany it with a peculiar odor, or scent, perceptible to them, but not always so to us. Virgin queens often call to each other, or to something by means of " piping," but that the wings are all that is brought into action is not yet clear to me. I have "whistled" swarms out by imitating the call of the queen ; so in those cases it was through the aid of sound alone the communcation was given. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 313 Just prior to the issuing of a swarm, there may be seen running about the hive over the combs and over the backs of the other bees a very small proportion at first — probably a retinue of the "queen's attendants" — producing a zeeping sound unlilce any other I ever heard, not excepting the warn- ing of the guards at night when a moth alights among them. So my only deduction is that when the queen is deprived of the use of her wings entirely, she is cutoff from one means of communication, which may be all there is in it. Had our friend, the " Gleaner," "given me the slightest hint " as to what constitutes t/ie best foundation fastener, I should have tried to answer his question, on page 205. Wheelersburg, Ohio. Report of the Venango County Convention. BY C. S. PIZER. The second annual convention of the Venango County Bee-Keepers' Association met in Franklin, Pa., Jan. 28, 1895. A goodly number of the apiarists of Venango and ad- joining counties were present. Deputy Mayor I. H. Borland delivered the address of welcome, at the conclusion of which President R. D. Reynolds delivered his annual address. 1st topic — " Spring Management of Bees," by T. C. Kelley. He said it should begin in the fall, at which time the bees should have sufficient stores to carry them through, and should there come a scarcity of nectar from inclemency of the weather, or from any cause, during the height of the breeding season, they should be watched closely, as their stores at that season would disappear very fast, and to avoid starvation, honey, or syrup made of sugar, should be fed. He also laid much stress on the kind of hive. He exhibited one of his choice, and invention, with frames 1232xl2j.2 inches, placed in brood-chambers suspended at an angle of 45 degrees, with sections on the two upper oblique sides. 2nd topic — "How to Best Improve Bees for Business." This brought forth a general discussion, with an agreement that careful selection of queens and drones — drones to be of a dif- ferent strain from the queens — was the key to improvement. ord topic — " Large or Small Hives " was discussed ■pro and fo;!. J. F. Hagarty advocated a small brood-chamber of 6 or 7 frames Simplicity size, as giving him the best results. While H. S. Sutton claimed for the 10-frame hive ample room for suQicient stores to carry the colony over without tbe close attention that is required with a small hive. 4th topic — "What Should We Cultivate for Bee-Forage?" by H. S. Sutton. He advocated the cultivation of sucli nectar- bearing trees as would produce value in their growth for lum- ber or fruit-bearing qualities. He made special mention of the basswood as a tree the cultivation of which should be en- couraged, and strongly advocated its value to the farmer as well as to the apiarist. The 5th topic was presented by Ed JoUey, who set forth the great value of the bee in the pollenization of the inferior fruits ; also the declination of the same without pollenization. 6th topic — "The Best Method of Working Bees for Profit," by R. D. Reynolds. He gave good pointers as to loca- tion, and the different products of the apiary in demand, with the price above cost of the production. Every one engaged in apiculture should judge for himself whether" the rearing of queens, production of comb and extracted honey, or the sale of full colonies would meet this requirement. If a specialty was made of any one branch, try to excel in it. 7th topic — " How to Make Our Conventions Attractive," by R. D. Reynolds. He advocated advertising and talking bees and honey. After disposing of a lot of questions, a canvass was made for the yield of honey for the year 1894, which showed an average of oO pounds per colony. The greatest average was that of J. F. Hagarty, being 35 pounds per colony. The next annual meeting will be held in Franklin, Pa., Dec. 27, 1895. The olficers elected for the ensuing year are : President, R. D. Reynolds, of Cooperstown ; Vice-President, Ed Jolley, of Franklin : Treasurer, H. S. Sutton, of Franklin ; and Sec- retary, O. L. Greenlee, of Utica. Franklin, Pa. A B t; of Bee-Ciilliire.— We have some of these books left, and in order to close them out quickly, we renew the low offers we made on them. This is tbe fine cyclopedia of bee-keeping by A. I. Root, containing 400 pages and nearly 200 engravings. The regular price is S1.25, but we will send the American Bee Jour- nal one year and the "ABC" bound in cloth — both for only .SI .80 ; or the parchment cover (very heavy paper) "A B C" and the American Bee Journal one year — both together only $1.50. CONDUCTED BY JJR. J. P. II. BROW'JV, ^\uaUSTA, GA.. [Please send all questions relating to bee-keeping: In the South direct to Dr. Brown, and he will answer in this department.— Kd.1 Bees and Cane-]Mill§. A correspondent living in Mississippi sends the following : Last fall there was an unusual quantity of cane molas- ses made in this neighborhood. The weather was warm dur- ing the greater part of the time, and the bees flew freely. A visit to the cane-mill disclosed the fact that there was a whole- sale destruction of bees going on. They were crushed in the mill, drowned in the cane-juice, and whenever a bee flew through the steam arising from the open kettle, she instantly fell into the boiling syrup. Whenever the syrup was poured off, dead bees by the handful were found at the bottom of the kettle. This went on for three weeks at least, and the result was that colonies previously strong wore reduced to mere nuclei, and all hopes of a surplus this year have receded again. In an ordinary year it is not unusual for bees to swarm before the 15th of this mouth. This year the first young bees had just made their appearance at that date. Per contra, five colonies of blacks purchased from an apiary four' miles distant, where there was no molasses made, are very strong in numbers, and apparently ready to swarm. Some of the depopulated colonies show symptoms of " spring dwind- ling," as laid down in the books. The reason is supposed to be, that such colonies have not sufBoient strength to form a cluster in the winter, so that brood-rearing can go on in the early spring, and the result is that there are no young bees to replace the old as they pass away in the spring. The idea suggests itself, in the North and West the cider-mills may be in the same way the cause of spring dwindling. Can you suggest any plan by which the bees may be re- strained in the fall from visiting the cane-mills ? Would it do to raise the hive from the bottom-board and tack wire-cloth over the bottom and entrance of the hive, and thus restrain them from going abroad during this season? Novice. Columbia, Miss., March 12. In our neighborhood we have no cane-mills to entice the bees to destruction, and while I can give the correspondent no advice based on experience in this particular matter, I would suggest out-door feeding prudently applied, during the season of the mills running, with a view to keep the bees at home; or I would remove the bees to a locality beyond the reach of the mill. The latter plan would be attended with some little work, but it might be less expensive than to feed, particularly if the hives have plenty of stores. I fear the wire-cloth plan might, in the wind-up, be " worse than the disease." Report of the Texa§ Slate ConTenlion. The 17th annual convention of the Texas State Bee- Keepers' Association met at the residence of W. R. Graham, in Greenville, April 3, with about 20 members present. Dr. Marshall, in his usual way, opened the convention with a few appropriate remarks and prayer; then Mr. W. R. Graham introduced his wife and daughter. Miss Nellie, and announced that to-day they were celebrating the 44th anni- versary of their marriage, and that Miss Nellie was their youngest child. Dr. Wm. R. Howard, the Secretary, being absent, Mr. J. C. Hunter was elected Secretary ; after which the President declared the convention open for business, and questions were called for. DISCUSSION OF (QUESTIONS. The subject of fastening foundation in frames by means of imbedding wire into it without any other means of fasten- ing, was taken up. A frame was thus exhibited by Mr. Graham. After a somewhat lengthy discussion, it was thought to be practicable. Painting hives was next discussed at considerable length, pro and con, and painting was generally recommended. The structure of hives — the dovetailed or nailed, which is best ? After some comment the dovetailed hive was recom- mended. Loose hive-bottoms were talked of and endorsed. 314 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 16, What distance from the ground should hives be placed? From 2 to 4 inches high was thought best. Artificial and other methods of rearing queens was the interesting theme of an address delivered by W. H. White. In response to an invitation from Messrs. Boyd and Creasy, the convention repaired to their factory to see the machinery in operation in the manufacture of bee-hives and other fi.'itures for bee-keepers. After enjoying the sights at the factory, they went over to W. R. Graham's queen-rearing apiary, to get a practical insight into queen-rearing. The kind of frames was discussed. Which is the most convenient and practical, self-spacing or loose-hanging ? Loose-hanging frames received the most favor. The handling of bees, smoking, the best methods of transferring, etc., were discussed, which made it very inter- esting to the ABC scholar. Can bees hear ? After some debating it was decided that if they could not they had a sense closely allied to that of hearing. Multiplying colonies was considered, which led to a ques- tion of experiment to find a plan by which an average colony can be successfully increased to ten in a single season. The following agreed to try it : Dr. W. K. Marshal^ W. R. Gra- ham, W. H. White, J. F. Teel, J. D. McMannamy, R. L. Car- son, H. L. liolton, J. M. Jeffcoat, and Chas. Williams ; and report at the next annual meeting. Also the same members, together with J. G. Barnett and I. H. Hightower, agreed to see how much honey they can produce with one colony during this season, and report at a meeting to be held in the summer. The best plans to keep bees from swarming were taken up and discussed at some length. Adjourned to meet at 9 a.m., April 4. THE SECOND DAY — APRIL 4tH. The convention was called to order by Pres. W. K. Marshall. Secretary J. C. Hunter being absent, the books were turned over to W. H. AVhite, as Secretary, to complete the minutes. Shall we hold a fall meeting ? was asked. It was heartily agreed to, and the time set for Aug. 21 and 22. Place of meeting, Greenville. The time of our next annual meeting is the first Wednesday and Thursday in April, 1896. The election of officers resulted as follows : Dr. Marshall, President; W. R. Graham, Vice-Presideut ; W. H. White, Secretary, Deport, Tex., and F. F. Rockwell, of Leonard, Treasurer. Has any member died since the last meeting ? G. A. Wil- son was announced as having passed away March 6, 1895. H. F. Bolton, W. R. Graham, Dr. W. K. Marshall, and P. G. Carter were appointed a committee to draft suitable resolu- tions, which were presented later and unanimously adopted. Is it profitable to hold county and neighborhood bee-meet- ings '? It was agreed that it is very profitable. Pasturage for bees was discussed, and several plants were recommended, among them alfalfa and sweet clover being more highly spoken of. Transferring was talked about, many giving their plans and tools used in the operations, thus making it interesting to the beginner. Thesuccess and failure of colonies apparently of equal strength, was discussed. The queen was thought to control the whole affair. The distance bees will go for honey was considered, but no definite distance could be fixed. It was thought any dis- tance up to seven miles. It was proposed that we make an exhibit at our meeting in August, of bees and supplies. An address by Mr. W. R. Graham, on the exhibit at our next meeting, was listened to with great interest. Thanks were tendered Mr. Graham and family for their hospitality during the convention. The convention then ad- journed to meet at Greenville, Aug. 21 and 22, 1895. Deport, Tex. W. H. White, Sec. lloiioy aw Fwual sin«l IVIeilioine. — A new and revised edition of this 32-page pamphlet is now issued. It has 5 blank pages on which to write or paste recipes taken from other sources. It is just what its name indicates, and should be liberally dis- tributed among the people everywhere to create a demand for honey. It contains a number of recipes on the use of honey as food and as medicine, besides much other interesting and valuable information. Prices, postpaid, are: Single copy, 5 cts. ; 10 copies 35cts. ; 50for #1..")0; IIHI for .$3.50. Better give them a trial. Send all orders to the Bee Journal office. Ten weeks for ten cent§. See page 316. CONDUCTED BY Rei% Ein&rson T, JVlybott, St. .jToseph, Afo. Freight Rates on Bee-Hives.— If I remember rightly, there was a committee appointed by the North Amer- ican to look up the matter of rates and see what could be done by way of securing better classifications, and reductions of rates. I trust they have been investigating the matter and are able by this time to " report progress," if nothing more. I can see no reason or sense in charging double first-class rates on a bee-hive made up, when other things much more bulky, and of more value, go at a less rate. I know that bee- hives " nested " are only first-class, but I would like to see any classification man " nest " some bee-hives, if that word nested continues to mean what it did when I was a boy and nested the pails in order to draw them home when the sap season was over in the spring. As the only way I know to nest a hive made up is to pack something in it, when I do this 1 bill it out " nested." The truth of the matter is that justice, reason and common-sense would suggest that a bee-hive made up be classed as first-class freight, and this unfair and sense- less " nesting " business be done away with. Then, I think we people here in the West are entitled to better rates by the carload. I say here in the West because I know more about rates here. The rate from from Chicago to the Missouri river has been 17J^ cents for a long time, but now, when times are close and all goods are sold at a reduc- tion, a railroad pool has put it at ISjo cents, and not satisfied with this, they have made the minimum 24,000 pounds in- stead of 20,000, as it has been. The rate on cut box-lumber is 16 cents, and I can see no reason why a car of bee-hives in the flat should not go at the same. I am inclined to think that one reason why the bee-keepers have not gotten better rates on their goods is that they have not worked unitedly, and brought enough influence to bear on the Classification Committee. I had this impressed on my mind the other day when I asked the local rate on flour from this city to Topeka, and was informed that it was 15 cents per hundred for flour in sacks. The rate on bee-hives made up, without " nesting," would be double first-class. A hun- dred pounds of bee-hives would cost 58 cents, while two 48- pound sacks of flour would cost 15 cents. The rate on hives, knocked down, is 19 cents, and it would cost more to ship a hundred pounds of hives this way than it would two sacks of flour. Why ? The only way I can account -for it is to lay it to the united action of the people engaged in the production and sale of flour. I hope the committee appointed at St. Joseph will not fail to try their hands at the " influence " business. [For reply to the foregoing, I refer the reader to the editorial on this subject on page 316. — Editor.] Candy for Bees. — "Candy is capital stuff to eke out stores, but I quite agree with Mr. Webster that bees won't live on candy alone." — A. Sharp, in British Bee Journal. Perhaps bees would not live on candy alone the year around, but I do know they will live on it, if properly made, for six or eight weeks, or longer, if the weather continues cold, and thrive, and come out in the spring in as fine condi- tion as they would on sealed honey. I see that Mr. Cowan insists that candy should be soft. He does not say when the soft candy is to be used ; but if for winter stores, I would be glad if he or someone else would ex- plain the advantage of soft candy. I am not after argument, but a better understanding of the real merits of candy for bees. Only One Cent a Copy for copies of the American Bee Journal before Jan. 1, 1895. We have them running back for about 10 years. But you must let us select them, as we cannot furnish them in regular order, and probably not any particular copies. Just send us as many one-cent stamps as you may want old copies, and we will mail them to you. A Cool Siioa'ess. — A correspondent in one of our apiarian exchanges said: " I am wintering on summer stands with great success.' Poor man! how cold he must have been the past win- ter! He might " winter'" with as " great success " in the house with other folks. Of course, he meant that he was wintering his bees on the summer stands, though be didn't say it. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 315 CONDUCTED BY IXR. C. C. MILT^UR, AULRMNGO, ILl^. [Questions may be mailed to tlie Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct."] Top-Ventilation in the Cellar. Frank Cole wants to know, on page 289, what I think of his top-ventilation in the cellar. It suits me because it seems to suit the bees. When I first wintered bees in the cellar I had them more open on top than he has. Absorbents were not talked of then and my bees were in box-hives, and I just turned them upside down, leaving them entirely uncovered. They wintered well. That was Quinby's plan. Latterly my practice has been just the reverse, leaving all closed at the top and very open below. Either plan is good, and I'm not sure it matters so much what way is used, only so there is plenty of chance for the bees to get all the air they want, and so that the air in the cellar is always good. TTsing' Old Sections. Over TOO sections with foundation in supers (some of them two years old, but the most made up new last year) were left last year, because we did not get a pound of honey. Can these sections be used profitably this season ? Will the bees work in them ? Or will it pay to throw them into the fire and get new ones? G. R. Answer. — I expect to use some sections this year that are four years old. If the sections are nice and clean, use them. If, however, you were unfortunate enough to leave them on late, so as to have the bees daub the foundation with propolis, then I'd rather not use them. Swarming with Clipped Queens. I would like to know what will become of a queen, when her wing is clipped, if the bees are allowed to swarm natur- ally. Will the bees kill her, or will she crawl out of the hive, or will the young queen go ? D. H. Answer. — When a swarm issues with a clipped queen, if no one is by to see to the swarm, or if there is no Alley trap to catch the queen, the queen will come out and try to go with the swarm. Not being able to do so, she will generally crawl back into the hive. The swarm will usually return to the hive when they find there is no queen with thorn, but sometimes they may return to the wrong hive. Then the swarm may issue in a day or two again, and if they are left entirely to themselves, in about eight days from the time of the first swarm a young queen will be hatched out and the old queen will be killed. The young queen will then go with the swarm. Using Division-Boards — Winter Cases. I have now (April 18) four colonies of bees (hybrids) in 10-frame Langstroth hives, wintered on their summer stands. All the colonies were equally strong in the fall, having about 30 pounds of honey each for winter stores. They were all packed with an enamel cloth over the brood-frames, on which was set a T super with heavy paper in the bottom, then filled with chaff. Two colonies had the additional protection of outside winter cases, while two (the new swarms of last spring) were without further protection than that above stated. Those with the winter-cases came out with plenty of honey and few bees, while the condition of the two unpro- tected ones is just the reverse — plenty of bees and little honey. I am now about to put division-boards ih all four hives, contracting them to six or eight frames as their needs may require. I also intend taking a frame full of good honey from each one of the two hives having an abundance and give it to the two that are short of stores. What do you think of the treatment ? The last winter has been the severest here in the recollection of the oldest inhabitants. J. F. I. Easton, Pa. Answer. — Before answering your question, a word about the shape in which it is sent. I am glad to do my best to answer any question that comes, no matter in what shape, and some seem to think they can be better answered if writ- ten on any old scrap of paper in such hurried manner as to be hard to decipher. That's a mistake. I can't answer such questions a bit better. And while I try to do my best with all, I must confess to a real pleasure when I find one like the one now before me. The writing is plain as print, everything neat and clear, and if you are as neat and careful about your bee-work. Friend I., you ought to be a successful bee-keeper, even if you work mainly for the pleasure of it. But now to your questions. I think your plan of treatment is all right. Experiments carefully made in France seemed to prove that division-boards were no better than combs, and I suppose they don't do as much good as many think. Still I can't help thinking that if the division-boards are close-fitting at top and ends they serve a good purpose. The results of your wintering seem to agree with what C. F. Muth insists on, that protection on top is all that is neces- s'ary. I wish it had happened that one of the old and one of the new colonies had had the winter-cases. For there's at least a possibility that there was a difference in the strength of the colonies that partly accounted for the difference in wintering. Bequeening Colonies. How is dequeening practiced ? Answer. — Dequeening, or unqueening, is simply removing or destroying a queen, in whatever way it is done. Perhaps oftenest, when the term is used, it means depriving a colony of its queen during the honey harvest. When this was first practiced, I think the queen was usually, if not always, con- fined in a cage in the hive among her own bees. Afterward the custom came with some to remove the queen entirely from the hive, keeping her in a nucleus or other colony, returning her, or another queen, in due time. Producing Honey and Preventing Increase. The limits of my "farm "is four colonies, the number I now have. How can I manipulate them to the best advantage to produce comb honey and prevent increase ? J. F. I. Easton, Pa. Answer. — That is a very difficult question, and I don't know enough to answer it for sure. If you are on hand to know when swarms issue, here is a plan that I have used with a good deal of satisfaction : When the swarm issues, cage the queen, leaving her in the care of her bees until it suits your convenience to take care of them. Not later than five days after swarming, shake off about half the bees from the combs, putting them in a new hive, leaving the old hive in its old place, and leaving in it one or two combs of brood, especially young brood and eggs, but no queen-cells. These combs of brood may be taken from anywhere you like, if need be taking from the colony under treatment, but in that case they must be changed again. Give the queen to the new hive, and place it close beside the old hive, although I prefer to put it on top. This new hive being left weak in bees, and no field-workers adding to its stores, the bees will make sure work of destroying all queen-cells without any care on your part. At the end of ten days from swarming, put this new hive with all its contents in place of the old one, removing the latter to a new place or making any disposition of it you like. It will have some fine queen-cells, and if you want to start a nucleus, all you need do it to set it in a new place. I said you would leave two combs of brood in the first place in the old hive. I would add at least two more combs, and then you can fill up with dummies, or if you have them, with combs of honey. If you cannot watch for swarms, or do not wish to, then attach to each hive an Alley queen-trap, and that will do the watching for you. Xl«e Star Spaiig'Ietl Ilaiiner's Aiillior.— Many in- teresting things about Francis Scott Key— the author of the ■■ Star Spangled Banner'"— are contained in a pamphlet, which may be obtained frn\ from the Key Monument Association, of Frederick City, Maryland, by sending one 2-cent stamp for postage. This Association is raising funds for a suitable monument to the poet, and they suggest, that in the schools and everywhere, upon or be- fore Flag Day (June 14), this subject be suitably recognized. Con- tributions, however small, are asked for. Every one who loves the Flag, ought to have some small share in building this monument. The Governor of Maryland has strongly endorsed the movement. The names of all contributors will be preserved in the crypt of the monument, and published (without amount) in the history of the monument when completed. 816 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 16, (•'eorjio W. Ynrlc, - - liditor. I'rnr.isHED wkekf.y hv GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, 50 nrai Ave/me. - CHICAGO, ILI.. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. lEntered at the Post-Offlce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter.) VoLXnV. CHICAM, ILL,, MAY, 16, 1895. No, 20. ' *♦ T ▼ ▼ V T TT-T T TTT-T T ▼ T T ▼ ▼ ▼▼ TTTT-TTyTTTT T T T-WWr- Editorial Budget* Dr. miller, of Marengo, III., made me a short but pleasant visit last week while here to present the freight-rate matter before the Classification Committee of the various rail- roads. The Doctor is just as good-natured and full of bee- talk as ever. The Toronto Convention of the North Ameri- can is already being arranged for. I notice by the Canadian Bee Journal that President Holtermann has secured the splendid auditorium in connection with the Normal School for the convention, situated in a very desirable part of the city. Efforts are now being put forth to secure the best possible railroad rates from leading points in Canada and the United States. It is none too early to settle such matters, as the months so swiftly pass by. It won't be Canada's fault if the convention isn't a great success. The Committee on Freight Rates, appointed by the North American at its meeting in St. Joseph, last Octo- ber, was finally able, on May 8, here in Chicago, to get before the whole Classification Committee of the railroads, for the purpose of urging a reduction in the freght rates on honey, beeswax and bee-supplies. For nearly an hour, Dr. Miller, representing the North American committee, explained matters most ably and fully to some 40 railroad men, and tried to show them wherein it would be mutually advantageous to reduce the rates on goods shipped by bee-keepers and bee-supply manufacturers. Mr. Herman P. Moore, a promising young lawyer here in Chicago, with Mr. R. A. Burnett, the commission man, and the editor of the American Bee Journal, accompanied Dr. Miller, and helped him in presenting the case before the Classification Committee. Mr. Newman kindly sent to the room where the commit- tees met, several hives in the flat prepared for shipment, a honey-extractor, smokers, shipping-crates, etc.; and Mr. Burnett sent over a crate of nice comb honey and a large empty shipping-crate with handles, for holding probably a dozen small crates of comb honey. This was done to show the railroad people more clearly the nature and make-up of the goods upon which a reduction of rates was asked for. After presenting the matters seemingly to the satisfaction of the Classification Committee, Dr. Miller and his assistants retired, leaving those who have to do with fixing the rates to decide among themselves whether or not they would grant the requests of the committee appointed by the North American Bee-Keepers' Association. At this time (May 10) I have not heard the decision, but expect to bo able to give something definite next week. I want to testify to the clear and able manner in which Dr. Miller presented the case. Many were the questions asked him by Chairman Ripley and others, which only a practical bee-man could have answered ; and the Doctor almost inva- riably did it in such a happy manner that often the whole crowd were much amused. It was almost a lecture on bee- keeping, too, for even railroad men are interested in the busy bee when they have some one to talk to them upon the sub- ject who knows more about it than he "don't know," or than he is willing to admit. I think I am safe in predicting that at least some of the concessions will be granted by the Classification Committee. Ten Weeks for Ten Cents.— This is a "trial trip" offer to those who are not now subscribers to the Ameri- can Bee Journal. Undoubtedly there are thousands who would take this journal regularly if they only had a " good taste" of it, so as to know what, a help it would be to them in their work with bees. In order that such bee-keepers may be able to get that " taste." the very low offer of " 10 weeks for 10 cents" is made. Now, dear reader, you cannot do a better service than to show this offer to your neighbor bee-keeping friends, and urge them to send on their 10 cents and get the next iO numbers of the old American Bee Journal. In fact, yoti could afford to send the 10 cents for them, and then after the 10 weeks expire, get them as new subscribers for a year. They will be easy to secure then, for the 10 numbers will be a fair trial, and they will want the Bee Journal regularly if they are at all interested in bee-keeping. Remember, it's o?iJj/ iO cents for 10 weeks, to all not now subscribers to the Bee Journal. BIr. R. F. Holtermann, editor of the Canadian Bee Journal, has been appointed Lecturer in Apiculture at the Ontario Agricultural College, located in Guelph, Ont. He is also to conduct a series of apiarian experiments. This is an important position, and places Mr. H. in a field where he can render invaluable service to the cause of progressive bee- culture. ■Wagner's Flat Pea (Lathyrus Silvestris) has been referred to in the American Bee Journal several times the past year or two. A short time ago I came across a report con- cerning it issued in July, 1893, by Mr. Clinton D. Smith, Director of the Michigan Experiment Station. Thinking there might have been a later report sent out, and that it might prove to be a valuable honey-plant, I wrote to Mr. Smith, to which he replied as follows : Ageicultukal College, Mich., April 27, 1895. American Bee Journal, Chicago, III. Oentlcmen : — Your letter of the 25th inst. is at hand. We have issued no Bulletin concerning the fiat pea since July, 189;!. I know nothing as to its quality as a honey-yielder, although I have never noticed that bees work on the plant. I very much doubt whether it can ever become a bee-plant, since it is so hard to get it started, and the results are so altogether unsatisfactory. Yours respectfully, Clinton D. Smith, Director. The report sent out in 1893, which is spoken of above, reads thus : FLAT PEA (Lntliyrus Silvestris). "Those who have walked through the Station field since the first of June, cannot fail to have noted the very luxuriant and beautiful plat of more than an acre in extent of the new forage-plant, lyiitliyrus Silvestris. It started early in the spring, every root having endured the severe cold of winter without injury. The tops were uninjured last fall by the severe frosts. They did not stop growing until heavy freez- 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 317 iug came. Indeed, where there was quite a covering of tops and the snow fell early remained on the ground, those sprouts on the under side at the surface of the ground were not killed by the freezing of winter, but remained green until the plants began their new growth this spring. The whole field started early, and made a green and beautiful appearance. Then came on a long spell of cold and windy weather, which kept everything back, hence it was not until late that the plants got down to work. Since then it has let itself loose, so to say, and grown in a reckless but determined fashion. Every root sent out numerous shoots that spread away on every side until the ground was covered with a dense mass. Then it began to climb up. The tendrils of one shoot caught on to all the neighboring shoots, and by June there was a deep garment of verdure more than three feet in depth, which yielded at the rate of 16 tons of green forage per acre. Cured, it made at the rate of four tons of choice hay per acre. The forage is eaten eagerly by all kinds of farm stock. Not only does it enrich the soil, but it is able to flourish on very poor soil. Our flat peas were sown on the most sandy soil on our farm. When one sees the freshly-dug plant, with its hundreds of tubercles, he feels sure that if any plant can enrich the soil, this one can." In Gleanings for May 1, I find an account of the experi- ence of Mr. A. I. Root, of Medina, Ohio, with the flat pea, who says this about it : LATHYRUS, AGAIN. To-day (April 26) we are taking up our plants and mov- ing them to the field. I was astonished to see the nitrogen- nodules strung along on the little rootlets, like beads on a cord. It is now satisfactorily settled that all leguminous plants — peas, clover, etc., that produce these nodules or little white knobs the size of a pinhead on their roots, have the faculty of taking nitrogen from the atmosphere. That is why clover is worth more than any other plant to plow under. At the Experiment Station in Florida they showed me these nod- ules on their leguminous plants. Well, I never saw anything like the number there is on our lathyrus. The roots go down so deep that my stalwart friend " Ben " said it was too much work to try to dig them without breaking the roots off. At its present stage, with the foliage only a few inches in height, I am sure cows and horses will take it as readily as they will any of our clovers. When it gets to be tall and strong it may be different. If you wish to see one of these plants, foliage and all, we will mail you one for .5 cents, or ten of them for 25 cents. With such a root as they have, I do not know how the plant can fail to grow. The wonderful power this lathyrus possesses to penetrate a hard and impervious subsoil was shown in digging up a plant an hour ago, that had forced its root absolutely through a piece of partially rotten board that was down in the plant- bed. The root came through on the other side, and went sev- eral inches beyond the board ; but it was so firmly fastened that the bit of board was carried along and put out with the plant. The roots invariably go straight down ; and after they are six months old they will, without doubt, be proof against drouth to dry up the plant, or against the effects of frost to heave it out in winter. Those who wish to experiment with this new forage-plant can send to Mr. Root for plants, as offered above. On page 585 of the Bee Journal for May 10, 1894, I called attention to the flat pea, and also gave an illustration of it. At that time these paragraphs were published, and they are given again for the benefit of the new readers of the Bee Journal : It seems that Herr Wagner, of Munich, Germany, has been at work for the past 30 years, crossing and improving, and from a bitter weed has developed a succulent forage-plant unusually rich in sugar, and relished by all kinds of stock. The illustration of the plant shows something much like the sweet-pea, to which it is closely related. The roots are said to penetrate the hardest, driest and rockiest soils, reaching to the depth of 10 or 20 feet. A dry season does not affect it. Once started it will last for 50 years. Barren land occupied by it is changed to fertile soil. Those who understand how red clover takes so much of its nourishment from the air, will not have so much difficulty in believing this. This flat pea belongs to the ^egumuiosxr, as well as clover. Cows fed on this plant give forth more milk than when fed on clover, and we hardly dare say how much more butter. Some of the German friends count the introduction of this plant equally important with that of the potato. Railroad companies are planting along their embankments and deep cuts, so that its long roots may prevent washing away of the soil. Four tons of dry hay per acre are obtained, three cuttings being made. The first cutting takes away all chance for a honey crop at that time, but, if we undertand it correctly, the bees have a rich harvest on its blossoms after the first cutting, and not until October is its yield of nectar over. Of course we are only giving what is reported, and it re- mains to be seen whether the plant is of value in this country. A somewhat serious drawback is the difficulty of getting a start. It is very liable to kill out during the first or second winter. *-»~^ Pleasant Occupation of Tending Bees is the subject of an intensely interesting and finely illustrated article appearing in the May and June numbers of The Cos- mopolitan, written by Mr. W. Z. Hutchinson, the scholarly and practical editor of the Bee-Keepers' Review. The first half of the article appears in the May number of that popular monthly, and contains 13 superb apiarian pictures done in half-tone. Mr. H. made all the original photographs himself, so all are true to nature. The first shows a side view of the interior of a bee-hive— with bees, frames, combs and all. Then follow a neat section of honey, worker-bees and sting, drone, queen-bee and egg— the last three being magnified about four times; comb from the brood-nest of a colony that has just cast a swarm, comb in process of construction, a Vermont api- ary in winter, group of queen-cells, bellows bee-smoker, queen shipping-cage, pulling bee-stings, and a typical farm apiary. Evidently the editor of The Cosmopolitan furnished the double title to Mr. Hutchinson's article, for the second part reads thus: "Being a complete account of the honey-bee, his home, his migrations, his habits of life, his business methods, his storehouses, his food, and communal life." One versed in bee-keeping, if reading no further, would conclude it was all about drones, but it isn't. However, taken as a whole, it is the richest thing on bees, I believe, that has ever appeared in any popular magazine. And no more able author could have been selected to prepare it. The Cosmopolitan has honored both itself and the pursuit of bee-culture, for it has thus presented to a large constituency of readers a most fascinating subject in a very captivating manner. The pictures alone are worth many times the price of each number. Better get the May and June numbers of The Cosmopolitan (20 cents each), furnished by W. Z. Hutch- inson, Flint, Mich. ^TC)or)^ ilr)c Bee-Papers Conducted by " GLUA.NBR. SPRING DESERTING OP HIVES. Lately, since the queen-excluding zinc has become com- mon, I have simply hived back in its own hive the colony swarming out, and placed a strip of perforated zinc at the entrance, thus keeping the queen from going out, in which case the bees will return after each swarming-out : and if such colony so treated does not die by dwindling it can usually be saved in this way. But, as I said, unless for some reason you wish to preserve the individuality of any colony which once swarms out, the best thing to do is to unite it with some other colony, as the work required to make a good colony of such a discouraged colony amounts to more than any ordinary colony is worth. — Doolittle, in Gleanings. SELF-SPACING TACKS FOR FRAMES. J. M. Moore speaks of these on page 286. A few years ago they were mentioned with favor in Gleanings, and per- haps elsewhere. One objection is that as the frames cannot be absolutely without any play lengthwise, the middle points of the heads of the nails or tacks will not always exactly meet, and so there will be a variation in the spacing. A single nail 318 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 16, with a head sufficiently large would overcome this objection, but would not be so good in other respects. As everything connected with the prevention of brace- combs is of interest, it would be desirable to have Mr. Moore tell us what other difference there was to account for the smaller number of brace-combs than with the V-edged Hoff- man. I don't see how it is possible for this kind of apparatus for spacing to make any difference in the amount of brace- combs. If the top-bars were the same distance apart, and of the same width and thickness, I should expect the brace- combs to be the same. By the way, he speaks of the top-bars being 9s inch apart. Is not M inch considered the better dis- tance nowadays? A BIG CONVENTION. Here's an item from the Australian Bee-Bulletin: "A bee-keepers' convention was held at Mrs. Atchley's, Beeville, in December, at which some 3U0 delegates were present." We have the credit of doing some tall lying on this continent, esteemed Australian, but you seem to have struck the cham- pion liar. Please tell us who gave you that 300, that he may be properly crowned. T SUPER vs. THE SECTION-HOLDER. Dr. Miller has a tilt with the editor of Gleanings as to the respective merits of the T super and section-holder, the former stoutly maintaining that the T super is better, and the latter rather hinting that the doctor is somewhat old-fogy. Many section-holders are ordered and few T supers, but the Doctor claims that is because Root's catalogue says section- holders are the best. Perhaps the editor gives the chief reason for his preference for the section-holder when he says : " T supers formerly had the lead ; but they were not very well adapted to the Dovetailed hive, without making supers of dif- ferent lengths from the regular hive-body." Strangely enough, the Doctor says nothing about the special advantage that the T super has in being adapted to sections of any width, while the section-holder can take only one width. ConcZucted by " BEE-MA.STEIt." Bce-Kcepiiig on a Small Scale. Here in Canada, far more than in the United States, bee- keeping is practiced in a small way, and apiaries of two or three colonies are quite common. In Britain, even more than in this country, apiaries of small extent abound. In the United States leading bee-keepers discourage this kind of thing. In Britain it is the other way, and the cottager is advised and helped to carry on a little apiary as an adjunct to his means of getting a livelihood. Why bee-keeping ou a small scale should be frowned upon, it is not so easy to perceive.- The extensive gardener does not try to put down gardening on a 7x9 area. The dairyman does not object to householders keeping a family cow. Nor is it easy to see why objection should be made to a family producing its own stock and store of honey. What does deserve to be discouraged is entering on bee- keeping, whether on a large or small scale, iu utter ignorance of the pursuit. It is the height of folly for people to suppose, as many do, that it is only necessary to get a colony of bees and then leave them to shift for themselves. The home gar- den and the family cow will not thrive if thus treated. There is a " know-how " connected with everything which is essen- tial to success. This must be acquired in some way or other, or it is folly to attempt gardening, cow-keeping, bee-keeping or any other pursuit. As illustrative of bee-keeping on a small scale, attention is called to a communication published herewith under the heading, " How Two Colonies Wintered." The writer evi- dently has the " know-how," and the details of his manage- ment and experience are interesting. I hope he will give more of the history of his two colonies later on in the season. I do not think he will change his mind as to the advisability of out-door wintering in the latitude of Toronto. Farther north, say Muskoka, the cellar may be preferable, but in the milder parts of Ontario, wintering as described by Mr. Grant is quite practicable, and far less trouble than cellar-wintering. As a scientific pastime, bee-keeping on a small scale is greatly to be commended, apart from any economical or finan- cial reasons. I know a doctor in Montreal who for several years kept an observing bee-hive on a balcony opening from an upstairs window, and derived no end of pleasure from observing and studying the ways of " the little busy bee." It is well if our recreations can be made to increase our stock and store of useful knowledge. How Two Colonies Wintered. " Bee-Mastkr," Dear Sir ; — Being a reader of the Ameri- can Bee .Tournal and a bee-man of fairly long standing, and successful to boot, though not in this hemisphere, I take much pleasure in perusing its contents. In the old country — Britain — from which I hail, we have, as you know, no such extremes of climate as are experienced here, and consequently the bees, iu winter time especially, are left much more to themselves. I have two colonies, the result of one I bought last spring, and these have come through the winter in tip-top condition. I could not have desired anything better. I didn't have re- course to the cellar as a protection against the rigorous winter through which we have just come. The hives stood on the summer stands. In the autumn I made a box large enough to hold both hives and admit of a space of six inches or so all round them. This space I filled with forest leaves firmly packed, and on top of the hives I placed four or five inches of cork-dust ; about this again more leaves. The box was filled to the top and nailed down. In the one case I made no accommodation for ventilation from beneath. This hive was also virtually full of bees in autumn. In the other case the hive was not so full of bees, yet I gave two inches or so of space below the frames. Both hives were closed from the beginning of Decem- ber until the break up of winter the end of March, making altogether nearly four mouths. By closing up I mean, I put on in front of the hive wire- gauze, so that no bees could by any means get out. I gave them no further attention until I took off the wire. I found in the case of the former hive a very large num- ber of dead bees and still a strong colony. A large propor- tion of the dead bees were absolutely black and shiny, minus wings, etc.; the result, I think, of some disease which I slightly noticed in the autumn, though I can't explain the nature or cause. This colony is entirely healthy now, how- ever. In the other case I found about a hundred or so dead bees, and a colony much stronger than when closed up in autumn. This hive besides was perfectly dry in every corner — not so the other, yet it was not bad. Had I done the same with bees in the old country, I should have had two colonies either dead or dying with dysentry. But here they seem to suffer no inconvenience whatever from long confinement. I forgot to say that I shaded both hives from the rays of the sun, and that the entrance was the whole width of the hive. I am inclined to think that bees will, under favorable conditions as to food and protection from damp, stand any amount of cold. My experience of a year ago bears me out in this. I had occasion to be visiting friends in the State of Rhode Islaud a year ago, when by accident I discovered a colony of bees in a gate-post. I went to work at once to get them out, as I had only a day or two longer to stay, and this was in March, just after the break up of a month of the cold- est weather I have as yet experienced. To my great astonish- ment, I got as large a number of bees as I ever saw in any individual colony in raid-summer. The entrance I may say to the nest was from the top of the post, immediately below the head-cope, which jutted out all around far enough to fully protect the bees from wet. There was an ample supply of stores and no end of brood. I would not for a minute say that it is not necessary to use cellars for protection, which reduces to a minimum the large amount of labor necessary to proper protection from dampness, yet it seems to me that no care need be taken in keeping up a uniform degree of heat around the hives, in order to have strong colonies in spring. No doubt this is not the case everywhere, and 1 may yet have to change my mind in regard to wintering, as doubtless bee-keepers throughout the Dominion of Canada have tried all places and found the cellar the most reliable. There seems to be a good prospect for bee-keepers this year in this vicinity. G. W. Grant. Toronto, Ont., April 26. 'I'lisil i^cM" i^oiig' — " Queenie Jeanette" — which is being sung everywhere, we can send you for -JO cents, postpaid, or club it with the American Bee Journal for one year — both for only $1.10. Or, send us one new subscriber for a year (with $1.00), and we will mail you a copy of the song free. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 319 1 6 Years Best on Earth . .Sent per mail on receipt I of price. 3 , S Circulars and Doz. rates ■"I sent on application. Doctor. 3H in., Largest Smoker made. . . $1.75 Ctonqueror. 3inch stove 1.50 Large, 2>/4-inch stove 1.00 Plain Standard, 2-inch stove TO Little Wonder. l?i-inch stove 50 BIngbam & Iletherington Honey-Knife. .80 T.F. BIIWGHAi»,Abronia, Midi. 1 6 A Mtntion tJie American Bee Jtyumai BEES & QUEENS Ready iu May. Queens. $1.00. Bees by the Pound, $1.00. Two-frame Nuclei, with Qneen J2 50. One-frame. $2.00. Also, Barred P. R. Eggs, for setting, $1.00 per 15. Mrs. A. A. SIMPSON, Box 48, Swarts, Fa. 15Ai:it Please mention the Bee Journal. SAVE MONEY 1 "^^l^^^^^am, ITALIAN QUEENS Foundation at Wholesale Prices. llive»«, suited for the South, or SIJPPL.IES, send for Price-List— to J. P. H. BROW.\, ^uousTA, 1 0 A 1 3 1 M^ntion the American Bee Journal. For Sale or Exchange ! Lot of Miscellaneous Supplies, some new and some second-hand. Must be disposed of on account of removal. Write for what you want or for list of Goods. Will exchange forteacD. harness, buggy, or platform wagon, or offers. F. H. KICHARD.<«ON, 15A8t LACLEDE, Linn Co., MO. Mention the American Bee Journal. GOLDEN BEAUTIES And 3-Banded Italian-Also Silver-Gray Carniolan Queens Keared in separate yards. Italians warranted purely mated, all at same price. Untested, 75c. each; 5 or over. 10 per cent. off. Tested Italian. $1.00. Write for Catalog of Bee- Keeper*' Supplies. Vi Di DANKoIUN, BurlisoQ Co.. TEXAS. 13A Please mention the Bee Journal. TAKE NOTICE! BEFORE placing your orders for SUP- PLIES, write for prices on 1-Piece Bass wood Sections, Bee-Hives. Shipping -Crates Frames, Foundation, Smokers, etc. PAGE & I,YOI« MFG. CO. NEW LONDON, WIS. Mention the American Bee Journal, Promptness Is What Counts ! Honey- Jars, Shipping- Cases, and ev- I erything that bee-keepers use. Root's 1 Goods at Root's Prices, and the I best shipping jtoint in the country. Dealer in Honey and Beeswax. Cata- iiTrMalAve.WalterS. Ponder INDIANAPOLIS, IND. Maitlon the American bee journal. GOLDEN QUEENS !^?oT^;?^.fJiS 60e. Tested. $1 to $2. Breeders. $3. Best, $5. Samples of Bees, 2c. None better for Honey, Beauty and Gentleness. Ready now. Fully guaranteed. F. C. MORBOW, Wallaceburg, Ark. 20A13 Mtntionthe American Bee Journal- Qerjeral Mcrr)s. At Last, Good Prospects. There is at last, after four years of almost an entire failure, a good prospect for the bee-keeper. Among those who keep bees in the old style, which compose the large majority in this part of north Missouri, the last winter about completed the destruction which had been gradually going on for three years. I did fairly well last year, getting 400 pounds of nice clover and bass- wood honey from four colonies. I have been a reader of the American Bee Journal for seven or eight years, and fre- quently find in one number information that pays for one year's subscription. J. T. Allen, M. D. Gallatin, Mo., May 2. Not a Honey-Tree. I enclose specimen from a tree near my house which I would like to know the name of, as it is now in full blossom (April 20), such as I send you, and the bees are just swarming over it. The seed from which the tree was grown came from Pennsylva- nia. Do you think the bees are getting any honey from it ? My bees are doing splendidly ; I lost only one colony out of )SU this spring. They were on the summer stands all winter. W. H. Hopewell. Stephens City, Va. [I mailed the specimen to Prof. Cook, who kindly reports as follows: — Editor.] A mere sprig with no leaves, and only staminate blossoms; from these no honey, only pollen, could come. It is too small a specimen. — A. J. Cook. Death of Mr. J. B. Black. We have to chronicle the sad news of the death of another professional apiarist — J. B. Black, of Pattonsburg, Mo. The cause of his death was pneumonia. He began to make bees a study about seven years ago, and gradually made it his profession from pure love of the busy insects. Although a middle-aged man when he became deeply interested in the study of bees, he carefully posted himself on all the important details of apiary management, and was " up " with modern methods of keeping and improving an apiary. He delighted in scientific dis- cussion of our most difficult problems. He was remarkably successful in cellar-winter- ing, always coming out in the spring with trifling loss. His apiary, of some TO colo- nies, came through the past winter with only two lost, although the past summer was fearfully dry. Wm. Black will take charge of the apiary. It will be long before we cease to miss his genial father. He died a triumphant Christian. G. F. F. Moving Bees Successfully. Feeling indebted to the many contributors of the Bee Journal for valuable suggestions, prompts me to offer a bit of experience in regard to moving bees successfully, that is. to prevent suffocation in the hive when placed upon a wagon and hauled for a con- siderable distance. It seems to be a prevailing opinion that the hive must be closed so as to prevent the bees from escaping, and acting upon this principle caused me to lose several valuable colonies. I noticed, liowever, that if there was a smoker on tlie wagon, and placed on the front end so that the smoke would flow back over the hives, that even though there was a hole where the bees could escape, they would not leave the hive, not only at night, but also on a bright sunshiny day. Acting upon this, 1 decided that it was not necessary to confine them to the hive at all, and further experiment taught that the principle was a correct one. My method of moving bees now is as fol- Knoll's Combined Press and Fastener^ A Perfect Machine ; Cheapest ma'le : Weigljt only 2% pounds. Great Time Saver. Write for Free Circular, giving Directions. Prices, etc. J. C. KNUL.L., Uleuwood, Nebr. ^T" I own the Nebr. State right for Allejr Drone-Trap. 18A4 WHEN ANSWEflINQ THIS AOVEHTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOUIMA^ SUPPLIES BEES QUEENS LARGE STOCK. LOW PRICES. Catalogue Free. I. J. STRHVOHAM, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK. N. V. McCALLUM STEEL WHEEL WAGONS Hieheet Awards at World's Fair. Broad ornarrow fires, high or low wheels to fit any skein. Are cliniiite- proof, weigh less, run lit;hter sell faster. AVarranted 1 for ten years | Wheelfe or axlee made Getcataloeneof WlllV f**r Potato Di.(;eere wj ■*' wagon encAGo lnT;:cF & Pickers,' also, ^^jgl^ makers. Liberal Discounts to Aeents or first to purchase. McCallum Steel Wheel Wagon Co., Aurora, XlL.tJ. S. A. 14Ai;it I'lease meiitiou the Bee Joarnal. 300 m of A IVo. 1 Italian Bees in 8-fr. Dovetailed Hives, for sale CHEAP. Also a Full Line of Apiarian Goods, all nc«r» at livingr prices. Send for Catalojrue. to- ll. T. Flanagan, Box 78.3, BelleTille, Els. IIAIO m'nuonthe American Bee Joumai, COMB FOUNDATION fJ'I'^ir^^^^Ia and I'Jc. per lli. tor E.\traThin. when Wax is sent to me; and 1 will guar.tntee that there is no better made. Piice-List and Samples free to all. Angubt Weiss, Hortonville, Wis. 15 A8 Mention the American Bee Journal STILL IN THE LEAD. HILTOX'S Chaff Hivc§, T-Su- pers, Wliilc Polished Sections, Foiiiiclalioii, Sinokers, and ever- ytiiiiig needed in tlie Apiary. —Send for 1895 Catalog— GEO. E.HILTON, FREMONT, MICH. iiAia Mention the American Bee Jowfutu COMBINATION- SWARM-CATCHER & DRONE-TRAP. Full Description, nicely illustrated, sent free. Alsoour PiucK-LisTof Beautiful Vellow— Banded Beef* and Queeus. If Queens do not give satisfaction, no charge will be made. Our Queen-ltearing experience cevers 35 yrs. Our strains of Golden- Yellow Bees unsur- passed. HENKV AL,I.E:Y, 19Atf WENHAM, MASS. 320 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 16, Ions : I take a small sheet, or anything that will completely cover a hive, and when the bees are all in— either morning or even- ing— I throw this sheet over the hive and blow a puff or two of smoke under it. I then pick it up and load it upon the wagou, which is also provided with a sheet large enough to cover the wagon-box entirely. Then after another puff or two of smoke under the small sheet to drive them all in, 1 remove it and throw the large sheet over the hive, and continue this way until the wagou is loaded, and by occasionally rais- ing the edge of the sheet and blowing a few puffs of smoke under it. the bees are pre- vented from trying to get out and sting the horses, and they can be hauled all day, on warm days. too. with perfect safety, both as to stinging the team and from suffoca- tion. If 1 want to unload them before they all go back into their respective hives, as "they will come out for air. I blow a dense smoke under the sheet to drive them back, then uncover the hives one by one, and use the small sheet to unload, the same as in load- ing. 1 have tried this method until I know that it is a success, provided that the combs are not too new and tender, so as to be broken by the jar of the wagon. San Pasqual, Calif. A. M. Strii'lis. Andreuse — Honey-Pilferers. Enclosed please find two insects which I found to-day while watching my bees. They alight on the bees' backs and bite them with their large nippers. Please let me know through your valuable paper what these insects are, and whether they are a dangerous enemy of the bees or not. My 14 colonies are all right so far, and look vigorously tor something to do. Heri!Ert J. Van Wagenex. Westerville, N. Y., April IT. [Prof. Cook, to whom the insects were forwarded, replies thus: — Editor.] These are Andrena?. They often go into hives and pilfer the honey. I am skeptical abcut their biting the bees ; at least I never saw them do it. — A. J. Cook. Experience in Wintering Bees. From observation and my own experi- ence, I am constrained to believe with Mr. Pond (page 3a.T) that it is not the severity or ilnnttiijK of cold weather that causes bees to winter-kill, but excess of moisture. My ex- perience extends over a period of three years— the first winter I kept 4 colonies, the second 11, and the third IT. To prepare for wintering I usually reduce the number of frames to from 4 to (i. ac- cording to the size of the colony ; I then put chaff division-boards at the sides, with a Hill device and chaff cushion on top, and give full width entrance; also see that they have about io pounds of stores per colony. My bees have always wintered well, and without loss. They are Italians. Some of my neighbors who neglected to take such precautions for wintering have lost heavily. They are somewhat puzzled to know why their bees should die with from 20 to 40 pounds in the hive. I have opened several colonies which perished in this manner, and I invariably found the dead bees and combs covered with moisture. I have yet to see the colony with plenty of stores, and proper top ventilation, which has thus perished. JouN Welch, Jr. Frost, Ohio. Bees and Strawberries. Mr. Eugene Secor says that bees seldom work on strawberry bloom, and doubtless he states the fact so tar as his vicinity is concerned. But here in Illinois they do work on them. Whether they fertilize the berries or not I do not know, but my belief is strong that they do, or help to do so. Three years ago I had a patch of straw- berries one rod wide and 14 rods long. The Largest Factory iu the West. -COMPLETE STOCK.- Good Supplies and Low Prices— Our Motto. We are here to serve you, aud will, if you give us a chance. Calalo^ue Free, Address, Mention this Journal. LEAHY MANUFACTURING CO., HiGGINSVILLE, MO. California ^ WORD TO THE WISE I will pay the Freight on Cash Orders of $20 or over at Catalogue rates, if within 300 miles of Chicago. —My Illustrated Catalogue— of Uee-Keepei-N' Supplies FREK. Thos. G. IVewnmn, ^'''cmcAGor.L..^"" If you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers. Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated, $2.40 per annum. Sainple Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL, PRESS, 220 Market St„ - SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. FOUNDATION Is way up, and it will pay jou to look around. IVorkiiia; Wax into Foundation by the lb. a Specialty. Beeswax wanted at all times. I pay the highest price, and sell Foundation at a low margin. Send lor Samples and Prices, to— GliS DITTJnEK, AUGUSTA, WIS. Reference- Augusta Bank. IGAtf APIARIAN SUPPLIES ^-^r...?^ftl. Keeper "—how to manage bees. etc. — 25 cts. The "Model Coop." for hen and her brood Wyandotte, Langshan and Leghorn Eggs for hatching. Cat. free, but state what vou want J. W. ROUSE & CO., mexico, Mo. GOOD GOODS are always in demand. I_0\A^ PRIOEQ are appeciated in these times. PROlVI Pi O t n V I C/C is a necessity to business. ^Ve Combine All Tlii-ee. t;S~ Write for free Catalogue and Price-Llst. . G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis. ^P~ Be sure to mention the American Bee Journal when you write. _^ PATENT WIRED COMB FODNDATION THE PI. ACE Has No Sag in Brood-Frames Thin Flat-Kottom Foundation Bas Ilio Fishbone id the Surplus lloiiey. BelnK the oleanest Is usually worked the quickest of any Foundation made J. VAN DEUSEN &. SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Sprout Brook MontKomery Co., N. Y. BEGINNERS. Beginners should have a copy of the Amateur Bee-Keeper, a 70-page book by Prof. J. W. Rouse. Price 25 cents; If sent by mall, 2, So. The little boolt and the Progressive Bee-Keeper (a live, pro- gressive 28-page monthly journal) one year, 65c. Address any flrst-class dealer, or liEAHY MFG. 00., Higginsville, Mo. To get your QUEENS and ItKKS. Untes- ted Queens— Carniolans, IJ-iJaiuls aud 5-Bands — $1.00 caeh;B for lo. 00; or 19.00 per dozen. Tested — y-Bands, $1.50; 5-Band«. $-'.50 each; Carniolans, $2.00 each. Fine Breeders, eith- er race. $5.00 each. Bees by the Pound, $1.00; 10 or more. 90c. each. Nuclei, $1.00 a Frame; 10 frames, 90c.— made to suit anj' hive. You can have any of the Queens, as above, at their price e.xtra to go with Nuclei. Send for Free Catalogue that tells all about Queen-Rearing. Also ask for a sample copy oE the new bee-journal, first issue out May the 1st. We are determined to give you a, journal second to uoue, and at the end of a year if you are not well paid for the $1.00 I will gladly return your money. Cook for something rare and interesting IQ "The Southland Queen." A Bee-Illve Factory running everyday. THE JENNIE ATCHLEY CO. ISAtt BEEVILLE, Bee Co., TEXAS. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 321 center of the bed was planted with stami- nate plants, the sides with pistilate plants. The winter proved hard on the plants, and they winter-killed badly — the staminate plants much the worst, in fact they were about all dead, so that there was not one staminate plant to 25 of the pistilate plants. This made me watch the berry bed very closely. Well, blooming time came, and with it the bees — hmi' tlieij did swarm over the blouin .' I saw as many as three bees on one bunch of bloom ; still, I expected a very poor crop of berries ; yet, when picking came, I sel- dom ever saw so fine, and so many berries —I am afraid to say how many— and the bees stuck to them as long as the bloom lasted. I do not know that they were the cause of the immense crop, but I believe it, especially as it seemed that there were no staminate plants close enough to have fer- tilized one part of the bed, yet it seemed as good as any. I give the above for Mr. Secor's benefit, but it may be with him, with strawberries, as it is with golden-rod with me. Bees here seldom work on golden-rod. but I have no doubt they work freely on it in many places. S. N. Black. Clayton, Dls. Basswood the Only Hope. We wintered 242 colonies with a loss of 10 per cent. White clover is almost extinct, and our only hope for white honey is the basswood. S. Waters & Son. McGregor, Iowa, April 24. Every Prospect for a Good Crop. We have every prospect here for a good crop of honey. Bees are strong — no winter loss. We have had good heavy rains. Monroe, Ijwa, April 17. J. A. Nash. Wintered Best for Years. Bees have wintered the best they have for years, although we have had a very severe winter. John L. George. Springfield, N. H., April 22. Good Prospects for a Crop. Prospects are good for a crop of honey have 23 colonies which I wintered on summer stands without loss. Jno. A. Blochek. Shirley, 111., April 22. I the Swarming and Gathering Honey. Bees are doing finely, and gathering honey from locust and other flowers. I had a large swarm to come out yesterday. I bought one colony of bees last September, and now 1 have two good colonies already. Bees have just commenced working well, I think I will get three or four colonies from my one this year. W. E. Young. Henderson, Tex., April 23. Started with Bees from the Woods. I am so much pleased with the Bee Jour- nal that I want to subscribe for it. I have two colonies of bees that I found in the woods last year in July. We put them into Langstroth hives that a neighbor had whose bees were all dead. They wintered well, and are doing nicely now gathering pollen. There are no bees kept within S miles, unless they are wild. Mrs. R. a. Fifield. E. Sullivan, N. H., April 34. Bees Wintered Very Poorly. Bees have wintered poorly in this locality. I think it is safe to say 75 per cent, are dead. I have 12 colonies alive to-day out of 24. Some have lost all. I am the best off of any one that I know. Last season was so dry I think the bees did not rear brood as usual, BEE-BOOKS SENT POSTPAID BV Georfi:e W. York & Co., Chlcaero, Ills. Bees and Honey, or Management of an Apiary for Pleasnre and I*rolit. by Thomas G. Newman. — This edition has been lur^^^ely rewritten, thoroughly revised, and Is ** fully up with the times " In all the Improvements and Inventions In this rapidly-devel- oping pursuit, and presents the apiarist with everything that can aid In the successful manage- ment of an apiary, and nt the same time produce the most honey In an atirnetive condition. It con- tains 250 pages, and 24.'> Illustrations— Is beautifully printed In the hlglieststvle of the art, and bound In cloth, gold-lettered. Price, $1.00. l.ani;stroth on the Honey-Bee* revised by Dadunt—Thls classic In bee-culture, has been entirely re- written, and Is fully lllustruted. It treats of everything relating to bees and bee-keep- ing. No aplarlna library Is complete wltlioutthls standard work by Ucv. L. 1.. J^angstroth — the Father of American Bee Culture. It has 520 pages; bound lu cloth. Price. $1.40. Bee-Reepers' Ouide* or Manual of the Apiary, by Prof. A. J Cook, of the Michigan Agri- cultural College.— This book Is not only instructive and helpful as a guide In bee-keeping, but Is interesting aud thorouk'lily practical and scientific. It contains a full delineation of the anatomy and physiology of bees. 4tj(j pages ; bound in cloth and fully Illustrated. Price, Scientific Queen-Rearing, as Practically Applied, by G. M. Doollttle.— A method by which the very best of Queen-Bees are reared In perfect accord with Nature's way. 17H pages, bound in cloth, and Illustrated. Price, $1.00. A B C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. Root.— A cyclop:edla of 400 pai:L's, describing everything pertaining to the care of the honey-bees. It con- tains 'A0\) engravings, it was written especially for beginners Bound in cloth. Price, $1.25. A Year Among the Bees, by Dr. C. C. Miller-* A talk about some of tlie Implements, plans and practices of a bee-keeper of 25 years" experience, who has for 8 years m:ide the production of honey his e.vclusive business. It gives full particulars about caring for bees througliout the whole year. 114 pages, bound In cloth, and illustrated. 50 cts. Advauced Bee-Culture, Its Methods and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.— The author of tills work is too well known to need further description of his bviok. He Is a practical and entertaining writer. Vim should read his book. 90 pages, bound In paper, aiul illustrated. Price, 50 cts. Katlonal Bee-Keepinpr, by Dr. John Dzlerzon — This Is a translatlnii uf his latest German book on bee-culture. It has aSO pages; bound in cloth; $1.25; In paper covers. $1.00 Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newtnan.— This Is a German translation of theprlncipt^ por- tion of the book culled Bkes OF HONEV. 10. page pamphlet. Price, 40 cents. The Apiary ReKi^iter, by Thomas G. Ne '■: .i-n — A record and account book for the apiary, < ; • • :- ingtwo pages to eacli colony. Leather blr :■; Price, for 50 oolonles, U.W. For 100 colonies, $ ' Convention Hand-Book, for Bee-Keepers. Thomas G. Newman.— It contains the parliamen- tary law and rules of order for Bee-Conventions— also Constitution and By-Laws, with subjects for discussion, etc. Cloth, gold-lettered. Price, 25 cts. "Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping, by G. R. Pierce. — The author has had 25 years' experience In bee-keeping, and fnr live years demoted all his time and energies to the puisuit. Paper covers. 50 cts. Bee-Keeping for Profit, by Dr. G. L. Tinker. —It fully details his new system of producing honey with his hive. It has 'jages. Price, 25 cents. floiiey aw Food and ITIedic-iike^ by T. G. Newman.— A ;iL2-pa;.'e pamphlet : just the thing to create a demand rm- honey at home, ^houid be scattered freely, ("nntaitis recipes for Honey-Cakes, Cookies. Puddiugs. Foanj, Wines, and uses of honey for medicine. Prices, prepaid— SinL'le copy, 5 cts.; 10 copies, 35 cts.: ."iuforSl.rjO: mofur $2.50; 1250 for $5.50; 5U0 for^io.on; or iiKin for.f in.no. When 250 or more are ordered, we will print the bee-keeper's card (tree lit cost) on the front cover page. Coniniereial Calculator, by C. Ropp.— A ready Calculat<)r, Business Arithmetic and Ac- count-Bouk eombineil in one.^ Every farmer and businessman should liave it. No. 1, bound in water pr<)of leatherette, call tinish. Price, oO cts. No. 2 in flne artificial leather, with pocket, silicate slate, and account-book. Price, $1.00. The World's Fair Women, by Mrs. J. D. Hill.— Daintiest and prettiest book issued in con- nection with the World's Fair. Contains superb full-page portraits and sketches of 3i ot the World's Fair women and wives of prominent officials. Bound in leatherette. Price. T.^icts. Oreen'sSix Books on Fruit-CwUnre, by Chas. A. Green.— Devoted 1st, to Apple and Pear Culture; lind. Plum and Cherry Culture; 3rd. Rasp- berry and Blackberry Culture; 4th, Grape Culture; 5th, Strawberry Culture. 129 pp.; illustrated. 25 cts. Garden and Orchard, by Chas. A. Green. —Gives full instructions in Thinning and Marketing Fruits; Pruning, i'lanting and (Cultivating; Spray- ing. Evaporation. Cold Storage, Etc. 94 pages, illus- trated. Price. 25 cts. Anierikanisolie Blenenziieht, by Hans Buschbauer.— Printed in German. A hand-book on bee-keeping, giving the methods in use by the best American and German apiarists. Illustrated; 138 pages. Price. $l.(iu. Thirty Years Among the Bees, by Henry Alley.— Gives the results of over a quarter- century's experience in rearing queen-bees. Very latest work of the kind. Nearly lOo pages. Price, ■'>oc. Capons and Caponizlns:, by Dr. Sawyer, Fanny Field, and otliers.— Illustrated. All about caiHinizing fowls, una thus bow to make the most money in poultry-raising. 64 pages. Price. 3)i cts. Itow to Propagate and Grow Fruit, by Chas. A. Green.— Brief instruolions in budding, grafting and layering: also propagation of fruit trees, vines and plants. 72 pages. Price 25 cts Hoiv We JTIade the Old Farm Pay, by Chas. A. Green.— Gives his personal experience on a fruit farm which he made yield a generous for- tune. 04 pages, illustrated. Price, 25 cts. Our Poultry Doctor, or Health in the Poultry Vard and How to Cure Sick Fowls, by Fanny Field.— Everything about Poultry Diseases and their Cure. (H pages. Price, 30 cts. Fmerson Binders, made especially for the Bee JorttNAL, are convenient for preserving each number as fast as received. Not mailable to Canada. Price. 75 cts. Poultry for ITfarket and Poultry for Profit, by Fanny Field.— Tells everything aboutthe Poultry Business. 64 pages. Price, 25 cts. Turkeys for Market and Turkeys for Profit, by Fanny Field.— All about Turkey-Raising. 64 pages. Price. 25 cts. Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R. Cheshire.— Its Cause and Prevention. Price. 10 cts. Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.—Orig-in. Development and Cure. Price, 25 cts. Book Clubbing Offers. The following: clubbiug: prices include the American Bee Journal one year with each book named. Uemember, that only one book can be taken in each case with the Bee Jour- nal a year at the prices named. If more books are w"anted see postpaid prices given with the description of the books on this pag:e. Following is the clubbing-list: 1. Langstroth on the Honey-Bee -K.IO 2. A B C of Bee-Culture [Cloth bound] . 1.80 3. A B C of Bee-Oulture [Paper bound]. 1.50 4. Bee-Keeper's Guide 1.65 5. Bees and Honey [Cloth bound] 1.65 6. Bees and Honey [Paper bound] 1.25 7. Scientific Queen-hearing 1.65 8. A Year Among the Bees 1..35 9. Advanced l!ce-Culture 1.30 10. Amerikanisobe Bienenzucht [Germ.] 1.75 11. Bienen-Kullur [German] 1.25 12. Katlonal Hee-Keeping [Cloth bound] 2.00 13. Katlonal Bee-Keeping[Papertound] 1.75 14. Winter Problem in Bee-Keeplng... . 1.30 15. Thirty Years Among the Bees 1.30 Ifi. Bee-Keeplng for Profit 1.15 17. Convention Hand-Book 1,15 IS. Poultry for Market and Profit 1.10 10. Turkeys for Market aud Prodt 1.10 20. Cupons and Caponlzing 1,10 21. Our Poultry Doctor 1.10 22. World's Fair Women Souvenir 1.50 23. How We Made the Old Farm Pay 1.15 24. Green's Six Books on Fruit-Culture.. 1.15 25. Garden and Orchard 1.15 26. How to Propagate and Grow Fruit. . . 1,15 27. Rural Life 1.10 28. Emerson Binder forthe Bee Journal. 1.60 29. Commercial Calculator. No. 1 1.25 30. Cammerclal Calculator, No. 2 1.50 Book Premiuiu Oilers. In the following- Premium Offers the full Sl.OOforthe Bee Journal oue year must be sent us for each new subscriber secured, and each new subscriber will also receive :i free copy of Newman's " Bees and Honey." bound in paper, except where the sender of the club is a new subscriber himself— he would be en- titled only to the premium book, and not " iJees and Honey," also. For 4 new subscribers. No. 1 in the list of books; for 3 new subscribers, your choice of Nos. 3, 4, o. 7. 10, 12, 28; for 2 new subscrib- ers, your choice of Nos. ;i, 6, 8, 9, 11. 13. 14. 15, 22, 30; for 1 new subscriber, your choice of Nos. Iti. 17. 18, 19, 20, 21,23, 24. 25, 26» 27,29. 322 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 16. and my bees worked on oak trees and ■stored a black substance (I do not know what to call it) that gave them the dysen- tery. Am I right ? I still hope for the future. 1 winter my bees in a cave. Erastus Bowex. Columbus, Wis., April 38. l>id Not Winter Well. My loss in wintering was 3 colonies out of 10. on the summer stands. Bees have not wintered very well in this section. My remaining colonies are strong, have been gathering pollen since the 17th. and have some sealed brood. Geo. McCullocu. Harwood, Ont.. April 33. Prospects Not Good. It is very dry here. prospects for bees. Milan, lU., April 33. Not good spring Curtis B. Ellis. Expects a Good Season this Year. My bees did fairly well last summer, but the cold spring is keeping them back, but they are carrying in a great deal of honey now. I think this will be a good season for them. I am a florist, and the greenhouses are in a constant buzz. I had 100 colonies of bees, but the winter of 1893 I lost all but 13. Anderson Hter. Washington C. H., Ohio, April 26. "Wintered in Splendid Condition. My bees came through in splendid condi- tion, wintered on the summer stands in chaflE hives. W. S. Yeaton. Sioux City, Iowa, April 36. Small Loss in Wintering. The American Bee Journal is greatly im- proved in its new form, and it seems indis- pensable in apiculture. Bees have wintered well, although it has been a severe winter on everything else. My losses were about 5 per cent. Alex G. Amos. Delhi, N. Y., April 37. Good Honey-Flow Expected. We had a very hard winter in eastern Pennsylvania. Many bees are dead, as they could not Hy out for nearly two months. I wintered 10 colonies on the sum- mer stands, of which '.I came out all right, and in as good condition as could be ex- pected. One was dead, and no doubt was frozen to death. It was full of stores, but too weak. Bees are carrying pollen now very busily. Fruit-trees have commenced to bloom, and I expect a good honey-flow. P. W. Flores. Dillingersville, Pa., April 27. ^Prospects Good — Bee-Paralysis. We have every prospect of a bountiful harvest. In fact, it may be one of the great honey years, but as about 7.5 per cent. of the bees died last season, there will not be a great amount secured. I have given phenol and carbolic acid a thorough test as a cure for paralysis, and believe it to be no more account than so much water. I have just lately changed all the queens, and shall note results. C. W. Dayton. Florence, Calif., May 1. 2oiwa in Bloom — Father Iiangstroth. Never have we had such a nice early spring, such nice warm weather and nice lowers. Everything is in bloom, and our bees are happy and prosperous. My .50 col- onies did not winter as well as usual. They consumed an unusual amount of stores, and came out of the cellar in a weak condition. As usual I have Father Langstroth's name on as good a colony as there is in the yard ; he gets the product of that colony when sold. Bee-keepers, try and give Father Langstroth something. You will certainly feel well after doing a good act, and God will certainly prosper you. E. J. Cronkletox. Dunlap, Iowa, April 39. The Spraying "Did TTp" the Bees. There is the largest fruit-bloom here I ever saw, and rich with honey, but the poison used in spraying the trees "did us up." while we ought to be getting surplus. Macomb, 111., May 1. J. G. Norton. Early Swarming — Bees Doing Well. I had two swarms of bees — April 23 and 39 — both from the same hive. Who can beat that for this climate ? Bees are doing well this spring so far. J. C. Balch. Bronson, Kans., May 3. Swarming and Gathering Honey. My bees have been swarming for two weeks — four issues. I will hive one more in order to get my empty hives filled with bees, and that will make 36 colonies. I will work them for comb honey the balance of the season. I had a swarm in April— first since 1877. The weather continues good so far. Should nature work on favorably, we will reap a good honey harvest during this season. Our spring blooms were backward, but they have been fruitful of honey. Pop- lars have been in bloom for a week. The bees have stored satisfactorily. Some small boxes are nearly full, that will hold 33 pounds. Honey-dew has glittered some on hickory leaves. If the warm weather re- mains, it will prevent its flow. Auston, Ala., May 5. John M, Ryan. ConTention IVoticeH. Illinois.— The spring meetins: of the North- ern Illinois Bee-Keepers' Association will be held at the residence of H. W. Lee, in Pecaton- lea, May 21, 1895. It will be held one week later if it is a stormy day. New Miltord, 111. B. Kennedy. See. Kansas.— There will be a meeting of the Southeastern Kansas Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion, to be held In the city of Ft. Scott, on Thursday, June 6, 1895. Eveiyboly is in- vited and all bee-keepars are urged to come. Bronson, Kans. J. C. Balch, Sec. RUDY'S PILE SUPPOSITORY Is guaranteed to cure Piles and Constipation, or money refunded. 50 cents per box. Send two stamps for circular and free Sample to MARTIN RUDY. Rejristered Pharmacist, Lan- caster, Pa. No Postals Answered. For sale b.v all first-class druggists everywhere. Peter Van Schaack i Sons. Robt. Stevenson & Co., Morrison. Plummer & Co., and Lord, Owen & Co., Wholesale Agents, Chicago, Ills. Please mention the Bee Journal. Novl5 A Cii-and Itee-Snioker is the one offered by W. C. R. Kemp, Orleans, Orange Co., Ind. It has a 3-inch fire-barrel, burns all kinds of fuel, and is simple, efficient and durable. Send 75 cents for a sample smoker, and you will have a rare bargain. Wants Qr Exdiannes. This department is only for your *' Wants" or bona-nde '' Exchanges," and such will be iuserted here at 10 ceuts a lino for each time, when specially ordered Into this depart- ment. Exchanges lor cash or for price-lists. or notices offering articles for sale, will not be inserted here— such belong in the regular advertising columns, at regular rates. mo EXCHANGE -Silver-Spangle Hamburgs -L for Golden-Spangle Hamburgs. 19A*2 Warren Collins, Indianfields. N. Y. WEAK POINTS IN WIRE FENCES. 1st too low! If less than 5 ft. animals reach.. lumportunible over. 3nd. cross bars too wide apart. These add nollilnff to the strength, simply spread tlie strain, like the pliinkson a bridf;e. and should be close. 3d. ('heap horizontal ivlres. No matter how large, a moderate strain stretches them un- til useless. 4th. the lack ola reliable, auto- matic tension devi.-e. End springs, ratchets, etc., can only affect near by panels. You can learn the remedy by addressing PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich- MetUicm the American Bee Jowmai Honey & Beeswax Market Qnotations. CHICAGO, III.. Apr. 18.— The supply of comb honey is very light and looks as though all would be sold, unless it be some California that is being spread upon the street. Best white comb brings 14c.; dark, 8@10c. Ex traded, 5i4@7c., according to quality, body, flavor and package. Beeswax, a8@;30c. R. A. B. & Co. KANSAS CITY, Mo.. May 8.— The demand tor comb honey is light. SVe quote: No. 1 white l-lbs.,15@l 4c. ; No. 2, 12@l3c.: No. 1 amber, ll@12c.; No. 2, lOc. Extracted. 5^@7c. Beeswax, 25c, C. C. 0. & Co. CINCINNATI,O..Apr. 19,— Demand Is quiet for all kinds of honey, with a fair supply. We quote: Best white comb, 12@l4c. Extracted 4@7c., according to quality. Beeswax is in good demand at 25@.'Hlc. for good to choice yellow. C. F. M. & S. CHICAGO. III.. Mar. 18.— Demand is good for all grades of honey excepting dark comb. Wequote: Fancy comb, 15c.; No. 1, 14c. Ex- tracted, 5@6}4c. J. A. L. PHILADELPHIA, Pa., Apr. 1. — Choice white clover honey Is getting very scarce at 14c, Dark and poorly tilled sections, 8@10c. Demand is falling off on extracted, prices ranging from 4;4@7c. Strictly pure white clover very scarce at 10c. Beeswax arriving more freely and selling at .lOOSlc. W. A. S. NEW YORK. N. r.. May 6.— The market for comb honey is over. We cleaned out all of our stock of white but have some buckwheat yet on hand. Market on extracted is quiet, with sufficient supply to meet the demand. Wequote: White comb, ll@12c.; dark, 8@9c. Extracted, white. 5^@6c. ; Southern. 50@5oc. per gallon. Beeswax firm and in good derrand at32@.33c. H. B. & S. feUFFALO. N. Y.. Mar. 16.— The honey mar- ket is getting quite well cleaned up here. We quote: Fancy, 13@14c.; choice, ll@12c.; buckwheat and commoner grades. 7@8o. Ex- tracted is in very light demand here, and we would not advise shipments. B. & Co. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers, Most of whom Quote in this Journal. Chicago, Ills. J. A. LamON, 43 South Water St. R. A. BURNETT & Co.. 163 South Water Strett. New York, N. Y. F. I. Sage & Son, 183 Reade Street. HiLDRETH Bros. & Seqelken, 120 & 122 West Broadway. Chab. Israel & Bros.. 110 Hudson St. I. J. Strinqham, 105 Park Place. Kansas City, mo. C. C. Clemohs & Co., 423 Walnut St. Bnaalo, N. Y. Batterson & Co., 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. CHA8. Dadant & Son. Philadelphia, Pa. Wm. a. Selseb, 10 Vine St. GlnciMnatl, Ohio. C. F, Muth & SON. cor. Freeman & Central ays. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 323 COMB FOUNDATION. Made by Improved Machinery. Get Samples. Here are prices by the pound— just compare. 1 lb. 5 lbs. 10 lbs. 25 lbs. Heavy or 1.4 40„ 41 „ 40^ Medium Brood (**"■ *~°- ^'^- '" Light •• 46 44 43 42 Thin Surplus 52 49 48 47 Extra-Thin Sur. 57 54 53 52 ^B~ If wanted at those prices, send to W.J. Fitich,Jr.,Spriiigfield, 111 The American STI L 19A8 RAW HIVp Latest and Best, ^b Perfectly adapted to Modern Bee Culture. Utostratsd Circalir Free. HAYCK BROS., QUINCY, ILL. Please mention the Bee Journal. Sends Free his Catalogue of 72 illustrated papes; describes Everylliltig Used iu llie Apiary ; Best Goods at Lowest Prices. Delivered to your Railroad at either Chicago, St. Louis ; Atchison. Kans. ; St. Paul, Minn. ; DesMoines, Iowa ; Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and other places. Capacity ^ 1 carload a day. ^'~ Write at once for bis Catalogue. ...^fl 8E8 Please Mention the Bee Journal. , "We can' fill your orders for ^Dovetail Hives^ Sectious, Fonudation^ctc. by RETIIRS ^mail. Have A.I. KoolCo.'s goods at their prices. Will save you frei^lit, and get goods to you in a few days.~ Catalogue Free. JOll.V .\EREL & S0\. Hiffli Hill. !llo. 20Atf Mention the American Bee JournaJ^ EGGS FOR HATCHING ^i^Trif-Tc: and $1.00 per 15. Send for Circular. AUeiTST GOETZE & SON, 14E4 3823 Wood St.. WHEELING, VV. VA. Mention the A.viencan Bee Journal. UHU^ BEE-KEEPERS ! ^HIIOHO -Take .Notice- Before placing your order for Supplies write for my Very Low Prices on O. T. HIVES, SECTIONS. SMOKERS SHIPPING-CASES AND COMB FOUNDATION. Catalogue Free. 18Etf A. W. SWAN, Ceiitralia, Kan. Hunt's Foundation Led all others in theGovernmentexperiments It exceeded the Given by 6!4 f , and all the rest by 24!^. See Sept. Review. 1894. The Largest, Most Comprehensive Catalog of ev- erything needed in the Apiary, Free. Cash for Beeswax, or will make it up in any quan- tity. M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, ifllcli. 4Etf Mention the American Bee Journal Apl LARGEST LINE Made in tlie World. ALL STEEL OR WOOD STEEL LINED. Perpetual & Large Bale, Steam, Horse & Hand Power- Guaranteed the Best- Write for Catalogue. FASOUS SIFG. CO., Chicago, HI. Mention the American Bee JowmaU Dovetailed Hives, Sections, Extractors. Smokers, and everything a Bee - Keeper wants. — Hone!«t Ciioods at 4JIo<. store part of the diseased honey in it, and then the disease would break out again. Where foul-broody colonies are very badly diseased, and weak in bees, the bees will, in the time of a houey-flow, store a quantity of honey in the brood-nest, and a good deal of it right in the cells where the foul-broody matter had dried down and left its stain-mark on the lower side and bottom of the cells. I have found hundreds of colonies in that condition, and I had to see that every colony in all diseased apiaries was perfectly cured or burn them. I also knew that nothing but a thorough cleansing pro- cess would be of any use in curing all the foul-broody apiaries that I would meet with on my rounds through the Province. I told the bee-keepers everywhere to go to work in the honey season and remove the foul combs in the evenings, and put in frames with comb foundation starters ; and at the end of four 326 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 2S, days the bees would have drawn out the starters and stored most of the diseased honey taken with them from the old combs ; and to remove the starters the fourth evening, and give full sheets of comb foundation. By the time the full sheets of foundation were drawn out, the diseased honey would be used up, and then a perfect cure would be made in every case so treated. Then by making wax out of the new combs that were made out of the starters during the four days, and the old foul combs, every thing would be all right with every colony in nice, new combs made out of foundation. I sent some foul-broody combs with honey in, to Dr. Howard, of Fort Worth, Tex. He uncapped the sealed honey, and carefully dipped the honey out of the cells without dis- turbing the cell-walls, and then with a microscope he exam- ined the honey and found the living germs of foul brood in it. Will any man in the world say that if a colony of bees were to rob the combs of the honey that Dr. Howard examined, and then feed it to their larvso, that it would not give them foul brood at once ? Woodburn, Ont., Canada. What Dr. Miller Thinks. Large Hives. — After several years of experiencing the pleasure of handling 8-frame hives, it would seem a hard mat- ter to go back to the 10-frarae hives of previous years. So it gives me a pang of discomfort to read on page 298 a word from Chas. Dadant, " We do not, and in fact cannot, depend upon natural swarming when running for extracted honey with large hives." For bad as unwieldly hives are, swarming is still worse. Time of Extracting. — Dadant says : " When the honey- yield is over." E. France thinks that will not do for some who would have their crop of white honey spoiled by inferior honey before and just after the white harvest. Air for Winter. — I think Dr. Gallup has struck a good point on page 294, where he thinks bees have wintered badly because the hives were too close. I was once surprised to find a man who was very successful in wintering bees in box-hives, and he had each hive on four blocks, so that all winter long there was a space of half an inch under all four sides of his hives. Taking off Honey.— Bro. Abbott says, on page 29-1 : " After the honey is in the supers and capped over, the longer it can be left on the hive the better it will be." I think that's true, if you are after some good honey for your own table without regard to looks. But if you want honey that will bring the most money on the market, then the rule is, "The longer you leave honey on the hive after it is sealed over, the worse it will be." Talking Back.— I think the "Old Reliable" for May 9 has enough " talking back " in it to suit even F.L.Thomp- son. I must confess it makes interesting reading, but I give F. L. notice he better not talk back to me ! Taking off Sections. — Bro. Abbott says, on page 294, that sections are sure to have little holes bitten in the cap- pings when taken any other way than by the use of bee- escapes. Not in this locality. I've taken off thousands of sections without holes in the cappings long before escapes were known. In some cases escapes are good things, but I don't always use them, by any means. Unqdeening Colonies.— Out of respect for the originator of the word. Father Langstroth, I prefer "unqueening" to " dequeening." But whether it be dequeeningor unqueening, I want to say to F. L. Thompson regarding his paragraph on that topic on page 296, that if he often takes a notion to lay aside his usual clear way of putting things to mix up his words so darkly as he has in that paragraph, he may expect to see a number arise and do some vigorous " talking back." Or is it that I'm a little slow to spell out his meaning '? Flat Hive-Covers. — Edwin Bevins has a good cover with that single board and its two heavy cleats, only when a Doard takes a notion to twist— I mean twist, not warp — then a cleat of cast-iron won't stop its making a bad fit. Working Long Hours. — I see trouble brewing between B. Taylor and Rev. E. T. Abbott, on page 301. The form of the first named gentleman certainly doesn't show that his habits lay much fat upon his bones, and I'm with Bro. Abbott in trying to take things as easy as I can. Nevertheless, the man who isn't willing when the busy time arrives to get up at an unseemly season and work over hours, better quit bee- keeping before he ever begins. Tin Separators. — On page 300, H. V. believes that a coating of beeswax will prevent travel-stain of sections. It would be interesting if H. V. would tell us the reason of this, and whether his belief has been established by long observa- tion. Marengo, III. Automatic Swarming — Queries and Comments. BY G. M. DOOLITTLE. A correspondent sent me two or three questions to an- swer, and they proved to be of so much interest to mo that I have concluded to give them to the readers of the American Bee Journal, together with some comments thereon. 1st. "It is well known that when a hive is full of bees, so that they begin to think of ' laying out,' they will crowd into an empty space which may be about the hive, much sooner than they will go on the outside of the hive. Taking advan- tage of this fact, suppose that as soon as the sections are filled with bees, they being well at work, and before the swarming- fever comes upon them, we bore a two or three inch hole in one side of the hive, and on the inside of the same put a piece of queen-excluding metal. Next we will bore a corresponding hole of the same size in an empty hive, cover the same with queen-excluding metal, and set this empty hive right up against the other having the bees in it, so that the holes match, and then put a queen-cell in this empty hive. Now the point I wish to know is, will there not in time be a new swarm of bees in that empty hive ?" That this will work just as outlined above I have my doubts, but I think there may be something in it with some modifications which may be of benefit to the bee-fraternity. From past experience I judge that, did the bees go into the empty hive and care for the cell until it hatched, the queen on going out to meet the drone, would, on her return, enter the wrong hive and be killed, thus spoiling our work. But what is there to hinder placing a comb of honey and one of brood in the empty hive, and then giving the queen-cell? 1 would now warrant the bees from the old hive to go through the qneen-exoluding metal, take care of the brood and cell, and care for the queen just the same as if she were in an isolated hive or nucleus, when in due time she will become fertile and go to filling the combs with eggs. From all of my experience in the past, in rearing queens as given in my book, in having them reared above queen-excluding metal by the thousand, while the old queen was doing her duty below, I am just as sure that this plan would work as if I had tried it and proved the same. 2nd. " By using the plan which I have outlined above, will it not prevent the original colony from swarming ? If so, this will do away with some one to stay at home all the while to watch for swarms during the swarming season, besides proving a bonanza to those having out-apiaries which they wisli to work for comb honey ?" Well, as I said before, I do not think It would work as the .questioner gives it, but by using the suggestions given as I have explained, I see no reason why it should not stop swarm- ing entirely. As soon as the young queen gets to laying, or before the old colony is a very strong one, take more combs of brood from it and put in their places frames of foundation or frames of worker-comb, so they will have no chance to build drone-comb, putting the brood thus taken out over into the hive having the young queen. Sections should now be placed over the part of the new hive where the brood and combs are, so that in no case the bees lack for room to store all the honey there is coming in ; and I would have these sections in every case filled with foundation, so that the bees would have no ex- cuse for any desire to swarm by being loth to build comb. Occasionally, or as often as the out-apiary is visited, move more frames of brood over to the new hive, putting frames filled with foundation in the place of the frames taken out each time until the new hive is full, always putting on sections as the bees seem to require. If I am correct in thinking the above will do away with swarming, we shall have something of great advantage, at least to all those working out-apiarles. 3rd. "Will a colony thus managed store as much honey as they would had they been kept in the old hive, and by some means not allowed to swarm ?" If wo had that " some means" which would allow the bees to work with a will all summer long, with no desire to swarm. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 327 then I should say that they would produce more honey in the original hive, and with only one queen ; but inasmuch as bees are, as a rule, determined to swarm where worked for comb honey, it looks to me as if the above would give more honey than could be obtained either by letting them swarm, or so throwing them out of their normal condition by manipulation so that swarming can be prevented. All cutting of queen-cells, caging of queens, etc., to pro- vent swarming seem to put the colony in an abnormal condi- tion, so that the work that tliey do while so placed seems to be done with a protest ; hence it often happens that the sea- son is mostly consumed by the bees sulking the time away, instead of their working with a will. Such a state of affairs always results in a small crop of honey, and, as a rule, that which we do get is of poor quality. If there is a short-cut route to prevent swarming, and at the same time secure a good yield of a good quality of honey, which can be used at any out-apiary, it will be a great boon to all those wishing to keep bees more than what the home-yard will accommodate. Borodino, N. Y. Facts About Bees and Strawberries. BY KEV. M. MAHIN, D. D. I have nociced in the American Bee Journal some discus- sion between Rev. Emerson T. Abbott and Hon. Eugene Secor on the subject of " Bees and Strawberries," and as we all want " facts " I will give some of the results of my observation on the subject. 1. It is a fact that bees perform A, very important part in the pollenization of the pistils of many plants. Without honey and pollen gathering insects of some kind we would have no melons, cucumbers, pumpkins or squashes. And doubtless the seeding and fruiting of all tlowers visited by the bees are materially helped by them. No well-informed person will call these facts in question. 2. It is a fact that in this region of country honey-bees very rarely touch strawberry blossoms. I have had a straw- berry plantation in close proximity to my bee-hives, and have made frequent and careful observations, and to the best of my recollection I never saw three bees at a time among thu strawberry plants, though the bloom was abundant. It may be that on a different soil, and in different climatic conditions, bees may work on strawberry blossoms, but they do not do it in this part of the country. There are, however, other insects that do visit the strawberry blossoms, and do for them what our bees do for many other flowers. But Apis mellifiea is of no practical advantage to the strawberry grower. This is a fact, and facts ought to be recognized. S. It is a fact that strawberry growers do not plant va- rieties that are exclusively staminate. They would be very foolish to do so. From my boyhood I have been familiar with the fact that there are wild strawberry plants that never bear any fruit, but I have never known them to be cultivated. Bro. Abbott says : " The rows of vines producing stamens only bear no fruit, of course, and are of no value only as fer- tilizers." Why should ground be given to rows of plants which produce no fruit, when such varieties as Gandd, Jessie, Captain Jack, Parker Earl, Wilson, and many others, furnish abundant pollen, and produce very fine crops of berries be- sides ? Bro. Abbott is certainly mistaken in supposing that any exclusively staminate strawberry plants are cultivated. It may not be scientifically correct to designate as staminate those varieties that have ijoth stamens and pistils, but it Is done in all fruit catalogues, and by all writers on fruit-cul- ture. New Castle, Ind. iii. >*• Bee-Keepiag in the Bermuda Island. BY W. K. MORKISON. Myself and bees landed here on Feb. 23, and despite their many hardships were all alive, and soon got down to business. All have heard of these lovely Isles, but definite knowledge is rare. The area of the group is 24 pounds. Great TlmeSaver. Write for Free Circular, giving Directions. Prices, etc. J. C. KNOLiIj, Glenwood, Nebr. 1S~ I own the Nebr, State right tor Alley Drone-Trap. 18A4 When Answering this ADVEims£ME..«T, mention this jourh... SUPPLIES BEES QUEENS LARGE STOCK. LOW PRICES. Catalogue Free. I. J. STRi:VOHAlTI, 105 Park Place. NEW YOKK. N. T. Mention tlie American Bee Journal. McCALLDM STEEL WHEEL WA60NS Hiebest Awards at World'3 Fair. Broadornarrow lires, high or tow wheels to fit any skein. Are climate- proof, weit-'h less, run li^ihter sell faster. Warranted ' for ten jears | Wheels or axles _-- _ ^ made Get catalogue of VllV for Potato Diggers w,l %M wagon cayiJL^in^ * Picker?.' also. ^t^JpL^ makers. Liberal Discounts to Agents or first to pnrchase. McCallum Steel Wheel Wagon Co., Aurora, ni.,U. S. A. 14Aiyt Ple:ise meutioa the Bt^e Journal. 300 Colonies of A i\o. 1 Italian Bees in 8-fr. Dovetailed Hives, for sale CHEIP. Also a Full Line of Apiarian Goods, all new, at living prices. Send tor Catalogue, to— E. T. Planag-an, Box 783. Belleville, Ills. 11A13 lUrntion the American Bee JmimaL COMB FOUNDATION .TIADK CHEAP. 8c. a lb. for Brood and ICc. per lb. for Extra Tliin. when Wax is sent to me; and 1 will guarantee that there is no better made. Price-List and Samples free to all. August Weiss, Hortonville, Wis. 15 AS Mention the American Bee Journal, The American ST RAW HIVI 19AS Latest and Best, ^b Perfectly adapted to Modern Bee Culture. Ulnsttatsd Sircslar Fies. HAYCK BROS.. QUINCY. ILL. Please mention the Bee Journal. STILL IN THE LEAD. HILTOX'S Cliaff Hives. T-Su- pcrs. While Polished Seelions, Foundation, Smokers, and ever- ything needed in the Apiary. —Send for 1895 Catalog— GEO. E.HILTON, FREMONT, MICH. 11A13 Mention tlie American Bee JotamaU 336 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 23. mostly strong in numbers. On the morning of April 7 I carried out SO colonies, it being all I put into the cellar except one, which was ijueeuless last fall. 1 suppose my cellar was too damp and cold, as the hives and combs were somewhat moldy, and a fev< colonies were slightly affected with dysen- tery. All weak colonies, and those that are not right otherwise, it they are worth sav- ing, I unite with other colonies. H. P. Newton. Whitney's Crossing, N. Y.. April 23. Bees and Strawberries Again. I have just read the last article in the Bee Journal on strawberries and bees. I have about '4 of an acre in those berries, and 22 colonies of bees. As there has not been a day since the strawberries com- menced to bloom that the bees did not work most or all the day, I feel sure I should know they'Mrf.s, in this locality; and more especially so this year, as I planted a new bed of the choicest varieties this spring, and have cared for them with the greatest of care; and yet (yes, I will say it) I have not seen one honey-bee on a single straw- berry. I have seen a variety of fleas, and other insects, but no bees. Does that prove they don't work on strawberries? To my mind, not at all; but it does prove that they can find other honey and pollen producing plants that are more to their liking than strawberries. For the last 10 days we have had apricot, pear, crab, plum, cherry, apple, and all the forest trees in full bloom, and that is the reason they could not fly low enough to see the strawberries. Our kind Heavenly Father has so pro- vided things that the' work of fertilization is not left to one class of insects, so when bees fail it is done all the same. Cooksville, 111., May tj. E. B. Ellis. Wintered Finely, Etc. Bees wintered finely in the cellar, and they came out strong. I put my bees in Nov. 12, and put them on the summer stands Feb. 25. They had a good flight, and a few days later they worked on the soft maple, which helped wonderfully in brood-rearing. This is promising to be a fine year for bees so far. Now they are working on gooseberry blossom, which is a good honey-producer. Next is apple-bloom, which makes them hum the more. My bees are partly working in the sections, some colonies having 24 sections two-thirds full from apple blossoms. I say bees are a benefit to fruit and berry blossoms of all kinds. I would not be with- out bees to grow berries and fruit of any kind. I grow berries of all kinds, and also fruit in a small way, and keep bees for pleasure. Geokge F. Yogs. Central City, 111., April 29. Wintered Well in North Dakota, On Nov. Ifl, 1804, we put into the cellar 30 colonies of bees, all in fine coddition, and on April 0 and T we took them all out alive, and all in good condition except one colony. That one is very weak in bees, but has a fine large queen and plenty of honey. We would have put them into the cellar earlier, but delayed in hopes that we would have a warm day so the bees would have a good flight, but it continued cloudy and rather cold. The morning of Nov. 18 the mercury stood at T) degrees below zero, and the morning of the I'Jth (the day they were put into the cellar) at zero. They did not have a good flight after Oct. 15. They were out a little on Oct. 23 and 24, and on Nov. 5. I think the fact of their wintering so well was owing to being so well supplied with honey and bees. They were in one part of the cellar under the dwelling-house, which is divided from the other part by a board partition. The only ventilation they l)uil was from the inside cellar door and through the chimney, which is built from the bot- tom of the cellar up, with a hole for a stove- pipe in the cellar. I had a stove in the eel- " Northern Bred (Jueeiis" Our Northern Bred Gray Carniolans and Golden Italian ftueens Prodxice Hardy Bees that Winter Successfully. We make Queen-Hearing a Spcciallv. We never saw Foul Hrood or Bee-rarul ysis. Don't fall to send lor Onr Free descrip- tive Prlcc-Iilnt. Our Pricss Are A-way nO'WH V. A. liOCKHART A; CO., I'D LAKE GEORGE, N. i.'. MtiitUyn the American Bee Jimmal- For Bee-Hives and Snpplies. Catalogue Free on \pplicatloii. "W. H. PUTNAM, 21A4t RIVEK FALLS, Pierce Co., WIS. ■lleiitio''\ znc American Bee Jcrtma: WoodclifF Queens. I will send a Guaranteed o-Handed Yellow Queen, bred from a Breeder selected from 1000 Queens (some producing over 400 lbs. of honey to the colony); or a 3-Banded llalian Leather-Colored Queen direct from a Breeder imported from Italy Oct. '94— at 75e., and a special low price for a quantity. My secret is to sell an extra-large amount, which enables me to sell at low prices. Will run this spring: 3.'i0 Nuclei— have 1 home aud 4 out apiaries. Itoukins Orders New- will begiu shipping- about May 1st. No Queens superior to my Strain. B^^ Send for Descriptive Catalogue and Testimonials, to Wm. a. Selser, Wyncote, Pa. M&Uicn tlie Atnf,rica,n BeeJ^.'jr^ni. Hfi. fl/^Vli-n 1024 Mississippi St . \J, XlOKlin, St. Paul, ITliun. NoHhwcstern Agent For Tlift A. I. Root Co.'s Apiariiui Supplies Send for I Bees AND QUEENS Price-List ) For Sale. 3 1 A 1 7 >tleru,Um ijic American Be Journal We can fill your orders for Oovelall Hivrs, Ejections, Foiiiidatioll,etc., by liKTL'R\ mail. Have .4. 1. Koot Co.'s ftoods at theii- prices. Will save you fVeljtlil, aud get goods to you in a few days. mm .VCIIEI; St S0.\. Hldi llill. )ln. tiitidujim' Frtt?. 20Atf Menttoti Ote American Bee JoumnJ. COMB FOUNDATION. Made by Improved Machinery. Get Samples. Here are prices by the pound~.1ust compare. 1 lb. 5 lbs. 10 lbs. 25 lbs. "iSmum ''Brood h-«' 40«- ^Sc- 38c. Light '■ 44 4a 41 40 Thin Surplus 50 47 46 45 Extra-Thin Sur. 55 52 51 50 J:^" If wanted at those prices, send to W.J. Finch.Jr., Springfield, 111 When answering this advertisement, mention this journm_ A ;ther. Theresa, Wis., May 1. The Ozark Motintain Region. We are in the Ozark Mountains, about 600 or TOO feet above St. Louis, Mo., and 115 miles south. I have only been here two years, and I think this is one of the best honey-producing countries I have ever seen. First, we have the witch hazel, that begins to bloora about Jan. 15, and blooms until March ; then the soft maple, hard maple, and numerous other trees incltiding the linden. I brought four colonies of Italian bees from Arkansas last year, and lost two of nty queens, so I bad but two colonies left, and I gave them the two queenless colonies, and that made them very strong when the honey season came. They gave me 325 pounds of comb honey, aud I increased to four colonies. I have had but one swarm in five years, that is, a natural swarm. I find artificial swarming the most profitable. I use the Langstroth lO-frame hive, and find it to be small enough here, while the S-frame was large enough in Arkansas. I sow sweet clover for my bees, also Alsike clover and buckwheat about July 13 or 15; the buckwheat sown at that time blooms until frost. J. R. Gibson. Red ford. Mo., May 3. Something' About New Mexico. I have received the following letter from R. S. Beektell, of Bellaire. Slich.. dated March 4, lSii5: I am in the north part of Michigan, near Traverse City. I have 90 colonies of bees. What is the lowest price of bees there in good hives ? or do you know of any for sale cheap in box-hives near you, or south, near Pecos, Tex. ? How cold is it there in win- 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 337 ter ? How much snow and rain in winter and summer ? Does the weather get too hot in summer ? Is it above DO degrees much of the time ? What honey-plants have you besides alfalfa ? Is alfalfa very plentiful ? Does fruit pay well I Is there much danger of frost killing it in the spring f What is the price of land, etc. ; R. S. Becktell. The advantages here, I suppose, are a healthy and good climate, if one would call it such. We have had no rain since last August that would wet a man with'his coat on. We had two snows about 4 inches each. Our rainy season is in July and August of every year. Bees do well here — a sure houey-flow every year, and for about six months straight along. Mesquite is just beginning to bloom, and lasts about two months. Alfalfa will bloom first in May, about the 15th to the 30th. It will be cut every -10 days, if it is handled rightly. They cut it four times, and when in full bloom. I have a world of catclaw for my bees. I have moved from Eddy to Florence, five miles srom a railroad station. This is all of the flrst-elass honey-plants that are worth speaking about. This is a new coun- try, and there is not much fruit here yet. There is one orchard within :! miles of me, 6 years old — about 10 acres, 5 in grapes. The oldest part of the valley is at Roswell. Land is selling from S30 to .t<50 per acre, raw, that is, under the ditches, with a water right. Lowest price for bees is .*5 per colony, with no super on the hive, which has S frames. There are no bees in box-hives that I know of. The elevation here is 3,200 feet above sea level. The warmest days it is 112 degrees in the shade. The air is dry, the wind blows, and it doesn't seem to be warm. The coldest is down to 4 degrees below zero — but not over six nights all last winter, the coldest winter we have had for sometime. These are some of the advan- tages. 1 now will try and tell some of the dis- advantages. This is a prairie country — not a natural tree in 50 miles of here ; so dry and sandy that a man cannot eat, from Feb. 15 to May 15, without eating sand in everything he eats. It is warm here, not hot or not cold. Sometimes it blows all day so you can't see 500 feet for a day at a time. Your hives will blow so full of sand that you will have to pour the sand out the next day so the bees can get out. On the 5th of this month we had one of those sand- storms, and I could not see my hives all day long. The next morning there was ice all over the ditches, and the fruit was in full bloom, and did not kill it, on account of no moisture in the air. On page 240, J, "W. S., of Dayton, Ky., wants to know if we have any sudden changes. Not cold ones, and no hot waves. E.SCOGGIN. Florence, New Max., April 2. 'Wintering' Bees in the Cellar. Last November I placed six colonies in the cellar, in Langstroth hives. I had a room built very snug and tight, using matched boards, and flooring over the bot- tom. Size of room, 12x14. There is a steam-boiler in the cellar used for heating the house, within four feet of the room, so that the thermometer did not vary from 5S degrees all winter, but I had an opening six inches square through the cellar win- dow, which allowed a cold air draft all the time, giving plenty of ventilation. I first placed a super on a bottom-board on the floor of the room, then placed a hive on that, allowing the whole space in the super for ventilation, the opening of course being the same as if the hive was out-of- doors. I then took off the cover, and put on a piece of old cotton cloth, then put on another super to hold the cloth in place — any other arrangement would do as well. In this way I left them no cover on, just the cloth above the bees, and the room dark. April 20 I took them out, and placed them on the summer stands. They came out in splendid condition. I could not see that they moved all winter. They did not come out at all, and there was not a cup full of dead bees left in all the bottoms after the hives were removed. Now in all the accounts I have read, it was stated that from 40 to 45 degrees was the proper temperature, but nothing could be better than the way my bees came out, and apparently they consumed very little of their stores, as the hives were very heavy ; indeed. I could not see but they were as heavy as when put into the cellar. O. E. DOCGLASS. Lewiston, Maine, April 22. Bee-Keeping in Central Missouri. Bees are a great deal scarcer here than they were a few years ago, but those left are being managed in a way that better results are being realized. The box-hives and log- gums of long ago have almost disappeared with the "king bee" and other supersti- tious notions. lu their stead we have modern hives, smokers, honey-extractors, Italian queens, bee books and papers. The prospect for a honey crop, at this writing, is very good. Bees have built up very fast since about March 25, the best colonies overflowing with young bees. The weather has been dry and warm. Bees be- gan work on apricot bloom about April 1 ; also on willow, elm and maple, in the order named, and now they are just roaring on plum, peach, pear, cherry, apple, goose- berry and currants. As I write, I can see the bees are busy, going to and coming from the hundreds of trees that now are clothed in robes of spotless white. I had 16 colonies last year, which gave me a surplus of from 24 to 62 one-pound sections per colony, and from present indi- cations they will do better this year. The American Bee Journal comes to me regularly, and is one of my most valued friends. I read it carefully, editorials, cor- respondence, advertisements and all. John W. Beattt. Excelsior Springs, Mo., April 20. Hea-^^ Loss in the Cellar. I put 65 colonies into my cellar, last fall, in good conditiou. About two weeks after I put them in, they commenced getting un- easy, and all but two colonies left their hives, and fell on the floor. I have two colonies left. Mark D. Judkins. Osakis, Minn.. May 10. A Correction — Heavy Fruit-Bloom. I wish to correct an error in my article on hive-construction, on page 296. The length of end-bar as there given was 11'4 inches. It should read dl inches. Before I bad read Mr. Chas. Dadant's article de- scribing the Dadaut-Blatt hive, and recom- mending a modification of it so as to use lumber 12 inches in width for the brood- chamber, I bad made several brood-cham- bers of that depth, and had decided to make mine all of that depth- hereafter, for the reason that he mentions, viz. ; the ease of getting lumber of the right width. W. C. Frazier objects to these deeper frames on account of the greater liability of the combs to melt and break down in hot weather. I have not learned that the users of the Quiuby frames, which are deeper still, have any trouble on that account. Fruit-bloom was very abundant here the first days of May. and the weather warm and pleasant, with an abnndance of mois- ture. My bees came through the winter in perfect conditiou, and colonies are all strong. I put supers on some of the strong- est to discourage swarming, but in spite of the precaution I had a swarm issue the morning of the tith. The weather has turned cold, and 1 reckon that I shall have to feed that swarm. Edwin Bevins. Leon, Iowa, May 11. Bee-Keeplna: (or ProBt, by Dr. G. L. Tinker.— Revised ami enlarged. It details the au- thor's " new system, or how to get the largest yields of comber extracted honey." 80 p.; illustrated. 25c. Honey k Beeswax Market Quotations. CHICAGO. iLt,., Apr. 18.— The supoly of comb honey is very Ught and looks as thousrh all would be sold, unless it be some California that Is being spread upon the street. Best white comb brings 14c.; dark, S@10c. Ex traded, 5!4@Tc., according to quality, body, flavor and package. Beeswax, a8@30c. R. A. B. & Co. KANSAS CITY, Mo.. May 8.— The demand for comb honey is light. We quote: No. I white 1-lbs.. 1.5@1 4c. ; No. 2, I2@l3c.: No. 1 amber, ll@12e. ; No. 2, lOo. Extracted. 5 ^@7c. Beeswax, 25c, C. C. C. & Co. CINCINNATI, 0.,May 11.— Demand is quiet for comb honey at 12@16c. for best white, and quiet for extracted at 4@7c. Beeswax is in good demand at 2.5®.'ilc. for good to choice yellow. C. F. M. & S. CHICAGO. li,L., Mar. 18.— Demand is good for all grades of honey e.xcepting dark comb. We quote: Fancy comb, loc. ; No. 1, 14c. Ex- tracted. 5@6 14c. J. A. Ii. PHILADELPHIA, Pa., May 18. — Comb honey is in poor demand. Large stores are now waiting for the new crop. Extracted is in fall- demand. Beeswa.x has declined some, but good sales keep market from being over- stocked. We quote: Comb honey. 9c. Ex- tracted, 4 J-^iaec. Beeswax. 29@:i0c. W. A.S. NEW YORK. N. Y., May 6.— The market for comb honey is over. We cleaned out all of our stock of white but have some buckwheat yet on hand. Market on extracted is quiet, with sufficient supply to meet the demand. Wequote: White comb, ll@12c.; dark, 8@9c. Extracted, white. 5>4@6c.', Southern. 50@55c. per gallon. Beeswax firm and in good deirand at32@33c. H. B. &S. CouTentJon l^otices. Ontario.— The midsummer meeting of the Russell County Bee-Keepers' Association will be held on May 29, 1895. at the apiary of A. Edwards, Rockland. Out. All interested in the production of honey are cordially invited, to attend. W. J. BitowN. Sec. Chard, Ont. Kansas.— There will be a meeting of the Southeastern Kansas Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion, to be held in the city of Ft. Scott, on Thursday, Juue 6. 1895, Evetyboly is in- vited and all bee-keepars are urged to come. Bronson. Kans. J. C. Balch, Sec. RUDY'S PILE SUPPOSITORY Is guaranteed to cure Piles and Constipation, or money refunded. 50 cents per box. Send two stamps for circular and free Sample to MAKTIN RUDY. Registered Pharmacist, Lan- caster, Pa. No Postals Answered. For sale b.v all first-class druggists everywhere. Peter Van Schaaek & Sons. Robt. Stevenson & Co.. Morrison. Plummer & Co.. and Lord. Owen & Co., Wholesale Agents, Chicago. Ills. Please mention the Bee Journal. Novlo List of lloney and Beeswax Dealers, Most of whom Quote In this Journal. Cblcago, Ills. J. A. Lamon, 43 South Water St. K. A. Burnett & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New Vork, N. V. F. I. Sage & Son, 183 Reade Street. HiLDRETH Bros. &Segelken. 120 & 1-22 West Broadway. Cbas. ISR.AEL & Bros.. 110 Hudson St. I. J. Stringham. 105 Park Place. Kansas City, Iflo. C. C. Clemoms & Co., 423 Walnut St. BuSalo, N. V. Batterson & Co., 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Cbas. Dadant & Son. Plilladelplika, Pa. Wm. a. Selsei!, 10 'Vine St. Cincinnati, Otaio. C. F. Mute & Son, cor. Freeman & Central ays. 338 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 23, Largest Factory iu the West. -COMPLETE ^TOCK.- Good Supplies and Low Prices— Our Motto. We are here to serve you, and will, if .vou g-ive us a chance. Catalogne Frpe. Address. Mention this Journal. LEAHY MANUFACTURING CO.. HiGGINSVILLE, Mo. ^J?, California If you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers, Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— • The Pacific Rural Press The leading" Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated, $2.40 per annum. Sample Cop3' Free. PACIFIC RURAL PRESS, 220 Market St., - SAN FRANCISCO. CAL. FOUNDATION Is way up, and it will pay you to look around. AVorking AVax Into Foiiudation by the lb. a Speclalt}'. Beeswax wanted at all times. I pay the highest price, and sell Foundation at a low margin. Send lor Samples and Prices, to— GUS OITTITIER, AUGUSTA. WIS. Reference— Augusta Bank. 16Atf APIARIAN SUPPLIES I^f^at°e?r=B^l Keeper "—how to manage bees, etc.— 25 eta. The"* Model Coop." for hen and her brood Wyandotte, Laug-shan and Leghorn Eggs for hatching. Cat. free, but state what vou want J. W. KOUSE & CO. , Mexico, Mo. A. WORD TO THE WISE I will pay the Freight on Cash Orders of $20 or over at Catalogue rates, if within 300 miles of Chicago. —My Illustrated Catalogue— of Bee-Keepers* Supplies FREK. Thos. G. flfewman, ^^''^i^il^^lTii.^r- GOOD GOODS are always in demand. LOW PRICES ?''®.'^PP^'=."'t<^^ in these times. P K \J IVl \r\ ObRVIC^isa necessity to business. Wc Combine All Tlirce. ^^ Write for free Catalogue and Price-List. G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis, S^^ Be sure to mention the American Bee Journal when you write. ..^i PATENT WIRED COMB FODKDATIOB Has No Sag iu Brood-Fraiueii Tliiu Flat-Kottoni Foundation Has No Fisti)iont> in the Surplus Honey. BelnK the cleanest ie uBually worked the quickest of any Koundatlon made J. VAN DEIJSEN &l SONS, 8ote Manufacturers, Sprout Brook MootKomory Co., N. Y. BEGINNERS. Beginners should have a copy of the Amateur Bee-Kccper, a 70-page book by Prof. J. W. Kousc. Price 25 cents; if sent by mail. 28c. The little book and the Progressive Hec-Keeper (a live, pro- gressive 28-page monthly journal) one year, 65o. Address any first-class dealer, or LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo. THE PLACE To get your QUEENS aud KEES. Untes- ted Queens— Carniolans. 3-Bands and 5-Bands —$1.00 each;6 for S.5.00; or*9.00 per dozen Tested — 3-Band8, 11.30; 5-Bands. $i.50 each; Carniolans. $3.00 each. Fine Breeders, eith er race. J.5.00 each. Bees by the Pound. $1.00 10 or more, 90c. each. Nuclei, $1.00 a Frame . 10 frames, 90c.— made to suit any hive. You can have any of the Queens, as above, at their price extra to go with Nuclei, Send tor Free Catalogue that tells all about Queen-Kearing, Also ask for a sample copy of the new bee-jourual. first Issue out May the 1st, We are determined to give you a .iournal second to none, and at the end of a year if you are not well paid for the $1,00 I will gladly return your monej', .Look for something rare and Interesting In "The Southland Queen," A Bee-Hive Fa<'lory running every day. THE JENNIE ATCHLEY CO. ISAtf BBEVILLB, Bee Co., TEXAS. Doctor^s Y^\r)\s By DR. FlilliO, C/jicag-o, 111. 100 State Street. Don't be " Round-Sboaldered." So many people are round-shouldered." This is a deformity resulting from careless habits. By contracting the lungs it often leads to serious results. Boys and girls should be early taught to avoid this danger. The following is the most effective and easy way: The youngster should be taught to walk straight, and always to hold the little fingers to the side-seams of his trowers, the palm of the hand outward. In this manner the chest is thrown forward and the shoul- ders back. This is a radical preventive and cure if persisted in. Snn-Balliins: tlie Baby. Teething babies are invariably benefited by prolonged sun-baths given every day. The little one should be held, naked, at the sunniest window in the house. Don't be afraid to tan or sunburn it. Much good if it does. It will express its pleasure by sundry crows, and wiggling of toes, and sleeping soundly when in his crib. Heartlessness. I quite agree with you, dear Lucy— only cowards enjoy the suffering of any of God's creatures. The boy who is mean enough to throw the stone that broke your doggie's leg would not hesitate to kill birds or stick pins into some smaller, helpless boy. Shame on such heartlessness ! Eat and Don't Worry. "Appendicitis?" Refers to a difficulty of a small portion of the bowel— as likely to become inflamed and dangerous as that lightning will bit you. Keep right on eat- ing everything as usual, and don't worry. Apples— Nature's Remedy. Apples are one of Nature's best remedies. Their peculiar (malic) acid, and the large supply of phosphorous they contain exactly suit them to human requirements. If baked they should be pealed and cored. The skin dried in baking is indigestible. _-_ "' " ~~ ' -_^ _^_ ""' ■ ~ " — " ■ ""' , U4~ — , , r- 1 - ''\-'~-rz — ■ — * — —J H " ::;;; 1 — . — ^-^ — - — . — . - ; H=~ — . =:: '■=: ~ =2 =^ : «J 8s55«^ ^^mi te ^^ ^ @ fe 5S fe si h FIRST on the FARM, FIRST on the RAILROAD, FIRST around PARKS and CEMETERIES. Nol ourword for it, but that f)f onr ri'irular custom srs. llrsl-oJass ranners, wiio pride themselves on having the best nnd whose motto is '"what is worth doinji at all is worth doinj: well," and firss-class railroads that seek protection Tor risUt ol' way, ratlier llian "anythini; to romply with llie law.'* The Park VommissioniT.s. Oemetery l>i rectors and owners of Game Parks who have tested it will vote for it first, last and all the time. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO.,Adrlan,Mich. Mention Vie A.mcrlcan Dee Journal. A Binder for holding a year's num- bers of the Bee Journal we mail for only 75 cents ; or clubbed wltb the JouBNAL for $1.60, 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 339 DEATH til Potato Bugs, Currant Worm, ( abbage Worm, Codlin Moth, Green Aphis, Kose Sliijis and all kinds of i)lant lice BY USING THE k^ ^m SPRAM- Waters your flowers and plants, saves time, saves the flowers, saves the fruit and makes you money. Our book on Fruit Machinery, Sprayers, Pumps, Cider Presses, &c Sent Free. Every gardener and fruit grower in the country should have it. Write at once to DAVIS-JOHNSON CO. 45 Jac>.:cn St , CHICAGO, ILLS. ] 5 1 ) 1 ;! Mentio7i the Amtfrican Bee Joi'niaL Orange-Blossom, Alfalfa or Sage For Sale Ctieap. loDtt C. \V. Dayton, Florence, Calif. Mention the American Bee Journal- Write to Win. H. Bright— For prices on ail Improved Bee-Fixtures — Hives, Sections, Comb Founda- tion, Brooil-Franies, Extractors, etc., At Bottom Prices. Colden Italian Queens *'rrer^?ice-List. AVm. H. Bright, lUazeppa, !Tlinn, 19Dtt Please mention the Bee Journal. ONE MAN wrTH THE UNION c°"i;,':;^'°'^ Can do the work of lour men using: hand tools, in Kipping. Cutting-off, Mi- tring-, Rabbeting, Groov- ing. Gaining. Dadoing, Edging-up. Jointing Stuff, etc. Full Line of Foot and Hand Power Machinery. Sold on Trial. Cilalo^ae Free. SENECA FAI^l4S ITIFO. CO., 46 Water St., SENECA FALLS. N. T '2oDl'2 Mention the Amen'mn Bee Journal. E.L.Kincaid's Ad Notice to Boe-Keepers 6l Dealers. I have one of the Largest and Best Equipped Factories in the West devoted entirely to the Ht?i"nrsecnred Bec-Kecpers' Supplies. the right to manufacture the Iiiiproveiliape vs. Size. Query 972.— 1. Will just as much brood be produced in a given time in a brood-cham- ber consisting- of fn'O apartments, one over the otljer. as in a single brood-chamber of the same depth ? 2. What influence has the shape of the brood-chamber, as distinguished from its size, on the amount of brood produced in spring ?— Hive-Buyer. J. JI. Hambaugh— 1. I think not. 2. I don't know. Prof. A. J. Cook— 1. I think so. 2. Not much, if any. Mrs. L. Harrison — 1. Idon'tknow. 2. I never experimentGd on that line. Chas. Dadant & Son— 1. No. 2. The nearer square it is the more convenient it is for the queen. Eu,g(;ne Secor — 1. I think so. I am using both, and ob.'serve no difference. 2. Practically, very little, 1 think. \V. G. Larrabee — 1. I have never used a brood-chamber with two apartments. 2. I don't believe I can answer that. B.Taylor — 1. I do not know. I have thought so, but I am not certain. 2. I believe a square hive has the advantage. P. H. Elwood— 1. No. 2. More brood will be reared in a brood chamber that allows the cluster to assume its natural shape. Dr. J. P. H. Brown— 1. I think the advantage would be on the side of a sin- gle brood-chamber. 2. It has very little, if any. C. 11. Dibbern — 1. I do not see what could make any differtnce. 2. I do not think that the shape of the hive has much to do with it. H. D. Cutting — 1. I would prefer a single brood-chamber. 2. The locality and method adopted has more to do with it than the size of hive. Rev. Emerson T. Abbott — 1. I do not know. I want only o?ie apartment to my brood-chambers. 2. None whatever. Plenty of bees and honey are what make brood. E. France — 1. Yes. 2. An 8-frame size Langstroth brood-chamber, two stories, is good. The same amount of room spread out two inches deep would be a poor arrangement. Jas. A. Stone— 1. No. 2. In the spring it often occurs that all the warmth is needed to encourage thequeen in laying, and if you divide the space, you divide the heat, which would mostly be in the top. G. M. Doolittle — 1. My experience says no. 2. Bees best economize heat for brood-rearing where they can cluster In the form of a sphere, and the hive that allows them to thus cluster In early spring will give the most brood. Rev. M. Mahin— 1. Something depends upon the connection between the two apartments. If they are closely con- nected I do not see that any less brood would be produced. 2. Very little, pro- vided the chamber is not very shallow. R. L. Taylor — 1. Two apartments would not work well. If you mean a horizontally divisible brood-chamber I would say yes. 2. Very little, I think, within the limits of the difference In shape among the hives used to any ex- tent. J. E. Pond — 1. I think the single brood-chamber would produce more brood than a split hive. 2. This is a mooted question, and one on which there are many opinions. My preference is for the regular Simpllcity-Langstroth hive, for many reasons. Dr. C. C. Miller— 1. I don't know. I shouldn't expect much difference. 2. Size will have something to do with it. If so small that the bees are crowded. It makes little difference about shape. If abundance of room, then the shape that comes nearest a natural cluster. Wm. M. Barnum — I have always found a single Langstroth brood-chamber amply sufficient for all purposes. The plan mentioned will be found unprofit- able. A single brood-chamber Is enough and to spare, If the outside combs are judiciously worked over into the center as occasion requires. Allen Pringle — 1. That would depend upon circumstances. In a good honey- flow and high temperature there might be just as much produced, while In the reverse conditions I think the less would be produced. 2. That shape which tends more to the conservation of the heat and the convenience of the queen and workers. Therefore, the compact or concentric shape is best. G. W. Demaree^l. In the early sprlug- the double brood-chamber is at its worst, for rapid gain In brood-rearing; but later, when the weather becomes uni- formly warm, there is not much differ- ence. Aside from this, there Is too much fusfi attached to the double brood-cham- ber to be practicable. 2. A beginner will soon discover that he wants a hive for other purposes as well as for rearing brood. Globe Bee V^lL By Mail for One Dollar. Five cross-bars are rlvited la the Ventre at the lop. These bend down f and button to studs on a neck-band. The bars are best light spring steel. The neck-band is hard spring brass. The netting is white with face-piece vt black to see thraugh. It is easily put together and folds inupactly in a case, 1x6x7 lochea. -the whole weighing but 5 ounces. It can be worn over an ordinary bat; fits any head; does not obstruct the vlsiou. and can be worn 1 n bed: without discomfort. It Is a boon to any one whoir flies bother, mosqultos bite, or bees sting. pjjT" This Veil we club with the Bee Journal for one year— both for$1.75; or give free asa Premium for sending us 3 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at Ji.OO each. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. Comb Foiindatidn. J,o'u^^irof c11ofe'e"wa1 which I will sell made up into Medium Brood and Thin Surplus Foundation at 40c. and .50c. per pound respectivel.v untii aU is ordered. Order at once if wanted. J. J. ANGIS. 18.4.-1 PLYMOUTH. WIS. Mention the American Bee Journal OC tills Jonrnal -cvlio iwTlte to any of oni advertisers, eitlier Id ordering, or asking about the Goods offered, will please state tliat tliey saiv the Advertisement in tliis paper. READERS 340 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 23, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! It is always economy to buy the best, espe- oially when the liest cost no more thiiu something: not half so good. OUR FAL- CON SECTIONS are acknowledged to be superior to any on the market. The same is alsotrueot our HIVES and BEE- KEEPERS' St'I'PLIES, ot which we make all moilerii styles. OCR PRICES will be found as low as those of any of our competitors, and iu many cases low- er, and you are always sure of getting first-cluss goods. We alpo publish THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER, a monthly magazine (Fiftii year) at 50c. a year, in- valuable to beginners. Large illustrated catalogue and price-list free. Address, THEW.T.FAICOMMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. ^r* W. ITI. «erri«Ii. of East Nottliis- liani, N. H., is our Eastern agent. New England customers may save freight by pur- chasing of him. GOLDEN QUEENS From Texas. "iS'&XS.S as well as for Keniity ;ind GentleiieMtii. ^^" Safe arrival and reasonable satisfac- tion guarauteed. Write for Price-List. Uiitest&d, ^l.OO— Tested, ^1.50. XjISBOItT, Box :i TBSS:. J. D. GIVENS, 10A^!6 Mention the American Bee Journal. I AEISE rpo SAV 10 the readers 1 of the BEE JOURNALthat has concluded to eel! -BEBS and QUEENS— In tbeir season, during 1895, at thefollowins prices : One Colony of Italians on 9 Gallup frames, in light shipping-box $7 00 Kive Colonies 30 00 Ten Colonies 50 00 1 untested queen. 1 00 6 " queens 5 50 12 •' " 10 00 1 tested Queen... $] 5u 3 " Queens . 4 (XJ 1 select tested queen 2 00 3 *' " Queens 5 oc Select tested queen, previous season's rearing . 4 00 Kitra Selected for breeding, the vert best. . 6O0 About a Pound of BKKS in a Two-frame Nucleua. with any Queen, f2.(X) extra. B^ Circular free, giving full particulars regarc*- Ing the Bees and each class of Queens. Address G. M. DGOLITTLE, 12 A '351 BORODINO, Onon. Co., N. Y. MUTH'S BONXT EXTRACTOB PERFECTION Cold-Blast SmukerMt Etc. Square Glass Honey Jars. For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son. Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O. Send lUr for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers, Mention the A.merican Dee JcnuiwL -SOUTHERN"^ Home of the Hojiey-Bee Wliere you can buy (liieeijs, as good as the best— Warranted Purely Mated, and guaran- teed free from Paralysis. From either an Im- ported or a Straght .i-lj. or Golden Mother— 75 cents each; 12 for $7.50. Tested, $1.00 each; 12for$0.00. After Juno 1st, 50 cents each; 13 for $4.00; Tested, 75 cents each, 12, $7.50. Good Breeders. $2.00 each; Straight 5-B. or •* Faultless " Queens, $2.50 each. Bees. 75c. per lb. Circular Free. Address, HUFSTEDLER BROS. 10A2B CLARKSVILLE, TEX. Mention, the ^American Uee Jourtiau Abbott's Space. My hives came through in four days. I am well pleased with thein I have shown the hives to quite a number ot the bee-men here in the county, and they all like them. I could have sold all of mine, if I had been disposed to do so I shall talk your hive up all that I can, and shall order some more," — WiCKLiPFE, Kt., May 6, 1895. |^~ Write tor Circular. EinersQn T. Abbott, ST. JOSEPH, MO. The " St. Joe" Hive. Hill Bee-Feeders. We have a few of the HUl Bee-Feeders on hand, which we mail, prepaid, 2 for 40c. i Or 12 by express for $1,50 —6 for 80c. We will send 2 postpaid with the Bee Journal for a .year, for $1.25, or give two Feeders as a Premium lor sending us One New Sub- scriber to the Bee Journal, with $1.00. GEORGE W. TOBK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. Your Beeswax Exchanged UNTIL FITRTHEK NOTICE, we will allow SO cents per pound for Good Yel- low Beeswax, delivered at our otlice- in ex- cliaiis;efor Subscription to the Bee Jottrnal. for Books, or anything that we offer for sale in the Bee Jouhnal. In thus exchanging, we cannot afford to allow any Club Rate prices. Always ship the Wax by Express, and pre- pay the charges; also put your name and address on the package to avoid mistakes. GEORGE W. YORK & CO.. - CHICAGO, ILLS. ^^^^^ Seventeen Years Ago «*« Dadant's Foundation Was first offered for sale. The following parties keep it in stock and have kept it for years for sale. Why ? Because they want to handle only the best soods, and they say they get the best goods when they buy Dadant's Foundation. Thomas Q. Newman, Chicago, Ills. C. F. Muth & Son. (Mnclnnati. Ohio Chas. H. Green, Waukesha, Wis. Chas. Hertel, Freeburg, Ills. B. Kretchmer. Red Oak, Iowa. Jos. Nysewander, Des Moines. Iowa. G. B. Lewis Co.. Watertown, Wis. James Reynolds Elevator Co., PouRhkeepsie. N Y. Page & I,*yon. New London, Wis. La. Bee-Keepers' Supply Co., Donaldsonville, La. E. F. Quigley, UnionvlUe, Mo. [ G. K. Hubbard, Fort Wayne. Ind. L. Hanssen, Davenport. Iowa. C. Theilmann, Theiimanion, Minn. B. C. Eagleafield, Berlin. Wis. Walter 8. Ponder. Indianapolis, Ind E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph, Mo. J. M. Jenkins. Wetumpka, Alabama John Key, East Saginaw, Mich. J. W. Bittenbender, Knoxville. Iowa. Vickerv Bros., Evansvilje, Ind. Mrs. Jennie Atchley. Beeville. Texas. Is not such a steady trade a proof of real merit in the j?oods we sell '? We also make a specialty of Veils and Veil Stuffy of best quality. Beeswax Wanted at All Times. .^-.-^ Bee-keepers' Supplies, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails, etc. Samples of Foun- dation and Tulle FREE vs'lth circular. Instructions to beginners with circular. »Send us your address. CHAS. DADANT & SON, MevtiontheAmtncanBeeJimmai. HAMILTON, Hancock Co., HiIi. OUR SIX GREAT LEADERS They arc All Superb in woRKMSinr iind MATERIAL. / ROOT'S POLISHED SECTIONS. ROOTS DOVETAILED HIVES. COWAN EXTRACTORS. CRANE AND CLARK SMOKERS. ROOT'S FOUNDATION. \ GLEANINGS IN BEE-CULTURE. Thirty-six-page Catiilog free, telling all about these and our other Goods. Address, Me^Mon the American Bee Journal. Tlic A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, O. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT $1.00 PER ANNUM, 35tli Year. CHIC AGO, ILL., MAY 30, 1895. No. 22. Tlie Iliini of tlie Uees in Spring BY P. D. WALLACE. There is nothing so dear To the bee-keeper's ear As the hum of the bees in the spring, As they come forth at dawn, From their hives in the lawn, And their songs of industry sing. They fly over vales, Over hills and o'er dales. And work through the sun shining hours; They cull and collect, From each blossom perfect. The delicious nectar of flowers; And they store it away For a cold, rainy day, In curious, hexagonal cells — Not round, nor yet square — You may think that is queer — They are like little, beautiful wells. With the cells they make combs, In their sweet little homes. That are pure and as white as the snow ; And seal them up tight, To exclude air and light. And finish them all as they go. No artist can hope, For ever to cope With this cute little artist, the bee ; For her work is so good, And the sweetest of food. And a beautiful picture to see. It is a surprise To both palate and eyes. And there's little doubt that she can Make an artistic view. That is perfect and true. That delights the fine senses of man. Now let this suffice — It's exquisitely nice — The extract of gay golden-rods, And other sweet flowers. Fresh from the showers — It is fit for the fairies and gods. McGrew, Wis. Xlie Kliie and tUe Giray. When Should the Nation Forget? Almeda E. Wight. :^==f^ Copyright, 1895, bv Robl. C. Marquis. -zg^-* d= RoET. C. Marquis » ■! •^— ^^S -J--, ei3=i Ob, when should the na - tion for - get The val - or - ous deeds of lier sons? If mor - tal, when men-aced by death, Stands trem-bling be - fore the dread foe, As long as a drop of life's wine In veins of the na - tion re - main, mm. ^^^ ^—r»- *-=-]-• m » s ^ m—r^-'—p—i ^ U* i r^^ =ps==t =t= ■i^-B« — m — m — ■• — jM=Mi:M. :*: fe^=5 -j-J^— f — ^— ^— ^— *— ,-^— ^ ^S? Oh, when should she cea.se to re-gret The price thro' which vie- try was won? And friend - ly form, com-ing be-tween, Re - ceiv -eth death's ter - ri - ble blow. Re-mem-brance should brighten the tombs, Where the forms of her mar-tyrs were lain. »^-»-r^ ^ ^ • «- ~ M -t^'-V- ^=tc :t=t ^ ** isi i^ :?=•- :i^=^ :«- '^^^ The years are fast fly - ing a - way, As ev - er the If ev - er that mor - tal for - gets, Or ceas - es to May she show by her trib - ute of flow'rs, Tho' years in - to fe^: IS::k3^=tz==t2=t^=t2=t2: i^ years have done; rev-'rence his name, a - ges should run. fc^^ :^=i^i: ::f^=^ Ah, when 'In - grat The .na ^^3* J^->- 3i=^— ^— W= I - ' - - I h 9 '^ <^ I ^i should the na - tion for - get The val - or - ous deeds of her sous? - i- tude base," we would say, "De - serv - ing of in - fi - nite shame." tion cau uev - er for - get The val - or - ous deeds of her sous! tr U 1 1 F— 2 f^ 2t=tfc PFs;=^» :ftvS(t_ -^ ^ -|g: ^^^=^ it2=t?=t2: Sii-S: Chorus. -&m :ts=^ >-^- =5=^5=*=? -5 — • — ^i: — •> — ■• Then cov - er them o - ver with flow'rs, Those no - ble de - fend -ers of onrs; Scatter your flowers alike to-day. Over the graves of the blue and gray. Time has healed all the Nation's scars. Peace has hushed all the noise of wars, And North and South, and East and West. There beats but one heart in the Nation's breast; The grass is green, and the flowers bloom Alike upon soldier and sailor's tomb ; So scatter your flowers alike to-day. Over the graves of the blue and gray. We'll bur - y them deep 'neath the bow'ts, Those broth-ers and sons of ours. -^^-Z. ^ 5zfc:|c -^ :jg— p— k: --r=^ >— ^ «^^ I 1 342 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 30, Corjtributed /V^icles* On ImjiOTtatit Apiarian SutyJ&ots, Do Bees Work on Strawberry Blossoms ? BV HON. EUGENE SECOK. In an essay read by me at the annual meeting of the Iowa State Horticultural Society last winter, I stated that " Bees seldom work on strawberry blossoms." In the American Bee Journal of March 21, ex-President Abbott disputes my statement. He advanced some specious arguments to prove that I am mistaken, and says, "The strawberry yields both nectar and pollen ;" and, again, " it has been my observation that bees do visit strawberries in abundance." I replied to this in the American Bee Journal of April 11, and in closing called on bee-keepers and others who had made observations along this line to give us the facts. I was, and am, willing to submit this question to a competent jury of bee-keepers and horticulturists. I never had any desire to prove that bees do not pollenize strawberry blossoms. But while waiting for the evidence to come in, Mr. Abbott, in the American Bee Journal of May 2, labors by specious and ex-parte statements to break the force of my arguments. If the strawberry growers in this country will read his last reply to me on page 283, I think they will conclude that if he doesn't know any more concerning the subject in hand than he does about strawberries in general, he is not a safe adviser. He may out-talk the farmers in a Missouri Farmers' Institute, but let him come before the Horticultural Societies of Iowa and make the statement which he does by inference — that the so-called staminate varieties bear no fruit — and he would be laughed at for his ignorance. When I said " perfect flowering kinds," I meant precisely that. I would like to have Mr. Abbott name some of the varieties that produce "stamens only," and therefore "bear no fruit." Will he name the old and familiar Wilson, or Capt. Jack, or Jessie, or Beder Wood, or Parker Earl, or Gov. Hoard, or any of the other sorts sent out as fertilizers to the pistillate varieties ? Certainly not, because they do all bear fruit. I would like to have him name one variety used as a fertilizer that has stamens only. It will be news to some of us to learn that the rows planted for fertilizing the main crop do not bear fruit, as he intimates. But this is all outside of the question before us. I asked for the facts, not for more theories. We have had quite too many theories already. I would like to know that bees do work on strawberry blossoms, and thereby aid in the pollina- tion. Since Mr. Abbott has so persistently refused to believe, I have taken a little pains to get the testimony of some of my friends whom I happened to know were both bee-keepers and strawberry growers, and men of trained habits of observation. They replied to my questions at once, and in a manner which I think will carry more weight than columns of specious pleadings. The first letter is from William Kimble, of DeWitt, Iowa, who raises strawberries by the acre and honey by the ton, and reads thus : " Your favor of May 6 is received, and w reply I will say that I have been growing strawberries for ten years. I have also had from 100 to 150 colonies of bees all the time, and have watched carefully for bees on the flowers. It is a fact bees seldom ever touch a strawberry blossom. I have three acres in full bloom now, and I haven't seen a single bee on them this year. I have seen a stray bee on strawberry blos- soms only one year that I recollect, since I have been in the fruit business, and it is a fact that they never work on them. I wish they did. I have studied the pollen theory, and I as- sure you I appreciate the benefit bees are in carrying pollen from one blossom to another. It has to get there, or there is no fruit. William Kimble." The next letter is from W. S. Fultz, of Muscatine, Iowa, one of the most careful observers I am acquainted with. He writes as follows : " Yours of yesterday is at hand, making inquiry as to how long a time I have been growing strawberries, and to what extent I have observed bees working on them when in bloom. " I usually have three acres of strawberries, and aim to keep about 30 colonies of bees. At the present writing I have three acres of strawberries and 28 colonies of bees in first- class condition. My strawberries are now in bloom, and pre- sent a lovely sight, and give promise of a bountiful crop. " As you are well aware, I have for the past ten years, or longer, been making a special study of insect-fertilization of fruit-bloom, and, in this connection, I have taken particular notice of the bees that worked on the strawberries while in bloom, and have never seen but very few bees working on strawberry blossoms, and those few had a very solitary ap- pearance; and it always seemed from their actions that they were hunting for something that could not be found. This year I have taken unusual care in watching the strawberries while in bloom, and I am satisfied that there is not at any one time an average of one bee to 10,000 blossoms ; and that my entire three acres would not furnish enough honey to keep a nucleus of one pint of bees alive for one week, if they had no other supplies than what is furnished by the strawberry bloom. "At the present time the bees are working on the oaks. The black oaks in my door yard are in bloom, and the bees are faivly roaring on them. In my 22 years' experience in raising strawberries I have never known them to get up the smallest attempt at a roar on the strawberries when in bloom. W. S. Fultz." The next is G. M. Doolittle, of Borodino, N. Y. He needs no introduction, and no certificate of character and qualifica- tions from me. He says : "You are quite right about bees not working to any amount on strawberry blossoms. It must be a time of ex- treme scarcity to work on either strawberry or blackberry blossoms. I have raised strawberries for the past 18 years, and only in two years out of that time have I seen bees on the blossoms — to say they were at work on them. Of course, now and then a bee will hover over the bed in all years, alight down, run over a blossom or two and go off; but this is no more than they do on white daisies, etc., which never yield honey. I was told 20 years ago that bees did work largely on strawberry bloom, but, like you, years of experience and watching say no. G. M. Doolittle." Dr. C. C. Miller, of Marengo, 111., says in Gleanings, in answer to his own question, "Do bees work on strawberry blooms ?" " I don't remember ever seeing them at it, and I've had strawberries by the acre." Talk about nectar in strawberry blossoms I My olfactories are reasonably sensitive, but I never could detect much fra- grance. Forest City, Iowa. Queens — Cheap vs. Good Ones. BY .J. W. ROUSE. We notice in the bee-papers from time to time, something in regard to the purity of queens, also as to their prolificness, etc. I wish to say that buyers of queens are to blame in a large measure for unsatisfactory queens — not every one, but many, want queens as cheap as possible, but some do want, and ask for, a reduction even on a low price. I do not wish to blame any one for wanting to be economical, and to save all possible expense, as in many instances bee-keeping is not pay- ing, and those that are economizing and not paying unneces- sarily high prices are to be commended ; but economy can be carried too far, and what one would save in expenditure may be much more than lost in the use of the cheap article. Now as to cheap queens : It is just as easy to rear queens from good stock as it is from poor. The difference in the price of a good queen for breeding, and a poor one, is of little consequence, when the number of queens that can be pro- duced from them is considered, so that I think in most, if not all, cases, breeders of queens use good stock to rear young queens from ; so I do not think the trouble or complaint comes from the use of poor stock as a starter. A queen-breeder, to make it pay, has to sell large quanti- ties of queens, if sold at a low price, for if there is a honey- flow his bees could gather nectar, and the queen-trade has to be enough to make up the loss of honey the bees would have stored, and pay the queen-breeder for his time spent in work- ing to rear queens. To sell queens at a low price, the breeder can produce good, strong queens; also as they can be pro- duced in any quantity desired ; but to sell queens low, the breeder cannot be as careful in the selection of his young queens, and they must be sold quick— that is, the breeder can- not afford to keep the queens long enough to know by a trial that his queens are more than ordinarily prolific, if sold as untested, or if sold as tested he cannot keep them long enough to rear other young queens from them so as to know of their absolute (I speak advisedly) purity ; for if there is any cross blood (so to speak) in the young queen, it is most sure to show in a young queen. If queens are tested long enough to know that they are very prolific, and produce well- 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 343 marked queens and good workers, they are usually sold as select tested, and generally for breeders. It takes time, and time is money, to do all of this, so that if buyers of queens want these kinds of queens they must ex- pect to pay a higher price for them. As to the profit of a good queen over a poor one, there is no comparison, as a poor queen may be kept for one or two seasons and her bees produce no surplus at all, where a good queen would by her bees produce a surplus; and even if as much as 25 pounds of honey is obtained with a good queen over a poor one, this would more than make up the difference in the first cost of the two queens. I do not wish to make an excuse at all for a queen-breeder that will sell poor queens when he knows them to be such, but as long as there is a demand for queens at a low price they will be furnished, but the buyer must take his chances of get- ting good queens from these, as he has to test them, and these low-priced queens may produce some of the very best, pro- vided, of course, good stock is used to start from ; and even if some prove to be poor, at the price, others may be obtained, and in the long run may not cost any more than good queens. Mexico, Mo. Houey-Dew — Wiuteritig in Utah. Br E. S. LOVESY. Much has been written and many questions have been asked of late in regard to this so-called honey-dew. I fail to see any reason, or cause, why it ever was, or should be called by the name " honey-dew." The idea that our friends, the Stanleys, advance (page 130) that it falls as a dew from the heavens cannot be supported or sustained. In regard to the question that has been many times asked, as to what honey-dew honey is made of, I have waited long for an an- swer from some of our prominent bee-keepers. I presume the cause that produces it is pretty much the same in all localities ; if so, it should be called "bug-juice." This is the name given to it here by some of our horticulturists. It is produced here by very small insects, generally known as the aphis family. The grade can be defined to some extent by the particular kind of aphis that secrete it. There are several species of green and light colored aphis that produce a compound which when mixed with a better grade of honey can be passed as honey. There are the brown, black and other aphis whose secretions can hardly be called honey. The very best grade of it is not first-class honey. I have not noticed the bees working on it more than once in several years, and as the bees always gather the best, it is proof that they find some- thing better than the so-called honey-dew. The insect sucks the sap from the leaf, and as it passes over the leaf a portion of this honey-dew is left sticking on the leaf. If we place them under a microscope we find that their bodies are largely composed of this honey-dew. It has been asserted that ants herd these insects on the trees, and thus obtain a supply of food for themselves, but I do not vouch for this statement. WINTERING BEES IN UTAH. Winter has come and gone, and the bees here, as a rule, have pulled through in good condition. While we have had a moderately mild winter in this Rocky Mountain region, the mercury went down to zero about the beginning of the new year. The success that I have had the past winter convinces me more than ever that I do not want any more sealed covers. Our bees invariably die in winter from one of two causes — they either smother or starve. In zero weather they will starve to death with the hive nearly full of honey, unless the honey is located immediately above the cluster ; hence they should be protected so as to absorb all moisture, and keep them warm and dry. Under these conditions, if they are strong, with plenty of honey near and over them, they will come through the winter all right. Salt Lake City, Utah, April 2.3. "Sap-Houey" Instead of Honey-Dew. BY JOHN HANDEL. Now, after Stanley & Son have broken the ice in defense of honey-dew honey (see page 130), its friends will creep out from under cover by the score, ready to sacrifice time, paper, etc., in defending that much-abused colored substitute. So I won't be surprised if this gets crowded out of the American Bee Journal. But our colored friend has been kicked so hard, and long, that we got into the habit of " going around to the back door" when we offered it to the public — and, therefore, feel reluctant about coming out. Some may wait for an invi- tation from the editor before they "talk back." Those hav- ing no " ax to grind," need some encouragement, in order to make them come out boldly and advocate principles and ideas which are antagonistic to those expressed by the paid writers. The science of our pursuit is suffering because so few are allowed to do the thinking, or are encouraged to express their thoughts. Pew care to criticise the fine-spun theories of the paid writers, and unless our bee-papers are not only willing, but offer some reward, to those who are able to " talk back," the truth will be smothered by the selfish interests of the few. If those who have done so much towards prejudicing the people against the use of this double-refined sap-honey (what is the matter with that name?) had taken that time in inves- tigating the so-called "stuff," they might have found a great deal of good, and really nothing so very nasty in it. I see no reason why people should be prejudiced against eating this natural product, unless it is detrimental to their health. The fact that it is a secretion, should not deter milk-using people from adding this honey to their diet ; and if it is all in the name, of the first manipulators of this product, then let us change their name, and allow the people to eat it, if they like It. I have sold hundreds of pounds of this sap-honey in my home market, and have never heard any complaint of what I sold. (But a few tell me what the other fellow sold them was " nasty.") I always sell it 3 or 4 cents loss per pound than the best white honey, and find plenty of people who buy it, that don't buy white honey. They buy it because they like it, and probably like it because it is cheap. I tell them" how to take care of it, for so many people have an idea that honey should be kept cool, and therefore put it down cellar or in the buttery, where it soon absorbs moisture, and if pollen or other foreign matter is present, fermentation sets in. This is the reason so much sap-honey is not fit to eat ; and I think the only reason why it is not fit for winter food for the bees is be- cause, whether on the summer stand or in the cellar, sufficient moisture forms and is absorbed even through the cappings to spoil and sour it. Sap-honey, when first gathered, has a disagreeable smell, especially that from oak leaves, but if kept in a well-venti- lated and dry room for a few months, this odor will pass off. The smell, probably, has caused more people to despise sap- honey than either its looks or taste. Savanna, HI. Large vs. Small Hives — An Experience. BY G. W. M'GUIKE. I have read the discussions regarding large and small hives with no little interest. Having been a close student of bees and their habits for seven years, and having made the production of honey a success, I will endeavor to give a bit of my experience along this line. I have used brood-chambers from 600 up to 2,100 square inches, and if the reader were here now (March 29) to witness the vim and bustle of those massive hives compared with the small ones, you would not hestitate a moment in saying the large one was worth three of the small. One year a neighbor of mine ordered a queen from an Ohio breeder, and introduced her to a colony with 1,136 square inches of comb surface. After a trial of two seasons, this colony gathered no surplus. As they were fine Ital- ians, I decided to buy them. Accordingly they were bought for $5. I saw at once they had been cramped for room. I gave them a brood-chamber of 2,172 square inches of comb surface, and fed them until they had a big surplus. This colony had usually swarmed early, but now the queen remains quiet, filling this massive chamber with brood and honey. At the opening of basswood it swarmed. I hived the swarm in a 10-frame Simplicity. The flow lasted just 16 days, and in this time they had filled this hive and a surplus of 63 one-pound sections. The next spring I bought colonies in four small hives, from a man who never made them pay. I was too busy to transfer them to larger quarters. Now these four did little but swarm, while the massive colony gave 110 pounds of sur- plus honey. I have another colony with 1,800 square inches, which always pulls through booming. Who has said bees refuse to enter sections from these capacious brood-chambers ? In my observation it is just the opposite. I have never been able to get bees into the sections from my small hives by 5 or 10 days as soon as the large ones. When you hive a swarm in one of the large hives, don't 344 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 30, expect too much at the beginning. The brood and store chamber must first be filled, then it becomes a bank, from which you can draw surplus year after year, and your dividend will not be diminished. Some one has objected to so much honey being in the brood-chamber. All the better. This surplus that must ac- cumulate in the outside combs of these large brood-chambers is priceless capital ; and is to the bee-keeper what life-boats are to the sailor. It will bring fruit a hundred-fold. On June 2, 1S93, by reference to my scale hive record, one of these large colonies gathered 22 pounds from poplar. I think I have one of the best localities in the world — a vast region of poplar and basswood, among the mountains of west- ern North Carolina: a description of which I will give later. Dark Ridge, N. C. Golden Oueeas — Comb Foundation. BY EDWIN BEVINS. After protesting a good many times, and with consider- able emphasis, that I never, never would do it, I have been, and gone, and done it. I have just ordered from the South one of those golden queens which it is said the St. Joseph con- vention sat down upon. The pressure didn't seem to press the life out of them quite, and it is probable that they will do business at the old stand for a season or two yet. I have recently been reading a part of the discussion that has been going on about these yellow bees as compared with the 3-banded or leather-colored bees. The writers who have a preference for leather-colored queens seem to be in the majority, and also to have the best of the argument. It may be some satisfaction to them to know that they have the President of the United States on their side. Quigley and some others have been crying out that they burnt their fingers with the golden bees, but their burns didn't hurt me, and I am not going to be satisfied until I burn mine, or find out whether there is anything scorching about them or not. I am half sorry that I did not send to Doolittle instead of sending South. Next spring, if I live until then, and am able to handle bees, I shall send to him for a queen or two, to enable him to buy a hat for the chap who does the talking for him in the American Bee Journal. He is such a : handsome-visaged, well-proportioned fellow, that it seems to me to be a shame that Doolittle does not get him some good clothes ! He has, too, such a persuasive, expectant look and attitude that I believe it will be impossible for me to resist his appeals for more than another year. Somehow, Mr. Editor, I have been saying things that 1 did not start out to say at all. What I intended to say is, that I have lately received samples of foundation from differ- ent makers. Some of these samples have the natural odor of beeswax. Other samples, lighter in color, have this odor con- spicuously absent. I would like to have your corps of experts tell me what makes the difference in odor and color, and also which kind each one would prefer for his or her individual use. Leon, Iowa, April 10. Frames or Hives— Which Shall We Handle ? BY WM. S. BARCLAY'. In these days of progress in bee-keeping, it has been fre- quently suggested that instead of handling frames singly, as has been the usual manner of manipulating our colonies, that all this inconvenience can be avoided, and much valuable time saved in the apiary, by simply handling the hives which con- tain the frames holding the bees of the colony to be operated upon. * Reading up the many plausible reasons given for this radical change in our labor, we find many things which at a casual glance would appear quite attractive. It is not neces- sary here to again go over the ground which has already been well traveled by those who have an interest in such hives as can be handled in such manner as will indeed save much labor, but we would suggest that a more prudent course would be to meet the question half way ; by this we mean that we can use such hives as will permit us to handle the hive when neces- sary, and at the same time we can take out any frame we think it necessary to examine. For many years past I have advocated the use of hives which contained no observing glass in any part of the hive. Almost any expert bee-keeper will tell you that he can almost always tell when anything is wrong within the hive, by a close inspection of the entrance as the bees pass in and out of the hive. He may not be able to explain this fact so plainly to you that you will understand it, but he has seen enough to arouse his suspicions, and he then inspects the colony, frame by frame, and thus finds out just what is the matter. Now, did his hive have a back or side glass, it might look so favor- able within that he would not take the trouble to inspect the colony, comb by comb, and would thus fail to find out any- thing wrong until the trouble had gone so far that it was be- yond remedy. To many of our young bee-keepers, the assertion that any trouble within will be suspected by a careful look at the en- trance, may be very mysterious, and yet if they will talk to old and expert bee-keepers, they will certainly justify me in the position I have taken. Another matter in relation to handling hives instead of frames, if I understand it properly, we will have to give up our suspended frame. I mean the frame which hangs from the rebate, as in the use of the "Langstroth system." This I should be very loth to do, but would rather, in case I found it necessary to invert a frame for any purpose whatever. I can easily construct a suspended frame in such a manner that I can invert the fram.^s, or combs of a full colony, in less than half an hour, and still have a lighter, but much stronger, frame than the one which has only a single triangular top-bar, and with but little if any additional cost ; and this course will avoid the handling of a heavy colony of bees at a time when it is not convenient so to do. But as this article has already grown too long, and as the suggestion of this frame opens a new question, which I may explain in the near future, I will draw it to a close. Beaver, Pa. Report of the Utah Convention. The Utah Bee-Keepers' Association met in Salt Lake City, on April 4, 1895, with Pres. Lovesy in the chair. The Sec- retary's report was read aud approved. The committee to confer with the railway authorities re- ported, aud their work was approved, and the committee con- tinued until the next meeting. Xhe Address of the President. Pres. Lovesy's address followed. He counseled a more thorough organization, to be strengthened and extended throughout the Territory. " United we stand, divided we fall ;" hence it is essential as bee-keepers that we should unite and organize for self-preservation. DISPOSING OF THE HONEY' CROP. Referring to markets, and disposing of the honey crop, he said bee-keepers should adopt some practical method for collecting and disposing of the product of the honey-bee. Something of this kind appears to be the only course left to prevent the utter demoralization of our home market. He also said that transportation unfair charges, and excessive or discriminating rates have been a cause of much complaint in our Territory. This matter should be agitated until fair or reasonable rates are secured. EFFECT OF THE FOUL BROOD LAW. He asked whether the foul brood law filled the conditions necessary for the protection of the bees. If not, it should be altered or amended so as to make it a benefit, or at least a protection for the bees and bee-keepers. The law in its pres- ent form seemed more of an annoyan;:e than a benefit to bee- keepers. He thought the law should be amended, not to make the bee-industry profitable, but as a protection against con- tagious disease. THE SPRAYING OF FRUIi'-BLOSSOMS. With reference to bees and fruit-tree spraying in the blos- som, he said this was a subject that every bee-keeper should bo interested in, as the very existence of the bees is threatened by spraying the bloom. Even the fruit-growers themselves should recognize the fact that they often suffer greater loss than the bee-keepers, as many fruits, plants, seeds, etc., can- not be grown profitably without the bees fertilizing them. Many seeds, even if grown without fertilization, if sown, they will not grow and produce their kind. It should be apparent to all that a fraternal feeling should exist between the bee- keepers and fruit-growers, that the two industries should harmonize for the general good. The following letter from Prof. A. J. Cook, the originator of the spraying system for fruit-trees, who was employed by the government to write ufk the subject in the United States 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 345 government reports, and is the highest authority on spraying in this country, was read : Clarkmont, Calif., April 2, 1895. Mr. E. S. Lovesy— Dca?- Sir .-—Say to your people that the codling-moth do not lay eggs until the blossoms fall. Say also that the poison is slowly removed, so that it is never wise to apply it until necessary. Thus, to spray before the blos- soms fall is unwise, to say nothing about its effects on the bees. No one should spray until blossoms fall. Policy and justice alike affirm this. Yours truly, A. J. Cook. SIZE AND STVLE OF HIVES, ETC. The subject of size and style of hives for this section of the country was considered. Various opinions were given, but nothing satisfactory was agreed upon. Various hives are used in Utah, but no particular kind is adopted. By a large number of bee-keopers in Utah county, the S-frame dovetail and American hives are used. Mr. Lovesy prefers the 8 or 10 frame Langsiroth hive. He gave an interesting sketch of his method of handling bees in them. Mr. Smith, of Heber, uses the S-frame dovetail hive, and while he lives at an alti- tude of 7,000 feet, he reports that his bees wintered well. Mr. Flack, of Idaho, gave the convention some interesting remarks regarding bee-keeping in that State. He uses the Langstroth hive. He gave a sketch of his bee-keeping experi- ence in Illinois, but thought that Utah and Idaho were pref- erable. He had never regretted adopting his present location for a home. The election of officers for the ensuing year resulted as follows : E. S. Lovesy, President; G. N. Dow, Vice-President-at- large ; and George E. Dudley, Secretary and Treasurer. The following County Vice-Presidents were elected : Weber county, R. T. Rhees, of View; Cache county, J. J. Bell, of Logan ; Davis county, J. B. Clark, of Farmington ; Tooele county, George Craner, of Tooele ; Salt Lake county, J. B. Fagg, of East Mill Creek, and William Phillips, of Salt Lake City ; Utah county, 0. B. Huntington, of Springville, and George Hone, of Benjamin ; Wasatch county, J. A. Smith, of Heber City ; Kane county, James L. Bunting, of Kanab ; Washington county, Mrs. Woodbury, of St. George ; Juab county, H. C. L. Jorgensen, of Levan. Messrs. H. Taufer, J. B. Clark, G. N. Dow, Wm. Phillips, and George E. Dudley were appointed a committee to draft a new foul brood law, to be presented for the approval of the next bee-keepers' convention. The convention adjourned to meet at the call of the President. Geo. E. Dudley, Sec. Salt Lake City, Utah. Ten Weeks for Ten Cents.— This is a "trial trip" offer to those who are not now subscribers to the Ameri- can Bee Journal. Undoubtedly there are thousands who would take this journal regularly if they only had a " good taste" of it, so as to know what a help it would be to them in their work with bees. In order that such bee-keepers may be able to get that " taste," the very low offer of " 10 weeks for 10 cents" is made. Now, dear reader, you cannot do a better service than to show this offer to your neighbor bee-keeping friends, and urge them to send on their 10 cents and get the next 10 numbers of the old American Bee Journal. In fact, you could afford to send the 10 cents for them, and then after the 10 weeks expire, get them as new subscribers for a year. They will be easy to secure then, for the 10 numbers will be a fair trial, and they will want the Bee Journal regularly if they are at all interested in bee-keeping. Remember, it's o?ifj/ JO cents for 10 iveeks, to all not now subscribers to the Bee Journal. ABC of Bee-Ciiltiu-e. — We have some o£ these books left, and in order to close them out quickly, we renew the low offers we made on them. This is the fine cyclopedia of bee-keeping by A. I. Root, containing 400 pages and nearly 200 engravings. The regular price is SI. 25, but we will send the American Bee Jour- nal one year and the "ABC" bound in cloth— both for only -Jl.SO ; or the parchment cover (very heavy paper) "A B C " and the American Bee Journal one year — both together only $1.50. Soui1r)crr) T)cp^rin)cr)i^ CONDUCTED BY DR. a. p. H. BROWlSr, AUGUSTA., GA, [Please send all rjuesttons relating to bee-keeping In the South direct to Dr. Brown, and he will answer in this department.— Ed. 1 7So. 1.— Locatiugr an Apiary — Bec-]flanagcnient. There are very few places in our Southern country where there are no honey-yielding plants. The location should, if possible, be near the forage. The best forage is found along the water-courses, and in the swamps and bottoms, but on account of malaria that usually abounds in such low places, it would be best to locate the apiary on higher ground. One or two miles is not too far for bees to go for forage. I have known them to go four miles, but this distance is too great to enable them to store much surplus. hive arrangement and shade. In our climate hives should be arranged with special ref- erence to shade. I prefer the shade of fruit-trees. An arbor of the scuppernong grape vine makes a grand and dense shade. Other varieties of grapes often shed their leaves so soon that they answer a poor purpose. For a shade-tree that does not get overly large, and has a close, compact foliage, I can recommend the Caradeuc plum. While it is a shy bearer, the fruit is very delicious. Some varieties of the Japan plums also make good shade. The Mimosa, China-berry tree or pride of India, and the Sterculia plalanifolin, or varnish tree, are fine for shade and very ornamental. These trees are only suited for culture in the Southern States. Where natural shade cannot be had, the next best shade is obtained by using pieces of boards for extra cover. The hives should be ar- ranged with reference to avoid having the hot afternoon sun glaring upon the entrance. In fact, it is best not to allow this sun to strike the hive at all ; for nearly all the damage to combs by melting is caused by the sun pouring on the hive between the hours of 12 m. and o p.m. When starting to keep bees it is best not to commence with too many colonies. A half-dozen in well-arranged hives would be sufficient to start with. You must learn to handle them — practice must be combined with theory. Then as you gain knowledge you can enlarge your apiary to a profitable size. As knowledge in bee-culture can be conveyed and ob- tained more rapidly by the eye than by any other means, a few days spent in some well-conducted apiary, under the direction of an expert apiarist, would be of immense benefit. MISTAKES MADE BY BEGINNERS. Beginners often make great mistakes in making their first purchases. Instead of consulting some skilled, practical and reliable bee-keeper, as to the articles they need, they consult some voluminous catalogue of bee-keepers' supplies, and pick out at random articles that are not worth a pewter sixpence to any practical apiarist. Of course their money is spent to no purpose, and quite likely they will soon abandon the busi- ness ill disgust. The beginner should be provided with one or two good bee-books, which should not only be read but studied; and, besides, should take the American Bee Journal, or some other good bee-paper. I find many persons who keep bees are not book readers, but they will take up a bee-paper and snatch out an idea. It is to this class that I more especially address myself, and I intend to make my talk on bee-matters plan, simple and practical. KNOWLEDGE OF THE BEE NECESSARY. One of the very first requisites towards successful bee- keeping is a knowledge of the nature and temper of the honey-bee, and of the means by which the insect's irascibility can be controlled. The bee when out foraging never acts on the offensive — always on the defensive. But when its hive is threatened to be disturbed ; or its stores taken ; or when excited by dis- agreeable odors ; or by persons standing in its range of flight ; or by striking at it or pinching it, etc., its actions may be both defensive and offensive. WHAT TO DO WHEN STUNG. When stung, the sting should be immediately removed, or the strong muscles that drive it, and still adhere to its base, will force it deeper into the wound. It should always be scraped out, and not pulled out with the thumb aud finger. 346 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 30, which would squeeze the poison-sac and inject more venom into the wound. When stung, reraovo the sting as quicfc^iy as possible. If stung on the hand, Inslantly pass it against the corner of the hive. In many eases the sting of a bee is attended with ranch pain and swelling, wliilo in others there are no ill-effects pro- duced whatever. There is no doubt that the system can soon become inured to the poison so that uo bad effects are pro- duced. The writer well recollects the time when a bee-sting was very painful to him, and was always attended with much pain and welling ; but now he would rather, at any time, be stung by a bee than be pricl^ed by a thorn. Many remedies have been suggested for stings, and while they all may do good In some cases, In others they fall. As formic acid is the principal constituent of the poison, it seems that those remedies that contain an alkali — such as ammonia, soda, etc., prove the most efficacious. A continued application of cold water to the part stung is most excellent, and usually prevents the pain and swelling. Tincture of Iodine applied to the wound Is said to be eiJBcaclous. While it is impossible to work much among bees and never get stung, it is also possible in most of cases to keep them " peaceably inclined," so that stings need be few and far be- tween. One person possesses no more "charms" in handling bees than another, if the same laws and rules are observed. DIRECTIONS FOR HANDLING BEES. In all our operations with our bees we must use gentle- ness. All quick, sudden jars and motions irritate them. Bees are always more gentle and less Inclined to sting when they are gathering plenty of honey ; and at such times the hives can be opened with very little danger ; whereas, when there is a dearth of honey, the inmates of the same hive might show a great spirit of resentment. I have observed that color exerts some influence on the temper of this insect. I have found tliatdark shades of cloth- ing, and particularly red, are more distasteful to them than white. Hence, when working among them use light-colored clothes. When opening a hive, always stand on the side opposite to the wind, and never in front of the entrance. It is bee- nature, when alarmed, for the insect to take to its stores and gorge itself with honey. When in this condition they never sting unless struck at or squeezed. Most writers tell us that this engorgement of the honey-sac soothes the auger of the insect and makes It peaceable. While this is partly true, in the main It Is incorrect. When the honey-receptacle is en- gorged, the abdomen Is much distended, which deprives the bee of making the necessary muscular action of this portion of the body in order to bring the sting into a proper position for a thrust. In order to guard against bees crawling up the arms and legs, it is best to confine the sleeves at the wrists with elastic bands, and to pull the socks over the bottom of the pants. It is best not to work among bees after dark, for they cannot see to fly, and at such times are great at crawling, and will " poke their noses " into every little opening about the clothing. Cai;)adiar) Beedorrj^ Condtictcd by " BEE-MA.STBR." A Cold Snap. After preternaturally warm weather for about two weeks, during which the thermometer several times hovered between 90^ and 100'-', there came on Sunday, May 12, "a frost, a nipping frost," the mercury going down in the most favored parts of Canadian beedom to 24^ or 26-. A clean sweep is made of the fruit-blossoms, hence the supply of honey from that source will be ?i)7. But probably the most serious Injury to the bee-keeping industry will be from the chilling of young brood. The unusually hot weather for two weeks previously had stimulated brood-rearing to the greatest possible extent, and no doubt many colonies found it impossible to nourish their babies In a sufticient degree to keep them alive. The extreme cold has now continued for a whole week. Last night (May 19) ice formed to the thickness of a quarter of an inch. For a week there has been no let-up to admit of an examina- tion to what extent colonies have been checked and injured by chilled brood. The 10 nuclei from Florida, spoken of in a previous issue of Canadian Beedom, arrived on May 11, and it will be inter- esting to note, when it is "possible to do so, how they have stood a whole week's exposure to weather which at this time of the year may, without exaggeration, be called " Arctic." However this particular importation may turn out, it is rather a damper on the project of getting bees from the South with a view to profit from building nuclei up into strong colonies capable of yielding a remunerative surplus of honey the same season. ••—-»• Bee-Keeping as a Specialty. The editor of the Bee-Keepers' Review is frank enough to own that there are places where bee-keeping can no longer be followed successfully as a specialty, because the returns are too uncertain, and says he sees no good in trying to make it appear otherwise. This is a sensible view to take of the subject. Celery-growing is pursued as a specialty in the vicinity of Kalamazoo, Mich., but there are few localities in which this can be done to advantage. The soil and climate are specially adapted to this crop. In many places this vegetable Is grown under difficulties. It can be done, but it Is at a disadvantage. The same fact should be recognized in regard to bee-keeping. In districts particularly well adapted to this pursuit, it is wise and well to follow it extensively ; in others less favorably sit- uated, it should be carried on with caution, not putting all the eggs into one basket, lest peradventure there may be a spill. ■*-—^- FIve-Bancled Bees. Part of the report of the Michigan State Apicidtural Station, published in llie liee- Keepers' Senlevj. Having a desire to test the so-called five-banded bees, I introduced two queens of this variety in the spring of 1894. As in the case of so many other experiments, the unfavorable character of the season prevented anything like a fair test to their abilities as honey-gatherers, yet it can be said that nothing appeared to show that they were lacking in this re- spect. Though called "golden Italians," I would have pro- nounced them anything but Italians judging from the disposi- tion they exhibited. While they are not the most irascible of bees, they are yet very nervous and quick to manifest a recognition of intrusion, from which characteristic I should have judged them to be largely of Syrian blood. But the most marked characteristic exhibited by at least one of two colonies was an inclination to rob. If there was any attack to be attempted on a colony, or by chance to pry into a case of honey, about one-balf the would-be thieves, out of a large apiary, were from one or both of these colonies. It is to be hoped that this peculiarity may stand them in stead in the gathering of nectar when an opportunity occurs. Lapeer, Mich. R. L. Taylor. E. E. Hasty, in his " Condensed View " says : " Mr. Tay- lor also reports four cellar-placed colonies, with everything right as far as could be seen, but bees all dead. They differed from the live ones simply in being 'Improved' five-banded stock. Lend us a pin to stick here, somebody. Know- ing smile of the ' told you so ' species, from Mr. Alley." Probably the same kind of "knowing smile " will over- spread the faces of others who might be named, for it cannot be denied that there Is a very general Impression among bee- keepers who have no axe to grind, that these five-banded beauties are apt to show a certain delicacy of constitution. Bees in manitoba. The following appeared in a recent number of the Farmers' Advocate : This is the earliest I have ever taken my bees out of their winter quarters. April 7 was the earliest until this year, when I took them out on April 1. They are in better condi- tion this year than I ever had them before — plenty of bees, and plenty of stores, and all healthy. About SO per cent, of the number I put in last fall came through all right. They are gathering a little pollen already. I had very good success with them last season. I got about lOO pounds of extracted honey from each colony. I use the Jones hive and find it the best for general use, for gathering honey and for putting them away in the winter. I have used the Langstroth and found it all right as far as the storing of honey went, but as there is no space to pack with 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 347 chaff, the bees did not winter as well in it as in the Jones hive. I have discarded the combination hives, as I found it did not pay to have too many kinds in operation. G. G. GuNN. Gonor, Manitoba, April 11. CONDUCTED BY XJK. C. C. JVIII^LBR, MARENGO, ILL. [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct.] Italianizing and Keeping Bees Pure. I have purchased nine colonies of hybrids and black.-;, four of them being hived in old hives, which seems to be con- trary to G. P. Hachenberg's experience, as related on page 287. I am desirous of Italianizing my hybrids, and, of course, refer to my text-book, and there I am advised to purchase a choice tested queen and rear my own queens from her. ,So far, so good ; but after this choice queen has reared Italian stock, and I proceed to rear queens in that hive, how am I to get sufficient virgin queens mated to queen nine colonies, when I have only the one colony of Italians, all the rest being hybrids ? A. E. G. Answer. — No, you're not very badly mixed, but you may as well make up your mind that keeping bees pr.re is not as easy as keeping chickens or cattle pure. Your tested queen will in a few weeks be surrounded by a family of pure Italian workers and drones, but as you suspect, the virgin queens reared from the tested queen will have a better chance to meet black than yellow drones. You may use drone-traps and suppress all but the yellow drones, but very likely your neigh- bors will furnish a good supply of dark drones. I5ut if you requeen all your colonies from the tested queen, these new queens, even though they meet pure black drones, will rear pure Italian drones, or at least practically so, and next season all young queens will have a much better chance to meet yel- low drones. So you can go on, constantly weeding out unde- sirable stock, but you may have to do more or less of that weeding for years if black bees are around you. You may buy untested queens for each one of your colo- nies, and the chances of your young queens will be better. Suppose you buy a tested queen of the very best kind for each colony. New queens will be reared next year, whether you will or no, and with black or hybrid bees all around you the chance for impure mating will be pretty good. I think you will find it a work of time to have all pure Italians, no matter what your plan, unless there are no impure bees about you. Transferring and General Management. I am just making a beginning in bee-keeping this spring. I already have a colony in a box-hive, and I have purchased the increase from the colonies of some of my neighbors, I furnishing the hives (which are the 10-frarae Dovetailed) to put the new swarms in. 1. I wish to transfer the bees in the laox-hive to one of my new 10-frame hives, and propose following " Heddon's'short way" — that is, drumming a portion of the bees and the queen from the old hive into a forcing-box, and then giving them to the new hive, and allowing the old hive to stand for 21 days, when the brood will be hatched, and can then be driven into the new hive. Do you think well of this plan 9 a — If the old hive and brood with a portion of the bees are allowed to stand for 21 days, will they not rear a queen ? and if so, what shall I do with her ? b — Will the bees of the new hive receive kindly the newcomers from the old hive at the expiration of 21 days? 2. My hives are all 10-frame, with full sheets of founda- tion in the frames. In hiving swarms, shall I give them the 10 frames at once, or a lesser number, using the division- board ? 3. Should the super and sections be put on at once when a swarm is hived ? or not until the frames in the lower story are pretty well filled ? 4. What is the best way for artificial swarming ? 5. My place is surrounded with great apple orchards, which blossomed very profusely this spring, but my bees paid no attention to them. Can you account for this ? Ben Avon, Pa. H. P. J. Answers. — 1. The plan is good, a — Most likely the young queen will be there all right, and if you are anxious for increase you can make another "drive" and put all the bees in a new hive, or you can unite all with the first "drive," and the bees will take care of the queen-business without any at- tention on your part, b — Yes, at that time, while bees are busy gathering, there is little trouble about uniting bees in any sort of style. After the harvest has closed they don't take so kindly to newcomers. 2. In working for comb honey, better give only about five frames at the start, then add the remainder when these are filled. 3. Don't put on sections at once unless you have a queen- excluder over the brood-frames. And don't wait for the frames to be pretty well filled, but put on sections in perhaps a couple of days, when the queen has got fairly to work laying. 4. That's a hard question. Depends much on what you have, what you want, what you know, your pasturage, and perhaps other things. On the whole, I think the best thing is to read up in the books, then try to decide what plan will suit you best. In a place like mine, where it is a somewhat un- certain matter what will be in two weeks from any given time, I like the plan of starting nuclei, then as soon as the young queen gets to laying fill up so as to make a full colony by taking one or two combs with adhering bees from each col- ony that can spare. In that way you are not caught with a lot of weaklings by a sudden stoppage of the honey-flow. 5. I am not sure I can. If the weather was too bad for bees to be out, of course they would not work on fruit-bloom, but if weather was such that bees were flying freely, and they paid no attention to apple-bloom, I should say there was some- thing they could do better on, but I have not the slightest idea what it might be. A Big Oflfier. — Send two new subscribers to the Ameri- can Bee Journal for one year, at .SI. 00 each, and get as your premium a free copy of Root's " A B C of Bee-Culture " bound in cloth. This offer will hold good only so long as the present stock of books holds out ; so you'd better send your order within a couple of weeks. It's a big offer, and you ought not to miss it. It is a 400-page encyclopedia of bee-keeping, fully illustrated. Over 60,000 copies have already been sold. The regular price, postpaid, is $1.25 ; or we will clnb it with the American Bee Journal for a year — both for only ."gLSO. 848 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 30, PUBLISHED WEEKLY liV GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, 56 Fittb Avenue. - CHICAGO, IKT.. ?1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. [Entered at the Post-Offlce at ChicaBO as Second-Class Mail-Matter.J VoinXV. CHICAGO, ILL, MAT 30, 1895. No, 22. Editorial Budget. Meiuorial Day has come once more, and again with beautiful flowers will be decorated the graves of our Nation's heroic dead. In commemoration of the solemn event, a song —"When Should the Nation Forget ?"— is published in the Bee Journal this week, which doubtless will please many of those who can sing. Have the whole family learn it, and make the " chorus " ring. Rev. E. X. Abbott's Labors as lecturer on Prac- tical Apiculture and the Poultry Yard, at Institutes under the care of the Missouri State Board of Agriculture during the the past year, have been highly appreciated by that body, and he is again engaged in the same capacity for another series of lectures. The appropriation for farmers' institute work, made by the 38th General Assembly of Missouri, is $6,000, which with about $2,000 still in the hands of the State Board, will enable them to hold about 40 meetings during the next biennial period. Missouri is moving on ! Please Mention the Bee Journal when writ- ing to any of the advertisers in this paper. You may think it unnecessary to do so, but to the advertiser and to the pub- lishers of the American Bee Journal it is a very important matter. By saying, " I saw your advertisement in the Ameri- can Bee Journal," you will be showing the advertiser where it pays him best to advertise, and also it will help the publishers of the American Bee Journal to hold such advertisers regu- larly, as they will patronize more liberally those papers that bring the most returns. So please don't forget to always men- tion the Bee Journal when writing to its adverti'sers. This :Nuniber Closes Three Years of the American Bee Journal under its present management. Having scarcely any acquaintance with bee keepers three years ago, it was indeed a risky thing to take the responsibility of con- ducting this journal, especially as I was to follow one who had successfully edited and published it for nearly a score of years. But the years have come and gone, and still the old American Bee Journal moves on, and now gives promise of greater success in the future than it has ever enjoyed in the past. I feel deeply grateful to all who have so kindly assisted and encouraged me in ray arduous but pleasant labors, and truly I have never had any cause for complaint of the lack of the most cordial letters of appreciation of my efforts since assuming the editorship of the American Bee Journal. I was reminded of this fact, upon receipt of the following letter, dated April 26, 1895, writen by one of those who reply to queries in the Question-Box department, and who lives east of Chicago : Friend York : — I am pleased to see that there is no rctro- (jratle in the American Bee Journal. " Excelsior " seems to be your motto, and progression your rule. This is as it should be, and is the only way by which you can expect the support of the bee-keeping public. I have watched your course as a bee-editor closely, and have found that you was constantly " keeping up to the mark," and leading (as you should) rather than following. I have admired your manly. Independent course, and have been pleased to see that no favoritisms have crept in, and that you have ever been fair and impartial. I trust that you will continue as you have begun, and will not weary in well-doing. * » ■» Though I have never claimed to be super-human, and have only endeavored to do my duty as I saw it, still there is a satisfaction in feeling that my efforts have been, and are, appreciated by those who take and read the American Bee Journal for the apicultural information which it contains. Another of the "repllers" in the Question-Box (after reading the exceedingly foolish, yet amusing, criticisms of the American Bee Journal and its editor, made by some), sends the following, which he thinks quite aptly illustrates the case in question ; Friend York : — After having read certain senseless criti- cisms of yourself and the American Bee Journal, I was re- minded of this story : A man in a putjiic position was belabored by an envious rival to whom he paid no attention. Some of his friends said : " Why don't you silence the fellow?" He replied: " I once knew of a little dog that would go out night after night and bark at the moon. Would bark at it by the hour." His friends waited for him to finish the story, but he re- mained silent, and they said : "Well, what of it?" " Oh, nothing ; the moon kept right on." Friend York, the American Bee Journal may as well take the part of the moon. * * » The Toronto Convention. — Secretary Hutchin- son desires this notice given in regard to the next meeting of the North American Bee-Keepers' Association : The North American, as we all know, will hold its meet- ing this year in Toronto, Canada, during the Industrial Fair in September. Bro. Holtermann has already secured the auditorium of the Norman School as a place for holding the meeting. It is none too soon now to begin thinking about a programme, and I would be thankful if bee-keepers would write to me and suggest topics that they would like to have on the programme. W. Z. Hutcuinson, Sec. Flint, Mich. ^-»-^ Hon. Geo. E. Hilton, who is a member of the Michigan legislature, is also a well-known bee-keeper and supply-dealer. A correspondent at Lansing, in one of a series of letters to Mr. Hilton's county newspaper, had this to say in his letter published May 9 : Hon. Geo. E. Hilton returned from a week's stay at his home yesterday. He is receiving many congratulations from his colleagues upon the fact that he is the proud father of a nice little girl. Time bears out the prediction made in the first of this series of letters, that Mr. Hilton would prove to be one of the most popular as well as active and useful members of the House. No man is more highly respected than he, and no man in either House has more friends. He has much in- fluence, and it is needless to say to Newaygo county readers that it is never exerted in a bad cause. It seems to be invariably the case that wherever a bee- keeper is elected to some important public office, a good man is found. The Bee Journal congratulates both Mr. Hilton and his constituents. Ten weeks for ten cent§. Sec page 345. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 349 Giant Bee of India.— Ruth E. Taylor, of Bellona, N. Y., the Secretary of the Ontario County Bee-Keepers' Asso- ciation, sends the following " Petition," with the request that it be published in the American Bee Journal : Whereas, The Honorable Secretary of Agriculture, in his last report to the President, says : "The Entomologist strongly recoiuraended as a part of the work of this fiscal year, the attempt to introduce into the United States from Ceylon the giant bee of India ; Whereas, It now remains with the bee-keepers and farmers to unite in petitioning the proper authorities to carry out the work recommended by the Entomologist ; therefore, be it Resolved, That we, the bee-keepers of Ontario County, New York, in convention assembled, respectfully ask the pub- lishers of the bee-papers to print and distribute with their paper a petition to be circulated by each subscriber. The ex- tra expense to be shared pro rata by the various bee-keepers' societies throughout the United States. Signed, C. A. Olmstead, E. H. Perry, Edwin Hutchinson, Ruth E. Taylor, Sec. Committee on Resolutions. Bellona, N. Y., May 6, 1895. It seems to me, that, so long as nearly all the testimony is against the feasibility of getting any benefit from "Apis dorsata," it would hardly be a desirable thing to go to any ex- pense in the matter. If the government has any money to spend in advancing the interests of the bee-keepers of the United States, I think there are scores of other ways in which it could be applied that would result in infinitely more good to the pursuit in general. If the North American Bee-Keep- ers' Association could secure a grant from the goverment, such as the Ontario (Canada) Bee-Keepers' Association has, I be- lieve much more practical benefit would come out of it than to spend the same amount on an effort to domesticate the "big stingers" of India. By the way, I have yet to hear that very many of our best and leading apiarists are asking for the importation of " Apis dorsata." If more than a half dozen of them are really in earnest about the matter, it will be news. Hon. Eugene Secor, of Forest City, Iowa, has been publishing a valuable series of articles on "Tree-Plant- ing," in his local newspaper, in which he considers the ques- tions, what to plant, how to plant, and where to plant. He advises against such varieties as the cottonwood and the Lom- bardy and white poplars, and points out that there are at least 50 varieties of decidous trees of much higher commer- cial value, which do well in the Northwest, besides a very fair list of evergreens and conifers. He suggests dealing direct with growers of stock rather than with agents, who may or may not be reliable, and he urges the planter to get reliable information, as a means to which he calls attention to the fact that there are five horticultural societies in Iowa, not run to make money, but to disseminate information such as the planter needs. No better authority on this subject, than Mr. Secor, could well be found. Honey-yielding trees will also have a chance. Unla-wful to Adulterate Honey. — A subscriber living in California, in a letter dated May 14, writes thus : I heard that the recent legislature of this State passed an act making it unlawful to adulterate honey. Shortly after the adjournment of that body Gov. Budd signed the Act, and it became a law. I have not seen the Act, and do not know much about it. I am not sure that the person who told me about this law read the item or telegram rightly, but I am in- clined to think he did. I will look the matter up some day that I happen in a law office, or meet one of the members of the late legislature. Bee-keepers will be interested to know all about this. I trust our good friend who reports the above, will soon find out all about it, and send whatever he learns in regard to it. /Kn)Qr)q i1r)c Bee-Papers Conducted liy " GT^EAXBR." WHAT TO DO WITH UNFINISHED SECTIONS. The best and most profitable way for the average bee- keeper to dispose of unfinished sections, I am convinced, is to extract all that will not sell as second grade for as much as extracted honey will bring, and use them for bait sections the next season. There is a value in these nice, white combs for this purpose, that is not appreciated by very many. — H. R. Boardman, in Gleanings. LINING FOR SOLAR WAX-EXTRACTORS. The best inside lining for a solar wax-extractor of small size is Russia iron. Zinc and galvanized iron would darken the wax, and, besides, would reflect back too much of the light. Of course, if you can get an asphaltum that will not be affected by the heat or the wax it will make no difference what metal you use. The asphaltum used by photo-stock dealers for painting developing-trays would be about the thing. For large-sized extractors there is nothing better than matched boards of butternut-wood, or something that will not shrink much. These, of course, should be painted black. — Gleanings. BEE-PARALYSIS — CONTAGIOUS, BUT NOT HEREDITARY. T. S. Ford, of Columbia, Miss., in Review, takes the ground that bee-paralysis is contagious and not hereditary. The introduction of an infected queen would infect a colony, but an infected worker, he thinks, would do the same thing. He says : "The discussion in reference to this subject that has been going on at intervals for the past year has led me to believe that the disease is not so virulently infectious as I first be- lieved. The rapid spread of the infection through my own apiary may have been due to the fact that my hives were all under one shelter, and not over a foot apart. Doubtless it is a daily occurence for bees to enter the wrong hive by mistake and in this way diseased bees could infect a healthy colony. And if it spreads by contact as Baldensperger thinks, robber bees in the act of cleaning out a diseased colony could get the bacillus, and in this way carry home the seeds of the malady." SPREADING BROOD IN SPRING. There is much said recently in the American Bee Journal about the practice of spreading brood in the spring, the major- ity taking ground against it. It is very safe advice when applied to the bee-keeper in the cold corners of the East ; but here in California the spreading of brood can be indulged in with but little danger to the colony, and it is largely practiced here in the spring. It is safe to say that all of the leading bee-keepers do thus enlarge the brood-nest, and equalize until the honey-harvest commences. It pays in dollars. — Rambler, in Gleanings. AN AVERAGE Y'lELD OF HONEY. I think some will read with a little surprise the statement of Chas. Dadant (page 29.3) that their average yield does not exceed 50 pounds of extracted honey per colony. It only shows that he observes more closely than the majority. For I have an idea that a great many suppose their average yield to be away above what it is, and would be somewhat surprised at the result if they should keep an accurate record and figure the average. Even those who do keep a record have a kind of misty idea that their average is a good deal more than the figures will show. Such a one will think: "My average crop is about 75 pounds, but for the past seven years the crop has always fallen below the average, never exceeding 50 pounds." He's waiting for his crop to come up, but doesn't seem to think that his average has been pulled down to per- haps 30 pounds. SECURING THE BEST BEES. B. Taylor, in Review, tells how he manages. The colo- nies that first build up and swarm are the ones he breeds from. The mother colony is left on the old stand so as to be strong to rear good queen-cells, and these cells are used for others. He further says : "After I have started enough nurseries in this way to supply me with queens, each swarm is set where the parent colony stood, the supers are moved to it, a queen-excluding honey-board being put under it, and the parent colony moved to the other end of the same stand, with its entrance turned in the opposite direction from the new swarm. I want all the 350 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May SO, field-bees In the new swarm to keep it stroni;, /or it is from these new swarms that comes 80 per cent, of the white honey crop. " I can get more white honey by hiving these new swarms in hives with only starters of comb foundation in the brood- framns. In theory I do not intend to winter these colonies, but to work them for all the surplus they can he forced to pro- duce, then unite them in the fall with the parent colonies This I do by setting the prime swarm on top of the parent colony witli a queen-excluding honey-board between them, having first removed the old queen. If the new swarm Is very populous, I will set the two together without the honey- board and winter them in the two-story hive ; in fact, this may be the best in all cases where the colonies are very strong in bees." DRONES AND SWARMING. Says Doolittle in Gleanings: "There are a few bee- keepers who argue that, if all drones and drone-comb are kept out of the hive it would be, to some extent, a preventive of swarming ; but with me I have failed to see that this matter of drones has had anything to do with the matter of swarming whatever ; for I have several times had hybrid colonies in my apiary, from which I have taken all drone-combs, and not allowed them to rear drones, because I did not want my young queens to meet such drones ; yet, so far as I could see, these colonies swarmed as promptly as did those having drones. From my experience in the past I would say tha't it is not practical to try to keep all drone-comb out of any hive, but, rather, have ju.st o?!(; frame in each and every hive, haviug from six to twelve square inches of drone-comb in it, and have such comb stand in a certain place in each hive, so that the apiarist may know just where it is ; then every 20 days open the hives from which it is desired that no drones shall fly, and decapitate them, thus making a sure thing of the matter, and fully satisfying the bees. TWO-STOKT BROOD-CHAMBERS. F. L. Thompson, in his interesting "Notes from Foreign Journals" in Review, says: Dr. Metelli (speaking of the idea that some bee-keepers have, that one story of deep frames for the brood-chamber of the Berlepsch hive is preferable to two stories of small ones) says it is wholly theoretical to suppose that two bars and a bee-space are an obstacle either to the queen or the bees, and not borne out by practice ; and calls attention to the way in which the bees work in separatored section supers, which are perfect labyrinths. MAKING DOVETAILED HIVES. Rambler reports in Gleanings a new kink in putting to- gether dovetailed hives, as practiced by P. J. Morely. A piece of tin bent at right angles, long enough and wide enough to cover the ends of the dovetails, is securely nailed to the corners of the hive. There was no chance for sun and rain to get in their warping effects. CONDUCTED BV Kev-. Emerson T. Abbott, St. Josepb, Afo. How to Xell Robbers.—" In what way can we dis- tinguish robber bees?" President Abbott replied, 'Watch and see if they bring out any honey.' Our experience in bee- keeping does nut fit that reply at all, which we think of no value to the beginner because he could not tell whether bees came out loaded or not. We think we can give a much better answer." — Heddon. I think there must be some mistake about this answer, for I do not believe I ever gave it ; but possibly I did, and for the sake of not leaving it in the world without a father, I will be- come responsible for it. Before we discuss the subject any further, let me put the " much better (?) answer " beside this one, that they may be readily compared and both stand on their merits : " Robber bees may be readily distinguished by their cautious, flitting, dodging, sneaking, guarded movement (sic) as they hover about the entrance in fear and doubt about the advisability of entering. Their legs seem to hang down like a blue heron's in flying to and from the nest." This answer reminds me of a criticism I once heard a friend make on a sermon. He said : "It had a diarrbea of words and a constipation of ideas," and Mr. II. 's answer seems to be troubled in the same way. Now, how is a beginner to tell how a blue heron's legs hang, if, like myself, he is not sure of ever having seen one ? Then the bees' legs do not hang like the heron's, but setire to hang in that way, so the matter becomes still more compli- cated, even though the unfortunate beginner has been so favored as to be conversant with all the movements of the "blue heron." But to be serious, it seems to me that a be- ginner should recognize a bee filled with honey about as quickly as he would that "cautious, flitting, dodging, sneak- ing, guarded movement " which makes up so much of the " better answer." I know there are some things connected with the successful handling of bees which cannot be ex- plained by word of mouth or on paper. They must be learned by actual experience, or by what they call " practicums " at the Pennsylvania Agricultural College. After one has had a real, practical demonstration of robbing, I do not think he will ever be troubled any more to know just when it is going on. But why have any robbing at all ? It is always an in- dication of bad management. The best cure for robbing is prevention, which means neatness and despatch in all work about the apiary, keeping a sharp eye on every colony to know its exact condition. But in our hurry we will sometimes neg- lect things, and almost before we are aware of it we will have a bad case of robbing on hand. At such times I have not found anything better than a good hand spray pump. Put a little carbolic acid in some hot water and mix it thoroughly. Put this mixture in a pail of cold water and give the hives and bees a good sprinkling, and it will generally put a stop to the robbing for the time being. A pane of glass set so it will lean against the front of the hive which is being robbed is also of great benefit, as it con- fuses the robbers and prevents them from finding their way into the hive. I saw this in some of the journals several years ago, but do not know to whom the idea Ijelongs. All of these things are of more or less benefit, but in the hour of an emer- gency a bee-keeper is compelled to depend largely upon his own inventive genius. If he has none of this element in his make-up, he is apt to go to the wall. If he is a born bee- keeper, he is bound to succeed, even though he has but meager information on the subject. If I were giving advice to a beginner as to how to manage an apiary I would say, read all you can on the subject, and then when the time comes to act, use the dictates of your own best judgment, as it is very hard to give instruction which will apply to all cases. Pears Self-Impotent.—" Not one single Bartlett flowerhad set fruit when pollinated with Bartlett pollen, no matter what the source." — Bulletin No. 5, Department of Agriculture. This is quoted from an exceedingly valuable Bulletin which can be had for the asking, by addressing the Depart- ment of Agriculture, Washington, D. C, and calling for Bulletin No. 5, on the Pollination of Pear Flowers. Every bee-keeper should read it, as it sets forth clearly and conclu- sively the importauco of the bee in securing a perfect pear crop, and in some cases any pear crop at all. I might quote at length and offer comments, but I much prefer that all who are interested send and get a copy of the pamphlet and read for themselves. I think the bee-keepers of the country owe "special agent" Waite a vote of thanks for producing such g, valuable addition to the literature of this important subject. ■Weighing Bees. — "Try the spring balance." — Gleaner. Why try either ? What use does any ordinary bee-keeper have for a device for weighing bees, anyway? One cannot tell the location of the stores by any method of weighing ; and, if the honey is not in the right place in the hive, it may just as well be in the moon so far as doing the bees any good during a long, cold spell. Do not weigh the colonies with any kind of scales, but examine them with your eyes and heft them with your linncls. An experienced bee-keeper will know at a glance if the conditions are favorable. There is not money enough in bees to spend any time at such useless work as weighing hives. This is all well enough at the experiment stations, but the ordinary mortal who expects to make money out of bees must learn to take a shorter cut than this. Xliat l\e\v Song' — "Queenie Jeanette" — which is being sung everywhere, we can send you for 40 cents, postpaid, or club it with the American Bee Journal for cue year — both for only $1.10. Or, send us one new subscriber for a year (with $L. 00), and we will mail you a copy of the song free. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 351 ^ BEST GOODS At lowest prices are what we are all after. The Quality of Oarv's Goods has never been questioned. His XX White Thin Foundation and Polished 1-Piece Sections are the Finest on the market. His BEES and QUEENS are from the best strains, and reared and shipped in the way that long- years of experi- ence have shown to be the best. He has the laifrest Stoclt of BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES in New England ; and as to Prices, you hare odIv to send for a Catalog and compare them with those of other dealers. J^~ To those living in the East, there Is the sti 11 f u rther consideration of low freight rates Addresss. W. W. CARY, COLRAIX, MASS. 22A5 Mfiitioii American Bee Journal wlifii untiii?. 300 Colonies of 4 9[o. 1 Italian Bees in 8-fr. Dovetailed Hives, for sale CHEAP, Also a Full Line of Apiarian Goods, all new, at living prices. Send for Catalogue, to— E. T. rianagan, Bo.x 783, Belleville, Ills. 11 A 1 3 Wentton the American Bee JimnuU. ^ VVV UNTESTED ITALIAN QuEENS. ^ * ^™^ Reared from a Queen valued at , , .toO. Can't be excelled as honey- A I gatherers; 75 cents each. Address ^^W W. J. FOREHAND, -^^ V 22 A 5 Fort Deposit. Ala. v ^ >li >li ite. >!i ife >ti iK -^ :5!i >J4 >lt >te. '< Mention the American Bee JouTna<,. STILL IN THE LEAD. HILTOX'S Cliaff Hives, T-Su- pers. White Polished Sections, Foiiiitlation, Smokers, and ever- ything needed in the Apiary. —Send for 1895 Catalog— GEO. E.HILTON, FREMONT, MICH. 11A13 Mention the American Bee Jcumcu, Theodore Bender's ITALIAN QUEENS Are bred for Business, Beauty .t Gentleness. He makes a Specialty of breeding Fine Ital- ian Queens that rank with the best In the world. Untested Queens, in Way. $1.2.5 each; June $1 each, or 6 for .Jo. 00 ; July to October. 75c. each or 6 for$*.25. Tested Queens. ?).50 to$2.00each. Send for Free Tlhistrated Cir- cular to— THEODORE BENDKK. 22A5 18 Fulton St.. CANTON. OHIO. Mention iheAmerienn Bix Journal. The American ST RAW HIVI 19A8 Latest and Best. Ci Perfectly adapted to Modern Bee Culture. Illustrated Ciicahr Frso. HAYCK BROS., QUINCY, ILL. Please mention the Bee Journal. Garden City, Kan., May 13. 1895. P. J. Thomas. Fredonia, Kan.— Honor lo whom Iioiior is due. The Queen you sent me proved the best out of six 1 bought from ditferent Breeders. J. Huffman. Big Yellow Golden Italian Queens 75e Three for $2.00. Three-banded, same price" 1-Frame Nui'leus. with Untested Queen. $1.75 2-frame. $2.25. Satisfaction guaranteed. 1». J. THOMAS, Fredonia, Kan. Mention the American Bee Journal. 22A5 COMB FOUNDATION ^'c^a"i? t'o^frj and 12c. iJer lb. lor E.vtra Thin, when Wax is sent to me; and I will guarantee that there is no better made. Price-List and Samples free to all. Aug-ubt Weiss, Hortonville, Wis. 15 A8 Mention the American Bee Journal, Qciperal Itetrjs. Extracting Honey— Lively Twins. I just finished putting on the second sur- plus cases to-day. I have taken about S or 10 gallons of fine willow and locust honey, and think I have perhaps a barrel, which I mean to extract as soon as I find time. I have 30 colonies, all in fine condition. Since I last wrote, our home has been blessed with twins— a boy and girl : they are now 15 months old. and I tell you they are a lively pair. We are bringing them up on milk and honey, and their plump, rosy cheeks show what a blessed thing it is. Albert Vought. Illawara, La., May S. Good Prospect for Honey. The bees are doing pretty well now. I have 60 colonies left out of 80. It is pretty cold weather today— 45 degrees. The pros- pect is good for honey. The white clover promises to be good. We cannot say any- thing about the basswood yet. The spring is ahead this year in comparison with last year. The fruit-bloom is over, but it did not yield much on account of the rainy weather. Jxo. Roller. Richwood, Wis., May 11. He Thinks they Froze. In reply to Mr. E. T. Abbott's questions on page 283. on the subject of bees freezing to death. I will say that the colony was an extra strong one. and as healthy as I ever saw. for I had noticed them just a few days before, as they came out for a flight. The bees were all over the combs, which were half full on the top edge next to the top- bar. When 1 found them all dead I looked no more, for I said to myself. ■•Frozen to death, for certainly they would have shown some sign of disease ere now." Also, if they had starved, certainly it was not for the lack of honey, and all this honey right under them. 1 don't say I know they froze, but I think they did. J. A. Bearden. Cyruston, Tenn.. May 10. Brighter Apicutural Prospects, The prospect now is for a brighter future in apiculture, if only timely showers come to hand. Bees at this time are on a sound (financial) basis, and every bright day are getting in their work. The apple-bloom made the orchards look like a veritable fairy land, and the bees paid profound re- spect to every blossom. The locust is now bending in mature bloom, and while it will last but two or three days, the busy work- ers make it a glorious holiday from early morn until sun setting. The relationship between apiculture and horticulture is be- ing more and more strengthened. Frankfort, Ohio, May 11. D. A. Cort. Bee-Keeping in Mexico. I have 14 colonies of Italian-hybrid bees. Two years ago I increased them from one colony to 14, and have had in this time '2.50 pounds of honey besides. I sell the white comb honey at '25 cents, and the melted at 15 and 18 cents. I will increase my colonies to 25 this year, it I can. But then it will be hard to find a market for all the honey, be- cause the Mexicans use honey only in sick- ness—only foreign families and a few Mexi- cans will buy comb honey. But this is. I think, because the Indians (the only bee- keepers until now) bringsucb bad and dirty honey to market, that only the druggists buy it, very cheap, and afterward clean it. Honey on the table-land is very cheap. From Tampico they ship it by the ton to New Orleans, mostly. Bees work here all the year around, as well as swarm. I caught a swarm Nov. 2, 16 Years Best ou Earth Sent per mail on receipt I of price. 3 ,1 Circulars and Doz. rates *\ sent on application Doctor, 354 in.. Largest Smoker made. . . $1.75 Conqueror. 3-ini'h stove }'nn Large. 2H-inch stove '2n Plain Standard, 2-inch stove '0 Little Wonder. l\-inch stove 50 Bingham & Uetheriugton Honey-Knife. .80 T. F. BIXGHAM,Abronia, Midi. 16A Mention tlieAmerlcati Bee loumal FAVOR IS DECEITFUL BEAUTY IS VAIN. -New York Oueens- The Beautiful Yellow Bee is aoing. 1 have a Strain of Bees hereafter I shall keep- it is the coming Bee for our Nortern climate, for Longev- ity, White, Perfect Capped ^____^^^^_ Honey, Hardy and Prolific. Queens, $1.00 each. Having two apiaries, can sell the Pure Itnlian Queens at $1.00 each. Mrs. Oliver Cole. Sherburne, Chen. Co , N. Y. 22A5t Please mention the Bee Jounral. TAKE NOTICE! B EFORE placing your orders for SUP- PLIES, write for prices on 1-Piece Bass wood Sections, Bee-Hives, Shipping - Crates Frames, Foundation, Smokers, etc. PAGE & LYOPJ MFG. CO. NEW LONDON, WIS. Mention the A merlcon Bee Journal. Control Your Swarms, Requeen, Etc. Send 25c for sam- ' -^Sples of West's Patent 'SSplral Wire Queen- . SCell Protectors, and 'ujpatent Spiral Queen ''.f Hatching and Intro- ;;■ duclng Cage; & best -t Bee-Escape, with cir- -1 ciilar explaining. 12 §■ ^ Cell-protectors, 60c. ; 100, S3. 12 cages, $1; lOO: $.1, by mail. Cir- cular free. Address. N. D. WEST, Middle- bur^^li, Sclioliarie Co , N. ¥ . Sold also by all leading supply-dealers. 2'-Ao Mention tlie American BeeJounml. BEES & QUEENS Ready iu May. Queens. $1.00. Bees by the Pound, $1.00. Two-frame Nuclei, with Queen $2 50. One-frame, $2.00. Also. Barred P. K. Eggs, for setting. $1.00 per 15. Mrs. A. A. SIMPSON, Box 48, Swarts, Pa. 15A13t Ple.ise mention the Bee Journal. FOR SALE. I have some 35 good Bee-Hives to sell, with all the Frames and Honey-Boxes— some 10 are Heddon Hives, and 6 double 10-frame, balance 8-frame, with stuff for honey-boxes. Smokers, and some Foundation. Bee-Veils, and all the Fixtures for bee-keeping which I will sell for $>.00 per hive, and throw in all the fixtures. Big bargain here. Correspondence solicited. SAMIIEI. CI.ARK, M. »., . 22A2t LAWRENCE, McHenry Co.. ILL. Golden Italian (|ueens. One Untested Queen before June 1st — $1.00 Six •■ " " ■• ... 5.00 One " " after " .... 'o Six " " " •• .... 4.20 One Tested - before " ... I.jO Six " " " " 7.o0 One " " after •' ... 1.00 g^_,f *• ■* ** '• o.OO One Selected Tested for breeding, $3.00. Prlce-LIot Free. W. H. WHITE.^^^ 22A5t DEPORT, Lamar Co.. TEXAS Mention the American Bet Journal 352 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 30, McCALLUM STEEL WHEEL WAGONS at World's Faix. Broadornarrow tires, high or low wheels to fit any skein. Are cliiiiiite- l>roof, wt^iwli leas, run lU'hter sell laater. AVarrantetl 1 for ten year.s | Wheels or axlea made for _ —B^^^.^ wagon ctkUGOL><.kvo * Pickers, also. ^I^jyi^ makers. Liberal Discounts to Agents or first to purchase. McCallum Steel Wheel Wagon Co., Aurora, ZU.,U. S. A. 14Ai;ii Please nientiou the liue Journal. SPECIAL OFFER. For July aud August only. To those who have never tried our slniia of Honey-Gathering Italians, we win make this Special Offer lor July and August only, to introduce our Bees in your locality: We will send one Warranted Queen in J uly and Aug. for the tridlng sum of 50 cts. Reiuciiibi!]-, the Queens we are going to send out for TM cts. are warranted to be purely-mated, and if not. send us a state- ment of the fact and we will send another free of charge. Only one Queen will be sent at the above price to one address. If you want any more you must pay full price a.% per Table of Queens In our Circular, which we mail with each Queen. Address all orders to- Leiiiinger Bros., Fort Jennings, Oliio. 2'^ A5 Aftfnfi'on U\& American Bee Journal- AND LUNG DISEASES, DR. PEIRO, Specialist Offices: 1019, 100 State St., CHICAGO. Hours 9 to 4. Mtnlion the American Bee Journal. THROAT SUPPLIES BEES QUEENS LARGE STOCK. LOW PRICES. Catalogue Free. I. J. STR|]VCHAin, 105 Park Place. NEW YOKK. N. Y. Mention the American Bee Jnunuil. ^. HELLO Had you noticed that we have a bee-journal in the South? Well, we have. Send us Jl. 00 and receive "The Southl.ind QuEEN"one year. Fresh, Practical and Plain, Jennie Atchley begins a Bee-Keepers' School in it June 15. A Steam Bee-Hive Factory. Send for Free Catalogue and Sample Copy of "The Southland Queen." THE JENME ATCHLEV CO. 22Att BEEVILLE, BeeCo., TEX. GOLDEN QUEENS ^^.:^^i.^)iJ^r 60c. Tested. *1 to $:;. Breeders,*:!. Best. *5. Samples of Bees, So. None better for Honey, Beauty and Gentleness. Ready now. Fully guaranteed. I', (i. JKIRROW, VViillacebur!,', Srk, 20A13 Mention the American Bee Journal. PASTE That Will stick ANYTHING. We have finally succeeded in finding a Paste that will stick labels to tin, glass, etc.— just thing bee-keepers have wanted. It will do the business wherever any "stickum " is re- quired. It Is guaranteed to do the work. It is put up ready for Immediate use, in the fol- lowing size packages, and at the prices given, by express: !4-gal., TOc: 1 gal. $1.00; 2,3,4 or 5 gals., 75c. per gal. It weighs about 8 IDs. to the gallon. Sample of Paste, post|iald. 25c. Address all orders to— OE0B.GE W. YOKK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. and the last one Feb. 6, this year, and so on. There is no feeding at all, and no pro- tection from cold. There are some chilly days, and on one of them I had about 100 bees killed by tbe cold, but they had been on a separate comb far from the cluster. Protection is needed in the rainy season, because the rains are so heavy. I put a pice of tin on every hive. When I had only li colonies I got two nice Italian queens and Italianized my colonies with them. And after a time I saw it was not possible to keep them pure, on account of the wild bees around here in tbe mountains. Orizaba is encircled with high mountains very rocky, some only a mile distant. The bees live there in the holes of the rocks, and only with dynamite can you get them out. So I have all hybrids, and am satisfied. Now I have an extractor, and will get plenty of honey, and if I cannot sell it at a good price. I will make honey wine and vinegar. The bees get their food from orange, coffee, and the trees, shrubs and flowers in the mountains, from bananas and some alfalfa. Coffee, banana?, and sugar-cane are the most cultivated plants — we hardly see others. Sometimes the honey-flow is so that the bees fill 3 or 3 frames in one night. You will hardly be- lieve it. but bees never stop to bring in honey except on rainy days. F. BUSSLER. Orizaba, Mexico, April 10. Finding aueens, Etc. If you have trouble in finding a queen, remove the hive to a new location and place an empty hive on the old stand (do this when the bees are flying). In an hour you can generally find the queen without much trouble, as you get rid of nearly all the old bees. After the queen is found, you can return the bees, or do as you see fit. Bees did not winter well in this section. Some lost 50 to SO per cent. I had one swarm this morning.. More are preparing to swarm. E.M.Hayes. Kilbourn City, Wis., May 9. Wintered Poorly — Cool Weather. Bees wintered poorly the past winter, and spring dwindled badly. Many colonies that could cover 4 to 6 frames April 1 can- not cover more than 1 to 3 now. Out of 3S laying queens I have only about a dozen that will be in conuition to gather clover honey, providing there should be a flow from that source. I think, take the country generally, fully 75 percent, of the bees that went into winter quarters are dead to-day. The months of March and April, this year, were cold and dry. I do not think it rained more than three times in the two months, and scarcely any snow fell since February. Tbe latter part of April, how- ever, was all that could be desired by the bee-keeper, except too dry. May, so far, has done better. It has rained three times already, and is raining now; but the weather is very decidedly cooler to what it has been. It has been very warm, several times the mercury running up to 00 de- grees. It is now standing at 53 degrees. The farmers have had a most excellent time to put in their spring crops. Wheat and grass give evidence of being a light crop. A big show for fruit of all kinds, ex- cept peaches — they winter-killed. Kent, Ohio, May 11. L. G. Reed. Bottom vs. Upward Hive-Ventilation. On page 27S appears an article by Dr. A. S. Martin, which is in direct contrast with my experience; and as he seems to be good authority, he will probably throw some more light upon the subject. He says that bees spare neither time nor material to make their hive perfectly close in all its parts, and protests against top ventilation. Now here is my own experi- ence; 38 colonies of bees were put into the cellar Nov. 7, iSDo ; 16 had an empty super under the hive, and were covered with two pieces of old rag carpet; 8 colonies had an K SAVE MONEY ^^lisy^,!^^ ITALIAN QUEENS Foundation at Wholesale Prices. Hives, suited for the South, or SUPP1.IES, send for Prlee-Llst— to J. P. 11. lOAlSt il jA-XJCa-XJSTA., Mention the American Bee JoumoL For Sale or Exchange ! Lot of Miscellaneous Supplies, some new and gome second-hand. Must be disposed of on account of removal. Write for what you want or for list of Goods. Will exchange for team, harness, buggv. or platform wagon, oroffers. F. H. KiCHAKIIKON, loASt I..\('LRDE, Linn Co., MO. Meiition the American Bee Journal. Promptness Is What Counts ! Honey - Jars, Sbipping- Cases, and ev- erything that bee-keepers use. Root's Goods at ICoot's f rices, and tbe best shipping point in the country. Dealer in Honey and Beeswax. Cata- iTrJa'lAve.Walter S. Ponder INDIANAPOLIS, IND. Mention Vic American Bee journal. H. G. Acklin, '^^^^^iS^ Norlliwesteru Agent For The A. I. Root Co.'s Apiarian Supplies Seud for / BEES AND Queens Price-List I For Sale. 2 1 A 1 7 Mention the American Ber JoumaL \Ve can fill your orders for )ovptatI Hives, Sections, foundation, etc., by RETURN uall. Have A.I. Root Co. '8 .noods at their prices. Will save you freifjiil, and get .goods to vou in a few days. JOH\ \EREL * N(li\. llish Hill. Mo. Catiiioffiip Free. 20Atf Mention the American Bee Journals WoodclifF Queens. I will send a Guaranteed 5-Banded Yellow Queen, bred from a Breeder selected from 1000 Queens (some producing over 400 lbs. of honey to the colony); or a 3-Banded Italian Leather-Colored Queen direct from a Breeder imported from Italj'. Oct. '94— at 75c., and a special low price lor a quantity. My secret is to sell an extra-large amount, which enables me to sell at low prices. Will run this spring a.jO Nuclei— have 1 home and 4 out apiaries. Booking Orders Now— will begin shipping about May Ist. No Queens superior to my Strain. ^^ Seud for Descriptive Catalogue and Testimonials, to Wm. a. Selser, Wvncote, Pa. MeffUjion Vic ^m^iruui^i Bee Jo'JimjoX, F^^ For Bee-Hives and Supplies. Catalogue Free ou .Vppllcatloii. W. H. PUXISAM, 21A4t KIVEK FALLS, Pierce Co., WIS, Mentljon tlic American Bee Journal -COMBINATION- SWARffl-CATCHER & DRONE-TRAP. Full Description, nicely iUustratcd. sent free. Alsoour Price-List of Beautil'iil Vellow- Baiidod Bees and Qneeus. If Queens do not give satisfaction, no charge will be made. Our Queen-Rearing experience cevers 35 yrs. Our strains of Golden- Yellow Bees unsur- passed. HEIVKY ALLEY, 19Atf WENHAM. MASS 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 353 Largest Factory iu the West. -COMPLETE STOCK. - Good Supplies and Low Prices— Our Motto. We are here to serve you, and will, if you give us a chance, dataln^'ae Free, Address. Mention this Journal. LEAHY MANUFACTURING CO,, HiGGINSVILLE, MO, California i^^ If you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers. Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading- Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the PaciBc Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated, $2.40 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL, PRESS, 220 Market St.. - SAN FRANCISCO. CAL. BEGINNERS. Beginners should have a copy of the Amateur Bee-Keeper, a 70-page book by Prof. J. W. Rouse. Price 25 cents; if sent by mail. 28o. The little book and the Progressive Bee-Keeper (a live, pro- gressive 28-page monthly journal) one year, 65c. Address any flrst-class dealer, or liEAHY MFG. 00., Higginsville, Mo. APIARIAN SUPPLIES ^J^ll.?^f^Ie. Keeper "—bow to manage bees, etc.— 25 cts. The "Model Coop." for hen and her brood Wyandotte, Langshan and Leghorn Eg-g-s for hatching. Cat. free, but state what you want J. W. KOUSi: & CO., Mexico. Mo. \ BIG DROPS of water has made the vegetation. Now the sun shines — the Honey wells up — the Bees gather it, and every Bee-Keeper should have all needed Supplies at once. Catalogue Free. Thos. G. IVewmaii, ^'l^i^J^txH^:'- ONE-PIECE SECTIONS-CHEAP ! In Order to Reduce Our Sloek, Wc OlTer No.l CREAM SECTIONS -4Hi.x4ii.\7-to-ft. 19i, 178. 1 15-16 and 2 inch : 1000 for $1.50. 5000 at $1.40 per M. 10,000 at$1..3o per M. No.l WHITE SECTIONS — 5!43E6!i-x2, open on two 5^4 sides : 1000 for $2.50. 5000 at $2.35 per M, 10,000 at$;.25perM. Gr. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis. WILLIAMS' Automatic Reversible Honey-Extractor. Perfect In Principle anil Workings. Here is what the veteran bee-keeper. N. B. France, of Platte- ville. Wis , says of it: "l consider the Williams Automatic Reversible E.vtractor head and shoul- ders above any I have ever used; and further- more, consider it the best on the market." 100 Italian Queens. Reared in 1894. We make the readers of the Bee Journal A Special Ofler, in order to have them move off quickly: for the next 30 days we will sell these Queens as follows: One Queen reared in 1894 $ .75 6 Queens •• ■ 4.00 12 •• '■ ■• 7.00 These Queens were reared from fine stock and are right in their prime ; they are a great bargain IS~ For Price-List No. 2, of E.xtractors, Bees and Queens— address. Van Allen & Williams, Barnuiu, Wis. p. S. — We have in one of our bee-yards, a few _.^^.__«,=^ Mismated Queens— to those that want them, 2oc. '- =^^ '""' for one. 5 for $1. Stamps taken for single Queen. Send Express Money Order payable at Bai-num, or P. O. Money Order payable at Boscobel. Wis. empty super under their hives, with a sc- inch pine board sealed tight to the hive; 4 colonies had sealed hive tops and bottoms. Now the result was, the 4 last-named win- tered the poorest, then the second y, and last and best, the 16 covered with two thicknesses of old carpet. My bee-cellar is under my dwelling-house. 14x24x7 feet deep, sand stone wall 1'.^ feet thick; dry and frost proof when banked outside. The cellar has also plenty of top ventilation, and is as pure as a living-room, but the bees in the hives with sealed covers got wet and moldy. Some of my co'onies are so strong that they have 9 frames of Ijrood. and are working in the supers; that is very early for this part of the country. Now for me, the sealed covers have seen their day. I am next going to find out how many thicknesses of carpet are required to produce the same result as the sealed covers. I believe that bees seal their hive up so tight because they are afraid of vermin. I think that is also the reason that they use pitch and gum of trees containing a tur- pentiny smell, as most vermin object to that smell. With me, bees do not seal up a hole or crack through which they can pass. I hope if I am wrong in my opinion I may be set right, but my experience cannot be shaken. August tARTZ. Chippewa Falls, Wis,, May 13. A Beginner's Experience. I commenced the spring of 1S94 with one 8-frame Langstroth hive and a good strong colony. I hived two swarms from the one colony. From the old colony and second swarm I got 40 pounds of good honey in section-boxes. From the first swarm I got nothing, and it was the larger of the two. It cast a swarm, and was left weak, and carried down what honey was stored in the sections. My bees wintered grandly. I built a good stand with shed roof and ends, roof shingled, and with floor about 13 inches from the ground. I set the hives on the floor, and filled all space with dry straw flush with the front end of the hives, and had canvas hung in front of the hives. I could throw the canvas back on the roof on warm days, and let the bees have the sun. Through December. January and February it was very cold, any where from 7 to 1.5 degrees below zero. The stand was on the south side of a building. I had three ply of wool carpet on the honey-boards, turned back one inch at the front end, and the balance of the space filled with straw. Edwaiu) Fletcher. Portland, Maine, May 11. An Experience with Bees. I commenced with one colony in 1866; they were very large black bees, and a large colony. The bees passed over the field where the hands were plowing, and they followed them to the tree where the bees soon went in. In a few minutes we cut the tree down, hived the bees in a tall box-hive, where they remained about a year, then died. The next colony was in 1874, in a box- hive. Then I concluded to increase my stock. I built a shed 13 feet long. 3 feet wide, and 6 feet high, sloping at the top backward. For roof I covered it with one- inch planks, and planked up the back of the shed. The hives rested on a plank 3 inches thick and 20 inches wide. 3 feet from the ground. I also planked up the ends and front of the shed above the hives. Then there was one plank one foot wide with hinges on, to be raised up when I wished to examine the bees. The hives were about 8 inches apart. Two large locust trees IS inches in diameter stand in front of these sheds. The next shed is 14 feet in length, and is tall enough for two rows of hives — one facing southwest, the other northeast — 20 hives in all. h box-hives. 1.5 portico hives, 8 frames, depth from S'.j to 11 inches. About 13 years ago they had increased to 17; Host 13 that winter; the next year in- 354 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 30. creased to 12, and have had some new colo- nies each year tc the present time. Four years ago I caught an Italian swarm which lived two years, and was killed by moths. They crossed with the blacks, and there are hybrids in every col- ony now. They are mostly blacks, and as gentle. I think, as Italians, as good workers, and strong. On Oct. 9, 18'J4, I received an Italian queen reared from an imported mother; I took out a black queen on the 10th, and in- troduced the Italian on the llith, by remov- ing the honey-board and placing cage, wire side down, and (juilt over them ; in five days she was released from the cage by the bees, and received kindly. The moment I placed the cage on the frames the bees com- menced to gather around it. I did not Jar the frames. When I took out the frames to catch the black queen, she ran out in the grass about 4 feet, and about a handful of bees gathered about her as if to protect her. This is the first queen I ever intro- duced, and ray reason was they stored no surplus for me. I thiuk some bees are like some people — too lazy to work any more than they can help. I believe in bees choosing their own queen. My bees remained on the summer stands all winter without any packing. It was a severe winter — coldest days being Jan. 12, 10 degrees below zero; Feb. 8, 10 degrees below, and many days about zero. Bees had flights on Jan. 7. and in February. On Feb. IT they came out with very bad diarrhea, but soon got right again. It was the first disease ever in my apiary. I have had many swarms to come out and go to the woods without any halt. I had hives out on a plank, not covered at all, and all right. I space my frames at the top by ',,' inch No. IS wire nails driven on each side of the frame near the end; top- bar of frame is Ix"^. J. L. Crutcher. Jett, Ky., March 3."). Senveiily rive Cents to the Currency Publishing House, 178 Michigan St., Chicago, III., for a copy of the " Finan- cial School at Farmerville." Everybody is reading it. 22Atf A Cxraiid Kee-$^iiioker is the one offered by W. C. R. Kemp, Orleans, Orange Co., Ind. It has a 3-inch fire-barrel, burns all kinds of fuel, and is simple, efficient and durable. Send 100 cents for a sample smoker, and you will have a rare bargain. Ciitalojai'iies inr INAA have been received at this office from the following: — Thomas G. Newman, Chicago, 111. F. A. Lockhart. Lake George, N. Y. Theodore Bender, Canton, Ohio. H. M. Orr, Selma, Calif. Wool inarkt-tM and Slieep is the name of a weekly publication resulting from the consolidation of two former papers called " Wool and Hide Shipper," of Chicago, and "Wool, Mutton, and Pork," of Minneapolis. It is the intention of the publishers of " W^ool Markets and Sheep," to make it the representative publication of its kind in the country. Its wool market reports can be depended upon as reliable, and the most authentic published, as their representative pays a personal visit to all of the leading wool houses each week in securing the information. It's a great sheep farmer's weekly. Price, Sl.OO. If in- terested, send for tree sample copy to J. Lewis Draper, Manager, 507 Rookery Build- ing, Chicago, III. Wants or Excliaiiges. This department is only for your " Wants " or bona-flde '• E.xchiinges," and such will be inserted here at 10 ceutH a line for each time, when specially ordered into Ibis depart- ment. Exchanges for cash or tor price-lists. or notices otferin? articles for sale, will not be inserted here— such belong in the regular adverlisiug columns, at regular rates. TO EXCHANGE -Buzz-Saw, Shipping-Cases. Lang. Section-Frames with tin separators, for Queens, Honey, or own offer. 22A4t G. M. DEEK. Riga. Mich. COMB FOUNDATION. Wliolesale and Kelail. Quality always the best. Price always lowest. Working Wax iulo Foundation by the lb. a Specialty. I can make it an object for you in any quantity, but offer special induce- ments on straijfht 25 or 50 lb. lots. Or for making large lot of Wax into Foundation. I am furnishing large Dealers, and can also please you. Beestvax taken at all times. Write for Samples aud Prices, to GlIS DITTIHER, AUGUSTA, WIS. Reference— Augusta Bank. 16Att Mention Die American Bee Journal. PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION Has No Sag in Brood-Frames Tlim Flat-Bottom Foundation Has \o Fishbone in the Sorplus Honey. Beln^ the cleanest Is ueually worked the quickest of any Foundation made J. VAN DECJSEN A: SONS, Sole Manufacturers. Sprout Brook MontKomery Co., N. Y. Household Repairing Outfit. This Outflt is a combination of the practical, tried and common-sense tools and materials that will enable anyone with enough ingen- uity to drive a nail, to do his own half- soling, boot, shoe, rubber and harness repairing, right at home. No pegs re- quired. Simple wire clinch nails. Saves time, trouble, ex- pense and vexatious "shoe-maker's bro- ken promises." En lire Outflt. neatly CEMDT boxed, by express, only S2.00. S Or clubbed with the Bee Journal for 1 year— both for $2.60; or given as a Premium for sending us 6 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at $1.00 each. GEORGE W. YOKK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS TiOIST AND LUNQ DISEASES, DR. PEIRO, Specialist Offices: 1019, 100 State St., CHICAGO. Hours 9 to 4. When ANSWERrNG TMrS AOVERTtSEMENT. MENTION THIS JOURNA... VTT T 01X7 TO THE TIP X XaAaAaXJ VV Are the Italii.n (JDceiis that 1 can send Uy return mall at $1.00 each or SIX tor $,i.OO. Not one in 100 will prove mismated. and any that do not produce three- banded Bees will be replaced. Tested Queens after June 15th. same price as above. W. H. PRIDGEI^, 22A5 CHEEK, Warren Co.. N. C. Mention t»w American, Bee JounuiZ Of tbis Jonrual wHo write to any of out advertisers, cither lo ordering, or aslUug abont the Goods ofit!red, will please state that they saw Mie AdTertisentent in this paper. READERS Honey & Beeswax Market Quotations. CHICAGO, III.. May 23. — The trade in comb honey Is very light at this time of the year— as it is between seasons. Soon we will get the new crop, and It will come on a bare market. Just now what little comb sells brings 14c. for the best grades. Extracted. 5H@7c. All good grades of beeswax, 30c. R. A. B. & Co. CHICAGO. 111. Mar. 18.— Demand is good for all grades of honey excepting dark comb. We quote: Fancy comb, 15c. ; No. 1, 14c. Ex- tracted, 5@6Hc. J. A. L. KANSAS CITr. Mo,, May 20.— The demand for comb honey is light, with considerable on the market. Receipts of extracted are light — demaud fair. We quote: No. 1 white comb, 1-lbs., 13@14c. : No. 2, 12@13c.; No. 1 amber, 12(gii:!c.: No. 2, 8@10c. Extracted, 5@7c. Beeswax. 25c. C. C. C. & Co. CINCINNATI, O., May 20.— The market is very quiet. No change since our last. We quote: Choice while comb honey, 12@16c. Extracted, 4@7c. Beeswax is in good demand at 25@.Slc. for good to choice yellow. . C. F. M. & S. PHILADELPHIA. Pa.. May 18. — Comb honey is In poor demiind. Large stores are now waiting for the new crop. Extracted is in fair demand. Beeswax has declined some, but good sales kee[) market from being over- stocked. We quote: Comb honey. 9c. Ex- tracted, 4 H@6c. Beeswax, 29@30c. W. A.S. NEW YORK, N. T.,May 24.— White comb honey is well cleaned up. Considerable buck- wheat remains on the market, and. as the sea- sou is jibout over, some of it will have to be carried over. Extracted is doing fairly well, with plenty of supply to meet the demand. New southern is ai riving quite freely. We quote: Extracted, white, 6@fii4c.; amber, 5 (SiS'^c. Southern, common, 45@50c. per gal- lon: choice. 60@65c. While beeswax holds Arm at 31@32c., we think it has reached top market and do not expectit to go higher. H. B. & S. DonTentlon Motices. KANS.4.S.— There will be a meeting of the Southeastern Kansas Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion, to be held in the city of Ft. Scott, on Thursday. June 6, 1895. Eveiyboly is in- vited and all bee-keepsrs are urged to come. Bronson, Kans. J. C. Balch, Sec. RUDY'S PILE SUPPOSITORY Is guaranteed to cure Piles and Constipation, or money refunded. 50 cents per box. Send two stamps for circular and free Sample to MARTIN HDD Y, Registered Pharmacist, Lan- caster. Pa. No Postals Answered. For sale by all first-class druggists everywhere. Peter Van Schaaek & Sons. Robt. Stevenson & Co., Morrison, Plummer & Co., and Lord, Owen & Co., Wholesiile Agents, Chic;tgo, Ills. Please mention the Bee Journal. NovlS List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers, Most of whom Quote in this Journal. Chicago, Ills. J. A. Lamon. 43 South Water St. R. A. Bdbnett & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New Vorit, N. Y. F. I. Sage & Son, 183 Heade Street. HiLDRETH Bros. & Seoelken. 120 & 122 West Broadway. Cha8. Israel & Bros.. 110 Hudson St. I. J. Sthingham, 105 Park Place. Kansas City, mo. C. C. Clemoms & Co., 423 Walnut St. Buffalo, N.V. BatterSON & Co., 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chas. Dadant & Son. Philadelphia, Pa. Wm. a. Selseb, 10 Vine St. Cincinnati, Ohio. C. F. MuTH & SON. cor. Freeman & Central avB. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 355 E.Kretcl!mer,^^A-S5^a, Sends Free his Ciilalogiie of 72 Illustrated paires; describes Everytlilng; Used In the Apiary : Best Goods at Lowest Prices. Delivered to your Railroad at either Chicago, St. Louis ; Atchison. Kans.; St. Paul, Minn.; DesMoines, Iowa t Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and other places. Capacity, I carload a day. ^Sff~ Write at once for his Catalogue. _^J 8E8 Please Mention the Bee Journal. LARGEST LINE Made in the World. ALL STEEL OR WOOD STEEL IINEU. Perpetual * Large Bale, Steam, Horse & Hand Power- Guaranteed the Best- Write for Catalogue. F-l MOIS BFO. CO., Chlcaso, III. Mention the American Bee Journal, Apl ONSi^ BEE-KEEPERS ! IXHIIOnu -Take Nolice- Bel'ore placing your order lor Supplies write tor my Very Low Pkices on D. T. HIVES. SECTIONS. SMOKERS SHIPPING-CASES AND COMB FOUNDATION. Catalogue Free. 18Etf A. W. S^VAN, Centralla, Kan. Hunt's Foundation Led all others in the Government experiments It exceeded the Given hy Q'A ;, , and all the rest by -4!4. See Sept. Review, 1894, The Largest, Most Comprehensive Catalog of ev- erything needed in the Apiary, Fkee. Cash for Bee.swax. or will make it up in any quan- tity. M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, lUlch. 4Etf Mention the American Bee Journal r-^ r*i r-1 -< [—1 Z^ r—1 pi f { ~ ■ -. ::^^ 1 :::=: -— ^ ^ m ¥■ • t*^'.^'c*^^(5i^^t iii ^ y;^ m ^ S w A Man Can Live Without Air Almost as easily as a wire fence can with- out EliASTlCIXV. If the man was con- fined in an air tiijht room, he would linger along for awhile, oust as a fence does, sup- ported by the trifling aniount of elasticity in soft wire. Then a stimulant applied with a wrench to the end ratchets enables it to give a few more gasps bifoie the final collapse. Our COILED STKEL. WIRE is armed so strong with EI^ASTICITV, its lite is one continual SPRING, and to its owner "De- cembers as pleasant as May", PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO.,Adr!an,Mich. Mention the Aincrwan Dec-inurnni. Globe B^e V^il By mail for One Dollar. Five cross-bars are rlvited In the ^ 'centre at the top. These bend down f and button to studs on a neck-band. The bars are best light spring steel. - The neck-band Is hard spring brass. The netting is white with face-piece ^_^ of black to see through. I It Is easily put together and folds jcompactly in a case. Ix€x7 Inches, I— the whole weighing but 5 ounces. It can be worn over an ordinary hat; fits any head; does not obstruct the vision, and can be worn In bed without discomfort. It Is a boon to any one whotc flies bother, mosquitos bite, or bees sttng. ^T" This Veil we club with the Bee Journal for one year— both for $1.75; or give free as a Premium for sending us 3 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at «i.00 each. GEORGE W. VORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. IMPflRTFR Italian Queens reared this yr.. imrUniCU $3.50 each. Tested Queens— Breeders-$1.50 to $2.00 each. 21A W, C. Frazler* Atlantic, Iowa. WHEN ANSWERING THI8 ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAL. Questiorj'Box. In the multitude of counsellors there is safety.— Prov. 11-14. Tlie Shallow Frames for Comb Honey — Bait Sections. Qnery 973.— 1. Are shallow frames supe- rior to deep ones in the production of comb honey all through tlie season, or ju.st at the beginning- of the flow ? What I mean is this: It has been asserted that the honey interven- ing between the brood and the surplus apart- ments, which the bees have to cross to get above, diminishes the amount of surplus stored. Does this assertion mean that after the bees are once well started above, that this condilion will still eontluue to exert an intiu. euce? 2. In starting the bees to work in the right place, are bait sections too fussy for financial bee-keeping? 3. Is there any other reason than that re- ferred to in 1 for the assertion that shallow frames are better for comb honey ?— Hive- Buyer. Chas. Dadant .fe Son— 1. Yes. 2. No. 3. No. Rev. Emerson T. Abbott— 1. Yes. 2. Yes; no use for them, anyway. 3. Yes. P. H. Elwood — 1. Yes, after bees are bred up, shallow frames will get more box-honey. 2. No. E. France — 1. The standard Lang- stroth frame is good enough. 2. I would use the bait sections if they are clean. J. M. Hambaugh — 1. I think not, though each system has its advocates. 2. They are for me. 3. I don't know. Rev. M. Mahin — 1. I have used frames 9}o inches deep, and 15 inches deep, and I see no difference. 2. No. 3. No. Prof. A. J. Cook — 1. I prefer the shal- low frames. 2. I think so. 3. Yes, you can limit the space easily in the brood- chamber. C. H. Dibbern— 1. To all of the first question, yes. 2. No. 3. Yes, I think there are, but space is too limited here to give all the reasons. Dr. J. P. H. Brown— 1. A frame of the depth of the Langstroth suits ray location the best. 2. It pays to get the bees into the sections as soon as possible. B. Taylor — 1. I do not like a frame more than 10 inches deep for either comb or extracted. I would prefer 8 inches for comb honey. 2. No. 3. No. Allen Pringle — 1. I think the shallow frames are superior to the deep ones in the production of comb honey from be- ginning to end of season. 2. Bait sec- tions pay. 3. Yes. R. L. Taylor — 1. All through the sea- son, yes. 2. Yes. With my bees there is no necessity for them at all. 3. Yes, a relatively larger top surface for the reception of sections. Mrs. L. Harrison — 1. I prefer shallow frames. 2. Bait sections are of value some seasons. 3. There is not so much room for storing honey above the brood, and it must go above. Dr. C. C. Miller — 1. I suspect it refers rather to the starting. 2. I produce comb honey for the money that's in it, and I think it pays me well to fuss with baits. 3. I think other claims are made. W. G. Larrabee— I have never used frames deeper than the Langstroth, but I should think that if this assertion was true at one time it would be true at all times. 2. No. 3. I don't know. Jas. A. Stone — 1. Shallow frames are the best onhj during the whole of the working season — though not for winter- ing, for the reasons that it saves in the distance traveled, and they work stronger when not so high up from brood. 2. I think not. 3. I don't know any. Eugene Secor— 1. Yes, I believe so. If the frames are shallow enough, and a queen-excluder is used, about all the honey can be put in sections, but I do not advocate such practice, because (a) it requires feeding for winter; (b) too much pollen will be put in sections. 2. No. H. D. Cutting— 1. You will find many assertions are not true. You would think so if you will watch a good colony in a honey-flow and see how they man- age things. 2. No, they are a help in many cases. 3. There are many reasons advanced, but no room here to give them. G. M. Doolittle— 1. Not so great as at first, still the more honey there is be- tween the brood and the sections the slower the work in the latter. 2. They who do not use bait sections are work- ing against their own best interests. 3. Give more surplus room immediately over the brood. G. W. Demaree— 1. "Shallow frames" is an indefinite description. We call the Langstroth frame shallow. My bees pre- fer to work above the brood. There is no "meaning" in or about the prattle about bees refusing to go above when there is nectar to be gathered. 2. Partly-filled sections are good starters. 3. " Reason" is generally left out. J. E. Pond— 1. It depends upon what depth is meant by " shallow." A single- frame Langstroth depth I consider far better than any split hive. 2. I use foundation full size in frames and sec- tions. But I think it is altogether " too fussy." 3. Read the text-books. Opin- ions are many and various. The matter has been largely discussed in past years. Wm. M. Barnum- 1. There is but lit- tle truth in the assertion you quote. But, were it true, the depth of frame would not alter conditions in that direc- tion. Our aims should be, first, to afford the queen better accommodations in the brood-rearing business, if that be possi- ble, and at the same time afford easy manipulation. My preference is the Langstroth (shallow) frame ; but " doc- tors " differ. Choose yourself. 2. If the bees are tardy, use "bait." ' 3. Yes. They have been tried, and have been found a success. They are easier of manipulation. »*^««»*^*.>*»*^.»f^ » — -'■>■' — ■. — -- COMB FOUNDATION. Made by Improved Machinery. Get Samples. Here are prices by the pound— just compare. 1 lb. 5 lbs. 10 lbs. 25 lbs. Medhfm'^Brood f*^°- ^OC' 39c. 38c. Light " 44 42 41 40 Thin Surplus 50 47 46 45 Extra-Thin Sur. 55 52 51 50 t^~ If wanted at those prices, send to W. J. Finch, Jr.jSpringfield, 111 When Answering this advertisement, Mention this joumuu ■ 356 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 30, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! Ills always economy to Ituy the besl, espe- rially when the best coBt no more than something- not half so good. OUlt FAL- CON SECTIONS are acknowledg-ed to be superior to any on the market. The same is also true of our HIVES and BEB- KEEPEHS" SUPPLIES, of which we make all modern styles. OUR PKICES • will be found as low as those of any of our competitors, and in many cases low- er, and you are always sure of fiettinp flrst-ciass goods. We also publish THE AMERICAN liEE-KEEPEK, a mouthly magazine (Fifth year) at 50c. a year, in- valuable to beginners. Large illustrated catalogue and price-list free. Address, THEW.T.FALCOmMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. ^g^"«'. HI. nerrlsli. ot East Nottliis- bani, N. H., is our Eastern agent. New England customers may save freight by pur- chasing of him. GOLDEN QUEENS From Texas. K'S„3r..''i','' as wfll as tor Beaiitj" and Gentlenesx. ^^~ Safe arrival and reasonable satisfac- tion guaranteed. Write for Price-List. Untested, Sl.OO— Tested, SI.50. J. D. GIVENS, ^^^,^?^'TEx. 10A26 Mention the Atnerican Bee Journal. I AEISE TO SAY to the readers X of the BEE JOURNAL that I>OOI«lTTl^E has concluded to sell -BEES and QUEEN8- in their season, during 1895, at thefollowtng prices : One Colony of Italians on 9 Gallup frames, in light shipping-box $7 00 Five Colonies '-"^'"^ Ten Colonies 1 untested queen. 6 " queens 12 1 tested Queen... 3 " Queens . 1 select tested queen 2 00 3 " " Queens 5 OC Selecttested queen, previous season's rearing. . 4 Of) Extra Selected for breeding, the vkby best. . 6 00 About a Pound of BBKS in a Two-frame Nucleus, with any Queen, $2.00 extra. ^" Circular free, giving full particulars regard- ing the Bees and each class of Queens. Address 6. M. DOOLITTLE, 12A'25t BOKODINO, Onon. Co., N. Y. 30 00 50 00 1 00 5 50 10 00 tl SO 4 00 MUTH'S HONET EXTBACTOB PERFECTION Cold-Blast Smokers, Square Glass Honey Jars, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son. Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O. Send 10c for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepere. urentlon tlic Aincrlcdii, Bcc Jimntnl.. -SOUTHERN— HomeoItlieHoiieii-Bee Where you can buy Queens, as good as the best— Warranted Purely -Mated, and guaran- teed free from Paralysis. From either an Im- ported or a Straght o-B. or Golden Motlier — 75 cents each: 12 for $7. .50. Tested. $1.00 each; 12forJ0.00. After .Tunc 1st, 50 cents each; 12 forSl.OO; Tested, 75 cents each, 12. $7.50. Good Breeders, $2.00 each; Straight 5-B. or " Faultless" Queens, $2.50 each. Bees, Toe. per lb. Circular Free. Address, IIUFSTEDLER BROS. 10A2C CLAUKSVILLE, TEX. Mention Uie American Uee Jounuu. Abbott's Space. IHig' " I received the hives all right. I am vfell pleased with them. I believe it to be the best hive made. I had no trouble in putting them together; all fit nicely. I did not use a square I am glad that j'ou advised me to get this hive." —Hannibal, Mo., May 13, 1895. ^~ Write tor Circular. EiTiersDn T. Abbott, ST. JOSEPH, MO. Tlie " St. Joe " Hive. IE ST ED QUEENS Are usually sold for $2.00. 1 will e.vplaiu why I wish lu sell a lew ai less than iliat. As most of my readers know. I re-queen my apiary each spring with young queens from the South. This is done to do away with swarminsr. If done early enough it is usually successful. It will be seen that the queens displaced by these young queens are never more than a year old ; in fact, they are Fine. Tested Italian Queens, right in their prime; yet, in order that they may move off quiclily, and thus make room for the untested queens, they will be sold for only ONE DOLLAR. Or I will send the Review for 1895 and one of these Queens for only $1.75. For $2.00 I will send the Review, the Queen and the book "Advanced Bee-Culture." If any prefer the young, laying queens from the South, they can have them instead ot the tested queens, at the same price. A discount on lai-ge orders for untested queens. Say how many are wanted, and a price will be made. Orders can be filled as soon as it is warm enough to handle bees and ship queens with safety. Samples of Review free. Please mention this Journal. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint. Mich. Seventeen Years Ago *«« Dadant's Foundation Was first offered for sale. The following parties keep it in stock and have kept it for years for sale. Why ? Because they want to handle only the best goods, and they say they get the best goods when they buy Dadant's Foundation. ^^^^^ Thomas G. Newman, Chicago, Ills. C. h\ Muth & Son. (.'incinnati, Ohio Chas. H. Green, Waukesha, Wis. Chas. Hertel, Freeburg. Ills. B. Kretchmer. Red Otik. Iowa. Jos. NysewHnder, Des Moines, Iowa. G. B. Lewis Co.. Wiitertown, Wis. James Reynolds Elevator Co., Poughkeepsle. N Y. Pape & L.yon. New liondon. Wis. La. Bee-Keepers' Supply Co.. Donaldsonville, La. E. F. Quigley, Unionville, Mo. G. K. Hubbard. Fort Wavne. Ind. L. Ilanssen, Davenport. Iowa. C Theilmann, Theilmanton, Minn. E. C. Ea^lesfield, Berlin. Wis. Walter 8. Pouder. Indianapolis. Ind E. T. Abbott. St. Joseph. Mo. J. M. Jenkins, Weturapka, Alabama John Key, Bast SaKinaw, Mich. J. W. Bittenbender. Knoxville. Iowa. Viekery Bros.. Bvansville, Ind. Mrs. Jennie Atchley. Beevilte. Texas. Is not such a steady trade a proof of real merit \i\ the ffoods we sell ? We also make a specialty of Veils and Veil Stuffs of best quality. Beeswax Wanted at All Times. Bee-keepers' Supplies, Smokers, .Sections, Tin Pails, etc. Samples of Foun- dation and Tulle FREE with circular. Instructions to beginners with circular. Send us your address. CHAS. DADANT & SON, Mention the Amencan Bee Journal. HAMIliTON, Hancock Co. TLL. Notice ! We beg to announce that we have completed arrangements with the Porters whereby we secure for this country the control of the sale of that very excellent and almost indispensable Implement — f HE PORTER BEE-ESGftPE. It will be manufactured by the Porters, as formerly, but write to us for prices in both large and small quantities. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. 35th Year. CHICAGO, ILL., JUNE 6, 1895. No. 23. Cot)inhuicd /Vrticles> On Important Apiarian Subjects. No. 6.— The Harvesting of Extracted Honey. BT CHA8. DADANT. In running an apiary for extracted honey, there is but little outlay of expense, and that is one reason why it may be produced much cheaper than comb honey. Yet, to succeed be inverted without raising them out, the work proceeds faster. We use a 4-frame extractor, the basket of which is 13 inches wide, so that two half-frames 6 inches deep can be placed side by side on each face of the basket. This gives us room for 8 half-depth frames. The capping-can is also, to us, an indispensable imple- ment. Nothing can well take its place, for the cappings, the pieces of broken combs, must be placed at once where the honey may readily drain out of them, and nothing answers the purpose but the capping-can. This is one of the very few original useful articles to which we lay claim as inventors — 710 patent, however. The capping-can is composed of two cans fitting into each other, the upper one having a wire-cloth "Rose Hill Apiary," at Belleville, III., Mr. E. T. Flanarjan, Proprietor. — See page -164. well, a few implements are necessary. First, an extractor of good quality is needed. We have generally been using the Excelsior, but any good make is satisfactory. We would, however, recommend a 4-frame extractor with stationary basket in preference to a reversible basket. The -A-frame extractor does not occupy any more room than the 2-frame re- versible, and if the cage is so arranged that the frames may bottom, so that the honey drains out of it into the lower reser- voir. In a good season, it is well to have also two or three, or even four, strong tin pans made large enough to receive the supers. These pans are only l}i inches deep, and are in- tended to catch the drippings, if there is any, that may fall from the combs of honey while they are taken out and hand- 358 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 6, led. Two or three robber-cloths (such as Dr. Miller describes in his " Year Among the Bees") made from coarse gunny- sacks, or any sort of coarse cloth with a stick or slat nailed at each end, and which are used to keep the honey-supers out of reach of robbers. A Bingham honey-knife, a smoker, a half dozen home-made brushes of asparagus tops or soft grass, I believe, will complete the outfit. Let me here remark that a brush made of feathers, woolen goods, or other animal material, will not serve the pur- pose as well as a vegetable brush, as the bees evidently recog- nize the difference, for they are not prone to get angry from being rudely treated with a vegetable brush — probably owing to the fact that they are accustomed to hunting for a living among the grasses and the stems of plants, while all connec- tions with animals are to them of a disagreeable nature. But what need have we of brushes ? Have we not the bee-escape? We have had this implement for so short a time tbat we are not yet fully aware of its usefulness. I must say that for our part we were very slow in adopting it, and that. we considered it at first as one of the many catch-pennies with which so many beginners are enticed into spending their money. The bee-escape, however, proved to be more than we had anticipated, and we now have some 200 of them in use. But, in some cases, the bees do not all abandon the supers, and a brush is always useful. We do not usually extract any honey until the crop is at an end. About a week after the cessation of the honey-flow is a good time to begin. On the evening previous to the ex- traction, we put on the bee-escapes. We use the Porter, which has so far with us proven very good. These escapes are fitted into a tight honey-board with a bee-space both above and below, and this is put on by gently smoking the bees, lifting the supers and placing the escape-board between this super and the brood-chamber. The next morning there are but few bees left in any of the boxes. We have seen a few instances when there were no bees left, but this is the ex- ception. There are two or three advantages in putting on a bee- escape. First, you get rid of the greater part of the bees. Then, if there are any brace-combs, or burr-combs, between the super and the brood-apartment, these are all broken, and the bees clean them of whatever leaking honey there may be, quietly and without danger of robbing. There is also a great advantage in not disturbing the colony, since all, or nearly all, the bees have left the super of their own accord. As fast as the supers are removed from the hive, they are placed in one of the tin pans, and each comb removed in turn and transferred to another super, so as to get rid of all the bees that may remain. The supers are then carried, or wheeled, to the honey-room. We use a light wheelbarrow with springs, for which we think we must give credit to Mr. Root. This is a great labor-saving implement when one has to remove some 1,500 to 1,800 pounds of honey in a day. If there is no honey in the fields, the work must be done very carefully, avoiding to leave any of the combs exposed to the reach of robber-bees at any time, and the robber-cloths are very useful to keep the supers thoroughly covered while they are handled and transported to the honey-room. In the honey-room it takes a man with nimble fingers and a dextrous hand to uncap all the honey that two persons can bring him from a well-stocked apiary ; but if he has a quick, watchful assistant, he may be able to uncap combs enough to run out some 1,500 pounds of honey in an ordinary day. There are many combs which are not sealed at all, unless the season has been a very prosperous one, and these are soon dis- posed of. The combs are then fitted back in the supers, to be returned to the bees in the evening, unless the crop of honey is still continuing, when they may be returned to the hives as fast as extracted. But if the returning of the supers, sticky with honey, causes any uproar in the hive, it is much safer to keep all until evening in the honey-room, when, with the help of everybody, the supers may be put back in a very short time, and the bees have all night before them to cleanse them and put them in such shape as to be able to defend them against intruders. We always return the supers to the hives, even if there is no probability of their being again filled that season, because they are in better shape to be preserved through the winter. The combs out of which honey has just been extracted are always more or less dripping with honey, and even if they were only sticky with the sweet nectar they would be apt to attract insects, mice, or to sour, for honey has a strong hygro- raetric properties, and attracts moisture much as salt does; so that, in damp weather, its volume increases when it is ex- posed to the air, and combs, which were only " sticky " when the weather was dry, become actually "leaky" in damp weather. The receptacle in which you place your honey must de- pend to some extent upon the shape in which you expect to market it. If one could tell just in what shape the honey would be sold, it would be best to put it up in that shape at once. But as the retailer may want it in all sizes of packages, from a 60-pound can down to a one-pound bottle, it is gen- erally best to put it up first in large receptacles. The shape of honey-packages, and the care to be given the honey, also the rendering of the cappings, with a consid- eration of the different grades of honey, will be treated in a subsequent article. Should some points lack in clearness in the methods heretofore given, I shall gladly reply to any queries that may be made. Hamilton, III. Dequeeniug — How One Bee- Keeper Does It. BY C. H. CHAPMAN. 'Tis with a sense of mingled " regret, remorse and shame " that I think of my supposed-to-have-been-brief report for 1894, on page 78, as I supposed that all bee-keepers knew full as much, or more, of dequeening than I, and surely more of rearing queens. I have waited long and anxiously for some person of ability to take the matter up and give an article on dequeening, but "how vain a thing is hope !" First, I will say that this mode of management is not my own, but just how or where I caught the idea, or to whom the credit is due, I am unable to say, but I think it is due to Mr. P. H. Elwood, of New York. To prevent an undesirable amount of increase, requiring extra outlay of capital and labor ; to increase the income from what I already have, by keeping my hives, during the short honey harvest allotted me, crowded to the uttermost with bees, I resort to dequeening nearly all colonies. On page 168, Mr. W. W. McNeal wishes to know " about how many colonies figured in the experiment." Ninety colo- nies were dequeened, 10 worked by division, and 12 by nat- ural swarming. I have worked thus for three or four seasons. On page 296, F. L. Thompson gives in brief Mr. Aikin's method of dequeening, in which I think he is somewhat mis- taken in the way Mr. Aikin secures his young queens, for such queens would be poor indeed. 1 wish Mr. Aikin would give us an article on this theme. Now to the work : Get all colonies as strong as possible ; see that all the queens have one wing clipped ; have a goodly number of queen-cages in readiness ; allow the swarm to issue the same as in natural swarming, cage the queen, remove every queen-eel I, let the swarm return, take the very best possible care of the queen, and in seven or eight days again remove every queen-cell, and leave your bees hopelessly queenless for four or five days. This is the key to use every time, for if the queen is returned when the last batch of cells is removed, swarming will be pretty sure to follow in a few days. Hope- less queenlessness seems to cure the swarming-fever. Is it not all plain and simple ? For cages, take old sections, cut a thin board, bore a %- inch hole through it, cover with a button, tack it in one side of the section ; cut wire-cloth 5x6 inches, bend down over the other side, and your cage is done. Now with a small funn^, waxed and sanded inside, you can run in bees at a rapid rate by shaking a lot of bees off a comb on the ground. Set the funnel over them, and through the hole in back of the cage run in 50 or so of bees with the queen ; turn the wire-cover side down, invert and insert a vial of honey fixed so the bees can suck the food, remove to some cool room, and your queen is always ready. Now for the queens : Select such colonies as you wish to rear queens from, and mark them (any way you please). When the swarm issues, let the bees return, lenvliuj all Vie queen-cells ; at your leisure examine to ascertain how many good, large queen-cells you have, form your nuclei, give each a cell, and you will have queens as good as the best. Never give a dequeened colony anything but a good laying queen. To me it is necessary to have all hives numbered, so that a simple, accurate account of everything may be kept. Then with a piece of clean section and pencil ever ready, nothing is left to memory. Perhaps it is well to return the queen to her own. as then she will be less likely to be for an undue time removed and perish. If you have young laying queens use them in place of any queens that do not please you. To re- turn your queens, simply smoke them in at the entrance. If all is not plain, please say whereing it lies, and I wilt try again. Soliciting friendly criticisms, I close. Cohoctah, Mich. [Perhaps Mr. Aikin will describe his method of dequeen- ing, for the benefit of the readers of the American Bee Jour- nal.— Editor.] 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 359 What Dr. Miller Thinks. Foul Brood in Honey. — It seems to me Wm. McEvoy might have confined his whole article to the one statement on page 326, that Dr. Howard received honey from foul-broody colonies " and then with a microscope e.xamined the honey and found the living germs of foul-brood in it." Not that the rest is not interesting reading, but the only way to get away from the belief that foul brood can be carried by robbers is to say that Dr. Howard was mistaken and didn't find foul-brood germs in the honey. That one fact, if left undisputed, can- not be smothered with bushels of theory. Planting for Honey. — Mr. W. H. Morse's encouraging words with regard to planting for honey suggests the thought that bee-keepers can often get their neighbors to do the plant- ing. Although planting linden trees may not bring any im- mediate return in honey, yet when shade trees are to be planted it will be a good deal better for the bees if such trees are planted as will produce honey. Where lindens are not already plenty, it is plainly a gain to have a single tree planted within a mile or two. So. if it will pay me to plant trees on my own land, it surely ought to pay to plant them on my neighbor's laud, for in that case I get my rent free. If I can get him to plant trees that I furnish him free, so much the better. Honey-Locust. — Dr. Brown, on page 330, places honey- locust at the head of the list of mellifluous trees cultivated for ornamental purposes. Does that mean it's better than linden ? Possibly the Doctor thinks linden is not among the trees planted for ornamental purposes, but I'm sure it is in some places, and it's among the finest. Cutting Out Queen-Cells. — A plan is given at the bot- tom of page 330, by Dr. Brown, to prevent second swarms, but there's one trouble about it, as he mentions above, that it's a dilBcut thing always to be sure of getting every cell. Bees are smarter than bee-keepers, and when they undertake to cut out queen-cells they don't miss any. So you can man- age to get them to cut out the cells without missing, and with much less time on the bee-keeper's part. When the prime swarm issues, put it on the old stand, setting the mother col- ony close beside it. In five to seven days remove the mother colony to a new location, and the field-bees will desert it and join the swarm. The depletion and the fact that no honey is coming in discourages any idea of further swarming, and all cells are destroyed after the young queen emerges, or if any are left they are destroyed after emerging. Temperature of Cellar.^Ou page 387, O. E. Douglass tells about his bees going safely through the winter in a cellar with a constant temperature of 58^. According to the gen- eral teaching those bees ought to have gone to brood-rearing and then come out in bad shape in the spring. But is that teaching always correct ? Bees stand for weeks in the fall with the temperature above 50'-, and have no thought of brood-rearing if no honey is to be had. The excellent venti- lation no doubt played an important part in Mr. Douglass' case, and I suspect that the trouble of Mark D. Judkins (same page) may possibly have been want of proper ventilation of the cellar. Double vs. Single Brood-Chamber. — Query 972, on page 339, shows diversity of opinion. There seem a majority who believe more brood will be reared if all the room is on one floor. Very few, however, seem to know anything about it, merely giving their guess in the case, and some frankly say they don't know. Doolittle bases his answer on his ex- perience, and so does Secor — but they reach opposite conclu- sions. I wish Doolittle, Secor, and others, would give us par- ticulars as to their observations. About Swarming. — On page 311, Adrian Getaz hints a desire to have me tell what I don't know about swarming. It would take more than one number of the "Old Reliable " to contain it all, for I have a mass of ignorance on that topic that has been accumulating for years. Just when I'd think I'd found out some one thing about it, the troublesome bees would cut up some caper that would knock my notions all endwise. Friend Getaz remarks : " The Dadants say emphatically that the chief cause of swarming is the lack of room for the queen to deposit her eggs, or for the bees to store their honey." My own experience disproves that. I've had bees take it into their heads to swarm when they had 16 frames, not crowded in any way. And not so very few cases, either. May 28, this year, in spite of the preceding 10 days of such cold weather, I found a colony with a number of queen-cells, having two stories of eight frames each. I think those cells meant swarming. I have entire contidence in the assertion of the Dadants, that they have so little swarming with their large hives, but with just as much room in my hives why should the result be different ? Is it because my bees have two stories instead of one ? But the queen seems to go back and forth from one story to the other, and the colony I just spoke of had brood in 11 frames. I don't seem to know much about it. The opinion that Friend Getaz expresses, that the pres- ence of the queen-cell is the true cause of swarming, seems to be substantiated by the experience some one gave, that insert- ing a sealed queen-cell caused swarming. And yet I had one colony that after being balked several times, swarmed out with only one cell of brood in the hive, and that only an egg. Even supposing the queen-cell is the miscreant that causes so much trouble, the question still remains — what causes the construction of queen-cells ? I don't know. I think Friend Getaz is right in thinking the queen doesn't lead or start the swarm. I had a swarm issue from a hive from which I had removed the queen perhaps an hour pre- viously. If any one knows exactly what it is that makes bees swarm, let him please rise and tell. I don't know. Marengo, III. More " Talking Back " — Hives, Frames, Etc. BY F. L. THOMPSON. On page 237, Gleaner fishes for comments, by those who want 10 or 12 frames an eighth larger in size, on the state- ment that six 16x9 frames with a good queen will be found all that is required to keep a hive well stocked with bees. In the first place, " frames an eighth larger" is something new. I thought it was a fourth. Then, the statement may be admitted without invalidating any claims. The word "hive," and the phrases " good queen " and "well stocked" are so elastic, don't you know ? But without any quibbles, just look this supposition squarely in the face : If nobody had ever used a capacity of more than /our frames, if none of us had experience with any- thing else to look back on, do you suppose that if the capacity question was brought up, that the vast majority would find anything out of the way with the accommodations for their bees ? Fun was poked at Dr. Miller because he said that if small brood-nests were the thing, and eight frames were good, six, according to that reasoning, ought to be better yet. But I believe that his implication (thatsuch reasoning is fallacious) was about right. Mrs. Heater said, in reply to Query 950, "Look at a strong colony clustered on the ordinary frame, and you will see by the shape and size of the cluster, that it is very well adapted to their needs;" and Mr. Demaree said, "Time and use have proven that the Langstroth frame is not too shallow to hurt." I really don't know any reason why I shouldn't look at a strong nucleus, then, on little frames made out of sections, and say that the shape and size of the cluster show that such a frame is very well adapted to their needs; or why it should not be said that time and use has proven that the Bingham frame is not too shallow to hurt. The truth is, bees will look just as contented and happy on one kind of frame, or in one size of hive, as another; they will have brood, and surplus honey, and drones, etc. Most writers on the subject have been delightfully consistent in evading the real point of the discussion, to-wit, that under or- dinary circumstances, in large hives, the average colony at- tains a certain degree of development : that it takes more than one year (not merely one spring's growth) for it to become thoroughly established in this development, which does not depend upon the average queen more than it does on the bees; that the question at issue is, whether it pays better to cut down the bees every year (i. c, use a small chamber) and let them climb up part way again, like a tree that is pruned (and keep a greater number of colonies to make up the difference), or let them attain their development unchecked, trusting to the reserve power accumulated to retain it. It should be distinctly understood that the small brood- chamber is abnormal for an established colony which does not swarm — not perhaps the first year, or even the second — but in the long run. When that is admitted, there is still plenty to be said on both sides. So I haven't the least doubt that those Australian bee-keepers find six frames enough to keep their hives what they call "well stocked." 360 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 6, One thing is certain, the small bee-keeper has been left out of the discussion entirely. To him, a colony is a colony, not a varying fraction of his bees; a hive is a hive, and a queen is a queen. He will get more honey, after the first few years, from 10 large hives than from 10 small ones, and if he ever finds that out, he will not be likely to keep 15 small ones instead. If a single colony in a large hive, after developing in pro- portion to the size of the hive, gathers 75 pounds of surplus when it would have gathered 50 pounds if its development had been kept down by a small hive, then 100 such colonies would sufiBce for a location which would require 150 colonies in small hives to " lick it up." Isn't that just as fair a state- ment as to say, " Why not keep 150 colonies in small hives as well as 100 in large ones '?" It is a poor rule that won't work both ways. Or, if a colony in a large hive requires to be fed 60 pounds during the year, it would not require more than 40 pounds if its development had been kept down by a small hive; but the number of colonies in large hives sufficient to stock a location would collectively use up no more sugar than the number of small colonies requisite for the same purpose. Mr. Davenport, on page 231, argues the matter as if the man who preferred large to small hives would necessarily keep the same number of colonies in both cases ; bnt if his arguments are scrutinized closely, they will be found to con- tribute but little to the small hive side of the question, but rather to the proposition, " It is six of the one, and a half- dozen of the other.'' The only statement he makes which seems to give a positive advantage to the small hives is," "■With big hives, where no feeding is done, the season is often an entire failure." But it is not unlikely that a considerable percentage (enough to account for the word "often") of the big hives referred to contained colonies in the first or second year of their existence, which were further embarrassed by being in an apiary of just as many colonies as would be needed for the locality if they were all in small hives. Certainly, it i.s hard to imagine why a fixed proportion of bees to hive capacity, and never a total too great for the locality, should not produce the same results when the total working force is the same. In fact, if the proportion was in- variably maintained, the presumption would be in favor of larger and fewer colonies, for comb honey at least. Mr. Hutchinson makes, or rather hints at, the same point in the April Review, by saying: "If a man having an apiary of 10-frame hives should change them for S-frame hives he would thereby increase the egg-producing factor (the queens) one-fourth, and the probabilities are that instead of having less bees, there would be an actual gain." To increase the egg-producing factor one-fourth, while maintaining in theory the same number of eggs, is of course neither a loss nor a gain (if queens, and extra hives and labor, are supposed to cost nothing). Why should there be an actual gain in practice ? Is the question. Apparently because the proportion of bees to hive capacity is not as invariably upheld in large hives as in small ones. May not this be due to the large portion of partially-developed colonies, when swarming is allowed ? I wonder if we have not been at fault in including the records of swarms of the previous year, in getting at the capacity of that "average Italian queen " before the flow. And right there is where Dr. Miller's point comes in again. If the queen in an 8-frame hive comes nearer to fill- ing up the 8 frames with brood than she would 10 frames, the probabilities are that she would crowd 6 frames still closer ; and, if we only leave out the one item of warmth, she might run 4 frames a little closer yet. Very well, then ; from that point of view, perhaps Scylla and Charybdis are wider apart than we thought — perhaps arrested development, com- bined with a too flat chamber, was what made the just medium halt at 8 frames— if the 6-frame is not Scylla, perhaps the 10-frame is not Charybdis — and one more reason for doing away with swarming. In other words, the next thing in order is contributions detailing observed facts relating to the maintenance or non- maintenance of the proper proportion of population of estab- lished colonies in big hives ; and, as there is a scarcity of data on that point (so few really large hives in the country), perhaps it would be well to not regard the small-hive testi- mony as overwhelming just yet. To put it still more con- cretely, is there a larger percentage of colonies which, after living in big hives three or four years, only about two-thirds fill the hive with bees, than there is of such colonies in small hives ? If disputants would fight it out on that line (with due re- gard for locality), instead of wasting powder on questions like, "Are eight Laugstroth frames enough for the average queen ?" it would be more to the purpose. Much depends upon the statement of issues. Experience is useless unless rightly interpreted. Is IT AN Objection? — On page 239, Mr. W. C. Frazier says the most serious objection to thellH-inch depth for a comb is that it breaks and melts down easily. How serious the objection is he does not say. But it may be doubted whether "serious" properly describes the objection, when the Dadant frame is in common use in Italy (a warm country), Prance, and Switzerland, often unwired, and we hear nothing of complaints on that score. The Ends of the Frames. — On page 101, Mr. Abbott says : "The place for the ends of the frames is inside the box that forms the brood-chamber." As there is a hive with pro- jecting frame-ends on the market, to which not one of the objections applies which he gives, it would seem that that statement ought not to be made a general one. Patent Hives. — Just at the close of the moth-trap era. and other contrivances alluded to by Quinby in his book, it might have been " pretty generally understood that all patent hives are humbugs" (see page 151). But the world has moved since then. Colorado Winters. — Mr. Abbott is quite right in doubt- ing the " mildness " of Colorado winters, on page 90. The word "mild" requires too much careful explanation after people get here. Colorado Alfalfa Region. — On page 183, "the alfalfa regions of Colorado " as a place to produce honey should not be understood to mean about Denver, or anywhere where there are plenty of bee-keepers already. There is consider- able complaint of overstocking. The Divisible Brood-Chamber. — On page 229, if it had been shown that no more brood is produced in the divisible brood-chamber hive than in others of the same depth ; and that it does no particular good to eliminate the strip of honey intervening between brood and sections ; and that other hives can be handled with no more work, this hive would have been killed a good deal " deader." Arvada, Colo. Results of Experiments ia Winteriag Bees. BY HON. R. L. TAYLOR. The last mentioned experiment is of more than ordinary interest and importance on account of the fact that the ablest and most experienced bee-keepers are divided in their opinions as to the chief cause of the dysenteric ailment brought on dur- ing confinement in winter; one party attributing it to im- proper food, and another to super-abundant moisture. The colonies selected for the experiment were taken indifferently from the apiary and did not differ greatly from the others either in quality of their stores, or in their numerical strength, except that it would have been difficult to have found another colony in the apiary as weak as No. 1, unless it might be among the four or five abnormal colonies. I have already alluded to the use of a hygrometer in the bee-cellar during the winter to determine the degree of mois- ture in the air, and it should be said in addition that it showed almost uniformly a difference of one-half a degree between the dry-bulb and the wet-bulb at a temperature of 43-' to 45° (which was generally that of the cellar), indicating that the percentage of saturation was about 96, lacking only about 4 per cent, of complete saturation. In the case of thecolonies under consideration no effort was made to determine the degree of saturation of the air im- mediately surrounding them by the use of an instrument, the advisability of that course not having been suggested early enough to allow suitable arrangements to be made for that purpose, but all the indications were that the saturation of the air was complete. The cover used for the top hive was a flat board several inches wider and longer than the hives, purposely chosen of that size that it might serve to hold the wet sheet free from the hives. It was raised a little from the hiye by the inser- tion of thin strips, and it was found on the removal of the sheet on April 8, to be loaded as heavily as possible on its un- der side with great drops of water which fairly poured off when one edge of the cover was raised a little. The covers of No. 3 and No. 5, which were also raised 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 361 from the hives to give upward ventilation, were in like man- ner loaded with water, to an equal extent, indeed, with those of Nos. 2 and 4 which covered their hives tightly so as to prevent all upward ventilation. The upper surface of the cover to No. 5 was partly covered with a jelly-like substance having the appearance of the "mother" of vinegar. The in- side of the hives were very damp, and in places so wet that water trickled down. The combs were damp, and to a consid- erable exteut moldy outside of the cluster. These hives were all the " New Heddon," of two sections each. It is necessary here to explain that the bees in the cellar referred to have wintered exceptionally well. Out of a little less than 150 colonies, the loss has been only five, and the loss of these is explained by queenlessness undiscovered in the fall, or by other abnormality of condition, so that it may be aftirmed that they wintered almost perfectly, as almost all rate from strong to very strong in numbers, and as to health they are in excellent condition almost without exception, and yet the hives of a large portion of them — I estimate from one- third to one-half — show more or less of what might be taken to be the characteristic marks of dysentery, but these are always the outside the cluster, and generally outside the hive. It may be that this is an indication of incipient dysentery, or diarrhea, as it is perhaps more generally called. But I think it will not be questioned that it is the reLcnllon of the feces that causes the disease whose effects are to be dreaded, so I prefer to think that when the temperature is such that the bees willingly go outside the hive to respond to the call of nature, they thereby escape even the incipient stages of the dreaded disease even though the other conditions are such that they cannot safely take wing. In other words, flight is not necessarily essential to a sanitary condition. Every observant bee-keeper of experience has noticed, when the sun suddenly breaks out about the first of June, after a storm that has kept the bees confined two or three days, and the bees rush out, how they may be seen on all sides sitting on the leaves of the shrubs and bushes, at the same time voiding their feces. But this has never been taken for signs of disease. This, however, is not the real question at issue, but what I have said, taken with what is to appear further on, will en- able the reader to form a judgment as to how the five colonies in question wintered in comparison with those deprived of the luxury of a wet-sheet envelope. The real question is whether the necessity for the voiding of the feces is caused by the high percentage of moisture in the atmosphere, or by something else. Although in the present case it is claimed there was only little if any of the disease known as dysentery present, still it may be granted that had the conditions been such that the bees would have felt compelled to retain their feces in- definitely, the disease would doubtless have been induced thereby. It will be found difBcult, if not impossible, I think, to find any indication that the conditions within the wet sheet were more favorable to the development of the disease than those outside of it. However, since the relative humidity of the air outside is so high that it may with much show of reason be claimed that the total possible difference between that outside and that inside the sheet is not sulBcient to warrant an ex- pectation of any great difference in results. To meet such a case it may be of use to compare the results of the past winter with those reached in wintering bees in the same cellar during other years. It can hardly be said that the relative humidity of the air in a given cellar kept under like conditions is a very variable quality, taking one year with another, and certainly the humidity of the air in the cellar in question could hardly have been greater during the past winter than during previous winters, for not within the memory of the living has the ground in this part of Michigan been so dry during the winter season as it has during the past winter; nevertheless, never during the eight seasons which have seen this cellar in use, have the evidences of the approach of the danger of undue accumulation of feces been more generally seen, although in two or three years many times the damage was done, for though the cases were comparatively few, the real disease had been induced by undue retention. As the result of another winter's campaign, out of almost 200 colonies, at most but one colony showed any sign of the trouble. This question suggests itself : Which is the more likely, that the humidity of the air in the cellar, or the quality of the stores possessed by the bees, varied from one year to another? I now give a detailed statement of the condition of the five colonies in tabulated form, upon their removal from the cellar on April 8, together with the weight of each when placed in the cellar on Nov. 22 : Wpitjhl Weicht Lnn Fall.lln. ISpTiDe.llw In..' 13W Sit nrjDO none Bomo Diuch Sparine kjtaniliue T,: I much vory much | Little requires to be said here by way of explanation, and I need only state that the bees of No. 5 voided much excre- ment on the front of their hive when removed from the cellar, which the others did not do ; and that while I give in one col- umn the number of comb-spaces occupied by the bees as an indication of strength, I have added another to rectify the other to some extent based on 1 to 10 — 1 meaning weakest, 5 what would be deemed of average strength, and 10 the strongest. — Bee-Keepers' Review. Lapeer, Mich., April 19, 1S95. CONDUCTED BY Re\'. Emerson T. Jlbbott, St. Joseph, JJo. HiTing: S'warnis. — "Dr. Dubini not only makes a practice of hiving the swarm on the old stand, and removing the old colony to a new one, but also sets the old colony on the stand of another strong colony which has not swarmed, re- moving the latter." — Notes from Foreign Journals, in Review. This mode of procedure is a little peculiar, and somewhat out of the regular order. I wish Mr. Thompson would give us the Doctor's reason for the last move, if he can do so. I al- ways move the old colony to a new stand, but do not under- stand exactly why it is placed on the stand of a strong colony and this removed. Will this not cause the old colony to send out another swarm as soon as a queen is hatched out ? or does the Doctor cut out all of the cells and introduce a laying queen at once, and thus have two colonies instead of one working with all the vigor and seeming enthusiasm of a new swarm ? HO'W is This for Candy? — "A correspondent winters his bees successfully by kneading four parts of pow- dered sugar with one of warm honey, spreading with a rolling- pin, and placing the cake on the frames over the cluster." — Quotation from a French Journal. Michigan, and the people who live in climates where a sugar cake will never do, will please take notice. The only fears I would have about this mixture is that it would prove too "soft." If it does not, it will fill the bill at " plenty of food of the right kind in the right place." Honey as a Preventive of Diplitlieria.— "Dr. W. L. Smith, of Glanford, Out., writes to say that he has observed that where honey has been freely used as an article of diet, cases of diphtheria have not been met with." — King's Medical Prescriptions. I do not want to steal Dr. Peiro's thunder, but will add that a little powdered sulphur mixed with extracted honey until it forms a thick paste, and taken in teaspoon doses, will be found good for a great many of the ailments of children. Keep them out of the rain and damp while they are taking the mixture. .*—-* Another Cure for Stings.— "A man was stung above the eye and the part was badly swollen. A lotion of potassium permanganate (0 grains to 1 ounce of water) was applied ; in five minutes the pain ceased, and in six hours the swelling had subsided." — D;-. Hobbs, as quoted by Druggists' Circular. This note speaks for itself, and needs no comment. I have not tried it, as I seldom pay any attention to a sting be- yond the immediate removal of the stinger by a scraping movement of the finger-nail. Piumber of Plants. — "Professor Saceardo calcu- lates the number of species of plants at present known as 173,706, distributed as follows : Flowering plants, 105,231; ferns, 4,609 2,819; other vascular cryptogams, o65 ; mosses, ; hepaticse, 3,041; lichens, 5,600; fungi, 39,603; 362 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 6, algic, 12,178. Professor Saccardo thinks that the total num- ber of existing species of fungi may amount to 250,000, and of all other plants to 135,000." — Druggists' Circular. What a field for study is here presented ! Who can tell how many out of the 105,231 flowering plants secrete nectar or furnish an abundance of pollen for the bees? It would also be interesting to know just what proportion of them de- pend upon some kind of insects for perfect pollination. Conducted by " BEE-AIA.STER." New Breed§ of Bees. The earth has been ransacked from pole to pole for new races of bees, but it is extremely doubtful if any improve- ment will be made on the varieties we now have, except by judicious breeding and crossing. Perhaps it may be possible to fix a strain that will combine the best qualities of all known varieties, and it is in that direction the efforts of queen- breeders should lead. It may be with bees as with cattle, and a certain standard of excellence when it is reached may prove to be the highest that can be attained. Absolute perfection cannot be looked for in this world. The most we can hope to do is to approximate the desired, but after all, inaccessible goal. M-^-*' Tlic Eisiit-Fraiiic Hire. There has been, as we all know, a well nigh interminable discussion in regard to the respective merits of large and small hives, but for a convincing plea in favor of the 8-frame hive, commend me to Mr. C. Davenport's article in Gleanings for May 15, with all of which I thoroughly agree, except the preference expressed for the Hoffman frame, the objection to which seems to me to be, the awkwardness of having to use a follower. But Ibis awkwardness may be owing to my stu- pidity. I think Editor York would do his readers a good turn by scissorizing so much of that article as relates to the S- frame hive. [I will try to give soon the portion of Mr. Davenport's article referred to by Bee-Master. — Editor.] All Unwelcome California Echo. Among California echoes by Rambler in Gleanings of May 15 is this one : "Messrs. Gemmill and Alpaugh, of Canada, made a host of friends while here. We should like to annex them to Cali- fornia. It would lengthen their days of usefulness, and give us two more live bee-keepers." Rambler, " Thou shalt not covet." These men are two of the best bee-keepers in Canadian beedom. We can't spare them. They can live just as long here in Canada, if they do not work too hard, and if each of them will persist in doing the work of two men, they won't be long-lived even in the an- gelic climate of California. Can't you make some more live bee-keepers for yourselves, without coaxing away any of the comparatively few we have over here? If you get Gemmill away from us, alas for the prospect of our having any more " honey-bee concerts." If we should ever have another, after losing him, the old Scotch song — " Will ye no' come back again ?" — would be in order, and every bee-keeper would join in the refrain. -<-.-»^ How One Colony Acted. I think I narrowly escaped having the earliest swarm in all my experience as a bee-keeper. For two or three days prior to the cold snap which befell us May 11 and 12, a very populous colony began to hang out in clusters, causing me to say to myself, "Those bees are getting ready to swarm." The drop in the mercury from 90^ to 2-1^ drove them all in-doors, and the continuous cold must have made them form the win- ter cluster over again, for hardly a bee showed face at the threshold for more than a week. The first really warm day was May 22. Partly out of curiosity, and partly to ensure myself against all risk of their swarming in my absence, I gave the colony a thorough exam- ination. It was crowded, I had almost said, to suffocation. Preparations had been made for swarming, but the cold snap had caused the idea to be abandoned. Several queen-cells of recent construction were to be seen, but they had been cut down, and not one had a living occupant. A recurrence of the intense heat would cause the bees to swarm in the absence of all preparations. I knew this quite well from past experi- ence. The honey harvest was more than ever in the distance through the nipping of the fruit-blossoms. I could not relieve the crowding by putting on sections, and yet I did not want to weaken the colony, for here was a force of workers just ready to make things hum as soon as there was a honey-flow. So I took out one frame of pretty well advanced brood, and gave it to a much weaker colony, putting in place of the re- moved frame of brood, a frame of brood-foundation. I won- der if this was the best thing to do under the circumstances. It seems to me this is a case worthy of being discussed by some of our experts. If that swarm had issued the last day of the hot spell, it must have been fed or it would have starved, for I have said, there was no flying for more than a week, and if there had been there was no honey to gather. I calculate that as soon as settled warm weather comes again — if it ever does ! — those bees will prepare to swarm, and when the queen-celis approach the stage of ripeness, I shall divide the colony. Now here is a case in which prevention of swarming is only possible by removing part of the bees. It is plain as daylight to me that you cannot make hard and fast rules, or get up an automatic apiary that will run itself in the matter of swarming, without a presiding human mind to reg- ulate things. I have made a prediction as to what will happen if warm weather ever comes again. This is May 27, and not a bee pokes its nose outside the hive ! So one can hardly help querying whether warm weather will ever come back to us. It seems pretty certain that if the present season's character continues to be one of extremes as it has been thus far, it will develop some new conditions which will necessitate a revisal of our theories about swarming, and possibly other things in practical bee-keeping. CONDUCTED BV OH. C. C. JitELLER, MAREXGO, ILE. [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct.! A Free Advertisement. This is to advertise that I'm not in the supply business, nor in the queen-business, so don't write asking me for prices or catalogues. All I have to dispose of is answers to ques- tions, and I run out of sorts in that department sometimes, so that I have to scratch around lively to find an answer that will fit some of the questions that are sent in. While I'm at it, I'll mention another thing : Please don't ask me to send answers by mail. If you knew how busy I am, you would hardly ask it. Besides, it is hardly fair to the pub- lishers and the readers of this journal, for they pay for all the information to be had, and if I should answer all letters by mail, the other readers would have no benefit from it. Just one more thing : Be sure to say whether you want an answer to your question in the American Bee Journal, or where. Now send on your questions. C. C. Miller. Cutting Out Queen-Cells to Prevent Swarming. Enclosed please find a weed. I should like very much to know what it is. The whole country here is literally car- peted with it, and bees are very busy working on it. It smells very sweet when in large quantities. 1. Mr. Adrian Getaz says on page 311, that "the pres- ence of queen-cells is the true cause of swarming." There- fore, could not swarming be kept out of the minds of the bees by cutting out every queen-cell in its incipiency, every day, or would this work evil and havoc ? 2. I have one colony with so many bees in it that they seem hardly to be able to get in all together at night. The combs are jam full of brood and honey, and the tops and out- side ends of the frames being sealed, I have put supers for 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 363 comb honey in the upper story, and although there is not as yet a sign of a queen-cell in the hive — and hardly any room for one — the bees will not go " upstairs." I have put in three sections containing drawn-out comb, but no honey (I have no comb with honey, such not being my lot last year), but they still refuse. What would you advise ? I am in hopes this colony will not swarm for a good while yet. They are 3- bands and 5-bands, but are truly possessed of an e.Ktremely evil spirit. They will hardly let me come within 30 feet of the hive, which stands near a gate, and they ought to be used to the " traffic." Once or twice I have been forced to sprinkle a little tobacco in the fuel in my smoker. My other Italians are very gentle. 3. Honey is coming in plentifully now. I was out in the country the other day, and learned a " kink " (?) from an old fossil bee-keeper. He says : " My experience shows me that it is a great mistake to let the bees have much honey to go into the winter on. It makes them lazy, and I want my colo- nies with not more than a handful each at the beginning of spring, so that they will not swarm, and will be in better con- dition in summer and fall to 'make" honey." How is that for orthodox doctrine ? I tried to argue that he should have all the bees possible for fruit-bloom, and from then on we have almost a continuous flow from wild flowers, mesquite, catclaw, sumac, cotton, etc. D. R. Abilene, Tex., May 24. Answers. — It's hardly worth while to send plants to me. I'm not much of a botanist, and at best I am only familiar with the honey-plants that grow in my own neighborhood. 1. That's been tried over and over again. Sometimes it works, but oftener it doesn't make much difference. Looking closer at your question, I see you talk of cutting out queen- cells every day. I'm not sure whether any one has tried daily cutting out, but the remedy would be worse than the disease. For it isn't the work of a minute to cut out all in- cipient queen-cells, and the best you can do you will sometimes miss them. Still, if you made It a daily .iob, I hardly think a careful operator would let any of them go to maturity. But if you care to try the experiment, I think yon will not And it " work evil and havoc." 2. I wish I was near enough to look into that hive. There must be something peculiar about the case if they are bring- ing in plenty of honey, are crowded in the brood-nest, and re- fuse to enter sections having drawn combs. Of course they have free access to the super. Cut out a piece of drone-brood and put in a section. If that doesn't "fetch" them, they're bewitched. When I have bees as cross as you tell about, there's a death in that family, and a new queen introduced. 3. I've sometimes gone on the principle your friend does, and had colonies iu the spring with so few bees there was no danger of their being lazy, and they might have done great things if they hadn't " up and died." Introducing Clipped Queens. Would a young laying queen be accepted as readily by the bees if her wings were clipped before introducing ? It is very difficult for me to find queens in a hive of bees, and I propose to ask the sender of the queen to clip her before caging, if it will do as well. C. J. W. Answer. — I've introduced hundreds of queens with their wings clipped — in fact, I'm not sure that I ever introduced a ■queen with whole wings. I don't think the bees pay much attention to the dress their mother wears. Manag-ement During S warming-Time. 1. I have as many bees as I want. If I place a queen- trap on the hive, so arranged that the queen can return to the hive from the trap, and leave the trap on until they stop swarming, what will be the result? Will I get any surplus '? 2. Twelve colonies out of 14 in 10-frame hives have swarmed this season, and only one out of 26 in 8-frame hives. Is not that rather unusual? I suppose the colonies in the large hives had more surplus left over, and built up more rapidly. F. T. B. Answers. — 1. Yes, you'd get some honey, but very likely you'd get your bees in bad condition. For somehow (and I'm whispering this to you, for others may not believe it), when young queens are hatched out, and bees have the swarming- fever, the young queens seem to get through the excluder zinc. Then they take French leave with a swarm. At least they did so for me. In some cases it worked all right. I be- lieve it might be well, however, for you to try it on a small scale. But you'll have to keep track of them in some way, and take away the trap soon enough for the young queen to be fecundated, for the old queen will be killed, and all the young queens but one. Perhaps a month after the first at- tempt to swarm will be time to take off the trap. 2. Your colonies in 10-frame hives swarming more than those in the S-frame is decidedly unusual. Transferred Colony Deserting the Hive. I transferred 5 colonies of black bees on April 22, the old fashion way, from a box-hive to a Langstroth hive. I gave them all their brood and straight comb, and the day after I transferred the colony they left the hive, brood and all. I did not see them go, and have not seen them since. Can you • tell me why they left ? J. J. B. Olympia, Wash. Answer. — I don't remember that I ever heard of such a case, and am at a loss to know the cause. If any one has the right explanation I'm ready to yield the floor. Some faint guesses suggest themselves, but I think it's safer to say "I don't know." ^m — ' — ^ What to Do With Unfinished Sections. As I will have several hundred unfinished sections vary- ing from starters ?iot started to half full of (dry) comb, all nice and white, will it pay me to keep them for another sea- son ? If so, give the best way to keep them. Or would it be better to cut out the comb and sell the wax, and get new sec- tions and foundation next year ? J. B. G. Answer. — If they're nice and white, I'd use them this year all I could, and keep the rest for next year. There's no trick in keeping them. Keep them In a dry place. Moths are not likely to trouble them as they do old brood-combs, and if you do not care to keep them in some moth-proof box or closet, just take a look at them now and then, and if you find the worms have made any start in them, brimstone them. Feeding a New Swarm. A swarm issues and is hived. The next day a cold rain sets in. How long would it be safe to let it remain without feeding ? F. T. B. Answer. — I don't know. Some swarms carry more honey with them than others. It might be safe to let them remain three, four or more days, but I'm sure it would be safe to feed them within 24 hours. Wants Information About Carniolan Bees. Please give a short description of the Carniolan bees. I would like to know whether my bees are pure stock, or hybrid ; and also whether the Carniolan is a distinct race, or if it is a branch of the Italian or black. Are Carniolans as easy to handle as Italians ? Toronto. Answer. — I don't know enough to give a description of Carniolans by which you can decide whether your bees are pure or not, for I have heard breeders of Carniolans them- selves say they could not tell them for sure by their looks. Neither will I risk getting a hornets' nest about my ears by trying to decide which Is the original race of bees. As to whether Carniolans are easy to handle, that's a hard question, too. In the first place, they had the reputation of being the gentlest of all bees to handle, but later some report them as vicious. It is possible that Impurity may have some- thing to do with the case, for certainly there has been much testimony as to their gentleness. Will the editor please ask Rev. E. T. Abbott to give the desired description? [As Mr. Abbott said on page 302, " I think it Is just as easy to tell a Carniolan bee from a black as it is to tell a horse from a mule," no doubt he will furnish the "description" asked for, and in a satisfactory way. He has the invitation and opportunity, at least. — Editor.] 364 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 6, f^^^^\^ OLDEST BEE-PAPER „^„,„,C;,^^^^ C»eori»-o \l'. Vor/f, - - Editor. PUDLISBED WEEKLY BY GEORGE W, YORK & COMPANY, 56 fifth Avenue, - CHICAGO, ILT^. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. [Entered at the Post-Offlce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter.] VoLfflV, CHICAGO, ILL, JONE 6, 1895, No. 23, Editorial Budget* Sweet !^IontIi of Roses— June. Then let us, one and all, be contented with our lot ; The June is here this morning, and the sun is shinin' hot. Oh ! let us fill our hearts up with the glory of the day. And banish ev'ry doubt and care and sorrow far away! Whatever be our station, with Providence fer guide, Such fine circumstances ort to make us satisfied; , Fer the world is full of roses, and the roses full of dew, And the dew is full of heavenly love that drips fer me and you. — James Whitcomb Riley. A Ne'w Smoker, Zaebringer's, is described in Ger- man bee-journals. It's nothing more nor less than an atom- izer, or sprayer, with a big rubber 'ball. But it's well spoken of. So says a " straw " in Gleanings. A Recent Act of the Michigan legislature makes it an offense punishable by a fine of $50, or 90 days in jail, for maintaining a hive of bees on your premises, in that State, within 90 feet of the highway. So says the Michigan Farmer, published in Detroit. *—* Carriage Decorated with Honey-Sage.— A California correspondent reports that among the variously decorated carriages and other vehicles in the floral carnival in Santa Barbara, in April, was one covered with honey-sage of the southern portion of the State. The long, slender stalks of the plant, with the leaves and flowers, made a very pretty and novel sight. It did not look so gorgeous as many of the rigs covered with gay-colored roses, geraniums, carnations, and the like, but (as did one of the rigs that was decorated with California wild mustard) it made one of the striking features of the show. It was not learned whether the rig was that of a bee-keeper, but it was supposed it was not, as it was a bet- ter one than most bee-keepers are able to sport. At least, that was the " impression " of the correspondent. A Cure for Bee-Paralysis.— There have been given out so many so-called " cures " for bee-paralysis, that 1 almost hesitate to publish another. But the one I received on May 28 comes from such a well-known and extensive firm of bee-keepers that I feel warranted in giving it a conspicuous place in these columns. It is from Messrs. Alderman & Roberts, of Wewahitchka, Fla., who have had within the past two or three years, 1,300 colonies of bees in their apiaries. Hence they doubtless have given their proposed cure for bee- paralysis a thorough trial, and know whereof they aflSrra. I trust others, who may be so unfortunate as to have the dis- ease in their apiaries, will follow the directions carefully, and then report results. The letter giving the ingredients of the remedy and its application, reads thus : , Wewahitchka, Fla., May 22, 1895. Editor American Bee Journal — Dear Sir : — We have many times in the last 20 years been benefited by recipes from our brother bee-keepers, so we want to reciprocate. ISe- low is a remedy for the hce-paralysi.><. It has been troubling our bees now for three years. This cures it : Take one quart of warm water, dissolve in it two tea- spoonfuls of salt and two teaspoonfuls of cooking soda. Add a tablespoonful of cider-vinegar. To this add a quart of honey, or syrup (heavy) made of sugar. Agitate it thoroughly with a spray pump, and spray the entire colony. When the disease is very stubborn, add two drops of car- bolic acid to the above. We will have about one-third of a crop of honey this year. Yours truly. Alderman & Roberts. You Don't Take the Bee Journal? It must be because you've never thought what a help it would be to you in yo\ir work with the bees. For only a short time we are offering the American Bee Journal for 10 weeks for 10 cents to any one not now a subscriber. Better send on your dime (in stamps or silver) at once, and take advantage of this liberal offer. Then later on we should be glad to have you subscribe for a year, and also get the 160-page book — " Bees and Honey " — free as a premium. Every new subscriber who sends us $1.00 for a year's subscription is entitled to this book free. But you can take the 10-cent trial trip first, if you prefer. S'weet Clover (Melilotus), Prof. S. M. Tracy, Direc- tor of the Mississippi Experiment Station, says is " one of the very few plants which are able to draw their supply of nitro- gen from the air ; and hence by and through its biennial de- cay it furnishes the most valuable and most expensive factor in commercial fertilizers free of cost, and the best form." Mr. E. X. Flanagan and His Apiary. The engraving shown on the first page this week repre- sents the apiary of Mr. E. T. Flanagan, at Belleville, 111. The picture was taken March SO, 1895, and appeared in the Pro- gressive Bee-Keeper for May, in connection with the following sketch, written by Mr. Douglas D. Hammond, of Malone, Iowa : In the foreground you will see Mr. Flanagan and five of his bright-eyed little ones. The party holding the smoker is Mr. F.'s assistant from Iowa, and, I am sorry to say, for un- favorable reasons, Mrs. Flanagan and the youngest Mr. Flanagan were not taken. Mr. Flanagan was born in Belleville, Ills., Feb. 19, 1837, and married Miss Lily R. Mithoff, of New Orleans, La., Oct. 1, 1884, and has six children, three girls (as shown in the picture), and three boys, two of which you can see. The one in his arms he calls his bee-hoy, and he is as fearless of the bees as most people are of so many Hies. Mr. Flanagan began his career as a bee-keeper with two colonies in box-hives in 1878, and a short time passed before he had a serious attack of the bee-fever, for when he procured the two box-hives he little dreamed of anything beyond a little honey for his own use. But a short time elapsed, however, before, in partnership with Dr. Illlnski, of Cahokia, III,, he had 1,000 colonies in Simplicity hives, and in connection with his having one of the largest apiaries in the United States, he has probably had more experience in migratory bee-keeping than any man up to date ; all of which he has carried on suc- cessfully, with the exception of unavoidable circumstances, such as the loss of 300 colonies at New Madrid, Mo., caused by a steamboat taking fire. He works principally for extracted honey, as his location has only fall flowers for surplus honey. But his main occupa- tion is rearing bees and queens, he having sold as many a& 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 365 $6,000 worth of bees in one year. He has sold several car- loads at a time. He runs four out-apiaries at a distance of \) to 15 miles from the home apiary, and owing to his large e.\- perience in migratory bee-keeping and out-apiary work, he long ago, or, in other words, was among the first to discard the Simplicity hive. He now favors for his own use a 10- frame dovetailed hive, and an 8-frame for selling; and, like many more of our best bee-keepers, prefers a leather-colored Italian, or first-cross hybrid. He generally keeps from 300 to 500 colonies, and has tried all the races of bees e.xcept Funics. He once gave as high as §35 for a Cyprian colony and queen. He has imported bees for years, but believes we now have as good bees as in Italy. Mr. Flanagan's father died while he was young, and owing to a defect in his father's title to property, all was lost. This left him without any education or money to care for him- self, and it is in justice to him to say he did not get one year in school, all told ; and yet his well-written articles have been read by thousands of wide-awake bee-keepers, and valued, too. It is plain to see their value : First, his large experi- ence; second, he is a man of truth, and not theory, for all he writes is that which he has tested. He is a lover of flowers, poetry, and all classes of good literature. He has a happy family and home, well cared for, is always bright and cheerful, and is exceedingly generous, well posted in the Bible, and a follower of the Word. I only regret that space is so limited. He traveled over Texas in an early day, and many are the stories he has told me, on our trips from apiary to apiary, of deer and wild turkey hunting. In referring to the picture again, let me say when these fruit-trees were in bloom it was one of the grandest sights I have ever seen. His place is well stocked with the choicest of fruit of all kinds, among which are pears he originated himself. And now, good friends, if you want to find a kind mother, a loving father, a happy home and little ones, call where you will get a hearty welcome, at the home of E. T. Flanagan. Mr. Leahy, editor of the Progressive Bee-Keeper, who kindly loaned the engraving on the first page, adds this para- graph to Mr. Hammond's story of Mr. Flanagan's life : The above is such a good description of my friend and brother bee-keeper — of his home life, his originality, of his fearlessness in large undertakings, his morality and gener- osity— that I cannot add anything along that line but to say I know it to be true. I remember too well the helping hand, the encouragement that Mr. Flanagan gave to me years ago when I went to him to find out something about the mysteries of bee-keeping. The first bee-book I ever read was generously loaned to me by him. From this book, and from his kindly advice tome at the beginning, I trace my first steps to my present success, if success it may be called. Mr. Flana- gan and I have " talked bees " in that grove when those trees were small, but the trees have now grown into a beautiful grove — they mark the glorious enterprise of the man who planted them there. They bloom and give fragrance to the air, and the bees hum among their branches. Mr. Flanagan and I have grown older, but with each year I know our friend- ship has grown stronger. May he live long to enjoy the fruits of his labor, is the wish of his friend — R. B. Leahy. CONDUCTED BY DR. J. P. H. BTtO\V:S, AUGUSTA, GA. [Please send all questions relating to bee-keeping In the South direct to Dr. Brown, and he will answer in this department. — Ed.1 'So. 2..— Bee-Management, Etc. A good smoker is indispensable to every bee-keeper. .See that it is in good order. When the fuel in it is well ignited, approach the hive and blow a few whiffs of smoke in at the entrance. Wait a minute, then blow a little more smoke until the bees set up a sort of roaring noise. Then gently com- mence to open the hive, and if the bees show a desire to come up, blow a little more smoke over the tops of the frames, which will run the bees back. Bees can be smoked too much, particularly when queens are to be found. Just how much to give depends upon the humor and disposition of the insect? ; as a general rule, hybrids, Syrians, and Cyprians require more smoke to subdue them than blacks, Carniolans, and Italians. Italians are the most easily handled. When using smoke, care should be taken not to run the bees off the combs. Blacks and the far Eastern varieties are easily run off to the sides of the hive, or will collect in a pen- dulous mass on the edge of a frame that is being handled, and will possibly lose their hold and drop at your feet, which is not very pleasant to the operator. Cyprians can stand a " broad side " of smoke unflinchingly, and will only yield after continued blasts. When a bee gets under the clothes, give it room and do not crowd it, and it will make for the light and crawl out without offering to sting. VAKIETIE8 OF THE HONEY-BEE. There are quite a number of varieties of Apis melliflca, among which I may name the black bee, which is the most common. This variety was introduced, it is said, into Penn- sylvania from Germany about the year 1627, and was trans- ported to South America in 18-15. The Italian, Cyprian, Syrian, Egyptian, Carniolan, etc., are also only varieties, and are undoubtedly of common origin. For beauty, honey-gath- ering capacity, docility, and most desirable qualities, the Ital- ian is to be preferred. In cultivating any of these breeds of bees, there is a continual, though slight, disposition to sport from a precise standard of physical and psychical characteristics to an as- sumption of some of the peculiarities of some other breed. This seems to be a rule attending the breeding of all cattle, horses, sheep, swine and fancy breeds of poultry, that lack that fixedness and individuality of character sufficient to stamp such breed as a distinct species. How Long Will Foundation Keep ': How long will foundation keep good before using ? I mean, when left over from year to year. N. G. 0., South Carolina. Answer. — If the wax-moth is kept from it so that no eggs are deposited, it will remain good for a number of years. Wax hardens with age, but it will soon soften if exposed to a> gentle heat. When foundation is left over until another sea- son, you can make it just as good as new-made, by simply ex- posing the sheets to the heat of the sun for a few minutes. Linden or Ba§swood — ^'orlliern Georgia— Trans- ferring. 1. "We have a tree here called linn, and a good tree for honey. Is it what is called the basswood or linden ? 2. What sort of a place is northern Georgia for a bee- country ? 3. Would you transfer from the old hewn-out log-hive to movable-frame hive ? J. J. W., Kentucky. Answers. — 1. Yes, sir. 2. There are portions of it that are very good. All the cereals, grasses, and fruits that are cultivated in higher lati- tudes grow well there. But never think about moving to a new place before you first go to see it. 8. I certainly would. I would allow a prime swarm to issue from the old log-gum, which I would hive in a frame hive : and then in 21 days I would demolish the old log— cut out the combs, and use all the straight worker-combs in the new hive, and transfer the bees to the same. Bees in Nortliwest Georgia— Treatment of Swarms— Piping — Fastening Foundation in Sections. We have a good prospect for honey in the near future. Bees have been storing a little surplus, but there is a little check-up at present. I took off a box the other day— weighed 27 Jo pounds, and left another case which was under it about half'full. I put into winter quarters 68 colonies, and they came out all right. Swarming has been the order of the day. For the last four weeks we have had 41 swarms, but we hived all second- swarms back. 1. Which do you think is the best plan— to put the new- swarm in a new place, or to set it on the old stand and move the old colony to a new place ? Here is the way I have been treating second swarms : Hive them, and set them close be- side the old hive for two davs, and then take the frames out 366 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 6, in piping — witli for they are the and shake the bees in front of the old hive, and the worli is done. 2. How does the queen nial s ^ 3 o ° tl^ s lh ^ * -c ^ ^ f -?* ^„^ ^ ^.^m in cloth. This offer will hold good only so long as the present stock of books holds out ; so you'd better send your order within a couple of weeks. It's a big offer, and you ought not to miss it. It is a 400-page encyclopedia of bee-keeping, fully illustrated. Over 60,000 copies have already been sold. The regular price, postpaid, is §1.25 ; or we will clnb it with the American Bee Journal for a year — both for only §1.80. Honey as Foot! and .Medicine. — A new and revised edition of this 32-page pamphlet is now issued. It has 5 blank pages on which to write or paste recipes taken from other sources. It is just what Its name indicates, and should be liberally dis- tributed among the people everywhere to create a demand for honey. It contains a number of recipes on the use of honey as food and as medicine, besides much other interesting and valuable information. Prices, postpaid, are: Single copy, 5 cts. ; 10 copies 35cts. ; 50for$1..50; 100for.*3.50. Better give them a trial. Send all orders to the Bee Journal office. 05 td 2 B 5 « p. I? ^' « S I? o ■'I CD rt ^ a 1 5 td ® ^ » p - i? 3 ^ W ft £1 O 2; o .D p. W hr, — 2, B o c S- a. a, 2. 5. a" o 0} 19 - a a "> 2' o a - Z O o B CD S* en; t^ -a ffi S- a (5 ;•' X- i« ^ ;«: Tjic >}<: >}^ T^f yp' >;>k >?? Tfi: >K>P >P^ >) fc «QaArf Untested Italian Queens. ^ . ^cd|t** Reared from a Queen valued at ^ X /ItKoh ^"^^" *^^^'t be excelled as boney-A Imri gatherers; 75 cents each. Address" ^ W W. J. FOREHAND, ^ U ° 22A5 Fort Deposit. Ala. ^ ff ite-ite. >ti >ti >14 >tt ili .^ ili >te. iti rfi. 'I MetUion the A.merican Bee Jounuu. STILL IN THE LEAD. HILTOX'S Cliaff Hives, T-Sii- ])er§. While Polished Sections, Fouiidalion, Smokers, and cver- ylhing needed in the Apiary. —Send for 1895 Catalog— GEO. E.HILTON, FREMONT, MICH. 11A13 Mention the American Bee Jcumau ITALIAN QUEENS Are bred for Business, Beauty & Gentleness. He makes a Specialty of breeding- Fine Ital- ian Queens that rank with the best In the world. Untested Queens, in Mav, J1.25 each; June $1 each, or 6 for S5.00; Julv to October. 75c. each or 6 for $t,25. Tested Queens, SI. 30 each. Send for Free Illustrated Circular to— THEODORE BENDER, 22A5 18 Fulton St.. CANTON, OHIO. Mention the Ameri/;an Bee Journal. Theodore Bender's The American. ST 19A8 RAW HIVp Latest and Best. ^b Perfectly adapted to Modern Bee Culture. Illustrated Circihi Free. HAYCK BROS.. QUINCY, ILL. Please mention the Bee Journal. Garden City, Kan., May 13. 1895. P. J. Thomas, Fredonia, Kan.— Honor to whom taouor Is dne. The <3ueen you sent me proved the best out of six 1 bought from different Breeders. J. Huffman. Big Yellow Golden Italian Queens 75e Three for $2.00. Three-banded. same price. 1-Frame Nucleus, with Untested Queen. $1.75 2-frame, $2.25. Satisfaction guaranteed. P. J. THOMAS, Fredouia, Kan. Mention the American Bee Journal. 22A5 We can fill your orders for dovetail Hives, NectioiiH, foundation, etc., by RETIRJ nail. Have A. I. Root Co.'s floods at their prices. Will save you I'rel^Iil, and get goods to you in a I'eiv days. Oatalosu* Frer. JOHN iVEDEL * ,S0\. Hisll Hill. Mo. 20Atf Mentwn the American Bee Journal. ' POINTS IN JUDGING BEES. Here are nine points given by S. E. Miller, in Gleanings, in the order of their importance : 1. Prolificness of the queen. 2. Honey-gathering qualities of the workers. 3. Hardiness in wintering. 4. Disposition of workers — gentleness, etc. 5. Non-swarming. 6. Comb-building. 7. Longevity of queen and workers. 8. Size of workers. 9. Color. Many would put non-swarming higher in the list, but Mr. Miller says : " So long as swarming comes with prosperity and seasons of large crops of honey, and non-swarming is accompanied by fail- ures, I should consider swarming the lesser of two evils, if swarming may be considered an evil." In which conclu- sion all might concur if they should con- cur in the data. C. Davenport would not agree in plac- ing prolificness of the queen at the head of the list, for four pages farther on in the same number he says : " Last season (a poor one in this lo- cality) I had in the home yard a high- priced queen that I had bought the previous summer. She was in a 10- frame hive, and she needed 10 frames, for she was very prolific. This colony did not swarm. They partly filled one super. There were perhaps 15 sections completed. An 8-frame hive stood right beside this one, the queen of which was a hybrid. I do not believe she laid an egg in either of the outside combs dur- ing the entire season ; yet this colony tilled y6 sections, and had plenty of stores for winter ; and it is to-day one of the strongest colonies I have. An- other colony, in an 8-frame hive, whose queen, a pure Italian, was also bought the previous summer, filled five supers of 24 sections each. There were a few in the last super that were not com- pleted. They also had to be fed a little in the fall ; but they are in good condi- tion at this writing. This queen is hardly equal to 8 frames ; but I regard her as one of the most valuable ones that I ever owned. NUMBER OF FRAMES. "Enthusiastic," in Review, says he spent years in e.xperimenting with all sizes from five to nine frames, and is fully persuaded that for his location and management nine frames are best. Now some one will ask him why he doesn't experiment with ten or more frames. SINGLE STORIES VS. DIVISIBLE BROOD- CHAMBERS. SaysErnestRoDt in Gleanings : "How the divisible brood-chamber can be han- dled any more rapidly than a good hive containing modern Hoffman frames with V edges, is past my comprehension. I have handled the former somewhat in our own apiary. That is to say, we have had a Heddon hive in our yard for a number of seasons ; and I have manipu- lated that hive perhaps more than any other one hive in our yard. We have also had a Danzenbaker hive in our yard for a part of one season. I have seen divisible-brood-chamber hives handled SPECIAL OFFER. For July and AuK"ustonly. Tothosewho bave never tried our straiu of IIouey-Gathering Italians, we will make this Special Offer lor July and Aus'ust only, to introduce our Bees in your locality: We will send one Warranted Queen in July and Aug-, for the trifling sum of 50 cts. Keiueiiiber, the Queens we are ffoing to send out for 50 cts. are warranted to be purely-mated, and if not. send us a state- ment of the fact and we will send another free of charge. Only one Queen will be sent at the above price to one address. If you w;i,nt any more you must pay full price a^ per Table of Queens in our Circular, which we mail with each Queen. Address all orders to- Leiniiiger Bros., Fort Jemiiims, Ohio. 32A5 Mention the American Bee Journal. SUPPLIES BEES QUEENS LARGE STOCK. LOW PKICES. Catalogue Free. I. J. STRHVOHAIH, lO.i Park Place. NEW YORK. N. Y. -#'!> HELLO <^ Had you noticed that we have a bee-journal in the South ? Well, we have. Send us $1.00 and receive "The Southl.ind Queen "one year. Fresh, Practical and Plain. Jennie Atchley begins a Bee-Keepers' School in it June 15. A Steaiu Bee-Hive Factory. Send for Free Catalojrue and Sample Copy of "The Southland Queen." THE JENME; ATCHIjEY CO. 22Att BEKVILLE, lieeCo.. TRX. GOLDEN QUEENS Solid Yellow. $1; Yel- low to tip, 7.5c. ; darfeer 60c. Tested"*! to J2. Breeders, $3. Best, $5. Samples of Bees, 2c. None better for Honey, Beauty and Gentleness. Ready now. Fully guaranteed. F. C. MORROW, WallacslrarK, Ark. 20 A 1 3 Mention the American Bee JoumaU PASTE That Will stick ANYTHING. We have Anally succeeded in finding a Paste that will stick labels to tin. glass, etc.— just thing bee-keepers have wanted. It will do the business wherever any "stickum" is re- quired. It is guaranteed to do the work. It is put up ready for immediate use, in the fol- lowing size packages, and at the prices given, by express: ^-gal., 70c.; 1 gal. $1.00; 2,3,4 or 5 gals.. 75c. per gal. It weighs about 8 lbs. to the gallon. Sample of Paste, postpaid, 25c. Address all orders to— GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. Promptness Is What Counts ! Honey- Jars, Shipping- Cases, and ev- I erything that bee-keepers use. Root's Good« at Root's l>rice«i and the best shipping point in the country. Dealer in Honey and Beeswax. Gata- i6rJalAve.WalterS. Ponder INDIANAPOLIS, IND. Hr* A ril^-li-n 1024 Mississippi St a \J, iiCKilll, St. Paal, Minn. Northwestern Agent For The A. 1. Root Co.'s Apiarian Supplies Send for I Bees AND Queens Price-List l For Sale. 2 1 A 1 7 Mention the American Be JowmaL "VTT T nilT" TO THE TIP X IamAmA\J Vt Are the Italian (joeenti that i can send by return mail at $1.00 each or 8ixfor$5.00. Not one in 100 will prove mismated. and any that do not produce three- banded Bees will be replaced. Tested Queens after June loth, same price as aiiove. ■W. H. PRIDGEIS, 22A5 CREEK, Warren Co.. N. C Mention ftw American Bee Journal, 368 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 6, McCALLUM STEEL WHEEL WA&ONS Iliirhnst AwanlH at \\arlii'H Fuir. Broadornarrow fires, high or low wheels to tit any skein. PAT DEC. 15. 91. Wheels or axles made for wagon . ea;*Go t.-.;!;!) ** ■«^«»-'if rs, fiiso. ~^ m[' \^ makerSt Liberal Discounts to Agents or first to purchase. McCallum Steel Wheel Wagon Co., Aurora, Z11.,U. S. A. 14Al.'it Please mention the Bee Journal. TAKE NOTICE! BEFOKU placing your orders lor SUP- PLIES, write tor prices on 1-Piece Bass wood Sections, Bee-Hives, Shipping -Crates Frames. Foundation, Smokers, etc. PAOE & I.YOX MFG. CO. NEW LONDON, WIS. Mention Die American Bee Journal. Control Your Swarms, Requeeii, Etc. Send 25c. for sam- Eles of West's Patent plral Wire Queen- Cell Protectors, and . Patent Spiral Queen Hatching and Intro- ducing Cage; & best Bee-Escape, with cir- cular explaining. 12 Cell-protectors, BOc. ; 100, $.3. 12 cages. $1; 100, $5, by mail. Cir- cular free. Address. N. ». WEST, Ifliddle- bnrgli, Solioliarie Co , N. 1". Sold also by all leading supply-dealers. 22 A5 Mention the American lice Journal. BEES & QUEENS Ready in May. Queens. $1.00. Dees by the Pound, $1.00. Two-frame Nuclei, with Queen $2.50. One-frame, $2.00. Also, Barred P. R. Eggs, for setting, $1.00 per 15. JUrs. A. A. SIMPSON, Box 48, Swarts, Fa. 15Al.'Jt Please mention the Bee Journal. Golden Italian (Jneens. One Untested Queen before June 1st $1.00 Six " '• •■ ■■ ... 5.00 One " " after " 75 Six " '• •■ '• .... 4.20 One Tested •■ before " 1.50 Six " '• '• " .... 7.50 One '• '• after " .... 1.00 Six '•.... 5.00 One Selected Tested for breeding, $3,00. Prlce-Ijisrt Free. W. H. WHITE. 22A5t DEPORT, Lamar Co., TEX. PATENT WIRED COMB FODNDATIOH HaH No Sag In Hrood-Frauies Thill Flat-Kottoni Foundation Has Bto Fishbone Id the Surplas Honey. Belod the cleanest le nsually worfceO the quickest of any Foundation made J. VAN DEtTSEN A: SONS, Sole Manufacturera, BprontBroofc MontKomery Co., N. T. FOR SALE. I have some 35 good Bee-Hives to sell, with all the Frames and Honey-Boxes— some 10 are Heddon Hives, and 6 double 10-frame, balance 8-frame, with stuff tor honey-boxes. Smokers, and some Foundation, Bee-Veils, and all the Fixtures for bee-keeping which 1 will sell tor $2.00 per hive, and throw in all the fixtures. Big bargain here. Correspondence solicited. SAIflUEl. CtiARK, Ifl. ».. 22A2t LAWRENCE, McHenry Co., ILL. by bee.keepers who were very enthusias- tic over them ; but, taking it all in all, I VdnK I can get a more satisfactory knowledge with a given number of hives containing full-dedth Hoffman frames in less time than from any equal number of horizontally divided brood-chamber hives I have ever seen or read of. Now, why do I like mine (or, more correctly, Hoffman's) better ? A Hoff- man-frame hive can be split -perpcndlcu- hirly in two parts. A divisible-brood- chamber can be split horizontally in two parts; but it will be apparent that such a split does not show brood surfoce — only the edges of the combs, and those very imperfectly. A perpendicular split does show the u'li'Olc surface of two corabs. Then if we remove one comb we have for examination the two surfaces of the one comb, besides two surfaces of each of two other combs." MAKKET QUOTATIONS FOR HONEY. Complaint having been made that Shea & Co. quoted honey too high, they write to Review: "There are always two prices. Say, tor instance, we quote honey in the country at 16 to 17 cents, while the same goods sell in the city to the .jobbing trade at 15 cents. Do you want the lowest quotations, or what the stuff is actually sold for ?" To this the editor replies: "The figures the bee- keepers want given in quotations are those that they may expect to realize for honey if sent to the market from whence come the quotations. Exceptional prices are not wanted Each dealer should give the average price at which he is selling each grade of honey." PLANTING THE LINDEN OB BASSWOOD. It would take a good many years for basswood or linden trees to yield honey — perhaps 20. We set out a basswood orchard something over 20 years ago, and it is not yielding honey very satis- factorily even yet." — E. R. Root, in Gleanings. WHICH HAS THE GREATER INFLUENCE, THE QUEEN OR THE BEES, IN DETER- MINING. THE AMOUNT OF BROOD? P. L. Thompson raises the above ques- tion in Review, and says : "Two years ago in April I dug out and transferred a wild swarm from an abandoned skunk- hole. The capacity of the hole, which was completely filled with comb, prob- ably exceeded 16 Langstroth frames. They then had an amount of brood equal to 6 solid Langstroth frames, and the colony had to be divided, because it was simply impossible to get the bees in one 8-frame Langstroth hive, or anywhere near it. This was very nearly the time of year when our colonies are weakest. Exceptional ? Yes, but afterward that same queen would have been taken for a very ordinary queen indeed, judging from the amount of her brood. I always think of her behavior i?i and out of the skunk-hole, when reading arguments for the S-frame size." The editor thinks that at least some- times the queen is the more important factor, saying : " I have seen many col- onies come out of winter quarters quite populous, yet they would rear only a small amount of brood and be entirely outstripped by other colonies that were quite weak in numbers in early spring." 42 41 40 47 46 45 52 51 50 l$ee"ABC"»neroii|ngcm. GOMB FOUNDATION. Made by Improved Machinery. Get Samples. Here are prices by the pound— just compare. 1 lb. 5 lbs. 10 lbs. 25 lbs. Heavy or I .., .,,„ ■jop ■jop Medium Brood )*-'^' *"<=• •^"<^- ■^'*'^- Light •• 44 Thin Surplus 50 Extra-Thin Sur. 55 ^^ If wanted at those prices, send to W.J. Finch, Jr., Springfield, 111 When ANSwCRirtG this AovertisemE'»T. Mestioi this JOURNAL. Woodcliff Queens. I will send a Guaranteed .'i-Banded Yellow Queen, bred from a Breeder selected from 1000 Queens (some producing over 400 lbs. of honey to the colony); or a 3-Banded Italian Leather-Colored Queen direct from a Breeder imported from Italy. Oct. '94— at 75c., and a special low price for a quantity. My secret is to sell an extra-large amount, which enables me to sell at low prices. Will run this spring 3.")0 Nuclei— have 1 home and 4 out apiaries. Boukins Orders flow— will begin shipping about May 1st. No Queens superior to my Strain. tS^ Send for Descriptive Catalogue and Testimonials, to Wm. a. Selser. Wyncote. Pa. COMB FOUNDATION. Wliolesale and Retail. Quality alwaj-s the best. Price always lowest. Working H'ax luto Foundation by the lb. a Specialty. I can make it an object for you in anj' quantity, but offer special induce- ments on straight 25 or 50 lb. lots. Or for making large lot of Wax into Foundation. I am furnishing large Dealers, and can also please you, Bee«tvax taken at all times. Write for Samples and Prices, to Gi;s DITTMER, AUGUSTA. WIS. Reference— Augusta Bank. 16Atf Globe BeeVeil By Mail for One Dollar. Five cross-bars are Hvlted In the 'centre at the top. These bend down f and t.utton to studs on a neck-band. The bars are best llsht spring steel. M Tile neckband Is hard sprlntx brass. The netting is white with face-piece of bUicli to see thrsuch. It is easily put tof-'ether and folds ompactly in a case, IxB-xT Inches, _ ._ the whole weighing but 5 ounces. It can be worn over an ordinary hat; fits any head; does notobstruct the vision, and can be worn In bea without discomfort. It Is a boon to any one whom flies bother, mosqultos bite, or bees sting. ;^~ This Veil we club with the Bee Journal tor one year— both for $1.75; or give free as a Premium for sending us 3 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at Jl.OO each. GEORGE W. "iORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. IMOnDTCn Italian Queens reared thisyr., IIYlrUnlLU $3.30 each. Tested Queens- Breeders-.*!. 50 to $2.00 each. 21A W. C. Frazler. Atlantic, loiva. WHEN ANSWERING THIS ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOORNAU Wajits or Exctiajiges. This department is only for your •' Wants " or bona-nde " Exchanges." and such will be Inserted here at 10 cents a line tor each time, when specially ordered into this depart- ment. Exchanges for cash or for price-lists, or notices offering articles for sale, will not be inserted here— such belong in the regular advertising columns, at regular rates. TO KXCHANGE~Buzz-Saw, Shipping-Cases, Lang. Section-Frames with tin separators, for Queens, Honey, or own offer. 22A4t G. M. DEEK, Riga, Mich, WANTED— I have some fine Mastiff and Collie Shepherd I'ups to exchange for offers. Write me. SCOTT BKILLHAKT, 23A1 Millwood, Knox Co., Ohio. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 369 -notice- To Bee - Keepers and Dealers. I have one of tbe largest Factories in the West, devoted entirely to the manufacture of Bee-Keepers' Supplies. Having made arrangements with the In- ventor to manufacture the " Higginsville Hive-Cover," I will place it on all hives sent out this j'ear, unless otherwise ordered. Write at once for large illustrated Cata- logue for 3 895. giving full description and prices of Higginsville Hive - Covers, Dove- tailed Hives. Sections, Frames, Supers. Foun- dation, Crates, Boxes, Smokers, Kxtractors, etc. Write for prices on large quantities. E. L. Riiicaid, Wiilker, Vernon Co., Mo. Mention theA.ma'lcan Bee Jounwl. California If you care to Ijnow of its Fruits, Flowers, Climate or Kesources. send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Paciflc Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated, $2.40 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL, PRESS, 1220 Market St., - SAN FRANCISCO. CAL. BEGINNERS. Begfinners should have a copy of the Amateur Bee-Keeper, a 70-pag-e book by- Prof. J. W. Kouse. Price 25 cents; if sent bymail. 2Sc. The little book and the Progressive Bee-Keeper (a live, pro- gressive 28-page monthly journal) one year, 65o. Address any first-class dealer, or LEAHY MFG. 00., Higg-insville, Mo- APIARIAN SUPPLIES -^"^fl.^^f^Z. Keeper "—how to manage bees, etc.— 25 cts. The "'Model Coop." for hen and her brood Wyandotte, Langshan and Leghorn Eggs for hatching. Cat. free, but state what you want J. W. ROUSE & CO., Mexico, Mo. \ BIG DROPS of water has made the vegetation. Now the sun shines — the Honey wells up — the Bees gather it, and every Bee-Keeper should have all needed Supplies at once. Catalogue Free, Thos. G. IVewman, ^%^^^^ltVili^r- ONE-PIECE SECTIONS-CHEAP ! In Order to Reduce Our Stock, We Offer No. 1 CREAM SECTIONS - 4>4X4U3£7-to-lt. 1?4, IJi. 1 15-16 and 2 inch : 1000 for S1,.tO. 5000 at !S1.40 per M. 10.000 at 11.35 per M. No. 1 WHITE SECTIONS — 5Hx6i4x2, open on two 5J4 sides : 1000 for $2.50. 5000 at S2.35 per M. 10,000 :it $2.25 per M. a. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, "Wis. WILLIAMS' Automatic Reversible Honey-Extractor. Terfect in Principle and Workings. Here is what the veteran bee-keeper. N. E. France, of Platte- ville. Wis., says of it: "I consider the Williams Automatic Reversible Extractor head and shoul- ders^above any T have ever used; and further- more, consider it the best on the market." 100 Italian Queens. Keared in 1894. We make the readers of the Bee Journal A Special Offer, in order to have them move off quickly: for the next 30 days we will sell these Queens as follows: One Queen reared in 1894 $ .75 6 Queens - " 4.00 12 ■■ " •• 7.00 These Queens were reared from fine stock and are right in their prime ; they are a great bargain ^~ For Prlce-List No. 2, of Extractors, Bees J and Queens— address. ) Van Allen & Williiiius, Barnum, Wis. p. S.— We have in one of our bee-yards, a few Mlsmated Queens— to those that want them, 25c, tor one, 5 for $1. Stamps taken for single Queen. Send E.tpress Money Order payable at Barnum, or P. O, Money Order payable at Boscobel, Wis. Qcijjeral Mcn)B^ Bees Swarmed Nicely. We have had a very good time for bees in north Texas this spring. Bees wintered well, and have been swarming nicely. I have US colonies in Simplicity hives, all of which are in good condition. P. F. Gassawat. Floyd, Tex., May 2. Outlook is Promising, We have had frost every night for the past week. Early blossoms are badly dam- aged, and clover badly cut down. In the midst of it all we are ever hopeful bee- keepers. Bees seem to be in good condition. There has been some loss through balling of queens. Drones have been flying. On the whole, the outlook is promising where bees were well provided with winter stores. John McArthuk. Toronto, Ont., May 18. Hot Weather in California. We have just gotten over some of the very hottest weather we have had at this time of the year; it was hotter than I ever felt it in June, when we get some of our first hot weather of the year. It is now cool and nice ; the indications now are that it may rain in a few days. As a contrast to our weather I notice by to-day's papers that the Eastern denizens are having a big freeze — vegetables and such things have gone by the board. I am sorry for the suf- ferers: but they should be in this State i£ they want comfort. I trust that it will not cripple the honey-business, too. W. A. Prtal, North Temescal, Calif., May 14. Using Old Hives — Kemoving Propolis. A correspondent complains that he has been unable to induce swarms to accept old hives, and contentedly make them their home, I think if he will place, one, two, or three frames of brood (in all stages of de- velopment, but specially that which is un- sealed) in a tolerably clean hive, he will have little or no trouble in keeping his bees. Every animal is inclined to remain with its young, and bees are no exception to this rule, particularly when the unsealed brood needs feeding and nursing. I have found it a very convenient method, to remove propolis from the hands, to smear the propolis, rubbing it thoroughly with lard, any soft grease, machine oil, or any of the fatty oils, and then wash it all oflf with soap and water, F. O. Blair. Trinidad, Colo, Bee-Keepmg in West Virginia. I put 38 colonies (all blacks) into winter quarters about Nov. 10, 1894, but two of them were queenless, and of course came out this spring queenless, so I united them with two others. I wintered them as follows : I put part of my bees into an up-ground cellar, made thus: Planked up and down with inch lumber, tongued and grooved, ceiled inside with inch lumber, filling a 10-inch space be- tween with sawdust. The balance of the bees I left on the summer stands, and put on winter-cases 4 inches larger all around than the hive, and filled the space between with dry forest leaves. All 28 came through the winter, but those wintered in the cellar, or house, seemed to be in the best condition. My bees, during the last few days of April and May until the 12th, seemed to build up the fastest and gathered the most honey I ever saw in this country for this season of the year. But now, as I am writing, the bees are perfectly dormant, and remained in the hive all day yesterday on account of a cold wave, and it snowed 370 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 6, quite a flurry this morning. This cold wave will be hard on the liees. We had a wonderful apple-liloom, but we fear this cold wave will blast our hopes, as we were expecting a fine crop of apples after the bees had gotten a good supply of nectar from the bloom. I am much delighted with the weekly visitor— the American Bee Journal. I feel that I could not make a success with my little apiary without it. If I get "tangled" a little during the week. I just wait until Saturday afternoon, when the Bee Journal steps in. and I at once consult it, and I soon find something that lets me out. Ira Shooket. Long, W. Va., May IS. Hard Winter for Bees. Last fall I had about 38 colonies of bees. It was a hard winter for bees, and now I have just about 15 left from 28. Fked Eisemann. Chelsea, Mich., May 24. Prospects Not Good. Bees are very strong— I had several swarms, and they stored considerable honey the first week in May, but they are doing but little now. with no prospect for a good honey crop. Horsemint, our main depend- ence, is a total failure this season, as well as last. J. D. Givens. Lisbon, Tex., May 20. First Swarm — Overstocked. To-day my first swarm of bees came out— the earliest I have had for years. My only desire is for a No. 1 field of bee-pasture. My poor bees will be badly disappointed, though, with about 1,500 colonies in a circle of 4 to 5 miles in diameter. How can these poor, winged things get enough to satisfy both them and me ? S. M. Carlzen. Montclair, Colo., May 22. Bees in Slontana. Some one has called for a report from Montana. I don't live there, but I can tell him what I know about that place in re- gard to bee-culture. 1 shipped a colony of bees to a Mr. Brockway, at Billings, Mont., last season. They arrived in good condi- tion, and swarmed three times, and stored about 100 pounds of surplus honey. Mr. B. wrote me a few weeks ago, saying that his bees had wintered well. Without doubt bees would do well there, if handled rightly. Onsted, Mich. L. E. Evans. Cold Weather — Wintering. The cold freeze last night beat all the freezes I ever looked on in a May day, for east Michigan fruit of almost all kinds is cut. Alslke clover is drooped. My bees have been shut in for four days — some of them have made the stores disappear as if by magic. I commenced last winter with 11 colonies, all strong and well cared for, with chafl" hives and cushions, but in February mala- ria fever got the best of me, and kept me housed for about eight weeks, and I could not attend to them. In March we had a soft snow from the East; it was a heavy, driving storm, and it drove into half of my hives and smothered two of the heaviest colonies 1 had. The rest of them were left in p.oor condition. The other colonies facing south are in the best of condition. Three years of experi- ence tells me that the east is not best to face hives. If I had been able to get out at the time it would not have happened. The most of the bees in this locality suf- fered last winter— about one-third or more are dead ; and the reason is, as near as I can find out, they were left in a haphazard condition for winter. I have looked at some colonies that died, and there were lots of stores in the adjoining combs that they were not on. My belief is those colonies starved to death. The reason is this : In a long, cold spell the bees will not go around the end of the frames or break cluster, and when all the honey is consumed they starve. Now, then, if those colonies had had a Hill device, or something of that description, would they have starved ? I have not lost a colony in that way. I think the reason most of the folks lose so many bees is that they do not understand them. They would do better if they would take the American Bee Journal, or some other good bee-paper. Fked Card. Burns, Mich., May 17. Honey & Beeswax Market Quotations. CHICAGO. III.. May 23.— The trade in comb honey Is very light at this time of the year— as it is between seasons. Soon we will get the new crop, and It will come on a bare market. Just now what little comb sells brings 14o. for the best grades. Extracted. 5i4@7c. All good grades of beeswax. 30c. R. A. B. &Co. CHICAGO, III.. Mar. 18.— Demand is good for all grades of hooey excepting dark comb. We quote: Fancy comb, 15c.; No. 1, 14c. Ex- tracted, 5@6 He. J. A. L. KANSAS CITy. Mo., May 20.— The demand for comb honey is light, with considerable on the market. Receipts of extracted are llght^- demand fair. We quote: No. 1 white comb, 1-lbs., 13@14c.; No. 3, 12@13c.; No. 1 amber, 12@13c. : No. 2, 8@10c. Extracted, 5@7c. Beeswax. 25c. C. C. C. & Co. CINCINNATI, O., May 20.— The market is very quiet. No change since our last. We quote: Choice white comb honey, 12@16c. Extracted, 4@7c. Beeswax Is in good demand at25®31c. for good to choice yellow. 0. F. M. & S. PHILADELPHIA, PA., May 18. — Comb honey is in poor demand. Large stores are now waiting for the new crop. Extracted is in fair demand. Beeswax has declined some, but good sales keep market from being over- stocked. We quote: Comb honey, 9c. Ex- tracted, 4V4@6c. Beeswax, 29@30c. W.A.S. NEW YORK, N. T., May 24.— White comb honey is well cleaned up. Considerable buck- wheat remains on the market, and, as the sea- son is about over, some of it will have to be carried over. Extracted is doing fairly well, with plenty of supply to meet the demand. New southern Is ai riving quit« freely. We quote: Extracted, white, 6@6!4c. ; amber, 5 @5Hc. Southern, common, 45@50c. per gal- lon ; choice, 60@65c. While beeswax holds firm at 31@32c., we think it has reached top market and do not expectit to go higher. H. B. & S. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers, Most of whom Quote In this Journal. Cblcago, Ills. J. A. Lamon, 43 South Water St. R. A. BtJRNETT & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. Y. F. I. Sage & Son, 183 Reade Street. HiLDBETH Bros. & Seqelken. 120 & 122 West Broadway. Chas. Israel & Bros.. 110 Hudson St. 1. J. Stbingham, 105 Park Place. Kansaii City, Mo. C. C. Clkmoms & Co., 423 Walnut St. BnSalo, N. Y. BATTERSON & Oo., 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chas. Dadant & Son. Philadelphia, Pa. W.M. A. Selser, 10 Vine St. Cincinnati, Ohio. C, F. MUTR & Son. cor. Freeman & Central av8. A Oi-and ll«>fSnioker is the one offered by W. C. R. Kemp, Orleans, Orange Co., Ind. It has a 3-inch fire-barrel, burns all kinds of fuel, and is simple, efficient and durable. Send lOll cents for a sample smoker, and you will have a rare bargain. Doctor^s )i\r)\s By DR. PEIRO, CJiicag-o, ni. 100 state Street. Some Causeti or Headache. Decayed teeth are a frequent source of some of the most excruciating headaches, even though the teeth do not ache. Excessive study of books, especially by lamp-light, often occasions serious head- aches. Indiscriminate use of tobacco, either smoking or chewing, can cause violent headaches. Irregularity in eating, instead of at stated hours, frequently results in oppres- sive headaches. An overloaded stomach usually produces a more acute, intense headache. Constipation is another frequent source of severe headaches. A saline cathartic — salts — is the best and safest remedy. A cold In the head often causes a stupefy- ing headache, especially over the eyes and root of the nose. Cloths wrung in hot water and tightly held to the forehead often gives immediate relief. Malaria is a potent cause for most pain- ful and persistent headaches, for which proper remedies should be taken — better still, get away from malarial districts. In hundreds of cases the headache has its origin in defective eye-sight or badly- fitting glasses. An oculist should be con- sulted ; an optician won't do. Bad ventilation— sleeping in close, dark rooms with little or no access to outer air — very often gives rise to protracted and severe headaches. Grief and worry may very naturally cause obstinate headaches. People of hot temper and irritable disposition are seldom free from it. Hot water with half tea- spoonful of cooking soda every hour most likely relieves it. Keep your temper ! Too heavy or tight clothing can occasion severe headaches. Sick headaches are usually caused by some form of indigestion, for which a skilled physician had best be consulted. Headaches of "plain drunks," as the police stations term it, are best disposed of by small doses of salts in hot water frequently repeated. If very faint, a little red-pepper may be added. But you're a fool if you do it again ! In many cases the most obstinate and violent headaches have been occasioned by tumors growing and pressing upon the brain. Medicines in such cases can only be palliative— nothing short of an operation and removal of the tumor (where this pro- cedure is feasible) can effect a cure. RUDY'S PILE SUPPOSITORY Is guaranteed to cure Piles and Constipation, or money refunded. 50 cents per box. Send two stamps for circular and free Sample to MARTIN RUDY. Registered Pharmiicist, Lan- caster, Pa. No Postals Answered. For sale by all flrst-claes druggists everywhere. Peter Y-au Schaack &• Sons. Hobt. Stevenson & Co., Morrison. Pliimmer & Co., and Lord, Owen & Co.. Wholesale Agents, Chicago, Ills. Please mention the Bee Journal Novl5 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 871 " Northern Bred Queeus" Our Northern Bred Gray Carniolans and Golden Italian Queens Produce Hardy Bees that Winter Successfully. We make Quecn-Kearing: a Specialty. We never saw Foul Brood or Bee-l*aral>'8i9. Don't fail to send for Our Free Descrip- tive Price-LiiKt. Our Pricss Are Away DO'WN F. A. LOCKHART A: CO., 17D LAKE GEORGE, N. F. Mention the American Bee Jnumal. ONE MAN WITH THE UNION <=°"-|;,':^'^-'°- Can do the work of tour men using hand tools, in Kipping. Cutting-off, Mi- tring. Rabbeting, Groov- ing. Gaining. Dadoing, Edglng-up. Jointing Stutf, etc. Full Line of Foot and Hand Power Machinery. Sold on Trial. Calnlosae Free. SENECA FAIiLS MFG. CO., 46 Water St., SENECA FALLS. N. Y 25D12 Mention the American Bee Journal. Write to Wm. H. Bright— For prices on all Improved Bee-Fixtures— Hives, Sections, Comb Founda- tion, Brood-Frames, Extractors, etc.. At Bottom Prices. Golden Italian Queens *'F°rerprice-List. AVm. H. Briglitt Mazeppa, Iflinn. 19Dtf Please mention the Bee Journal. BERKSHIRE, Chester Wblte, Jeriej Red and Potuid Chins PIGS. Jeraev, GuernBey and HolBteln Cattle. Thoroughbred Sheep. Fancy Ponllry. Bunting ftnd HooBe Dog§. Catalogue. I, Wri>MITH«TocEruTlUe, Cheater Co.. Penna. 1 3D26 Mention the American Bee Journal, The Adels-A New Strain of Friends, I shall he prepared to fill orders for Adel and Italian Queens June 1. Try them Warranted, II; Tested. Jl. 50; Select Tes , $2. 23C Joseph Ernray, Havana, N. ¥. Mmition the American Bee Journal. Interesting Monthly for The Family and Fireside Welcome in every Home. Largre Premiums TorClnba. Sample Copy sent Free. Thomas G. Newman, 147 South Western Ave., CHICAGO, - - II.I.S. Orange-Blossora, Alfalfa or Sage For Sale Clieap. ISDtf C. W. Dayton, Florence, Calif. Me7ition tli£ American Bee Jmvnval. Barnes' Foot-Power Machinery. ReadwhatJ.I, PARENT,of Charlton. N.Y., says— "We cut wltb one of your Com- btned Machines, last winter 50 cbaff hives with 7-in. cap, UK) honey-racks, 500 broad frames, 2,(m.hi honey-boxes and a »rreal deal of other work. This winter we have double the amonnt of bee- hives, etc., to make and we expect to do itwiththisSaw. Itwill do all you say itwlll. Catalogue and Price - J^ist Free. iSCtf Address, W . F. & JOHN BARNES, No. 995 Ruby St.. Rockford. 111. Mention Uie ^jnerican Bee JoumaL Questiot;)-Box* In the multitude of counsellors there is safety. — Prov. 11-14. T Supers or Section-Holders i Query 974.— Which are better, T supers, or wide frames without top-bars, called " sec- tion-holders ?"— Iowa. E. France — I don't know. J. M. Hambaugh — I don't know. B. Taylor — I like T supers best. Jas. A. Stone — I do not like either. Dr. C. C. Miller — I like T supers bet- ter. W. R. Graham — I prefer section-hold- ers. Eugene Secor — I use both, and like both. R. L. Taylor — Neither. I would not use either. Mrs. L. Harrison — I've no experience with either. W. G. Larrabee — I think I should pre- fer T supers. Mrs. J. N. Heater — I give preference to the T super. Rev. M. Mahin — As I do not use either, I do not know. Allen Pringle — Both inferior. I want wide-frames ivWi top-bars. C. H. Dibbern — I should prefer the section-holders with movable tops. Chas. Dadant & Son — We would rec- ommend T supers or section-crates. Wm. M. Barnum — The T super. Wide- frames are an abomination in the land. Rev. Euierson T. Abbott — I do not know. I have no use for either of them. P. H. El wood — I haven't used T supers, and wouldn't like to decide. Both are good. H. D. Cutting — The section-holders may be a good arrangement, but I pre- fer a good T super. Dr. J. P. H. Brown — I should prefer a section-crate or holder embracing the principle of the T supers. Prof. A. J. Cook — I do not know. All depends upon which are most easily manipulated. Both are good. G. M. Doolittle — I use wide-frames with top-bars, aud consider them better than either of those mentioned. J. E. Pond — There is some difference of opinion in regard to this matter, but I judge the evidence favors the T. I should not, however, throw away broad- frames, if I was fully supplied, for the purpose of using T supers in their place. G. W. Demaree — I dumped into the waste corner — a sort of Valley of Hin- nom " — a great lot of "section-holders," ten years ago. I use the T section-case because it is the cleanest and most sim- ple section-holder 1 have any knowledge of. Ready to Hail ! ^^ Untested Italian Queens are now ready to mail. Price, $100 each; six for Jo. 00; twelve for SO. 00. 23A5t Fallbrook, Calif. Mention the American Bee Jfrwmal. DAVIS-JOHNSON CO WESTERN AGENTS H.P.M'F'S.I 45 E.Jackson St. FOOLISH MAN?Ifor'e''"th°au you if you neglect your interests in careing foryour Apples. ^% ■ H^ ■■ ■^'^ays whea youm.akoitwlthi"! ■■ t EJthe Hyd- raulic press. Bal bB ■ gB Saves time money and f atig- ^^ B B^ iB" B ■ ue. M akes more and better Cider easier and quicker. Write for Catalogue of Cider, Fruit Machin- ery, Spray Pumps, etc. Address as above. 1 5 D 1 .3 Mentifyn the American Bee JofimoL SMOKERS : KilM Send for Circulars and Prices, to T. F. BINGHAM, A6R0NIA, MICH. 23Atf Please mention the Bee Journal. DO NOT ORDER CNTIl. YOU HAVE AVRITTKN US FOR PRICES ON Tlie "Boss" One-Piece Section Also D. T. Hives, Sliipping-Crate» and Other Supplies. We have completed a large addition to our Factory, which doubles our floor room; we are therefore in better shape than ever to fill orders on short notice. Send for Prtce-Ijlst J. FORNCROOK, Watertown, Jeff. Co., Wis.. Jan. 1st, 1894. SAVE MONEY "^^l^sy^!^^ ITALIAN QUEENS Foundation at Wholesale Prices. Hives, suited for the South, or SUPPtlKS, send for Price-Llst— to J. P. H. BROWS, ^^cg^sTA, 10A13t Mention the American Bee JournaL n •™« r— 1 r-*i r-^ •^ r*| |— 1 rwi (t ' ■ ■ _jr » ,T jir> ■f ■ 1, 1 ;; ^ — H , |L 1 1 ^v] _=^; ^-^ ^ ^^ ~^ ^ » *j! ^ifc.s»iji."5£;i; ^■isi bSA« w £ff m s Sm Don't Put a Tramp in Charge. If obllgea to employ one, give him a posi- tion where It will not harm you if he' goes wrong." Many farmers have lost heavily tryln.!? to save money on wages, so also on wire fem-es. Soft wire is CHEAP but non- elastic. It appearsto work well while you are watching it, but when your back Is turned it gives you the slip. It is safer to require re- ferences, and the best In the world are fur- nished by the PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich. Mention the Americaii Bee journal. ^ For Bee-Hives ^^ and Supplies. Catalogue Free on Application. W. H. PUTNAM, lA4t RIVEK FALLS, Pierce Co., WIS. Mention the American Bee Journal 372 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 6, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! It Is alwiiys economy to buy the best, espe- cially when the best cost no more than somethinp not half so good. OUU FAL- CON SECTIONS are acknowledged to be superior to any on the market. The same Is also true of our HIVES and I5EE- KEEl'EKS' SUPPLIES, of which we make all modern styles. OUR PRICES will be found as low as those of any of our competitors, and in many cases low- er, and you are always sure of pretting first-class goods. We also publish THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER, a monthly magazine (Fifth year) at 50c. a year, in- valuable to beginners. Large illustrated catalogue and price-list free. Address, TIIEW.T.FALCOMMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. ^~ W. m. Kerrliiili. of East Notttns- liaiu, N. H., is our Eastern agent. New England customers may save freight by pur- chasing of him. Mention t)ic A.merica7i Bee Joivnial. GOLDEN QUEENS From Texas. K*g,.:;;,£,'' as well as lor Beaut} and Gentleness. \^~ Safe arrival and reasonable satisfac- tion guaranteed. Write for Price-Llst. Untested, 75c— Warranted, ^1, J. D. GIVENS, ^^^^P^'TEx. 10A26 Mention the American Bee Journal. I AEISE ''pO SAV to the readers L of the BEE JOURNAL that DOOIjITTIiE has conctuded to sell -BEES and QUEEN8- in their season, during 1895, at thefollowlnK prices : One Colony of Italians on 9 Gallup frames, in light shipping-box $7 00 Five Colonies 30 00 Ten Colonies 50 00 I untested queen. 1 00 6 " queens 5 50 12 " " 10 00 1 tested Queen... ^i 5o 3 " Queens . 4 oo 1 selecttestedqueenSOO 3 " " Uueen8 5 0C Selecttesied queen, previous season's rearing.. 4 00 Extra Selected for breeding, the VERT best. . 6 00 About a Pound of BKES in a Two-frame Nucleus, with any Queen, |2.(X) extra. BT" Circular free, giving full particulars regard- ing the Bees and each class of Queens. Address 6. M. DOOLITTLE 12A25t I BORODINO, Onon. Co.. N. Y. MUTH'S HONET EXTRACTOB PERFECTION Cold-Blast Smokers, Etc. Square Glass Honey Jars, For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. MnTH & Son. Cor. Freeman Hi Central Aves., Cincinnati, 0. Send 10c tor Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers. MetUlon tlic American Bee JiiunwK GLOBE BEE-VEIL By Mail for $1.00. I A center rivet holds 5 sprinE-.iteel ,Cross-b:ir3likeap!obetosuppt>rt the bobinetVeil. These butti.n tii a neat , brassDcfk-band, holdiriBittlrnily. It Is easily put together; no trouble to putou.crtiike off. An absolute .protection against any Insect that I tlies. Will Ko over any ordinary sized hat; can be worn m bed with- out discomfort: fits any heiKi; does not obstruct the vision; loJUs < impactly.and can be carried In the pocket; In sh.jrt. It Is Invaluable to any one whom flies bother. moequUos bite, or bees stiss. GEORGE W. YORK & CO.. - CHICAGO, ILLS. Abbott's Space. Latest— simplest— cheapest— Best Better Than Testimonials ! Five St. Joe Hives, U-Story, lor $*S.50 Only one crate of fire hives at this price to new customers to let them see the best hive made. Do not write, but send on the cash (no private checks taken), and the hives will go the same day. Good only while this ad. ap- pears in this space. Satlsraction Guarau- teed. Emersoji T. Abbotti ST. JOSEPH, MO. St. Joe" HiTC. 10 Weeks for 10 Cts. : A Trial Trip of tliis Jourual Will be sent to any one not now a subscriber. You can sign Blank below and enclose this whole page with your 10 cts. (stamps or silver), if you wish. Please cut out this whole ad. HT and sign and mail It to 56 Fifth Ave., Chicago, 111. CS'°° Please send to me the American Bee Journal for 3 months (13 numbers). At the end of that time I will send SI. 00 for a year's sub- scription, or 25 cts. in case I decide to discontinue. You will please address me thus : J^ame . rosl-Offlcp Sfnte. 17 YEARS AGO DADANT'S FOUNDATION Was first offered for sale. The following parties keep it in stock and have kept it for years for sale. Why ? Because they want to handle only the best goods, and they say they get the best goods when they buy Dadant's Foundation. Thomas G. Newman, Chicago, Ills. C. F. Muth & Son. Cincinnati, Ohio Chas. H. Green, Waukesha, Wis. Chaa. Hertel, Freeburg. Ills. B. Kretchmer, Ked Oak, Iowa. Jos. Nysewander. Des Moines, Iowa. G. B. Lewis Co.. Watertown, Wis. James Reynolds Elevator Co., PouKhbeepsie. N Y. pRge & Ijyon. New liondon, Wis. L.a. Bee-Keepers' Supply Co.,Donald8on-ville, La. K. F. Quigley, UnionviUe, Mo. I G. K. Hubbard. Fort Wavne. Ind. L. Hanssen, Davenport, Iowa. C. Theilmann, Theilmanton, Minn. E. C, Eaglesfield. Berlin, Wis. Walter S. Pouder. Indianapolis, Ind B. T. Abbott, St. Joseph, Mo. J. M. Jenkins. Wetumpka, Alabama John Hey, East SaKinaw, Mich. J. W. Bittenbender. Knoxville.Iowa. Vickerv Bros., Evansville, Ind. Mrs. Jennie Atchley. Beeville, Texas. Is not such a steady trade a proof of real merit in the goods we sell ? We also make a specialty of "Veils and Veil StulTs of best quality. Beeswax Wanted at All Times. Bee-keepers' Supplies, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails, etc. Samples Of Foun- dation and Xulle FREE with circular. Instructions to beginners with circular. Send us your address. CHAS, Mention the American Bee Journal. DADANT & SON, HAMILTON, Hancock Co. LLIi. You may be able to get Supplies at GMT PRIGE S ! But how does the workmanship compare with ours at HiI^sTIIlSrO Fi=LIOES We are receiving daily, unsollolted, testimonials like this : THE A. I. ROOT CO.:— The Dovetailed hives ordered of you some time ago arrived from the railroad to-day. aud this evening- 1 put one of the bodies together, and must say It was just fun. Those dove tailed pieces were •■ yoost der fit." In fact, ever.v thing seems tome so far to ho better than the catalog promised or than 1 expected. I thank you for your promptness with which you tilled the order, and especially for the quality of the goods you sent. I will say they are far ahead, as regards lumber in hives and frames than any I ever saw before, and I have seen a number ordered of other dealers, at lower prices; but for quality of lumber In both hlvea and frames, and for workanshlp, I have seen nothing to compare with those you sent me. S. L. Payne. Westfall, Oreg., May 5. 36-page Catalog Tree. Tbio explains onr great flood of orders. MerUicm the American Bee Journal. XIic A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, O. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. 35th Year. CHICAGO, ILL., JUNE 13, 1895. No. 24. Cot;)tnbuted /V^ticles* On Important x\.T>iarlan SufyJ&ots, Operating and Operation of Bee-Escapes. BY C. W. DAYTON. The past season [1894] I used four different kinds of es- capes in removing 6,000 pounds of comb and extracted honey. Also several colonies were kept busy going through escapes from May to October, and it has become my opinion that the escapes so far brought to notice are no more than stepping- stones to the finally perfected implement. That escapes are an advantage is not theory vi^ith me, for throughout the season of lS9-i I kept an apiary of over 100 colonies within 54 feet of a much traveled highway to the city of Los Angeles. To open a hive and brush bees from the combs of one colony would send angry bees after teams and people to an extent as to block the passage. Escapes, on the other hand, prevented a single molestation, and where the presence of bees were looked upon as a terror, a friendly dis- position was gained for them. In experimenting with escapes the bees of some colonies go out sooner than others. And the stampeding disposition was discovered, and can be demonstrated as a fact in three hours' time. In using the Porter escape I began to study into the rea- son for having the channel of double bee-space depth. Then after a bee gets down into the channel and is about to pro- ceed toward the springs, it must ascend an elevation in the floor. Under the elevated portion is an opening as if pre- pared for the deception of bees seeking a route to get back into the super. At the side of the elevated portion of the floor are openings as if to admit the passage of air. This elevated portion is a hindrance to stampeding bees. Then the round entrance to the channel has a wide, downward projection that would be sure to interfere with the passage of bees crowding through the channel. As a rule, the first bees to try the springs seldom go through until they return to inspect every other part of the escape and escape-board. They don't want to go out of the super, but the depth of the rear part of the channel and flanged aperture prevents their going back into the super, and they are consequently forced to travel onward through the springs. The number of bees trapped thus are a very small number compared to the whole super full. They are of a meddlesome disposition, and do not know that they are sep- arated from the queen. To construct a trap for these is im- practical. After awhile a few of the clustered bees come down upon the escape-board. They do not become meddle- some or vicious, but search diligently for an exit. Whether it is these bees or the first mentioned which nibble at the joints of the escape-board and super, I am uncertain. I shall make an efifort to find out as soon as the next honey season opens. As soon as one of these earnest bees discovers the way to the brood-nest it fans. Other earnest bees are attracted, and form in lines of rapidly increasing number. Often have I held the Porter escape in ray hands and wished for an explanation of every turn which its construction involved. It was the failure of the Porters to do this which caused my experimenting and philosophizing, and I produced the Stampede, not to sell and use, but to illustrate the princi- ple of a wider exit and going-toward-the-light. This going- toward-the-light is a very valuable idea when properly ap- plied. It is by the use of light that I hope to stop the gnaw- ing of the bees at the joints of the hives. And it is because of this gnawing which calls into necessity more than one escape to the board. For example, if the escape is adjusted in one edge of the escape-board — say, in the front edge — there may be so many bees clustered below the combs that light through the escape cannot shine to all parts of it. This would cause Hon. Christoplier Orimrn. — See pcuje 380. those bees distant from that light to attack crevices nearest to them. I believe the perfected escape will admit light and con- tain a trap, which trap may be a spring, but there will be no enclosed channel. When bees proceed in a horizontal direc- tion, turn an angle, and then continue their journey to reach the brood-chamber, energy is wasted to an equal extent that draft is wasted by an elbow in a pipe to the stove. Florence, Calif. How to Prevent Swarming. BY JOHN WELCH, JE. To the apiarist whose chief object is the production of honey, the prevention of increase by natural swarming be- comes a serious problem, which is not satisfactorily solved by 374 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 13, many. The numerous members of the bee-keeping fraternity practice various plans to accomplish their ends in this respect, such as removing or caging the queen, cutting outqueeu-cells, using entrance-guards or queen-traps, extracting, or giving surplus room above. Where I run for comb honey alone, I have attained very fair success along this line, by keeping myself well posted concerning the condition of the colonies, and whenever I find one whose brood-chamber is getting nearly full (and this the experienced bee-keeper is enabled to tell at a glance on open- ing the hive, by observing that the bees have begun to whiten and bulge the combs at the top-bars), I put on a super at once, and put in it two or three partly-filled sections to entice the bees to go to work above, which it will usually do at once if there is a sufficient flow of nectar. If I observe that the bees are still hampered for room, then put on another, putting it beneath the first, which should now be partly filled. Give the bees just room enough, and then entice them to go to work above, and you have accomplished your object, and thereby increased your profits and abated the swarming- fever. In addition to the above, if it is at a time of the year when the young bees reared would mature at a time to assist in gathering some particular honey-flow, I remove the outside frames, which are usually filled with honey only, and slip in the middle of the colony a couple of frames filled with full sheets of foundation ; this will give the bees and queen more room and work for awhile. But it is my opinion, to get at the matter aright, so as to obtain the best results, it becomes necessary for us to go further back, and see that we have got a strain of bees whose energies are spent on honey-gathering, more than on increase alone. There is without doubt a vast difference in various strains of bees in this respect ; while some with a vim are gathering in from field and wood, the various sweets which they can find, others with equal energy are bent on increas- ing their numbers more than their stores, and consequently when winter comes, they find that they have swarmed the harvest-time away, so to speak, and are without stores for winter. We should breed only from those queens whose colonies approach nearest our ideal of perfection, considering in their proper order the qualities of hardiness, honey-gathering, gentleness and beauty. The Qualities of different strains of bees are as diverse as those of different people, and the intelligent and wide-awake bee-keeper keeps an eye on this point in selecting his breeders. Frost, Ohio. Hints for Extracting-Time. BY A. C. SANFORD. The season for extracting honey in this locality usually commences the first part of July, and sometimes lasts until late in August, but seldom. About the first of July the combs should be all extracted clean, because after the first of July the bees will gather white honey, but previous to that time they will work on all sorts of flowers. Dogwood, sumac and clover are the principal sources ; dandelion sometimes fur- nishes considerable nectar. The basswood bloom is the main reliance in this locality, yielding more than all others, and of an excellent quality, the extracted honey being as clear as syrup made from granulated sugar, and, when granulated, is white as milk. The way I proceed : The hive I prefer is one with about 10 Langstroth frames, or its equivalent, and will admit of being piled one upon another at will. Commence in the spring and add stories to the hives as the bees are able to occupy. Let the queen roam at will until about the first of July, or when you have bees enough reared to harvest the crop, then confine her to the lower apartment and place an excluder over to keep her in the brood apartment. Unless this is done, when you put freshly-extracted combs on, she will immediately fill them with eggs (which we do not want at that season); also the bees will carry the honey up, and at the end of the season the lower story will not contain enough honey to winter the bees. To get the honey away from the bees the tools necessary are, a good smoker, a whisk broom, bee-veil, pocket-knife, and I use a tool made by riveting a sickle section to a flat piece of iron about % inch wide by 12 inches long. Grind the back end of the section, rivet it to the iron for a handle, sharpen the end of the iron somewhat to pry the frames loose with. This is a very handy tool to use about the apiary. I use not very rotten maple wood for fuel in the smoker — it needs to be just a little damp, or somewhat so, to produce a good volume of smoke. The morning, or early part of the day, is the best time to take away extracted honey, as there is apt to be less thin honey in at that time. Blow a few puffs of smoke in the en- trance, two or three raps on the hive, a couple more puffs of smoke at the entrance, then carefully pry off the top, blowing in smoke at the same time. Smoke the bees some between the frames, push to one side drawn combs, and if the bees are not subdued, they will let you know it. Always hold the combs perpendicularly, shake the bees off in front of the hive — a succession of short jerks will do the work usually, although some Italians stick pretty tight. Brush off the remaining bees with a whisk brush. Have a wheelbarrow ready at your rear, with comb boxes and empty combs to replace the ones taken out. The first time extracting I put on a queen-excluder above the first story. If you find combs with unsealed larva?, put them below, or do not extract them until next time. Two persons can work to advantage — one to operate with the bees, and one in the honey-room. It is better to extract each variety of honey by itself, if possible, but it is not always possible, for the bees will persist in working on sumac when we would like clover honey. I prefer to do the extracting in its season, as soon as it is fit. One must be guided by the thickness of the honey — it should be left with the bees until ripe enough to keep. I believe all bee-keepers should be very particular about this, in order to be able to have a reliable article. If honey is extracted while raw, or very thin, it will soon take a rank, strong taste, and really is not worth over half price. I notice that some apiarists recommend adding new stories to the hives until the end of the season, and then extract, but there are some objections to this method. The honey cer- tainly will be fully ripe, and have a good body, but my ex- perience is that such honey does not extract as readily (some- times with difficulty). Then, I want to keep each variety of honey separate, as much as I can. On our own farms we certainly would not want to thresh our wheat, oats, barley, rye and clover and timothy seed in a mass. Then, it takes so many extra hives and combs to put two, three, or four on each hive. Of course, these have all to be cared for when not in use — the moth and the mouse are ever i-eady to destroy them. In the honey-room a good extractor is necessary, a honey-knife, draining-can, and a straining barrel or tank. I use a large barrel with cheese-cloth over the top, and a large gate in the bottom to draw honey off. All the gates used should be of large size, as the small ones are a nuisance. Cut the oappings off smoothly, put in the extractor, turn mod- erately ; if the combs are very heavy, only part should be ex- tracted before reversing. It pays to be as careful as possible with the combs, as it takes the bees some time to repair damages. I would say right here that it always pays to be clean about everything. Have some water on hand and a cloth. If I get a little honey on my hands, or where it should not be, I clean it up. I can work a whole day and get stuck up but very little. I have had hands to work for me that did lots of work, but when night came the floor and everything was all stuck up. You all can readily see that honey isn't the stuff to smear your boots with, or to anoint your head with, but nice, clean honey is all right in the mouth, especially with bread and warm biscuits. Ono, Wis. yk What Dr. Miller Thinks. Memorial Day. — That first page of the American Bee Journal for May 30 keeps fresh in memory the events of 30 and more years ago ; but the two songs on the same page leave one a little doubt whether the "Old Reliable" is federal or confederate. Probably, however, the thought now is of a united nation with no North or South, or rather an undivided North and South. Bees and Strawberries. — I think that so far as the testimony goes at present, the verdict must be given that Bro. Secor has established his point that bees seldom work on strawberry blossoms. If, however, there is testimony to be offered on the other side, to the effect that some one has actually seen bees busily at work on strawberry blossoms, it ought to be promptly brought forth. I think Bro. Secor would rather enjoy being beaten in this case, and I'm sure I'd enjoy his defeat. Large vs. Small Hives. — G. W. McGuire [page 343] gives some strong testimony in favor of large hives, and cer- 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 375 tainly it looks that they are the right thing for him. But then some one will arise next and show that small hives are away ahead. I very much doubt whether any amount of con- troversy, possibly whether any amount of experimenting, will ever deSnitely settle the question so that one can make the broad statement that one or the other is best in all cases. But much that has been useful has been brought out in the discus- sion, and for one I should be sorry to see the discussion closed. I think one thing is shown to be true, and that is that in many cases more room has been needed than supposed. And it looks also a little more than it did, that what is true in one case may not be true in another. Doolittle's Old Man. — "I arise " to a point of order. I move, that that man Bevins be put out. On page 344 he pre- tends to commiserate Doolittle's old man, but after studying the matter over, and taking a long look at the picture on page 356, I cannot resist the impression that Mr. Bevins is making fun of him. He says he is " handsome-visaged, well- proportioned." I'll not deny the "handsome-visaged," but as to the " proportioned," he's quite too short for his thickness, or else too thick for his shortness. He says, too, that he has " a persuasive, expectant look." " Persuasive " certainly, very persuasive — his very hands are eloquent with persuasive- ness, but the droop in his mouth shows that expectancy is dying out, and despair setting in. Instruction for Beginners. — Beginners certainly cannot complain that nothing in the American Bee Journal is in- tended for them. If they did, the lack is now being supplied by Dr. Brown in the "Southern Department;" and Northern beginners will find what he says well suited to their needs, and well said. Color of Bee-Keepers' Clothing. — That idea Dr. Brown gives, that red is especially obnoxious to bees, is new to me. I know that white is ever so much better than black for bee- keepers' clothing, but I never had experience with colors. Red takes black in a photograph, doesn't it? Has that anything to do with the case? I suppose white is the best, and every- thing wooly or hairy should be avoided. Giant Bee of India. — I wouldn't like to discourage any- thing looking to improvement, but so long as all the testimony regarding Api^ dorsata is of such a discouraging character, it would be well to limit investigations to inquiries that would cost very little. If Apis dorsata can bo domesticated at all, it could be done more easily nearer its own home. If the gov- ernment is willing to do anything for bee-keepers, let it be something that is more sure to be of benefit, such as that sug- gested by the editor on page 349. How to Tell Robbers. — It may be a little dangerous to get in between Messrs. Abbott and Heddon, on page 350, but a suggestion might do no harm. The beginner who cannot tell a blue heron from a smoked herring might make a sure thing of telling whether a bee brings honey out of a hive by the simple process of catching the bee and tearing it apart. If he is of a very humane turn he might catch it, squeeze gently the abdomen to see whether honey will be ejected by the mouth. I don't vouch for the last plan only by hearsay, for I always kill the bee before examining. Marengo, 111. Spacing-Tacks on Frames — Other Things. J. M. MOORE. I notice on page 317 Gleaner's remarks on my former communication concerning spacing-tacks, and also his request for further explanation concerning the absence of burr and brace combs in the hives in which I have used the above-men- tioned device. As I had no motive in writing on this subject other than to make known a simple device that had contrib- uted to make the work among the bees more pleasant to me, and if I judge by their actions, less obnoxious to the bees, I cannot do better than to write a description of my hives and my management of the same, and let some other contributors with more experience, if they think it worth their while, tell wherein lies the cause of burr and brace combs in the one kind of hive, and their almost entire absence in the other. I had in operation in 1894 three dovetail hives, two of which contained eight V-edge Hoffman frames, and the third had 10 frames of the same make. I had a follower in each, but they were not keyed up, as no key came with my hives, and I had used them one year before I learned that keying the brood-nest was recommended. Those three hives were full of brace-combs half way down the combs, and each had more or less burr-combs — one was so bad I had to pry the sec- tion-holders loose from the brood-frames when taking off the surplus. I had five colonies in Iiives containing nine frames lOj^x- 13% inches, inside measure, with top-bar ^xfg inch thick, end and bottom bars % wide, spaced Jg inch between top-bars, with spacing-tacks mentioned on page 286. While there were a few brace-combs between the top-bars there were none lower down between the combs, and in most of the five hives they are entirely absent ; but it is not in this alone that I claim the greatest advantage for the spacing-tacks, but in the rapidity with which I can handle those frames, and the quiet- ness of the bees while doing so. Perhaps I have not acquired the right knack of handling the Hoffman frames, but I am unable, with the greatest care, to pry them apart without some of them coming apart with a jerk, to be answered by several bees flying viciously in my face and at my hands, and frequently using their stings on the latter ; while I can take hold of the frames spaced with tacks and lift them out so quietly that the bees scarcely ever become excited. I note what Gleaner says about frames moving lengthwise so the heads of the tacks would not touch exactly in the cen- ter, thus making uneven spacing. Well, I have just made careful measurements in my empty hives thus spaced, moving the frames back and forth endwise as much as the hive would permit, but could detect no variation in the spacing. I also note what he says about a nail being better than the tacks. Well, some time after I visited Mr. Smith's apiary I wrote him, to learn if I could procure the tacks of him, as I could not find any in the stores with heads large enough to give % spacing, and he answered that he was then using a small wire-nail, owing to the difficulty of getting tacks of the proper size, which he said answered as well as the tacks ; but as I feared that the nail might get bent, or driven in too far, I procured a hollow belt-punch, and cut a washer out of paste- board to increase the size of the heads. I also note with pleasure what Gleaner says about '4 inch being better between top-bars. As I intend to experiment in that direction the coming season, would Gleaner kindly give me his opinion as to the feasibility of Vi inch spaces between my % inch width top-bars. The assurance from such an au- thority, that it would work, at this season, would be worth many times the price of the Bee Journal. This is my third season in bee-keeping. In the spring of 1894 I had two colonies, and lost one the previous winter. I increased to eight, and took 80 pounds of comb honey. My bees are stronger to-day than they were last year in the mid- dle of June, all having come through the past severe winter, but one colony was queenless, which I united with another that had become somewhat weakened by dysentery. I winter my bees on the summer stands, and can notice no difference in the strength of the colonies on my deep or shallow frames. The colonies in the single-walled dovetail hives, with winter case were certainly drier than those on the deep frames in hives with lower story packed in one inch of chaff, with single bottom-board and single upper story, and 3-inch sawdust cushion on top. The one-inch space between the dovetail hive and winter case was packed with sawdust, and a two- inch sawdust cushion on top. The thermometer ranged from 20° to 28° below zero for about three weeks. An Sable, Mich., May 20. Reasons for Preferring the S-Frame Hive. BY C. DAVENPORT. I prefer the 8-frame size of hive, but I am a specialist — that is, I make a living (such as it is) by producing honey; and from quite large and extensive experience I know I can make more money with a large number of frames in 8-frame hives than I can with the same number in 10 or 12 frame hives. But in order to do so it is necessary to feed in some seasons in order to keep brood-rearing up. I employ a man for each yard the entire season. These are cheap men ; that is, one of them who has been with me for a number of sea- sons, is a man who has one wooden log ; another is a man who is not able to do a hard day's work. But they can feed bees all right. I believe the majority of bee-keepers, though, keep bees as a side-issue only, and many of these do not wish, or have not time, to do much feeding in the spring and early summer, if necessary. For this class, as a general thing, I think the 10-frame hive the best ; for the honey those two extra combs will contain, will, in a poor season, enable brood-rearing to be 376 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 13, kept up much better than it would be with only 8. If no feeding were done, and if a flow did come, the colony on lO frames would have a much larger force of workers to secure it; but when I have gone beyond 10 frames, in general I have got just that much less surplus — that is, with a 12-frame hive I do not get as much surplus within 14 or 16 pounds; and, besides, such hives cost more, and it is much harder work to handle them. I do not think the locality makes much difference to the specialist about the right size of hive. Of course, it might make a difference as to the time, and amount to be fed. I be- lieve I can make more in any locality with frames in the 8- frame hive than I can with the same number of frames in larger ones ; for my evperieuce has been that, as a general thing, S frames are enough for the best queens we can get at the present time. In saying " the best queens," I do not mean those that are the most prolific. I have had queens that would keep 10, and in a few cases even 12, frames full of brood ; but these queens needed to be prolific, for their bees were so short-lived that these colonies could not store as much surplus as others whose queens did not keep 8 frames full. Again, I have had very prolific queens whose bees lived long enough ; but they were worthless so far as surplus honey was concerned, for their entire time and attention seemed to be devoted to rearing bees, and swarming. Sometimes we see reports of queens that will keep 12, or even 14, frames full of brood, and their bees store a large surplus. I have had two or three such queens ; but they are very rare, and hard to get; and if we could get them, would they be any better? Suppose we had queens that would lay as much as two of the very best ones we now have : could we get any more surplus for the same number of workers, or per frame, than we now do ? I do not believe wc could, from my experience. I believe that, after a colony gets to a certain strength — a strength with the right kind of queen — the 8- frame hive gives ample room to develop, and they will store as much or more for the same number of workers as one much larger : and I had much rather produce 200 pounds of honey in two 8-frame hives than I would in one 16-frame hive. Some of the advocates of large hives tell us that bees in such hives will rear a good many more bees during the latter part of the season, and thus have more bees for winter ; and that, such being the case, they will winter better and build up faster in the spring. I will admit that colonies in large hives of 12 or 14 frames will rear more bees at a time when there is nothing for them to do. This is why colonies in big hives do not store as much surplus. It takes a good deal of honey to rear and keep these extra bees over winter — enough so that, in large apiaries, it would amount to .SlOO or more; and with me they generally die off in the spring before they have done much if any good. But I winter in cellars altogether. In out-door wintering it may be quite different, and the same may be true of deep frames. I have better success in winter- ing with bees on the standard frames than I do on those that are deeper. The past winter was, for certain reasons, very hard on bees in this locality, whether they were in cellars or out-doors; and at present some of the strongest colonies that I have are in S-frame dovetailed hives ; audi have colonies in hives of many shapes, styles, and sizes — many more than I shall next year, if the present season proves a good one. — Gleanings. Southern Minnesota. California Prospects— Bee-Paralysis, Etc. BY H. F. JOHANNING. It seems to me the bee-keepers of Southern California must have had all the whim and enthusiasm taken out of them the last two or three years, or else that " stiff upper lip," which is generally predominant in California, is begin- ning to quiver, or possibly some of us are being somewhat cured of the old California style, which is— If you can't report grand achievements or glorious prospects for the future, keep quiet, don't say a word. Some of us, through sad experience, have found that it is better not to be too previous in heralding the glad tidings of future anticipations and prospects, al- though everything be favorable so far as we can see, for even in California, where any one can forecast the weather, there might be a change (as is the case this year) in the regular order of the atmosphere. The weather had been very favorable until about April 20, this season ; the early rains and the invigorating rays of our old friend Sol, started everything growing at least a month earlier than usual. I have lived in California nearly 12 years, and I have never seen a greater profusion and variety of flowers from about the middle of January up to date (May 2) than this year. The ground has been literally covered ever since — when one kind begins to fade and die another takes its place. It has been as the girl said, " Beautiful, grand, sub- lime." The rains and sunshine were so evenly distributed that had we ordered it so, it could not have been better, until the last two weeks it has been so foggy and rainy (scarcely giving the bees a chance to work or take a flight), and there is no telling when it is going to let up, for it is letting (yes, almost pouring) down at present. If it continues this way much longer, we won't be " in It" at all for honey. We are losing nearly all of the wild alfalfa honey, and the white sage is blossoming now, too (about a month earlier than usual) ; the black (or button) sage is past, and yielded a good flow where it abounds (very little in this locality), but the worst of all is that the bees are suffering severely (the stronger colo- nies) from what we formerly called the " trembles," because they come out of the hive (when the weather permits), stand around awhile, shake and tremble, then whir! around a few times, turn upside down, and — well, they don't tremble any longer. But we now call It "bee-paralysis," because all the bee-papers seem to adopt that name for the disease. Although we bee-keepers adopt the name, I for one do not adopt the causes and cures given by the bee-papers (or by their contribu- tors). I wish to say right here that I am not writing for fame, neither to dispute what any one has written on this subject ; everybody has (or ought to have) an opinion of his or her own, and no one need take what I have to say on the subject for more than it was intended — an idea, a suggestion. I am no authority, only a novice in bee-keeping. I think there are several probable causes of this bee-paralysis, and those causes combined institute the trouble. Improper ventilation, un- favorable weather, scarcity of honey, too much pollen, etc.; the latter is the principal or chief cause, I think. When the hive gets chock-full of bees, and no more ventilation is given, the air will be more or less contaminated, and the bees will begin to feel badly. The weather being disagreeable, the bees can't get out, and a scarcity of unsealed honey may induce them to eat (or feed to the young bees) more pollen than is good for their welfare ; and the next thing will be a griping — no, not that, but constipation. Now. may be Drs. Miller and Brown can help us out of the dilemma, and give us a prescrip- tion, and about the amount for a dose per colony, and I think the trouble will soon end, any way in this locality, for one doctor has tried such a remedy with good results. I have observed such sick bees for two seasons previous, have never lost but one colony with the disease, and am satis- fied that pollen is the chief cause. I have never (to my knowledge) found a colony that had plenty of ventilation and uncapped honey, and a comparatively small amount of pollen, sick with that disease ; neither have I found any of my colo- nies sick, that had swarmed early, and I always find that the sick colonies consume nearly all the pollen brought in ; yet I may be mistaken, and do not wish to dispute what others have to say on the subject. It does not, however, always take a great and wise man to stumble over a straw. I use the S-frame Langstroth hive, and think its capacity aboutright for this locality, and to my idea, but for extract- ing I prefer a frame about three inches shorter, about the same depth, and then about 10 frames would make it good. I have 70 colonies in pretty good condition, and about 10 weak ones. I don't care for increase, and would give a large button if I could entirely prevent it, and still keep them in working trim, but I can't do it; they'll either swarm or else loaf around the hive more or less. I find that by spacing close, I prevent (or at least I think I do) braces between the combs. I fully agree with Mr. Wallenmeyer, of Evansville, Ind., on the question of full sheets of foundation, and it Isn't be- cause I am an old Hoosler, either (when only a boy I was in an Indiana drug-store), but because I get nice, straight, full worker-combs, and not one-third drone. I had to pay for my experience, too. Etiwanda, Calif. [Why not give the remedy for bee-paralysis a trial as sug- gested by Messrs. Alderman & Roberts, on page 364 ? It may be the very thing. Try it, and then report results. — Ed.] Xlisit I%eM' Song: — " Queenie Jeanette" — which is being sung everywhere, we can send you for 40 cents, postpaid, or club it with the American Bee Journal for one year— both for only Jil.lO. Or, send us one new subscriber for a year (with $1.00), and we will mail you a copy of the song free. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 377 CONDnCTED BY D'R. C. C. MILLER, JMAJiBNGO, ILL. [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Ur. Miller direct. 1 An Important Notice. If any of the friends send questions and don't find answers to the same, the most probable reason is that I have not been told where answers were desired. I like to be accommodat- ing, but when you send a question and don't say whether you want the answer in the American Bee Journal, Stockman or where, how can I answer ? So when you don't get any an- swer, if vou haven't given me the right information in the first place, just send a card and tell me where you want the answer. No use to send any stamp. To those who occasionally send a stamp and say they don't want any answer in print but by letter, I must regret- fully say that I am so hard driven for time that the only course left for me is to leave such questions unanswered. Occasionally some one thinks that when a stamp is enclosed, that 2 cents entitles him to a dollar answer. A little reflec- tion will show the unreasonableness of this. I always dread opening a letter that has a stamp in it. Consult your own convenience as to whether you send your questions to the editor or directly to me, only when you have nothing else to write to the editor about, it may make a little quicker work to send direct to me. C. C. Miller. Dysentery Killed Them. What killed my bees ? About the middle of November, 1S95, I put five colonies into the cellar, all seemingly in good condition with plenty of stores. About the middle of Feb- ruary I noticed they were spotting their hives badly. They seemed to be dwindling away fast after that; by March 15 they were all dead, with plenty of honey left. On opening the hives I found the bottom covered with dead bees and mold ; also the combs and sides were moldy. There was nothing over the frames but the cover. Could I have done anything to have saved them ? G. H. P. Lake Villa, III. Answer. — The trouble was dysentery. Very likely you might have done something for them by seeing to the tem- perature and ventilation of the cellar. A thorough airing out of the cellar is a good thing at any time, for you can't expect bees to live in good health if the air is foul. If the cellar was too cold, raising the temperature to -±0 or 50'-^, and keeping it there would help. Possibly the hives themselves were too close, for no matter how uure the air may be in the cellar, if the hives are so close that the same air is too much confined in them, the pure air of the cellar does little good. Questions About Patents and a Reward. In the last number of the American Apiculturist [page 35] I read : "The sum of .S50 will be paid to any one who will make an improvement on the queen-trap as now con- structed." Well, this day [May 22] I have made a great improve- ment on the trap. Please let me know whether I can get the improvement patented ; or, in other words, can I get a patent on an improvement of another patent? Then let me know how I am to go about it to get the above reward. J. C. K. Answer. — You can patent an invention of your own that is an improvement on some other invention which is patented, and the man that had the original patent must get permission from you to use your patent. Equally, however, you must get permission from him if you use his patent. In other words, your patented improvement gives you no right to use the in- vention you have improved upon ; so that there must be some sort of an arrangement between you, if your invention is such that it cannot be used independently. With regard to getting the .§50 reward — that's a private matter between you and the one offering the reward ; or, in other words, simply a matter of purchase and sale — you de- liver the goods, and he pays the money. But in this case there may be a question whether it was the intention to pay a reward for an improvement that should not go into the full possession of the one paying for the improvement, and I should hardly think you could patent the improvement and have full control of it, and still get the $50. For in that case, what would you give in exchange for the $50'? A Colorado Honey-Plant. I mail you a sample of plant in bloom. It is the earliest bloom we have in wild flowers, and the bees work on it more than any other flowers we have. It grows in stools like alfalfa, from 25 to 400 or more stalks and flowers. It grows on white, thin land, and has a large white taproot. It needs no irrigation. The flowers last about 25 days. It comes in early, and is just the thing we need to start the bees in the spring. It is quite abundant along the highways and in pas- tures. Please give the name of it in the Bee Journal. Bees are in fine condition in this locality, but no sale for honey. D. R. Las Animas, Colo., April 30. Answer. — The box and flowers were smashed in the mail, the latter being dried up, but I don't believe I could have told anything about it even if I had seen it growing, for I suspect it's some plant that belongs to that wonderful Bora of yours that has never deigned to grow in this region. From your description it must be of much importance, and perhaps would flourish elsewhere. You ought to be able to find out about it by writing to the botanist at your agricultural college. Spring Desertion — Secreting Beeswax. 1. On April 19 I moved my bees out of the cellar, and on the 20th three colonies deserted their hives, leaving plenty of honey and small patches of brood ; also since, others have gone out of their hives in the same way, at different times up to the present date, May 2(3. Why do bees leave their hives ? 2. On May 24 we found on the underside of the honey- boards on two hives what appeared to be rendered beeswax. I will send you a sample of it ? Do bees make pure wax ? or what is it? H. B. Rossie, N. Y. Answers. — 1. I suppose the trouble might be called "spring desertion," although that doesn't tell much about it. If bees run short of stores they desert, and are then called " hunger swarms." Sometimes it seems as if they desert be- cause they have dwindled away in numbers, and haven't bees enough to properly cover the brood, although there is plenty of honey in the hive. Then, again, they desert when it seems there is no good excuse at all. One thing, however, I think you may always count on, and that is, that such desertion never takes place with good, strong colonies. Sometimes they desert, and then if forced to return they reform and live good lives afterward. That suggests the plan of confining the queen to the hive by means of a queen-excluder, for if the queen cannot leave the hive the bees may return and behave themselves. 2. 'The sample received seems to be beeswax, very nice and white. I have known my bees when fed continuously for a time to deposit pure white wax on the feeder — what for I don't know. It was put on just as propolis is daubed on. Probably yours is a case somewat similar. If you could get the bees to do that sort of thing regularly, and always pro- duce as nice an article as the sample sent — a lump as big as a large pea — you might make some profit raising wax. The Laying Queen Flew Away. My bees came out of the cellar in fine condition, but when I opened one hive to see if they were all right, the queen flew away and did not return. So I united the colony with another, after a few days, as they destroyed their brood, and had no chance to rear a new queen. Is it a common occur- rence for a queen to do so ? Everything was in good condi- tion in the hive, and there were eggs and larvae in two combs. The rest of my bees are doing well, drones are flying, and queen-cells are quite numerous. M. W. Nimrod, Minn., May 19. Answer. — It certainly is unusual for a laying queen to fly away when the hive is opened, and unusual also for the bees to destroy their brood, or fail to start queen-cells. There seems something abnormal about the whole case. 378 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 13, What Caused the Bees to Die P What is the matter with my bees ? This morning I went to look at them and found lots of dead and dying bees on the ground. They would come out of the hive and alight on the ground and die. Lots coming back loaded with pollen would alight at the bee-entrance and go no further. It looked hard to see the ground covered with bees in such a short time, and no help for it. My three colonies were in the same condi- tion. I opened some of the hives and found a nasty, dark brown, thick liquid in them — it looked to me as if they got something that poisoned them. I know of nothing that I can do to help them. They have been falling down all day, out of the air, and cannot fly again. If this keeps on for three or four days, I will have none left. I never saw a stronger lot of bees than they were Saturday, and on Sunday morning they were in bad condition. E. F. Portland, Maine, May 25. Answer. — The only thing I can think of is poison of some kind, and I can't suggest any remedy. It seems a very sad case. Please let us know the final outcome. Conducted by "BEE-MASTER." What Constitutes an Italian Queen, and a Purely- mated Italian Queen i These are questions that seem to engage the minds of many bee-keepers, owing, I believe, to the many discussions going on in several of our bee-papers, about this much-abused race of yellow bees. It is rather amusing to read the com- ments made by several editors of bee-papers. Take, for in- stance, those made by the editor of Gleanings. Scarcely a paper comes to hand but contains some comment, either orig- inal or copied from other journals, denouncing this yellow race of bees. If it is possible to have them banished from our land, some certainly are determined to leave no stone unturned to accomplish this end. If those who are so keen to place barriers in the way of progress could rear and maintain the yellow race as easily as they can the hybrids they call " pure Italians," (because their worker progeny show three yellow bands) the yellow race would at once be accepted as the coming bee. The great ditfi- culty in perpetuating the distinct characteristics makes this a hard matter with the rank and file of bee-keepers. It will continue to be so until yellow drones predominate to the ex- tent that black drones now do. This may take half a century to accomplish. If the editors of some of our papers keep up the crusade as they have done in the past, we may bid fare- well to the advancement of bee-culture on this line. We are glad to know, however, that all bee-keepers do not write for or edit bee-journals, but know a good thing when they see it. As bee-keepers, we have been led to believe that the queen is the most potent factor in transmitting qualities, v/hen we should have been taught to look to the drone. It is an ascer- tained fact that all breeders of thoroughbred stock who have risen to eminence admit the male to be the chief part of the herd. This is a subject of great interest, and wide scope, but will be confined in the present article to the observations of the writer, as it would take up too much space to go into the matter fully as to the origin of this race, and ho\v color is pro- duced. This may at some future date be done. Before making an attempt to explain my views on this subject, let me draw your attention to the law of similarity. This is one of the plainest and most certain of the laws of Nature. Children resemble their parents, and they do so he- cause this is hereditary. The law is constant within certain limits. Progeny always and everywhere resemble their par- ents. If this were not so, there would be no constancy of species. For in all time we find repeated, in the offspring, the instincts and all the general characteristics of the parents, and never those of another species. Such is the law of Nature, and hence the axiom, " Like produces like." Now if we get what the generality of queen-breeders call a pure Italian queen, is there a similarity, or like producing like, in their progeny ? According to the views of some who sell and breed queens, any kind of a queen that produces three-banded bees is recognized as being a pure Italian. That, in ray opinion, is no proof whatever, as will be shown, but the prevalence of this idea shows how little interest is taken in the purity of our bees. A pure queen is one that will duplicate herself in her drone progeny, whether black, gray or yellow. A pure black queen will always produce pure black drones and every one so. A pure Carniolan will produce the same caste as the mother, and a pure Italian will produce yellow drones — as yel- low as the mother. How many, in getting pure Italian queens, find the drones as yellow as the queens, and every one so ? I am afraid, if you look closely into this matter, the drones will be found a very mixed or mottled race. If that is the case, then you have not got a pure queen. Why ? Because like produces like. Drones have no father, the queen having the power of parthenogenesis complete within herself as far as drone progeny is concerned. The drone progeny never be- comes affected by the queen being fertilized, because the drone, when copulation takes place, discharges only one polar body, which is female, and therefore influences only the worker-bees. Any parties who assert to the contrary are ig- norant of the facts of the case. Having disposed of this ques- tion, we come to a second, viz.: What constitutes a purely-mated Italian queen ? A purely-mated Italian queen will produce uniformly-marked workers, yellow to the tip, completely so on the under side of the abdomen, but the best proof is to produce queens from the worker-eggs of the previous queen, and if they produced per- fectly yellow drones, that would be positive proof of their mother's purity, and also that she was purely mated. I know whereof I speak, and if you give one dash of pure black blood to a pure Italian queen, it will take IT generations to breed it out again. In other words, 17 straight crosses of pure blood, and some of the drones would not be extra yellow at that. Some would show a little bronze on the last segment of the ab- domen. At the 16th cross the workers will be perfect, but the drone progeny will show a percentage jet black, or nearly so, up to the 16th generation, showing conclusively that the characteristic of color is more indelible in the drone than the worker. If we want to improve our raice of bees, and do so rapidly, we must look a little more to the drone than we have heretofore done, for the transmitting of characteristics. This brings me to a third question : How can a queen or drone transmit instincts or characteristics that neither ever possessed ? Color, disposition, and constitution no doubt are transmitted through both. Farther than this I cannot go without calling in the aid of a third party, which seems to me to play an important part in transmitting qualities, that is, the drones from laying workers. Having now in my posses- sion the offspring of queens mated from that source, such queens, in my opinion, may not be so long lived as those mated by drones the offspring of fertilized queens ; but there cer- tainly is no difference in their offspring, to all appearance. They lay eggs just as good and plentiful as any other queen, and work as vigorously. Queens were superseded last season ; had they been queens properly mated, that is to say, with drones from fertile queens, supersedure may have taken place the same. They survived long enough so that through their offspring the instincts and all the general characteristics of the parents were transmitted. There is no doubt we have this class of laying workers ever present. They were ob- served by the writer many years ago in extracting from the upper stories with queen-excluders. I found where drone- combs were used that often drone-brood was present. At first I thought the queen had been there, but close observation re- vealed the fact that it was the work of laying workers, a queen being in the brood-chamber. Seeing that such is the case, there is nothing surer than that they are ever present, and through their instrumeutalily habits, instincts, and all the general characteristics of bee-nature are transmitted, which neither queens nor drones — the offspring of queens — ever possessed. It therefore becomes a necessity in the workers to be drone-layers, or how do they know how to build drone-cells, having inherited no such tact through mother, father or any predecessor, unless through their own male descendants? Thus the drones from laying workers are a po- tent factor in transmitting certain characteristics. We see the best evidence of this in a young swarm becom- ing queenless. They have a perfect knowledge of their con- dition, constructing drone-cells only, and if allowed would fill them with drone eggs. Introduce a queen, fertile or unfertile, and the construction of drone-cells immediately ceases. Does not that look as if they were governed by reason? And, moreover, they as a rule select drone-cells to lay in, and seem to know their business better than an unfertile queen. They don't seem to realize their condition and lay promiscuously. Comparing the labors of a queen-wasp and a queen-bee, I am inclined to look upon a queen-bee as being a degradation. Toronto, Out. John McArthur. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 379 CONDUCTED BY DR. J. p. H. BROWX, AUGUSTA^, GA.. [Please send all questions relating to bee-keeping in the South direct to Dr. Brown, and he will answer in this department.— Ed. 1 Two Queens in a Hive — Feeding the Queen. Dr. Beown : — 1. Have bees ever been known to tolerate more than one fertile queen in the same brood-nest at the same time ? 2. Can queen-bees feed themselves independent of the worker-bees? I. S. Long, W. Va. Answers. — 1. Yes, sir ; they frequently do under certain conditions. For instance, a queen is getting old, and the bees proceed to rear another to supersede her. This young fertile queen I have often seen on one side of the comb laying, and the old one on the opposite side engaged in the same act. The bees would seem to tolerate this upon the assumption that the old mother would soon be gone, and it is not worth while to hasten her departure. 2. Yes ; but judging from their actions they much prefer being fed. Bees Moving Eggs — One Instance. At various times I have seen reference made in the Ameri- can Bee Journal to the question of bees moving eggs. Some writers flatly deny that this has ever occurred, but I knoiv of at least one instance where bees moved eggs from one comb to another, and I would not be surprised to at any time find a queenless colony rearing a queen from an egg stolen from a neighboring hive. This would not happen often, perhaps, for the reason that laying workers would generally Interfere. Early in the spring I had a colony become queenless. As soon as I noticed their condition I gave them a frame of brood from my breeding queen. They reared a queen, but she was lost at mating time, I suppose. By the time I discovered her loss, all brood had hatched. I gave them another comb con- taining eggs, and on examination a week later, I found several queen-cells on the comb I had given them, and two or three on each of the adjoining combs which were empty of brood, and contained but little honey. Some of these cells were on the outside of the combs. I suspected laying workers, but to make sure of this very matter of the moving of eggs, I cut one of the cells (after it was sealed) from the outside of one of these empty combs, put it in a West cell-protector, and placed it in a nucleus formed for the purpose. In due time a queen, in all respects, hatched from that cell. No laying workers developed in the old colony, as I could find no more eggs in any of the empty combs. This colony now has a fertile queen. Holly Hill, Fla. C. S. Harris. A Bunch of Kiniis Reviewed. That " Bunch of Very Short Kinks," on page 278, con- firms the oft-repeated theory of the past, and conceded fact of the present, that experiences differ in different localities, and that that which is attended with success in one locality, would often prove a " dismal failure " elsewhere. ANTS — GREAT SOUTHERN BEE -ENEMIES. Mr. Scott's ant-preventive may keep them from "nesting under the cover," but the Southern bee-keeper is more inter- ested in preventing them from destroying his bees. It is questionable if any bee-enemy in the South causes as much annoyance as do ants. To open a hive of bees that have fallen a prey to these merciless nocturnal marauders is a spectacle eminently calculated to incite the deepest sympathy for the industrious little victims, and a war of extermination against the invaders. The ants congregate by thousands at night around and over the hive, making their attack ex ahrupto, biting off the legs and wings of the bees, thus disabling them, and with the advantage of their sting-proof armor and power- ful jaws, the total destruction of a colony is but a short job, and the morning light reveals to the apiarist a writhing mass of helpless, living, dismembered bodies heaped upon the bottom-board.. In localities where, by the frequent visits of these pests, the vigilant apiarist has become familiar with the " cry," he readily recognizes their prasence in an apiary by walking quietly through the yard at night. As he knows the satisfied hum of a hiving swarm, the contented hum in the hive at the close of a day's work, the piping of rival queens, the note of an angry bee, the hollow [?] hum of a queenless colony when disturbed by smoke, or the sound of a swarm in the air, so he knows the clearly-audible notes which emanate from a colony invaded by ants. It is like the hopeless cry for help, pathetic in tone of expression, and simultaneously arouses the sympa- thetic and punitive nature of the apiarist to the utmost. Oil or fire, or both, applied at their nest, I believe, is the only effectual, practical means to be employed in a large apiary, while the oiled string is no safeguard against destruction by ants, in any case. CAPPING THAT HAS A WATERY APPEARANCE. From the same " bunch :" "A queen whose bees cap the honey so it has a watery appearance should be superseded by one whose bees cap the honey white." If the queen is other- wise desirable, better give her colony an extracting " story," and furnish the one possessing superior comb honey traits with a super of sections. Possibly, by this management the former would prove more profitable than her proposed suc- cessor. FIFTY OR ONE HUNDRED COLONIES — WHICH ? Mr. Scott's claim that 50 colonies well managed will make more money than 100 carelessly handled, may be a fact, but why not increase the revenue 100 per cent, by giving 100 the same care bestowed upon 50 — as to care for 50 colonies " well " supposes the attention and watchful care of one per- son, while if so disposed, he could as " well " manage 150 ? EQUALIZING THE STRENGTH OF COLONIES. Again, we are advised that a good way to equalize the strength of colonies is to "move them around." Now, that wouldn't work here, either. The result of such a practice would be quite the reverse, for the percentage of loss would be greater with the weaker colonies than with the stronger ones, and while all would probably be weaker, they would not be made uniformly weak. "Gleaner" thinks that by the ex- change, the weaker colony would gain. Perhaps it would, but the chances against it are numerous, especially if prac- ticed at a time when honey is scarce in the field. Aside from the loss of workers resulting from their own warfare, nothing could be better designed to excite robbing. New Smyrna, Fla. H. E. Hill. Why Italian Bees are Preferable. Dr. Brown : — I have an apiary of black bees which are very gentle. Do you think I could better myself by getting Italian queens '? If so, what kind, leather-colored or golden ? I want the gentlest and best regardless of color. Of course, I prefer the goldens, if they are as good. R. E. P. Grifton, N. C. Answer. — The Italians are preferable to the blacks, not only because they are better workers, but they are more easily handled ; besides, better looking. The leather-colored I have found to average the best workers ; for " beauty " I prefer the golden, and when bred for business they " score " well as honey-gatherers. Some of the yellow strains have Cyprian blood in them, which makes thera vindictive and great swarm- ers — both objectionable qualities. Honey as I''oo«l aiitl ;^Ie«liciiie. — A new and revised edition of this 33-page pamphlet is now issued. It has 5 blank pages on which to write or paste recipes taken from other sources. It is just what its name indicates, and should be liberally dis- tributed among the people everywhere to create a demand for honey. It contains a number of recipes on the use of honey as food and as medicine, besides much other interesting and valuable information. Prices, postpaid, are : Single copy, 5 cts. ; 10 copies 35 cts. ; 50 for .?1..50 ; 100 for $3.50. Better give them a trial. Send all orders to the Bee Journal office. Only One Cent a Copy for copies of the American Bee Journal before Jan. 1, 1895. We have them running back for about 10 years. But you must let us select them, as we cannot furnish them in regular order, and probably not any particular copies. Just send us as many one-cent stamps as you may want old copies, and we will mail them to you. 380 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 13, PUBLISHED WEEKLY UY GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, HG fifth Jl.\'onue, - CHICA^GO, IT^r,. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. [Entered at the Post-Offlce at ChicaKO as Second-Class Mail-Matter.] VflinXV. CEICA&O, ILL, JDNE 13, 1895. No. 24, '-T'^ ▼ T T T T ▼ ▼ ▼ T T T ■ ' T T T TT-^ Editorial Budget* Xbe First Piumber of the monthly Southland Queen has been received at this oEBce. It has 26 pages in all, and is published b_v the Jennie Atchley Co. The Kansas Bee Journal says this in its June issue: " So far, the only exchanges that are always on time are Gleanings and American Bee Journal. Some are only occasionals, and very late ones at that." Would the saying, " Better late than never," apply to some of the " occasionals ?" The Apiculturist for March, April and May is all in one number, I notice by two other bee-papers. It has not been received at this office as yet— June 6. Gleanings asks, •'Is it a quarterly?" I should say yes, at least for once, and I see it reported that it "may be issued quarterly the re- mainder of the year." But isn't 75 cents a pretty big price for four numbers of the Apiculturist? No "Stra-ws" were found in Gleanings for June 1, so for once it was "all wheat." It was the first time since " Stray Straws" have been published, that the usual install- ment failed to arrive. Their absence must have been caused by an accidental delay or oversight. But may be Dr. Miller's " straw stack" melted down during the hot weather, and so he's out of straw{s) as well as out of sorts. Just for a change he might furnish some " good grain " instead of " catching at straws " and landing a bunch twice a month ! Bee-Keeping ?Jot a Xuisance is the title of an S-page pamphlet re-issued by the National Bee-Keepers' Union. It is a full history of the lawsuit between Mr. Z. A. Clark and the city of Arkadelphia, Ark., in 1887. Copies may be obtained free by addressing the General Manager, Thomas G. Newman, 147 South Western Ave., Chicago, 111. Mr. Newman, in the closing paragraph of the pamphlet, says : This decision of the Supreme Court is a document that will become of great use as a precedent. It will be a guide for the rulings of judges — for the information of juries — and for the regulation of those who may dare to interfere with a re- spectable pursuit by law or otherwise. Reduced Freight Rates.— Mr. J. T. Ripley, the gentlemanly chairman of the Western Classification Commit- tee, upon ray request, has kindly furnished the following in- formation relating to the reduction of freight rates applied for on May 8, by Dr. Miller, as chairman of the committee ap- pointed for the purpose by the North American Bee-Keepers' Association, at its last meeting : Chicago, III., June 5, 1895. Mr. George W. York, Editor American Bee Journal. Dear Sir : — Answering your favor of the 4th inst. At a late meeting of this Committee the following changes in classi- fication on honey were agreed upon, viz.: Honey, in comb, in boxes, with glass fronts, fronts not protected, now rated at two times first-class, was made first- class. Extracted honey, now provided for in tin cans, boxed, and in kegs at second-class, was made fourth-class. Extracted honey, in barrels, now provided for at third- class, was also made fourth-class. Yours truly, J. T. Riplev, Chairman. N. B. — I am advised that the Western Freieht Associa- tion have made K. D. bee-hives and honey-box lumber ratable the same as lumber, taking effect June 1, 1895. The other changes referred to above take effect July 1, 1895. J. T. R. I think Dr. Miller should be congratulated by bee-keepers upon the success attending his efforts in this matter. The Ep'wortti Herald is the ofBcial organ of the Epworth League — the young people's society of the Methodist Episcopal Church — which now has a membership of over 1,000,000. The Herald, under the magnificent editorship of Dr. Joseph F. Berry (my personal and esteemed friend and neighbor) is now crowding the 100,000 mark. The issue for June 1 was a double (S2-page) number, wonderfully rich in illustration and character of contents. Aside from its relig- ious selections, it is a grand number for the general reader. I wish everybody could read it — young and old — whether Methodist or not. The yearly subscription price is $1.00 — a remarkably small sum for such a fine weekly. Send 5 cents in stamps for a copy of the double number, dated June 1. Address, Cranston & Curts, Publishers, 57 E. Washington St., Chicago, III. .*—*• Hon. Christopher Grimm. Christopher Grimm was born on March 18, 1828, at Holenbrun, Bavaria, Germany. His early days were spent in obtaining a fair education, such as the times and circum- stances afforded, and in learning and practicing practical farming. His father was one of those quaint but admirable characters whose whole desire seemed concentrated in bring- ing up his children inured to hard work and rigidly honest. Christopher Grimm left the parental roof on April 29, 1846, and struck out for America to seek his fortune. He landed at Quebec, Canada, but soon left for Milwaukee, Wis., and finally located at Terre Haute, Ind. He at first worked upon a farm ; but as soon as he had saved up sufficient to give him a start, he began the grocery business, and continued the same until he moved to Jefferson, Wis., in 1865. At Jeffer- son he again engaged in the mercantile business, and con- tinued in the same for a number of years. His brother, the late Adam Grimm, was during this time winning for himself fame as one of the foremost and success- ful bee-keepers of the country ; and when one day a swarm of bees passed over Christopher's place, and he captured them (and they in turn captured him), it gave to the bee-keeping world another earnest and successful worker. It is needless to recount how his love for the business and success in the same grew apace, until he gradually became known as one of the most successful bee-keepers of the country. His apiaries at times exceeded a thousand colonies, and his love for the busy little workers never left him. The last trip of his life was made on the day of his death, April 20, 1895, and was a visit to one of his apiaries. It was 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 881 a beautiful sprins day, and he seemed as full of life and hap- piness as his little friends just awakening to Nature's new beauties ; but before six o'clock in the afternoon his heart had ceased to beat, and the sad news sent a chill through the city where he lived. Christopher Grimm was a man of such sterling worth, uncompromising honesty, so kind and helpful to every one, so sought after for advice, so unl3inching in the discharge of duty, and so true to friendship, that his many virtues almost made one forget the fact that his fortunes and his character were, so far as suc'h can ever be, the result of his own efforts. The American Bee Journal has always found in Mr. Grimm a careful and appreciative reader, and we feel our loss, and extend to those more closely linked our hearty sympathy. The Apiarian Premium List of the Minnesota State Fair tor 1895 is on ray desk. The Fair will be held at Hamliue, Sept. 9 to 14 inclusive. There should be a good display of apiarian products, as the list of premiums is quite generous. Mr. J. P. West, of Hastings, Minn., is' the Super- intendent of the bee and houey department. Those interested can address E. W. Randall, Secretary, Hamline, Minn., for a copy of the complete premium list of the 36th Annual Fair of Minnesota. The apiarian premiums offered are as follows : DIVISION H. — HONEY, BKE8 AND APIARIAN SUPPLIES. iiOt. lst.2nd.3rd. 1. Most attractive display and best quality of white clover honey $12 $8 $4 2. Most attractive display and best quality of basswood or linden honey 12 8 •! 3. Most attractive display and best quality of ex- tracted white clover honey 12 8 i 4. Most attractive display and best quality of ex- tracted basswood or linden honey 12 8 4 5. Most attractive display and best quality of fall comb honey 12 8 4 6. Most attractive and finest display of comb honey 8 4 2 7. Most attractive and finest display of extracted honey 8 4 2 8. Most attractive and finest display of comb honey, not less than 20 lbs., and the manner of putting up for market considered 8 4 2 9. Nucleus of Italian bees, and queen ' 8 4 10. Collection of different races of queens 8 4 11. Beeswax, not less than 10 lbs.,soft,bright yel- low to have the preference 3 2 12. Honey-vinegar, not less than one gallon, to be exhibited in glass 2 1 13. Display of apiarian supplies and implements. 8 5 14. Largest and best variety of uses that honey may be applied to : illustrated by individual samples of different things into which it en- ters : cakes, pastry, meats, etc 15 5 GRAND SWEEPSTAKES. 15. Largest, best and most attractive exhibition in this department, all thingsconsidered. .. . 15 8 5 RULES GOVERNINfi EXHIBITS. Exhibitors must be residents of Minnesota. A breach of these regulations, or of any rule of this society will forfeit all premiums that may be awarded. All honey must be the product of bees within the State, and the bees owned by the exhibitor. Exhibitors in Lot 14 must be bee-keepers, and produce their own honey. No entries received after]^Sept. 7. A It 4^ of Bee-Cailtiire. — We have some of these books left, and in order to close them out quickly, we renew the low offers we made on them. This is the fine cyclopedia of bee-keeping by A. I. Root, containing 400 pages and nearly 200 engravings. The regular price is SI. 35. but we will send the American Bee Jour- nal one year and the "ABC" bound in cloth— both for only -SI. 80 ; or the parchment cover (very heavy paper) "A B C" and the American Bee Journal one year — both together only $1.50. /Vr90t;)g \\)^ Bee-Papers Conducted by " GLBAX^ER.' WAX FROM CAPPING8. I find from careful tests, that from each pound of capped honey, the cappings, if saved, will make on an average about H ounce of beeswax. This is quite an item when beeswax is 30 cents, and extracted honey 4 or 5 cents. I have saved as much as 50 pounds of wax from 30 colonies, run for extracted honey [spring count], just from cappings with scrapings of hives and frames. — Clark A. Montague, in Gleanings. F. L. THOMPSON'S PUZZLES. On page 359, F. L. Thompson gives some back talk about the size of hives that will puzzle some of his opponents to re- ply to, and I must confess to being a little puzzled to know just what he means when quoting my expression " frames an eighth larger" he says he thought it was " a fourth." I was speaking of 6 frames 16x9, and then said, "What will be said to that by those who want 10 or 12 frames an eighth larger in size?" Of course I meant the common size, 17%x 9J^'. Isn't that an eighth larger thau the 16x9 frame ? In the one frame are 144 square inches and in the other 160, and doesn't 160 come within 2 of being an eighth more than 144 ? There's a misunderstanding somewhere, and I am not sure where it is, and it will be a relief to have Mr. Thompson settle whether the joke is on me or him. SPRING AND SUMMER FEEDING. Spring and summer feeding of bees is so much easier done by feeding out-of-doors that we feed that way almost exclu- sively unless we know of a hive or more that is clear out, and then we give a comb of honey or one good feed in the hive at night. We keep our feeder at the east side of our honey- house, where the water runs off the house and keeps it full of fresh, clean water whenever it rains, and this helps to keep water out for the bees, and at the same time keeps the feeder from drying up if we forget to keep water in it. Just now we are feeding only by putting the syrup in feeders in the even- ing, and on top of the feeder we set some black sections of honey-dew, as we don't care to feed much honey-dew by itself; then we cover over the feeder so as to shed oft' the rain should it come in the night. The bees work at the feed late in the evening and early in the morning, and have it all taken up before the neighbors' bees, two or three miles away, come around, and then they have the day to go to the woods and orchards. — Mrs. L. C. Axtell, in Gleanings. CARNIOLAN AND BLACK BEES. Bro. Abbott wouders (page 302) that any one has trouble distinguishing between blacks and Carniolans. Have to fix that up, Bro. Abbott, with the friends of the latter race, and those who have them for sale. When they say that the only way to tell them apart is by their actions, it isn't any wonder that those who are not familiar with either blacks or Carniolans should not be able to tell them apart at first sight. There is a good deal in being familiar with a thing, however. What may be easy for you may be difficult for one unfamiliar with Carniolans. I remeinber the time when to me one negro looked about the same as every other negro, for I had never seen half a dozen of them. B. TAYLOR'S HIVE AND MANAGEMENT. His hive, as reported in Gleanings, has 10 frames lSi4 inches long by 8% de?p. As soon as the hive is well filled with brood, a second hive of the same dimensions is added, more or less filled with honey. " In this system each colony will have two hives at swarming-time. We will give each colony run for comb honey, cases of sections early, for we do not care whether they swarm early or late. We will keep them storing surplus with- out swarming at all, as long as plenty of room will do it ; but we will use no force measures to prevent swarming ; for, after the most searching effort in that direction, we are now thor- oughly convinced that it cannot be profitably done. When the swarm does finally come (if it does), we will hive it in a hive contracted to eight frames or less; remove all surplus cases from the old to the new swarm ; set it on the old stand, turn the entrance of the parent colony in an opposite direction on the vacant space on the same stand to be requeened, and the two colonies will be united again after the white honey-flow." After the white honey-flow (basswood), sections are re- 382 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 13, moved, combs take the place of the two dummies, a queen-ex- cluder is given, on which is put a hive filled with foundation, or else the two colonies are united, the swarm being placed on top of the mother colony, the old queen being removed. Other hives are added on top if needed, and at the end of the season all above the excluder are removed and abundance of stores given to the colony. WEIGHING BEES TO ASCERTAIN THE STORES. Mr. Abbott (page 350) thinks the ordinary mortal who expects to make money out of bees must learn to take a shorter cut than to weigh his colonies to decide about the amount of stores. But there is such a thing as a practical bee-keeper weighing his bees just hecausc it is a shorter cut than hefting and looking. So far as hefting is concerned, the man who has done a great deal of hefting knows that while something can be told by it, it cannot be relied on for atiy great degree of exactness. Suppose the actual weight of No. 7 by the scales is 40 pounds. If the hefter hefts it after heft- ing a hive of 32 pounds, he may call it -io, and if he hefts it after hefting one weighing 60 pounds he is likely to under- estimate it. The more tired he is the heavier the hives will feel. If Mr. Abbott will heft 100 hives with their contents, then weigh the same, he may be surprised to find he's not so accurate a hefter as he supposed. "One cannot tell the location of the stores by any method of weighing," says Mr. Abbott. Neither can he tell all about the location by looking at the tops of the frames, and surely when Mr. Abbott talks about "shorter cuts" he doesn't mean we should take out the frames one by one to see where the honey is in each. I don't suppose there's anything so very different about the way bees place their stores in Missouri from what they do in York State. When I weigh a hive which shows by its weight that about 40 pounds of honey is present, I know the important thing to know. I know the honey is in the hive, and I know without looking at each frame separate- ly that it is not all at the bottom of the frames. I know, too, that wherever it may be placed in the hive it is a good deal bet- ter than if it was " in the moon," for the bees have a trick of moving it where they want it, and where it will do the most good. Mr. Abbott has my permission to examine with his eyes and heft with his hands, and I'll get along generally without either that or weighing, but if there comes a time when it is a question whether there's need of feeding up to prevent starv- ing, and I want to get along with as little time as possible, I'll weigh. CONDUCTED BY Rev. Emerson T. Abbott, St. Joseph, AIo. Crosses the Best.—" W. Gunther stated that after years of experience he had found that Italian queens were not as long lived as black ones, and that Italian colonies more fre- quently died in the winter; hence he preferred a cross be- tween them." — Notes by P. L. Thompson, in Review. I am led to wonder if many bee-keepers have had a simi- lar experience. If so, this would be another reason in addition to those given in my articles on comb honey why the Italians are not the best bees under all circumstances. I have noticed, myself, that more Italian colonies than blacks die in this lo- cality in the winter, but I have been inclined to attribute it to the fact that nearly all, if not all, who have Italians have them in hives with shallow frames, while most of the blacks are yet in old box-hives. I noticed not long ago, while visit- ing an apiary of Italians, that all those in tall hives were alive, while those in hives with shallow frames were about all dead. But, notwithstanding, I am inclined to the opinion that we have bred too much for color and not enough for hardy, rough-and-ready business. We can afford to be stung a few more times, if we are well paid in honey as an offset, and find strong and healthy colonies in our apiaries in the spring, instead of empty hives. British Comments.— In the Britis.h Bee Journal of April 25, a Mr. Brice, writing under the title of " American Antiphrasis "—whatever that may mean — pours out his wrath and indignation on the writer of these " Notes and Comments," not for any offense committed against his own superb dignity, but in defense of the editors of the British Bee Journal, whom he imagines I have insulted even to the verge of mortal com- bat. If it were not for the fact that " ye editors" are "averse to noticing this sort of a thing," I do not know but I might expect the entire British navy to sail up the " Big Muddy " and blow the top off of our fair city, so great seems to be his wrath. However, I trust his digestion has improved by this time, and, if so, I should be glad to have him ponder over such phrases as the following : "Anyone possessing a grain of common-sense :" " dubious methods ;" " playing a bit low ;" "distinctly savoring of dishonesty." 1 should say, to use Mr. Brice's language, that any man who found it necessary to use so much billingsgate, must be "hard up for copy." If I thought all the people on the other side felt as pugilistic as Mr. B., I would be inclined to say, " Have a care, John ; do not prod the Eagle too much. He's an ugly bird when he gets riled, and hard to manage." But they don't. I have the impression that the editors of the British Bee Journal are scholarly gentlemen, and abundantly able to take care of themselves, and I am inclined to think they did not thank Mr. Brice for rushing to their defense in this unbecom- ing, and what we would call, on this side of the water, ungen- tlemanly, way. I have no disposition to "discredit " anyone in my " notes," and if I misunderstood the drift of the quota- tions upon which I commented, I am sorry, and stand cor- rected. I .want to say, however, that we call any note made by the editors an " editorial," and I find the reply just as I quoted it, and will leave it to any man of ordinary intelligence to decide whether it does not convey the impression that the writer believed in open-air feeding. Turn to page 222, and read the quotation as I gave it. Somebody teaches open-air feeding here, editorial or no editorial, Mr. B. to the contrary notwithstanding. As to the other quotation about bees being animals, I may have misunderstood it, but I hardly think I would be open to the charge of not having " common-sense " if I did, since I have seen the question asked in public print, " If bees are not animals, what are they ? I may as well say here that my "notes" are open to the same kind of treatment that I give to others, but I hope they may be discussed in a gentlemanly way, and I will try to clothe my replies, if any are made, in such language as be- comes a gentleman. All I ask is fair treatment, and that people write over their own names. This, in my opinion, is the only merit Mr. B.'s article has. There is one kind of crit- icism to which I make it a point to pay but little attention, and that is when I do not know the real name of the author. If the Editor will excuse me, I will say that I have but little interest in articles which are fathered by a — nobody. I think if Observer, Somnambulist (I beg the lady's pardon). Gleaner, Jake Smith, Bee-Master, and others would write over their own names, the contributions would be much more valuable. If a thing has value, one should not be ashamed to own it. If it has not, then it is not worth the printing. If it has value of itself, it will be of more value If backed up by a personality with a real name. I wish we might drop all of this nom de pluvie business, and let the world know who we are and where we are at. I will say further, that the American Bee Journal has only one editor, so far as I know. The writer of "Notes and Comments " is no more an editor of this Journal than Mr. Brice is of the British Bee Journal. In fact, apparently not so much so, as Mr. Brice seems to think it his duty to defend the editorial staff of the British Bee Journal, while I think our editor is abundantly able to defend himself. Ten 'Weeks for Ten Cents.— This is a "trial trip" offer to those who are not now subscribers to the Ameri- can Bee Journal. Undoubtedly there are thousands who would take this journal regularly if they only had a " good taste" of it, so as to know what a help it would be to them in their work with bees. In order that such bee-keepers may be able to get that "taste," the very low offer of " 10 weeks for 10 cents " is made. Now, dear reader, you cannot do a better service than to show this offer to your neighbor bee-keepiug friends, and urge them to ?end on their 10 cents and get the next 10 numbers of the old American Bee Journal. In fact, i/ok could afford to send the 10 cents for them, and then after the 10 weeks expire, get them as new subscribers for a year. They will be easy to secure then, for the 10 numbers will be a fair trial, and they will want the Bee Journal regularly if they are at all interested in bee-keeping. Remember, it's only lOlcents for 10 weeks, to all not now subscribers to the Bee Journal. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 883 GOLDEN QUEENS ^^ BIM Itri' Vt.-.nr< o From Texas. My Bees are bred ^, For Biifitiness^ as well as lor Beimty and Gentleness. gagr" yale arrival and reasonable satisfac- tion guaranteed. Write for Price-List. Untestecl, 73c — WarrnnteiJ, 91. Box 3 TE32C J. D. GIVENS, 10A26 Mention the American Bee Journal. ^ BEST GOODS ^ At lowest prices are what we are all after. The Quality of C'ary's Goods has nerer been questioned. Ilis XX White Thin Foundation and Polished 1-Piece Sections are the Finest on the market. His BEES and QUEENS are from the best strains, and reared and shipped In the way that long years of experi- ence have shown to be the best. He has the hirfiest Stock of BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES in New England : and as to Prices, you have only to send for a Catalog and compare them with those of other dealers. ' ^g~ To those living In the East, there is the still further consideration of low freight rates Addresss. W. W. CARY, COLRAIX, MASS. 22A5 Jlcntioii American Bee Journal when writing. Untested Italian Queens. ^ , Reared from a Queen valued at , S50. Can't be excelled as honey-A gatherers; 75 cents each. Address ' ^''W^ W. J. FOREHAND, ^, y * 23A5 Fort Deposit, Ala. v Mention the American Bee Journal,. Theodore Bender's ITALIAN QUEENS Are bred for Business, Beauty & Gentleness. He makes a Specialty of breeding Fine Ital- ian Queens that rank with the best In the world. Untested Queens, in May, $1.25 each; June $1 each, or 6 for $5.00; July to October. 75c. e;ich or 6 for $1.25. Tested Queens, $1.50 each. Send for Free Illustrated Circular to— THEODORE BENDER, 22A5 18 Fulton St., CANTON. OHIO. Meyition the Ameri/xi,n Bee Journal. The American >TRAW HIVI 19 AS Latest and Best. %m Perfectly adapted to Modern Bee Culture. ntastnted Circular Free, HAYCK BROS., QUINCY, ILL. Please mention the Bee Journal. Garden City, Kan., May 13. 1895. P. J. Thomas. Fredonia, Kan.— Honor to whom honor is due. The Queen you sent me proved the best out ot six 1 bought from different Breeders. J. HUFF.M.AN. Big Yellow Golden Italian (Jiieens 75c Three for $2.00. Three-banded, same price. 1-Frame Nm-leus, with Untested Queen, $1.75 2-frame. $2.25. Satisfaction guaranteed. F. J. THOinAS, Fredonia, Kan. Mention the J ^'"■ririin Bee Journal. 22 A5 We can fill your orders for <^ Dovetail Hives, Sections, ■ Foundation, etc., by RETIR.V m;ul. Have A. I. Root €o. '8 goods at their prices. Will save you l>eia;lit, and get goods to you in a few days. CataloKui- Frrf. .MIII.V MiHEl * S0\. lli!:li Hill. )ln, 20Atf Mention the American Bu Journal. READERS or this Journal who write to any of our advertisers, either lo ordering, or asking about the Goods offered, will please state that they saw the Advertisement in this paper- Qcrjcral Mcn)s^ Hives Loaded with Honey. Bees are doing wonders here. They are done swarming, and their hives are loaded with rich honey. A. J. Bird. Dos Palos, Calif. , May 25. Linden Killed by the Frost. Linden will not yield honey this season here. The frost has killed the buds. Our only hope for honey of fine quality now lies in clover. T. F. Bingham. Abronia, Mich., May 27. A Successful Year Promised, I have 152 colonies of bees, all doing finely. I extract about 40 pounds per col- ony weekly. White sage and wild alfalfa are in abundance. This promises to be quite a successful year for the honey out- put. Catharine M. Gray. Los Angeles, Calif., May 35. Poor Prospect for Honey. We received no honey in this neighbor- hood last year. It was too dry, and the flowers secreted no nectar. My 68 colonies, in the spring, were reduced till autumn to ,53. At this time I have 49 colonies in fair condition. The prospect for honey this year is bad. The white clover — our honey- plant — is gone, or is in very weak condi- tion. Wm. Adix. Buck Creek, Iowa. May 39. The Mission of the Bees, In reading the beautiful poem, entitled, "The Hum of the Bees in Spring," by P. D. Wallace, on page 341, I thought justice to the bee required something like this, that I added, and he is welcome to use it if he wishes : But the true mission .of bees Is to visit the trees, And distribute the pollen of flowers, That the fruits may mature, And the gardener be sure Of returns from his trees and his bowers. J. A. Peabce, Prcfitleid (irand liivcr Valley Hort. Soclebj. Grand Rapids, Mich, Report on Wintering', Etc. I had 13 colonies of bees last fall, two of them being the 5-bauded Italians. I win- tered all 13. I have 20 good colonies. I have bought 4 Italian queens and intro- duced them all right. It was my first trial. My average crop last year from black bees was 50 pounds to the colony. I wintered all my bees on the summer stands, the hives wrapped with cotton bat- ten. The colonies are strong. To-day I transferred 11 colonies from bos-hives to the 8-frame dovetail hives without loss. C. R. Rhyne. Harden Station, N. C, May 23. Bees and Strawberries. I am a bee-keeper in a small way, and also engaged in fruit-growing. I value the bees as assistants. But as I am a little puzzled over Mr. Abbott's position relating to bees and strawberries, and as he and Mr. Secor both adopt the motto — "I want the facts rather than the theories," I will briefly give my experience relative to this question. I have lived in the edge of the Michigan fruit-belt for many years, and know some- thing of the practice of strawberry growers. On page 2S3. Mr. -Abbott says: "The rows of vines producing stamens only, bears no fruit, of course, and are of no value only as fertilizers." And then he seems to con- SPECIAL OFFER. For July and August only. To those who have never tried our strain of Honey-Gathering Italians, we will make this Special Offer lor July and August only, to introduce our Bees in your locality: We will send one Warranted Queen In July and Aug. for the triaing sum of 50 cts. Remember, the Queens we are going to send out for 50 cts. are warranted to be purely-mated, and if not. send us a state- ment of the f:ict and we will send another free of charge. Only one Queen will be sent at the above price to one address. It you want any more you must pay full price 3.\ per T.able of Queens In our Circular, which we mail with each Queen. Address all orders to- Leininger Bros., Fort Jennings, Ohio. 23A5 Mention the American Bee Journal. SUPPLIES BEES QUEENS LARGE STOCK. LOW PRICES. Catalogue Free, r J I, J. STRISfCHAM, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK, N, T, #'1> HELLO 1 '^ Had you noticed that we have a bee-journal in the South ? Well, we have. Send us il.OO and receive "The SonTHLAND Queen "one year. Fresh, Practical and Plain. Jennie Atchley begins a Bee-Keepers' School in it June 15. A Steam Bee-Hive Factory. Send for Free Catalogue and Sample Copy of "The Southland Queen." THE JENNIE ATCHIiEY CO. 22Atf BEEVILLE. Bee Co., TEX. GOLDEN QUEENS low to tip, "Ic.; darker 60c. Tested *1 to $2. Breeders, $3. Best, $5. Samples of Bees, 2c. None better for Honey, Beauty and Gentleness. Ready now. Fully guaranteed. F. C, MORROW, Wi»llacel)nrs, .4rk. 20A13 Mention the Arnerican Bee Journal. That Will Stick ANYTHING. We have finally succeeded in finding a Paste that will stick labels to tin, glass, etc. -just thing bee-keepers have wanted. It will do the business wherever any " stickum is re- quired. It is guaranteed to do the work. It is put up ready tor immediate use, in the fol- lowing size packages, and at the prices given, by express: H-gal,. 70c.; 1 gal. $1.00; •-!, 3, 4 or 5 gals., 75c. per gal. It weighs about 8 Ins. to the gallon. Sample of Paste, postpaid, 2oc. Address all orders to— GEORGE ■W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. PASTE Promptness Is What Ooiiiits ! Honev- Jars, Shipping- Cases, and ev- I erything that bee-keepers use. Uoot's } GoodH at Root's l*rl<'e», and the best shipping point In the country. Dealer In Honey and Beeswax. Oata- INDIANAPOLIS, IND. St Hfi A «l^li«, 1024 Mississippi S , Ij, iiCKilll, St. Paul, Ulnu NoMhwestern Agent For Tlid A. I. Root Co.'s Apiarian Supplies Send tor i BEES AND QUEENS Price-List \ For Sale. 2 1 A 1 7 'd.eni1on the American Bef Journal. "VTT T r%TST TO THE TIP — X IdM^Mj\J wV Are the Italian (fneens that I can send by return mall at $1.00 each or six for $5.00. Not one in I 00 will prove mismated. and any that do not produce three- banded Bees will be replaced. Tested Queens after June loth, same price as aiiove. -W. H. PRIDGEI*, 22A5 CREEK, Warren Co., N. C Mention tiv.. American Bee Journals 384 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 13, McCALLUM STEEL WHEEL WA&flNS HltrhH^t Awards at World'ri iuir. Broador narrow tires, high or low wheels to fitauyskein. Arn cliiimte- proof, WfMi:ii Ihsh. run lix;hter s*'II taster. AVarrantfd fur teu year.s j Wheels or axles made for wagon . cttatowiii* itio7i the A.iiicrkan Uee Journal. $1.00 5.00 COMB FOUNDATION. Wholesale and Retail. Quality always the best. Price always lowest, ..^^"jr'""- ^^'^^ '"«o Foundation by the lb. a Specialty. I can make it an object for you in any quantity, but offer special induce- ments on straight 25 or 50 lb. lots. Or for making large lot of Wax into Foundation. I am iurnlshing large Dealers, and can also please you. Beesivax taken at all tinieK. Write for Samples and Prices, to GUS BITTMER, AUGUSTA. WIS. Reference— Augusta Bank. 16Atf Golden Italian Queens. One Untested Queen before June 1st Six One •• ■' after Six *' '* " •. 4 oQ One Tested •■ before " " " 1 50 S» ;• •' " •' ...; 7;.5o One '• after '• .... i.oo SIX ■* •' »• 5 QQ One Selected Tested for breeding, $3,00 Price-lilst Free. 22A5t DEPOKT^Lamar'co^.TEX. Mention theAmcriran liee journal. PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION Has No Sag iu Krood-FramcH Thin Flat-Bottom Foundation Has Jo Fislilione in the Sarplns Ilonfy. Being tiie cleanest Is usually worked the quickest of any Foundation made J, VAN DEl'SEN ic SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Bpront Brook Montgomery Co., N. Y. IMPDRTPn Italian Queens reared this yr.. linrUniLU $3.50 each. Tested Queens— Breeder»-41.50 to *-J.0u each. 21 A W. C. Frazler. Atlantic, Iowa. WHEN Answering this ADVEflTlseMENf, MENTION TMI3 JOUHNAU vey the idea that such non-productive va- rieties are used every second or third row, or more, to fertilize the pistilates. Now there may be such, but I never saw or heard of a variety producing blossoms le/iolly staminate. I never /imnl of any one using a non-bearing variety as fertilizers, but some such as the Wilson. Michael's Early, etc.. which are themselves heavy bearers. Now if Mr. Abbott knows of such wholly staminate, non-bearing varieties, will he please name them, that we may steer clear of them? I take no side in this discussion, only give my experience, and that is. that my bees have very little use for my strawberries or my neighbor's. J. E. King. Sodus, Mich.. May 19. A Common Beetle. I send a species o£ the bug generation that seems to bother my bees very much. So far as I have noticed, it only stays at the entrance of the hive. Two or three have been found on the frames at the bottom. It made its appearance in the last five days. What is it, and what is its office ? Will it it do any special harm ? T. L. Parsons. Tampico, Tenn., May 20. Prof. Cook says this about it: The insect is Knriiinnia india. It is a com- mon beetle all through the East. The grub lives in the earth, and the beetle is noto- rious for eating into ripe fruit, apples. pears and peaches. I have never heard be- fore that it harms bees. I think it must have been after the honey. I do not think it can do any serious mischief. —A. J. Cook. Expects a Good Crop of Sweetness. From present indications my bees at Evansville. Ind.. are going to give mean extraordinary crop of sweetness. My man- ager there reports them all in fine condi- tion. I ^ould locate an apiary here, but there is an ordinance forbidding the keep- ing of bees within the city limits, passed by the city council some years ago. and the local fraternity of bee-keepers never had backbone in tliem enough to fight the ordi- nance. I seriously contemplate joining the National Bee-Keepers' Union, and get it to help repeal the ordinance passed by bull- necked whiskey bloats. Sam Jones has been hitting them pretty hard, and suc- ceeded last Sunday eve in raising S25,000 for a Young Men's Christian Association building. J. C. Wallenmeyer. Owensboro. Ky., May 27. Bees Doing- Finely. I have 4 colonies of the 3-banded Italians aiid 4 of hybrid. I put 10 colonies in for winter last fall, but lost two — one died and the other lost its queen. I united the bees with a weak colony. The one that died was in a hive with frames O^gxlT-''^'. I do not know whether they froze or starved; they had plenty of sealed honey left. The balance of my hives have frames 13x13, outside measure. 1 do not blame the shal- low frame for the ones that died. I prefer the deep frame. The balance of my bees came through all right, and are doing finely. Our first honey-plant here is soft and hard maple, dandelion, spice, red-bud, black and red haw, then comes the locust, which lasts about two weeks, and raspberry, blackberry, which are all good for bees! Then we have white and red clover, linden and other blossoms. S. L. Delanv. St. Leo, W. Va., May 27. Deserted the Hives. Etc. I haven't many bees at present. Two of my colonies deserted their hives this spring, for some cause or other, though I couldn't say why they did so. They had plenty of honey in the hives. I looked into the hives in the morning, and I found about a pint of bees clustered about the queen, and at night they had all disappeared. Globe Bee Veil mail for One Dollar. ' Five cross-bars are rlvited In the 'centre nt the top. These bend down p and button to studs on a neck-band. The bars are best lierht spring steel, t* The neck-band is liard sprinp brass. The netting is white with face-piece of black to see through. 5 It is easily put together and folds Icompactly In a case. lxGx7 inches, ■—the wliole weighing but 5 ounces, It can be worn over an ordinary hat; fits any head; does nut obstruct tlie visiutj.nnd can be worn In bed without discomfort. It Is a boon to any one whonp flies bother, mosqultos bite, or bees sting. {^^ This Veil we club with the Bee Journal for one year— both for$l.7o; or give free asa Premium for sendint? us 3 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at «i.00 each. Household Repairing Outfit. This Outfit Is a combiuation of the practical, tried and common-sense tools and materials that will enable anyone with enough ingen- uity to drive a nail, to do his own half- soling-, boot, shoe, rubber and harness repairing, right at home. No pegs re- quired. Simple wire clinch nails. Saves time, trouble, ex- pense and vexatious "shoe-maker's bro- ken promises." En tire Outfit, neatly boxed, bv express, Ik. ps^ *^a^ only $2.00. . ■ ■'^Li^STS Or clubbed with the Bee Journal for 1 year—both for $*2.60; or given as a Premium for sending us 6 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at *1.00 each. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS- AND LUNG DISEASES. DR. PEIRO, Specialist Offices: 1019, 100 State St., CHICAGO. Hours 9 to 4. When Amswering this Aovertisemeut, Mentio^i this journac Bee-Pamphlet Barsfain Preparation of Houey for the Alarlcdt* Including tlie production iiud care of comb and extracted lioney. A chapter from Bees and HoxEV. Price, 10 cents. Bee-Pasturagre a Necessity. — This book 8Ug gests what and how to plan li is a chapter froa- Bees and Uoxev. Price, 10 cents. Swarinliigr, SIvtdlne aud Feedlnsr* —Hints to beginners In apiculture. A chapter from Bee3 AND UoxEV. Price, 5 cents. Bees In "Winter, Chaff-Packing, Bee Houses and Cellars. This Is a chapter from Bees axo Honey. Price. 5 cents. Tlie Hive I rse, by G. M. Doolittle. It details his management of bees, and methods of producing comb honey. Price. 5 cents. ^1^ We will send the above 5 Pamphlets postpaid for 25 cts. ; or club them with the Bee Journal for one year for $1.15; or we will give them as a Premium for sending one New Subscriber to this journal for a year. Wants or Excliajiges. This department is only for your ■* Wants " or bona-flde *■ Exchanges," and such will be inserted here at 10 cents a line for each time, when specially ordered into this depart- ment. Exchanges for cash or for price-lists, or notices ofl'ermg articles for sale, will not be inserted here— such belong iu the regular advertising columns, at regular rates. TO EXCHANGE"Buzz-Saw. ShlppingCases. Lang. Section- Frames with tin separators, for Queens. Honey, or own otTer. 22A4t G. M. DEEtC. UIga, Mich. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 385 -notice- To Bee - Keepers and Dealers. I have one of the largest Factories in the West, flevoted entirely to the manufacture of Bee-Keepers' Supplies. Having- made arrang-ements with the in- ventor to manufacture the " Hig-g-insville Hive-Cover," I will place It on all hives sent out this year, unless otherwise ordered. Write at once for large illustrated Cata- logue for 3 895. trlving full description and prices of Higrginsville Hive - Covers, Dove- tailed Hives, t^ecliiins. Frames. Supers. Foun- dation, Crates, Boxes, Smokers, Extractors, etc. Write for prices on large quantities. E. L. Kincaid, Walker, Vernon Co., Mo. Mention the American Bee Journal. California ^ ^ If you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers, Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Paciflc Coast. Published weeklj-, handsomely illustrated, $2.40 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL PRESS, 220 Market St., - SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. BEGINNERS. Beginners should have a copy of the Amateur Bee-Keeper, a 70-page book by Prof. J. \V. Rouse. Price 25 cents: if sent by mail. 28c. The little book and the Progressive Bee-Keeper (a live, pro- gressive 28-page monthly journal) one year, 65c. Address any flrst-class dealer, or LEAHT MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo. APIARIAN SUPPLIES V£BT CHEAP —•'Amateur Bee- Keeper "—how to manage bees, etc.— 25 cts. The "'Model Coop." for hen aud her brood Wyandotte, Langshan and Leghorn Eggs foT hatching. Cat. free, hut state wliat you wan) J. W. ROUSE & CO.. Mexico, Mo. 1^ BIG DROPS of water has made the vegetation. Now the sun shines — the Honey wells up — the Bees gather it, and every Bee-Keeper should have all needed Supplies at once. Catalogue Free. Thos. Ci. iVewmaii, 147 Southwestern Ave. CHICAGO, II.I<. ONE-PIECE SECTIONS -CHEAP ! In Order to Reduce Our !!)tock, Wc Offer No. 1 CREAM SECTIONS -4'-4.\4i4xT-to-ft.: 194, 17b. 1 15-16 aud 2 inch : 1000 for $1 .iO. 5000 at SI. 40 per M. lO.CiOO at$1..3o per M. No. 1 WHITE SECTIONS — 5iix6iix2, open on two 5J4 sides : 1000 for $2. .50. 5000 at $2.35 per M. 10,000 at $2.25 per M. G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis. WILLIAMS' Automatic Reversible Honey-Extractor. Perfect in Principle and Workings. Here is what the veteran bee-keeper, N. E. France, of Platte- ville. Wis., says of it: '1 consider the Williams Automatic Reversible Extractor head and shoul- ders;above anj' T have ever used; and further- more, consider it the best on the market." 100 Italian Queens. Reared in 1894. We make the readers of the Bee Journal A Special Offer, in order to have them move off quickly: for the next 30 days we will sell these Queens as follows: One Queen reared in 1894 $ .75 6 Queens •• ' 4.00 12 ■' '• ■• 7.00 These Queens were reared from fine stock and are right in their prime ; they are a great bargain t^- For Price-List No. and Queens— address. 2, of Extractors, Bees Van Allen & Williams. Barnnm, Wis. p. S.— We have in one of our hee-yards. a few Mismated Queens— to those that want them, 25c, for one, 5 for $1. Stamps taken for single Oueen. Send Eipiess Monej Urdu i i\ il^de it Barnum, or P. O. Money Order payable at Boscobel, Wis. there being no dead bees in the hive. I would like to have some one explain this, if he will. The top-bars of my frames are 10 inches long, 1'k wide, and !„' thick, leaving the lower side of the top-bar flat and smooth, with a groove cut in the center 1-lC, of an inch wide to fit in the brood-foundation. The end-bars are '.I}.: inches long. \ thick, and the same width" as the end-bar. The bottom-bar is IT.'s inches long, and '4X->ii wide. This makes the frame, outside meas- use, 17\'. My hives are after the Lang- stroth pattern, and they are good enough for me. They are all right to winter bees in in this part of the country. 1 haven't lost any bees on account of cold weather. Oliver Dott. Mishawaka, Ind., May 19. Clover Looks Promising. My bees came through the winter in good condition. We had two weeks of good warm weather in fruit-bloom, which filled the hives full of bees. If the warm weather bad kept on clover would have been ahead of the bees. The last two weeks' cold weather checked the clover, and the bees kept right on, so the hives are boiling over with bees now, and white clover will be in bloom here in about one week, and it looks to be very promising. Henry Bohlmann. Defiance, Ohio, May 35. A Criticism— Paste for Labels. If there is any one thing I love to see. it is a man who is able to form an opinion and stand up for it against all comers. Such a man Emerson T, Abbott seems to be; but unfortunately this, like everything else, can be ■■ run into the ground." Many of our best and brightest apicultural lights (among whom are Messrs. Hutchinson and R. L. Taylor) have pronounced the divisible brood-chamber a grand good thing. A, I. Root seems to be leaning that way also, but now comes Mr. Abbott (page 329) de- claring in a notto-be-contradicted tone of voice, that divisible brood-chambers are " useless traps," "of no more use than a second tail on a dog.'' aud "freaks for a museum;" and further declares that re- versing is of no value whatever. Now I believe that the great majority of apiarists admit that reversing is the only sure method of getting combs firmly at- tached to bottom-bars. Personally. I be- lieve in reversing to secure the above-men- tioned results, and also, after three years' experience with the Dovetail. Foster and Heddon hives, side by side. I say that I can do four times the amount of work in a given time with the latter than with either of the former. The trouble with the divisi- ble brood-chamber hive is. that but few un- derstand the peculiar system of manipula- tion which is required, and without which they are of no advantage whatever, as I can see. Mr, Abbott aspires to be a leader in api- culture, and as such he should be very cau- tious about absolutely condemning amilhiHg, lest he by his sweeping denunciations do in- excusable in,iustice, and irreparable injury. The novice is apt to look up to and follow the leaders, and therefore much harm may be done. For Mr. Abbott to say he does not regard the divisible brood-chamber of any value, is all right. We all have a right to express our opinion, but to make the positive assertion is another thing. It appears from Query 066, that I have a good many of my way of thinking as re- gards essays at conventions. Now for a kink: I have talked with many bee-keepers who have had much trouble getting labels to stick on tin. Well, just get some varnish, make it tolerably thin with turpentine, and use as paste, and if your labels come off any more — well, they won't, that's all. 1 am indebted to my wife for that discovery. Laclede. Mo. F. H. Richardson. 38G THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 14, BEE-BOOKS SENT POSTPAID BV Geore:e W. York & Co., Chicago, Ills. Bees and Hoiie.v, or ^laniiKernent uf an Apiary lor Pleasure imd Protlt. by Tlioiuaa G. Newmun.— This edition bus been lar^'ely re-written, tborougbly revised, and Is " fully up with the times " In all the Improvements and Inventluus In this rapldly-devel- oplDg pursuit, and prrsents the ai)larlst with everytlilnii tluit can aid In thu successful manage- ment of an ajjlary, and at the same time produce the most honey In an attractive condition. It con- tains 250 paj-'es. and 245 lHustrations— la beautifully printed in the hit:hest stvie of the art, and bound In cloth, gold-lettered. i*rlce, ?1.00. Ijungsti*oth on the Honey-Bee, revised by Dadaut— Tills classic In bee culture, has been entirely rewritten, and Is fully Illustrated. It treats of everything relatlnji to bees and bee-keep- ing. No apiarian library Is complete without this standard work by Kev. L. Ij. Langstroth — tbe Father of American Bee-Culture. It has 520 pages; bound In cloth. Price, $J.40. Bee-K.eepers* Oulde, or Manual of the Apiary, by Prof. A. J. CouU. of the Michigan Agri- cultural College.— This book Is not only Instructive and helj*ful as a guide In bee-keeping, but is Interesting and thoroughly practical and sclentlflc. Itcontalns a full delineation of the anatomy and physiology of bees. 400 pages ; bound In cloth and fully Illustrated. Price. Scientific Qiieen-Rearlngr, as Practically Applied, by G. M. Doollttle.— A method by which the very best of (^>ueen-Bees are reared in perfect accord with Nature's wav. Kil pages, bound In cloth, and Illustrated. Price, $1.00. A B C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. Root.— A cyciop:tdla of 4H0 pages, describing everything pertaining to the care of the honey-bees. It con- tains 3U0 engravings. It w beglnners Bound In cloth. A written especially for Price, $1.25. A Year Among the Bees, by Dr. C. C. Miller-^ A talk about some of the Implements, plans and practices of a hue-keeper of 25 years" experience, who has for 8 years made tiie production of honey hlse.vclusive business. It gives full particulars about caring for bees througlinut the wimie year. 114 pages, bound In cloth, aud Illustrated. 50 cts. Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.— Tiie author of this work is too well known to need further description of his book. He Is a practical and entertaining writer. Vou should read his book. 90 pages, bound In paper, and Illustrated. Price, 50 cts. Rational Bee-Keeping, by Dr. John Dzlerzon —This is a translation of his latest German book on bee-culture. It has 850 pages; bound in cloth. $1.25; In paper covers. $1.00 Blenen-Kultnr, by Thomas G. Newnan.— This Is a German translation of theprlnclpf' por- tion of the book called Bees of Hoxey. 10^ page pamphlet. Price, 4U cents. The Apiary Ref?iNter. by Thomas G. Ne "-i .i.n —A record and account book for the apiary, t ■ - .-c- Ingtwo pages to each eolonv. Leather blr • ■>: Price, for 50 oolonles, $l.OU. For 100 colonies, % ' Convention Hand-Book, for Bee-Keepers, , ■ Thomas G. Newman.— It contains the parliamen- tary law and rules of order for Bee-Conventions— also Constitution and By-Laws, with subjects for discussion, etc. Cloth, gold-lettered. Price, 25 els. "Winter Problem In Bee-Keeplnff, by G. R. Pierce.— The author has had 25 years' e.\perlence in bee-keeping, and for five years devoted all his time and energies to the pursuit. Paper covers, 50 cts. Bee-Keeplne for Profit, by Dr. G. L. Tinker. —It fully details his new system of producing honey With his hive. It has oages. Price, 25 cents. Honey as Food and Medicine^ by T. G. Newman.— A 32-page pamphlet : just the thing to create a demand for honey at home. Should be scattered freely. Contains recipes for Honey-Cakes, Cookies. Puddings, Foam, Wines, and uses of honey for medicine. Prices, prepaid— Single copy. 5 cts.; 10 copies, 3.^ cts.; .'iO for $1.50: lIKJfor $2.50; 250 for $5.50; 5U0 for $10.00; or lOOo for$I5.o<). When 250 or more are ordered, we will print the bee-keeper's card (free of cost) on the front cover page. Comnierolal Calculator, by C. Ropp.— A ready Calculator. Business Arithmetic and Ac- Count-Book coiul)ined in one. Every farmer and business man should have it. No. 1, bound in water proof leatherette, calf flnish. Price. 50 cts. No. 2 in tine artificial leather, with pocket, silicate slate, and account-book. Price, $I.'«-i. Tlie AVorld's Fair AVonien, by Mrs. J. D. Hill.— Daintiest and prettiest book issued in con- nection with the World's Fair. Contains superb full-page portraits and sketches of \\\ ot the World's Fair women and wives of prominent officials. Bound in leatherette. Price, 75L-t8. <»reen'8Klx Books on Frult-CulUire, by Chas, A. Green.— Devoted 1st, to Apple and Pear Culture; "Jnd, Plum and Cherry Culture; 3rd, Rasp- berry and Blackberry Culture: 4th, Grape Culture: 5th, Strawberry Culture. 129 pp.; illustrated, ^i.'* cts. Ciarden and Ortliard, by Chas. A. Green. —(Jives lull instrurti'iri?* in Thinning and Marketing Fruits; Pruning. Plrmting and Cultivating; Sprav- ing, Kvaporation. (old Storage, Ktc. y4 pages, illus- trated. Price, -Ih cts. Anierikani^olie Bienenznclit« liy Haas Busclibauer.— Printcii in German. A hand-'bv the best American and German apiarists. Illustrated; I3h pages. Price. $!.w. Tlilrty Years Among the Bees, by Henry Alley.— Gives the results of over a quarter- century's experience in rearing queen-bees. Very latest work of the kind. Nearly lou pages. Price, 50c. Capons and Caponizlns:^ by Dr. Sawyer, Fanny Field, and others.— Illustrated. All about caponizing fowls, and thus how to make the most money in poultry-raising. 64 pages. Price, 30 cts. How to Propagate and Grow Fruit, by Chas. A. Green.— Brief instruotions in budding, grafting and layering: also propagation of fruit trees, vines and plants. 72 pages. Price 25 cts How^ ^Ve ITIade the Old Farm Pay, by Chas. A. Green,— Gives his personal experience on a fruit farm which he made yield a generous for- tune. 64 pages; illustrated. Price, 25 cts. Our Poultry Doctor, or Health in the Poultry Yard and Hi>w to Cure Sick Fowls, by Fanny Field,— Everything about Poultrv Diseases and their Cure. 04 pages. Price. 30 cts. " Fmerson Binders, made especially for the Bee JorRNAL, are convenient for preserving each number as fast as received. Not mailable to Canada. Price. 75 cts. Poultry lor Iflarket aud Poultry for Profit, by Fanny Field.— Tells everything about the Poultry Business. 64 pages. Price, 25 cts. Turkeys lor ITIarket and Turkeys for Profit, by Fanny Field.— All about Turkey-Raising. 64 pages. Price, 25 cts. Foul Brond Treatment, by Prof. F. R. Cheshire.- Its Cause and Prevention. Price, 10 cts. Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.- Development and Cure. Price, 25 cts. -Origin. Book Clubbing Offers. The following clubbing prices include the American Bee Journal one j'ear with each book named. Remember, that only one book can be taken in each case with the Bee Jour- nal a year at the prices named. ]f more books are wanted, see postpaid prices given with the description of the books on this page. Following is the clubbing-list: 1. Langstroth on the Honey-Bee .$2.10 3, A B C of Bee-Culture (Cloth bound] . 1.80 3. A B C of Bee-Culture [Paper bound]. 1.50 4. Bee-Keeper's Guide 1.65 5. Bees and Honey [Cloth bound] 1.65 6. Bees and Honey [Paper bound] 1.25 7. Scientific Queen-Kearlng 1.65 8. A Year Among the Bees 1.35 9. Advanced Bee-Culture 1.30 10. Amerlkanisehe Uienenzucht [Germ.] 1.75 11. Bienen-Kultur (German] 1.25 12. Rational Bee-Keeping [Cloth bound] 2.00 13. Rational Bee-Kce[>ing [Paper bound] 1.75 14. Winter Problem in Bee-Keeplng. .. . 1.30 15. Thirty Years Among the Bees 1.30 16. Bee-Keeping for Profit 1.15 17. Convention Hand-Hook 1.15 18. Poultry for Market and Profit 1.10 19. Turkeys for Market and Profit 1.10 20. Capons and Caponizing 1.10 21. Our Poultry Doctor 1.10 22. World's Fair Women Souvenir 1.50 23. How We Made the Old Farm Pay 1.15 24. Green's Si.Y Books on Fruit-Culture-. 1.15 25. Garden and Orchard 1.15 26. How to Propagate aud Grow Fruit. .. 1.15 27. Rural Life 1.10 28. Emerson Binder for the Bee Journal. 1,60 29. Commercial Calculator. No. 1 1.25 30. Cammerclal Calculator, No. 2 1.50 Book Premium Offers. In the following Premium Offers the full $1.00 for the Bee Journal one year must be sent us for each new subscriber secured, and each new subscriber will also receive a free copy of Newman's " Bees and Honey," bound in paper, except where the sender of the club is a new subscriber himself— he would be en- titled only to the premium book, and not "Bees and Honey," also. For 4 new subscribers. No. 1 in the list of books; for 3 new subscribers, your choice of Nos. 2, 4, 5. 7. 10, 12, 28; for 2 new subscrib- ers, your choice of Nos. 3, 6, 8. 9, 11. 13. 14. 15, 22. 30; for 1 new subscriber, your choice of Nos. 16, 17. 18, 19, 20, 21, 2i5, 24, 25.26, 27.29. Ready to Mail ! BS^ Untested Italian Queens are now ready to mail. Price. Jl 00 each ; six for $5.00; twelve for 19.00. T. R,. CA.lSrA.D"S", 23A5t Fallbrook, Calif. iietxtkyix tne American Bee Jourtvii. Honey & Beeswax Market Quotations. CHICAGO. Ill, June 7. —We baveour usual dull sea■^on which we look forward to and ex- pect. Honey is entirely forgotten durinsr the months of June, July and August. The mar- ket is pretty well cleaned up of all grades of honey, so the prospects are encouraging for the coming season. We are getting I3@14c. for light comb. J.A.I*. KANSAS CITV, Mo.. June 3 —We quote: No 1 white comb honev, l-lbs, 13@l4c.: No. 2. ll@12c.; No. 1 amber, 10c ; No. 2. 8c. Extracted, white. 7c.; amber, 6c,; dark, 5c, Beeswax, 22c, C, C. C & Co, CHICAGO, III., May 23, — The trade in comb honey is very light at this time of the year— as it is between seasons. Soon we will get the new crop, and It will come on a bare market. Just now what little comb sells brings 14c. for the best grades. Extracted. 5H@7c. All good grades ot beeswax. 30c. R. A. B. &Co. CINCINNATI, O.. June 8— Demand Is slow for comb honey at 12@l6c. for best white. 'There Is a fair demand for extracted honey at 4@7c. Beeswax is in good demand at 25@31c. for good to choice yellow. C. F. M. & S. PHILADELPHIA. Pa.. May 18. — Comb honey is In poor demand. Large stores are now waiting for the new crop. Extracted is in fair demand. Beeswax has declined some, but good sales keep market from being over- stocked. We quote: Comb honey. 9c. Ex- tracted, 4 '/jOOc. Beeswax. 29@30c. W. A. S. NEW YORK, N. Y.. May 24.— White comb honey is well cleaned up. Considerable buck- wheat remains on the market, and, as the sea- son is about over, some of it will have to be carried over. Extracted is doing fairly well, with plenty of supply to meet the demand. New southern is airiving quite freely. We quote: Extracted, white, eQei^c: amber, 5 @51.^c. Southern, common, 45@50c. per gal- lon ; choice, 60®65c. While beeswax holds firm at 31@32c., we think it has reached top market and do not expect it to go higher. H. B. & S. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers, Most of whom Quote In this Journal. Cblcago, Ills. J. A. LamON, 43 South Water St. R, A. Burnett & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. Y. F. 1. Sage & Son, 183 Reade Street. HiLDBETH Bros. & Segelken. 120 Jic 122 West Broadway. Chas. Israel & Bros.. 110 Hudson St. I. J. Stringham, 105 Park Place. Kansas Cltj-, ITIo. C, C, Clemoms & Co., 423 Walnut St. Buffalo, N. Y. Batterson & Co., 167 & 169 Scott St, Hamilton, Ills. Chas. Dadant & Son. Ptalladelptala, Pa. Wm. a. Selser, 10 Vine St. Cincinnati, Oblo. C. F. MtJTH & Son, cor. Freeman & Central avB. A CJrand Bee-Smolf er is the one offered by W. C. R. Kemp. Orleans, Orange Co., Ind. It has a 3-iuch fire-barrel, burns all kinds ot fuel, and is simple, etticient and durable. Send 100 cents for a sample smoker, and you will have a rare bargain. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 387 Italian Queens Warranted Purely Mated. 50 cts. each. Tested. 75 cts.. or 2 for $1.00; \1 for*...00 Good Breeders, $2.00 each. F. A. CROWELL, 24A5t GKANGEK. Fillmore Co.. MINN. UenlUm. Vm American Bee J<»licf— Before placing your order for »>upi>lle8 write tor my Very Low Phices on D. T. HIVES, SECTIONS. SMOKERS SHIPPING-CASES AND COMB FOUNDATION. Catalogue Free. ISEtf A. W. SWAN, Ceiitralla, Kaii. Mention tlie American Bee JouniaL LARGEST LINE Made in the World. ALL STEEL on WOOD STEEL LINED. Perpetual v Song: — " Queenie Jeanette" — which is being sung everywhere, we can send you for 40 cents, postpaid, or club it with the American Bee Journal for one year — both for only $1.10. Or, send us one new subscriber for a year (with .?1.00), and we will mail you a copy o£ the song free. 396 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 20, Oeori^-c^ \\\ York, - - JidUttr. PUBLISHED WEEKI^V BV GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, «6 Firth Avenua, - CHICAGO, IKI., $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. fKntered at the Post-Offlce at ChlcaKO as Second-Clase Mail-Matter.] VoLfflV. CHICAGO, ILL, JONE 20, 1895. No. 25. rTVT"TTTVTTTTTTT"T" ▼■T"' Editorial Budgets Don't 'Wait till after your best friends have passed away before speaking a kind word to or about them, or doicg them a kindness. Better give some flowers now, rather than to save them all for the funeral. The Bee-Keepers' Educational Society of Rhode Island will hold its next meeting on Friday evening. June 21, at 8 o'clock, at No. 21 Custom House Street, Provi- dence, R. I. Mr. Samuel Cushman will read an essay on the " Relation of Bees to Fruit and Flowers." It is expected that Mr. J. E. Pond will be present. All are invited to attend. Mr. W. G. Gartside, is the Secretary, and his address is 295 Globe Street, Providence. The Good Old Times seem almost to have come to the region of Higginsville, Mo., for Bro. Leahy in the Pro- gressive Bee-Keeper for June speaks very encouragingly in the following editorial paragraph : We are now having plenty of rain— apparently just enough. White clover is in full bloom, and we are sure of a good honey crop this year ; in fact, part of it is in the hives already. It is almost like the good old times — at least it re- minds us of them— when the land, as it were, flowed with milk and honey. •*-—*• Somnambulist says in the June Progressive that (s)he believes (s)he must be a "veritable Somnambulist." I can hardly believe it, for real "sleep-walkers" often meet with accidents during their nocturnal meanderings, and so far Sommy has been able to keep right side up without a slip. Some have wondered who Somnambulist is. I don't. 'Cause why? Why, Dr. Miller told me ;ie knew. He said Somnam- bulist reads the Bee Journal. I turned right to the list, and sure enough, right there is the name and address. This evi- dence can't be nulliBed, even if the real name isn't "Somnam- bulist." *—*■ A Foreis:n Invitation.— I am glad to acknowl- edge the courtesy of Mr. F. Liodloff, the able editor of Leip- ziger Bienenzeitung, in sending me an invitation to attend the •40th convention of the German, Austrian and Hungarian Bee- Keepers' Association, which occurs Aug. 10 to 18, at Leipsie, in connection with an exposition. What a grand time they will have with such great numbers in attendance as we never dream of in this country. We have much to learn from our German brethren, particularly along the line of bee-conven- tions. I trust the gathering referred to above will be as profitable and enjoyable as it will be large and enthusiastic. Ho'w to IVIake Honey-'Vineg:ar.— Mr. Chas. F. Kehn, of Iowa, requests that the manner of making honey- vinegar be again given in the Bee Journal. At the risk of being charged with too frequent repetition, and yet on account of the many comparatively new readers of the Bee Journal, the following, by Chas. Dadant & Son, on the subject of honey-vinegar, is reproduced : It takes from 1 to 1)4 pounds of honey to make one gal- lon of vinegar. Two good authorities on honey-vinegar, Messrs. Muth and Bingham, advise the use of only one pound of honey with enough water, to make each gallon of vinegar. We prefer to use a little more honey, as it makes stronger vinegar, but the weaker grade is more quickly made. If the honey-water was too sweet, the fermentation would be much slower, and with difficulty change from the alcoholic, which is the first stage, into the acetic. This change of fermentation may be hurried by the addition of a little vinegar, or of what is commonly called vinegar mother. If honey-water, from cappings, is used, a good test of its strength is to put an egg in it. The egg should float, coming up to the surface at once. If it does not rise easily, there is too little honey. As vinegar is made by the combined action of air and warmth, the barrel in which it is contained must be only partly filled, and should be kept as warm as convenient. It is best to make a hole in each head of the barrel, about four or five inches below the upper stave, to secure a current of air above the liquid. These, as well as the bung-hole, should be covered with very fine wire-screen, or with cloth, to stop insects. A very prompt method consists in allowing the liquid to drip slowly from one barrel to another, as often as possible during warm weather. As we make vinegar not only for our own use, but also to sell to our neighbors, we keep two barrels, one of vinegar already made, the other fermenting. When we draw a gallon of vinegar, we replace it with a gallon from the other barrel. Brimstoning- Hives with Combs.— Mr. B. Taylor, in the Farm, Stock and Home, gave this method of treating hives in which the bees had died during the winter, to prevent the destruction of the combs by the moth : The hives containing combs from dead colonies I piled four or five high, and brimstoned every ten days until used. I did this by setting an empty hive-body on top of the piles, in this placing an old milk-can with something under it so as not to burn the combs below, then burning some rags which have been dipped in melted sulphur in the pan, covering all tightly with a sheet of tin or other metal. Editor Holtermann says in the Canadian Bee Journal that he " would hardly care to see women in parlia- ment." He was commenting on an editorial in this journal on page 268, where I said I was "willing to give the women a chance to try their hand at doing justice " to the pursuit of apiculture when the " men " had failed so to do. I still feel that not much of real help to any good cause need be expected from wire-pulling politicians, so I'm not disappointed when they do nothing. Best way is to send (jenuine workers to the legislature and parliament, and not politicians. Value of Bees to Orchardists.— In the Ohio Farmer of recent date a correspondent in Portage county, Ohio, gives a short account of "one season with bees," in which, after telling how he manipulated them, he says this of their great importance to those interested in orchards : While the income in honey was probably sufficient to well repay us for the time and expense placed upon the bees last year, we are far from believing that this is the only benefit that we have received from them. They stood just in the edge of our six-acre apple-orchard, from which I took last year more than GOO bushels of apples. A friend who was in the orchard while we were picking, remarked ; " You may credit this large crop of apples to your sheep that have fertilized the soil, and to your bees which fertilized the blossoms." A farmer and orchardist living in an adjoining township, said: "I want to get three or four colonies of bees, place 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 397 them in my orchard and let them take care of themselves. For a good many years I had a neighbor who kept a number of colonies of bees, and I always had a good crop of fruit. About five years ago he moved away, and since then there have been no bees nearer than two miles from me. I have not had a decent crop of fruit since. Last year ray apple orchard of 20 acres did not yield 200 bushels." This gentle- man's orchard stands upon a considerable elevation, underlaid with sandstone — a position generally believed to be peculiarly fitted for fruit-growing. These statements go to show the line in which popular opinion is tending in regard to the aid which bees give in the proper fertilization of the fruit-blossoms. Scientific investiga- tions, as well as careful observations, have shown that this opinion is the correct one. While there are seasons when the weather is such that the bees cannot work upon the blossoms, and we get but a small amount of fruit, the quantity any year would be very small indeed if it were not for the bees and their work. Let us give these useful insects full credit for this benefit, as well as for the sweet which they collect for us. 9Iake tbe Best of Circumstances.— Mrs. A. L. Hallenbeck, in the May number of the Progressive Bee- Keeper, closes her "Nebraska Notes" with this chunk of wisdom, which should be memorized : Circumstances have brought home to my mind lately the fact that in whatever walk in life we may be situated, it is well for us to learn to make the best of circumstances ; to take whatever of good or value we may have at our disposal, and make of it the most we can. It may be far from what we would prefer, and seem scarcely worthy of our notice ; still, while we earnestly try to do our very best, the unwished-for duty may grow to be a holy work of love, and the dusty, tedious sands we tread in our daily toil may hold for us riches far greater than those we had hoped to gain by climbing heights for which we longed, while the coveted treasures for which we thought to travel far, we find lying at our very feet. A California Bee-Story. — We find the following in one of our exchanges, which may cause some of tha readers of the Bee Journal, who live near " probably the largest bee- hive in the world," to investigate and report : Probably the largest bee-hive in the world is that at Bee Rock, Calif. The rock is, in fact, itself the hive. It is a granite boulder rising abrutly from the bed of a little affluent of the Arroyo Alcade, and it is seamed and scored with fissures of divers sizes, whose depths have never been sounded. They are all inhabited by a vast population of bees, and overflow with honey. It is impossible to estimate the quantity stored in the hidden recesses, and it is needless to say that nobody would be bold enough to explore. It is not without consider- able peril that honey-hunters rifle the bees of that which ap- pears at the edge of and outside the fissures, and that comes to many hundred pounds' weight every year. Bleacliins: Beesfvax. — In reply to a question about bleaching beeswax, an exchange says this : Beeswax may be bleached by melting it, and for every pound adding two ounces of pulverized nitrate of soda and one ounce of oil of vitriol diluted previously with eight ounces of water. While the latter is gradually poured in, heat is ap- plied, and the mixtures swells greatly, necessitating a large vessel. On cooling, the wax gathers on the surface. Those who have the opportunity, might try this on a small scale, and report the outcome. Honey a»> Pood and Ifledicuie. — A new and revised edition of this 33-page pamphlet is now issued. It has 5 blank pages on which to write or paste recipes taken from other sources. It is just what its name indicates, and should be liberally dis- tributed among the people everywhere to create a demand for honey. It eontaius a number of recipes on the use of honey as food and as medicine, besides much other interesting and valuable information. Prices, postpaid, are : Single copy, 5 cts. ; 10 copies 35 cts. ; 50 for *1..50 ; 100 for $2.50. Better give them a trial. Send all orders to the Bee Journal ofiSce. ^rr)or)^ \\)^ Bee-Papers Conductetf by " GI^HA.'SER." GETTING WORKEK-COMB BUILT. An experience of more than 25 years along this line has proven to me that bees cannot be depended upon to build worker-comb jduring the first week after being hived, if there is any completed comb in the hive at the time of the hiving of a prime swarm. With second or third swarms the case is dif- ferent, as bees are more apt to build worker-comb with a queen when she first commences to lay, and only unfertile queens accompany these latter swarms ; and in this case the queen does not commence to lay till the bees are fully accus- tomed to their surroundings. My advice to all is, use only starters in the frames in hiving swarms, or else fill all frames with foundation, or give all frames filled with combs. — Doo- little, in Gleanings. FORM OF HIVE. S. E. Miller, in Progressive Bee-Keeper, refers to the dif- ferent opinions as to form of hive — shallow, deep, square, etc. — and then turns to see what the bees prefer in their natural state. Generally they select a cylindrical cavity in the forest, and it " may be from four to twelve inches or more in diam- eter, and from two to six feet or more in length, and it seems to matter very little whether it stands perpendicular or lies horizontally. The bees will adapt themselves to the form of their abode, and probably rear as much brood and store as much honey as they would in a modern hive, provided all other conditions were the same. Thus it would seem that the honey-bee was created to adapt itself to surroundings instead of the circumstances having to adapt themselves particularly to the bee !" So he concludes the form of the hive doesn't par- ticularly matter, so far as the bee is concerned. ORIGIN OF 5-BANDED BEES. I see I failed to make myself understood where I said that " all of the yellow bees of to-day, having Italian origin, came directly or indirectly from either Mr. Hearn or myself." In this I did not claim all of the 5-banded bees, only those of Italian origin. Mr. Swinson, of South Carolina, and others, produced bees showing five bands fully as soon as either Mr. Hearn or myself, but these bees came from a mixture of Cyp- rian, Syrian, and other bees, with no claim that they were aught else. Why I made the claim that I did, as to the origin of the very yellow Italian bees, was from the fact that I have written to nearly all those claiming to have very yellow Italian bees, who had not purchased queens direct of us, and upon their giving the source from whence their yellow bees came, I found that this source was those who had purchased of either Mr. Hearn or myself. Thus I said " directly or in- directly."— G. M. Doolittle, in Progressive. TANGING BEES. Practical bee-keepers nowadays generally condemn as useless the practice of making a noise of any kind to induce a swarm of bees to settle when inclined to abscond. But now comes no less practical a bee-keeper than S. T. Pettit, defend- ing the practice in Canadian Bee Journal. As apparatus he uses two good cow-bells. He says : " For handles I used stiff leather, like harness tugs. With a bell in each hand and an even start we have not once in about 15 years failed to save absconders, and we have had many severe tests Always have the bells ready at hand. The trained eye can generally detect the intentions of the bees before they start. Now just as soon as you see the course they are after, step right in front of the leaders and open fire. Now, mind you, there must be no cessation or slacking, no, not for a single moment ; the job must be energetically and well done, and victory is sure. During the operation you must keep your eye upon the leaders, and if they veer to go round you, keep in front of them — in fact, you must keep ahead of all the bees. Some few stubborn swarms may drive you 40 rods or more, but such cases are unusual." RENEWING QUEEN.S. Doolittle says in Gleanings that he has found that three- fourths of the superseding of queens takes place during the three weeks immediately after the basswood, the main honey- flow. So he takes advantage of this to replace objectionable queens or those more than a year old. He says : "To this end I start a greater number of queen-cells than 398 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jam 20, usual, from five to eight days before the expected close of the basswood honey harvest ; and when these cells mature, hunt out the old queen and dispose of her, Riving a mature cell 24 hours after havins removed the old queen. If cell-protectors are used, the cell can be given at the time of removing the old queen, thus saving once opening of the hive ; for, as a rule, the bees allow a queen to hatch all right where a cell- protector is used." If the queen is to be replaced only because the new one is younger, and the bees kill the yonng one instead of the old one, then he concludes it is all right, as the bees know their business and will not keep a queen tnat is likely to play out. But notice this manner of Italianizing or renewing queens must be after and not before the honey harvest, for if tried early the young queen will generally be killed. CONDUCTED BY Rev. Emerson T. Abbott, St. Joseph, JWo. Ignorance in the :Kaine of Science. -"After two or three years of laborious existence the bee dies." "A hive often produ.jes from 12 to 20 pounds of honey each year, and a proportional quantity of wax." "The European bee has been acclimatized in America, but it soon returns to its wild state, as indeed do all our do- mestic animals when tempted to another hemisphere." nouri 'By means of the physical education and the special ishment they give them, queens are made from larva?."' J D--W ..., .j..v^^i..j .*. u luuu.^ iiwiu litixity^. The lives of the males are spared in those hives which. instead of a true queen, have only a female half (?) impreg- nated." The above quotations are all taken from a translation of a French writer, Figuer, who was born in 1819, and who has devoted his life to the study of scientific subjects. More, I find this book in our public library, presumably placed there as an authority on entomology. Is it any wonder the editor of the Cosmopolitan made the head-lines (which he had the presumption to add to Mr. Hutchinson's excellent article) bristle with the male gender ? The world " moves," but some- times I am inclined to think it moves very slotv, and that some people who " know a heap," know very little after all. The Best Hive for "Winter.—" I have lost all of my bees of six colonies in single hives [frames hives, I con- clude] and one in a Well's hive, while two skeps (colonies) of my own and two of my neighbor's are apparently in good con- dition." "I am not. a ' skepist,' but my belief in the excellency of the skep for wintering is confirmed." — A. P. J., in British Bee Journal. "The colonies in skeps also are alive and hard at work now, appearing to be somewhat stronger than those in frame hives." — Geo. Brealey, In British Bee Journal. It would be interesting to know how many have had a similar experience, not only in England, but all over the world. It may come to pass after all that the hive does have something to to do with the success of the bee-keeper, espe- cially when that hive is so constructed as to interfere with the natural condition of things. I would be glad if the box-hive people would report to me or the editor, and let us know how their bees came through the winter. Of course there are many things to take into consideration, but such a report might cause us to revise some of our ideas and methods. BEES & QUEENS Ready in May. Queens, $1.00. Bees by the Pound, $1.00. Two-frame Nuclei, with Queen $2,30. One-frame. $2.00. Also. Barred P. R. Eggs, for setting, $1.00 per 1.5. Mrs. A. A. SIMPSON, Box 48, Swarts, Fa. ISAl.'it Please mention the Bee Journal. Woodcliff Queens. I will send a Guaranteed .')-Banded Yellow Queen, bred from a Breeder selected from 1000 Queens (some producing over 400 lbs. of honey to the colony): or a 3-Banded Italian Leather-Colored Queen direct from a Breeder Imported from Italy. Oct. '94— at 75c., and a special low price for a quantity. My secret is to sell an extra-large amount, which enables me to sell at low prices. Will run this spring 3.")0 Nuclei— have 1 home and 4 out apiaries. Bookins Orders Noiv— will begin shipping about May Ist. No Queens superior to my Strain. i^~ Send for Descriptive Catalogue and Testimonials, to Wm. a. Selser. Wvncote, Pa. COMB FOUNDATION. Made by Improved Machinery. Oct Samples. nere are prices by the pound- Just compare. 1 lb. 5 lbs. Heavy or l.„ .. Medium Brood f'-*- *"<'• Light " 44 42 Thin Surplus .50 47 E.vtra-Thln Sur. 55 52 |^~ If wanted at those prices, send to W.J. Finch, Jr.,Springfield, 111 When Answering this Advertisement, Mention this journau 10 lbs. 35 lbs- 39c. 38e. 41 46 51 40 45 50 SAVE MONEY 1 ^^l^i^^!}j^^ ITALIAN QUEENS Foundation at Wholesale Prices. Hives, suited for the South, or SUPPLIES, send for Prlee-List— to A.XJOTJSTA., lOAlst McTition tin AmerUxm Bee JcmmaU J. P. H. BROW.\, Doctor^s fiit)is By DR. PlilRO, CJlioag-o. lU. 100 State Street. The Azure-Blue Sliy. It is the sun shining through the ilnst floating in the air that imparts to the sky the beautiful azure blue we all so much ad- mire. There is only this dust between us and the sun. Dust aud Ligiit. What we actually see in a streak of sun- light entering a dark place, like a cellar, is the glint of the sun on the particles of dust the air contains. But for the dust, there would be little light. When Microbe meets Microbe. The virulence of typhoid fever microbes has been largely exploited. Now conies Dr. Rumpf, who has cultivated another microbe that cures typhoid fever in eight days. In words more intelligible to boys, Dr. Rumpf " sicks " his microbe on Dr. Fraenckel's microbe, and the latter is whipped !— and typhoid fever is cured. It is only repeating what I have said before, that microbes in the system are like the fish in the sea— they feed upon each other. Too Vivid Iinaglnatious. It seems to be the special mission on earth of some people to enlarge upon the dangers that are supposed to surround us. If a neighbor takes siek he's sure to die." Any eruption of the skin is magnified into a con- tagious disease; the least sore throat is diphtheria, and so on — to set everybody's nerves on a tension. Usually such roman- cers know nothing of the conditions that actually exist. They simply have a morbid desire to see people alarmed. Keep a large grain of salt for their benefit! FdUR OF A certain railway official wrote the offlcers in charge of fencing on four great Railroads, where "the PH^e" is in use, asking their "honestopinion"astoits value. He considered the answer so very favorable that ho gave a lai'ge order for the Koad he represented. The replies were confidential, but he stat'^d that the strongest endorsement came from tvhere "the Page" had been longest in use. If farm- ers took such precautions, those who furnish "cheap" wire fences would go out of business. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mech. Mention the American Bee JaivnuLU Ready to Mail ! t^~ Untested Italian Queens are now reads' to mail. Price, *1.00 each; six for 115.00; twelve for $9.00. 23A5t Fai.lbkook, Calif. Me)ition tlic American Bee Jourtwi, 5 DO f YOU 4 WASH DISHES?^ No need of it. The Faultless Quaker will do it for you and ^avetime, hands, dishes, money, and patience;no t-calded hands, broken or chip- ped dishes, no muss. Washes, inces dries and olishes quickly, .rliide of best ma- terial, lasts a life- time. Sellateight. Agents, women or men of honor de- -siring employ- ment may haven payine business by writing now rculars and terms to agents, NOVELTYCO., Salem, 0. Mention the A.merlcan Bee JownM> 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 399 SPECIAL OFFER. For July and August only. To those who have never tried our strain of Honey-Gathering Italians, we will make this Special Offer lor July and August only, to introduce our Bees in your locality: We will send one Warranted Queen in July and Aug. for the trifling sum of 50 cts. Remember^ the Queens we are going to send out for 50 cts. are warranted to be purely-mated, and if not. send us a state- ment of the fact and we will send another free of charge. Only one Queen will be sent at the above price to one address. If you want any more you must pay full price as per Table of Queens in our Circular, which we mail with each Queen. Address all orders to- Leininger Bros., Fort Jennings, Ohio. 22 A5 Mention the American Bee Journal. SUPPLIES BEES QUEENS LARGE STOCK. LOW PKICES. Catalogue Free, n ~i I. J. STRIIVGHAM, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK. N. T. ^^' HELLO! I <^ Had you noticed that we have a bee-iournal in the South? Well, we have. Send ug $1.00 and receive ■■The Southland Queen "one year. Fresh, Practical and Plain. Jennie Atchley begins a Bee-Keepers' School in it June 15. A Steam Bee-Hive Factory. Send for Free Catalogue and Sample Copy of "The Southland Queen." THE JENNIE ATCHI.EY CO. 22Att BEEVILLE, BeeCo., TEX. GOLDEN QUEENS Solid Yellow, $1; Yel- low to tip, 75c. ; darker 60e. Tested"*l to»2. Breeders. $3. Best. So. Samples of Bees. 2c. None better for Honey, Beauty and Gentleness. Ready now. Fully Kuaranteed. F. C. MORROW, Wallacebarjr, ^rk. 20 Al 3 Mention the American Bee Journal. PASTE That Will stick ANYTHING. We have finally succeeded in finding a Paste that will stick labels to tin, plass, etc.— just thing bee-keepers have wanted. It will do the business wherever any " stickum " is re- quired. It is guaranteed to do the work. It is put up ready for immediate use, in the fol- lowing size packages, and at the prices given, by express: yi-gal., 70c.; 1 gal. $1.00; 3,3,4 or 5 gals.. 75c. per gal. It weighs about 8 lbs. to the gallon. Sample of Paste, postpaid, 25c. Address all orders to— GEOKGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. Promptness Is What Counts ! Honey - Jars, Shipping: - Cases, and ev- I erything that bee-keepers use. Root's I Goods at Root's Prices^ and the I best shipping point in the country. Dealer in Honey and Beeswax. Oata- 1 16^1^1 Ave.Walter S. Ponder INDIANAPOLIS. IND. Hr* A ^I^IC-n 1024 Mississippi St • %j» iiCKiin, St. Panl, Illinn. Northwestern Agent For The A. I. Root Co.'s Apiarian Supplies Send for I BEES AND Queens Price-List f For Sale. 2 1 A 1 7 Mention the American Ber Journal. "VTT T rfcllT" TO THE TIP X XaA4A^\J TV Are the Italian Queens that 1 can send by return mail at $1.00 each or SIX for f-). 00. Not one in 100 will prove mismated. and any that do not produce three- banded Bees will be replaced. Tested Queens after June 15th, same price a£ above. yv. H. PRIDGEIV, 22A5 CREEK, Warren Co., N. C Mention Que American Bee Jmvniai, Good Honey Crop Expected. My bees are doing well this spring. I started last spring with S colonies, and now have 34. I have just put the supers on. This year is favorable for a good honey crop here in California. I think the American Bee Journal just the thing for any one having bees. Fowler, Calif., M.ay 35. A. W. Ward. Rolling' in the Honey. The bees are just rolling in the honey from the poplar and Alsike clover. There is a good prospect if it rains soon. It is very dry here, as we have had very little rain since April. The bees filled their hives from the fruit-bloom, and put some in the sections. I tried a small lot of Italian clover. It commenced to bloom the first of May, be- tween fruit-bloom and clover. It is just the thing for bee-keepers. The bees wintered badly. 1 have 16 colo- nies out of 33. Winchester Rickel. Burket, Ind., June 3. Best Flow in 10 Years. Bees wintered well here the past winter, and there has been a splendid honey-flow this spring — the best we have had for 10 years. Bees have swarmed well, but I have had bad luck with mine, having saved only 15 swarms from 31 old colonies, some uniting and some going to the woods. I hived a swarm six weeks ago to-day, in an empty box-hive; now it is fiUl of honey, and they have swarmed. We are having fine weather now, much to the delight of everybody. Griffon, N. C, June 3. B. H. Ives. Tlie Way I Manage My Apiary. I winter my bees in a cave. I take them out when the maples are in bloom. The next day, if it is warm enough, I look over each colony, clip each queen's wing, if not clipped, and then I give each colony a clean hive. It they need feeding I put on a double hive, and then two chaff cushions; take a quart or halt-gallon Mason jars filled with syrup, tie a cloth over the mouth of the jar, and invert it on the frames between the chaff cushions, then take pieces of car- pet, or any other material, and put it over the jars to keep the brood warm. I don't have to disturb the colonies to feed them. I take off the cover and raise the cloths, when I can see it the jars are empty, and replace them with full ones, so the brood is never chilled. I leave the cushions on till cold nights are over. When a colony swarms, I have a little queen-cage, and I pick up the queen when she hops out and cage her. I put this cage on top of a hive that I want them to go in. In less than half an hour they will find the queen and begin to come down on the hive. Then I put the cage at the entrance, and they will go in. I then open queen-cage GOLDEN QUEENS From Texas. My Bees are bred For Bamlnesa, as well as tor Beauty and Gentleness. t^^ Safe arri\ ai and reasonalile satisfac- tion guaranteed. Write for Price-List. Untested, 75c— 'Wnrranted, ^I. J. D. GIVENS, ^^^^?^'TEx. 10A26 Mention the American Bee Journal, ^i BEST GOODS ^ At lotvest prices are what we are all after. The Quality of Uary's Goods has never been questioned. His XX White Thin Foundation and Polished 1-Piece Sections are the Finest on the market. His BEES and QUEENS are from the best strains, and reared and shipped in the way that long years of experi- ence have shown to be the best. He has the largest Stock of BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES in New England: and as to Prices, you have only to send for a Catalog and compare them with those of other dealers. IS^ To those living in the East, there is the still further consideration of low freight rates Addresss, W. W. CARY, COL.RAI1V, IHASS. 22A5 itlentioii AirierlcHii Bee .ioiirii»l wlien writing. ^ "^^SCf* Untested Italian Queens. ^ I- "'Xt Reared from a Queen valued at , K /ffil\'' *50. Can't be excelled as honey-A I'^flA gatherers; 75 cents each. Address ' ^/^\ W. J. FOREHAND, ^ >X 22 A5 FORT Deposit. Ala. « Pf >t<. >te Mi ite >Ji >ti itt .>te >ti >te >li >li 'I Mention Vie American Bee Joumai. ITALIAN queens; Untested, July to Oct., 75c. eacli— 3 for $2.00. Tested Queens, Kl.OO each. By return mail. Satisfaction Gaaranteed. Send for Free Illustrated Circular to THEODORE BENDER, 22A5 18 Fulton St.. CANTON, OHIO. Mention the American Bee Journal. Tlie American 'TRAW HIVI 19 AS Latest and Best, hi Perfectly adapted to Modern Bee Culture. lUistritel Circnlip Froo. HAYCK BROS., QUINCY, ILL. Please mention the Bee Journal. Garden Citv, Kan., May 13, 1895. P. J. Thomas. Fredonia, Kan.— Honor to ivhom bonor is due. The Queen you sent me proved the best out of six 1 bought from ditterent Breeders. J. Hoffman. Big Yellow Golden Italian Queens 75c Three for $2.00. Three-banded, same price. 1-Frame Nucleus, with Untested Queen. $1.75 2-frame, $2.25. Satisfaction guaranteed. P. J. THOmAS, Fredonia, Kan. Mention the American Bee JournaL 22A5 GLOBE BEE-VEIL By Mail for $1.00. A center rivf^t holds 5 sprin^-ateel iCriiss-liarslike a ^'lobe to support the bnbinetVeil. These button to a neat brass neck-band, holding it firmly. It is easily put together; no trouble to put on, or take off. An absolute protection against any insect that Hies. Will go over any ordinary sized hat; can be worn in bed with- qutdisconifort; tits any head; dues noi obstruct the vision; Icflds r impactly, and can be carried in the pocket; in sh-rt, it is invaluable to any one ^hom Dies bother, moeguitos bite, or bees sting, GEOB-GE W. YORK & CO., 400 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 20, Italian Queens Warranted Purely Mated. 'jO f'ts. each. Tested. 73 cts., or 2 for.tl.OO; 12 for $."),00 Good Breeders, $2.00 each. P. A. CROWELL, 24Ar)t GKANGEK. Fillmore Co.. MINN. Me>U,ix>r\ Uie Airicricaii Bee JounuA THROAT AND LUNG DISEASES. DR. PEIRO. Specialist Offices: 1019, lOO State St., CHICAGO. Hours 9 to 4. -FROM IMPORTED MOTHERS- 1 have sTOt 50 Fine, Choice, Select Breeding Italian (Jueens— $1.2.5 each: Untested, 50 cts. About 10 out of every 12 will make fine tes- ted Queens. List Free. L. E. EVAIN»i, 24Elt On,sted, Lenawee Co., Mich. Mention the American Bee Journal. Oraiige-Blossom, Alfalfa or Sage For Sale Cheap. 15Dtf C. W. Dayton, Florence, Calif. Globe BeeV'eii mail for Cue Dollar. Five cross-barB are rivited In the 'centre nt the top. These bend down f and button to studs on a neek-band. 'Die ttars aru beat light sprint: Bteel- The PL'i'k band Is hard spring brass. The netting is white with face-piece of black to see thrsugh. g It is easily put together and folds Bcompactly in a case. 1x6x7 Inches, H~the whole weighing but 5 ounces. It can be worn over an ordinary hat; fits any head; does not obstruct the vision, and can be worn in bed without discomfort. It Is a boon to any one whon? flies bother, mosqultos bite, or bees sting. ^T" This Veil we club with the Bee Journal for one year— both for $1.75; or give free as a Premium for sending- us 3 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at Ji.OO each. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., - CHICAGO, ILLS. " Northern Bred (Jueeus" Our Northern Bred Gray Carniolans and Golden Italian Q.ueens Produce Hardy Bees that Winter Successfully. We malve Qtieen-Kearinp a Specialty. We never saw Foul Brood or Bee-Paralysis. Don't fail to send for Our Free DeKcrlp- tlve Price-Lil»it. Our Prices Are A^vay I>0"WN F. A. liOC'KHART & CO., 17D LAKE GEOKGE, N. T. Mtuticm the American Bee Journal. BEBKSHraE. Chester Wlilte, Jersey Bed and Poland Chin» PIGS. Jersey, GuerDsej and Holsleio Cattle. Thoroughbred Sheep. Fancy Ponltry. Hunting ____^ and House Dogs. Catalogue. W, t'MITBi GachranTlUe, Cheater Co.. Peuna. ] JD26 Mention the American Bee Journal. Write to Wm. H. Bright— For prices on all Improved Bee-Fixtures— Hives, KcelioiiK, Conib Founda- tion, Brood- Frames, Extractors, etc., At Bottom Prices. Golden Italian (Jiiofiis ^'-^^erprioe-List. AVm. H. Briglit, Iflazeppa, miuu. 19Dtt Please mention the Bee Journal. and let her run in. That is all the trouble I have vpith the first swarm. If I want to double them up. I cut out all ((ueen-cells of a hive whose colony has swarmed, then 1 proceed in the same way as I did at first; but they will fight. Sol wet a cloth in water and pour on a few drops of carbolic acid, and push it up in one corner of the entrance, and they will quit fighting. I sometimes have two or three swarms in the air at once, but I cage each queen and put her where I w'ant her to go, and in a short time each will hive itself. All I have to do is to wait until they go in, so I can hive their queen. I have tried this for five or six years, and never have any trouble. I never have but 36 colonies when fall comes. I always cut out all queen-cells of each colony the eighth day. I have never lost one swarm since. I have been in the bee-business 13 years. I am .58 years old, and I always take care of the bees. I have 33 colonies. I don't know of more than one dozen colonies in 15 miles besides mine. All have starved to death. I bought 600 pounds of sugar in the last year for my bees. I have never lost but two colonies in the cave in the 13 years. I tier them up in the cave with all the covers off, with a cloth over them. I put away 30 colonies last year, and took out 19. I had 6 swarms this month. Mart W. Lown. Coin, Iowa, May 28. Bees in Pretty Good Condition. I have 48 colonies of bees in pretty good condition. I lost 8 through the winter and spring. I have had only one swarm so tar. N. Sanders. Greensboro, Ind., June 7. Having a Protracted Drouth. We are having a protracted drouth— no rain to speak of this spring. The white clover and pastures are drying up for want of rain. Alve Wortman. Monticello. Ind., June 3. Outlook Not Bright. Last year's drouth killed all the white clover except a very little along the wet ground, consequently we have nothing to depend upon except the linden, which kept our bees from starvation last year, and perhaps it may again, but the outlook is not bright. O. B. BarkOws. Marshalltown, Iowa, June 7. A Good Deal of Hard Luck. We commenced bee-keeping five years ago with 30 colonies, or rather six years ago with one, which we found on a sumac bush while raspberrying in Wisconsin one day. My husband got it into a cracker-box, tied my shawl around it, and carried it home in his lap while I drove the team. We have now about 60 colonies, which wintered splendidly, but they do not pay as well as they might if they had more care, for we rent a large farm and keep only one hired man. I have been an invalid for the past five years, confined to my bed nearly all the COMB FOUNDATION. Wbolesale uiid. Retail. Quality always the best. Price always lowest. Working Wax iuto Fonndatlon by the lb. a Specialty. I can make it an object for you in any quantity, but offer special induce- ments on straijrht *J5 or 50 lb. lots. Or for making- larg-e lot of Wax into Foundation. I am furnishlnfr larpe Dealers, and can also please you. BeentM'ax taken at all times. Write lor Samples and Prices, to GCS BITTMER, AUGUSTA. WIS. Reference— Aug-ueta Bank. 16Atf When AnswCRrNG this Aovertisewent, Mention this Journal. TAKE NOTICE! BEFORE placing your orders for SUP- PLIES, write lor prices on 1-Piece Bass wood Sections, Bce-Hlves, Shipping -Crates Frames. Foundation, Smokers, etc. PAGE & IvYOPi MFG. CO. NEW LONDON, WIS. Moition the American Bee Journal. Control Your Swarms, Requeen, Etc. Send 25c. for sam- ples of West's Patent Spiral Wire Queen- Cell Protectors, and ■ Patent Spiral Queen Hatching and Intro- ducing Cage; & best Bee-Escape, with cir- cular explaining. 12 Cell-protectors. 60c. ; 100.$:!. 12 cages. $1; 100, $.5, by mail. Cir- cular free. Address. N. D. WEST, middle- bnrgli, Scliobarle Co , N. 1. Sold also by all leading supply-dealers. 22A5 Mention the American Bee Journal. Goldeu Italian Queens. One Untested Queen before June 1st $1.00 Six " '■ •• ■■ ... 5.00 One " " after " 75 Six " '• •• •' .... 4.20 One Tested '■ before " 1.50 Six •' " " " 7.50 One '• •• after " .... 1.00 Six •■ " •' '•.... 5.00 One Selected Tested for breeding. $3.00. Prlce-Mst Free. W. H. WHITE, 22A5t DEPORT. Lamar Co., TEX. Mention the American Bee journal. PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATIOH Has No Sag in Brood-Frames Thin Flat-Uottom Foundation Has Ko Fishbone Id the Sorplos Honey. Beln^ the cleaneBt Is usaally worked tbe quickest of any Foundation made J. VAN DEUSEN A: SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Sprout Brook MonlKomery Co., N. Y. IMPORTED l^'^i'o'lS.r"^'"^^?'-"^" ''■ Breeders-*1.50 toa Tested Queens— 00 each. 21 A W. C. Frazler. Atlantic, loiva. WHEN ANSWEHING THIS ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAL. f^ Either 3 or 5 Band- ■ I - _ ^^ ^^ a^K ^ ed, T5c. each; 6 for ■ ■linQllO U.'Zo. Give me a ■ I I I FT ■■ I I ^^ trial. I can please W U W W I I W you. Catalog free. %l Cbas. H. 'I'liles, 24Ait Steeleville, Randolph Co,, III. Mention the American Bee Journal SMOKERS : MIVES Send for Circulars and Prices, to T. F. BINGHAM, ABRONIA, MICH. 23Att Please iiMMitiun the lU-e Journal. NI'tXEl'S Colonies. Italian Queens, Bee- Supplies. G. M. Whitford, Arlington, Neb 24A4t ItientUm the American Bee JounuU. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 401 Honey & Beeswax Market Quotations. CHICAGO, III., June 7.— We have our usual dull season which we look forward to and ex- pect. Honey is entirely forgotten durinipr the months of June. July and August. The mar- ket is pretty well cleaned up of all grades of honey, so the prospects are encouraging for the coming season. We are getting 13@14c. for tight comb. J. A. L. KANSAS CIT7. Mo., June 3.— We quote: No. 1 white comb honey, l*lbs., 13(SH4c.; No. 2. ll@12c.; No. .1 amber, lOc; No. 2, 8c. Extracted, white, 7c.; amber, 6c. ; dark. 5c. Beeswax. 22c. C. C. C & Co. CHICAGO. III.. May 23.— The trade in comb honey is very light at this time of the year— as it is between seasons. Soon we will get the new crop, and it will come on a bare market. Just now what little comb sells brings 14c. for the best grades. Extracted, 5^@7c. All good grades of beeswax. 30c. K. A. B. &Co. CINCINNATI, O.. June 8.— Demand Is slow for comb honey at 12@16c. for best white. There Is a fair demand for extracted honey at 4@7c. Beeswax is in good demand at25@3ie. for good to choice yellow. C. F. M. & S. PHILADELPHIA. PA., May 18. — Comb honey is in poor demand. Large stores are now waiting for the new crop. Extracted is in fair demand. Beeswax has declined some, but good sales keep market from being over- stocked. We quote: Comb honey, 9c. Ex- tracted, 4i4@6c. Beeswax. 29@30c. W. A.S. NEW YORK. N. Y., May 24. -White comb honey is well cleaned up. Considerable buck- wheat remains on the market, and, as the sea- sou is about over, some of it will have to be carried over. Extracted is doing fairly well, with plenty of supply to meet the demand. New southern is airiving quite freely. We quote: Extracted, white, 6@6>4c.; amber, 5 @5l^c. Southern, common, 45®o0c. per gal- lon: choice, 60@6oc. While beeswax holds firm at 31®32c., we think it has reached top market and do not expect it to go higher. H. B. & S. MUTH'S HONET EXTBACTOB PERFECTION Cold-Blast Smokers, Square Glass Honey Jars, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son. Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, 0. Send lOo for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers. Mention the A.nierican Bee JounwL List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers, Most of whom Quote In this Journal. Cblcago, Ills. J. A. LamON, 43 South Water St. K. A. Bcknett & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. Y. F. I. Sage & Son, 183 Heade Street. HiLDKETH Bros. & Seqelken. 120 & 122 West Broadway. Chas. Israel & Bros., 486 Canal St. I. J. Strinqham, 105 Park Place. Kansas City, mo, C. C. Clemoms & Co., 423 Walnut Ht. Buffalo, N. Y. Baiterson & Co., 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chas. Dadant & Son. Plilladelpbia, Pa. Wm. A. Selser, 10 Vine St. Cincinnati, Oblo. C. F. MtlTH & Son. cor. Freeman H Central avs. A d-auueen-Bee3 are reared In perfect accord with Nature's way. 17f> pages, bound la cloth, and Illustrated. Price. Sl.OO. A B C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. Root.— A cyclop:«dla of 400 pauey. describing everything pertaining to the care of the honey-bees. It con- tains aOO engravings. It was written especially for beginners Bound in cloth. Price, $1.25. Jl Year Amonff the Bees, by Br. C. C Miller-. A talk about some of the Implements, plans and practices of a beekeeiH'i- of 25 years' experience, who has for 8 years made the production ttf honey his exclusive business. It gives full particulars about caring for bees throuehout the whole year. lU pages, bound in cloth, and Illustrated. 50 cts. Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.— The author of this work Is too woll known to need further description of his book. He Is a practical and entertaining writer. Vi'U should read his book. 90 pages, bound In paper, and Illustrated. Price, 50 cts. Kjitlonal Bee-Keeplnsr, by Dr. John Dzlerzon — This la a translation ol his latest German book on bee-culture. It has a50 pages; bound In cloth, $1.25; In paper covers, $1.00 Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newrnan.— This la a German translation of theprlnclppi por- tion of the book called Bkes OP HoXEY. 10 .. page pamphlet. Price, 40 cents. The Apiary Kesl^ter. by Thomas G. Ne -i .^n — A record and account buok for the apiary, i : ■•)'.- ing two pages to each colony. Leatlier bir-* :■: Price, for 50 oolonles. $1.00. For 100 colonies, $ ■ ' Convention Hand-BooU, for Bee-Keepers, , - Thomas G. Newman.— it contains the parliamen- tary law and rulea of order for Bee-Conventions— also Constitution and Uv-Laws, with subjects for discussion, etc. Cloth, gold-lettered. Price, 25 cts. "Winter Problem In Bee-Keeplner, by G. K. Pierce.- The author has had 25 years' experience In bee-keeping, and for tive years demoted all his time and energies to the pursuit. Paper covers. 50 cts. Bee-Keeping: for Profit, by Dr. G. L. Tinker. —It fully details his new system of producing honey with hla hive. It has ■ oages. Price, 25 cents. Honey as Food and Medicine, by T. G. Newman.— A 32-page pamphlet : just the thing to create a demand lor honey at home. Should be scattered freely. Contains recipes for Honey-Cakes. Cookies, Puddings, Foam, Wines, and uses of honey for medicine. Prices, prepaid— Sint-'le copy. 5 cts.; 10 copies. 3.> cts.: 50for$l.5O: looior $2.50; 250 for $5.50; 5O0 for $10.00; or lOOfi for $ir..i)0. When 250 or more are ordered, we will print the bee-keeper's card (free ot coat) on the front cover page. Comuierctal Calculator, by C. Ropp.— A ready Calculator, Bu.-'iness Arithmetic and Ac- count-Book combined iii one. Every farmer and . businessman should have it. No. 1, bound in water proof leatherette, call flnish. Price. .jO cts. No. 2 in fine artitlcial leather, with pocket, silicate slate, and account-book. Price, $1.00. The World's Fair Women, by Mrs. J. D. Ilill.— Daintiest and prettiest book issued in con- nection with the Worltl's Fair. Contains superb full-page portraits and skPtchesof 31 ot the world s Fair women and wives ot prominent ofBcials. Bound in leatherette. Price, 7r>cts. Green's Six Books on Fruit-Culture, by Chas. A. Green.— Devoted lat. to Apple and Pear Culture; 2nd. Plum and Cherry Culture; 3rd. Rasp- berry and Blackberry Culture; 4th, Grape Culture; 5th, Strawberry Culture. 129 pp.; illustrated. 2octs. Garden and Orchard, by Chas. A. Green. —Gives full instructions in Thinning and Marketing Fruits; Pruning, Planting and Cultivating; Spray- ing, Evaporation, Colil Storage, Etc. y4 pages, Illus- trated. Price, 25 cts. AnierikanlKclie Blenenzncht, by Hans Buschbauer.— Printed in German. A hand-book on bee-keeping, giving the methods in use by the beat American and German apiarists. Illustrated; 138 paues. Price. $i.(.)o. Thirty Vears Among the Bees, by Henry Alley.— Gives the results of over a quarter- century's experience in rearing queen-bees. Very latest work of the kind. Nearly 100 pages. Price, 50c. Capons and Caponizin^c, by Dr. Sawyer. Fanny Field, and others.— Illustrated. All about caponizing fowls, ann thus how to make the most money in poultry-raising. 64 pages. Price, 30 cts. Ho^v to Propas:ate and Grow Fruit, by Chas. A. Green.— Brief instruotions in budding, grafting and layermg: also propagation of fruit trees, vines and plants. 72 pages. Price 25 cts How We Made the Old Farm Pay, by Chas. A. Green,— Gives his personal experience on a fruit farm which he made yield a generous for- tune. 64 pages; illustrated. Price, 25 cts. Our Poultry Doctor, or Health in the Poultry Yard and How to Cure Sick Fowls, by Fanny Field,— Everything about Poultry Diseases and their Cure. 64 pages. Price, 30 cts. Fnierson Binders, made especially for the Bee Journal, are convenient for preserving each number as fast as received. Not mailable to Canada. Price, 75 cts. Poultry for Iflarket and Poultry for Profit, by Fanny Field.— Tells everything aboutthe Poultry Business. 64 pages. Price, 25 cts. Turkeys for ITIarket and Turlveys for Profit, by Fanny Field.— All about Turkey-Raising. 64 pages. Price, 25 cts. Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R. Cheshire.— Its Cause and Prevention. Price, 10 cts. Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnbe.— Origin. Development and Cure. Price, 25 eta. Book Clubbing Offers. The following- clubbing prices include the American Bee Journal one year with each book named. Remember, that only one book can be taljen in each case with the Bee Jour- nal a year at the prices named. If more books are wanted, see postpaid prices given with the description of the books on this page. Following is the clubblng-Ust : 1. Langstroth on the Honey-Bee $2.10 2. A B O of Bee-Culture [Cloth bound]. 1.80 3. A B C of Bee-Culture [Paper bound]. 1.50 4. Bee-Keeper's Guide 1.63 5. Bees and Honey [Cloth bound] 1.65 6. Bees and Honey [Paper bound] 1.25 7. Scientific Queen-Hearing 1.65 8. A Year Among the Bees 1.35 9. Advanced Bee-Culture 1.30 10. Amerikanische Bienenzucht [Germ.] 1.75 11. Bienen-Kultur [German] 1.25 12. Rational Bee-Keeping [Cloth bound] 2.00 13. Rational Bee-Keeping [Paper bound] 1.75 14. Winter Problem in Bee-Keeplng... . 1.30 15. Thirty Years Among the Bees 1.30 18. Bee-Keeping tor Profit 1.15 17. Convention Hand-Book 1,15 18. Poultry for Market and Profit 1.10 19. Turkeys for Market and Profit 1.10 20. Capons and Caponizing 1.10 21. Our Poultry Doctor 1.10 22. World's Fair Women Souvenir 1.50 23. How We Made the Old Farm Pay 1.15 24. Green's Six Books on Fruit-Culture.. 1.15 25. Garden and Orchard 1.15 20. How to Propagate and Grow Fruit. . . 1.15 27. Rural Life 1.10 28. Emerson Binder for the Bee Journal. 1.60 29. Commercial Calculator. No. 1 1.25 30. Cammerclal Calculator, No. 2 1.50 Book Premium Offers. In the following Premium Offers the full $1.00 for the Bee Journal one year must be sent us for each new subscriber secured, and each new subscriber will also receive a free copy of Newman's " Bees and Honey," bound In paper, except where the sender of the club is a new subscriber himself— he would be en- titled only to the premium book, and not "Bees and Honey," also. For 4 new subscribers. No. 1 in the list of books; for 3 new subscribers, your choice of Nos. 2, 4, 5. 7. 10, 12, 28; for 2 new subscrib- ere, your choice of Nos. 3, 6, 8, 9, 11. 13. 14, 1."), 22. 30; for 1 new subscriber, your choice of Nos. 16, 17, 18, 19,20,21,23,24,25,26, 27, 29, 404 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 20, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! It Is iilwiiys iviiiiciiiiy to liuy the best, espe- cially wben the best cost no more than somethltifr not half so good. OUR FAL- CON SKCTIDNS ure aoknowledjred to be superior to any on the market. The same Is also true of our HIVES and BEE- KEEl'EKS' Sl'PHLlES. of whkh we make all nioilerii styles. OUK PKICES will be found as low a.s those of any of our competitors, and In many cases low- er, and you are always sure of Kettlntr flrst-class uroods. We also publish THE AMEKICAN HEE-KEEPER, a monthly magazine (Filth vearl at 50c. a j'ear, in- valuable to beKinii.TS. Large illustrated catalogue and price-list free. Address, THEff.T.FALCOmWFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. ia^ W. m. Gerrlsli, of East Nottliis- Iiam, N. H., Is our Eastern agent. New England customers may save freight by pur- chasing of him. Mention tJic A^mcricaii Bee Journal. Get Our High Prices on— ]{ONEY A^EESWAX Before Selling. HORKIE & ItlC'COINKEV, Commission Merchants, 224 South Water St., Chicago, III. fieference— First National Bank. 24Ai:i Mention Vie Attwrlcaii Bee Journal. I AEISE q^O SAY to the readers L of tho BEE JOURNAL that I>OOLlTTLE has concluded to sell -BKBS and QUEEN8- In their season, during 1896. at thefollowtng prices : One Colony of Italians on 9 Gallup frames, in lipht shipping-box $7 0C) Five Colonies 30 00 Ten Colonies 50 (X) I untested queen, l oo 6 " queens 12 1 tested Queen.. 3 " Queens 1 select tested q ueen 2 00 3 " " Oueenssoc Select tesied queen, previous season's rearinK. . 4 oo Kitra Selected for breedinji, the vkry best. . 6 00 About ft Pound of BKKS in a Two-frame Nucleus, with any Queen. f2.iKi extra. ^f Circular free, Rlvlnn full particulars retrard- Ing the Bees and each class of Queens. Address 5 50 10 00 91 50 4 00 12A^5t G. M. DOOLITTLE, BORODINO. Onon. Co., N. Y. Houseliold Repairing Outfit. This Outfit Is a combination of the practical, tried and common-sense tools and materials that will enable anyone with enough ingen- uity to drive a nail, to do his own half- soling, boot, shoe, rubber and harness repairing, right at home. No pegs re- quired. Simple wire clinch nails. Saves time, trouble, ex- pense and ve.xal ious "shoe-maker's bro- ken promises." En ftisal '"''■^ Outfit, neatly itwl \imA boxed, by express, only $-2.00. Or clubbed with the Bee Journal for 1 year— both for $'2. (JO; or given as a Premium for sending us 0 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at $1.00 each. Abbott's Space. I t^atest— simplest— cheapest— Best Better Tiian Testimonials ! Five St. Joe Hives, U-Storyjor $3.50 Only one crate of five hives at this price to new customers to let them see the best hive made. Do not write, but send on the cash (no private checks taken)', and the hives will go the same day. Good only while this ad. ap- pears In this space. Satisfaction Guaran- teed. Einerson T. Abbott, ST. JOSEPH, MO. I The " St. Joe " Hive. I Hill Bee-Feeders. We have a few of the HUI Bee- Feeders on hand, which we mall, prepaid, 2 for 40c. Oris by express l'orjl.50 —6 for 80c. We will send 2 postpaid with the Bee Journal for a year, for $1.25, or give two Feeders as a Premium tor sending us One New Sub- scriber to the Bee Journal, with Jl.OO. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. YoiirBeeswaxExchanged UNTIl. FURTHEK NOTICE, we will allow 30 cents per pound for Good Yel- low Beeswax, delivered at our office— in ex- change for Subscription to the Bee Joxjrnal. for Books, or anything that we offer for sale In the Bee Jouknal. In thus exchanging, we cannot afford to allow any Club Rate prices. Always ship the Wax by Express, and pre- pay the charges; also put your name and address on the package to avoid mistakes. GEORGE W. "iORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. Seventeen Years Ago ***« mm^ Dadant's Foundation Was first offered for sale. The following parties keep it in stock and have kept it for years for sale. Why ? Because they want to handle only the best goods, and they say they get the best goods when they buy Dadant's Foundation. Thomas G. Newman. Chicago, Ills. C. F. Mulh & Son, Cincinnati. Ohio Chas. H. Green. Waukesha, Wis. Chas. Hertel. Freeburn. Ills. E. Kretchmer. Ked Oak. Iowa. Jo9. Nysewander, Des Moines, Iowa. Q. B. Lewi8 Co.. Watertown, Wis, James Reynolds ElevatorCo.. Foughbeepsle. N Y. Page & L.yon. New Lundon. Wis. La. Bee-Keepers' Supply Co., Donaldsons iile. La. E. F. Quigley. Uniunvllle, Mo. Q. K. Hubbard. Fort Wayne. Ind. L. Hanssen, Davenport, Iowa. 0. Theilmann.Theilmanton. Minn. E. C, Eajjlesfield. Berlin. Wis. Walter S. Pouder. Indianapolis, Ind K.T.Abbott, 8t. Joseph, Mo. J. M. Jenkins. Wetumpka, Alabama John Rey, East Saginaw, Mich. J. W. Bittenbender. KnoxriUe. Iowa. Vickery Bros., Evansville. Ind. Mrs. Jennie Atohley, Beeville. Texas. Is not such a steady trade a proof of real merit in the goods we sell ? We also make a specialty of Veils and "Veil Stufil^ of best quality. Beeswax Wanted at All Times. Bee-keepers' Supplies, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails, etc. Samples of Foun- dation and Tulle FREE with circular. Instructions to beginners with circular. Send us your address. CHAS. DADANT & SON, Mmtum the American Bee Journal. HAMILTON, Hancock Co. , ILL. You may be able to get Supplies at But how does the workmanship compare with our-- ii We are receiving dailj', unsoUalted, testimonials like this : THE A. I. KOOT CO.:— The Dovetailed hives ordered of you some time ago arrived from the railroad to-day, and this evening I put oue of the bodies togetliei-. and must say It was just fuu. Those dove tailed pieces were •• yoost der tit." In fact, every thlug seems tome so far to be better than tlie catalog promised or than 1 expected. I thank you lor your promptness with which you lllled the order, and especially for the quality of the goods you seut. I will say they are lar ahead, as regards lumber In hives and frames than any 1 ever saw before, and 1 have seen a number ordered of other dealers, at lower prices; but for quality of lumber in both hives and frames, and for workanshlp, I have seen nothing to compare with those you sent me. S. L. Payne. Westfall, Oreg.. May 5. This ezpIaliiK onr great flood of orders. 36-page Catalog free. MeiUUni Vi€ American Bee JounuiL The A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, O. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. 1861 35tli Year. CHICAGO, ILL., JUNE 27, 1895. No. 26. Cot;)tnbuted /Vrticlcs^ On Imjictrtant A-piarian Subjects* Swarmiag Management for Comb-Honey Folks. BY ADRIAN GETAZ. This is for comb-honey producers. For those engaged in the extracted-houey business, I have nothing to say, except Hans Schnitzel and the Giant Bees. No. 1 — " Py chimminy kracious, doze pig Chiant pees vill all mine podadoes sad oop alretty maype ! I fix dem ! " >'i^ No. 'i — " Shoo, dere 1 you pig shtingers I so help me kracious 1 " I kills you all dead, that the book, " Langstroth Revised," gives the best informa- tion I know on the subject. The majority of our leading writers and practical bee- keepers allow their bees to swarm once : they hive the swarm on the old stand, and arrange to have as many of the bees as possible with the swarm, and depend upon the swarm for gathering the surplus they may get. If there is only a few weeks of honey-flow ahead, they contract the brood-nest as much as possitsie, so as to get honey instead of brood. Most of them agree, nevertheless, that colonies that do not swarm at all, give better results ; and if they do allow swarming, it is because they cannot prevent it without disturbing the colony, causing the bees to get the swarming-fever, sulking and hang- ing outside of the hive, etc., instead of gathering nectar. Where the honey-flow is long enough, both the colony and the swarm may have time enough to build up and gather more than the non-swarming colony. This is not the case with me. In this locality the non-swarming colony is de- cidedly ahead. ^1^^' ^^\^ (JZZZ> No. 3 — ''Ach, Himmel ! I sbpills mine kartoffel all de vioor ofer, und doze plamed olt pees now vants to shting me, doo, py cholly!" , <^a^* No. 4 — Ooh ! I not can shmell goot some more ! Anyhow. I knocks dere heads righd avay guick olf — doze confoundt Chiant pees! I vants no more fighd mit dem, py Sockery ! "' We come now to the crevention of swarming. There is, so far, only one way to do it, that is, removing the queens. Messrs. Elwood, Hetherington and Aikin have practiced it for years, and with hundreds and even thousands of colonies, and obtained splendid results. The process as given by Mr. Elwood is as follows : At the beginning of the honey-flow, or rather at the time 406 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 27, swarming is about to- commence, the queens should be re- moved and placed each with a comb or two and some bees in a nucleus. All queen-cells should be destroyed then, and again eight or nine days later. In a week or ten days more the queens can be returned. With them, the process has the advantage that it not only prevents swarming, but also increases the surplus crop, from the fact that no brood is reared during about 15 or 20 days, and all the honey that would have been consumed by that brood is saved. Besides, the bees reared' at that time would be only consumers as, by the time they would come out of the cells, the honey-flow is over. With me, the case is altogether different.' To prevent swarming I would have to remove the queens between the 1st and 15th of May. Brood at that time, with me, produces bees that will be ready to work when my surest surplus (the sourwood) is to be gathered, and it seems to me that I cannot afford to lose 15 or 20 days of brood-rearing under such con- ditions. At any rate, the loss of brood ought to be reduced as much as possible. Mr. Aikin (of Colorado), at a bee-keepers' convention, gave the following : His honey-How begins about June 15, and lasts from -10 to 60 days. He removes the queens just before the honey-flow, cuts all the queen-cells but one, and in 8 or 10 days cuts again all the queen-cells that may have been started since ; and allows the colony to requeen, unless he chooses to give them another queen. This is about the same as Mr. Elwood's process, except that the time without rearing brood is not quite as long. I should think that allowing the bees to rear a young queen wonld have the advantage of pre- venting any possible swarming later in the saason. For those who wish to have a full description of the El wood and Aikin methods, I refer to the American Bee Journal for IStto, Dec. 14, page 751: and 757 ; and Oct. 26, page 528. Mr. Hutchinson, during the last few years, has removed all the queens early in the spring, and replaced them by young queens from the south. He has never told the public what success he meets with, any farther than what is published in his advertisement for selling his removed queens. I have never tried the Langdon swarmer. I saw at once, when it was first given to the public, that it would have the disadvantage of reducing brood-rearing considerably, and I considered that too great an objection. At that time (ab6ut two years ago) I conceived the idea of turning the bees iffto the supers instead of turning them in another hive, and " in- vented " a contrivance to attain the result. Briefly told, the idea was to close the brood-nest except a bee-escape, and con- duct the bees directly to the supers through a passage box. The supposition was, that the few young bees left in the brood-nest without anything brought from the field would de- stroy the queen-cells and give up swarming; and that the old bees, finding themselves out of their regular home, atid with- out a queen, would also give up swarming and start to work in the supers in earnest. It also occurred to me that a comb of brood placed in the passage box would prevent the bees from being too much discouraged, or from scattering into the neighboring hives. Also that the escape from the brood-nest ought to be constructed in such a way that the outside bees could not realize that their old brood-nest is behind, or they would cluster on it, and possibly smother those left inside. For full description, seethe American Bee Journal of Dec. 14, 1893, page 757. Now for the results : Last May, between the 1st and cJrd, I closed the brood- nest of 6 hives having large brood-nests (13 Langstroth frames), and 19 hives having brood-nests of 8 frames a little larger than the Langstroth frames (about 9 Langstroth frames). The brood-nests remained closed from 3 to 0 days — rather too short a time for good results, but I was rather timid about it. In the first place, bees did not work in the sections as I hoped — they hung about the entrance, and in the passage box. I thought perhaps the comb in the passage box would be a splendid affair to rear fine queen-cells, but I was disappointed. For some unaccountable reason the queen-cells reared there were nothing but miserable little bits of things. The escape works well. It is necessary to have a comb in the passage box. The brood-nest did not get depleted of bees as fast as I thought it would ; but queen-cells, drones and drone-brood were all destroyed. Some of the young bees that were probably out for the first time, succeeded in going back through the escape. None of the worker-brood already started was lost, but no more, or very little more, was reared. On the other hand, I found plenty of eggs, showing that the queens must have kept on laying during at least two or three days after closing. One thing I secured, was the sure de- struction of all cells that may have been already started, and by a much cheaper way than cutting them out myself. Of the 6 hives with large brood-nests, only one so far (June 12) has swarmed, and as I found neither eggs nor young brood, I suppose the queen died. Of the 19 hives with small brood-nests, only three have swarmed, two of which were evi- dently crowded for space, the brood-nest being nearly full of brood. To be fair, I ought to compare with those not thus treated, but I cannot give definite results. Several colonies had already swarmed; those treated were the strongest among those that had not yet swarmed, some were divided, some queens were replaced, so I am not in shape to compare. I can only state the facts as they are. One incident occurred last year in a trial of the "appara- tus" that I must relate. I had placed it on a colony that was ready to swarm. The next day they s^varmed from the brood- nest through the escape, and clustered upon a tree. The swarm was queenless, since the escape is arranged with a piece of perforated zinc at the base of the cone. That queen- less swarm remained three days on that tree, and I don't know how much longer it would have been there if I had not hived it. The only way I can explain it is, that those of the bees that went back home found the things so changed (by closing the brood-nest) that they did not recognize the place, did not know where to go, and thus remained on the tree. Knoxville, Tenn. What Dr. Miller Thinks. How TO Prevent Swakmisg. — That's always an enticing title, but one gradually learns not to expect too much from it. On page 374, Friend Welch gives the general practice of all who work for comb honey, but this must be an exceptional case if it does much to prevent swarming. Will he please give us exact figures as to number of swarms from a certain num- ber of colonies '? Also size of hives he uses ? Time of Day to Extract. — I never thought of it before, but A. C. Sanford gives a good idea on page 374, to extract in the morning when the least thin honey is in the hive. Per- haps the Dadant plan is better, to leave all on until the close of the season, and then there will be no thin honey. Pure Italians and Laying Workers — John McArthur is somewhat revolutionary ou page 378. A pure Italian queen is generally understood, if 1 am not mistaken, to be one not only whose parentage is pure Italian, but whose fecun- dation has been by a pure Italian drone. He calls her pure without reference to her mating. Perhaps that might have been the better way, but it may be a question whether it is practical or desirable to chapge the meaning established by usage. Again, if I understand him correctly, he wants to change the definition of pure Italians so that they must not only have three yellow bands, but must be yellow to the tip. That would put things in such shape that none of the queens im- ported from Italy are pure, as none of them produce workers yellow to the tip ; and it would also make included among pure Italians those yellow bees descended from Syrian or Car- niolan stock. Mr. McArthur finds a use for that much-despised class of bees — laying workers ; but I'm afraid he'll not find many to agree as to their usefulness. Spring Desertion. — Oliver Doty will probably have in future years more experience like that he mentions on page 385, and very likely he'll never get a satisfactory explanation. Bees sometimes desert their hives in spring when nothing wrong can be seen, unless it be that there are too few bees present to take care of the brood. Strong colonies are not likely to desert their hives. Marengo, 111. Trying Bee-Hives — Winter Losses of Bees. BY B. TAYLOR. In a recent letter from our jolly friend. Dr. C. C. Miller, he says : " I have been so crowded that I have not previously ac- knowledged the receipt of yours of the 9th, for which I thank you. But what terrible thing have I ever done to you that you would inflict on me the trial of all the hives in the world 1 For you talk of bantering all to send their hives to me for trial. Bless your heart, I'm so crowded now that I have the hardest kind of work to keep things straight, and if such a 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 407 thing were put upon me as to have 25 to 40 different hives in use, I might soon reach the lunatic asylum." Mr. Editor, if anything will save Friend Miller from the lunatic asylum, one of my handy wire-end frame hives will do it. I am not making thciu for sale, and have no motive in making the proposition I did to the Doctor; but to save him and others from losing their minds, I have been hoping for some time that the " Ideal " hive would appear and assert its superiority. But instead, the confusion seems increasing, so I propose to send one of ray hives to the Doctor, and let him pronounce upon it theoretically, then hive a swarm into it, and after carefully testing in actual use, pronounce judgment. Let others who think they have the best hive in the world do the same, and then we will have some data to go upon as to the best hive. It is not the size of my hive I propose to test (they can be made of any size), but the best method of constructing and suspending movable frames. In this matter we seem to be no nearer settlement than 20 years ago. In that time the bee- papers have been filled with articles on the question, and many new styles of frames have been invented. I have given nearly every style mentioned a fair trial, and now honestly believe my wire-end frame, as I use it, is entirely ahead of any other in use ; and for the purpose of settling that ques- tion in the interest of the bee-keeping fraternity, I propose this test. " Let us have peace." CAUSE OF LOSS IN WINTEKING. Another paragraph in the Doctor's letter reads thus : " Sorry to hear of your bees coming out so badly, and am waiting to see in print what you think is the reason." In both the winters and springs of 1894 and 1S93, I have lost heavily in bees. Last spring I explained what I be- lieved to be the cause of the losses in the previous winter, charging it to the fact of having mostly old bees in the colo- nies at the commencement of winter. The season of 1894 was a repetition of that of 1893 here. Drouth prevailed dur- ing the entire summer and fall, and bees did poorly, but few bee-keepers getting any surplus in both 1893 and 1894. I secured 100 pounds of surplus from good colonies ; this was all white honey, and was collected from Alsike clover and basswood. At the end of basswood (the last of July) all the surplus was removed. The hives at that time were heavy with honey in the brood-nest, but the drouth continued through the fall, the Powers dried up, and but little further honey was col- lected by the bees. The consequence was, that brood-rearing was mostly suspended, and by Sept. 15 many colonies had not a particle of brood. When the time came for putting the col- onies into winter quarters, I found them fairly heavy with stores, but generally light in bees. I prepared thera with great care, and put them into a first-class cellar where the temperature was under complete control, and kept them at about 42'. The bees remained very quiet during the entire winter. I swept the dead bees from the cemented floor often, and from the first there was many dead. This continued all winter, and by March 15 many colonies were entirely cleaned of bees, leaving hives with splendid clean combs, well filled with honey. * March 20 I began putting the live colonies on the sum- mer stands, and continued it at intervals until April 8, when all were out. The weather was fine, honey began to come in freely very early, and I had great hope of escaping further loss, but each day I noticed hives from which bees had ceased to fly. Examination generally found a handful of young, downy bees with a queen and a little brood in all stages ; but despite all warm covers and care, in a few days they were gone — there not being any field-bees to supply the family needs — and I now have 70 hives from which the bees so perished. Now, friends, don't spend a bit of pity for me. 1 am not in tlie least discouraged. Never more confident in my life in bee-keeping ! These 70 hives are filled with splendid brood- combs, and thousands of pounds of honey. I have now 60 colonies in splendid condition. Swarms have just begun to come (May 28), and none but a skillful apiarist can know how easily and rapidly my lost colonies can be restored. The last two years have been the most instructive in my experience, in regard to winter losses and spring dwindling. Seeming mysterious results were continually happening in these lines. The pollen and many other theories have been ad- vanced to account for them. For the pollen theory I never had respect enough to argue. To collect pollen is Ndturc's voice, and I think she knows more than the conceity bee- keeper who claims to have "doubled the profits of honey- production." I have for some time been squinting in the direction of the age and condition of the bees themselves in our colonies when put into winter quarters, as the key to safe results, and I now know that no style of hive or perfection of quarters can keep alive a colony of old bees, five or six months, and rear young bees to take their place. If my bees had been fed a few ounces each day during the last of August and early Sep- tember, they would have continued rearing brood, and my 70 empty hives would mostly now be filled with good colonies of live bees. I have proved that bees will not continue brood- rearing when the surplus is suddenly taken away, and honey ceases to come from the fields, even when the hives are well stored with honey. Hereafter, when there is no fall flow, feeding will be invoked as a substitute. Now, Dr. Miller, there is my explanation of my heavy loss, "in print." Forestville, Minn. Successful Wiuteriug ou Very Deep Frames. BY THOS. THURLOW. On page 67, is published an article that I wrote about how I put up part of my bees for winter, by standing the Langstroth frame on end as an experiment, to see if I could not have them strong enough in the spring to get locust bloom, of which there is a great deal about here. The experi- ment has been a decided success. First, they are strong, and locust is not yet in bloom ; second, very few bees died in this very hard winter — so few, that the bees kept the bottom clean, and I never could find any to scrape out ; thirdly, they must have been very comfortable all winter, for they consumed the least honey that I have ever known a colony to get through with, the proof of which is that when I examined them about the middle of March, they had brood in the upper end of three and four frames, and the next cells to the brood was capped honey. I judged that the queen was, or would be, crowded, and took out a frame of nearly solid honey, and put an empty comb in the center of each hive. " Rather early to spread brood, even if it is right to do it at all," old bee-men would say ; but " circumstances alter cases." With a hive less than 10 inches square horizontally, and a good colony in the upper part of it, there is no danger from spreading brood. On May 3 fruit-bloom began, and on the 7th I looked at them again — about four days too late — every cell that had not brood in was packed full of honey ; two of them with capped drone-brood and queen-cells started. The next day they were taken out of winter quarters, and a full complement of frames given them in their natural position. Now about the other 5 wintered with frames in their nat- ural position: One "wont up" in the February blizzard, with honey within an inch of the cluster. The other four consumed nearly all their stores, and in consequence had diarrhea badly ; lost the best of their numbers through the winter, and had to be helped out with food taken from those wintered on the right plan. This trial settles in my mind the great controversy going on about the depth of frames. I extract my honey, and the Langstroth frame is deep enough to extract from, and uncap handily. Anybody that has two sets of frames, a deep one for the brood-nest, and a shallow one for surplus, will wish they hadn't before they are done. All my hives will have the frames on end next winter, with this change from this first trial : Instead of setting the top-bars all one way, they will be alternated, to try to keep the bees from going to the top and leaving honey below them. My expectation was, that they would keep below the honey the past winter, and only go up as they consumed it, but they didn't. They worked up along the bottom-bars where there was the least honey and the most room, and began to breed at the top. Here let me fasten a truth : Bees will (in this Northern clime) go to the top of the comb in winter, where it is the tvarm- est, even if they have to go Uirouah capped honey to get thcfre. This will answer the inquiries of several bee-keepers who, having read the article on page 67, wanted to know how the experiment turned out. Lancaster, Pa., May 14. Xliat I^'ew Song: — "Queenie Jeanette" — which is being sung everywhere, we can send you for 40 cents, postpaid, or club it with the American Bee Journal for one year — both for only SI. 10. Or, send us one new subscriber for a year (with -Jl.OO), and we will mail you a copy of the song free. 408 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 27, BEES AND STRAWBERRIES. A Short Symposium on the Question Whether Bees Work on Strawberry Blossoms. Tlie question whether bees work ou strawberry bloom has lately received considerable attention in the American Bee Journal. The testimony seems to be almost unanimously in tlie negative. Now I think it is time this tune was varied somewhat. For a number of years I have been engaged in both the bee and fruit business, and there has been not less than a hundred acres of strawberry fields within bee-range of my apiary each year. I have given close attention to the honey-sources of this locality, and I am sure the strawberry Is one of the Important honey-plants. It blooms just at the time to bridge the gap between the general crop of fruit-bloom and the raspberry and alfalfa. The bees not only work on this bloom eagerly, but they get enough nectar to keep breed- ing up to a vigorous rate. Go into the strawberry fields at any time when the bees are flying during the blooming season, and the hum of busy wings sounds like a swarm might be on the wing. There must be something the matter with the bees or the berry plants, or both, in the East. Brethren, you had better come out here where the strawberry gives both nectar and fruit in abundance, and the bees know a good thing when they see it. Bees are doing splendidly — just beginning on the alfalfa. Canon City, Colo., June 10. L. J. Tbmplin. I have been much interested in the controversy among Messrs. Secor, Abbott, Miller, and others, in regard to bees working on strawberry blossoms. I am a bee-keeper on a small scale, and working for a horticulturist of 30 years' ex- perience with this question — one who raises from 900 to l,-±00 bushels a year, or from 7 to 12 acres. James Burr is his name. He says that bees do work ou strawberries very strong some seasons : other years not at all. My bees, this spring, have just swarmed over the blossoms, and gathered both pollen and honey. They worked as strong as they would on apple-blossoms, even before fruit-blossoms, or more strictly speaking, apple-blossoms, fell. Two years ago they did the same. In some seasons they do not seem to notice them much. Mr. Secor is right in regard to the staminate plants bear- ing fruit. Frank P. Stowe. Monroe, Conn. I have read Mr. Secor's article about bees and strawber- ries. He may be right; I don't dispute him at all, as he is In Iowa and I in Utah, but my bees claim a right to ray straw- berry patch, and when I went to see them they drove me out. The prospect for honey this year is looking fair, and I hope it will turn out as it looks, as for several years the crop has been poor. The white clover is blossoming nicely, and the lucerne is beginning to bloom. I have noticed that some writers have written consider- able about sweet clover as hay, and also as a honey-plant. Bees seem to like it better than live stock in this country. Lucerne is the dryland hay. It is finer than sweet clover, and is a perennial. Sweet clover is strictly a biennial ; if you cut it for hay you will be obliged to cut it before it blooms, or it will be too hard and woody, hence it would do your bees no good, and be gone in two years. Lucerne doesn't treat you iji that way. You can cut it as often as you want to, and the root is still there. Wm. C. Ashbv. Wood's Cross, Utah, June 1. I have read with interest the discussion, not to say con- troversy, going on in the American Bee Journal, between Messrs. Emerson T. Abbott and Eugene Secor, in regard to bees working on strawberry bloom. Mr. Abbott takes the ground that bees do work on strawberries ; while Mr. Secor maintains that they do 7iof, and brings in considerable evi- dence (that is, negative evidence) to prove his position. Now both these gentilemen are too well known for any- body to suppose that they are discussing the question for any other purpose than to get at the real facts in the case. If I am not mistaken, Mr. Abbott has brought no positive evidence to prove that bees do work on strawberries, nor has Mr. Secor brought any positive evidence that they do not. True, Mr. Secor has the statements of several gentlemen who raise strawberries, and keep bees also, that they have never seen the bees working on the strawberries. Mr. Secor, I believe, is a lawyer, and knows the difference between positive and neg- ative evidence. If he were defending a man charged with crime, he certainly would not expect to clear him by bringing even a dozen men to swear that. they did not see him doit, when one man had sworn that he did see him do it. Well, now, I was much surprised to hear anybody say they had never seen bees working on strawberries. I have raised strawberries several years, and also kept bees ten or more years, and I have seen the bees on the strawberry bloom more or less every year. Some years they work on them but little — presumably because there is something else better ; but this year. In particular, the strawberries were one mass of bloom, and they were alive with bees. My strawberries are the Warfield, fertilized with Michael's Early, and I noticed that they visited the flowers of both varieties, which leads me to think they both sought and found honey as well as pollen. I have had no opportunity for seeing them on blackber- ries, but they work on raspberries — all varieties — the red rasp- berry producing a most delightful honey ; also op gooseberries and currants. . S. H. Hekkick. Rockford, 111. My experience with bees working on strawberries tallies with that of Hon. Eugene Secor. As he calls for facts instead of theory, I will give a fact which came under my observation. About six years ago I came to this city (Franklin, Pa.), at that time as foreman in the large market gardens and greenhouses of C. A. Rollo. It was shortly after the holidays when I entered his employ, and during a conversation with my employer a short time after this I told him he ought to keep a few colonies of bees for the benefit of his strawberries. I explained to him the great value of the bee to the blossoms, and the utter inability of fruit to set without their aid, laying particular stress on strawberries, and that, too, with the ut- most confidence that I was right. I saw I was making an im- pression, and kept the good work up by telling him I was able to handle bees. The outcome of it was that he took me with him one fine spring day to an apiary to select some good colo- nies of bees. We got five, and set them by the fence at one end of the strawberry patch. I never saw strawberries bloom more profusely, and al- though I was over the field every hour of the day, and my em- ployer was simply attention itself, I don't believe we saw two dozen bees at work on the blossoms all the time they were in bloom. When my employer called on me for an explanation I told him that I thought the atmospheric conditions were not right for secreting nectar to entice the bees to the blossoms, and that his strawberries would doubtless be a failure; but a greater yield of strawberries has never been my good fortune to see — large, fine, and delicious ! In the face of such evi- dence, I had to let ray pet theory go, and the overthrowal cost me no little, either. It was humiliating to have asserted facts prove groundless. While I never wished anybody hard luck, I believe It would have been some sort of a satisfaction to me, at the time, to have seen those strawberries prove a failure. I think that Mr. Secor, and some others who have taken exception to Emerson T. Abbott's statement about rows of staminate plants, have failed to take Mr. Abbott as he meant. It is a fact that all varieties of strawberries produce both staminate and pistilate plants, but never are both kinds of blossoms on the sarae plant; each plant must either be stamen or pistil : and the runner from the staminate plant will grow only stamen, and from the pistilate plant only pistil. And as the plants are generally selected and set out promiscuously, there are usually enough staminate plants scattered promis- cuously over the patch, but it is an easy matter when cutting the runners to keep this kind by themselves, and plant thera in rows by themselves, if so desired. Mr. Secor seems to question that there is any scarcity of strawberries that produce only one kind of plants. How about the Crescent, which produces only pistilate, and cannot be grown true to seed, out only from runners ? Can it be kept up ? and it is only a matter of a short time when it will have become so devitalized that it cannot be profitably grown. In- stead of the Crescent being a " freak," as many suppose, it is the result of the promulgator,cutting runners from the pistilate plants, and none from the staminate. I am here going to question the use of staminate plants for the production of strawberries. We know that bees sel- dom heed thera at all, and other insects are very scarce at this time of the year, and any one who has carefully examined a strawberry blossom, and the nature of the pollen, must have come to the conclusion that it was never made for a wind- fertilizer. I don't believe that more than one strawberry in a hundred is ever fertilized at all. If you wish to ascertain the extent of fertilization in strawberries, just select a number of nice, large, dead-ripe berries, plant them, and see how many will grow from the seed. You will find that 99 out of 100 will rot in the ground. Now to prove that these were not fertilized, just take a 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 409 camel's-hair brush and carry pollen from staminate plant to the pistilate, and plant the fruit from these plants, and you will find they will grow, and if fertilized from the stamen of the same variety as the pistil, they will bring forth plants that will grow fruit true to seed. But if from stamen different from the pistil, the seed will bring forth a plant that bears fruit that is a blending of the two varieties, or seedling, dif- ferent from either. A hen will lay eggs without being mated, but they will be sterile, and incapable of reproduction. A strawberry plaut will bear fruit without being fertilized, but it also is sterile, and cannot reproduce itself. Franklin, Pa. Ed. Jolley. Carjadiat;) Beedotrj^ Nom-de-plumes. Rev. Emerson T. Abbott is very much exercised that some writers for the American Bee Journal, Bee-Master among the rest, do not write over their own proper names. He says he pays very little attention to criticism when he does not know who is the author of it ; also that contributions would be of much more value if backed up by a personality with a real name ; and farther, that he feels no interest, or very little, in articles " fathered by a — nobody." There is no valid objection to anonymous writing unless the object is to hide the author of an attack on character, who is too cowardly to come out man-fashion with what he has to say of another. This is supposed to be a free country, but it isn't that exactly. Instead of being permitted to do as you like, and go as you please, people assume to instruct you and dictate to you. Some like to sit on their door-steps in the open street to be seen by all passers-by, while others prefer the seclusion of a shady bower or a summer-house. If one writer thinks the sledge-hammer of his name is needed to drive home what he has to say, and another prefers to have his articles appreciated according to their intrinsic merit, is there any good reason why both should not be accomodated ? It may be prudent in some cases for names to be withheld. It was so in the case of Junius. If his identity had been known, he would have had his head taken off. Mr. Abbott may think less of an article when he does not know the author's name. Others may think all the more of it. Truth does not need the backing of a name or names. One of the evils of this age is that people ask not " What is said?" but " Who says it?" Further, as it takes all sorts of people to make a world, so it takes all kinds of contributions to make a journal, especially a bee-journal. We have disciples of Mr. Doolittle, admirers of Mr. Heddou, worshippers of Mr. A. I. Root, and devotees to the views of Dr. Miller. We have others who know a good thing when they see it attached to other names, or without any name. Finally, a nom-de-plume appeals to the curiosity of many. This is a mighty principle in human nature. It is considered a special feature of woman's character, but some men have it just as strongly developed as the fair sex. I think Mr. Abbott has a liberal share of it, or he would not be so anxious to have names disclosed. I commend to him the grace of repression. It is good self-discipline. While he is cultivating it, he might chew the cud of the query. Why is it that the best journals in the world are impersonally edited ? That's a fact, and there must be a way of accounting for it. Popularizing Bce-Kuowlcclg^e. Attention has already been called in most of the bee- papers to Mr. Hutchinson's articles in the Cosmopolitan for May and June, but it has been in a very brief way. They are certainly deserving of much fuller mention, and, for one, I would like to see them copied into the American Bee Journal. Presenting, as they do, some phases of bee-keeping not to be found in the hand-books or apicultural periodicals, they are admirably fitted to dispel some of that popular ignorance on the subject which is so dense and wide-spread, that even the literary man who put the subheadings to Mr. Hutchinson's first article, knew no better than to say, " Being a complete ac- count of the honey-bee, his home, his migrations, his habits of life, his business methods, his storehouses, his food and com- munal life." Probably not one person in a thousand is aware that worker-bees, which constitute the chief population of a hive, are undeveloped females, or that the masculine insect is only a transient performer on the scene, appearing when the busy season is inaugurated, and vanishing when increase of population is not farther desirable until the advent of another year. I think bee-keepers as a class are inclined to be selfish monopolists. They are not anxious to let the general public into their secrets, lest they should become charmed with what Mr. Hutchinson calls "the pleasant occupation of tending bees." This idea is indeed openly advocated by some who would have the pursuit confined to specialists. There is a class of bee-keepers who look at the business only from a dol- lar-and-cent stand-point. They have no sympathy whatever with the poetry of bee-keeping, and cannot appreciate in the slightest degree such writing on the subject as the charming paragraph with which Mr. Hutchinson opens his first article in the Cosmopolitan. I am pretty well read in bee-literature, I think, but I do not know another passage in the works of any apicultural writer to match the one just referred to. Nor do I know any literary man capable of writing such a poetic eulogy on the bee and bee-keeping except Maarice Thompson, who, unfortunately, is as ignorant of the pursuit as the liie,r- ateur who wrote the introductory heading to Mr. Hutchinson's first article in the Cosmopolitan. In England there are many who pursue bee-keeping as a fascinating recreation or scientific pastime. They make no account of the value of the honey, or the question of profit and loss in connection with the business. They find endless pleasure in observing the ways of bees. There is soothing music in their hum, and constant interest in the study of what is going on inside the hive. What there is iu this to be dep- recated or frowned upon, I have never been able to see, nor can I understand why studying the habits of bees is not, at least, quite as rational a diversion as observing a game of base-ball, and shouting one's self hoarse over the changing tide of victory and defeat as it ebbs and flows during such a game. I am one of those who hope yet to see a class of ama- teur bee-keepers on the American continent, who will keep bees for the love of the thing, and not merely for the money they make out of it. When we get a pretty strong infusion of this class into the ranks of bee-keepers, the pursuit will be uplifted to a higher plane, a better apicultural literature will be demanded, there will be less of "Tom, Dick and Harry," "A. 1." and "Hutch," in the style of writing adopted, and per- haps even the Century will condescend to have some articles like those in the Cosmopolitan, illustrated in the highest style of art, and free from the amusing error as to the he-bees. We owe it to bee-keeping to follow in the track blazed out by Mr. Hutchinson so far, at any rate, as to popularize bee- knowledge to such an extent as to scatter some of the most flagrant errors that prevail in regard to bees and honey. The idea largely prevails among the general public that bees re- semble the devil in their prowling nature, and that as he goes about seeking whom he may devour, the bee goes about seek- ing whom she may sting ; whereas, there is no creature in na- ture more disposed to mind her own business and give others a good letting alone than the bee. There is also an almost universal tendency to strike at a bee when it is seen near by, and this ignorant, foolish act is the cause of most of the stings people get. Whether they take to " the pleasant occu- pation of tending bees" or not, the general public ought to be taught how to behave in the vicinage of bees, and such gen- eral lessons in regard to the nature and uses of honey as will enable them duly and discriminatingly to appreciate one of the most valuable products with which Nature has enriched us. Ten Weefes for Ten Cents.— This Is a "trial trip " offer to those who are not now subscribers to the Ameri- can Bee Journal. Undoubtedly there are thousands who would take this journal regularly if they only had a " good taste" of it, so as to know what a help it would be to them in their work with bees. In order that such bee-keepers may be able to get that "taste," the very low offer of " 10 weeks for 10 cents" is made. Now, dear reader, you cannot do a better service than to show this offer to your neighbor bee-keeping friends, and urge them to send on their 10 cents and get the next 10 numbers of the old American Bee Journal. In fact, you could afford to send the 10 cents for them, and then after the 10 weeks expire, get them as new subscribers for a year. They will be easy to secure then, for the 10 numbers will be a fair trial, and they will want the Bee Journal regularly if they are at all interested in bee-keeping. Remember, \Vs only 10 cents for 10 weeks, to all not now subscribers to the Bee Journal. This offer expires July 15 410 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 27, CONDUCTED BY JL>R. C. C. MILLER, Af AREA'GO, Itl-. tQuestlons may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct.] Taking Honey from the Brood-Chamber. If a " fellow " don't know, and won't ask, he will not find out much about bees. What I want to know is this : Should I take any honey from the bottom part of the hives? I use the dovetailed hives. I have no e.xtractor, but expect to have one another year., I have taken a good supply from the upper story. The bees are strong and doing well. How would it do to take the two out- side frames fram each hive and replace with starters ? Please inform me when and how to proceed. I have had two swaf-ms so far this season. I transferred one colony from an old box-hive to the dovetailed hive, which I don't think will swarm. R. F. C. Leavenworth, Ind., June 11. Answer. — Yes, you can find out a good deal by trj-ing ex- periments with bees, but it's often a very expensive way, and I'd a good deal rather you'd ask — if you don't ask anything too hard. I don't believe I'd take any honey out of the brood-cham- ber. Don't begrudge the bees their share, and I suspect they have it in just the best shape to suit their winter needs. You may think they're going to gather more, and can just as well spare some that's in the brood-chamber. Well, if they need any more room, give the room above, all they need, and as often as they need it. I'm glad yon haven't any extractor this year, for if you had I'm afraid you'd empty every drop of honey out of the brood-nest, and perhaps empty out a good share of the brood. Bees Smothered in Moving. I bought a colony of bees from a neighbor, which swarmed yesterday. This morning I went and hived them — a powerful bunch of them — and brought them home, and set them on a stand in my bee-yard, and went to the house for a hatchet to let them out with, but did not go back for an hour. When I opened them, to my surprise I found them drowned with honey, and nearly all dead. This is the third hive I have brought home in the same way, and the other two are doing nicely. What was the cause of this great calamity '? And how shall I get bees moved, and not stand the chance of losing them in this way ? There was no honey in the hive. E. 0. S. Rosebud, Tex. Answer. — I know just exactly how to sympathize with you, for I once lost a remarkably strong colony in the same way. The bees smothered for want of air. You say the bees drowned in honey, and afterward you say there was no honey in the hive. Perhaps some may not understand this. There was no honey in the hive in combs, but the bees had a good store of honey in their honey-sacs, and when they began to smother they " threw it up," and so appeared drowned in it. Knowing that the trouble was smothering for want of air, the remedy is plain. Don't shut them up so tight that they cannot get plenty of air, and if the whole top is coveretr with wire-cloth, it will do no harm. It will help matters to throw cold water on them. Plans for Getting Increase of Colonies. I have three colonies of bees in 10-frame dovetailed hives. One is an old colony transferred with its combs and brood from a box-hive about two weeks ago ; the other two are this year's swarms, hived respectively May I8th and June 1st. The old colony has not swarmed this season on account of its being transferred. From these three colonies I wish to increase to five, put- ting the increase also in the 10-frame dovetail. All are in pretty fair condition ; the swarm that was hived May 18 has done good work on nine of its frames. Several of its combs are capped over for a few inches below the top-bar. The old colony seems to have a good amount of brood, but not so much honey. I have thought of the following plan : Take the queen and a frame of brood with the bees adhering, from the old colony that was transferred, and put them in a new hive, re- placing the frame thus taken with a frame of foundation. Then take a frame of brood and bees from the best of my other two hives, and, say a frames of honey and about three frames of foundation. Then set the new hive in place of the old one, removing the old one to some distance (that is, the one from which the queen was taken), and so catch any bees returning from work. I do not altogether like this scheme. You will notice there are brood and bees from different hives in the new hive : 1. Will these bees stay together peacefully ? or will they return to their own hives? 2. Had I better brush the bees from the frame of brood that comes from the hive of the strange queen ? 3. Will the bees in the old hive from which the queen was taken return in too great numbers to the new hive which has been placed on their old location ? and which contains their old queen ? The hives are all exactly alike. 4. If the plan works well in other respects, how about the old colony which is deprived of a queen until they can rear one from their brood ? and it would be a long while before they could get new bees from their new queen, though of course the old brood would be hatching for 21 days. Suppose this plan worked all right for one swarm, but I want to get two. Please criticise this plan, and I would be very much obliged if you would detail a better. H. P. J. Ben Avon, Pa. Answers. — 1. The nurse-bees, or those under 16 days old, will probably all stay, but most of the field-bees will 're- turn within a day or two to their old home. 2. Perhaps you better not brush off the bees, as the young bees that you would brush off are just what are needed. 3. The only danger could be that so many bees would desert the old hive that the brood would be chilled. I think you will hardly find they will leave to such an extent as that. ■i. It would leave the old colony in such bad condition that the whole scheme is thereby rendered objectionable. To make your three colonies increase to five, it would be neces- sary to make another colony queenless for a long time, and to have two queenless for so long is objectionable. Here's a plan that would perhaps suit you better : Sup- pose your colonies are numbered 1, 2 and 8. Take from No. 1 a frame of brood with adhering bees and its queen, putting them in an empty hive No. 2, filling up the hive with empty combs or foundation. Set No. 4 in place of No. 2, setting No. 2 in a new place. No. 4 will receive all the flying force of No. 2, and in a day or two will be fairly strong. No. 2 having its full supply of brood and plenty of young bees to care for the brood, will soon be strong again. No. 1 being left queen- less will start queen-cells. In 8 or 10 days take half or more of the brood with adhering bees from No. 1, put them in a new hive. No. 5, and set No. 5 in a new place. These bees being without a queen will stay wherever they are put much better than bees having a queen. Be sure that a good sealed queen-cell is taken for No. 5, and also that one or more is left in No. 1. In 10 days or so after the young queens hatch, they ought to commence laying. Nos. 1 and 5 may be helped by frames of brood that No. 3 can spare. Swarming and Transferring. 1. This is my first experience with bees. I purchased one colony of blacks," but since taking the Bee Journal I think I made a mistake in not getting Italians instead. I have had my first experience in swarming. One came out June 5, and I hived them in a box, as my hives were delayed. They went back to the old hive, and on the 6th they came out again and went back as before. They did not come out again until the 8th, then I hived them, and they staid. The 9th there was another swarm from the old hive. Now I supposed it was eight days after the first swarm came out before the next one issues. Do they often come out in four or five days, as this one did ? Both are good-sized swarms. 2. Would you advise me to purchase Italian queens for each one of these swarms ? 3. I have both of my new swarms in boxes, as ray hives were delayed. How shall I proceed to transfer them ? W. Concord, Minn., June 10. F. J. C. Answers. — 1. A second swarm may be expected to issue about as soon as the young queen is mature enough to go with the swarm. This usually occurs about eight days after the prime swarm issues, but the time is by no means exact. It may be less, and it may be more. It is possible that in your 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 411 case the bees observed the orthodox eight days. For I sus- pect that the swarm you hived on the 8th had a young queen and not an old one. The old queen was likely defective in some way, and could not go with the swarm. The queen-cells were sealed perhaps about May 31, and that was the regular time for the issue of the prime swarm. Either the swarm did not issue at that time, owing to the inability of the queen, or may have issued unobserved and returned. Then June 8, the old queen having been put out of the way, the swarm issued with a young queen. 2. You can do so ; or if you don't care to pay so much, you can get one queen now and rear queens from her. 3. You will find instructions for transferring in any of the text-books, for which there is hardly room in this depart- ment. But I doubt the wisdom of being in too much of a hurry about transferring. Your bees have now a start in box-hives, and you might perhaps do well to leave them there till swarming next year, then put your swarms in frame hives. If the old hive is a box-hive, you may do well to transfer it about June 21, as by that time there will be very little brood in the way. On the other hand, there may be a good deal of honey in the way. m Rent for an Apiary — Other Questions. 1. What rent should I have for my apiary ? I run it for extracted honey, have the Langstroth-Simplicity hive, frames wired, and combs built. I have a large sized extractor, and everything complete. 2. I expect to add a second super and frames filled with foundation. What do you think about a narrow super, say 6 inches to start the bees off in the spring? I want swarms re- turned to the mother colony, except a few very early ones. Miramar, Calif., June 1. Amateuk. Answers. — 1. That's a- very hard question to answer. I don't know that there's any precedent for it, and the rent might be really worth ten times as much one year as another. In a year with a big honey crop a man might be able to afford $100 rent for an apiary of a certain size, while in a year of dead failure it would be a losing business for him if he paid a rent of 100 cents. So you see it's just as you can agree upon it. Possibly it might be a good way for you to have so many cents a pound for all honey harvested, or to have so many pounds of honey out of every hundred. 2. I don't believe bees would commence work any sooner in a super only 6 inches wide than they would in one large enough to cover the whole top of the hive. Possibly you mean the depth rather than the width of the hive, and 6 inches deep would perhaps be better than something deeper. Returning swarms will be all right if you keep it up, but remember that it may be necessary to return a number of times before all swarming will be given up. Several E^gs in a Cell — Swarming — Folding Sections. 1. On May 21, I introduced a young queen from the South, and on looking over the brood-frames June 7 I saw a cell with six eggs in it. Is it a common thing for queens to lay more than one egg in a cell '? 2. On May 24 I had a prime swarm from one of my colo- nies; on June 2 another swarm, and on June 3 another — all from the same hive. The last two were hived together. Was it likely that there was a queen with the last swarm, which swarmed one day after the second swarm came out ? 3. How can I fold one-piece sections by hand without ha»ing them break at the corners when dry ? S. A. R. Answers. — 1. No, it is not a common thing to find as many as six eggs in a cell when a laying queen is present. A good queen will not be likely to lay more than one egg in a cell unless badly crowded for room, or in case too few bees are present to cover much brood. Laying workers often lay a number of eggs in a cell, and in that case they usually use drone-cells or queen-cells. 2. You may be about certain there was a queen with that third swarm, and there would be nothing strange in the case if several queens were with the swarm. 3. If they're very dry I don't know of any way by hand or otherwise that you can fold them without breaking, but you are not obliged to keep them dry. You can wet the parts that are to be bent so they will work as well as new. The sections are packed in a package so that the V-grooves all correspond. The whole package of 500 sections can all be treated together, and made ready in five minutes. Take a teakettle not more.than one-third full of boiling water, pour as fine a stream as you can and have a steady stream. Let it go into the grooved places, following regularly along. Of course the sections must lie so that the water will run down through the whole pile. I've never had any trouble with sec- tions so treated. Some say they will be all right if kept in a damp cellar for a few days. I've never had any success in that way, but I have no very damp cellar. Wants His B^es to Swarm. Bees are not doing well at this date (June 3). It is very wet here. I have been using box-hives for 20 years. I have now bought a lot of frame hives, and I wish to get the bees into them this season. They are lying out very much in the old hives, and don't swarm. Would it be advisable to "drive," or wait for natural swarming ? N. P. W. Banister, Wis. Answer. — If bees are doing so little that they don't care to swarm, it may not be the best time to do any driving. I'll tell you what you can do to make swarms come faster when only part of them are willing to swarm. Suppose No. 1 is the first one to swarm. Hive its swarm on the old stand, and put No. 1 in place of another colony, perhaps No. 2, putting No. 2 on a new stand. Of course No. 2 was a strong colony, and a heavy part of its force will join No. 1. In a week or ten days more No. 1 will swarm again, the swarm being put on the stand No. 1 now occupies; No. 1 being this time put in place of No. 3, the latter being put in a new place. A day or so later No. 1 may swarm again, and as often as it does it must be put in the place of a colony that has not swarmed. Each colony that swarms may be treated in the same way as No. 1, and you probably will have swarms enough. Fears Foul Brood from Chilled Brood. Whilst examining one of my colonies of bees yesterday (after a rainy spell of about two weeks), I found that not only were the bees on the verge of starvation, but a very large per- centage of brood, in all stages, had actually become chilled beyond recovery. I immediately fed the bees some honey, re- moved the dead bees, which had accumulated on the bottom- board, removed the empty combs, and inserted a division- board so as to make everything snug and clean. Now I know that this colony will not do me very much good in the way of surplus honey, but I wish to see how good a colony I can make of it by fall for the sake of experiment — if for nothing else. But I am in doubt as to one thing. Is there any danger of this chilled brood finally causing "foul brood?" or will the bees remove it all themselves, now that the weather is favorable and honey coming in ? 1 am dread- fully afraid of " foul brood," and wish to stamp it out before it actually exists. Please excuse lead-pencil, for I see that you do not find carelessly written questions easier to answer than those pen- ned with care ; but perhaps you'll overlook it for once. Maher, Colo. F. A. D. Answer. — I think it's a good thing to feel "dreadfully afraid of foul brood," and I wouldn't like to say anything to make you less vigilant, so I will say that there are those who think that foul brood may originate with dead brood. 1 am bound, however, to add that 1 have never known anything of the kind in my own experience of 34 years, and during that time 1 have often had dead brood in hives and out of them. So if your bees do as mine have done, they'll clean out that dead brood all right. If the colony is weak, however, it may be somewhat discouraging for them to have too much house- cleaning to do, and you might give some of the combs to stronger colonies. Don't worry about the lead-pencil. If all writing were as neat and plain as yours, I shouldn't care if it was written with the end of a burnt stick. Houeyras Food aiid Medioine. — A new and revised edition of this 32-page pamphlet is now issued. It has 5 blank pages on which to write or paste recipes taken from other sources. It is just what its name indicates, and should be liberally dis- tributed among the people everywhere to create a demand for honey. It contains a number of recipes on the use of honey as food and as medicine, besides much other interesting and valuable information. Prices, postpaid, are: Single copy, 5 cts. ; 10 copies 35cts. ; 50 for .*1..50; lOU for .*'3.50. Better give them a trial. Send all orders to^the Bee Journal office. 412 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 27, ^■^T^e ^ OLDEST BEE-PAPE„„^„^„I^^^^^^ C.'eorge VI'. Vorfc, - - Editor. PUBLISHED WEKKLY BV GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, Se Flttb Avenue; . CHICAGO, II.I^. §1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. [Entered at the Post-Offlce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter.] VoinXV. CHICAGO, ILL.. JUNE 2], 1895. No, 26. Editorial Budgets Prof. A. J. Cook, I notice by the June number of the Rural Caiifornian, is now the editor of " Insects and the Apiary "—a department in that excellent monthly farm jour- nal. It is a splendid selection, and should help to make the "Caiifornian " stronger than ever. Xlie Illustrated Home Journal, published by Mr. Thomas G. Newman, is to be consolidated, July 1, with the Philosophical Journal — a 16-page weekly periodical now owned and published by Mr. Newman. The monthly Home Journal was in its 10th year. No doubt the majority of its readers will be pleased to receive a weekly hereafter. The Only Excuse that is offered for the appear- ance of " Hans Schnitzel and the Giant Bees," on the first page of the Bee Journal, is that A little nonsense now and then. Is relished bj- 'most all bee-men— and quite likely the bee-women, too. No extra charge, at any rate. Mr. S. I. Redfleld, editor and proprietor of The Ros- well Register, Roswell, New Mex., made the Bee Journal of- fice a pleasant call last week. He kindly left samples of comb and extracted honey on my desk, from the apiary of Mr. R. Burt Slease, of Roswell. That region is destined to become a great honey and fruit country in the near future. It is being developed rapidly, and settlers are moving in. Mr. Redfield reports it a fine climate for consumptives, having gone there himself to regain his health. His rugged appearance is a good advertisement for the climate in his location. Those Who Send Questions to be answered by Dr. Miller in the department of " Questions and Answers," must not expect replies by return mail, nor in every case can they be answered in the Bee Journal within a week. Each questioner must also remember that there are others besides himself who ask questions, and it is often quite impossible to get all of them answered in one number of the Bee Journal. So if your question is not answered as promptly as you think it should be, you will now know the reason for the delay. It is desired that all who wish should feel free to patronize the department of "Questions and Answers," and then remember that the publishers will print the answers as promptly as possible. A T-wo Days' Visit at Dr. Miller's was greatly en- joyed by Mrs. York and myself week before last — Thursday and Friday, June 13 and 14. A part of each day was spent in the Doctor's home apiary. He has two out-apiaries also— about 140 colonies in the three yards. Owing to the severe drouth the bees had not done much, but a glorious rain June 11 so changed the face of nature, and inspired the bees to such an extent that on June 14 they worked very thick on the white clover, which was blooming profusely. The afternoon of June 13, we took a delightful 12-mile carriage ride over the rich farming country surrounding the beautiful city of Marengo. The farmers were busy cultivat- ing the extensive fields of corn which looked well. We re- turned to Chicago Friday afternoon, arriving here at 5:50 o'clock. The next day there was just three days' work to be done, in order that the following week's Bee Journal should not be late. If I were sure Dr. Miller and his good wife, and Miss Wilson, wouldn't hear it, I'd say that Mrs. York and I didn't want to come back to Chicago at all. But as we hadn't arranged to spend the summer there, of course we had to re- turn. But we had a good time — and just as "sweet" as it was "short." Agfainst Honey-Adulteration.— On page 849, I reported that a law had been passed by the California legis- lature making it a crime to adulterate honey in that State. As there seemed to be a little uncertainty about the matter, I called for further information, which has come to hand in the following clipping from the Ontario, Calif., Record, kindly sent by Mr. W. A. Pryal, of North Temescal, Calif.; There has scarcely ever been a more propitious outlook for the bee-business in Southern California. All over the valley, mesa and mountain, great canes of sage are bursting into bloom, some of which have reached the remarkable height of 15 feet, and are as large and verdant as asparagus shoots. Besides, the bee-men are to be protected from the bogus honey-makers, as the dairymen are from the manufacturers of oleomargarine. The bill has been duly approved by the Governor, making it a severe penalty to sell anything for honey that is not the pure, unadulterated product of the hive. Altogether the prospects for prosperity in this great industry are good, and the outlook will, in a measure, neutralize the disaster of last season. Now let us hope that needed law will be rigidly enforced, so that the producers of the genuine article may have the pro- tection they are entitled to. The " Trial Trip " Offer of the Bee Journal to those not subscribers — lU weeks for 10 cents — will be with- drawn July 15. This is positive. It is hoped that all who have taken advantage of our liberal " short term " offer will so appreciate the Bee Journal as to subscribe for a year at the expiration of their 10 weeks. Remember, the time for send- ing in names on the 10-weeks-for-lO-ceuts offer, expires July 15. I trust those who subscribe for a " trial trip" for their friends, will be able to secure them as regular subscribers, and thus earn some of the premiums offered in the Bee Journal for such work. *-.-*^ Hon. J. M. Hanibaugh — a favorite apiarian son of Illinois — it is reported, will remove to Southern California this month. I hope it isn't true, for the cause of Illinois apicul- ture cannot spare him. We need more like him. But if he persists in going to the "Sundovvn Land," a host of good wishes will go with him, and no doubt a royal welcome awaits him " beyond the Rockies." Dr. Miller will do "Gleaner's " work hereafter for the department " Among the Bee-Papers." It is understood that there is to be nary a "straw " about it, but all the best grain that can be gleaned in our neighbors" fields. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 413 ^n)or)^ tljG Bee-Papers Gleaned 1}\- lir. jyiillor. BEES IN SNOW. I tried an experiment with seven colonies of bees. On January 3() I went to my Zorra apiary. The snow was deep ; I dug a hole about 2x1 foot at the entrance of these the entire depth of the snow, put a board on top of the snow, thus en- closing the hole. Of these, one queenless was dead, the other six wintered well. Three of them in winter-cases were so strong they were hanging out the other day ■when ice froze three-eighths of an inch thick. — J. B. Hall, in Canadian Bee Journal. FOUL-BKOOD LAW IN WISCONSIN. N. E. France has been making a strong effort to have some legislation in Wisconsin that would do something toward protecting bee-keepers against foul-brood. In conjunction with others he framed a bill much like the Canada foul-brood law. This was referred by the legislature to the Committee on Agriculture. Mr. France says in Gleanings : " Said Committee reported the bill was worthy of consider- ation ; but as it provided for an appropriation to defray ex- penses of a State Inspector, they would recommend the bill for indefinite postponement. As soon as this report reached me, I learned by several assemblymen, that, if the bee-keepers would write them, urging the passage of the bill, it would have quite an effect. I wrote 65 postal-card requests to bee- men, asking them to plead for their interests. Had they all responded with the earnestness of F. Wilcox, H. Lathrop, and F. Murray, Wisconsin would have had a foul-brood law. "I set a date for them to reply. The same date t again appeared before another State claim committee, with only a small handful of letters for support. As a last resort I pre- sented this committee a bill the same as before, except that no State money was asked, but a two-cent-per-colouy tax on all colonies of bees, to defray expenses, was added. As this made the bill self-supporting, they voted to recommend its passage. Kext day it was presented to the Senate, and returned for in- definite postponement. "Now, Wisconsin brothers in bee-culture, I have been at .S25.00 personal expense, and wish to say that, if you had done your part, we should have had a law for our defense. Am I going to give it up? Not until we have a State foul- brood law. I know the ground we have to go over, and will for the next two years try to get our bee-keepers interested. If at first you don't succeed, try, try again." WOOD-BASE FOUNDATION. Mention is made in Gleanings of foundation made with a base of wood 1/48 of an inch thick. The editor is not very enthusiastic about it, and no mention is made of any cordial approval by the bees. THE STRENGTH OP BEES. A French naturalist, Mr. Plateau, has tested various in- sects to ascertain their strength, and finds that the smallest ones are very often the strongest. According to his experi- ments, a bee can drag off 30 times as much as a horse can, according to its size. One bee dragged easily 20 others, and showed a power proportionate to a locomotive. What as- tounding muscular power the bees must have, we think, when we remember that the weight of a whole swarm hangs from a limb, when but comparatively few bees touch the limb itself. — K. R. Mathey, in Gleanings. TALL HIVES FOR WINTERING AND BREEDING. Bees are but one branch of my business, yet 25 years ago I started iu to put a " point " on them. That point was to ivuiter them and have them come out in the spring in as good condition as my cows. I saw that if they could be wintered successfully, the rest would all follow sure. No matter what kind of hives they had, it was the point to winter them. I have succeeded surely. But when I say that with all the hives tried, the scores of experiments, and much money paid out, I have as my true and "pointed" friend, the old box- hive, I hear you say, "Pudge ; fogy; fool !" But don't judge too quickly, nor call me cranky, for surely my experience proves that I am not. Now suppose you had an acre, or say even 200 tall hives of bees, 28 inches high, just for breeders. They would live sure, with all that white honey In them, that is the point — they would live, and out-doors, too. You would bore two holes, in or on top the hives, and put a loose box over them. This must be done sure, leave the entrance open as in summer. Mine don't rob, they are all so powerful. I say, if you had them you would not need to look at them during the whole year, only to catch their swarms and put them in small hives, say 7 or 8 inches high, and worked for comb honey for all there was in them until fall, and then take them up, or have an auction and sell them, or do what you please with them. I say you would not call me cranky when you saw your thousands of pounds of — oh, such wliite honey, for you put the swarms from your breeders into empty hives to work them each year, and how can your honey be travel-stained ? It can't, it is beauty itself. Managed in this way the thing goes right on each year, same as your dairy, and with not much more loss of colonies than cows. — Jno. F. Gates, iu American Bee-Keeper. NEW vs. OLD STrLE MILLER FEEDER. When the Miller feeder was improved upon, Dr. Miller was very much pleased with the improvement, and we made 25 of the new kind, intending to discard the old ones. But after a thorough trial we liked the old ones a good deal bet- ter. In the first place, if there's any leakage it is inside the hive, and that is quite a point. It is more convenient to have one large compartment rather than two smaller ones. The one point that we thought would be of so much value, and prove so much superior to the old one, that of the passageway directly over the brood-nest instead of at the sides, in actual practice has not proven to be so. Just why, I cannot tell. It really seems as if it ought to be ; but our old feeders are the ones that are emptied first, and, as a consequence, the new feeders are the ones we use last. — Emma Wilson, in Gleanings. Soui1r)crr) Departn;)et;)t^ CONDUCTED BY DR. J. P. II. BROWX, AUGUST^l, GA. [Please send all questions relating to bee-keeping In the South direct to Dr. Brown, and he will answer in this department.— ED.] The Tc.vas State Coureiition. We are expecting a big meeting at our next Texas State Bee-Keepers' Convention, as there are some nice premiums offered for the best exhibits. Don't forget the time— -Aug. 21 and 22, 1895. W. H. White, Sec. Deport, Tex. -^ — ■ ^ Bee-Keeping in Louisiana. My attention was called to the bee and its industrial pro- duct about four years ago, on a visit to a colored friend resid- ing five miles southeast of this city. This man had the mis- fortune to have had his legs affected with ulceration, so much as to cause amputation of one just below the knee, while the other leg remained, and is at present, in an ulcerated condi- tion. Possessing intellectual attainments, and a dependence not prone to his race, he sought a vocation which he could ply in his crippled condition, and a kind Providence led him to an apiary. The physician whom he consulted regarding the purchase of an artificial leg — (Dr. Marshall, with whom a cor- respondent of the Bee Journal, Mr. M. M. Baldridge, was well acquainted), was engaged in this industry. On my visit he invited me to go through (as he expressed it) his bee-farm, comprising about 25 hives, about one-half being what is com- monly termed box-hives, the kind our forefathers used, and the balance in the Gallup frames of all dimensions — in fact, he used boxes for hives obtainable from the nearest grocery, and made frames accordingly. I became much interested at the intelligence and industry displayed by the busy little bee, and began a study of the same, which caused the purchase of the "ABC of Bee-Culture," " Langstroth on the Honey- Bee," and kindred books, and subscribing to the invaluable American Bee Journal. As a result, we have now nearly 300 colonies, all in 8-Hoffman-frame dovetail hives. I enclose a letter received from my associate, in com- pliance with my requestiug him to furnish me some news. If you deem this and his letter worthy of publication, you have my permission to publish the same. E. R. Bernstein. Shreveport, La., May 15. The letter referred to by Mr. Bernstein reads as follows : Mr. E. R. Bernstein : — In compliance with your request I herewith hand you the following data : 414 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 27, I prepared 200 colonies for winter quarters, and this spring, on examining the same, I found my loss was 10. I winter bees on the summer stands, no feeding back being re- quired. I leave about 30 pounds of honey to each colony, and none of the loss was occasioned by starvation ; the main cause of the loss can no doubt be attributed to a very severe and rigid winter that prevailed in this locality, it being the coldest ever known here. In my tour of inspection I foutid three queenless colonies, one of these showing indications of laying workers. I inserted a frame having six queen-cells, and two frames with larva; in all stages, and in about two weeks the laying workers had dis- appeared and this colony had a queen, and was in a prosper- ous condition. I introduced a queen in each of the other two colonies, and they are also prospering. To date, I have had 75 swarms from my spring count, and they are in fine condition. My first swarm came out this year April 10 ; last season the first to issue was March 15. In my experience I have never seen any foul brood in this locality. Bees are sometimes troubled in the spring with dysentery, but I have not noticed any extent of the same this season. I have had as many as five swarms to cluster on one limb at the same time, and desiring to produce more honey, I made four colonies out of the five. I divided by placing a portion of the bees in a hive, and placed this hive about oO yards from the cluster, in order that the remaining bees would not be attracted by the noise of this hive. In the same manner I placed a second and third hive about 50 yards apart; and this distance from the cluster. The fourth hive I let remain near the clustering place. I placed more bees in the hives situated at a distance from the place of the cluster than the one near the clustering place, because a portion of the former would naturally find their way to the place of the cluster. I always insert in my swarms one or two frames of brood in all stages, and not one of them ever missed their queen. I had an old box-hive, and cut out of it four or five pieces of dark-looking comb, enough to fill out three Hoffman frames ; I then placed one of these frames in one of the previously mentioned four hives at 3 o'clock p.m., and at 6 o'clock the same evening I looked to see if the bees had waxed it fast to the frame, and to my surprise I found they stored four pounds of nectar in that frame. As far as the crop of this year is concerned, all indica- tions point to an abundant yield, and the quality even better than the last crop. The Dees seem to work with greater activity and renewed energy, after their winter confinement. Fairfield, La., May 9. Alex. Weight. ^ I m Lamar Co., Tc.\., Bce-Keepcri^' Association. Thirty people from Lamar and Red River counties, Tex., met recently at Lone Oak, Lamar county, for the purpose of organizing a bee-keepers' convention. The meeting was called to order, and officers elected as follows: President, J. C. Mc- Connell ; Secretary, W. H. White. It was decided to call the new society the Lamar County Bee-Keepers' Association. Various questions were considered as follows : TRANSPERKING — STARTING IN BEE-KEEPING. The best methods of transferring were discussed at con- siderable length, and two colonies in box-hives were trans- ferred, which gave some valuable ideas. How many colonies should a beginner commence with ? G. A. Gilliam — As many as he has money to buy. J. R. Hutchinson — He would better go slow till he gets a little experience. Buy a few, and learn to handle them be- fore investing too much. W. H. White — Two or three, and get a good book and learn their habits, and how to handle them before investing much. J. G. Barnett— It doesn't make any difference, for it won't be long till he will just have a few. RACES OF BEES — PLANTING FOR HONET. In what do the Italians excel the black bees? R. G. Seay delivered an address on the superior traits of Italians, in which he did the subject justice. Which is the better, the 3 or 5 banded bees ? After a short discussion the subject was dropped without any decision. Shall we resort to the planting for bee-pasturange ? If so, what shall we plant? It was thought best to insist on farmers planting the clovers best adapted to pasture, hay and honey-yielding. A stalk of sweet clover was exhibited. From the experiences given it was thought a good honey-producer in tnis country. Each member who had bees was advised to plant what he could, and by so doing we could secure a good pasturage all through the season, with but little expense to any. FARMERS AND BEE-KEEPING. Should farmers keep bees in the improved plan ? R. G. Seay thought not, that it belonged to specialists, and would be too much trouble. Dr. D. D. Craddock thought the boxhive plan best for farmers generally. W. H. White— If they keep bees at all, keep them on the improved plan, as they are the greatest class of specialsts we have. They should keep bees by the improved methods, as they raise their poultry, grain, cotton, and other products of the farm. Each being a special product, each should be kept and worked by the latest and best plans, for if the improved is best for one it is best for all. Shall we continue our meetings? was asked. It was agreed that we should. As it was getting late, the election of officers was deferred until the next meeting, which will be held the third Saturday and Saturday evening in July, at Lone Oak, 3 miles south of Deport, in Lamar county. All bee-keepers are invited to come. No hotel bills. Deport, Tex. W. H. White, Sec. CONDUCTED BY Rev-. Emerson T. J\.bbott, St. iZosepJi, JVTo. Do PJot Fuss With the Bees.—" Do not keep pulling the hive to pieces to see now much brood there is, or do worse, spread the brood to induce the queen to lay.'' — Canadian Bee Journal. This advice is given for the benefit of beginners, and they will do well to give heed to it. I know the temptation is very strong to open the hives and see how things are coming on, but in nine cases out of ten this will be done at a loss. If one feels that he must see what is going on from day to day, he would better select a colony for experimental purposes, and let the rest severely alone, aside from the attention they need in order to know when to put on the surplus arrangements, or when to expect a swarm. If one will make it a point to study the bees carefully he will soon learn how to judge of the con- dition of the colony from what he can see at the entrance. Of course there are times when it Incomes necessary to open the hive and remove most, if not all, of the frames. A beginner will find the middle of the day the best time to do this work, and he should make it a point to work as rapidly as he can, so as to disturb the bees as little as possible, and at the same time guard against robbing. Those who are always fussing with their bees are apt to have a good many practical demon- strations of what robbing means. As for spreading brood, this may work all right in the hands of an export, but the beginner would better let the queen do the spreading. Place to Keep Honey. — "When honey is removed from the hive, never place it down cellar ; that is the worst thing you could do, because there is always more or less moist- ure in a cellar." — W. H. Putnam. At first thought one might be inclined to think this a use- less statement, as it has been repeated in various forms a great many times, but it is far from useless. In fact, I know it to be very important, for there is not a season passes but someone says to me he cannot see what hurt it will do to put honey in the cellar. The truth of the matter is that there are a great many who have not learned that it is just as important to take proper care of the honey, and put it on the market in first-class condition, as it is to use the best and most econom- ical moans of securing it. One of the essentials of proper care is keeping the honey in a very dry and warm place ; especially is this true of comb honey, or extracted honey in open cans. Honey taints very easily, and for this reason I prefer that as little smoke as possible be used when extracting. I remember getting extracted honey once of a first-class producer that had been so tainted with tobacco smoke that I could not eat it. I have no taste, or use, for that matter, for tobacco in any form, and I surely prefer not to have it mixed with my honey. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 415 -SPOT CASH- IHigli-GradeHoiiey Send Sniiip/c >-jii:6.'i7 Inches, 1-the whole weighing but 5 ounces. It can be worn over an ordinary hat; fits any head; does not o bstruct tlie vision, and can be worn In bed without discomfort. It Is a boon to any one whoir flies bother, mosqultos bite, or bees sting. ^^ This Veil we club with the Bee Journal for one year— both for $1.75; or give free as a Premium for sending us 3 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at SI. 00 each. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., - CHICAGO, ILLS. THROAT AND LUNG DISEASES, DR. PEIRO, Specialist Offices: 1019, loo State St., CHICAQO. Hours 9 to 4. BEES & QUEENS Keady in May. Queens. $1.00. Bees by the Pound, $1.00. Two-frame Nuclei, with Queen $2 50. One-frame. .$2.00. Also. Barred P. K. Eggs, for setting. $1.00 per 1.5. Mrs. A. A. SIMPSON, Box 48, Swarts, Fa. 15A13t Please mention the Bee Journal. Woodcliff Queens. I will send a Guaranteed 5-Banded Yellow Queen, bred from a Breeder selected from 1000 Queens (some producing over 400 lbs. of honey to the colony); or a :i-Banded Italian Leather-Colored Queen direct from a Breeder imported from Italy. Oct. '9-i— at 75c., and a special low price for a quantity. My secret is to sell an extra-lar^e amount. which enables me to sell at low prices. Will run this spring- 350 Nuclei— have 1 home and 4 out apiaries. No Queens superior to my Strain. J^^ Send for Descriptive Catalogue and Testimonials, to Wm. a. Selser, Wyncote. Pa. COMB FOUNDATION. Made by Improved Machinery. Get Samples. Here are prices by the pound— just compare. 1 lb. 5 lbs. 10 lbs. 23 lbs. Heavy or (,op ioe ■^qc SRf Medium Brood f*-"- *""• ■^"'=- '"'<=■ Light •• -1-1 42 41 40 Thin Surplus 50 47 46 45 Extra-Thin Sur. 55 53 51 50 y^^ If wanted at those prices, send to W.J. FiHch,Jr.,Spri«gfield, 111 When Answering this Advertisement, mentio-* this journal^ loilO MONEY 1 'U'^l.rs'/^>r^h%'. ITALIAN QUEENS Foundatluii at Wholesale Prices. Hives, suited for the South, or SUPPI.1ES, send lor Price-List— to 1 ATjg-XJS'T.A., lOAlSt Mention the American Bee Journal. J. P. II. Qct^eral Mcn)s. Illinois State Members' Reports. On account of being so busy I have de- layed the reports that have come in from the members of the State Association. The outlook is so poor that not many have sent in their reports, and those who have, speak as follows; C. Becker, of Pleasant Plains, Ills., an- swers the questions thus: 1. How many colonies ? — 40. 2. What are the prospects for a honey crop ? — Poor at present. 3. How much honey gathered to date ! — None. 4. Is the honey gathered to date No. 1 or not; M. Bevier, of Bradford — 1. 37 old and one new. 2. 5. 3. None. 5. N. Black, Clayton— 1. 10 colonies, and they are weak. 2. Poor— no white clover. 3. None, and there will be no crop. Peter Blunier, of Roanoke — 1 . 42, and 6 swarms. 2. Bees are in very good condi- tion, but weather too dry. 3. No surplus, but plenty in brood-nest. 4. I tjiink it is good, as it is all fruit-bloom. G. W. Cole, of Canton— 1. 10. 2. Poor. 3. None. A. N. Draper, of Upper Alton— 1. ISO. 2. Fair. 3. Big crop. 4. Fruit-bloom. P. J. England, of Fancy Prairie — 1. 15. 2. Poor. 3. None. 4. The freeze damaged my berry crop several hundred dollars. Dr. C. C. Miller, of Marengo— 1. About 140. 2. Good as far as can be told. 8. None. Jas. Poindester, of Bloomington — 1. 150. 3. Though not good, some better than last year. 3. No surplus. Daniel E. Bobbins, of Payson— 1. 30. 3. Not very good. 3. 15 pounds of fruit-bloom honey. 4. Very good. Geo. F. Bobbins, of Mechanicsburg— 1. 30— several quite weak. 2. Fair. 3. Zero. J. Q. Smith, President of the State Asso- ciation, Lincoln — 1. 47. Hived first swarm May 33. 3. Very poor. 3. Cannot say; will extract some fruit-bloom honey. 4. No. 1, very choice. (Mr. Smith sent me a sample of fruit-bloom honey, which I think is very fine. — Secretary.) Walter M. Van Meter, of Era, Tex.— 1. 7. 3. Very good. 3. No honey (May 25). P. C. Vibert, Hockanum, Conn.— 1. 3. 2. Poor season, cold weather, hard frost, very dry. 3. None. Jas. A. Stone, of Bradfordton — 1. About 65. 3. Bees did well on fruit-bloom until the freeze put an end to all blooms. Our prospect for white clover was good until the dry weather has nearly ended it. 3. None since fruit-bloom, which all went for brood-rearing, and though no swarms have come out, they are very strong. (Gleanings please Copy.) Jas. A. Stone, Sec. Bradfordton, 111., June 17. The Season So Far in Minnesota. I put into winter quarters 225 colonies the forepart of Nov., 1894, and put them on the summer stands March 29, 1S95, all alive. One swarmed out the same day, and 3S of them did the same thing within two weeks COMB FOUNDATION. Wholesale and Retail. Quality always the best. Price always lowest. Workiiis VTax luto Foiiudation by the lb. a Specialty. I can make it an object for you in anv quantity, but offer special Induce- ments on straight 25 or 50 lb. lots. Or for making lar^e lot of Wax into Foundation. I am furnishingr large Dealers, and can also please you. Beeswax takeu at all times. Write tor Samples and Prices, to GlIS DITTIMER, AUGUSTA, WIS. Reference— Augusta Bank. lOAtf WHEN ANSWEflmG THIS ADVEHTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOUHNM.. TAKE NOTICE! BEFORE placing your orders for SUP- PLIES, write for prices on 1-Piece Bass wood Sections, Bee-Hives, Shipping -Crates Frames, Foundation, Smokers, etc. PAGE & LYON MKG. CO. NEW LONDON, WIS. Mention the American Bee Joii/mal, Control Your Swarms, Reqiieen/Etc. Send 25e for sam- ples of West's Patent Spiral Wire Queen- Cell Protectors, and • Patent Spiral Queen Hatching and Intro- ducing Cage: & best Bee-Escape, with cir- cular explaining. 12 Cell-protectors, 60e. ; 100, *:J. 12 cages. $1: 100. J.), by mail. Cir- cular tree. Address. N. D. WEST, Ifliddle- biirsrli. Solioliarie Co , N. V. Sold also by all leading supply-dealers. 22A5 ilentlon Vie American Bee Journal. Golden Italian Queens. One Untested Queen before June 1st il.OO Six '■ • •■ ■■ ... 5.0O One '* ■' after *' 75 Six '■ " '• " ---. 4.20 One Tested " before " 1.50 Six " " " " 7.50 One '■ ■• after •• .... 1.00 Six '■ ■• " '■.... 5.0O One Selected Tested for breeding, $3,00. Price-Iiist Free. W. H. WHITE, 32A5t DEPORT, Lamar Co., TEX. Mention the American lice journal- PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATIOS Has INo Sag iu Brood-Franies Thin Flat-i;ottoiu FoiiiidatioD Has So Fisbbone in the Surplns Honfy. BelDR the cleanest is usually worked the quickest of any Foundation made J. VAN DEUSEN Sc SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Sprout Brook MontKomery Co., N. Y. lUDDDTCn Italian Queens reared this yr., IIVlrUnlLU $3..t0 each. Tested Queens- Breeders- Jl. 50 to $2.00 each. 21A \V. C. Frazler. Atlantic, Iowa. WHEN ANSWERING THIS ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION TWIS JOURNAU Q Either 3 or 5 Band- _ _ ^ ^_ __ ^ ed, 75c. each; 6 tor I I U O i1 O ^■'•■-S- "^ive me a I I r. rS I I ^ trial. T can please LI U U I I ^ you. Catalog free. Clias. H. rules, 24Atf Steeleville, Randolph Co,, III,, Mention the American Bee Jownal SMOKERS : Riim Send tor Circulars and Prices, to 23Atl F. BINGHAM, ABRONIA, MICH. Please mention the Bee Journal. Ni;OI.EliS Colonies, Italian Queens, Bee- Supplles, G. M.Whilford. Arlington. Neb 24A4t J^cnlion the American Bee JoumoL 416 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 27, GOLDEN QUEENS From Texas. My Kees are bred For ltiiNiiie»K, as well as for Ifeniity atid OeiitlcueMK. ^'" Safe arrival and reasonable satisfac- tion g-uaranteed. Write for Price-List. J. D. GIVENS, "^.:^?^'TEx. 10A26 Mention the American Bee Journal. ^ BEST GOODS ^i At lowest prices are what we are all after. The Quality of Cary's Goods has never been questioned. His XX White Thin Foundation and Polished 1-Piece SeciloDS are the Finest on the marliet. His BEES and QUEENS are from tbe best strains, and reared and shipped la the way that long years of experi- ence have shown to be tbe best. He has the largest Stock of BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES in NewEnfrland; and as to Prices, you have only to send for a Catalog and compare them with those of other dealers. {39^ To those living' in the East, there is the st'M fiirtherconsideratiou of low freight rates Addresss, U. W. CARY, COLRAIIV, MASS. *-i''Ad Mention .liriirlrari \\n Journal wlieii writing. [f vj*- >j«: >p: ■>{«• ■>$<■ >;?- yp: Tp: >j<: >!<■ >p: >j«: >! UNTESTED Italian Queens. Reared from a Queen valued at . J.tO. Can't be excelled as honey-A gatherers; 75 cents each. Address^ ^ ^ \V. J. FOREH.VND, ^ >f 23A.5 Fort Deposit. Ala. v »" «te. it4 >ti >!i >>!4 >!< >li .>Ji >li >li >li >li '< Mention tlie American Bee Jownai, ITALIAN QUEENS Untested, July to Oct., 75c. eacli— 3 for $2.00. Tested Queens, *1.00 each. By return mail. Satisfaction Guaranteed Send for Free Illustrated Circular to THEODORE BENDER, 22Ao 18 Fulton St., CANTON, OHIO Mention th.e Amcnoan Bee Journal. The American. s^; HIV E RAW Latest and Best. Perfectly adapted to Modern Bee Culture. Illustaatad Oircolir Free. HAYCK BROS.. QUINCY, ILL. Please mention the Uee .lournal. G-IRDEN City. Kan., May 13, 1893. P. J. Thomas. Fredonia, Kan.— Honor to whom Iiouor is due. The Queen you sent me proved the best out of six 1 bought from different Breeders. J. HrFB'MAN. Big Yellow Golden Italiiin ijiieeiis 75c Three for $2.00. Three-banded, same price. 1-Frame Nucleus, with Untested Queen. iSl.75 2-frame. $3.23. Satisfaction guaranteed. P. J . THOITIAS, Fredonia, Kau. Mention the A mericnn Bet, Journal. 22A5 GLOBE BEE- VEIL ^« By Mail for $1.00. J A cemorriv^t holds .'> spriiiff-steel , cross-bars like a globe to 8upport the bobinet Veil. These button to a neat ^ brass neck-hand, hol(lin^' ittlrmly. It iseasilv jiul to;,',. tiler: no trouble to putoii, or take oil. An absolute , protectioti aj,'ainst any insect that i Hies. Will ^'o over ai)v orriinary 'sized hat: can be worn m bed with- out discomfort; fits aav lioail ; does no. i.>bstruct tbe vision: folds - impactly, and can be carried in the Socket: in sh rt, it is invaluable to any oue V'honi ies bother. mosijuttoB bite, or bees Btiug. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., - CHICAGO, ILLS. after putting them out. My bees have not done this for many years. The old bees dwindled down very rapidly, so that some colonies had hardly anything but newly hatched out bees, but with plentj- of bloom they pulled through, and to-day most of them are in good condition. A few com- menced to swarm 10 days ago, but let up again the past week. None of them have yet worked in supers, but as white and Al- sike clovers are now in full bloom, they will probably store some surplus honey soon ; though all the clovers are badly liam- aged by the last year's drouth and late hard frosts this spring. We never had such extreme weather here in Minnesota, of heat and cold, as we had this spring, in 40 years. April and May the mercury went up to 8.5 degrees, and 94 de- grees May 9; on May 14 it went down to 2.5 degrees in tbe morning, and killed nearly all tender vegetation, also all the buds of the linden, which were out abundantly. Wild crops were also killed, but are in bloom now the second time. The prospects for white honey this season are not very encouraging in this vicinity, though we may have a good crop of amber and dark honey, as most of the vegetable kingdom has recovered from the effect of the extreme weather. We had a flue, gen- tle rain a few days ago, and a number of heavy showers yesterday, everything looks refreshed and prosperous. Small grain looks fine. Winter rye is in bloom — bees are working on it. Corn is three to six inches high, and looks good. There is hard- ly a sign left that much of it was cut down to the ground by the heavy frosts. The beat and frosts reminded me of the weather in Texas the past winter, when I was there. It was almost one-half as bad here as it was in Texas. C. Tueilmann. Theilmanton, Minn., June 3. Prospective and Retrospective. A certain author said: "Man is greatly affected by the conditions that surround him." I think this thought very closely applies to bee-keepers at times, at least in my case it is so. During the warm days of last autumn my IT colonies of bees made it seem as though summer had not yet departed, and their keeper was happy laj'iug plans for the next season's campaign, and drawing pictures on the blackboard of his mind. One was an apiary of some 30 colonies of bees in neat frame hives, all neatly arranged under the apple-trees, while their owner was smillingly setting of and on the sec- tion-cases. A pleasant picture, surely I But, alas, for the blighted hopes. How true are the words of our own poet, ■• Of all sad words of tongue or pen, the saddest are these, • It might have been ' " — if it hadn't been for honey-dew. How different a picture reality presents. Three colonies in box-hives, trying to make up in activeuess for lack of numbers, and 14 hives filled with dead bees, and filthy, bedaubed combs. I should not have the three prosperous colonies had I not bought them late last fall of a neighbor. They stored no surplus, SPECIAL OFFER. For July and August only. To those who have never tried our strain of Honey-Gathering' Italians, we will make this Special Ofl'er lor July and August only, to introduce our Bees in your localitj': We will send one Warranted Queen in July and Aug. for the trifling' sum of 50 cts. Reuieiuber, the Queens we are ffoing to send out for 50 cts. are warranted to be purely-mated, and if not. send us a state- ment of the fact and we will send another free of charge. Only one Queen will be sent at the above price to one address. If you WHut any more you must pay full price a^ per Table of Queens in our Circular, which we mail with each Queen. Address all orders to- Leiniiiger Bros., Fort Jeniiiiigs, Ohio. 22 A5 Mention the American Bee Journal, ^> HELLO! T '14- Had you noticed that we have a bee-journal in the South ? Well, we have. Send us $1.00 and receive "The Southland Queen "one year. Fresh, Practical and Plain. Jennie Atchley begins a Bee-Keepers' School in it June 15. A Steam Bee-Hive Factory. Send for Free Catalogue and Sample Copy of "The Southland Queen." THE JENNIE ATCHI.EV CO. 22Att BEEVILLE, Bee Co., TEX, GOLDEN QUEENS ^^i^^c^^J^i 60c. Tested. .$1 to J2. Breeders. $3. Best, io. Samples of Bees. '2c. None better for Honey. Beautv and Gentleness. Readv now. Fully guaranteed. F. C. MORROW, Willaoplrarj.-, Ark. 20A13 Mentimi the American Bee Journal, PASTE That Will stick ANYTHING. We have finally succeeded in finding a Paste that will stick labels to tin. slass, etc.— just thing bee-keepers have wanted. It will do the business wherever any " stickum " is re- quired. It is guaranteed to do the work. It is put up ready for immediate use. in the fol- lowing size packages, and at the prices given. \>y express: H-gal., 70c.; 1 gal. $1.00; 2, 3, 4 or 5 gals., 75c. per gal. It weighs about 8 lbs. to the gallon. Sample of Paste, postpaid, 25c. Address all orders to— GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. Ready to Hail ! f^f Untested Italian Queens are now ready to mall. Price, Jl 00 each; si.x for $5.00; twelve for $9.00. 23A5t F.iLLBROOK, Calif. Mention tiie AnicricoM Bee Jourtvai,, Promptness Is What Counts ! Honey- Jars, Shipping- Cases, and ev- I erythingthat bee-beepers use. Root's Goods at Root's Priceii, and the best shipping point in the country. Dealer in Honey and Beeswax. Oata- ir6TJarAve.WalterS.Poii(ler INDIANAPOLIS, IND. Hri AaI^Iivi 1024 Mississippi St . It. iiCKilll, St. Pan], miun. Northwestern Agent For The A. I. Root Co.'s A|)iariiiii Supplies Send for l_ Prlce-List i 21A17 MetntUm the American Be JowmaL JL XiljXjxJ W Arc the Italian (jueen.'i tuat 1 can send hy return mall at $1.00 each or SIX tor $5.00. Not oue In 100 will prove mlsmated. and any that do not produce three- banded Bees will be replaced. Tested Queens after June 15th. same price as above. •Vf. H. PRIDGEN, 22A5 CREEK, Warren Co., N. C Mention tli^ American Bee Jmtnud. Bees and Queens For Sale. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 417 and were well stocked with white honey. One thin5< I think I have learned is, never to attempt to winter bees on honey-dew. May its visits be few and far between. On page 378, J. S. Scott says: " A good way to equalize the strength of colonies of bees in spring is to change the hives around." I tried it. Result: Lost both of the weaker colonies experimented with. In both cases the queens of the weaker colo- nies were killed, or died very suddenly through fright, Joy. or some other cause. One was a recently introduced Italian ; the other a native black queen. It proved too short a kink for those queens. Bees wintered badly as a whole last win- ter, in this locality, but the outlook is fair for what are left. " Better late than never," I hope will ap- ply to rectifying mistakes. Some time ago E . Tarr, of "Haystack Mountain Apiary," was credited with a crop of 7,500 pounds of honey. It should have read " 1,500 pounds." O. B. Griffin. Caribou, Maine, Junel. A Report. Last spring I started with one colony, and this spring I had three good ones. I obtained 1415 pounds of honey last season. Israel Gross. New Lexington, Pa., June 10. May be a Dragon-Fly. A new bee-killer — an insect which flies, of greenish color, with a silver stripe on the back in the form of a diamond. I saw it kill about 30 bees, and kill them instantly. What is it ? Horace Buker. Rossie, N. Y. [The description is too meager. It may be a dragon-fly. — A. J. CoOK.] Prevention of Brace-Combs. After reading J. M. Moore's letter on page, 37.T, I feel pretty sure that the spac- ing-tacks have nothing to do with the mat- ter of brace-combs. If he will cut away the shoulders of his Hoffman frames, and then use tacks that will keep the top-bars Just as far apart as they were before. I think he will find there will be no change as to re- sults. There is a difference that he men- tions, however, that I am beginning to think may have some bearing on the case. His Hoffman frames are spaced 1''^' from center to center— probably a little more on account of bee-glue — while his other frames are spaced IJ4'. On page 376, H. F. Johan- ning says : "I find that by spacing close, I prevent (or at least I think I do) braces be- tween the combs." Not a great while ago I found a novice who had wintered a colony in fine condition with 'J frames in a space of less than 13 inches. He said the bees built brace-combs it he used only 8 combs. While such close spacing may prevent brace-combs. I doubt if it is the best thing, and the same end can be reached with spacing 1''k or more. All that's needed is to have a small space between top-bars — not more than '4 inch. So the thing needed Is to tack on strips on the top-bars at the sides, so as to make them \\ wide; only it will be better to have the strips wider than the -is thickness of the top-bar, for a top- bar '-'^ thick is not so good as one thicker. Some think \ is thick enough, but for my- self I prefer %. Gleaner. BEE-BOOKS SENT POSTPAID BV George W. York & Co., Chicago* ilU. Bees and Bloney, or Management of an Apiary for Pleasure uud Prullt. by Thomas G.Newman.— Thl3 edition bus been luri.'L'I\' re-written, thoroughly revised, and ta " fully up with the times " In all the Improvements and Invuntlons In this rapidly-devel- oping pursuit, aud pitsents the aijiariet with everytbloK that can aid In the successful manage- ment of an apiary, and at the same time prciduce the most honey In an attractive condition. It con- tains 25U paffcs. and 245 lliustratlons—ls beautifully printed In the highest stvie of the art, and bound In cloth, gold-lettered. Price, $1.00. Langrstroth on the HoneylSeej revised by Dadant— This classic In bee-culture, has been entirely re-wrltten. and Is fully Illustrated. It treats of everything relatlntf to bees and beekeep- ing. No apiarian library Is complete wltliout tills standard work by Kuv. L. L. Langstroth — the Father of American Bee-Culture. It has 520 pages; bound In cloth. Price, UAueen-Bees are reared In perfect accord wltli Nature's wav. !"*> pages, bound In cloth, and Illustrated. Price. $1.00. A B C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. Root.— A cyclopiedla of 4U0 pages, describing everything pertaining to the care of the honey-bees. It con- tains ;WJ engravings. It was written especially for beginners Bound In cloth. Price, $1.25. JL Tear Among: the Bees, by Dr. C. C. MUler- A talk about some of the Implements, plans and practices of a bee-kt- eper of 2o years' experience, wiio has fur 8 years made the production of honey his exclusive business. It gives full particulars about caring for bees throughout the whole year. 114 pages, bound In cloth, and illustrated. 50 cts. Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods and Management, by \V. Z. Hutchinson. —The axithor of tills work Is too well known to need further description of his bonk. He is a practical and entertaining writer. Vnu should read his book. 90 pages, bound In paper, and Illustrated. Price, 5C cts. Rational Bee-Keeplna:, by Dr. John Dzlerzon — This Is a transliitiuii ut {\\^ latest German hook on bee-culture. U has oOU pages; bound in cloth; $1.25; In paper covers. $1.00 Bienen-Kiiltur, by Thomas G. Newilan. — This Is a German translation of the prlnclpri por- tion of the book called Bkks of Hoxey. 10. page pamphlet. Price. 40 cents. Tlie Apiary Rcei«ter. by Thomas G. Ne " : .""n —A record and account buuk for the apiary, i • ;■ Jngtwo paiies to each colony. Leather blr Price, for 50 colonies, $1.00. For 100 colonies, S Convention Hand-Book, for Bee-Keepers. Thomas G. Newiuan.— It contains the parliamen- tary law and rules of order for Bee-Conventions- also Constitutiun and By-Laws, with subjects for discussion, etc. Cloth, gold-lettered. Price, 25 cts. "Winter Problem In Bee-Keeping, by G. R. Pierce.— The author has had 25 years' experience in bee-keeping, and for five years demoted all his time and energies to the pursuit. Paper covers. 50 cts. Bee-KeepinR for Profit, by Dr. G. L. Tinker. —It fully details his new system of producing honey With his hive. It has 'jage.s. Price, 25 cents. Ainerikaiiisolie Bleneiiznclit. by Hans Buschbauer.— Printed in German. A hand-book on bee-keeping, giving the nn^tlmds in use Liy the best American aud German aiiiansts. Illustrated; 138 pages. Price. $1.00. Tliirly Years Anions; tlie Bees, by Uenry Alley.— Gives the results of over a quarter- century's experience in rearing queen-bees. Very latest work of thekind. Nearly lOu pages. Price, tA'c. Fonl Rrood Treatment, by Prof. F, R. Cheshire.— Its Cause and Prevention. Price, 10 cts. Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.— Origin. Development and Cure. Price, 2.t cts. Honey sts Food and ffledieine, by T. G. Newman.— A 32-page pamphlet : just the thing to create a demand tor honey at home. Should be scattered freely. Cuntain." recipes tor Honey-Cakes, Cookies, Puddings, Fitam, Wines, and uses of honey for medicine. Prices, prepaid— Sinu'le copy. Seta.; in copies. 3.'. cts.: .iO forSl-.^n: luifur $2.50; 250 for $5.50; 500 for$in.(rti; or iO(H) for$15.n(i. When 250 or more are <-)rdered, we will print the bee-keeper's card (free uf cost) on the front cover page. EnierKon Binderi^, made especially for the Bee -ToiiKNAL. are convenient for preserving each number as fast as received. Not mailable to Canada. Price, 75 cts. GOES INTO THE HANDS OF A RECEIVER. Not tlie I'nuo Fonro but the animal or thing that undortiilifsio BO through it. And isn't it a Kruat saiisfaijiidn to linow thattlie "Re- ceiver" is so conijjetent to tal; three, S2. 00; 8i.Y, J3.50; 12. J6..50 Tested Queen, reared '94 Jl.OO Select Tested Q'n '• " 1.50 Extra Selected tor breeding. The Verj Best 2.00 Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Price- Lif.t Free. Address. Van Allen & Williams, llarnnm, Wis. p. S.— We have a few Hybrid Queens in one of ] our bee-y!irds— to those that want them, 25 cts. for one. 5 for Jl. Stamps taken for single Queen. Send E.fpress Money Order payable at Barnum, orP.O MoneyOrder payable at Boscobel. Wis.; or Draft on Milwauliee or Chicago, in Bee Journal when you write. _^J ONE-PIECE SECTIONS-CHEAP ! In Order lo Rcflucc Our Slock, We Olfer No. X CREAM SECTION.^ -4!4.\4'.ix7-to-ft.: 15i, IS. 1 lo-l(j and 2 inch : 1000 for$1.50. 5000 at $1.40 per M. 10,000 at $1.35 per M. No. 1 WHITE SECTIONS — 5Kix6!4x2, open on two 5H sides : 1000 for $2.50. 5000 at $3.35 per M. 10,000 at Ji. 25 per M. G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watfertown, Wis. Honey & Beeswax Market Quotations. CHICAGO, 111., June7.— We haveourusual dull season which we look forward to and ex- pect. Honey is entirely forgotten during the months of June, .luly and August. The miir- ket is pretty well cleaned up of all grades of honey, so the prospects are encouraging for the coming season. We are getting 13@14c. tor light comb. J.A.L. KANSAS ClTr, Mo,. June 19.— Supply and demand is light. We quote: No. 1 white. 1- Ibs., 13®14o.; No. 2 white. 12®13c.; No. I amber. ll(S12c. ; No. 2 amber. SOlOc. Ex- tracted, white, 7c.; amber, 6c.; dark. 5c, Beeswax. 22c. C. C. C. & Co. CINCINNA'ti. O.. June 18.— Nothing new since our last. There is a fair demand lor e.x- tracted honey at 4(gi7c. Comb honey is in slow demand at 12@14c. for best while Beeswax is in good demand at 25®31c. for good to choice yellow. C. F. M. & S. CHICAGO. III., May 23. — The trade in comb hone.y is very light at this time of the year— as it is between seasons. Soon we will get the new crop, and it will come on a bare market. Just now what little comb sells brings 14c. for the best grades. Extracted. 5'/4@7c. All good grades of beeswax, 30c. E. A. B. &Co, PHILADELPHIA, Pa.. June 18.— The new crop of comb honey is arriving slowly, and is in fair demand. No new extracted honey has arrived in this market as yet. We quote: Comb honey. 9(5il3c. Extracted, 4^@6c. Beeswax is still declining. The adulteration of beeswa.x has demoralized our market this spring, and luis hurt our sales considerable. Price. 25@27c. W. A. S. NEW YOKK. N. Y.. May 24.- White comb honey is well cleaned up. Considerable buck- whea't remains on the market, and, as the sea- son is about over, some of it will have to oe carried over. Extracted is doing fairly well, with plenty of supply to meet the demand. New southern Is airiving quite freelj'. We quote: Extracted, white, 6@6^c.; amber, 5 ((io%c. Southern, common, 45@50c. per gal- lon: choice, 60@65c. While beeswax holds firm at 31@32c., we think it has reached top market and do not expect it 10 go higher. H. B. .Si S. PTH'S HONEY EXTBACTOB PERFECTION Cold-Blast Smokers, l^quare Glass Houer Jars, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Mhth & Son. Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O. Send lOo for Practical Hints lo Bee-Keepers. ilfeiition the A.merican Dee JounwK List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers, Most of whom Quote in this Journal. Cblcago, Ills. J. A. liAMON, 43 South Water St. R, A. Burnett & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. If. F. I. Sage & Son. 183 Reads Street. HiLDBETH Bros. & Seoelken. 120 & 122 West Broadway. Chas. Israel & Bros.. 486 Canal St. I. J. Stbinoham. 105 Park Place. Kansas Cltf, Iflo. C. C. Clemoms & Co., 423 Walnut St. Bufialo, N. Y. Batterson & Co.. 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chas. Dadant & Son. Pbiladeli>bla, Pa. Wm. a. Selser, 10 Vine St. Cincinnati, Olilo. C. F, Mdth & Son, cor. Freeman & Central avB. A Binder for holding a year's num- bers of the Bee Jouknax we mail for only T5 cents; or clubbed witb the JOUBNAL for .$1.60. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 419 PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY GEORGE W. YORK & CO., At One Dollar a Year, 56 Fifth Avenue, CHICAGO, IliliS. Postage to all CountrleB In the Postal Union Is 50 cents extra. To all otbers. $1.00 more than the subscription price. ^P" Hebblewhlte & Co.. 369 George Street, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, are our authorized agents. Subscription price, 6 shil- lings per annum, postpaid Important to All Subscribers. Xlie American Bee .Toiii'iial is sent to subscribers until an order is received by the publishers for its discontinuance, and all arrearages are paid. Al^vays State the Post-Offlce to which your paper is addressed, when writing to us. A Sample Copy of the Bee Journal will be sent FREE upon application. 1I««- to Semi Money.— Remit by Express, Post-Offlce Money Order, or Bank Draft on New York or Chicago. If none of these can be had. Register your Letter, affixing .Stamps both for postage and regis- try, and take a receipt for it. Money sent thus, IS AT OUR RISK; otherwise it is not. Do not send Checks on Local Banks — we have to pay 25 cents each, to get them cashed. ^"ever Semi Silver in letters. It will wear holes in the envelope, or may be stolen. Money Orders.— Make all Money Or- ders payable at Chicago. 111. — not at any sub-station of Chicago. Postag-e Stamps of any denomina- tion may be sent for any fraction of a dol- lar; or where Money Orders cannot be obtained, stamps for any amount may be sent. Siibseription Credits. —The receipt for money sent us will be given on the address-label of every paper. The subscrip- tion is paid to the end of tlie montli indicated. I>o not Write anything for publica- tion on the same sheet of paper with busi- ness matters, unless it can be torn apart without interfering with either part of the letter. I^ost ^itmljers. — We carefully mall the Bee Journal to every subscriber, but should any be lost in the mails, we will re- place them if notified before all the edition is exhausted. Please don't wait a month or two, for then it may be too late to get another copy. Emei-son Hinders, made especially for the American Bee Journal, are conven- ient for preserving each weekly Number, as fast as received. They will be sent, post- paid, for T.T cents, or clubbed with the Am- erican Bee Journal for one year — both to- gether for SI. 60. They cannot be sent by mail to Canada. B-Frai)ie Ei'iicleiis and Italian Queen -$2.50.-- Untested Queens, 75c.; Six for $3.50. Discount on Quaiitilies. FULL-LINE-OF-SUPPLIES. I. J. STRIIVGIIAI?!, 103 Park Place. NEW YOKK, N. Y. Mention the Amtrican Bee Journal. Questioi;)-Box* In the multitude of counsellors there is safety. — Prov. 11-14. Breeding Out tlie Swarmiiie Habit ill Bees. Query 977.— 1. Is it possible to breed out the swarming habit ? 2. Would It be a desirable thing if it could be done '/ B. Taylor— 1. No. 2. No. Dr. J. P. H. Brown— 1. No. 2. No. P. H. Elwood— 1. I think so. 2. Yes. 0. H. Dibbern— 1. I think not. 2. No. Rev. M. Mahin— 1. No ! 2.1 think not. ■ G. M. Doolittle— 1. I think not. 2. Yes. W. R. Graham— 1. I think not. 2, I think not. R. Ij. Taylor — 1. To some extent, no doubt. 2. "No, H. D, Cutting— 1. "Give her up," 2. All things considered, I think not, Mrs. J, N. Heater — 1. I think not al- together. 2. I do not think it would. Prof. A. J. Cook— 1. Nothing is im- possible for us mortals. 2. Certainly. Chas. Dadant & Son — 1. We think not. 2. We are afraid we would also breed out their industry. J. M, Hambaiigh — 1. I am of theopin- ion it would be a very uncertain task. 2. f am not sure that it would, Wm, M. Barnum — 1. I doubt if it would be possible, 2. No. A modifica- tion is desirable at times, however. Eugene Secor — 1. Perhaps it can be done in time— a thousaud years or so— if persisted in. 2. I am not sure on that point. Jas. A. Stone — 1. I do not think it is. 2. I, for one, would desire it — as I have generally increased my colonies by di- viding. E, France — 1 and 2, I don't think it is. I would a great deal rather my bees would be contented and not swarm. I woud divide them to suit myself. Rev, E, T. Abbott— 1. Not unless you change a bee into some other animal. 2, No: not if we are to continue to keep bees for the honey they produce. W. G. Larrabee- 1. No. 2, I hardly think so, for if bees have no desire to swarm or to increase, they would not build queen-cells, and without queen- cells how would we increase ? Dr. C. C, Miller — 1. As it is not essen- tial for the existence of a colony, and as some bees are more given to swarming than others, I don't see anything impos- sible in having bees not given to swarm- ing at all. 2, Very decidedly for most persons. J. E. Pond— 1 and 2. No, sir ! and it would not be advisable or desirable so to do, in my judgment. In order to do this it would be necessary to breed out all the present instincts of the bee, and what the result would be, were it possi- ble so to do, let him tell who can. Allen Pringle—1. As the "swarming habit " is one of the very strongest hab- its of the honey-bee, while my faith in the possibilities of artificial as well as natural selection in the breeding of the bee, as well as other animals, is strong, I think it would take a good deal of per- sistent effort through a good many thou- sands of years to get that habit bred out ! I could not, therefore, conscien- tiously advise the querist to begin to un- dertake a job like that, 2. It would, I think, be desirable, provided the breed- ing out of the swarming habit did not at the same time breed out that ivork-with- a-rus)i habit which now accompanies the swarming habit. G. W. Demaree — 1 and 2, I guess not, and if it could be done, I would not want the bees, because such bees would not be all-purjiose liees. I sometimes want some prime swarms, and if I don't want my bees to swarm, I prevent them by raising the sealed brood above the queen- excluder. This answers both of your queries. Mrs, L, Harrison — When the "swarm- ing habit " has been bred out of the hu- man family, I'll try bees, 2, No ! Is the creature wiser than the Creator ? The Lord knew what he was saying, when he said, "It is not good for man to be alone," Swarm out and start a new home is Nature's way of increasing bee- families. PRICES t.O'W. — BEST QTrAl^ITT. Do You Want # Do You Waul BEE HIVES. CRATES, SECTIONS, FOUNDATION ? ANV SUPPLIES FOR The Apiary? I can flU your orders promptly. Catalogue free. THOMAS G. XE^VMAX, 147 South Wustern Avenue, • CHICAGO, UiL. Crimson Clover Seed ! ! Having more than I shall sow. I offer it for sale. It ivas grown on hard laud, is acclima- ted fully, t'leun, good seed and Will Grow. 2 bush,, seven dollars ($7. OOi; 1 bush., $:i.75; Vj bush,, Jii.OO; »4 bush., $1.25. No charge for bags. J. COLBY SMITH, 26A8t WILLOW GKOVE. DEL, .IfeJitioii the American Bee Journal. KANSAS sE-^.S£?!;.^s ! Before placing your order Tor Supplies write tor mj" Very Low Prices on D. T HIVES. SECTIONS. SMOKERS SHIPPING-CASES AND COMB FOUNDATION. Catalogue Free, ISEtf A. \V, SWAN, reiitralia, Kan. Hunt's Foundation Led all others in theGovernmentexperiments It exceeded the Given by 6!^ ;.:., and all the rest by 24 !4. See Sept. Review, 1894. The Largest, Most Comprehensive Catalog of ev- erything needed in the Apiary. Free. Cash for Beeswax, or will make it up in anj'quaa- tity. M. H. HUNT, Bell Krancli, MioU. 4Etf Merition the American Bee Journd Italian Queens Warranted Purely Mated. ,")0 cts. each. Tested, 75 cts., or 2 for*1.00; 12 for $5,00 Good Breeders, $2.00 each. F. A. CROWELL, 24A5t GRANGER, Fillmore Co., MINN. 420 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 27, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! It is always economy to buy the best, espe- cially when the best cost no more than something not half so good. OUK FAL- CON SECTIONS are acliuowledged to be superior to any on the niarltet. Tlje same Is alsotrueof our HIVES and BEE- KEEPERS' SUPPLIES, ot which we malse all modern styles. OUR PRICES will be found as low as those of any of our competitors, and in many cases low- er, and you are always sure ot getting flrst-class goods. We also puljlish THE AMERICAN REE-KEEPER, a monthly magazine (Fifth year) at 50c. a year, in- valuable to beginners. Large illustrated catalogue and price-list free. Address. THEW.T.FALCOmMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. ^^ tV, m. GerriBli. of East NoHins- baiii, N. H., is our Eastern agent. New England customers may save freight by pur- chasing of him. MeiiUon the American Bee Journal. Get C>ur High Prices on — Before Selling. HORRIIE & lUcCONKEY, Commission Merchants, 224 South Water St., Chicago, 111. Reference— First National Bank. 24A13 Mention the American Bcc Jnurnal, I AEISE f^ro SAY to the readers X of the BEE JOURNAL thftt DOOIilTTliE has concluded to sell -BEES and QUEEN8- In their season, during 1895. at thefoUowlna prices : One Colony of Italians on 9 Gallup frames, in litrht Bbipping-box $7 dO five Colonies.:... 30 00 Ten Colonies Suoo 1 untested queen, i ix) 6 " queens 5 50 12 '* '* 1000 1 tested Queen... $\ 5o 3 " Queens. 4'Ki 1 select tested queen 2 oo 3 " " Queens 5 o(' Selectlesied queen, previous season's rearint; . 4 oo Uztra Selected for breediniz. the vert best. . 6 00 About a Pound of BKKS in a Two-frame Nucleus. with any Queen, $2.00 extra. ^" Circular free, RlvinR full particulars Ten&TC' tng the Bees and each class of Queens. Address G. M. DOOLITTLE, 12A25t BORODINO, Onon. Co., N. V. Household Repairing Outfit. This Outfit Is a combination of the practical, trietl and common-sense tools anfi materials that will enable anyone with CDOu^h ingen- uity to drive a nail, to do his own half- soling', boot, shoe, rubber and harness repairing, ri^'-ht at home. No pe^s re- quired. Simple wire clinch nails. Saves time, trouble, ex- pense and vexatious ^ ^ ■• siioe-maker's tiro- (fj^ //^ l Illinois State Apiarian Experiments.— Mr. James A. Stone, Secretary of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association, sent me the following letter, dated June 24 : Dear Bro. York : — I inclose a letter from the Board of Directors of the Experimental Station at the University of Illinois, in answer to a memorial sent them, asking represen- tation for bee-keepers in the same. If you will publish the letter, the bee-keepers of the State will know just how we stand. Jas. A. Stone, Cliftirman Committee. Bradfordton, 111. The communication referred to in the above, reads thus: Urbana, hi., June 18, 1895. Jas. A. Stone, Geo. F. Robbins, J. W. Finch, Jr., Coinmittce of Illinois State Ute- Keepers^ AfsoclatUmy Bradfordton, III. Gentlemen: — Your communication of March 13, 1895, on the part of the Association, was duly considered at the re- cent meeting of the Board of Direction of the Agricultural Ex- periment Station here. It was, however, decided that it was not feasible at the present time to take up the matters re- ferred to in your communication for investigation or experi- ment. This does by no means indicate any want of apprecia- tion of the importance of such work, but it is absolutely im- possible for the Station to do all that would be desirable to have done, or to fill at the same time all the requirements of practical matters in the various lines of affairs coming under the general title of Agriculture. One factor in the decision is that the locality here is deemed a poor one for this work ; while under present circumstances it is not deemed feasible to establish such experiments elsewhere. The adverse decision concerning taking up in a prominent way special questions in apiculture does not include giving such attention to the matter as will be possible in connection 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 429 with the other work that is being carried on here. We shall be glad to be of any service whenever it is possible, and some time more attention may be given to your practical lines of investigation. I am, however, glad to inform you that instruction in api- culture is offered in the University, to be taught by Mr. W. 6. Johnson, who is a scientific entomologist, as well as a prac- tical bee-keeper. Very truly yours, T. J. BuRRiLL, President Board of Direction. When we consider the enormous amounts of money ex- pended in Illinois for all sorts of purposes — and many of them utterly useless — it seems too bad that the bee-keepers of the State cannot get the slightest recognition whatever. They pay the taxes like others who get some favors, but experimen- tal apiculture isn't considered worthy of any notice or atten- tion. Some other States are better informed on the subject, more fully comprehend the importance of bees to agriculture, and so have recognized the industry sufficiently to give it a prominent place at their experiment stations. Let us hope that Illinois may soon "catch on," and at least keep up with the procession even if she can't lead. Mrs. O. O. Poppleton, of Florida, died recently, I noticed by Gleanings for June 15. Mr. Poppleton is well know to the older readers of the Bee Journal, as he was at one time a frequent contributor. Mr. H. W. Mitchell, of Hawk's Park, Fla., who sent the sad news to Gleanings, writes thus of the deceased : Mrs. Poppleton was a native of Indiana, having been born in Maysville about 41 years ago. She will no doubt be re- membered by a number of bee-keepers, having attended the national convention at Cincinnati in 1882, and Toronto in 1883, besides other State conventions. She was a well-posted and enthusiastic bee-keeper ; and ever since her marriage to Friend Poppleton she has been his first assistant in the practi- cal care of the apiary. Mrs. Poppleton has been a consistent and prominent church member for 31 years, having joined the Methodist church when 10 years old. Cheerful, kind-hearted, and a lady in every sense of the word, to know her was to value her highly ; and in her death, the community in which she lived sustains a heavy loss. They did not have any idea her sickness would be fatal until three hours before she passed away. She was taken down with a complication of diseases, but the final cause of death was heart failure. Bro. Poppleton will have the heartfelt sympathy of all in his Dereavement. Sout)r)crx} DepartjTjej^t* DR. J. CONDUCTED BY P. II. BROWX^, A.UGUSTA, GA.. [Please send all questions relating to bee-keeping In the South direct to Dr. Brown, and he will answer in this department.— Ed. 1 Putting on Sections — Doubling Up Colonies- Building Drone-Comb. 1. Does it pay to put on sections as late as the last of June in this territory ? If the season is about over, appar- ently, what should I put in the upper story, if not new sec- tions with foundation, when the full sections are removed? 2. I don't want any more increase, and would be glad to have advice as to the propriety of doubling up — and if desir- able, when and how best to do it. 3. I tried putting swarms on frames with 8-iuch starters, and many of them built drone-comb the balance of the way. Would you cut that out and put in worker-comb? N. G. O., South Carolina. Answers. — 1. Not with the expectation of getting them filled with the spring flow of honey ; for by June 15 thespring harvest is over. I should put new sections in place of the re- moved ones, and allow them to remain until the fall flow. 2. I would double up the weakest colonies, and always save the best queens. Do this after the fall flow of honey. Make the union late in the evening ; smoke the colonies to Idb united. Select the best oombs and alternate them in the hive. Preserve the extra combs for use another season. 3. Full sheets of foundation are preferable to starters. Cut out the drone-comb and put in worker-comb. Failing Queen. Dr. Brown : — What is the matter with a leather-colored Italian queen in my apiary ? The queen is one of an Ohio breeder's dollar queens, introduced in June, 1894, is quite prolific, and her bees have been good honey-gatherers. This spring I noticed that there were from two to four eggs in many cells. In a recent examination I find that very many cells are occupied by two eggs each. She has an abundance of room, having 40 frames in 4 hive-bodies, tiered up. The frames are 2 inches shorter than the standard Langstroth, depth the same as the Langstroth. This colony is very strong, and has built an exceptional number of queen-cells, which have been periodically removed. Is the queen failing, or can you assign a reason why she is so economical in cells ? "Eastern Kentucky." Answer. — The queen is failing, and from the fact of the bees constructing queen-cells, they are aware of the condition of things, and desire to supersede her. The extra eggs may slip into the cell from a slight paralysis of the sphincter muscle of the ovipositor. Diseased Bees — Shipped <(ueens. Dr. Brown :— 1. What is the matter with my bees ? One colony (old bees) have been dying for ten days, crawling out at the entrance constantly, and dying in front on the ground. I thought for some time it must be robbers getting themselves stung to death, but they continue dying, night as well as day. This morning I found the queen dead, or dying, in front of the entrance. I immediately proceeded to examine the combs one by one, and found 5 combs of eggs and brood in all stages. I found about one-fifth of the brood in the three center combs dead, most of which was sealed, or had been. The bees had uncapped most of the dead ones, and they seem dry and hard, some dry and moldy like " devil's dust ;" others half dried up, having a white appearance. I inserted a broom-straw in the dead brood— no ropy substance adhered to the straw. Two other combs, one on each side of the three, contain some dead brood, though not one-fifth so much. ■ The bees are still a fair colony in numbers. I think X shall brimstone them to-night (for fear it is foul brood), and fasten the hive up tight, combs and all, and wait for you to tell me what's the trouble with them. What is the remedy, and what shall I do with the combs ? 2. Do queens shipped from, say Ohio to Texas, do as well as queens shipped from points in the same latitude? Hannibal, Tex. W. H. C. Answers. — 1. Your bees seem to be peculiarly affected; and it is very difficult to give you advice without knowing more of the surrounding conditions, as to whether any other colonies in the apiary are similarly affected, etc. From your description of the disease, I hardly think it is foul brood— it is more like the effects of poisoned honey, and it might be well for you to make inquiry as to the use of any arsenical insecti- cides within range of your bees. Foul brood is a terrible scourge to the bee-keeper. It is a disease to be dreaded, and it is best to give it no quarter. With the colony in question, if I thought it was foul brood, I should place the remaining bees on starvation diet for at least 36 hours, in a closed hive without combs, then put them into a new hive on clean combs with a fertile queen, and feed sugar syrup. The frames and combs in the foul hive I would bury deep in the ground, and after scraping the hive, washing it out with pearline, and giving it a coat of paint inside and out, I would use it. 2. Queens can be shipped to any point in the Union, and will do as well as if only shipped to points in the same latitude. Some Tennessee Items. In 1888 and 1890 I had fine crops of comb honey. My apiary was small then, however, and the aggregate was not large. Since then I've been increasing bees and decreasing revenue. When my dish was right side up the expected flow 430 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 4, failed to come, and hope for the future constrained me to con- tinue improving my stock and waiting for the good time coming. One year, following the directions in the books, I raised the supers wheu the sections were almost full of honey, and placed empty ones under. The season was near the close, and the sections were not finished. I had a fine lot of bait sections for the next year, and I've been baiting with them all along since then, occasionally getting some of them flu- ished. This spring I had about 80 colonies to begin with. Swarming began early, the bees being in excellent condition from a good fall crop last year. There were a number of after-swarms, souie quite small. I also reared some fine queens, and superseded less desirable stock with them. The black locust and apple bloom was abundant, and poplar prom- ised much. But just as the latter came into bloom the cold weather came, and some of the recent swarms had to be fed. Theu the weather became much better in lime for buck- thorn, honey-locust, etc. Now the linden is white with bloom. There is a large crop of honey in my supers to-day, most of it unsealed yet, and if the weather continues favorable, I hope for an abundant harvest. SECOND-SWARMS PREVENTED. It may be too soon to report it a success, but I'm going to risk telling how I've prevented second-swarms so far. You know a laying queen of this year's rearing is not inclined to swarm — in fact, it is the exception for her to swarm however populous her colony. Well, just as soon as a swarm is hived, I place it where the old colony stood, and give it the supers. The brood-chamber of the old colony is then placed on top of a hive having a youug laying queen, and she attends to the queen-cells immediately. I have given this treatment to 15 or 20, and " nary " a sec- ond swarm from them. The large quantity of sealed brood hatching out makes a populous colony before you are aware of it. You can then reduce it to a single-story hive by taking away such frames as have the least brood — taking from both upper or lower story — and add your supers in time for the lat- ter part of the harvest. The frames taken away can' be used to advantage in building up nuclei into good colonies, etc. Or another way is this : Some of my nuclei with laying queens were in half depth supers with shallow frames, and brood- rearing was only commencing. Put this on top of the old brood-chamber, and I find the queen generally descends pretty soon, leaving the shallow frames for honey almost exclusively. SWARMING DISCOURAGED. I find the suggestion some one made in some of the papers a year or two ago (rather indefinite, isn't it?) — that raising hives up considerably from the bottom-board discourages swarming — is excellent. And in this connection I am going to tell something else at the risk of making my article too long. I recently visited an old friend of mine on Cumberland Mountain, where he is surrounded by " the forest primeval," and bees revel in honey. He has large hives, made of n..'- inch and 2-inch lumber, frames above and below. He had then 36 colonies, all blacks, each hive named. They are ar- ranged on a platform, well ventilated, with quite an extensive shed over them, so broad and roomy that he can work under it without stooping, and the sunshine enters only early in the morning and late of an evening. He tells me he has very little swarming. In four summers they have increased only from IS to 36. He has a window to the upper story, and never cuts out any honey until the outside frame is sealed, and then only half the amount therein at any one time. He says they must have plenty for their own use. With this manage- ment he sometimes averages 50 pounds of comb honey. Does not this speak well for large hives, ventilation and shade ? Gainesboro, Tenn., June 14. Lewis K. Smith. All About Georgia.— Any reader of this paper de- siring information about the resources of Georgia, the Empire State of the South, by sending his name and address on a pos- tal card to Hon. R. T. Nesbitt, Commissioner of Agriculture, Atlanta, Ga., will recieve free a handsomely-illustrated pamphlet, postage paid. Valuable to farmers and teachers. Carjadiar) Beedorrj^ A Con§ideration of Bec-$ting§. ' Never shake the bees off a frame having queen-cells on it. Nor in any way suddenly jar it ; for queen-cells are much more liable to injury while on the frame than when taken from where they wore built. — Doolittle. A sting in the neck which I got yesterday afternoon, and which makes me more stiff-necked than I am by nature, be- sides giving me considerable pain, suggests a topic for this article on which I can write feelingly. In the last edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica, article " Bee," by John Hunter, late Honorary Secretary of the British Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion, the following passage occurs on being stung by bees : " Bee-kaepers who meddle much with their bees soon be- come accustomed to stinging, and do not suffer much. Exper- iments have been made to ascertain the number of stings required to inoculate the blood, and it has been stated that about 30 at the rate of three or four a day, will suffice, after which the effect of the bee-poison is trivial. Persons unac- customed to the poison, however, often suffer severely." This reminds me of Mr. Gladstone's rule to chew beef 35 times in order to make it digest easily. There is beef that you may chew any number of times, and it will still be indi- gestible. So there are some people who never get used to a bee-sting. I am one of them. " Well," some one says, "if that is the case, why do you keep bees ?" That is an inperti- nent question, which I am under no obligation to answer, un- less by saying, " Mind your own business." We have bee-keepers who are very fond of boasting that they can handle bees freely either without getting stung, or without suffering if they are stung. That is nothing to be proud of. They are pachydermatous, i. e., thick-skinned ani- mals. As they did not make their own skins, they are not entitled to any credit for their being thick. But I have known cases in which such persons have suffered great inconvenience for want of protection. A bee-keeping friend and neighbor of mine in the long ago. Judge M., used to laugh at mo for wear- ing a veil and gloves. He despised all such precautions and boasted that he could do anything among bees, with bare face and hands. One day he went out to look at his apiary just before going down to his law office after dinner. By some un- lucky accident his foot slipped and he fell against a hive, knocking it over. Out came the bees with a rush, " in multi- plied thousands" as he told me afterwards. Fortunately his apiary was in a grove of evergreens, that branched, as all evergreens ought to do, close down to the ground. He had the presence of mind to drop to the earth, and crawl under the friendly shelter of a large evergreen, where he was kept a close prisoner until nightfall. Every time he tried to get out the Philistines were upon him. The best he could do was to improve the time in thinking out some intricate law cases. But after that he had no more to say in ridicule of wearing veil and gloves. , I once heard Mr. D. A. Jones at a convention make fun of the idea of using any protection. He said no man should pre- tend to be a bee-keeper who could not handle bees bare-faced and bare-handed. Some time afterwards, I was visiting his apiary. It was not long after his return from the East, and he was showing me Italian and Holy Land colonies, opening the hives to let me see the queens. Naturally, I wanted to see the Cyprians also. Somewhat reluctantly, as I thought, he undertook to open a Cyprian colony. The first frame he drew out, the bees came at him like yellow devils. He stood his ground for a little, but soon set the frame down beside the hive and ran for dear life. I notice that some of our best bee-keepers always wear at least a veil in the apiary. Mr. Heddon not only wears one himself, but provides them for visitors. While on this subject, 1 will say that I have never yet found the ideal bee-veil. I thought I had when Mr. Hutchin- son published that lovely picture of himself wearing one that ties with strings around the waist. But I soon found that the beauty lay in the bee-keeper more than the veil. The bees will crawl up my back and get inside the veil, no matter how tightly I tie the strings. A bee-dress, cool and airy, and abso- lutely impervious to bees is yet to be invented. I cannot resist the temptation of transcribing here some portions of a chapter on " The Bee-Dress," from an old bee-book by John Keys, my edition of which is dated 181-4. The veil is to be made of " thin boulting cloth," sewed to the brim of an old hat when reduced to two inches and a half in width. The cloth is to hang down a foot in breadth all round the head. "A broad tape is to be prepared, long enough to tie the cloth, close round the neck under the chin. But as the nose, chin and neck would be liable to be stung through the meshes, therefore, to secure those parts, some oiled linen 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 431 must be stitched opposite the face and neck, withinside, leav- ing two inches and a half free, opposite the eyes." What a comfortable head-dress ! Tied with " a broad tape, ctosc round the neck," what luxury it must be to wear it on a swel- tering July day ! " Besides the hood, a thick pair of tanned-leather gloves will be necessary, or other leather oiled only once, ; a portion of old stockings to be sewed to the extremities, to draw tight over the cuffs of the coat. The legs must be defended by a thick pair of yarn stockings, drawn over those in common wear. The greatest care should be used in putting on the hood, that no hollows or chasms be left under the chin or about the neck ; and for better security, it will be proper to tie a handkerchief over the gathering round the neck beside that of the tape. An apron before will be useful, to prevent these prying insects from tickling the belly. Thus appareled, defiance may be given to millions of bees or wasps, and all the operations may be executed without dread or danger." I think I see Dr. Miller thus arrayed, clipping queens' wings with a delicate pair of scissors ! One more extract: "Women should not meddle with bees, without this bee-dress ; nor then, without the addition of a man's coat, and, I had almost said, breeches also." /Kn)or)Q H)c Bee-Papers Gleaned by Dr. Miller, ADVANTAGES OF THE LONG HIVE. It is more shallow, hence less liable to blow over. It takes narrower boards in construction, and consequently is less apt to season-crack. Combs are less liable to break down by high temperature. I have seen dozens of hives with Amer- ican frames, where every comb in some cases would collapse at a high temperature, but never one with shallow combs. Combs being shallow, they are easier removed from the hive — you don't need one side of the hive knocked out. Combs being shallower than in square hives, the bees enter the supers more readily. We all know that bees will work above quicker if a one-tier super is used instead of a double-tier, and still a shal- low hive with two tiers of sections is but very little taller than friend Boardman's ; consequently it stands to reason that bet- ter results may be expected from a long, shallow hive than a square one which, in consequence, is taller. — J. R. Markley, in Gleanings. THE ASPINWALL 8UPEB. It is thus described by P. L. Thompson, in Gleanings : " Two sides, the rods connecting them, and the separators, are all there is of the super. The separators are turned to a right angle at the bottom, and have insets corresponding to those in the sections. The distinctive feature, which makes possible this simplicity, is the four round sticks which are used when the super is being filled, and afterward withdrawn. These pass through holes in the ends of the side-boards, and keep the sections to their proper place lengthwise until screwed up by the thumbscrews on the rods, while giving ample play for inserting the fourth section in each row. When the sections are all in, they can be temporarily wedged at the ends with a strip of the proper thickness, to keep them square until fastened. A flat board is then laid on top, to which a little pressure is applied, and the thumbscrews are tightened. On removing the board, sticks and wedge, the result is a homo- geneous and smooth block of sections, which is conducive to cleanliness, as I can testify from having used another super in which the same result is achieved in a different manner." _ CZH^ C^ ^ TEN FRAMES VERSUS EIGHT FRAMES. " ] t j cr~- W. S. Hart says in Gleanings : " I mide a lot of S-frame Langstroth hives, but found they did not give room enough for brood-rearing in the spring, so I left the top sections (the same size as the bottom sections, but supplied with but seven frames) on the year round, and put on extra ones during the honey-flow. This arrangement curtailed the swarming im- pulse to some extent, but there was a good deal of unneces- sary work to be done, and the second-story combs had about as much brood and pollen in them as those of the body of the hive. I would occasionally find brood in every frame, except the outside ones, and, sometimes, some even in them in both stories. This left me no clean, bright combs in the two-story hive for surplus honey, and no room for storing without a third story — a hand-to-mouth condition that I do not want in my apiary at any time. I concluded that there was little danger of getting hives too large, so I made 10-frame hives for the Langstroth frame, and with top sections on the year round, and used them side by side with the 8-frame hives for some years. Through what seemed to me indisputable proofs of their superiority, I was led to increase the number of the 10-frame hives, while the 8-frame hives have gradually found their way to the attic of my honey-house, where now all but one are nicely tiered up awaiting a purchaser in some one who prefers a small hive. "The reason I did not adopt a 12-frame hive is that they are too heavy for one man to handle. When Mr. Olaf Olsen came to this country he asked my opinion as to the best size of hive, and I told him that, except for the awkwardness in handling, I preferred the 12-frame. He made a few of that size, to test my conclusions, and from them secured some as- tonishing yields." WHICH WAY SHOULD HIVES FACE ? Question. — Should a hive face north or south? Would east or west be preferable to either '? Answer. — Nearly all bee-keepers agree that a hive should never face north of an east-and-west line, the majority favor- ing a southerly direction. The reason given for this is, that the morning sun entices the bees out to work earlier in the day, while a northern exposure keeps them in later, and in winter is almost sure to result in the loss of the colony in northern latitudes, from our rigorous north winds blowing in at the entrance, and the confinement of the bees, caused by the entrance being in the shade on mild, sunshiny days, when the bees in hives facing south fly freely. In southern latitudes it might not make much difference which way hives face ; still, I have the impression that even in Florida and Texas the most of the hives are faced as a'bove. — Doolittle, in Gleanings. EARLY SWARMING AND SWARMING OUT. Editor Root describes a condition of things that I suspect is not confined to Medina. At any rate, in this region bees seem to make preparation for swarming without any reasonable justification. He says : "Although there has been very little honey coming in, our bees have swarmed earlier than usual. They swarmed out, notwithstanding there is plenty of room for the queens, and for the bees to store honey. The only reason the apiarist and I can assign for this is the extremely hot weather that made the bees think other quarters might be more desirable." DO WE WANT THE APIS DORSATA ? In our previous issue appears a petition having in view the importation of the Apis dorsata, from India. The editor of the American Bee Journal does not seem to "tumble "to the idea, believing that, if the government has any money to expend in that way, it would be better if applied in developing the known good races we have. Another writer thinks such bees could not be domesticated in a cold climate, and that they would not take kindly to hives, and they would not breed with our common kinds. He fears, furthermore, that, even if successfully introduced, they might increase so as to utterly run out the smaller bees, just as the miserable English spar- row has encroached so much on our useful birds — giving us in his own person nothing pretty, good to eat, nor pleasant to listen to. If my own enthusiasm for the Apis dorsata is not up to the boiling-point it is because I do not think it would pay for the trouble, even though they might not prove to be a nuisance. — Gleanings. THE UNION OF THE BEE-KEEPERS' UNION AND THE NORTH AMERICAN. The editor of Gleanings says : "I have long thought it would be a good idea to merge the Union and the North Amer- ican Into one society ; and I am glad that Brother Hutchinson has set the ball a-rolling. Then the North American could offer substantial advantages for becoming members of the same. While it would have its annual meetings as before, the fraternal handshakes, etc., the members would be entitled to protection from unjust legislation, and perhaps from swindles of all kinds. I do not know that I am prepared to say just yet that such a merging of the two societies would be wise ; but I think the matter should have the earnest and careful consideration of bee-keepers. It is a good time now to discuss it, preparatory to the meeting that is to be held in Toronto." Xhat !\ew Song— " Queenie Jeanette"— which is being sung everywhere, we can send you for 40 cents, postpaid, or club it with the American Bee Journal for one year— both for only $1.10. Or, send us one new subscriber for a year (with *1.00), and we will mail you a copy of the song free. 482 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. \fuly 4, -notice- To Bee - Keepers and Dealers. I have one of the largest Factories 1q the West, devoted entirely to the manufacture of Bee-Keepers' Supplies. Having made arrangements with the in- ventor to manufacture the " Hlj^grinsville Hive-Cover," I will place It on all hives sent out this year, unless otherwise ordered. Write at once for large illustrated Cata- logue for 3 895. giving full description and prices of Higginsville Hive -Covers, Dove- tailed Hives. Sections, Frames. Supers. Foun- dation, Crates, Boxes* Smokers, Extractors, etc. Write for prices on large quantities, E. L. Kincaid, Walker, Vernon Co., No. Mention the A-incrlcan Bee Jourtial. California ¥ It you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers, Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the PaclBc Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated, $2.40 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL PRESS, 220 Market St„ - SAN FRANCISCO. CAL. BEGINNERS. Beginners should have a copy of the Amateur Bee-Keeper, a TO-pag-e book by Prof. J. W. Rouse. Price 25 cents; if sent by mall, 28c. The little book and the Progressive Bee-Keeper (a live, pro- gressive 28-page monthly journal) one year, 65o. Address any flrst-class dealer, or LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo. APIARIAN SUPPLIES X??^at^e?,=B^l Keeper "—how to manage bees, etc.— 25 cts. The '* Model Coop." for hen and her brood Wyandotte, Langshan and Leghorn Eggs foi hatching. Cat. free, but state what you want J.W. BOUSE & CO., Mexico, Mo. ^ BIG DROPS of water has made the vegetation. Now the sun shines — the Honey wells up — the Bees gather it, and every Bee-Keeper should have all needed Supplies at once. Catalogue Free. Tlios. G. Kewman, 147 South Western Ave. CHICAGO, Il.Ii. ONE-PIECE SECTIONS-CHEAP ! In Order to Reduce Our Stock, W^e Offer No. 1 CREAM SECTIONS -4i4x4i4x7-to-ft.: 1%, 17s. 1 15-16 and 2 inch : 1000 for »1. 50. 5000 at $1.40 per M. 10,000 at $1.35 per M. No. 1 WHITE SECTIONS — 5^x6^x2, open on two 5Ji Bides : 1000 for $2.50. 5000 at $2.35 per M. 10,000 at $2.25 per M. G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis. A NEW DEPARTURE! SP\i i Have cot Tliey are ; concluded to let every new customer have one those hardy, gentle, prolific Northern-bred Queens— ntested, either (iray Cariiiolaus or Golden Ital- >iii». for 50 cents. Don't fail to try our Carnlolane. They are a wonderful race of Bees, superior to all oth- ers in many ways. We never saw foul brood or bee-paralysis. Untested Queen _L>escri/>t /i^G- J-*j*ic'0-/^ist -Free 1.50 75c. : 6 for $4. 27D2t F. A. LOCKHART & CO., LAKE GEORGE, N. Y. jf#^ Be sure to mention the American Bee Journal when you write. ,„^[ SMOKERS : MiVES Send for Circulars and Prices, to T. F. BINGHAM, ABRONIA, MICH. 23Atf Please mention the llee Journal. NlJCtEUS Colonies. Italian Queens, Bee- Supplies. G. M. Whltford, ArlinfTton. Neb 24A4t liLention the Ameriean Bee Jounuiu PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION Mas No Sag in Brood-Frames Thin Flat-i;ottom FoiiiidatioD Has Ho Fishbone in ttii:' Suriilus Uon«f . BelDK the cleanest Is usually worked the quickest of any Foundation made J. VAN DEITSEN & SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Sprout Brook MoDtffomery Co.. N. T. Me7iti07h the A.inerlcan Bee Jounuu, Qerjeral \icn)s. "Good Old Times" Here. I am happy to say the " good old times " have come again. Oh, what a honey-flow ! Every thing is full and running over, and basswood, sumac and sweet clover not out yet. It appears every flower has honey in it in great abundance this spring ; and as yet very little swarming— in fact, I have not had a swarm in June. But my May swarms are working in the sections. Bass- wood and sumac promises exceedingly well. The limbs of the basswood trees are bend- ing with the weight of the buds. The weather is favorable. Chauncet RETNOLns. Fremont, Ohio. June 21. Spraying Blooming Fruit-Trees. I came near losing all my bees, as my neighbors took to sprinkling the apple-trees when in full bloom. They say they have a right to spray their trees any time they like. They sprayed their trees when the bees were thick in them. But the next night came a hard freeze and killed every blossom — apple, plum, and cherry — so we shall have no fruit this year. If people are allowed to spray so, I may as well give up bees entirely, as it will be no good, for the bees cannot be shut up. If there is any way to stop neighbors from poisoning or spraying their trees when in full bloom, please let me know. Geo. Hodges. Belmont, N. Y., June 4. [While there is not the least excuse for spraying trees before the blossoms have fallen, it cannot be made compulsory until there is a law enacted on the subject. Bet- ter agitate for a State law, if it is too big a job to educate your neighbors by other means.— Editor. 1 A Young Bee-Keeper's Letter. Our bees wintered well, but this will be a poor year for them unless we get a good crop of fall honey, and that is doubtful. Nearly all the basswood blossoms fell off. Fruit-bloom did not amount to much. There is some white clover, but if it does not rain soon it will dry up. The bees get a little hcney and pollen now and then ; the honey comes from red raspberry bloom. We moved 20 colonies of bees in May. We put the hayrack on the wagon, and put three or four forkfuls of hay on. Then we stacked the hives on it, the entrances facing the center; we did not close them, because it was so warm we thought the bees would smother. We hauled the 20 colonies in one load a distance of about three miles. When we got about a quarter of a mile on our way home, nearly all the hives were black with bees. When we reached home they were nearly all back in the hives again. We have three kind of hives now; one holds eight frames, one nine, and the other ten. We like the nine-frame the best. I do not think our bees will swarm much this year. We have had a dozen swarms so far. Our supers hold 28 sections, making seven rows of sections in each super. In 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 433 QUEENS ! Now ready by return mail, reared la full col- onies from the best honey-gathering strains in America, at the following very low prices: , Tested each $1.50 per i4 dozen 8.00 Warranted purely-mated each .75 per Vi dozen 4.3o per dozen -- 8.00 If you want Queens for bufcliiess, get my old reliable strain. 40-p. descriptive Catalog Free. W. «'. CARY, Colralu, Mass. 27Att Mention the American Bee Journal. .-j-^~^ ONE MAN WITH THE (^^^ UNION <=°-|--'°'- V^r I"^'^^SSi an do the work of four men using hand tools, in Kipping, Cutting-off, Mi- tring, Kabbeting, Groov- ing, Gaining, Dadoing. Bdging-up, Jointing Stuff, etc. Full Line of Foot and Hand Power Machinery. Sold on Trial. CatalogQf. Free. SENECA FAI.I.S MFG. CO., 46 Water St.. SENECA FALLS. N. Y 2TD1 2 Mention the American Bee Journal. HONEY QUEENS'. Have been carefully bred for producing comb honey tor the past 18 years, and by a special method for producing large, long-lived, pro- liflc Queens. Can furnish either 3 or 5 Band- ed stock, bred in separate yards. 3-Bandfcd bred from my own or Imported Mother. No foul brood or paralysis. Warranted Queens. purely mated. 60 cts.: Tested, $1.00; Selected Breeders, J2.30. Discount on quantities. 27Atf J. H. GOOD, Nappanee, Ind. Mention the Ama-UMU Bee JoumaZ, The American ■RAW HIV STI ^ Latest and Best, ^b Perfectly adapted to Modern Bee Culture. Illustrated OircaUt Freo. HAYCK BROS., QUINCY, ILL. Please mention the Bee Journal. the center row of each super we put pieces of comb tor starters instead o£ the other foundation. The bees seem to start to work in the sections quicker with such baits. We have a shade for all of our hives, made out of common pine-boards. They keep the hives and covers from warping, besides giving the bees a lot of shade. Quite a lot of sumac grows around here, but it was frozen black this year. The leaves have all grown out full size again, and some of them have small buds, so I think they will bloom again. Fruit will be quite scarce in this part of the country, as it was nearly all killed by the frost. Some places on high ground it was not damaged much. The red raspberry blossoms seem to yield quite a bit of honey here. It blooms for such a long time. My bees have not swarmed yet this year, but they seem to be quite strong. Chas. D. Handel. Savanna, 111., June 13. (|ueeiis and Nuclei ! Untested Italian Queens, by return mail. 75c; Tested. $1.00; Select Tested. $1.50. Nuclei, by express— per Frame. 73c. Address. C. E. MEAD, ST Artesian Ave., Station D, Chicago, III, TAKE NOTICE! BEFORE placing your orders tor SUP- PLIES, write for prices on 1-Pieee Baas wood Sections. Bee-Hives, Shipping -Crates Frames. Foundation. Smokers, etc, S'AGE & LYON MFG. CO. NEW LONDON, WIS. '^I.ention the American Bee JourtiaL Hi^ A r^lr'M-rt 1024 Mississippi St . iTt ACKIIII, St. Paul, Minn. Northwestern Agent For The A. 1. Root Co.'s Apiarian Supplies Bees and Queens For Sale. Italian Queens Warranted Purely Mated. 30 cts. each. Tested. 75 cts., or 2 for $1.00; 12 forSJ.OO Good Breeders. $2.00 each. F. A. CROWELL, 24A5t GRANGER, Fillmore Co..' MINN. Mention the American Bee Jounwl. Send for \ Price-List f 2 1 A17 Mention the American Be Journal Crimson Clover Seed ! ! Having more than I shall sow. I otfer it for sale. It was grown on hard land, is acclima- ted fully. Clean, good seed and Will Groiv. 2 bush., seven dollars ($7.00); 1 bush.. .Ii3.75; H bush.. $2.00; U bush., $1.25. No charge for bags. J. COLBY SMITH, 26A8t WILLOW GROVE. DEL. IMPnQTCn Italian Queens reared this yr., inirUniLU $3.50 each. Tested Queens- Breeders— $1.50 to $2.00 each. 21 A W. C. Frazler. Atlantic, Iowa. WHEN ANSWERrNG THIS AOVEHTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAU Bee-Business in Hard Luck. The bee-business seems to be in hard luck north of the 4',lth parallel. Unless rain comes in a few days, the crop of 1S95 will be a very short one. One thing certain, there will be no basswood— the frost in May cooked it. I hope our brother bee- keepers across the line may be more fortu- nate. I have a few colonies that have con- siderable honey stored in the upper stories. John McArthur. Toronto, Ont., June 17. We No Clover Honey. Not a drop of clover honey here. Clover was all killed by the drouth last year, may get some basswood. W. Z. HUTCHINSOX. Flint, Mich., June 33. "Pears Self-Impotent." This is the heading of an item in Rev. E. T. Abbott's " Notes and Comments " in the Bee Journal for May 30, in which he says that the bee-keepers of the country owe " Special Agent ■' Waite a vote of thanks for producing such a valuable addition to the literature of this important subject. If Mr. Abbott, or Mr. Waite, will come to this part of the country I will show them a Bartlett pear-tree with pears on it that stands fully half a mile from any other pear-tree that has ever bloomed. If Bart- lett pollen is impotent, what fertilized that pear-tree ? This tree is a living witness to the unreliability of all experiments that are made by covering fruit-bloom and at- tempting fertilization by artificial means. Muscatine, Iowa. W. S. Fultz. Bees All Right Again. Everything in regard to my bees is in first-class shape. The trouble mentioned on page 378, left the bees the Wednesday fol- lowing the Sunday that they were taken so badly. Their flight was southwest in the time of their trouble, towards a large mar- ket garden. They changed Tuesday after- noon to southeast, and everything is all right. I have three large swarms, and one after-swarm. I had some trouble with my Promptness Is What Counts ! Honey - Jars. Shipping - Cases, and ev- erything that bee-keepers use. Koot'B Goods at Root's Prices, and the best shipping point in the country. Dealer in Honey and Beeswax. Cata- irMTsr.Ave.WalterS. Ponder INDIANAPOLIS, IND. Ready to Mail ! ^T" Untested Italian Queens are now ready to mail. Price, $1.00 each ; six for $5.00; twelve for $9.00. 23A5t Fallbrook, Calif. Meiition the American Bee Journal. SENSATION OF DROWNING. Some people contend thatit'squite pleasant, but you will notice they keep up a vigorous kicking, and struggling to get out and will even "grasp atstraws." It is the same way with those who make or sell wire fence without elasticity. They try to appear hnppy but flop from one scheme to anotliur. Afti'r being swept under by a big coiled spring wave, they come up spluttering "can swim as well as the Page." End springs and ratcliots are the "straws" that deceive the in. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich. Mention the American Bee Journal. ^^ Either 3 or 5 Band- ■ ■ _ _ .». .^. .A ^ ed, 75c. each; 6 for ■ ■■lOuilO ^-''-°' ^>^<> °>^ ■^ |ll|r!rrll^ trial. I can please U U IJ U I I O vou. Catalog free. w wa «r w^ ■ ■ -v ^j^^^ jj xUies, 24Aif Steeleville, Randolph Co,, III. Mention the American Bee Journal THROIIT AND LUNG DISEASES, DR. PEIRO. Specialist Offices: 1019, 100 State St., CHICAGO. Hours 9 to 4. Golden Italian Queens, 60 Cts.! Special Terms and- — Circular Free. J. F. Micliael, Greenville, Ohio. 35A4t Please mention the Bee Journal. GOLDEN QUEENS Tl * m««w-A:M Mv Bees are bred From. Texas. Fo. Business, as well as lor Beauty and Gentleness. pw' Safe arrival and reasonable satisfac- tion guaranteed. Write for Price-List. Untested, 73c— IVarranfed, $1. J. D. 6IVENS, ^^^^?^'TEx. 10A26 Mention the American Bee Journal. Itiii for this size of the American Bee Journal we can furnish for 75 cents each, postpaid; or we will club it with the Bee Journal for a year— both for 451. 60. We have a few of the old size (6x11) Binders left, that we will mail for only 40 cents each, to close them out. 434 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 4, Honey & Beeswax Market Qnotations. CHICAGO, Ir,i.., June T.— We have our usual dull season which we look forward to and ex- pect. Honey is entirely forgotten durlofr the months of June. July and August. The mar- ket Is pretty well cleaned up of all grades of boney. so the pr-ospects are encouraging for the coming season. We are getting l3@14c. for light comb. J. A. L. KANSAS ClTr, Mo.. June 19.— Supply and demand Is light. Wequote: No. 1 white, 1- Ibs.. 13@14c.; No. 2 white. 12@13c. ; No. 1 amber. ll@12c. ; No. 2 amber. 8@10c. Ex- tracted, white, 7c.; amber, 6c.; dark, 5c, Beeswax. 22c. C. C. C. Jc Co. CINCINNATI. O.. June 18.— Nothing new since our last. There is a fair demand lor ex- tracted honey at 4@7c. Comb honey Is in slow demand at 12@14c. for best white. Beeswax is in good demand at25@31c. for good to choice yellow. C. F. M. & S. CHICAGO. ILI,., May 23. — The trade in comb honey is very light at this time of the year— as it is between seasons. Soon we will get the new crop, and it will come on a bare market. Just now what little comb sells brings 14c. for the best grades. Extracted, 5'/4@7c, AH good grades of beeswax, 30c. R. A. B. & Co, PHILADELPHIA. Pa.. June 18.— The new crop of comb honey is arriving slowly, and is in fair demand. No new extracted honey has arrived in this market as yet. We quote: Comb honey, OgilSc. Extracted, 4V5®6c. Beeswax is still declining. The adulteration of beeswax has demoralized our market this spring, and has hurt our sales considerable. Price, 2o@27c. W. A. S. NEW YORK, N. Y., May 24.— W'hite comb honey is well cleaned up. Considerable buck- wheat remains on the market, and, as the Sea- son is about over, some of it will have to lie carried over. Extracted is doing fairly well, ■with plenty of supply to meet the demand. New southern is arriving quite freely. We quote: Extracted, white, 6@fiJ4C.; amber, .5 @o!^c. Southern, common, 4o@o0c. per gal- lon; choice, 60@65c. While beeswax holds Arm at 31@32c., we think it has reached top market and do not expect it to go higher. H. B. & S. PTH'S HONET EZTBACTOB PERFECTION Gold-Blast Smokem, Square Glass Honey Jars, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Moth & Son. Cor. Freeman He Central Avea., Cincinnati, O. Send lOo tor Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers. Mention the A.merlcan Bee Soum/i^^ List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers, Most of whom Quote In this Journal. Cblcago, Ills. J, A, LAMON, 43 South Water St. R. A. BCRNETT & Co„ 163 South Water Street. New York, N. V. F. I. Sage & Son, 183 Reade Street. HiLDRETH Bros, & Segelken, 120 & 122 West Broadway, Cbas. Israel 7e ami ioivest Prices, KASTLER AND IRVING, 237 Blue Island Ave., 26A4t Cliicaso, Ills. MentUyn, fhe American Bee J Lewis Co.. Watertown. Wis. James Reynolds Elevator Co., Poughlieepsi©. N Y. Page & Lyon. New London, Wis. X-a. Bee-Keepers' Supply Co., Donaldsonville, La. E. F. Quigley, Uniunville. Mo. I G. K. Hubbard. Fort Wavne. Ind. L. Hanssen, Davenport, Iowa. C. TlieiImann,Theilmanton, Minn. E. C. Eaglesfield, Berlin, Wis. Waller 8. Pouder. Indianapolis, Ind E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph. Mo. J. M. Jenkins, Wetumpka, Alabama Jonu Key. Bast Saginaw. Mich. J. W. Bittenbender. Knoxville, Iowa. Vickerv Bros., Evansville, Ind. Mrs. Jennie Atchley, Beeville, Texas. Is not such a steady trade a proof of real merit in the ^oods we sell ? We also make a specialty of Veils and "Veil Stuffy of best quality. Beeswax Wanted at All Times. Bee-keepers' Supplies, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails, etc. Saiuples Of Foun> datiou and Xulle FREE with circular. Instructions to beginners with circular. Send us your address. CHAS, Mention tlie American Bee Journal. DADAIMT & SON, HAMIIiTOIf, Hancock Co., IXJi. C C. MILLER, MAREJ^GO, ILL. [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Ur. Miller direct.! Introducing Queens. 1. Could an Italian queen be successfully introduced to a colony by catching the old queen when the bees are shaken from the hive, and placing the caged queen over the frames? 2. Could the same method be pursued also in transferring bees by the " driving " process ? F. C. E. Answers. — 1. A queen may be introduced at any time to a colony whose queen has been removed, by putting the new queen in a cage in such condition that the workers will be perhaps iS hours in eating away the candy to let her out. Generally it will be successful, and it would be as likely to succeed at swarming-time as any other time. 2. It can be used at transferring, or any other time. Killing Off the Drones. I have 17 colonies, and drones have been out for about three weeks, but the bees are killing them off just the same as they do in October. What is the cause of it ? They never did so before. W. J. S. Guelph, Ont., June IT. Answer. — If this killing of drones is general with all col- onies, it means that there is a dearth in the provision market, or rather in the nectar market, and when the honey-flow stops tlie economical little creatures conclude they can't afford to support in idleness a lot of useless consumers. Sometimes you may find a single colony killing off its drones when others leave them undisturbed. In this case you will probably find that the colony has reared a young queen, and when she gets to laying, the bees think there is no likelihood of drones being needed for some time. Bees Ventilating — ftueen-Cells at Swarming-Time- Spider-Webs About Hives. 1. Why do the bees stand at the entrance of the hive and keep their wings in constant motion? 2. How many queen-cells are generally built by colonies sending out a swarm ? 3. Is there any way to prevent spiders building about a liive, except by brushing them away whenever they appear ? H. K. H. Answers. —1. Hold the back of your hand down close to them. Cool, isn't it? Blows quite a little breeze. Those bees are " ventilators," and they are making a current of air so that fresh air will get into the hive. It also helps to evapor- ate the nectar or honey. 2. There's no fixed number. It may be three or four, or it may be 40. I read of 170 in one case. I should say, at a rough guess, usually 10 or 12. 3. Probably the best preventive is to have hives so con- structed that there is no lurking place for spiders. Spiders never are troublesome about my hives, nor are they any more so, I suppose, about any plain hive, but a hive with a portico gives a chance for webs to be spun. I've known spiders to build webs under a hive-stand, and they are to be cleared away and grass or other convenience for spiders' webs removed. "I Don't Know" — Swarming. 1. There seems to be only one fault with the Bee Journal, and that is, there are too many " I don't no's " in it, and in a good many places in It says "something must be done," but does not say what. 2. On page 251, some one says, "Bees will swarm and keep swarming " if you cage the queen. I must be in the dark, for I supposed if the queen did not accompany them, they would return. Can you enlighten me? F. H. B. Answers. — 1. Yes, it's a pity that "I don't know" oc- curs so often, but I don't know any way to avoid saying " I don't know" when you don't know something you're asked about, do you ? I don't know that it would make it any bet- ter to stop saying " I don't know," and pretend to know when you don't. I don't see the use, either, in saying " something must be done," if no one knows what is to be done. 2. The statement I made on page 251 is entirely correct, and you are just as correct in supposing that the bees of a swarm would return to the hive if the queen did not accom- pany. The swarm issues, and the excluder at the entrance keeps the queen at home. The bees return, but there's noth- ing to hinder them going again the next day and returning again, and they may keep that up for days. At any rate, that's the way"my bees have acted when the queen was fast- ened in the hive. m I — ^ — Two Queens in a Hive — Queens and Drones Eating. 1. Will bees tolerate more than one fertile queen at a time in a colony ? 2. Can thequeen go to the honey and eat it without the aid of the worker-bee? I mean go to the comb honey in the hive. Also, can the drone eat without being fed by the worker-bees ? I- S. Answers.— 1. As a rule they will not. Every now and then an exception occurs, but usually, if not always, it is a case of mother and daughter, the aged mother remaining for a time after the daughter has assumed the duty of egg-laying. 2. The queen can and does help herself whenever occa- sion requires, but during the busy time of egg-laying I'm not sure that she ever does so. The workers may be seen con- stantly offering her food, and this food is prepared so that she doesn't have much digesting to do. If she had to eat un- digested honey and pollen, she could hardly lay the enormous number of eggs she does. As to the drone, I don't know. I do not remember to have seen a drone help himself, although I have often seen workers feeding drones. Dry Weatlier— Stings Have a Bad Effect. This is going to be another bad year, as it is so dry. I wintered S colonies in the cellar, and they did well until after fruit-bloom, and since then they have not made a living. They have not swarmed any yet. To-day they are killing off their drones, so that is a bad show for swarms or honey this year, and if it doesn't soon rain we will have to go to feeding all around here, and there is no fun in keeping bees and getting no honey. I think that I had better go out of the business, for when I get stung it makes me faint away from 15 to 6U minutes, and I am getting very much afraid of being stung. Is there any danger when it affects one that way ? Sometimes I have a chill, and sometimes I get so itchy that I could scratch the skin off. G. R. M. Rockford, 111., June 17. Answer.— As a rule, those who have to do with bees be- come habituated to the stings so that they have little effect. Formerly my son became spotted all over when a bee stung him, itching as you do all over, but he grew accustomed to stings so they did not affect him in that way. I have read of others, however, who did not seem to take so kindly to stings, being no better off after further trial. It stings affected me so badly, and each sting seemed just as bad as the last, I think I should let some one else handle the bees. A Question on Swarming. Your answer through the Bee Journal was thankfully re- ceived a few weeks ago, regarding a colony in a box. I fol- lowed your instructions, by making a smaller box, and took up some of the space inside, something like 750 cubic inches. The bees swarmed June 13, and they clusteredou a small tree for about five minutes, which they left and went back to the hive. They have not swarmed any more. What would be the cause of their going back ? I have a super with 2-4 sec- tions on top of the old box, and the bees seem to be working all right in them. The weight of the old box, or hive, is about 100 pounds, and is boiling over with bees. Aspinwall, Pa., June 21. J. K. E. Answer. — Sometimes the old queen is unable to fly with the swarm, and in that case there's nothing left for the swarm to do but to return to the hive. Generally they do not give up swarming on that account, but try it a day or so later. 442 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 11, Then when a young queen emerges from her cell, the swarm issues with the first young queen, the old queen being put out of the way. Possibly your bees may have swarmed about the date of your writing, for a young queen is usually ready to go with a swarm eight or ten days after the issuing of a prime swarm. Still, the bees sometimes give up swarming, especi- ally if there is a failure in the yield of nectar. Size of Italian Bees— A Queen's Sting. 1. It is an established fact that Italian bees are larger than blacks. Do the Italians rear the young bees in larger cells than the blacks ? If so, when an Italian queen is in- troduced in a hive where all the combs have been built by the black bees, will the bees that hatch out be stunted in size ? And if so, will that defect be overcome after hatching ? 2. I have heard that the queen has a sting shaped some- what like a shoemaker's awl, but without the barbs of the worker-bee's sting. Is this the fact ? Novice. AN.SWER. — 1. I don't know how well established it is that Italians are larger, but I never heard of their being less for being reared in combs made by blacks. A drone reared in a worker-cell is much dwarfed in the process, and he doesn't overcome it after hatching. I've seen workers of very small size that had been reared in cells made small by being squeezed together, and I don't think they ever got any larger. I've seen workers hatch out of drone-cells, but they didn't seem to be any larger than common. 2. A queen's sting is curved instead of being straight like a worker's. But it has barbs. The sheath is more heavily barbed than the worker's, but the darts are nearly free from barbs. Wintering on 8 Frames — Golden Italians. 1. Can a full colony of bees (that is, one large enough to gather a good surplus of honey the following year) be win- tered in the 8-frame lower hive-story of the Langstroth frame size ? 2. What are "golden Italians ?" P. A. Evans, Ky. Answers. — 1. Hundreds of colonies have been wintered in 8-frame hives. Unless closely watched, however, there is more danger that they may run short of stores than in hives holding more frames. 2. Bees with more than three yellow bands, especially those with five bands, are often called "golden Italians." CONDUCTED BY DR. J. P. II. BROWJ^t, jyUGUSTJl, GA. [Please send all questions relating to bee-keeping In the South direct to Dr. Brown, and he will answer In this department.— Ed.] Supers on " Swarms. 1. When a swarm issues, and about three frames of comb and five empty ones are used, would you allow them to go into the upper story, or confine them below ? 2. Would you keep any colony in the lower story when sections are used, or give free access? Hurrah for the " Southern Department !" It is just what " we beginners need." J. J. W. An.swer. — 1 and 2. I would confine them to the lower story for three or four days until they get fully settled down to work, then I would give free access to the super. B''ill your sections at least two-thirds full of foundation, and if they are not over 1% inches wide, it will be very seldom that the queen will go there to deposit eggs. Feeding Tor Winter— Direction of Fliglit of Ab- sucondinK Sivarnis. 1. When is the best time to begin to feed weak colonies for winter — before the honey-Pow stops, or not till after? 2. A man who keeps bees here asked me this question, and I could not answer it : Why do bees, when they swarm and take a notion to leave, go west or southwest? If they go east, or any other direction, they don't go far — not over 3i mile. 1 have followed them for miles when they went west, and couldn't find them. S. L. D. St. Leo, W. Va. Answers. — 1. It is best to get weak colonies strong in bees and stores before winter; but if you cannot, then do the feeding after the fall flow; and feed as fast as they can take it up. 2. I think when they wish to "change base," they pay no attention to the "points of the compass," but to the acces- sibility of the woods or forest without reference to north, south, east or west. This has been my observation. Drones and 5-Banded Bees — Wiring Frames. 1. When a queen-excluder is used, and brood-frames in the upper story, would you cut out all of the drone-comb ? 2. Is there any queen that rears bees that will show all five bands, and no others? B. Should a drone-trap be used to catch all drones when not swarming ? 4. I wire my frames with the common six-strand clothes' wire separated — is it good or not? J. J. W. Answers. — 1. I would cut it out. 2. To answer this question in the a£6rmative is to exact more of the poor queen than she can do. There may be some rearers of 5-banded bees that would "cuss," otherwise. 3. If you rear queens and desire them purely fertilized, all objectionable drones should be caught ; but in a large apiary some drones should always be preserved to fertilize queens in case the bee-keeper has not surplus fertilized queens at com- mand, for very often a queen may meet with some mishap, and unless she can be replaced, the colony will be lost. 4. Such wire is too thick. Number 28 to 30, Brown & Sharp's guage, tinned wire is best. Liatc Drones — Bee-Forage — Transferring. 1. I want to rear some queens next fall to introduce to some of my black colonies. How can I rear drones so late, say in September, after all the black drones are killed ? 2. I have bought a farm. What is the best forage-plant for me to sow for the bees to get honey from ? 8. I had two swarms to issue the other day at about the same time. Both tried to cluster together, and I covered one up, and the other went back to the box-hive ; since then I have found four queens dead in front of the hive. What made them do that way ? Would you transfer it yet, or is it too late? C. R. R. Harden Station, N. C, May 23. Answers. — 1. It is very difBcuItto get bees to rear drones in the fall. Select a strong colony with an old queen, and place three or four frames containing both drone and worker- comb in the brood-nest, and then feed three or four ounces of sugar syrup regularly every evening to stimulate the queen. This should be done in July and August. The combs must be carefully watched, and as soon as drone-eggs are laid, the comb containing them must be removed to a queenless colony for rearing and keeping, as it would not be safe to allow them to remain with the old colony, for bees sometimes are liable to change their notions. 2. Try Alsike, melilot, white clover, etc. 3. They concluded to give up swarming, and destroyed all extra queens. It is not too late to transfer, if you do it where robbers can't get at you, but you must see that they have sufficient stores. The " Trial Trip " Offer of the Bee Journal to those not subscribers — 10 weeks for 10 cents — will be with- drawn July 15. This is positive. It is hoped that all who have taken advantage of our liberal " short term " offer will so appreciate the Bee Journal as to subscribe for a year at the expiration of their lO weeks. Remember, the time for send- ing in names on the 10-weeks-for-lO-cents ofiFer, expires July 15. I trust those who subscribe for a " trial trip" for their friends, will be able to secure them as regular subscribers, and thus earn some of the premiums offered in the Bee Journal for such work. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 443 /Vtrjot^g tl;)e Bee-Papers Gleaiiev Song — " Queenie Jeanette"— which is being sung everywhere, we can send you for 40 cents, postpaid, or club it with the American Bee Journal for one year — both for only $1.10. Or, send us one new subscriber for a year (with $1.00), and we will mail you a copy of the song free.^cZJ C . ■ . 444 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Julyll, CVoori^-e W, YnrU, - - Editar, I'UBMSIIED WEEKLY UV GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, 66 Firtli Avenue. - - CHICAGO, IKf.. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. [Entered at the Post-Office at Chicago as Second-Class Mall-Matter.J Vol. fflV. CEICA&O, ILL, JDLY 11, 1895. No, 28, Editorial Budget* Mr. Clias. E. Parks, the Secretary and Treasurer of the well-known bee-supply firm of G. B. Lewis Co., Water- town, Wis., died July 1, after an illness of several months. His death will cause no change in the management of the business of the firm with which he was so prominently con- nected. I hope to give a more extended notice later. "Foul Brood— Its Cause and Cure," is a Special Bulletin issued by the New Jersey State Board of Agriculture for the benefit of bee-keepers residing in that State. It may be had by addressing Franklin Dye, Secretary of the Board, Trenton, N. J. It consists of an article on the subject named, by Mr. Wm. McEvoy, the successful Ontario Foul Brood In- spector ; to which is added a page or so of Dr. Howard's book on foul brood. It is a credit to all concerned in getting it up. -*-'->• A Better Bee-Keepers' Organization in this country is one of the greatest necessities, and in which all should be interested. Mr. Hutchinson expects to devote the July Review to a discussion of this subject, and in the June number he leads off with a very excellent editorial as an in- troduction to what may be expected in the July number. As Bro. H. states the case so clearly, I think I can do no better than to reproduce his editorial entire, though it be a trifle long. It reads as follows : BETTEE ORGANIZATION NEEDED AMONG BEE-KEEPERS. Two articles in this issue of the Review, those of Messrs. Case and Marks, touch upon the matter of organization, and what it may accomplish. The topic is not a new one. Bee- keepers have long recognized the necessity for better and more thorough organization. It has long been deplored that the North American is not a representative body, and many are the schemes that have been devised for bringing about this most devoutly to be wished for consummation, but so far they have come to naught. The sending of delegates from the county societies to the Slate societies, and from the States to the North American is not possible on account of the expense. Perhaps the expense would be borne if there were sufficient incentive, such, for instance, as there is in politics. But political organizations are conducted upon a different basis, and with different ends in view than is the case with apicul- tural organizations. The half a dozen, or dozen, members of a county society do not feel like going down into their individ- ual pockets and paying t^l.OU each to send one of their mem- bers to the meeting of the State Society. There is a feeling that the delegate is a favored man (and be is) ; that he is going to the State meeting at their expense, and that no bene- fit will come to thein from his attendance. And there would be no direct benefit. A prosperous and powerful State organization of bee- keepers is a benefit to the bee-keepers of that State, and a national organization of this character is a national benefit, and a local bee-keeper who helps to build up a local society that sends its delegate to the State society, that in its turn contributes to the prosperity of a national organization, in- directly receives a benefit for the money and time so spent; but said benefits seem so far away in the dim and misty future, while the hard-earned dollar resting so snugly in the pocket seems too near and tangible to be parted with. Having the local societies auxiliary to State societies, and the latter auxiliary to the North American is the plan that has always been proposed, and always failed — failed, I think, for the reason that I have given. Except in an indirect way the North American has nothing to give in return for the support that might come from the State societies, and the latter have nothing to give in return to local societies for send- ing delegates. In mutual insurance companies, and other similar orders, each " lodge " is dependent upon the others, and all upon the grand "lodge" for existence; there is a direct, tangible motive for the building up of other "lodges," and a general support of the "order." There is a certain amount of selfishness in human nature that must be recognized in all successful attempts at organiza- tion. A man does not use his money, time and influence in perfecting and building up an organization, unless there is at least a hope that he may reap some reward. One reason why the Bee-Keepers' Union has met with the success that it has, is because each member is privileged. to call for help should he at any time suffer persecution. It is true that this was not the only motive. Professional pride, sympathy for a brother in trouble, a natural resentment against persecution, and a knowledge that such an organization would work to the good of bee-keeping in general, all had their weight, but would not have been sufficient in many instances. There was needed a personal, selfish interest. The primary object of apicultural conventions is supposed to be that of discussing subjects pertaining to bee-keeping with a view to improvement. So thoroughly have the journals done their work, that, especially with leading bee-keepers, this motive for meeting is not a very strong one. The leading motive now is the social feature — to see the " boys," and have a good time. To bring about a strong, efficient national organization of bee-keepers, every possible obstacle and cost should be re- moved, and every possible motive appealed to as an induce- ment for giving it support. For these reasons I think it would be better if the North American and the Bee-Keepers' Union were merged into one society. As it now is, the members and officers of the Union never hold any meetings. All discussions are made in the journals, or by mail, and all voting is done by mail. To the plan of voting by mail, I see no objections, but I do think it would be an advantage if the officers and leading members, or as many as wish to attend, could meet in conven- tion once a year and discuss ways and means face to face. When there was a change made in its constitution three years ago, the subject was first discussed in the journals, then con- tinued in a meeting of the North American where certain changes were recommended and finally adopted by the Union, a decision being arrived at by means of a vote made by mail. The object of the North American is to meet socially and discuss apiarian topics for mutual improvement. The primary object of the Union was to defend its members against perse- cution, but its constitution has now been changed so that money may be used for any purpose thought advisable by the Board. I see no reason why these two national societies should not join forces, making oue grand organization endowed with the characteristics now possessed by both. There could be the grand rally each year in a convention the same as is now enjoyed by the North American, the same class of topics discussed, and, in addition, there could be the free face to face discussion regarding that class of issues with which the Union has to deal. I think that it would be well to retain the name, North American Bee-Keepers' Association. I would also sug- gest that there be a President, 1st and 2nd Vice-Presidents, a Secretary and a Treasurer, and that these officers constitute the Executive Board. In addition to the duties that now de- volve upon the Secretary of the North American, I would have him lake up also those now performed by the General Manager>Df the Union. That is, if the two organizations were combined, I would have the combined duties of both executive officers performed by one man, and the society should have sufficient members so that the Secretary-Manager could de- vote a large share, if not the whole, of his time to the per- formance of these duties. It would seem that all of the bee- keepers in this great and glorious country could keep one man profitably employed in thus looking after their interests. There are many things, aside from those already done by 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 445 the Union and the North American, that might be done by such an organization with an efficient executive officer at its head, and money in its treasury. The feature mentioned by Mr. Case is a case in point, viz.: that of looliing after and re- porting swindlers. I don't l^now as the constitution of the, present Union would need any change to allow such work be- ing done. Two or three times the Review has exposed some swindler, but this was not done until numerous complaints had been received, and considerable time had elapsed. To call a man a swindler because one man said so would often lead to unjust accusations. When an apparently just com- plaint is made, the Union could make a thorough investiga- tion, more thorough than one man could afford to make. As Mr. Case says, a man would " brace up," and do the fair thing by his customers when he found that his unsatisfactory methods were likely to be published to the members of the North American. I frequently receive complaints of fraud, unfairness, and unsatisfactory methods of conducting busi- ness, but before publishing anything of this character, a pub- lisher must have absolute proof of the correctness of such statements. To secure such proof is often too much trouble and expense for one man to bear. Perhaps something might be done in the way of helping bee-keepers to secure better prices for their honey, or to mar- ket it in a more satisfactory manner. Fruit exchanges have helped the peach growers of New Jersey, and the orange growers of California, and it is possible that something in this line might be done by honey-producers if they were suffi- ciently organized. All such questions as these would, of course, come up in convention. There is much more that might be said on this subject, but the foregoing is sufficient to start the discussion. W. Z. Hutchinson. Right along this line, the following article written for Gleanings by Dr. C. C. Miller, in April, is very appropriate ; BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCUATIONS IN GERMA.NT — WHY THEIR MEM- BERSHIPS ARE 80 LARGE. I have a letter which I esteem very highly, not only be- cause it clears up a matter concerning which I have for a long time been curious — the reason why the Germans have such large bee-conventions — but also because it comes from one whom I am proud to number among my friends, the able edi- tor of the Deutsche Illustrierte Bienenzeitung (German Illus- trated Bee Journal), who is already well known to the Ameri- can bee-readers. I wish I could show to all of you his writing. Although past his threescore and ten, the address on the en- velope would easily be taken for copper-plate. Although his letters are in the German language, in pity for my lack of familiarity therewith he never uses German script, but plain English letters, so his writing is read as easily as the printed page. But here's his letter, which loses by translation : My experience agrees with yours in the matters you mention, except in the case in which you saw a queen kill a worker. To balance that. I once had a young queen sting me, which I had taken out of an after-swarm, and held in my closed hand. The sting did not remain in the flesh, and it was less painful than that of a worker. Since then I have had in my hand thousands of queens young and old, but have never again been stung by one. I have read in Gleanings of Jan. 1 your statement concerning the number of members of the German Central Association, as also the remark of Ernest Root. Now I will impart to you the secret why it happens that the Centralverein (Central Association) has such a large membership, and if you wish you can betray the secret to Ernest. In thickly populated Germany there are ministers and teachers who form about them little Vereine (societies or associations) whose members generally meet monthly or quarterly. Every one who has bees, even it only a couple of colonies, allows himself to be enrolled, without attending each meeting that is appointed. These small Vereine obtain at a very low price one of the reason- able bee-journals, as the Centralblatt or Leipziger Bienenzeitung for 1 mark ('.i.5 cents), or 05 pfennig (about 13 cents) a year. Many of these small Vereine have their own bee-journals, which then cost more, but never more than 50 cents. These small Vereine (Special-Vereine) are united to the Central vereine of the different provinces or small States. For example, the Mark, my province of the kingdom of Prussia, the Markische Centralvereine consists of 77 Specialvereine, with 1„539 members, who, in the fall of 1S94, put into winter quarters 15,000 colonies. Now comes, however, the principal thing, which explains all. All the Centralvereine receive a grant or allowance from the gov- ernment yearly, and all the members share alike in this grant. Whoever is not in a Verein has no share in the money which the government grants yearly. Many of the Centralvereine receive so large an allowance that they deliver to their members one or more bee-journals free. At the large conventions, where all the Centralvereine come together, extra money comes from the government, and even from private sources, from which premiums are offered, transpor- tation paid on objects for exhibition, and often free railway pass- age, as well as payment for articles damaged or lost in transit. In Vienna it went even so far that the members had their common meals, including wine, free. "There's the rub," says Hamlet! Whoever is not a member of a Verein must wipe his mouth — that is, he gets nothing of all this. I once traveled to a convention of this kind with a man who admitted that he no longer kept bees, but had himself enrolled in a Vereine, and paid his dues of 30 cents, for which he received the bee-journal and the opportunity of visiting strange places. In our deliberations at Kiel he too.k no part, but probably in all the favors, visit to the museum, man-of-war, etc. Yes, Friend Miller, you must set all sail to procure such a cement in your States, which will not only secure many members, but also hold them together. Freundlich gruessend, Wilsnack, Germany. C. J. H. Gravenhorst. For one, I feel like giving a vote of thanks for this infor- mation. Just the thing we needed. Now, can anything of the kind be done in this country? The answer has always been that distances are too great, and bee-keepers too scat- tered. Right there is the rock on which we have always split, depending for membership solely on those who could attend the meeting. You will readily see that not all the members attend the German conventions, but the inducements are suf- ficient to make a man keep up his membership, even if he never attended a single meeting. So while our great distances may count against the largest attendance at conventions, it counts for nothing whatever against a large membership. The only thing needed, then, to bring us up on a level with Germany, and, for that matter, with Canada, is to get the grant from the public treasury. I think I hear some one say, " Oh ! there's no use. We can't get anything of the kind." How do you know we can't ? I feel quite sanguine that there's just as much enterprise here as abroad ; and if we go at it in the right way we can get all the help we need. Indeed, something has already been done. The bee-keepers of Illinois succeeded in getting, at least for one year, an ap- propriation of .S500. It was given to the State society, with the express stipulation that it should be used to spread infor- mation— in other words, to publish their report. Good was done by it ; but it had very little effect in the direction of in- creasing membership. Probably a large number had the benefit of the reports who were never members of the society, and, under existing circumstances, never will be. With a large membership it would be much easier to get an appro- priation from the State legislature. Now, suppose the Illinois society rtceives another grant of .S500 ; how would it do for them to profit by the example of their foreign brethren '? I think it could be so managed as to make the society five or ten times as large, and still keep within the restriction that the money must be used for spread- ing information. Let's figure. Suppose the society make arrangements to furnish free to its members a bee-journal, and on any one of them it could probably get special rates so that, at the highest, it would pay not more than 80 cents per copy, the journal publishing in full the society's report. Now, suppose the membership-fee be placed at 25 or -jO cents. Does any one doubt that a large number would be induced to join who are not now members, and many who now take no bee-paper would do so by paying to the society less than the regular subscription price of the paper, without saying any- thing about the privilege of membership ? Let's see how the thing would come out if the annual fee be placed at 25 cents. Allow $50 to be reserved for expen- ses, and we have S'iaO left. Each member pays in 2.5 cents, and the society takes that, and 55 cents more, to make out the SO cents it must pay for his paper. It seems clear that the society can afford to do that just as many times as 55 cents is contained in the .$450. If I figure straight, that would make 818 members. Could not get 818 ? Well, then it could reduce the fee, making it only 10 cents per member, and take in 642 members. There's power in numbers, and I believe the thing to work for lies in that direction. The fact 446 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 11, that such a thing is done in one State will give strong leverage to work upon the legislature of another State. Don't you be- lieve that, if bee-keepers push as they might, in a few years there might be large societies in each State ? Marengo, 111. C. C. Miller. As there is now no grant in sight— the late Illinois legis- lature having failed to allow the usual $500— there seems to be but one thing to do, if a large membership of the North American is ever to be secured. It is this : Consolidate the National Bee-Keepers' Union with the North American Bee- Keepers' Association, as proposed by Bro. Hutchinson, then with the money now in both treasuries, there would be a fund of perhaps .S800 willi which to carry out the plan suggested by Dr. Miller. While the Union has done noble work in behalf of its members and the pursuit in general, I believe that hereafter a continuation of the good work begun by the Union could be had, which would result in the benefits enumerated by Bro. Hutchinson. There is no doubt in my mind, that if we had an organization with only 1,000 members, or even 500, wide- awake bee-keepers, we could petition Congress or State legis- latures in such a way that they would hear and — grant. I do not believe a single member of the Union would ob- ject to the proposed new arrangement, but would gladly wel- come the change now that probably sufficient valuable court decisions have been secured favorable to bee-keeping, that will serve as effective precedents for years to come. But the proposed consolidation, as I understand it, does not contemplate a discontinuance of the defense work of the Union, for the new constitution of the North American already embraces that line of effort through what is termed a " De- fense Committee." This whole subject is of such vital interest to all that I feel it should be thoroughly considered in all the bee-papers from now till the Toronto meeting, so that some definite ac- tion can then be taken. Though I'm a good deal of a German myself, I don't see why we of America should be away behind our brethren over in Germany in the matter of organization, or in anything else. Why not out-do them in the line of a bee-keepers' association ? North America has more bee-keep- ers, I think, and surely ought to have as much enterprise I Ttie McEvoy Foul Brood Xreatment is given in Dr. Howard's pamphlet on " Foul Brood ; Its Natural History and Rational Treatment." It is the latest publication on the subject, and should be in the hands of every bee-keeper. Price, 25 cents ; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year —both for $1.10. Cai^adiai;) Beedon;* Tlie Season of 1§9.5. A bee-keeping friend in Minnesota writes me : "Bees in this vicinity have not stored any surplus as yet; it has been all they could do to get enough to live and breed up. A few swarmed in the first days of June, but have let up again. For the past few days they have worked on white and Alsike clover, but nearly all the clovers were injured or killed last season by drought, and this spring by late frosts. Linden was all killed in May by frosts. We don't expect any white honey this year, but there may be some fall honey." The above would do equally well as a report from Cana- dian beedom, only that we have no prospect of any fall honey, there being but few honey-yielding flowers in the fall. Here the white and Alsike clover heads have a pinched look, and I think there is no nectar in them, for the bees do not seem to visit them at all. As in Minnesota, the linden is all killed, though the trees have produced a second crop of leaves. Dr. Miller asks in a " Stray Straw " June 15 — " Is failure to be our doom another year? June 4, white clover is in full bloom, but bees are doing nothing." Another writer in one of the bee-papers asks : " Is this to be the fourth season of fail- ure ?" Evidently, honey is becoming a very precarious crop, and it looks as if the logic of events will settle the question of specialty. Honey is getting to rank with products to which the proverb applies : " Catch as catch can." The safe place for bee-keeping is as one of the branches of a mi.\ed hus- bandry, the main business of which is either general farming, truck farming, or fruit-growing. The Toronto Industrial Exhibition. This will be held at Toronto, Sept. 2 to 14. In the prize list of the department of " Honey and Apiary Supplies," over .$400 is offered. The committee is composed of Messrs. R. J. Score, Geo. Vair, Jas. Crocker, and R. F. Holtermann. A copy of the complete prize list of the exhibition may be had by ad- dressiug Mr. J. H. Hill, the Manager, Toronto, Ont. Entries close Aug. 10. The premiums offered in the department in which bee- keepers will probably be most interested, are as follows : l6t.2nd.3rd.-ltb. Best and most attractive display of 50 lbs. of extracted granulated clover honey, in glass, quality to count 75 points, display 25 points. $5 $3 $2 $1 Best and most attractive display of 50 lbs. of extracted granulated linden honey, in glass, quality to count 75 points, display 25 points. 5 3 2 1 Best display of 500 lbs. of liquid extracted honey, of which not less than 250 lbs. must be in glass, quality to count 75 points, display 25 points 20 15 10 5 Best 500 lbs. of comb honey in sections, quality as per score card to count 100 points, display 33; total, 133 points 25 20 12 6 Best 12 sections of comb honey, quality to be considered, that is to say, clean sections and best filled 6 3 2 1 Best 100 lbs. of extracted liquid linden honey, in glass, quality to count 75 points, display 25 points S 5 3 — Best 100 lbs. of extracted liquid clover honey, in glass, quality to count 75 points, display 25 points 8 5 3 — Best 10 lbs of extracted liquid clover honey, in glass 4 3 2 1 Best 10 lbs. of extracted liquid linden honey, in glass 4 3 2 1 Best 10 lbs. of extracted liquid buckwheat honey, in glass 4 3 2 1 Best beeswax, not less than 10 lbs 5 3 2 — Best foundation for brood-chamber 3 2 1 — Best foundation for sections •. 3 2 1 — -r, . ■ ,. \ 1. Silver Medal and 810 Best apiarian supplies -^ o. Bronze Medal and .$5 Best and most practical new invention for the apiarist, never shown before at this exhibition 8 5 3 2 Best six varieties of uses to which honey may be put in preparing articles for domestic use, the increase they are likely to make in the demand for honey, quality and originality to be considered 7 5 3 — For the largest, most tasty and neatly arranged exhibit of honey in the apiarian department, all the honey to be the product of the exhibitor {.$25 of this prize is given by the Ontario Bee- Keepers' Association) 30 20 10 — Best display setting forth bee-keeping, the award given for the display which will be of the greatest value as a public educator. Some of ;he points to be illustrated being the natural history of the bee, method of bee- keeping, the magnitude of the industry. Any portion, or all of the foregoing sections, may be included jn the above exhibit, and the arti- cles exhibited need not be the production or manufacture of the exhibitor. (.$25 of this prize is given by R. F. Holtermann, of Brant- ford) 35 25 15 10 To the exhibitor taking the largest number I -. cii„g. Medal of first prizes for honey at this exhibition, . ^ ^^^^^^ jj^^^, 1895 ( The annual convention of the North American Bee-Keep- ers' Association will be held at Toronto during this exhibition, on Sept. 4 to 0. A fuller notice will be given next week. 1895. THE AMERICAT»J BEE JOURNAL. 447 Judging; Honey at Fairs. At the Stratford meetinft of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association last January, the following score card was rec- ommended to be used in judging honey at Fairs : EXTRACTED HONEY. Flavor 35 Body 35 Color 25 General appearance 5 Total 100 COMB HONEY. Flavor -. 30 Sealed Cells 10 Freedom from Pop Holes 10 Absence of travel stain or propolis on wood or comb 10 Evenness of Color of Honey 10 Evenness of Comb (drone or brood) 10 Neatness of Crating 5 Style of Section 5 Total 100 Where display is to be considered as well as quality, it is recommended that display and quality count equally, and that in the consideration of display the following score be employed : Magnitude 35 Originality 15 Neatness and Artistic Design 50 Total 100 mr. Hutcliinson's Second Article politan. in tlie Cosniu- Since the notice which appeared on page 409 of the American Bee Journal was penned, the second and concluding article on "The Pleasant Occupation of Tending Bees " has come to hand in the June number of the Cosmopolitan. It is longer than the first, more practical, and conveys information which even parties who keep bees are not, all of them, famil- iar with. The editor persists in regarding the main popula- tion of a bee-hive as of the male persuasion, and subheads this second installment, "The completed story of the bee and his product." A graphic account of cell-making introduces this second article. It is illustrated by a large picture of a frame of comb foundation which the bees have beguu to draw out. There is also a life-like photogravure of the bees busily at work secret- ing wax and building comb. The festoons of live bees have a most natural appearance, while the bit of comb already built gives a striking air of reality to the picture. The manage- ment of swarms, e.'itracting honey, wintering, arrangement of apiaries, and many other details are gone into with a clear- ness and simplicity that cannot fail to interest and delight the general reader. No fewer than 11 pictures accompany the descriptive matter in this article, the last being a representa- tion of Hon. R. L. Taylor's experimental apiary at Lapeer, Mich, Bee-keepers ought to make these two numbers (May and June) of the Cosmopolitan scarce by buying them up. They will be very useful to show to visitors, as they will explain much of the internal economy of the bee-hive without expo- sure to the danger of being stuue. It may be stated that, with the July number, the Cosmopolitan will be published at the reduced price of 10 cents per number — a marvellously low- figure for a magazine of such literary and artistic merit. Report of tiie Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association.. This report, published by the Ontario Department of Ag- riculture, is to hand. It contains the proceedings of the an- nual meeting in full as taken by the shorthand writer, and subsequently revised by Messrs. Allen Pringle, J. B. Hall, J. K. Darling, "and the Secretary, W. Couse. All the essays read are given in full. There is also a fair synopsis of the discus- sions, which, though not verbatim, is sufficiently full to give a correct idea of what was said. The Treasurer's statement, duly audited, shows in detail what the receipts and disburse- ment were. The total receipts were .S872.04, and the ex- penditures .§924.67, leaving a deficit of S52.63. This deficit was caused by abnormal demands upon the treasury, which are not likely to occur in the future. The report makes a- royal octavo pamphlet of 60 pages, and is very handy for ref- erence. Any one desirous of obtaining a copy should address the Minister of Agriculture, Toronto, Out. These is no charge for them. Biggest Premium We Ever Offered ! THE BEE-KEEPER'S GUIDE: OR MANUAL OF THE APIARY. BV PROF. A. J. COOK. This 15th and latest edition of Prof. Cook's magnificent book of 460 pages, in neat and substantial cloth binding, we propose to give away to our present sub- scribers, for the work of getting new subscribers for the American Bee Journal. A description of the book here is quite unnecessary — it is simply the most com- complete scientific and practical bee-book published to-day. Fully illustrated, and all written in the most fascinating style. The author is also too well-known to the whole bee-world to require any introduction. No bee-keeper is fully equipped, or his library complete, without "The Bee-Keeper's Guide." HERE IS OUR GRAND OFFER: Send us Two New Subscribers to the Bee Journal (with $2.00), and we will mail YOU a copy of Prof. Cook's book free as a premium. No premium is also giv- en to the new subscribers, under this offer. The postpaid price of the book alone is $1.25, or we club it with the Bee Journal for a year — both together for .31.75. But surely anybody can get only two new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year, and thus get the book as a premium. Let everybody try for it. We want to give away 1000 copies of this book by Oct. 1. Will you have one ? GEORGE W. ■XOBK & CO., 56 Fifth Ave., CHICAGO, ILLS. Convention IVotices. C-4LIFORNI.4.— The next meeting of the Tu- lare County Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in Visalla, Aug. 14, 1895. All interested are invited. J. E. Yodng, Sec. Visalia. Calif. Texas.— The Texas State Bee-Keepers' As- sociation will meet at Greenville, Tex.. Aug-. 21 and '22, 1895. Good premiums are offered for best exhibits. All are invited to attend. Deport, Tex. W. H. White, See. Wants or Excjiajiges. This department is only for your " Wants"" or bona-flde " Exchanges," and such will be Inserted here at 10 cents a line for eacb time, when specially ordered into this depart- ment. Exchanges lor cash or for price-lists^ or notices offering articles for sale, will not be inserted here— such belong in the regular- advertising columns, at regular rates. TO EXCHANGE-Bees and Queens for an Organ. F. C. Mokrow. 27Alf Wallaceburg, Ark. TO EXCHANGE— Lossing's "Civil War ia America " (.3 vols.i, for Honej-. Address, J. 0. York, Alliance. Ohio. WANTED -Information regarding any lo- cality in southern Georgia. Alabama or Florida, possessing good fall and early-spring-, honey- resources. Please address, South Florida Apiary Co. 27A2t New Smyrna, Fla,. 448 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jiilij 11, ONE-PIECE SECTIONS-CHEAP ! In Order to Reduce Our Slock, We Ofl'er No. 1 CREAM SECTIOXS -4>-4.x-t^4VT-to-ri. ISi, IS. 1 l."i-10 uud -J inch : 1000 for»l..iO. 5000 at f 1.40 per M. 10.000 at ll.as per M. No. 1 WHITE SECTIONS — 514x614x2, open on two 3!4 sides : 1000 for %1.hO. 5000 at $2.35 per M. 10,000 at«-!.2.7per M. G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, 'Watertown, Wis. California w^ If you care to kuow of its FruitB, Flowers. Climate or Keeources. send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press Tlie leading- Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weelsly, handsomely illustrated, $2.4^0 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL, PRESS, 220 Market St., - SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. BEGINNERS. Beginners should have a copy of the Amateur Bee-Keeper, a 70-page book by Prof. J. W. Rouse. Price 25 cents; if sent by mail. 2Sc. The little book and the Progressive Bee-Keeper (a live, pro- gressive 28-page monthly journal) one year, 63c. Address any flrst-class dealer, or LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo. APIARIAN SUPPLIES 'L'tfl^f^f^g. Keeper "—how to maaag-e bees, etc.— 25 cts. The "'Model Coop." for hen and her brood Wyandotte, Langshan and Leghorn Eggs foi hatching. Cat. free, but state what vou want J. W. ROUSE & CO. .Mexico, Mo. \ BIG DROPS of water has made the vegetation. Now the sun shines — the Honey wells up — the Bees gather it, and every Bee-Keeper should have all needed Supplies at once. Catalogue Free. Tlios. G. IVewiiian, '*I.i,7rVGo,TLi.f'- EVERY FARMER SHOULD HAVE A HANDY TOOL-HOLDER ! Sent by Express, for $1.50 ; or with tlic Bee Journal one year — both for $2.00. Every Manufacturer, Miller. Carpenter, Cabinet Maker, Machinist. Wheelwright and Quarryman. Farmer, or any one using a grind- stone, should have one of these Tool-Holders. One boy can do the work of two persons, and grind much faster, easier and with perfect accuracy. Will hold any kind of tool, from the smallest chisel to a draw shave or ax. Extra attachment for sharpening scythe blades included in the above price. The work is done without wetting the hands or soiling the clothes, as the water flows from the opera- tor, it can be attached to any size stone for hand or steam power, is always ready for use, nothinar to get out of order, and is absolutely worth 100 times Its cost. No farm is well-equipped un- less it has a Tool-Holder. Pays for itself in a short time. How to Use the Holder. Directions.— The Tool is fas- tened securely In the Holder by a set-screw and can be ground to any desired bevel by insert- ing the arm of the Holder into ahiglieror lower notch of the standard. While turning the crank with the right hand, the left rests on an steadies the Holder ; the Tool is moved to the right or left across the stone, or examined while grind- ing, as readily and in the same way as if held in Ih'j hands. For grinding Ronnd . Edge TooIh, the holes in the stand- ard are used instead of the notches. Address, GEOBGE W. YORK & CO., 56 Fifth Ave., CHICAGO, ILL. Qerjeral Iterrjs^ Bee-Keeping: in Montana. In the Bee Journal of April 11, "B" called for bee-notes from Montana, and Flathead Valley in particular. There are no bees in Flathead county at the present time. Being no botanist I cannot give very much information in respect to the flora. On July 4. 1S'.I4, at an exhibit of wild flow- ers, there were lOS different kinds gathered within one week, shown by one child under the age of 15 years. The soil is very fertile, and white clover does remarkably well wherever sown. There is nothing to pre- vent the successful growing of buckwheat, the soil and climate both being favorable. The climate is almost the same as that of southern Michigan, and the further fact that people in Missoula and the Bitter Root Valley have succeeded, leads me to believe that there would be no risk in introducing a few colonies here. The woods are full of trees and shrubs that blossom early in the spring, furnishing an abundance of pollen, and wherever a nest of bumble-bees is found, they have an unusual amount of honey stored. I may say that I have ordered a colony of bees for experiment, and in another sea- son will be able to give more particulars re- garding bee-culture in Flathead Valley. Christ Prestbye. Kalispell, Mont.. June S. Harvest Promises to be Fair. The prospect of a honey crop with me this year are very poor. The frost we had killed everything the bees could work on. My bees are in very poor condition for the harvest, having been left out on the sum- mer stands last winter, which weakened them, and killed about 2.5 per cent. As a consequence, they are very weak for the harvest, which promises to be fair. G. F. Tl-bbs. Annin Creek. Pa , June 13. An Experience with Bees, Etc. We had a short crop last year, and at present are in the midst of a terrible drouth, with wheat all gone, and oats nearly all dead. Corn is a good stand, looks well, but without rain it cannot make a crop. Two years ago I commenced with one colony of bees in the dovetailed hive, and have increased to 10 colonies. I had no winter losses. I pack them in chaiT in win- ter-cases outdoors. I had 3 strong colonies to issue this month, and all are now at work on alfalfa clover. I like to work with bees just splendid. They will fly and alight all over me, but seldom sting, while some persons cannot come near without getting it in the face. Last fall I fed my bees granulated sugar syrup until the brood-frames were all filled ; this was left with them for future supplies. The first of March I discovered a dead queen lying on the entrance-board. 1 placed a frame containing brood and young bees in this hive, from a nice yellow 3-banded 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 449 queen, purchased two years since, and now I hare in that hive a yellow queen, and a splendid layer at that, and appears to be just as prolific afe the mother. I have one colouy of hybrids; they are the poorest workers. I also have leather-colored Ital- ians, but the yellow Italians "take the cake " for beauty, gentleness, and splendid honey-gatherers, and they are not nearly so apt to swarm as the others. In fact, when a colony has to be built up we almost invariably have to resort to the yellow queen for brood and honey. I think the ideas presented by Adrian Getaz, on page 311, are just to the point. In one of my hives, whose colony swarmed, I found 10 queen-cells, also a queen, I cut the cells out, and laid them by the side of the hive. After re-flxing the hive, to my surprise I found 2 queens crawling around the bunch, that extricated themselves from the cups. I placed them in queen-cages, with 8 workers as company. The cages had an abundance of candy in them, but by the next morning both queens were dead. Query : What caused the queens to die ? My idea is, that they were strangers to the worker-bees, and they probably stung them to death. ' I some time since noticed a great deal of theorizing relative to kind and color of Italians. I will risk the conclusion that the yellow bees are all right in each and every respect, although Dr, Miller and others are of the opposite belief. I think I would like to live in a country South, where I could devote my entire time to bees and honey. There has been no bloom here yet to support new swarms, ex- cept alfalfa, as we are now in the midst of a terrible drouth. We will soon be obliged to feed granulated sugar in order to carry them over to the fall flow of honey from hearfs-ease. B. F. Harpokd. Randall, Kans., May 38, Starting with Bees. I like the Bee Journal very much ; it gives me all the information I need in the bee- line. I started my little apiary the past spring with 4 colonies, and I am very much interested in it. I expect to have 30 colo- nies next season. This is a good place for bees. Mine at this time have stored quite a surplus. They have such bloom as white and red clover, linden, poplar, wireweed, and sour-gum bloom, and ciuite a number of other blooms to work on. I have one colony of Carniolan bees. J. ARTUfR PlERSOX. Twistville, W. Va., June 14. Treatment of Laying-Workers. Seeing the item on page 3'29, in relation to a laying worker, I am tempted to give my experience with this bothersome kind of a bee. When I looked over my bees for the first time this spring, I found one colony with only a small amount of brood — a place as large as my two hands, perhaps— and this was very irregular, many cells skipped, some with two or more larvsp in them, and all that were capped showed the bullet- shape of the drone-cell when capped. A laying-worker here, sure! How to get rid QUEENS ! Now ready by return mail, reared in full col- onies from the best honey-gathering- strains in America, at the following very low prices: Tested each $1,50 per Vi dozen 8.00 Warranted purely-mated each .75 ■' per '/4 dozen 4,25 '• pur dozen 8,00 If you want Qneeiis for bii»lnes8, get my oId"reliable strain. 40-p. descriptive Catalog- Free. W. W. CAKV, Colralu, ma»«s. 27Atf Mention the American Bee Journal. PATENT WIRED COMB FODNDATIOR Has No Sag In Brood-Frames Thin Flat-i$ottoiii Fouiidatioi) Has Ko Ftsliboiie iu the Sorplos Honey. BetuK ttie cleanest is usually worked the guickem of any Foundation made J. VAN DEDSEN Sc SONS, Sole Manufaciurere, Sprout Brook MontKomery Co., N. T. Mention the American Bee Jounuit- HONEY QUEENS! Have been carefully bred for producing comb honey for the past 18 years, and by a special method for producing large. long-lived, pro- lific Queens. Can furnish either 3 or 5 Band- ed stock, bred in separate y.irds. 3-Bandc(i bred from my own or Imported Mother. No foul brood or paralysis, warranted Queens, purely mated, 60 cts.; Tested, $1.00; Selected Breeders, $-2.50. Iliscount ou quantities. 27Atf J. H. (;OOD, Nappauee, Iiid. Mention Vic Amcrmmi, De-c Journal, TAKE NOTICE! BEFORE placing your orders for SUP- PLIES, write for prices on 1-Piece Bass wood Sections, Bee- Hives. iShlpping- Crates Frames. Foundation, Smokers, etc. PAGE & IvVOlM IMKC CO. NEW LONDON, WIS MentW'i '.hf. A inerico'i Bf.e Jov/r^^a' ITALIAN QUEENS Untested, July to Oct., 75c. each— 3 for $2.00. Tested Queens, $1.00 each. By return mail. Satisfaction Guaranteed Send for Free Illustrated Circular to THEODORE BENDER, 28Atf 18 Fulton Sr., CANTON, OHIO. Mention lite Aiiwricnn lice I'Miiiai, Hfi A ^1..,1,!,M 1024 Mississippi St . \j, iiCKilll, St. Paul, Minn, Novtliwcstern Agent For Tlift A. 1. Root I'o.'s Ai)iariiiu Supplies Bees and Queens For Sale. Send for I Price-List f 2 1 A 1 7 Heraltrn the American Bef Journal T AND LUNQ DISEASES, DR. PEIRO, Specialist Offices: loiQ, lOo State St., CHICAGO. Hours 9 to 4. Queens and iuclei ! Untested Italian Queens, by return mail, 75c; Tested, $1.00; Select Tested, $1.50. Nuelei. by express— per Frame. 75c. Address. C. E. niEAD, 87 Artesian Ave., Station D. ChiC-\go, III. Golden Itiiliiiii Queens, 60 Cts.! SPECI.4L Tkhms and ClKCUL.tR Fl!EE. J. F. Michael, Greenville, Ohio. 25A4t Please mention the Bee Journal. of it and save the colony was the next question, and remembering a suggestion found in the "ABC of Bee-Culture," I got a new hive and placed a frame of honey and two frames of foundation in it, and placed it on the stand vphere the one con- taining the laying worker was, and taking that about 10 or 15 rods away, I then shook all of the bees off the frames into the air. As soon as I had the frames cleared of bees, I placed them in the new hive except the one containing the brood and eggs from the laying-worker, taking out the founda- tion placed there. I then gave them a queen caged, which was liberated iu the usual time, and was soon laying, and now the colony is doing as well as any colony could do. Of course this might not always work, but it did not occupy much time, and saved the colony. I think if the colony is moved, and they mark their location after the worker assumes the duties of a queen, she will not know of the change in location and stands but a very slim chance to reach the hive after being shaken off the combs. Auburn, Wash. A. S. Barbek. Carniolans and Pure Italians. I sent to Frank Benton, while he was in Austria (Upper Carniola), for two queens, to which he paid prompt attention, and they came through in 31 days, both in fine condition. I introduced them to strong colonies, and reared four young queens. They were as gentle as so many flies. The colonies were full of bees in the fall, but I got no surplus honey from them, while I got from 40 to 132 pounds from my Italians, When spring came they had all starved, so I want no more Carniolans. They were of a silver color, with small tints of yellow bands. Many people would take them for the native black bees. There have been many queens sold for pure Italians that were nothing more than hybrids, for I have bought them for pure Italians, and found them so. I buy queens each year. I paid -Jli for a so-called 5-banded queen from a Texas breeder, and her bees were all colors, from 5-bands to clear blacks. I am a farmer, and have been keeping bees for 45 years. I have 44 colo- nies now. Geo. I. Wolf. Young America, .Tnd., June 11, On the Bicycle in North Carolina. Some may take an interest in the inci- dents, accidents, and happenings of a "bike "trip through a rough country to the Blue Ridge Mountains— some times called " The land of the skye." On June 2 I took leave of loved ones and friends, and afterward found myself taken charge of by that large-hearted bee-keeper, David Walk- er, of Pleasant Ridge, Gaston county, N. C. He was up to his eyes hiving those pesky bees that seem to know no let-up in swarm- ing. Friend W. has T2 colonies, and despite the excessive swarming and wet, cool sea- son, his surplus was quite fair. He is not a reader, but seems right well up on many of the "issues" of the craft. His smoker, which is of his own invention, is unique and substantial. His hybrids know enough 450 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 11, to " let up " when be sallies forth with this weapon in band. This kind family bad so intrenched them- selves in my affection, that it seemed hard to depart. May their shadow ne'er grow less. After a 2.5 mile run it was my pleasure to stop at the gate of one of North Carolina's most practical as well as successful bee- keepers—J. R. Morse, of Shelby. The re- port of this good friend of 100 pounds from one colony, begat within my breast a spirit of jealousy — though Friend M. may never know of it. Here we find under able man- agement, not only bee-keeping, but a pros- perous dairy business, together with poul- try and flne Chester pigs. His most efficient help consists chiefly of his better-halt, to- gether with the bright-faced little ones who go about in such a quiet way one hardly knows of their presence. B. Round Rock, N. C. June 12. Curing' Foul Brood. On page 336 is an item from John H. Guenther, saying that he can cure foul brood. I would like to have him tell how it is done, and whether he can do it in all stages and conditions. M. E. Hartford, Wis. Kve-Banded Bees. I want to say that I heartily endorse the article on page 378. by John lIcArthur. If it were more trouble to rear a queen that would produce all 5-banded bees than it is to rear a queen that produces 2 and 3 bands, the 5-bands would lead. J. W. Hexson. Mt. Aerial, Ky. Decaying Brood. While looking over my apiary yesterday (June 12) I found brood like the sample I send you. The hive I took the sample from is the worst in the yard. I have looked over CO colonies and have found almost all with a few scattering cells. The hive I took the sample from has quite a strong colony — it has six frames of brood, and they are full way to the bottom. This brood appears to be in spots — in some frames it is on the lower edge of the comb, and some on the middle, but the whole comb is affected with scattering cells '. The combs in the center of the hive are the worst. I have noticed in my other colonies, where I have found this brood, that it is in the center of the hive more than on the outside frames. All of my strongest colo- nies appear to be affected with the brood; in colonies that are almost ready to swarm I found some of it. I have been in the bus- iness for over eight years, and I have never seen anything like this. I have seen lots of dead brood, but the bees would always re- move it readily, but they don't like to take hold of this stuff. They will gnaw the tops of the cells, and that is as far as they go with it. It dries dowu in the bottom of the cell like a little scab, and then they dig it out sometimes. I have noticed some colonies where it is just affected, that the larvop will straighten out and die before it is capped, and some will be almost fully developed to a bee. I was afraid it was foul brood, so I took a sample to D. H. Van Alstine. who has been in the business for over 3.5 years, and whose bees had foul brood once, and he said he never saw anything like it, and wanted me to send a sample to the Bee Journal office. Please examine it and let me know what it is, and what to do to get rid of it. I have found it in my weak colonies scattered the same as the others. D. B. Webek. Seward, N. Y. [I forwarded the sample of comb to Mr. McEvoy, Ontario's foul brood inspector, who writes as follows concerning it:] Mr. D. B. Weber's colonies have got into a very unhealthy condition, from so much decaying brood. He should remove all such combs from the brood-chambers, so that they can't be used for brood-rearing, and give all such colonies full sheets of foundation to work out and rear brood in. If I had charge of Mr. Weber's apiary I would take the diseased combs out of all the strongest colonies first, and fill the brood-chambers with nothing but founda- tion after removing «'«•?/ comb. Then I would take the combs of diseased brood and tier them up on the weakest colonies for about 10 days, so as to get a lot of the good brood hatched out of them, which would make strong colonies of the weak ones ; then at the end of 10 days I would take away all the old combs and shake the bees into a hive filled with foundation. By do- ing this be would end the season with nice new comVis in every hive, and then brood- rearing would be carried on in clean, healthy combs. If Mr. Weber's bees are not gathering any honey he will have to feed sugar syrup while the bees are drawing out the founda- tion, and aUfreding should be done in the erenings. He should make wax of all the old combs when they are done with. Woodburn, Ont. Wm. McEvot. Too Dry Weather for Bees. The weather still keeps very dry in this locality, and bees are doing nothing. I have 50 good, strong colonies that were good, strong colonies when spring opened, still I have not had a swarm nor a pound of honey, and not much prospect of any unless basswood and fall flowers yield some. ^ I would like to say a word about 5-banded bees. Myself and one of my neighbor bee- keepers bought some to replace some good blacks and hybrids, and the result was every one of them are gone, and we don't care for any more just now. Still, it was a very bad winter here on bees, a good many losing all they had. Let us here from some others in Michi- gan, in the American Bee Journal, and please name the county you live in. F. E. Gibson. Racy, Saginaw Co., Mich., June '20. ItliKlers for this size of the American Bee Journal we can furnish for 75 cents each, postpaid; or we will club it with the Bee Journal for a year — both for .?1.(J0. We have a few of the old size (Cx9) Binders left, that we will mail for only 40 cents each, to close them out. A Cirand lleo-Sniokoi- is the one offered by W. C. R. Kemp, Orleans, Orange Co., Ind. It has a 3-inch fire-barrel, burns all kinds of fuel, and is simple, etficient and durable. Send 100 cents for a sample smoker, and you will have a rare bargain. Honey & Beeswax Market Qootations. CHICAGO, III., June ".—We have our usual dull season which we look forward lo and ex- pect. Honey is entirely lorifotlen during the months of June. July and August. The mar- ket is pretty well cleaned U[)of all grades of honey, so the prospects are encouraging for the coming season. We are getting i iBSHc. for light comb. J. A.L. KANSAS CITr, Mo,. June 19.— Supply and demand is light. We quote: No. 1 white, 1- Ibs.. 13@14c.; No. 2 white. 12@13c.:No. 1 amber, ll@12c.; No. 2 amber. 8@10c. Ex- tracted, white. 7c. ; amber, 6c. ; dark. 5c, Beeswax. 22c. C. C. C. & Co. CINCINNATI. O.. June 18.— Nothing new since" our last. There is a fair demand tor ex- tracted honey at 4ie and Z.owesf Pr-ioes. Kastler and Irving, 237 Blue Island Ave.. 26A4t Chicago, Ills. jMe>iti?ust uuly. To those wlio nev- er tried our strain of Honey. Gatherinia: Italians we will send one Sample Queen lor the triflinp sum of 50 cts. Une Queen only will be sent at above pric*' to one address. All Queens Warranted Puiely Mated. AU Queens sent by return mail, weMther permitting. Address all orders to. LEININOEIC BKOS,. 28Etf FT. JENNINGS. OHIO. Mcntioi^ the Amcriciin. Isee -jo^inui _ Free Silver fiSSr-Foi" You Until further ootice I will furnish COme FOUNDATION as follows : 10 lbs. Heavy or Medium Brood Fdu.$3.30 lOlbs. Luht •• 3.70 10 lbs. Thin Surplus Foundation. .. 4.00 10 lbs. E.xlra-Thin Surplus Fdn 4 30 No orders will be accepted at these prices trom persons llvin^j: east of New York State. W.J. Finch.Jr., Springfield, 111 28A13 MintUmth''- American Bee Jwimal. Abbott's Space. That "Sf.Joe" Rive! Write for a Circular and Say How Many Hives You "Will Need. Address, EmBrson T. Abbott, ST. JOSEPH, MO. lAfiidod tht Amenciin Bee Journal Queens Sent Promptly. Other breeders may Sell Queens cheaper than I do, but they can't furnish better Queens or flil orders more promptly. Keeping- a large number of Queens on hand in nuclei enables me to sell Tested Queens, of this year's rearing, at 11.00 each, or six for fo.OO. and to send them by return mall. More than six Queens (tested) will be sold at 75 cents each, and will probably go by return mail unless the order is unusually large, but I don't promise that sucli shall be the case when the number ordered exceeds six. As a matter of fact, howerer, every order received the past two months has been filled the same day it came. One Queen and the Review for *1.50. Samples of the Review free. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. Seventeen Years Ago Dadant's Foundation Was first offered for sale. The following parties keep it in stock and have kept it for years for sale. Why ? Because they want to handle only the best ffoods, and they say they get the best goods when they bay Dadant's Foundation. ,^>j^ Thomas G. Newman, Chicago. lUs. C. F. Muth & Son. Cincinnati, Ohio Chaa. H. Green, Waukesha, Wis. Chas. Hertel. Freeburg. Ills. E. Kretchnier. Red Oak. Iowa. Jos. NTsewander. Des Moines, Iowa. G. B. Lewis Co.. Watertown. Wis. James Reynolds Elevator Co.. Poughkeepsie. N Y. Page & Lyon. New London, Wis. La. Bee-Keepers' Supply Co.. Donaldsons tile, La. E. F. Quigley, Unionville, Mo. I G. K. Hubbard. Fort Wavne. Ind. L. Hanssen, Davenport, Iowa. C. Theilmann, Theilmanton, Minn. B. C. Eaglesfield. Berlin, Wis. Walter S. Pouder. Indianapolis, Ind B. T. Abbott, 81. Jos€^. Mo. J. M. Jenkins. Wetumpka, Alabama John Key, East Saginaw. Mich. J. W. Bittenbender. Knoxville, Iowa. Vickerv Bros.. Evansville. Ind. Mrs. Jennie Atchley. Beeville. Texas. Is not such a steady trade a proof of real merit in the goods we sell ? We also make a specialty of Veils and "Veil Stuffs of best quality. Beeswax Wanted at All Times. Bee-keepers' Supplies, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails, etc. Samples of Foun- dation and Xulle FREE with circular. Instructions to beginners with circular. Send us your address. CHAS. DADANT & SON, MtfUontnt.a.mencanBeejoumai HAMTLTON, Hancock Co., ILli. Notice ! — We beg to announce that we ha ;e completed arrangements with the Porters whereby we secure for this country the control of the sale of that very excellent and almost indispensable implement — THE PORTER BEE-ESEftPE. It will be manufactured by the Pnrters, as formerly, but write to us for prices in both large and small quantities. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. SStli Year. CHICAGO, ILL., JULY 18, 1895. No. 29. Cot;)tributed /Kriiclcs^ On Important A-piarian Subjects, No. 7. — The Production of Extracted Houey. BT CHAS. DADANT. Before proceeding to give our views on the methods of putting up extracted honey, and the care to be given to this product, I wish to say a few words concerning a remark made by one of the contributors of the American Bee Journal a few weeks ago. This gentleman says that it is a mistake to advise bee-keepers to use several supers on top of each other, and that it is better to extract the honey as fast as it is harv- ested. Our reasons for using several supers on the hives are two-fold. First, it is next to impossible to extract from the only super that is on a hive, during a big flow of honey, with- out harvesting a large amount of unripe honey which has just been gathered, at the same time with the ripe honey. On the other hand, the reader must bear in mind that we are giving our own methods, and that in our practice, with four or five apiaries, we find it inconvenient to extract any of the honey while the crop lasts, as the bee-keeper must attend to several apiaries, and cannot afford to spend two or three days in suc- cession in any one of them at that time. As for the danger of losing the combs, from moths, dur- ing a bad season, we are not at all afraid of this. Whenever we have lost combs, it has been the neglect of some one to keep the screens of the honey-house windows well closed. Moths cannot live over winter in a honey-house where no fire is kept, in this climate, and the moths would have to be brought from the outside. In a well-conducted honey-house, where old combs from colonies that have died late in the spring are either rendered up in wax or sulphured, or used for new swarms, there is no danger of moths. We have now had three bad honey seasons in succession, and we have a number of surplus cases with the combs in them that have not been out of the honey-house in all that time, and yet they are as perfect as when taken off the hives. The different grades of honey which are harvested during the spring crop cannot usually be kept separate, as they are generally harvested at the same time. Basswood and clover go well together, and a slight tinge of basswood rather makes clover honey more pleasant. Basswood honey alone is too strong, and a poor product to sell. Honey-dew is very objec- tionable, whether by itself or mixed with other grades, but we have yet to find a method of compelling the bees to harvest it separately. As a matter of course, we do not leave the honey from the spring crop on the hives, but extract it as soon as the first honey season is over. In some localities, further north than ours, the two crops, spring and summer, almost run to- gether, but there are always a few days of suspension, when the first crop may be removed from the hives to make room for the yellow honey of fall blossoms. After the extracting is over, the first thing that requires attention is the capping can. We usually leave the eappings In it, for a week or two. If more than one canful have been taken, they are kept in a barrel with one head taken out, and after the last batch has been well drained, those in the barrel may be drained again, until they are nearly dry. After this we wash these eappings in hot water, to remove the last par- ticles of honey that may remain. It is a mistake to render up the capping into wax without first washing them, as the honey is lost, and this is very useful to make vinegar or wine, metheglin or mead. If neither vinegar nor wine Is wanted, they may be kept until cider-making time, and then washed, and the water may be added to the cider with profit. To make a fair article of either cider or vinegar, an egg should float at the top, part of the egg, about the size of a nickel, showing above the water. The water in which we wash the eappings is heated about 140°, or nearly to the melting point of beeswax. We stir them in it, and afterwards dip them out and press them in a small press. They may afterwards be rendered into beeswax according to methods described elsewhere. The water which remains seems turbid and dirty, but this is only apparent, for if the business is conduced with cleanliness, there is nothing in the water but honey, a little pollen and broken bits of wax. The wax is thrown off by the liquid during fermentation, and the other impurities are deposited at the bottom of the vinegar or the wine after fermentation has stopped. To induce fer- mentation in the sweetened water, any fruit-juice may be used that is at hand ; neither does it take very much of it in warm weather. Blackberries, raspberries or grapes will give the liquid a nice red color. But we have stretched this subject rather longer than anticipated, and will have to leave the question of honey- packages for another time. Hamilton, HI. What Dr. Miller Thinks. Removing Queens.— On page 406, Adrian Getaz says re- moving queens at the honey harvest has produced splendid results with thousands of colonies. Not with him, but with Elwood and others. It hasn't worked well with me, and I think conditions here are much the same as in New York, the main harvest being over with clover. Perhaps the fault is mine, but I wish Bro. Elwood would tell us if he thinks as much of the plan as ever. Isn't there something just a bit lame about the reasoning of Mr. Getaz? He counts a gain by rearing no brood for 19 days, the honey harvest being over by the time the brood 454 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 18, would hatch. True, an egg laid to-day will not be a crawling bee for 21 days, and will not be a field-bee for 16 days more, but I suspect that at the end of 21 days, or as soon as it emerges from its cell, that it makes a difference in the field force. That will leave his reasoning good for 21 days, but the white honey harvest sometimes lasts more than twice that, and at the last end there will be a falling off of field-workers due to the removal of the queen. Young Bees fob ■Wintering.— If B. Taylor is correct in placing the blame for his losses last winter (see page 407), it may be well for us to stick a pin there, and feed when forage is so scarce as to stop brood-rearing in September. We know, I think, that there is a difference as to the length of time bees gather in different years, and we know that queens stop laying some years sooner than others. It seems reasonable that the two things should go together. Bro. Taylor's view seems reasonable, and it's worth while to watch the matter in the future. Wintering on Langstroth Frames on End. — On page 407, Thos. Thurlow reports success in wintering bees on Langstroth frames stood on end, and the same thing has been reported before, but subsequent silence makes it uncertain whether any one has continued the plan for many years. I think it was first mentioned as much as 10 or 15 years ago, perhaps much longer. Will those who tried the plan years ago tell us what they think of it now ? Certainly there are some points about the plan that have a good look, but actual practice is what really tells. Have others found to be a fact what Mr. Thurlow empha- sizes, that bees will go through capped honey In winter to get to the top of the combs '? If so, what will be the use of his alternating the frames as he proposes, " to try to keep the bees from going to the top and leaving honey below them ?"' Bees and Strawberries. — Bro. Abbott gets aid and com- fort on page 408, and If enough more such testimony comes in it will have to be admitted that In some places bees work well on strawberries. But what kind of strawberries has Wm. C. Ashby, that working on them made the bees drive him out of the patch ? If there is no mistake in that case, there may be a possibility of a re-trial in the first case of the Bee-Keep- ers' Union, In which Freeborn's bees were charged with driv- ing sheep out of a field. Ed Jolley thinks some have failed to take Mr. Abbott as he meant, and I think they will also fail to take Bro. Jolley as he means, for he can hardly mean what he says, at least unless I am away behind the times as to the manners and cus- toms of strawberry plants. He gives It as a "fact " that all varieties of strawberries produce both staminate and pistillate plants, and then he teaches that you can have a bed of either staminate or pistillate plants by properly selecting the run- ners, no matter what the variety. If Bro. Jolley means what I understand him to say, then it i-j possible to have a bed of Wilson or Jessie that shall produce nothing but pistillate blossoms. Did Bro. Jolley, or did any one else, ever see such abed? And If what I understand him to say Is true, then there is no variety for which it will be necessary to furnish staminate blossoms of another variety, and the universal teaching of fruit-growers in this respect is all wrong. ' Bro. Jolley questions the use of staminate plants for the production of strawberries. Bro. J., can you raise a crop of Crescent strawberries with no staminate blossoms within a mile? Sweet Clover. — Wm. C. Ashby will either change his views about sweet clover If he observes more closely, or else it does not act the same In Utah as In Illinois. He says on page 408 that it must be cut for hay before It blooms, "hence it would do your bees no good." from the window where I sit I look upon sweet clover that was cut when a good heiglit, and now it is high enough to cut again, and is just coming in bloom, perhaps a week later than if it had never been cut. It cut now it will bloom still later. So far as the bees are con- cerned, I would always prefer to have it cut when at the best stage for hay, for then It will do the bees more good after white clover is gone. Breeding Out the Swarming Habit. — On page 419 is asked the question whether it is possible, and whether it Is desirable, to breed out the swarming habit. The man who tries to base an opinion upon the answers there given will find himself In a very mixed state of mind. The answers are necessarily short, and I should like very much if the writers would give us some reasons for believing the swarming habit can or cannot be bred out ; also the reasons for thinking it desirable or undesirable. A good-natured discussion tbereon might be interesting and profitable. That Michigan Law. — Walter Harmer writes me that he has it from a member of the legislature that a law was passed as I formerly stated (page 390), and adds, "There must have been gross carelessness somehow, mixed with ignorance, I guess." I suspect the intelligence of Michigan will not allow that law to be unrepealed very long. Marengo, III. An Experience with the So-Called Honey-Dew. BY J. A. NASH. A few years ago several of the Western States, Including Iowa, were favored (?) with a heavy flow of honey-dew — (I believe "flow" to be, in this case, at least, the proper term.) I had seen the so-called honey-dew before this, but it was clearer, or else mixed with honey, as it was not so rank in flavor or dark in color. Never in a long experience with bees did I see anything to compare with this in point of quantity or lack of (luality, other than very poor quality. A basswood flow never stirred my apiary up as early In the morning, or kept bees out as late as did this alleged honey-dew. Hives were soon filled from top to bottom ; there was little lost time except In the heat of the day, when the "dew" dried up a little. I say but little lost time— the time spent ingathering this "bug-juice," as someone facetiously termed it, was, how- ever, much worse than lost, as it was not fit to eat, and the bees did not winter well on It. I lost at least % of my apiary, after feeding quite a number of colonies from which the honey-dew had been extracted. Now I had always supposed that honey-dew was secreted by plant or bark lice. This could not nave been the case with the kind that came under my own observation. I do not think there were lice enough of any kind in Jasper county to have furnished the exudations that came on the leaves of the hick- ory trees in our own bee-range; nor did it fall from the skies, as I took the trouble to cut off a hickory branch, wiped the honey-dew carefully from the leaves, examined it closely for lice (that I did not find), and put it away in the shop. This was done in the evening. The next morning the tops of the leaves were again covered with spots of dew. I had previous to this climbed a tree that was at some distance from other timber on which the dew was very thick, and cut off the top of it ; the dew was just as thick on the leaves that were upper- most as before, showing that it could not have been spurted from the bodies of lice — It was always on the tops of the leaves, never on the stems, as far as I could see, and often stood In drops. While riding through the woods in the early morning my coat was so daubed with this secretion that it was soiled, and my horse's mane was quite sticky. Bee-hives that stood under hickory trees at the home apiary had the 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 455 covers spotted, where the wind blew the drops from the leaves above. I extracted this stuff by the barrel, intending to feed it the next spring, and fed up as many colonies on sugar as I thought I could afford to. I would better have fed them all. The hives containing honey-dew had the fronts spotted with the excrement of the bees early in the winter. The colonies provided with stores of sealed sugar syrup were quiet and clean. My cellar is very dry and warm, and is a first-class winter repository. About the middle of March the weather became warm, the ground was dry, and I put the bees out for a flight. Many colonies were dead, others very weak, and all, except the sugar-fed colonies, filthy in the extreme. In the evening I put the bees all back that were living, and closed the cellar. I did not put out over a dozen of the colonies I had fed the fall before, as they seemed in perfect condition, and the work was hard, as there were many hives to handle. In the midst of all this ruin and loss I consoled myself with the assurance that the sugar would bring out a part of the apiary in good condition, but the "Best laid plans of mice and men gang oft aglee." The spring was late and cold, and when. In the latter part of April, I placed the bees on the summer stands, my " sugared " colonies were but little better than the others. Were they not diseased by the foul air of the cellar filled with hives fairly rotten with diarrhea? As to what this so-called honey-dew was, I do not know. I believe it exuded from the leaves — how, or why, I leave it to our scientists to explain. In the winter It granulated, look- ing live a very poor grade of brown sugar, leaving several inches of a very dark liquid on the top. The granulated part was not as sweet as the other. There was no fall crop, con- sequently honey was scarce, and many tiee-keepers sold this stuff for what they could ^et. It retailed here in sections at 10 and 15 cents per pound. It was not fit to eat, and I never sold a pound of it. In the spring my honey-dew soured, and I threw it away. It cost me several hundred dollars, but if it comes again I will know what to do with it — extract every drop and feed the bees. Monroe, Iowa. The Kingbird or Bee-Martin. BY J. W. ROUSE. According to the report made in 1893, of the Secretary of Agriculture, the claim is made that the kingbird, or bee- martin, as it is most commonly known, is not harmful to the bee-keeoer. I take some exceptions to this claim. Accord- ing to the report, " Among the 171 stomachs of the bee-martin examined, only 14, or less than one-twelfth of the entire num- ber, contained any traces of the honey-bee, while the total number of bees found was but 50 ; of these, 40 were positively identified as drones, and only 4 were unquestionably workers. The remains of the other 6 were so fragmentary as to render impossible anything beyond the determination of the species." Since locating here, now nearly five years ago, I have been troubled with the bee-martin, and I am sure it has been a source of considerable loss to me. To settle the matter for myself, I have watched these birds closely, and have seen them either fly, or sometimes sH, near where the bees are flying, and saw them by ruttling their crest on the head to at- tract the bees to them, when they would gobble them up. They seem to understand this method, or operation, perfectly, as I have noticed them very frequently, and whenever they ruffle the crest, it seems to attract the attention of the bees, which attack the bee-martin, but the bee looses her life almost every time. I do not believe this movement of the bird would attract the drones, but to make doubly sure that I had made no mistake, I have, after watching the bee-martin gobble up the honey-bee as described, shot the bird, and on opening the bird's stomach and gizzard I would there find the remains of the honey-bee it had been eating. The claims of the Report referred to are that the bee- martins are a great insect-eater, but that they destroy a very large number of insects that are harmful to the agriculturist, and but few honey-bees, so that the good they do largely over- balances the value of the bees that they may destroy. I would perhaps be willing to abide the loss of what honey-bees they might get from me in consideration of their destroying other Injurious Insects, but for the fact that when the bee- martin Is plentiful in queen-rearing time I notice that my loss of young queens is very much greater when taking their wed- ding flight than it is when I kill off the bee-martin in this vicinity. While I have never been able to detect them catch- ing a queen, or found any in dissecting the bird, I am sure that they destroy them, for the reason that in rearing young queens when the bee-martin is around my loss is sometimes nearly 50 per cent., until I go gunning, after which my loss of young queens is very greatly reduced. As to their catching drones, that does not bother me any, but the size and rather sluggish flight of the queen makes them an especial target, and their rather slow motion makes them an easy prey for the birds. If I was not rearing queens I would not pay much attention to them, unless they nested close to the apiary, as it is when they have a nest of young ones that their depredations are so very pronounced. So if Mr. and Mrs. Bee-Martin choose to make their home in close proximity to my apiary, they do so at a very great risk of their lives. Mexico, Mo. Killing the Bees Instead of Wintering. BY ED JOLLEY. As I read the article by John McArthur in reply to Mr. Bevins (page 297), I was led to wonder if the wheels of prog- ress had slipped a cog, and had the slip taken us back half a century, or whether some of the brethren were really that far behind the times. Has honey-producing degenerated so far that it is necessary to rob the hive of its winter stores and murder the inmates to make a living? If it has, it is time for all bee-keepers who have a conscience, to turn from their be- loved pursuit and take up something less trying. Fifty years have come and gone since the invention of the box-hive with top-storage drawers, that the apiarist might take his share of the bees' well-earned stores without resort- ing to the sulphur-pit, which had heretofore prevailed. Since then invention after invention has been made in behalf of the bee. The manipulation of the bee has become a science. We can go to the hive at the close of the harvest, and we can take what we see fit — we can leave much or little — and too often it's little. But here is one who goes a step further and takes all. In defense of his position he ridicules the attachment which every true bee-keeper must have for his bees. He ar- gues that no one has conscientious scruples against killing the cow that furnishes him with butter and milk. But that argu- ment is weak in the back. The bee provides its own living, hunts its own pastures, gathers its own winter stores, and furnishes a surplus more than ample to pay for the hive and attention furnished by man ; its carcass is of no use after it has been deprived of its life. On the other hand, the cow must be provided for from the time she is born up to the butcher's block. She cannot more than pay for the feed and trouble of taking care of her, with butter and milk, and Justly surrenders her body in beef to pay for the three years' raising before she became a cow. The food derived from her body is a necessity for man's subsistence. If the cow secured her own forage, gathered and filled her own stable with hay ; then if you killed her and threw her carcass away, that you 456 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 18, might sell her hay and thereby swell the weasel-skin, then you would have a a parallel case. Mr. McArthur says the main object of bee-keeping is to put dollars in our pockets. While I believe every bee-keeper desires to receive a just remuneration for time and money ex- pended, I hardly think the chief attraction is the greed for gold. For surely no other field gives more uncertain and varying returns than bee-keeping. Few, if any, of our fra- ternal friends who could not reap a richer harvest along other lines, with the same persistent energy and perseverance. The fascination of bee-keeping is not to be reckoned in dollars and cents. Dr. Miller said he never was happier in his life than last fall, notwithstanding his average per colony, according to the Progressive sleep-walker, was not more than % of an ounce! Now, if he had strangled his bees, a la McArthur, and had taken their winter stores, he might have had a snug fistful of dollars to put in his pocket ; but the bee-keepers would never have had that happy expression from the Doctor. The genuine, enthusiastic bee-keeper has a strong at- tachment for his bees, be it due to over manipulation and fos- tering care in breeding up to strong colonies ; if otherwise, the affection does exist, and I feel sure it will ever be strong enough to shield them from the strangling fumes of the sul- phur-pit. The combination of honest labor and economy, as we find it in the hive, is deserving of a more fitting reward. Franklin, Pa. A Plea for Planting for Honey. BY R. S. RUSSELL. I have a few trees of what is known here as " sugar haugh," and I admire them very much, both for their bloom and fine fruit. They bloom here about six days before poplar, and 10 days after all other fruit-bloom is gone, and the fruit ripens at the beginning of winter. They are wonderful bear- ers of wormless fruit of good quality. As they bloom in the midst of our greatest honey-dearth, they are greatly appre- ciated by the bees, and they swarm on them until you would think the flowers would be ruined. The tree resembles the white thorn somewhat, yet it is a much finer tree, with less thorns, and is evidently a stranger from the far north, as it is not plentiful, and of different character from any varieties I have ever seen. The fruit ripening so late in the season, I think it deserves a position with our greatest honey-plants. I hope I am not too enthusi- astic, yet I am one of the apparently few who believe fully in planting for honey, if we hope to continue in the business and produce the finest quality of honey, and I can only view it as a crime against our industry for teachers and professors to still be declaring, from many parts of the world, that same old, old theory, the very conditions of which have passed, never to return, a generation ago, that "It does not pay to plant for )ioney alone." Perhaps 75 years ago, with our boundless forests of honey-producing trees and rich vegetation, the assertion may have been correct, and if so then, there is no evidence to sus- tain it at this time. I think it is high time this old theory should have prompt treatment, and our people urged by every means the importance of planting, and if possible improving and multiplying our honey-plants until honey-dearths and failures will cease to be recorded. We all love the "old reliable" American Bee Journal, and think that it is the greatest "honey-plant" of all. I think it should be planted first of all in every bee-keeper's library in the land, as it is running over with the richest of "nectar" every week in the year. Zionsville, Ind. JI^ See " Bee-Keeper's Guide " offer on page 463. CONDUCTED BV Rev. Emerson T. Abbott, St. •7osep2i, AXo. S'weet Clover— Is it a 'Weed?— " Sweet clover is a sort of a weed." — Editorial note in Gleanings. How is this, anyway ? Let us see. A weed, according to Webster, is, "A plant growing In cultivated ground to the in- jury of the crop or desired vegetation, or to the disfigurement of the place ; an unsightly, useless, or injurious plant." Ac- cording to this definition sweet clover is not even a "sort of a weed," for it is neither unsightly, useless, nor injurious ; but ou the other hand has been proven a profitable crop both as a forage-plant and as a fertilizer of the soil, and what delicious honey the bees do gather from its flowers ! While I am on this subject I want to say a word for alfal- fa. A friend, who lives in northwest Missouri, said to me a few days ago that his alfalfa was the only thing which had stood the severe drouth, which, until a few days ago, we have been having, and that it would produce a good crop of hay. Since it is one of the finest honey-plants in the world, I think it will pay farmer bee-keepers to try a small patch of it, and see if it will not do as well for them. I fully agree with Dr. Miller that it would be a good plan to sow the " hog lots," which produce nothing but dog-fennel, with sweet clover, alfalfa, or some other useful plant. If all the waste land of the country could be made to produce some nectar-yielding plant, how much the honey would add to the annual income of the country ! Perhaps many do not realize what a large portion of the land of the country is unculti- vated. I quote from the Report of the Secretary of Agricul- ture for 1893 : " Of the total country only 18 per cent, is improved. The better developed eastern part (east of Colorado) shows only 29 per cent, improved, and even the long-settled Atlantic coast, which we are apt to consider fully occupied, still possesses 65 per cent, of unimproved land." Allowing one-half of this to be woodland, there is yet plenty of room for sweet clover, even if it were a useless weed aside from honey-production. Manual for the Study of Insects.— There is no more interesting subject for study than the habits of in- sects, their life history, method of development, food, etc. To those engaged in rural pursuits, the science of entomology has a double value on account of its economic bearing. To know the insects that are injurious, and those which are helpful to man is of great practical utility. I feel sure the readers of the Bee Journal will deem it a special favor to have their at- tention called to a reliable work treating of this subject in such a way that it can be understood, not only by the student, but by the average man or woman in the ordinary walks of life. Such a work has been prepared by Prof. John Henry Comstock, of Cornell University, and his daughter, Anna Botsford Comstock. It is published by the Comstock Publish- ing Co., of Ithaca, N. Y., and sells for §3.75; postage, 32 cents. It contains over 700 pages and hundreds of illustra- tions, and a series of analytical tables by means of which the family to which any North American insect belongs can be determined. Send to the publishers for sample pages, which will give you a clear idea of its great value. One cannot have too many such books. During the long winter evenings, when time seems to drag heavily on their hands, many farmers' sons and daughters would find both diversion and information in a work like this. Children will learn useful things just as quickly as they will useless, if only the same opportunity is given them. Education is largely a question of early environment. Bee-Culture Fairly Profitable. — " Unquestion- ably it is a fact that bee-keepers' proSts are considerably cur- tailed to what they were a few years ago, but I am very far from endorsing the opinion that bees cannot be kept at a prof- it ; indeed I would go so far as to say that it is the most prof- itable industry the cottager can engage in, providing that a fair amount of care and attention is given at the proper time (not necessarily always meddling and fussing with them) and that he leaves to others the experimenting with the many new fads and theories, and is content to conduct his apiary, be it large or small, on commercial principles, with the maxi- 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 457 -A. D. Wood- mum of efficiency at the minimum of expense.' ley, in British Bee .Tournal. Mr. Woodley brings out a number of good points in this brief quotation. One of them is that honey-production in the future must be carried on at a less profit than in the past. This is not only true of this special branch of agriculture, but it is true of everything produced on the farm. So the impor- tant lesson for us all to learn is how to get the maximum results out of the minimum of labor. That is a good suggestion of his, too, to not be always fussing with the bees; and surely the best thing the average bee-keeper can do is to leave the " experimenting with the new fads and theories " alone. Here is one of the blunders that many beginners make: Just as soon as they own a col- ony of bees they get a notion that they must test all the " new fads" and "traps" of which they have had the misfortune to learn. In a very short time they gather about them a lot of tools, the use of which, if they have any use, they know but little. The result is, that in a few years they quit the bee- business in disgust, with a good-sized museum on their hands, which could be bought at about ten cents on the dollar. There is a fair profit in bee-keeping, taken one year with another, but the fellow who starts in with the idea that " there are millions In it" is very apt to find out when it is too late that he has set his eggs under the wrong hen. CONDnCTED BY UR. C. C. MJLLER. lilAJiETSTGO, ILl^. [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct.! Peppermint as a Honey-Plant. Is peppermint a good honey-plant? Will bees go three miles to gather honey from it ? There has been 50 acres of peppermint set out this spring, just three miles from my bees '? W. C. Answer. — That's an interesting question, and I hope you'll investigate and tell us all about it after the field comes in bloom. In the meantime, I should say that you might ex- pect peppermint to yield well, and your bees to work on it at that distance unless they could find something nearer home. Is It Foul Brood ? I have several colonies that have what I fear is foul brood. The brood is sealed very scattering, and the unsealed larva; takes on a brownish color and dies ; then gets real brown and looks like corruption, and then dries up. The sealed brood has no holes in the capping?. I had one colony affected last year, and this year I have 6 or more. My apiary consists of 110 colonies. J. F. L. Answer. — I would not like to say positively, but I should fear the worst. Consult thoroughly back numbers of the Bee Journal, and Dr. Howard's book on " Foul Brood." Italian Drones — Gathering Honey, Etc. 1. Does a pure Italian queen produce yellow drones, or are they dark, the color of a hybrid bee? I have bought some queens which were said to be pure, but their drones are dark. 2. Does the worker-bee, when it is gathering honey, gather nectar from two or three different kinds of flowers be- fore it returns to the hive ? 3. Do bees, in gathering honey from different flowers, store it all together, or do they keep it separate ? 4. I notice my bees, when I look at them, and give them a little smoke, they gorge themselves with honey. Do they put that back into the cells ? 5. In transferring bees from box-hives to frame hives, ought the combs to hang the same end down as they did in the old hive ? S. L. D. Answers. — 1. Very likely you are looking for more yellow on an Italian drone than you will ever see. They are not yel- low all over, and don't have distinct bands like the workers, but are more inclined to a mottled appearance. 2. As a rule it works on only one kind, but when forage is scarce I have seen a bee go back and forth from one kind of flower to another. I think I have seen it stated that in such case they gather only nectar and no pollen. 3. If bees work on a dozen different kinds of flowers on the same day, you may find all the kinds of honey in one cell, but in actual practice you will find only one kind of honey in the same cell, for bees are likely to work on clover alone, or else on linden or some other of the chief sources. But the kinds of flowers that yield a small amount will probably have their honey mixed. 4. I don't know from actual observation, but at a guess I should say that most of it generally goes back, but they take a slight commission to pay them for the fright. t). Probably better so, but not absolutely necessary. Flavor of Poplar Honey. Is poplar honey bitter ? Grace W. Answer. — I think poplar honey is the same as whitewood or tulip-tree, and is quite dark in color, but I never heard of its being bittar. Perhaps some of our Southern friends can tell us more about it. Bees Leaving the Hive After Transferring. This summer I have been transferring quite a number of colonies, and I have had some trouble in them leaving the hive. Do you know the cause ? G. E. L. Answer. — I can only make a rough guess without more particulars. You don't say whether the bees leave in a body or gradually, nor when they leave. If they leave in a body just after being transferred, I should say things might be too dauby and close for them. The excitement caused by so much broken honey in a hive with only a small entrance for venti- lation might be enough to drive them out, but I should rather expect them to return. If the hive, after transferring, is set on a new stand, then I should expect the field-bees to leave for a day or two and join some colony near the old stand. Is It a Case of Foul Brood? How can I tell if I have a case of foul brood or not ? I have just examined a colony that about three weeks ago was as strong as any I have, but now they are pretty weak. I find that there is a great deal of dead brood, but there is no ropi- ness to it, that I can see ; it has no smell that I can detect, and has no pin-holes in the sealed brood. The color is not brown, but of a white nature, and decayed-like; and when I pull out any, there is a watery fluid that separates from the mass. Please let me know, as if there is any chance of foul brood I want to burn it. I don't want to experiment. J. M. Answer. — Your question shows that you are familiar with the symptoms of foul brood, and I doubt if I know any- thing more about it than you do. I don't believe there's any foul brood in the case, but in a question of so grave impor- tance I should rather have the opinion of some one practically familiar with the disease. What does Mr. McEvoy think of it ? A Question on Management. I bought three colonies in 8-frame shallow hives, that is, the frames are only 5 '4 inches deep, the same length as the Langstroth. Now, as I wanted increase instead of honey this year, I divided and made eight, and I think I had good luck, as they seem to be doing finely. In place of a super I have given them a hive the same size of the Langstroth, and put starters 2^4 inches wide in the frames, and they are com- mencing to work in them some. Now if they should finish the combs in the large hives, can 1 put the large hives on the bot- tom, and the shallow hives on top, with a queen-excluder be- tween them, by and by, and so get the brood in the larger hives, as I think the small hives too shallow, and wish to trans- fer to the larger hives? Will the eight frames give room enough for good colonies ; or should I have two hives and 16 frames for winter ? My bees are a cross between the Carniolans and blacks, but I think they are very gentle, as I handle them without any veil, and usually with my sleeves rolled up. I usually have a smoker with me, but do not use it much, unless it is to drive the bees from the end of the frame where I want to take 458 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 18, hold of them. I haven't been stung a dozen times this sum- mer. H. A. S. Answer.— With 2;4-inch starters and room for the queen to do considerable laying in the shallow frames. I'm afraid the bees will build a good share of drone-comb in the deep frames above. Especially is this the case while they have it above, and are treating the upper story somewhat as a super for surplus. If you want the bees to occupy the deep hive as their winter quarters, the sooner you get the brood-nest settled in it the better. I think I would right away put the deep hive below, put the queen in it, and an excluder over it, and then the shallow hive on top. That will make the bees more likely to fill out with worker-comb, although I like to have the frames filled with worker foundation best. The one-story 8-frame hive will be enough to winter in, only you must look out or they will get scarce of stores. If they winter out-doors, they may be all the better for two stories, or even in the cellar, if you don't mind the trouble of getting the two stories in and out. Or perhaps it may be a good plan, just as soon as they have the combs about filled out in the deep story, to put the shallow story under again, leaving them without an excluder to occupy either story or both at their pleasure. That will allow them more room to store away a supply from the fall yield. Uniting Colonies of Bees. I found two small colonies of bees, and would like to know how to unite them. Should I destroy one of the queens ? E. S. Answer. — Go when they are busy working in the fields, put the frames of brood with adhering bees together, alternat- ing them, first a frame from one hive then from the other. The bees will take care of the e.\tra queen to suit themselves, unless you have a preference, and kill the poorer queen. Another way is to set one hive over the other — the upper hive must be without bottom — and put a piece of heavy paper be- tween, with a hole in the paper just large enough for a single bee to go through. Let each hive have its own entrance. If one of the hives is some distance from where the united colony is placed, you may count on some of its bees going back to the old stand, and probably uniting with the nearest colony. Getting Rid of a Laying Worker. Please tell how to find a laying worker, and if there is any other way to supersede a laying worker than to find and destroy It. Beginner. Answer. — I don't know how. I never saw but one laying worker that I know of, although I suppose I've had hundreds of them. It seems pretty well established now that there may be not only one, but a large number of laying workers in a colony. You cau't tell a laying worker from any other by her looks. In perhaps most cases it doesn't pay to fuss with a colony having laying workers, for it is weak and has nothing but old bees. Break it up and distribute the bees and combs among other colonies. If very strong, however, it may be worth saving as a distinct colony. ' I think I have always suc- ceeded when I have put into the colony a young queen not 12 hours out of the cell. Giving a queen-cell may succeed. May be Paralysis — Bees and Strawberries. One of my colonies has some disease that I cannot ascer- tain the nature of. This colony was not strong in the spring, and as fast as they hatch out they come to the outside of the hive, walk around a few times, turn over on their backs and die. There is nearly a handful some days outside. I have taken the frames out, and inspected them, and everything looked, as far as my knowledge of bees, all right. Please tell me the cause of their dying, and what I should do for them. Right now I wish to state that my wife and I both have seen bees working abundantly on strawberry blossoms, but I cannot see a bee on apple blossoms, and fourcherry trees were in full bloom right over the strawberries, and never a bee on them. I think the saline air of the sea coast affects the dif- ferent fruit and flora bloom. E. L. E. Victoria, B. C. Answer. — Your description points somewhat toward bee- paralysis, and I cannot say for certain whether there's any sure cure. By looking at late numbers of the American Bee Journal you will see different remedies, but so far there is no agreement. Perhaps the most popular thing is to change queens. Very likely if you let them alone entirely the disease will disappear as it has with others. It does not generally continue for any length of time as far north as you are. CONDUCTED BY DR. J. P. II. BROWTf, AUGUSTA, GA. [Please send all questions relating to bee-keeping In the South direct to Dr. Brown, and he will answer in this department.— Ed. 1 Proper Size and Sliape of Hives. Much has been said, and much practice has been done, and all to get at the proper dimensions of the bee-hive. There is much difference of opinion in regard to the size and shape, and construction of the hive, but so it is in almost everything, and in order to get at the best of anything we need to ex- change notions and opinions. We have extremes in almost everything, so we think we have extremes in the bee-hive talk and practice as well as other things. Some men want a long hive, while others want a small one ; some want one shape, and others another shape. Now, I think locality and climate have much to do with deciding what should be the best size of a hive for that imme- diate locality and climate. But as to the best shape of a hive, it has nothing to do with it, and it seems to me in order to get at the proper shape of the hive we must first consider that we cannot educate bees ; yet we may constrain them to build their combs differently from what they would have built them had they been left to their own uncontrolled will. In the first place, if we will but note bees when they swarm and cluster, the shape of the cluster will tell you some- thing. Then, in the second place, note them build combs left to their will, and see if in one week's time their combs are not one-third longer up and down than they are horizontally; and so on their whole course of building combs is sure to be longer up and down, and not horizontally. Then that being the case, it brings us to conclude that the shape of the hive should be something to correspond ; that the shape of the hive would be better adapted to the bees made deeper than longer — that is, deeper frames, or the longest way of the frame up and down instead of the long, horizontal frame, like the frame used in the Langstroth hive. Now suppose you stand on end the Langstroth frame in a hive, and see if you have not come nearer filling the wants of the bees naturally than when you hang it in the hive as we gen- erally do. That brings us to consult our own convenience, instead of considering the bees' natural instinct. I think the nearer we can come to the natural instinct of the honey-bee, in giving them a hive to build their nest of combs iu, the better for them. Then, again, after finding out what shape of hive will suit bees best, we will have to consultour convenience — itdoes not agree with the bees' natural instinct ; what is best for us to do under the circumstances? I think we should construct our hives as nearly as possible to suit the wants of the bees, con- sidering the cold in the North and the heat in the South. Looking over the hive question (whic'h is certainly a very important one), and with many years of experience, I con- clude that a hive, in the first place, should have cubic inches enough for the brood-chamber to suit the locality in which you live ; then, it seems to me, a hive of about equal dimen- sions in length and width, and a little deeper than otherwise, would suit the bees best, and suit us as well as any other shape. Then I prefer the tiering-up plan — that is, one chamber on the brood-chamber, or more, as the need may be, and never interfere with the brood-chamber for honey. Then our bees are always in good condition. These are only my views on the hive question, which I have obtained from long experience. I would also, for my locality, prefer a medium-sized hive in cubic inches. It seems to me that a hive, or brood-chamber, should be of sufficient size to hold enough stores to last from the close of the season until the full opening of the next season. Then by not inter- fering with the brood-chamber stores, we almost always have our bees in good condition, and take only what honey is stored above the brood -chamber, either in sections, or by the tiering- up plan for extracting. W. R. Graham. Greenville, Tex. 4 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 459 Cat;)adiar) Bcedon;. Summer Losses of Bees. We are familiar with the term " winter losses," but the phrase " summer losses" is a new thing under the sun. In the Bee-Keepers' Review for June, the following editorial paragraph appeared : " Bees are dying in some parts of this county. I mistrust that it is of starvation. The warm weather during fruit-bloom caused the rearing of large quantities of brood, and now there is no honey to gather, and it looks at present as though there would be none from white clover. Possibly there will be some from Alsike and basswood." "Starvation in June," I soliloquized; "whoever heard tell of the like ?" Within two or three days I met with a bee- keeper who told me he was losing some of his weak colonies by starvation. Feeding in the fall, he said, might be thought of, but feeding at midsummer was out of the question. In 30 years' experience as a bee-keeper, I have never known such a dearth of honey in the season of the honey har- vest as there is now in many parts of Canadian beedom, my own locality included. It is chiefly caused by the terrible drought, which has continued, almost unrelieved by a single shower, for about six weeks. White clover when it appeared, had a very stunted look, and seemed to be devoid of nectar, for the bees did not visit it at all. The same may be said of Alsike clover. The only flower I have noticed the bees fre- quenting is the viper's bugloss, and they are by no means numerous on it. A long stalk of blue bloom will have perhaps one or two bees on it — not more. I have never considered this "vile weed," as Dr. Darlington calls it in his "American Weeds aud Useful Plants," a very fruitful source of honey supply, and I do not think it is doing much to mitigate the effects of the terrible drought as I have, I think, truthfully called it, under which we are now suffering. In a few days the Canada thistle, as it is slanderously termed, will be in bloom. It is no more the Canada thistle than it is the United States thistle, having been imported into both countries from the continent of Europe. This vilest of vile weeds has the one redeeming feature that it yields honey of an excellent quality. I am curious to know whether it will prove itself drought-proof, and yield its usual quota of nectar this year. From the editorial paragraph in the Review, it seems they have basswood expectations in Michigan. We have none here, whatever. A new crop of leaves has hidden the black- ened remains of the first leafing-out, but buds and blossoms there are none. The drought is local, but I am inclined to think extends over a large portion of Canadian beedom. There have been abundant rains within a few miles of me in various directions, and I am inclined to think that many districts of country will give their usual favorable returns of the honey harvest. But, in some sections, the summer losses will exceed those of the past winter, though it was an exceptionally severe one. Experiments in Wintering Bees. In the Bee-Keepers' Review for June, a series of experi- ments is reported by Mr. R. L. Taylor, which furnishes much food for thought. A lot of 37 colonies was weighed according to several characteristics. The average strength of the whole number was 6.59 ; average fall weight, 53.52 lbs.; average spring weight, 42.20 lbs.; average consumption, 11.32 lbs.; average consumption per unit of strength, 1.72 lbs. In four tables the classification is according to the absence and to the different degrees of the voiding of excrement. One table in- cludes those which showed none of these signs. The amount consumed by the bees in this class was 1.57 lbs. per unit of strength. Ten colonies that showed signs of excrementitious matter in the smallest degree consumed 1.75 lbs. per unit of strength. Seven colonies that showed the existence of diar- rhea to a moderate extent, consumed 1.84 lbs. per unit of strength. Three colonies that showed much voiding of ex- crement consumed 2.11 lbs. per unit of strength. It will thus be seen that the amount of stores consumed increases steadily with the evidence of a deposit of excrement. Whether the too great consumption of food caused the voiding of excrement, or whether the conditions leading to the voiding caused the con- sumption, or whether some other condition, such as moisture. was the cause of both, does not appear from these experi- ments, but will be enquired into later on. It is to be regretted that no colonies wintered exclusively on sugar stores figure in these experiments. These experi- ments do little more than confirm the importance of quietude and freedom from uneasiness as necessary to the best winter- ing of bees. Some experiments in upward ventilation lead Mr. Taylor to the conclusion that upward ventilation tends to increase the accumulation of feces, and also to decrease the strength of the colony, the reason probably being that an upward move- ment of the air disquiets the bees and causes a larger propor- tion than otherwise would to leave the cluster and perish. The six strongest colonies in the lot of 37, consumed stores in the proportion of 1.34 to the unit of strength. The five weakest consumed no less than 2.37 lbs. per unit of strength. This result backs up Father Langstroth's old-time advice pub- lished in capital letters : "Keep all colonies strong." Mr. Taylor's summing up of this series of experiments is as follows : " These results are not particularly surprising, perhaps, for more heat comparatively would be lost from a weak col- ony, and this loss must be made good by increased consump- tion, but having these results in mind and selecting and com- paring the colonies heaviest in stores with those lightest in that respect, one would be apt to be somewhat surprised, for the division appears to be upon much the same lines as in the last two tables, since in many cases the heaviest colonies are strongest, and the lightest weakest. I selected the 12 heavi- est, one weighing without its bottom-board more than 60 pounds when put into the cellar, and I found their average strength 7.75, average fall weight 63.46, average consump- tion 14.33 lbs., and the consumption per unit of strength 1.85 lbs. The nine lighter ones had an average strength of 5.11, average fall weight of 41 lbs., and an average consump- tion of 7.93 lbs., and the consumption per unit of strength 1.55 lbs., the consumption of the heaviest being in excess by more than 19 per cent. These results suggest that a great surplusage of stores causes unnecessary consumption, and it might be suspected that there had been an overestimation of the strength of the lighter colonies, but a careful comparison with the results in tables G and H, where the suggestion would be that the weaker ones had been underestimated, would have a tendency to remove that suspicion. These re- results and these tables in reality seem to emphasize — in fact to prove each other." We appear to be still in the fog as to the means whereby the consumption of stores can be reduced to a minimum with- out weakening the colony. All bee-keepers of any consider- able experience have occasionally been surprised at the small quantity of stores on which a colony has wintered. If Mr. Taylor could ascertain by a course of experimentation how to winter bees on the smallest possible consumption of stores, he would earn the warmest thanks of bee-keepers generally. The Viper's Bugloss. Since writing the article on " Summer Losses " I have been ransacking ray somewhat limited library for information about this plant, and find very little. The botanical species to which it belongs is called Erhiuin from Echis, a viper, from the resemblance of the seeds to a viper's head. What the word "bugloss" imports, I have not been able to make out. The kind that grows as a weed is known as Ec/tium iiuigare. Zell's Cyclopedia says of it: "A rough plant, with large, handsome, violet-colored flowers, found in fields and waste grounds." It is deemed worthy of a place in the " Cottage Gardeners' Dictionary," a valuable English publication, and ranks among plants grown in hot-houses. " American Weeds and Useful Plants " is very severe on it, not only stigmatizing it as a " vile weed," but as a sad pest wherever it establishes itself. I cannot for the life of me see anything execrable about it. There is no difficulty in exterminating it, if one desires to do so. It is evidently a very hardy plant, and has the faculty of flourishing in barren soils and desolate places, which is a great virtue if it is worth anything for bee-forage. That is the kind of plant bee-keepers should encourage— one that will clothe waste-places with verdure, and without taking up land that may be devoted to valuable crops, make desert places fruitful to some extent. I would like to ask whether any reader of the American Bee Journal knows anything about the value, or otherwise, of this plant for honey-produc- tion. If it is worth anything to the bee-keeper, it is easy of multiplication, as it will grow both from seeds and cuttings. 460 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 18, Georo-c* ^V, YnrU^ - - Editor, PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, 66 Flftb Avenue, - CHICAGO, ILL. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. [Entered at the Post-Offlce at Chicago as Second-Class Mall-Matter.] VoLinV. CHICAGO, ILL, JOLY 18, 1895. No. 29. Editorial Budgets Dr. Gallup, of Santa Ana, Calif., has sent me two photographic views of his beautiful home. One picture shows a neat eucalyptus grove, which. Dr. G. says, "speaks louder than words of the marvelous growth of trees aud vines in our land of perpetual summer." He wrote July 3, that Hon. J. M. Hambaugh and family had arrived in Southern California from Illinois — "the result of his coming to see California for himself." I'm afraid Dr. Gallup has "fallen in love" with the Golden State. But I don't blame him any for it. It must be a good place, or Prof. Cook wouldn't have gone back there to live and labor. Many thanks for the nice pictures, Dr. Some day I hope to meet and greet you in your earthly " summerland," with its streams of honey and good-will. ■*—-* L,abel Gum or Mucilage.— In a foreign bee-paper is found this recipe for making a gum for sticking labels on glass, and most likely it would be successfully used in fasten- ing them on any kind of surface : Take white of an egg and beat it into a froth ; allow this to settle, and with a camel's-hair brush apply the liquid to the back of the label. This is afterward pressed on the glass by means of a clean cloth. This gum resists damp very well. Honey Crop Reports for 1895 are somewhat various. They range all the way from "bees starving " to what Editor Leahy said in the July Progressi.e, about the honey-flow at Higginsville, Mo., viz.: " Never lor years have we had such a honey-flow as has been this season." While I sincerely wish that every bee-keeper in the land might have a satisfactory honey crop this year, still I agree with the writer of a sentiment I read a few days ago, that bee-keepers should not be discouraged as might reasonably be the farmer when he meets with crop failure, for the latter then has his outlay of much preparatory labor and often large financial investment in land all for nothing, while the bee- keeper frequently has but little money invested, and when there is no honey crop there is also less work to be done in the apiary. Also, the majority of bee-keepers do not depend alone upon the bees, so that if a honey failure does come they go on as before with their other labor, and though the bees do not invariably bring them a profit, they also do not cause severe lessor inconvenience. I trust that no one will be discouraged, but press onward in the apicultural race, possessing the assurance that some day their turn will come to receive the blessing of an abun- dant honey harvest. Xhe Xortb American CouTention will meet in Toronto, Ont., Canada, Sept. 4. 5 and 6 — less than two months from now. The sessions will be held in the auditorium of the Normal School, and all the necessary arrangements are being rapidly completed. The prospects are that there will be reduced rates from the Atlantic to the Mississippi, at least, and it is hoped that our Western friends may also be provided for with a reduction in transportation e.tpenses. The Executive Committee is working on the program, which is sure to be a good one. Secretary Hutchinson is in such close touch with the whole field of apicultural ability, that if a splendid feast is not furnished, those who attend will know whom to blame. It is a settled thing that our Canadian brethren (and "sisteren") will strain every nerve (and almost break their backs) to make the coming convention the finest and largest ever held by the Association. And they'll do it. They know how. I would very much like to attend, but whether I can go or not, I hope everybqdy else will be there to enjoy the " feast of reason and flow of soul " that is being stored up for the occasion. As soon as a definite program and arrangements are com- pleted, they will be puj)lished so that all may know what to expect. < > » "Observer" — who does the observing for the Pro- gressive Bee-Keeper — observes that it would not be well for the North American and the Bee-Keepers' Union to form any "matrimonial alliance." He says: " Don't do it. The Union has done noble work as it is. Better let well enough alone in this case. I will let abler writers than I say if I am not right." Maybe "Observer" can seethe "end from the beginning," and "feels it in his bones" that there might be a divorce called for some day in case the "wedding" is consummated. Personally, I favor making " one " of the twain, as both are old enough and sensible enough to live peaceably together. Besides, " In union there is strength." "White Clover seems to have been a failure again this year in most localities, but the basswood gave promise of an abundant yield in many parts of the country. Gleanings for July 1 had this to say about the honey prospects : Basswoods are blooming beautifully ; and the frequent and warm rains that we are now having give promise of an abundant honey-flow from that source. Letters go to show that white clover has been largely a failure almost every- where. If any one has secured a fine crop of white clover honey, let him hold up his hand. There is going to be a crop of honey in California ; but, as Rambler says, it will not be such a very large one after all. The Progressive Bee-Keeper sports an illus- trated calendar at the head of its editorial page each month. A portion of the artistic design in the July number suggests a St. Joseph, Mo., " variety show " or " musee " I once heard Bro. A. I. Root and Dr. Miller endeavor to describe. May be the Progressive is helping to boom one of " St. Joe's" indus- tries, on the score of State pride ! I think Rev. E. T. Abbott will have to give our Progressive friends a " short sermon," though if it be as " short " as " Sweet Marie's " frock, shown in the July calendar, it can hardly be called a "sermon." Bee-Paral>'SiS. — In reply to a question from a sub- scriber, as to the symptoms and treatment of bee-paralysis, Mr. Roberts, of Alderman & Roberts, writes thus : The symptoms of bee-paralysis, or " nameless bee-disease," are, first, a shiny black color, then swollen abdomens, slug- gish movements and quivering of wings. The remedy given on page 3d4 should be applied every week. I seldom have to use more than two applications. J. B. Roberts. Wewahitchka, Fla. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 461 Prof. Cook and Entomology.— The following announcement has come into my hands. All who can do so, should avail themselves of its offers : Important to Fruit-Geowers. — Every fruit-grower should have some knowledge of insects ; should know his friends from his enemies, and the methods whereby the latter may be conquered. Under competent instruction this knowl- edge may be gained in a few weeks. Alive to this fact, an arrangement has been made with Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona College, to give a course of instruction in entomology, to con- tinue four weeks from July 15, 1895, at Long Beach, Calif., in connection with the Chautauqua Assembly. Prof. Cook has had long and successful experience in such work, and will make the instruction very practical and valuable. Long Beach is one of the pleasantest and most inexpen- sive of all the Pacific Coast seaside resorts. The Chautauqua Assembly also makes it still more desirable as a place to rest, recreate and gain valuable instruction. Courses will also be given in Physiology, Botany and Marine Zoology. In each course diagrams, models, and microscopes will greatly aid in the study of the real plants and animals. The modern lab- oratory method will be used exclusively, so that the work will be fascinating as well as improving. Terms. — §6.00 per course ; or §5.00 in case the student holds a Chautauqua ticket. Instruction for the 10 days of the regular Chautauqua work will be only one-half the above rates. For further information apply to Prof. A. J. Cook, Pomona College, Claremont, Calif. A Spirit of Jealousy probably inspired a good deal of the adverse criticism or fault-finding concerning what a few imaginative bee-people are pleased to call a " mutual admiration society " among bee-keepers. If those who do not like to hear others well spoken of unless they can share in it, would turn in and do or say something really meritorious them- selves, perhaps they might win at least a few words of just commendation. Surely, by so doing they would make them- selves happier, as well as others. Sensible people soon "spot" the chronic croakers, and then — why, just let 'em croak ! A migratory Bee-Keeper is now found in Michi- gan in the person of J. A. Pearce,of Kalamazoo. The Frank- fort, Mich., " Express," published in Benzie county, recently printed this item : Bees in Benzie Counts'. — Last weak J. A. Pearce brought in a carload of bees from Kent county. He states that the snowless winters and dry summers have destroyed the white clover and other foliage plants to such an extent that there will be little or no honey produced in that locality. His apiary is located just up the river valley from Frankfort, where he reports his bees doing finely. We often hear some of our people lamenting about the deep snow and its staying on so long. He says if Kent county could have our snow and have it remain as it does here, it would be worth hundreds of thousands of dollars to them. Do not kick on the snow. The Anti-Honey- Adulteration L.a-w of Cali- fornia has been referred to in these columns several times re- cently. Mr. C. H. Clayton, of Lang, Calif., on July 1, wrote me as follows concerning it: Referring to the editorial on page 412, " Against Honey Adulteration," I take tha liberty to send you a copy of our law on the subject. I think it will prove of interest to all the readers of the Bee Journal. There was another anti-adultera- tion law passed at the same session of the legislature, which embraces in its terms all articles olfood and drink. C. H. Clayton. The " copy" of the law kindly sent by Mr. Clayton, reads thus : CHAPTER CIV.— An Act to prevent the sale of imitation or adulterated honey, and to provide a punishment therefor. (Approved March 26, 1895.) Section 1. Any person who, by himself or an agent, sells or offers for sale, or in any way disposes of, any substance or composition of the appearance of honey, or which in color, consistency, and taste resembles honey, but is not honey — the natural product of the bee, or a pure extract therefrom — upon the representation or claim or pretense that the same is honey, or a pure extract therefrom, is guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of one hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail for three months, or by both such fine and imprisonment. Sec. 2. For the purposes of this Act, " pure extract of honey " is honey extracted from the comb without the addi- tion of any other substances. Sec. 3. This Act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. Now if the California authorities will see to it that the above law is strictly enforced, the adulteration of honey in that State may soon be a thing of the past. Other States would do well to have a similar law enacted, then, with proper enforcement of them all, the conscienceless adulterators of honey would soon be driven out of their nefarious business. Foul Brood seems to make itself felt in various localities this summer. Quite a number of subscribers to the Bee Journal have sent in descriptions of what they fear is the dread disease, and desire directions for its treatment and eradication. This has been published so many times in the Bee Journal, that it seems almost useless to go all over the subject again when about all that is known in regard to it is to be found in the three pamphlets by Dr. Howard, Prof. Cheshire and Mr. Kohnke. The first named contains Mr. McEvoy's treatment and a review of the work of others in their experiments with foul brood and its treatment. The combined price of the three pamphlets is 60 cents, or 50 cents when all are taken at one time. Every bee-keeper should have them, so as to be able to spot the disease upon its first appearance. The pamphlets can be ordered from this ofiBce. In speaking of this matter in last Gleanings, Editor Root says : I think it greatly behooves all intelligent and progressive bee-keepers, when they know of cases of foul brood, to offer, if need be, the owner of the infested stock their services, and furnish them foundation, frames, and a new hive. By a little effort on the part of bee-keepers who keep themselves well informed, they may be able to avert disaster to their own apiary, by aiding an unfortunate neighbor whose bees may have the disease and their owner unable to cure it. /KnfOXfQ i1r)c Bee-Papers Gl&aned by £>r, Alill&r, CLIPPING QUEENS' WINGS. In nearly every apiary, where the manager can or is ex- pected to be present during the swarming season, I should ad- vise the clipping of all laying queens in the apiary; in fact, I should as soon think of going back to box-hives as to the manag- ing of an apiary where the queens have wings so they could fly out with the swarm, where I was working the same for comb honey. I said, "in vicarJy every apiary." Why I said this was, there are a very few localities in the United States where ants are so thick on the ground, and about the hives, that it would not be safe to allow the queens to be out on the ground for any length of time, else they would be killed by these same ants. But as such a place or places are rare ex- ceptions, it would be safe to say that I would always clip the wings of all queens in the apiary as soon as laying. — Doolit- tle, in Gleanings. NEW vs. OLD methods OF REARING CELLS. We have something over 250 queen-rearing colonies in our home yard. After having tried very faithfully all the later methods, such as artificial cell-cups, rearing cells in the upper story of a strong colony having a queen in the lower story separated by a perforated zinc, and all such new meth- ods, we have gone back to the good old ways. The artificial cell-cups are too expensive to make — at least, for us ; too ex- 462 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 18, pensive to put in royal jelly and iarvse ; and then, worse than all, we find that too large a percentage of them are rejected. Completing the cells in the upper story of astrong colony with a queen below, works sometimes, and sometimes not. The uncertainty of the plan has caused us to abandon it for a good strong colony of queenless bees. We save all our cell-cups, and cells from first-elass breeders, and put the frame or frames containing them into the queenless colony or colonies on hand for that purpose. There is thus a certainty of results ; and where we are selling as many queens as we now are, we always have quite a number of partially completed cells from choice breeders that have been sold out a few days previously. By this plan our cells really cost us nothing, any more than the time of taking out the frames with the cells thereon, and putting them into one or two special queenless colonies, by them to be completed. — Gleanings. EXPERIMENTER TAYLOR'S REPORTS. The editor of Gleauings owns up that he can't always readily get the exact bearing on the tables and reports of the experiments at the Michigan station as given in Review, and hints that he would like to have Mr. Taylor give more dis- tinctly his views as to the lessons to be learned, saying, " Surely Mr. Taylor can interpret his own figures more cor- rectly." It's quite a compliment to bee-keepers, as well as an indi- cation of his own fairness, that Mr. Taylor is willing to set before us tables of facts with very little comment, as if to say : "There are the facts, gentlemen; you are intelligent enough to make proper use of them ; just help yourselves to the facts, and draw whatever conclusions you like." Yes, Brother Tay- lor, we're a smart lot— don't think for a minute we need any help from you ; but, then, if you don't mind, just do the same as though we weren't so smart, and say over the lessons we're to learn from those tables. SWEET CLOVER FOR FORAGE AND HONEY. Gleanings has always been conservative on the matter of sweet clover, or at least has been rather quiet, but now comes out in the following enthusiastic style : " There is no better honey in the world than that from sweet clover, and there is no plant that I have ever found that would grow with such thrift and vigor on the poorest, hardest, unfertilized and uncultivated roadside. Besides all that, it is a valuable forage-plant. We cut it for our horses, and they eat it with more avidity now, since they have learned how, than anything else in the line of green feed or cured hay. Some people call it a weed ; but it is an exceedingly valudhle weed. Let your stock get used to it and they will eat up every bit of it, even the hard and dry seed stalks. I believe it succeeds rather better on hard, dry clay, or gravelly clay, than on sandy soil, for I never saw any of it in Florida — that is, to amount to anything." WAS LANGSTROTH THE INVENTOR OF THE MOVABLE-FRAME HIVE ? An item is copied in (rleaiiings trying to show that Langs- troth is not entitled to the credit he receives as an inventor. The editor is inclined to credit the item to the pen of C. J. Robinson, a pretty safe guess to make, as Mr. Robinson is perhaps the only man living so pitifully destitute of fairness as to want to pluck from the brow of Father Langstroth his well-earned laurels. The sad feature in the case is that papers are so ignorant on such matters as to be willing to print what Mr. Robinson says. Gleanings says : " Such kind of writing at this time is in keeping with the claims of those who say Columbus did not discover America simply be- cause he found men here when he landed, so the natives must have been ahead of him." A SWARM-HIVER. B. Taylor illustrates in Gleanings a bee-hiver that he thinks will work as well as any that can be made, and then bluntly says he doesn't think it or any other swarm-hiver is of praatical value to the honey-producer working for profit. WHAT ONE COLONY DID. A colony in a 10-frame hive stored 237 lbs. in 2-lb. sec- tions— not by guess, but by actual weight. This is the largest yield I ever got from a single colony. I also made four new colonies from this one, and had them in first-class condition for winter. It was done in this way : This colony, which was a very strong one, got the swarming-fever just at the be- ginning of the white clover fiow. I did not wait for them to swarm, but removed all their brood, and gave them frames with only narrow starters of foundation in them. Now, I be- eve that according to theory, a colony thus treated should not store any or work in sections until the brood-nest is full. But in actual practice a colony thus treated will, if the super is put on with one or two bait-sections, and the rest filled with full sheets of foundation, go to work in them at once — that is, in a good flow. I took those frames of brood with but very few bees on them, and divided thera up into four hives ; and as soon as a few bees in each hive had hatched, I gave them a laying queen, and then built them up by feeding and giving thera frames with full sheets of foundation as fast as they could use them. At this time of the year it is warm, and no danger of robbing, and they will build up faster than one would suppose. — C. Davenport, of Southern Minnesota, in Gleanings. WIDE TOP-BARS IN D0UBLE-BR00D-NB8T HIVKS. An editorial in Gleanings says experiments show that queens are loth to go back and forth from one chamber to the other, the editor saying : " I feel more convinced than ever that wide top-bars for double brood-nests are not the thing ... .1 cannot but feel that the slightest barrier through the center of the brood-nest is somewhat of an obstruction, and a waste of brood-space. The narrower this barrier or top-bar, the less the obstruction." But he thinks wide and deep top- bars are no hindrance to the worker-bees. EUCALYPTUS HONEY IN AU.STRALIA. " Honey from box is generally considered the best, though that from iron-bark, shiny-bark, and some of the gums is ex- cellent." '^ Not a single variety of eucalyptus yields a honey that has ■what is known as the eucalyptus flavor. A few years back some bright genius mixed a small quantity of eucalyptus ex- tract into a quantity of honey, and tried to sell it in England as Australian honey for its medicinal properties. Of course, it was unfit for the table, and of course it gave Australian honey a bad name. It would have been all right if sold as a medi- cine, and labeled ' Eucalyptus and Honey.' " " Eucalyptus extract is a volatile oil, double-distilled from, I believe, the blue-gum only, though I have no doubt it could be obtained from other eucalypti. It is used here very largely in the treatment of colds, sore throats, etc." — J. D. Ward, in Gleanings. EXTRA COMBS IN SPRING. Emma Wilson says in Gleanings : "We have decided most emphatically that eight frames are not enough for some of our queens, as some of our strongest colonies have 10 and 11 frames of brood. In the spring, as soon as a colony gets pretty strong, say with about five frames of brood, we put an extra story of brood-combs under the colony. We have two objects in view in doing this. First, if the queen feels crowded and wants more room, she can enlarge the brood-nest at her pleasure. Second, the combs are nicely taken care of by the bees, and, if not needed, no harm is done. " We hoped that, by giving our strong colonies that extra story of combs under, it would do away with the swarming- fever ; but I am sorry to say I cannot see that it makes much difference. Nearly always we find queen-cells in these colo- nies first, not because of the extra stories, but because they are the strongest colonies. Now, we know that the Dadants have little or no swarming because they use large hives and give the queen plenty of room. What's the trouble with our colonies ? Are not ifi frames enough for the queen ? That's more room than the Dadants give. Is it because they are in two stories ? The queen seems to go readily from one story to another, and we find five and six frames of brood in each story, and queen-cells started. What's the trouble ?" The McEvoy Foul Brood Treatment is given in Dr. Howard's pamphlet on " Foul Brood ; Its Natural History and Rational Treatment." It is the latest publication on the subject, and should be in the hands of every bee-keeper. Price, 25 cents ; or clubbed with the Bee .Journal for one year —both for .$1.10. ■*-'-»• Honey as JPood aiiiw tout brood or bee-paralysis. Untested Queen Z>escriptii'e J*rice-/-ist i-'roe. F. A. LOCKHART & CO., LAKE GEORGE, N. Y. f^' Be sure to mention the American Bee Journal when you write. _^J \/-^^ I I Have conclude ' il I °f those hard, \ A II I untested, eitbi ' I \J \J laiis, lor 50 75e.: G for $4. 27D-Jt CoDTentlon notices. California.— The next meeting of the Tu- lare County Bee-Keepers' Association will-be held in Visalla, Aug. 14, 1895. All interested are invited. J. E. Young, Sec. Visalia, Calif. Texas.— The Texas State Bee-Keepers' As- sociation will meet at Greenville, Tex., Aug-. 21 and 22, 1895. Good premiums are offered for best exhibits. All are invited to attend. Deport, Tex. W. H. White, Sec. Tennessee.— The next annual meeting of the East Tennessee Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion will be held at Mulberry Gap, Tenn., on August 16, 1895. The members are urjred to attend and all bee-keepers are invited to be present. H. F Coleman, Sec. Sneedville, Tenn. Wajits or Excliajiges. This department Is only for your " Wants" or bona-fide '• Exchanges," and such will be Inserted here at 10 cents a line for each time, when specially ordered into this depart- ment. Exchanges for cash or for price-lists, or notices offering articles for sale, will not be Inserted here— such belong in the regular advertising columns, at regular rates. TO EXCHANGE- Organ. F. 27Atf -Bees and Queens for an C. Morrow. Wallaceburg, Ark. TO EXCHANGE— Lossing's " Civil War in America" (3 vols.), for Honey. Address, J. C. York, Alliance, Ohio. Xlie 1S05 Crane Smoker, made by The A. I. Root Co., of Medina, Ohio, is a good one. I have been trying it this year, and it exactly "fills the bill." Oh, what a smoke it gives out! It holds flre well, too, and has a powerful blast. Among the many other excellent implements used in a well-equipped apiary, I doubt if there is any that is so nearly perfect as the smokers of to-day. And the Crane "gets there." Price, by express, 1..50; by mail, S1.S5. Hinders tor this size of the American Bee Journal we can furnish for 75 cents each, postpaid; or we will club it with the Bee Journal for a year — both for SI. SO. We have a few of the old size {(5x9) Binders left, that we will mail for only 40 cents each, to close them out. A Cirand Itce-Snioker is the one offered by W. C. R. Kemp, Orleans, Orange Co., Ind. It has a 3-inch fire-barrel, burns all kinds of fuel, and is simple, efficient and durable. Send 100 cents for a sample smoker, and you will have a rare bargain. Qci;)eral Itetrjs^ Bees Did Fairly Well. Bees here have done fairly well— marvel- ously for such a season. T. F. Bingham. Abronia, Mich., July 1. Good Prospects for Honey. Prospects are very good now for honey. We have had quite a rain tor the last 36 hours, which will cheer up everybody, and the bees, too, J. C. Knoll. Glenwood, Nebr., June 38. Busy on tlie Basswood. I keep 100 colonies of bees. I had heavy loss last winter, but I have still a very good number. They are very busy on basswood ; they commenced gathering honey June 15. Quebec, Canada, June 37. M. Gagne. Satisfied with Bee-Keeping. We cannot get along without the Ameri- can Bee Journal. We have succeeded very well in bee-keeping during the last few years. My apiary now numbers 300 colo- nies. Last year we sold about $3.50 worth of honey, and expect to double the amount this year. G. A. Creast. Mt. Airy, Va., July 1. Taking a Fine Crop of Honey. We are taking a very fine crop of honey this season. Although 50 per cent, of cur bees perished last year, in consequence ot the great drouth, they have already more than made up in increase this year. The prospect for honey in Southern California tor the future is booming. S. B. KiMMELL. Diamente, Calif., July 3. Drone-Trap — Good Results in 1894. I have a new trap — one ot my own make. It is not like any old one that I have seen. This one will catch drones as well when they get out as when the trap is put on be- fore they get out. It will catch them going out or going in. My papa has 70 colonies ot bees, and some ot them stored 100 pounds ot comb honey last year, while all of the reports I saw from this State said "no honey." We have taken the " old reliable " Bee Journal for five or six years, and like it very much. J. H. Ditson. Hutton Valley, Mo., June 31. A Bee-Woman's Report. Every time I read the Bee Journal I feel like writing something about my bees, or asking some questions. There is no one else in our town that keeps bees. Some have tried, but they do not succeed, because they know nothing about them. I love my bees, and take the greatest interest in them. I began with one colony, bought •• A B C of Bee- Culture," and would read and then go and look at my bees. I would read about them every day, and look at the bees every few days, until I became acquainted with them, and could understand what I was reading about. The second year 1 had three colonies to start the season with, and from them two swarms issued. I got no surplus honey that year that was good ; the tew pounds I did get was so poor we could not eat it — it had a sour, bitter taste. The third year I had five colonies to start with ; I had five swarms, making 10 colonies of bees, and I took 393 pounds of honey. I think that did very well consid- ering my experience and the location. I live within live miles ot the heart ot Cincin- 464 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July IS, ONE-PIECE SECTIONS-CHEAP I In Order to Reduce Our Stock, We Otfer Ko. 1 CREAM SECTIONS -4iix4KixT-to-lt.: 15,i, 17.. 1 15-16 and 2 inch : 1000 tor $1.50. 5000 at $1.40 per M. 10.000 at Si. 3.3 per M. No. 1 WHITE SECTIONS — 514x6^x2, open on two 5!4 sides : 1000 for %'i.aO. 5000 at $3.35 per M. 10,000 at $2.25 per M. Gr. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis. California If you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers. CliiDate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy ol California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural PKper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly. l»«Bdsomely illustrated, $2.40 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL PRESS, 220 Market St.. - SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. BEGINNERS. Beginners should have a copy of the Amateur Bee-Keeper, a 70-page book by Prof. J. W. Rouse. Price 25 cents; if sent by mail. 28c. The little book and the Progressive Bee-Keeper (a live, pro- gressive 28-page monthly journal) one year, 65c. Address any first-class dealer, or IiEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo. IPIARIAN SUPPLIES ^-^^l.?^f^l. Keeper "—how to manage bees, etc.— 25 cts. The** Model Coop." for hen and her brood Wyandotte, Langshan and Leghorn Eggs foi ikalchlng. Cat. free, imt state what vou wani J. W. KOUSE & CO. , Mexico, Mo. ^ BIG DROPS of water has made the vegetation. Now the sun shines — the Honey wells up — the Bees gather it, and every Bee-Keeper should have all needed Supplies at once. Catalogue Free. Thos. G. Kewnian, ^^l^i^lT^H^^- EVERY FARMER SHOULD HAVE A HANDY TOOL-HOLDER ! Sent by Express, for $1.50 ; or with tiic Bee Journal one year — both for $2.00. Every Manufacturer, Miller. Carpenter, Ciibinet Maker, Machinist. Wheelwright and Qu.irTyman, Farmer, or any one using a grind- sttints, should have one of these Tool-Holders. One boy can do the work of two persons, and criud much faster, easier and with perfect aeturacy. Will hold any kind of tool, from (tii« smallest chisel to a draw shave or ax. X2tra attachment for sharpening scythe Mades included in the above price. The work tedone without wetting the hands or soiling \ha clothes, as the water flows from the opera- lor. Jt can be attached to auy size stoue for l^ud or steam power, is always ready fi ir use, mothing togetoutof order, and is absolutely worth 100 times i)s rost. Kofarm is well-equipped un- less it has a Tool-Holder. Pays lor itself in a short time. now to Use the Holder. Dii'.ECTiONS.— The Tool is fas- tened securely In the Holder by &s*'t-screw and can be ground t[> any desired bevel by insert- ing the arm of the Holder into altirilieror luwernotch of the MHiidard. While turning the cni.uk with the right hand, the Jeft rests on an steadies the Bolder ; the Tool is moved to tike right or left across the etooe, or examined while grind- llQf^asreadily and in the same way as if held in th'i hands. Forgrinding Round - Edge T*)*!** the holes in the stand- ard are used Instead of the ■otcbes. Address, GEORGE W. YORK & CO nati, and in the center of a little town of 8,000, so you see my bees have to go some little distance to pasture. White clover does not yield much if any honey around here. What the bees get is principally from sweet clover. I got no honey at all last year, but hope for better things this year. Mrs. G. S. Stevens. Norwood, Ohio, May IS. Bees Doing Well. Bees are doing well in this locality. C. C. Parsons. Bessemer, Ala., June 25. Basswood Killed by Frost. The frost killed all the basswood in this part of the State, so we shall have a very short honey season at best. We are now in the very best of the bloom, and it is cold and wet. M. F. Cram. W. Brookfield, Vt., June 25. Flax Does Yield Honey. I see the question in the American Bee Journal— " Does flax yield honey, and do bees gather it ? I am in a flax country, and grow it myself extensively. Seeing this question, 1 looked through my flax and found it booming with bees. I examined the honey-sac of one bee and found it well filled with clear nectar, so I would say flax does yield honey, and that bees gather it. Alex. Smith. Hill's Green, Ont., June 29. Clover a Total Failure — Flax. I never saw clover bloom better than it has here, but it was too dry for it to yield nectar. There is about 100 acres of Alsike within one mile of my bees. If it rains in July I will get some fall honey yet. I see on page 394 M. R. asking if flax yields honey. Flax yields both honey and pollen in some seasons : the pollen is blue, and the honey is dark and of peculiar flavor. Rickel, 111., June 25. Jacob Wirth. Sulphur for Paralysis— Red Cloyer. Last spring I had two colonies that were badly affected with bee-paralysis, there being as much as a quart of dead bees in front of each hive. About that time 1 saw the sulphur cure mentioned in the Bee Journal. 1 procured the powdered sulphur, put it in a pepper-box, and opened the hives and sifted the sulphur between the frames and over the top-bars, and in less than one week there was not a diseased bee in either colony, and there is none at this time. There is but little white clover here, and basswood bloom is all frozen. Bees are working on red clover, and doing reason- ably well. N. W. SnuLTZ. Shreve, Ohio, July 2. Bees, Losses. Prospects, Etc. Since spring really opened and came off favorable, bees had been doing exceedingly well in this section up to May 18. when we had a real freeze here, and in the surround- ing country. Since then bees have been nearly at a stand still, as all blossoms that were out at that time were wholly destroyed or badly damaged ; in fact, we had several frosts and freezes right along. Fruit was nearly all destroyed; clover and grasses badly damaged by the cold, and now are badly dried up by the severe drouth. So our only hope, and the poor bees' only chance, are the white daisies, which are abundant here, and 1 notice the bees are gathering honey quite fast just now from that source; but the daisies will soon fail unless we get rain very soon, for it is get- ting exceedingly dry here. Those of us who succeeded in wintering our bees with but very little loss, have been somewhat fortunate in one respect at least, 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 465 A Bi^ Offer to Present Subscribers Only ! 50 cts. Worth of Books Free! Read On! We win give to any present regular subscriber to the Bee Journal, 50 cents' worth of the books described below for each new subscriber sent us for a year at $1.00. Send on the new sub- scribers and select the books you want. This Is an easy way to get some good books. No premium will also be given to the new subscriber. Now, everybody hustle up I BEE-BOOKS SENT POSTPAID BY Geor2:e W. York & Co., Chicago, Ills. Bees and Houey, or Management of nn Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomns G.Newman.— This edition has been largely re-written, tburoughly revised, and Is ** fully up with the times " iu all the Improvements and Inventions In this rnpldly-devel- oping pursuit, and presents the upijirlst with everything that Clin aid In tlie successful manage- ment of an apiary, and at the same time produce the most lioney In an attractive condltlun. It con- tains 250 pages, and 245 Illustrations— Is beautifully printed in tiie hlgiioststvle of the art, and bound In cloth, gold-lettered. Price. $1.0U. rjanffstroth on the Soney-See, revised by Dadant— This classic In bee-culture, has been entirely re-wrltteu. and Is fully Illustrated. It treats of everytlilng relating to bees and bee-keep- ing. No apiarian library Is complete without this standard woric by Rev. L. L.. Jjangstroth — the Father of American Bee-Culture. It has 520 pages; bound In cloth. Price, $1.40. Bee*B.eeper8* Guide* or Manual of the Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of the Michigan Agri- cultural College.— This book Is nut only Instructive and helpful us a guide In bee-keei-'lng. but is Interesting and thoroughly practical and scientific. It contains a full delineation of the anatomy and physiology of bees. 400 pages ; bound In cloth and fully Illustrated. Price. jSclentlflc Qiieen-Kearlng, as Practically Applied, by G. Jl. Duollttle-— A method by which the very best of (,>aeen-Bee3 are reared in perfect accord with Nature's wav. ITt' pages, bound In cloth, and Illustrated. Price, $1.00. A B C of Bee-CuUure, by A. I. Root.— A cyclopiedla of 400 pages, describing everything pertalniug to the care of the honey-bees. It con- tains 300 engravings. It was written especially for beginners Bound In cloth. Price, $1.25. Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.— The author of this work Is too well known to need further description of his book. He Is a practical and entertaining writer. You should read lils book. 90 pages, bound In paper, and Illustrated. Price, 50 cts. Rational Bee-Keeping, by Dr. John Dzlerzon — This Is a translation of his latest German book on bee-culture. It has 350 pages; bound in cloth, $1.25; In paper covers. $1.00 Bfenen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newnan.— This Is a German translation of theprlnclpr' por- tion of the biHjk called Bees of Honey. 10^ page pamphlet. Price, 40 cents. Convention Hand-Book, for Bee-Keepers. Thomas G. Newman.— It contains the parliamen- tary law and rules of order for Bee-Conventions— also Constitution and By-Laws, with subjects for discussion, etc. Cloth, gold-lettered. Price, 25 cts. Anierikaiii^clie Bleueiizuclit« by Hans Busehbauer.— Printed in German. A band-book on bee-keeping, giving the methods in use by the best American and German apiarists. Illustrated; las pages. Price. $1.(X). Thirty Years Among tlie Bees, by- Henry Alley.— Gives the results of over a quarter- century's experience in rearing queen-bees. Very latest work of the kind. Nearly lOO pages. Price, 5uc. Br. HoAvard's Book on Foul Brood. —Gives the McEvoy Treatment and reviews the ex- periments of others. Price, 2.) cts. Foul Brood Treatment^ by Prof. F. R. Cheshire.- Its Cause and Prevention. Price, 10 cts. Fonl Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.— Origin. Development and Cure. Price, 25 cts. Honey as Food and ITIedicine, by T. G. Newman.— A :i2-page pamphlet : just the thing to create a demand tor honey at home. Should be scattered freely. Contains recipes for Honey-Cakes, Cookies, Puddings, Foam, Wines, and uses of honey for medicine. Prices, prepaid— Single copy, 5 cts.; 10 copies, 3o cts.; .V)for$l.5t): HHifor $2.50; 250 for $5.5U; 5U0 forSlO.at; or 1000 for $15.00. When 250 or more are ordered, we will print the bee-keeper's card (free of cost) on the front cover page. Cmerson Binders, made especially for the Bee JoDRNAL, are convenient for preserving each number as fast as received. Not mailable to Canada. Price, 75 cts. Preparation of Honey for the Market, Including the production and care of comb and extracted honey. A chapter from Bees and HoxEY. Price, 10 cents. Bee-Pastura^e a Necessity. — This book sug gests what and bow to plan It is a chapter froD Bees and Uonev. Price, 10 cents. Swarmlne, Blvlfllns and Feeding.- Hints to beginners In apiculture. A chapter from BEE3 ANB HONEV. Price, 5 cents. Bees In "Winter, Chaff-Packing, Bee Houses and Cellars. This Is a chapter from BEES and Honey. Price. 5 cents. Tlie Hive I Use, by G. M. Doolittle. It details bis management of bees, and methods of producing comb honey. Price, 5 cents. Commercial Calculator, by C. Ropp.— A ready Calculator, Business Arithmetic and Ac- count-Book combined in one. Every farmer and businessman should have it. No, 1, bound in water proof leatherette, calf finish. Price, 40 cts. No. 2 in fine artificial leather, with pocket, silicate slate, and account-book. Price, 60 cts. Green's Kix Books on Fruit-Cnltnre, by Chas. A, Green.— Devoted ist, to Apple and Pear Culture; 2nd, Plum and Cherry Culture; 3rd, Rasp- berry and Blackberry Culture; 4th, Grape Culture; 5th. Strawberry Culture. 129 pp.; illustrated. 25 cts. Garden and Orchard, by Chas. A. Green. —Gives full instructions in Thinning and Marketing Fruits; Pruning, Planting and Cultivating; Spray- ing, Evaporation, Cold Storage, Etc. 94 pages, illus- trated. Price, 25 cts. Capons and Caponizing, by Dr. Sawyer, Fanny Field, and others.— Illustrated. All about caponizing fowls, and thus how to make the most money in poultry-raising. 64 pages. Price, 3U cts. How to Propasate and Grow Fruit, by Cbas. A. Green.— Brief instruotions in budding, grafting and layering: also propaga^tion of fruit trees, vines and plants. 72 pages. Price 25 cts Hoiv We JYIade tlie Old Farm Pay, by Chas. A. Green,— Gives bis personal experience on a fruit farm which he made yield a generous for- tune. 64 pages; illustrated. Price, 25 cts. Our Poultry Doctor, or Health in the Poultry Yard and How to Cure Sick Fowls, by Fanny Field,— Everything about Poultry Diseases and their Cure. 64 pages. Price, 30 cts. Poultry for Market and Poultry for Profit, by Fanny Field.— Tells everything about the Poultry Business. 64 pages. Price, 25 cts. Turkeys for Market and Turkeys for Profit, by Fanny Field.— All about Turkey-Raising. 64 pages. Price, 25 cts. Book ClubMiig Offers. The following clubbing prices include the American Bee Journal one year with each book named. Remember, that only one book can be taken in each case with the Bee Jour- nal a year at the prices named. If more books are wanted see postpaid prices given with the description of the books on this page. Following Is the clubbing-list: 1 Langstroth on the Honey-Bee $2.10 3. A B C of Bee-Culture 2.00 3. Bee-Keeper'8 Guide 1.75 4. Bees and Honey [Cloth bound] 1.65 5. Scientific Queen-Kearlng 1.65 6. Dr. Howard's Foul Brood Book 1.10 7. Advanced Bee-Culture 1.30 8. Amerikanlscho Bienenzucht [Germ.] 1.75 9. Blenen-Kultur [German] 1.25 10. Rational Bee-Keeping [Cloth bound] 2.00 11. Rational Bee-Keeping [Paper tound] 1.75 12. Thirty Years Among the Bees 1.30 13. Bee-Keeping lor Profit .. 1.15 14. Convention llaiul-Book 1.15 15. Poultry for Market and Profit 1.10 16. Turkeys for Market and Profit 1.10 17. Capons and Caponizing 1.10 18. Our Poultry Doctor 1.10 19. How We Made the Old Farm Pay 1.15 20. Green's Six Books on Fruit-Culture.. 1.15 21. Garden and Orchard 1.15 22. How to Propagate and Grow Fruit. . . 1.15 23. Rural Life 1.10 24. Emerson Binder for the Bee Journal. 1.60 25. Commercial Calculator, No. 1 1.25 26. Comme-clal Calculator, No. 2 1.40 while those who lost so heavily in bees Isist winter and spring, and were ready to buy, we had them to sell. One man who had lost about 200 colonies out of 335, purchased 50 from a neighbor not far from me. Another man who had lost 100 out of 138 colonies, purchased .50 of me. One year ago I sold 34 colonies, two years ago 77. Others lost, but not so heavily perhaps. They liT9 north of us, and some miles away. The prospect for bees here is very dis- couraging. No white honey will be storsdl, and not much else, judging from present prospects. H. F. Newton. Whitney's Crossing, N. Y., June 19. Flax — Burnt Sufjar. Answer to M. R., on page -304: Thre© years ago we had 40 acres of flax, aad although I paid special attention to it, I never saw as much as a single bee at worfc on the blossoms, although quite a consider- able number of wasps and butterflies could! be seen at work at all times of the day. To J. W. P. (same page) : I rather sus- pect that you have been feeding your bees on very badly burnt sugar. At least tha facts you mention give me that impression!. Please tell us how you feed sugar to bees. Burnt sugar may not prove disastrous to bees when they have honey in additiom, but when fed alone it is sure death. Chester Oak, Iowa. Bert Lownes. Bees and Strawberries, Etc. I have been much amused at the various writers in the Bee Journal in regard to bees and strawberries. I want to say thait my bees work on them day after day when in bloom. Also I want to say contrary to what some of the hi;/ writers say — they say bees work on only one kind of flowers at one time or load ; I have frequently seen them visit three or four different flowers at one trip or load. I can now see them go from hollyhock to mustard, and then to catnip. Bees have been swarming for six weeka, and some have nearly 30 pounds of surplas honey. Some of mine made $13 worth leist year. W. A. DiTSOX. Button Valley, Mo., June 33. No Nectar in the Flowers. Bees are very strong, lying out all over the front of the hives. They are not swarm- ing, nor are they working in the supers, although they seem to be working very busily, but don't seem to store any surplas honey. What can the matter be ? I harai over 60 colonies, but I don't think I wilt have 300 pounds of honey this season, if any at all. Some of my brother bee-keep- ers have not put on the supers yet. Is the fault in the season ? Is there no honey \m the flowers this season ? It has been very warm and dry here. Clover has not beea very abundant here this season. I have found the American Bee Journal a great help to me in the last year, aad hope to find it to be so in the future. Geo. H. Adkins. Street Road, N. Y., June 26. The Season in Iowa. ]Uy 60 colonies of bees came through the winter all right, without the loss of one. I took them out of the cellar about the first of April — they were then clean and dry. They are in the tight-bottom hives, aad when I put them into the cellar last Novem- ber, I took off the covers and turned back a part of the front end of the quilt or en- amel cloth, then laid two strips of boards across, and placed another hive on top. This gave them plenty of upward ventila- tion, and yet not directly through the cIu-t- ter. They built up quite fast on wUlow and dandelion bloom, but white clover seems to be a failure again ; there is some that is in full bloom in low places, but bees do not seem to work on it. Basswood will be a 466 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 18, partial failure along the river bottoms, and in deep hollows where most of the large trees grow. The buds %vere all killed by the frost the forepart of May; but on the hillsides and high ground there is quite a good deal that was not injured by the frost, and the buds are now just commencing to burst open. Crops of all kinds look well except grass and clover. N. Youxu. Ackley. Iowa, June '34. QUEENS ! Now ready by return mail, reared in full col- onies frorii the best honey-gathering: strains in America, at the following very low prices: Tested each $1.50 per ^1 dozen 8.00 Warranted purely-mated each .75 per K dozen 4.35 '• per dozeu .. 8.00 If you want Queens lor bukiiiess, get my oldVeliable strain. 40-p. descriptive Catalog Free. W. ^V. OAKY, Colralii, Mass. 27 Att Mtntion the A merican Bee Journal. PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION Has No Sag in Brood-Frames Thin Flat-Bottom FoiindatioD Has niu Fishbone in the Sarplos Honey. Being tbe cleanest Is usually worked the quickest of any Foundation made J. VAN DEISEN & SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Sprout Brook Montsomery Co., N. Y. Mentioii VwAmcriain BceJounuiL TAKE NOTICE! Before; placing your orders for SUP- PLIES, write for prices on 1-Piece Bass wood Sections, Bee-Hives. Shipping -Crates Frames. Foundation, Smokers, etc. PAGE & LYON MFG. CO. NEW LONDON, WIS. Mention the American Bee Journal ITALIAN QUEENS Untested, July to Oc».. 75c. eacli— 3 for $w.OO. Tested Queens, $1.00 each. By return mail. Satisfaction Guaranteed Send for Free Illustrated Circular to THEODORE BENDER, 28Atf 18 Fulton St.. CANTON. OHIO. Mention thejlmerican liet; Jatiniai. Hr* A .n1..-1C.n 1024 Mississippi St . M, iiCililll, St. Paul, Minn. Northwestern Agent For Thft A. I. Root Co.'s Apiarian Supplies Send for I BEES and Queens Price-List f For Sale. 21A17 MenlianUie AmtrwanBe' Journal AND LUNG DISEASES, DR. PEIRO, Specialist Offices: 1019, 100 State St., CHICAGO. Hours 9 to 4. Qneeiis and Iclei ! Untested Italian Queens, by return mall, 75c; Tested. $1. CO; Select Tested, *1.50. Nuclei, by express— per Frame, 75c. Address. C. E. MEAD, 87 Artesian Ave.. Station D. Chicago, III. Mention the A.merlcan Bee Journal. I HAVE invented a device that will catch and hold a Queen so one or all four wings can be clipped without the least danger of in- juring her either In catching or clipping. Sent nostpaid tor 50 cents. Send for Circular. C. inONETTE. 29Alt CHATFIELD. MINN. Honey & Beeswax Market Quotations. CHICAGO, III., June 7.— We haveourusual dull season which we look forward to and ex- pect. Honey is entirely forgotten during the months of June. July and August. The mar- ket is pretty well jleaned up of all grades of honey, so the prospects are encouraging for the coming season. We are getting i:j@14c. tor light comb. J. A. L. CHICAGO. III., May 23. — The trade in comb honey is very light at this time of the year — as it is between seasons. Soon we will get the new crop, and It will come on a bare market. Just now what little comb sells brings 14c. for the best grades. Extracted. 5!4@7c. All good grades of beeswax, 30c. R. A. B. &Co. CINCINNATI. O., July 8.— There is a good demand for extracted honey at 4@7c.. with a small supply on the market. Demand is fair for choice white comb honey at 12@14c. Beeswax Is in good demand at 25@.'!0c. for good to choice yellow. C. F. M. &S. KANSAS CITY, Mo., July 9.— Old stock of honey well cleaned up. Some new comb on tbe market. We quote: New comb. No. 1 white. 1-Ibs., 14@15c.; No. 2. I'2@l3c.; No. 1 amber, 12(ai3c.; No. 2. 10@llc. Extracted, white, 6J4@7c.; amber, .^©Sc. Beeswax. 2.5c. C. C. C. Sc Co. PHILADELPHIA, PA.. June 18.— The new crop of comb honey is arriving slowly, and is in fair demiind. No new extracted honey has arrived in this market as yet. We quote: Comb honey. 9@13c. Extracted. 4i4@6c. Beeswax is still declining. The adulteration of beeswa.x has demoralized our market this spring, and has hurt our sales considerable. Price. 25@27c. W. A. S. NEW YORK, N. Y.. July 6.— The market is about bare of comb honey and there is no de- mand at the present. The market is quiet on extracted. Demand is limited, with plenty of supply arriving to meet the demands and more. Wequote; California, 6@6i4c.; South- ern, choice, 60@65c. per gsllon; common, 50 @55c. per gallon. Beeswax is declining and selling at from 29@30c. at present, but the indications are that the price will decline still further. • H. B. & S. MUTH'S HONEY EXTBACTOB PERFECTION Cold-Blast Smokers, Etc. Square Class Honey Jars, For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Moth & Son. Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O. Send lOo tor Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers. Mention the American Bee Jouni/iL List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers, Most of whom Quote in this Journal, Cblcago, Ills. J. A. Lamon, 43 South Water St. K. A. Bdbnett & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. Y. F. I. Sage & Son, 183 Heade Street. HiLDRETH Bros, & Seoelken, 120 & 122 West Broadway Chas. Israel & Bros., 486 Canal St. I, J, Strinoham, 105 Park Place. Kansas Cltr, Mo. C. C. Clemoms & Co., 423 Walnut St. Bnttalo, N. Y. Batterson & Co., 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chas. Dadant & Son. Pblladelphta, Pa. Wm. A. Selseh, 10 Viue St. Cincinnati, Oblo. C. F. Muth & Son, cor. Freeman & Central avs ITALIAN BEES AND QUEENS. Queens, 75 cents, or two for SI. 00. Mrs. A. A. SIMPSON, 29A8t SWARTS, Greene Co., PA. T ~1 r— r — 1 ■ ■ rt J "~ ■ J J ■f i - _ 1:3:3=: , §i :^ = r; -f^ = • ^^^^^^iei;;?^^^? !S3Ji'ffiHS3ESS5!!tSsS Id FREECOINAGE-l6tol. It is claimed hy some that this would give us a double self-rcKulating standard, while others believeit would simply change the standard from one metal to anotlier. There is no such uncertainty in regard to the fence standard.. The Coiled Spring remains the universal unapproachable sclf-regulalor, for farm, railroad, and paric purposes. If I2l«AS- TIC-IT\ can do for the currenr-y what it has done for The Page, there'll be no opposition. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich. Mention the Arwrican Bee Journal' SAVE MONEY W^^u^lrl'^^^^'i, ITALIAN QUEENS Foundation at Wholesale Prires. Hives, suited for the South, or SUPPLIES, send for Price-List— to J. P. H. BROWN, ^^^^^.Zy^' 10A13t Mention the Amerinan Bee JtmrnaL Nortli American Bee-Keepers' Association officers for 1895. Pres.— R. F. Holtermann Brantford, Ont. Vice-Pres.— L. D. Stilson York, Nebr. Secretary.— W. Z. Hutchinson. ..Flint, Mich. Treasurer.— J. T. Calvert Medina, Ohio. ITatlonal Bee-Keepers' Union. PBEbiDENT— Hon. R. L. Taylor. . Lapeer, Mich. Gen'l Manager— T. G. Newman, Chicago, 111. 147 South Western Avenue. Queens and <|Meen-Rea,rins:.— If you want to know how to have queens fertilized in upper stories while the old queen is still laying below ; how you may safely introduce any queen, at any time of the year when bees can fly ; all about the diflferent races of bees ; all about shipping queens, queen-cages, candy for queen- cages, etc. ; all about forming nuclei, mul- tiplying or uniting bees, or weak colonies, etc. ; or, in fact, everything about the queen-business which you may want to know — send for Doolittle's "Scientific Queen-Reaming "—a book of over 170 pages, which is as interesting as a story. Here are some good offers of this book: Bound in cloth, postpaid, $1.00 ; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year — both for only $1.6,5 ; or given free as a premium for sending us three new subscribers to the Beb Journal for a year at $1.00 each. Bound in paper cover, postpaid, 65 cents ; or given free as a premium for sending us two new subscribers ; or clubbed with the Bee Journal a year— both for only $1.40. Send all orders to the Bee Journal office. Please Send Us the Names of your neighbors who keep bees, and we will send them sample copies of the Bek Journal. Then please call upon them and get them to subscribe with you, and secure some of the premiums we offer. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 467 Square-Glass Honey- Jars ! We have on the way another carload of Honey-Jars. Four sizes : Dimes, '^pounds. Pounds and 2-pound Jars. Jars and packing are flrst-class, and safe arrival guaranteed in every instance. * Bro. Boot seenis to discriminate against the Muth Jars. Our friends are. therefore, ad- vised to compare prices in Muth's and Root's Catalogues before ordering. We mail these Catalogues togetiier. Cincinnati. July 9, 1895. CHAS. F. MUTH & SON, 976 & 97S Central Avenue, CINCINNATI. O. Mention titc American Bee Journal Q Either 3 or 5 Band- _ _ ._, .—^ __ ._. ed, 60c. each; 6 for llflfinO S3.25. Give me a I I rr rZ I I 2N trial. I can please LI IJ U' I I W ^'ou. Catalog free. Clias. H. Xliles, 24Aif Steeleville, Randolph Co,, III. Mention the American Bet Journal COMB FOUNDATION. Wholesale and Retail. Quality always the best. Price always lowest. Working; Wax Into Foundation by the lb. a Specialty. I can make it an object for you in any quantity, but offer special induce- ments on straight 2.5 or 50 lb. lots. Or for making large lot of Wax into Foundation. I am furnishing large Uealers, and can also please you. Beesivax taken at all tInieK. AVrite lor Samples and Prices, to Gl'S DIXTMEK, AUGUSTA, WIS. Beference— Augusta Bank. 16Atf WHEN Answering this advertisement, mention this journm- eOLDEN QUEENS From Texas, 'ifonurc.'.? as well as lor Beauty and Gentleness, tP^ Sale arrival and reasonable satisfac- tion guaranteed. Write for Price-List. IXnt&sted, 7tic—Warrante ii'UITHt Cochran Tllle, Cheater Co.. Fenna. i JD26 Mention the American Bee Journal. GOLDEN ITALIAN Queens by return mail from a breeder ob- tained of Doolittle, which he selected and tested out of 1000» for his own special use; he said this Queen is a better one than the WORLD'S FAIR QUEEN which was valued at $50.00. Also ITALIAN QUEENS from one of A. I. Root's very best imported breeders. Price of Queens— Ontested. 55c. ; 6 for $3. 00; 12 for $5.50. Tested, 81.00 each: 6 for $5.00. No disease. Shall run 400 nu- clei. Ask for Free Circular, which may be worth dollars to you. If you buy Queens. Safe delivery and satisfaction will be guaranteed in each and every case. H. G. QuiRIN, 27D6t BELLKVUE, Huron Co., OHIO. Mention the American Bee Journal. 468 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 18, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! It Is always economy to buy the beet, espe- cially when the best cost no more than something not half so g'ood. OUR FAL- CON SECTIONS are acknowledged to be superior to any on the market. The same Is also true of our HIVES and BEE- KEEPERS' SUPPLIES, of which we make all modern styles. OUR PRICES will be found as low as those of any of our competitors, and in many cases low- er, and you are always sure of g^ettinpr first-class goods. We also publish THE AMERICAN KEE-KEEPER, a monthly magazine (Fifth year) at 50c. a year, in- valuable to beginners. Large illustrated catalogue and price-list free. Address. THEW.T.FALCOKERMFG.CO., JABCESTOWN, N. Y. ^r" TV. in. Oerrlsh. of East Nottlnsc- liaiii, N. H.. is our Eastern agent. New England customers may save freight by pur- chasing of him. Get Our High Prices on — Before Selling. C. R. HORRIE &, CO., Commission Merchants. 224 Soiitb AVater St., Cblcago, III. Reference— First National Bank. 24A13 I AEISE TO SAV to the readers of the BEE JOURNAL that DOOLITXIiE has concluded to sell -BEES and QUKENS— in their eeason, durinK 1895, at thefoUowinK prices : One Colony of Italians on 9 Gallup frames, in light shipping-box $7 00 Five Colonies 30 00 Ten Colonies 50 00 1 untested queen. 1 00 6 " queens 5 50 12 " " 10 00 1 tested Queen... 9150 3 " Queens. 4 00 I select tested queen 2 00 3 " " Uueenssoc Select tesied queen, previous season's rearing.. 4 00 Bxtra Selected for breeding, the very best.. 6 00 About a Pound of BKES in a Two-frame NucleuB. with any Queen, $2.00 extra. ^" Circular free, giving full particulars regard- ing ihe Bees and each class of Queens. G. M. DOOLITTLE 12A25t BORODINO. Onon. Co.. N. Y. HONEY QUEENS! Have been carefully bred for producing comb honey tor the past 18 years, and by a special method for producing large. long-lived, pro- lific Queens. Can furnish either U or .5 Band- ed stock, bred in separate yards. 3-Bandfed bred from my own or-Imported Mother. No foul brood or paralysis. Warranted Queens, purely mated, 60 cts. ; Tested, $1.00; Selected Breeders, $3.50. Discount on quantities. ■27Atf J. H. GOOD, Nappanee, Ind. Mention theAmeri/xin Bee Journal. Free Silver Is a good thing El Vah but here's eome-li 111 I llll thing better * "* ■"" Until further notice I will furnish COmR FOUNDATION as follows : 10 lbs. Heavy or Medium Brood Fdu.$3.50 10 lbs. Light •' 3,70 10 lbs. Thin Surplus Foundation ... 4.00 10 lbs. Extra-Thin Surplus Fdn 4.50 No orders will be accepted at these prices from persons living east of New York State. W.J. Finch,Jr.,Springfield, 111 28A13 Mention the American Bee JuumcU. Abbott's Space, That "St. Joe" Hiye! Write for a Circular and Say How Many Hives You Will Need. Address, Emerson T. Abbott, ST. JOSEPH, MO. Mention the American Dee Jonimal. Seventeen Years Ago ***» a^«« Dadant's Foundation Was first offered for sale. The following parties keep it in stock and have kept it for years for sale. Why ? Because they want to handle only the best ^oods, and they say they get the best goods when they buy Dadant's Foundation. Thomae G. Newman, Chicago, IUb. C. F. Muth & Son, Cincinnati, Ohio Chas. H. Green, Waukesha, Wis. Chas. Hertel, Freeburp. Ills. E. Kretchmer, Red Oak, Iowa. Jos. Nysewander, Des Moines, Iowa. G. B. Lewis Co.. \Va,tertown, Wis. James Reynolds Elevator Co., Poughkeepsie. N T. Page & L-yon. New London, Wia. La. Bee-Keepers' Supply Co., Donaldsonville, La. E. F. Quigley, Unionville, Mo. G. K. Hubbard, Fort Wavne. Ind. L. Hanssen, Davenport, Iowa. C. Theilmann, Theilmanton, Minn. E. C. Eaglesfield, Berlin, Wis. Walter 8. Ponder. Indianapolis, Ind E. T. Abbott, 8t. Joseph. Mo. J. M. Jenkins, Wetumpka, Alabama John Rey. East Saginaw. Mich. J. W. Bittenbender, Knoxville, Iowa. Vickerv Bros.. Evanaville, Ind. Mrs. Jennie Atchley, Beevilie. Texas. Is not such a steady trade a proof of real merit in the goods we sell ? We also make a specialty of Veils and Veil Stuffs of best quality. Beeswax Wanted at All Times. Bee-keepers' Supplies, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails, etc. Samples of Foun- dation and XuUe FREE with circular. Instructions to beginners with circular. Send us your address. CHAS. DADANT & SON, MentUmtheAmtrlcan Bet Journal. HAMHiTON, Hancock Co., ILli. Hill Bee-Feeders. We have a few of the Hill Bee-Feeders on hand, which (j we mail, prepaid. 2 for 40e. cX Or 12 by express for $1.50 —6 for 80c. We will send 2 postpaid with the Bee Journal for a year, for $1.25, or give two Feeders as a Premium tor sending us One New Sub- scriber to the Bee Journal, with $1.00. GEOBGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. YourBeeswaxExclianged UNTIC FlIRTHEK NOTICE, we will allow 30 cents per pound for Good Tel- low Beeswax, delivered at our office — inex- clian^^e for Subscription to the Bee Journal. for Books, or anything that we offer for sale In the Bee Journal. In thus exchanging, we cannot afford to allow any Club Hate prices. Always ship the Wax by Express, and pre- pay the charges; also put your name and address on the package to avoid mistakes. GEORGE W. VOKK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. You may be able to get Supplies at But how does the workmanship compare with ours at We are receiving daily, unsolioited, testimonials like this : THE A. I. ROOT CO. :— The Dovetailed hives ordered of you some time ago arrived from the railroad to-day, and this evening I put one of the bodies together, and must say it was just fun. Those dove tailed pieces were " yoost der fit." In fact, every thing seems to me so far to be better than the catalog promised or than I expected. I thank you for your promptness with which you filled the order, and especially for the quality of the goods you sent. I will say they are" far ahead, as regards lumber in hives and frames than any I ever saw before, and I have seen a number ordered of other dealers, at lower prices; but for quality of lumber In both hives and frames, and for workanshlp, I have seen nothing to compare with those you sent me. S. L. Pavne. Westfall, Oreg.. May 5. This explains our great flood of orders. 36-page Catalog free. MoUion the ArtwHcan Dee Journal. The A. I. KOOT CO., ITIedina, O. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. SStli Year. CHICAGO, ILL., JULY 25, 1895. No. 30. Coj;)tributcd /Vrticlcs* On Important Afyiarian Sulyjects^ Bees Building Ill-Shapeti Combs, Etc. BY G. M. DOOLITTLE. A correspondent writes me thus: "I have a colony of bees which built nice, thinly-drawn, beautiful combs in the middle sections of the super, while the outside sections con- tain some of the heaviest and most ill-shapen combs I ever saw. Can you tell me why this is so ? Please answer through the American Bee Journal, as I take that paper." Something of this kind has been spoken of before in our bee-papers, and some seem to think that such a state of affairs comes about by the changes in the weather, the thicker combs being built while the weather was cool, and the thinner when the weather was warm. Others account for it in a somewhat similar but different way, which is that as the thin combs were built in the center, therefore this shows that there is greater heat over the center of the cluster of bees than else- where, as would be natural, while the heat not being so great on the outside, made the wax less pliable, hence the thicker and irregular combs. But I do not agree with either of these, for, as far as my knowledge goes, bees do not attempt to work wax unless the temperature is right for the successful working of the same, and bees are capable of making a right tempera- ture just when and where they please, as I have often proven with my self-registering thermometer. A small cluster of bees can easily keep a temperature of from 93-^ to 95^ during a cold, frosty night, as many night experiments testify, and that is plenty warm enough for wax-working. From past experience I should account for the state of affairs spoken of by the correspondent, as being the loss of the queen in that particular hive, and especially as he does not speak of noticing any other colonies building such peculiar comb. If cold had been the cause of the trouble, all of the colonies would have built thick, irregular combs as well ; but as it was one particular colony that did so, we must look for the trouble at this point. Several years ago I had a colony of bees that were nicely at work in the sections, having a part of them filled with comb, when one day, in handling the frames below, I lost the queen by her falling off the comb, as I suppose, and from that date until tbey got a laying queen they built the poorest and thickest combs that I had ever seen at that time. Many of the sections had the comb in them " stubbed " off at the sides and bottoms ; some were not built more than half down when the cells were lengthened out, filled with honey and sealed over, so that very much of the honey was unsalable. Since then, in trjing to control swarming by caging the queen, I have had the same state of affairs, so that I am very positive that loss of queen was the cause of the whole trouble. In fact, I am often made to understand when a colony has lost its queen by the looks of the comb which they are building in the sections, thus being able to remedy the matter, when I other- wise might not know it, or not until the colony was consid- erably injured. That not nearly as nice comb is built when a colony has no laying queen in the hive, is one of the reasons why I do not like the plan of taking away the queen in swarming-time to prevent swarming. Of course, where the sections are filled with thin comb foundation, better results are obtained, but even then the combs built by any colony not having a laying queen, are not nearly as nice as the same colony will give when the mother-bee is doing full duty in the hive. Good Queens. — Another correspondent writes me thus, regarding the book, " Scientific Queen-Rearing :" " A friend tells me that you claim in your book on queen-rearing, that queens reared by what you term a ' natural process,' are bet- ter than those reared by other methods. Is this a fact ?" My book was put before the public with the sole purpose of benefiting the public, without any claims for it save a care- ful trial of the plans outlined in it by the one who was not fully satisfied with his or her present attainments along the line of rearing queens. I only wish to take space here to say that I do not claim for the queens reared as I advised in the book any superiority, because they are cradled in artificial cradles, or because these cradles are supplied with plenty of royal jelly into which the selected larvae are transferred, or anything of that kind. No, nothing of the sort. These are only conveniences to pave the way for having the queens reared just when and where we wish them, by that good and inexpensive way of having them reared in upper stories of hives having a laying queen below, to supply bees to care for these cells all summer, so that we need not keep making colonies queenless every little while to rear queens, thus avoiding lots of labor, and throwing many colonies out of their normal con- dition, only to shorten our surplus honey crop to the extent which we uoqueen colonies for this purpose. What I do claim as superior is in bringing the colony into that condition where they will rear queens Icisurclij, and un- der the safe conditiojis that they do in superseding their own queens without the interference of man, as all know the very best of queens are reared. When this can be done, and that, too, without having a queenless colony as a loss on our hands, I think that all will concede it to be of advantage so to do. Borodino, N. Y. 11^° It will pay any young bee-keeper to visit a large bee- keeper, who has a successful record, as one thus gains many hints that will be of great value to him. — Prof. Cook. 470 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 25, Phacelia as a Honey-Plant. BV ANDKKAS SIMON. Among the many well-known honey-plants of this country and Europe, phacelia, a member of the family of Hydro- phylUe, has lately been lifted into special prominence by the Agricultural Supplement of the Illinois Staats Zeitung. In doing this, that paper was mainly incited by printed reports from the old country, where the high value of this plant as a honey-producer has quite recently been newly confirmed be- yond any reasonable doubt. It appears that the bee-keepers' society of the Kingdom of Saxony — a large and progressive body of men — undertook the task of instituting a general Investigation among a goodly number of widely recommended honey-plants, for the purpose of ascertaining which of them ought to be selected as the best material with which to enlarge and im- prove the bee-pastures throughout the Kingdom. Phacelia was found to possess all the desired qualities, and to be the plant fulfilling the requirements in the highest degree. The aforesaid society started its researches by sending a trial package of phacelia seed to each district society in Saxony, and the latter again forwarded the seeds to the various branch societies, for the purpose of carrying on the desired experi- ments, and to observe the plant during its blooming period. These experiments fully established all that was claimed for phacelia, and so as to induce bee-keepers to grow this plant extensively, the general society of bee-keepers of Saxony this year forwarded a large package of seed to each branch society, and each package was accompanied by printed direc- tions, containing full instructions in regard to the methods to be followed where a successful culture of phacelia is to be aimed at. These directions were also reprinted in the German paper named above, a few weeks ago, and if the American Bee Journal should desire to publish them, the writer will gladly furnish a translation. Chicago, 111. [In the list of honey-producing plants found in the " A B C of Bee-Culture," phacelia is named. As it seems to be such a favorite in Germany, it might also prove to be valuable here. Doubtless bee-keepers would be glad to have the translation of the directions referred to by Mr. Simon, and he is hereby requested to furnish it, if he will kindly do so. — Editor.1 ■^ What Dr. Miller Thinks. Introducing Queens. — On page 425, Bro. Abbott says he always leaves his new queen caged in the hive two or three days before destroying the old queen. I may have been care- less in my reading, but I don't remember to have seen that before. It looks like a good thing. For that queen is likely to be making some friends in that time, and an incident under my own observation makes me put trust in it. One spring, when a number of weak colonies petered out, I put five or six of their queens caged in a colony that had a laying queen, to be taken care of. The caged queens were taken care of all right. Then one of the caged queens was freed in the hive, and the others removed, and all was lovely. Buying Queens. — What Chester Belding says on page 424 sots one to thinking, and he may be partly right, at least. His idea is that the breeder picks out his best queens to sell at a high price as tested or select tested queens, and if you buy from the same man an untested queen you get only the refuse. But it must be remembered that when the tested queen is still untested the breeder knows nothing about her except her looks, and if all look just exactly alike he's just as likely to sell his best queen among the untested. Of course, thoy don't all look alike, but I'm iuclined to think that a breeder who is all right in every direction will not send out an untested queen whose looks make it a certain thing that she shall be poor. I confess I don't know as much as I might on this sub- ject, and I wish Bro. Doolittle would tell us what chance he thinks there is for getting among untested queens one that shall equal the best among the tested. Prevention of Swarming. — What will satisfy one will fall short of satisfying another. The swarming problem doesn't trouble Chester Belding (page 424) with only 10 in 50 swarming, but it would trouble him, I think, if he kept an out-apiary, or could not have some one at the home-apiary in swarming-time. If only 2 in 50 would swarm, then one could afford to let those two go off and lose them, but when it goes beyond that the loss is too heavy. I believe he makes a good point by raising the front of the hive to give abundant ventilation. Honey- Vinegar. — I once made some honey-vinegar, and it was not at all popular in our family. They didn't want any more honey-vinegar. Now comes Bro. Secor, on page 428, speaking of it in the highest terms. I once tasted some made by T. F. Bingham that was fine, and generally it is well spoken of. But what I made was poor stuff, and I incline to the opinion that if you want first-class vinegar you mustn't use too much fourth-class honey. Sweet Clover. — "Nothing will eat sweet clover, either green or when cut for hay," says James H. Wing, on page 434. A good many people around here think the same thing until they know better. Both cattle and horses will eat it here when they get used to it, and I'm told that stock must be used to it before they will eat alfalfa or even corn. I've seen the roadsides for miles where not a stalk of sweet clover was allowed to grow half its usual height, being constantly eaten down. Will others tell us whether well-cured hay from sweet clover cut before blooming is never relished by stock in any part of Kansas ? Dr. Dubini's Swarming Management. — I've taken lots of comfort in seeing that there's one Italian word F. L. Thompson couldn't make out (page 473), for I'm just green with envy to think he can read any. I turn over yearningly the pages of the Apicoltore, making out a word here and there, and wishing I had time to study the language. Leaving other points untouched, I'd like to know why Dr. Dubini says, "placing the swarm on the stand of the old col- ony is not for natural swarms, but assuredly for artificial swarms only." What is there in the case that makes it less desirable for natural swarms ? Strawberries. — Now that the smoke of the battle is clear- ing away, it may be well to inquire where " we are at" on the question of bees and strawberries. There seems to be evidence that in some cases bees pay no attention to strawberries, and in others that they do. Just exactly what per cent, of the total acreage of strawberries is profitably worked by bees re- mains unsettled, and will probably always remain so. Let us rejoice that bees work on strawberries in any case. Bee-Veils — Are They Needed ? — The article on page 430, recalls the difference on this question, some thinking they never need a veil, others thinking they should always be used. The writer of the article in question evidently intends to continue the use of a veil, no matter how much he may be laughed at. I can handle bees without a veil. Indeed, I don't always need either veil or smoke. There's a hive in which an experiment interests me, and at present I visit that hive daily or oftener, with neither veil nor smoke, generally bareheaded. But the truth is, that I nearly always have a veil when work- ing with bees— at least have one on my hat ready to pull down 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 471 if needed, and pretty generally I don't wait to see whether it's needed before pulling it down. I never wear gloves, because I'd rather stand the few stings I get than to have the discomfort and inconvenience of gloves. 1 don't think bees sting once on the hands where they do twice in the face, and I think I'd rather have two stings on the hands than one in the face. But I have handled some bees so cross that if a pair of gloves had been handy, I'd have put them on. The doing without a veil with some bee-keepers looks a good bit like stubbornness. A veteran for whom I have high respect was one day with me, and I offered him a veil. Oh, no ! he never used a veil ; couldn't get him to touch one ; but I noticed he kept the smoker puffing about his head all the time, and I thought if he'd been working with those bees he would have saved time by wearing a veil. Evert One to His Own Way. — Messrs. McArthur and Bevins may as well let-up on the controversy about killing bees. They'll never agree. Two elements enter — profit aud pain. One thinks the profit so great that he ignores the pain. Another thinks the pain so great that he ignores the profit. One man may be as kind-hearted as the other, but they meas- ure differently. Overstocking. — I gave a very decided nod of assent when F. L. Thompson said on page 437, "Overstocking is some- thing of which little is known, and reliable data are greatly wanted." The fact is that it's exceedingly hard to know any- thing at all about it, and if you should come to something like a conclusion one year, the next year may knock your conclu- sions all endwise. I feel pretty sure that my home-apiary is badly overstocked this year with 60 colonies, and yet next year double that number might do well. One phase of the matter isn't always considered. This very day I was talking with a man who knows so little about bees that he told me he fastened up the entrance to a hive so that not a bee could get out, in order to prevent a swarm leaving. Well, that man has beaten me in average yield of surplus, 10 to 1. And too many will say that his management must be better than mine, when the Simple explanation is that 10 times as many bees are on my territory as on his. Where 50 colonies will starve in a poor season, 5 might yield a good surplus. M. Hamet is spoken of on page 488 as "an intelligent and progressive French bee-keeper." A man of prominence and influence he certainly was, but some whom he bitterly opposed in their efforts to introduce movable-frame hives, that could, as he expressed it, " be taken to pieces like a puppet show," would hesitate to call him " progressive." He stub- bornly remained a box-hive man most of his life. Whatever is " progressive " in French bee-keeping, is very largely due to a Frenchman of whom we Americans feel proud — Monsieur Charles Dadant, of Hamilton, 111. Yellow Bees. — B. F. Harford says on page 449 : " I will risk the conclusion that the yellow bees are all right in each and every respect, although Dr. Miller and others are of the opposite belief." I don't know exactly what I may have said to which Friend Harford refers, but there's nothing in my belief that hinders me from thinking that his yellow bees may be the best in the world. Being yellow doesn't make bees bad, and it doesn't necessarily make them good. Where great pains is taken to breed for color, there is danger of Its being at the expense of more valuable qualities, and yet there may be such a thing as retaining all the best qualities along with bright color. Marengo, 111. See " Bee-Keeper's Guide" offer on page 479. Small Nails for Spacing Frames. BY CHAS. A. F. DOERR. Referring to my article on page 389, Dr. C. C. Miller, on page 422, asked me to answer some questions in regard to the matter, as follows : 1. " Will he please tell us whether the top, bottom and end- bars are all the same width, one inch?" Why, Doctor, to secure an accurate spacing of the frames by this method, the top and bottom bars must be of the same width, one inch. That the end-bars are just one inch wide, is not absolutely necessary, but I make them so, because the frames are then easier to put together, so that they are square in every way, and not wry. This is very important — not to get troubled with brace-combs. 2. " What is the thickness of the top-bar ?" As I make my frames (Gallup) out of common laths, such as are used in house-building, all the bars have the same thickness of these — 5/16 to % of an inqh. In making a Langstroth frame, I think the top-bar should be thicker in order to prevent sag- ging. 3. "Please tell us why the two nails on one side of the frame are not both at the same end." This very same idea struck me two days after sending my former article, and I at once made a set of frames, at the same time putting the spac- ing nails as near the ends of the bottom and top-bars as would be advisable ; hived a swarm on them, and compared this new frame with its elder brother (or were they sisters?). The younger was much the superior of its elder, as the frames can now be taken out of, and put into, the hive without injuring the neighboring frames in the least. 4. " How far apart must the frames be pushed so you can easily put another frame between them ?" If all the frames are square in every way (not wry), J^' to ^ of an inch will do. As to brace-comb, I think it Is very important that all hives stand perfectly level ; that the frames are made rectan- gular ; that top and bottom bars are not wry. If this is the case, the frames will hang perpendicularly in the hives, the combs can be built perpendicularly in the frames, and they can be exchanged as you please, and yet the surfaces of the combs will remain about the same distance apart. I believe many are negligent on this point. Maywood, 111. Somethiug on Nectar-Secretiou — Paralysis. BY JAMES CORMAC. Mr. L. S., of Aurora, 111., asked Dr. C. C. Miller how long white clover {Trifolium repens) has to bloom before it yields honey (see page 393). L. S. said that it was in full bloom, but the bees did not work on it. The Doctor replied that at Marengo, June 3, it presented the same conditions, and further, that there was a lack of rain, but did not believe it was from that cause. The same conditions prevailed here in Iowa, but no lack for rain, as we are now and have been well supplied. Vegetation, for the past 20 years, has never been more luxuriant. It is from the want of moisture for the past two years, and from the same cause elsewhere, where rain did not fall in sufiiclent quantities last year ; also too close pas- turing during the season. The year 1894 will be long remembered as one of exces- sive heat and great drouth — almost an entire failure in rain- fall for months ; vegetation withered and became as sear as if stricken with frost; even large, stately trees succumbed, and were killed outright. Hot winds scorched and dried up almost all vegetation in many localities. All vegetable growth Is, by aggregation of cells, filled with starch composition, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, with two equivalents of water. This starch is stored in the roots, 472 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 25, trunk, branches and leaves ; in other vesetation, roots, stems, leaves and seeds. As 1 am here principally dealing with vphite clover, the above will present the foundation for my explanation of the cause of failure to secrete honey, otherwise nectar. As mois- ture and heat are necessary for vegetable growth, these condi- tions must be e.xistent to a normal amount in any region, and especially active in the temperate zones, as the season of veg- etable growth and maturity is shortened by the regular return of the cold season. Favorable conditions must exist, a seasonable time to per- mit of cell-formation, and sulficient formation and deposit of starch both in the roots and stems, principally in the roots of the clover ; and in stems and leaves of annual honey-producing plants, producing nectar later in the season. As clover blooms earlier than most nectar-producing plants, favorable condi- tions must maintain the previous year, as most of the pabulum that is consumed in the growth of leaves, stems and bloom must be on deposit in the roots, and they well supplied. This cannot be accomplished if deprived of a normal amount of moisture, not only during the spring months, but throughout the summer and fall. Winter snows assist this storing and elaborating the starchy product for immediate use in the spring, as the circulation of sap is not checked to the extent as when the ground is hard frozen. This storing and elaborat- ing process furnishes the plant with early food. An early and vigorous growth is obtained in the leaves, which are the lungs of plants. Circulation of sap is therefore hastened, the roots stimulated to an equal expansion, then favorable conditions continuing, a visible supply is obtained, and a surplus is thrown off as nectar through the nectaries of the bloom. Otherwise what is stored in the preceding year is consumed only in plant growth, even to the depletion of stores, to pro- duce seed, and all seed is almost wholly starch. There must exist other favorable conditions. It may be dry during the period of nectar-flow, and not mitigate against it, if during this period electrical conditions maintain to the production of ozone, which being absorbed by the leaves, the same as carbonic gas, through pores in the leaves — as oxygen is to animal life, so carbon is to vegetable life. Some smiled at the prophecies of Wilson, of Tennessee, but he was more than half right in his predictions. Close pasturing works injury to nectar-secretion, as it re- duces the foliage, so also the rootlets suffer as nature strives to sustain a just proportion between leaves and root expan- sion, causing scattered nectaries in the blossom, or only par- tial development. The past year's drouth naturally affected the basswood in this section, which, at this writing (June 26), is in greater profusion of bloom than that of 1894, but diminished in nectar. Deprived of white clover, we placed our dependence upon that for section honey — another disappointment; there- fore, apiarists must look to fall flowers for winter stores, or patronize the sugar-barrel as we have done in year's past. Though the present summer has an ominous look, we bank largely on 1896. The plentiful supply of rain has stimulated growth to a wonderful extent, that has not been excelled for the past 20 years. The scant remains of clover is being wonderfully stimulated, either from remains of root- lets or seeds, and is taking its place with other forage-plants as of years past. But for all this, we have given up hopes of former yields, consequent upon increasing population, and the turning over of grazing lands for cultivated crops. The apicultural specialist, unless farmers can be con- vinced to seed with Alsike in place of red clover, must vacate the premises. Persuasion seems almost useless, as custom has established their methods, and they are almost as un- changeable as the law of the Medes and Persians was reputed to be. Yet progressive farmers claim Alsike the best forage- plant, also for fodder. Bee-Paralysis.— J. W. P., of Omaha, Nebr., on page 394 of the American Bee Journal, in his experience with a colony crawling out of the hive and dying, asks the cause. It is known that nectar of certain flowers taken by bees causes vertigo and death, and is accompanied with similar symptoms as bee-paralysis, except the loss of hair. The probable cause is poisoning— may be from spraying poisons. The adoption of spraying has become almost a "fad " with many ; spraying to excess gardens, orchards, shrubs, etc., and in many cases loss has occurred. In a severe case of bee-paralysis, in a col- ony with a Texas queen this spring, well supplied with good honey, on trial of sundry remedies, and failures, I used finally equal parts of benzine and turpentine, taking out the frames and spraying the hive with about a tablespoonful of the mix- ture. The first dose helped wonderfully, and using it every other day three times more, the disease disappeared entirely. Now that colony is as strong as most in the apiary, and stor- ing as fast as any. Will others try it, reporting through the American Bee Journal? Des Moines, Iowa. A Swarming Experieuce —Other Things. Br EDWIN BEYINS. I feel, Mr. Editor, as if I would like to lick the man who said in answer to Query No. , that he never "commenced to divide." I thought that if he could get along without divid- ing, perhaps I could get along the same way, and so this sea- son I have allowed the bees to swarm according to nature. Result: One of my most valuable queens and a half bushel of her offspring are gone to the woods. Another swarm lauded on a large limb of a tolerably high oak-tree, standing in the door-yard, surrounded with the summer's supply of firewood. A hive was placed on the wood-pile, and the limb was partly sawed off and swung so as to bring the bees in front of the hive. As soon as they made themselves at home in the hive, I started to carry it to the old stand, but lost my footing on the wood and fell with the hive under me. The cover slipped about half way off, but before the bees recovered from their astonishment sufficiently to fly out, I had the cover in place and carried the hive to the stand without the loss of any bees. I think that I shall " commence to divide " pretty soon, unless somebody sends me a self-hiver that will catch them every time. Low-Growing Trees, Etc. — I have experienced this sea- son some of the advantages of having low-growing trees and grapevines near the bee-hives. The hives are situated on the south side of an apple orchard, and in front and among the hives are cherry, peach, plum and pear trees, and grapevines. I have harvested three swarms from the same place on one grapevine, and two from one small cherry-tree. Several swarms have alighted in the apple-trees. Hive-Covers. — I want to say to Dr. Miller that my hive- covers show but little disposition to twist. If any of them do, I take it out of them by attaching hive-hooks near diagonally opposite corners. Since I fell down with that swarm, I am more delighted than ever with these covers with the heavy cleats. Dr. Miller solemnly concludes that I was trying to make fun of Doolittle's old man. I as solemnly aver that I was not trying to do any such thing. The old man has stood up on that narrow platform, in that indescribable foot-wear, and under that dilapidated and shapeless old hat, about as long as it is in well-regulated human nature to stand it. I am going to buy my next queen of Doolittle, and then if he does not get the old man a pair of new boots, and a new hat, and put some things in between to correspond, I will not buy any more of him — that's all ! Leon, Iowa, July 2. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 473 CONDUCTED BY Re^'. JEmerson T. Abbott, St. tTosepi, Afo. One Live Specialist Found. — The following letter will indicate that there is at least oiie live specialist in the honey-busiuess in the United States : Las Crucbs, New Mexico, May 29, 1895. Mr. E. T. Aubott, St. Joseph, Mo., Dear Sir: — In your article on page 270, you ask if there is anyone in the United States who makes a living out of bees alone ; if so, to hold up his hand. Well, here comes one with both hands up. 1 make a living out of my bees and have no side-shows of any kind, and also have some money left over my living. You ask, "How do I do it?" Well, I keep on an average about 200 colonies of bees, work them for comb honey, and sell wherever I can find a market. I have new honey now ready for sale. J. G. Stewart. Cannot Friend Stewart give us a short article on bee- keeping in New Me.'iico ? Tell us from what his bees gather the most surplus, how much he gets per colony, etc. In fact, give us any information which he may have that will be of interest to the general public. Stinging' of Bees— Are You Sure?— "A bee never volunteers an attack, save in the immediate neighbor- hood of its hive, and even then never without some reason." This is quoted from an article in the British Bee Journal, but I have seen substantially the same thing in a great many other places ; but notwithstanding this, I am inclined to think the statement a little too sweeping. I have come in contact with bees which seemed to me to take a special delight in stinging without any provocation at all, and this without much reference to their hives. I think it would be well to modify the above statement by saying : " Most bees rarely ever volunteer an attack without some provocation, and then only in the immediate neighborhood of their home." This would avoid the possibility of having the statement called in question ; for if we make stronger claims for our cause than we can substantiate, we only weaken it in the end. It is well, if possible, to impress upon the minds of the general public that the ordinary bee does not go around seeking whom she may devour, but there is nothing gained, in my opinion, by presenting her as an entirely harmless creature, which can be handled with impunity. I have found by experience that she is not always built that way. S'warming— 'Wbicb is 'Whicli ?—" Prevention of swarming does not come under the head of advanced bee- culture. It is a step backward, encourage bees to the point of swarming and it will be found at the same time that they are encouraged to gather and store honey in a way that in- dicates great energy and activity." — Henry Alley, in 1893. "While the steel-gray strain of Carniolan bees will swarm themselves to destruction, there has never been a swarm issue from a colony of Adel bees in the Bay State Apiary since the gray, or dark blood, was bred out. The more true steel-gray bees found in a colony the more they would swarm. The more yellow-banded bees the less they have swarmed, till now they do not swarm at all." — Henry Alley, in 1895. Friend Alley seems to be a little mixed, or else he is let- ting self-interest warp his better judgment. It seems to me that he does not do the true Carniolans Justice. I had them in my apiary for a number of years, and I did not find them any more inclined to "swarm themselves to destruction" than are the Italians. The queens are great layers, and the colo- nies build up very rapidly, and, of course, if they are not given room " according to their strength," at the proper time, they will swarm, and so will the Italians; and I cannot help but think that Friend Alley's so-called "Adel" bees will do likewise. Apis Dorsata— A Question. dorsata ?" — Gleanings. -" Do we want Apis Well, I suppose that depends very much upon who is meant by " we." If I am included in the "we," I can say for one that I have no special yearning for the animal at present. Of course it depends some upon who is to be sent after her. If I am to go, and there is enough "in it," then, of course, I want her very badly. If the other fellow is to get the job, and I am to have nothing to do with it, then I am dead set against having anything done with Madam Dorsata at present. It seems to me, to be frank, that this whole dorsata busi- ness is a neatly gotten up scheme in the interest of one indi- vidual, and that the mass of the bee-keepers have no interest whatever in it. If the Government wants to encourage api- culture, it can find a field of operation without sending any " special agent " to the jungles of India. It might try its hand a little on the improvement of Apis -incUiftoa at home. There is a gentleman at Washington now who is accredited as the " Special Agent in Apiculture," but if he has done any- thing to promote the general interest of the industry, I have failed to learn about it, unless it be a thing of special advan- tage to have the report of the last North American Bee-Keep- ers' Association withheld so it can be published with the report of the meeting to be held in Canada in September. I have heard it hinted that this special agent was writing a book on apiculture to be distributed free by the Government. Well, this may help the industry, and it may not. There are some very good books on the subject now, and they cost but little. Even if this should prove to be the book par excellence, if it is as long coming in proportion as the report of the North American, we will all have departed to the bourne from which no traveler returns, before it is published. But I wander from my subject. As to wanting Madam Dorsata, I say no. CONDUCTED BY JJR. C. C lillLLEIi, AXAHEA^GO. ILL. [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct.l Growing Bassvirood from the Seed. Dr. Miller : — One of your correspondents, on page 426, asks when to plant basswood seed, and you say you don't know. I will tell you what I know about it, and you can use the information as you see fit. I presume there are lots of bee-keepers who would like to know, and I feel sure they should all be raising basswoods. The seed should be gathered when ripe, and mixed with moderately damp sand and packed in a box in the cellar where it will not freeze. Wet the sand two or three times during the winter, so that it will not become too dry. In the spring, sow broadcast in open ground or in drills, as you would peas, and cover very lightly. The roots start first, and grow down into the ground ; the sprout starts afterward, and gradually as- sumes an erect position. If they are covered too deeply they will never rise. Less than a quarter of an inch is enough. The bed should be kept damp, and to prevent evaporation it is well to cover with muslin, as in a cold-frame. Denison, Iowa. Geo. W. Stephens. That's right to the point, and we certainly owe Friend Stephens a hearty vote of thanks. Non-Swarming' Bees — Queen-Rearing:. On page 419, the question was asked whether swarming or non-swarming bees were preferable. The majority seemed to favor thft swarming kind. Now I have had but little experi- ence in the apiary, this being the seventh year I have kept bees, and paid but little attention to them until last year, when I bought a few books, subscribed for two bee-papers, and commenced giving the bees special attention. You see my experience is very limited, but this much I know, and that is, that I want the non-swarming bees. I have a colony that has not swarmed since I have had them, and that is over five years, this being the sixth season, and no swarm yet. They do not look to be overly strong at any time, but they get the honey just the same. They have given me over 100 pounds of surplus comb honey every year since I have had them, and in 1893 they gave me 147 pounds of nice comb honey, this being the largest amount they have given me any season so far. (During these same years some of the other colonies gave me no surplus at all.) I want to rear queens from this queen, and stock most of my apiary with her daughters this fall. I lately bought Doolittle's " Scientific Queen-Rearing," and will use his method of rearing queens. Now suppose I take these queen-cells just before they 474 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 25, hatch, put them into cell-protectors, and place them in the supers on the hives of queens which I wish to supersede, will these bees allow this queen to hatch, take possession of the brood-chamber, and will they then kill the old queen ? Owing to dry weather we will have a very light crop of honey here this season. R. W. T. Harrisonville, III., July 6. Answer. — I've never tried that in the fall, and it doesn't succeed in the beginning of the honey harvest, but we have the word of an excellent authority, G. M. Doolittle, that the plan you propose will be a success if practiced at the close of the honey harvest. If I were in your place I think I would commence operations right away, and if the 13rst cell given to a colony does not succeed, I'd have another ready to put in its place as soon as the young queen from the first cell was de- stroyed. Won't Work in Sections — Potato Blossoms. My bees have failed to work in the sections when there are starters, and some sections partly filled with comb and honey, and are crowding the queen out of the brood-nest. 1. Do you think it would do any good to uncap the sealed honey in the brood-frames, and put "them back ? I have no extractor. 2. There is something the matter with one of my colonies — is it foul brood or not ? There is dead brood of all stages from the smaller size to the fully developed bees. The larvie are of a brownish cast, and settle to the bottom of the cell, but it will not adhere to a toothpick, as the books say. 3. Do bees work on potato bloom ? If they do, do you suppose they could have been poisoned by bug-poison on the potatoes? D. E. D. Whittington, Pa., Ind., July 8. Answers. — 1. It might and it might not. It will do no harm to try. Generally when they will not work on sections partly-filled with comb, it's because there isn't enough nectar yielding. 2. I hardly think it's foul brood. 3. I never saw bees work on potato blossoms, and yet I think I have read of cases in which it was supposed that bees were poisoned through poison on potato-vines. Bearing Qeeens — Laying-Workers. The past spring I had a strong old colony in an old, out- of-date hive that I wanted to get rid of, so I divided them, by taking the old queen and the most of the old bees and putting them into a new hive full of foundation. Then in 21 days after everything was hatched, I transferred the two swarms from the old hive into a new hive full of foundation, and they went to work like beavers, and have their hive nearly full of honey. They were put into the new hive 15 days ago. I ex- amined them to-day, and they have only just a very little brood started. 1. What I want to know is, whether a queen reared by the young bees from the brood that was in the old hive would bring forth a good laying queen, or whether she would be of inferior quality ? 2. I also want to know whether a laying-worker's eggs would bring forth good, strong worker-bees ? Could they rear a good, strong laying queen from brood-eggs laid by a worker- bee ? I have 2.5 colonies all in good condition, but bees have gathered very little honey on account of the dry weather. Rawson, Ohio, July 3. L. H. Answers. — 1. If there were plenty of bees in the hive they could rear a good queen. 2. No, you can't get worker-bees either strong or weak from the eggs of laying workers. Neither can you rear a queen from such eggs. They will produce nothing but drones. Two Swarms that United in the Side of a Dwelling-House. I have three colonies of black bees, two in 10-frame hives, and one colony in a double-walled box-hive, and they are doing well so far this summer. They have plenty of basswood blos- soms in this locality during the summer season, and also such as golden-rod, boneset, catnip, mint, sumac and white clover. On May 30 there came a swarm of hybrid bees to my house at about 5:30 p.m. Not being home at that time, they went in at a knot-hole at the top weather-board of the house. Also on May 31 there came a swarm along at 9:30 a.m., and happening to be around I tried to make them cluster on a tree by throwing ground and sod into the flying swarm. On a,ccount of them coming so near the house, they mixed with the flying bees that went in on May 30, so there are two swarms together. They have two entrances where they pass in and out, the one entrance about two feet below the other. The lowest entrance I enlarged some by boring the hole larger. They have 3 feet deep, and 3 feet from one stud- ding to the other, the studding being 3x4, so they have that much space between the weather-board and the lining of the inside. The weather-board is about 12 feet long from the corner to where they are joined. Would you advise cutting the boards, or taking off the whole length ? I thought of saw- ing the weather-board along the studding, and to transfer them into an 8-frame chaff hive, on account of there being so many bees. I am afraid there are too many for an 8-frarae hive. Or would you leave them in the house until next sum- mer, and hive the first swarm that they cast, and transfer them ? They are no hindrance in the house, only I am afraid they would freeze during the winter. E. T. R. Chain Dam, Pa., July 8. Answer. — I should be afraid they might not winter in such narrow quarters, and would prefer to get them out as soon as possible. A carpenter could tell you better than I whether to cut or take off the whole length, especially if he looks at the place. I hardly think you will find much trouble in getting them into an S-frame hive, but if there should be too many bees for that, you can easily give them a second story, and with 16 frames they certainly will not be cramped for room. If two large swarms united, one of the queens would be killed, and the number of bees would be less now •than when they came. Getting Bees to Work in Supers. I have a few colonies of bees in 8-frame dovetailed hives with supers on, and a little honey coming in. They have about three pounds of honey besides pollen in each frame, on an average. Of course, a little more in the outside frames than in the center ones. They are crowding the queen, so much so that the colony is apparently weakening. They go up into the super (M least a few of them), but do not seem to do any work up there, and seem to be almost at a standstill. The last two years we have had a light honey-flow, which lasts all summer. Now what would you advise doing, to get the bees to put the honey into the supers, out of those frames? There is honey-dew on the box-elders here, but the bees do not seem to care for it. I have not seen them work on it yet. R. R. Ogden, Utah, July 5. Answer. — It's possible the flow isn't enough to make them feel they can afford to store in supers. Scratching the cap- pings in the brood-nest may help. Perhaps the best thing is to put by way of bait in the super some drawn-out comb, or a piece of comb with brood in. If they don't store then, it's be- cause there isn't enough to store. An Experience with Bees — Swarming. In the spring of 1891 I got the bee-fever, or honey- fever, rather, and decided to buy one colony of bees, just to get some honey to eat, and my wife told me that it would be money thrown away to buy bees and not know how to take care of them. I told her I did not expect to do anything with them, only if they should store some honey I could get Mr. Alexan- der to take it off for me, and we would have some to eat as we wanted it. On June 6 I bought a new swarm of one of my neighbors ; they did not swarm again that year, but the next year they did, and I got a neighbor to come and hive them for me, and that made me two. Then I longed to know how. I subscribed for Gleanings, and ordered " A B C of Bee-Culture," read everything I could get about bees, and talked with every man that would talk about bees, and told him all I had read, and all I had learned. I now take the American Bee Journal, which I find the most instructive of anything I have found, besides my " A B C of Bee-Culture." In 1894 I found one colony queenless, and sent to Texas for a golden Italian queen, which I introduced by Mr. Doo- little's plan, with success, and that summer I reared several queens from her, and last fall I ordered leather-colored Ital- ians from Ohio, and put into winter-cases 26 colonies packed with cut corn-stalks. On opening up this spring, I found my Texas queen and bees, and one of her young queens and bees, I 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 475 all dead, that being the first and only winter loss I have had. I clip my queens, and after they swarm I move the old hive to a new stand, and after a few days cut out all but one queen- cell, and I am not bothered with any second swarms, or haven't been for the past two years, but before that they swarmed all the time. I use in the brood-frames heayy foundation, some small and some large, but in the sections full sheets. I have had but two swarms this spring, and they came out on Decoration Day, and the next day I looked both old colonies over to see about their preparing to swarm ; I failed in both to find the least signs of a queen-cell. The reason I was anxious to looli was this : By reading, or talking with people, I would hear them say, " If the weather keeps warm like this a day or so, we will get some swarms." Or, " If honey continues to come in a few days, we can look for swarms." Yet it is said, too, that bees always prepare before hand. Also, we hear it said that sometimes when a swarm comes out it excites others, and they come out, and several would be in the air at the same time. The question is. Had they prepared ? Were they i^ady for the excitement ? The thought came to me, "How much preparing is wasted in changeable weather? I would think they would get discouraged, and hardly know what to do:" and on looking it satisfied me that they some times take a sud- den start. 1. Now for a question : If Nos. 1, 2 and 3 should swarm out at the same time, and cluster together, with Nos. 1 and 2 with clipped queens. No. 3 with a laying queen or virgin, will Nos. 1 and 2 go back to their own hive ? If not, what is the best thing to do ? 2. I have read a great deal about how to prevent swarm- ing, and have given it considerable thought, but not any prac- tice, and have decided this : About apple-blossom take one, two or more of the hCHt queens (according to the number of colonies), and kill, sell, or give away, and as soon as those colonies have a good supply of queen-cells, all sealed, go to the other colonies and take out those queens and give them a good cell iu a queen-cell protector, and by the time she is hatched the bees will be glad to receive her. What do you think of that plan ? J. W. P. S. Onondaga, N. Y., June 29. Answers. — 1. The probability is that the bees of Nos. 1 and 2 will remain with the swarm that came from No. 3, and do just whatever the swarm from No. 3 would have done if it had been left entirely alone. The easiest thing would be to hive them all together, and perhaps that might be the best thing if the swarms were not too large, but it must be remem- bered that such mammoth swarms will not remain so large, and by fall will be no larger than if only a third of the bees had been with the queen in the first place. If you don't want all of the bees to remain with the swarm, you can return some to the parent colonies, or you can divide the bees into two lots, hive them separately, and furnish a queen to the queenless part. 2. In the first place, is it a good plan to pick out your best queens and sell, kill, or give them away ? Why not make a nucleus and save your best queen ? But that has nothing to do with the real gist of j'our question. I think your plan would work all right in some cases, and in others the bees would swarm just as soon as the young queen was old enough ; that is, within a day or two after leaving the cell. But it might be worth while to try, and if you do try the plan I wish you would report what success you have. Swarming Not Wanted— Eight-Frame Hive. 1. I have a swarm of Italian bees that I divided, and then sent to New York and got a queen about one month ago. After I introduced the queen, perhaps three or four days, a swarm came out. The queen's wing was clipped, and they came back and went into the same hive. I thought to-day I would put in another frame of foundation. After I opened the hive, I thought I would look and see if there was much brood; I did not find much, but found 12 or 15 queen-cells. I cut them out, for I did not want them to swarm again. On one of them I found two young queens, but did not see the one I put in. I took one out, and left the other in the hive. Now what do you think has become of the old queen ? Why didn't the queens tear down the cells ? Do you think there were three queens with all of the cells ? Did I do right ? If not, please tell me what you would have done. I put the old queen with the new colony, and they are doing splendidly. They have just commenced to work in the sections. 2. I have 8-frame hives, with seven frames in each. Would you put in the other now, or wait a little while longer ? Danbury, Conn. W. N. D. Answers. — 1. If I understand you correctly, the bees swarmed and returned, and after some days you found two young queens and a number of queen-cells, and the old queen gone. That's just what you might expect to find nearly always. When bees swarm, or try to swarm, and the old queen cannot go with them, the maturing of the young queens in the cells goes right along just as though the old queen had left, and when a young queen emerges the old queen is put out of the way. I don't know anything better you could do than you did, merely to destroy any cells and leave only one queen in the hive. I'm not sure, however, that the result would have been any different if you had left them entirely alone, for if the bees had intended to swarm they would hardly have allowed the second young queen to emerge until the first was safely out of the hive. 2. There isn't much difference between 7 and 8 frames, and I don't suppose it makes much difference when the eighth frame is put in, but it's safe for the colony to have it put in very soon. ■ — » — ■ Nucleus Tearing Down Queen-Cells. Why does a nucleus that I made tear down not only the queen-cells that I inserted on one frame, but very often the queen-cells that I gave with the frame. After that, although queenless, the bees stored some honey, but do not feed the brood in the same frames. I never saw such a thing in Italy. Here the bees are beginning to store some surplus honey, now that the alfalfa is in blossom. I made some nuclei, but I had much difficulty to save them, because before the alfalfa there were no flowers in the fields, and the robbers were very bad. Now that there are no more robbers, the bees tear the queen-cells down. What for ? S. A. Beowawe, Nev. Answer. — Without knowing more particularly about it, it is hard to tell why the bees tear down your queen-cells. It is possible that the cells were given too soon after the bees were separated from their queen. You know that bees that have no desire to swarm will tear down queen-cells as fast as you give them, so long as they have a queen. Now when you form a nucleus, if you give them cells as soon as the nucleus is formed, they have not yet discovered their queenlessness, and will tear down cells just the same as though the queen were yet present. If this be not the trouble, I don't know what it can be, except that bees are very freaky and will sometimes do all sorts of unreasonable things. If I am correct in my surmise, then the right thing is to wait perhaps 24 hours after forming your nucleus before giving queen-cells. Didn't Swarm After All. 1. What is the matter with my bees'? I have practiced dividing this spring with half of my colonies, and I left the remaining colonies to swarm naturally. On examining some of them I found sealed queen-cells, and some not yet sealed, and the old queen laying right along, but they never swarmed, and from the fifth day to the seventh after the first was sealed, I would find young queens lying out on the ground in front of the entrance dead. They had been cut out for some cause or other — I know not what for. One thing I do know, that is, the young queens were gnawed out of the cells and dragged out of the hive. The indication was, as far as I could tell, that they were going to swarm, but they never did. The colo- nies were not queenless, for I examined closely, and found the old queens. This was the case with all of those colonies that I left to swarm naturally. Can you give me any information on this ? 2. Which do you think did the work, the old queen or the bees ? J. M. J. Pike, Tex., June 29. Answers. — 1. It is nothing so very unusual for bees to make preparation for swarming and then change their minds and give it up. Especially is this the case if the weather is very unfavorable, or if pasturage is scarce. 2. I think the workers did the work of destruction. Xliat l^e^v Son^ — " Queenie Jeanette" — which is being sung everywhere, we can send you for 40 cents, postpaid, or club it with the American Bee Journal for one year— both for only $1.10. Or, send us one new subscriber for a year (with 4^1.00), and we will mail you a copy of the song free. 476 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 25, George 'W, VorJc» - - Editor, PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, 36 Fifth ^i venue, - CIIICA.GO, ILL. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. [Entered at the Po8t-0£Sce at ChicaKO as Second-Class Mail-Matter.] VoiniV. CEICAGO, ILL, JOLY 25, 1895. No, 30. Editorial Budgets The Annual Report of the convention of the On- tario Bee-Keepers' Association held at Stratford, Oat., last January, is on my desk. It is a 64-page pamphlet, and gives the proceedings in full. It is an interesting publication, and should be in the hands of every Canadian bee-keeper, at least. It can be had free by addressing the Honorable Minister of Agriculture, Toronto, Ont. The list of members, as given in the annual report, shows exactly 176. Pretty good ! Dr. O. S. Brown, of Londonderry, Ohio, at the re- cent meeting of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture, was selected as expert judge of bees, honey, apiarian supplies, maple products, etc., to serve during the Ohio State Fair at Columbus, Sept. 2 to 6, inclusive. Dr. Brown was present at the World's Fair convention of the North American, where I had the pleasure of meeting him and his wife. The bee- keepers of Ohio should make a good display, if possible, at the State Fair, and thus give the apiarian Judge a good chance to show what he can do in the position to which he has been appointed. *-»-* Tbe Premium and Clubbing: OflTers pub- lished in the Bee Journal are fairly clear, I think. Please read them carefully, and then do not ask or expect anything more than is offered. For instance, the premium book " Bees and Honey," is now given to a new subscriber only when he or she sends the full SI. 00 for the Bee Journal. Understand, please, that hereafter only one premium is given for sending a new subscriber. Please read the premium offers carefully, and then no misunderstandings will arise. Orang-e Blossom Honej is reported in Glean- ings, by Rambler, who says that Mr. G. K. Hubbard, of River- side, Calif., has produced over a ton of the article. He also says, "There is no slipshod management about Mr. Hubbard's apiary, and a few more such expert bee-keepers would have a marked influence upon the value of our products in the markets." That's a tally for Indiana, for Mr. Hubbard removed from Ft. Wayne on account of his wife's ill-health. If his wife has better health in California, and he has the best houey, I don't see any reason for complaining in that household. Health and honey ought to go well together. And 'tis said they have lots of the former (health) in many parts of the Golden State, and much of the latter (honey) quite often. Bees and Grapes. — It has often been insisted upon by those who are not better informed on the subject, that bees injure grapes. I happened to run across two testimonies on the subject, which are given here for the benefit of those who may have occasion to need something of the kind in order to effectually answer any complainants. The following item is from the Country Gentleman — a well-known country weekly, published at Albany, N. Y., evi- dently a reply to an inquiry upon the subject : 6. T. G. must be mistaken about the bees injuring his grapes, or he has a different race of bees from mine. I have three kinds, 50 colonies in all, placed between the grape-rows. The grapes have never been injured in the least by them. A neighbor has 1 yO colonies of bees also between the rows of grapes. I know the grapes have been perfect, for I have bought and sold them for five years for first-class grapes for hotel-table use. If G. T. G. will look at his grapes, he will probably find three-cornered punctures, with a piece of skin pressed in. If so, it is the work of birds. After the skin is broken the bees will take the juice, but not before. The ex- periment has been tried of putting a colony of bees in a green- house grapery without food. The bees did not break a single grape, but died for want of food. It is a mistaken idea of bees puncturing grapes ; I think bees and grapes go well together. The neighbor of whom I spoke is a widow 50 years of age. She has sold as high as S800 worth of grapes and honey from three acres of land occupied by the bees and grapes. Onondaga Co., N. Y. Chas. Mills. The other item was found in the Montreal Witness, and reads thus : An enquirer some time ago wished to know if bees were injurious to grapes. In confirmation of the negative reply then given, the following testimony is to the point: We have had grapes and bees for 15 years, and never had the former injured by the latter, or even seen bees on the grapes with the exception of two years. On these two occa- sions a strange flock of orchard orioles visited ray vineyard and destroyed nearly all my Brighton, and some Jeffersons. After these birds had cut the skins witb their sharp bills, the bees flocked to the grapes and sucked their juices but those two years, and other years I never saw bees on grapes that had not first been skin-broken. There is no proof extant that bees ever injure sound grapes, or that they are able to do so. Such direct testimony should count for much, and help to silence the assertions that bees do destroy grapes. They only help themselves after the grapes have been first punctured by some bird or other insect. The " lo ^eeks for lo Cents " Offer to new subscribers was withdrawn July 15, as advertised. To any received after that date, 10 back numbers of this year's Bee Journal have been sent, and we will renew the offer of " 10 cents for 10 weeks" (or 10 back numbers) so long as our stock of back numbers of 1895 holds out. So, to any one sending 10 cents, we will mail 10 different back numbers, all to be since Jan. 1, 1895. Ten of such numbers are just as good for getting a fair idea of what the Bee Journal is, as would be 10 future numbers. The 10 back numbers will all be of different dates, but will not be consecutive numbers. ^-.-^ The "W. T. Falconer mfg. Co., of Jamestown, N. Y., large dealers in bee-keepers' supplies, say this in the July American Bee-Keeper, in reference to the business they have done this year : Taking it altogether, we have done a much better business than for several past seasons, although the late frosts, fol- lowed by extremely dry weather, caused trade to stop very suddenly about the middle of June. The Amalgamation of the North American and the Bee-Keepers' Union is favored by Gleanings also. So far as I have seen, all the bee-editors are in favor of it. If the amalgamation is effected, certain bee-periodicals will surely push for a large membership in the united society. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 477 Catjadiat) Beedor9^ Preparation of Bees for Winter. It is not any too early in this part of the world to begin planning and arranging for next winter. Whether the bees are to be wintered in the cellar or on the summer stands, the first and most important matter to be looked after is the sup- ply of stores. Whenever there is feeding to be done, it should be done early. Generally speaking, the advice is to feed dur- ing the month of September. I feel sure that this is not good advice. Even though the weather is warm enough to admit of the bees accepting and storing what is fed to them, be it honey or sugar syrup, one very important advantage of feed- ing is lost by deferring so late, and that is the rearing of brood well into the fall. Bees are more provident and sagacious in this matter than human beings. They will not goon and rear a lot of young if the food-supply is short. So in order that a colony may go into winter quarters strong in young bees, feed- ing must be done early enough for brood to be reared and matured in vigor before the advent of cold weather. Even when September is a good feeding month, there is not time for a force of workers to be properly nurtured before chilly weather begins to induce the semi-torpor which is the first stage of the bees' own preparation for winter. Dr. Gallup is quite right in saying on this point (page 438) that if September is a good working month only a few of the bees reared in August will be alive the end of April. This applies to localities further south, where there is a good fall flow of honey, but there are few sections in Canada where there is any appreciable honey harvest in the fall of the year. Practically, the honey season is over with us by the end of •fuly. There are a few localities, where buckwheat is raised, in which this remark does not hold good. But, for the most part, honey-gathering ceases by the end of July. On the fail- ure of out-door supplies the bees intimate in some way to the queen that there must be no more increase in the family, and gradually egg-laying comes to a stop. If the hive is well stocked both with brood and stores, there iS a subsidence of activity and a cessation of brood-rearing. By the middle or -end of August all the young brood is matured and in full strength, having had enough field exercise to develop, without wearing out their normal powers of flight and work. Then as the nights begin to get chilly, and bad weather occa- sionally prevails, the bees become quiet, glide into inaction, and compose themselves for their long sleep, if sleep it be, or for that condition of wakeful lethargy which is favorable for wintering in the best possible manner. If this is a correct statement of the case for Canadian beedom, it follows that September is too late for feeding to be done to the best advan- tage. I would rather counsel bee-keepers to ascertain the condi- tion of their colonies as to winter stores at the close of their honey season, whenever that is, and do their feeding forth- with. I am inclined to think that the fierce and eager craving for stores which leads to bees pestering housekeepers in fruit- preserving time arises from a sense of the food-supply being insufficient, and is really a frantic and desperate effort to make up the deficiency of which they are conscious. During the honey season, when there is a copious flow of nectar, housekeepers are not thus annoyed. So of robbing. There is none of it when there is plenty of nectar throughout " all out- doors." Bees are less inclined to rob when feeding is put off until September. So also are they less likely to take down and store syrup. It is very easy to institute precautions against robbing, by feeding only in the evening, and using wire-cloth at the entrances of the hives to give ventilation without leaving more than a single bee-space or so during the daytime. It is every way better to feed early, thus calming the anxiety of the bees for more stores, and giving the bee- keeper the satisfaction of knowing, in good time, that his bees are "ready, aye ready " for their winter ordeal. There will be a large amount of feeding required the pres- ent season if bees are to be preserved alive. It is the height of cruelty to let any colonies die of hunger. If a bee-keeper has more colonies than he can afford to feed, he should select as many of the best as he can support in comfort, and sulphur the rest. Suffocation with brimstone is an easy method of dy- ing. The bees are gradually stupefied into a sleep that knows no waking. But death by starvation is a barbarity from which every humane mind shrinks. I do not believe with Cowper, that the poor beetle we tread upon, " in corporeal suffering feels as great a pang As when a giant dies/' Neither do I think that it is as horrible a thing for a bee to starve to death as it is for a human being to suffer that fate, but if a colony cannot be fed and kept in comfort, by all means let it be brimstoned forthwith and put out of its misery. I make the suggestion for what it is worth, that it might be well for those who have more colonies than they can afford to feed, to advertise them at cheap rates, explaining to buyers that they will need feeding, that they have only stores enough to last a little while, but that they may be readily fed up so as to winter safely, and come out in strong condition next spring. At the present low price of sugar, it will pay one who wishes to get cheaply into bee-keeping, to buy some weak colonies and feed them up, say at a dollar per colony. Of course it would be better for the bee-keeper himself to spend that much in prolonging the lives of his bees, if he can find a way of doing it. UPWARD VENTILATION AND SEALED COVERS. I shall only add at this time a few words on upward ven- tilation and sealed covers. I do not pin my faith absolutely to either. A very small amount of upward ventilation ap- pears to be quite harmless and perhaps beneficial. But much of it makes the bees more or less uneasy, increases the con- sumption of food and adds to the accumulation of feces. Sealed covers, on the other hand, lead to condensation of moisture to such an extent that it often drips from the en- trance, if the fioor of the hive inclines outward, or accumu- lates on the bottom-board, if the inclination is the other way. If sharp, freezing weather comes when this moist condition of things exists, the walls of the hive, outer combs and floor will become icy, giving the bees chilling surroundings, that cannot but be most detrimental to them. I have settled down for my own part on using a woolen blanket or carpet cover, and on top of it porous and absorbent material, such as old news- papers and pamphlets, or sawdust, chaff, cut straw and forest leaves. The woolen material next the bees conveys the mois- ture to the other side of the piece of blanket or carpet, where contact with the absorbent material causes it to pass upward, so rendering it harmless to the bees. ' I suppose there is the slightest possible upward ventilation, a sort of slow percola- tion of air and moisture, but it works well, provided the en- trance of the hive is not too narrow and contracted. OONUUCTED BY DR. J. JP. n. BRO\VlSr, AUGUSTA., GA. [Please send all questions relating to bee-keeping in the South direct to Br. Brown, and he will answer in this department.— Ed. 1 The Uphills and Downliills in Bee-Keeping. Dear Dr. Brown : — Through the American Bee Journal you may take the idea that I am a Texas bee-man. You may be right, as I keep about 100 colonies, more or less. The number changes like the fall and rise of the hygrometer ; from 100 it may fall to 80, from 80 to 120, but with not much honey, nearly at all seasons. You may see by this that my method of keeping bees is sul generis. You would naturally ask: "By the heavens, what is the matter ?" As a christian gentleman the inquiry would be well put; for they are heav- enly influences (say nothing of a personal character) that make the bee-business with me a financial failure. This heavenly blight is the aridity of our climate; not only in the bee-business, but of nearly all others except the onerous tax business, and the land business, that periodically prospers here on the patronage of foreign " fools." I keep bees because I love them, and often make them in- strumental to all sorts of experiments. My experience in the bee-line is prodigious, and I believe I could tell you more about apiarian failures than any one in the fraternity. My present stock is from three colonies ; but in a land of the liv- ing I should be monarch of a thousand queens, with at least two billions working subjects to increase the store of my wealth. In the dehut of my bee-enterprise I expended money lib- erally on it ; and to look at the systematic array of my hives, nicely painted, and artistically numbered, nestled within a cool (?) grove, the sight is one to excite admiration. My api- ary is really a bower of delight; but not profitable, and to tread with peaceful intentions among a hundred queens, each guarded by a terrible army of many thousand, is the " sweet 478 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 25, emotion of bravery " I daily enjoy. But as to their present management — with old age stealing on me, taking nearly all physical vigor out of me, except in spirit, that refuses in its exhilarance to march hand in hand with waning age, I neces- sarily instituted a new system of bee-keeping; that is, I Ticep them, and not much more, I cease to feed them, no longer give them foundation, let them enjoy the heat of the summer, and the cold in the winter ad libitum, freely divide my swarms to the glory of the forest. But I neglect them not in toto. To maintain them in a good condition, I allow them double the ration they need, and so practicable I am, that at times I pile up a stack of stories, to keep them at work, to prevent swarming, to make colonies strong, and to effect them to kill the moth themselves. The whole affair is a sort of a self- acting and self-sustaining arrangement, with only now and then a touch of a master's hand — for the sake of an apiarian respectability, for I have a horror of slovenliness. In referring to some of the back numbers of the Bee Journal, you will find on record some of my bee-inventions, a few of which I have materially improved, and will bear further notice. In the issue of Dec. 5, and Aug. 8, 1888, the rack holding my smoker is now permanently fastened to a gallon tin paint-can, and, in using it, it is simply hooked to the side of the hive, in a manner so that the current of air will draw the smoke over the top of it. The arrangement is ' very efficient. It gives no excess of smoke, the bees are promptly driven down ; there is no dust, ashes and soot that will soil the honey, and, what is of special value, it is auto- matic, and gives free use of both hands. I have used no other smoker since 1888, and wish nothing better; and as to the cost of making it, we might call it the " dime smoker." To regulate the ignition, use a tin cover with a wooden handle. In a dead calm of air, I at times use this cover to fan the smoke over the hive ; and for preliminary smoking at the en- trance, if the air is not propitious, I give a few whiffs of smoke with the fan. Let me privately tell you, if the bee- fraternity knew the merits of this smoker, they would discard all others. I likewise, in the same number of the Bee Journal, gave my method to keep the frames of hives a proper distance apart ; by driving wire nails into each end of the frame from the outside. It is a very efficient plan, but it requires too much tinkering ; and now I simply use the two-pointed carpet- tacks. They are of the right size, and when once placed be- tween the frames, will require no further attention. I have to say with a heartfelt gratitude : Blessed the man that in- vented the two-pointed tacks ! With this communication I will send you a paper where the press herald me as a " great inventor." I admit the sub- ject, but protest against the adjective. But I will say, of many of my inventions, confined in the different departments of science, there are some that don't give me uear the satis- faction that I feel in the two very simple ones mentioned above. Often an invention is valuable, where efficient effects are brought about by simple means. Yours truly, Austin, Tex. G. P. Hachknberg, M. D. /Kn)or)Q ii)c Bee-Papers AMOUNT GATHERED BY BEES IN A DAY. According to the observations of Schachinger, a Hungari- an priest, when 20,000 bees gather, in a day 8.83 ounces of honey, 30,000 bees gather three times, 40,000 eight times, and 50,000 twelve times as much. The data of these obser- vations are not given. — Review. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON BEES IN WINTER. That is a suggestive thought on wintering which Dr. Mil- ler brings out in Gleanings. When the air in our living-rooms is very impure from lack of ventilation we shiver at 70^ ; but when the air is perfectly pure and crisp we feel warm at 65 '. This is very probably one reason why zero harms out-door bees less than 32 harms cellar bees. — E. E. Hasty, in Review. ARTIFICIAL INCUBATION OF QUEEN-CELLS. The subject of artificial incubation of queen-cells is very old. Under the heading of "Lamp Nursery," in the old edi- tions of our "A B C " book, away back in 1878-79, there are full particulars on this subject ; but there are very few queen- breeders, if any, who now use artificial heat for hatching cells. What are known as "hatchers" — a series of queen- cages put down between the frames, or on top of them, over a powerful colony— is preferred. These little cages contain a single cell ; and the heat arising from the cluster is sufficient to hatch them. Of course, the natural heat of the colony is far superior, more regular, and better in every way, than any- thing that can be supplied by artificial means. — Gleanings. CRIMSON CLOVER AS A HONEY-PLANT. Crimson clover, sown the middle of August on the writer's experiment plot, commenced blooming the first of May and ripened its seed early in June. For four weeks the honey-bees hummed joyously over its beautiful blossoms. Wherever it can be grown, crimson clover is a honey-plant of great value. It is the first of all the clovers to bloom. Where the bee- keeper has white clover or Alsike clover, he can add one month, at least, to the length of the honey harvest by a field of crimson clover. — Farm and Fireside. GETTING RID OF ANTS. To get rid of the small ants, find their nest if possible. Make a hole through the center of the nest with a crowbar, and pour in about half an ounce of bisulphide of carbon, which you can get at your drug-store. Quickly cover the hole and it will destroy the nest, ants and all, but it will not kill vegetation. If you cannot find the nest, put a little molasses on a board, poisoned with strychnine, or some other poison. Put this in a place where only the ants themselves can get at the sweet. This will kill them as they make their visits ; but of course the better way is to get at their nests. — Gleanings. DAMPENING SECTIONS FOR FOLDING. Sections, from being kept in a dry place, become so brittle that many of them break in folding. The best remedy is to put them in a damp cellar a few days before folding them. If there is not time for this the usual practice . is to wet the grooves. S. E. Miller, in the Progressive condemns this plan, as it causes the sides of the grooves to swell, thus increasing the strain on the part that bends. He recommends the laying of a dozen or more sections on a table, the grooves being turned down, then with clear water and a small brush wet them just back of the grooves. The sections can then be piled up and another lot laid down and wet. My remedy would be to use four-piece sections. — Review. CERESIN FOUNDATION. It is generally supposed that this country is at the head in matters of adulteration, but I doubt whether any firm in this country makes a practice of manufacturing foundation from anything but genuine beeswax, and certainly they would not advertise foundation of any other kind. Here's something from Karl Mathey, in Gleanings : I reproduce the following, simply to show that foundation made from ceresin is publicly sold iu Germany : " The undersigned firm offer ceresin foundation in their price-list, together with that made from pure wax, on the fol- lowing grounds : " 1. The amount of beeswax produced, when compared with that of honey, is very insignificant, being scarcely 5 per cent, of the latter. " 2. The cheaper foundation made of ceresin, whether the extractor be used or not, and be the honey harvest never so good, is decidedly conducive to an increase in the net amount of honey produced as compared with the use of foundation made from pure beeswax. " 8. The price of beeswax must fall more and more — that is, come nearer to that of ceresin, and that is only a question of time — or else the use of ceresin and other kinds of wax will become more and more common. But if it does become cheaper, then the use of ceresin for foundation will be discon- tinued. "4. No man, either officer of the law or a private citizen, can control or hinder any one of the thousands of bee-keepers of Austro-Hungary in the use of ceresin foundation, whenever and wherever he pleases, whether it be made by means of a plaster-Paris or wax mold." Baron Rothschuetz. Weixelburg, Austria. Xlie BIcEvoy Poul Brood Xreatment is given in Dr. Howard's pamphlet on " Foul Brood ; Its Natural History and Rational Treatment." It is the latest publication on the subject, and should be in the hands of every bee-keeper. Price, 25 cents ; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year —both for $1.10. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 479 A Stingfing^ Reply. (In four parts.) Part 1 — " By jove, this must be the very place where Miss Constance said she would leave the message that would seal my fate." -^. , ?)': Part 3— "Ah, yes; I can identify the tree by the characters upon it. The letter must be inside." Part 3—" To be or not to be ?— that is the question." Biggest Premium We Ever Offered ! THE BEE-KEEPER'S GUIDE: -OK- MANUAL OF THE APIARY. TBY PROF. A. J. COOK. This 15th and latest edition of Prof. Cook's magnificent book of 460 pages, in neat and substantial cloth binding, we propose to give away to our present sub- scribers, for the work of getting nevf subscribers for the American Bee Journal. A description of the book here is quite unnecessary — it is simply the most com- complete scientific and practical bee-book published to-day. Fully illustrated, and all written in the most fascinating style. The author is also too well-known to the whole bee-world to require any introduction. No bee-keeper is fully equipped, or his library complete, without "The Bee-Keeper's Guide." HERE IS OUR GRAND OFFER: Send us Two New Subscribers to the Bee Journal (with .$2.00), and we will mail Tou a copy of Prof. Cook's book free as a premium. No premium is also giv- en to th_e new subscribers, under this offer. The postpaid price of the book_ alone is $1.25, or we club it with the Bee Journal for a year — both together for .81.75. But surely anybody can get only two new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year, and thus get the book as a premium. Let everybody try for it. We want to give away 1000 copies of this book by Oct. 1. Will tou have one ? GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 56 Fifth Ave., CHICAGO, ILLS. ConTentiOD l^otices. California.— The next meeting of the Tu- lare County Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in Vlsalla, Aug. 14, 1895. All interested are invited. J. E. Yoong, Sec. Visalia, Calif. Texas.— The Texas State Bee-Keepers' As- sociation *ill meet at Greenville, Tex., Aug. 21 and 22, 1895. Good premiums are offered for best exhibits. All are invited to attend. Deport, Tex. W, H. White, Sec. Illinois. — The annual meeting of the Northern Illinois Bee-Keepers' Association will be held at the residence of O. Taylor, in Harlem, 111., on Tuesday, Aug. 20, 1895. All are cordially Invited. B. Kennedy, Sec. New MUtord, 111. Tennessee.— The next annual meeting of the East Tennessee Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion will be held at Mulberry Gap, Tenn., on August 16. 1895. The members are urged to attend and all bee-keepers are invited to be present. H.F Coleman, See. SneedvlUe, Tenn. Wisconsin.— The Southwestern Wisconsin Bee-Keepers' Association will hold its next meeting at Plattevllle, Wis., Oct. 8 and 9, 1895. "Come, every one." Don't get dis- couraged if we haven't got a crop of honey. We will have a good time at Plattevllle, just the same Bring your wives and daughters with you. Many interesting subjects will be discussed. M. M. EiCE. Sec. Boscobel. Wis. Wants or Excliaiiges. This department Is only for your " Wants " or bona-flde " Exchanges," and such will be Inserted here at 10 cents a Hue tor each time, when specially ordered into this depart- ment. Exchanges for cash or for price-lists, or notices offering articles for sale, will not be inserted here- such belong in the regular advertising columns, at regular rates. TO EXCHANGE-Bees and Queens for an Organ. F. C. Morrow, 27Att Wallaceburg, Ark. TO EXCHANGE— Lossing's "Civil War in America" (3 vols.i, for Honey. Address, J. C. York, Alliance, Ohio. Mai-lcet Ciarden. — The June number of the ■• Market Garden,"' published by the Market Garden Co., Minneapolis, Minn, is a special number on the construction of vegetable greenhouses. Anyone interested in this industry may have a sample copy free by mentioning this paper. North American Bee-Keepers' Association Opficbrs for 1895. Pres.— R. F. Holtermann Brantford, Ont Vice-Pres.- L. D. Stilson York, Nebr. Secretary.- W. Z. Hutchinson... Flint, Mich. Treasurer.— J. T. Calvert Medina, Ohio. National Bee-Keepers' Union, PREbiDENT— Hon. R. L. Taylor. .Lapeer. Mich. Gen'l Manager— T. G. Newman, Chicago, 111. 147 South Western Avenue. Part J—! ! ! ! ! [— ..Vcio York Herald. 480 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 25, mmm. miimmk s hippino-g ases We make a Specialty of these Goods, and defy Competition in QXJA-XjITTr, "WOK,K;IwIA.N-SK[IF and I=K,ICE3S. E^ Write for Free Illustrated Catalogue and Price-Jjist. Or. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis. ^^ Be sure to mention the American Bee Journal when you write. _^ California % If you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers, Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Paciflc Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated, $2.40 per aanum^ Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RVRAL PRESS, 220 Market St., - SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. BEGINNERS. Beginners should have a copy of the Amateur Bee-Keeper, a 70-page book by Prof. J. W. House. Price 25 cents; if sent by mail, 28c. The little book and the Progressive Bee-Keeper (a live, pro- gressive 28-page monthly journal) one year, 6oo. Address any flrst-class dealer, or liEAHY MFG. CO., Hig-ginsville, Mo. APIARIAN SUPPLIES X=?L,«e?=#ei Keeper "—how to manage bees, etc.— 25 cts. The -Model Coop," for hen and her brood Wyandotte, Langshan and Leghorn Eggs fo7 hatching. Cat. free. Liiit state what you want J. W. ROUSE & CO. , Mexico, Mo. \ BIG DROPS of water has made the vegetation. Now the sun shines — the Honey wells up — the Bees gather it, and every Bee-Keeper should have all needed Supplies at once. Catalogue Free. Thos. G. Kewiuaii, ^^^l^i^ltxl^r- EVERY FARMER SHOULD HAVE A HANDY TOOL-HOLDER ! Sent by Express, for $1.50 ; or willi llie Bee Journal one year — bolli for $i2.oo. Every Manufacturer, Miller. Carpenter, Cabinet Maker, Machinist. Wheelwright and Quarryman. Farmer, or any one using a grind- stone, should have one of these Tool-Holders. One boy can do the work of two persons, and grind much faster, easier and with perfect accuracy. Will hold any kind of tool, from the smallest chisel to a draw shave or ax. Extra attachment for sharpening scythe blades included in the above price. The work la done without wetting the hands or soiling the clothes, as the water flows from the opera- tor. It can be attached to any size stone for baud or steam power, is always ready for use, nothing to get out of orc'ur, and Is absolutely worth 100 times its co»^. No farm is well-equipped un- less It has a Tool-Holder. Pays 'or itself in a short lime. How to Use the Holder. Directions.— The Tool is fas- tened securely in the Holder by a set-screw and can be ground to any desired bevel by insert- ing the arm of the Holder into a higher or lower notch of the standard. While turning the crank with the right hand, the left rests on an steadies the Holder ; the Tool is moved to the right or left .icross the stone, or examined while grind- ing, as readily and in the same way as If held in th*} hands. For grinding Round . Edge Tools, the holes in the stand- ard are used Instead of the notches. Address, GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 56 Fifth a.ve., CHICAGO, TT.T, Qeiperal Hcn)s. Small Nails for Spacing Frames. I think the idea is a good one, to hold the frames in position a certain distance apart in the hive ready to receive the new colony of bees. I only put nails in the top-bars, thinking that nails in the bottom-bars might injure the sides of the combs if I wished to take out a central frame. I use a plumb-bob device to level the ground, or coal cinders, before putting the hive on the spot I want it to occupy in the apiary, and by having the frames hang as perpendicularly as possible in the hive, it will do away with nails in the bottom-bars. I had several hives ready waiting for col- onies to swarm, and I took two of them and put nails in the top-bars at once, and will overhaul all of them fast as 1 may want theni. T. N. CoE. Clintonville. Ohio. The Season in West Virginia. We are having quite a drouth here, and it is cutting our honey crop short. Our white clover is almost a failure. The sour- gum and sumac are just beginning to bloom, which are good honey-plants. Buck- wheat bloom is very good for bees, but there is not much raised in this locality. I want to sow some i£ rain comes soon. Some of my neighbors who keep bees say theirs are doing well at this time, but if it does not rain soon it will be hard on them next winter, unless they are fed. I have in- creased from S to 12 colonies by making nu- clei. I do not let ray bees swarm, but will not divide any more this season. I com- menced with one colony two years ago and have been successful, and have not had to feed very much, but what I do feed. I do it when there is plenty for the bees to work on. so I am never bothered with robbers. The American Bee Journal is welcomed at my home every Friday evening. My neighbor. C. C. Harter, is going into the bee-business pretty extensively. He has close to 40 colonies, and keeps nothing but pure golden Italian bees. S. L. Delanet. St. Leo, W. Va., June 33. Heavy Loss in Winter, Etc. Out of 7 colonies put into the cellar in good condition last fall, I took out 4 weak ones this spring, and they dwindled to 0, so I am out of the business. But I am not alone: bees dwindled badly in this locality. I think fully 0(1 per cent, of the colonies died between Dec. 1 and May 1, and the rest are mostly weak. Well, it is probably all for the best, as we shall have no surplus without it is from fall bloom. The frosts the last of May killed the basswood buds, and the drouth has ruined the white clover, so that bees are living partly on their stores now. I wish to say to Mr. E. S. Lovsey, through the American Bee Journal (as others may feel interested in the welfare of honey- yielding plants as well), that of the seeds he sent me I got a good stand of alfalfa and sweet clover, but did not get a single plant of Rocky Mountain bee-plant, though I tried several ways. The alfalfa looks well uow, although it is on clay soil which froze G feet deep last winter, and we have scarce- ly any rain this summer. The ground was frozen when the snow left, and I do not re- member any rains to amount to anything except on May 30 and June 21. I could not well keep bees without the American Bee Journal. J. H. Dyson. Belleville, Wis., June 20. A New "Bee-Killer." Some timo ago Dr. Miller and Mr. Doolit- tle indulged in a discussion in one of the bee-papers upon the merits of their respec- tive paddles for killing scolding bees. I 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 481 SPECIAL NOTICE For July and August only. To those who nev- er tried our strain of Hoiiey-Gatlierliig Italians we will send one Sample Queen tor the triHing sum of 50 cts. One Queen only will be sent at above price to one address. All Queens Warranted Puiely Mated. All Queens sent by return mail, weather permitting. Address all orders to. liEININGEK BROS.. 28Etf FT. JENNINGS, OHIO. ITALIAN QUEENS Untested, July to Oct., 75c. eacU— 3 for $2.00. Tested Queens, $1.00 each. By return mail. Satisfaction Guaranteed Send for Free Illustrated Circular to THEODORE BENDER, 28Atf 18 Fulton St.. CANTON. OHIO. MtntUyn the American B&f Journal. THROAT AND LUNG DISEASES, DR. PEIRO, Specialist Offices: 1019, 100 State St., CHICAGO. Hours 9 to 4. Hr* AnIr-M-n 1024 Mississippi St . It. iiCKlin, St. Paul, minu. Northwestern Agent For The A. 1. Rdot Co.'s Apiarian Supplies Send for I BEES AND Queens Price-List f For Sale. 2 1 A17 mention the American Ber Journal, SAVE MONEY 'Sl'^Jt^y'^^V. ITALIAN QUEENS Foundation at Wholesale Prices. Hives, suited for the South, or St'PPlilES, send for Prlce-List— to J. P. K. KANSAS BEE:KEEPERS ! Before placing your order for Supplies write for my Very Low Prices on D. T. HIVES. SECTIONS, SMOKERS SHIPPING-CASES AND COMB FOUNDATION. Catalogue Free. 18Etf A. W. SW^AN, Centralia, Kan. (jueeiis Yellow to the Tip. AH Cells Built In Full Colonies From Klost Desirable Motliers. I am now practically isolated from other bees and am mating all Queens to very large yel- low drones from a colony that wintered suc- cessfully on summer stand; also gave a large yield of comb honey last season. Queens not related to drones. I can ship by return mail, and guarantee safe arrival. Ifyouwant the best Queens send your orders to JAS. F. WOOD, the Qdeen Specialist— price 75 cts. each. Address, J. F. WOOD. 28Etf Nortb Prescott, Mass. WHEN ANSWERING THIS ADVEHTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNM- "THE MARKET GARDEN." A IVIONTHLY JOURNAL FOR MARKET GARDENERS AND TRUCKERS. 50 cents a If ear. Sample Copy FREE. THE MARKET GARDEN CO. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. .30A2t Mention the American Bee Journal FROM IMPORTED MOTHERS. Choice Tested Italian Queens, that will make Fine Breeders— 50 cts. each; Untested. 40 cts. Satisfaction guaranteed. List free. L. E. EVANS, Onsted, Lenawee Co., Mich. 30A2t Mention the American Bee Journal. think one used a wooden paddle and the other a paddle made of wire. I am not sure which came out ahead — I am too busy taking off honey to look it up — but I believe Dr. Miller was on the fence! I send here- with a picture of a paddle I have been us- ing this season, and will tell the readers of the "Old Reliable" how it is made. It combines the lightness and rigidity of the Miller paddle with the swiftness and de- structiveness of the Doolittle, and is better than either of them. Take a shingle about three inches wide — as it is the fashion to use old things for tools for the apiary. I would say, take an old shingle— and shave the heavy end down to a convenient handle. With a sharp knife cut a few holes in the other end to let the air pass through when striking at a bee. If the holes are made too large the bee will also pass through and come around and sting the apiarist on the back of the neck. If the paddle is made just right, the yard can be cleared of scolders in a very few minutes. In the hands of an expert it never tails to draw a scolding bee into the vortex. The handle may be studded with dia- monds, if the bee-keeper has an eye for the beautiful! Geo. W. Stephens. Denison, Iowa. Cold and Drouth— Kingbirds. I have 13 colonies of bees. One colony died last winter, and one this spring. I have had four swarms. Frost, freeze, and drouth almost destroyed the fruit-blos- soms, and white clover honey in this section. I differ from Mrs. Mate Williams about the •■ kingbird." She says: "Itdoesnot eat them (the bees), but pinches the honey out of them." I have shot numbers of them, and always dissected them, imvn-'uihbj finding from 10 to 24 bees in their crops. W. R. Whitney. Phillipsburg, Pa., June 37. New Use for a Telephone, Etc. I have 17 colonies of bees which I run in connection with a small farm, and I have to leave the bees for my wife to watch in the time of swarming. I have a telephone line running over my apiary to one of my neighbors, and when the bees swarm they keep up such a racket by bumping against the wire that they can be heard anywhere in our three rooms, and also at our neigh- bor's at the other end of the line — GO rods away. If any of your readers doubt this statement, please try it. It is a very poor season so far here for honey. I have only 4 or 5 colonies that are storing any surplus. Basswood is in bloom, but I do not think the bees gather any honey from it. Motherwort, catnip and mustard are the only honey-plants they work on now. We hare having the worst spring drouth that was ever known in southern Michigan. S. A. Raymond. Bonney, Mich., July 3. The Season — Spring Feeding-. As basswood has just bloomed its last for this year in this locality, I thought I would give my experience. Last year the season was extremely dry. and we got no surplus honey to speak of. but last fall the white clover got such a start that I felt sure of a good honey year in 18U5. and so it proved, for of all the springs I ever saw. the past was the most beautiful, but only for a season, for in the midst of its glory came the ten days of frost and cold winds, that put everything back, and destroyed the fruit so that instead of swarming as the bees intended, they had to stay in their hives and use up what they had gathered in the sunshine. But next to the frost came dry weather, which dried up the clovers, withering the blooms and preventing more from appearing, so in May, when we should have heard the happy hum that proves that honey is coming in. our bees were disheart- ened and staid in the hives. To go back a little ; On April 11 there appeared Mr. C. Davenport's valuable arti- cle on spring feeding, which impressed me as of great value. I read it carefully, but feared to follow its teachings, lest I should not only lose a crop of honey, but lose money and time in feeding sugar; but day by day. as the dry weather continued, I felt something must be doije, so I got 100 pounds of sugar, and commenced to feed in jelly-glass feeders in the supers, all the colonies that were not strong, and a tew that were, so that brood-rearing was not interfered with. (I can assure you I got no encouragement in the house to throw away my good sugar on the lazy bees.) About June 30. basswood began to bloom (we have not as much as in the past, for the timber is fast disappearing), and the bees, to get. a move on them, after they had worked a day or two. I took away a weak colony that was beside a strong one, caus- ing the working bees to put their honey in the strong one; it seemed to work so well that I did the same with others, getting a few very strong colonies, and obliging them to store honey for me in the supers. It also gave me a lot of weak colonies that are doing nothing. At the end of 10 days the basswood honey-flow was over, and I have a nice lot of partly-filled sections, but none completed. Now comes the les- son : It instead of feeding 100 pounds of sugar, at 5 cents per pound, to the weak colonies, I had ted 3 or 4 hundred pounds, and caused the bees to almost fill the brood- nest with sugar syrup, they would, at the beginning of the basswood honey-flow, have gone above and stored three times the value of the sugar in nice honey. J feel sure Mr. Davenport has the right idea, for a locality and a season like this. Now. so far as we can see. there will be nothing for the bees to gather this year but what they have got at the side of the roads and fence corners. E. B. Ellis. Cooksville, 111., July 4. Old & Scarce Bee-Books Huber. $3 ; Keaumur, $6 ; Wildman, $6; But- ler, 1634, (Phonetic, rare), $20; Pictorlus, Lat- in, 1563, fine copy. $.'>; Hill, 1608. $5; War- der, 1749, $3; Maxwell, ilne and Tare. 1747, $7i Bonner, good, $0 ; Mills. 1766, $3; Thorley 1774. $4; Keys, an able work, $4; Eowatson, excellent and rare, 1827. $3; Bevan, valuable to all bee-keepers, 1827. $4; Munn and Hun- ter, very rare, one book. £3: Mackloskie, Co- villand, Briant. one, $2 ; DeGelieu, $l..o(); Shuckard, British Bees, .SI; Cotton, $3; Jar- dine, Sir \Vm.. $3: Nutt, $3; Huish. 1842, $3. French Works — Delia Rocca. 3 vols., $6; Frariere, has Prokopovitch's hive, $2. German Works — Shirach, 1789, a great work, $.5 ; Riem. extremely rare and valuable, Dresden, 1708, $5. These book are of great interest to all stu- dents of apiculture everywhere. Write for any work on Bees you want. CT. S. money and stamps taken. \V. K. IVIORRISON, 30A2t Devonshire, Bermuda Isles. Mention the American Bee Journal, TAKE NOTICE! BEFORE placing your orders for SUP- PLIES, write tor prices on 1-Piece Bass wood Sections. Bee- Hives. Shipping -Cratea Frames. Foundation, Smokers, etc. PAOE & IvYOBf MFG. CO. NEW LONDON, WIS. Me'oMon the A.rnerican Bee Journal. Original Adel Queens ! ! This famous strain of Yellow-Banded Bees are giving satisfaction where tbey have been introduced. I have had tnis strain in my api- ary six years, and never have had a swarm of bees from them. And in the particular colo- ny from which I am rearing Queens. I have never received a sting. Every subscriber to the American Bee Journal can obtain one Wahkanted Queen by remitting 75 cts. Or $1.50 pays for the above bee-paper and one of the finest " Adel " Queens. Address, SOAtt HEXRV ALI^EY, WENHAM, MASS. 482 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 25, A Big Offer to Present Snbsciters Only ! 50 cts. Worth of Books Free! Read On! We will give to any present regular subscriber to the Bee Journal, 50 cents' worth of the books described below for each nkw subscriber sent us for a year at $1.00. Send on the new sub- scribers and select the books you want. This is an easy way to get some good books. No premium will also be given to the new subscriber. Now, everybody hustle up 1 ^^ f ^" 1*^ ^^ ^^^ M-X' ^^ Preparation of Honey for the Alarket, ■K H ha ■ p^ ■ B C I 1% ^% Including the production and care uf comb and %^ ^H ba ^^ ^^^ ^^F am ^^ extracted honey. A chapter from Bees and HoxEV. Price, 10 cents. SEXT POSTPAID BV „ „ . ^ -. Bee-Paaturaffe a Xecesslty.— This book BUg l-r^nVO*P Vv V' nvlr Rr IjO Rests what and how to plan U Is a chapter fron. VSTCJUl^t^ VV . XUlii. cts. Foul Brood Trcalnieiit, by Prof. F. R. Cheshire.— Its Cause and Prevention. Price, 10 cts. Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohuke.— Origin. Development and Cure. Price, lio cts. Honey as Food and ITIedioine, by T. G. Newman.— A 32-page pamphlet : just the thing to create a demand tor honey at home. Should be scattered freely. Contains recipes for Honey-Cakes, Cookies, Puddings. Koam, Wines, and uses of honey for medicine. Prices, prepaid— Single copy, .5 ctB.; 10 copies, 35 cts.; 5<» for $1.50: loo for $2.50; 250 for $5.50; 5iX) for $10.00; or I000for$15.(»0. When 250 or more are ordered, we will print the bee-keeper's card (free of cost) on the front cover page. FnierNon Binders, made especially for the Bee .Todrnat,, are convenient for preserving each number as fast as received. Not mailable to Cunada. Price. 75 cts. Book Clubbing Oflers. The following clubbing: prices include the American Bee Journal one j-car with each book named. Kemember, that only one book can be taken in each case with the Bee Jour- nal a year at the prices named. If more books are wanted, see postpaid prices given with the description of tlie books on this page. Following is the clubbing-list: 1. Langstroth on the Honey-Bee $2.10 2. A B C of Bee-Culture 2.00 3. Bee-Keeper's Guide 1.75 4. Bees and Houey [Cloth bound] 1.65 5. Scientific Queen-Kearing 1.65 6. Dr. Howard's Foul Brood Book 1.10 7. Advanced Bee-Culture 1.30 8. Amerikanlsche Bienenzucht [Germ.] 1.75 9. Bienen-Kultur [German] 1.25 10. Rational Bee-Keeping [Cloth bound] 2.00 11. Rational Bee-KeepiDg [Paper tound] 1.75 12. Thirty Years Among the Bees 1.30 13. Bee-Keeping for Profit 1.15 14. Convention HandBook 1.15 15. Poultry for Market and Profit 1.10 16. Turkeys for Market and Profit 1.10 17. Capons and C'aponiznig 1.10 18. Our Poultry Doctor 1.10 19. How We Made the Old Farm Pay 1.15 20. Green's Six Books on Fruit-Culture.- 1.15 21. Garden and Orchard 1.15 22. How to Propagate and Grow Fruit. . . 1.15 23. Rural Life 1.10 24. Emerson Binder for the Bee Journal. 1.60 25. Commercial Calculator. No. 1 1.25 26. Commercial Calculator, No. 2 1.40 Honey & Beeswax Market Quotations. CHICAGO, Ili.,., June 7.— We have our usual dull season which we look forward to and ex- pect. Honey is entirely forgotten during tlie months of June. July and August. The mar- ket is pretty well cleaned up of all grades of honey, so the prospects are encouraging for the coming season. We are getting 13®14c. for light comb. J. A. L. CHICAGO, III., May 23, — The trade in comb honey is very light at this time of the year— as it is between seasons. Soon we will get the new crop, and It will come on a bare market. Just now what little comb sells brings 14c. for the best grades. Extracted, 5H@7c. All good grades of beeswax, 30c, R. A. B. &Co. CINCINNATI. O., July 8.— There is a good demand for extracted honey at 4@7c., with a small supply on the market. Demand Is fair for choice white comb honey at 12@14c. Beeswax is in good demand at 25@30c. for good to choice yellow. C. F. M. & S. KANSAS CITY, Mo., July 20,— Old stock of honey well cleaned up. Some new comb on the market. We quote: New comb. No. 1 white, l-lbs„14@15c,; No. 2, 12@l3c,; No, 1 amber, 12@13c.; No. 2, lOQUc. Extracted, white, 6@6i4c,; amber, 5@6c, Beeswax, 22c, C, C, C, & Co, PHILADELPHIA, Pa„ June 18,— The new crop of comb honey is arriving slowly, and is in fair demand. No new extracted honey has arrived in this market as yet. We quote: Comb honey, 9@13c. Extracted, 4^@6c. Beeswax is still declining. The adulteration of beeswax has demoralized our market this spring, and has hurt our sales considerable. Price, 2o@27c. W, A, S. NEW YORK, N. Y., July 6.— The market is about bare of comb honey and there is no de- mand at the present. The market is quiet on extracted. Demand is limited, with plenty of supply arriving to meet the demands and more. We quote: California, 6@6^c.; South- ern, choice, 60@65c. per gallon; common, 50 @55o. per gallon. Beeswax is declining and selling at from 29@30c, at present, but the indications are that the price will decline still further. H, B, & S, PTH'S HONET EXTBACTOB PERFECTION Cold-Blast Smokers, Sqoare Glass Honey Jars, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth St, Son. Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O. Send lOo tor Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers. Mention the A.inerican Bee Journal, List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers, Most of whom Quote In this Journal. Ctalcago. Ills. J. A. Lamon, 43 South Water St. E. A. BURNETT & Co,, 163 South Water Street New York, N. V. F. I. Sage & Son, 183 Reade Street. HiLDRETH Bros. & Seoelken. 120 & 122 West Broadway Chas. Israel, & Bros.. 486 Canal St. I. J. Stringham, 105 Park Place. Kansas City, Mo. C. C. Clemoms & Co., 423 Walnut St. Buffalo, N.Y. Battbrson & Co., 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chas. Dadant & Son. Pblladelpbia, Pa. Wm. a. Selser, 10 Vine St. Cincinnati, Otalo. C. F. Muth & Son. cor. Freeman & Central avB ITALIAN BEES AND QUEENS. Queens, 75 cents, or two for $1.00. Mrs. A. A. SIMPSON, 29A8t SWARTS, Greene Co., PA 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 483 QUEENS ! Now ready by return mail, reared In full col- onies from the best honey-gathering strains In America, at the following very low prices: Tested each $1.50 per >4 dozen 8.00 Warranted purely-mated each .7.5 per H dozen 4.2.5 '■ per dozen 8.00 If you want Queens for buftlness, get my old reliable strain. 40-p. descriptive Catalog Free. W. W. GARV, Colraln, Mass. 27Atf MerUlon the American Bee JoumaL -SPOT CASH- I Extracted Houey ! Send Sample ami ioivest J^Wccs, KASTLER AND IRVINQ, 237 Blue Island Ave.. 26A4t Clilcaso, Ills. Mentimi Oie A.meHain Bee Joumak Woodcliff Queens. I will send a Guaranteed 5-Banded Yellow Queen, bred from a Breeder selected from 1000 Queens (some producing over 400 lbs. of honey to the colony); or a 3-Banded Italian Leather-Colored Queen direct from a Breeder imported from Italy. Oct. '94— at 75c., and a special low price for a quantity. My secret is to sell an extra-large amount, which enables me to sell at low prices. Will run this spring 3.50 Nuclei — have 1 home and 4 out apiaries. No Queens superior to my Strain. ^~ Send for Descriptive Catalogue and Testimonials, to Wm. a. Selser, Wyncote. Pa. Mentian the A.mcr>ca7}, Bee Journal. 0^ Either 3 or 3 Band- 11 _ _ ^^ ^^ -^ .^ ed, 60c. each ; 6 for ■ llinQrlO S3. 2.5. Give me a ■ I I I fZ Wm I I ^ trial. I can please W U W I I W .vou. Catalog free. % Ctaas. H. Xliles, 24Atf Steeleville, Randolph Co., III. Mention the American Bee Jounvxt COMB FOUNDATION. Wholesale aud Retail. Qualitj" always the best. Price always lowest. Working Wax Into Foundation by the lb. a Specialty. I can make it an object for you in any quantity, but otEer special induce- ments on straight 25 or 50 lb. lots. Or for making large lot of Wax into ii"oundation. I am furnishing large Dealers, and can also please you. Beestvax taRen at all times. Write tor Samples and Prices, to CDS DITTMER, AUGUSTA, WIS. Reference— Augusta Bank. lOAtf WHEN Answering this advertisement, mention this journm.. GOLDEN QUEENS From Texas. K'S^S.'.'S' as well as for Beauty and Gentleness. ^~ Safe arrival and reasonable satisfac- tion guaranteed. Write for Price-List. Untested, 7 He— Warranted, $1. IjISBOlSr, ) Box 3 TEjX:. J. D. GIVENS 10A26 Mention the American Bee Journal. T AND LUNG DISEASES, DR. PEIRO. Specialist Offices: loig, lOo State St., CHICAGO. Hours 9 to 4. Queens and Iclei ! Untested Italian Queens, by return mail, 75c; Tested. $1.00; Select Tested, $1.50. Nuclei, by express— per Frame. 75c. Address. C. E. mEAD, 87 Artesian Ave., Station D, Chicago, III. MentUyii the A.merlcan Bee Jownml. Questiot;)'Box^ In the multitude of counsellors there is safety. — Prov. 11-14. Amount of Honey Used by a Colony in One Year. Query 981.— How much honey does a col- ony of bees need a year for its own consump- tion ? I mean for the whole year, not merely for winter. — Pa. Eugene Secor — I don't know. W. G. Larrabee — I don't know. W. R. Graham — About 100 pounds. E. France — I don't know, and won't guess. Mrs. L. Harrison — Who can tell ? I cannot. G. M. Doolittle — I estimate about 60 pounds. P. H. Elwood — I don't know. Ask the experiment stations. Wm. M. Barnum — About 50 pounds. Perhaps a trifle more. Prof. A. J. Cook — I do not know, but would guess 60 pounds. J. A. Green — I could only guess at this. Probably 60 to 75 pounds. J. M. Hambaugh — I do not know, but at a rough guess I will say 80 pounds. Rev. E. T. Abbott— I do not know. It would depend upon the size of the col- ony. , H. D. Cutting — All It can get, and in many localities you will have to feed to keep them. Rev. M. Mahin — I do not know, and at best those who know more about it can only guess, Dr. C. C. Miller— I don't know. Look at Doolittle's answer. Here's a nut for Experimenter Taylor. B. Taylor^ — That depends upon the size of the colony, the length of the win- ter, and other I cannot answer. Chas. Dadant & Son — This is almost impossible to answer, as all depends up- on the quantity of brood reared. C. H. Dibbern — There is no way to tell just how much honey bees consume in summertime, therefore I must say I don't know. Dr. J. P. H. Brown — There is too much depending in this question to give a correct answer. This answer would be guess-work. R. L. Taylor — I don't know, and I would give a fine present to anyone who would tell me a way by whi(»h I could find out for certain. Mrs. J. N. Heater — I do not know. There are so many things to consider in answering this question, which must of necessity be but a guess. Jas. A. Stone — I do not see how that could be estimated, as they certainly take a part of what they gather while at work, so it would have to be considered ^how much of the time they are at work. Allen Pringle — That is a question to be guessed at, but we might figure a little thus : In this climate from No- vember 1 to the end of February (4 months of "masterly inactivity"), 5 pounds will do. The two months imme- diately preceding these and the two immediately following them (4 months) of say 4 times the activity equals 4 times 5 equals 20, plus 5 equals 25 pounds. The other 4 months of very stirring times, say 8 times the activity, equals 8 times 5 equals 40, plus 25 equals 65 pounds in a year. Of course I would not swear to that. J. E. Pond— I pass. From 10 to 25 pounds will carry a colony through a long winter, but in the summer bees are at work, and I don't know of any rule by which even a guess could be made. To attempt to answer would, in my opinion, be a mere matter of guess-work. G. W. Demaree — The amount of honey consumed by a colony of bees in the course of a year is necessarily an un- known quantity, because the number of bees reared by the colony in a year is not a fixed number — some queens are more prolific than others. At best, only a crude approximation is possible, and nothing gained by that. Globe Be^^^ii Mail for One Dollar. ' Five cross-bars are rlvlted in the 'centre at the top. These bend down f and button to studs on a neck-band. .The bars are best light spring steel. * The neck. band is hard sprintr brass. The netting is white with face-piece of bIack*to see through. It is easily put together and folds ^compactly in a case, 1x6x7 Inches, "—the whole weighing but 5 ounces. It can be worn over an ordinary hat; fits any head: does notobstruct the vision, and can be worn in bed without discomfort. It Is a boon to any one whom flies bother, mosqultos bite, or bees sting. Nets, 50 cts. eacli. E^ This Veil we club with the Bee Journal for one year— both for $1 .75 ; or give free as a Premium for sending us 3 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at $1.00 each. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., - CHICAGO, ILLS. Mention the American Bee Journal. You Can't Beat Elasticity. Manufacturersof soft wire fences have tried itfiiryears. Unruly bulls, runaway horses, and all kinds of farm stocl; have tired them- selves out on it. and stiltit 'waves' above all competition. For full oarticulars address PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, IWich. DISHES ?f for descriptive »The QUAKER No need of it. The Faultless Quaker will do it for you and save time, liaiids, dishes_, money, "* and patience;no 6calded hands, broken or chip- ped dishes, no muss. Washes, rinces dries and iolishes quickly, ^ade of best ma- terial, lasts a life- time. Sellatsight. Agents, womenor men of honor de- siring employ- ment may havea paying business by writing now circulars and terms to agents, NOVELTY CO., Salem, 0. Mention Vte American Bee Journal. 484 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 25, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! It is always economy to buy the best, espe- cially when the best cost no more than something: not half so g-ood. OUR FAL- CON SECTIONS are acknowledged to be superior to any on the market. The same is also true of our HIVES and BEE- KEEPEKS' SUPPLIES, of which wo make all modern styles. OUH PRICES will be found as low as those of any of our competitors, and in many cases low- er, and you are always sure of getting: first-class goods. We alfo publish THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER, a monthly magazine (Fifth year) at .')0c. a year. In- valuable to beginners. Large illustrated catalogue and price-list free. Address, THEW.T.FALCOmMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. ^r- W. in. Oerrlsli, of East Nottlns- bam, IV. H., is our Eastern agent. New England customers may save freight by pur- chasing of him. What's the Use of Keeping Bees If you do not sell the honey? That's what we are here for. Get our high prices before sell- ing. C. R. HORKIE & CO., Commission Merchants, 234 ISoiitli Water St., Chicago, III. Reference— First National Bank. 34A13 Mention the American Bee Journal, I AEISE rpO SAY to the readere X of the BEE JOURNAL thai DOOLIXTIiE has concluded to sell — BEKS and QUEENS— In their season, during 1895, at the following prices : One Colony of Italians on 9 Gallup frames, in liKbt shipping-box $7 00 Five Colonies 30 00 Ten Colonies 50 00 1 untested queen. 1 Cmj 6 " queens 5 50 12 1 tested Queen... 3 " Queens . 1 select tested queen 2 oo 3 *' " Queens 5 0<' Beleciiesiedi queen, previous season's rearing.. 4 (hi Kitra Selected forbreeding, the vert best.. 6 0rodueing comb honey for the past 18 years, and by a special method for producing large, long-lived, pro- lific Queens. Can furnish either 3 or 5 Band- ed stock, bred in separate yards, .'i-Banded bred from my own or Imported Mother. No foul brood or paralysis. Warranted Queens, purely mated, 60 cts.; Tested, .$1.00: Selected Breeders, $2.50. Discount on quantities. 27Atf J. H. GOOD, Nappanee, Ind. Is a good thing T\ Vaii but here's eome-|l or I nil thing better " "* "'"• Until further notice I will furnish COIUB FOUNDATION as follows : 10 lbs. Heavy or Medium Brood Fdu.SS.SO 10 lbs. Light •' 3.70 10 lbs. Thin Surplus Foundation. .. 4.00 10 lbs. Extra-Thin Surplus Fdn 4.50 No orders will be accepted at these prices from persops living east of New York State. Free Silver W.J. Fitich,Jr.,Springfield, 111 38A13 afcn^ion tfce American Be« JtmrmM. Abbott's Space. T|iat "SUoe" Hive! Write for a Circular and Say How Many Hives You Will Need. Address, Emerson T. Abbott, ST. JOSEPH, MO. Mention the American Bee Jounwt. 17 YEARS AGO DADANT'S FOUNDATION W:is first offered lor sale. The following- parties keep it in stock and havu Itept it for years for ■• sale. Why ? Because they want to handle only the best goods, and they say they get the best goods when they buy Dadant*s Foundation: Thomas G. Newman, Chicago, Ills. C. F. Muth & Son. ('incinnali, Ohio Chas. H. Green, Wauliesha, Wis. Chas. Hertel, Freeburg, Ills. E. Kretchmer, Red Oak, Iowa. Jos. Nysewander. Des Moines, Iowa. G. B. Lewis Co.. Walertown, Wis. James Reynolds Elevator Co., Poughkeepate. N Y. Page & Lyon. New London, Wis. La. Bee-Keepers' Supply Co., Donaldsonville, La. E. F. Quigley, UnionvUle, Mo. G. K. Hubbard. Fort Wavne. Ind. L. Hanssen. Davenport, Iowa. C. Theilmann,Theilnianton, Minn. E. C. Eaglesfield, Berlin. Wis. Waiter 8. Pouder, Indianapolis, Ind B. T. Abbott. St. Joseph, Mo. J. M. Jenkins, Wetumpka, Alabama John Key, Bast SHginaw, Mich. J. W. Bittenbender, Knoxville, Iowa. Vickerv Bros., Evansville, Ind. Mrs. Jennie Atchley. Beevilie, Texas. Is not such a steady trade a proof of real merit in the ^oods we sell ? We also make a specialty of Veils and Veil Stuffy of best quality. BEESWAX WAXTED AT ALL. Ti:?lES. Bee-keepers' Supplies, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails, etc. Samples of F^oun- dation and Xulle KR.EE with circular. Instructions to beginners with circular. Send us your address. CHAS. DADANT & SON, Mention the American Bee Joumat. HAMILTON, Hancock Co., TLZi, 8-Fraiue ^Hicleiis and Italian Qneen -$2.50.- Untested Queens, 75c.; Six for $3.50. I>i!!!iCoiiiit oift Quantities. FULL-LINE-OF-SUPPLIES. I. J. ISTRINOHAIM, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK. N. Y Mention the American Bee Journal. PATENT WIRED COMB FODNDATIOH Has No Sag in Brood-Frames Thin Flat-Bottom Foundation Has No Fishbone in the Sarplos Honey , BelnR the cleanest Is usually worked the quickest of any Foundation made J. VAN DEUSEN & SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Sprout Brook Montgomery Co., N. Y. Queens Sent Promptly. other breeders may Sell Queens cheaper than I do, but they can't furnish better Queens or All orders more promptly. Keeping a large number of Queens on hand in nuclei enables me to sell Tested Queens, of this year's rearing, at $1.00 each, or six for $5.00. and to send them by return mail. More thau 8i.x Queens (tested) will be sold at 75 cents each, and will probably go by return mail unless the order is unusually large, but I don't promise that such shall be the case when the number ordered exceeds six. As a matter of fact, however, every order received the past two months has been filled the same day IC came. One Queen and the Review for $1.50. Samples of the Review free. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mioli. Notice ! = We beg to announce that we ha?e completed arrangements with the Porters whereby we secure for this country the control of the sale of that very e.xcellent and almost indispensable implement — W PORflE ffS-fSflirB. It will be manufactured by the Porters, as formerly, but write to us for prices in both large and small quantities. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. 35th Year. CHICAGO, ILL., AUG. 1, 1895. No. 31. Cot;)tributed /Vrticles^ Oji Important Apiarian Subjects. How to Improve Your Bees Cheaply. BT JAS. F. WOOD. This article is intended to help those to requeen their col- onies that have either old or undesirable queens, and I trust that many of my brother bee-keepers who cannot afford to buy queens from good breeders will try to discard the queens from all their cross colonies, as well as those that begin to fail from old age. What is more annoying than to extract honey, or in any way handle, a cross colony ? I believe all queens from such colonies should be superseded for better stock. I will give a method that I used succcessfully in an apiary of over 50 colonies of black bees. I selected two of the strongest colonies that I had, and started as many cells as I wished, which I think was about 20 in each hive (20 is all any colony should rear at the utmost limit). These cells were reared from the most desirable col- ony I had ; that is, the one that gave the largest yield of honey, and at the same time were gentle. Here is the point for you to look out for : Be sure to select for a breeder a col- ony that is above the average as honey-gatherers. You can easily designate your most industrious colonies, even if there is no great flow of honey. I have not space in this article to tell you how to start cells, but I think others have told this ; if not, I think any of the standard books give at least one good method. I will say briefly this : Stimulate your cell-building colonies by feeding sugar syrup every evening until the cells are sealed, and feed liberally. Mark the date that the cells are sealed, and be sure to make no mistake. Now suppose the cells are all sealed, say Aug. 1 ; on Aug. 6 you should remove all your undesirable queens, and Aug. 7, late in the afternoon, insert a cell in each of the queenless colonies. Now in four or five days examine for cells, and if you find the cell has hatched, and no other cells started, you doubtless have a young queen, when the colony will need no further examination until the young queen is 12 days old. Examine all colonies that you gave cells now, and if you find eggs in abundance in the center of the hive, you may rest as- sured that colony is all right. Such will be the case with nearly every colony. Some will doubtless lose their queens when they fly to meet the drones. These queenless colonies should now be supplied with a laying queen. (You can keep the best ones that you remove, caged in full colonies that have queens, and use them to supply what few are missing.) I have said nothing about controlling the drones while Wood Lily — {Lilium PJUladelphieum). (Copyrighted by Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.) •' Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow ; They toil not, neither do they spin ; And yet I say unto you, that Solomon in all his glory Was not arrayed like one of these." 486 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 1, the young queons are mating, which will take place from the third to the eighth day after they hatch. If you have the Alley traps, put them on all but your best colonies, including the one that you reared the !o as Second-Class Mail-Matter.] Vol. fflV. CHICAGO, ILL, AU&, 1, 1895. No, 31. Editorial Budget* Prof. Cook reports having a fine class in entomology at the Chautauqua Assembly now in session at Long Beach, Calif. He also gives general lectures there. On page 461 I gave a full notice of this matter. Rev. Emerson T. Abbott, we regret very much to learn, has been on the sick list for quite a long time, and fears he may have to do less of writing and other work for a time. I hope he may soon regain his former health. I don't think he " enjoys " poor health any more than other people. *—¥ Mr. J. S. Harbison, the once famous California bee- keeper, read an excellent essay at a farmers' institute held at San Diego last month. Mr. Harbison was at one time the most extensive apiarist on the Pacific Coast, and was the in- ventor of the Harbison hive, which was used largely in Cali- fornia some years ago. Mr. Xbos. O. Xe'wman, ex-editor of the American Bee Journal, intends to be present at the Toronto meeting of North American, Sept. 4, 5 and 6. He will address the con- vention on "The Past, Present and Future of the Bee-Keep- ers' Union." It will be a good opportunity for Mr. Newman's many personal friends to meet him again, and talk over old times and scenes. The Amalg-aniation of the North American and the Bee-Keepers' Union is one of Vie topics for discussion just now, and should be of particular interest to all, especially to the members of the Union. While the subject can only be (Uscussed at Toronto, and simply recommendations made looking toward uniting the two organizations (if it is favored by a majority at the Toronto meeting), I have wonderedif it might not be well to have an informal ballot on the question 'ic/ore the meeting of the North American, each member of the Union voting either for or against the proposed now arrangement. On page 493, of this number of the Bee Journal, it will be seen that a majority of those who expressed themselves in the July Review are greatly in favor of uniting the two socie- ties, as are also the editors of the majority of the bee-papers, I believe. To my mind, there is no question about the advan- tages to be gained by the amalgamation, to all concerned therein. Suppose all who are members of the Bee-Keepers' Union, and read the Bee Journal, send a postal card at once to this office, saying whether or not they favor the uniting of the two societies. I will publish them all in symposium style, provided the replies are sulficiently brief. If you wish, you could sim- ply say " Yes "or " No " to this question : As a member of the Bee-Keepers' Union, are you in favor of making one grand society of the North American Bee- Keepers' Association and the National Bee-Keepers' Union, by uniting them under one management? Understand, please, that this would not be a final vote — simply an informal ballot — and not at all decisive, or binding upon any one. Now, if the members of the Bee-Keepers' Union who read the Bee Journal, desire, each can write yes or no to that ques- tion on a postal card, sign his or her name, and mail it to this office. If all will do this not later than Aug. 15, we can know something of the feeling of the Union members before the Toronto convention, and at very little expense — only one cent per member. ■•-.-•- Sugar-Honey in Canada.— Without stirring up any more discussion on the sugar-honey question, 1 want to reproduce this short editorial found in Gleanings for July 1, on the subject: It comes to us in a sort of roundabout way that there are some bee-keepers in Canada who are producing sugar-honey — that is, a so-called honey produced by feeding sugar to the bees. There is little or none of that thing going on in this country, I believe, and I really hope there never will be. In Canada, some of the prominent bee-keepers are taking vigor- ous measures to keep such honey out of the market, and I hope they will, for I cannot believe that the average dealer here, or in Canada, will sell it for just what it is, for then it would not sell at all. Our Canadian friends are endeavoring to get a law passed on this subject, so as to be able to prevent the sale of sugar- honey as floral-honey over there. It is believed they will suc- ceed. They deserve success in this matter, for they have worked hard for it. Mr. E. J. Baxter, of Nauvoo, 111. — a son-in-law of Mr. Chas. Dadant — gave the Bee Journal office a pleasant call a week ago last Saturday. He reports no honey crop this year, making the third failure in succession. Referring to the late discussion on the subject of straw- berries and bees, in these columns, Mr. Baxter said he agreed fully with Mr. Abbott. He has some 80 acres of strawberries in Iowa, and said that the bees fairly swarmed on them. Also, that a near neighbor in Nauvoo, who had a fine crop of straw- berries this year (while others had scarcely any), attributed his success to the presence of Mr. Baxter's bees that worked freely upon them during the blossoming period. It begins to look as if bees do pay quite a little attention to strawberries. Liberal Book Premiums are offered on page 482, for the work of getting new subscribers to the Bee Jour- nal. It is a fine chance to get a complete apicultural library. Think of it — bO cents' worth of books given to the one send- ing a new subscriber ! Remember, please, that only present subscribers to the Bee Journal can take advantage of that ofiEer. The publishers of the Bee Journal believe in making it an object for the old subscribers to push for new readers among their neighbors and friends, hence the generous pre- lum offers to them. It is hoped that all may begin now to work. Sample copies of the Bee Journal free. < » > Xoms de Plume are not regarded favorably by the Bee-Keepers' Review. Editor Hutohiuson says : " Protected by a nom de plume, one will be less guarded in utterance ; it is too much like talking about a person who is absent ; and things are said that would not be said if he were present." May be so. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 493 New Subscribers and Premiums.— Those who send new subscribers will please remember that we do not now offer to give "Bees and Honey" bound in paper to any new subscriber, unless the new subscriber himself or herself sends us the $1.00 for the Bee Journal a year. In other words, we do not now offer two premiums on one new name. Another thing : In order to secure any particular pre- mium requiring more than one new subscriber, you need not wait until you have all the required new names, but send them in with the money as fast as you get them, and select your premium when sending the last new subscriber in the club. By so doing the new readers will be getting their copies of the Bee Journal right along, and will not have to wait. Please remember, also, that we cannot furnish back num- bers in regular order since Jan. 1, 1895. We have a few odd back numbers left, which we are disposing of in lots of 10 for 10 cents, as stated on page 476. All new subscriptions will begin with the current number when the names are received. ■*-»-*■ Mr. Henry Sutherland, of Bainbridge, Mich., called at the Bee Journal office last week. The A. I. Root Co. are arranging to nearly double their present capacity for turning out hives and sections. That shows a good deal of faith in the future of bee-keeping. But it doesn't pay to get discouraged in any worthy cause. When things again take a turn for the better, bee-keepers may have to believe as did the cat on a dark night when he fairly flew ahead of the on-coming bootjacks, brickbats, etc. — he concluded everything was coming his way ! Be ready for the "good time coming." •*-*-*' Mr. A. Y. Bald-win, of DeKalb, III., dropped into the Bee Journal office while in Chicago July 24. He reports 130 colonies, and but very little honey on account of the drouth. fS.n)or)(^ \\)€ Bee-Papers Gleaned by Dr. JUlUer. THE NORTH AMERICAN AND THE BEE-KEEPERS' UNION. Much space is taken up with these topics in the July num- ber of Review. Rev. W. P. Clarke regrets the failure of the North American to be a representative body, and takes a rather gloomy view of its character. He says : "But the Association has never come up to the ideal formed by its originators, who hoped to make it a Supreme Court or High Parliament of bee-keeping. It has been, for the most part, a mere school for beginners, and there has al- ways been a strongly-marked dislike of thoughtful essays and really able discussions. A good social time and a gossipy talk over the A B C of bee-keeping has been about all the meetings have amounted to. Consequently, many of our foremost bee- keepers have been once and did not care to come again." James Heddon, although in a different line, takes equally a pessimistic view. Among other things he says: " Then there is another weak condition with the apicul- tural organizations we have had. The leaders have not been honey-produc;ers, consequently they were not filled with api- cultural enthusiasm. What kind of enthusiasm, then, did bring these men to our conventions, and cause them to seek a leading position at the front ? Some desired to be seen. Others had axes to grind. They had some money speculation in view. It has been preachers, professors, publishers, supply-dealers, and a few side-issue bee-keepers, who have been at the front as leaders, because of their energies to get there, and the fool- ishness of bee-keepers to assist them. Most of these men are impractical, not only as honey-producers, but as workers in any cause. We want practical organizers, instead theoretical ones." Allen Pringle. in a very clear and sensible article, not only tells what he thinks ought to be done, but tells in detail just how it should be done. He gives bee-keepers' credit for honesty and enthusiasm, but thinks there is still enough self- ishness left in them to desire a quid pro quo. He says : "It may be taken for granted that a large majority of bee-keepers who would become members and workers in an organization must have substantial inducements held out to them, and be convinced that the thing will pay them in dol- lars and cents. That fetches them, and that once realized they stay, and for a reason which is all-potent with them." And to be able to meet the case, money must come from outside the organization in the shape of a grant from the State or General Government. Referring to the success of their societies in Canada, he thinks there should be a follow- ing in the same line farther south. He says : " Our county societies are affiliated with our Provincial (the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association) and would not amount to much of themselves independent of the central society from which they receive an annual money grant and other privi- leges. Of course the Provincial society receives an annual grant of money from the Provincial government, which is the financial backbone of the society, enabling it to accomplish the splendid work it does; while without that grant the Asso- ciation could do but little, if it could exist at all. The grant enables the society to hold out to bee-keepers substantial in- ducements to join and remain members. Each member gets an annual premium of some kind nearly if not quite equal to his membership fee of one dollar. He also gets the annual official report, including the essays in full, and discussions, of the annual meeting." The important matter of securing the appropriation he thinks can be accomplished in this wise : " Let the State society get the names of the best and most prominent of these in every constituency, and have them write simultaneously to their respective members during the session when the legislation is being sought. Get as many bee-keepers in every ' riding ' as possible to write to their member, urging him to support the bee-keepers' bill. In this way every representative would be reached right from home — from his own constituents; and a general attack of that sort all along the line would have its effect. Even one judicious letter from the constituent would have weight with the mem- ber and the more the better to every member. This, as I know by experience, works like magic. Try it ; but do not rest with merely advising all and sundry persons through the bee-journals to write their members. If you do, it will not be done. Only a few will write. Having their names, they can be prompted and urged personally, by letter or otherwise, at small expense. Supply them with suggestions, forms and postage — i. e., those who need such looking after. It will pay. It is investing one dollar to get back fifty. Of course this pre'-supposes that there are a few, more or less, in every State who will push the work, and who are the men to do it. That much given, it certainly can be done." Mr. Pringle strongly emphasizes the securing of a grant by saying : "On this one matter of getting a regular government grant your success in organization depends more, vastly, than on anything else, because there is, I have no doubt, the api- cultural material in every State to make a good and useful society." Regarding the proposed union he says: "In union there is strength, and if I may give an opinion in the premises, I may say I quite agree with the editor of the Review that a union of the North American and the Bee- Keepers' Union would be a wise move, and to the advantage of both." Thos. G. Newmnn, General Manager of the Bee-Keepers' Union, deplores the act that separated the two organizations, but gives his disapproval of a return to the union in this em- phatic fashion : "Now, in less than a year, up comes the proposition to re- marry the two again. The National Association is to marry the Union, as a blushing bride, probably because of her dow- ery. What child's play and foolishness !" R. McKnight thinks the social feature of the North Amer- ican has been its greatest attraction, but this has been re- 494 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 1, stricted by the great distances to be traveled. He is not positive as to how the society can be brought to the highest state of effectiveness, but thinks it might be accomplished thus : "Amalgamate the North American and the Union ; merge the functions of both organizations in one ; secure an ener- getic business man to manage the society's work; have him devote his whole time to build up and extend its influence, and let him be adequately remunerated for his services." The editor favors the union, enters somewhat into history, and says : "The Union was organized for a specific purpose, and has done its work well, but a close observer must have noticed that the amount of work that it does lessens as the years go by. At first there was more work than money with which to carry it on, while its manager worked for nothing ; now he has a salary (and most richly does he deserve it), yet money is accumulating in the treasury. Some excellent and righteous decisions have been secured, and these have a most quieting effect when shoved under the nose of some would-be perse- cutor. For this reason the number of expensive lawsuits have decreased. This is a condition that would naturally be expected and is desirable. Now the question arises, would it not be better that some of this money should be used for the good of bee-keeping; rather than that it should go on accumu- lating year after year ? (Perhaps a lowering of the fees would be a better plan.) Of course, those who contributed to the making up of this sum are the ones to say what shall be done with it. By the way, Bro. Newman says this sum was raised for the purpose of defense. This is true, but it is also true that it can be used to prosecute adulterators of honey, to secure legislation — in short, for any purpose thought advis- able by the Advisory Board." An editorial on this subject in Gleanings for July 15, reads thus : " Shall the Bee-Keepers' Union be consolidated with the North American ? is a question that is now and should be thoroughly discussed preparatory to the next meeting of the latter at Toronto. It is being advocated by the American Bee Journal and the Bee-Keepers' Review. So far as I at present see. Gleanings is also in favor of the scheme. Bro. York thinks it would give us a membership of 500 or 1,000, and a fund from both treasuries of §800 ; and then, as he pertinent- >y remarks, " we could petition Congress or State legislatures, in such a way that they would hear and — grant." You are quite right, Bro. York. Of course, the consolidation would not affect the workings of the Union. Carjadiat) Beedorr?^ Clipping^ the Wings of v Song — " Queenie Jeanette" — which is being sung everywhere, we can send you for 40 cents, postpaid, or club it with the American Bee Journal for one year — both for only $1.10. Or, send us one new subscriber for a year (with .?1.00), and we will mail you a copy of the song free. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 495 CONDUCTED BY Rev. Emerson T. JLbbott, St. (Joseph, Afo. Xot Quite All. — "All are starving for better bee-lit- erature."— J. W. Tefft. I fear Friend Tefft, like some others, is drawing a little upon his imagination. Apiculture has about as good litera- ture as any industry of the same importance. Then, if there is such a great demand for a better literature, why do not some of the people who know so well the defects of our litera- ture go to work and improve it ? The door is wide open, and there is every chance for anyone who thinks he can fill the vacuum to walk in and occupy the building. It is a very easy thing to stand on the outside and say what should be done, but it another thing to do it. Every man who has published a paper knows that it is frequently the man who is in arrears for a year or two who does the most kicking. There is noth- ing personal in this remark ; I only state a general principle. How to Know the "Wild Flowers. — Whatever renders Nature more attractive, whatever adds to our store of knowledge of the things with which we daily come in con- tact, has not been created in vain, and should command our attention. I am led into this train of thought by reading a very interesting and useful book, by Mrs William Starr Dana, entitled, " How to Know the Wild Flowers," published by Chas. Scribner's Sons, New York. This is not a mere text-book on botany, but an attractive and helpful talk about hundreds of our wild flowers ; yet it is so arranged and the matter so classified that, with the book in hand, a thoughtful, studious person will be able to properly name and classify most of the common flowers of field and wood with which he may come in contact. It is filled with il- lustrations which materially help the reader to understand the descriptive matter. [A sample of them appears on the first page. — Editok.] The text has woven into it many apt quotations and dainty bits of poetry about the flower in question, which re- lieve one of the feeling that he is reading the dry facts of a text-book. There is a great deal of information about many flowers, which cannot be found'in ordinary text-books on bot- any, and could be obtained from other sources only by a wide course of reading. A walk in the meadow or forest, with the book for a com- panion, cannot fail to furnish recreation, as well as informa- tion which will be found valuable in the after walks of life. Comb-Building by Drones, Is It?— Do the drones build all the comb ? Ttie " new edition " of the ABC of Bee-Culture is just out. On page o52 we read : " In 1880 we offered Friend Doolittle $100 for a careful going-over of the 'A B C book, that he might point out its faults, and add such suggestions as his large experience might dictate In the present edition (1891) we employed him to go all over it again and bring his suggestions up to present date." On page 360 we read : " Recognizing the value of the comments of Mr. Doolittle in previous editions of this work, I have thought best to solicit the aid, in a similar way, of a no less practical and prominent bee-keeper. Dr. C. C. Miller, of Marengo, III. Accordingly, in 1888 he reviewed most carefully this entire work, and I here append the comments which he has made." In the preface to this edition we read : "The present edition, as well as the previous editions, is not only enlarged, and illustrated with many new and beautiful engravings, but it has received a careful and most thorough revision." Now, bearing the above in mind, let us quote some from the text. On page 176, article "Honey-Comb," after having shown up some of the errors of Agassiz and Tyndal, and hav- ing explained how the wax-scales are secreted, the writer says : " If a bee is obliged to carry one of these wax-scales but a short distance, he takes it in ftis mandibles, and looks as busi- ness-like thus as a carpenter with a board on his shoulder. If he has to carry it from the bottom of the honey-box, he takes it in a way that I cannot explain any better than to say he slips it under liis chin. When thus equipped, you would never know he was encumbered with anything, unless it chanced to slip out, when he will very dextronsly tuck it back with one of his fore feet. The little plate of wax is so warm from being kept under his chin, as to be quite soft when he gets back ; and as lie takes it out and gives it a pinch against the comb where the building is going on, one would think he might stop awhile, and put it into place ; but not /le ; for off he scampers and twists around so many different ways, you might think fte was not one of the working kind at all. Another follows after him sooner or later, and gives the wax a pinch, or a little scraping and burnishing with his polished mandibles, then an- other, and so on, and the sum total of all these manoeuvers is, that the comb seems almost to grow out of nothing; yet no bee ever makes a cell himself, and no comb-building is ever done by any bee while standing in a cell ; neither do the bees ever stand in rows and ' excavate,' or anything of the kind." The italics in the quotation are mine, as I want the reader to get the full force of the statements. Just think of it! Written by my friend, A. I., read twice by Doolittle for errors, and once by Dr. Miller, and then reviewed by our wide-awake and energetic friend, Ernest, and yet the he's are building comb ! This,is funny ! Can we now blame the editor of the Cosmopolitan for putting a few he's in his head-lines and notes ? Say, Bro. Root, send me a check for $100, and I will go through the "A B C" and clothe the bees in their proper gender, and I may put different clothes on some other things before I get through. By the way, this " new edition " of the "A B C" is a valuable book, and every bee-keeper should have a copy. I will have more to say about it in the future. [The publishers of the Bee Journal have the above book for sale, postpaid, for $1.25 ; or clubbed with the Bee Journal one year— both together for $2.00. Better order a copy, if you haven't it already. — Editor.] Hardly. — " We need an apicultural station under the national government, and Frank Benton would be a good man to conduct it." — Editorial note in Gleanings. I cannot agree with you. Friend Root. I hardly think it would be best to put a man in such a position who takes a year to get out a report of a bee-convention. The best thing Mr. Benton can do is to retire from public life. A man who has so many personal grievances against his fellow bee-keep- ers should disconnect himself entirely from them, and take up some business where he can go it alone. Or at least this is my idea. lloiicy SIS Foo«l ami Me«liciiie. — A new and revised edition of this 33-page pamphlet is now issued. It has 5 blank pages on which to write or paste recipes taken from other sources. It is just what its name indicates, and should be liberally dis- tributed among the people everywhere to create a demand for honey. It contains a number of recipes on the use of honey as food and as medicine, besides much other interesting and valuable information. Prices, postpaid, are: Single copy, 5 ets. ; 10 copies 35 cts. ; 50 for S1.50 ; 100 for S3.50. Better give them a trial. Send aU orders to the Bee Journal office. The McEvoy Foul Brood Treatment is given in Dr. Howard's pamphlet on " Foul Brood ; Its Natural History and Rational Treatment." It is the latest publication on the subject, and should be in the hands of every bee-keeper. Price, 25 cents ; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year —both for $1.10. 496 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 1, Big^gest Premium We Ever Offered ! THE BEE-KEEPER'S GUIDE -on- MANUAL OF THE APIARY. BV PROF. A. J. COOK. This 15th and latest edition of Prof. Cook's magnificent book of 460 pages, in neat and substantial cloth binding, we propose to give away to our present sub- scribers, for the work of getting new subscribers for the American Bee Journal. A description of the book here is quite unnecessary — it is simply the most corn- complete scientific and practical bee-book published to-day. Fully illustrated, and all written in the most fascinating style. The author is also too well-known to the whole bee-world to require any introduction. No bee-keeper is fnlly equipped, or his library complete, without "The Bbe-Kbepeb's Guide." HERE IS OUR GRAND OFFER: Send us Two New Subscribers to the Bee Journal (with $2.00), and we will mail YOU a copy of Prof. Cook's book free as a premium. No premium is also giv- en to the new subscribers, under this offer. The postpaid price of the book alone is $1.25, or we club it with the Bee Journal for a year — both together for $1.75. But surely anybody can get only two new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year, and thus get the book as a premium. Let everybody try for it. We want to give away 1000 copies of this book by Oct. 1. Will tou have one ? GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 56 Fifth Ave., CHICAGO, ILLS. Gaiifornia ^. ^ If you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers. Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated, $2.40 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL. PRESS, 220 Market St., - SAN FRANCISCO. CAL. BEGINNERS. Beginners should have a copy of the Amateur Bee-Keeper, a 70-page book by Prof. J. W. House. Price 25 cents; if sent by mail, 28c. The little book and the Progressive Bee-Keeper (a live, pro- gressive 28-page monthly journal) one year, 6oc. Address any first-class dealer, or liEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo- APIARIAN SUPPLIES VERY chi:a.p —"Amateur Bee- Keeper"— how to manage bees, etc.— 25 cts. The "Model Coop." for hen and her brood Wyandotte, Lansfshan and Lptrhorn Eg-g-s foi hatching. Gat. free, but state what you wani J . W. BOUSE & CO. . Mexico, Mo. \ BIG DROPS of water has made the vegetation. Now the stiu shines — the Honey wells up — the Bees gather it, and every Bee-Keeper should have all needed Supplies at once. Catalogue Free. TIUK ft IV'MVllinil 1*7 South Western Ave. 1 IIOS. U. lU.H Illllll, CHICA«;0, I1.L. ECTlOPiS, BEE-MilVES, S IIIPPMG-C m We make a Specialty of these Goods, and defy Competition in Qxj,A.LiiT-5r, ■woK,K;ika:A.3STSiiip and p>k,ice:s. V Write for Free Illustrated Catalogue and Price-List. G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis. VS~ Be sure to mention the American Bee Journal when you write. _g^ Qerjeral Iten^s^ Ozark Mtn. Region — Hive-Covers. Shortly after May 3 I started for Arkan- sas— my former home — and while there I visited the apiarj- of F. M. Tiner. of In- gram, and found him to be a progressive bee-keeper, with his bees all in fairly good condition. Bees did but little here in the mountains on account of dry weather, until June I.'), when we bad good rains. That started everything to growing and bloom- ing nicely, and bees are domg better now. I notice on page 335, Wm. M. Barnum asks, " What imjirovement can the readers of the American Bee Journal suggest, that will make our hive-covers water proof, last- ing and non-crackable ?" lean tell howl fix my hive-covers. I just saturate them with oil just before nailing them together, and after nailing I paint the top. I never have had one to leak or crack that was treated in this way. J. R. Gibson. Redford, Mo. May His Like Increase. It is now nearing the close of my first year's subscription to the American Bee Journal, for which I will say there is not a finer or better bee-paper printed, and I can- not think of doing without it. C. L. Yarbrough. Fair Grove, Mo.. July 1. Hive-Covers — Potato Blossoms. I have read in the various bee-papers about leaky hive-covers. I am using some covers that I made over 20 years ago, for my old grandmother one time when I was home. They are made gabling, out of % boards, edges planed so they fit close to- gether. I cover them the satue way as we make what is called aboard a ship, "mast cloths.'' Take what painters call "grease paint," that is, all old paints thatthey turn together — all kinds of old paint that has stood for quite awhile. Put a thick coat on the boards, then right away down on over it heavy unbleached sheeting; tack it all around, after drawing it tight, then paint it over and let it dry hard. Give it two coats, and when it becomes dry it will not leak, crack or warp. Those I have, have been painted about every two years, and I am fixing all of my covers, as it is cheaper than tin. Is there any honey for the bees in potato blossoms ? I have about 10 acres of potatoes and one field ; the bees seem to be pretty thick on the blossoms, and the others they do not seem to visit at all. Charlton, Mass. Geo. L. Vinal. Swarming — Further Remarks. Concerning my remarks on the preven- tion of swarming on page 874, Dr. Miller wants some figures. My practical experience began four years ago. when I purchased 4 colonies, a stan- dard book on bee-culture, and other essen- tials. For the last three years each I have had 4, 7. and 11 colonies, respectively, and all but '2 in dovetail 8-frame chaS" hives. During those three seasons I had not a sin- gle natural swarm, increasing only by building up from nuclei. My experience for that time prompted me to write as I did ; but this season, with a spring count of 29, having purchased 13 additional colonies, I have had, up to this date (July 1), 9 swarms. Now, why should I get so many swarms this sea.son, and scarcely any surplus, when last season I got a fair surplus and no swarms ? The only reason tliat I can as- sign is, that I allowed myself to be par- tially convinced by the writings of others, that I had been tinkering with my bees too much, and consequently did not give them the requisite attention at the proper time. Will some one who knows, tell me wh]i some 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 497 bees siore surplus in abundance, while others, under exactly the same conditions, think chiefly of swarming ? If the differ- ence is not in the surrounding conditions, then it mimt be in the strain of bees. And this brings me to the substance of my former article, viz. : That with a proper strain of bees, and timely attention con- cerning their requirements for additional room, swarming can be reduced to a mini- mum. But it is necessary that we breed from non-swarming colonies, taking into consideration their other essential qualities in order to produce that strain. And here I find that Dr. Miller in the Query given on page 419, fully agrees with me, that it is possible in time to pro- duce a strain of bees that is not given to swarming at all, although he says that one gradually learns not to expect too much from the title, " How to Prevent Swarm- ing." John Welch, Jr. Frost, Ohio, July 1. Prospects in Northeastern OMo. I have been much interested in reading the reports under the heading of " General Items," in the Bee Journal, but I have not seen any reports from this part of the land. The past winter was a very severe one for the bees, as it was so cold, and the cold weather continued so late in the spring. I started in the winter with 31 colonies, and lost 7 during the winter and spring. We have a very poor prospect for a good honey crop this season, although there is a great deal of Alsike clover around here. The weather was very dry until a week ago, and since then we have had several good rains. While it was so dry the bees flew but very little during the middle part of the day. I think the weather was too hot and dry for the clover blossoms to secrete honey, but since the rains the bees are working much better. There will not be any, basswood blossoms for the bees to gather honey from this year, as the severe frosts during the middle of May froze the buds. The trees were bud- ded full, but the frosts were too much for them. I would like to hear from other bee- men whether the blossoms froze in other sections or not. The severe drouth of last summer, and during a pare of the summer before, has been very hard on the white clover, and has thinned it out a good deal. Two years ago at this time, I had taken 30 pounds of honey from one colony, and 25 pounds from another ; but nary a pound can I get at this time this year. There is not much in- terest taken in bee-keeping in this section of the country, as we very seldom have a very large crop of honey. Last year was a Tery poor season also, on account of the dry weather. Bees have swarmed but very little so far. I have not had any swarms at all yet, and have heard of but very few from others. I think bee-keepers ought to sow more Alsike clover, and encourage others to sow it. Sow sweet clover along the roadsides, and in other places where it would grow. Oakfield, O., June 26. J. S. Barb. A Not Encouraging Prophecy. It is nearly a half century ago that I set- tled my first swarm of bees, and since that I have learned something by the use of ex- perience and bees, and actual cartloads of bee-books and bee-papers ; yet, for all that, I have never figured to place myself in pub- lie attention as an apiarian savant. And in speaking of this season I may appear to some like Josh Billings' old hen, that prophesied after she had laid her egg, if I tell what I remarked early last spring about the prospects for the bees this season. I have a good locality, and a good loca- tion, both, and to me there is a wide dif- ference in the meanings of those two words. My bees never seemed to do better in open- ing out and booming for honey and brood- rearing, than they did during the bloom of spring; but that did not fool me, so I told various persons that I felt sure, from what Old & Scarce Bee-Books Huber, $3 ; Reaumur, J6 ; Wildman,S6; But- ler, 1634, (Phonetic, rare), S20; Pictorlus, Lat- in, 1563, fine copy. «.i; Hill, 1608. $.5; War- der, 1749, $5; Maxwell, fine and rare, 1747, $7; Bonner, good, $5: Mills. 1766, S3; Thorley 1774. $4; Keys, an able work, $4; Howatson, excellent and rare, 1827. *3; Sevan, valuable to all bee-keepers, 1827, S4; Munn and Hun- ter, very rare, one book. S3; Mackloskie, Co- villand, Briant. one, $2 ; DeGelieu, $1.50; Shuckard, British Bees, $1; Cotton. S3; Jar- dine. Sir Wm., $3; Nutt, S3; Hulsh. 1842, S3. French Works — Delia Rocoa, 3 vols., S6; Frariere, has Prokopovltch's hive, $2. German Works — Shlrach, 1789. a great work, $5; Riem. extremely rare and valuable, Dresden, 1798, $5. J These book are of great interest to'all stu- dents of apiculture everywhere, Write for any work on Bees vou want. U. S. money and stamps taken. \V. K. MOKRISON, 30A2t Devonshire, Bermuda Isles. Mention the American Bee journal, TAKE NOTICE I Before: placing your orders for SUP- PLIES, write for prices on 1-Piece Bass wood Sections, Bee-Hives, Shipping -Crates Frames, Foundation, Smokers, etc. PAGE & LYON MFG. CO. NEW LONDON, WIS. MentUm, the American Bee Journal. Original Adel Queens ! ! This famous strain of Yellow-Banded Bees are giving satisfaction where they have been introduced. 1 have had tnis strain in my api- ary six years, and never have had a swarm of bees from Ihem. And in the particular colo- ny from which I am rearing Queens. I have never received a sting. Every subscriber to the American Mee Journal can obtain one WARRANTED QuEEN by remitting 75 cts. Or SI. 50 pays for the above bee-paper and one of the finest " Adel ' ' Queens. Address, HENRY ALLEY, 30Atf WENHAM, MASS. SAVE MONEY 'U'^l,Ts%%tk'. ITALIAN QUEENS Fonndation at Wholesale Prices. Hives, suited tor the South, or SIJPP1.1ES, send for Price-List— to J. P. a. mmi -^H^ggz-^' ITALIAN QUEENS Untested, July to Oct., 75c. each— 3 for $2.00. Tested Queens, *1.00 each. By return mail. Satisfaction Guaranteed Send for Free Illustrated Circular to THEODORE BENDER, 28Att 18 Fulton St., CANTON, OHIO. Mentiiyn the American Bee Journal. THROftT AND LUNG DISEASES, DR. PEIRO. Specialist Offices; 1019, 100 State St., CHICAGO. Hours 9 to 4. Hr* li ^"X-wM.^ 1024 Mississippi St , Ij. iiCKilll, St. Paul, Mluu. Northwestern Agent For The A. I. Root Co.'s Apiarian Supplies Bees and Queens For Sale. Send tor I Price-Llst f 2 1 A 1 7 Mention the American Ber JotOTial, FROM IMPORTED MOTHERS. Choice Tested Italian Queens, that will make Fine Breeders— 50 cts. each; CJntested. 40 cts. Satisfaction guaranteed. List free. L. E. EVANS, Onsted, Lenawee Co., Mich. 30A2t . Mention the American Bee Jcumau Honey & Beeswax Market Quotations. CHICAGO, III., June 7.— We have our usual dull season which we looli forward to and ex- pect. Honev is entirely forgotten during the months of June, July and August. The mar- ket is pretty well cleaned up o( ail grades of honey, so the prospects are encouraging for the coming season. We are getting 13®14c. for light comb. J. A. L. CHICAGO, III., May 23. — The trade in comb honey Is very light at this time of the year— as it is between seasons. Soon we will get the new crop, and it will come on a bare mariict. Just now what little comb sells brings 14c. for the best grades. Extracted, 5!4@7c. All good grades of beeswax. 30c. R. A. B. & Co. CINCINNATI, O., July 8.— There is a good demand for extracted honey at 4@7c.. with a small supply on the market. Demand is fair for choice white comb honey at 12@I4c. Beeswax is in good demand at 2o@30c. for good to choice yellow. C. F. M. & S. KANSAS CITY, Mo., July 30.— Old stock of honey well cleaned up. Some new comb on the market. We quote: New comb. No. 1 white, 1-lbs., 14@15c.; No. 2. 13@13c.; No. 1 amber, 12@13c.; No. 2. 10@llc. Extracted, white, 6@6'/4c.; amber, 5@6c. Beeswax. 22c. C. C. C. & Co. PHILADELPHIA, PA.. June 18.— The new crop of comb honey is arriving slowly, and is in fair demand. No new extracted honey has arrived in this market as yet. We quote: Comb honev. 9@13c. Extracted, 4^@6c. Beeswax 'is still declining. The adulteration of beeswax has demoralized our market this spring, and has hurt our sales considerable. Price, 25@27c. W. A. S. NEW YORK, N. Y., July 6.— The market is about bare of comb honey and there is no de- mand at the present. The market is quiet on extracted. Demand Is limited, with plenty of supply arriving to meet the demands and more. We quote: California, 6@6!4o.; South- ern, choice, 60@65c. per gallon; common, 50 @55c. per gallon. Beeswax is declining and selling :it from 29(8300. at present, but the indications are that the price will decline still further. H. B. & S. MUTH'S HONE7 £XTRACTOB PERFECTION Cold-Blast Smokers, Etc. Square Glass Honey Jars, For Circulars, apply to Chab. F. Mhth & Son. Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O. Send lOo for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers. Mention the Americari Bee Jounifil.. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers, Most of whom Quote in this Journal. Cbicago, Ills. J. A. Lamon, 43 South Water St. K. A. Burnett Ik, Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. Y. F. I. Sage & Son, 183 Reade Street. HiLDRETH Bros. & Seoelken, 130 & 122 West Broadway. Chas. Israel & Bros., 486 Canal St. I. J. Stbingbam, 105 Park Place. Kansas City, Mo. 0. C. Clemoms & Co., 423 Walnut St. BuSalo, N. Y. BATTEB80N & CO., 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chas. Dadant & Son. Ptalladelpbta, Pa. Wm. A. Selser, 10 Vine St. Cincinnati, Oblo. C. F. MUTH & Son, cor. Freeman & Central avB. ITALIAN BEES AND QUEENS. Queens, 75 cents, or two for $1.00. Mrs. A. A. SIMPSON, 29A8t SWAETS, Greene Co., PA. 498 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 1, DO NOT ORDER IINTIE. VOU HAVE IVRITTKN l!S FOR PRICES ON The "Boss" One-Piece Section i:=i^g]^azzj Also D. T. Hives, !»iiii>i>iiig;-Cratcs and Oilier Supplies. We have completed a large addition to our Factory, which doubles our floor room; we are therefore in better shape than ever to fill orders on short notice. Send for Prlce-l4lst J. FORNCROOK, Watertown, Jeff. Co., Wis.. Jan. 1st, 1894. Mention the A.mcrlcan Bee Jourtwl. Barnes' Foot-Power Machinery. Read what J. I. Parent. of CHARLTON. N.Y.,Baya— "We cut with one of your Com- bined Machines, last winter 50 chaff hives with 7-ln. cap, 100 honey-raclis, 5iX) broad frames, u.uno honey-boxes and a ereat deal of other work. This winter we have double the amount of bee- hives, etc., to make and we expect to do it with this Saw. ItwilJ do all you say itwiU. Catalogue and Price - Liist Address.W.F. & JOHN BARNES, No. 995 Ruby St.. Rockford, 111. Mention the American Bee JotcnidU Free. 4SCtf The Adels-A New Strain of Bees Friends. I shall be prepared to fill orders for Adel and Italian Queens June 1. Try them Warranted, $1; Tested. $1.50; Select Tea., $2. 23C Joi$epU Erivaj"* Havana, N. Y. Mention Vie Americciu Bee JortAirmU, BKBESHIRE, Cheater WUte, Jersey Bed and Poland Chins FIGS. Jersey, Gaerneey and BolBtelQ Catll'e. Thoroughbred Sheep. Fancy Poaltry. Hunting and HoDse Dogs. Catalogue. Tllle* Cheater Co.. Penna. Mention the American Bee Journal. "THE MARKET GARDEN." A MONTHLY JOURNAL FOR MARKET GARDENERS AND TRUCKERS. 60 cents a Year. Sample Copy FREE. 30A2t THE MARKET GARDEN CO. MINNEAPOLIS. MINN. Mention the American Bee Journal ONE MAN WITH THE UNION ^°''i':>^^^'°^ Can do the worli of four men using: hand tools, in Kipping, Cuttlng-ofl, Mi- tring, Rabbeting, Groov- . inK. Gaining. Dadoing, ^,. Edging-up. Jointing Stuff. ■^^ etc. Full Line of Foot and Hand Power Machinery. Sold on Trial. Catalogue Free. MiNECA FAI.I.K IVIFG. CO., 46 Water St.. SENECA FALLS, N. T 2701-1 Mention the American Bee Journal. GOLDEN ITALIAN Queens by return mail from a breeder ob- tained of Doolittle. which he selected and tested out of 1000, for his own special use; he said this Queen Is a better one than the WORLD'S FAIR QUEEN which was valued at S50. 00. Also ITALIAN QUEENS from one of A. I. Hoot's very Ijcst imported breeders. Price of Queens — Ontested, ooc. ; 6 for $:!.00; 12 for ».5.50. Tested. $1.00 each; 6 for J5.00. No disease. Shall run 400 nu- clei. Ask for Free Circular, which may be worth dollars to you, if you buy Queens. Safe delivery and satisfaction will be guaranteed in each and every case. H. G. QUIRIN, 27D6t BELLEVUE. Huron Co., OHIO. Mention the American Bee Journal. I knew, that this would be a very poor sea- son for bees, and we would hear of colonies starving to death in the month of August. and that there would be a heavy loss of bees next winter, followed by a correspond- ing spring dwindling next spring. If the present indications continue, the case will be " even so, and more also," be- fore we get to where I drove my stake. Early in June all of my queens stopped laying (almost entirely), and I have not had a swarm this season. A divided colony, full of hatching brood, and some young larvEe, even refused to build a queen-cell. By the last of June my colonies were all depleting, and I had to feed some to save their lives, that hadn't a single cell of sealed honey in their hives. I will see them through, however, and stock them with young bees for winter, so I don't expect to lose any. Rev. A. R. Seaman. ConneUsville, Pa., July 4. liinden or Basswood Bloom. On page 36S is an item which I wish to criticise, as to the time it takes tor a linden or basswood tree to come into flower. Mr. E. R. Root says perhaps 20 years, that is. to yield honey. Now I am sure he has had practical experience, as he saw the planta- tion he speaks of grow up, but that is only in his district. Now I am sure he will not object if I tell him what the linden will do in the "wild and woolly West." In the winter of 1887 there were cut down several linden trees to open up a country road, but the road failed to be completed, and the re- sult was that it run into brush (as we say), and the stumps of the linden are surrounded by a growth of 7 or 8 feet high, and this growth is well covered with flower-buds at the present time. But that is rather un- usual in so short a time. I attribute it to last year's drouth. Then, again, I have under my charge some trees that were planted in 1889, which are now 3}^ inches in circumference 2 feet above the ground ; to-day tbey stand loaded with flower-buds, and will, from all appear- ance, yield nectar, I think; but I know here in Nebraska we have a rather dry sub- soil, which causes, in most trees, a stubby and 6rm growth, and such always induce fruitfulness. So if any beekeeper feels age advancing, and thinks he will never see any returns for his labor, I say take heart, and if you succeed in planting but a single tree, as it grows, and years roll by, I will venture the assertion that you will get a good deal of pleasure in seeing that tree develop itself. W. H. Morse. Florence, Nebr., June 16. (Jon-Tentlon Notices. The Kingbee Wasn't In It. A few weeks ago one of my bee-keeping friends received word that he was wanted at one of the neighbors to hive a swarm of bees, and, as they were not in the business, to bring a hive along with him. So, "armed and equipped as the law directs," he obeyed the summons. On reaching the place, be found " a state of things." The lady of the house had pur- chased a bushel of strawberries, and spread them on a table in the yard to dry. The bees in the neighborhood had " caught on " (in spite of Dr. Miller), and my friend "caught on," too, but did not "let on." Nevertheless, the bees were getting away with the berries amazingly lively. About this time a gentleman stepped up — (I need not tell you that he was an old- timer) — and took a look at the bees; and then, with an air of one who knows all about it. said: "The kingbee ain't there!" At this point my friend told those who had sent for him, that he could not hive the bees unless they clustered, and when they did this, to let him know, and he would come. But he hasn't been sent for the sec- ond time. SuBSCKiBER. New Jersey. California.— The next meeting of the Tu- lare County Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in Visalia, Aug. 14, 1895. All interested are invited. J. E. Young. Sec. Visalia. Calif. Texas.— The Texas State Bee-Keepers' As- sociation will meet at Greenville. Tex.. Aug. 21 and 22. 189.5. Good premiums are offered for best exhibits. All are invited to attend. Deport, Tex. W. H. White, Sec. Illinois. — The annual meeting of the Northern Illinois Bee-Keepers' Association will be held at the residence of O. Taylor, in Harlem, 111., on Tuesday, Aug. '20, 1895. All are cordially Invited. B. Kennedy, Sec. New Milford, 111. Tennessee.— The next annual meeting of the East Tennessee Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion will be held at Mulberry Gap, Tenn., on August 16, 1895, The members are urged to attend and all bee-keepers are invited to be present. H. F Coleman, Sec. Sneedville, Tenn, Kansas.— There will be a meeting of the Southeastern Kansas Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion in Fort Scott. Kans.. on Sept. 19, 1895. All are cordially invited to come and have a good time. There will be a full program. Bronson. Kans. J. C. Balch. Sec. Wisconsin.— The Southwestern Wisconsin Bee-Keepers' Association will hold its next meeting at Platteville, Wis.. Oct. 8 and 9, 1895. "Come, every one." Don't get dis- couraged if we haven't got a crop of honey. We will have a good time at Platteville. just the same. Bring your wives and daughters with you. Many interesting subjects will be discussed. M. M. Rice. Sec. Boscobel. Wis. North American Bee-Keepers' Association Bee-Keeper's Guide— see page 496. OFFICERS FOR 1895. Pres.— R. F. Holtermann Brantford. Ont Vice-Pres.— L. D. Stiison York, Nebr Secretary.— W. Z. Hutchinson. . .Flint, Mich. Treasurer.— J. T. Calvert Medina, Ohio. ITatlonal Bee-Keepers' 'Dulou. PREbiDBNT— Hon. R. L. Taylor. .Lapeer, Mich. Gen'l Manager— T. G. Newman, Chicago, 111. 147 South Western Avenue. Wants or Excliaiiges. This department is only for .vour •' Wants" or bona-flde " Exchanges," and such will be inserted here at 10 cents a line for each time, when specially ordered into this depart- ment. Exclianges lor cash or for price-lists, or notices offering articles for sale, will not be inserted here— such belong in the regular advertising columns, at regular rates. TO EXCHANGE— Lossing's "Civil War in America" (3 vols.), for Honey. Address. J. C. York, Alliance. Ohio. 5 DO f YOU 4 WASH DISHES?! No need of it. Thu Faoltlesa ,uaker wiJI do it for you and t.ave time, haiids.diehes, money, ' and patience;no Bcalded hands, broken or chip- ped dishes, no muss. Washes, inces dries and olishes quickly. Made of best ma- terial, lasts a life- I time. Sellateight. Atieiits. womenor men of honor de- .- siring employ- "mentmayhavea ^ — m ~r~iri^^-' ■ payinc business P by writing now V for descrijitivu circulars and terms to agents, ^The QUAKER NOVELTY CO., Salem, 0. Mention Uie American Bee JowniaU 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 499 QUEENS ! Now ready by return mail, reared in full col- onies from the best honey-gathering strains in America, at the following very low prices: Tested each $1.50 per Vi dozen 8.00 Warranted purely-mated each .75 " per !4 dozen 4.25 •' perdozen 8.00 If you want Queens for bukluess, get my old reliable strain. 40-p. descriptive Catalog Free. W. W. CARV, Colralii, Iflass. 27Atf Mtiition the Awerican Bee Journal. i ■ t n 1. ■- . • ■ ■ t • ■ ■ f , ^ , — , — 1 — — — .; i:: s == 7=Z ■z^ = y „ - :' 1^ fe S ear S Ex3 m m ¥% y ■irti k'S^i j^ ^1 L^ h There Must Be Something In It remarked a frisky youn^ horse as he picked himself up after a brief argument with our COILED SPRING FENCE. Every investi- gator L'omes to the same conclusion and ad- mits the truth of our claim for Elasticity. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich. ^entifm Vie American Bee Jour'iw.l^ Select Tested Italian dueens Friends. I will have 200 Select Tested Queens for sale Sept. 1. at M.OO each or $10.00 per dozen. Untested, 50 cents each, or $5.00 per dozen. Tested Queens 75 cents each, or $6.00 per dozen, either Golden Italians or Imported stock at same price. Safe arrival and satis- faction guaranteed. Address. F. A. CROWELL, 31Atf GRANGER. MINN. WeJition the Amerl/ian Bee Jowmai Woodcliff Queens. I will send a Guaranteed 5-Banded Yellow Queen, bred from a Breeder selected from 1000 Queens (some producing over 400 lbs. of honey to the colony); or a 3-Banded Italian Leather-Colored Queen direct from a Breeder Imported from Italy. Oct. '94— at 75c., and a special low price for a quantity. My secret is to sell an extra-large amount, which enables me to sell at low prices. Will run this spring 350 Nuclei— have 1 home and 4 out apiaries. No Queens superior to my Strain. ^S~ Send for Descriptive Catalogue and Testimonials, to Wm. a. Selser, Wyncote, Pa. Mention the A.rncri/:an Bbq Journal, COMB FOUNDATION. Wholesale and Retail. Quality always the best. Price always lowest. Working; Wax Into Foundation by the lb. a Specialty. I can make it an object for you in any quantity, but olfer special Induce- ments on straight 25 or 50 lb. lots. Or for making large lot of Wax into Foundation. I am furnishing large Dealers, and can also please you. Beeswax taken at all times. Write for Samples and Prices, to GUS DIXTKIER, AUGUSTA. WIS. Reference— Augusta Bank. 16Atf WHEN ANSWERING THIS AOVEHTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAL. AND LUNG DISEASES, DR. PEIRO, Specialist Offices: 1019, 100 State St., CHICAOO. Hours 9 to 4. Queens and Inclei ! Untested Italian Queens, by return mall, 75c: Tested. $1.00; Select Tested, $1.50. Nuclei, by express— per Frame. 7ac. Address, C. E. mEAD, 87 Artesian Ave., Station D. Chicago, III. Question;) -Box^ In the multitude of counsellors there is safety.— Prov. 11-14. Winterinjir Bees on § Fraiiie§ of Honey. Query 982.— 1. Will a colony winter well on 8 frames if the 8 frames are filled with honey with no empty cells ? 2. It empty cells are desirable, what pro- portion of the 8 combs should be empty, and where should the empty cells he located ?— Vt- Prof. A. J. Cook— 1. Yes. 2. The center cells are the empty ones, in gen- eral. Rev. E. T. Abbott— 2. I prefer some empty cells in the center frames, at the bottom. H. D. Cutting— 1. I don't know. 2. With present knowledge, I prefer about )4 of each. B. Taylor— 1. I do not know. I never tried it. 2. One-third, in the center of the brood-nest. Chas. Dadant & Son — 1 and 2. No, the combs should be at least half empty, at the lower part. W. R. Graham— 1. I think not. 2. About the amount of one frame, and that in the center. Mrs. L. Harrison— 1. I think they would, and consume honey fast enough, to have empty cells. Dr. J. P. H. Brown — 1. In my latitude they would. 2. The empty cells should be near the bottom of the combs. R. L. Taylor— 1. I would not like to risk it out-doors in this latitude (Michi- gan). 2. Prom Jg' to }^. The lower front center. C. H. Dibbern — 1. I prefer empty comb equal to about two frames. 2. Empty cells should be located near the center of the hive. P. H. Elwood— 1 and 2. Yes, if the frames are filled early in the fall, the bees will empty enough cells before se- vere weather comes. Rev. M. Mahin— 1. No ! 2. That will depend upon the size of the colony. There should be enough empty comb for the bees to cluster in. G. M. Doolittle — 1. I prefer some empty cells at the center of the bot- tom of combs. 2. To the amount of one frame in the center at the bottom. Wm. M. Barnum- 1. Yes. 2. The empty cell is generally present to a greater or less extent, but I have never considered it particularly desirable. W. 6. Larrabee — 1 and 2. — I never tried to winter a colony on 8 frames of solid honey, but I should prefer to have about '4 of the cells empty, and those in or near the cluster. Dr. C. C. Miller— 1. I don't know, but think they would do pretty well. 2. I don't believe I'd care for more than the amount of one comb, and I'd want that at the lower part of three central combs. Allen Pringle — 1. That depends. If they have a 2-inch rim under the hive and a smaller space above the frames, and are in a repository of 40^ to 45'^, they will be all right so far as wintering is concerned ; but if these conditions are not present, they will probably be all wrong. I do not believe in having the whole of the frames perfectly full, for more than one reason. 2. The empty cells should be in the center towards the bottom, and be about }4 of the whole space. E. France— 1 and 2. Not out-of-doors. I winter bees out-of-doors on 8 full Langstroth combs, with 8 more below the honey, part full or empty. The feed should be on top ; the empty combs be- low the honey. J. E. Pond— 1. Yes, they have so done with myself. 2. I don't know that any empty cells are desirable, but they should be on the out sides of the brood- chamber, if used at all, and a free pas- sage over the tops of the frames should be given. Eugene Secor— 1. I don't understand the purport of this question. An un- natural condition is described. There are always empty cells in a normal col- ony in the fall. And bees do winter well in just such a hive. 2. I never pay any attention to such matters. Jas. A. Stone— 1. Yes, they will soon empty some of the cells. The condition spoken of is almost impossible, unless by feeding, as the honey-flow does not often end with a severe cold snap, and then the bees empty cells enough— if that is desirable. 2. I do not know. I want to see what the others say. G. W. Demaree— 1 and 2. A hive solid full of sealed honey right at the time hard winter sets in, would be a dangerous condition of things for the bees. Naturally, such a state of affairs would never occur in my apiary, as the last " hatch " of brood is sure to have more or less open cells in the center combs. Mrs. .T. N. Heater — 1. Yes, sir. 2. No empty cells will be needed until spring. If you have an early honey-flow, as from basswood or clover, provide the queen with room by inserting at least two empty combs in the center of the brood-chamber. But if you have to de- pend upon a fall flow, leave all the honey in the hive. GOLDEN QUEENS From Texas. Wg.iB.'S' as well as tor Beauty and Gentleness. ^?~ Safe arrival and reasonable satisfac- tion guaranteed. Write for Price-List. Untested, 75c—^Va^^antea, ^X. J. D. GIVENS, "^^P^'TEx. 10A26 Mr.ntinn the American Bee Journal. Globe Bee V'eil By mail for One Dollar. Five cross-bara are rlvlted In the 'centre at the top. These bend down f and button to studs on a neck-band. .The bars are best li^ht spring steel. • The neck-band Is hard spring brass. The netting Is white with face-ptece of blaclrto see threugh. s It Is easily put together and folda Icorapactly in a case, 1x6x7 inches, ■—the whole weighing but 5 ounces. It can be worn over an ordinary hat; fits any head; does udtubstruct the vision, and can be worn In bed without discomfort. It Is a boon to any one whom files bother, mosqultos bite, or bees sting. Nets, 50 cts« eacli. ^^ This Veil we club with the Bee Journal for one year— both for $1.75; or give free as a Premium for sending us 3 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at 81.00 each. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., - CHICAGO, ILLS. 500 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 1, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! It is alwiiys economy to buy the best, espe- cially when the best cost no more than somethiniB: not ball" so good. OUR FAL- CON SECTIONS are acknowledged to be superior to any on the market. The same Is also true of our HIVES and BEE- KEKPEKS" SUPPLIES, of which we make all modern styles. OUR PRICES will be found as low as those of any of our competitors, and in many cases low- er, and you are always sure of getting flrst-clHSS goods. We also publish THE AMERICAN liEE-KEEPER, a monthly magazine (Fifth year) at 50c. a year, in- valuable to beginners. Large illustrated catalogue and price-list free. Address, THE W.T. FALCONER MFG. CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. ^r- W. m. fterrlsh. of East NoUins:. bam, N. H.. is our Eastern agent. New England customers may save freight by pur- chasing of him. What's the Use of Keepins: Bees If you do not sell the honey? That's what we are here for. Get our high prices before sell- ing. C. R. HORRIE &, CO., Commission Merchants, 224 Soutli Water St., Chicago, III. ileference— First National Bank. 34A13 Mention the American Bee Jouniai, I AEISE fro SAY to the readers M. of the BEE JOURNAL that DOOIiiXTl^E has concluded to sell -BEES and QUEEN8- In their season, durlni. FDLL-IINE-OF-SUPPLIES. I. J. STRIKOHAm, 105 Park Place. NEW YOEK, N. T Mention the American Bee Journal. PATENT WIRED COMB FOUUDATIOB Has No Sag in Brood-Framet) Thill Flat-Kottom FouiidatioD Has Ko Fistihoue in the Sorplos Honey. Being tbe cleanest Is usually worked tbe quickest of any Foundation made jr. VAN DEUSEIV & SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Sprout Brook Montgomery Co., N. Y, Hill Bee-Feeders. We have a few of the Hill Bee-Feeders on hand, which we mail, prepaid, 2 lor 40c. Or 13 bv express for $1.50 —6 for 80c. We will send 2 postpaid with the Bee Journal for a year, for $1.25, or give two Feeders as a Premium lor sending- us One New Sub- scriber to the Bee Journal, with $1.00. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. Your Beeswax Excliaiised UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE, we will allow 30 cents per pound for Good Yel- low Beeswax, delivered at our olfice— in ex- olianse for Subscript ion to the Bee Journal. for Books, or anything' that ■%ve offer for sale in the Bee Joijrnal. In thus exchanging', we cannot afford to allow any Club Rate prices. Always ship the Wax by Express, and pre-, pay the charges; also put your name and address on the package to avoid mistakes. GEORGE W. \ORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. You may be able to jiet Supplies at But how does the w B^" Why not earn some of the books offered on page 511 of this number of the Bee Journal ? Look at the offer. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 509 /Vnpot^g \)r)c Bee-Papers Gleaned by Dr. filler. FOUL BROOD FROM BUYING COMBS. Gleanings mentions a case in which a man got foul brood in his apiary by buying brood-combs from an infected apiary. Can't be too careful. KEEPING DOWN GRASS IN FRONT OF HIVES. Is there a more disagreeable job connected with apiculture than keeping clear the front door yards of our little workers? I once covered a yard to the depth of three or four inches with sawdust, and congratulated myself as being master of the situ- ation until after being called at about three o'clock one morn- ing and combating with the fire fiend for hours. Well, I changed my mind — in short, concluded it wasn't just the thing. — Somnambulist, in Progressive. I remember A. I. Root had the same trouble years ago. Salt keeps down growth in front of hives, but I think I like best an old board, such as the side of a superannuated hive. HIVES FOB WINTERING. It is a generally conceded fact that bees will stand almost any degree of cold if well provisioned and kept dry. Reason- ing thus, I put half my colonies In the dovetailed hives in 1893, and the only preparations I made was to see that they had plenty of honey, and put two empty supers or one empty hive-body on top and an extra heavy cushion of chaff on the top of the frames, leaving the outer walls of single thickness entirely unprotected After trying this experiment in the winter of 181t3, I was perfectly satisfied with it, and last win- ter I worked it on all my hives and must say that my winter- ing by this plan has been perfect ; and when I say " perfect," § mean that 100 per cent, of my colonies came through the winter bright, healthy and strong, and ready for business.— Ed. Jolley, in American Bee-Keeper. The above is in accord with the practice of C. P. Muth, who gives no protection to the sides of his hives, but gives a good covering on top. KEEPING honeys SEPARATE. When the comb is capped in part and the remainder of the cells glisten as you look at the surface of the honey, you can consider it ready to extract. The inferior honey should be kept from a better quality, and even at the risk of having the inferior a little unripe we should keep them separate. By holding capped combs up to the light, patches of light may be distinguished from the dark, and by uncapping first one and then the other, the two can be kept separate even after it is stored together in the comb. — Canadian Bee Journal. THE NORTH AMERICAN CONVENTION. Says President Holtermann in Canadian Bee Journal: "Everywhere the prospects are exceedingly bright for the North American Bee-Keepers' Convention, which is to meet at Toronto during the time of the Toronto Exhibition, Sept. i, 5 and 6. Between the efforts of the able and hard-working Secretary of the Toronto Industrial Exhibition, Mr. H. J. Hill, and the efforts of the many bee-keepers and those having a sturdy influence in particular, the reduced railroad rates will cover a greater amount of territory than expected. A half- fare railroad rate will prevail from any part of Michigan to Toronto, and later we shall doubtless be able to announce many more reductions. We only require a fairly good honey season to have the largest attendance of members the North American has ever had. If you have any question you should like discussed at the Toronto convention, send it to the Secre- tary, W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich., or to the president, R. P. Holtermann, Brantford, Ont. SPEAKING UNKIND WORDS. Somnambulist comments thus in the Progressive Bee- Keeper: "In June 20th American Bee Journal we find this editorial assertion: 'I am quite sure that it is always best to shut down on any and every discussion when it clearly appears that there is to follow more disrespectful personal characterizations than legitimate argument.' " "Correct! Nothing is ever gained by letting out our disa- greeable thoughts and feelings. 'Given an inch, they will de- mand an ell,' every time, and before we know it, we are saying all manner of disagreeable things which really we do not mean, and we have stirred up in the one on whom we have vented our spleen, either wholesome contempt for our lack of self- control, or a spirit of anger and resentment which only recoils on us like a boomerang. To acquire steady control, it requires persistent patience, but in the mere trying there is gained strength. In the indulgence of an unruly temper there is everything to be lost, and everything to be gained through the control of the same." RENEWING QUEENS IN THE FALL. Jacob Alpaugh says in Canadian Bee Journal: "I go around just after the honey harvest is over, and hunt up all the colonies containing old queens, or colonies that did not winter well or do but little for me through the season. All such queens I kill as soon as I can after the flow, before the drones are all destroyed; I just let those hives start and rear cells: about eight days after I go through and destroy all cells where I do not wish any queens reared. Then I go to some hive where I killed an old queen that had previously done well, and take out cells and distribute them in the other hiyes where I had destroyed all cells. They will all accept them and in a few days will all have young queens and from good stock. Such queens are almost sure to do well for one season, providing they are properly wintered. If I wish to change the blood in a few of my colonies, I would send to some reliable dealer and get queens, and have them ready to put right in when the other ones were killed. My experience in supersed- ing in this way, and at the above time, is this: It prevents the colonies from using up a lot of stores, in rearing young bees only to die off and help to clog up the entrance in the winter. Where there is a fall flow it would probably be better to have young laying queens to replace the old ones. SOME "STRAY STRAWS" FROM GLEANINGS. For numbering hives, is there anything better than mova- ble tin tags? If not, what can I buy the numbers for? [Tag- board manilla, 50 cents per 100. — Ed.] White clover sometimes blooms late, making a second spur as a kind of afterthought. But I never knew this late bloom to be used by the bees; whereas, they seem to work busily on the latest bloom of sweet clover. Alfalfa looks almost exactly like sweet clover, unless I've' been fooled as to what alfalfa Is. Why has no one ever told us this? But when alfalfa blooms, the blossom is purple, and the seed-pod looks a little like a snail. I don't care for color or bands on the outside of bees, only so they have the good working qualities inside. But the out- side marks help me to judge something of the Inside qualities. [But do you think lots of yellow is an indication of longevity and energy?^Ed.] Cement-coated nails are among the new things, and I didn't think I'd like them better than rusted nails; but I've been using them, and like them very much. The advantage of being able to use lighter nails with the same holding power Is not a small one. W. W. Woodley complains in British Bee Journal of foun- dation in center sections left untouched when others are sealed. He thinks it may be that wax sheets were too thick, and pressed when too cold, making the foundation too hard for bees to work — a hint to foundation-makers. More supersedures are observed with clipped queens than with whole wings, perhaps two to one; for the man who has his queens clipped observes every case of supersedure, and the others are not noticed one time in five. But the queens with whole wings are superseded all tiie same. [We never clip, but our queens get "superseded all the same." — Ed.] How thick is worker-comb? On p. 525 Heddon calls it 13-16; Cowan says "about %;" Dadant's Langstroth "about 1 inch," and Prof. Cook wisely says it varies. 1 think new comb will be found K thick, (is it ever less?) increasing in thickness with years of brood-rearing till it reaches one inch or more. The increased thickness is all in the septum, the depths of the cells being always the same. [Seven-eighths of an inch is a fair average for breeding combs not over five years. I have measured scores of brood-combs from different hives, and have found them to register almost exactly %.— Ed.] Honey as Food an«1 Medicine.— A new and revised edition of this 32-page pamphlet is now issued. It has 5 blank pages on which to write or paste recipes taken from other sources. It is just what its name indicates, and should be liberally dis- tributed among the people everywhere to create a demand for honey. It contains a number o£ recipes on the use of honey as food and as medicine, besides much other interesting and valuable information. Prices, postpaid, are : Single copy, .5 cts. ; 10 copies 35 cts. ; 50 for $1..50 ; 100 for *3.50. Better give them a trial. Send all orders to the Bee Journal office. 510 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 8, Cajpadiat;) Beedon;^ Dead Brood Tlial Died of Starvation. On page 457, I read a short Item from J. M., describing a kind of dead brood ho found in one of his colonies, and asl\ed Dr. Miller if it is a case of foul brood. Dr. Miller replied that he didnt think it was, and asks "What does Mr. McEvoy think of it ?" You are right, Dr. Miller ; it is not a case of foul brood. It is what I call a (jenuine case of starved brood. The owner may say that McEvoy is surely very much mistaken about it being a case of starved brood, on account its being found in a colony that had plenty of honey. Now, to explain this, I will have to travel over a line that no man ever took before. Many years, ago, when I found any dead brood in a hive of bees, the first thought that came to my mind was to find out the cause of death, and how to prevent it. By a close ex- amination of the condition of things in the brood-chambers, after the sudden shutting off of honey-flows, and watching the effects of feeding bees at such times, or uncapping the sealed honey in the colonies so as to keep the bees well supplied with plenty of unsealed stores to feed the larvse well, just the same as they always do when they are gathering and storing honey very fast — I soon discovered that brood often dies of starva- tion when the honey-flows are badly checked in the breeding season by frosts, very dry weather, or many days of rain. When these checks take place, the bees soon use up the un- sealed stores, and then they won't uncap the sealed honey fast enough to keep pace with the amount of brood that requires feeding just then ; and then the result will be some starved brood, here and there, right in some of the strongest, as well as in the very weakest, colonies. Some of the starved brood will be found on its back, and turned up a little in cells ready to cap or seal ; in some of the capped cells a small pin-hole will be found in the capping of an odd cell where there is much of the brood starved. The starved brood in some cells will be ichlte at first, and sunken down in a shapeless mass, and many of the small larvae won't have a particle of food, and will look like little, shrivelled-up worms in their cells. When the colonies have plenty of unsealed stores, the brood will always be found plump and very fat, and the most of the small larvas will be almost floating in food. The very dry season that we have had has dried everything up so that the bees cannot get enough honey in many parts of Ontario to feed the brood rightly. Many samples of combs with dead brood in them have been mailed to me this summer, with a request from the senders for me to answer at once what it was, after I had ex- amined it. In several cases the samples were starved brood, and the others were pure foul brood. I found one large api- ary with nearly all the brood in every colony a mass of de- cayed matter. This apiary had gotten into a very unhealthy condition, through using old combs with a lot of dead brood n, and the amount of starved brood that was left in the combs to decay after it died. One of these colonies had the genuine article — pure foul brood — it would stretch over one nch when pulled out of the cells. I ordered all the combs to be removed in the evening, and either burned at once or made nto wax, and full sheets of foundation to be given in every case except the one that was foul, which was to be given comb foundation starters for four days, and then removed the fourth evening after for full sheets of foundation, and all to be fed while the bees were working out the foundation, as the bees were getting but little honey then. Where the colonies have not much starved brood in them, I would remove such combs out of the brood-chambers so they could not be used for rearing brood in, and would place them above the queen-excluders, and then fill up the brood-cham- bers with good, clean combs. But where the old combs have much decayed brood in them, I would " draw the line right there," and make wax of them at once. "Is it foul brood ?" This is a question that J. F. L. asks Dr. Miller (also on page 457) after he describes a kind of dead brood that he has. The Doctor replied that he would fear the worst, and so would I, if J. F. L. has dead brood going into a real brown corruption. Every person who keeps bees should have Dr. Howard's book on " Foul Brood." It's the best book on the subject ever published. Wm. McEvot. Woodburn, Ont., July 23. [Dr. Howard's book can be had at the Bee Journal office for 25 cents: or clubbed with the Bee Journal for a year — both together for $1.10. — Editor.] ma}" Have to Feed — Wintering Bees. The honey crop is a total failure here this season, and un- less something unexpected turns up I will have to feed the bees, or else let them starve ; but I don't intend to let them starve, neither will I use the sulphur pit, as I saw recom- mended recently. But I will feed them, because they have been good, faithful servants of mine, and I expect in the near future (as I have in the past) to reap a rich reward for all the trouble and expense that I may be put to. OLD BEES PREFERRED FOR WINTERING. I would just like to say to B. Taylor, that last season my queens ceased laying in July, and by the middle of August I don't think that there were more than 20 colonies that had any brood. I put 76 into winter quarters, and tool; 76 out alive, and all in good condition except S or 10, some of these latter having kept up brood-rearing late in the fall. The bees that should have come through the winter all right wore themselves out taking care of the baby bees, therefore they died a premature death, and left the colony weak in numbers. This is the second time that I have wintered bees under the same conditions, and in both cases they came out in good condition. In fact, my bees came out in better condition last spring, and I had less spring dwindling than I ever had be- fore, and I give tlie bees with age on them the credit. A child can't stand the cold as well as an older person ; a young ani- mal won't winter as well as an older one ; and I would rather have bees with age on them to winter, than to have them ex- pend their energy in brood-rearing, and then die before the winter is half over. If I am right, as Dr. Miller says, stick a pin there. W. Sherington. Riverside, Ont., July 24. Liberal Book Premiutus are offered on page 511, for the work of getting new subscribers to the Bee Jour- nal. It is a fine chance to get a complete apicultural library. Think of it — 50 cents' worth of books given to the one send- ing a new subscriber! Remember, please, that only present subscribers to the Bee Journal can take advantage of that offer. The publishers of the Bee Journal believe in making it an object for the old subscribers to push for new readers among their neighbors and friends, hence the generous pre- lum offers to them. It is hoped that all may begin now to work. Sample copies of the Bee Journal free. Xliat I^cM' Song' — "Queenie Jeanette" — which is being sung everywhere, we can send you for 40 cents, postpaid, or club it with the American Bee Journal for one year — both for only $1.10, Or, send us one new subscriber for a year (with -^l.OO), and we will mail you a copy of the song free. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 511 A Big Offer to Present Subscribers Only ! 50 cts. Worth of Books Free! Read On! We will give to any present regular subscriber to the Bee Journal, 50 cents' worth of the books described below for each new subscriber sent us for a year at $1.00. Send on the new sub- scribers and select the books you want. This is an easy way to get some good books. No premium will also be given to the new subscriber. Now, everybody hustle up ! BEE-BOOKS SEXT POSTPAID BV G-eor2:e W. York & Co., Chicago, Ills. Bees anil Honey, or MaDagement of an Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, bv Thoiuus G.Newman.— This edition has been largely re-wrltteu. thoroughly revised, and Is " fully up with the times " lu nil the Improvements aud luventioTis iu this rapidly-devel- oping pursuit, aud presents thu apiarist with everything that can aid in the successful manage- ment of an apiary, aud at the same time produce the most hutiey In an attractive condition. It con- tains 250 pages, and 245 Illustrations— is beautifully printed In the hlglieststvle of the art, and bound In cloth, gold-lettered. Price. $1.U0. I«anestroth on the Honey-Bee, revised by Dadaut— This classic In bee-culture, has been entirely re- written, and la fully Illustrated. It treats of everything relating to bees and bee-keep- ing. No apiarian library Is comidete without this standard woik by Kev. L. L. Langstroth —the Father of American Bee-Culture. It has 520 pages; bound lu cloth. Price, $1.40. Bee-K.eeper8* Onlde, or Manual of the Apiary, by Prof A. J. Cook, of the Michigan Agri- cultural College.— This book Is not only Instructive and helpful as a guide In beu-keeplng. but Is Interesting and thoroughly practical and sclentlflc. Itcontains a full delineation of the anatomy and physiology of bees. 4H0 pages ; bound In cloth and fully Illustrated. Price, Sclentlflc Queen-Rearing, as Practically Applied, by G. il. Doolittle.— A method by which the very best of (.>ueen-Bees are reared in perfect accord witli Nature's way. ITfi pages, bound In cloth, and Illustrated. Price, $1.00. A B C or Bee-Culture, by A. I. Root.— A cyclop;pdla of 4U0 pages, describing everything pertaining to the care of the honey-bees. It con- tains 8UU engravings. It was written especially for beginners Bound in cloth. Price, $1.25. Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.— Tlie author of tills work is too well known to need further description of his hook. lie Is a practical and entertaining writer. Vou should read liis book. 90 pages, bound in paper, aud illustrated. Price, 50 cts- Rational Bee-Keepins:, by Dr. .John Dzlerzou — This is a translation of his latest German book on bee-cultnre. It has 350 pages: bound in cloth; $1.25; In paper covers, $1.00 Bienen-Kultnr, by Thomas G. Newtnan.— This is a German translation of the prlnclpf^ por- tion of the book called Bees of Uoxey. 10^ page pamphlet. Price, 40 cents. Convention Hand-Book, for Bee-Keepers. Thomas G. Newman. — It contains tlie parliamen- tary law and rules of order for Bee-Conventions— also Constitution and By-Laws, with subjects for discussion, etc. Cloth, gold-lettered. Price, 25 cts. Aiiiei*ikani)«>elie Bieiieiizuolit^ by Hans Busclibauer.— Printed in German. A hand-book on bee-keeping, giving the methods in use by the best American and German apiarists. Illustrated; 138 pages. Price. $1.00. Tliirty Years Among tlie Bees, by Henry Alley.— Gives the results of over a quarter- century's experience in rearing queen-bees. Very latestworkof thekind. Nearly loijpages. Price, 50c. Dr. Howard-s Book on Foul Brood. —Gives the McEvoy Treatment and reviews the ex- periments of others. Price, 25 cts. Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R. Cheshire.- Its Cause and Prevention. Price, 10 CIS. Foul Brood, by A, R. Kohnke.— Origin. Development and Cure. Price, 25 cts. Honey as Food and Medicine, by T. G. Newman.— A 32-page pamphlet : just the thing to create a demand tor honey at home. Should be scattered freely. Contains recipes for Honey-Cakes, Cookies, Puddings, Foam, Wines, and uses of honey for medicine. Prices, prepaid— Single copy, 5 cts.; 10 copies, 35 cts.; 5iHor$l..'>0: HH)for $2.50; 250 for $5.50; 5tX) for$lo,0(j; or 1000 for $15.00. When 250 or more are ordered, we will print the bee-keeper's card I free of cost) on the front cover page. Emerson Binders, made especially for the Bee JotTRXAL. are convenient for preserving each number as fast as received. Not mailable to Canada. Price, 75 cts. Preparation of Honey for the Market, Including the production and care of comb and extracted honey. A ciiapter from Bees and HoXEV. Price, 10 cents. Bee-Pasturaee a Neeesalty.— This book sug gests what and how to ijlau It is a chapter fron BEES AXU iloxEV. Price. 10 cents. Swarming, Dividing: and Feeding:.— Hints to beginners In apiculture. A chapter from Be£9 AXD HoxEV. Price, 5 cents. Bees In Winter, ChafT-Packlng. Bee Houses and Cellars. This Is a chapter from Bees AND 'HoNEV. Price. 5 cents. The Rive I T'se, by G. M. Doolittle. It details his management of bees, and methods of producing comb honey. Price, 5 cents. Commercial Calculator, by C. Ropp.— A ready Calculator. Business Arithmetic and Ac- count-Book combined in one. Every farmer and businessman should have it. No. 1, bound in water proof leatherette, calf finish. Price, 40 cts. No. 2 in tine artiflcialleather, with pocket, silicate slate, and account-book. Price, 60 cts. Green's Six Books on Frnit-Culture, by Chas. A. Green.— Devoted 1st, to Apple and Pear Culture; 2nd, Plum and Cherry Culture; 3rd, Rasp- berry and Blackberrv Culture; 4th, Grape Culture; 5th, Strawberry Culture. 129 pp.; illustrated. S.j cts. Garden and Orchard, by Cbas. A. Green. —Gives full instructions in Thinning and Marketing Fruits; Pruning, Planting' and Cultivating; Spray- ing, Evaporation. Cold tjtorage. Etc. 94 pages, illus- trated. Price, 25 cts. Capons aud Caponizlnjs;, by Dr. Sawyer, Fanny Field, and others.— Illustrated. All about caponizing fowls, and thus how to make the most money in poultry-raising. 64 pages. Price, 30 cts. IIoYT to Propagate and Grow Fruit, bv Chas. A.Green.— Brief instructions in budding, grafting and layermg: also propagation of fruit trees, vines and plants. 72 pages. Price 25 cts Ho«r We Made tlie Old Farm Pay, by Chas. A. Green,— Gives his personal experience on a fruit tarm which he made yield a generous for- tune. 64 pages ; illustrated. Price, 25 cts. Our Poultry Doctor, or Health in the Poultry Yard and How to Cure Sick Fowls, by Fanny Field,— Everything about Poultry Diseases and their Cure. 64 pages. Price. 30 cts. Poultry for Market and Poultry for Profit, by Fanny Field.— Tells everything about the Poultry Business. 64 pages. Price, 25 cts. Turkeys for Market and Turkeys for Profit, by Fanny Field.— All about Turkey-Raising. 64 pages. Price, 23 cts. Book Clubbing OITers. The followiDg clubbing prices include the American Bee Journal one year with each book named. Remember, that only OSE book can be taken in each case with the Bee Jour- nal a year at the prices named. If more books are wanted, see postpaid prices given with the description (.f the books on this page. Following Is the clubbing-list: 1. Langstrothon the Honey-Bee $2.10 2. A B C of Bee-Culture 2.00 3. Bee-Keeper's Guide 1.75 4. Bees and Honey [Cloth bound] 1.65 5. ScientiflcQueen-Kearlng 1.65 6. Dr. Howard's Foul Brood Book 1.10 7. Advanced Bee-Culture 1.30 8. Amerikanische Bienenzucht [Germ.] 1.75 9. Blenen-KuUur [tierman] 1.25 10. Kational Bee-Keeping [Uloth bound] 2.00 11. Kational Bee-Kceping[Papertoundl 1.75 12. Thirty Tears Among- the Bees 1.30 13. Bee-keeping for I'roilt .. 1.15 14. Convention Iland-Book 1,15 15. Poultry for Market and Profit 1.10 16. Turkeys for Market and Profit 1.10 17. Capons and Caponizing 1.10 18. Our Poultry Doctor 1.10 19. How We Made the Old Farm Pay 1.15 20. Green's Six Books on Fruit-Culture.. 1.15 21. Garden and Orchard 1.15 22. How to Propagate and Grow Fruit. . . 1.15 23. KuralLife 1.10 24. Emerson Binder for the Bee Journal. 1.60 25. Commercial Calculator. No. 1., 1.25 26. Commercial Calculator, No. 2 1.40 Qci;)Gral Iten;)s^ Gathering Lots of Honey. The bees are doing well at this time, gathering lots of honey, but it is very dark ; it is very thick and good— so thick I caBnot extract to do any good, as the extractor will not throw it out, and it will not go through the strainer at all. Mrs. a. a. Simpson. S warts, Pa., July '30. Short Crop— The Cut- Worm. We ought to get a good price for honey this season, judging from Eastern reports, and short crop in this section. The army or cut worm did sad havoc with the sages near the Coast, by eating the blossom-buds, and eating into and cutting off the blossom stems. M. H. IVIesdleson. Ventura. Calif.. July Vi. Bees are Booming. Bees are doing well this year. The alfalfa is furnishing more nectar this season than it has for tour years. My bees started In the sections earlier this year than ever be- fore. I have had 36 swarms so far. I have T8 colonies, and they are filling the air with music. It has been raining and cloudy for three days, so they cannot go to the field. There is about 125 acres of alfalfa left for seed within reach of my bees this season. C. C. ZiNN. New Windsor, Colo., July 12. Cured by Changing ftueens. On page 450 Mr. D. B. Weber said his col- onies were all sick. Well, my colonies had the same thing two years ago. * I was afraid it was foul brood, so I gave all such colo- nies sheets of foundation, and new hives and frames, but that did not stop it, so I killed the queens, and gave them young ones, and they cleaned house in no time, and are all right yet. A man 11 miles from my place had one colony that had the brood die the same say, in 1894. I told him to kill the old queen and give them a cell or a young queen. He did so, and he left the old combs in the hive ; they cleaned house the same as mine, and are all right. Golden Gate, Minn. Otto Baxker. "Good Time Coming" is Here. The unexpected has happened again. The '•good time coming " is here— partly. In- stead of having to buy sugar for the bees, I shall have honey to sell, and I shall not have to eat any sorghum molasses unless I want to. The copious rains which fell about the middle of June, brought out a good deal of white clover later in the month, and we had clover and basswood bloom here all in a heap. For the last three weeks every bee in the yard has been quiv- ering with excitement, and I have been so busy that anybody visiting me now would find '■ weeds and things" enough around to " mark the locality." Twelve colonies that have swarmed have given me 24 swarms, and they do not seem 512 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 8, Biggest Premium We Ever Offered ! THE BEE-KEEPER'S GUIDE -OK- MANUAL OF THE APIARY. BY PROF. A. J. COOK. This 15th and latest edition of Prof. Cook's magnificent book of 460 pages, in neat and substantial cloth binding, we propose to give away to our present sub- scribers, for the work of getting new subscribers for the American Bee Journal. A description of the book here is quite unnecessary — it is simply the most corn- complete scientific and practical bee-book published to-day. Fully illustrated, and all written in the most fascinating style. The author is also too well-known to the whole bee-world to require any introduction. No bee-keeper is fully equipped, or his library complete, without "The Bee-Keeper's Guide." HERE IS OUR GRAND OFFER: Send us Two New Subscribers to the Bee Journal (with $2.00), and we will mail YOU a copy of Prof. Cook's book free as a premium. No premium is also giv- en to the new subscribers, under this offer. The postpaid price of the book alone is §1.25, or we club it with the Bee Journal for a year— both together for $1.75. But surely anybody can get only two new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year, and thus get the book as a premium. Let everybody try for it. We want to give away 1000 copies of this book by Oct. 1. Will you have one ? GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 56 Fifth Ave., CHICAGO, ILLS. California i^ If you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers, Climate or UeBources. send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated, J2.40 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL PRESS, 220 Market St., - SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. BEGINNERS. Beginners should have a copy of the Amateur Bee-Keeper, a 70-page book by Prof. J. W. House. Price 25 cents; If sent by mail. 28c. The little book and the Progressive Bee-Keeper (ii live, pro- gressive 28-page monthly journal) one year, Gbc. Address any flrst-class dealer, or LEAHY MFG. CO. , Higginsville, Mo. APIARIAN SUPPLIES '^fl.?^f^l. Keeper "—how to manage bees, etc.— 25 ets. The "Model Coop." for hen and her brood Wyandotte, Langshan and Leghorn Eggs foi hatching. Cat. free, but state what you wani J. W. ROUSE & CO., Uexico, Mo. \ BIG DROPS of water has made the vegetation. Now the sun shines — the Honey wells up — the Bees gather it, and every Bee-Keeper should have all needed Supplies at once. Catalogue Free. Thos. G. Kewmaii, '^l^i^ltVl^.""- mmi BlEE-pVES. S HIPPWG-@ASES We make a Specialty of these Goods, and defy Competition in QXJ-A.IjIT"5r, "WOR,K;3\iA.lSrSIIIF AND FKatience;no scalded hands. broken or chip- I ped dishes, no muss. Washes, inces dries and )olishes quickly. lade of best ma- jrial, lasts a life- .me. Sellatsight, iiRents, women or men of honor de- . siring employ- " ment may havea payint^ business by writing now for descriptive circulars and terms to agents, ^The QUAKER NOVELTY CO., Salem, 0. Mention the American Bcc Journal.^ 514 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 8, course, return the hire to Its old stand as soon as possible. I have in each case, except the lastswarm, taken the queen from the hive, as I was more certain to find her. though in one case I should have preferred to have kept the queen in the hive. The last swarm I hived at a considerable distance from home, in a small box. and took it home, and as I preferred the queen in the hive. I shook the box in front of the hive, intending to catch the queen in the new colony as she was about to go in. but she eluded me and got into the hive with the others. The next morning I looked through the hive and found the old queen attending to business undisturbed in one side of the hive (she is a full-blood grey Carniolanl. and the other (a 3-banded Ital- ian) enclosed in a ball of bees, nearly all of which were her own breed. The others ■were mixed all through the hive. I res- cued her from the hands of her friends, and put her into a cage and introduced her to another colony. The article referred to (on page 45S) showed me that I could safely let both queens into the hive without danger to the united colony : and the above experience shows that I have at least a good chance of saving the queen that I prefer in such cases. E. L. Dt:xHAM. Greeley. Colo.. July 20. Queens an«l <(ueoii-Reariiisr.— If you want to know how to have queens fertilized in upper stories while the old queen is still laying below ; how you may mfdy introduce any queen, at any time of the year when bees can fly ; all about the different races of bees ; all about shipping queens, queen-cages, candy for queen- cages, etc. ; all about forming nuclei, mul- tiplying or uniting bees, or weak colonies, etc. : or, in fact, everything about the queen-business which you may want to tnow— send for Doolittle's '■ Scientific Queen-Reaming "—a book of over 170 pages, which is as interesting as a story. Here are some good offers of this book : Bound in cloth, postpaid. SI. 00 ; or clubbed with the Bee Journ'ai, for one year— both for only SI. 6.5 : or given free as a premium for sending us three new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year at -SI. 00 each. Bound in paper cover, postpaid. 6.5 cents ; or given free as a premium for sending us two new subscribers: or clubbed with the Bee Jocrnal a year— both for only -51.40. Send all orders to the Bee Journal ofl3ce. Bintlers for this size of the American Bee Journal we can furnish for 75 cents each, postpaid: or we will club it with the Bee Journal for a year— both for .*1.60. We have a few of the old size (6xSI) Binders left, that we will mail for only 40 cents each, to close them out. Please Send TTs the Names of your neighbors who keep bees, and we will send them sample copies of the Bee JoiTBNAL. Then please call upon them and get them to subscribe with you, and secure some of the preiniuuis we offer. i*-,ftM: BeeJoubnM PCBLISHEU WEEKT.Y BY GEORGE W. YORK & CO., Ji.t Ojio Dollar a Yoar, 56 Fifth Avenue, CHICAGO, 11.1.8. Postage to all Countries In the Postal Union is 50 cents extra. To all others. Sl-OO more than the subscription price. ^T" Hebblewhite & Cn.. 369 George Street, Sydney, New South waies. Australia, are our authorized agents. Subscription price. 6 shil- lings per annum, postpaid *■■*■ ■^*-^*-^*'^*^-* ■*■■*■*• *-*-*^-*-^*-*-*^*-* Important to All Subscribers. Xlie Aiiieriean Bee Joiiriial is sent to subscribers until an order is received by the publishers for its discontinuance, and all arrearages are paid. Always Slate the Post-Office to which your paper is addressed, when writing to us. A Sample <'«>py of the Bee Journal will be sent FREE upon application. How to Seixl Money.- Remit by Express. Post-Ofiice Money Order, or Bank Draft on New York or Chicago. If none of these can be had. Register your Letter, affixing Stamps both for postage and regis- try, and take a receipt for it. Money sent thus, IS Ar OUR RISK; otherwise it is not. Do not send Checks on Local Banks — we have to pay 25 cents each, to get them cashed. ^"ever Send Silver in letters. It will wear holes in the envelope, or may be stolen. Money Orders. — Make all Money Or- ders payable at Chicago. 111. — not at any sub-station of Chicago. Postage Stamps of any denomina- tion may be sent for any fraction of a dol- lar; or where Money Orders cannot be obtained, stamps for any amount may be sent. Sn1>sc-ription t'redits. — The receipt for money sent us will be given on the address-label of every paper. The subscrip- tion is paid to the end of tlie nionlli indicated. Do not Write anything for publica- tion on the same sheet of paper with busi- ness matters, unless it can be torn apart without interfering with either part of the letter. ■>ost ^'uml»ers. — We carefully mail the Bee Journal to every subscriber, but should any be lost in the mails, we will re- place them it notified before all the edition is exhausted. Please don't wait a month or two. for then it may be too late to get another copy. Emerson Itinders. made especially for the American Bee Journal, are conven- ient for preserving each weekly Number, as fast as received. They will be sent, post- paid, for 75 cents, or clubbed with the Am- erican Bee Journal for one year- -both to- gether for SI. 60. They cannot be sent by mail to Canada. ITALIAN BEES AND QUEENS. Queens, 75 cents, or two for $1.00. Mrs. A. A. SIMPSON, 29A8t SWARTS, Greene Co., PA. Mention &k. American Bee Janmnl Bee-Keeper's Guide— see page 512. Honey & Beeswai Market Quotations. C H ICAGO. III., June 7.— We have our usual dull season which we look forward to and ex- pect. Honey is entirely forgotten during the months of June. July and August. The mar- ket is pretty well cleaned up of all grades of honey, so the prospects are encouraging for the coming season. We are getting 13@14c. for light comb. J. A. L. CHICAGO. III.. May 23.— The trade in comb honey Is very light at this time of the year — as it is between seasons. Soon we will get the new crop, and It will come on a bare market. Just now what little comb sells brings 14c. for the best grades. Extracted. 5H®7c. All good grades of beeswax, 30c. R. A. B. &Co. CHICAGO, III.. July 30.— We are now hav- ing some inquiries for comb honey, and ex- pect our first receipts of fancy while to sell at 15c. ; No. 1 white will bring 14c.: no trou- ble to sell fancy honey; No. 2 quality sells at 10@13c.. depending uoon condition. White extracted, 6@7c., depending upon flavor; dark, 5®6c. S. T. F. & Co. CINCINNATI, C, July 8. -There is a good demand for extracted honey at 4®7c.. with a small supply on the market. Demand is fair for choice white comb honey at 3 2®14c. Beeswax is in good demand at 25@30c. lor good to choice yellow. C. F. M. & S. KANSAS CITT, Mo., July 20.— Old stock of honey well cleaned up. Some new comb on the market. We quote: New comb. No, 1 white. 1-lbs.. 14@15c.; No. 2, 12@l3c.; No. 1 amber, 12(ai3c.: No. 2. 10@llc. Extracted, white, 6@6!4c,; amber, 5@6c. Beeswax. 22c. C. C. C. & Co. PHILADELPHIA, Pa„ June 18.— The new crop of comb honey is arriving slowly, and is in fair demand. No new extracted honey has arrived in this market as yet. We quote: Comb honey. 9@i:?c. Extracted. 4'/4®6c. Beeswax is still declining. The adulteration of beeswax has demoralized our market this spring, and has hurt our sales considerable. Price, 25@27c. W, A. S. NEW YORK, N. T.. July 6.— The market is about bare of comb honey :ind there is no de- mand at the present. The market is quiet on extracted. Demand is limited, with plent.v of supply arriving to meet the demands and more." Wequote: California, 6®6i4c.; South- ern, choice, 60@65c. per gallon; common, 50 @55c. per gallon. Beeswax is declining and selling at from 29@30c. at present, but the indications are that the price will decline still further. H. B. & S. MUTH'S HONET EXTKACTOB PERFECTION Cold-Blast Smokers, Etc. Sqnare Glass Honey Jars, For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son. Cor. Freeman S Central Aves., Cincinnati, O Send 10c for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepera. Mention the A.inerican Bee Joum/iK List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers, Most of whom Quote In this Journal. Cblcago, Ills. J. A. Lamon, 43 South Water St. tt. A. BURNETT & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. Y. F. I. Sage & Son, 183 Reade Street. HiLDRETH Bros, it S'egelken. 120 & 122 West Broadway. Chas. Israel & Bros.. 486 Canal St. I. J. Strisgham, 105 Park Place. Kansas City, mo. C. C. Clemoms & Co., 423 Walnut St. Bnffalo, N. Y. Batterson & Co.. 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chas. Daoakt & Son. Plilladelphia, Pa. Wm. a. Selser, 10 Vine St. Cincinnati, OIilo. C. F. M 0TH & Son, oor. Freeman & Central ave . 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 515 QUEENS ! Now ready by return mail, reared in full col- onies from the best honey-gathering strains In America, at the following very low prices: Tested each $1.50 per 14 dozen 8.00 Warranted purely-mated each .75 " per i4 dozen 4.25 per dozen 8.00 If you want Queens for biiolness, pet my old reliable strain. 40-p. descriptive Catalog Free. W. yv. OAKY, Coliain, Mass. 27Atf Mtnlion the A merican Bee JoumaL ::] — H — ^.^ -— ^— - zz -..-— ^ ~ :: - — ■ — — — -~~ ~ - ■ A — ~ ::q — ~ ^ --— - ; m UW ^ ^ ^ B 5i s M ^ ^ b^ 1 h> Protection De shepherd of de sheep fole, Him say, "Oh! wool is cheap, But it's part of my religion. That dogs shan't kill de sheep." So he put de Pase Fence all aroun* De vouu^ au' fat, de ole an' thiu. And de doi^s dey howl an' knash der teef, For dey know dey can'tget in. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich. "^Icntioo Vie ArixeT-irom. Sf:e iri'.y^*i/X- Select Tested Italian Q,ueens Friends. I will have 000 Select Tested Queens for sale Sept. 1. at Sl.OO each or.flO.OO per dozen. Tntested, 50 rents each, or io. 00 per dozen. Tested Queens 75 cents each, or $6.00 per dozen, eiiher Golden Italians t)r Imported stock at same price. Safe arrival and satis- faction guaranteed. Address. F. A. CMOWELL, 31Att GKANGEE, MINN. WoodclifF Queens. I will send a Guaranteed ii-Banded Yellow Queen, bred froai a Breeder selected from 1000 Queens (some producing over 400 lbs. of honey to thecolonj); or a 3-Bauded Italian Leatber-Colored Queen direct from a Breeder imported from Italy. Oct. '94— at 75c., and a special low price for a quantity. My secret is to sell an extra-lare'e amount, which enables me to sell at low prices Will run this spr ng 350 Nuclei— have I home and 4 out apiaries. No Queens superior to my Straln. ^" Send for Descriptive Catalogue and Testimonials, lo Wm. a. Selser, Wyncote, Pa. COMB FOUNDATION. Wholesale aud Retail. Quality alwa.vs the best. Price always lowest. TTorkins; Wax luto Foundation by the lb. a Specialty. I can make it an object for you in any quantity, but offer special induce- ments on straiffbt ^5 or 50 Ih. lots. Or for making large lot of Wax into Foundation. I am furnishing large uealers. and can also please you. EteeMirax lakeit at all limes- Write for Samples and Prices, to GIS DITT.TIER, AUGUSTA. WIS. Reference— Augusta Bank. 16Atf WHEM AnSWERIMG this ADVEHTISEMENT, Me-^TION THIS JOORNAi_ T AND LUNQ DISEASES, DR. PEIBO, Specialist Offices: loip, loo State St., CHICAGO. Hours 9 to 4. Queeiis and MM ! Untested Italian Queens, by return mall. Toe; Tested. Jl.OO: Select Tested, $1.50. Nuclei, by express— per Frame. 75c. Address. C. E. IIIKAD, 87 Artesian Are., Station D, C'Hic.iGO. III. Questioj^'Box* In the multitude of counsellors there is safety. — Prov. 11-14. I]ig;liC!!it Cellar Temperature in Winter and Not Cause the t^ueen to Liay. Query 983.— Wbat is the highest point I can keep the thermometer steadily throug"h- outthe winter inthe cellar without danger of setting the queen to laying?— Mich. E. France — I don't know. B. Taylor — I do not know. Jas. A. Stoue — I do not knoA'. Rev. M. Mahin — I do not know. Mrs. L. Harrison — At about 40^. Chas. Dadant &, Son — 40^ to 45-. C. H. Dibbern — Not much above 45-, Fahr. Dr. C. C. Miller— I think I've read about 50'^. W. G. Larrabee — 1 never wintered bees in the cellar. Dr. J. P. H. Brown — I should keep about 40-'^ or 45^. J. M. Harabaugh — I have never experi- mented along that line. Mrs. J. N. Heater — J don't know, but 45^ is a good temperature. Prof. A. J. Cook — They seldom breed with the thermometer at 45^, Fahr. J. E. Pond — As I have never wintered bees in a cellar, I know nothing of the matter. J. A. Green— I have not had enough experiencd in cellar-wintering to answer definitely. P. H. Elwood — That depends largely upon the construction and ventilation of your hives. R. L. Taylor — I don't know that the laying of the queen depends on that. Keep it at 42^* to 45-^. G. M. Doolittle — I aim at a tempera- ture of 45-, and consider that the best temperature for cellar-wintering. Eugene Secor — 453 j^ about right. If the queen does begin to lay the latter part of March, 1 think it is all right. Wm. M. Barn urn — I have never yet wintered a colony in the cellar or other repository ; but should say about 45-, ITahr. W. R. Graham— I will have to give Dr. Miller's answer — "I don't know" — as I live in the South, and have no experi- euce in that line. Rev. E. T. Abbott — I do not know. I just let Old Probabilities regulate the weather, and leave my bees out in it with plenty of food of the rl{jhi kind in the rhjht place. G. W. Deraaree — I reall,v don't know. But in ordinary winters in Kentucky, the queens begin to lay (sparingly) in January, and will show some brood through February, March, etc. H. D. Cutting — In a damp cellar, 45-, I always prefer to have them begin in the cellar. With a cross of Syrians and Italiaus I have had M complement of brood when bees were put out about April 1 to 8. Allen Pringle— In the case of que_ens which have passed one winter, say 55^ to 60^. In the case of queens reared the latter part of the season, which have not passed a winter, 45^ is as high as would be safe. In the first case, when wintering on sugar syrup with very liitle pollen in the hive, the temperature may be 10^ to 15^ higher, and the same in the second case. Globe Bee Veil By Mail for One Dollar. Five cross-bars are rlvlted in the 'centre at the top. These bend down f and button to studs on a neck-band. The bars are best light spring steel. The neck-band is hard spring brass. The netting is white with face-piece of black to see thr»ugh. " It is easllT put together and folds compactlv in a case, 1x6x7 Inches, ^ !■ ' 111 whole weigUng but 5 ounces. It can be worn over an ordinary hat: fits any head; does not obstruct the vision, and can t>e worn In t>ea without discomfort. It Is a boon to any one whoir flies bother, mosquitos bite, or bees sting. Nets, 50 ct8. caeli. ^T" This Veil we club with the Bee Journal tor one year— both for $1.75: or give tree as a Premium for sending us 3 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at *1.00 each. GEORGE "W. YORK & CO., - CHICAGO, ILLS. GOLDEN QUEENS From Texas. 'to?*J.V.;*.'.';,' as wt'll us for Beniity and Gentleness. ^^~ Safe arrival and reasonable satisfac- tion guaranteed. Write for Price-List. J. D. GIVENS, ^^^^?^' I ±iox -i TB2C Mrntitin the Amrrican Bee Journal, .aiigstrotli™B Hone) -Bee -REVISED 3Y THE DADAHTS- This mignificent classic in bee-literature has been entirely re-written, and is fully illustra- ted, It treats of everythinir relatinj^ to bees and bee-keepiu?. No apiarian lilirary is com- plete without this standard work by Rev. L. L Langstrotb— the Father of American Bee- I'ulture. It has .5'20 pages, and is substan- tially bound in cloth. Price, postpaid. .Jl. 40; or cljbbed with the Bee Journal for one year— both forS'3.15; or the h<^ok free as a premium for sending us 4 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at $1 each G. W. YOKE & CO., 56 5th Ave., Chicago, 111, K SAVE 0 MONEY '^6"^ur^'3'B%%'. ITALIAN QUEENS Fouiidatiou at Wholesale Prices. Hives, suited for the South, or SSCPPIjIES, send for Price-List— to J. P. II. BKOW.\, ^^^^sT^. Mention tii e American Bee JournaL Original Adel Qneens ! ! This famous strain of Yellow-Banded Bees are giving satisfaction where tbey have been introduced. I have had tnis strain in my api- ary six years, and never have had a swarm of bees from them. And in the particular colo- ny from which I am rearing Queens, t have never received a sting. Every subscriber to the .%iiierieaii Bee jonrual can obtain one W.\RR.4NTED QcEES by remitting '.j cts. Or $1.50 pays for the above bee- paper and one of the finest "Adel " Queens. Address, HENRY ALLEV, 30Atf WENHAM, MASS, Mention the A.incricnn Bee Journal. 516 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 8, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! It Is always economy to buy the best, espe- cially when the best cost no more than somethlnjf not half so pood. OUR FAL- CON SECTIONS are acknowledged to be superior to any on the market. The same is alsotrueot our HIVES and BEE- KEEPERS' SUPPLIES, of which we make all modern styles. OUR PRICES will be found as low as those of any of our competitors, and in many cases low- er, and you are always sure of Retting: first-class goods. We also publish THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER, a monthly magazine (Fifth year) at 50c. a year, in- valuable to beginners. Large illustrated catalogue and price-list free. Address, THE W.T. FALCONER MFd. CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. ^r" AV. in. Oerrish, of East Nottins- bam, N. H., is our Eastern agent. New England customers may save freight by pur- chasing of him. What's the Use of Keeping Bees If you do not sell the honey? That's what we ate here for. Get our high prices before sell- "cl R. HORRIE & CO., Commission Merchants, 224 South Water St., Cblcago, III. 24 Ai:i Mention the American Bee Jourruu. I AEISE TOSAY to tlie readers of the BEE JOURNAL that DOOI.ITT1.E: has concluded to sell -BEES and QUEEN8- In their season, durlnx 1895. at thelollowinu prices : One Colony of Italians on 9 Gallup frames, in llKht sblpping-box $7 00 Five Colonies 30 00 Ten Colonies 50 00 1 untested queen. 1 00 6 " queens 5 50 12 " " 10 00 1 tested Queen... ti So S " Queens . 4 oo 1 select tested queen 2 00 3 ■' " Queens 5 oc Selecttested queen, previous season's rearinR . 4 oo Kitra Selected tor breeding, the vert best. . 6 do About a Pound of BKES In a Two-frame Nucleus, with any Queen, »2.oo eitra. Kf Circular free, Blvlng full particulars regard Ing the Bees and eacb class of Queens. Addrfess 6. M. DOOUTTLE, 12A26t BORODINO. Onon. Co., N. T. HONEY QUEENS! Have been carefully bred for producing comb honey for the past 18 years, and by a special method for producing large, long-lived, pro- lific Queens. Can furnish either H or 5 Band- ed stock, bred In separate yards. 3-Bandfcd bred from my own or Imported Mother. No foul brood or paralysis. Warranted Queens, purely mated, 60 cts.; Tested, $1.00; Selected Breeders. $2. ,50. Discount on quantities. 27Atf J. H. CiOOD, Nappanee, Ind. Is a good thing p Yah but here's eome-r III I Ull thing better * "* *"" Until further notice I will furnish COMB FOUNDATION as follows : 10 lbs. Heavy or Medium Brood Fdn.*:J.50 lOlbs. Lljiht " 3,60 10 lbs. Thin Surplus Foundation. .. 4.00 10 lbs. E.xtra-Thin Surplus Fdn 4.50 No orders will be accepted at these prices from persons living east of New York State. For BEESWAX-fair quality, delivered here. 2Tc. cash ; '20c. In trade. W.J. Fiiich,Jr.,Spriiigfield, 111 2 8 A 1 3 Mention the A merican Bee JliumaL Free Silver Abbott's Space, That "St. Joe" Hiye! Write for a Circular and Say Ho-w Many Hives You 'Will Need. Address, Emerson T. Abbott, ST. JOSEPH, MO. Me)itton the American Dee Journal. 17 YEARS AGO DADANT'S FOUNDATION Was first ofl'ered for sale. The followingr parties keep It in stock and have kept it for years for sale. Why ? Because they want to handle only the best goods, and they say they get the best goods when they buy Dadant's Foundation : Thomas O. Newman. ChlcaKo, Ills. C. F. Muth & Son, Cincinnati, Ohio Cbas. H. Green, Waukesha, Wis. ChaB. Hertel, Freebura, Ills. B. Kretchmer. Red Oak, Iowa. Jos.Nysewander, Des Moines, Iowa. G. B. Lewis Co.. Watertown, wia. James Reynolds Elevator Co., PouKbkeepsle. N Y. Page & Lyon. New London. Wis. La. Bee-Keepers* Supply Co.. Donatdsonville, La. E. F. Quigley, Unionville, Mo. I G. K. Hubbard. Fort Wayne. Ind. L. Hanssen. Davenport, Iowa. <\TheiImann,Theilmanton, Minn. E. C. EaKlesfield. Berlin, Wis. Walter 8. Pouder. Indianapolis, Ind E. T. Abbott, St. Juaepb. Mo. J. M. Jenkins, Wetumpka. Alabama John Rey, East SaKinaw, Micb. J. W. Bittenbender, Knoxville. Iowa. Vickerv Bros.. EvansviUe. Ind. Mrs. Jennie Atcbley. Beeville, Texas. Is not such a steady trade a proof of real merit in the poods we sell ? We also make a specialty of Veils and Veil Stufl^ of best quality. BEESWAX WAITED AT AL.L* TIMES. Bee-keepers' Supplies, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails, etc. Samples of Foun- dation and Tulle FRE^H with circular. Instructions to beginners with circular. Send us your address. CHAS. DADANT & SON, MevUan the American Bee Journal. HAMTLTON, Hancock Co., ILL. 3-Frame Nucleus and Italian Queen -$2.50.- Untested Queens, 75c.; Six for $3.50. Discount on QuanUtte»«. FULL-LINE-OF-SUPPLIES. I. J. STRINGHAItl, 105 Park Place. NEW YOKK, N. Y Mention the American Bee Journal. PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATIOll Has No Sag in Brood-Frames Thin Flat-Hottom Foundation Has Ko FishboDe in the Sorplas Booef. BeinK the cleanest Is usually worked the quickest of any Foundation made J. VAN DEUSEN 6c SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Sprout Brook Montscomery Co., N. Y, FEEDING BACK Honey to secure the completion of unfinished sections can be made very profitable if rightly managed during: the hot weather of July and Aug-ust. In "Advanced Bee-Culture "may be found complete instructions regarding the selection and preparation of colonies, prepara- tion of the feed, manipulation necessary to secure the rapid capping- of the combs, time for removing: the honey, and how to manage if a few sections in a case are not quite complete; in short, all of the "* kinks " that have been learned from years of experience and the '* feed- ing back " of tons of honey. Price of the book, 50 cts. QUEENS BY RETURN MAIL. Remember that I am selling Mce, Yellow, Tested Italian Queeus, of this year's rearing, at $1.00 each, or six for $3.00. and sendlncr them by return mail evehy ti.me— have been doing so for two months. " Advanced Bee-Culture " and odo Qneen lor $1.2.5. The Book. Queen and Keview one year for $-2.00. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, FLINT, MiCH, Notice ! We beg to announce that we ha/e completed arrangements with the Porters whereby we secure for this country the control of the sale of that very excellent and almost indispensable implement — fill? 0A0f J?iy CTJ^^F-I^Q^^I^JltTP It will be manufactured by the Porters, as formerly, but write to us for prices in both large and small quantities. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK ^; S^^ '^ AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. r-^H.jvot=^ 8ii^f«- IN AMER\C^ 35th Year. CHICAGO, ILL., AUG. 15, 1895. No. 33. Cot;)tnbuted /Vrticles^ On Important A-piarian Subjects. Uniting Colonies of Bees in the Fall. BY «. M. DOOLITTLE. A correspondent writes thus : "My bees have done very poorly this season as to honey, and seem light in bees. As we do not have much, if any, fall honey here, I do not expect the bees will get more than a living from now out, and I must either unite my bees or feed them for suflicient stores for win- ter. As I have more bees than I wish, I have resolved to unite them until they have honey enough so I do not need to feed. I wish you would tell us through the columns of the American Bee Journal the best plan for uniting in the fall of the year." I have tried many plans of uniting bees, but prefer the following to any other for fall use, especially where the colo- nies to bo united are rather light in bees : In the first place, the queens in a part of the colonies are to be taken away and disposed of in some way, either by sell- ing them or destroying. It sold, of course you will sell only good queens ; but if killed, then the poorest are the ones to select out. By thus selecting and killing the poorest we can improve our apiary in quality, as well as to save buying sugar to feed. But were there no difference in the queens I would remove all but those I expected to winter over, for so far as I have practiced this plan, I I3nd that queenless bees are less in- clined to quarrel, and are more disposed to stay where put, than are those having queens. Having the queens disposed of, from the colonies which are to be united, wait three days to a week (three days in any event, so the colonies may realize their queenlessness) for some cool, cloudy day, when it is a few degrees colder than the bees desire to fly in, when you will find the bees all clustered com- pactly, something the way they are in winter. When taking the queens away, take all the combs from the hive but three, unless the colony is too large, leaving only those which con- tain the most honey. The combs left are to be spread apart from % to an inch, setting them out two or three inches from the sides of the hive, so that the bees may be all clustered on these combs instead of hanging to the sides, or any part of the hive. The hive which is to receive these bees and combs is to be also prepared beforehand, by taking away all the combs but three or four, those left being the ones having the most honey in them, said combs being placed close to one side of the hive. When the right day arrives as to temperature, light the smoker and put on your bee-veil, for in following the plan de- scribed you may not be able to use the hands to get a stinging Large Blue FUuj —{[riis \'en:i rate of fare returning. The Central Traffic Association covers all the main lines of railroad in southwestern Ontario (Canada), and the States of Ohio, Michigan, Indiana and Illinois. Surely there ought to be 100 present from that region alone, not counting those from east and south of Ohio, and west of Illinois. Please he sure to get a Certificate when purchasing your ticket ooiJiy to Toronto, then at the meeting have Secretary Hutchinson sign it so that afterward, upon presenting it to 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 525 the agent at Toronto, you will be entitled to the K fare re- turning home. Upon a single bee-keeper may depend whether or not 100 Certificates are shown at the convention, so you will readily see the importance of getting a Certificate when purchasing your ticket for Toronto. -»-»-*■ No Editor or Publislier of a bee-paper should think of wanting to be the Secretary-Treasurer of the amal- gamated society, if such should result from the North Ameri- can and Bee-Keepers" Union. At least this editor wouldn't entertain the thought for a moment, and would strongly op- pose any other, should he attempt to win the ofBce. No, it would not be fair. It would give the favored editor an advan- tage over all others, which would not result in the best inter- est of the society, I fear. Editor Root says this in last Glean- ings, on this point : It has been whispered to me that some editor was after the General Managership of the Union, or such organization as might perhaps be perfected in the future by araalgamalion or otherwise. So far as Gleanings is concerned, neither of its editors would accept the office under any consideration. I have already heard from the editors of three or four other leading bee-papers, and find that their position is ours exactly. Whoever " whispered" that time would better hereafter speak even lower than a " whisper." Surely, no self-respect- ing editor would be " after the General Managership." ■Wifeless— Ptot Homeless. — Bro. Leahy, in the August Progressive, had this alarming notice : "Alas! poor Ycrick ! The sad news comes as we goto press. Dr. Miller writes : ' Friend York has no home now.' " Lest some might think that my pleasant home is all broken up, and that I am a candidate for all sorts of sympa- thy, I had better say that it all came about by Mrs. York going to stay with her mother-in-law in Ohio for a month or so, in order to rest up and endeavor to regain her former e.x- cellent health. That's all. lu a week or so now I'll not feel so lonesome. But I hereby give notice that Dr. Miller had better stop telling such whoppers about me ! And it will be " Alas ! poor Leahy !'' if he sticks his editorial pencil through me again iu that kind of a style ! <-.-* North American Bee-Keepers' Union.— How's that for a name for the society formed by uniting the North American Bee-Keepers' Association and the National Bee-Keepers' Union ? This is a day and age of " Unions," and I believe that under the name suggested, thousands of mem- bers could be secured if proper inducements are offered. In Gleanings for Aug. 1, Editor Root comes out in a strong editorial favoring the amalgamation of the two existing national societies. It ought to be done, and very soon. Phrenology. — The annual session of the American Institute of Phrenology will begin on Tuesday, Sept. 3, 1895. Those who expect to attend, or who are in any way interested, should write at once for particulars to the publishers of the Phrenological Journal, 27 East 21st Street, New York. Prom present indications this will be the most successful ses- sion of the Institute ever held. Honey as Food and ^ledicine. — A new and revised edition of this 3'2-page pamphlet is now issued. It has 5 blank pages on which to write or paste recipes taken from other sources. It is just what its name indicates, and should be liberally dis- tributed among the people everywhere to create a demand for honey. It contains a number of recipes on the use of honey as food and as medicine, besides much other interesting and valuable information. Prices, postpaid, are: Single copy, 5 cts. ; 10 copies 35 cts. ; 50 for $1.50 ; 100 for $3.50. Better give them a trial. Send all orders to the Bee Journal office. \ j /Vr^orjg tl^e Bee-Papers Gleaner. AXiZ/ex*. TO DETECT ADULTERATION OF BEESWAX. From Hainant's Pragies Apicole is taken the following: To test wax for adulteration, heat to boiling one gramme with ten grammes of water and three grammes of carbonate of soda; let it cool, and if pure, the wax will float and the water remain uncolored; if adulterated, an emulsion more or less liquid is formed. Five percent, adulteration can be detected in this way. — F. L. Thompson, in Review. SPEAKING KIND WOKDS, Strange, isn't it, that some oeople don't like to hear others well spoken of? Surely there can be no harm come from giv- ing one another words of eucouragement. If we appreciate the efforts of a brother bee-keeper, or admire his writings, what harm can it do to let him know it? Few men in this world have too many ki[id words spoken of them, but many men have too much said that is discrediting to them. The way of the world is to say nothing good of a man while he is living, but after he is dead, no matter how wicked arid sinful he has been, someone will manage to find something good of him. Let it not be so with bee-keepers. — S. E. Miller, in Progressive. GETTING BEES OFF EXTRACTING -COMBS. S. T. Pettit gives his plan in Canadian Bee Journal, as fol- lows: "This is the way I do it now: First give a couple of smart whiffs of smoke in the entrance, then blow smoke smartly un- der the quilt and the bees will rush downwards, then remove the quilt or cloth and for a moment rush the bees down with smoke. Now is your opportunity; lift the combs out quickly and shake off what bees you can quickly, and lean the combs against the back part of the hive or any other convenient thing, or place them in a light box for the purpose. Now, keep on a hustle and as soon as the last frame is out, drop in and adjust your empty combs and close up the hive. Now, see, all this must be done before the reaction or return of the bees sets in, and your bees are still in good humor, and their zeal for gathering honey is not decreased by the presence of those empty combs, and everything is lovely. "The process of brushing the remaining bees from the combs will be found pleasant and easy, for by this time they feel lost and lonely, and they are in no mood for self-defense. I had rather remove the filled combs and replace them with empty ones than adjust and remove a bee-escape. And then, I fancy that the bees being crowded in the brood-chamber and the consequent excitement caused by the bee-escape would work up swarming-fever. "I go right on with this work in the robbing season. I place the robber-cloth over the comb box, and just when com- mencing operations I fill said box with smoke; this keeps the robbers at bay. At such seasons I have an assistant to keep the air over and about the hive pretty full of smoke." SIZE OF HIVES. In Gleanings, J. F. Mclntyre reports that be and R. A. Holley have been experimenting with hives containing frames Langstroth length, some of them 7 inches deep and others 12 inches deep. They are much pleased with the deep frames, and very positive that they want no horizontally divisible brood-chambers. The editor adds in a foot note: "Personally, I have never experimented with deep brood- chambers; but I have observed this: That we in our locality, only a few miles from H. R. Boardman, while following pre- cisely the same method of wintering in-doors, wp, do not have the same success that he does with his deep hive. While we lose in-doors from 10 to 25 per cent., Mr. Boardman loses none. Perhaps the depth of brood-chamber may have some- thing to do with it; but after all, take the reports as they gen- erally run, there does not seem to be much difiference in results, so far as wintering is concerned, between the Langstroth size of frame and a square one. But Friend Mclntyre's argument is, if I understand him correctly, that more brood can be se- cured by using a deeper frame. Perhaps he is right. His ex- perience, and also that of Mr. Holley, agrees almost exactly with tests that we have made here at the 'Home of theHoney- Bees;' namely, that bees do not breed as well in divided brood-chambers as in one in which there is no division." F. A. Snell favors a cubical hive with the American frame, and C. W. Dayton wants one that makes a cube by adding a 526 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 15, half-story, the lower story containing 2,000 cubic inches. Joseph I. Earle advocates a hive measuring 12 inches each way, and that from such a hive he gets 200 pounds of ex- tracted honey each year, the honey-tiow lasting two and a half to three months. DRUG TREATMENT OF FOUL BROOD. Rev. W. F. Clarke in Gleanings says that in trying to cure foul-brood by the phenol treatment, he found a couple of wrinkles ho thinks worth knowing, viz.: "The first is, to feed the phenolated syrup at a lime when there is absolutely no honey coming in. Take advantage of the period of complete cessation af nectar-yielding, when the bees are ravenous for food, and are like a hungry man who will not be particular to getquail-on-toast, and other epicurian dishes. The second wrinkle is to take care not to medicate the syrup too strongly with phenol. I overlooked in my first trials this pregnant sentence: 1 500 dispatched the bacillus quickly when honey was coming, in and 1 750 when it was not.' I found that, even in a time of scarcity, the bees refused the 1 500 decoction, and I kept diluting the syrup until they took it freely." The editor comments: "With regard to the phenol, I per- sonally tried it diluted 500, 1,000, 750, and, in fact, all sorts of dilutions: and in nearly every case it would apparently check the disease, but not in a single case do I remember that it cured it entirely, in the long run; apd when we were fussing with phenol, foul brood in the meanwhile got pretty well scat- tered over our yard." SHAKING BEES OFF COMBS. Doolittle thus describes his method in Gleanings: "I place the projecting ends of the frame on the ends of the two middle fingers of each hand, and then with a quick upward stroke throw the ends of the frame against the ball or thick part of the hand at the base of the thumb. As the frame strikes the hand, let the hands give a sudden downward motion, which makes the shock still greater. As the frame strikes the fingers it is again thrown back against the hand, aud so on till all or nearly all of the bees are off. The principle is, that the bee is on its guard all the while to keep from falling off, thus hold- ing on tenaciously so as not to be easily shaken off by any mo- tion which tends to throw it down. By a sudden stopping of the upward and a quick downward motion, the bees are thrown off their guard and dislodged from the comb in an upward di- rection." The editor adds in a foot-note: "I sometimes practice your method; but more often I pick the frame up, grasping the projecting end of one end of the top-bar; and, doubling my fist, I strike the top-bar one sharp, quick blow at a point where there are no bees." I like the Doolittle plan for heavy frames, and the editor's plans for frames not so heavy. For very light frames I like a plan still different. Hold the frame in the left hand by the end of the top-bar, and pound on the left hand with the right flst. -******■ Soui1r)crr) T)cparin)cr)i^ CONDUCTED Br DR. J. P. II. BliO^V:s\ A.UGUSTJI, GA. [Please send all questions relating to bee-keeping In the South direct to Dr. Brown, and he will answer in this department. — Ed.T Experience with Snrarin§ — Oood Queens, Etc. Large swarms have given me some trouble this season, when I neglected to put on the surplus arrangement as soon as hived, or shortly after. Every one so hived swarmed out. In hot weather it is a safe rule to give ample room to begin with. As a further precaution, if thought necessary, put on a queen-trap. Don't depend entirely upon the proverbial frame of brood. It doesn't work every time. The queen-trap is not reliable for hiving after-swarms when the prime swarm issues before any of the cells are com- pleted, and the old hive is moved to a new stand. Some of the young queens get out. A good-sized mirror, held so as to throw the reflection among the bees, will generally bring down absconders. This was given some time ago in the Uee Journal, but is, I think, worth repeating. It seems to work when the sun is shining. But what are we to do when the sun refuses to shine for us ? Try cow-bells, I suppose. I find it a good plan to winter two to four queens in 4- frame nuclei, for queening any colonies that are found queen- less in the spring. If not needed, they will generally make good colonies for June, by giving plenty of combs. A WAY TO GET GOOD QUEENS. An easy way to get them is to select your queen-rearing colonies in the early fall. Give them two stories of 8 or 10 frames each ; build up very strong by stimulating brood-rear- ing and giving eggs from your nuclei, if necessary. See that they have 40 to 50 pounds of stores for winter and spring. Feed again in the spring during unfavorable weather, to get them to swarm early. We ought to have our queens laying by April 20. Then, by giving each three or four frames of bees and brood, and lilling up with drawn combs, or full sheets of foundation, with a favorable season they ought to give some surplus in June. By fall they should be about equal to the old colonies that did not swarm. In this way we get our in- crease at a very small expense to tbe honey crop; and by using large hives in most seasons we have but little trouble to prevent swarming when running for extracted honey. BEES REARED IN LARGE HIVES. Large hives— "double discounters," but small ones for manipulation. That is about where Mr. Davenport leaves us on page 391. True, he says bees, but were they not de- veloped in large hives — boxes? He also says: " They livei longer, and a good deal longer than ordinary bees." That seems to be a very important point in favor of large hives. I am confident that the bees, and especially the queens, of a thoroughly developed colony, are more vigorous and longer- lived than those reared in most small hives. Newtonville, Ala. \V. W. Gravlee. Good Report from Texas. I started in the spring witn 105 colonies of Italian and hybrid bees in poor condition, but having favorable weather I succeeded in building them up for the main honey-flow, which commenced the last of April, and continued until the last of May. I increased to 128 colonies. I work my bees two, three and even four stories high, trying to keep them from swarm- ing as much as possible, and only hiving such swarms as set- tle together while swarming, or such as I don't know from which hive they came. All other single swarms I put back where they came from. I use the Langstroth-Simplicity frames, ten to the hive. I only work for extracted honey, using a two-frame Cowan reversible extractor. I extracted from my bees 11,000 pounds of first-class honey, very thick and nice, all put up in 60 pound cans. My bees are in splendid condition now — plenty of stores — and are making more than a living. The hives are boiling over with bees. We nearly always have a honey-flow in the fall. R. W. Sauer. Brackettville, Tex., July IV. Bitter Honey in liie Soutli. When the bees are at work on the yellow tops, bitter- weed, it is advisable to remove all sections or comb honey, in- tended to be taken, from the hive, as from this all the honey stored will be bitter. All bitter honey in the supers should be fed to the bees during fall and winter, and not left over to mis with the spring supply. Otherwise that will also be more or less bitter. bitter honey as a TONIC. There seems to be a greater freedom from diseases among bees in the South than with the North, aud we must attribute it to the tonic and prophylaxis of the bitter element in the fall honey. It is also said to be an excellent cough remedy, perhaps from the same medical virtue found in the bitter principle of the hoarhound. There is nothing deleterious in the titter honey, should any one be induced to use it, either as food or medicine. — R. H. Whitfield, in Southern Live-Stock Journal. Yliat ]^e-»v Song; — " Queenie Jeanette" — which is being sung everywhere, we can send you for 40 cents, postpaid, or cinb it with the American Bee Journal for one year — both for only $1.10. Or, send us one new subscriber for a year (with $1.00), and we will mail you a copy of the song free. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 527 CONDUCTED BY Rev. Emerson T, A.bbott, St. Joseph, AIo. Bees and Pollen.—" If bees carry pollen from bloom to bloom of the orange and peach, as they do in many other kinds of fruit, why does not the seed produce trees bear- ing different varieties of f ruit ?"— Mrs. Haeeison, on page 391. Because in many cases the pollen of one variety is not potent on the other, but in some cases it is. A gentleman told the writer of a circumstance where a person planted ten apple seeds in pots in the house, the seeds all being taken from one apple. The trees produced from these ten seeds bore as many different varieties of fruit as there were trees. The peaches produced from the seed would be nearly like the ones from which the seeds were taken, provided they were not grafted or budded fruit. In that case, of course, they would be like the fruit of the root upon which the graft was made. This, however, could not be absolutely true, if fertil. ized by pollen from a blossom of a different variety, as the female germ must be influenced more or less by the male germ with which it unites. The resulting fruit should be more or less modified by the combination of the two potent forces. Theoretically, at least, this should influence the seed some- what; and, if there is any truth iu the circumstance men- tioned above, this is true practically. In fact, if I mistake not, there is a berry grown in California, called the " Logan Berry," which is the result of a cross between the blackberry and the raspberry. *-.-» Large Blue Flag. — Though this flower is of no special importance to the bee-keeper as a honey-plant, yet we think the readers of the Bee Journal will be interested in what Mrs. Starr Dana has to say about it in her book, "How to Know the Wild Flowers," which was reviewed in this depart- ment on page 495. I make the following extract : " For the botanist the blue flag possesses special interest. It is a conspicuous example of a flower which has guarded it- self against self-fertilization, and which is beautifully cal- culated to secure the opposite result. The position of the stamens is such that their pollen could not easily reach the stigmas of the same flower, for these are borne on the inner surface of the petal-like, overarching styles. There is no prospect here of any seed being set unless the pollen of an- other flower is secured. Now what are the chances in favor of this? They are many. In the first place, the blossom is unusually large and showy, from its size and shape alone al- most certain to arrest the attention of the passing bee ; next, the color is not only conspicuous, but it is also one which has been found to be particularly sought by these insects. When the bee reaches the flower he alights on the only convenient landing-place, one of the recurved sepals ; following the deep purple veins which experience has taught him lead to the hid- den nectar, he thrusts his head below the anther, brushing ofiE its pollen, which he carries to another flower." Mrs. Dana, like many others, does not seem to have found out that the worker-bee is a female, but we can excuse her for this since she has come to our aid in helping to demon- strate, the importance of cross-fertilization. ITALIAN QUEENS Untested, July to Oct.. 75c. eacli— 3 for $2.00. Tested Queens, $1.00 each. By ret»rn mail. Satisfaction Guaranteed Send for Free Illustrated Circular to THEODORE BENDER, 28Atf 18 Fulton St., CANTON, OHIO. Merdion the American Bee Juumal. THROm AND LUNQ DISEASES, DR. PEIRO. Specialist Offices: IOI9, lOO State St., CHICAGO. Hours 9 to 4. Hr* AnVlivi 1024 Mississippi St . \Jt ACKiin, St. Paul, nilun. Northwestern Agent For The A. I. Root Co.'s Apiarian Supplies Send for I BEES AND Queens Priee-List | For Sale. 2 1 A 1 7 HIentUm the American Ber JcmrnaiL $1.00 PRIZE Will be g^iven to the person sending us a Golden or Leather-Colored Italian Queen whose workers will store the most Comb Honey next season. A report will be giv- en in the Bee Journal; the amount of the 2nd and 3rd will be given also. Send at once. AH have an equal chance to win. Send Queens before Sept. 15th. GILBERT BKOS., EAST AVON, Liv. Co.. N. Y. 33 A 1 1 Mention the Aimtrican Bee JoumaL Promptness Is What Counts ! Honey-Jars. Shipping-Cases, and every- thing that bee-keepers use. Root's Ooods at Root's Prices, and the best shipping point in the country. Dealer in Honey and Beeswax. Cata- iTrJalAve. fl^alter S. Pouder INDIANAPOLIS. IND. Mention the Ameriam liee Jcnvmat Bee-Keeper's Guide— see page 528. C^ctfcrBd Mcn}s^ No Failure in Seven Tears. It is seldom we see anything in any of the bee-papers from our part of the coun- try, so I will say we are just " rolling in the honey" — in the wheelbarrow. We have about 325 colonies, 70 of which we work for extracted honey. Burt, who is not yet quite 16 years old, does nearly all the out- side work, and helps with the inside work, too. He folds and '■ starters" all the sec- tions, does all the uncapping, and much of the extracting ; helps take out and care for comb honey, and, in fact, is our main ''bee- man." While Dr. Miller's bees are taking a rest, he had better come over and help us : but then we do not use T-tin supers. This is our seventh summer here, and there has not been a single failure to pro- duce a good crop. Mrs. Lucr C. Slease. Rosswell, New Mex., July 34. Small Crop — Five-Banded Bees. I have so small a crop of honey this year that I have no fear of its breaking the mar- ket if reported. When the season began we had a good outlook for a large crop of honey. The freezes in May killed the bass- wood buds, and was very damaging to the clovers of all kinds. The hot, dry weather rushed the season so fast that it closed July 6, and the result is one of the shortest crops of honey we ever get, when we get any. In my 43 years' experience with bees, I never knew a season to close so early by Lt days. All my honey was off on July 15 this year, and the crop counted. While, as a rule, the bees are right in the midst of GOLDEN ITALIAN Queens by return mail from a breeder ob- tained of Doolittle, which he selected and tested out of 1 000, for his own special use ; he said this Queen is a better one than the WORLD'S FAIR QUEEN which was valued at $50.00. Also ITALIAN QUEENS from one of A. I. Root's very best imported breeders. Price of Queens— tjntested, 55c. ; 6forJ.3 00; 12 for $5.50. Tested. $1.00 each; 6 for $5.00. No disease. Shall run 400 nu- clei. Ask for Free Circular, which may be worth dollars to you, if you buy Queens. Safe delivery and satisfaction will be Buaranteed in each and every case. H. G. QuiRIN, 27D6t BELLEVUE. Huron Co., OHIO. Mention the American Bee Journal. ONE MAN WITH THE UNION ^''^ii,':,*^-^^ I an do the work of four men using hand tools, in Kipping, Cutting-oCf, Mi- tiiag. Rabbeting, Groov- ing. Gaining. Dadoing, Edging-up. Jointing Stuff, etc. Full Line of Foot and Hand Power Machinery. 80I1I oa Trial. Calalo^ae Free. SEKECA FAliIiS ITIPG. CO., 46 Water St., SENECA FALLS. N. T 27D1» Mention the American Bee Journal. BF.RKSHIHE, Cheater White, Jersey Bed and Poland Chtok PIGS. Jersev, Guernsey and Bolstein Catlie. Thoroogbbred Sheep. Fancy Poultry. Hunting and Hoose Dogs. CaUlogue. Tllle, Cheater Co.. Pensa. Mention the American Bee Journal. THE BOTTOM IS OUT For the next 60 days we will sell Warranted Purely-Mated Queens At 55 cts. each; 6 for.$:j.OO. Tested, 75 cts.; 6 for $4.00. All Queens sent by return mail. Satisfaction guaranteed. Address. liEIININGER BROS.. 33Ktf FT. JENNINGS, OHIO. WHEN ANSWERING THIS AOVEHnSEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAL. 528 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. IS. bbe honey season at that date, in this locality, 8,000 pounds of comb honey is my crop from 163 colonies wintered. Spriug losses left them at Utj the first of June, when clover began to blossom. The 5-banders still hold the red card, and hold it strong for comb honey against all the races of bees that I have, and I have all the races in this country but the gray Car- niolans. The greatest number of sections any one colony gave me was SO 1-pounds nice)y filled, and some partly filled, and that was a .5bander. The next largest amount was 60 pounds, and a few partly filled, taken from a Punic colony. I have no bees nor queens to sell, so no one need apply for either. I have had the .5-banded bees under my obseryation and care for four seasons, and have watched them closely in all their peculiarities, and have yet to find one single strong colony that proved itself a loafer. My hives are large, the old Quinby, 8 frames to the hive, size of frame lli Jxlili.j inches. All can see that I have a big hive, and the big 5-banders to winter in it. Ira Baubek. De Kalb Junction, N. Y., July 22. A Big Offer to Present Snbsf iters Only ! 50 cts. Worth of Books Free! Read On! We will give to auy present regular subscriber to the Bee Journal, 50 cents' worth of the books described below for each new subscriber sent us for a year at $1.00. Send on the new sub- scribers and select the books you want. This is an easy way to get some good books. No premium will also be given to the new subscriber. Now. everybodj' bustle up I BEE-BOOKS Terribly Dry Weather. We commenced bee-keeping last spring with one colony of blacks, which have swarmed twice, but they are doing nothing at the present time, it being too terribly dry here, having had no rain since May 22. I think the American Bee Journal just the thing for beginners. Mrs. H. A. D. Manistee, Mich., July 21. A Good Word for Mignonette. I have not seen mentioned that nice little flower mignonette (Iicxala wl^jram) as a honey-plant. I think it is ahead of any- thing, where it can be grown, for my patch is constantly full of bees, no matter what other flowers may be in bloom, except lin- den. It is easily grown, particularly in moist, muggy land. There ought to be a large patch in every garden, for its fra- grance alone, not to speak about bees. It blossoms from spring until cut off by frost. Its seeds cast in the fall will start in the spring, and if kept clean from weeds for a time it will soon occupy the whole ground as the year before. F. Pistokius. Ann Arbor, Mich. Peppermint as a Honey-Plant. In answer to W. C, on page 457, in re- gard to peppermint for honey, I can state from positive experience that it will yield nectar in abundance, but no pollen. The honey is of a much finer flavor than any other I know of, and has a medicinal value for disorders of the digestive system. I am in a locality where it is raised by the hun- dreds of acres. My bees are situated so as to have access to about 500 acres of old and new mint. We have a mint distillery on our farm, and have planted five acres this spring, which will be in blossom in Septem- ber. We have been in the industry five years. The honey is clear, and far ahead of the clovers. There is nothing else which can .SENT POSTPAID BY Geore-e W. York & Co., Chica^Ot Ills. Bees and Hoaey* or Manat^eiuent uf nu Apiary for Pleasnre and Proflt. by Thomas G.Newman. — This edition has been largely rewritten, thoroughly revised, and is " fully up wUU the times " In all the Improvements and Inventions tu this rapidly-devel- oping pursuit, and presents the ajilarlst with everything that can aid In the succeestui manage- ment of an apiary, and at the same time produce the most honey In an attractive condition. It con- tains 250 pages, and 245 lUustratlons—Ia beautifully printed In the highest style of the art, and bound In cloth, gold-lettered. Price, ?1.00. r.anBrstroth on the noney-Bee, revised by Dadanl— This classic In bee-culture, has been entirely rewritten, and Is fully Illustrated. It treats of everything relating to bees and bee-keep- ing. No aplarlun library Is complete without this standard work by Rev. L. L. J.,an£8troth — the Father of American Bee-Culture. It has 520 pages; bound In cloth. Price. $1.40. Bee-K-eeper8* Onlde* or Manual of the Apiary, by Prof A. J Cook, of the Michigan Agrl* cultural CoUe^'e.— This book Is not only lustructlve and helpful as a guide In beekeeiilng. but Is Interesting and t'horoughly practical and scientific. Itcontalns a full delineation of the anatomy and phvslology of bees. 4il0 pages ; bound In cloth and fully illustrated. Price, Scientific Qiieen-RearlnB, as Practically Applied, by 0. M. Doolittle.— A method by which the very best of t-jueen-Bees are reared In perfect accord with Nature's way. Kfi pages, bound in cloth, and Illustrated. Price. $1.00. A B C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. Root.~A cyclopicdla of 4UU pages, describing everything pertainlTtg to the care of the honey-bees. It con- tains 30'J engravings. It was written especially for beginners Bound In cloth. Price, $1.25. Advanced Bee-Cultnre, Its Methods and Management, by VV. Z. Hutchinson.— The author of this work Is too well known to need further description of his book. He Is a practical and entertaining writer. You should read his book. 90 pages, bound In paper, and Illustrated. Price, 50 cts. Rational Be e-K.ee pi nu* by Dr. John Dzlerzon —This Is a translation of his latest German book on bee-culture. It has 850 pages; bound In cloth; $1.25; In paper covers. $1.00 Bleaen-EuUur, by Thomas G. Newtnan.— This Is a German translation of theprtnclpr' por- tion of the book called Bkks OF UONEY. U>. page pamphlet. Price, 40 cents. Convention Hand-Book, for BeeKeepers. Thomas G. Newman. —It contains the parliamen- tary law and rules of order for Bee-Conventions— also Constitution and By-Laws, with subjects for discussion, etc. Cloth, gold-lettered. Price, 25 cts. Amerikaiiif^ohe Bleiiciizuclit* by Hans Busehhauer.— Printed in German. A hanrt-book on bee-keeping, piving tht( methods in use by the best American and German apiarists. Illustrated; laH pages. Price. $1.00. Tliirly Years Anion;;!; Ilie Bees, by Henrv Alley.- Gives the results of over a quarter- century's e.xperience in rearing queen-beps. Very latestwurkof thekind. Nearly liHi pages. Price, 'jOc. ■>r. Howard'!^ Book on Foul Brood. —Gives the McEvoy Treatment and reviews the ex- periments uf others. Price, 2') cts. Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R. Cheshire.— Its Cause and Prevention. Price, loots. Foul Brood, hy A. R. Kohnke.— Origin. Development and Cure. Price. 2.') cts. Honey a» Food and ITIedictne, by T. G. Newman.— A :i2-page pamphlet : just the thing to create a demand tor honey ut home. Should be scattered freely. Cnntalnsrecipestor Honey-Cakes, Cookies, PuddlDgs, Foam, Wines, and uses of honey for medicine. Prices, prepaid— Single copy, 5 cts.j 10 copies, 35 cts.: 50for$1.5O: liH)for $2.5U; 250 for $5.5U; 500 forSlO.W; or lOttO for $15.00. When 2.'>0 or more are ordered, we will print the bee-keeper's card (free of costJ on the front cover page. Bnierson Binders^ made especially for the Bee JouKNAL, are convenient for preserving each number as fast us received. Not mailable to Canada. Price, 75 cts. Preparation of Honey for the Market* Including the production and care of comb and extracted honey. A chapter from BEGS AXD HoxEV. Price, 10 cents. Bee-Pasturat;e n. Necessity. — This book aug gests what and how to plan It Is a chapter froO' Bees and Hoxev. Price. 10 cents. Stvaruilugr, Bivldtng and Feeding.— Hints to beginners In apiculture. A chapter from BEBS AND HOXEY. Price. 5 cents. Bees la \f^lnter, Chaff-Packing, Bee Houses and Cellars. This la a chapter from BsBS AND HONEV. Price. 5 cents. The Hive I lise, by G. M. DooUttle. It details his management of bees, and methods Of producing- comb honey. Price, 5 cents. Commercial Calculator, by C. Ropp.— A ready Calculator. Business Arithmetic and Ac- cuunt-Book combined in one. Every farmer and businessman should have it. No, 1, bound in water proof leatherette, calf finish. Price. 4o cts. No. 2 in fine artificial leather, with pocket, silicate elate, and account-book. Price, 60 cts. Green's «ix Books on Fruit-Culture, by Chas. A. Green.— Devoted 1st, to Apple and Pear Culture; 2nd. Plum and Cherry Culture; 3rd, Rasp- berry and Blackberry Culture; 4th, Grape Culture; 5th. Strawberry Culture. 129 pp.; illustrated. 25 cts. Garden and Orchard, by Chas. A. Green. —Gives full instructions in Thinning and Marketing Fruits; Pruning. Planting and Cultivating; Spray- ing. Evaporation. Cold Storage, Etc. 04 pages, illus- trated. Price, 25 cts. Capons and Caponizlns, by Dr. Sawyer, Fanny Field, and others.— Illustrated. All about caponizing fowls, ana thus how to make the most money in poultry-raising. 64 pages. Price, ao cts. How to Propagate and Grow Fruit, by Chas. A. Green.— Brief instructions in budding, grafting and layering: also propagation of fruit trees, vines and plants. 72 pages. Price 25 cts How We Made tlie Old Farm Pay, by Chas. A. Green. —Gives his personal experience on a fruit farm which he made yield a generous for- tune. G4 pages; illustrated. Price. 25 cts. Our Poultry Boctor, or ll-^alth in the Poultry Yard and How to Cure Sick Fowla. by Fanny Field.— Everything about Poultry Diseases and their Cure. 64 pages. Price. 30 cts. Poultry for Market and Poultry for Profit, by Fanny Field.— Tells everything about the Poultry Business. 64 pages. Price, 25 cts. Turkeys for Market and Turkeys for Profit, by Fanny Field.— All about Turkey-Itftising. 64 pages. Price, 2o cts. Book Clubbing Oilers. The toUowing clubbing prices include the American Bee Journal one year with each book named. Remember, thnt only ONE book can be taken in each case with the Bee Jour- nal a year at the ivrices named. If more books are wanted see postpaid prices given with the description of the books on this page. FollowlDgis the clubbing-list: 1 Langslroth on the Honey-Bee S'MO 2. A B Cof Bee-Culture 2.00 3. Bee-Keeper's Guide 1.75 4. Bees and Honey [Cloth bound] 1.65 5. Scientific Queen-Kearlng 1.65 6. Dr. Howard's Foul Brood Book... .. 1.10 7. Advanced Bee-Culture 1.30 8. Amerikanisuhe Bieuenzucht [Germ.] 1.75 9. Blenen-Kultur [German] 1.25 10. Rational Kce-Keeping [Cloih bound] 2.00 11. Katlonal Bee-Keepiiig [Paper bound] 1.75 12. 'Thirty Years Among the Bees 1.30 13. Bee-Keeplng for Profit 1.15 14. Convention [land Book 1.15 15. Poultrv for Market and Profit. . 1.10 10. Turkeys for Market and Profit 1.10 17. Cipons and C'aponizmg 110 18. Our Poultry Doctor . 110 19. How We Made the Old Farm Pay.. . 1.15 20. Green's Six Books on Fruit-Culture . 1.15 21. Garden and Orchard 115 2'2. How to Propagate and Grow Fruit. 1.15 23. Rural Life 1.10 24. Emerson Binder for the Bee Journal, l.ot 25. Commercial Calculator. No. 1 1.S6 26. Commercial Calculator, No. 2 1.40 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 529 Biggest Premium We Ever OflFered ! THE BEE-KEEPER'S GUIDE -OR- MANUAL OF THE APIARY. BV PROF, A. J. COOK. This 15th and latest edition of Prof. Cook's magnificent book of 460 pages, in neat and substantial cloth binding, we propose to give away to our present sub- scribers, for the work of getting new subscribers for the American Bee Journal. A description of the book here is quite unnecessary — it is simply the most corn- complete scientific and practical bee-book published to-day. Fully illustrated, and all written in the most fascinating style. The author is also too well-known to the whole bee-world to require any introduction. No bee-keeper is fully equipped, or his library complete, without "The Bee-Kekper's Guide." HERE IS OUR GRAND OFFER: Send us Two New Subscribers to the Bee Journal (with $2.00), and we will mail YOU a copy of Prof. Cook's book free as a premium. No premium is also giv- en to the new subscribers, under this offer. The postpaid price of the book alone is $1.25, or we club it with the Bee Journal for a year— both together for .SI. 75. But surely anybody can get only two new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year, and thus get the book as a premium. Let everybody try for it. We want to give away 1000 copies of this book by Oct. 1. Will tou have one ? GEORGE W. TORK & CO., 56 Fifth Ave., CHICAGO, ILIiS. California % ^ % If you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers, Climate or Kesources. send for a Sample Copy of CaUfornias Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural caper of the Paclftc Coast. Published weekly, handsomely Illustrated, $2.40 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL, PRESS, 220 Market St., - SAN FRANCISCO. CAL, BEGINNERS. Beg-inners should have a copy of the Amateur Bee-Keeper, a 70-page book by Prof. J. W. Rouse. Price 25 cents; it sent by mall. 2Sc. The little book and the Progressive Bee-Keeper (a live, pro- gressive 28-page monthly journal) one year, 65o. Address any flrst-class dealer, or LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo. APIARIAN SUPPLIES ""J^^l.^^ftl. Keeper "—how to manage bees, etc.— 25 cts The "Model Coop," for hen and her brood Wyandotte, Langsban and Leghorn Fggs fot hatching. Cat, free, hit state what you want J. W. BOUSE & CO. , JUeKico, Ho. ^ BIG DROPS of water has made the vegetation. Now the sun shines — the Honey wells up — the Bees gather it, and every Bee-Keeper should have all needed Supplies at once. Catalogue Free. Tbos. C, Kewiiiaii, "'cS,°aSVll".,*"' jECTIOMS. @|EE-M|IVES. mHIPPING0jASES We make a Specialty of these Goods, and defy Competition in QXJA.IjIT-5r, ■WOR.ICXi^A.lSrSIIIF and r>K,ICE!S. }^~ Write for Free Illustrated Catalogue and Price-List, G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis. ^^ Be sure to mention the American Bee Journal when you write. _i^ be found to take first place in the honey line for lightness of color or for body or consistency, and it will not granulate as other sweets. The tall honey, as a rule, is amber in color, but with peppermint it is different, lu several of our agricultural journals, I have had published, from time to time, articles on this herb. If readers of the Bee Journal insist, I will write it up, I am a new suljscriber for the Bee Journal, and peruse its columns with diligence, I am taking off, in 1-pound sections, prin- cipally of basswood, but very little clover, from tS colonies over 400 pounds, and we had no good rain from June 38, 1894, until July IT, 1805, when we had a bountiful shower. Old mint is in bloom in July and August, It is generally cut before the bees can get much honey. Strictly speaking, old mint has been set from two to three years. New mint is set in April and harvested in Sep- tember. This same mint will be old next year, and so on. Carson Van Blakicum. Ellis, Calhoun Co., Mich., July 27'. [Mr. Van Blaricum is hereby invited to tell us all about peppermint as a honey- plant. Every bee-keeper is interested in learning all he or she can about any plant that may be profitable to grow for the honey it yields.— EniTOR. J Bees Bid Well. Bees have done well so far. Linden was splendid. I have taken an average of 60 pounds per colony of extracted honey, spring count, from 40 colonies, and in- creased 33 per cent. Wm. Malone. Newburn, Iowa, July 37. Too Dry for Bees. I have two colonies at present. My bees are doing poorly. It has been too dry here this summer for bees to do well. Last win- ter was a hard one on them ; I had 10 colo- nies then, and now have only 2. My bees have stored about 15 pounds In the upper story in 1-pound sections. W. M. Daniels, Perrysburg. Ohio, July 23. The Radish as a Honey-Plant. I notice the bees working quite exten- sively on radish bloom. It seems to me, if it is a good honey -plant, that is, one that produces considerable nectar, it would be profitable as bee-forage. The beekeepers are continually on the watch-tower for plants that would pay to cultivate for the bees, and I have noticed closely how they work on this flower. We had quite a large bed of radishes in the garden, and before we could use them the bees went to the bloom, and for the last three weeks, or a month, the blossoms have been abundant, and bees were working on them all hours of the day. The putting forth of the flower and pod of the radish is an idea worth noticing. I simply call your attention to the bloom, not imparting anything new, but calling to mind the prolific nature of the radish at the bloom age. It begins with a cluster of of blossoms something like the jessamine, and they remain for a time, then yon will 530 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 15, Honey & Beeswax Market Quotations. CHICAGO. 1 LI,., J uiie / .—We have our usual dull seaion which we look forward to and ex- pect. Ilouey is entirely forgotten durinjr the monthe of June. July and August. The mar- ket is pretty well cleaned up of all grades of boney. so the prospects are encourag-in^ for the coming season. We are getting I3@l4e. for light comb. J. A. L. CHICAGO, iLi,., July 30.— We are now hav- ing some inquiries for comb honey, and ex- pect our flrst receipts of fancy while to sell at l.Tc: No. 1 white will bring 14c.: no trou- ble to sell fancy honey; No. 2 quality sells at 10@13c.. depending upon condition. White extracted, C@7c., depending tjpon flavor; dark, o@6c. S, T, F. & Co. CHICAGO, III., Aug. 7.— Some of the new crop of comb honey has come on the market, ana we have sold same at 1.5c. There is also sale for the darker grades at 8@1 2c. Extract- ed, 5@7c.. according to quality, flavor and color. Beeswax. 25@27c. R. A. B. &. Co. CINCINNATI. O.. Aug. 7.— Demand is live- ly for new extracted and comb honey, all old honey being closed out. Arrivals are fair but insufficient for the demand. Comb honey brings 14@15c. for choice white. Extracted, 4@7c. Beeswax is in good demand at20@36c. for good to choice yellow. C. F. M. &S. KANSAS CITY, Mo., July 20.— Old stock of hone.v well cleaned up. Some new comb on the market. We quote: New comb. No. 1 ■white, 1-lbs.. 14@l.=ic.; No. 3, 12@13c.; No. 1 amber, 12t^ American Set Jov,r>ut,l Bees Non - Stinging NonSwarminff This famous strain of Yellow-Banded Bees are giving satisfaction where they have been introduced. 1 have had tnis strain in my api- ary six years, and never have had a swarm of bees from them. And in the particular colo- ny from which I am rearing Queens. I have never received a sting. Every subscriber to the American Bee Jonrnal can obtain one Warranted Queen by remitting 75 cts. Or $1.50 pays for the above beepaper and one of the finest " Adel '' Queens. TESTIMONIAL. WiLLo\v Grove, Del., July 10, 1895. Mr. H. Alley: The best queen I have came from you. The colony has stored 119 pounds comb honey from fruit bloom and crimson clover. White clover is a complete failure. J. Colbv Smith. 34Atf WENHAM, MASS. Mention theA.mer>ca7i BeeJoumoX. Ready to Mail lietween Aug. 15 and Sept. 15 — over 300 Young 5-Banded Queens, yellow to the tip, as 1 am going to double up all my Nuclei for winter. I will sell them at 30 cts. each, 11.50 per V, doz. Reference — Uosedale Bank. Kosedalo. Miss.; or Kline & Bert, or P. M. at Gunnison, Miss. Money Order Ollice and P. O.. at Gunnison. Miss. J. H. SIPIiKK, tikcrtlion the American Bee Jounuu. Contention Notices. California.— The next meeting of the Tu- lare County Bee-Keepers' Association will be held In Visalia, Aug. 14, 1895. All interested are invited. J. E. Young, Sec. Visalia, Calif. Texas.— The Texas State Bee-Keepers' As- sociation will meet at Greenville, Tex.. Aug. 21 and 22, 1895. Good premiums are offered for best exhibits. All are invited to attend. Deport, Tex. W, H. White, Sec. Illinois. — The annual meeting of the Northern Illinois Bee-Keepers' Association will be held at the residence of O. Taylor, in Harlem, III., on Tuesday, Aug. 20, 1895. All are cordially invited. B. Kennedy, Sec. New Mllford, 111. TENNE.SSEE.— The next annual meeting of the East Tennessee Bee-Kecpers' Associa- tion will be held at Mulberry Gap, Tenn., on August 10, 1895. The members are urged to attend and all bee-keepers are invited to be present. H. F Coleman, Sec. Sneedville, Tenn, Kansas,— There will be a meeting of the Southeastern Kansas Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion in Fort Scott. Kans., on Sept. 19, 1895. All are cordially invited to come and have a good time. There will be a full program. Bronson. Kans J. C. Balch, Sec. Wisconsin.— The Southwestern Wisconsin Bee-Keepers' Association will hold its next meeting at PUtteville, Wis.. Oct, 8 and 9, 1895. "Come, every one." Don't get dis- couraged if we haven't got a crop of honey. We will have a good time at Platteville. just the same Bring your wives and daughters with you. Many interesting subjects will be discussed. M. M. Rice. Sec. Boscobel. Wis. North American Bee-Keepers' ABsociatlon OFFICERS FOR 1895. Pres.— R. F. Holtermann Brantford. Out Vice-Pres.— L. D. Stilson York, Nebr Secretary.— W. Z. Hutchinson... Flint, Mich, Treasurer.— J. T. Calvert Medina, Ohio. ITatlona.1 Bee-Keepers' Union. President- Hon. R. L. Taylor . . Lapeer, Mich. Gen'l Manager- T. G. Newman, Chicago, 111. 147 South Western Avenue. Wajits or Excliajiges. This department is only for your " Wants" or bona-flde " Exchanges, " and such will be Inserted here at 10 cents a line for each time, when specially ordered into this depart- ment. Exchang-es for cash or for price-lists, or notices offering articles for sale, will not be inserted here— such belong- in thereg-ular advertising columns* at regular rates. T O EXCHANGE— Lossing'B "Civil War in America" (3 vols.i, for Honey. Address. J. C. York, Alliance, Ohio. DISHES ? i Ko need of it. The Faultless V Quaker will do it for you and A ^ave time, hands, dishes, money, k and patience;na j\ scalded hands, rl broken or chip- W ped dishes, no A muss. Washes, %0 rinces, dries and ^ Solisbes quickly. J lade of best ma- W (frial, lasts a life- /■ time. Sellntsicht. • A^:^:'llts, women or A men of honor de- mI sirine employ- T mentmayhavea ^ paying business » by writing now A for descriptive circulars and terms to agents, |p ^The QUAKER NOVELTY CO., Salem, 0. £ ."l/cntiou Uie Aincricnn Bee Jniirnr' . 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 531 QUEENS ! Now ready by return m;iil. reared in full col- onies from the best honey-gatbering strains in America, at the following very low prices: Tested each $1 .50 per ^ dozen =■00 Warranted purely-mated each ./o per i4 dozen 4.3.T '• per dozen 8.00 If vou want Queens for bii»liiess, get my old'reliable strain. 40-p. descriptive Catalog Free. W. W. CABV, Colralii, Blai-s. 27 Atf Mention the A merican Bee Journal. '#" n n — 1 n r—i n — n r—i — 1 .1 'T *" 1 _ T ^j 1 1 1 ^ . t~ — ~ — — -J -- — — ^ - fi s? ?R ^^^ ^ M ^ y W. ffi ^ JS 8 1 a Makeshift Fences Make Shiftless Farmers Not only th;it, but they have a demor- alizing effect on the live stock of the farm. Here is a sample. Three respectable looking cows, in a good sized pasture, each cow with a yoke on her neck as large as a hen-coop. Comfortable outfit for hot weather!! That farmer has evidently been monkeying with fences ".just as good as the Page." PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO.,Adrian,IVIich. Metitio'ii me American Bee ifjv.r, 87 Artesian Ave., Station D. ChiC.\go. Ii.i.. Questioj;)'Box> In the multitude of counsellors there is safety. — Prov. 11-14. Can Foul Brood Originate in Putrescent Pollen? Query 984.— Is it possible for foul brood to originate in putrescent pollen ?— Old Sixty. J. A. Green — I think not. B. Taylor — I do not know. Eugene Secor — I think not. C. H. Dibbern— I think not. E. France — No, I think not. W. R. Graham — I think not. Dr. C. C. Miller— I think not. G. M. Doolittle — I could not say. P. H. Elwood— Not without the foul- brood germs. Prof. A. J. Cook — Is it possible to raise a fig from a thistle? Chas. Dadant & Son — Not unless the germs of foul brood are there. Dr. J. P. H. Brown— Not unless the germs of the disease are present. W. G. Larrabee — Ask the foul-brood inspector, or any one that knows. Jas. A. Stone — I have never seen foul brood, and of course do not know. R. L. Taylor — No, never, unless from seed of the disease first planted there. Wm. M. Barnum — Yes ; cases of this kind have been recorded. It is well to be on the safe side — in the spring, espe- cially. H. D. Cutting — Not unless the germs of foul brood are taken there. I don't believe you will take the smallpox from the itch. Mrs. L. Harrison — I should like to an- swer the querist by asking this question: Can you produce yellow fever with small- pox virus ? Something from nothing is against Nature. Mrs. J. N. Heater — I don't know, though it is something to deal gently with. We know there are many things which produce sickness in the human family, though it may not always pro- duce smnllpojc. Allen Pringle — If you mean would it be possible for the putrescent pollen to originate the foul brood spores, I think not. If you mean might the spores find congenial lodging in the putrescent pol- len and develop there, I have my doubts about that, loo. .1. E. Pond — In my opinion, no : and I have yet to see any evidence that to my mind amounts to proof that such can be the case. The matter has been dis- cussed somewhat, and I know of but one man who makes the claim that it can, and bis opinion is of no value to myself. G. W. Demaree — I think not. Blue- grass Kentucky has never shown up a case of virulent foul brood, but I have seen dead brood that smelled to the skies. All dead animal matter will be- come " foul." But sour pollen is another thing. I would not fear its presence as much as the decaying animal matter. Rev. M. Mahin— I have never seen a case of foul brood, and do not wish to ; but I am very sure that foul brood can only originate from the spores of the bdcUli of foul brood. There is no such thing as spontaneous generation. Foul brood originates from, or is produced by, living germs, and life comes only from life. Rev. E. T. Abbott — It is not possible for foul brood to originate any place where there are no germs which cause foul brood, any more than it is for ducks to spring up spontaneously where there are no eggs. Do not think " putrescent pollen" (whatever that may mean) would furnish a good nidus for the germs. Globe Bee Veil By Mail for One Dollar. Five cross-bars are rivited In the •centre at the top. These bend down f and button to studs on a neck-band. .The bars are best llBiit spring steel. . The neckband Is hard spring brass. The netting is white wltli face-piece of black to see thrsugh. Bi It is easily put tiigether and folds loorapactly In a case, 1x6x7 Inches. ^ » " I In: whole weighing but 5 ounces. It can be worn oyer an ordinary h.at; fits any head: does not obstruct the vlsloii, and can be worn In bed without discomfort. It Is a boon to any one whon: flies bother, mosqultos bite, or bees sting. Nets, 50 ct8. each. ^F" This Veil we club with the Bee Journal tor one year— both for SI. 75; or give free as Premium for sending us 3 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at *1.00 each. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. GOLDEN QUEENS From Texas. ''^J'r'U«'^le^Ii^ as well as for Beauty and Gentleness. pw Safe arrival and reasonable satisfac- tion guarauteed. Write for Price-List. Untestecl, 7Sc— Warranted, SI. J. D. 6IVENS, ^^^.^?^TBx. 10A26 Mention the American Bee Journal. LangstrotlirHjoiiey-Bee -REVISED BY THE DADANTS- This migniflceut classic in bee-literature has been entirely re-written, and is fully illustra- ted. It treats of everything relating to bees and bee-keeping. No apiarian library is com- plete without this standard work by Rev. L. L. Langstroth— the Father of American Bee- Culture. It has .=120 pages, and is substan- tially bound in cloth. Price, postpaid. $1.40; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year— both for $2.15: or the book free as a premium for sending us 4 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at Jl each G. W. YOKK & CO., 56 5th Ave., Chicago, 111. SAVE MONEY i> ¥^l"^l.Ts^^E%%'. ITALIAN QUEENS Foundation at Wholesale Prices. Hives, suited for the South, or Sl'PPI^lES, send for Price-List— to J. P. H. BROWS, ^^^^s.:£^' Mention the American Bee Journal, TAKE NOTICE! BEFOKE placing your orders for SUP- PLIES, write for prices on 1-Piece Bass- wood Sections, Bee-Hives. Shipping -Crate?. Frames, Foundation, Smokers, etc. PAGE & LVON ]»FG. CO. NEW LONDON, WIS. Mention Oie American Bee Journal. 532 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 15, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! It Is always economy to buy the beet, espe- cially when the best cost no more than something not half so good. OUR FAL- CON SECTIONS are acknowledged to he superior to any on the market. The same Is also true ot our HIVES and BEB- KEEPEUS' SUPPLIES, of which we make all modern styles. OUK PKICES will be found as low as those of any of our competitors, and in many cases low- er, and you are always sure ot getting flrstcl'iss goods. We al'O publish THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPEK, a monthly magazine (Fifth year) at 50c. a year, in- Taluable to beginners. Large illustrated catalogue and price-list free. Address, TIIEW.T.FALCOmMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. \^- W. HI. Rerrlftli. of East Nottins:- bam, N. H., is our Eastern agent. New England customers may save freight by pur- chasing of him. What's the Use of Keepins: Bees If you do not sell the honey? That's what we aie here for. Get our high prices before sell- r. R. HORRIE Si CO., (."ommission Merchants, 224 KoiitU Water »«t., Chicago, III. 04A13 Mention the American Bee Jawrruu, I AEISE ryo SAY to the readers 1 of the BEE JOURNAL thai DOOLITTIjE has concluded to sell -BKK8 and QUEEN8- In their season, during 1895, at thefollowlns priCBB : One Colony of Italians on 9 Gallup frames, in light shipping-box $7(:k) Kive colonies 30 00 Ten Colonies 1 untested queen. 6 '* queens 12 1 tested Queen... 3 " Queens . 1 select tested queen 2 00 3 *' " Queens 5 OC Selectteeied queen, previous season's rearing . 4(mi Bxtra Selected for breeding, thb vert best. . 6 00 About a Pound of BKBS in a Two-frame Nucleus, with any Queen, »2.00 extra. BF Circular free, giving full particulars regard log the Bees and each class of Queens. Address G. M. DOOUTTLE, 12A25t BORODINO. Onon. Co., N. y. HONEY QUEENS! Have been carefully bred for producing comb honey for the past 18 years, and by a special method for producing large, long-lived, pro- lific Queens. Can furnish either a or .5 Band- ed stock, bred in separate yards. 3-Banded l>red from my own or Imported Mother. No foul brood or paralysis. Warranted Queens, purely mated, 60 els.; Tested, $1.00: Selected Breeders, *2.50. Discount on quantities. '27Atf J. H. GOOD, Nappauee, Ind. SO 00 1 00 550 10 00 tl SO 4IIII Free Silver but here's some-rlir 1011 thing better * ^* ■"" Until further notice I will furnish COmB FOUNDATION as follows : 10 lbs. Heavy or Medium Brood Fdn.$:i,50 lOlbs. Ll»ht •' a,60 10 lbs. Thin Surplus Foundation. .. 4.00 10 lbs. Extra-Thin Surplus FdD 4.50 No orders will be accepted at these prices from persons living east of New York State. For BEESWAX -fair quality, delivered here, 27c. cash ; 2!ic. in trade. W.J. Finch, Jr.,Spriiigfield, 111 28A13 Ueniiionllie AmtrUMH Bet JWamaU Abbott's Space. That "St. Joe" Hiye! Write for a Circular and Say How Many Hives You WUl Need. .\ddress. Emerson T. Ahbott, ST. JOSEPH, MO. Mcnttcm tlic Amcricmi Dee Joivmal. 8-Frame Nucleus and Italian Queen ^$2.50.- Untested ftueens, 75c.; Six for $3.50. Discount on iluaiilitles. FDLl-LmE-OF-SUPPLIES. I. J. STRiNOIIAItl, 105 Park Place. NEW YOKK. N. Y Mention the America7i Bee Jiywmal. PATENT WIRED COMB FOUPATION Han IMo Sag In Brood-Frames TIlin Flat-Kottom Foundation Bas So Fishbone in tbe Sarploa Boaey. UelD»; tbe cleanest la usaaily worked the quickest of any FonDdation made J. VAN DEIISEN Ac SONK, Sole Manufacturers, •^ornut Hronlt Vonttfomery f^n.. N T. A Tlioiisaiid Tons of Comb Honey Will be made on the Foundation sold by us this .vear. That is why ^ ^ WE NEED BEESWAX. Now is the time to order your Foundation for 1890. Allhoush the on both Beeswax and Foundation for the balance of tbe season, we want all ^ The Beeswax You Have to Offer. ^F" Send for Catalogue of Bee-Supplies, liaugslrolli Itevlsed, ele. CHAS. DADANT & SON, Mtviwn the. A.mencan Bee JmirnoA. HAMILTON, Hancock Co., ILIi. Hill Bee-Feeders. We have a few of the Hill Bee-Feeders on hand. which we mail, prepaid. 2 lor 40c. Or V2 bv express for $1.50 —6 for 80c. We will send 2 postpaid with the Bee Journal for a year, for $1 .25. oi- give two Feeders as a Premium lor sendlnsr us One New Sub- scriber to the Bee Journal, with »1.i 0. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. Your Beeswax Exchanged UNTIL FUKTHKK NOTICE:, we will allow .'JO cents per pound for Good Yel- low Beeswax, delivered at our office— io ex- f-liaui^e for Subscription to the Bee Jouhnal. for BO'ks. or anything- that we otfer for sale in the Bee Journal. In thus exchanging', we cannot afiford to allow any Club Kate prices. Always ship tbe Wax by Express, and pre- pay the chargres; also put your name and address on the package to avoid mistakes. GEORGE W. ^ORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. IT TELLS ITS OWN STORY ! We are receiving hundreds of Testimonials speaking of the Hig^h Quality of the gnod.s that are turned out by us ; but we have space for and re- produce on the advertising pages of the various bee-periodicals only a very few. In addition to the one already given recently, here is one that tells its own story: The a. 1. Root Co. :— I must compliment you on the degree of perfection to which you have a'tained in the manufacture of bee-supplies. I have been, as you may know, in tbe bee- business for about 20 years; and during- that time 1 have obtained my supplies from many manufacturers, north and south. b"t have not found any that would compare favorably with tbe goods made and sold bv you. either in quality of material used or in workmanship, so I have settled back permaneutly on the A. \. Root Co. as my base of supplies. Eddy, N. Mex. J- Si.noleton. We are making preparations to nearly double our capacity for turning out goods ; and do you wonder at it after reading such letters as the above ? Send to the A. I. Root Co. for large, illustrated catalog. N. B.— SHIPPING PACKAGES for both comb and extracted hoaey on hand ready for prompt shipment. tlentlmi Oie American Bee JowniaL. The A. I. ROOT CO., medioa, O. PUBUSHEO EVERY WEEK ^BRICAJ^ AT $1.00 PER ANNUMi ^L-^ 35th Year. CHICAGO, ILL., AUG. 22, 1895. No. 34. Coj;)tributed /Vrticles> Oa Important AplarJaa Subjects. Best Capacity and Shape for Brood-Chaitibers, and How Obtained. BY C. W. DAYTON. In 3 882, in my apiary in Iowa were 120 brood-chambers 3,466 cubic inches in capacity, and carrying 16 Gallup frames 11 Kxl 1 Ji inches. The inside measure of this hive was one foot in depth and width, and 24 inches in length. It was designed to run the whole number of combs for brood- rearing up to the opening of the honey harvest, when an upper story was supposed to be necessary for the accommodation of eitractlng-combs. Or, where the colony was operated for comb honey, the least occupied combs were taken out and the space in the ends of the hive filled with 2-pound sections. Two-pound sections being six inches square, four of them ex- actly Otted theend of the hive when set upon the bottom- board. I have often wondered why the Gallup hive or frame was devised. Because the hive could be constructed of 12- inch lumber, or because the hive was the width and depth of two 2-pouud sections, or what ? Well do I remember the failure of the queen to fill to my satisfaction all the 16 frames. Then I thought the brood needed spreading. Ths result of much spreading was brood scattered and thinly disposed in many combs, so that much of It chilled in the cold nights. After three years' use it was found that not more than one-half of the colonies would be- come populous enough to require an upper story, if the honey was extracted and not allowed to accumulate in the lower story. At this time the ends of the hives were sawed off to reduce the number of combs to 12. After a couple of seasons' use, the brood-chambers were decided to be still too large. There continued to be from three to six combs of honey in- stead of brood in the lower story. The honey was wanted in the upper story. Again the hives were sawed off, reducing the number of frames to nine. This brood-chamber contained 2,088 cubic inches. That sized brood-chamber was continued for several seasons following, with perfect satisfaction, so far as slie was concerned — the lower story contained the brood In compact form, and the super story caught nearly all the honey whenever the honey-fiow was of consequence. Yet attention was required to provide sufficient winter stores. This was done by the insertion of full cOmbs of honey reserved at ex- tracting time. This procedure causes a little more labor at thetinieof preparing the colonies for winter, but it is far more than balanced by our being able to avoid unnecessary combs of honey in the hives during the busy season. About one queen in 40 appears to want two stories for brood, but I believe that such brood when compactly disposed can nearly always be contained in the lower story. In 1889 I began to look favorably toward the production of comb honey in 4}tj-inch frames to the liive fur three seasons, I believe that the colonies become as strong as with the \~% frame. If it was calculated to have winter stores in the endt, of the long frames, or in the side combs, I should want at least 12 of tliem. I have arrived at the 2,000 cubic inches capacity of the brood-chamber, from two starting points in the past \'i year'', by cutting down and trimmina off the useless em uuibrauces. For winter, or for an abundance of stores at any emer- gency, a half-depth story remains upon the hives, and the honey is nearly all kept in it. Bees readily enter and replen- ish a receptacle from which tliey are ai-custompd to obtaining their daily rations. With this super there it is always ready to catch a small run of surplus, and enables the surplus re- ceptacles to be placed very near to the brood. The briiod- chamber is 14 Jf inches square by 145f Inches deep, forming an almost perfect cube. Florence, Calif. A Plea for Extending the Honey-Resources. BY J. A. GOLDEN. The terrible drouth we have had in this locality has com- pletely blasted all hopes for any surplus, unless a fall flow comes, of which we have but little hopes from present indica- tions. The basswood was so heavy with bloom that It seemed the limbs would break from the trees, and for three days I never *aw so many bees work on them before at one time, but the drouth was too much for them, and the bloom was of but short duration. The white clover was so badly dried up that scarcely a bloom could be seen even along the water-courses. The tulip, or poplar, yielded fairly well, but was soon dried np. The sumac would have been all that could be desired, conid we have had one or two good showers during its bloom, but like- wise it had to follow In the same line, and unless we have otiier sources from which bees can procure nectar throughont this location, bee-keepers will have to look for other fields, or abandon the bee-business. It seems that the farmers in this southeastern part of Ohio have had but little desire to sow Alsike, crimson or alfalfa clovers. Having read Frank Coverdale's letter on Alsike clover, published in the bee-papers some time ago, I had it republished in our county paper, with my own remarks, thinking to induce some of our farmers to make trial experi- ments, from which several farmers became anxious to sow the Alsike, but withheld on account of the drouth. Wishing to know more about the cultivating of Alsike clovor than Mr. Coverdale gave in his article, I wrote him for full particulars for publication, to which he kindly responded, and I had It published, and if next year should be favorable for seed sow- ing, there will be quite a little sown in this section, as I be- lieve every farmer that got a copy of the Coverdale article has preserved it, so far as I have inquired, and if bee-keepers ill localities where the honey-sources are fast disappearing, don't make some effort to encourage and induce the farmers to grow honey-producing plants or grasses, the profits from honey in such localities will be small. W.onld it not be wisdom for bee-keepers to have more knowledge like Mr. Coverdale gave on Alsike clover, as a profitable investment, spread upon our county papers from time to time? Thus hundreds of farmers would be encour- aged to raise the new grasses to their well deserved profit, as well as procuring a bountiful supply of the most healthful sweets that God has deigned to bestow upon man. Then, beekeepers, let us not staud idly by and see the bee-industry die for the want of honey sources, but step to the rescue, even to purchasing the seed, if need be, and thus as- sist to our own good. This is not only right, but our duty as well. Tnere are hundreds of farmers who, if presented with a few pounds of seed, would gladly accept it, aud give the matter of its production their most careful attention, and soon the waste-places all over our country would bloom for onr bees to revel in, and make glad many a bee-keeper's hear*. Keinersville, Ohio, July 29. Honey- Production Around the City of Pklla- delphia, Pa. Head before the Philadelphia Bee-Keepers' A»sociaiio» BY F. HAHMAN, JR. I do not consider myself quite equal to the task of wrItlRg on this subject, but I will give such data and figures about the amount of honey produced in this section, as the facts Iu the case appear to me from such observation as I have been able to make. We all know that Philadelphia is not an especially good honey market compared with other cities, this fact being mainly due to the lack of enterprise shown by the bee-keepers themselves. The honey handled by the wholesale dealers and commission houses is all shipped to the city from a distance ; while the honey produced in the vicinity of the city Is all sold directly to the consumer by the producer. The amount of honey, both comb and extracted, produced within a radius of 12 miles of Philadelphia is abont 22,500 pounds, in round numbers. This calculation Is based oa the 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 535 product of 1,5(^0 colonies, with an averaseof 15 pounds per colony. It is difficult to esliniale exactly how many colonies are actually kept within the above radius, but from various inquiries among the bee-kfepers, and from personal observa- tions, I find that 1,500 colonies to be abi>ut the number kept. The average of 15 pounds per colony represents the actual production very closely. The average anaount of honey produced around Philadel- phia by those erauloying the latest improved hive.s and appara- tus, and managing their bees carefully, is from '25 to 50 pounds of comb honey, or from 40 to 75 pounds of extracted honey per colony ; naturally there are exceptions to this rule, some of the bee-keepers obtaining laiger returns, duo to an extra amount of energy and skill on their part ; occasionally large yields are gathered as the result of an abundatit yield of nectar by the flowers; such yields are aualagous to a good year for farm crops, or a good fruit year, and occur at inter- vals of five or ten years apart ; in estimating the returns re- ceived from the bees, these extra-good seasons do not increase the ratio of average production, on account of being counter- balanced by an occasional year when the honey crop is a fail- ure, when the flowers secrete little or perhaps no nectar what- ever. I believe a safe estimate for the production around this section, so far as comb honey is concerned, is about 25 pounds per colony during the regular honey-Pow In May and June ; and to this wo can frequently add about 15 pounds during the fall months, making a total of 40 pounds; allowing each colony to provide its winter stores in addition to the above. At this point I wish to call attention to the fact that some extra-strong colonies will gather 60, 70, oreven more, pounds of surplus honey in a season, but to bring the overage of a whole apiary, including the weaker colonies, to 40 pounds, requires extra-good management. The price received for this honey by the Philadelphia bee- keeper is about 15 cents per pound ; many receive more, how- ever, and that is usu.illy the result of shrewd business talent ; but 15 cents represents the selling price at which we can dis- pose of our honey readily, and in quantity if neces-iary ; hence we find that our returns are about $6.00 per colony, as the result of considerable hard work. The production of extracted honey will yield a somewhat larger cash return per colony, where the bee-keeper is able to readily dispose of the same at 10 cents per pound, but it is diffliult to sell large quantities of extracted honey, except at a price yielding no profit to the producer. The quality of the honey gathered in the Phildelphia dis- trict Is good, generally speaking ; it is not of the superior am- ber shade of basswood honey, nor quite so flne flavored as the white clover honey of our Western States ; but it is far supe- rior in taste to the light-colored basswood honey, consigned to our city from the large apiaries of New York and Vermont, which is considered by our wholesale dealers the acme of all honey-production. The consumer of honey will prefer our home-produced article, to the vaunted basswood honey, after one trial in nearly every instance. The source of our flow of honey during June is white clover, with the admixture of nectar from several trees, bloom- ing about the same time ; such as the tulip tree, basswood, catalpa, honey-locust and others; also the honey from the blossoms of the onion, which is extensively cultivated in the market gardens around the city, some of these giving the honey a darker color, and a slightly different flavor from pure white clover honey. The sources of this dark honey some- times fall, and we have at such times obtained fine white clover honey without any admixture. The honey gathered on the opposite side of the Delaware, in New Jersey, is generally of this kind, because the honey-yielding trees do not abound there. The honey gathered during August and September is principally from buckwheat, and enough honey from asters and guldenrod to take away the rank flavor of pure buckwheat honey. During some seasons the fall flowers, particularly asters, yield so abundanlly that but little buckwheat honey is stored, the honey being equal in flavor and appearance to the early summer crop. We frequently read in the bee-journals how to prepare our comb honey in attractive shape for the market, and it Is well for all of us to gradeour honey carefully. Beautiful white section-boxes, nicely capped, without any leaks, should always be sorted to themseUes, and will at all times command a fancy price; while a second grade of darker honey, and boxes with some few cells not capped over, can be sold somewhat cheaper, and will therefore find a ready sale. We can also have a third quality of comb honey, such sections as the bee-keepers from a distance can never send to market — sections that are not fully capped over, perhaps rne-fourth of the cells remaining uncapped; it Is always more profitable to sell this kind of honey than to hold it over for the bees to finish the following season ; the remuneration obtained for it will be perhaps not much over half of that obtained for first-class honey, but it will help to swell the general income from the bees, and form an item which the bee-keeper, who ships his honey to a dis- tant market, can never take advantage of. Unless I am greatly mistaken, there are no bee-keepers around Philadelphia who make honey-production an exclusive business as a means of gaining a livelihood, and I do not think that the production of honey holds out sufficient Inducement to a live, energetic man to engage in, with the above end in view ; but as an auxiliary branch it certainly offers a rich field to all of the near-by farmers, who attend the retail mar- kets of pur city and dispose of their farm products direct to the consumer. Vast quantities of honey could thus be sold, netting the producer the highest possible return, and ma- terially augmenting the income of our rural population. If comb honey were thus displayed for saleon the farmer's stalls, the conditions of a poor demand for honey would soon fade away, and give place to an ever-increasing demand for good honey produced in our immediate neighborhood. The price realized by the farmer would always remain at the top notch, nor need he ever fear the competition of the large honey-producers who ship to the city from a distance, any more than he fears the inroads on his trade of the egg and butter dealers, who sell cheaper than he does; he always manages to sell his produce of that kind at a little higher figure than the dealers ask for theirs. To secure a good supply of honey, it is necessary to stimu- late the bees early in the season, ensuring plenty of worker- bees when the honey harvest arrives. Mr. G. M. Doolittle has contributed many excellent articles on the production of comb honey ; one of his methods is to have all swarming over before the large basswood honey-flow arrives. All his colo- nies that have not swarmed up to the beginning of the bass- wood flow, are "swarmed " artificially. Mr. Doolittle's plan is to have the colonies in the utmost populous condition dur- ing the honey-flow ; in this lies the secret of harvesting large crops of honey, as Mr. Doolittle's success in that line has amply proven. Philadelphia, Pa. Five-Baaded Bees — Preventing Swarming. BT BEV. W. P. FATLOR. Having had a good deal to do with the very yellow bees, and after spending much money, time and labor to propagate them ; and having tried them from every source obtainable — from the East, West, North and South — I have been requested to give my opinion of them. I have hesitated to do so, for fear of trampling upon somebody's feet, but what I shall 536 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 22, have to say is on my own line of experience, and is presented with the best wishes to all bee-keepers. I obtained my first 5-banded bees from L L. Hearn, but in a very short lime I learned that G. M. DoolitUe had given Mr. Hearn his start in these bees. Mr. Hearn's bees proved to be.unprofitable, and so the next queens were obtained from the author of "Scientific Queen-Rearing." The first queen I obtained Mr. Doolittle had named " Dandy," for which I paid $6.00. I introduced her to hatching brood, as the weather was warm, and everything seemed favorable for a colony of " goldens," as I added a few more frames of hatching brood ; but what viras my surprise in a couple of weeks to find this fancy queen failing. I then put her into a nucleus and kept her colony weak until autumn. Early in October 1 put her nucleus in a chaff hive, and gave her plenty of good combs with nice, sealed honey, and brood hatching, from a good hearty colony, and as I knew the bees would not expect much from their queen during the winter, 1 left them severely alone until early in the spring. On opening the hive I found a young queen and "Dandy" still at large in the hive. I lifted out a comb with "Dandy" and adhering bees, making a weak nucleus. lu three weeks " Dandy " had disappeared, and three queen-cells were started. These were given to a strong colony, made queenless, to feed and complete the cells. Mr. Doolittle sent another to replace her. That was very kind in him, but the second one never filled more than three or four Lingstroth frames with brood ; and from this queen, and the three reared from " Dandy," I reared 29 queens, nearly all of which I sold for $2.00 for choice, and $3.00 for the selected or very best. Some of these queens were sent to Canada, and some to Pennsylvania, some South and West. Some of the old readers will remember that I sent the samples of bees to Thomas G. Newman, the then editor of the American Bee Journal. The bees sent showed the sixth yellow segment. Of course these were picked bees. So far as I can know, and have knowledge, not one of these reared fancy queens produced bees that were hardy enough to come through the winter without adding black stock. My next breeder was a very yellow one from .T. D. Givens, of Texas. This queen kept two or three combs fairly stocked with brood and eggs for about three months, and then was superseded by the bees. I keep bees partly for pleasure and study, and took a fancy to the yellow color ; but now I am about dead to the "goldens," though it was a bard death to die. Last autumn I ordered one more of these queens from Mr. Wood, of Massachusetts, and one from the famous breeder of these bees in Maryland. I gave each plenty of combs with late hatching bees from hardy blacks — these were packed in a long chaff box containing 11 colonies. One of these colonies died early in the winter. The other was about fizzled when I unpacked them In the spring. The queen was yet alive, and a few black bees, but not a single yellow bee lived through the winter. But the greatest fault I find with them is the unprolific- ness of the queens. I never had a colony of them to get popu- lous enough to get the swarming-fever. When these queens mate with hybrid drones, they are some belter, but all in all the " goldens " ought to soon be a thing of the past, unless they can be improved in some way. THE PREVENTION OF SWARMING. To keep bees from swarming, I practice the following method : 1. I keep the drone-brood shaved out. Bees will swarm with but few drones, but they are sure to swarm when crowded with drones. 2. When the colony begins to get strong, I put a couple of the middle combs on the outside, and the two outside combs in the place of the two middle ones removed, then remove two more of the middle combs, and in their place put two empty combs. Now the bees will begin to think they are not quite ready to rear drones and young queens. 3. Raising the entire brood-chamber by placing a piece of lath under each co'rner of the hive or brood-body, so that the air can freely circulate under the entire cluster of bees, is the be.^t preventive of swarming of any one thing that can be done. I believe I am the first to make mention of this through the American Bee .Tourual. I have often discouraged swarming even after queen-cells had been started, by simply raising the brood-chamber a fourth of an inch from the bot- tom-board '; and with what a rush will the bees crowd into the upper apartments when this Is done ! Updegraff, Iowa. Czir)zidizir) Bccdon)^ Tlio Nortli American Bee-Kccpers' Association. The July number of the Bee-Keepers' Review is chiefly devoted to a consideration of the above-named organization. In commenting on one of the articles, the editor says : "Affil- iation was done away with at the last annual meeting." This will be news to many. But as no full report of the last an- nual meeting has yet been given to the public, only those who were actually present can be expected to know what business was done. It is to be hoped that the Secretary will see to It that tht Constitution and Rules now in force are printed for consultation by the members. Otherwise they will be like moles, working in the dark. [The Constitution as revised at the last annual meeting was published on page 60 of the American Bee Journal for Jan. 24, 1895.— Editor.] Mr. W. A. Chrysler. W, A. Chrysler, whose picture is shown on the first page this week, was born Nov. 14, 1863, in the Province of Que- bec, Canada, and at an early age moved to the Province of Ontario with bis parents and settled on a farm near Chatham. His time was spent at practical farming and obtaining a fair business college and high school education. When about 17 years of age he took the " bee-fever " very badly, as some call it, and he has had it ever since, with no let-up. Soon after embarking in the bee-business (having wheels jn his head) he began making some of his own supplies, not that he could not buy them cheap enough, but it was, and is, his special delight to work with machinery as well as with the honey-bee. He made most of his machinery and learned to operate it by practical experience. People looked to him for supplies and he naturally drifted Into the supply business in connection with the bee-business. Mr. Chrysler takes special delight in attending bee-keepers' conventions, and no doubt will be on hand at the Toronto mooting of the North American. The Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association, at its last meeting, elected him as one of its Directors. He has been married nearly five years, and has one of the best of wives and two bright children — a girl and a boy. Uouey-Producers and Apiculturai Organizations. In giving his opinion about apiculturai organizations in the July Review, Mr. James Heddon says one weak condition in connection with them is that the leaders have not been honey-producers, consequently they were not filled with &pi- 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 537 cultural, enthusiasm. The term " honey-producers " Is here meant to Indicate people who get their livelihood by keeping bees. Strictly speaking, all who keep bees are honey-pro- ducers in a greater or less degree. Even those who keep bees as a scientific pastime get some honey, and are therefore in a sense honey-producers. At the very outset Mr. Heddon makes an Incorrect state- ment, which I boldly deny. He says the leaders in our apl- cultural organizations have not been honey-producers. I as- sert, on the contrary, that even in the sense of making a business of honey-production, the leaders in these organiza- tions have been of that class, and I appeal to the records of membership for proof of what I say. In answering the question what caused these non-honey- producers to attend conventions and seek a leading position there, he says: "Some de-*ired to be seen." How does he know that ? Did any of them confess to him that this was their motive ? Not likely. Others, he says, had axes to grind. Again, how does he know? He could only suspect, and was be not open to suspicion himself with his pollen theory, his new hive, and other contraptions ? He says further, that these men had some money speculation in view. Suppose they had. If It was honest speculation, there was no harm in that. Why, Mr. Heddon's only object in bee-keeping is to make all the money he can at it. There are some bee-keepers who pursue the business for scientific purposes, or for the pub- lic good. Mr. Heddon is not of that number. He despises all such, and is never tired of pouring contempt on them. He is the last man who should complain of a bee-keeper who goes to a convention to make a little money. He never went to one himself for any other purpose. Time and again he has as- serted that he takes no interest In any phase of bee-keeping except for the money there is in it. Mr. Heddon enumerates as the prominent ones at conven- tions : " Preachers, professors, publishers, supply dealers, and a few side-issue bee-keepers, who have been at the front as leaders because of their energies to get there, and the fool- ishness of bee-keepers to assist them." Let us look at the classes here specified, for a moment. 1. "Preachers." Mr. Heddon may kick at the fact as much as he pleases, but he cannot set rid of it as a fact that there is no class who have rendered bee-keeping more substantial service than "preach- ers." If there were only one name of this class to mention, that of Langstroth should be enough to protect it from indig- nity and crown it with honor. But there is a long list of such names, and those which have been connected with apicultural conventions have been no discredit to them. " Some preachers can talk well," Mr. Heddon admits, as if what they said were all talk. Is this honest truth or unfounded slander ? Mr. Heddon next pays his respects to " professors." In all the history of our conventions, I can only now think of two "professors:" Prof. KIrtland, who originated the first api- cultural convention held In North America, and Prof. A. J. Cook, who certainly doesn't play second fiddle to Mr. Heddon or any other live bee-keeper on the continent. 3. "Pub- lishers"— who certainly had a right to be there to report the proceedings. 4. "Supply-dealers" — whose business naturally and properly took them there. 5. "A few side-Issue b^- keepers." Why, the vast majority of bee-keepers are of this class. There are liOt half-a-dozen honey producers in Mr. Heddon's exclusive sense on the face of the earth. He is not one himself. Yet he says, " First, give us honey-producers, and then give us the best speakers and writers, from among that class." The italics are his. The thing Is absurd on the very face of it. See how it would work in other directions. Would you exclude all but teamsters, cab-drivers and such as handle horses for a living, from Horse Associations? Would you exclude all but farmers from the management of Agricultural Associations ? We have "the greatest show on earth " of this kind here in Canada. If you doubt this, come and see it when the North American bee-keepers meet in Toronto, next month. That great Indus- trial Fair was gotten up by business men, and has been run by such from the beginning until now. Mr. Heddon says " the organizers and manipulators of our associations are pos- sessed of too much theoretical talent;" but a man may be a good, practical bee-keeper, and yet have no talent as an organ- izer or manipulator. Mr. Heddon has no talent of this kind himself, or he would have shown It before now. He has had chances enough. He says : " Put your preachers, professors, and most of your literary bee- keepers, back on the back-seats, where they can learn something practical," etc. Yes ; get on a hustle, and make a big procession of them — Father Langstroth at the head, and Professor Cook following closely at his heels, other preachers, professors, and most of your literary bee-keepers "comin' arter," and see what a motley crowd you will have left, Mr. Heddon rallying them with a Salvation Army drum, to save the precious remnant — the " righteous few " who have no taint of preaching, professional or literary work upon them. Mr. Heddon is a nice man to be embarking in this kind of crusade. He undertook, all-sufficient practical bee- keeper that he is, to play a lone hand with a very modest literary venture, a bee-quarterly, no less. He would have no literary help — not he. He would "do it all himself, person- ally." Well, he has gotten out six numbers, and in the last makes the following humble confession : "Now we begin to see that unless we make some kind of a change, we cannot fill our four large pages with really use- ful editorial matter many more issues, and we may be com- pelled to accept correspondence, and will be very glad to test our skill in selecting writers whose advices if followed will lead the readers on to success. We may also add some of our best original matter on some other subject, but at all events we shall endeavor to overlook nothing of value that appears in our bee-literature and observation." Poor man ! He may " be compelled to accept correspond- ence." Who will furnish it ? No self-respecting literary bee- keeper, surely, after the contempt and derision Mr. Heddon has poured on this class of writers. N. B. — There has been great mortality among bee-periodicals. Most of them have failed for want of money. But this one Is i?i arttcu!o mortte for want of brains ! In six quarterly issues this prolific writer has actually run out of topics ! Not only is he afraid he will be "compelled to accept correspondence," but may have to " add some of our best original matter on some other subject." Well, whatever you do, Mr. H., don't follow A. I. Root's ex- ample and give us a sermon, because then you would rank among the preachers. Besides, the kind of discourse you would give would be like the plantation darkey's sermon on pig and chicken stealing — it would " bring a coldness over the meetin'." If it be thought by any uader that this article is rather caustic, my apology shall be in Mr. Heddon's own words in the Review article I have been criticizing. They are as fol- lows : " Please excuse the plain and frank style of this essay, but you asked me for it and you have it. As you know, I am a very plain and outspoken man, but I mean well. I like to be talked to iu the same way. And when I am wrong that kind of talk does me much good." The last sentence Is particularly gratifying. I am quite sure Mr. Heddon is wrong this time, and it is a great satisfac- tion to know that when he is so, it does him good to handle him without gloves. If he shows due Improvement in the present case, I shall be encouraged to do it "some more." 'I'liut Mew Siuiig: — •• Queenie Jeanette" — which is being sung everywhere, we can send you for 40 cents, postpaid, or club it with the American Uee Journal for one year — both for only $1.10. Or, send us one new subscriber for a year (with $1.00), and we will mail you a copy of the song free. 538 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. S2, CONDUCTED BY OR. O. C. MIKLIiK. MA.REKGO, ILI^. [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct.! Hiving a Swarm that Settled on the Grass. Please tell how to hive a swariu of bees that has fettled Iti the grass. J. S. Y. Answer. — The handipst thing in the world. Jiist set a hive on tlie ground near them, or over them, and let them run into it. If they don't K ) in fast enough to suit you, blow a little smoke on them. Five-Banded Queen and Black Drone. Will a 5-bandpd golden Italian queen, mated to a, black drone, produce all 3-banded bees? If so, will they pass for pure Italians ? P. W. Answer. — I don't think you would find such uniformity, but would likely find the offspring varying from very yellow to black. Variations of the Lang'stroth Frames. I have 12 8-frame hives that I bought, all one size ; they are the pattern that was used here some years ago, and they winter bees well. 1. What is the name of a frame 15 inches long and 103^ deep, wiih V-shaped top-bar for comb foundation ? 2. Wliere can they be obtained '? J. E. T. Orleans, Mich. Answer. — I don't know. There are so many variations of the Laugstroth frame it would be hard to keep track of them all. m — ■ ^1 Sweet and Crimson Clovers. 1. When is the right time to sow sweet clover seed, and how much per acre? 2. Is crimson clover a success for bee-men ? Gracey, Ky. J. G. N. Answers. — 1. Sweet clover can be sown as thickly as red clover, although half as much seed will do, and it can be sown at the same time. Possibly it may do best to be sown in llie fall, on hard ground, where it will be trodden In by horses or cows. 2. Crimson clover has hardly a settled reputation as yet, but the claim is made for it that it is a fine honey-plant. Ijaying-Workers Again. On July 5 a little girl here found a swarm of bees on a bush, and put them into a nail-keg. On the 16th I bought them of bpr, and put them into i^^ew hive with foundation in four frames. Upon traiisferring'them I found that they had comb enough built to contain five or six pounds of honey, and about half of it filled, and some with bee-bread, but not a sign of an egg anywhere. 1 looked tliern over carefully, and could not find a queen, but found a bee that looked something like a small drone— a very large worker, with wings very ragged on the ends and edges, and seemed to be nuable to By much. I called it a drone, ar.d immediately sent for a queen, and she came on the 19ih ; I introduced her in the regular way. This morning 1 watched them, and th'-y seemed to be at work, bringing both lioney and pollen. This afternoon being 48 hours after introducii.g, 1 thought I would see what she was doing, and found they had hardly begun to let her out, so I thought 1 would examine the frames anepers Might Receive More Benefit from the Experiment Stations. P. A. Oeminill, Stratford. Out.— Who Shall Winter Bees Out-of- Doors ; Who in the Cellar ? Dr. J. P. H. IJrown, Augusta, Ga.— What is Indicated by Color in Italian Bees ? Jan.es Heddon, Dowagiac, Mirh— The Proper Size of a Brood-Nest, and How It Shall be Decided. B. Taylor, Forestville, Minn.— The Surest and Best Way of Producing a Crop of Comb Honey. O. M, D.Hililtle, Borodino, N. Y.— Some Things of Interest to Bee-Keepers. R. McKuight, Owen Sound, Ont.— Legislation for Bee- Keepers. Flint, Mich. W. Z. Hutchinson, Sec. 544 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 22, A Big Offer to Present Subscribers Only ! 50 cts. Worth, of Books Free! Read On! We will give to any present regular subscriber to the Bee Journal. 50 cents' worth of the books described lelow for each new subscriber sent us for a year at $1.00. Send on tbe new sub- scribers ai>d select tbe books you want. This Is an easy way to get some good books. No premium will also be given to the new subscriber. Now, everybody hustle up ! V^ 1^ pB V^ ^^k ^^k %W ^% I Preparation of Hooey for the ICarfeet, MK ki Hi ■ P^ 1919 P^ ^^ iDcludlQ*; tue piuduetlun uDd care of comb and ^^ ^M ^H ^^ ^^# ^^F Im ^^ I extruded Uuney. A cbapter from Bees asu ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ HoxEV. Price. 10 cents. SENT POSTPAID BV I „ — .. _ i Bee-Pu«turase a ^eceaalty. — This book sag /^or*Y»rro TXT "Vnvlr /^ C^.r\ gests what and imw to plau Ills a cbapter froo UreOIi^C VV . XUlJiCt ^U., bees and Uonev. Price. 10 ccDta. Chicago. lUs. Swarmlaff, DlvldlaK and Feedlnflr.— Blots to bexlDDers la apicutture. A chapter from Bs&S Axu UoxEV. Price, o cents. Bees Id "Winter, Chaff-Packing, Bee Hoases and Celiars. This Is a chapter from BEK3 AND HONEV. Price. 5 cents. Tbe Hive I Cse, by G- M. Doolittle. It details his management of bees, and methods of producing comb houey. Price. 5 cents. €omm<»rcial Calcnlator, by C. Ropp — A rea'iy Calcul«tor. Busine?B Ariihmelic and Af^ connt-Book combine'l in one. Every farmer and bugine&smiin sh"uld have it. N*^. 1, boumi in water proof leathereite. calf dnish. Price. 4" cts. No. 2 in tine artificial leather, with pocket, silicate slate, and account-book. Price, 6u cts. Green's «1x Boohs on Frnli-rnllnre, by Chas. A. Green.—Devoted 1st. i^i Apple and Pear r'ulture; 2d<1. Plum anil Cherry Cu'mre; 3rd. Rasp- berry and Kla' bberry Culture: 4th. Grape initure; Stb. Strawberry Culture. 129 pp.; illastrated. 2.5 cts. Garden and Ori'liard, by Tbas. A. Green. —Gives full instructions in Thinning and Marketing Fruits; Pruning. Planting and Cultivating; Spray- ing. Evaporation. Cold Storage, Ett. 94 pages, illus- trated. Price, 25 cts. Capons and Caponizlnsr^ by Dr. Sawyer. P'anny Field, and others.— Illustratisd. All about capoDizing f> wis, ano thus how to make the most money in poultry-raising. 64 pages. Price. 3u cts. ITow lo Propasrate and Grow Frnit, by Chas. A. Green.— Brief instructions in budding, grafting and layering, also propagation of fruit trees, vines and plants. 72 pages. Price 25 eta Ifow We .Hade Ihe Old Farm Pay, by Chas. A. Green.— Gives his personal experience on a fruit larm which he made yield a generous for- tune. 64 pages, illustrated. Price, 25 cts. Onr Poultry Doctor, or Health in the Poultry Yard and How to Cure Sick Fowls, by Fanny Field.— Everything about Poultry Diseases aed their Cure. 64 pages. Price. S-j cts. Poultry for ;narket and Poultry for Profit, bv Fanny Field.— Tells everything about the Poultry Business. 64 pages. Price, 25 cts. Turkeys for Ttfarbet and Turkeys for Profit, by Fanny Field.- All about Turkey-Baising. 64 pages. Price, 25 cts. Bees and Honey, or Management of an Apiary for Pleasure and Prodt. by Thomas G. Newman. — This edition has been largely rewritten, thoroughly revised, and Is '• fully up with the times " in all the ' ImprovemeDts and Inventions In this rapldly-devel- oplng pursuit, and presents the apiarist with everything that can aid In the successful manaee- ment of an apiary, and at the aame time produce the most honey la an attractive condition. It con- tains 250 pages, and 245 Illustrations — Is beautifully printed In the httrhest stvle of the art, and bound In cloth, gold-lettered. Price. 81.00. Lanerstroth en the Honey-Bee, revised hy Dadaut- This classic in bee-culture, has been entirely re- written, and Is fully Illustrated. It treats of everything relating to bees and bee-keep- ing. No apiarian library Is complete without this standard work by Rev. L. L. l,angBtroth — the Father of American Bee Culture. It has 520 pages; bound Id cloth. Price, SI. 40. Bee*K.eepers' Gnlde* or Manual of the Apiary, by Prof A. J Cook, of the Michigan Agri- cultural College.— This book Is not only Instructive and helpful as a guide In bee-keei'lnir. but Is Interesting and thoroughly practical and scientific. It contains a full delineation of theanatomy and physloloffv of bees. 4*-0 pages ; bound in cloth and fully lUustrated. Price. Scientific Queen-Rearlngr, as Practically Applied, by G. M. Doollttle.— A method by which the very best of (,>ueen-Bees are reared in perfect accord wUh Nature's way. IT'i pages, bound Id Cloth, and lUustrated. Price. fl.OO. A. B C of Bee-Cultnre, by A. I. Root.— A cyclopedia of ItO pages, describing everything pertaining to the care of the honey-bees. It con- tains iJOJengravlny^s. It was written especially for beginners Bound In cloth. Price, $1.25. Advanced Bee-Caltnre. Its Methods and Management, by \V. Z. Hutchinson.- The author of this work Is too well known to need further description of bis book. He Is a practical and entertaining writer. Tou should read his book. 90 pages, bound In paper, and Illustrated. Price, 5C cts- Rational Bee-Keeping, by Dr. John Dzlerzon — This Is a translation of his latest German book on bee-culture. It has 350 pages; bound In cloth. 81.25; In paper covers, $1.00 Blenen-Kaltnr, by Thomas G. Newrnan.— This Is a German translation of thepiincipr^ por- tion of the book called Bees of Honey. 10. page pamphlet. Price. 4U cents. Convention Band-Book, for Bee-Keepers. Thomas G. Newman.— It contains the parliamen- tary law and rules of order for Bee-Conventions— also Constitution and By-Laws, with subjects for discussion, etc Cloth, gold-lettered. Price, 25 cts. " ^merikanlsrbe Blenenzuclit, by Hans Buschbauer.- Printed ir. German. A hanf^-book on bee-keeping, eiving the methods in use hy the best American and German apiarists. Illustrated; 138 paces. Price. $i.t.HJ. Thirl y Years Among; the Bees, by Henry Alley.— Gives the results of over a quarter- century's experience in rearing qneen-befs. Very latest work of the kind. Nearly lOu pages. Price, 5oc. Pr. Howard^s Rook on Fonl Brood. —Gives the McEvoy Treatment and reviews the ex- periments of others. Price, 25 cts. Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R. Cheshire.— Its Cause and Prevention. Price, 10 cts. Fonl Brood, by A. R. K oh nke.— Origin. Development and Cure. Price. 25 cts. Honey as Food and :nedioine, by T. G. Newman.— A 32-page pamphlet : just tbe thing to create a demand for honey at home. Bhonid be scatteied freely. Contains recipes lur Honey-Cakes, Cvuitiea. u .dings. Foam, Wines, and uses of honey for medicine. Prices, prepaid— Sinele copy, 5 cts.; lo copies, 35 CtB.: SiiforSI.Do: loi'fur $2.5u: 250 for $5.5u; 54X) for$iti.'<': or k^ko forSi5.i«>. When u.'i" or more are ordered, we will print the bpe-keeper's card (free of cost) on the front cover page. Fmerson Binders, made especially for theBEB JuL'KN'AL, are convenient for preserving each number as fast as received. Not mailable to Oanwiii. Price, 76 cts. Book Clubbing Oif'ers. The following clubbing prices include the American Bee Journal one year with each book named. Remember, ihii only one boot can be taken in each case with ihe Bee Jour- nal a year ai the prices named. If more books are wanted see postpaid prices given with the description if the hooks on this page. Following is the clubbing-list: 1. Langstroth on the Honey-Bee $2.10 2. A B C of Bee-Culture 2.00 3. Bee-Keeper's Guide 1.7.5 4. Bees and Honey [Cloth bound] 1.65 5. ScientitlcQueeh-KearIng 165 6. Dr. Howard^ Foul Brood Book 1.10 7. Advanced Bee-i'ulture 1.30 8. Amerlbanische Hienenzucht [Germ.] 1.'5 9. Bienen-KuUur [German] 1.25 10. Kailonal Bee-Keeplng [Clo'h bound] 2.00 11. national Bee-Keepii g [Paper tound] 1.T5 12. Thiny Years Among the Bees 1.3U 13. Bee-Keepiiig for Profit 1.15 14. Convention Hand Book 1,15 15. Poultry for Market and Profit 1.10 16. Turkeys for Market and Protlt 1.10 17. CipoTisand Caponizing 1.10 18. OurP.uliry Doetir 1.10 19. How We Made the Old Farm Pay 115 20. Green's ^l.f Books on Fruit-Culture.. 1 15 21. Garden and Urchard 1.15 22. How to Propagate and Grow Fruit... 1.15 23. Rural Life 1.10 "4. Emerson Binder for the Bee Journal. 1.60 25. Commercial Calculatc>r. No, 1 1.25 26. Commercial Calculator, No. 2 1.40 Qcijeral Hcn)s^ Fair Prospects for Fall Honey. The July rains have brought forth veg- etation in the greatest luxuriance, and there is fair prospects for a fall flow of honey. Bees commenced swarming Aug. 1, and are continuing at a lively rate. Mbs. L. Habrisoh. Peoria. 111., Aug. 2. Bee-Sting Antidote. The article on page 430, " A Considera- tion of Bee-Stings." is pretty good, but the sting of bees hurts me, and especially it I haven't my preventive close at hand, vij. ; Make a strong tincture of lobelia seed. The minute a bee stings me, I apply a little of the tincture on the place stung. It destroys the poison, no swelling results, and the pain generally amounts to nothing. This is a positive safeguard against the bad ef- fects of being stung. Ed, 8, Popb. Indianapolis, Ind, Blue Vervain. I send a flower that I wish to know the name of. It is a good honey-plant, and blooms about July 25. It is just swarming with bees to-day (Aug. 5). I intend to keep watch of it. and see when it ceases to bloom. Luce, Mich., Aug. 5. Wm. Craig. [This plant is the blue vervain ( Verbena /laistata) usually very common in waste- places and in neglected pastures. It is often accredited as a good honey-plant. — T. J. BURBILL. I Bees in a House- Apiary. I have .'^0 colonies of bees in a bnilding built after the plan of H. P. Langdon'g, of New York. I use the Langstroth frame, and the bees are doing extremely well. After-swarming need not occur at all in such a building. Later I may give my experience and re- sults with bees kept out-doors and those kept inside. 8. E. Rood. Fertile. Iowa, Joly 31, [Mr. Rood is hereby requested to tell his experience as indicated above, for tbe benefit of the Bee Journal readers.— Ed.] Starting in Bee-Keeping— Uniting. In tbe summer of 1S93 I caught a swarm of bees and put them into an 8 frame hive, and I now have 12 strong colonies. I have never had any bee-book, nor taken a paper; in fact, I have never seen a bee-paper that was worth reading until I had a copy of the American Bee Journal handed me, I have found experience a great teacher, and as my stock cost me comparatively noth- ing. I have experimented quite a little. I would like to tell how 1 united two weak colonies at a good advantage. About June 1 I had a colony that bad swarmed three times, and although weak, it had a good laying queen. This colony I will call No, 1. The colony in the hive next to it (about 5 feet away) had swarmed, and although the queen had failed to return from her bridal 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 545 tonr, the colony was fairly strong ; this I wUl call No. 3. I knew that one strong colony was worth two weak ones, but how to unite them was a question with me. I moved hive No. 1 to within one foot of hive No. 2. I then moved No. 2 away about 30 feet, and taking each frame I shook and brushed all the bees oS on the alighting-board of No. 1 ; they readily entered (by giving a little smoke), also the returning bees from both hives, that were in the field. Before I had finished the job, a large swarm issued from another hive, and clustered on a brush near by. I at once hived them in No. 2, all filled with brood-combs, and the result is two strong colonies filling surplus sections with white clover honey, which is found here in abim- dance. J. E. Tatlok. Orleans, Mass., July 33. Old Subscriber — Doing Fairly Well. I have been taking the American Bee Jonrnal since Geo. Wagner edited it in Washington, D. C, and I have ever found, and still find, it full of interest to bee-keep- ers. There are many things in every issue that are helpful and full of suggestions to me. The bees in this part of the country are doing fairly well this year. Liberty, Ind., Aug. 3. Johk Clark. Too much Rain. The season this way has been a hard one —too much rain. It started in well, but cold rains, long continued, spoiled it. I think the tall flowers will build up well for winter. I have experimented a little in queens for my own pleasure this season, and have learned one or two things that may be of advantage. J. E. Pond. North Attleboro, Mass., Aug. 6. Battle of the Humble-Bee. A short time ago as I was watching my honey-bees carry into their hives pollen and honey, a large humble-bee. attracted by the fragrant smell of new honey, came buzzing around the hives; it buzzed from entrance to entrance of difi:erent hives, but as each was well guarded by the honey-bees, they would dart at it whenever it attempted to alight. It was loth, appar- ently, to make the attempt. However, the smell of the gathered sweets was too mncb for it, and its appetite got the better of its fears, and it alighted at the entrance of one of the hives. No sooner done than two bees were on its back and wings— one on each side; and as it raised to throw them off, a third bee attacked it squarely in the breast, and over all went to the ground. I watched the struggle as they fought, the bees hanging onto it and thrusting their stings into it the best they could, while it, with comparatively giant strength. tore them away. The contest lasted per- haps one quarter of a minute, when it cleared itself from the honey-bees, leaving the three adversaries exhausted and wound- ed on the ground; it flew perhaps six feet and rested on a stone. I watched it as it Biggest Premium We Ever Offered ! THE BEE-KEEPER'S GUIDE -OK~ MANUAL OF THE APIARY. BV PROF. A. J. COOK. This 15th and latest edition of Prof. Cook's magnificent book of -t^U page in neat and substantial cloth binding, we propose to give away to our preseut sub scribers, for the work of getting new subscribers for the American Bee .loiiriiai. A description of the book here is qnlte unnecessary — it is simply the most com complete scientific and practical bee-book published to-day. Fully illustrated, and all written in the most fascinating style. The author is also too well-known to the whole bee-world to require any introduction. No bee-keeper is fully equipped, or his library complete, without "The Bee-Keeper's Guide." HERE IS OUR GRAND OFFER: Send us Two New Subscribers to the Bee Journal (with $2.00), and we will mail Yoir a copy of Prof. Cook's book free as a premium. No premium is also giv- en to the new subscribers, under this offer. The postpaid price of the book alone is .$1.25, or we club it with the Bee Journal for a year — both together for $1.75. But surely anybody can get only two new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year, and thus get the book as a premium. Let everybody try for it. We want to give away lOOO copies of this book by Oct. 1. Will you have one ? GEORGE W. -XOBK & CO., 56 Fifth Ave., CHICAGO, ILLS. \ BIG DROPS of water has made the vegetation. Now the sun shines — the Honey wells up — the Bees gather it, and every Bee-Keeper should have all needed Supplies at once. Catalogue Free. Thos. G. Newman, 147 Southwestern Ave. CHICitiO, ILL. California If you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers Climate or Resources. send for a SampleCopy ot Califurniii's Favorlie Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the PaclBc Coast. Published weekly, bandsomely illustrated, $2.40 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL, PRE^S, 220 Market St.. - SAN FRANCISCO. CAL. BEGINNERS. Beginners should have a copy of the Amateur Rep-Keeper, a 70-page book by Prof. J. W. Rouse. Price 25 cents; if sent by mail. 28c. The little book and the Progressive Bee-Keeper (a live, pro- gressive 28-paffe monthly journal) one year, 6,tc. Address any flrst-class dealer, or LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsvllle, Mo. APIARIAN SUPPLIES VBST CHE\F •'Amateur Bee- Keeper "—how to manage bees, etc.— 2.t cts. The ■■ Model Coop." for hen and her brood. Wyandotte. Lantrsban and Leirhorn Kggs foi hatching. Cat. free, hit state what vou want. J . W. BOXrSE & CO. , Mexico, Mo. mm% B^EE-MIVES, i^HIPPI\G-@ASES We make a Specialty of these Goods, and defy Competition In QXJA.I_iIT"5r, ■WOK.Id.^A.lSrSHIF and PK.ICE3S. *" Write for Free Illustrated Catalogue and Price-List. G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis. }^~ Be sure to mention the American Bee Journal when you write. _g^ 546 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 22, Bees Non - Stinging NonSwarminff This fMHious si'ttin oi VcUiiw Bandpri Bros are»rl»lii(f eiillsfHcil II) wliMe tlity have liei n InlrfHiuceil. I have hiid trilR siiiilu in iny iipl- ary plx >eHr8. and nt'vcr hnve \\hu m hwmm nf bt-f" fiom ihi m. Ami in ilii- I'^'flirnlnr < olo ny frniii whl- h 1 am rearlrifj Qiircns. I havt^ never vecolveri ft 8i*ntr. Kvctv siil'sci liif »■ to the AmcrifHn lt<*o Joiiriiail i-an nl talu one Waruanti'D Queen liy m inliiinn 7">cip. Or $1 50 ii»j8 lor ihe above liee paper and one of the flncBi ■' Adel " Queens. TESTIMONIAL. WiixowGkovk. Del.. July IR, 1805. Mr. H. Alley: The liest queen I have came from .\oi]. The colony lus siorert llu poniidM eoin'h honey from (rnir. bioom ad OT-imson clover. While clover i« acomoete failure. J Coi.bv >mith. HEI>«RV ALUEV, 34Atf WENIl.^M. MASS. Mention ttie Amerii'nn Gr^. Jaiirnnl. TiOAT AND LUNQ DISEASES, DR. PEIRO. Specialist Offices: 1019, lOO Stale 5c., CHICAGO. Hours 9 to 4. ITALIAN QUEENS Pn'rHled, July to Ocl., 73e. eacl«— 3 for $2.0(1. T< nu d QnceDK. $1 On each. By return mail. Satisfaction Gaaranteed Send for Iree lllnsiraced Circular 10 THEODORE BENDER, 28Atf 18 FulU D Sr., CANTON. OHIO. rtf^T.C'rm Vie Anie.rican Bep Jininial ^ Priimptness Is What Ciiiiiits ! Honey-Jars. Shipping-i^a-es.anrl overy- lihintr ihat bne-k* eu'-rB ii^^e. ICtioi's I GfOEFOKE placing your orders for SUP -'-' PLIES, write for prices on 1-Piece Bass- wood Sections, Bee-Hives, Shipping -Cratef, Frames, Foundation, Smokers, etc. PAGE & LYOM mFG. CO. NRW LONDON, WIS HeiUKj^i 0\,e. A me^r-wxin Bee Jrinir~j^.fiO per dozen. Tr&te iee. ^nfe arrival and sails- lacLlou iiUHrwuteed. Addl■e^s. r. A. CliOWELrC, 31Atf GKANGKK, MINN. M e^tti/y^, *^^ A mjpmr/nr: Bee Jctiint^ Woodcliff Queens. I will send a Guaranteed ."i-Banded Yellow Queen, bred rroin a Rreeder selected from 1000 Queens isome producing: over 400 lbs. of houey to i be colony ): or a .'1-llanded Iialian l,ea.tber-Col "ed Quenn direct from a Rreeder Impornd Irom linly Oct. '!i4— at 75i*.f and a epecial low price lor a gnanttty. My secret is tosel an exy^a-hir^e amouiit. which euablefi lue lo sell at low piices WIU run I hi- spr ng" :J.")0 Nuclei — have 1 home and 4 out apiaries. No Queens superior to mj Su-!iin. ZW Send for Descriptive Catalog-ue and Testlnin- ials. to Wm. a. Selser, Wyncote. Pa. COMB FOUNDATION. WliolesHlc iiud Ket»il. Quality always ihe best. I'rioe always lowest. Workiii'i; Waxluto Foiindatton by the lb. a >|teelMlly. I can make It an obJH< t for you in any qinintity, bui <> Stale St., I I I I lUn I CHICAGO. Hours 9 to 4. Queeus and Iclei ! Ontestetl Italian Queens, by return mail, 75e; Tested. $1.00: Select Testeil. $l..")0. Nuulel. liy expres,s— per Frame. 75c. Address. €. K- ItlKAD, 87 Artesian Ave.. Station D, CHICAGO, Iii. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 547 Oonvenaioo ^«ti«-«j». Kansas.— There will be a mpeMng- of the Souths ^tB^n Kansjis Hie-K''e|)His' Asfoi-ia- tlon 111 Foit Pciitt. Kaui- .on .sepr. UP. 1K93. All aroi<)nli.iII.\ luviteil to cum i' and havn a good 'i me. There will be a lull in- siam. Bronson, Kaus J. C. Halch. Sec. W^sco^6IN.— The South westPTi WlBconsln Bee Ki eiii'is' Assor-imiiiri will hold Us next meeting at. PI ilm-llle, Wis., Out. 8 iiiul H, 189.'). *'Conie. pvery oue." n.iti't get (lis- oouriitcedif we haven't siotao'opol homy. We Mill have agooil lime at I'lai icvilli'. jiit-t the same Biirnryour when iind (iaughtiTS wlih \ou Mauy iutereslluK sulij 'is will be discussed. M. M. KiCE. Sec. Bo-O"bel. Wis. LAST CALL! GoMeii Iialiuii tiueciis. August and cfeptemhei . 60 els. : Oct., 75o. J. F. IfllCHAGIj, dreeiiville. Olito. 34Alt MenlUyn the AmerixMn Ute JcwnOL. J. D. 61VENS AnotEser Wonder!^! Oiire. Ever sinre ny "ciil'lmod" I had h'^on i" trouble, inherited a loi:t-!enry ij "bre.iUing out." After a severe attack T have oficn been confined to I'le stable ff^r-w-eks. Also troubled Willi ar;ugi^?scnsa;ijn lu my nose, and a feeling us if sluok willi pi'r^forks by angry T^cn. I was threatened witlx "Unlo.sjna treatment, "b'',a f -ie'id recommprided T'^1 s- Uci*y as compounded by the Pa^re Woven Wire Fence t-o-. Adrian, Mi'^h. (>'e do^^e w»pk"l a ("^iiplpte cure, pnd I C-.i fruely recoinineud i'in : '.iFimilarcLiSes. Yours truly, nnrbnm rJnll. GOLDEN QUEENS From Texas. ''^«r.L:W::^ aswrll lis (or Bejiiit) and (-«*iiileiief»o. ^^~ Sale arrival ami rna-ioriHlilt; ealiat'ao- tion guaranteed. Write Inr Price- List. Unt&sted, 75e— Al'arra/ifecf, 91, 10A"3^ Mfiilinn thp. Amprirnii Tier JiturrwL Globe BeeV'eii mail for One Dollar. Five cross-bars are rlvlted In the 'centre at the top. These bend down p and button to studs on a neck-band. The bars are best light spring steel. « The neckband is hard spring brass. The netting is white with face-piece of black to see through. It is easily put together and folds «mpactly tn a case, 1x6x7 Inches. -the whole weighing but 6 ounces. It can be worn over an ordinary hat; fits any head; doee not obstruct the vision, and can be worn in bed without discomfort. It is a boon to any ooe whoir fllee bother, mosqultos bite, or bees stlng. !%«;«■'" t>U eta. Celt U. ^^Tbts Veil weulubwitb the liee Jouriial for one year— bdth forSi.T.i; or ^ive free as a Premium tor sending' us ;i New Subscribern to the Bee JouPDal atiBl.OO each. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., - CHICAGO, ILLS. 3 or 5 Kaiided — (Jnlest'd bO eta. ; « lor $ ;.*J5. Tested. 7oc.: 6 l()r«+. ;5. €UA>. H. THIf^S, &TEELEV1LLE. I LL. Mention the Amrm'crtv Up^ .Imtrvni ;i4Ati Queens READERS or tbls Jonmal iv1t« write to any of out ndvertisers, either Id •rdeiing, «r aslilng about tlie GooiU offered, 1^11 please state tbat tliejr mw **ie AdTerUaeasent tn this paper. man and McCollum. both of Cresco, How- ard Co, Iowa. They reported that they could find no other cause of death but the sting of the bee. which they found to be on one of the large blood vessels of the man's neck. This is rather an old story, as it hap- pened in 18fi7, but if it was true then, it is just as true to-day. Now, it any of the readers of the Bee Journal (or any other man) ever knew of a similar case. I should like to have them report, as to whether the bee is capable of taking the life of the api- arist. If It be so, we ought to know it. Colfax, Iowa. C. E. Woodworth. [Although personally I never saw a case like the one mentioned by Mr. W., still I have no doubt of its being a fact. I have heard of people being kicked to death by horses, and fatally booked by cattle; some have died from being bitten I ly poisonous snakes. But all such cases are quite rare. If I remember correctly, a young lady in Canada died only a few years ago. from the effects of a bee-sting on the temple. I think it pays to wear a good veil when handling bees, and take no chances. — Ed.] A Report from Washington. My crop for I8n.5 is 2.200 pounds of comb honey from 43 colonies, spring count, and increased to 74 colonies. My home apiary was allowed to swarm, as I had not time to control them, but at ray out-apiary only a few colonies swarmed, and they were in the Dadant hive. The sectional brood- chamber hive is my choice. The more I use it the lietter I like it. as every necessary manipulation is so easily done, and with very little work compared to hanging frames. I have made 200 of them, and shall get my bees into them as soon as con- venient. I have no difficulty at all to dispose of my own honey at fair prices — 12 to 17 cents for comb honey, and 8 to 15 cents for extracted. Mv first swarm came off on May 25, and the last on July 6. The honey-flow lasted about five weeks, principally from white clover; this season the honey is very thick, and candies in a few days. G. D. LiTTOOT. Tacoma, Wash., July 29. GOLDEN QUEENS From a$')0 00 Brecdev obtained of Do little. Also L(!iilher Colored 'r,°v°v';';.v°besfi.!: poite.l Quii'us, I'riee- 1 Queen. .tUc ; H for $i.7.i; $.1 (Ml (icr dozen. Will warrant B.'ijt of Queeiis i>urely inaied; Bees to be j<''ulle and e.xcelleiit hu ev g'iil"'r' rs H. <•. (tl'l ItlO, 34Air Bbl.LKVUE, Huron (o., OHIO. Moitk)}! Uie A nierlam, Dee JnumaU Orauiie-Blossdni, Alfulfii or Sii^e For Sale Cheap. isntf C. \V. Dayton, Florence, Oallf. IfAN^K BEE-KEEPERS ! Bel'ore plarliiiiD'oiir order lor supplies write lor my Vekv Low Prices uu D. T HIVES. SECTIONS. SMOKERS SHIPPING-CASES ANo COMB FOUNDATION. Catalotrue Free. ISBtr A. W. MWAN, Cenlralla, Kan. Mention Uie A.TnerUxin iiee JourruU. Honey & lleeswax Market Qnotatlons. ALBANy. N. v.. Aug-. 19. — The honey market Is now beginning-, and I think this the best time lo sell. esi)e lally white grrndes of comb honey. Kecelnts «iO far are light. We quote: White comb. 14@l'ic.; mixed. 12® t4o. Extracted, white. 7ia7i4c.: mixed, Q& 6Ho.; buckwheat and dark, 5!4@6c. H.B. W. CHITAGO. Tlt,., July 30.— We are now hav- ing some inquiries for comb honey, and ex- pect our firt-t rrcelfits of lancy while to sell atl.Tc: No. 1 white wltl bring l-te : no trou- lile to sell fancy honi y ; No. 'i quiliiy boIIs at 10(ai.3c.. depending uoo condition. White e.vtraitpd, 6@7c., depending upon flavor; dark, 5@ac. S. T. F. 4 Co. CHlCAGil, Ii.L., Aug. 7.— Someof the new croi* of comb honey has come on the market, at.d we iiave sold SHme at 1-^c. There is also sale for the darker grades at 8f%r2c. Extract- ed, 5@7c.. according to quality, flavor and color. Beoswa.\, 2o@J7c. K. A. B. &. Co. CINCINNATI. O., Aug. 7.— Demand Is live- l.v f')r new ext -acted and comb honey, alt oid honev being elnsed nut. -Arrivals are fair hut In^ufHiti'iit lor the dematid. Comb honer bri gs I4@t.TC. for choice white. Bxtraot^d, 4(a7e. Beeswax is in good demand at 20@25o. for good to choice yellow. C. F. M. & S. KANSAS CITV, Mo., Aug-. 8.— The recelpU of new comb honey are li^ht. Demand is fair. Wo quote: Comb. No. 1 white, 1-lbs., 14 (ftl.nrv; No. •?. 1-'@I'0 ; No. 1 awber, 12® l:tc.; No. 2. 10c. KxtrHctel. white, ti@8!4o.; amber. 5V4 ■Sic ; dark, 4@4i4o. Beeswax. 20@25c. C. O. C. 4 CO. PHir.ADKLPHIA, Pa, JunelS.— The new cro|i of coml) Iton- .v is arriving slowly, and Is in I'air demand. No new extracted honey has arrived in this market as yet. We quote: C'oiub honey. liiaiMc. Rxtraced, 4V4'36c. lU'cswax is still declining. The adulteration of bie-WH.x has demoralized our market this siiring, and has hurt our sales coaaiderable. Prlue. 25@27c. W. A. S. NEW YORI^, N. Y.. July fi.-The market Is about, bare of cnmb honey :Lnd there ts no de- mand at thetjresent. The market is qul^^t on exti acted. Demand Is limited, with plenty of siipfdy arriving to meet the detnands and more. Wequote: (Jaiifornia, 6?fi6Ho ; South- ern, choice. d'>(®K.5c. per g;*llon; common, 50 ®5.Te. per gallon. Bet-swax is declining and t-elling jLt from 2n@:i0i:. iit present, but the initicaiious are that the price will decline still furtlier. H. B. &S. PTH'S HONET EXTRACTOB pEnrBcrrioN Cold-Blast Smokers, Square Glass Honey Jars, Et«« For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. M0th & Son. Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O Send H>e for Practical Hints to Bee-Keeper8. Mention Uie AinerUxm. Bee Jourtui/„ Liiit of Honey and Beesnai Dealers, Most of whom Quote In this JournaL Chiea^u, Ills. J. A. Lamon, 41! South Water St. K. A. Bdrnett & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New Vork, N. Y. F. I, Sage & Son, 183 Keade Street. HiLDKETB BROB. & ''BOELKEN, 120 & l;3 West Broadway. Chas. Israet, & Rhus.. 486 Canal St. I. J. STRiNOHAJd, 105 Park Place. Kansas City, HIo. O. 0. Clbmoms & Co.. 423 Walnut St. Buffalo, N. Y. BATTBR80N & CO., 167 & 169 ScOtt St. Hamilton, Ills. Chas. Dadant & Son. Pblladelphta, Pa. WM. A. Sklser, 10 Viae St. Cincinnati, Oblo. C. r, MUTB & SON, cor. Freeman & Oentvai aya. 548 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 22, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! Itl» always eronomy .-j buy tbe best, espe- cially wheu ilic lu'^-i roet nomorethuD 60inelhiT)p not half so (r(K>d. OUK FAL- CON SKCTIUNS a- o Hcknowledffed to be superior to any < n tbe murket. The same fe alsotriieo our HIVErianfJ BEE- KKEFEKS' SUPrUIES, ot which we make all mortem styles. OUK FKICE8 will be found art low as those of any of our compeiitors. and in many cases low- er, and you are ahays sure oi g-ettlnjr flrst-tl^ps (roods. \VV al-o publipb THE AMERICAN BEE KEEPKK. a monthly magazine (Filth year) at .50c. a year, in- valuable to beginners. LarKe illustrated catalogue and pric*'-list free. Address, THEW.T.FALCOKEIIMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. ^>~ W. n. CSerrlsh. of Kant NuUlns;. bam, N. H., is our Easlnrn agrent. New Epurhind nistomere may save freight by pur- obaninp of him. What's the Use of Keeping Bees If you do not sell tbe honey? That's what we are here for. GetourbiKli prices before sell- ing. V. R. HORRIR A: CO., Commission Merchants, 224 Soiidi WulerM., Chicago, III. 24Aiy Mention the American Bee Journal, I AEISE ryo SAY to the readers I of tbe BEE JOTTRNALthal DOOLITTliK hat) concluded to ftei i -BKB8 and QUKBNS- tn ihelr seauoD, daring 1895. at the followlni; prices : One Colony of Italians on 9 Gallup framett. In li^bt shippinK-box $7i>0 Five (Colonies 3000 Ten Colonies.. .. Siioo 1 untested queen, i i)o 6 " queens 6 50 12 " " 10 uu 1 tested Queen... f i 5v 3 " Queenfl. 4(k I select tested queen 3 f)0 3 " *' (JtueensSOC 8electte»ieu queen, previous season's rearluK 4 0ti Bxtra Selected for breeding, thb vkht be8T. . 6 00 About a Pound of BU:U8 In a Two-frame Muolens. with any Queen, $a.uo extra. 1^ Circular f ree. fflvlnc: full panlonlara regard tng the Bees and each class of Queens. Address G. M, DOOLITTLE, 12A2Bt BOKODTNO. Onon. Co., N. T. HONEY QUEENS! Bave becu cjirefully bred lor produclniB: comb honey for the paf^t 1h years, and by a special metbod for producing large, long-livtcj. pro- Uflc Queens. Can furnish eilher ;J or n Band- ed slock, bred in separate yards. :i-Bandcd bred from my own or Imponed Moiht-r. No foul brood or paralysis, ^^arranted Queens, purely maied, (iO ris.; Tested, $1 .00; Selected Breeders, S-J.fjQ. Discount on quantities. 27Atf J. H. GOOU, INuppuiiee* lud. Free Silver but here's fome-|i||r 1011 thing better " ''* ■"" Cntil further notice I will furnish COIIIB FODWDATIOIM as follows: 10 lbs. Heavy or Medium Brood Fdn.*,'1.50 10 lbs. Li. ht •' :i.60 10 lbs Thin Surplus Foundation. .. 4.00 10 lbs. fixtra-Thin Surplus Fdn 4 60 No orders will be accepted at these prices from persons living east of New York State. For BEESWAX -fair quality, delivered here, "iVc. cash ; '290. In trade. W.J. Finch, Jr.jSpringfield, HI 28A13 aUntiUm tile American BuJtmrfmL Abbott's Space. In rekpnnsc to many inqui- ries I will renew my special oUer for a itiiort time only : - Five "SI. Joe" II' vcg, Ij^-Siory, cut rea<1y to nail— no sec- lions— fur g3.50 to any one who lias never liad a crale of these ■lives. I sell Dadant's Foundation at their prices ; pay CASH for BEESWAX, and keep a stock of Shipping-Crates and Other Bee-Suppliis. SPECIAL, PRICES the rest of the season. %Vrite and say what you want. EMERLON T. ABBOTT, ST. JOSEPH, MO. When answerinq this advertisement, memtiof* this journal 3-Frame Kneleiis and Italian Queen -$2.50.- Untested Queens, 75c ; Six for $3.50. I>is('t»iiiii on Quantities. rDLL-lIUE-OF-SDPPLIES. I. J. STRINGIIAM, 105 Park Place. NEW VOKK. N. T Juenlion the American Bee Journal. PATENT WIRED COMB FOONDATIOH Has No Sag in Brood. Frame* Tliin Flat-Hottom Puundation Bag So FisbboQe id tbe Sarplos htmtj. BeluK tbe cleanest Is neually workftd tbe quickest of any Foundation made J. VAN DEIJSBN & SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Sprout Brook MontKomery Co., N. T. A Thousand Tons of Comb lloney Will be made on the Foundation sold by us this year. That Is why ^ ^ WE NEED BEESWAX. Now is the time to order your Foundation for 1896. Although the on both Beeswax and Foundation for the balance ot the season, we want all ^ The Beeswax You Have to Offer. Send for Catalogue of Bee-!^iipplles, IiansslrolU ReTlsed, etc. CHAS. DADANT & SON. Mevtion the American Bee Journai. HAMILTON, Hancock Co., ILI.. A LETTER Fi om A. Norton, of Monterey, Calif., reads as follows: "The Queen that .vou sent me arrived in flnecondilion in 12 days from ihe time that I orilered her. (It takes 6 days for mall to eo from heie to Calif ) Twelve hours later she I thank you for your promptness and lor the was introduced, an'i in ISmore^vas laj log. beauty, tize and excellence uf the Queen." From neUhboring-Stiitfs I frcqiiemly get reports of Queens being received and intro- duced within 3 days trom the time i tie order was sent. 1 not only advertise to send Queens by liETUHN MAIL, but iDOdoit; and I sell le.ted Qui ens of this year's rearing for only $1.00 eacu, or six lor $5.00. OneQuten and the Keview for ouly $1..50. Mention the American Bee Journal W. Z. HUT* HI * SOK, FEIMT, MICH.. Notice ! We, beg to announce that we ha.'e completed arrangements with the Porters whereby we secure for this country the control of the sale of that very excellent and almost Indispensable implement — It will be manufactured by the Porters, as formerly, but write to ns for prices in both large and small qt^antities. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK ^ yt AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. ^mMt^j^^^"^^ >lL_-—-^/N AMERICA J^ 35tli Year. CHICAGO, ILL., AUG. 29, 1895. No. 35. Coj;)tributed /Vrticles^ On Imjiovtaiit A-piaTiaji Suhjeots, Possibility and Desirability of Breeding Out the Swarming Habit in Bees. BY BEET LOWNES. On page 419, the question of whether it is possible or de- sirable to breed out the swarming habit in bees is asked ; and the answers, as given by the different bee-keepers, are such that a novice, after reading them, would know about as much (probably less) as {s)ha did before, notwithstanding the pro- verb, that " In the multitude of counsellors there is safety." While I have no especial desire to contradict any of the an- swers given, still I cannot bring myself to believe that it is either possible or desirable to breed out the swarming habit in bees. In the first place, swarming, properly .speaking, is not a habit ; that is, it has not been acquired by the bees them- selves, but has been indelibly stamped upon their natures by the Creator, who doeth all things well. A man may acquire. the habit of swearing, and he may continue in the habit or not, according to his own will, but the desire to swarm is one of the strongest instincts the bee has — it has existed ever since the bees were created, and I can truthfully say, will exist until they become extinct. Habits, properly speaking, will grow and strengthen upon those by whom they are practiced. If a man begins the use of alcoholic drinks, he will gradually form a stronger appetite for liquor, until at last he will have no power to break away from the habit, should he desire to do so, and the same may be said of swearing. Should a man begin the use of profane language when circumstances are exceptionally trying, he will soon find himself indulging in the habit on the least provoca- tion, and in many cases with no provocation whatever. But the habit (?) of swarming is no greater, no less, in the bees of to-day than it was in the first colony that took up its abode in the decayed trunk of a gigantic forest tree (?) in prehistoric ages. Right here let me say in regard to breeding out (my of the habits or instincts of the bees, that it is no easy matter. One might suppose that a colony of bees, whose ancestors had for hundreds of bee-generations occupied hives precisely alike, would, on swarming, naturally seek another such an hive for a home ; but not so. Let a swarm of bees issue, and unless they receive attention in due time, they will start for the/orest in search of a home. Of course, there are some exceptions, especially in localities where large trees are scarce ; but even in such oases I am led to believe that they go to the forest first, but not being able to find a home to their liking, they will enter a knot-hole in the side of a building, or an empty hive, as a second choice. If it is so hard to educate the bees in this one point, how much more so would it be to produce a race of bees that would, contrary to the laws of nature, have no desire whatever to swarm ! Why don't the people that profess to be so advanced in the bee-business, produce such a strain of bees ? Simply because there is no possibility under the sun of any .success whatever on this line. I mean on the line of breeding out the swarming habit (?). You might just as well try to breed out the desire to gather honey, and with just as much prospect of success. While I believe that it is not possible or desirable to breed out the desire of the bees to swarm, I do believe that it is both possible and desirable to perfect a plan whereby the prevention of swarms will be a practical success ; but even then I think there would be a few exceptions, owing to the strong hold the swarming instinct has on the bees. And I believe that right here lies all the so-called success in the line of " breeding out the swarming habit." From time to time we see it advertised or stated that Mr. So-and-So has a strain of bees that are non-swarming, while in reality Mr. So-and-So simply succeeded in preventing his bees from swarming for a few generations. In my opinion bees that have the swarming habit (?) bred out, could not be induced to swarm under any circumstances. Point me to the man that has a colony of such bees. I am confident that I could take any of the so-called non-swarming bees, and after transferring them to an 8-frame Langstroth hive, get them to swarm in six weeks. Dr. C. C. Miller thinks that since it is not essential for the existence of a colony, and as some bees are more given to swarming than others, it would not be impossible to have bees not given to swarming at all. Of course, some bees are more given to swarming than others, because some queens are more prolific than others. The Italians, as a rule, are more exces- sive swarmers than the Germans ; and the Italian queens are generally more prolific ; but are there any bees that are not given to swarming at all ? As to its not being essential to the existence of the colony, I do not believe that the bees are aware of the fact, and I know of no means whereby we could convey such an impres- sion to their little minds ; although I cannot agree with W. G. Larrabee, when he says that " If the bees have no desire to swarm or to increase, they would not build queen-cells," for we all know that a queenless colony will build queen-cells from larvEe of the right age, with no desire whatever of swarming ; but I do believe that if the desire of swarming should be entirely bred out, that no drones would be reared, and without drones no increase would be had. I said "no drones would be reared ;" but since all queens that are not fertilized produce nothing hut drones, I will change it and say that no drones would be reared intentionally. Now, •(/ no drones were reared intentionally (I do not say 550 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 29, that they would not be reared, but I do not think they would, for in breeding out the desire to swarm you change the entire nature of the bee, and with no desire to s-warra or increase, I do not think there would be any desire or use for drones), there would be no drones reared whatever, except those reared by the virgin queen after she failed to become fertilized, and if a queen would have to wait to be fertilized by her own drones, you can readily see that it would take from six to ten weeks before said queen would lay worker-eggs, and what would become of the bees that were already in the hive b/ that time ? You might say that you would keep a few colo- nies (enough to supply the needed amount of drones) for the fertilization of the queens; but in that case you would breed the swarming habit (?) right back into your bees, after all your trouble to breed it out. However, I do not think that any person will bo called upon to mourn at any such calamity as that, because I hon- estly believe that it is entirely impossible to meet with any success whatever in that line, and, as I said before, all the success to be obtained in the non-swarming line will be by prevention, and when a person has perfected a plan whereby all swarms can be prevented, he should tell it that way, and not that he has bred the swarming instinct out of the bee. Although I would like to hear the reasons of those who believe the swarming habit (?) can be bred out ot the bees, I will close by remarking that I have not the slightest hope or fear of any such thing being accomplished. Charter Oak, Iowa. ^ Honey Crop in California — Yellow Bees. BY DR. E. GALLUP. I have been waiting for the honey harvest to be about over before reporting, as I wanted to give Mr. Brodbeck a little " hauling over the coals" about his distressful cry of a short crop, etc., on page 428 ; but I see Rambler has given him a pretty good " touching up " on page 486, so I will give results as far as heard from, and the reader can Judge for himself. Mr. John Fox has 15 tons of honey from 140 colonies; Mr. Oderlin, 19 tons from 240 colonies ; the Emerson broth- ers, 24 tons from 300 colonies ; Mr. Miller, 19 tons, etc. All these parties report the season "good" — not extra, but good. I notice in the California Cultivator and Poultry-Keeper, in the bee-department, Mr. W. W. Walk reports 8 tons from 160 colonies. His apiary is located in San Fernando Pass, Los Angeles county. He says : " There is only one-third of a crop of honey in San Fernando and Newhall sections, owing to cold, fogs and cloudy weather " — a state of things we did not have in Orange county, and so far as I hear in San Diego county. I learn from two parties that the honey crop is good in that county. Quite a mistaken notion that many people have, is that the nearer the coast the more foggy and cooler the weather, but bear in mind that there is quite a change in temperature even sometimes in very short distances. I know from actual observation that there is quite a difference in temperature between here and Los Angeles city. Orange and San Diego counties are noted, by people who know, for having a very mild and even-tempered climate in comparison to some other counties in southern California. We had a three days' cool northwest wind early in the sea- son. It did not affect the honey-flow here at all, a? I was very particular to inquire, for I saw in the papers that the honey crop would be badly injured in Ventura and some parts of Los Angeles counties. The paper stated that the wind was so violent that it whipped and stripped all the bloom from the white sage, etc., and some thousands of acres of beans de- stroyed so the ground had to be replanted. We had no such wind here. Now, Mr. Brodbeck's apiary may be located in such a locality, hence his long-faced cry. I see no reason to change my mind from the prospects early in the season. All the bee-keepers that have reported to me claim that their hives are all extra-full now, and they will probably have to extract once more in order to put their colonies in extra con- dition for winter. I say our bee-keepers have done well, when wo take into consideration the poor condition in spring, owing to the last season's failure. THE VERT YELLOW BEES. I was pleased to see S. E. Miller "touch up" Mr. John McArthur on his pure Italians, on page 487. Mr. McArthur's article would not mislead or influence any practical or experi- enced bee-keepers — not in the least, because they know better ; but where the mischief comes in is in conveying the Idea that his yellow hybrid drones are pure Italians. This question was fully discussed in the "Old Reliable " years ago. Mr. Adam Grimm went to Italy in person, and saw the Italians In their native purity. We had queen-breeders in those days that claimed their bees were extra-pure, because their drones were extra-large and yellow. I was one that exposed the fal- lacy, and Mr. Grimm backed me up with facts. Santa Ana, Calif., Aug. 5. What Dr. Miller Thinks. OvER-RiPENESs OF HoNEY. — The Rural Canadian has an article headed " Ripeness and Over-Ripeness of Honey." The writer says : " The apiarist can handle his bees so that they will make good honey." This will be cheering news to some. When your bees begin to bring in some of the abominable stuff they sometimes store, just have a good " handler" come along and he'll handle the bees "so that they will make good honey." Further on he says : "If the honey is allowed to stand too long in the hive it becomes too thick and heavy, and the flavor undergoes a corresponding change. The rich flavor becomes too strong and ill-smelling, and In time it is notice- able to the amateur." Now you know why honey smells bad — been left too long on the hive ! "In making fine honey for the market, it is quite essen- tial that the apiarist should know just at what period the nec- tar should be gathered and sealed." After studying some time over that last sentence to know exactly what it means, I'm inclined to think there's quite a bit of "over-ripeness" about it. An Average Yield. — So many times I'm brought up standing by some such expression as this: "I have secured about half the average yield." Now what is an average yield ? In most cases I can get no very definite idea from the sentence quoted. If the writer had said: "I have secured 25 pounds per colony," it would have more meaning, but it would not cost a great many more words to say, "I have secured 25 pounds per colony, about half the average yield." Give us the number of pounds per colony, the number of colo- nies, and whether comb or extracted, and you've given us very clear Information, and then if you add how it compares with the average yield, there's hardly anything left to ask. Bees' Eyes. — On page 508, 3,500 is given as the number of facets in the eye of the bee. It might have been added that that's the smallest number estimated, and that the num- ber varies, one worker differing from another, and queens having fewer than workers, and drones more. Cowan says he found as many as 5,000 In the eye of a worker, and nearly as many in a queen. Cheshire found 6,300 facets, or single little eyes, in the compound eye of the worker, and 4,920 in 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 551 that of the queen, while the drone had no less than 13,090. Remember that this means the number of facets in one of the two compound eyes, and that the number must be doubled to find the number of impressions made on the optic nerve. Think of the drone looking 26,000 ways at once ! Keeping Empty Combs. — G. W. Demaree asks on page 503 for the best way. I'll tell you a good way. Put them in a hive under a colony of bees. I've had one colony take care of two or three stories of empty combs. If the bees are forced to go down through them all to find an exit, I don't know how many stories they would take care of, but for a single story it isn't necessary to oblige the bees to pass down through — just put the story under, with nothing between that and the brood-nest. Poplar Sections.— In reply to a query on page 521, I think poplar sections are always made four-piece, as the wood has not the toughness required for bending in a one-piece section. Naming the Chicken. — I've heard something about counting chickens before they're hatched, but the editor goes a step farther on page 525, by suggesting a name for the " chicken " while it is still wiggling around in the shell. But if any change is to be made, "Union" is better than "Asso- ciation," just because it hasn't halt the syllables. Wax-Adultekation. — On page 525 is given a method of detecting adulteration in beeswax, but I have since seen in one of the trans-atlantic bee-journals a statement that the plan is utterly unreliable. Bee-Diseases North and South.— On page 526, R. H. Whitfield is quoted saying : "There seems to be a greater freedom from diseases in the South than with the North, and we must attribute it to the tonic and prophylaxis of the bitter element in the fall honey." Is it true that there is a greater freedom from bee-diseases in the South ? I had thought of it the other way. Are they free from foul brood in the South ? And if that should be held at bay by bitter honey, then it seems that a sufficient amount of bitter could be mixed with their honey in the North ; but I think no one has any faith in bitter honey as a cure for foul brood. I don't know of any other disease that is at all common in the North except bee-paralysis, and I don't remember hearing of a case in the North that was very seri- ous, whereas in the South it is sometimes almost as destruc- tive as foul brood. Seeds from Grafts. — Have scientists made another dis- covery that Bro. Abbott is springing upon us, on page 527 ? He says seed from fruit raised on a graft will produce fruit " like the fruit of the root on which the graft was made." If I understand that correctly, it means that if a pear is grafted on a quince, and seed from a pear grown on that is planted, that seed will produce a quince tree. Do I understand it aright, Bro. Abbott ? The Honey Failure. — Usually I'm not very viciously inclined, but I can't stand everything. On page 519, ye edi- tor wants me to give a report of my crop for 1895 as a model for others; and then just as I was cooling off from that, Mrs. Slease had to give me a dig, on page 527. The question is whether I shall move to New Mexico, or adopt the supers Mrs. Slease uses. Radish Honey'. — On page 530, Clay C. Cox inquires as to the quality and quantity of honey from the radish. I doubt if he'll ever find out. And if he did find out, I doubt the value of the discovery. It must be remembered that to be of any special value as a honey-plant, a small patch will amount to nothing. I think it likely that the radish is a good honey- plant, being nearly related to mustard. But if each bee-ke&per should raise an acre of it, there would be no market in all the world for the seed. There is a large market for the radish for table use, but that would be no benefit to the bees. For new sources of honey I suspect we must look toward the intro- duction of new forage-plants like alfalfa and crimson clover, or to the growing use of sweet clover as a forage-plant. Lately I was quite surprised to see a fine growth of alfalfa in its third season in northern Illinois. It had been cut for the third time this season, yielding a heavy crop, when hay in general has been a very light crop on account of drouth. Marengo, III. The Buckwheat Honey-Flow — Other Notes. BY F. A. LOCKHABT. We have just finished moving our bees to the buckwheat fields. White clover was a failure here on account of the dry, hot weather during its full bloom. The bees filled their hives and gathered a few pounds of surplus from basswood. Buck- wheat and fall flowers promise to yield a good crop, as we are having plenty of rain, and everything looks fresh and green. There are several hundred acres of buckwheat within easy reach of the bees, which are in splendid condition for the flow. I will report later how much we harvest from it. CARNIOLAN BEES VS. ITALIANS. On page 449, Geo. I. Wolf says he has a superior strain of Italian bees, or a worthless strain of Carniolans. I am sur- prised to hear that there is a strain of Italians which "gath- ered from 40 to 132 pounds of honey," while the Carniolans in the same apiary were strong in bees, and did not gather enough honey on which to winter. I will give Mr. ^\'., or any other person, $25 for a queen of such a strain of Italian bees, that will gather such an amount by the side of Carniolans that will not gather enough to winter themselves ! The rea- son why I make such an offer is, I have had Italian queens from 15 different breeders, from all parts of this country, and have failed so far in finding a strain of Italians that are superior to our Carniolans as honey-gatherers. It must be the lacation and management; if not, why is it that we get a third more honey, on an average, each year from our Carniolans than from our Italians? Even supposing the two races equal in honey-gathering, are there not other qualities to be consid- ered ? Carniolans winter well, cap their honey snowy white, and gather very little propolis, using mosfly wax instead ; whereas, the Italians winter poorly (here in the North), give a water and hence not neat appearance to cappings, and stick everything up with propolis. The race which gives us the most dollars and cents is the one we prefer, and the above- stated superiority of the Carniolans proves which race we want. Y-ELLOW JACKETS, HORNETS, ETC. The yellow-jackets have never, as far as known, been so thick up here as this year. They are simply numberless, and eat every dead animal long before it has time to decompose. The honey-dew is also disposed of by them, together with numerous obnoxious caterpillars. There seems to be a run- ning fight between them and the honey-bees, as to which, with the exception of the young bees, hold their own well. The hornets carry off the bees as they do the house-flies. Phebes and kingbirds, too, have been somewhat troublesome in our out-apiaries. Lake George, N. Y., Aug. 5. Xliat IVe>v Song — " Queenie Jeanette" — which is being sung everywhere, we can send you (or 40 cents, postpaid, or club it with the American Bee Journal for one year — both for only $1.10. Or, send us one new subscriber for a year (with $1.00), and we will mail you a copy of the song free. 552 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 29, "The California Honey Crop for 1895." BY GEO. W. BRODBECK. On page 486, I notice that Friend Rambler takes decided exceptions to an article of mine which appeared on page 428. I endeavor, as far as possible, to avoid public contro- versies, and if the present issue were one between Rambler and myself, I would not make this an exception, but as his article has special bearing on the present condition of things, I do not feel disposed to pass it by. Mr. Editor, allow me to repeat the following from Rambler : "I note in your issue of July 4, Bro. Brodbeck's signal of distress in relation to the depressed condition of our honey market, and wherein he charges all the evils of low prices to certain writers who have more enthusiasm then discretion about the capabilities of this State." The following, as referred to, appeared in the issue of July 4, which was the inciting cause of the above remarks : " We regret very much that some of our California bee- keepers permit their enthusiasm to control their better judg- ment, etc." I made mention of no names, did not state or imply that "Prof. Cook, Dr. Gallup, and others are rather unreliable," and in the letter referred to I made no charge, only a repeti- tion of some incidental remarks of others to myself. 'Tis true, the early spring in this land of flowers has a very ex- hilarating effect on some individuals, and it seems but natural that in the height of their exuberance they give vent to this superabundance (of climate or whatever you may call it), and the result is, " California is flowing with milk and honey." These predictions are all right if they only come, but if, as during the season just past, they fail to " pan out," what good has been accomplished? And this is why I take exception to such predictions, and the past few months have fully demon- strated the evil effect as the following will illustrate : A friend of mine visited the Los Angeles honey mart, with the object of disposing of his honey crop. During this visit. In conversing with one of the commission men, he made the statement that the honey crop would be short, and the market being bare, 4 cents for water-white extracted honey (the price offered) was not enough, considering prospects, previous sea- son's failure, etc.; when the commission man replied that he was mistaken, and the crop would not be short, but instead would be large, saying that he could verify his statement by our own bee-papers. Another individual was served likewise, and being hope- lessly discouraged, sold his honey for 3K cents. Numerous other incidents might be related, to show the use made of these early reports by the class referred to, but these will suffice in support of the assertion that some "permit their enthusiasm to control their better judgment." In all likelihood, under different circumstances, the situa- tion would not be such a serious one, but when we consider that the majority of California bee-keepers are men in mod- erate circumstances, with the honey crop a failure in 1891 and 1892, 1893 good, 1894 failure, with a loss of half of the bees, which brings us down to the present depressed state of prices, which, no doubt, is causing many an anxious indi- vidual to grasp at even a straw of hope in anticipation of re- lief from the trying ordeal of the past five years. One swallow may not make a summer, but it is possible for one straw to aid in breaking the camel's back. I have no ax to grind, " witjji malice to none," my sole ob- ject has been to aid our worthy bee-element. The greater por- tion of my crop has been disposed of at a price equal to my expectations, nevertheless because I am more fortunate than some others Is no reason why I should claim that I am not my brother's keeper. Since writing my July statement, there has been some material encouragement in the wild buckwheat sections, and as Rambler's report is of later date, this no doubt has brought some reports up to an average. A few days previous to writing my letter of July 4, I re- ceived a private letter from Rambler, in which he stated that their anticipated large yield of honey would not be realized — (this for Rambler). Mr. R. B. Herron, bee-inspector of San Bernardino county (Rambler's county), and one of the best informed bee-men of that section, in an article in one of the San Bernardino papers, stated that the honey crop would be short, urging the bee-keepers to be firm and hold for better prices. Mr. Elon Hart, of Pasadena, bee-Inspector of Los Angeles county, and who is well informed of the past and present con- dition of our industry, also supplied me with information which coincided with previous reports, and on a visit to this city, during my work at the apiary, I met one of the most prominent bee-keepers of the Fall Brook section, whose report also tallied with previous conclusions. I could cite numerous other substantiating reports, but I deem these sufficient to show that I had some evidence of " reliability." A business man here in this city, and who is interested in apiaries in this and Ventura county, that in 1893 produced 106,000 pounds, informed me a few days ago that they had produced less than 20,000 this year. Another, who had a good crop in 1898, this season secured nothing. Thus you see it is possible to give varied reports from California, and yet all be true. The principal honey markets in this State are Los Angeles and San Francisco, consequently if bee-keepers are so un- fortunately situated as our Selma bee-keepers, in living over a hundred miles from a market, it is not likely they will find a home market for any large quantity of honey. The price Rambler quotes (8 cents) no doubt was due to this off year, and by request, in behalf of one of Selma's largest producers, I last year visited our leading honey-dealers, and no one would make an offer, for the simple reason that it was an off year, consequently they were not shipping or dealing in honey, and yet I saw some inferior comb honey sold here last fall in quantity at 133^ cents; and to convince Friend Rambler that my " leaning towards the dark side" was not due entirely to individual disappointment, I will state that my average per colony this season was over 115 pounds (nearly all comb honey), and that with an apiary built up from the very bottom during the past spring, and I have disposed of the greater portion of my crop at 1}-^ to 2 cents above the market price. But "one swallow does not make a summer," so Mr. Mendle- son securing a good price for his honey does not prove that all can do likewise, for all may not be so fortunately situated. This California industry covers a large territory, and when we consider that some of our counties are as large as some of our Eastern States, the possibility of uniting and con- centrating our efforts in the disposal of our honey crop is quite a problem. A few have taken things In hand, and are marketing their own crops. Such practical demonstrations, we trust, will eventually result In the organization of a Bee- Keepers' Exchange. Los Angeles, Calif., Aug. 7. The Palmer House, located at the corner of King and York streets, Toronto, will be the headquarters of the North American convention Sept. 4, 5 and 6. Mr. J. C. Palmer, the proprietor, writes me that he has made arrangements to accommodate 200 delegates. So you see there will be ample room for all. Where members " double up" — two in a bed — only$1.50a day will be charged; $1.75 if you prefer to " bunk " alone. Just across the street from the Palmer, is the Kensington, anotlier hotel owned by Mr. Palmer. Here the rate is 50 cents and up for rooms, and meals are furnished on the Euro- pean plan — pay for what you order. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 553 CONDUCTED BY DR. J. F. H. BRO\VN, AUGUSTA., GA. [Please send all questions relating to bee-keeping In the South direct to Dr. Brown, and he will answer in this department.— Ed. 1 An International Bec-Kecpcrs' Congress. It is proposed to hold an International Bee-Keepers' Con- gress on Dec. 4 and 5, 1895, 'in Atlanta, Ga., during the Cot- ton States' Exposition. The call has been signed by most of the prominent bee-keepers in the southern States, including Texas. At this time of the Exposition the railroad fares will bo greatly reduced ; the work in the apiary for the year will be ended ; and the bee-keeper will have a grand opportunity to meet and mingle with his brethren in convention, to shake hands, become acquainted, and talk over questions of vital importance to the success and prosperity of his pursuit. This gathering of bee-keepers will know no lines of lati- tude nor longitude, but will take in the whole American con- tinent. It is hoped that every live and wide-awake bee-keeper will make his arrangements to meet his brethren on the above days. Subjects of the utmost importance to the continued success of this industry will come up for discussion, in which every bee-keeper in our country should feel the deepest in- terest. All bee-papers and agricultural journals are most respect- fully requested to notice the time of this convention. The Kingbird Defended — Birds and Insects. On page 455, there is an article on the bee-martin, or kingbird, as he is variously termed. Mr. Rouse's conclusion seemed to be, that this bird did more harm than good, and that he should be exterminated. My purpose is to enter a plea in behalf of our supposed enemy, and to invite the readers of the Bee Journal to hear a little more evidence before execution of the capital sentence. A pair of these birds nested in my yard this year, and sore has been the temptation, at times, to put a summary end to their depredations. There is no doubt but that they have been living mainly on worker-bees. Early in the morning they are on hand long before the drones are flying. Before the sun is half an hour high they have finished their morning meal. I have seen them catch workers scores of times. They will take up their station on the fence in the line of travel taken by the bees on the way to a patch of early peas, and I have seen them dart into the air and Intercept a bee, and the vicious snap of their mandibles could be heard every minute. When not so eager, they will perch on the top-most bough of a neighboring tree, and as the bee goes humming by, the bird will erect his crest, displaying the beautiful crimson feathers, and when the bee draws near to inspect the sup- posed " flower," she will be snapped up in a twinkling. Again, at noon they may be seen repeating the same performance, and so on day after day. When their young were able to fly, they were led by the parent birds among the hives, and fed at the expense of my bees, right before my eyes. But looking at my bees I see great clusters of idle bees hanging out in front of each. Eais- iug the cover, I find the hives boiling over with their useless population, and I remember that not until the honey season was over did these birds appear in any numbers. Going to the hive on scales, I find a steady decrease in weight every day. The stores left untoftched by the extractor are being devoured by the horde of useless workers. On such occasions I have looked to the bee-birds and re- flected that perhaps they were doing the very thing that the situation required — thinning out an idle horde of consumers merely — for we have no honey-flow at this season, and very little in the fall. » So not being a queen-breeder, my conclusion is to let these specimens of the genus fly-catcher live on to fulfil their mission, which doubtless includes the destruction of thousands of nox- ious insects. Some of my bee-keeping friends in the country take the pains, at this season of the year, to send the children and the servants out in the evening with brush-brooms to kill the nu- merous mosquito-hawks (dragon-flies) that come in scores at nightfall to feed on bees. Realizing that even they are really engaged in reducing a surplus and idle population, I have let them alone. To the apiarist in this section, the kingbird saves more honey than he causes him to lose. Our honey-flow is over be- fore the birds hatch, and where there are many hives, the loss of bees by birds and insects before the young birds hatch Is trifling. Afterwards, the apiarist is interested, and ought to be thankful to the birds for reducing his colonies. The sportsmen in this neighborhood have made the dis- covery that the bee-martin takes on the most extraordinary amount of fat in the fall, and is, they say, at that period the most delicious morsel that epicure ever tasted. I have never tried them. There is a nice balance in nature between the different forms of life in the animal and insect worlds. Some years be- fore the War, the planters in this section, for the purpose of saving their corn in the spring from being pulled up by the birds, put out corn that had been boiled with nux vomica. The wild iDirds were destroyed by thousands. The very next year the army worm ate every green thing in the cotton flelds, and they returned year after year for many years, and until quite lately. It may be conjectured that the just balance in nature between birds and insects has been re-established. Fifteen years ago it was the custom of the young men of the village to go out in the evening and shoot the bull bats or nighthawks, and this continued until they were nearly ex- terminated. It was not long before we had a plague of gnats and flies in the summer time. An ordinance was passed for- bidding the killing of these birds, and after some years the bull bats were again numerous, and the nuisance of the flies and gnats abated. And so with owls, which are Nature's natural check on the increase of rats. I have seen the latter so abundant that they would come into people's houses at night, so that the noise of their scampering overhead and between partition walls made night hideous. This state of things did not last long before the large swamp or gourdhead owl began to be heard In our yards after dark. They have hooted on my gal- lery and screamed after their peculiar fashion at my windows in the silent watches of the night. It was not many weeks before the rats were gone. A certain painstaking naturalist used to watch at the root of a tree where these birds had fixed their nest. He collected the dung thrown out of the nest from time to time, and in this way discovered that rats were the principal diet upon which these birds of Minerva subsisted their brood. The kingbirds consume many kinds of insects besides the bee. They have their place in the economy of Nature, and though it was hard at first to see them snap up my beautiful Italians, I have at last recognized the fact that they do more good than harm to the bee-keeper. T. S. Fobd. Columbia, Miss. Italianizing — A Question. I have been rearing Italian bees for nearly 20 years, but I got careless, neglected discipline, and let them have their own way, until they degenerated into a mongrel race of rebels, with sword unsheathed, ready on the slightest provocation to plunge the dagger into their best friend — the landlord — when he undertook to correct any of their faults, or demand of them rent, which they were seldom able, and never willing, to pay. Becoming impatient with their impertinence, I determined if I could not moralize, I would at least try to civilize, the whole race, by a complete revolution, which I saw could only be effected by exterminating the indolent, vicious rebel (black) blood. To effect this end I obtained Italian queens last year from some of the best breeders in Tennessee, Florida, Louisi- ana and Texas ; some of these queens were from imported mothers, and some of them were from the golden strain, and they were beauties. This year I have reared my own queens, selecting as breeders the best of the daughters of imported mothers, and the golden type, and rearing about an equal number of queens from each of these. Of course I had nothing to do with the selection of drones to mate the queens, but the chances for mating were about equal between the two types — imported and golden. Now I find that the queens of my own rearing are a great Improvement over the queens I purchased. They are, as a rule, larger, more prolificj less spiteful, and better honey- 554 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 29, gatherers. Can any one tell the cause of this improvement? I have my opinion, but I wili withhold it, at least until I hear from others. I will say the result is just what I expected it would be. J. M. Talkington. Searcy, Ark., July 24. Answer. — The above correspondent has answered his question himself — the introduction of better blobd, and more attention to breeding-stock, and greater care to the rearing and development of the queens. This latter is a sine qua non. A queen that is reared in puvcrty—poveily in nurse-bees, pov- erty in amount of royal jelly, poverty in construction of cell — never can prove as satisfactory as one reared under the best natural conditions. CONDUCTED BY DR. C C. MILLBR, JUAJiEKGO, ILL. IQuestlons may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Ur. Miller direct.! Swarming and Facing' of Plives. Does it make any difference about swarming, whether hives face south or east? I have ray hives in one apiary facing east, and at the home apiary they face south. Others also here have their hives facing east and south. Now those colonies in hives facing east swarmed very little, and those facing south very much. The condition of all were the same. I thought it might be possible that the south face may have had something to do with swarming, as the sun is right at the front of the hive almost all day, and It seems to keep the bees uneasy. This is the first time my attention has been called to it, that it may have something to do with swarming. Tacoma, Wash. G. L. Answer. — If all other conditions are precisely the same, and if the sun is allowed to shine on the entrances of the hives, I should expect those facing south to be the most inclined to swarm. Simply from the fact that they get more heat in the course of the day, and it is generally conceded that heat is one of the things that helps to incline bees to swarm. Probably Caused by Worms. I have a colony of bees that the old ones kill the young bees, and carry them out. What is the cause of such work ? G. E. L. Answer. — Most likely worms. The worms build their galleries through the brood, and the young bees injured there- by are cast out. Preparations for Wintering — Camiolan Bees, Etc. 1. When the central combs of a brood-nest are about half filled with honey at the end of the season, should I exchange them for the outside combs, and let the bees winter among their solid combs of sealed honey ? 2. How would a piece of straw matting do (such as is used to cover floors instead of carpets) to put over the brood- nest in winter, and woolen carpets over this ? Would this allow the escape of moisture? 3. What causes the bees to stand on the front of the hives and act as if they were scrubbing? What do they do it for? 4. Do pure Carniolan worker-bees ever have any yellow at the base of their abdomens? J. E. S. Cincinnati, Ohio. Answers. — 1. Better let them alone. 2. I think it would do well. Indeed, some of our best bee-keepers have used straw-mats. As to the escape of mois- ture, of course there is no trouble about its escaping through the mats and carpets, but if everything be tight over it of course the moisture cannot entirely escape. But it doesn't re- quire a great deal of room for escape, and the cracks between hive and cover would probably answer. It is somewhat un- settled whether there is any need of escape if there be opening enough at the bottom. It may be well to say that the straw- ais used in bee-hives are quite different from floor-mats, being an inch or so thick, but if enough thicknesses of floor matting were used, it would amount to the same thing. .3. No, that's one of the mysteries. At one time it was asserted that this " raking " or " wash-board " act was a sure sign of swarming. But I've seen bees at it when there seemed no possible chance of swarming. I think no one knows any- thing about why they do it. 4. That's rather a dangerous question to answer. For original Carniolans are claimed to be grey, and only grey, and yet others claim to have developed Carniolans as yellow as Italians. Of course the latter might admit yellow on any part of a Carniolan, but I think the majority would say there should be no yellow anywhere. Moving Bees a Few Yards. I have my bees within 10 feet of the house. I would like to move them about 25 or 30 yards away, to a yard I have prepared for them. When can I move them without the loss of any bees ' C. H. M. Grove Hill, Va., July 5. Answer. — Probably the best time is after they settle down for the winter, and are not likely to fly again for some weeks. But they can be moved sooner without great loss. If there are no other bees within 50 yards, and honey is yielding, there may be no loss. Move them after they are done flying for the day, and put up before each hive a board so as to pre- vent their leaving the hive without noting where they are. Perhaps it will be better to pile a lot of hay or straw at the entrance of the hive, not packed too tight, but a big lot of it. That will be more of a hindrance than the board. Try to make the old spot look as unfamiliar as possible by cleaning away the old stands, and perhaps putting some unfamiliar objects there. Bees Fighting— Fall Feeding. 1. One of my colonies has been fighting among themselves for the last six or eight weeks. The ones being killed are small, weak-looking bees. They keep fighting all day. I have often caught them fighting, and when I let them go, they go right back to the hive where I caught them, so they can't be robbers. 2. The season in this part of the country was very short, and consequently left a good many colonies in very poor con- dition. Do you think it is best to feed them up this fall, or wait until next spring ? There is no more honey coming in this year. The bees are left on the summer stands all winter without any protection, except one or two quilts. They have good flights almost every week. A. B. Seattle, Wash., Aug. 4. Answers. — 1. When there is any imperfection about bees that incapacitates them for useful labor, they are promptly driven from the community. Something of this kind may be going on at your hives. Possibly bee-paralysis may be troub- ling. In any case I doubt if the trouble will be of long con- tinuance. 2. You will find, I think, that it will be better to do the feeding in the fall. ^^ I ^^ Caging Queens— Probably Honey-Dew— Packing Bees for Winter. 1. When a queen is caged to prevent swarming, and her food becomes all used In the cage, will she die, or will the bees keep her up ? 2. I noticed early in the mornings that my bees came in with a load of something, no matter whether cool, wet or dry morn- ings. They came in a dropping and tumbling condition. I hus- tled out to see if I could find where they work so early. As I came across the meadow, I came to a small black-oak tree, where bees were working on the acorns. I noticed that small drops of water, or honey, were set around the acorn-saucer, and a bee very quickly licked it up. I putsome to my fingers, and it seemed to be waterlike. I went to a hive, took up a bee that just came and missed the hive, tore her apart, and a good-sized drop of nectar rolled down my finger. This is only for an hour in the early morning. I went to the oak tree in the afternoon, and found bees, large ants, and other Insects scoot around on the acorns. The acorns were then dry. The bees rear a good deal of brood, but have not much to store away in the months of July and August. Is this honey, or not? 3. I have in my yard what we call " the old house;" it was 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 555 built in 1762, with six large rooms. I keep this house only for my bee-supplies and shop. I have 6 colonies in a room up-stairs. I bored a half dozen l}-^-iuch holes through a log for an entrance. This room is pretty cold in winter. Which will be the best — to set up boards on the back of the hives, and pack all over with forest leaves, or leave them as they are in winter ? 4. Our latitude is 35^, and I always thought bees would winter better on the summer stands by just putting an empty case on top with some kind of cushion therein ; but the last two winters had a good bit of zero weather, and below zero : therefore, I thought to pack the bees on the summer stands. How would it do to commence moving them together in a row, each day a little, and put up a stand of boards and pack them with leaves ? Or would it be better to make a wall for each hive as they are, and pack them ? I have 30 colonies here and there in a yard of 5,000 square feet. I use the B. Tay- lor double sectional brood-chamber. E. B. K. Brickerville, Pa., Aug. 6. Answers. — 1. When I caged queens in hives I never put any food in the cage, but allowed the bees to feed them. Dur- ing the working season the workers always feed the queen any way, whether she is caged or not. Even if you cage a strange queen in a hive while they still have their own queen, there will always be some bees good-natured enough to feed the strange queen. 2. I suppose it is honey-dew. 3. I think the packing might do some good. Of course that still leaves them a free entrance. 4. There is a division of opinion as to the benefit of pack- ing. Some think the advantage of warmth is overbalanced by the lack of the sun's rays on warm days. It might be a good plan to try part one way and part the other. I think no one denies that plenty of packing on top may do good. Very likely those that are packed will do better if a group are packed together, being gradually moved close in the manner you propose. J^otes ^ Con)n)ct)ts^ CONDUCTED BY Re\'. Emerson T. Abbott, St. J^osepb, Afo. Rheumatism and Bee-Stings. — " Mr. .John Worthington, United States Consul at Malta, has sent us a clipping from the Malta Standard, of April 11, which states that the theory that the virus of the bee-sting is an infallible remedy for acute rheumatism has received most unquestion- able confirmation from the practices of the country people of Malta. Bees are said to be plentiful in the island, and the virtue of the sting as a cure for rheumatism has been long established. It is, in fact, said to have been a common prac- tice for generations past, to resort to this remedy in all severe cases, the result being most favorable." — Insect Life. There is no ]Mlistake. — "Sweet clover is a sort of weed." This was quoted verbatim et literatim, Dr. Miller. In fact, I want to say to you just now that when I make a quota- tion you can stake your reputation for " truth and veracity " that it is there just as I quote it. No use to take space to ask if there is not some mistake. I can read plain print, and when I quote I never put words in any man's mouth. I saw the sentence to which you refer, on page 486, but that is not the one I quoted, by any means. In fact, my comment was written before that was in print. If the editor of Gleanings has met with a " change of heart " on this subject, all I have to say is, I am glad of it. I have been advocating the great utility of sweet clover these half-dozen years or more, and I am glad to know some of the rest of you are finding out what I have known for a long time. Emerson says somewhere, something like this: "A weed Is a plant the use of which has not been found out." I was reminded of this when I read Mr. Wing's letter, on page 434. Why, sir, if his description of the way sweet clover grows in Kansas is true, all that is needed Is for them to " find out its value," and it will have a regular boom in that State. He says it will grow where the soil is as "dry as ashes," but " nothing will eat it." Well, that depends. The cows eat it off here in St. Joseph as readily as they would the best grass you ever saw. Of course, stock must learn to eat it. So must they learn to eat prairie hay. I have seen horses in the East, which had been fed all their lives on good timothy hay, that would not touch the prairie-grass hay which we get in Kansas. They would think it a " pernicious weed." Ripened Honey. — "Honey should be allowed to ripen thoroughly (in the hives, if practicable), and it should never be put on the market unripe, untidy or unclean." — Mr. Pringle, as quoted in Canadian Bee Journal. This would be a good motto for every bee-paper in the country to place at the head of its editorial column, and keep it standing there from week to week — in fact, the year round. I am quite sure that it would go a long ways toward solving the problem of a market for honey, if every man in the land who produces honey would make up his mind to never put on the market any honey that is " unripe, untidy or unclean." There is nothing that so ruins a honey market as a lot of poor, dirty honey. This is not only true of honey, but of any article of human food. The people who live near a market and make flrst-class, clean butter, never have any trouble to sell it. They are not bothered very much about adulteration, nor laws to protect their industry. The superior quality of their goods is their protection. This is the kind of protection, too, which needs no officer of the law to enforce it. Why do we ask for certain brands of goods ? Simply because they have the reputation of being first-class every time, and such a reputa- tion is bound to tell in any line of business. "Always room at the top, young man." This is just as true in the production of honey as in anything else. " Never put any unripe, untidy or unclean ho7iey on the market." Bee-Keeping: in China.— In L'Apiculteur, Rene Madeline gives details on bee-keeping in China, which, on ac- count of the occurrences in that Oriental country to-day, will be read with much interest. Mr. J. Dennler sums up the principal points for the British Bee Journal as follows : 1. Style of hives used. The primitive hive, composed of a hollow trunk of a tree. 2. Apiculture in general. Apiculture is very little prac- ticed in this country. It is often the priests of the temples in the villages who cultivate bees. 3. The harvesting of the honey and wax. This takes place twice a year, in the spring and autumn. For this pur- pose the lower part of the tree trunk is removed, and half the combs are cut out, the bees having been previously smoked. The smoking is done by burning the roots of a species of arte- misia (wormwood). 4. The use made of the honey. It is largely used in phar- macy, and also for making preserves of fruit. 5. The value of honey and wax. Honey sells for one tael the 9i4 pounds. A Chinese pound is equal to about one and a half English pounds. The tael is worth three shillings. In Pekin honey sells for about Is. a pound retail (0.42 cents of a piastre). Wax of first quality sells on the spot for one tael the pound. Second quality wax only realizes one tael for two pounds. These prices are for wholesale in the mountain villages to the north of Pekin. Wax is used in China for the purpose of hardening tallow- candles. It is also used by chemists as a covering to pills, and in this manner the chemical matters contained therein are preserved. 6. Do the Chinese convert honey into drinks ? Not as a rule. Sometimes in summer they put a little honey in hot water and use this as a drink. Lastly, the people in this country have no special appliances for bee-keeping. They use just those that have been always used, and these are cer- tainly most primitive. It^ See " Bee-Keeper's Guide" offer on page 561. 556 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 29, C»c'or^-o 11', Vor7f, - _ liilitttr, PtJBMSHED WEEKLY UY GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, Se Blftb Avonuo, - VlllO^ao. ll.h. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. [Entered at the Pust-Offlce at Chicaco as Second-Class Mail-Matter.] yoiniV. CEICA&O, ILL,, AM. 29, 1895. No,. 35, Editorial Budget. Mrs. Jennie Atcliley has been appointed a dele- gate to represent Texas at the Farmers' National Congress, to be held at Atlanta, Ga., Oct. 12 to 16, inclusive. Dr. Miller called at the Bee Journal office Tuesday, Aug. 20. He was attending a meeting of the executive board of the Illinois State Horticultural Society, then being held in Chicago. I always feel better after seeing Dr. Miller. He must be the sort of tonic I need. Prof. Cook's Entomology Class at Long Beach, Calif., from July 15 to Aug. 15, was very successful. It contained teachers, preachers and fruit-growers. Applica- tions for next season's class are already coming in. That speaks well for the instructor. Prof. Cook wins. The Amalgamation Question.— On page 492 I asked the members of the Bee-Keepers' Union to vote on the question of uniting the North American and the Union into one society. Only six, seemingly, have cared enough about it to vote at all. They are : Jas. A. Stone, Dr. Miller, Wm. Muth-Easmussen, C. Theilmann, M. H. Meudlesou, and L. Eastwood. Their replies will be found on page 568, in cou- nection with those of the regular list of experts who are rep- resented in the Question-Box answers, and to whom the same question was propounded. As might be expected, there is a difference of opinion. Father L,ang:stroth would like to be at the To- ronto convention next week, and will be there if a sufficient amount is contributed to pay his expenses. His daughter, Mrs. Cowan, will accompany him, to take care of him, as she can do it better than any one else. A part of the necessary expenses has already been sent to Father L., by a few of his personal friends, but quite a little is yet needed. Now if any of the Bee Journal readers feel like contributing say one dol- lar or more (or any amount), if they will please send it at once to this office, I will see that it reaches Father Langstroth, and also report it in these columns, unless requested not to do so. This is a fine chance to help give Father Langstroth a grand trip and outing, and those of you who will not attend the meeting at Toronto, and thus be saved that expense, may feel abundantly able to send a dollar or so to make it possible for him to be there. In order to be of use, it will be necessary to be sent at once, as the time is so short. It is a Painful Duty to report crookedness in dealing, but such is sometimes necessary. It will be remem- bered that last spring VV. R. Lightou, of Omaha, Neb r., ad- vertised basswood trees for sale at very low prices. Talcott Bros., of Iowa, who are bee-keepers, sent Lighten a cash order for trees, but the trees never came. After writing, and getting no satisfaction, they reported the matter to this office, whereupon I wrote Lighten, but received only promises to re- turn to Talcott Bros, their money. After patiently waiting, I threatened to publish Lighten if he did not return the money by a certain date. He failed to do it, so I am only keeping my promise in writing this paragraph. I believe in giving every advertiser ample opportunity to straighten up all apparently peculiar transactions, but when any one clearly refuses to do the right thing, I also believe in letting my readers know it. Whenever Mr. Lightou returns the amount of their order to Talcott Bros., I shall be glad to announce it as publicly as I have now reported his unbusinesslike dealing. Only a 'Week, and the North American convention will be in session in Toronto. Are YO0 going to be there? Father Langstroth fully expects to be, and I know all will be glad to see him again. I have never had the good fortune to meet him, so I am anticipating a real pleasure nest week. It is my intention now to leave Chicago next Monday afternoon, reaching Flint, Mich., late that evening, stopping with Bro. Hutchinson until 10 the next morning, when we will proceed to Toronto, arriving there about 7 p.m., Sept. 3. This will give me one day (the Ith) to visit the Industrial Exposition, or run across to the famous Niagara Falls before the conven- tion opens, Wednesday evening. I am looking forward to a delightful time among our Canadian friends and others. I trust the convention may be the best the North American ever held. Whether it will be or not, will depend entirely upon those in attendance. Let each go with the determination to do his and her best to help make it the grandest meeting of bee-keepers this continent ever beheld. marketing' the Honey Crop.— Before me lie two letters asking me to recommend some reliable firm of honey and beeswax dealers to whom can be shipped the pro- ducts of the apiary. By referring to the " List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers," published in every number of the Bee Journal, you will And those who make that very thing a business. Of course we do not guarantee anybody, but we do not knowlnaly permit any dishonest firm to be represented in the advertising columns of the Bee Journal. But before ship- ping your honey or beeswax, he s\irc to have a definite under- standing with the firm to whom you contemplate shipping. It may avoid a heap of trouble later on. I would be glad to have any just complaints against Bee Journal advertisers sent to this office, so that should any un- scrupulous dealers attempt to defraud, they may be "spotted," and their names dropped from among the advertisers in these columns. I don't propose to give such fellows a second chance to trick the honest readers of the Bee Journal. The Chicago meeting of the Illinois State Bee- Keepers' Association will be held Wednesday and Thursday, Oct. 30 and 31, 1895, during the annual Fat Stock Show, when reduced fares will be granted on nearly if not quite all roads. The particular place of meeting in Chicago will be announced later. The Springfield meeting of the same association will be held Nov. 19 and 20, 1895, during the State Odd Fellows' meeting, when there will be low rates all over the State. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 557 My OIllo "Visit was too short. I started the evening of Aug. 8, on the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, in one of those fine Pullman palaces (or " schooners," as some call them). By the way, the old B. & 0. is a splendid road to ride on. I have Rone East on it several times, and every time I like it better. It " gets there!" And right on time. Try it, the next chance you get. You'll enjoy the ride. I did. Well, my first stop was at Sterling, Ohio, Just 12 miles south of Medina. It was 5:30 a.m., and I had 1% hours to wait until a train on another road would take me up to " Rootville.". Don't know where BooJville is? Well, it's where The A. I. Root Co. spreads out over several acres of land, about }4 mile west of the city of Medina. I boarded the train for Medina at 7:17, reaching there about 8:00. Bro. A. I. Root met me at the train accidentally. "Ernest" had expected to meet me, but I came one train earlier than he supposed I would. "A. I." escorted me to Ernest's pleasant home, where I met his devoted wife, and little son. Master Leland, who was playing with Mr. Calvert's young son, Howard, about the same age as Leland. And two bright boys they are. Mr. Calvert, himself, came in soon after, when we had a sort of four-cornered visit for a short time. Ernest then took me over to the office, shop, store, fac- tory, printing-office, book-bindery, tin-shop, truck-garden, warehouse, lumber-yard, bee-yard, and lots of other places "too numerous to mention." Why, I was Just bewildered ! I had seen pictures of the Root establishment, and thought it looked pretty big from the outside, but I found it a heap bigger when I came to look around on the inside. And how neat, clean and conveniently arranged was everything. In the busy season, about 100 employees find work there, with a pay roll of something like $1,000 a week. From Jan. 1 to June 1, over 5,00Q,000 polished honey-sections were turned out. At the time I was there they were about shut down for the purpose of adding a 90-horse power engine, and in other ways nearly doubling their capacity. I was kindly shown through all departments, and enjoyed very much seeing how business is carried on at " The Home of the Honey-Bees." It would take too much time and space to tell all about everything and everybody I met there, but it was a day long to be remembered. In the evening Bro. Calvert, with Mrs. Calvert (A. I.'s oldest daughter), and Mrs. E. R. Root, with the children men- tioned before, took me out for a two hours' carriage ride around Medina. The cemetery is one of the sights. The most neat and comfortable looking "city of the dead" I've seen outside of Chicago's well-kept cemeteries. There are many churches In Medina, and numberless thrifty-looking homes. No saloons there, as might be expected. They know better than to tolerate such a curse. But I did notice acres of tobacco growing between Sterling and Medina. What a large field Bro. A. I. has to work in right at home. But may be it isn't all raised for home consumption. At any rate, I can't help feeling that such a strong anti-tobacco man as A. I. Root is, should put in some good licks near home. I believe Ernest did say his father had "labored" with some of the tobacco-growers, but without avail. What a pity that any one should soil his mouth, hands, and even his farm, with such a filthy weed ! None of that for me, thank you ! In order to catch the first east-bound train at Sterling the morning of Aug. 10, Ernest generously offered to drive mo over. We arose at 5 o'clock, and started at once. It was a delightful Ohio morning, and how I did enjoy that ride of 11! miles ! It was so invigorating, and the visit so pleasant. At 7:15 the train reached Sterling. I said " good-bye " to my friend and brother editor, and started for my old home at Randolph, Ohio, where I arrived about noon. I had not been;.there for four years, so you may know what a pleasure it was to again meet parents, brothers, sisters, and former friends and schoolmates. What a precious week it was ! Not the least enjoyable part was the old Sunday school, where I used to attend when a boy. It did me good to meet with them once more. What with riding and boating, swinging in the hammock, and talking over the days of yore, I did have a restful week, and returned to Chicago feeling well repaid for the effort made before going, in order to be away from the office for so long a time. Mrs. York returned with me, so now I'm not even " wifeless," much less " homeless." I regret that my stay was too short to visit bee-keepers also, though I did meet several in Randolph. All reported the season too dry for honey-production, though some had taken a little honey. •»—¥■ I>(ortIi American and tlie Union.— Mr. P. J. Gunzel, of this State, asks how he is to proceed to become a member of the North American Bee-Keepers' Association and the Bee-Keepers' Union. By sending $1.00 annual dues to W. Z. Hutchiuson, of Flint, Mich., he can be a member of the North American ; and another $1.00 sent to Thomas G. New- man, 147 S. Western Ave., Chicago, 111., will make him a member of the Union. It is now thought by a good many that at least $1.00 per member can be saved by uniting the two organizations into one, and that a much larger and more effective society than either now is would result. Why not? "Xbe Honey Crop," Editor Hutchinson says, " will be light this year, and if honey were a staple like wheat and potatoes, the price would climb up, up, up ; but it is a luxury, and when the price begins to go up, people stop buy- ing it. The prices may go up a Utile, but not much, I think, and I should not hold honey hoping for an advance in prices." C^tfzidmr} Bccdon). A Model Apiary. I have never yet seen one. A great number of pictures of apiaries have been given in the bee-periodicals, many of them having features more or less desirable, but I do not remember one that was worthy of being copied in all respects. The chief defect I have noticed is in the want of proper tree surround- ings. Either there are no trees at all, or they are unsuitable as to nature and height. The only instance I know of in which planting was done with a view to promote the welfare of an apiary, was the setting out of grape-vines by Mr. A. I. Root, the vines being intended to shade the hives. This was good so far, but there are other purposes beside shade to be served by planting. The most important is to furnish accom- modation for swarms. Grape-vines, from the nature of their growth, are not adapted for this purpose. If shade were the only point to be considered, it is easy to provide that without vines or trees. But suitable objects for swarms to settle upon are wanted, and trees answer the purpose best, provided they are not too tall and inaccessible. Bees have swarmed from time immemorial, aud will prob- ably continue to do so down to " the last syllable of recorded time." Some bee-keepers dream of breeding out the swarm- ing instinct, but it is doubtful if it will ever be done, or, if it is, whether it will not be at the cost of some other change in the nature of the bee which will be detrimental to bee-keep_ ing. It is also doubtful if any really practical self-hiver wilj ever be invented. The two great objections to having bees swarm are the difficulty of watching them, and their liability to cluster out of reach. The difficulty of watching can be 558 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 29, overcome, except in the case of out-apiaries. When only a few colonies are kept they can be placed so near the house and in such a readily observable position, that they cannot swarm by stealth, while in a large apiary a watcher can be afforded during swarmiug-time. The other diificulty, that of clustering in inaccessible places, can be overcome by having no tall trees in the immediate vicinity of the apiary. A model apiary will be surrounded by low-growing trees, and to recom- mend the planting and cultivation of such is the main object of this article. When I began to keep bees, I was living on about an acre of land, on which fruit, shade and ornamental trees had been planted about three years. It came the nearest to being a model apiary of any I have had during the 30 odd years that have transpired since. Among the shade and ornamental trees there was a liberal sprinkling of evergreens, for I had an ambition to collect specimens of all the conifers that would flourish in my locality. For a number of years during which I occupied that place, only one swarm went outside of my fence, and every swarm I had clustered on the evergreens, in preference to the fruit and deciduous trees. I am strongly inclined to think that where bees have a choice they will select evergreens to swarm on. Whether it is the fragrance of such trees that is particularly grateful to the bees, or whether the foliage facilitates the formation of the cluster in any way, I do not know, but in all my experience as a bee- keeper I have noticed a most decided preference for ever- greens as clustering-places for swarms. In my model apiary, if I were to start one, I would plant only dwarf fruit-trees and various kinds of conifers. The lat- ter should be branched close down to the ground, and the up- ward growth repressed. Dwarf fruit-trees are not apt to grow more than ten or a dozen feet in height, and should be kept within bounds by judicious finger and thumb pruning. I cannot imagine a more beautiful sight than an apiary might be made to present embowered in a somewhat sparsely-planted grove of dwarf fruit-trees and evergreens, provided the hives were made a little artistic, instead of being the plain, homely- looking boxes which they usually are. Apis Dorsata. I think Canadian bee-keepers in general will endorse the following expression of opinion in the July number of the Kansas Bee Journal : Mr. Holt has the honor, if there's any in it, of creating an interest and a desire to investigate the Giant Bee of India. There is talk of raising a fund to import some of them by way of experiment. Well, when this has been successfully done, if it will be, some wonderful stories told of their merits, and a few fellows have supplied bee-keepers all over with queens of that species, as they certainly would before time had been given to test those bees — well, we can look for a general sick spell among bee-keepers again. It's about time bee-keepers were hunting up something to fool themselves with. The Kansas Bee Journal is for anything that promotes their inter- est ; foolish and expensive schemes we leave to those who can afford them. A bee-writer recently suggested they could be experimented with nearer home. Wise idea. Bee-Sivarmins Hours. Mr. B. Taylor tells us that in Minnesota swarms frequent- ly come out as early as six a.m., and as late as six p.m. He adds: "Those late swarms always remain over night, and I have found many a one by chance the following morning." In upwards of 30 years' experience in bee-keeping in Can- ada, I have never known bees to swarm before eight o'clock in the morning, nor later than four o'clock in the afternoon. How is this 1 I know that, as a general rule, stores open earlier in the United States than in Canada, and the rush of general business is more perceptible in the morning hours, but I did not know before that the bees open shop sooner in the day, and start earlier with their swarming, at the same time keeping it up longer and later. In one case, when my family had arranged to go for a pic- nic on Dominion Day (July 1), and I was loth to leave because I had a colony of bees threatening to swarm, the reproach that I cared more for my bees than I did for my family, led me reluctantly to go. On my return, after dark, I was very grumpy on finding that the bees had swarmed in my absence, but to my surprise and delight I found them hanging on an evergreen bush the next morning. When the bees came off, I do not know. Our picnic party started at 1 p.m., and in this case the bees may possibly have swarmed later than 4. fin}or)^ \)r)c Bee-Papers Gleaned by L>r, Afiiler, THE KEPORT OF THE ST. JOSEPH CONVENTION. From a communication in the American Bee Journal, it appears that Frank Benton, the Secretary of the North Amer- ican Bee-Keepers' Association, has not yet sent in the report of that convention. Mr. Benton received .$2.5 for his services as Secretary, and deserves very strong censure for his action, or ijiaction. Mr. Benton will have to do very much to regain the confidence of bee-keepers. When men act as Mr. Benton has acted we have a right to mark them, just as we have a right to mark those who act in the best interests of bee-keep- ers, and reward them. — Canadian Bee Journal. CBIMSON CLOVER. A. F. Ames, of Claremont, Va., writes thus concerning it in Gleanings: "I noticed the little clipping about crimson clover, in Gleanings. It's a great bee-plant, and comes so early it gets ahead of drouth. Every farmer and bee-keeper should buy it. It stands several degrees below zero here with no protection ; in fact, we think, with Prof. Massey, it is hardier than red ; will also grow on poorer land, but land can be too poor for it. It should be sown early to insure its wintering ; North, not later than last of August. Home-grown seed is much hardier." MOVING BEES A SHORT DISTANCE. H. E. Hill gives the following plan in the American Bee- Keeper : " Remove two or three frames of brood, the queen and majority of the bees to a hive in the new location. Provide the usual mark to arrest the bees' notice, by placing a board against the front of the hive. About the sixth day following, remove all queen-cells ; then, in the evening, place the re- maining portion of the colony, hive and all, upon the one con- taining the queen. In a few days the brood may be restored to its former position, and the extra combs which may have been temporarily used to fill up, removed. Loose bottom- boards are presupposed, as this is one of the many " kinks" facilitated by their use, which would otherwise be impossible.'' HOW THEY DO IN TEXAS. In 1894 my honey crop was 150 pounds per colony, half comb in one-pound sections. I divided one colony in 189-4, and ran it for increase artificially, and made eight colonies from it, and I only gave each division one comb of brood and honey, and one empty comb besides, and they built their own combs and filled up for winter. A narrow starter on the frames is all I used. Yes, I forgot to say that I took some honey from them, too, and weighed the honey I took from one of the eight, which was about an average, and it was 133 pounds, and left them about 40 pounds each for winter. Now, friends, don't think we can do that well every year, for we cannot. — L. L. Skaggs, in Southland Queen. THREE STRAY STRAWS FROM GLEANINGS. " The surplus will be a little whiter in appearance where there is a little capped honey under the top-bar than where the space is taken by brood," says F. A. Snell. That is, sec- tions are darkened if too close to the brood ; and because I 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 559 can't make sure of the strip of honey to make the brood keep its distance, I want a top-bar not less than % thick. [Here is a point for the anti-thick-top bee-keepers to consider a little more than they do ; but this is not the only point in favor of deep bars. — Editor.] I don't know whether it's best to have more than one entrance to a hive ; but I notice that, when there's a small hole half way up the front of the hive, the bees crowd it a good deal more than the regular entrance. It is an old-fash- ioned way ; but as the bees seem to like it, isn't it just possible it is a good thing? [That practical bee-keeper, Mr. Julius Hoffman, of "Hoffman-frame" fame, with his several large apiaries, believes in having two entrances — one at the bottom, and one at the bottom of the second story. His hives are deep. — Editor.] Foul brood cannot be affected by drugs, and it's no use to try anything in that line, seems to be the verdict on this side the water. May be. But in the face of so much testimony in favor of,drugs from good men on the other side of the water, it seems to me pure pigheadedness to refuse to make any trial. If I had a case of foul brood in my apiary I would at least use In the healthy colonies some of the drugs that have a reputa- tion as preventives. If it did no good it could do no harm. [After you had tried as much as we, and failed, your courage would be weak. — Editor.] THE north AMERICAN AND THE UNION. In an editorial in the August Review, Editor Hutchinson says this : "The advantage to the Union would be there would be a face to face discussion each year that would be of great ad- vantage. There is scarcely an organization that does its best unless its members have a grand meeting once a year. This friction of mind against mind in an actual personal encounter and consultation is a great generator of ideas. Better work will be done by the Union when its members hold annual meetings. When the Union holds annual meetings at which may be discussed subjects pertaining to practical apiculture as well as those relating to the Union as it is now conducted, of what use is the North American ? Or, if the North Ameri- can would take up the work of the Union as now performed, of what use is the Union ? In short, what use is there in hav- ing two societies when one society rightly organized can do all the necessary work ? One society can be more cheaply con- ducted than two, and will be stronger and more prosperous. I know that the character of the work of the two societies is somewhat different, but the difference is not of such a charac- ter that the amalgamation of the two Societies could not con- duct successfully all of the branches of the two as now man- aged. " Notwithstanding that I said a month ago that I had no selfish personal ends in view in seeing the two societies united, the story has been started that I wished to get the two societies united and then get control of the amalgamation — in short, to become its Secretary-Manager. Nothing was further from my mind. Under no consideration would I accept the position. I doubt the advisability of any bee-keeping editor accepting that position if such an amalgamation should be effected. There is a certain class that would be jealous of the unlucky editor." Eugene Secor stands with Manager Newman, and says in Review : " It is not clear to me that such a union will prove wise. An increase in the membership of the North American would be desirable from some points of view, and yet, I don't know that numbers alone is necessary to accomplish all that we can reasonably expect such an organization to bring about. " More money in the treasury would be a good thing to have when we want a committee to do some work which is intended for the benefit of bee-keepers at large — such, for instance, as the work of the gentlemen who appeared before the R. R. Classification Committee last winter. They ought not to be obliged to pay their own expenses when working for the com- mon good. And yet I doubt if more could have been accomp- lished for bee-keepers before that Committee if we had ex- pended .$500. Some writers have been lamenting the failure of the North American to bring about any good, and I want to cite that one act as proof of its right to exist." Tbe BIcEvoy Foul Brood Xreatment is given in Dr. Howard's pamphlet on " Foul Brood ; Its Natural History and Rational Treatment." It is the latest publication on the subject, and should be in the hands of every bee-keeper. Price, 25 cents ; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year —both for $1.10. The North American at Toronto. — Although all the program for the meeting of the North American Bee- Keepers' Association at Toronto is not quite ready to an- nounce, Secretary Hutchinson has sent me the following in regard to transportation and hotel arrangements for those at- tending tlje convention at Toronto, Sept. 4, 5, and 6 : The North American will hold its annual convention in the auditorium of the Normal School, at Toronto, Ont., Can- ada, on Sept. 4, 5, and 6, the first session being on the even- ing of the 4th. The Trunk Line Association and the Central Traffic Asso- ciation have both given reduced rates — a fare and one-third. Persons going will buy a ticket paying full fare going, and get a Certificate from their station agent. If a ticket Certificate cannot be obtained because your starting-point is a small place, then buy a ticket to the nearest large town where a Certificate may be obtained. It might be well to inquire of the agent a few days beforehand, and thus learn if he has any Certificates, and the point where one can be obtained if he has none. If 100 persons are present who have come on some legiti- mate form of railroad transportation, all who have Certificates, and have paid as much as 75 cents fare going, will be sold tickets for the return trip at one-third fare. In Canada and Michigan, and in other States, perhaps (but of this I do not know), round trip ticket can be bought for but a single fare. This, of course, will be better than the certificate plan. Per- haps many living a short distance beyond where excursion rates are given, will find it cheaper to buy a regular ticket to the nearest point where excursion rates prevail, but those coming long distances will probably find the Certificate plan the best. Each one must look up these matters iu advance and decide for himself which is the best for him. The Trunk Line Association covers the roads from Niag- ara Falls, Buffalo, Salamanac, N. Y., Pittsburg, Pa., Bellaire, Ohio, Weeling, Parkersburg, and Charleston, W. Va., and points east thereof except New England. I hope to get reduc- tions from New England. The Central Traffic Association covers the territory west of Buffalo and Pittsburg to Chicago, and St. Louis on the west, and the Ohio river on the south. Tickets must be bought not earlier than three days pre- vious to the meeting, and return tickets bought not later than three days after the meeting. The headquarters at Toronto will probably be at the Palmer House, corner of King and York streets. This is $2.00 a day house, but if members will double up, two in a bed, the price will be only $1.50 a day. If separate beds are wanted, it will be $1.75. Remember this is during the Indus- trial Fair, when no reductions at all ought to be expected. The street cars pass the hotel, and they can be taken within a block of the Normal School, where the convention is to be held. While the program is not yet complete, the following can be announced : Thomas G. Newman, Chicago, Ills.— The Bee-Keepers' Union: Its Past, Present, and Future. Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, III. — Amalgamation of the North American Bee-Keepers' Association and the Bee-Keep- ers' Union. Hon. John Dryden, Minister of Agriculture, Toronto, Canada — Address of Welcome, Etc. A short address by Jas. Mills, M.A., L.L.D., President of the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Canada. S. T. Pettit, Belmont, Ont. — Introducing Queens. » Ernest R. Root. Medina, Ohio— Bee-Paralysis : What We Know and Should Do About It. Alien Pringle, Selby, Ont.— Mistakes of Bee-Keepers and Bee-Journals. H. R. Boardman, East Towusend, Ohio— How to Feed Bees Profitably. Hon. R. L. Taylor, Lapeer, Mich. — How Bee-Keepers Might Receive More Benefit from the Experiment Stations. F. A. Gemmill, Stratford, Ont.— Who Shall Winter Bees Out-of-Doors ; Who in the Cellar ? Dr. J. P. H. Brown, Augusta, Ga.— What is Indicated by Color in Italian Bees ? James Heddon, Dowagiac, Mich. — The Proper Size of a Brood-Nest, and How It Shall be Decided. B. Taylor, Forestville, Minn.— The Surest and Best Way of Producing a Crop of Comb Honey. G. M. Doolittle, Borodino, N. Y.— Some Things of Interest to Bee-Keepers. R. McKnight, Owen Sound, Ont. — Legislation for Bee- Keepers. Flint, Mich. W. Z. Hutchinson, Sec. 560 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 29. Attention, Bee-Keepers ! We are Noiv Ready lo Receive Shipments of HONEY, both Coiiil) & Extracted ALSO For the Season of 1895-96. We have made preparations to store Comb Honey in Any Quantity. This is our Fifth Year as a HONEY COMMISSION HOUSE. We received 812 Shipments last year. We kindly solicit the business of our friends of former years, and a Trial Shipment of all Bee-Keepers in the Country. J. Ji^. r-.JL]N^o:N", 43 South "Water Street, - CHICAGO, ILL. UNION ONE MAN WITH THE COMBINATION SAW Can do the work of four men using hand tools, in Kipping-. Cutting-off, Mi- tring, Kabbeting, Groov- ing. Gaining, Dadoing, ^J^'^^'l.yi jfir- Edglng-up. Jointing Stuff, J l^''^^ «'<>• Full Line of Foot and •'"'" -'^^ Hand Power Machinery. Sold oil Trial. Calalogae Free, SKNECA FALL»> MFG. CO., 46 Water St., SENECA FALLS, N. Y 27D1<< Mention the American Bee Journal. GOLDEN QUEENS From a $50.00 Breeder obtained of Doolittle. Also Leather Colored '^Sov-s%%%y"Lum. ported Queens, Price— 1 Queen. 50c.; 6 for J2.75; $5.00 per dozen. Will warrant 95^;. of Queens purely mated: Bees to be gentle and excellent honey-gatherers. H. CJ. QIIIKIN, U4Atf BELLEVOE, Huron Co., OHIO. Mention the American Bee Journal. The Home Remedy Case M 1 r— 1 " f ,1 , , , , . . „ . ^ ^ F=-f^ =^ ^=^ ===: S ^ =: 1 :' «l M y ^ W- kxi Ss -r-TiA «* @ Sfe m m Ba NO DANGER IN ELASTICITY. Some nianufartuiers admit that it'.s a good thing, "but don't want too much of it.' Tlio'Way they use it reminds us of the chick- en broth another fellow made by hanging a fowl so as to cast a shadow on a cistern full of water, then season t,o suit the taste. Our people like it stronger, spring enough lo toss a ton of live beef lil;o an apple in a mill race. That stylo of elasticity demands strength of m.'Ltcrial. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich. Mention the A.iiicrican Bee JouiiiaU WANTED ! 10,000 pounds of BEESWAX, for Cash. Address, IjEAHY MFG. CO., Hlgglnsville, Mo. BERKSHIRE, Cheater White, Jersey Red A Poland China iPlOB. .lersey, Guernsey A Hol- Btein Cattle. Thoronghbred Sbeop Fnncy Poultry, Hunting -^^^ ^ - Qud House UoKs. Cataloene. 8. W. SMITrfrCochranvllle, Cheater Co., Pa. 1JD26 Mention the American Bee Journal. This choice selection consists of 15 Reme- dies, especially chosen with a view to the most probable requirements of the family; put up^ln a nice Leatherette Case with a Book- let of Directions so clear that no one can go wrong. The supply of Medicines is quite enough for months, perhaps years, and will save you many times what it cost, besides much trou- ble and anxiety during sickness in the family. These are no patent medicines 1 When any of the Remedies are used up, we will promptly mall a duplicate bottle of the same Remedy on receipt of 25 cents for each bottle. If you value life and health, this Case is worth its weight in gold to any family 1 Price, prepaid, $3.00, A Liberal Offer.- We offer the "Home Remedy Case " and the American Bee Jour- nal for one year— both for only $3. 00— making the Bee Journal free. Send postal card for free Circular. Address. 0. W. YORK & CO., 56 5th Ave., Chicago, 111. Saved $10 in Doctor's Bills. Here is an unsolicited testimonial that we have received, and which speaks for itself : Newton, N. J., Aug. 10, 1895. I am pleased with the Home Remedy Case. My wife says it has saved us $10.00 in doctor's bills. Respectfully, C, U, Siiekwood. THE BOTTOM IS OUT For the next 60 days we will sell Warranted Purely-Mated Queens At 55 cts. each; 6 for $3.00. Tested, 75 cts.; 6 for $4.00. All Queens sent by return mail. Satisfaction guaranteed. Address, liElMlNGER BKOS.. 33Etf FT. JENNINGS, OHIO. When ANMveniNa THit aovertibemsnt, mention thh muhnau (^cr)cr^\ Mcn}s^ Honey Crop Above the Average. Bees are doing well in this part of the world, and the honey crop for 1816 will be above the average. Mrs. J. N. Heater. Columbus, Nebr., Aug. 15. Working on Buckwheat. The honey crop has been almost a total failure in this locality. I have only 3(X) pounds from ',(5 colonies, and there is hardly any honey in the hives, but the bees have commenced working on buckwheat, and they may get enough for winter yet. A. W. Smith. Parksville, N. Y., Aug. 10. Bee-Keepers and Bee-Joiumals. Mr. Editor: — In your program, on page 534, for the approaching North American convention at Toronto, that is a queer sub- ject you have me down for, to- wit: " Mis- takes of Bee-Papers and Bee- Journals." Now, know all men, whom it may concern, by these presents, that I never consented to write or speak on such a subject ; albeit I did promise that I would (accidents ex- cepted) write upon the following subject for the convention, to-wit: " The Mistakes of Bee-A'i?q)P)-« and Bee-Journals." That the latter really do make mistakes we have the evidence right here, for this is one, and an absurd one. 1 shall certainly endeavor to utilize a spare hour between this and the convention in laying out bee-keepers and editors — I mean their mistakes. Allen Pringle. Selby, Ont., Aug. 20. [Thank you, Bro. Pringle, for that cor- rection. It's all the fault of the Canadian Bee Journal, from which I first put into type the program published on page 5'34, except the last four essays and essayists, which were sent by Secretary Hutchinson. But I notice in the August Review your subject is printed the same way. I think you'll have to " go for" some other editors this time. And yet I know it isn't very commendable in me to copy their errors. Permit me to suggest that your subject does not include the "laying out " of any editom. If you stick to your text, you will name no particular editors at all. — Editor.] Something About Crimson Clover. Crimson clover was introduced in this country several years ago by the late Dr. Haradine. Being a great lover of flowers, he was attracted to this plant by its great beauty, which is hardly exceeded by the finest flower that adorns yard or garden. The beautiful deep green which may be seen all through the winter when not en- tirely covered by snow, grows deeper and brighter as spring advances, until May, when the flowers appear, making a sight to behold and to remember. At first its value as a forage plant was not understood, and as a soil restorer it was unknown. Everyone admired its beauty, and numerous plots were grown for orna- mental purposes, but years elapsed before farmers awoke to its value as a regular I rotation crop. It is now grown in all parts 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 561 Biggest Premium We Ever Offered ! THE BEE-KEEPER'S GUIDE: OR MANUAL OF THE APIARY. BV PROF. A. J. COOK. This 15th and latest edition of Prof. Cook's magnificent book of 460 pages, in neat and substantial cloth binding, we propose to give away to our present sub- scribers, for the work of getting new subscribers for the American Bee Journal. A description of the book here is quite unnecessary— it is simply the most com- complete scientific and practical bee-book published to-day. Fully illustrated, and all written in the most fascinating style. The author is also too well-known to the whole bee-world to require any introduction. No bee-keeper is fully equipped, or his library. complete, without "The Bee-Keeper's Guide." HERE IS OUR GRAND OFFER: Send us Two New Subscribers to the Bee Journal (with .§2.00), and we will mail YOU a copy of Prof. Cook's book free as a premium. No premium is also giv- en to the new subscribers, under this offer. The postpaid price of the book alone is $1.25, or we club it with the Bee Journal for a year — both together for .§1.75. But surely anybody can get only two new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year, and thus get the book as a premium. Let everybody try for it. We want to give away 1000 copies of this book by Oct. 1. Will you have one ? GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 56 Fifth Ave., CHICAGO, ILLS. California ^ n you care to know of Its Fruits, Flowers Climate or Kesources. send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rnral Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated, $2.40 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL, PRESS, 220 Market St.. - SAN FRANCISCO. CAL. GOLDEN QUEENS From Texas. WbUSS' as well as for Beanty and Gentleness. ^~ Safe arrival and reasonable satisfac- tion guaranteed. Write for Price-List. Untested, 7 5c— Warranted, $1. J. D. GIVENS, ^^^SP^'TBx. 10A26 Mention the American Bee JoumaX. THROAT AND LUNG DISEASES, DR. PEIRO, Specialist Offices: 1019, 100 State St., CHICAQO. Hours 9 to 4. A GIVEN PRESS. APIARIAN SUPPLIES I'^ll.?^?^. Keeper "—how to manage bees, etc.— 25 cts. The ''Model Coop." for hen and her brood. Wyandotte, Langshan and Leghorn Eggs foi hatching. Cat. free, but state what you want. J . W. BOUSI! & CO. , Mexico, Mo. This celebrated Press for making Comb Foun- dation Is acknowledged to make It most ac- ceptable to the bees. I have one which has been used, but Is in perfect order. The outfit consists of— 1 Given Press with Lever, llxl6!4 Inches. 4 Dipping-Boards, 10xl6Vi. 4 Dipping-Boards, 10x12. 2 Dipping-Boards. 6x16^. 2 Double Boilers for Wax. 1 Book of Dies. 9xl6!4. 1 Book of Dies, 9x12. The outfit cost over $100, and ig a great bar- gain for any one desiri ng to make Foundation for personal use. I offer it for $50.00, free on board cars here. Thos. G. Newman, '*'cli°i'^VGo,T.°i.'^"''- jECTlOE B^EE-MIVES, mHIPPMO-jjASES We make a Specialty of these Goods, and defy Competition in QTJ.A.rjITY, ■WOR-Kl./EA.ISTSIIIP and PK,ICES. r~ Write for Free Illustrated Catalogue and Price-List. Gr. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis. ^^T" Be sure to mention the American Bee Journal when you write. _^t of the United States, and is now no longer a matter of experiment. It is good for bay — will yield 2 to 3 tons per acre of the finest quality. It is valuable for seed, which it produces in large quantities. It makes ex- cellent bee-pasture, and as a honey -plant it cannot be excelled. It is good for fall and early spring pasture, and is the only clover that remains green all winter; and its greatest value is in its ability to store up plant-food, and at the same time send down deep-feeding roots in the subsoil, and bring to the surface elements of fertility that would be otherwise lost. Crimson clover is an annual, and must be sown in its proper season; this extends from Aug. 1 until the last of October. Eight to 10 quarts of seed per acre are usually sown. If any of the readers of the Ameri- can Bee Journal would like to test a sample of crimson clover, I will mail a package for a couple of stamps for postage. L. Staples. Grand Rapids, Mich., Aug. 14. Stored Fine Yellow Honey. Bees up to July 25 barely made their liv- ing, but from that time they gradually gained in stores and surplus, of very fine yellow honey, and now some of the best colonies have filled two and three cases of 28 sections each. C. Tueilmann. Theilmanton, Minn., Aug. 13. Illinois State Members' Reports. The last report from the members of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association is so light that I came very near making up my mind not to send it in. However, here it is: Frank X. Arnold, of Deer Plain, answers as follows: 1. How many colonies ? 123. 3. What are the prospects for a honey crop ? Fair. 3. How much honey gathered to date ? About 1,900 lbs. 4. Is the honey gathered No. 1 or not ? Yes, mostly clover. M. Bevier, of Bradford— 1. 37. 3. Not very good; has been too dry. 3. None; it is all the bees can do to make a living. Peter Blunier, of Roanoke— 1. (il. 3. As the rains have come now, a little fall honey may be expected. 3. None to any amount. 4. What little I have is good. W. G. Cole, of Canton -1. 10. 2. Poor. 3. Probably 40 lbs. 4. Looks well; haven't tasted it. P. J. England, of Fancy Prairie— 1. 14. 3. Good for a fall fiow. 4. None. Dr. C. C. MiUer, of Marengo— 1. 146. 3. Nix. 3. 000. Jas. Poindexter, of Bloom ington—1. 144. 3. Doubtful if sufficient for winter stores. 3. 00. 4. It has been fair quality. Geo. F. Bobbins, of Mechanicsburg — 1. 37. 3. Good — for next year. 3. Are you mak- ing fun of me ? 4. Yes. Pres. J. Q. Smith, of Lincoln- 1. 47. 3 Poor. 3. None since last report. Jas. A. Stone, of Bradfordton— 1. 60. 3. Poor. 3. Hives are growing heavy, but none to spare for surplus so far; bees swarming in August. Jas. a. Stone, Hec. 562 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 29, Non - Stinging NonSwarminff ■' ^ ^ ^ This famous strain oT Yellow-Banded Bees are griving: satisfaction where tbey have been introduced. I have had tnls strain in my api- ary six years, and never have liad a swarm of bees from them. And In the particular colo- ny from which I am rearing Queens, I have never received a sting. Every subscriber to the Aiuerican Kee Journal uan obtain one Warranted Queen by remitting 75 cts. Or $1.50 pays for the above bee- paper and one of the finest " Adel " Queens. TESTIMONIAL. Willow Grove. Del,, July 16, 1895. Mr. H. Alley: The beat queen I have came from you. The colony has stored 119 pounds comb honey from fruit bloom and crimson clover. White clover is a complete failure. J. Colby Smith. HENRV AI.LEV, 34Atf WEN HAM, MASS. Mention the American Bee Journal. TAKE NOTICE! BEFORE placing your orders for SUP- PLIES, write for prices on 1-Piece Bass- wood Sections, Bee-Hives, Shipping -Crates, Frames, Foundation, Smoliers, etc. PAGE & LYON MFG. CO. NEW LONDON, WIS. Mention the American Bee JoumaL Queens 3 or 5 Banded— Untest'd 60 cts.: 6 for*:).25. Tested, 75c.; 6 for $4. -25. €HA!«. H. THIES, Steele viLLE, III. Mention the American Bee Journal. 34Atf Promptness Is What Counts ! Honey-Jars. Shipping-Cases, and every- 1 thing that bee-keepers use. Root's I Goods at Root's Prices, and the I best shipping point in the country. Dealer In Honey and Beeswa.\. Cata- liTrJltAve. Walters. Ponder INDIANAPOLIS. IND. Mention tfie Amerlam Bee Jmvnial. LAST CALL I Goldcu Italian oii!>c to many inqui- ries I will renew my special oirer for a short time only : — Five " SI. Joe" Hives, I}t?.SIory, eut ready lo nail— no see- tions— lor <$3.30 lo any one who has never had a erale of these Hives. I sell I>adant'$ roundation at tiieir prices ; pay CASH lor BEESWAX, and keep a slock of Shipping-Crates and Other Bee-Snpplies. SPECIAL PRICES the rest of the season. Write and say what you want. EMERSON T. ABBOTT, When Answering this Advertisement, Mention this journal. ST JOSEPH MO 3-Frame Miicleiis and Italian Qneen -$2.50.- Untested ftueens, 75c,; Six for $3.50. Discount on Qnantltles. FULL-imE-OF-SDPPLIZS. I. J. STRHVOHAM, 105 Park Place. NBW YORK. N. T Mention the American Bee Journal. PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION Has No Sag In Brood-Frames Thin Flat-Bottom Foundation Has No Fishhoue in the Sarplos Honey. Betne the cleaneet Is usually worked the QuickBBt of any Foundation made J. VAN DEIISEN & SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Sprout Brook MontKomery Co., N. Y. A Tlioiisaod Tons of Comb Honey ^ Will be made on the Foundation sold by us this year. That is why ^ WE NEED BEESWAX. Now is the time to order your Foundation for 1896. Although the ou both Beeswax and Foundation for the balance of the season, we want all ^ The Beeswax You Have to Offer. ^~ Send for Catalogue of Bee-Snpplies, I^augstrotli Revised, etc. CHAS. DADANT & SON, Mention the American Bee Journal. HAMIIiTON, Hancock Co., II.L. THE COMEmOlf Will of course take me away from home a few days, but customers need not hesitate on th,at account in sending for queens, as I shall leave the nuclei well-stocked with Queens, and Mrs, H. can fill orders .iust as well and as promptly as I can. "By Return Mall "will be the motto just the same whether I am at homeor not. Single Queens. $1.00; sixfor$5.00. One Queen and Kevikw for $1.50; one Queen and the book •' Advanced Bee-Culture," for $1.2.5: Queen, Book and Review, $2.00. Remember that the Queens are bright, young tested Queens, strictly flrst-class in every respect. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.. Mention the American Bee Journal IT TELLS ITS OWN STORY I We are receivius hundreds of XestilllOllialS speaking of the Higll Quality of the goods that are turned out by us ; but we have space for and re- produce on the advertising pages of the various bee-periodicals only a very few. In addition to the one already given recently, here is one that tells its own story: The A. I. Root Co. :— I must compliment you on the degree of perfection to which you have attained in the manufacture of bee-supplies. I have been, as you may know, in the bee- business for about 20 years; and during that time I have obtained my supplies Irom many manufacturers, north and south, but have not found any that would compare favorably with the goods made and sold by you, either in quality of material used or in workmanship, so I have settled back permanently on the A. I. Root Co. as my base of supplies. Eddy, N. Mex. J- SiNGi-ETON. We are making preparations to nearly double our capacity for turning out goods ; and do you wonder at it after reading such letters as the above ? Send to the A. I. Root Co. for large, illustrated catalog, N. B.— SHIPPING PACKAGES for both comb and extracted honey on hand ready for prompt shipment. MeiUion Vie American BccJoxmuil. TIlC A. I. ROOT CO., Metliiia, O. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT SI.OO PER ANNUM. 35tli Year. CHICAGO, ILL., SEPT. 5, 1895. No. 36. Five Representatife Bee-fomeii. No. l.—Mrs. L. Harrison. No. 1. — Mrs. Harrison needs no introdu' tion to the readers of bee-literature. F^.i years she has unceasingly used her voice and pen in disseminating apiarian inforuia tion. Her name has from the first been among those who reply to the Question- Box conundrums in the Bee Journal. Her home Is in Peoria, 111. No. 2.— Miss Wilson is Dr. Miller's good sister-in-law, and competent assistant in his apiaries at Marengo, 111. She writes quite frequently tor Gleanings. To know her is to admire her for her strong womanly qualities and genuine good-heartedness. No. 3.— Mrs. Sherman, of Salado, Tex., is probably the best-known bee-woman of the South. Her very countenance bespeaks goodness and kindness of heart. In ISSS. No. -Mrs. Sdllie E. Sherman. No. 2. — ilisa Emma Wilson. from 40 colonies of bees, she alone took 6,000 pounds of boney, mostly extracted, and 100 pounds oi wax. Though she seldom writes, her bee-articles are very helpful and entertaining. No. 4.— Mrs. Axtell is another of Glean- ings' popular contributors, though having written occasionally for these columns in years gone by. Although not a prolific writer, she is practical and interesting. In 1882. from 180 colouies she (and her hus- band) secured 30,000 pounds of comb honey. Mrs. Axtell lives at Roseville, 111. No. 5. — Mrs. Heater is another whose name is found in the list of bee-experts represented iu the Question-Box of this journal. Her apiarian experience dates from 1881, and for the last 13 years her No. 4. — Mrs. Sarah J. Axtell. " Eureka Apiary" has numbered 12.5 to 150 colonies. She is one of Nebraska's honored bee-sisters, her home being at Columbus. iJlfi. ViyP^T " "jyL: ^^ Ik 1^ ■saw*.- Jfgff^ ^k/^^^ / '■ No. 5.— Mrs. J. N. Heater. 566 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Sept. 5, Coj;)tributed /V^ticles^ Oh Lmjiort ant Apiarian Subjects. Underground Bee-Cellar — How to Make It ? BY G. M. DOOLITTLE. During, and at the end of every winter in which there is long-continued cold weather, reports come in of great mor- tality of bees, and as the last winter was one corresponding to the above, though not so long-continued as was that of 18S2- 83, in which nearly 75 per cent, of all the bees in the United States perished, yet there was cold of sufBcient duration to cause the reports of heavy losses to come forward in sufficient numbers to show that the colonies of bees in the Northern States depreciated fully 25 per cent, since the previous fall, among those colonies which were left to " while winter away" on the summer stands. These losses cause the bee-keepers' eyes to be turned toward cellar-wintering, and as I have been quite successful in wintering bees in a wholly underground bee-cellar, I am requested to give a description of the same in the American Bee Journal. At the west side of my bee-yard is a small knoll into which I dug a hole 24 feet long, S feet wide, and 11 feet deep at the back end, and 'd)i at the front. I next dug a trench all around the outside of the bottom of this hole, the same being S inches deep at the southwest corner, and 20 inches at the northeast corner, from which the drain went, so as to make the bottom dry, if it ever should become so wet that water ever came into it. This trench was filled with fine stone, and on these stones was built a wall of mason work, one foot thick, and six high, very much as any cellar-wall is built, except as to thickness. In this way the floor or dirt bottom of the cellar is always free from water, or comparatively dry, although it is never so dry that dust will form. On the walls, pieces of timber 4 by 8 inches were placed, so as to form plates for rafters, which were made of 2x8 hem- lock, and placed about 18 inches apart so as to hold the great weight of dirt which was to be placed over the roof. On the rafters were nailed common inch hemlock boards, the joints between the boards being made tight enough so that no dirt would rattle through. Over these boards, or this inner roof, dirt was put on so that there was no place where the earth was less than three feet deep. This whole work was done in a very dry time, and the dirt put on over this roof was so dry that the dust would fly in shovelling it. To keep this dirt dry (as frost will not penetrate dry earth nearly so deep as it will damp or wet earth), another roof was placed, made of rough hemlock lumber, the boards running up and down, with the cracks battened, this being much larger than the inner roof, so as to carry the water out beyond the dry earth some dis- tance, so it would not soak back into the dry earth. A ventilator was placed on the rear end, having a throat 6x8 inches in size, and a sub-earth ventilator was provided, coming in at the front end, the same being 100 feet long and 4 feet deep at the cellar end, by 18 inches deep at the outer end, this making an average depth of about 2>o feet, so that the cold outer air would be quite materially warmed in enter- ing the cellar. These ventilators had gates or doors in them so that the ventilation could be controlled from none at all to the full capacity of each. In high cold winds I had to keep all closed, or the temperature of the cellar would be caused to run down to the freezing point or below, while in still, warm weather there would be little if any circulation through either. The regulating of these ventilators made so much work that I gradually began to leave them closed, for a short time at first, then longer, until one time, at the end of a month, I could not see but what the bees were just as well off as they were when I was spending much time in manipulating the gates in them. This resulted in my leaving them closed all the while, and I found by doing so that the temperature in the cellar did not vary two degrees in all winter, no matter whether it was 30- below zero outside, or 60^ above. After a time I found that my hemlock roof was getting rotten and must be renewed, which was done, but as this last held no longer than the first (the time being only about five years in either case), I decided to make this inner roof of something which would last as long as I lived, so about six years ago I covered it with flagstone, the same taking the place of the inner roof, as this was the one which decayed so often. In putting on this flagstone roof I made no provision for ventilation, and during the past five winters the bees have been remarkably quiet, and wintered extremely well with no air entering but that which came through the flagstone roof, the walls of mason work, and the wooden doors. The wall at the entrance was run out six feet, and only wide enough to take a door frame, using a common door. In this space I use three doors, so as to enclose two dead air spaces when the three are shut, while at the end of the wall is a little room which I call an " ante-room," this having a door also ; yet with all this provision the inside of the inside door is the coldest place in the whole cellar, when all are shut. In this cellar the bees enjoy one long, totally dark night, the night lasting from about Nov. 5 to the 15th, when they are put in, to April 20 to the 25th, when they are put out; while during all this time the temperature keeps an even 43'J to 45-3. I consider that this keeping of an even and uniform temperature has very much to do with successful cellar-win- tering, and had I a cellar whose temperature could not be kept within the bounds of from 40° to 483, standing the most of the time at from 433 to 45°, I would prefer to leave the bees on the summer stands in chaff-packed hives. Borodino, N. Y. Bee-Keeping in Southern California. BY DR. E. GALLUP. In the first place, one should locate his apiary in a shel- tered locality. To illustrate: The apiary that I managed two seasons in Ventura county was located on rather a high point of land, slanting to the east. The west side of the apiary was fully exposed to the prevailing coast breeze. It was almost impossible to get a young queen fertilized and back into her hive, and a large proportion of the working force was unable to make headway against the wind and get to their hives. The consequence was, the east side of the apiary was always strong with bees, and produced the largest amount of the honey. I could ex- tract from the east side of tener than from the west. The api- ary could have been located but a short distance west, on lower ground, and where they would have been protected from the prevailing wind by large live-oak trees, and it would have been a great sight more satisfactory to me. The first season a young man had his bees all on the west side, and the consequence was he lost some 30 or over of his young queens, and I have no doubt that at times I got a large share of his working force. The second season I put all my increase on the west side, and lost nearly every young queen. The young man moved his bees to a new locality. Many of our California bee-keepers pay but very little attention to their bees — only at extracting-time, and then they take out all the honey they can get, and leave them the bal- ance of the year to work out their own salvation. But there is a vast difference between that kind of bee-keeping and the man who keeps his bees in the right condition, and gives them all the necessary care and attention. To illustrate : Mr. Andrew Joplin started in this season with 150 colo- 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 567 nies of bees, in rather poor condition, owing to the past sea- son's entire failure. He made new hives, and transferred nearly half his bees so as to get them into a different hive, on different sized frames, etc. He destroyed all the old, black combs, and replaced with foundation, using altogether nearly 300 pounds of foundation. He made all his increase by build- ing up nuclei, so as not to draw on his working force. He is rather a slender young man, not extra strong, and he sums up 23 tons of honey, 200 colonies of bees in excellent condition, and two tons more of honey yet in the hives to extract ; and all this with the assistance of a young boy to chore about, turn the extractor, etc. He let the bees get the start of him in the forepart of the extracting season, and could not keep up with them and extract as often as he should have done. In my opinion, transferring, and giving the bees foundation, was an advantage, as it gave the queens abundance of room to spread themselves, right in the height of the breeding sea- son. The consequence would be an extra-large force of workers to gather the nectar when it came. Mr. .loplin's apiary is located in Bell canyon, protected on all sides from winds. His apiary and Mr. Miller's, about one mile south, are the only apiaries in that canyon, and it is an excellent location. I had the 10-frame standard Langstroth hive, and S frames in the super, and my plan was to have the whole 10 frames filled with brood, and all good and prolific queens, be- fore putting on the supers. If a colony did not fill up with brood soon enough to suit me, I would draw full frames of brood from other colonies, and fill my extracting colonies with brood, and let those that I drew from fill up at their leisure. By this practice I secured 3}^ tons of honey the second season in Ventura, when my neighbors got nothing, and in the fall I had all my bees in excellent condition. I want an extra-large force of workers, and on such a colony I can place two supers, and have both filled, while an ordinary colony will only fill one ; and in many cases I could extract twice from the large colony to once from the other. When we have such an extra- strong colony, they do not restrict the queen in breeding, but take possession of the super at once, and let the queen spread herself, and that suits me. Santa Ana, Calif., Aug 10. ■^ What Dr. Miller Thinks. Capacity of Brood-Chambers. — There ought to be some definite understanding as to the way of estimating the capacity of brood-chambers. On page 534, C. W. Dayton says he has arrived at 2,000 cubic inches as the proper size of a brood- chamber. That's just what the lamented Quinby said years ago, but his 2,000 inches meant a very different thing from that of Mr. Dayton. Quinby estimated the space occupied, or to be occupied, by the combs, and Mr. Dayton adds thereto the space occupied by the frames and the space about the frames. Mr. Dayton speaks of his 16-frame Gallup hives measur- ing 24x12x12, and calls their capacity 3,466, a mistake of 10 inches in figuring having probably been made. Now if you estimate the top-bars, bottom-bars and end-bars of those 11 Jixll^' frames at only \i inch thickness, I think you will find that according to Quinby's way of computing, the cubical contents will be more than 2,773, and you will see that Mr. Dayton makes it about a fourth more than that. I believe the right way to measure the cubical contents is Quinby's way, and the measuring should be done inside the frames. If we take the measurement of the hive with no frames in it, then we have no fair means of comparing the contents of two different hives. For in two similar hives, if one has thick and the other thin top-bars, then one will hold less comb than the other. Suppose we take the common Dove- tail hive with %-inch thick top-bars, and compare with it another of the same dimensions only >2 the height. Will the smaller contain just ^ as much as the other ? Not by any means, if rightly measured. It will only hold about % as much. Brood in 8 and 10 Frame Hives.— On page 534, C. W. Dayton applies the same conditions to the outside combs of 8 and 10 frame hives. As a result of observing hundreds of cases, I find my bees put very much more brood in the out- side combs of the smaller hive, so that instead of figuring that the smaller hive will have two frames less of brood, it will be nearer the truth to say it has one frame less. Dark and Light Linden Honet. — In the well-written article on page 535, Mr. Hahman speaks of two kinds of lin- den honey, one of an amber shade, and one of lighter color and inferior flavor. That's something new to me, and I'd like to know whether there is no mistake about it. Preventing Swarming. — Kev. W. P. Faylor mentions on page 536 three things he does to help in the prevention of swarms. I have less faith than I formerly had in keeping out drone-brood and in changing brood-frames, but I have a good deal of faith in the plan of giving abundant ventilation under the whole of the hive. Years ago it was a common practice with box-hives, and this summer some of my hives have been raised up and an inch block placed under each corner. Cutting Out Drone-Comb. — Isn't there a little misunder- standing between P. A. and Dr. Brown on page 542 ? The Doctor is talking about cutting out drone-comb in the brood- chamber where it will be a detriment, and P. A. is talking about it in a super over an excluder where it can do no harm. Strawberry Pollination. — " I want to suggest that it is a little dangerous to tackle these botanical questions unless you are keeping yourself well read up on the subject," says Bro. Abbott, page 543. I well know that, and that's why I am just a little careful about making positive statements, and only ask questions, as in the case of the question I asked him lately, whether a pear seed from a pear tree grafted on a quince would produce a quince tree. I am watching with some interest to see his answer, so as to know what is the up- to-date practice of seeds nowadays. But when a man is Ignorant, and wants to keep himself " well read up," 1 suppose he is always accorded the privilege of asking questions of those who are well read up. I confess ignorance ; I'm not well read up, and now I turn hopefully to Bro. Abbott with a question to which I hope he will give a direct answer, yes or no : Can you raise a crop of Crescent strawberries with no staminate blossoms within a mile ? High-Geade Hybrid Bees. — James Wood writes that he thinks the apparent clash between himself and B. T. Stone, as commented on by me on page 519, may be reconciled by supposing that by high-grade hybrids Mr. Stone means what we call leather-colored Italians. It hardly would seem so from his speaking of " 3 and 5 banded bees," and then saying hybrids are better, that he could be confusing the two, but Mr. Stone can say for himself whether he means 3-banded leather-colored, pure Italians, or hybrids. Mr. Wood thinks if I could see some of the apiaries of hybrids in eastern New York, and then step over the mountains into Cary's Italian apiary, and see him work without veil, and rarely get a sting, and then see his bees work beside these hybrids, I would jump at a conclusion pretty quick. Marengo, III. 1®" See " Bee-Keeper's Guide" offer on page 575. 568 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Sept. 5, " Dividing Colonies for Increase." BV W. D. FRENCH. Dr. Miller, on page 422, says : " I would like to ask whether the plan proposed by W. D. French, on page 392, that is, keeping bees on five frames through most of the sea- son, has been followed for a series of years, and has produced good results. The general teaching has been that such ' swarms ' would bo rather small and undesirable." Well, Doctor, I am of the opinion that to continue the method as described, for a series of years, would have a down- ward tendency, which, of course, I would not advocate ; although (lueens produced in the manner described, limiting the number of colls, are superior to those of after-swarms, that might issue in the natural, go-as-you-please way. Do not understand me as practicing increase as suggested, for I am a practitioner of a large hive, and should I desire to breed for increase, I do so by the introduction of mature cells, bred from my best stock. I use the Langstroth frame, and, for extracting, operate as in the production of comb honey, namely, tiering up, using 33 frames to the hive, 9 in the brood-nest, and 8 in the upper apartments, beginning the season with one story, and ending iufthe same way. I do not begin extracting as early in the season as those who operate by "skinning" their bees on the first round, but take off my honey at a time when the fact is not discovered by the inmates of the hive, thus encouraging them on to vic- tory, as it were. A person with eyes somewhat impaired, passing through my apiary in the heart of the season, would, if not reminded of the fact by the bees, think he was passing through a ceme- tery of monuments to dead heroes. Foster, Calif. Getting the Wax Out of Old Comb. BY .TOHN CI.AKK. Bee-keepers have found the work of rendering old combs Into good, salable' wax troublesome, discouraging, and some- times too slow and too expensive an operation to "fool with " to any great extent. I have been keeping bees for a great many years, and such has been my experience. But recently, while experimenting, I discovered a plan which obviates the many difBcluties which face a novice, or even an " old hand," to get the best results with the least work, and at the least expense ; and for the benefit of the readers of the American Bee Journal, I will here give the plan I now use to get wax from my old comb. I took an old feed basket — one that would go inside of the can, which I mention further on ; gathered all the comb I wished to dispose of at one time, threw it into the basket, and carried it to the steam escape-pipe of our water-works. Here I provided myself with an old lard-can, holding five gallons or more, and cut a round hole the size of the escape pipe in one side of the can about three inches from the bottom. Then I placed about two inches of water in the bottom of the can, put the end of the escape-pipe through the hole in the can, set the basket containing the comb in the can, covered the top of the can with an old piece of carpet, turned on the steam, and in from three to five minutes the work was complete. Then I lifted out the basket, after giving it several vigor- ous shakes, and threw away the debris with every bit of the wax removed, and lying on the water in the can. I let it lie there until cool, and then took it out in one solid cake of comparatively clean, pure wax. Any one trying this plan as I have outlined it, will find no wax remaining in the slumgum or refuse, and but very little dirt or trash in the wax — not enough to injure its sale. I have tried the sun-extracting plan, and, in fact, a great many other ways, but have never yet found anything that will begin to equal this for speed, convenience and good work. There is scarcely any one keeping bees but can have access to a steam escape-pipe in some shop, mill, or at some thresher where steam is used. By this process, one could load a wagon with comb, a basket, can and carpet, go to some escape-pipe, and extract the whole load alone in much less than a day. I can truthfully say to any one wishing to get the wax from old comb, that this is the best, the cheapest and easiest way discovered, andean be readily utilized by any one at no cost. By following the method I have outlined above, every bee-keeper and honey-seller will find it saving in time and trouble, and the work a pleasure instead of laborious; and the work, when done, will be as nearly perfect as it is possible to get it. Liberty, Ind. Something About Mental Pigeon-Holes. BY WILDER GRAHAME. " There are papers and papers galore. Hints in profu- sion, and books in confusion. But where, oh where, in all this mass of undigested food is an ignorant amateur to turn for a good old-fashioned meal without trimmings ; in other words, a start ? The whole thing is a complete jumble to me, and I am like a waif turned loose in some great city without the least knowledge of right and wrong. Where can I go to get enlightened ; to start right '?" So writes a friend, and I am more than half inclined to think his plaint has origin in something more substantial than a passing fancy. One may avoid ever being confused in the midst of confusion only when entire master of the situation. In fact, I really have known instances where old bee-men be- came somewhat "rattled" in the midst of conflicting theories. The amateur, we will suppose, sits down with a late copy of some reliable bee-periodical, and opens the page to a leading article. It is about some subject of which he knows abso- lutely nothing ; that is why he is reading it. He expects by a careful study of that article to fully understand one subject in the business. True, he finds a good deal depending upon the possession of a previous knowledge that he has not. Never mind. He will read the article and absorb what he can of it. He does, and then, congratulating himself on his accumulating stock, he turns the page and reads a second article, not only flatly contradicting the first, but bringing out such wholly different principles of natural history that he in- stinctively turns back to see if the first sketch might not have been written about pigs instead of bees. Do you wonder he gets discouraged ? To such letters as the above sample, I usually reply some- what as follows : "From out this discouraging assortment of disorder select some one book. If it is the best one, so much the better ; if not, better than so much. Only see that he has some sort of chronological, ornithological, or almost any other kind of order; for a little jumble is sometimes worse than a big one. It is just as indigestible, and does not contain half so much truth. Now study this book and learn it, whether you be- lieve it or not. Only, mind you, unless you intend to profit by it as I shall herein direct, all previous engagements shall be, and the same are hereby declared canceled. You are not by any means to use this single volume, good or bad, as your sole' guide ; only as a sort of pigeon-hole case in which to file away the results of future study. Once provided with the necessary pigeon-holes, one can sit down and sort out as much of the original mass as he sees fit, and then out of the contents of any one of his mental pigeon-holes, deduce a theory of his own and go ahead." Seriously, the confusion does not arise so much from the supply of matter as from a proper knowledge of systemizing and applying it. And, come to think of it, the difference be- tween the professional and the amateur is not so much in what they know as in how they know it ; whether their knowledge is part of a system or of a jumble. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 569 Cai;)adiar) Beedon;^ Clippings Queens' Wings. Dr. Miller, on page 519, does not take the point made as to lessening the wing-power of queens. There is a law in Nature that ability is lost by disuse. It has an extreme illus- tration in the eyeless fishes found in the Kentucky Mammoth Cave. They once had eyes, but having no longer any use of or for them, have lost the organs themselves. The point made is that clipping deprives queens of the power of flight, and that organs not used are likely to deteriorate. As to cutting hair compelling the Doctor's posterity to wear wigs, there Is no analogy between the two cases, because cutting hair has the effect of making it grow faster and thicker, whereas clip- ping a queen's wing stops all growth and use of the organs of flight. < > » " Ripeness and Over-Ripeness of Honey." An article with the above title appeared in the Rural Canadian for August. The " ripeness" part of it is good, but the " over-ripeness " is open to question. The writer, S. W. Sears, tells us honey may get too ripe, and that it " should not be allowed to remain one day after maturity is reached." "Remain " presumably has reference to the hive. He says, "the honey is ripe and it does not improve by standing." There is no doubt a stage In its history when honey gets ripe, but it is a mistake to suppose that after the point of ripeness is reached honey suffers deterioration by remaining in the hive. It will keep there all right for years and years. Old bee-hunters, who have taken trees with large quantities of honey in them, know very well that none of it is any too ripe. 0, what thick, luscious, delicious honey was taken from bee- trees in old times ! How long it had been stored, who can tell? I believe that honey, like wine, improves with age. If' as this writer alleges, " it does not improve by standing," most assuredly it does not deteriorate. It is too much to expect, as this article teaches, that a bee-keeper should have such nicety of judgment, as to be able to tell the exact day when honey ought to be removed from the hive. We are told he is to do this by " intuition." " He may not be able to tell why he gathers the honey to-day or to- morrow, but he knows it is ready." There is no intuition needed. When the honey is ripe, the bees seal it over. That is their finishing touch which proclaims that it is ready for market, or for use. While there is an excess of water in the honey, the bees will not seal it over. They will leave it to evaporate. This process of evaporation is the ripening proc- ess. As it goes on, the honey gets thicker and heavier, until it has reached the proper density. Then, as already remarked, the bees certify to its ripeness by sealing it over. Some bee-keepers think they can ripen honey as well as the bees, if not better. So they provide tanks where they leave the honey to undergo the evaporating process. The hive is the best place for this process. It is very doubtful if a large body of honey in a tank will evaporate as perfectly as it does by the cell-full. Neither is the changeable temperature of the outside air as favorable for the ripening process as the steady, warm temperature of the interior of the hive. There is a large proportion of unripe honey put on the market, to the great injury of the business of bee-keeping. This unripe honey is thin, watery, and liable to go sour. It is supposed by a certain class of bee-keepers that they are doing a cute thing to get the honey extracted before the bees go to the trouble of sealing it over. This is the poorest policy imaginable. It is an attempt to gain profit at the sacrifice of quality, whereas it should be the constant aim to get the high- est quality, because that invariably commands the best price, and gives the most satisfaction to customers. Figiiting Hybrids— Late Sivarming. I read some time ago of a^ bee-keeper who thought it a disgrace to wear a veil while handling bees. Well, I think if he had been in my place the other day, he would have been very glad to have one. I have a colony of hybrids that have always wanted to run things to suit themselves. They did not swarm this summer, and there are bees enough in the hive to make two or three average colonies. However, they had too much drone-comb, so one morning I walked out, pants in socks, smoker in hands, veil on face, and purpose in head. I puffed some smoke in at the entrance, and waited for them to fill themselves with honey. It is generally believed that bees are then much easier handled ; not so in this case, however. I was surrounded by a swarm of the angriest bees that ever took wing. I could smell formic acid in the air. I placed a new hive, containing fi:ll sheets of worker-founda- tion, on the stand, and proceeded to remove the frames from the old hive, and shake the bees off in front of the new one. Before they were down they were up and at me like a nest of yellow-jackets, sticking to my veil, arms and legs like grim death, some getting under my socks and stinging through my pants ; others up under my coat, and two or three succeeded in getting their business end against my face. This caused me to beat a hasty retreat, leaving them in possession of the field till I got the bees out of my bonnet. Returning to the combat, I managed to get the bees all off the combs, and placing the old brood-chamber on top with a queen-excluder between, I made for the bath, where I gave myself a good washing with salt water. I can recommend this to anyone who has been badly stung about the body and limbs, as I felt none the worse for it, and must have been stung more than twenty times. A SWARM THAT ISSUBD AUG. ] 8. I had a swarm issue to-day — Aug. 18. They came out about noon and clustered on a tree, so I hived them on drawn combs in a new hive. The hive they came from was an 8- frame one with two supers on it. The supers were full of buckwheat honey, not much of it sealed. The bees were Ital- ians, and a very strong colony. Can anyone tell what caused them to swarm so late in the season ? The same colony cast a fine swarm June 1. Geo. McCulloch. Harwood, Ont. Quc$tiot;)S ^ /V^swer5^ CONDUCTED BY T>Tt. O. O. aOltER, ALAILBISIGO, ILL. [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct.] Starters in Wired. Frames. When only starters are used, will the bees build over them straight combs ? Subscriber. Answer. — You can't depend on good work with wires and no foundation except a starter. Transferring — Ants and Bees —Dividing Colonies, Etc. 1. I have 13 colonies in box-hives, which I wish to trans- fer into new hives. When is the proper time to transfer them ? and what is the best method ? 2. Do hives need ventilation ? If so, how should it be done? 3. What is the best method of rendering wax ? 570 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Sept. 5, 4. As we have rains here in the spring our best honey- plant (cleome) grows only on the banks of irrigating ditches, and in other wet places, would you advise that it be sown where it could be irrigated '? It is good for nothing but bee- pasture. 5. My bees are frequently bothered with a large black ant, which, if let alone, will destroy a colony in a very short time. How can I most successfully fight them ? 6. Will you kindly give .me a few pointers on dividing bees? I believe I should prefer dividing to natural swarming? 7. As there is considerable discussion over the S and 10 frame hive, what do you think of using the larger hive, and if the queen is not prolific enough to utilize all the room, let the workers fill the balance with winter stores? Aztec, New Mex. J. P. Answers. — 1. Transferring is usually done during fruit- bloom. It is rather out of season to discuss the manner now, and it is best to study up the subject in a good text-book. Don't think of getting along at bee-keeping without a good bee-book. 2. Ventilation is very important, but an entrance large enough will probably give all the ventilation that is needed. An entrance of six square inches or more is none too large. 3. In a sun extractor. 4. I doubt if it will pay to occupy tillable ground with any plant that has no value except as a honey-plant. 5. I know nothing about them from experience, but I have read of having the legs of stands or hives standing in little dishes of water. Possibly there may be some drug that will drive out the auts without driving out the bees. 6. As you will hardly want to do any dividing before another season, the very best pointer I can give you is to take advantage of the opportunity of getting from the American Bee Journal oiBce Root's " A B C of Bee-Culture," read up, then ask me about any points that are not clear. [The "A B C " is sent postpaid for $1.25 ; or with the Bee Journal a year — both for only .§2.00. — Editor.] 7. That's an open question, and I wouldn't like to be very positive about it, but I'm inclined to think the plan may be all right. ■ — • — 1^ Buying Bees in the Fall. Would it be best for me to buy bees now at .$4.00 per colony, or wait for spring and pay $7.00 or .$8.00, working for increase and saving money ? I have a nice place to winter them in. W. F. M. Lynn, Mass., Aug. 11. Answeb. — Better buy now, if you think you can bring through the winter more than half your number. Amount of Winter Stores Per Colony. How much should an ordinary colony of bees, in 8 Hoff- man frames, weigh to winter? They are flying almost every week in winter here, but there is no honey from September to May. A. P. G. Answeb.— Last fall I fed up mine until each weighed 50 pounds, just weighing the S-frame hive with cover, without any bottom-board. Your bees have about as long a pull with- out gathering, only yours have a weekly fight while mine stay in the cellar for five months. So I suppose yours will use more stores, possibly five or ten pounds more, but that's a mere guess. ^ — I ^ LarvsB TJsed in Rearing Queens. I noticed your reply to H. P. J., on page 491, and have decided to give one of my experiments, to-wit: In preparing a batch of queen-cells, I selected larvai from the smallest that can be transferred, up to the largest size that is surrounded by an abundance of the milky food, all from the same queen, and one that always duplicates herself in queens without any black on the tip, if the larviD is the right age, and had them hatched out in a queen-nursery. Those that hatched out on the 11th and 12th days (counting the day the cells were prepared and the one of hatching) ap- peared to be all right, but those hatching on the 13th and 14th days, counting the first and last, had black tips extend- ing up on a portion of the fifth band, and were smaller than the others, which proves to my satisfaction that there is a mit beyond which it will not do to go, in selecting larvaj, re- ardless of the quantity of food surrounding them. I have noticed the same difference in the queens when queenless bees were forced to select an old larva from which to rear a queen. The best queens will hatch out on the 12th, from cells prepared on the first day of the month. My conclusions are, that you will get a fair queen from a larva of any age if she hatches out in 16 days from the time the egg is laid ; but if not retarded by cold in development, and it takes longer, she partakes somewhat of the nature of a worker. Do you think I am right? W. H. P. Answer. — I believe it is understood that for the first three days a worker-larva is fed the same as a queen, and during the remaining two or three days the food is different. Now if a larva is selected after the change in food has been made, I should not expect so good a queen. A larva that does not turn out a queen under 14 days, must be at least 17 days from the laying of the egg, and that delay doesn't promise well for the quality of the queen. And I suppose it is reason- able to believe that after the change of food has been made, the older the larva the longer it will be before it emerges from the cell. The Length of Bees' Memory. I removed surplus from two hives and stored it in an up- per room of my dwelling, about 150 feet from the apiary. The bees soon found it, and began carrying it back to the hives. The next day I smoked them out and closed the win- dows ; but they did not cease to fly to the spot for three weeks. Is this the limit of a bee's memory ? W. G. Answer. — Hardly. Sometimes they remember the old stand on which they formerly stood, after being in the cellar a number of weeks. Their stopping their visits at the end of three weeks doesn't show they forget the place, but that they had too much sense to fool away any more time there. Just give them the same chance a week after their visits ceased, and see if they don't remember. Fears Danger to Bees from a Cider-IIill. A cider-mill has just located a little more than % mile from me, and I wish to know whether the danger to my bees is really alarming. An old bee-keeper near says it will be almost sure death to them. The drouth has been so severe there are no fall flowers. What would you do under the cir- cumstances ? My crop of honey is so light that I cannot af- ford to lose any bees if it can be avoided. H. M. S. Answer. — Several times a cider-mill has been run equally near me, and I suppose a good many bees have been killed thereby, still the colonies have remained of pretty good strength. I am inclined to the opinion that the law should oblige those who run cider-mills to enclose them against the entrance of bees, but there is no such law, and the owners of the mills would no doubt think it the business of the bee- keeper to keep his bees away. Possibly by furnishing mate- rial for enclosure, in the shape of netting of some kind, you might have the bees kept out. a I ^ Spacing of Brood-Frames. Have you ever experimented with brood-frames spaced less than \% inches from center to center ? If you have, I would be glad to hear with what success. I have seen the inside of a number of box-hives, and have been struck with the close spacing of the center combs (the average does not seem to be over 1 3/16 inches), and it seems to me that this greatly favors early spreading of the brood, and consequently accounts, at least in part, for the large and early swarms usually cast by colonies in these hives. Surely, a given number of bees would cover more brood if crowded into a 5/16-inch or ,14-inch space than they would if they had to fill 7/16 inch spaces, as they must in hives where the frames are spaced \% inches apart. I suppose this ground has been gone over before, but I can find no mention of it in any of the books that I have. E. R. H. Answer. — I have never experimented in this line except incidentally, or accidentally. I am inclined to think that a more extended and careful observation will decide you that in box-hives the average spacing is more than 1 3/16. The observations of others give it a good deal more. I think it quite possible that during the hot season brood would be reared all right if frames were spaced \% or less from center 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 571 to center, but at that time little heat is needed from the bees, and the same number of bees would cover just as many combs if spaced IJa inches from center to center, and they would rear just as much brood in one case as the other. In early spring, however, the case is different, and brood will be found in only as many combs as the bees can cover well when compactly clustered. Vou are right in saying, " a given number of bees would cover more brood if crowded into a 5/ 16 or '4 space than they would if they had to fill 7 /16 spaces. But you have lost sight, apparently, of another very important factor, and that is that you may have the frames crowded together until the mass of bees between the combs shall be too small to generate a sufficient amount of heat. And that factor must be considered in deciding how far you can crowd. Uniting Colonies — Getting Honey from Box-Hives. I bought 2 colonies last spring, in old-fashioned square hives. One swarmed three times; No. 2 and No. 3 the next day. They built some comb, but seemed very dull. 1 found they had no queen. I fed sugar syrup, as they had no honey. I fed for two weeks, then put them on top of No. 1, which were working nicely. They seem to be all right there. I made holes for communication. Did I do right ? How can I get honey from the old square boxes, and not injure the colo- noies ? A. A. L. Verona, Ont., Aug. 12. Answer. — Your bees would probably unite all right as you did. Bore one or more holes with an inch or \M inch bit in the top of the hive. It may bore into the combs, but no matter. Then put on one or more surplus boxes, and make a cover large enough to fit over all. When they swarm next summer you can put the swarm into a hive with movable combs. Going into the Bee-Business. I have been thinking strongly of going into the bee-busi- ness. How much capital will it require? How much ground, and what localities are best? This is my first attempt, and I don't want to fail. Now if I'm not asking too much, you will Confer a great favor by giving me a few suggestions. Mbs. H. C. T. Answer. — Probably you will do well not to make any in- vestment at present beyond a bee-paper and a text-book to study between now until next spring, for it is pretty late to start iu bee-keeping this year. Then in the spring you will need to invest enough to buy two colonies of bees, and you can tell better than I what you can get them for in your neighbor- hood. You will need to invest a dollar or so more for veil and smoker, and that will be enough to start on. As to other points, you will be in better shape to receive suggestions after your winter's study, and any points that are not clear then, I shall be glad to throw light upon if I can. 1 might say that you will need a square yard or so of ground for each colony. Rearing Queens and Drones. 1. I have a queenless colony of bees, and on Aug. 6 I gave them a frame with brood ranging from newly laid eggs to hatching bees. How many days before I should have a laying queen ? 2. If I feed them, will they be strong enough to go into the winter ? 3. Can the bees develop queens and drones from any egg if taken at the right time ? or are a certain proportion of the eggs, queen and drone eggs, to be developed if needed, and if not, then to be destroyed ? Amateur. Weeping Water, Nebr. Answers. — 1. I would hardly look to find out before about three weeks after giving the brood. The queen may be laying before that, but sometimes they are longer, and it's a good deal easier to decide the case after eggs are somewhat plenty. 2. That depends. If they have dwindled down to almost nothing before the queen lays, no. If they are yet strong, yes. 3. No; if an egg is impregnated it may produce a queen or a worker, but never a drone. If unimpregnated it can pro- duce nothing but a drone. It will pay you well to get a good bee-book and read up on this. As a rule, no eggs are wasted, every egg the queen lays being utilized. CONDUCTED BY Rei'. Eaierson T. Abhott, St. •Josepb, Mo. S'wanningf. — " I have tried many plans to prevent swarming but without profitable results, and I now believe I can get the best results, not by preventing but by encouraging swarming, and then properly utilizing it to accomplish certain aims." — B. Taylor, in Review. I am quite sure that this strikes the keynote of success with bees. As I have often said, I do not think it possible or desirable to develop a non- swarming race of bees. If it were possible, I am quite sure it would be at the expense of the honey-gathering qualities. The truth of the matter is, that I have never found swarming such a drawback as some claim it to be. A-colony of bees which has been given plenty of room as fast as it is needed, until it has reached the point of swarm- ing, is in the best possible condition to store a large quantity of honey, if the nectar is to be had in the flowers, and they are so manipulated that the strength of the colony is all thrown to the new swarm. It is a real pleasure to see such a colony work and to note how quickly they will fill the sections in two or three supers, and even more, if the honey-flow con- tinues any length of time. Value of Insects. — "I do not hesitate in this con- nection to refer to another of Prof. Ward's conclusions set forth in one of his interesting articles, namely, that most of the higher flowering plants would speedily perish were insect aid withdrawn, and that but for such aid in the past we should now be without most of our gorgeous flora, and that in- sects have actually paved the way for man's existence by the part they have played in the development of fruit and nut bearing plants." — Prof. Riley, in Insect Life. This is well put, and clearly brings out the idea of man's dependence upon the things about him — animate as well as in- animate. As we study this inter-dependence of all things, the world comes to mean more to us, and the wisdom and good- ness of the Designer stands out in bold relief at every step we take. The lower forms of life have paved the way for the higher types, and are constantly adding to their comfort and rendering their continued existence possible. So it comes to pass that science is daily opening up new fields of investiga- tion, and giving the careful student of Nature enlarged ideas and broader views of the world in which he lives. Careful study soon leads one to see that this is not a world of chance, but one of law and order, and one in which the life of the smallest creature is not to be treated with contempt. Position of "Winter Stores.—" Say ! hold on : Isn't is a fact that, but for the short warm spells during win- ter, which permit the bees to carry stores from any direction in the brood-nest to the center of the cluster, they would starve, the shape of the hive notwithstanding ?" — J. H. Mark- ley, in Gleanings. Bees in old-fashioned box-hives do not depend upon warm days for their supply of honey, and I am quite sure that he who so prepares his bees for winter that they must depend upon the coming of warm spells for the food necessary to keep them alive, is very apt to find himself short a good many colo- nies in the spring. If bees are to winter in the best possible condition, they must have sealed honey, or" something that will take the place of it, immediately above the cluster, and in direct contact with it as long as the cold weather lasts. The bees that are forced to carry honey during some " warm spell " into the combs on which they have clustered will not be found the " fittest to survive," in my opinion. I know that some advocate the theory that the cluster can move lengthwise of the comb and get honey in that way, but for some reason or other all of my bees that have been compelled to do this in order to reach their stores, have found the effort too much for them, and have perished in the attempt. Plenty of good food above the cluster is what takes them through, every time. 572 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Sept. 5, Oeorfi:o W, Voriv, - - liUitttr. PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, se Fifth Aienue. - CHICAGO, ILI^. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. (Entered at the PostrOffice at Chicaeo as Second-Class Mail-Matter.] Vol. niV. CEICA&O, ILL., SEPT. 5, 1895. No. 36, Editorial Budget. Dr. miller will be missed at the convention this week. His health and apiarian journalistic work wouldn't permit his leaving home. Too bad. *-.-* Xlie Constitution of the North American Bee- Keepers' Association, as revised and adopted at the St. Joseph convention last year, will be found on page 578 of this num- ber of the Bee Journal. It is very short and simple. Will it be revised again at Toronto ? Wait and see. Mr. Chas. Dadant is spending a few weeks at Stur- geon Bay, Wis., where, fortunately, he finds an annual escape from hay-fever, which so annoys him at his home in Hamilton, 111. His series of profitable articles on " E.vtracted Honey " will be completed in these columns next week. Don't miss it. -4---^ A Olorious Rain blessed this part of the country Friday, Aug. 23. It was a regular soaker, and must have been of untold value to fall pastures and Uowers. The pros- pects for fall honey are fine in many localities, so reports say. That will insure plenty of winter stores for the bees in such places. The Kive Bee-Keeping: "Women shown on the first page this week make a choice group. They are among the most prominent bee-sisters of to-day. I wish they all might be present at the Toronto convention this week, but probably none of them will be there. All excepting Mrs. Ax- tell were at the World's Fair bee-convention in 1893. I, for one, am proud of our representative bee-women — they are all exceptionally nice. I hope to show more of their number later on. Crimson Clover, when in bloom, is pretty enough to afford a bed of It room in a flower-garden. So says Dr. Miller in a "straw" in Gleanings. The August 15th number of that paper had quite an interesting symposium on crimson clover. It seems to promise much as forage, for hay, plowing under, and last, but not least, as a honey-yielder. Reports from any who have had experience with it as a honey-plant, will be gladly received and published in the Bee Journal. The future prosperity of bee-keeping as a business may depend much upon the success bee-keepers have in influencing farmers everywhere to grow the various clovers— sweet, Alsike, alfalfa and the crimson. Let us find out all we can about these fine honey-yielders, and then endeavor to have them sown and grown Si widely as possible. iNebraska and Capt. G. "W. Carnes.— I learn that Capt. G. W. Carnes, who is very familiar with his sub- ject, is giving, in various places, a free lecture on "Nebraska and the Newer Northwest." He places his hearers in posses- sion of an immense amount of interesting information. Go and hear him if he should lecture near you. In face of the present unusual prosperity of Nebraska, and the high price at which farm lands in Illinois and other eastern States are held, Capt. Carnes will confine himself to an interesting description of the great opportunities in Nebraska for the farmer of mod- erate means. In the past, Nebraska has been looked upon as solely a "corn " State, but the last few years have proved conclusively that it is one of the best States in the Union for varied crops ; wheat, oats and other cereals, all descriptions of tame grasses, and in particular alfalfa — the great honey- yielder — have all been raised with the greatest success. Another industry, the production of sugar-beets, is increasing each year, and to-day Nebraska produces more sugar-beets to the acre than any other country in the world. ^ i ^ I Am Indebted to Editor Root for a very nice re- port, in Gleanings, of my recent one-day's visit to the "Home of the Honey-Bees." I can truly say that I have never looked upon Gleanings, or Bro. Root, as business rivals, but as friends who would rather help me and the American Bee Journal on to success than otherwise. Such friends are appreciated. There are but few matters upon which Bro. Root and I do not agree. In fact, they are so few as not to be worth noticing. We are both striving to publish good, clean bee-papers, and to do the right as nearly as we can see it. But neither of us claims to be perfect. The Toronto Convention of the North Ameri- can Bee-Keepers' Association will be in session when this number of the American Bee Journal reaches the majority o{ its readers. A full report of the proceedings will be published in these columns. I have engaged Bro. Hutchinson to furnish it, so there will not be the delay and finally no completed re- port as was the case last year. When Mr. Hutchinson agrees to do a thing, he does it. It is a real satisfaction to do busi- ness with a man that can be relied upon to do as he agrees. mark Tovell, an extensive and respected bee-keeper living at Guelph, Ont., died Sunday, Aug. IS. He was 75 years old. He was born in England, and came to Guelph in 1832, settling there with a large party from his native land. The sea voyage required- eight weeks and three days. He took a great interest in bee-keeping the last few years of his life. The local newspaper, in chronicling his death, said : "In the death of Mr. Tovell, Guelph loses one of its early settlers, and his geuial face, out-spoken sentiments, and kindly greetings will long be missed." Tlie First Comb Honey Shipment received by one of the largest dealers in Chicago, for this year, reached them on Aug. 23. They at once wrote me as_foIlows : We received to-day our first shipment of comb honey from Geo. G. Scott, Wadena, Iowa. The shipment consisted of 791 pounds, and we sold it on arrival at 16 cents per pound. The honey was put up in 12-section cases, 3 sections being shown through the glass. We like this package very much. "Wanted. — As the edition of the Bee Journal for Aug. S, 1895, No. 32, is exhausted, I'd like to ask those who feel like sparing that number, to mail it to this office. If, when mailing it, you will write a postal card, so that I can know whom it is from, I will send you a copy of " Honey as Food and Medicine" in exchange for it. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 573 Honey and Bees^svax in France.— From a Re- port ou France, recently issued by the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture, " for the purpose of illustratiuR the pos- sibilities attending a highly diversified system of agriculture in a country less than one-third larger than the State of Cali- fornia," I notice that the amount of Honey produced in 1893 was 6,432,607 pounds, valued at $2,049,481; and 4,427,- 157 pounds of beeswax, valued at §853,107. It also shows that in 1892, 580 colonies of bees were imported into France; in 1893, 492 colonies, and in 1894,659 colonies. It does not say where the bees came from. Xlie Alsike Clover Leaflet consists of 2 pages, with illustrations, showing the value of Alsike clover, and telling how to grow it. This Leaflet is just the thing to hand to every farmer in your neighborhood. Send to the Bee Jour- nal office for a quantity of them, and see that they are dis- tributed where they will do the most good. Prices, postpaid, are as follows : 50 for 25 cents ; 100 for 40 cents ; or 200 for 70 cents. ^-*-^ Tlie Book " Bees and Honey," which we are using as a premium for new subscribers, we are entirely out of just now, but will have a new edition about Sept. 15, when all orders will be filled promptly. Send on the new subscrip- tions just the same — the premium book will then be mailed afterward, as stated above. ^rc)or)^ Vc}^ Bee-Papers Gleaned by Dr. ^liller. DIVISIBLE BK00D-CHAMBER8. Some are saying that bees do not rear brood to so great an extent when a divisible brood-chamber is used, and that the queen is likely to neglect one section. I have used such bives in large numbers now for years, and have never seen anything of the kind. There is usually more brood in the lower sec- tion, just as there is more brood in the lower part of an ordi- nary frame of a single-story hive, but at the height of the breeding season this difference is very slight. — Review edito- rial. VALUE OF BROOD-FOUNDATION. Bees, if left to themselves, will have at least the two out- side combs of drone. I have not tested it, but would say that such a colony would gather about a fifth less honey and con- sume about one-tenth more, which would mean over one- fourth less surplus. We can easily see the loss is considerable; not only have we two frames less in which to rear worker- bees, but we have two frames more, that rear consumers. It is my belief that a colony on comb built of foundation, or which have all, or nearly, all-worker comb, are worth at least one dollar more each year than one which is allowed to build their own comb. Many, however, from shortsightedness, would object to giving it if they were buying. If such a col- ony is kept for a number of years we can understand that the loss or gain is considerable. — Canadian Bee Journal. A VISIT FKOM THE EDITOR OF THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. We all of us, big and little Roots, have had a most enjoy- able visit from Mr. George W. York. From the very first a pleasant, and I might say, a sort of kinship feeling, sprang up between us. I was attracted by his out-and-out spokenness, and gentle and Christianlike bearing ; and the more I have come to know him, the more I esteem him — not as a rival, but as a co-worker. (Mutual-admiration society ? Well, call it what you like, if I admire my friends and am not afraid to say so.) — Gleanings. HONEY IN THE BROOD-CHAMBER. I have been a careful observer for 25 years, and find that when bees are at work best in sections there will be very little honey in the body of the hive, if the hive has the right size of brood-chamber, during the early or white honey harvest, which is the one that the bee-keeper is the most anxious about. But should some honey accumulate in the brood- combs, it would be a doubtful expedient to use the extractor on the combs below, and I have reason to know that if any one expects to secure a large yield of comb honey, and use the extractor on the brood-combs at the same time, he will not realize his expectations. After the bees get thoroughly at work in the sections let the brood-combs alone, and you need have no fears about the queen being crowded. If honey accumulates in the combs before the bees are fairly started in the sections, have no fears, for as soon as they go to work above they will carry it all up into the sections and make abundant room for the queen. — G. M. Doolittle, in American Bee-Keeper. ALSIKE CLOVER AND BAS8W00D. The following from the discussions of the Ontario Bee- Keepers' Association is clipped from the Canadian Bee Jour- nal : "Mr. Pringle— You need not depend on the white clover for honey ; but the Alsike I hardly ever knew to fail. I have been sowing it for 25 years — every year more or less — and I never knew it to fail to yield nectar. We ought to sow more Alsike, and I believe, too, in planting basswood. I have planted some hundreds myself, and they are nearly ready to bloom. As for the second-growths, we need not depend much on that. Most of the ground so occupied is cleared and put under cultivation. "Mr. R. E. Jones related a circumstance to show that in his own case the bees had passed right over a crop of Alsike and took none of it. The bees came home with honey, but it was not from the Alsike. " Mr. Gemmill could bear out the statement of Mr. Jones. Much of the honey that was supposed to be Alsike was in reality wild mustard." WIRE BOTTOM-BARS IN BROOD-FRAMF.S. We have recently received from Mr. S. M. Keeler, of Chenango Bridge, N. Y., a sample brood-frame having the bottom-bar made of wire. Mr. Keeler writes that for a long time he has studied the question how to get bees to build combs down to the bottoms of the frames, and now believes he has solved it. The wire used is about 3-32 of an inch in diameter ; the ends are turned up and driven into the ends of the end-bars. By using these wire bottom-bars there is left no hiding-place between the comb and bottom-bar for the queen ; and the combs being built right down to and fastened to the wire, will not sag. The combs of brood and honey can be handled very much better and safer. — American Bee- Keeper. EFFECT OF BAD WINTERING ON QUEENS. C. W. Post says in Canadian Bee Journal : "If a colony winters badly, say has dysentry, I find it influences the work- ing qualities of the queen. The colony pulls up slowly and does not appear to exceed a certain strength. I believe from what I have observed, what destroys the vitality and strength of the working bees, impairs the usefulness of the queen. It would be better to destroy that queen and replace her with another, a young queen, if possible. Such a queen will pull up a colony a long way ahead of the old. Many do not look upon the matter in this light, I know, but my statement is based on close observation." WOOD-BASE FOUNDATION. We notice some discussion going on about wood-base foundation. If we mistake not very much, Mr. D. A. Jones used that 15 or more years ago, and gave it up. We can tell bee-keepers that it has been tried since with the following results: In several instances, while the bees were working and busy rearing brood, it was all right, and everything went lovely; but when out of wholesome employment the bees be- came very human and got into mischief ; they then set to work to eat away and remove the wood. It is not likely that we will get anything to take the place of beeswax in the build- ing of comb in the hive. Wood in the base appears to be too base a material for the bees. — Canadian Bee Journal. USELESS CONSUMERS. S. E Miller says in the Progressive Bee-Keeper : "Nowadays there is a great deal being said about useless consumers (not tramps that roam over the country, and go from house to house, asking for a bite to eat, but worker-bees produced from eggs laid inside of about 40 days before the honey harvest opens). This looks well on paper and sounds well in theory, but will it hold good in actual practice ? Let us say 21 days from the time the egg is laid until it hatches out a perfect bee ; and add 16 days until It arrives at the age 574 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Sept. 5, when it is ready to po to the field to gather nectar — the age at which those who claim to know tell us a bee becomes a field- worker. This gives us 87 days. Now if we could stop all egg-laying 37 days before the main honey harvest commences, without throwing the colony out of a normal condition, would we gain anything ? Let us draw a comparison : "Suppose you have a number of men working for you — six in the harvest field, and one about the house to do up chores, but need one more in the field. Now if you hire a boy to do up the chores, and send the man to the field, is it not just the same as if you had hired a man to put in the harvest field? So it looks to me as though these so-called useless consumers might not be so useless after all. The bee that takes the place of a nurse-bee or comb-builder, and allows that nurse- bee to become a field-worker, it seems to me is just about as useful as the field-worker. What say you ? " 'Useless consumers ' is a term that seems to take well with many writers on apiculture, and some have got to hand- ling it in a very reckless manner. I would caution them to be very careful, lest it might be loaded and go off, and injure the one that is handling it." DARK ITALIAN QUEENS. Among imported Italian queens some are very dark and produce finely-colored workers. W. J. M. says in Australian Bee-Bulletin : " I reared some queens from an imported tested queen, and one queen I reared was quite black, indeed so black that I thought here was a game of stealing eggs, and she was marked for removal. However, having gone away for a short holiday I loft her, and when I came back I found her so pro- lific that I built up the nucleus to a full colony by the usual methods. Four months afterwards, having received another imported queen, I went to remove her black majesty. On opening the hive I found the bees unusually quiet, and on further examination I found the hive full of pure Italians, although the queen was to all appearances a common black one. Now for this reason alone, we should be careful when discarding dark-colored queens till they have been given a fair trial." CONBUCTED BY DK. a. p. 11. BROW2V, AUGUSTA, GA. [Please send all questions relating to bee-keeping In the South direct to Dr. Brown, and he will answer in this department.— Ed.] Purity of Italian Bees — Honey.Plants. 1. Will ordinary 3-banded bees hold up to their markings when kept at a safe distance from other bees to prevent crossing? Now, if they will hold up to 3 bands, it is con- trary to my experience, and I have been experimenting with Italian bees four or five years. I find that bees showing 3 bands, and those that show 3 bands when filled with honey, make very dark-colored queens and drones ; the drones are commonly very dark, some showing do yellow marks at all. My experience with such bees is, you have to select the verv best marked queens and drones to breed from, or you will soon have plenty of black bees in your apiary. Now, is it im- purity, degeneration, or what? I have a queen that I bought for an imported Italian ; her bees show 3 yellow bands very clearly at all times, and under the bottom of the abdomen they are yellow to the tip ; she produces uniform drones, and they are yellow except a little dark on the end of the abdomen ; and her queens are uni- formly and highly marked. It is no trouble to get these bees to hold up to 3 bands, and they are doing just as good work as the leather-colored bees. The bees that will hold up to their markings and do good work are the bees for me. 2. Does cotton-bloom give any honey ? 3. My bees work rapidly on sumac. Is it a good honey- plant ? 4. Does golden-rod give much honey? My bees don't seem to notice it much, but they come down on aster all right, and get a lot of honey from it, too. A. P. L., Batesburg, S. C. Answers. — 1. The term "safe distance" in my friend's interrogatory is very indefinite. One person might think a fourth of a mile a safe di-stauce to prevent one variety of the honey-bee from crossing with another; while another bee- keeper might have in his mind some other distance. I have known black queens to mate with Italian drones distant four miles. I was the first person in this portion of Georgia to in- troduce the Italian bee, and I availed myself of my advantage to test this question. If you wish to keep your bees pure you should have all Italian drones in a radius of four miles. This you cannot do, for there may be many colonies of black bees ensconced in trees within the range of your bees. Besides, if you want to keep up the purity of your bees, you must select your breeders — both queens and drones. The best marked queens are not always the best breeders. There is not one queen in 50 that will invariably duplicate herself in markings in her queen progeny. A queen that will do it is worth money. The Italian bee is no fixed type of bee. It is only a va- riety, and as such it is liable in breeding to revert back to the original — to sport. Recently some one in the bee-papers has been giving rules to test the purity of Italians by invariable yellowness, etc. Such tests do not amount to a bagatelle. I have imported hundreds of queens direct from some of the best Italian breeders, and I found the queens to vary very much in markings ; the drones from quite dark to mottled with bright yellow ; the queen progeny from nearly black to bright yellow. Because of this variation is no signs of im- purity, if the fact of their coming from Italy will make them so. When that bee-keeper who has mapped out in his fancy his Italian queen, worker, or drone with markings of inva- riable fixedness as the only test of purity, he will be as much disappointed as when a redheaded, or blackheaded, or white- headed, or cockeyed baby pops up in his family. He should constantly stick to his uniform markings. From what I have said I think the correspondent will have no trouble to formulate answers to his questions concern- ing preserving the purity of Italian bees. 2. In some seasons, owing to atmospheric or soil condi- tions not understood, it yields honey in large quantities. 3. Sumac is a good honey-plant, but the honey is very dark. 4. Golden-rod, in my section, is very unreliable for the secretion of honey. Equalizing; the Streng;tli of Colonics. I have several strong colonies and one weak one, all lately transferred to 8-frame hives from box-hives. I wish to build up the weak colony as quickly as possible. May I, after smoking a strong colony, place the weak one on top of it with a honey-board between them, with the hope that the colonies will become more equal in strength? If not, what is the best course to pursue? If I feed the weak colony, the others persist in robbing it, although all the usual methods have been tried to prevent it. E. B. T. Lynn, N. C, Aug. 15. Answer. — I don't think the plan of placing the weak colony over a strong one with a honey-board between will ac- complish the object you desire. You say when you feed this weak colony the others persist in robbing it. This has to be stopped. Give it a frame of crawling-out brood from one of your strong colonies; contract the entrance to the hive so that only one bee can pass at a time. Set up in front of the entrance a lot of weeds, brush or boards to ward off the rob- bers. Place the feed inside the hive over the brood-frames, where the bees can easily get at it. Do this near dark ; and do not give any more feed than they can take up during the night. When you open the hive do it at times when few bees are stirring, and then use a cloth to throw over the exposed frames. In a week give it another frame of crawling-out brood. If you find the hive is still robbed with all this care and attention, close it up with wire-cloth and carry it into a close, dark room, and allow it to remain 48 hours (meantime, feed), and then place it on a new stand with all the precautions previously taken. If this will not succeed, unite it with another colony. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 575 Bigarest Premmm We Ever Offered ! THE BEE-KEEPER'S GUIDE OR MANUAL OF THE APIARY. BY PROF. A. J. COOK. This 15th and latest edition of Prof. Cook's magnificent boolv of 460 pages, in neat and substantial cloth binding, we propose to give away to our present sub- scribers, for the work of getting new subscribers for the American Bee Journal. A description of the book here is quite unnecessary — it is simply the most corn- complete scientific and practical bee-book published to-day. Fully illustrated, and all written in the most fascinating style. The author is also too well-known to the whole bee-world to require any introduction. No bee-keeper is fully equipped, or his libraryicoraplete, without "The Bee-Keeper's Guide." HERE IS OUR GRAND OFFER: Send us Two New Subscribers to the Bee Journal (with $2.00), and we will mail YOU a copy of Prof. Cook's book free as a premium. Ko premium is also giv- en to the new subscribers, under this ofifer. The postpaid price of the book alone is $1.25, or we club it with the Bee Journal for a year — both together for $1.75. But surely anybody can get only two new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year, and thus get the book as a premium. Let everybody try for it. We want to give away 1000 copies of this book by Oct. 1. Will you have one ? GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 56 Fifth Ave., CHICAGO, ILIiS. California ^ % If you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated, $2.40 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL PRESS, 220 Market St.. - SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. GOLDEN QUEENS From a $50.00 Breeder ohtained of Doolittle. Also leather Colored 'i^,,'^lrXt\t ported Queens. Price— 1 Queen. 50c. ; 6 for $2.75; $5.00 per dozen. Will warrant 95:» of Queens purely mated; Bees to be gentle and excellent honey-gatherers. H. <1. QIIIRIN, 34Atf BELLEVUE, Huron Co., OHIO. Meiitmn the American Bee Journal. APIARIAN SUPPLIES ^^fl.^^f^^.. Keeper"— how to manag-e bees, etc.— 25 cts, The "Model Coop." for hen and her brood. Wyandotte, Lang-ehan and Leghorn Kggs foi hatching. Cat. free, but state what you want. J. W. BOUSX: So CO.. Mexico. Mo. WANTED ! 10,000 pounds of BEESWAX, for Ca«b. Address, liEAHV IflFG. CO., Higglnsvillc, Iflo. Mention the Artierlcan Bee Journal. A GIVEN PRESS. This celebrated Press for making Comb Foun- dation is acknowledii'cd to make it most ac- ceptable to the bees. I have one which has been used, but Is in perfect order. The outfit consists of — 1 Given Press with Lever, Ilxl6i4 Inches. 4 Dipping-Boards. 10.i:16l4. 4 Dipping-Boards, 10x12. 2 Dipping-Boards. 0.\•16'^. 2 Double Boilers for Wax. 1 Book of Dies, OxlO'/j. 1 Book of Dies, 9x12. The outfit cost over $100, and is a great bar- gain for any one desiring to make Foundation for personal use. I olfer it for $50.00, free on board cars here. Thos. G. Newman, '%^ihVooXi^.'"- mm^, PE-MIVES. mHIPPlMdASES We make a Specialty of these Goods, and defy Competition in Q"U"A.IjIT"2", ■WOK-ICIwlA.lTStllF and PK,ICE3S. 1W Write for Free Illustrated Catalogue and Price-List. G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis. ^" Be sure to mention the American Bee Journal when you write, „^i Qerjeral Hcn)s^ Best Basswood Flow in Years. Bees in this locality have done well, con- sidering the season being so cold in May and June, and then the drouth that fol- lowed. The flow from basswood was the best for many years. I got some of the finest comb honey I ever saw. Bees are working on red clover now more than usual, the bloom being short. I get 3U cents per pound tor all the honey my 30 colonies can produce. Some of my neigh bors still stick to the old log gum, and con- sequently cannot sell their honey tor much, but they don't get much to be in my way. Carson, Ind., Aug. 17. Wm. G. Cokt. Single or Double Walled Hives. On pages 488 and 489 is a request by C. E. Mead, to report the wintering of bees in double and single walled hives. I started in the fall of 1894 with 10 colonies, six of which were in the Hilton chaff hive, and tour in the Dovetailed hive, with winter- cases. Two of the colonies in the Hilton hive died in February, with 20 and 25 pounds ot honey. The weather had been extremely cold tor nearly two weeks, the mercury ranging from zero to 10 degrees below, but I do not think it was any fault of the hive. S. A. Raymond. Bonney, Mich. "The Good Time" Came at Last. Our honey-flow, this year, is better than ever before. White clover commenced blooming in May, and is still blooming— in tact, it has just taken a new start again. Basswood was good. Alsike yielded finely, and this is the first year I ever saw my bees working on red clover. They do better on red clover this season than on white. My best colony gave me 135 pounds of honey — 90 of comb and 45 extracted— a prime swarm of June 1 filled 48 sections, and others did equally well. So I think this is " the good time " that I was looking for so long. Swarming was quite extensive this season ; some bees doubled, and some trebled. F. N. Blank. Prairie Home, Mo., Aug. 12. Those Wicked Italians ! I have forgotten whether it was Dr. C. C. Miller or some other equally good-looking but enthusiastic beeman who misled me into the belief that the Italians were such docile, well-behaved, innocent insects, and the German variety the very opposite. I say I cast no positive reflection, but I have been fully convinced, from fresh and en. larged experience, that the very opposite ot such a statement is true. My story is brief, but sharply defined. Bro. York has a colony of Italians— a big, industrious one, too — right next to mine, which are handsome, shining Germans. Well, on request of the enterprising editor ot the American Bee Journal, I proceeded to assist him in tooling with his five-banded, golden, diamond-pointed Italians. D I wield- 576 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Sept. 5, ed the smoker, and he opened up for busi- ness. The next instant came a grand and sudden rush. Zipp— buzz — biff I Gee-wil- likens ! The air was thick with the golden varmints. They sang: I danced. 1 wonder if hornets are more active or forcible ! The end came, and quickly. I retreated hastily, but in good order. The next hours, or min- utes, were mainly occupied in scraping bee- stings off my lips and chin. Then I en- larged ; I looked like a boy with a bad case of mumps. My confidence in Italians is shattered. Emm Dee. I Emm Dee, for once in his life, had a good deal of "chin " to " wipe off." and his lip — well, I haven't yet gotten over laugh- ing. He certainly had " too much lip " for either comfort or genteel appearance.— Editor.] Honey from Sumac. I see on page .508 it is said that '• sumac is a good honey-plant, butthehoney is dark." Mine is nearly as white as clover honey. B. F. Onderdonk. Mountain View. N. J. A Bee-Keepers' Paradise. I began this season with 1.3 colonies. If I am to judge by the reports from the vari- ous sections of the United States, this must be a bee-keepers' paradise, as we have a de- lightful climate here, and an almost inces- sant honey-flow. In spring we have the fruit, which is considerable, and the entire country is covered with wild flowers. Then we have innumerable acres of alfalfa, which lasts here until frost ; but greatest of all is the cleome, or bee-weed, as it is called here, which begins blooming about June 1, and continues until frost. It produces so much honey that bees usually quit every- thing else when it comes in bloom. Every one here keeps a few bees, but there is scarcely any one who makes a business of it. I would like some reader of the " Uld Re- liable" to tell me through its columns what buckwheat is worth as a honey-plant in a country where no dew falls. Jno. Pingan. Aztec, New Mex., Aug. 5. Bees Did 'WeU in Maine. Bees have done well here this season. My bees last year gathered quite a lot of honey- dew, therefore I lost heavily last winter, losing 24 out of S4 colonies in the cellar, and 10 more after they were put out, from spring dwindling. I have kept bees nearly 30 years, and they have been a great help to us. Although we are in nearly 47 degrees north latitude, I have never had to feed a dollar's worth of sugar to winter, and never saw a year yet that I did not get some surplus. Once I got 10.5 pounds of comb honey from a col- ony hived July 35, in a hive without any combs or foundation in the brood apart- ment, and only small starters of foundation in the sections. 1 also secured one year \}4, tons of mostly comb honey from 17 colo- nies, spring count. Both of the above re- sults were obtained when the woods were 'uU of fireweed, EpUob'mm AnguMfiiUum, and YOUR BEESWAX ! TTNTIIi FltKXHEU NOTICE, we will ^ allow 28 cents per pound for Good Yel- low Beeswax, delivered at our olflee— in ex- change for Subscription to the Bee Journal. tor Bonks, or anything- that »ve offer for sale In the Bee Journal. Always ship the Wax by Express, and pre- pay the charges; also put your name and address on the package to avoid mistakes. GEORGE W. -iORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. TNimiT: AND LUNO DISEASES, DR. PEIRO, Specialist Offices: loip, loo State St., CHICAGO. Hours 9 to 4. Meraiion U<,o American See Jountxu TAKE NOTICE! "DEFORE placing your orders for SUP- PLIES, write for prices on 1-Piece Bass- wood Sections, Bee-Hives, Shipping -Cratee, Frames, Foundation, Smokers, etc. PAGE & LYON MFG. CO. NEW LONDON, WIS. Meratwii the American Bee Journal. Queens 3 or 5 Banded— Dntest'd 60 cts.; 6 for $:i.25. Tested, 7,5c.; 6 for $4.25. CHAS. H. THIES, Steeleville, III. Mention the American Bee Jounwi. 34Atf Promptness Is What Counts ! Hoaey-Jars. Shipping'-Cases, aud every- thing^ that bee-keepers use. Koot's Goods al Root's Prices, and the best shipping point in the country. Dealer iu Honey and Beeswax. Cata- I'lTrJalAve. Walter S. Ponder INDIANAPOLIS. IND. Mention the American Titx. Journal- LAST GALL ! Ooldcii llsiliaii <(uceii«. August and September, 60 cts.; Oct., 75c. J. F. lUICHAEIi, Greenville, Oliio. 34A4t MentUm. th€ American Bee Journal,. ITALIAN QUEENS Untested, July to Oct., 75c. eacli— 3 for 5!2.00. Tested Queens, $1.00 each. By return mall. Satisfaction Guaranteed Send for Free Illustrated Circular to THEODORE BENDER, 28Atf IS Fulton St., CANTON, OHIO. Mention the American Bee Journal. WANTED. 10,000 puiiuds of' BEE»i%VAX, for Casl). .'Vddress, L.EAHV JflFU. CO., Higsinsville, mo. Mention Vie American Iseejourtuil, SAVE MONEY ITALIAN QUEENS If you want flrst-chiss FOR IiUSl:NliSS, Foundation at Wholesale l'iicis7 Hives, suited tor the South, or SUPFl,! KS, seud lor Price-List— to J. P. 11. BKOW.\, ^HSgFiSTA, Mention the American Bee Journal, wild raspberry. Of late years we have not had so many of the above-named plants, and the bees have not done as well. I have tried several kinds of hives, and none suits me so well as the Simplicity, with upper stories containing 7 wide frames with 38 one-pound sections, and the top and bottom bars of the frames each 1;'^ inches wide, the same as the sections ; covered with a piece of oilcloth as large as the out- side of the hive ; then the bees cannot gnaw the edges of the cloth and get up under the cover. As t have bees enough now, the last few years I have practiced hiving from 2 to 4 swarms in a hive, and then pile on the sec- tions. Last year, from 3 swarms put into one hive, we took off SO completed one- pound seciions of honey at the end of S days. This year we have had only 60 swarms, and have put them into about 35 hives. E. Tauk. Mapleton, Maine. Aug. 13. Bees and Cotton-Bloom. On page 507 it is asked whether bees work on cotton-bloom. I must differ from Dr. Brown's answer, for I have never seen (nor has any one whom I have asked) a honey- bee on cotton-bloom. I live in the cotton- belt, and have been engaged in bee-culture for 15 or IS years. J. J. Keith. Louisville, Ky. Overstocking in Colorado. As the honey harvest is over in Colorado for this year, would Mr. Thompson, of Arvada, Colo., please give his average sur- plus per colony, so that we may come to a conclusion whether his locality is not over- stocked with bees. From what I have heard, it seems rather overstocked in other parts of the State. At the last session of the Colorado State Bee-Keepers' Association, from the report of the Arapahoe county bee-inspector, on foul brood, we learned that 25 per cent, of the bees inspected were diseased ; so there are other causes than overstocking, that ought to warn others from coming into the already overstocked field. Perhaps, had there been less bees, there would be very little foul brood among them. The bees would have had the field to look for food instead of in their neighbor's hive. The American Bee Journal is always welcome. S. M. Carlzen. Moutclair, Colo.. Aug. 17. Raising Bees and Boys. I attended a formal dinner at the home of a friend some time since, at which a number of "toasts" were announced, and responded to by those present. The en- closed is the response of a bee-keeper to the toast, '• Bees and Boys: Points on Raising Both." W. C. Ke.mp. Orleans, Xnd. [The following is the " response " Mr. Kemp refei's to in the toi'egoing: — Editor.] bees and bots: points on raising both. One important point in the raising and management of bees is to own a colony and study closely their habits and peculiar characteristics. One must be neighborly 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 577 Noii-Swarmiiig Bees 1 am rearing Queens from a strain of yellow- banded Bees tbat have never been known to cast a swarm ! Can any other bee-keeper make such ;i claim ? These Queens are a beau- tiful orange-color, very prolitlc. and produce handsome three-banded workers. The Bees are great honey-gatherers, very gentle, enter the sections readily, cap their honey snow- white, and winter on the summer-stands in perfect condition in auy climate; and In most cases can be handled without smoke or pro- tection of any kind. 1 can fill an order by re- turn mall lor 200 Queens, trafe arrival and perfect condition guaranteed ; when other- wise, another Queen will be sent by return mail. Prices— One Queen. $1.00; three Queens, $•3.75: six Queens. $5. .50; twelve Queens, $9. All my Queens are mailed in self-introdui:iug cages, and directions for safe introduction with each Queen. Testimonials Just Received. Union, Maine, Aug, 17, 1895. Mr, Allev:— I Inclose $1 for a Queen like that one sent in 1894, She was a good one. W, Carroll. Olympia. Wash., Aug, 16, 1895, Mr. Alley:— The Queen you .sent me lait season is the best one in my apiary. Find $1 lor another. H. Galloway. Woodbine, Iowa. Aug-., 1895. Mr. Alley:— I bought a Queen of you last year. The bees are very handsome, good workers, and have shown no signs of swarm- ing. Send me one like her, B, L. Copeland. JS^ Don't fail to order one of these Queens by return mail. Youcan test them before July, 1896. This is the best time in the year to in- troduce Queens. Address, HEKRY ALLEY, 36A WENHAM, Essex Co., MASS, PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION Has No Sag iu Brood-Frame* Thin Flat-Bottom FoiiiidatioD Has No Fisliboue id the Sarplos Honey. Being ttae cleaneBt Is usually worked the quickCBt of any Foundation made J. VAN UEUSEN & SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Bprout Broofc Montgomery Co.. N. Y. i-i I — 1 r~] n r-1 ■■■:q~- r~ it , ■ — — , —_ 1 _ . i^=? :Z3 ==: — -1 — J :::: ^ «3 i!???vS-*\'i<::'.4:i^^,'.&'ffi.iiJ.iS. jy.-.- m tl V* Double-Barrelied Testimonials. When our rail way salesman went to Europe to attend the Inter-National Railway Con- gress, he carried a score of splendid testimon- ials from officials of the leading lines in America, We are not allowed to publish them, but nearly all mentioned among other reasons why they used the Page, that ■■itsuit- ed the ad.ioinins farmers." Thus we are able to ''stay on both sides of the fence," some thing politicians c:ui't do. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich. Globe Bee V'eii Mail for One Dollar. Five cross-bars are rivited In the 'centre at the top. These bend down f iind button to studs on a neck-band. The bars are best light sprin;; steel. 1 The neck-band is hard sprint; brass. The netting is white with face-piece of black to see threueh. y It Is easily put totcether and folds icorapactly in a case, lxGx7 Inches, 3— the whole weighing but 5 ounces. It can be worn over an ordinary hat: fits any head; doc^nutub^truct the vision, and can be worn In bed without discomfort. It is a boon to any one whoir flies bother, mosqultos bite, or bees sting, Nets, 50 cts. each. ^^ This Veil we club with the Ree Journal tor oiie year-both for $1.75; or give free as a fremium for sending us 3 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at $1.00 each. and friendly with them; talk to them, handle them, and if one should resent your caress by using its point of defense, you should grin and bear it, and not be guilty of any rash act, but in your mildest and most persuasive manner, say to it that such familiarity tends to breed contempt, and kindly request it not to repeat the act. It is certain to obey you. for it can do that same unkind act but once, and if you have but one bee, you will have no future cause of complaint; but bear in mind, that there are at least 30,000 more to deal with, and your patience and perseverance will be tried to the utmost, for they will all meet you with an argument that is convincing, and onethat sticketh closerthan anybody's brother. Another point is, that they are never idle. You know the couplet, " How doth the little busy bee Improve each shining iiour," etc. They do business through the back door as well as the front door, on Sunday as well as week-days. Their rule is to pay as they go, and sometimes they pay without going. This habit of industry is to be emulated by their keeper, that he may in- still it into his boys. As the raising of boys, as well as bees, is a question to be discussed in this response, I will pass to that part of my subject. As there are not so many jiohiU to be handled here, your time will not be heavily taxed. It is very necessary that a colony of bees should be a part of the belongings of the man who owns a boy — not only to supply him with a delicious food, but to teach him habits of industry and lessons of economy. If you do not want the worry, trouble and anxiety of long years in raising that boy, you can do it much quicker by calling your bees to your assistance. Place one of your most trusty and reliable pets on the seat of a chair; cover it with a thin gauze to hold it; direct your boy to sit down on the thin gauze. If you have done your duty as a parent should in training that boy to habits of obedience, he will obey at once, and then you need give yourself no further con- cern, for that boy will raise himself without assistance. Honey Almost a Failure, I commenced last spring with 4 colonies, having wintered without any loss, I in- creased them to 10 colonies. After swarm- ing the honey season closed about the last of June. Sourwood and basswood were almost a failure, as it has been raining nearly every day since July 1. K it con- tinues raining, the bees have to be fed, or starve, as the rain washes all the nectar out. of the flowers. But we hope to have a fall flow, which will save the bees from loss. There are a good many bees kept in the old-style box-hive, and such bee-keepers would not take a bee-paper, as they " know it all," but make but little money out of their bees. But we hope that they will soon learn bee-keeping as it is now practiced by the best bee-keepers. Joe Stephenson, Bunch, Tenn., Aug. IT. False Pennyroyal — Fall Honey. I want to know what is the weed I here- with send you. I found it in a neighbor's fence-corners five or six weeks ago. The bees work on it all day. There is only one bunch of it, yet the bees seem to go as crazy over it as they would over a frame of honey. The plant seems in full vigor, with a fair promise of yielding honey for some time yet. My bees have worked on clover all through June, July and August to date, getting just honey enough to stimulate brood-rearing and swarming, I have bad a number of swarms since July 20, and they are still at it. I think the prospect is good for fall honey. We have had lots of rain since May, which is causing a rank growth of weeds, W, E. Burnett. Harrisburg, 111., Aug, 12, [The plant is Pyrnimthcmnm linifulia. some- times called "false pennyroyal." It has been noted for some time as a good honey- plant. It belongs to the mint family, and is one of our native prairie plants. — T. J. BuRRiLL, University of llliuois.J Full of Faith for Next Year. The honey crop is light here again. I have run tor increase largely this season, and now have as fine a lot of colonies as I ever owned, the hives filled with brood and honey, I am full of faith for next year, and am entirely happy, even if my answer to Query tlSli (on page 5T0) does suggest the blues. No, sir; I could not have the blues it I should try. I will, like the bees, divide the stores, and be happy, while there are any ; then be content to suffer with the rest. B. Taylor. Forestville, Minn.. Aug. '30. " THE KEYSTONE DEHORNER * Cuts clean oa all sides-does not crush. The W most humane, rapid and durable knife (9) made, fully warrftuted. Highest World's f5) Fair Award Descrintive Circulars Free. SA.C.BROSIUS, Cochranville, Pa ®®®®®(!XSXSXS)®®®®®®®^^ New Sweet Clover Seed For Sale. 10 pounds $1.00; 100 pounds, $8.00. Heady by Sept. 10. K. ITIILLEK, 30A4t COMPTON, LeeUo,, ILL. Me-iuion tiie Anuirican See Jourmii, MDTH'S HONEY EXTRACTOB PERFECTION Cold-BIaMt Smoker«, Square Glaoit Honey Jars, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Chas. F, Muth & Son, Cor, Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O Send lOi' for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers, Mention the A.m,erican Bee JounmL Comb Honey, Extracted Honey, and BEES'WAX. Spot Cash paid for Goods at Market Prices. Francis H. Leggett & Co., IVew York. 35A1'2 Mention the American Bee Jo".rnaL AND LUNG DISEASES, DR. PEIRO, Specialist Offices: loip, loo State St,, CH ICAQO. Hou rs 9 to 4. Mention, thej-lnicricdn lice Ji-u.rtuU- Queens and Iiiclei ! Untested Italian Queens, by return mall, 75c; Tested, $1,00; Select Tested, $l„")0. Nuclei, by express— per Frame, 7oc, Address, C. E. lUEAU, 87 Artesian Ave., Station D, Chicago, III, MentUm, the American Bee Jovmtat. 578 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Sept. 5, Constitution of the North American. ARTICLE I.— Name. This organization shall be known as "The North American Bee-Keepers' Association," and shall include in its territory all of the United States and Canada. ARTICLE II.— Object. Its object shall be to promote the general interests of the pursuit of bee-culture throughout North America. ARTICLE III.— Membership. 1. Any person interested in apiculture may become a Life Member upon the pay- ment to the Secretary of the sum of ten ioUars. 2. Any person interested in apiculture may become an Annual Member upon the payment to the Secretary of one dollar. Ladies interested in apiculture may become members free. 3. No member shall be entitled to the floor for more than five minutes in any dis- cussion, without the consent of the Associa- tion, nor a second time, unless by the con- sent of the President, or a majority of the members present. 4. Any person may become an Honorary Memlier by receiving a majority vote at any regular meeting, after having been approved by the Executive Committee. ARTICLE IV.— Officers. 1. The officers of this Association shall consist of a President, a Vice-President, a Secretary and a Treasurer, who shall be elected by a majority ballot at each annual meeting, for the calendar year following: and their duties shall be the same as usually devolve upon such officers. They shall con- stitute the Executive Committee. 3. The Executive Committee of this Asso- ciation shall cause the Constitution to be printed in appropriate form, and every per- son joining the Association shall be entitled to a copy of the same. 3. The Executive Committee shall select subjects for discussion, and the same shall be published with the cmH for the next an- nual meeting. It shall also provide badges for all members. 4. The Executive Committee shall also provide a place of meeting for the annual convention, and see that all necessary ar- rangements are made to carry out the de- mands of this Constitution. ."j. The Secretary shall be paid a salary of $25.00 a year, at each annual meeting. 6. An Auditing Committee of three shall be appointed by the President, on conven- ing of each annual session, whose duty it shall be to audit any or all accounts so ordered by the Association. ARTICLE v.— Meetings. The annual meeting of this Association shall be held at such place as shall be agreed upon at the previous annual meet- ing. Ten members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, but a less number may engage in discussion, and adjourn until some future day. ARTICLE VL— Vacancies in Office. Vacancies in office, by death, resignation, or otherwise, shall be filled by the Execu- tive Committee, until the next annual meeting. ARTICLE VII.— Defense Committee. A Defense Committee of seven shall be appointed for the purpose of considering the applications of members for defense from unjust lawsuits by those who are prejudiced against the pursuit. This com- mittee shall be the officers annually elected by the National Bee-Keepers' Union. ARTICLE Vm.— Amendments. This Constitution may be amended at any annual meeting by a two-thirds vote of all the members present. ConTentlon Notices. Kansas.— There will be a meeting of the Southeastern Kansas Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion in r'ort Scott. Kans.. on Sept. 19, 189.T. All are cordially invited to come arid have a good time. There will be a full program. Bronson, Kans. J. C. Balch, Sec. Minnesota. — The next meeting of the Southern Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Association will be held at Winona. Oct. 1.5 and IB, 18!I5. All members are urgently requested to atr tend. A 11 bee-keepers and others interested are cordially invited. K. C. Cobnwell. Sec. Winona, Minn. Wisconsin.— The Southwestern Wisconsin Bee-Keepers' Association will hold its next meeting at Platteville, Wis.. Oct. 8 and 9, 189.5. "Come, every one." Don't get dis- couraged if we haven't got a crop of honej'. We will have a good time at Platteville. just the same Bring your wives and daughters with you. Many interesting subjects will be discussed. M. M. Rice. Sec. Boscobel, Wis. Hortli American Bee-Keepers' Association OFFICERS FOR 1895. Pres.— K. F. Holtermann Brantford, Ont. Vice-Pbes.— L. D. Stilson Fork, Nebr. Secretary. — W. Z. Hutchinson... Flint, Mich. Treasurer.— J. T. Calvert Medina, Ohio. Ifatlonal Bee-Keepers' TJnlon, PREhiDENT— Hon. R. L. Taylor. .Lapeer, Mich. Gen'x. Manager- T. G. Newman, Chicago, 111. 147 South Western Avenue. Select Tested Italian dueens Friends, I will have '200 Select Tested Queens lor sale Sept. 1. at $1.00 each or $10.00 per dozen. Untested, 50 cents each, or $5.00 per dozen. Tested Queens 75 cents each, or $6.00 per dozen, either Golden Italians or Imported stock at same price. Safe arrival and satis- faction guaranteed. Address. F. A. CROWELL,, 31Att GRANGER, MINN. COMB FOUNDATION. Wholesale and Retail. Quality always the best. Price always lowest. Working Wax iu»o Foundation by the lb. a Specialty. I can make it an object for you in any quantity, but offer special Induce- ments on straitrht a5 or 50 lb. lots. Or for making large lot of Wax into Foundation. 1 am furnishiug large uealer,s, and can also please you. Beesivax taken at all tlmew. Write lor Samples and Prices, to GllS DITTMEK, AUGUSTA, WIS. Reference— Augusta Bank. lOAtf WHEN Answering this Advertisement, mention this journal. WoodclifF Queens. I will send a Guaranteed 5-Banded Yellow Queen, bred from a Breeder selected from 1000 Queens (some producing over 400 lbs. of honey to the colony); or a 3-Banded Italian Leather-Colored Queen direct from a Breeder imported from Italy. Oct. '9-i— at 75c., and a special low price for a quantity. My secret is to sell an extra-larg-e amount, which enables me to sell at low prices. Will run this sprmg 350 Nuclei— have 1 home and 4 out apiaries. No Queens superior to my Strain. B^^ Send for Descriptive Catalogue and Testimonials, to Wm. a. Selser, Wyncote. Pa. KANSAS BE_^.SIS?3s • Before placing your order lor Supplies write tor my Vkry Low Puices on D. T. HIVES, SECTIONS. SMOKERS SHIPPING-CASES AND COMB FOUNDATION. Catalogue Free. ISEtr A. W. SW^AN, Centralia, Kan. Meniiora the American Bee Jowmai Honey & Beeswax Market Quotations. CniCAGO, III.. Aug. 25.— We are having considerable inquiry for comb honey. We have as yet received but a few small consign- ments. We quote: Fancy white, 15c. ; No. 1 white, 14c. Extracted, 5@7c. Beeswax, 2o@27c. J. A. L, KANSAS CITY, Mo., Aug. 20.— The receipts of new comb and extracted honey is fair, the demand not large, but will increase with cooler weather. We quote: No. 1 white comb, l-lbs., 14@15c.; No. 2, 12@13c. : No. 1 amber, ll®12c.; No. •-!, 10@llc. Extracted, white, 6@6Hc.; amber. 5!<5@6c.; Southern, 4i4@5c. Beeswax. 220(250. C. C. C. & Co. PHILADELPHIA, PA.. Aug. 19.— New crop of comb honey is coming in more freelj and generally In good condition. Demand is now beginning to spring up. New extracted is arriving in a small way. We quote: Fancy comb, 14®15c.; good, 1,3c.; fair, 9®llc. Ex- tracted, 4V!a5!4c. It is hard to get our mar- ket to rally after the blow it received in the spring on discovering such a large amount of beeswax adulterated. We quote pure wax, 22@25c. W. A. S, ALBANY, N. Y., Aug. 19. — The honey market is now beginning, and I think this the best time to sell, especially white grades of comb honey. Receipts so tar are light. We quote: White comb. 14®16c.; mixed, 12® 14c. Extracted, white, 7@7!4c.; mixed, 6@ 6Wc. ; buckwheat and dark, 5 i4®6c. H. E. W, CHICAGO, III., Aug. 7.— Some of the new cron of comb honey has come on the market, anowe have sold same at 15c. There is also sale for the darker grades at 8® 12c. Extract- ed, 5®7c.. according to quality, flavor and color. Beeswax. 25@27c. K. A. B. &. Co, BUFFALO, N. Y.. Aug. 23. — Receipts of honey are light as yet. Comb and fancy stock would sell at 14®15c. ; choice, 12®13c,; buck- wheat is moving exceedingly slow and Is hard to place. The indications are that early ship- ments will realize the best results. Beeswax, 25@30c. B, & Co. CINCINNATI. 0., Aug. 7.— Demand is live- ly for new extracted and comb honey, all old honey being closed out. Arrivals are fair but Insutiiclent for the demand. Comb honey brings 14@15c. for choice white. Extracted, 4®7c. Beeswax Is in good demand at 20®25c. for good to choice yellow. ^ C. F. M. &S. CHICAGO, III., Aug. 23. — Fancy white comb honey (l-lbs.) In nice, clean packages sells at 16c.; other grades of white honey, 14 @15c.; amber. 13@14c. We are having a good trade in extracted honey, selling light amber and white at 6®7e.; dark, 5®5Hc. de- pending on quality and style of package. Early shipments to market advised so as to permit of sale before cold weather sets in. Beeswax, 28c. S. T. F. & Co. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers, Most of whom Quote In this Journal. Cblcago. Ills. J A. Lamon, 43 South Water St. S T Fish & Co.. 189 S. Water St. k', a. BnRNETT .& Co., 163 South Water Street. New York, N. Y. F I. Sage & Son, 183 Reade Street. HiLDRKTH Bros. & Skgelken, 120 & 122 West Broadway, Chas. Israel & Bros.. 486 Canal St. I J. StrinOHAM, 105 Park Place. Francis H. Legoett & Co., 128 Franklin St. Kansas City, Mo. C. C. Clemomb & Co., 423 Walnut St. Buffalo, N.Y. BATTER80N & Co.. 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. CHAS. DADANT & SON. Pliiladelpliia, Pa. Wm. a. Selser, 10 Vine St. Cincinnati, Olilo. C. P. MUTH & SON. cor. Freeman & Central »V8. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 579 Questiot;)'Box> In the multitude of counsellors there is safety. — Prov. 11-14. Exper' Opinions of tlie Bee- i.iicrature of To-Daj'. Qnery 986.— 1. What new feature would you like to see added to our present bee-liter- ature, and which you think would improve it? 2. What do .vou think could be eliminated therefrom, and not impair its value ?— Mo. Prof. A. J. Cook— 1 and 2. I think it superior already. E. France — 1 and 2. I guess I will leave this matter to the editor. Chas. Dadant & Son — 2. Eliminate re- ligion, politics, and personal disputes. P. H. Elwood — 1 and 2. More of new methods and implements, and less of old. Rev. M. Mahin — 1 and 2. I am well satisfied with our bee-literature as it Is, and have no suggestions to offer. Rev. E. T. Abbott— 1. Some of the fellows who write stop, and some who write very little write more. 2. Ignor- ance. Mrs. L. Harrison — 1. I do not see but that the ground is thoroughly worked over now. 2. Let those who see any " weeds " pull them up. C. H. Dibbern— 1. I don't know. 2. The present literature seems to be all that can be desired, and I don't know where I would eliminate anything. Mrs. J. N. Heater — 1 and 2. You have found one person, at least, who does not know better how to manage a paper than the editors do. Our bee-literature suits me as it comes to us. J. A. Green — 1. I do not know of any " new " feature that I would like to see added. 2. I would like to see every- thing eliminated that is visionary, im- practical and uninteresting. Dr. C. C. Miller — 1. The appointment of a censor to make corrections, such as striking " and " out of this question. 2. Eliminate all unkind things that are said merely for the sake of being unkind. Eugene Secor — 1 and 2. It seems to me that the apicultural field is pretty well covered by the bee-journals. I am not one of the fellows who thinks he could publish a better journal than is made to-day. W. G. Larrabee— 1. Perhaps honest quotations from some of the commission men would be beneficial. 2. That is hard telling. I would not want to spare any of the departments from any of the papers. R. L. Taylor — 1 and 2. I who am without experience either as editor or publisher would not venture to criticise those who have had long experience. Our editors are pretty good judges of what their readers want. B. Taylor— 1. I think to add the fact that bee-keepers must have better honey crops soon or go to the poor-house would be an improvement. 2. The statement that the honey-producers are generally having a good time. Allen Pringle — 1 and 2. When you say "feature," I suppose you mean /ace- features. Well, I would take away some of the check from them, and add to another feature which spreads itself out (or ought to spread itself out) above the cheeks and eyes ! Then there is another feature (bump) on the top of the head, just north of the crown, which gives rise to self-conceit, which could be " elimi- nated therefrom, and not impair its value." Of course, I assume that by " bee-literature " the querist means the bee-journals on this side the line as well as that. W. R. Graham — 1. I would like to see a representative man, or writer, from each State, Territory and Province — a person that would give the facts of the State and the locality. 2. I liked the original size of the Bee Journal better than the present. G. W. Demaree — 1. 0 I don't know I I am fairly well pleased with our present bee-literature. 2. Well, a good deal of jaw about " 8-frame hives," and about too much " bands " on bees, etc., could be dropped for awhile, without impair- ing our bee-literature. Dr. J. P. H. Brown— 1 and 2.— Our bee-literature is up with the times, and can be found in pure doses. Those who don't want it pure, can also be gratified in taste by swallowing it with a bit of onion, cabbage, chicken, seed, or, if need be, with a text and sermon. J. E. Pond- 1 and 2. I think the bee- literature is working out its own salva- tion in pretty good shape. The editors keep pretty closely in touch with their subscribers, and know better than I can teach them, what is desired and what is not. I should leave the matter to them. H. D. Cutting — 1. The literature is all right, but the honey all wrong. Let us have more honey, and the literature will take care of itself. 2. There have been too many subscribers eliminated. What the literature wants is more sub- scribers, and then the literature will be all right. J. M. Jenkins — 1 and 2. I don't know. But I would like to see Dr. Miller punched off the fence, and be made to realize that he does know. Then, let Doolittle put some clean clothes on his man ; and send Rambler a new pair o' pants, to wear awhile instead of those old striped 'uns. That's all I know. Jas. A. Stone — 1. I do not know. 2. I do not know. When any one advises me in any of my affairs on which I have given a good deal of thought, I always have a desire, before following his ad- vice, to know whether he has been suc- cessful or not. I will apply this by say- ing I have not given this subject thought enough to advise as to it. G. M. Doolittle— 1 and 2. The most of our bee-literature ranks even with other literature. Tell us how all literature can be improved, and I will tell you how "our present bee-literature" can be im- proved. Our editors are sharp, wide- awake men, and give that which all are satisfied with, except those whose names could consistently be placed in the "Growlery." W. M. Barnum — 1. I would like to see this Query-Box department in every bee-journal. It is in my estimation one of the most valuable features peculiar to our bee-literature. It should be of equal worth to both beginner and "old vet- eran." 2. The long-spun, of-Iittle-lm- portance article. Sectional departments. Make the journal apply to the country over. Short, "kinky" editorials, void of personality, etc. QUEENS ! Now ready by return mail, reared In full col- onies from the best honey-gathering strains In America, at the following very low prices: Tested each $1.50 ■' per i^ dozen 8.00 Warranted purely-mated each .76 " per !^ dozen 4.25 *• per dozen 8.00 If you want Queens for bu*.iness^ get my old reliable strain. 40-p. descriptive Catalog Free. W. W. CAKY, Colrain, Maes. 27Atf Mention the A meriean Bee JowrnoZ, eOld reliable PEERLESS FEED eRINDERS Grinds more grain to any degree of fineness than any other mill. Grinds ear- corn, oats, etc., fine enough for any purpose. War- ran ted not tochoke. We warrant the Peerless to be THE BEST AND CHEAPEST MILL ON EARTH. 1^~ Write us at once for prices and agency. There is money in this mill. Made only by the JOLIET STROWBRIDGE CO.,JOLIET,ILL. Jobbers and Manufacturers of Farm Machinery, Carriages, Wagons, Windmills, Bicycles, Harness. Btc. Prices lowest. Quality best. Mention tfie American Bee JournaU 34A26 ITALIAN BEES AND QUEENS. Queens, 75 cents, or two for SI. 00. mrs. A. A. SimPSON, 29A8t SWARTS, Greene Co., PA. Mention the American Bee Journal DO NOT ordx:k vntil you have WRITTKN US FOR PRICES ON The "Boss" One-Piece Section Also D. T. Hives, l^liippin^-Cratcs and Other Supplies. We have completed a large addition to our Factory, which doubles our floor room; we are therefore in better 6hape than ever to fill orders on short notice. Seud, for Price-Ijist J. FORNCROOK, WATERTOWN, Jeff. Co., Wis.. Jan. 1st, 1894. Barnes' Foot-Power Machinery. Read what J. I. PARKNT,of Ch a rlton, N. Y., says— "We cut with one of your Com- bined Machines, last winter 50 chaff hives with 7-ln. cap, 100 honey-racks, 5(X) broad frames, 2,oou honey-boxei and a Kreat deal of other work. This winter we have double the amount of bee- hives, etc., to make and we expect to do It with this Saw. It will do all you say itwlll. Catalogue and Price - List F. & JOHN BARNES, No. 99.^ RubyBt.. Rochford, 111. The Adels-A Kew Strain of Bees Friends, I shall be prepared to fill orders for Adel and Italian Queens June 1. Try them Warranted, $1: Tested. $1.50; Select Tes., $2. 23C Josepli Erway, Havana, N. If. Mention Hie A.inerican Bee J&iimai. 3-Franie Nucleus and Italian Queen -$2.50.- Untested ftueens, 75c.; Six for $3.50. DlNCount on QiiantitleK. FOIL-LINE-OF-SUPPIIES. I. jr. STRINGHAm, 105 Park Place. NEW TOHK, N. T. 580 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Sept. 5, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! Itl8 always economy to buy the beBt. espe- cially when the best cost nomoretlian sometliinp not hall' so (rood. OUU FAL- CON SKCTIuNS are acknowledged to be superior to any ou tbe market. Tlie same Is also true of our HI VE8 ami BEE- KEEl'EKS' SUl'I'LIKS, of wbich we make all mociern styles. OUK IMIICES will bcl'ound as low as those of any of our competitors, and in many cases low- er, and you are always sure of pettinvr flrst-cluss sroods. We also publish THE AMERICAN HKE-KEEPEK. a monthly magazine (FUtli year) at 50c. a year. In- valuable to beginners. Lar^e Illustrated catalogue and price-list free. Address, THE W.T. FALCONER MFG. CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. ^f" W. m. (lierrisli, of East Nottlus- taam, N. H., is our Eastern agent. New Bngland customers may save freight by pur- chasing of him. What's the Use of Keepinff Bees If you do not sell the honey? That's what we are here for. Get our high prices before sell- "ci R. HORRIE & CO., Commission Merchants, 224 iSoutli Water St., Cbicago, 111. 24A13 Mtntion the American Bee Journal. I ARISE ^fO SAY to the readers X of the BEE JOURNAL that I»OOIiITTl.E has concluded to sell — BKE8 and QUEKN8— In their season, during 1895, at thefollowlns prices : One Colony of Italians on 9 Gallup frames, in light shipplnK-box $7 uci Five Colonies 30 (lO Ten Colonies 5ooo 1 untested queen. 1 00 6 " queens 5 50 12 " •■ 10 uo 1 tested Queen... ^1 50 s " Queens. 4oo 1 select tested queen 2 00 3 " " Queens 5 oc Select tested queen, previous season's rearing. . 4 oo Bitra Selected for breeding, THK VKBT best.. 6 00 About ft Pound of BKB8 In a Two-frame Nucleus, with any Queen, »2.00 extra. ^- Circular tree, giving full partlonlarB regard Ing the Bees and each class of Queens. Address G. M, DOOLITTLE, 12A25t BORODINO. Onon. Co., N. T. HONEY QUEENS I Have been carefully bred for producing comb honey for the past 18 years, and by a special method for producing lai-ge, long-lived, pro- liflc Queens. Can furnish either 3 or 5 Band- ed stock, bred in separate yards, 3-Bandfd bred from my own or Imported Mother. No foul brood or paralysis. Warranted Queens, purely mated, 60 cts. ; Tested, $1.00; Selected lirecders, i'i.oO. Discount on quantities. 27Atf J. H. GOOD, Nappaiiec, Ind. Free Silver iJifSfFw Yon trntll further notice 1 will furnish COrfIB FOUNDATION as follows : 10 lbs. Heavy or Medium Hrood Fdn.$3.50 10 lbs. Ll»iht •■ 3,60 10 lbs. Thin Surplus Foundation 4.00 10 lbs. K.\tra-Thin Surplus Fdn 4.50 No orders will be accepted at these prices from persuiis living east of New York State. For REESWAX-fair ciuallty. delivered here. 27c. cash: 23c. In trade. W.J. Finch,Jr.,Springfield, 111 28A13 MentUm the American Bee Jtmrnal. A VlVm-f-fe R-TkonO '" rc8pon§e to many inqiii JT^kJKJXJlfKi O k^lJClOC;. ,.ies I will renew my sneeial eH I will renew my speeial oiler for a §liorl time only : — rive " SI. Joe " Hives, Ij^-.Slory, eul ready to nail— no see- lionti— for $ii.50 to any one who lia§ never had a erale of these Hives. I sell Dadant's Foundation al their priees ; pay CASH for BEESWAX, and keep a stock of Shipping-Crates and Other Bee-Supplies. SPECIAL l>RICES the rest of tiie season. Write and say wliat you want. EMERSON T. ABBOTT, When Answering tmis Advertisement, mewtios Tuts journal. ST JOSEPH MO A Thousap Jojj Comb }\m Will be made on the Foundation sold by us this year. That is why ^ ^ WE NEED BEESWAX. Now is the time to order your Foundation for 1896. Although the on both Beeswax and Foundation for the balance of tbe season, we want all ^ The Beeswax You Have to Offer. |S^ Send for Catalofrue of Bee-SiippilCK, IiHiisstrotli Revised, etc. CHAS. DADANT & SON, alevlmn the American Bee Journal, HAMILTON, Hancock Co., ILL. Why pay 60 to BOOiarod tor fence when you can rr.ekethel BEST WOVEN WIRE FENCE ON EARTH FOR 13 TO 20 CENTS A ROD? • Horse high, bull strong, pig and chicken tight. A man and boy can make from 40 to eOrodsaday. OverSO styles. Illustrated Catalogue Free. kitselman brothers Ridgeville, ; Indiana. 36Etf Mention the American Bee Journal. THE COMENTIOI Will of course talie me away from home a lew days, but customers need not hesitate on that account in sending for queens, as 1 shall leave the nuclei well-stocked with Queens, and Mrs. H. can All orders just as well and as promptly as I can. "By Return Mail " will be the motto just tbe same whether I am at home or not. Single Queens, SI. 00; six for $3.00. One Queen and Keview for $1.30; one Queen and the book •'Advanced Bee-Cultuhe," for $1.25: Queen, Book and Review, $'3.00. Remember that the Queens are bright, young tested Queens, strictly first-class in every respect. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. Mention the American Bee Journal TAKING OFF HONEY The Porter Bee-Escape Has been styled the Poetry of Bee-Iveeplng. Saves time, brushing of combs, ugly stings, smoke, uncapping of the cells, robbers, and, in a word, a large amount of annoyance. Price, 20 cts. each, or $3.25 per Box of One Dozen. Write to your nearest dealer, or to the A,]. ROOT CO., who have the control of the sale of this Implement. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. 35tli Year. CHICAGO, ILL., SEPT. 12, 1895. No. 37. Coj;)tributed /Vrticles^ On Lmfxyrtaxxt Apiarian Stibjeota, No. 8. — Packages for Extracted Houey. BY CHAS. DADANT. Barrels. — This is the largest package which is used for hooey. We have used barrels for 25 years, to keep our crop in bulk. We do not know of a single instance, however, where honey was retailed out from the barrel. But we find these very convenient when the honey is just harvested, as they can be handled readily, and are inexpensive. We use alcohol barrels altogether, which can be bought second-hand from any druggist. • The alcohol barrels are gummed inside with a sort of glue to keep the alcohol from evaporating, and this glue is useful in keeping the honey from soaking into the wood or leaking. The barrels should be kept in a dry place when not in use. A cellar will not do, for the wood may swell, and if the barrel should happen to be exposed to heat and drouth later on, the shrinkage of the wood will cause leaks. We keep our empty barrels in the barn, and tighten the hoops on just before fill- ing them with honey. In this way we never have leaky honey-barrels. If the honey is removed before it is granu- lated, no trouble will be experieuced. When the honey granu- lates in the barrel, it is necessary to remove one head to take it out. This may be done in such a way that the head is re- placed after the honey is removed, and the barrel is as good as before. But it is absolutely essential that the head should be put back in the same position as at first. To do this, we mark the head and the- chime in corresponding places, and hold the head with a strong gimlet screwed in the center, while taking it out. Large Tin Cans. — These receptacles, made of the size of an extractor can, are used by numerous bee-keepers to keep their crop of extracted honey. One of the advantages claimed for these cans is, that they allow the honey to ripen after it is harvested if the cans are kept in a warm place. As we said before, we do not follow the method of artificial ripening of honey, and therefore this advantage of the cans is of no use to us. But the cans have some disadvantages. They are expen- sive, not easily transported, and will rust easily. We find that a barrel will outlast a can of the same capacity. As much of our honey is extracted from out-apiaries, away from home, and has to be hauled in promptly, the can is out of the ques- tion. Besides, barrels may be rolled into any house, or shop, or even into barn, without danger from dust, mice, or prying fingers. We had once a crop of 85 barrels of clover honey. We had not a building large enough to house the crop except our barn. Into the barn it went, and remained until winter. Cans would have been out of the question. Another difficulty with the large cans, is to remove the honey after it is granulated. We have often had honey so. hard that it took a spade to dig it out. But a spade will cut the sides of a can while it is harmless in a barrel. The 60-Pound Cans. — We now come to a package which is nearer to the retailing package than those already men- tioned. The 60-pound can owes its reputation to the fact that a great many grocers are willing to buy it and retail the honey out. This package is also within the limits of the purse of well-to-do consumers. For this reason, we think it is quite likely that this package will come more into favor every day. The Lard-Pails. — These pails, the flaring lard-pails — which our old Friend Root has decorated with the name of "The Improved Dadant Pail " — are a good package, and one of the advantages of this style is that they can be shipped, when empty, in a rather comparatively small compass, owing to their "nesting" inside one another. We have for 20 years, or more, retailed the greater part of our honey crop in pails very similar to these, and which we use yet. We handle four sizes, weighing, when full, 10 pounds, 5, 2X) and also a small can holding only Hi pounds. These are usually weighed gross, honey and all, and the weight of the pail helps to pay for its cost. It is with this package that we can reach the masses — the consumers who are unable to spend much for delicacies, and who want their money's worth of what they buy. When honey sells at wholesale for 7 cents per pound, the bee-keeper may put up his honey in tins and furnish it to his customers in small-sized packages for less than 10 cents per pound. This is the best way to get rid of a large crop of honey. Too many of our bee-keepers sell their honey on the large markets, and glut these markets, for the want of a little forethought and a little painstaking to supply their own home market. When honey is put up in attractive shape, thousands of pounds find their way into the consumers' hands directly from the producers' home. We never put up our honey in cans directly while extract- ing, but transfer it to the cans from the barrels, as occasion requires. It takes a little more time, but the honey is more clear, having had time to get rid of the impurities which may be taken out with the last gallon of liquid houey drawn, or may be scraped from the surface of the honey when the barrelfu! is granulated. Glass Jars. — These are also much in vogue for the re- tailing of extracted honey, and some of the largest dealers in honey, Messrs. Muth & Son, of Cincinnati, use this sort of package extensively. We have never liked this package, owing to the danger of breakage, the expense and weight of 582 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Sept. 12, the glass. Besides, when the honey granulates, it does not look well in glass. Onr advice to those bee-keepers who wish to try the home market is this: Put up your honey partly in the 6l)-pound cans, and partly in barrels, and fill it into tin cans of different sizes as occasion requires. To those who wish to handle the honey but once, and sell it in a lump on the largo markets, we will give the advice of putting it all up in the regular 60-pound can. But let every one remember that a good market for honey, and a good pay- ing price for the honey, cannot be secured unless one works for it. Hamilton, 111. [This is the last of the interesting and practical series of articles on " Extracted Honey " begun by Mr. Dadant in the first number of the American Bee Journal for 1895. In future numbers, there will be published more from the same source, though probably on other equally important subjects relating to bee-culture. — Editor.] Brine Method of Caring for Empty Combs. BV J. A. GOLDEN. Every once in awhile the question is asked, "How shall we keep the moth-worms out of combs?" and the answer in general is, " Fume with sulphur," which is always a very un- pleasant task. Therefore, Mr. Editor, I wish to give the bee- keepers my method of preserving combs, for all persons that have ever had brood-combs to take care of know that it re- quires vigilance In the strictest sense, to be successful, and then one finds he has combs that must go into the wax-ex- tractor ; besides, it always ruffles my temper to have a nice brood-comb mutilated by the pesky moth-worm, more than any other mishap in bee-keeping. Having had entire success in curing bee-paralysis, of the most malignant type, and every case treated has remained permanently cured up to this time, not even one bee has ever shown the least symptom of the malady ; although some of our great, good, and wise bee-keepers have honestly differed from me in their opinions, after testing the remedy, from the fact that they did not succeed in curing the malady; while I believe all admitted that their bees did not die off nearly so fast as previous to treatment, at the same time there are many who have proved the salt remedy efficacious, so far as I have been able to hear from — so I use the same remedy for moth- worms. Having accumulated a good many beautiful combs, from one year to another, and it worried my patience to find every once in awhile a mutilated comb, caused by the moth-worms, I sorted out 40 beautiful, unsoiled combs, and the balance I rendered into wax. I made a strong salt-brine, and fully saturated the 40 combs with the brine ; this was done over two years ago, and there has never been any trouble from the moth-worm since. If the treatment proves effectual against the ravages of the moth-worm, bee-keepers ought to know it. My plan of treatment here at the house-apiary is as fol- lows (and after treating three or four combs one can treat them quite speedily and effectually, remembering that a thor- ough test is always the surest road to success in any problem in life — anything short of this causes disputes, contention and unpleasant sayings, and a failure in the end) : ^ake, say one quart of brine, putting in all the salt the water will dissolve. Take an empty brood-frame, cover one side with wire-screen, by tacking it on with small tacks. Spread on a table an oilcloth, take a brood-comb, lay it on the table, and pour the cells, on one side, full of brine (I use a gum sprinkler). Then lay on top the frame with wire-screen. Lay on the table another brood-comb, lift up the comb full of brine and turn over and hold it over the empty comb, and give the frame a quick upward jerk, and the brine will quickly pass into the cells of the empty comb. Drop the screen-frame on the comb just filled, and lay the comb just emptied down on the table, the other side up ; pick up the one now with the screen on top, turn it over the one just emptied, and with a quick upward motion you will complete the comb. Thus you continue the work, refillingand emptying until all are treated. The brine should be quite warm, and will adhere to the cells better. The wire-screen prevents the combs from breaking when throwing the brine out with the sudden upward motion or jerk. When the combs are dry, they will look frosty ; thus they can be laid away, and, when wanted for use, give them a good rinsing in a boiler of tepid, clean water, when purer combs cannot be given to the bees. This is the experience of the writer. Reinersville, Ohio. ^ What Dr. Miller Thinks. The Swarming Habit. — Bert Lownes, on page 549, makes a strong argument against the possibility and desira- bility of breeding out the swarming habit. He says the de- sire to swarm " has existed ever since the bees were created, and I can truthfully say, will exist until they become extinct." That settles it that there is no possibility of getting rid of swarming, except for one fatal defect, that no proof of the truth of that statement accompanies it. Even supposing he proves that bees have always swarmed, he would need to prove that they will swarm, and always have swarmed when not at all crowded, etc. As to the desirability of getting rid of the habit, he is not so positive. He only thinks that no drones would be reared if there were no swarming. But others may think they would be reared if swarming were forever to cease, so the matter of desirability stands just as it did before. There is some encouragement in knowing that Mr. Lownes has faith that it is both possible and desirable to prevent swarming. I confess that my faith in that direction is not as strong as it once was — that is, my faith in its possibility — and if he will give us some practical way for the prevention of swarms, I'll not quarrel with his views as to the swarming habit. The Kingbird. — I'ts very kind in Bro. Ford, on page 553, to comfort us with the thought that the kingbird confers a benefit by killing off the unnecessary population of our hives, but the thought will not down that we might discrimi- nate more wisely if the destruction were left to us instead of the kingbird. An ApoLOGy. — I hereby apologize to Bro. Abbott for hinting at the possibility of his making a mistake. And now, Bro. Abbott, please refer me to the page in Gleanings from which you quoted "Sweet clover is a sort of weed," that I may take that editor of Gleanings in hand. Just a postal. Ripened Honet. — So important is the matter that I make no excuse for again referring to the words of Mr. Pringle, quoted on page 555, on which Mr. Abbott has so forcibly and wisely commented. I thiuk it is true that the average sample of extracted honey on the market is not as good as the aver- age sample of comb honey, and I further think it could be and ought to be better. For comb honey must be snow-white to bring the highest price, and if taken while the comb is snow- white, the contents of the comb will not be as rich and good as if left longer on the hive. This richer and better honey we can have with the extractor, and if every bee-keeper took pains to put none but such honey on the market, I don't be- lieve there could be the same difference in the price of ex- tracted and comb that now exists. People are willing to pay 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 583 more for comb honey because it looks better, but they also pay more for comb honey because in general it is better. The Chicago Convention, according to an item on page 556, is to be during the week of the Fat Stock Show ; but the same mail that brought that notice brought the Chicago Record, saying there would be no Fat Stock Show on account of the collapse of the Coliseum. Kow, what's going to be done ? The convention should be only at such times as give low railroad rates. A Model Apiary. — According to that article on page 557, the main thing in a model apiary is to have such ar- rangements as will not allow swarms to cluster out of easy reach. Why not secure that by haviug all queens clipped? One advantage is, that you can clip your queens without wait- ing, but you can't get trees to your mind without much waiting. With regard to evergreens, my experience does not agree with that of the writer. A number of evergreens are about my house, but no swarm in all the years has ever lit on one. Fruit-trees are, however, nearer to the apiary. But I had for several years an out-apiary in a beautiful grove of evergreens, and I never knew a swarm to alight on one of them. By pref- erence they took a small deciduous bush farther away. But it is also true that I never saw many swarms there. Bee-Swarming Houbs. — The difference of observation mentioned on page 558, may be very simply accounted for by the fact that B. Taylor has not only had a long experience, but an experience with a large number of colonies. The longer his experience, and the greater number of colonies kept, the more exceptional cases, and the more exceptional some of the cases. I've had swarms as early as Mr. Taylor, but I'm not sure I ever had any as late. That Constitution. — Eugene Secor, on page 563, com- plains that the North American is so overloaded with a con- stitution that it's in trouble, and thinks the constitution should be short and simple. I'm afraid the executive committee have failed to carry out Section 2, of Article IV, of the Constitu- tion, or he would hardly talk that way. But I suspect, Bro. Secor, that you have forgotten that some of the "overload- ing" was unloaded at St. Joe. .lust turn to page 578, and tell us what there is in the constitution that should be shorter or simpler. And if you find it all right, just send a boy with a typewritten apology to my house. Marengo, 111. Cause and Prevention of Smothering Bees by the Bee-Escape. BY Wil. MDTH-RASMUS8EN. I have just read Mr. Demaree's article on page 502, about smothering bees by the bee-escape. Having had the same experience a few times, I will give the true cause, as I have found it in my case, and also the prevention of this disaster to the bees left in the super, after the escape had been put on the hive. Lack of ventilation is, of course, the cause, but not the first cause. It is the result of the first cause. I use wide frames in the super, and a honey-board be- tween super and brood-chamber. When the honey-flow is good, and the sections are left in the super until they are fully finished, the bees will often build burr-combs between the honey-board and the wide frames, filling these burr-combs more or less with honey. When the super is raised, to place the escape-board underneath, these burr-combs are broken. Now, if any of them happen to be directly over the entrance to the bee-escape, or under the exit, the bees cannot go through. If only the exit is stopped by burr-combs, the bees will crowd into the escape from above, jamming each other until those already in the trap are smothered to death, when they soon swell and effectually stop all ventilation from below. This, of course, causes the smothering of all the other bees in the super. Now for the prevention: When I put on escapes, I always carry with me a box-scraper and a tin pail. After loosening the super from the honey-board, by inserting a strong butcher- knife between them, I raise the right-hand side of the super and peep underneath. If I see any burr-combs likely to in- terfere with the exit of the bees, I take the scraper, and with a few quick strokes remove the burr-combs directly over and under the trap in the escape-board, as it will be when it is in position. My assistant has in the meantime kept the bees back with the smoker. After dropping the scraper into the tin pail, I raise the super with both hands, while he puts the escape-board in place, and I then let the super down. The whole is only a moment's work, and since I have practiced this, I have never lost any bees by smothering in the super. Independence, Calif. Migratory Bee-Keeping in Michigan. BY J. A. PEARCE. On page 461, it says a migratory bee-keeper from Kala- mazoo had gone to Frankfort, Mich. Now, I wish to make a little correction. I am not from Kalamazoo, but from Grand Rapids, and I am identified with her interests. I do not know why any one should say I was from Kalamazoo, unless he must have thought I had escaped from our splendid asylum located there, as you naturally suppose that any one who would move right off into the wilderness of the north, with a carload of bees, without saying anything about it, must be a little "rattled." Even the engineer of the switch-engine that placed my car to be unloaded, thought I was a little " off," I guess, for he asked me if I was going to let those bees loose in the woods; and if I thought I would ever find them again ! I told him I thought I would have no difficulty, as I had a little horn that I could blow, and as soon as the bees heard it they would all come flying to me I "Well," he re- plied, " that is a wonder !" Now the facts about this business are about like this : The conditions we have had at my home have well-nigh para- lyzed the honey-business there. Last year I had SO good col- onies in the spring, and in the fall I had 80, and about 300 pounds of honey. And last spring in looking over the field, I could not see anything encouraging, and already a drouth had set in that bid fair to be what it has been — the worst that the south half of the State ever saw. So I came in and told my wife that, although I was of a hopeful turn of mind, I could see nothing that the bees could get to live upon, and we should have to go to a good deal of expense to barely hold them where they were, if they then did not "go up," and next year must be even worse than this ; and if she thought she could care for the chickens, and the man for the raspberries, if there were any, I would pack my bees and start for Benzie county with them. She did not quite favor the proposition, but owing to the condition of things she yielded. So one morning I commenced to put the screens on the hives, and before the next morning I was well on my way towards Prankfort-on-the-Lake. There were two large loads of fixtures, and two loads of bees — 76 colonies. We hauled them 5 miles, took the fixtures in the afternoon, and as soon as the bees would go in (and that was not very early) we shut them in and started. It was nearly midnight when I kissed my loving wife, caught up my grip that she had carefully packed, and took my departure from our lovely home in the hills, surrounded with its 40 acres of nearly all kinds of fruit. It was with some misgivings that I went, myself. It was no Sunday-school picnic, and if any one should attempt to follow 584 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Sept. 12, me in this, I wish to say it is not an easy thing to make your arrangements and get ready a carload of bees in so short a time, and only a strong conviction of duty prompted mo to do it. I wish to say right liere that my car was attached to the passenger train, and very nicely handled, and the moving was quite a success. I lost only a part of two very heavy colonies that completely choised the screen that was all over the top of the hives. As to how much honey I shall get, I am unable to say, but I am getting some, and the bees are in the finest condition 1 ever had them. I shall put them up to about 100 colonies, besides selling enough to pay for bringing them here, and have the honey I get to help cheer my wife next winter, for so valiantly talking care of the chicks and fruits while I am away. It was my intention to take the bees home again on the ceasing of the honey-flow, but my mind is changed, and I shall pack them here. You naturally ask what they get to feed on here. Well, there are the usual spring things, and some fruit-bloom, as this is going to be the best fruit county in the State ; then comes red raspberry, and I want to say that it is yielding yet, as some pickers told me yesterday that the bees were just swarm- ing on it up in the woods, and I also have seen for myself. Then comes white clover, and the latter part of June com- mences that wonder of a honey-plant — the Epilobium, that this morning they seemed to be working on as hard as ever. It lasts well up till frost, then when it is at its best basswood comes, and for reasons I have not time to explain here, it lasts nearly a month— It is going a little yet. The golden-rod is just opening — there are miles of it ; and sandwiched in with these are catnip, milkweed, thistles, buckwheat, etc. In short, it is wild feed instead of tame that we depend upon. And we have had rains, and it is raining while I write this little description of my migratory bee-keeping to set myself right before the bee-fraternity. Frankfort, Mich., July 30. Starting an Apiary in Calif. — Keeping Combs. BY DE. E. GALLUP. Many eastern correspondents ask me about starting an apiary in California. In the first place, you want to select the locality, and in many cases it costs considerable labor to make your road, but in other localities the labor would be but a trifle. You can purchase your bees in movable-comb hives for from SI. 50 to §1.75 per colony ; or, if you take one season, you can gather up your colonies for a trifle, or get a small start, and then make your bees, as the climate is such that one can increase very rapidly in the valleys, as you have from the middle of March to the middle of October to do it in — seven months. In the mountains, or foot-hills, you want an extracting- house. Some use a cloth tent at first, but a house of rough lumber and redwood "shakes" can be built very cheaply, and one can live in the cheapest kind of a house, or can live in a canvas tent the entire year, as many have done until they get a start. Of course you want an extractor, also a sun wax-extractor to melt the cappings, pieces of combs, old combs, etc. Then you want to preserve all spare combs from the moths. To start with, you can dig a square hole in the ground large enough to hold the supers with the surplus combs — not In the hole, but over it. Place some scantlings over the hole, and pile up the supers containing the combs, side by side, and six or eight supers high ; put covers on top, and over the whole place a canvas to keep in the smoke. Bank up tight all around the bottom supers. Dig a small trench 3 or 4 feet long out from this square hole, and cover with a strip of old tin or sheet-iron. This trench is to put the burning sulphur in. Melt the sulphur in some old kettle, and when melted saturate old cotton-rags with the melted sulphur, and when cool keep a lot on hand ready for use at any time. Then all you have to do is to set fire to some of those sulphured rags, and place them in the trench, and cover it up, and it is a very short job to fumigate the combs as often as required. It is poor policy to allow the moths to destroy combs. Now I have told you how a poor man with little means can start an apiary. If one has the means, he can build a small, tight fumigating-house to hang the combs in, and then he has it on hand at all times. When we have good seasons right along in succession, the bees take care of their own combs, but when we have a season like the season of 1894, and lots of our bees die, or we have spare combs that we do not use for any cause, then it pays to preserve them, as with the ready-made combs one can, if he knows how, build up his apiary in short order, and have the bees on hand and ready for storing by the time the harvest commences in this glorious climate. If bees are cared for as they should be, there need be but very little loss. Understand, we do not have to prepare our bees for winter as those do in the East. We can set down a hive where we want it, and there it stands year in and year out. Now, do not take my word for anything, but come and see for yourself. I know many a poor man thit came here, all broken down in health, went into the mountains and started a bee-ranch in the most primitive manner, and came out all right, with excellent health and independent. Neither do I wish to advise any one, but I am trying to give facts as I see them. I have been in this State over 15 years, and I con- fess that I am enthusiastic over our country and climate. Now what are ymi going to do about it ? Santa Ana, Calif. P. S. — I ordered six queens from a Massachusetts breeder, and they were 1 1 days on the road, owing to washouts in Arizona, and other delays, and they arrived with not a single dead bee. They were put up in quite a different manner from what they used to be when I was a bee-keeper. E. G. CONDnCTED BY DR. J. P. II. BROVVA% AUGUSTA., GA. [Please send all questions relating to bee-keeping In the South dlrec* to Dr. Brown, and he will answer in this department. — Ed."] Eigrlit-Framc Hives — management of Bees. " ' Eight frames are not enough for some queens,' and similar expressions, are still found in the pages of some of the bee-journals. I cannot help wondering how long this fallacy will last To hear some talk, one would think that ' cramping a queen for lack of room,' was one of the most dis- astrous things possible for a bee-keeper to do." — W. Z. Hutch- inson, in Review for July. Look here, Mr. Hutchinson, you needn't think that you and Heddon know everything, and what you "don't know" is not worth knowing. Whatever may be right with yourself, and in your locality, is not necessarily the best everywhere else, and in everybody's hands. Cramping the laying of a queen by lack of room, with me, means invariably a swarm in- stead of a surplus of honey, and is certainly unquestionably " disastrous " so far as my pocket-book is concerned, and this is not a "fallacy," but an incontrovertible fact. Let us look at the question carefully. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 585 The amount of brood reared by a colony depends on four factors : 1st. The strength of the colony. 2nd. The prolificness of the queen. 3rd. The temperature. 4th. The amount of room, or rather of empty comb, for the queen to lay in. Of course a honey-flow is supposed. The 1st condition is evident. No matter how prolific a queen can be, no more brood will be reared than the colony can take care of. The 2nd and 4th are also evident. The 3rd deserves a little more consideration. During the early spring, the temperature is too low to permit any more brood reared than the bees can well cover. That is, only the space occupied by the cluster of bees is kept warm enough for brood- rearing and also for comb-building. As the weather gets warmer, the cluster will expand, and even if the colony is not stronger, the amount of brood will be greater. During the summer, in July and August, when there is no need of keep- ing the brood covered all the time, the bees will be found scat- tered in the whole hive, and even a small colony will rear a considerable amount of brood. Now, for your case. You first go into winter with rather weak colonies, of old bees, at that. Don't you say it is not so? It must be. With your system of curtailing brood-rearing in the summer, for fear of boarding " useless consumers" during the balance of the year, you cannot have very strong colonies in the fall. After a long, severe winter, you come out in the spring with weak colonies of old bees. These old bees disappear rapidly, and on account of the low temperature cannot rear any more brood than they can cover. It is fully four weeks before the young bees begin to emerge. You have now only four weeks more to build good, strong colonies just before the honey-flow begins. I mean the honey-flow upon which you depend for surplus. Four weeks with a weak colony of old bees, a small amount of brood ready to hatch, or rather to emerge from the cells, cannot build such a very big thing, and I have no doubt that with your management, and in your locality, your eight frames are enough. Well, you are now at the eve of the honey-flow, with your eight frames full of brood, rather than bees, your queens wanting to swarm badly because they are cramped for space, and what is of more importance yet, only a few weeks to gather your surplus. Under such circumstances, you let them swarm, throw as many bees as possible in the swarm, and by contracting the brood-nest, hiving on starters, etc., contrive to make the swarms produce as much surplus honey and as little brood as possible. Now, if I am mistaken, please cor- rect me. In my locality the honey-flow can be divided into three periods, viz.: 1st. The maple and fruit blossoms from the middle of March until about May 1, or a little later. 2nd. The second period, from May 1 to the middle of June, the principal sources of honey being the poplars, white clover and honey-dew. The poplars are very scarce in this locality ; the white clover depends on the abundance of rain, and does never amount to very much. The honey-dew is either nothing, or next to nothing, or very heavy, so the honey-flow during that period of about six weeks, is a very variable and very uncertain quantity. 3rd. The third, and I might call it the white honey period, from the middle of June to the middle or the end of July, more or less. The chief sources are the persimmon, wild grapes, and mainly the sourwood ; also the basswood, where there is any. (There is not a single basswood tree in this neighborhood.) This third honey-flow may be more or less, but never fails. The winters here are not what they are with you. Our bees are invariably out-doors, fly very often, and rear more or less brood during the winter, and generally come out in good condition, except, of course, the cases of starvation, queenless- ness, or sometimes robbing during the winter. By the first of May they are about ready to swarm, but during that time, a prolific queen, if allowed room enough, and with a colony in good condition, can fill with brood a hive of 11 Langstroth frames as well as one of eight, and thus make a colony 50 per cent, stronger. Many times, with a small hive, swarming will occur during April, with a fair chance of being repeated later in the season, which last case is "disastrous," sure enough, so far as surplus is concerned. If I could prevent swarming, and keep up brood-rearing, and thereby the strength of the colony, during the whole honey-flow, I should get a considerable surplus. In fact, the colonies that occasionally have not swarmed, have invariably given me more surplus than any colony and its swarm have ever done. Of course, I am not speaking of colonies not hav- ing swarmed because they were too weak, but of those of full strength. If I hive the swarm upon a new stand, and let it build up, being strong in bees it will soon be in good condition, and may give me some surplus during the third period of honey-flow. The old colony having all the brood and some old bees, will build up sooner than the swarm, and generally give a fair sur- plus of white honey. Remember, that when swarming occurs here, I have yet about ten weeks of honey-flow ; the first half of it very uncertain, and producing mostly inferior honey, and the last half producing white honey, and so far has never failed, but neither one can compete in abundance of nectar with your basswood flow. As far as I have tried it, your system of management, as described in the "Advanced Bee-Culture," is a complete failure in localities like this. The old colony removed, and deprived of as much of their bees as possible, caunot build up in time to store any surplus. The swarm will gather a con- siderable amount of dark honey during the first few weeks, if there is amj to gather, which is not always the case— probably only one year out of two, taking all together. After a few weeks the old bees have nearly all died out, very little brood has been reared, and the swarm is too weak to store any sur- plus white honey. And, after all, is your management the best, even in your own locality ? That you have obtained good results with it is incontestable, but could not as good results be obtained other- wise? The Dadants are in a locality exactly similar to yours, except that they have no basswood, and they have as good " crops " of honey as yours, and by an entirely different man- agement. You say that it is because they produce extracted honey. That's right ; but they produced comb honey for a number of years, and it was during that time that they made their experiments with different sizes of hives and different methods of management. Adrian Getaz. Knoxville, Tenn. The Alsike Clover Leaflet consists of 2 pages, with illustrations, showing the value of Alsike clover, and telling how to grow it. This Leaflet is just the thing to hand to every farmer in your neighborhood. Send to the Bee Jour- nal office for a quantity of them, and see that they are dis- tributed where they will do the most good. Prices, postpaid, are as follows : 50 for 25 cents ; 100 for 40 cents ; or 200 for 70 cents. #-»-^^ Tlie McEvoy Foul Brood Treatment is given in Dr. Howard's pamphlet on " Foul Brood ; Its Natural History and Rational Treatment." It is the latest publication on the subject, and should be in the hands of every bee-keeper. Price, 25 cents ; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year —both for $1.10. 586 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Sept. 12, CONDUCTED BY DR. C. C. JUILLER. AIAREXGO, ILL. [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct.! Starting: ui Bee-Eeeping. I desire to go into the bee-business. 1. How many and what kind of bees should I buy ? 2. \VilI it pay better to buy large colonies in April and May, at SI. 00 per colony, or pay $2.00 for them in the log- hive ? I have had some experience with bees for about five years. J. A. S. Tracy City,Tenn. Answers. — 1. Two colonies is a good number to start with, but as you have had experience you might add to that number according to your experience, perhaps starting with 10 colonies. Get the nearest you can to pure Italians, but if you can"t get Italians near by, get blacks, or any kind you can, and then Italianize them. 2. Better get the swarms at a dollar each, and have them put into good, up-to-date hives with movable-frames. Carrying Out Brood— Pea-Bloom, and Golden-Bod. 1. My bees are carrying out the young brood about half ready to hatch. Can you tell me the cause ? They lie out over the hive and don't work much, doing nothing in the supers, but carrying in some pollen. 2. Do bees gather honey from pea-bloom and golden-rod ? Dyersburg, Teun., Aug. 21. H. M. P. Answers. — 1. The probability is that they are getting so little stores that they think they can't afford to support a lot of drones, so they are carrying out the half-grown drone-larvaj. 2. Yes, but I don't know how much. There's great diversity of opinion as to the value of golden-rod as a honey- plant. Some say it yields well, others say it doesn't amount to anything. Probably it acts differently in different places, and perhaps at different times. Wintering Bees — Why Did they Swarm ? 1. I winter my bees out-of-doors in 8-frame dovetailed hives, with supers filled with chaff, and find that much frost gathers under the flat covers and melts when a thaw comes, and runs down, wetting the chaff more or less at the ends and covers, which afterwards freezes and sometimes molds. How shall I avoid this trouble ? 2. Is it better to let the bees have 8 frames, or to remove the two outside ones and replace with chaff-packed division- boards ? 8. I had a fine, large swarm to issue Aug. 10, at 4:30 p.m., when honey had been so scarce for a month that bees could hardly gather a living. The weather being very hot and dry, I opened the hive and found some queen-cells nearly finished. Why did those bees swarm ? J. M. R. Viola, W. Va. N Answers. — 1. There must be sufficient leakage to allow the moisture slowly to escape before It condenses on the cover or walls. Some have an inch hole covered with wire-cloth, in one end of the cover or cap. 2. Counting trouble and all in the case, I believe I'd leave the eight frames as they are. You may tell better by trying both ways side by side. 3. It's hard to account for all the freaks of bees. From what you say I can't see any reason at all for their swarming. Possibly their being in a hot place may have had something to do with it. ■ — • — ■ Wintering on Langstroth Frames on End — Bearing Queens in Upper Stories. 1. In " What Dr. Miller Thinks," on page 45-1, you say, "What will be the use of alternating the frames, etc.?" There may not be any advantage in it after all, but I have seen it in print so often, that the right way to winter successfully is to have a deep hive with plenty of capped honey in it, so that the whole cluster will have food enough over them to last them until spring without their having to move in any direction but up, and not break cluster at all ; and It seemed so plausible that I had come to think it was the correct thing, and have been experimenting in that direction for several years. I have up-ended the whole hive, which was a bad mistake, as there was not room enough below the frames, and the dead bees clogged between the frames and made a mess. Then I tried two bodies high, with 4 and 5 frames in each, and both sides packed, and in only one of eight did they stay in the lower story. The rest all went to the top, and left capped honey below. Last winter I tried the plan as reported in the Bee Jour- nal, with perfect success as far as loss of individual bees was concerned, and incidentally as far as consumption of food (notice the last sentence in '•Experiments on Wintering," page 459), but not in having them stay at the bottom of the hive and work up gradually as they consumed the honey directly over them. One reason why not, was that when I up-ended the hives in the fall, about all the frames were half full of capped honey along the top-bar, with a little capped brood in some (the laying was over), and they were fed on top until the empty cells were filled and capped over half way down. Naturally, the first food consumed was the uncapped in the lower quarter of the frames. After they had gotten up that far, they concluded they might as well keep right on and go to the top where it was warmer. They know when they feel good, just as well as " homo" does. Well, you can see by alternating the frames there will be old capped honey in one frame, and empty cells in the other frame next to it — a regular zigzag in the lower half of the frames, and they will not have the same chance to go up that they did last winter. I want to keep them down, even if they winter as well at the top, just from the idea that it seems more natural that they should breed in the lower part of the hive first — they do all summer, why not in spring ? I have 14 colonies, and they will all be wintered on five frames each, stood on end, next winter, and that will tell the story with me about wintering. I write this to you because I would like to have you try some (say 10) the coming winter, and see how it works at Marengo. I take notice that some old writers of the American Bee Journal are hinting that perhaps it might do to stand the shallow-frame hives on end ; and, between you and me, they will try it, but they won't " let the cat out of the bag" until the spring is over. 2. I tried Doolittle's plan for rearing queens. I could not get a cell started in the upper story. I then got capped queen- cells from a brood-nest, and put one each on a frame of brood in the upper story of six hives (middle of clove.-) ; two were torn down ; two others, queens found dead on the queen-ex- cluder ; two others that I saw, queens alive. I could not find any at all in a week after, with two excluders between the two bodies — (of course a hole for exit was in the upper body). Good thing in Borodino, N. Y.; no good in Lancaster, Pa. Ergo ; you might find it so with up-ended frames, but I doubt it. T. T. Lancaster, Pa. Answers. — 1. Your statement was that sealed honey would not keep the bees from going to the top, and from that one would understand that in any case bees would go right to the top, in which case alternating the frames would do no good, for even if the frames were all filled with honey, the bees would go up through them to the top. I'm rather inclined to the opinion that you mean they will go through sealed honey in a lower story to get up into the upper story. If I am not mistaken, bees" seem to like sealed honey over them, and if they are in a hive full of sealed honey they will stay just under it, working their way up as the honey is eaten. With the frames on end, there were empty cells all the way to the top, and, as you found, the bees followed those empty cells to the top. I'm a little afraid you'll not find the thing so very different even with the zigzag arrangement, for the empty cells will still have some effect, even if alternated with sealed combs. I suspect, however, that you can accomplish your purpose to keep them down by setting the frames on end quite early, or right away. In that case the bees would have time to seal up the honey above them, and thus there would be no empty cells to lead them up. You might help the matter by uncapping all the honey in one-half the frame at the time of setting on end ; that is, in the part that will be the lower half when set on end, but it will hardly be wise to do this unless done pretty early. If done too late, I think the bees will' carry the unsealed honey to the top and seal it there. 2. I suspect that the same management in Lancaster would produce the same results as at Borodino with regard to 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 587 rearing queens in upper stories. In order to get queens reared in upper stories, there must be a certain amount of isolation, and if you fall short of that, the thing won't work. Try this : Put a cloth between the two stories, so that there is only a little space at tne sides for the bees to up through ; and, if that doesn't work, put two stories of empty frames between the brood-nest and the upper story that has the brood in. Dividing^ a Colony. We have a very large colony of bees in a box-hive. If I should drum them out in fruit-bloom, next spring, and leave enough bees in the box-hive to keep the brood warm, would they not rear themselves a queen in the time they were hatch- ing out the brood ? If not, how shall I proceed, as I want to make two colonies of the one in fruit-bloom, next spring. Peris, Oreg. W. D. M. Answer. — Yes, if you leave enough bees in the hive to take care of the brood, in about three weeks from the time you drum them out, they will have a new queen laying. But now look here, unless they are stronger than most colonies are at the time of fruit-bloom, you may do mischief by divid- ing them at that time. It will be a good deal easier for you, and most likely better for the bees, to wait till they swarm naturally: but if they don't swarm then and are strong, it may be well for you to take things in your own hands. Seems to be Bee-Faralysis. What ails my bees? They are dying ofE in one colony by the hundreds every day. They turn very black, shiny and slim, and become unable to fly well (with some exceptions). Then the well bees fight them and drag them from the hive. I sometimes see similar actions to those asked about by " H. C. T.," on page 522 — a struggle between two bees, the well one dragging the other to the ground, a separation, the sick, shiny one not yet being too weak to fly, hence both returning to the hive. Sometimes the appearance of the sick ones is varied by apparent flattening and enlargement of the abdo- men ; but I imagine this to be in the earlier stage before be- coming noticeably black, slim, or shiny. The bees, until be- coming sick, are active, etc., as any other bees. But the col- ony has been queenless for some time (over three weeks now), and I found them absolutely destitute of honey, and (some days ago) with dead young bees nearly mature enough to come from the cells with the cappings off. I thought that this was possibly the work of the old bees, because of absence of food. Monterey, Calif., Aug. 20. A. N. Answer. — From your description, it seems to be a case of bee-paralysis. A good many remedies have been given from time to time, as you will see by looking at back numbers of this journal, but it seems that after a remedy is given some one reports that he has tried it and failed to find any benefit. The remedy most commonly recommended is a change of queen, but there may be a doubt whether that has much effect. The truth, I think, is that we are yet in the doubt as to the cause or cure of the disease. In the North the disease usually disappears of its own accord, and amounts to but lit- tle, but as far south as you it seems to be a real scourge. I can only repeat to look up back numbers, and try any of the remedies you like, but I don't feel wonderfully sanguine that any of them will do much good. Drunken Bees — Beet-Sugar and China Sugar — Bee-Lit- erature— That "Dime Smoker." 1. Do you know that bees get drunk on honey around the seductive blackberries, and die ? In Oregon thousands perish this way yearly, and whole colonies are disrupted. What is the remedy — a Keeley bi-chloride of gold cure, or total ab- stinence (on the part of the bee-keeper) in planting blackber- ries ? That awful Australian nuisance — the so-called Oregon ever-bearing blackberry (which some of the Eastern seedmen have nerve enough to ask 50 cents per plant) blooms a long time — over three months under certain conditions — and bees work on them greedily. Now, will it pay to plant them and have drunken bees? 2. Is beet-sugar, granulated, as good for feeding bees as cane-sugar? Is China, granulated (the kind most frequently met here), as good ? 3. Why have bee-journals better written articles, more humor, better literary style, and a more scientific treatment of topics than other journals devoted to other branches of agri- culture ? Is it on account of the " poetry " of it ? 4. Could that Doctor (G. P. Hachenberg, of Austin, Tex.,) be made to yield up the secret of his " dime smoker," which he says he described in the American Bee Journal of Dec. 5 and Aug. 8, 1888, for the benefit of those who did not know of the Bee Journal's existence until the last few months ? Yankton, Oreg. M. S. L. Answers. — 1. No, I didn't know bees were so affected by blackberry blossoms. I've read of such things with different kinds of plants, but never saw bees in anything but a respect- able degree of sobriety except when working on the Chapman honey-plant. They don't get riotous or fighting drunk, just appear stupid. I've little faith in the Keeley cure, but should try to arouse in the bees a feeling of self-respect, and induce each one to sign a total-abstinence pledge. Seriously, isn't it possible that only part of the bees are incapacitated for work, and that more stores are carried from the blossoms than to pay for all harm done ? 2. I don't know, and I can't find out for certain. Gen- erally we are told that there's no difference between beet-sugar and cane-sugar, and that a chemical analysis shows them to be exactly alike ; but across the ocean they insist that beet- sugar is not fit to feed bees for winter, I don't know about China sugar. If it's made of cane, I don't know why it shouldn't be good, always supposing it's properly refined. 3. My dear fellow, you're way off. Bee-literature is in such a bad state that an essay at the last Michigan State con- vention was read lamenting its decadence, and suggesting that the present writers be shoved out of the way and a fresh lot set to work. Perhaps if the writers of the bee-journals wrote upon other topics you wouldn't find them so interesting. Still, there's A. I. Root, who writes about everything under the sun — from piety to pie-plants — and he's always interesting. 4. Respectfully referred to ye editor. — [Probably Dr. H. will comply with M. S. L.'s request. — Editor.] What Ailed the Bees P Last summer I had 10 good, strong colonies of hybrids, and about Oct. 1 I moved them from my ranch into town, and they all seemed to be all right after the trip, and went into the winter with a good supply of honey, and seemingly all right. I did not notice anything wrong with them until a warm spell in February, I noticed that two colonies of them had the dysentery, but it came off nice and warm for a few days, and they seemed to get over it. Some time along in the latter part of March it made its appearance again in those two and one or two others, and aloug the last of April, while the fruit-bloom was out, I transferred them from the box- hives they were in into some new hives with Langstroth frames. A few days before I transferred them I noticed that the ground on a warm day would be just covered with bees crawling away from the hives, and could not fly. I would pick them up and toss them up into the air, and they would fall to the ground. They did not seem to have any use of their wings. After transferring them, they all had an attack of the dysentery, caused, I suppose, from filling themselves with honey when I was transferring them, but I could not find anything wrong with the honey, as far as I could see. They kept up this crawling away until three of the colo- nies disappeared altogether, and the remaining seven were very weak. About two weeks after transferring, I put in Italian queens, and after the young bees from those queens began to hatch out, they began'to build up. and the seven I have left are pretty fair colonies now, and nearly all Italians. None of them swarmed this summer, nor stored any surplus honey, but I noticed a day or two ago that crawling on the ground again, tbut do not see any signs of dysentery, but, on close examina- tion, I find those that are crawling on the ground seem to be swollen, or look as if they mi^ht be full of honey, but on smashing one of them, the body seems to be full of that dark, yellow fluid, like the discharge when they have the dysentery. 1 cannot find anything in " A B C of Bee-Culture " that gives any information in regard to it. A. E. H. Tacoma, Wash., Aug. 20. Answer. — I'm sorry to say I don't know enough to help you. Something of the same kind has occurred before in Wisconsin, and perhaps elsewhere, but so far as I remember the cause seemed a mystery. I think the trouble disappeared of itself, and I hope that may be the case with you. In the meantime, I shall be glad if any of the friends who can do so, will give information that will help us out. 588 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Sept. 12, ^^^^^ Georfra ■\y, York, - - Editor, PUBLI8HKD WEEKLY BY GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, 56 Flttli Avenue, - CHICAGO, IT^L. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. [Bntered at the Post-Office at Chicago as Second-Ulass Mail-Matter.] VoiniV. CHICA&O, ILL,, SEPT. 12, 1895, No, 37. Editorial Budget. The Xoronto Contention is now a matter of history. I reached the Bee Journal office this forenoon (Sept. 7), having left Toronto yesterday at 3 p.m. The attendance, as usual, was not as large as expected, but was about like that of the St. Joseph convention. The best work done was undoubtedly that looking toward a union of the North Ameri- can and the Bee-Keepers' Union. A committee was appointed to perfect plans for amalgamation and submit them to the members of both organizations, who will vote upon them by mail. The committee will also report as soon as possible through the bee-papers. I will not attempt at this time to go into any details con- cerning the convention, but will in the next number begin some " convention notes," and also give the first installment of the report. I may say, however, that the following are the newly-elected officers : President— A. I. Root, Medina, Ohio. Vice-President— Wra. McEvoy, Woodburn, Ont. Secretary— Dr. A. B. Mason, Toledo, Ont. Treasurer— W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. Another Bee-Season is nearing is close. What about the new kinks you have learned during the past year? . Suppose you tell us all about them. You'll be helping others by so doing, and thsy in return will no doubt aid you by giving the benefit of their experience and experiments. The Ameri- can Bee Journal is here to help you. It's your own fault if you don't get the worth of the money you pay for it. Is there any question you want to ask? Well, ask it. Send in a description of the results of your season's work, and then compare it with the others. Don't hesitate to report be- cause you can't write like an old-time Journalist. Some of the most helpful contributions are sent in by the poorest penmen — by those who can scarcely write a sentence correctly. But they are often the people who possess the valuable ideas. Write the best you can, and give your very best experiences. Get your facts together, and then on the first rainy day put them on paper, and — mail them to the Bee Journal office. The ^National Flowers of some countries are honey-yielders, as they all should be. A few are as follows: Scotland, the thistle ; Ireland, the shamrock; Prussia, the linden; Saxony, the mignonette ; Canada, the sugar maple; " and finally, that of the United States, adopted by the Ameri- can Horticultural Society, In 1889— the golden-rod." Poor Economy. — Some good people have queer notions. For instance, a Bee Journal subscriber who took 30 barrels or honey last year, asks that his subscription be dis- continued because he got no honey this year 1 Now the pub- lishers of this paper don't ask any one to subscribe for it un- less he really wants to, but it seems a queer thing to request its discontinuance just because there happened to be no honey taken this year, when such a good crop had been secured last year. Why, one would suppose that after a bee-keeper had a 30-barrel harvest, he would pay his subscription ahead about five years, in order to keep in advance of any poor years that might intervene. Suppose the publisher of a bee-paper should imitate the above example, and say : " Now this year I've made no money running a bee-paper. I think I'll just stop publishing it — or at leasl till we have a good honey season again !" Could it be done successfully ? Would you want the American Bee .Jour- nal to do that? Then why not keep up your subscription to whatever bee-paper you are now reading ? It will benefit you and encourage the publishers. Who knows but next year a grand honey harvest may be yours ? Don't get discouraged, but keep on in the even tenor of your way, with a stronger faith and a more hopeful hope. Mr. A. I. Root receives all kinds of invitations from admiring bee-keepers. One recently came from Anthony Opp, of Helena, Ark., who wrote: "Come down this fall, and I will give you a bear-hunt." To which Bro. Root replied, in this joking style: Well, well ! I have had invitations that were hard to re- sist a good many times, but I do not know that I was ever be- fore asked to go on a bear-hunt. ITriend Opp, how fast can a bear run when it is right down mad ? Could I take my wheel along? Is bear meat good to eat ? Suppose you should take me off on a bear-hunt, and I should gret hugged to death — what would become of Mrs. Root, and the rest of them, away back here in Medina ? Bro. Root, please don't go. It's all very kind of Mr. Opp to invite you, but really I think it would be dangerous for you. Have you forgotten " Sweet Marie " of the St. Joe variety show ? A dancing bear might be more risky than a dancing girl. I WmiA: a bear has stronger "arms." Better not go down there. * ■ «• Honey for the Complexion. — In the British Bee Journal a correspondent has this to say about applying honey on the face to improve and preserve the complexion : My wife discovered a remarkable use for honey quite re- cently. After being out at a theatre and coming home late, she was wont in the morning to look jaded and faded, her skin becoming dry, red, and harsh-looking. One night she tried the effect of rubbing gently a thin coating of honey on the face before going to bed. The result was surprising, and almost tempted me to set up in business as an imitator of the renowned Madame Rachel, who became famous by making ladies beautiful forever. Honey is one of the finest cosmetics in the world, and can be safely recommended to all ladies — and gentlemen, too, for that matter — who wish to preserve a beautiful complexion. Now, there'll be no excuse for any other than sweet-faced bee-keepers — provided they produce enough honey to put on the outside as well as the inside of their faces ! Mr. D. L. Durham, a bee-keeper living in Kankakee, 111., called at the Bee Journal office recently. He reported the season quite unfavorable up to the time sweet clover bloomed, when the bees made up for lost time. Mr. Durham thinks there is no honey-plant equal to sweet clover. A good many bee-people agree with him, too. See " Bee-Keeper's Guide" offer on page 594. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 589 f^n)or)% \\)^ Bee-Papers Gleaned by Dr. Miller. DIVISIBLE BROOD-CHAMBERS. I have over 700 half-story hives, aad do not propose to make or use any other style of hive than the divisible brood- chamber, but have not timn now to tell why I like it any bet- ter than any other hive. — O. R. Coe, in Gleanings. CONTROLLING FERTILIZATION OF QUEENS. " How the Mating of Queens can be Controlled " is the taking title of an article in Gleanings, but it is rather disap- pointing, as the plan given is simply the old oue of trapping all drones from undesirable colonies. MARKETING HONEY. To sum all up, I would say, put honey up in the most at- tractive shape possible, and sell for cash if you can obtain as much into a cent a pound as you think it will bring you when shipped on commission. If you cannot thus sell it, ship on commission to reliable parties, sending 500 pounds and under to each party. — G. M. Doolittle, in Gleanings. VENTILATION TO PREVENT S\'CaRMING. We certainly did not have the swarming with the larger hives that we have had with the 8-frame hives. But there may be another reason for that. We always, during the honey-harvest, left a small opening at the back of the hive, for upward ventilation, and a current of air was constantly passing through the hive, that may have helped a good deal to prevent swarming. We have not been giving this ventilation since we have had the S-frame hive in use. The bees will not finish up the sections quite so quickly at the back end when the ventilation is given, and for that reason we have dis- carded it. But I'm not sure but it's a good thing to have the ventilation, nevertheless. For the last two or three years we have been placing small blocks at the corners under some of our hives, raising them "(,■ of an inch from the bottom-board, leaving an opening all around, and I believe it's a good thing. It gives them more air, and it may help to prevent swarming — not that we are troubled with swarms at present. We have not had any this year, and are not likely to have. I'm not fond of swarm- ing bees, but I would even put up with the swarms if the honey would only accompany them. — Emma Wilson, in Glean- ings. PRBNENTION OP AFTER-SWARMS. The best way I know to prevent after-swarms is to have all the bees that can fly go with the first swarm, and this is the way I manage it: Have all colonies strong, even if it should be necessary to double them up in the spring, so that they will swarm at the beginning of the honey-flow. Then hive the prime swarm on the old stand, removing the super, if any, from the parent hive to the swarm ; then set the parent hive on top of the swarm's hive and allow it to remain there two or three days. All the young bees that have ever been ont of the hive, when they come out, will go in below with the swarm. About the afternoon of the second day, if the weather has been favor- able, the parent colony will have become so depleted of bees that they will give up swarming a second time, and will begin to carry out drone-brood. It is then safe to carry them to a new location ; they will not swarm again, but will build up to be a strong colony, and will store some fall honey and be a good colony to winter. In this way we get extra-strong colo- nies that will store more honey than the two together would if the queen-cells had been cut out. Crowd the brood-chamber with bees instead of contracting it. — Geo. W. Stephens, in Nebraska Queen. WHY B. TAYLOR DISCARDS DIVISIBLE BROOD-CHAMBERS. At length I came to the time, as I have told in the June Review, when I had to choose between them ; and I had to decide in favor of the larger brODd-chambers, upon the ground of utility alone, and for the following reasons: The double brood-chambers cost more to make. I have always sold a single brood-chamber, such as I use, for §1.25, and could not sell two sections of the shallow hive for anything like that sum, for each section costs nearly as much to make as the larger full hive. It is true, there is a little less material in each section of the shallow hives ; but in the two sections there Is at least 40 per cent, more material, and very nearly double the work. There are 20 instead of 10 frames; two hive-bodies instead of one, each costing in work and material nearly as much as a single full hive. Now, if I could have secured more honey, or with less work with the double brood- chambers, the increased cost could have been borne without loss ; but after 30 years' trial I was compelled to know I could not. I at length became aware that I had over-estimated the double brood-chambers. Especially did this become manifest in the last few years of poor honey crops, when the struggle for bread and butter became greater. I have no apology to make for over-estimating the double brood-chambers. I once believed the double brood-chamber wintered bees better than the full hive ; but in the last few poor seasons for honey I have lost heavily in bees each spring, and the colonies in the double hives fared as badly as those in other hives. I now know that it is the bees themselves that make wintering (when proper rules are observed) safe. I have long observed that some seasons bees wintered well in all styles of hives, and with seemingly careless management. I now believe I know the cause. Now, do not understand me as denying that the double brood-chamber has some good points ; but its bad features overcome them. I have tested the "shake-out" function, the reversible function, about which much has been claimed ; and I k7unv that, for practical work, they are arrant humhuas. — B. Taylor, in Gleanings. BEST SIZE OP HIVES. Concerning the discussion as to big and little hives, Ernest Root says : "In the meantime, let us not forget that we have had a few " eye-openers." Let us rehearse just a few of them. (1) More bee-keepers are using cubical hives than we supposed. (2) A larger number find the 10-frame hive preferable to the 8-frame than we had any idea of : and (3) it is evident that some bee-keepers are, or have been, getting along with too small a brood-nest ; especially is this true in the South and West. (4) Some like divisible brood-chambers that can be contracted or expanded at will, and think this is the best solu- tion of the problem, (o) Others who have tried them do not find them to be an entire success, and have finally concluded there is nothing better than full-sized brood-frames— that is, a brood-nest with a single set of combs. "But perhaps the biggest eye-opener of all is the fact (6), the 8-frame hive is not as generally accepted as about the right size for all bee-keepers as we have thought. "Another eye-opener, and closely related to that pre- ceding, is (7) that bee-keepers at large have been running too much toward small sizes in hives, and now the tide is turning slightly the other way. Just where it will land, nobody knows. Now the question rises in view of this, 'Is it wise to stop right here ?' I confess I do not know, and ask for greater wisdom of our many readers." SWEET CLOVER — MELILOTUS ALBA. Edwin Montgomery, of Starkville, Miss., says this about sweet clover [the great honey-plant) in the Agricultural Epito- mist : " Melilotus Alba is considered only a weed in the North- west, but in the South it is prized as one of our most valuable forage crops. It belongs to the leguminous class of plants, and hence derives the greater proportion of its nourishment from the air, and the deep subsoil, where the roots of but com- paratively few plants can reach and feed. Mowed before the plant becomes too large and woody, the quality of the hay is first-class, and in nutritive quality equal to any of the clover family. In its green state stock is not fond of it at first, but soon acquires a taste. It is a rich milk and butter food. The life of the plant is two years. The usual plan is to mow the plant once the second year and allow the second to mature seed. These seeds fall to the ground and germinate where the conditions are favorable, and thus your land is seeded again for two years more. Seed can be bought at from §1 to $1.50 per bushel, and a bushel will sow four acres. It is par- tial to a lime soil, and I would not advise anyone to sow it on any land not strongly impregnated with lime. It will grow luxuriantly during the most protracted drought, due, of course, to the deep extension of its tap-root into the soil. It is said to make first-class hog pasture. "A commission merchant for the sale of live stock, at New Orleans, says the best quality of beef he ever received from this State or Alabama was made from animals fattened on Johnson grass and melilotus. As an improver of worn soils it 590 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Sept. 12, bas no superior among leguminous plants. Gen. Stephen D. Lee, President of the Mississippi A. &, M. College, of this place, has been growing it extensively on his farm in Nuxubee county, Mississippi, and claims that when planted on the poorer portions of the farm, land that would only produce 5 to 10 bushels of corn per acre, the same land now produces 80 or more bushels per acre. It is a plant that is steadily growing in favor with the farmers in the lime belts of Mississ- ippi and Alabama." CRIMSON CLOVER IN DELAWARE. The value of crimson clover begins as soon as the plants appear above ground, for then they begin to act as a shade and mulch, and to use and conserve fertility which would otherwise have been leached or blown away. They soon begin to draw nitrogen, for the nodules on the roots are found in great plenty, even in early December, or before. From that on until the busy bee extracts its store of sweets from the blossoms, the roots are lengthening out and searching for food three, four, and more feet underground. We have been told that crimson clover has no tap-roots, and therefore cannot reach down after phosphoric acid and potash ; also that its life is too short to accomplish the work which red clover does. The facts are, that it does do it ; and it has been proved by chemical analysis. We consider the root arrangement of crimson clover more advantageous, because the mass of roots are in the surface soil, where they are most needed. It can be used with or after almost every crop. None should be used on strawberries ; for these, use it the year before the patch is set. It should be sown every year in blackberries and rasp- berries. It will stand the winter here if sown after sweet po- tatoes are dug. No plant we have here equals crimson clover as a honey- plant. It produces every year, and all the time when in bloom, some three or four weeks, according to the nature of the soil and climatic conditions. The growth of the blossom seems well adapted for honey-production, as it grows in length, and the bees work on the new growth until the blos- som is full-grown, two or three inches in length, in many instances. The principal trouble here in getting the honey seems to be in having the bees good and strong, and ready. It comes early; and if the bees are ready the sections fill very rapidly, and the honey is excellent.— T. F. Cooke, in Glean- ings. CONDUCTED BY Rev. Emerson T. Abbott, St. Joseph, AIo. Ho-w to make the Garden Pay.— The ques- tion is often asked as to what is best to combine with bee- keeping in order to make it profitable, but I have ceased to put it in this way, as I am confident that the day has gone by for anyone to depend upon bee-keeping alone for a living, ex- cept it be in a few favored locations where are grown exten- sively forage crops which yield a large quantity of nectar. This being the case, it ceases to be a question of what to com- bine with bee-keeping, and becomes a question of what indus- tries can bee-keeping be made a part. I look upon bee-keep- ing as a branch of agriculture, and I am thoroughly convinced that most farmers could make a few colonies of bees add materially to their comfort and income. There are also scores of people in villages and small towns who could keep bees to advantage. Among the things that may well be combined with bee- keeping, or with which bee-keeping may be combined, which- ever way you want to put it, is a good garden. People who have never enjoyed the comfort and satisfaction of a garden do not realize how much they have lost in this world. How. ever, in order to make the garden profitable, it must be an up- to-date garden, and conducted in accordance with modern ideas and methods of gardening. These methods may bo learned in various ways, but everyone who has a garden will find a modern book upon the subject of great advantage. I have before me such a book, a revised edition of " How to Make the Garden Pay," by T. Greiner, published by Henry Maule, of Philadelphia; price, $2.00. (This or any other book mentioned in this department will be sent, postpaid, on receipt of price, by the publishers of the American Bee Journal.) Mr. Greiner is an experienced and successful gardener, and he has given the world a book which is filled with prac- tical suggestions, and one which is at the same time interest- ing to read. I am confident that he who calls the attention of his fellowmen to such work does them a great service. There was a time when the cultivation of the soil was considered mere drudgery, but that time has gone by, and to-day the demand is for the highest grade of intelligence in all rural pursuits. What the world wants is meu and women who can do something, and do it with intelligence and dispatch. I feel constrained to urge apon all tillers of the soil, who have under their care a family of children, the importance of placing in their hands just such books as Mr. Greiner's. Give them books to read on general agriculture, gardening, poul- try, apiculture, etc., and you will soon find them entertaining advanced views of life, as they begin to realize how much agriculture, in the largest sense of the word, adds to the sum of human happiness, and how dependent the world is on the tillers of the soil. 'l do not wonder that work seems mere drudgery and life barren to many a farmer's children, as their surroundings offer so few opportunities for growth in knowl- edge. They have not been taught to think, and they have but little taste for reading, as they have never had anything but a few school-books and the almanac to read. Such children are sure to look upon manual labor of every kind as slavish toil ; and, if they occasionally catch a gleam of the possibilities of a better method of living, they are almost sure to seek it in the restless activities of some great city. Many a father sees his son depart for such a life, with sadness and sorrow, as he well knows how many there are who fail, and how many more are carried down to an untimely grave, with ruined lives and blighted hopes, by the great waves of sin which surge and beat on the streets and in the secret and hidden dens of vice in every large city. You ask what is to be done to prevent this, to avert these dire calamities which come to so many ? Give them employment early in life ; teach them that the noblest and most honorable thing any man or woman can do is to earn a living by the sweat of their brow ; make their early lives happy ; give them books to read, flowers and fruits to cultivate ; make their homes comfortable, pleasant and at" tractive. lu a word, satisfy the longings of their higher natures, and they will soon learn to find enjoyment in any work which the duties of life have laid upon them. I am aware that all of this is not about bees, nor "How to Make the Garden Pay," but it relates to the higher question how to make life pay, and he who learns this is sure to make a success of any undertaking, whether it be tilling the soil or caring for the busy little workers as they gather the golden nectar to sweeten the pathway of life. Czir)adiar} Bccdorr}^ Foul Brood Anions Bees — Phenol Treatment. Understanding that a fatal disease, known as foul brood, has been prevailing among bees of late years, and also that Rev. W. F. Clarke had gained some important information and experience in regard to it, the Mercury reporter sought an interview with him at his apiary in relation to the matter. The following is the substance of Mr. Clarke's remarks on the subject : HISTORY OF THE DISEASE. Foul brood Is the most virulent disease with which bees are ever attacked. It is supposed to have existed from the 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 591 earliest times of bee-keeping, but not much has been known in regard to it until of late years. Various circumstances have led to its wide prevalence in recent times. The use of the honey-extractor, the breeding of queen-bees and the traCBc in bees and their transmission by mail, express and otherwise, have been among the means of diffusing this fell disease. The vicinity of Guelph has been badly infested with foul brood, owing mainly to the establishment of an apiary of 40 colonies near Victoria Bridge. This apiary was sold to the party who started it by Mr. D. A. Jones, of Beeton, probably without his being aware that the bees were affected with the disease. At that time Mr. Jones and other dealers in bees were but little aware of the nature and prevalence of the disease. That apiary of 40 colonies became dwindled and scattered ; dis- eased swarms went oflE to the woods, and the whole region around Guelph became inoculated with the disease. Even now, comparatively few understand the disease properly to diagnose it. NATURE AND SIGNS OF THE DISEASE. People often mistake chilled or dead brood for foul brood. When a cold change in the weather comes in early spring, and the breeding of young bees is pretty far advanced, it often happens that the nurse-bees are not able to sufBciently foster the young brood with warmth. The result is similar to that when a hen does not sufficiently cover her clutch of eggs- Some of them get chilled and become addled. In the same way patches of bee-brood become chilled and lost in a bee- hive. But this is not foul brood, which is a microbe disease, and must have either the bacillus or the germ in the hive to start it. Its culture is similar to that of such microbe dis- eases as diptheria. The signs of its presence are as follows : Discoloration of the larvae indicating disease, which pro- gresses until it ends in death, when the larvaj changes into a putrid mass, which is of a dark chocolate or coffee color. It is viscid and has a certain toughness, so that when a pin or a sliver is pushed into it it will draw out like taffy. When the disease is considerably advanced it gives forth a most offensive odor, somewhat resembling the stink of a glue-pot, only the smell is more pronounced. Like all microbe diseases, there is a tendency in these diseased germs to increase very rapidly unless checked. REMEDIES FOR FOUL BROOD. Various remedies have been devised for the cure of this disease. Mr. D. A. Jones discovered a fasting process. He found that when all their honey was consumed the bees made a fresh start, free of the disease, but there were difficulties in the way of this remedy which prevented it being widely adopted. A cure known as the McEvoy cure has been in most e.^ctensive use. Mr. McEvoy is Foul Brood Inspector for the Province of Ontario, and has power to enforce his remedy bylaw. It is no doubt an effectual cure when properly ap- plied, but the objection to it is its costliness and the trouble involved in it. Various drug remedies have been resorted to, and one of these, known as the Cheshire cure, has been successfully adopted by some careful experimenters. Mr. Cheshire, though not the discoverer of the cure, was the first who achieved dis- tinguished success with it. Unfortunately he died before he was able fully to develop his process. In Volume II of his great work entitled " Bees and Bee-Iveeping," he gave a full account of the bacillus and its germ or spore, and briefly de- tailed his method of treatment. To prove the efficacy of his cure he challenged the British Bee-Keepers' Association to produce the worst case of foul brood that could be found, and pledged himself to cure it, which he did to the satisfaction of the Association. The recipe was then published to the world. It was tried by many bee-keepers in Britain, on the Continent, in the United States, and by a few in Canada, all of whom failed to make it a success. Mr. Clarke has been experiment- ing with this remedy for the past three years, and believes he has hit upon the essential conditions to success. They are few and simple, and may be briefly explained as follows : The drug is known to chemists by the name of "phenol," which is a refined preparation of carbolic acid. To succeed with this remedy it is necessary that the bees should consume a portion of it. They are tempted to do this by its being mixed with sugar syrup in certain prescribed proportions. To induce the bees to partake of it, it must be greatly attenuated and fed to them when there is no honey to be gathered. Fed in a time of scarcity of nectar, they will take it, if given one tive-hundedth to one seven hundred and fiftieth, that is to say, 500 to 750 parts of sugar syrup to one part of phenol. Taken by the bees anywhere in these proportions the drug will kill both the microbe and the spore. This fact, which Mr. Clarke believes has been demonstrated, is of the greatest importance to bee-keepers. The present is the most favorable time for trying the rem- edy. The bees are hungry for food, and, like a starving man who is not particular for luxuries, like quail on toast, the bees are glad to get a plain article of food. The remedy is cheap and of easy application. Mr. Clarke is anxious that bee-keepers should put this remedy to the test. It is of no use merely to place the phenolated syrup in the hive — the bees must consume it in a curative quantity. They will do this if they have no honey to gather from outside. Let it be dis- tinctly understood that two conditions are absolutely essential to success in the use of this remedy : First, that the bees have no other resources, and second, that phenol be diluted so that the bees will accept it. This will be somewhere between the 500th and the 750th. Mr. Clarke gives this wide margin because he is not sure whether phenol is always of the same strength. Phenol may be obtained of any good druggist. Syrup, medicated with phenol as described, is a preven- tive as well as a cure. Owing to this having been an excep- tionally bad honey season, a great many colonies of bees will require feeding before winter, and Mr. Clarke earnestly ad- vises all who have any feeding to do to do it with phenolated syrup. About five cents' worth of phenol is sufficient tor 10 or 12 pounds of sugar syrup. It is a cheap and easy experi- ment for bee-keepers' to try. Bees that do not require feed- ing, but are suspected to be tainted with foul brood, should have a small quantity of the phenolated syrup daubed over the brood-combs and run into the cells adjacent to the brood. If this be done the bees will assimilate a curative quantity of the drug. This is a thoroughly scientific mode of treatment. It is well known that carbolic acid is one of the most potent of antiseptics, and, as already stated, if the bees can be induced to take it, it will kill both bacillus and the spore. It has been stated that any drug that will kill the bacillus will also kill the bee. This he has proved, over and over, to be a mistake. Phenol, given as he has directed, will kill the bacillus and spore of foul brood without hurting the bees or larva;.— Guelph, Ont., Mercury. "In Shipping Comb Honey," says Prof. Cook in the Rural Californian, " the shipping-crate should not hold more than 12 pounds ; should have glass sides, so as to show that the contents are fragile, and should be so placed that the combs will run endwise of the car. This prevents the comb from breaking out." <-»*^ Honey as Food ami Meclicinc— A new and revised edition of this 32-page pamphlet is now issued. It has 5 blank pages on which to write or paste recipes taken from other sources. It is just what Its name indicates, and should be liberally dis- tributed among the people everywhere to create a demand for honey. It contains a number of recipes on the use ot honey as food and as medicine, besides much other interesting and valuable information. Prices, postpaid, are: Single copy, 5 cts. ; 10 copies 35 cts. ; 50 for $1.25 ; 100 for .?3.00. Better give them a trial, bend all orders to the Bee Journal office. 592 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Sept. 12. Attention, Bee-Keepers ! We are IVo^v Ready to Receive Sliipments of HONEY, both Comb & Extracted ALSO For the Season of 1895-96. We have made preparations to store Comb Honey in Any Quantity. This is our Fifth Year as a HONEY COMMISSION HOUSE. We received 812 Shipments last year. We kindly solicit the business of our friends of former years, and a Trial Shipment of all Bee-Keepers in the Country. J. .A.. l^JiJh/LCD1>T , 43 South Water Street, - CHICAGO, ILL. % ^po BUY A "STRY ON" BURLIINGTON fkVani P ni IUVET ;out horse is alnas'sclean.U keeps the !k I finLt KLnHRt I ■ talr smooth and glossy. No surcingle WlWWfcilk l*fct»HI%fcli reqnired. No tight girth. No sore backs. Nochnfint'Of mane. No rubbing of tail. No horse can wear it nnder his feet. No Come Off to Them! Your Harness Dealer Keeps Them. If not. write as for Free Catalogue and prices. The "STAT On" Burlington irXer^VtSs. BURLINGTON BLANKET CO. Burlington, Wis. 5***jHk*********************************************** .•iTDSt Please mention the American Bee Journal. //^^P«, ""E MAN WITH THE i^S^ UNION o°^i^;^^-^°^ \S?t7li^^WlH ran do the work of four men usingr hand tools, in Kipping, Cutting-off, Mi- tring-. Kabbetiug, Groov- ing-. Gaining-, Dadoing, Edging-up. Jointing Stuff, etc. Full Line of Foot and Hand Power Machinery. Sold on Trial. Catalogue Free. SENECA FALLS IflFO. CO., 46 Water St., SENECA FALLS. N. T 27D1''. Mention the Amer-irnn Bee MmmaX, **-****-***-**-*-*■*****■*-*--*■**-*** * ""'■J^^^^^^ The Reliable* *\ ""* « 1 ft \S DuriMo. Correot in Principle. Leader JU fonu VB »N. at World's Fair. 6c[3. io utampa for . it >J^ ■■ ntw 111; paco Poultry tiuidc and Cata- ^ * toxaf. POULTRY FOR PROFIT made plain. Bed-Roek Inf.-.rmatioii- it it Reliable Incubator and Brooder Ca.,Ouincy, HI. 4r ************************** 37D16t Please mention this Journal. INCUBATORS: e Warrant J The Home Remedy Case BE J EKKSHIRE. Oht^fiter White, __ Jersey Red A Polund Ohiua Pigs. Jersey, Guernsey & Hol- Btein Cattle- Thoroaghbred Sheepi Fancy Poultry, Hunting . and House Dogs. OataloKne. OChranvIlle, Chester Co., Pa. Mention the American Bee Journal. THE BOTTOM IS OUT For the next GO days wo will sell Warranted Purely-Mated Queens At 55 cts. each; 6 for .$3.00. Tested, 75 cts. ; 6 for $4.00. AH Queens sent hy return mail. Satisfaction guaranteed. Address, LEININOEK BROS.. 33Dtf FT. JENNINGS, OHIO. WHEN ANSWEHINQ TMI8 ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION TM13 JOURNAL. This choice st-ilcctiun consists of 15, Reme- dies, especially chosen with a view to the most probable reijuirements of the family; put up in a nice Leatherette Case with a Book- let of Directions so clear that no one can go wrong. The supply of Medicines is quite enough for months, perhaps years, and will save you many times what it cost, besides much trou- ble and anxiety during sickness in the family. These are no | ateut medicines! When any of the Remedies are used up, we will promptly mall a duplicate bottle of the same Remedy on receipt of 25 cents for each bottle. If you value life and health, this Case is worth its weight in gold to any family ! Price, prepaid, $3.00. A Liberal Offer.- We offer the "Home Remedy Case " and the American Bee Jour- nal for one year— both for only $3. GO— making the Bee Journal free. Send postal card for free Circular. Address, a. W. YOEK & CO., 56 5th Ave,, Chicago, III. New Sweet Clover Seed For Sale, 10 pounds $1.00; 100 pounds, $8.00. Ready by Sept. 10. K. IHILLEK, 36A4t COMPTON, LeeCo,, ILL. Qej;)eral Itettps^ Bee-Keeping in Oregon. This is my first year with bees. I started with a few colonies, and I shall endeavor to increase them as much as the future will permit. I have only been stung once this season. I believe I am poison to them, as their sting never swells on me. Years since 1 used to hunt wild bees in the caves in California, principally for the ten dollars a colony 1 got for them, and on the large cave or seam rock near Los Angeles, I've used many pounds of powder, and from it Igot countless pounds of honey, where I had to swing over the cliff by a rope, then let down 100 feet to reach them. I know many would frown to visit some bee-keepers here. Some have as high as 150 colonies, many 20 to 50, and they nearly all use sulphur in the fall, and kill the old colonies to rob them, because they only use a one-chamber hive, with no frames, and many of them put honey, comb and all, in- to a barrel, and chop it up. Imagine the mess! Of course, it is not salable, and what is not consumed by the family, is usually fed to the hogs. They laugh at me when I try to tell them of other ways. Being somewhat isolated, they have to ship by vessels, and that at rare intervals, and the people being poor, 1 suppose has some- thing to do with their ways of ignorance. Probably there are SOO colonies of bees in a range of five by 20 miles, and not a thous- and pounds of honey shipped. From May 1 to the last of September the bees never cease to work, and are supplied with some kind of bloom by nature. There is little honey-dew here, and a failure of crop has not been known. T. E. Russell. Florence, Oreg., July 30. Bee-Keeping in Florida. Florida bee-keepers are " not in it " this year, nor likely to be for several years to come. The freeze last winter annihilated all orange and mangrove blossoms, I do not know of a Florida bee-keeper who is getting much surplus honey. 1 have 80 col- onies, and there was just enough honey in March, April and May to set them to breed- ing and swarming, with but very little to extract. I never before saw so many swarms with so little honey. We have always depended upon keeping down the swarming-fever by extracting, but this year they would swarm long before we thought there was honey enough to extract. I have kept bees IS years, and there were more swarms out this year than all we ever had before in the IS years. After the 60 hives were filled I did not care to increase the number of colonies, so I cut out queen- cells, or made some nuclei for rearing queens so as to get rid of all old queens that were not pure Italians, and built up all the weak colonies. But they constantly built new queen-cells, and made things lively. 1 keep all queens' wings clipped, and only allowed three or four swarms to get away. When they had reared young queens that were overlooked, I remember one day two large swarms came out and 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 593 TOUR BEESWAX ! TTNTIl. FUKTHEK NOTICE, we will '-^ allow 28 cents per pound for Good Tel- low Beeswax, delivered at our office— in ex- cliange for Subscription to the Bee Journal. for Bo'iks. or anything that we offer for sale in the Bee Journal. Always ship the Wax by Express, and pre- pay the charges; also put your name and address on the paclsage to avoid mistalies. GEOKGE W. ■^ORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. THROAT ifevitton ft AND LUNQ DISEASES, DR. PEIRO, Specialist Offices: 1019, loo State St., ChlCAGO. Hours 9 to 4. d'rtierican Bee Jwin^/ii TAKE NOTICE! BEFORE placing your orders for SUP- PLIES, write for prices on 1-Pieee Bass- wood Sections, Bee-Hives, Shipping - Cratep, Frames, Foundation, Smokers, etc. PACE & LYON MFG. CO. NEW LONDON. WIS. •Mentio'rt the Ainencan BeeJmirtiai (Jueeiis 3 or 5 Banded— Untest'd 60 cts. ; 6 for $.'i.25. Tested, 75c.; 6 tor $4.35. CHAS. H. THIES, Steeleville, III. Mention the American Bee Journal. 34Atf Proiuptiiess Is What Counts ! Honey-Jars. Shipping-Cases, and every- I thing that bee-keepers use. Root's I <*ood« at Root's Prices, and the ] best shippinjr point in the country. Dealer in Honey and Beeswax. Cata- W^7^71x... Walter S. Pouder INDIANAPOLIS. IND. Mention the American liee Joiimal, LAST GALL ! Ciolden Ilaliaii Queens. August and September. 60 cts.; Oct., 7oc. J. F. miOHAEI,, Greeuville, Ohio. 34 A 4 1 Mention the American Bee Journal. Comb Honey, Extracted Honey, and BEESWAX. Spot Cash paid for Goods at Market Prices. Francis H. leggett & Co., IVew York. 35A12 Mention the American Bee Jo"maL WANTED. 10,000 punuds of BEESWAX, for Cash. Address, I4EAHV MFG. CO., Hlgelnsville, Mo. Mention the American beejouma^. SAVE MONEY '^l^^l^Ts'^^ji'i^] ITALIAN QUEENS Foundation at Wholesale Prioesr Hives, suited for the South, or SUPPLIES, send for Price-List — to J. P. H. Umi ^HSgifTA, Mention the American Bee Journal, settled together, making nearly a bushel of bees. Before I could take care of them, a strong nucleus came out. and I knew if they got together I would have hard work to find the young queens, so I threw a can- vas over 'the two swarms just before the the nucleus settled, and easily found the queen on the top of the canvas. We extracted only 10 pounds per colony. In our section we dare not extract any after the forepart of June. Last year was the great honey year of Florida. We took over 30 barrels of honey. We use a one-story hive, two feet long, and holding 15 frames about 10xl2U inches, in- side. We use them only for extracting, and do not care to exchange them for any other. I think bees will increase faster in a hive deeper than the Langstrotb. We generally extract first one end. and then in a few days the other, so that half of the hive will always have honey. We had two or three cases of what we called "bee-paralysis," but it all disap- appeared of itself, and I have seen no signs of any this year. There were several cases of what I feared might be foul brood several years ago in our Iowa apiary. There would be a good deal of dead brood in the cells. I noticed that it was confined to colonies of very dark hybrids, and on introducing young Italian queens it all disappeared. An ac- count of it was published in the American Bee Journal 10 or 12 years ago. I saw in the Bee Journal an account of the similar case a few weeks ago. It will probably be several years before Florida will have much surplus honey to put on the market. Geo. W. Webster. Lake Helen, Fla.. Aug. 19. swarmed, and the old colony has already stored 48 pounds of surplus— not so bad, after all. F. M. Little. Junction City. Wash., Aug. 15. Bee-Keeping in Washington. Perhaps some of the bee-keepers would like to hear from this section of the coun- try. I have been keeping bees now for five years, but this is the first year of practical work. I have been keeping my bees at Port Townsend, which is on a peninsula, but the pasturage was too limited, and we had many windy days, so I moved my api- ary, consisting of SO colonies, to my present location. In the spring, during the latter part of April, and through May. bee-forage consists principally of willow, maple, fruit- bloom, and the various wild vines and bushes, some of which are the salmon berry, wild raspberry, wild huckleberry (which is red here), blackerries, and the Oregon grape, which is a little bushy plant growing about six to eight inches high, and has needle-pointed leaves. Our main crop of honey is obtained from the white clover, with which every road- side and pasture and orchard is covered, and which grows everywhere where it can get a hold; in fact, this whole country seems to be especially adapted to its vig- orous growth. The clover begins to yield from about July 1. and until about the middle of September, although this year it did not yield quite as well as usual, as the season has been very dry ; and since Aug. 1 the forest fires have been raging so that some days the bees could not work very well; still I have some colonies that have itiieens and Queen-Rearing. — If you want to know how to have queens fertilized in upper stories while the old queen is still laying below; how you may saftly ititroilace any queen, at any time of the year when bees can fly ; all about the different races of bees ; all about shipping queens, queen-cages, candy for queen- cages, etc. ; all about forming nuclei, mul- tiplying or uniting bees, or weak colonies, etc. ; or. in fact, everything about the queen-business which you may want to know — send for Doolittle's " Scientific Queen-Rearning " — a book of over 170 pages, which is as interesting as a story. Here are some good offers of this book: Bound in cloth, postpaid, $1.00 ; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year — both for only $1.75 ; or given free as a premium for sending us three new subscribers to the Bee Journal tor a year at $1.00 each. Itinders tor this size of the American Bee Journal we can furnish tor 75 cents each, postpaid: or we will club it with the Bee Journal tor a year — both for $1.60. We have a few of the old size (6x9) Binders left, that we will mail for only 40 cents each, to close them out. Please Send TJs the Names of your neighbors who keep bees, and we will send them sample copies of the Bee JouBNAL. Then please call upon them and get them to subscribe with you, and secure some of the premiums we offer. LangstrotlUEHoiiey-Bee -REVISED BY THE DADANTS- This m igniflcent classic in bee-literature has been entirely re-written, and is fully illustra- ted. It treats of everything relating to bees and bee-keej>ing. No apiarian library is com- plete without this standard work by Rev. L. L. Langstroth— the Father of American Bee- Culture. It has 520 pages, and is substan- tially bound in cloth. Price, postpaid. $1.40; or clnbbed with the Bee Journal for one year — both for $2.15; or the book free as a premium for sending us 4 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at $1 each G. W. YORK & CO., 56 5th Ave., Chicago, 111. CALIFORNIA EXCURSIONS. PERSONALLY CONDUCTED. Leave Chicago vi% tlie Burlington Route (C. B. & Q. R. R.) every Wednesday at 6.35 p. m. Route via Denver, Denver & Rio Grande Ry. (the scenic line) and Salt Lake City. These ex- ciu'sions are accompanied by an experienced agent of tlie Burlington Route, thorouglily famil- iar with California. The latest model of Pullman tourist sleeping cars are used. They are fitted with every comfort; carpets, upholstered seats, mattresses, pillows, bed linen, toilet rooms, etc. They lack only some of the expensive finish of the Pulliniurs run on the limited express trains, while the cost per berth Is only about one-third. Ask your nearest ticket agent for particulars and descriptive folders, or write to T. A. Grady, Manager Burlington Route Excursion Bureau, 211 Clark Street, Chicago, 111. Mention the American Bee Jowmal. 594 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Sept. 12, Bigarest Premium We Ever Offered ! THE BEE-KEEPER'S GUIDE: O'R MANUAL OF THE APIARY. 7iV PROF. A. J. COOK. This 15th and latest edition of Prof. Cook's magnificent book of 460 pages, in neat and substantial cloth binding, we propose to give away to our present sub- scribers, for the work of getting new subscribers for the American Bee Journal. A description of the book here is quite unnecessary — it is simply the most com- complete scientific and practical bee-book published to-day. Fully illustrated, and all written in the most fascinating style. The author is also too well-known to the whole bee-world to require any introduction. No bee-keeper is fully equipped, or his librarycoraplete, without "The Bee-Keeper's Guide." HERE IS OUR GRAND OFFER: Send us Two New Subscribers to the Bee Journal (with $2.00), and we will mail Tou a copy of Prof. Cook's book free as a premium. No premium is also giv- en to the new subscribers, under this offer. The postpaid price of the book alone is $1.25, or we club it with the Bee Journal for a year— both together for $1.75. But surely anybody can get only two new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year, and thus get the book as a premium. Let everybody try for it. We want to give away 1000 copies of this book by Oct. 1. Will you have one ? GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 56 Fifth Ave., CHICAGO, ILLS. % w^ California If you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Paclflc Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated, $3.40 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL, PRESS, 220 Market St.. - SAN FRANCISCO. CAL^ GOLDEN QUEENS From a $.50.00 Breeder obtained of Doolittle. Also Leather Colored Ro°o"'sTry°beBf imi ported Queens. Price— 1 Queen. 50c.; 6 for $2.75; $5.00 per dozen. Will warrant 95% of Queens purely mated; Bees to be g-entle and excellent honey-gatherers. H. G. QUIRIN, 34Atf BELLEVDE, Huron Co., OHIO. .1fe7itJo7i. iixe American Bee Journal. APIARIAN SUPPLIES VERY CHEAP 'Amateur Bee- Keeper "— bow to manage bees, etc. — 25 cts. The -'Model Coop." for hen and her brood. Wyandotte, Langshau and Leghorn Bggs foi hatching. Cat. free, but state what you wanl. J. W. BOUSE & CO., Mexico, Uo. WANTED ! 10,000 pounds of BEESliVAX, lor Caoli. Address, IiEAHV niFCi. CO., HiggliisvlIIe, Mo. Mention tlic American Dee Journal. A GIVEN PRESS. This celebrated Press for making Comb Foun- dation is acknowledged to make it most ac- ceptable to the bees. I have one which has been used, but Is in perfect order. The outfit consists of— 1 Given Press with Lever, 11x16^ Inches. 4 Dipping-Boards, 10x1654. 4 Dipping- Boards, 10x12. 2 Dipping-Boards. 0x16!^. 2 Double Boilers for Wax. 1 Book of Dies, 9xl6!4, 1 Book of Dies, 9x12. The outfit cost over $100, and Is a great bar- gain for any one desiring to make Foundation for personal use, 1 offer it for $50.00, free on board cars here. Thos. G. Newman, '*I,i,7cAGofiLi-r" mm^, mm-m\m, mmnmmm We make a Specialty of these Goods, and defy Competition In QXJA.IjIT"2", •WOK.IClvffA.lTStllF' and FK^ICES. '' Write for Free Illustrated Catalogue and Price-List. G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis. ^r- Be sure to mention the American Bee Journal when you write. _j^ Honey & Beeswax Market Quotations. CHICAGO. III.. Aug. 25.— We are having considerable inquiry for comb honey. We have as yet received but a few small consign- ments. Wequote: Fancy white, loc; No. 1 white. 14c. Extracted, 5@7c. Beeswax, 25@27c. J. A. L. KANSAS ClTr, Mo., Aug. 20.— The receipts of new comb and extracted honey is fair, the demand not lai'ge, but will increase with cooler weather. Wequote: No. 1 white comb. 1-lbs., 14@15c.; No. 2. 12(ai.3c.: No. 1 amber, ll(ai2c.: No. 2, lOOllc. Extracted, white, 6@6'/iC.; amber, 5i4@6c.; Southern, 4V4@5c. Beeswax, 22@25c. C. C. C. & Co. PHILADELPHIA, PA., Aug. 19.— New crop of comb honey is coming in more freely and generally in good condition. Demand Is now beginning to spring up. New extracted is arriving in a small way, Wequote; Fancy comb, 14(ai5c.; good, 13c.; fair, OOllc. Ex- tracted, 4 '/sQj'/jC. It is hard to get our mar- ket to rally after the blow it received in the spring on discovering such a large amount of beeswax adulterated. We quote pure wax, 22@25c. W. A. S. ALBANY, N. T., Sept. 6.— Honey market opening with good demand. Receipts lighter so far this year than last, but do not look for higher prices. Wequote: White comb, 14® 15c.; mixed, 13@14c.; dark. Il(ai2c. Ex- tracted, white, 6Vj@7!4c.; mixed, 6@6!4c,; dark, 5H(a6e. Beeswax, 28@29c, H. R. W. CHICAGO. III., Sep. 4.— The new crop is coming forward and sells at 15@16c. for best lots; dark grades, 9@12c. Extracted ranges from 6@7c. for white, and 5®5ijC. for colored, flavor and package making difference in price. Beeswax, 27@28c, R. A. B. Ac Co. BUFFALO. N. Y.. Aug. 23. — Receipts of honey are light as vet. Comb and fancy stock would sell at 14@15c. ; choice, 12@13c. ; buck- wheat is moving exceedingly slow and Is hard to place. The indications are that early ship- ments will realize the best results. Beeswax, 25@30c. B. & Co. CINCINNATL O., Aug. 7.— Demand is live- ly for new extracted and comb honey, all old honev being closed out. Arrivals are fair but Insufficient for the demand. Comb honey brings 14@15c. for choice white. Extracted, Beeswax is in good demand at 20@25e. for good to choice yellow. C. F. M. & S. CHICAGO, III., Aug. 23. — Fancy white comb honey (1-lbs.) in nice, clean packages sells at 16c.; other grades of white honey, 14 @15c.: amber, 13@14c. We are having a good trade in extracted honey, selling light amber and white at 6@7c.; dark, 5@5^4c. de- pending on quality and style of package. Early shipments to market advised so as to permit of sale before cold weather sets in. Beeswax, 28c. S. T. F. & Co. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers, Most of whom Quote in this Journal. Chicago, 111R> J A, LamON, 43 South Water St, siT. Fish & Co., 189 S, Water St, K. A. BOBNETT & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. Y. F I. Sage & Son, 183 Reade Street. HiLDRETB Bros. & Segelken. 120 & 122 West Broadway. Chas. Israel & Bros.. 486 Canal St. I. J. Stringham, 105ParkPlace. Francis H, Leggett & Co., 128 Franklin St. Kansas City, Mo. C. C. Clemoms & Co., 423 Walnut St. Buffalo, N.Y. BATTERSON & CO., 167 & 169 SCOtt St. Hamilton, Ills* Chab, dadant & Son, Plilladelpbta, Pa. Wm. a. Selser, 10 Vine St, Cincinnati, OIilo. C, F, MUTH & Son, cor. Freeman & Central avs. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 595 QuGstioi;)-Box^ In the multitude of counsellors there is safety. — Prov. 11-14. Houie-]Madc or " Bouglilcn ' Comb Foundalion. Query 987.— 1. Do you buy or make your foundatioD ? 2. About what proportion of our apiarists do you think make their own foundation ?— D. J. M. Hambaugh — 1. Buy. 2. I don't know. Dr. J. P. H. Brown— 1. I make. 2. I can't say. B. Taylor — 1. I make my foundation. 2. I do not know. G. M. Doollttle — 1. Sometimes both. 2. About one-fourth. Eugene Secor — 1. I buy it. 2. Per- haps one in a hundred. R. L. Taylor— 1. I make it. 2. At a rough guess, one in fifty. Mrs. L. Harrison — 1. Buy. 2. Not more than one in twenty. W. G. Larrabee — 1. I make it. 2. I should guess about one-tenth. J. M. Jenkins — 1. I buy. 2. Not more than one in a hundred, perhaps. Prof. A. J. Cook— 1. I buy. 2. I pre- sume very few of the smaller ones. Rev. M. Mahin— 1. I buy it. 2. I do not personally know any that make it. J. E. Pond— 1. I buy it. 2. Possibly one in one hundred, but I don't know. Dr. C. C. Miller— 1. Buy. 2. I don't know, but I think fewer than formerly. W. R. Graham — 1. I make my own, and buy some. 2. About one out of a hundred. E. France — 1. I make it. 2. Founda- tion dealers can make a better guess than I can. Jas. A. Stone — 1. I have bought it so far. 2. I do not know of one in this part of Illinois that makes his own foun- dation. C. H. Dibbern — 1. I have a good foun- tion mill, and formerly made all my own, and some to sell, but I now buy all I use. 2. Very few. P. H. Elwood— 1. I make Given foun- dation for brood-frames, and buy Van Deusen for surplus. 2. I don't know. Probably less than a quarter. G. W. Demaree — 1. I now buy what I use. 2. I do not know — not one in twenty, I guess. When my apiary was larger than it is now, I made my own foundation, but it would not pay me now. J. A. Green — 1. I always used to make it. I buy what I use now, as I do not have time to make it so as to have it fresh, which would be my only object in making it myself. 2. Only a small pro- portion— less than 5 per cent. W. M. Barnum — 1. I have always pre- ferred buying my foundation, as' I con- sider that the cheaper and by far less troublesome way. 2. Only about one per cent, of the apiarists of my personal acquaintance make it themselves, and I doubt if that per cent, lasts long. Rev. E. T. Abbott— 1. I buy it, for the same reasou I buy my flour — because I think a man who devotes his time and energy to manufacturing a thing of this kind, can do a better job than I can. 2. I have no means of knowing. As bee- keepers are supposed to be men of aver- age intelligence, I should say very few make it. H. D. Cutting — 1. I have made and bought large quantities of foundation. 1 prefer to buy the brood, and make the thin. 2. It would be a difficult matter to say. but I think there are not as many making foundation for home use as there were a few years ago. Mrs. J. N. Heater — 1. I buy all my foundation (from whom I think is an honest manufacturer of pure beeswax) both for my own use and for my custo- mers. 2. I think the percentage Is small. I do not know of an apiarist in this State (Nebraska) who makes his own foundation. Allen Pringle — 1. I send the wax to a maker and have it made as ordered. 2. If you mean " our apiarists " every man who keeps bees, I should say about a quarter of one per cent, of them make their own. If you mean simply those who use foundation, I should guess about 5 per cent, of them. Noii-Swarining Bees 1 am rearing Queens Irom a strain of yeliow- banded Bees that liave never been known to cast a swarm ! Can any other bee-keeper make such a claim ? These Queens are a beau- tiful orange-color, very prolific, and produce handsome three-banded workers. The Bees are great honey-gatherers, very gentle, enter the sections readily, cap their honey snow- white, and winter on the summer-stands in perfect condition in any climate; and in most cases can be handled without smoke or pro- tection of any kind. 1 can fill an order by re- turn mail lor 200 Queens. Safe arrival and perfect condition guaranteed : when other- wise, another Queen will be sent by return matl. Prices— One Queen. $1.00 ; three Queens, $2.75; six Queens, $o.50; twelve Queens, $9. All my Queens are mailed In self-introdui-ing cages, and directions for safe introduction with each Queen. Testimonials Just Received. Union. Maine, Aug. 17. 1895. Mb. Alley:— I inclose $1 for a Queen like that one sent In 1894. She was a good one. W. CAHnOLL. Olympia. Wash.. Aug. 16. 1895, Mr. Alley:— The Queen you sent me lait season Is the best one In my apiary. Find SI lor another. H. Galloway. Woodbine, Iowa. Aug.. 1895. Mk. Alley:— I bought a Queen of you last year. The bees are very handsome, good workers, and have shown no signs of swarm- ing. Send me one like her. B. L. Copeland. |^~ Don't fail to order one of these Queens by return mail. You can test them before J uly, 1896. This is the best time In the year to In- troduce Queens. Address, HEKRY ALLEY, 36A WENHAM. Esses Co., MASS, THROAT AND LUNQ DISEASES, DR. PEIRO. Specialist Offices: loip, loo State St., CHICAGO. Hours 9 to 4. Mention the American Bee JoumaL Queens and Iclei ! Untested Italian Queens, by return mall, 75c; Tested. $1.00; Select Tested, $1.50. Nuclei, by express— per Frame. 75c. Address. C. E. IMKAD. 87 Artesian Ave., Station D, Chicaoo. III. MenntUm the Ajnerlcan Bee Jou/mal^ THE OLD RIEUABLE PEERLESS FEED GRINDERS d^"' Grinds more grain to any degree of fineness than any other mill. Grinds ear- corn, oats, etc., fine enough for any purpose. War- ranted not to choke. We warrant the Peerlesi to be THE BEST AND CHEAPEST MILL ON EARTH. ^^ Write us at once for prices and agency. There Is money in this mill. Made only by tho JOLIET STROWBRIDGE CO.,JOLIET,ILL. Jobbers and Manufacturers of Farm Machinery, Carriages, Wagons, Windmills, Bicycles, Hamest, etc. Prices lowest. Quality best. JMcntUin the American ht^ JoumaL :34 A26 MUTH'S HONET EZTSACTOB PERFECTION Cold-Blast Smokers, Square Glaai) Honer Jars, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Bon. Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O Send lOe for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers. |q ■ — 1 P R □ — "^ — ■ P B — ■ T~ — ■ — ' ~- ■ — ' ~^ ~- — ' r r jij 1 "F "■ 1 ■|~ — 1 — — , . — - — . — ^ _ 1- 1 = sH^ 3; m ■s? ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^^ m ^ L PLAYBS^G HOG. Our agents have been accused of gobbling" up the best trade in a very hoggish way. Re- cently thoy imitated the animal .'u a still more realistl<' manner. One 176 lb. agent de- chired he could crawl throui:h any wii-e fence whore stays are not nearer tnan 2 1-2 ft. This st:iteaient published in our monthly paper has sot others going and now bets are made and won by Page mou in all parts of the country, nuicli to the annoyance of owners of wlde-moutliod fences. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich. Mention the American Bee Journal. DomTendoii IVotices. West Virginia. —The Braxton County Bee Keepers* Association will meet at Sutton. W Va., Sept. 21, 1895. Everytjody invited to be present. Jacob Frame, See. Sutton, W. Va. Kansas.— There will be a meeting of the Southeastern Kansas Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion in Foit Scott. Kans.. on Sept. 19, 1895. All are cordially Invited to come and have a good time. There will be a full program. Bronson, Kans. J. C. Balch, Sec. Minnesota. — The next meeting of the Southern Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Association will be held at Winona. Oct. 15 and 16.1895. All members are urgently requested to at- tend. All bee-keepers and others Interested are cordially invited. E. C. Cornwell. Sec. Wlaona, Minn. Nebraska.— The Nebraska State Bee-Keep- ers' Association will be held in the bee and honey hall at the State Fair Grounds in Omaha, each evening of Sept. 17, 18 and 19, 1895. A specially fine program has been pre- pared, and all bee-keepers are urged to be present. L. D. Stilson, Sec. York, Nebr. Wisconsin.— The Southwestern Wisconsin Bee-Keepers' Association will hold its next meeting at Plittevllle, Wis., Oct. 8 and 9, 1895. "Come, every one." Don't get dis- couraged if we haven't got a crop of honey. We will have a good time at Platteville, just the same Bring your wives and daughters with you. Many interesting subjects will be discussed. M. M. KiCE. Sec. Boscobel. Wis. READERS OC tbis Journal wbo nn-lte to any of ooi adTertisers, either In ordering, or asking about tbe Goods offered, will please state tbat tbey saw Mie AdTertisement In tbls paper> 596 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Sept. 12, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! It Is alwiivs economy to buy the best, espe- cially when the best cost no more than somethinfr not half so good. OUR FAL- CON SECTIONS are acknowledged to be superior to any on the market. Tlie same Is also true of our HlVEriaud BEE- KEEPEKS' SUPPLIES, of which we make all modern styles. OUR PRICES will be found as low as those of any of our competitors, and In many cases low- er, and you are always sure of getting flrst-class goods. We also publish THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER, a monthly magazine (Fifth year) at 50c. a year, in- valuable to beginners. Large Illustrated catalogue and price-list free. Address, THE W.T. FALCONER MFG. CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. ^T" W. I»I. Gerrlsli. of East Nottins:- baiu, N. H., Is our Eastern agent. New England customers may save freight by pur- chasing of him. What's the Use of Keeping Bees If you do not sell the honey? That's what we are here for. Get our high prices before sell- "cl R. HOKRIE &. CO., Commission Merchants, 224 South Water St., Cblcago, III. 37A13 Mentvm the American Bee Journal. HONEY QUEENS! Have been carefully bred for producing comb honey for the past 18 years, and by a special method for producing large, long-lived, pro- lific Queens. Can furnish either :> or 5 Band- ed stock, bred in separate yards. 3-Banded bred from my own or Imported Mother. No foul brood or paralysis. Warranted Queens, purely mated, 60 cts. ; Tested, SI. 00 ; Selected Breeders, $-2.50. Discount on quantities. !37Atf J. H. GOOD, Nappanee, Ind. COMB FOUNDATION. AVbolesale and Retail. Quality always the best. Price always lowest. Working Wax Into Foundation by the lb. a Specialty. I can make it an object for you in any quantity, but offer special induce- ments on straight a.5 or 50 lb. lots. Or tor making large lot of Wax into Foundation. I am furnishing large Uealers, and can also please you. Beeswax taken at all times. Write for Samples and Prices, to GUS DITTMER, AUGUSTA, WIS. Reference— Augusta Bank. 16Atf WHEN Answering this Advertisement, mention this journal- Abbott's Space. Free Silver Is a good thing II „ Vaii but here's some-p III I llll thing better ■ "» » "" Until further notice I will furnish COniB FOUNDATION as follows : 10 lbs. Heavy or Medium Brood Fdn.$.'i.50 10 lbs. Lijiht " 3.60 10 lbs. Thin Surplus Foundation. .. 4.00 10 lbs. Extra-Thin Surplus Fdn 4.50 No orders will be accepted at these prices from persoms living east of New York State. For BEESWAX-fair quality, delivered here, '27c. cash; 29c. In trade. W.J. Finch,Jr.,SpriiigHeld, 111 2 8 A 1 3 Mention the American Bee Journal. WoodclifF Queens. I will send a Guaranteed ."i-Banded Yellow Queen, bred from a Breeder selected from 1000 Queens (some producing over 400 lbs. of honey to the colony); or a 3-Banded Italian Leather-Colored Queen direct from a Breeder imported from Italy. Oct. '94— at ?5c., and a special low price for a quantity. My secret is to sell an extra-large amount, which enables me to sell at low prices. Will run this spring 350 Nuclei— have 1 home and 4 out apiaries. No Queens superior to my Strain. tS^ Send for Deacrlptive Catalogue and "Testimonials, to WM. A. Selser. Wvncote, Pa. In response to man}' inqui- ries I will renew my special "" ' otter for a short time only :• — Five " St. Joe" Hives, l^f-Story, cut ready to nail — no sec- tions—for $3. .50 to any one who has never had a crate of these Hives. I sell Dadant's Foundation at their prices ; pay CASH for BEESWAX, and keep a stock of Shipping-Crates and Other Bee-Supplies. SPECIAL PRICES the rest of the season. Write and say what you ivant. EMERSON T. ABBOTT, When Answering this Advertisement. Mention this journxa- ST JOSEPH M O A Thousami Tojs of Rw Hoiy Will be made on the Foundation sold by us this year. That is why ^ ^ WE NEED BEESWAX. Now is the time to order your Foundation for 1896. Although the on both Beeswax and Foundation tor the balance of the season, we want all ^ The Beeswax You Have to Offer. ^&" Send for Catalogue of Bee-Siippllcs, I.aii£8trolh Kevised, etc. CHAS. DADANT & SON, Mention the American Bee Journal. HAMTLTON, Hancock Co. , TLL. QUEENS ! Now ready by return mail, reared in full col- onics from the best honey-gathering strains In America, at the following very low prices: Tested each 81.50 per i4 dozen 8.00 Warranted purely-mated each .75 per '/4 dozen 4.25 ■■ perdozen 8.00 If you want QiieeiiM for business, jret my old reliable strain. 40-p. descriptive Catalog Free. IV. AV. CAHV, Colraiu, lUakS. 27Atf Mention the American Bee Journal. 3-Frame Siieleus and Italian Queen -$2.50.- Untested Queens, 75c.; Six for $3.50. Di»!i('oiiiit on Quantities. FDLL-LINE-OF-SUPPLIES. I. J. STRINOHAIVI, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK, N. T. Mention Vie American Bee Jmimai. PATENT WIRED COMB FODNDATIOS Has No Sag In Brood-Frames Thin Flat-Bottom Foundation Has ^(^ Fishbone in the Sorplos Honey. BelDK tbe cleanest Is nsually worked the quickest of any Foundation made J. VAN DEUSEN &: SONS, Sole ManufacturerB, Sprout Brook Montsromery Co.. N. Y. Mention the A.iner lean lice Jour^ial. Select Tested Italian Gtueens Friends, I -will have 200 Select Tested Queens for sale Sept. 1, at $1.00 each orSlO.OO per dozen. Untested, 50 cents each, or Jo. 00 per dozen. Tested Queens 75 cents each, or fO.OO per dozen, either Golden Italians or Imported stock at same price. Safe arrival and satis- faction guaranteed. Address, F. A. CROWELL,, 31Atf GRANGER, MINN. IT TELLS ITS OWN STORY ! We are receiving hundreds of Testimonials speaking of the Higfb Quality of the goods that are turned out by us ; but we have space for and re- produce on the advertising pages of the various bee-periodicals only a very few. In addition to the one already given recently, here is one that tells its own story : The A. I. Root Co. : — I must compliment you on the degree of perfection to which you have at.talned in the manufacture of bee-supplies. I have been, as you may know, in the bee- business for about 20 years; and during that time I have obtained my supplies from m.any manufacturers, north and south, but have not found any that would compare favorably with the goods made and sold by you. either in quality of material used or in workmanship, so I have settled back permanently on the A. I. Root Co. as my base of supplies. Eddy, N. Mex. J. Singleton. We are making preparations to nearly double our capacity for turning out goods ; and do you wonder at it after reading such letters as the above ? Send to the A. I. Root Co. for large, illustrated catalog. N. B.— SHIPPING PACKAGES for both comb and extracted honey on hand ready for prompt shipment. Mention the American Dee JouniaL The A. I. ROOT CO., Mcdiiia, O. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. 35th Year, CHICAGO, ILL., SEPT. 19, 1895. No. 38. Report of the Proceedings OF THE Twenty-Sixth Annual Convention OF THE North American Bee-Keepers' Association, HELD AT TORONTO, Out., Sept. 4, 5 and 6, 1895. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, SEC. The convention was called to order at 8 p.m., Sept. 4, 1895, with Pres. Holtermann in the chair. The meeting was then opened with prayer by Geo. W. York. The reading of the minutes of the last meeting was called for, but the Secretary explained that it was impossible, as no report of the proceedings had been published. Mr. York — It has not been published because ex-Secretary Benton failed to send in the report. Perhaps it would be well President A. I. Root, Medina, Ohio. to decide now as to what shall be done in the future. So far f,s this year is concerned, I will make a report in pamphlet orm, and give to each member a copy free of charge. If you wish a report of last year's proceedings published with it in the same pamphlet, I will furnish it If I am paid for re-setting that part of the report that has already been printed in the American Bee Journal. Of course, I must also be paid the .$20 that was voted to me last year for printing the report. This is with the understanding, of course, that the balance of the report can be secured from Mr. Benton. The proposition to furnish this year's report free- of charge was accepted, but it was thought best to defer action in regard to last year's report until Mr. Benton had been heard. An Auditing Committee was then appointed by the Presi- Vice-President Wm. McEvoy, Woodbum, Out. dent, consisting of Wm. Couse, of Streetsville, Ont., D. W. Heise, of Bethesda, Ont., and Geo. W. York, of Chicago, 111. Report of tlie Freight Committee. The committee appointed last year at St. Joseph, to see what could be done in securing a better classification of freight rates, reported as follows : Mr. President : — It is perhaps unnecessary that I should make any report for the committee appointed at the St. Joseph meeting, consisting of Messrs. Dadant, Whitcomb and myself, to try to secure more favorable rates on some of the things that the railroads carry for bee-keepers. The result of our efforts has already been given in the bee-journals. But that there may be no semblance of discourtesy to the Associa- tion that appointed us, I herewith present a brief report. A full consultation was very pleasantly conducted through the mail by the members of the committee, and we had no difficulty in agreeing upon the items upon which we desired lower rates from the railroads, and I must here confess that in this regard I was the most ignorant one of the com- mittee, and depended largely on information from the other members, and especially from my friend J. T. Calvert. The Western Classification Committee kindly permitted 598 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Sept. 19, appearance in person at one of their full meetings, and I take pleasure in aclcnowledging the assistance at this meeting, of Mr. H. F. Moore, the attorney of the A. I. Root Co., also of Messrs. Burnett, Newman and York. The railroad men listened patiently to e.xplanations given as to the character of the goods on which reduced rates were desired, and showed in- terest in seeing the goods themselves, for we had present sam- ples of nearly all the articles on which we asked reduction in freight rates. Without going into full details, I may say that a good share of the favors asked in the way of reduction were not Secretary Di-. A. B. Mason, Auburnduk, uhio. granted, but we got enough to be thankful for. Freight on honey-box lumber is reduced to regular lumber rates. Comb honey in glass is now half the former rate, which was double first-class. Extracted honey in barrels, kegs or tin cans, boxed, was formerly 2nd and 3rd class ; it is now reduced to 4th class, the same as syrups. Bee-hives in the flat have been reduced to lumber rates. Hoping that the success of the committee may not have fallen too far below the expectations of the members of the Association, the above report is respectfully submitted. C. C. MiLLEB, Chairman Freight Committee. Upon motion of J. B. Hall, the report was accepted, and the committee given a hearty vote of thanks. Next came an essay by James Heddon, of Dowagiac, Mich., on the Best Size for Brood-Chamber. I think it my duty to avoid reiterating the many wise and otherwise statements of my brother bee-keepers that have ap- peared on this subject in our numerous bee-journals, during the last two years of radical discussion of the question. You all remember the logical arguments and deductions that have been made on both sides. One successful honey-producer would plead for large brood-chambers, and then proved beyond controversy that a large brood-nest was an absolute necessity at a certain time of the year, if the best results were to be at- tained. His argument was never answered, nor never could be, but the attempt was made to controvert his claim that large brood-chambers were best, by showing that at another time of year a small brood-chamber was likewise a necessity to best results. This last proposition was as clearly proved as the first, and I am pleased to enjoy the great pleasure of saying that, in my judgment, both are right, and yet either is wrong when he claims that the other is wholly wrong. Is it not plain to be seen that each one of the contestants Is right in most of his claims, and for that reason the con- troversy seems no nearer to an end than when it began ? I am sure that every thoughtful honey-producer is forced to the conclusion that to attain best results a brood-chamber must be elastic. It must be so constructed that it can be readily and practically made to embrace the radical advantages rightly claimed by both the large and small brood-chamber adherents. It was the dawning of the knowledge of this truth thatcaused Father Langstroth and other early inventors to suggest divis- ion-boards ; and two prominent reasons why these contractors never were universally adopted, was, first, because many bee- keepers are neglectful, and, second, the practical honey-pro- ducers who were not, abhor complication and tedious manip- ulation. Although experience proved that the advantages of changing brood-chamber capacity at various times of year, cost about all it came to, yet the fact that such capacity must be changed, if we are to realize the most from our bees, still remains. I think it would be bordering upon assumption, for me to rehash what has already been so well said upon this subject in our bee-journals during the last two years. I believe that locality, or necessity, makes a difference with regard to the best size for the brood-chamber, upon the same principle that conditions changing with the seasons change their adaptability ; but I do not believe that locality makes as much difference as some have contended, nor as much as a change of seasons, and conditions in the same honey-field. When, with the rest, I thought I must be contented with the use of a brood-chamber, the capacity of which remained the same throughout the year, I settled upon eight Langstroth frames as best, as splitting the difference between being too large at one time, and too small at another. I have never changed that conclusion. I will admit, however, that some other size might average best in other localities. I cannot conceive of any sound argument in opposition to the almost self-evident statements herein made ; nor do I believe there are many, if any, practical honey-producers present who would care to take an opposite position ; but if I am in error in this, I trust that I have said just enough to lead to an in- teresting discussion of the topic, and yet I cannot think what will be said that has not previously been said in our late litera- ture. James Heddon. A short discussion then followed on Mr. Heddon's subject : S. T. Pettit — If I were to adopt the Langstroth frame, I would have neither 8 nor 10 frames, but 9. I think that is just about the right size. J. B. Hall — A small hive may answer for the home apiary, but for the out-apiary a larger hive is needed, if the owner is Treasurer W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich: to be able to get away long to see his girl, or to help his wife take care of the babies, if he has a wife and babies. Wm. McEvoy — I suppose that 2,000 cubic inches is about the right size for a brood-nest. A. E. Iloshal — A hive so large that it will, at the close of a July honey harvest, contain sufiieient stores for winter, is not the right size to get the best results in surplus honey, I feed my bees every fall to get a large brood-nest filled with brood, well and good ; but we don't want it if it is to be filled largely with honey during the honey harvest. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 599 Mr. Hall — I have hived swarms the 13th of June, and taken off 225 pounds of surplus, and yet there would be enough honey in the brood-nest for winter. It isn't the cost ; it isn't the work ; it isn't any of these things that makes ob- jectionable the feeding of sugar for winter stores, but it is the suspicion that attaches to our product if sugar is fed. A. E. Hoshal — I don't try to conceal the fact that I feed sugar for winter stores. I tell everybody ; and Mr. Hall can't come down and sell honey under my nose, unless he sells it cheaper than I do. (Continued on page 613.) Cot;)tributed /Vrticles^ Ou. Zmportant Apiarian Subjects. A House for Fumigating Combs. BY DB. E. GALLUP. I now will endeavor to tell how I would build a fumigat- ing house. Make a light frame of 2x3 scantling for posts, about 6 feet high, and just the right width one way to hold three or four lengths of combs, according to the amount we would be likely to have. Cover the frame with building-paper, so as to have it tight. Perhaps tarred paper would be best, if it would not scent the combs to injure them. Let the paper go over the roof and all. Outside of the paper any kind of boards will answer. Either shingles, shakes, or board will answer for roof. (A Californian will undtrstand what " shakes" are). Four feet and 9 inches will be wide enough inside of the posts, to hold three 18-inch long combs or frames, and strips to hang them on. Then you can make the building 5 feet the other way. Nail one strip at each end, one inch by two, near enough to the top of the building to hang the first tier of combs on. Now you want four strips to go lengthwise of the building. The two outside ones can be nailed to inside of the posts, and the center ones loose, so they can be taken down when not in use. Now you have a place for the first tier of combs. The strips to hang combs on will be strong enough if they are 1 inch by 13^, I think. Hang the next tier just below the first, and so on until you have the house full. You want a narrow door at the end, and low enough to open below the top tier of combs, or you can open it outside. All after the top tier wants to be shorter, so you can have room to stand inside, or you can leave out the center tier of combs, just whichever way suits, or a part of it can be left out. Now you want a short trench extending from the inside of the building out three or four feet, and covered with a strip of sheet-iron, with a trap-door at the outer end of the ditch or trench to put in the burning sulphur. I like the sul- phured rags the best. If you put fire directly under the combs inside the house, you might have the whole cremated before you were aware of it. Now the whole is fixed to suit me, and with a quantity of rags always on hand saturated with melted sulphur and kept perfectly dry, one can light some of the rags with a match at any time, and fumigate the combs as often as required, by placing the lighted rags in the trench and closing the trap- door. You now understand the theory, and one can even fumigate a few combs in an old dry-goods box, or a cloth tent. It may be interesting to know that we fumigate large orange trees, 20 feet high, under a cloth tent. The cloth is painted black, and they fumigate at night to kill the different kinds of scale that infest the trees. They use such strong in- gredients that it kills all the young and tender growth of the trees if they fumigate in the daytime, and allow the hot sun to shine on the trees at once. Two men manage several tents at once, by having them properly arranged with light poles, ropes, pulleys, etc. Before they discovered this method of killing the scale, whole orange and lemon orchards were en- tirely destroyed, and others badly injured. Now if any one has a better method than the above to preserve combs from the moth, trot it out. In hanging up the combs they must not be hung so close together as to touch each other. Fumigating will not destroy the miller's eggs, so if there should be eggs at the time of fumigating, it would be well to fumigate the second time in a few days after the first fumigation. don't be too sube. Mr. McEvoy, on page 510, says he would have to travel over a line that no man ever took before. I have never seen a case of foul brood ; I took the trouble years ago to go 30 miles on purpose to see a reported case of foul brood, but found the case starvation. About that time I was asked for my opinion of foul brood, in the old American Bee .Tournal ; Mr. Wagner was then editor, and I went over the same line as Mr. McEvoy described, and it was published by Mr. Wagner, though perhaps not in so minute detail as Mr. McEvoy's. Santa Ana, Calif. What Dr. Miller Thinks. Flagstones for Underground Bee-Cellars. — On page 566, in his excellent article about caves or bee-cellars, Friend Doolittle advises for roofing to be covered with earth, flag- stones in place of wood. I suspect there may be a difference in flagstones, but I think I'd rather use plank than such flag- stones as we have in Marengo. I covered a cistern with flag- stone, and it seemed to become rotten, and flaked off with dampness. Getting Out Wax with Steam. — I have read in Glean- ings about getting wax out of old combs with steam, but it always seemed to me an aggravation to be told of such a thing when we had no apparatus such as they have at Medina. I never thought of such a thing as going to the water-works or other place where steam power was used. John Clark solves the problem nicely on page 568. Thanks, John. Good Advice. — I wish all beginners would heed the ex- cellent advice of Wilder Grahame, on page 568. Get a good bee-book and study it thoroiighly, then what you read in the bee-journals will be worth double as much, and you'll not be groping in the dark. You'll probably have as many questions as ever to ask, but you'll get more good out of the answers. If you can't afford both, stop your subscription to your bee- journal for a year and buy the text-book. Then study it. [See book offers on page 611. — Editor.] Buckwheat Swarms. — Bees do not often swarm after the white honey harvest. Sometimes, however, they do, and I suppose for the. same reasons that they swarm earlier in the season. Such late swarms are usually called "buckwheat swarms," and that's the kind of swarm Geo. McCuUoch had, as mentioned on page 569. Clipping Queens' Wings.— "The point made is that clip- ping deprives queens of the power of flight, and that organs not used are likely to deteriorate." See page 569, first para- graph. I did admit, and do admit, my Canadian friend, the two points you make, but I don't see the close connection be- tween them that you seem to think you see. If it were true that clipping deprives queens of much flight that they would make if undipped, then it might be worth while to talk about deterioration. On page 519, I referred to cases in which the queen never flies after her wedding-flight. Now will you kindly answer this question : If a queen is clipped, and lives two or three years thereafter, is there any more deterioration than if she lived those two or three years with whole wings, and never during that time made the attempt to fly? If you are correct in your views, the matter is a very im- portant one, and it is only fair that it have very serious con- sideration. I think we are agreed that disuse, as a rule, causes deterioration. I doubt whether the rule can be rigidly applied in the case of queens. No matter, admit that it does, and I take the ground that clipping does not cause disuse — at least, that it has very little effect in that direction. With a queen in a colony that never swarms, of course it can have no effect whatever. The Dadants have not more than three to five colonies swarm out of 100. It is probably safe, then, to say that 40 out of every 100 of their queens never fly after the wedding flight. Do you think there is any deterioration with that 40? Or, to put a question more directly to the point, do you think it can make any possible difference with that 40 whether they are clipped or not? But take the case of bees that swarm regularly every year. How much disuse is caused in their case by clipping ? or, in other words, how much flight do they lose by clipping? At the time of fecundation the young queen makes several flights, circles about and marks the location, her flights last- ing perhaps from three to 15 minutes. In all, she probably flies several miles before commencing to lay. Then she is clipped, and loses the flights she would make in swarming the two following years. How much does that amount to? She flies to a point perhaps five rods distant from her hive each 600 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Sept. 19. time. Of course, she flios more than the five rods, for she circles about and hovers in the air, but I suspect it is iual. We are a'basswood country, too. The old tree only blossoms every other year. The weather must be just right then, or it secretes no honey. We are the small-fruit center of Wiscon- sin ; large farms of blackberries, all the raspberry family, gooseberries and straw- berries. We never see any of this fruit- blossom honey in the sections. It helps, for it is all used for brood-rearing in May. Do bees work on strawberries ? Yes, they do; but it is so very little it is no benefit to the bee-keepers. It is hard to tell what the poor little honey-bee is to live on in this country the coming few years. We will feed them as long as there is any sweet left to be had. I came to this country in 1840. The In- dians told us then that only a few years be- fore the first swarms were seen passing over to the west, and then they knew the white man was coming close by. Ripon, Wis., Aug. 2(;. R. Dart. Sweet Clover the Best. Another year has proved to me that melilot or sweet clover is the best honey- plant in existence. There was not one pound of white clover honey in Lee county; basswood yielded very little honey, and catnip is good, but there is little of it, I have plenty of colonies that gave me 60 pounds of sweet clover honey this season, although we have had a severe drouth here. I will get over 3,300 one-pound sections of honey this season from sweet clover. Compton, 111., Aug. '11 . R. Miller. Another Season of Failure. This is another season of failure for the bee-keeper here. So far not any honey has been secured, and the prospect for a fall crop is poor. All vegetation is dried up, and unless we have a good rain soon, and frosts stay off until late, we will have to feed for wintering. I believe, as a general thing, bee-keepers have a good deal of grit, but it is trying one's patience to have fail- ures three years in succession. No swarm- ing at all this season. Thos. O. Hines. Anamosa, Iowa, Aug, 24. ConventiOD I^otices. West Virginia.— The Braxton County Bee Keepers' Association will meet at Sutton. W Va., Sept. 21. 1895. Everybody invited to be present. Jacob Frame. See. Sutton, W. Va. Minnesota. —The next meeting of the Southern Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Association will be held at Winona. Oct. 15 and 10,189.3. All members are urgentlj* requested to at- tend. All bee-keepers and others interested are cordially invited. E. C. CoiiNWEijii. Sec. Winona, Minn. Wisconsin.— The Southwestern Wisconsin Bee-Keepers' Association will hold its uext meetintr at PUtteville, Wis., Oct, S and 9, 1895. "Come, every one." Don't get dis- couraged if we haven't got a crop of honey. We will have a good time at Platteville, just the same Bring your wives and daughters with you. Many interesting subjects will be discussed. M. M. KiCE. Sec. Boacobel, Wis, Utah.- The Utah Bee-Keepers' Association will hold their semi-annual meeting in Uoom 34. City and County Building, Salt Lake City, Oct. 5, 1895. at 10 a.m. Ail are invited. Come aud have a good time. Many interesting sub- jects will be discussed. Among other ques- tions to be considered will be Markets and Transportation. A union of interest in the industry is mut-h desired. Provo, Utah. Geo. E. Dudley, Sec. Lumber and Iiog-Book. — Gives meas- uretnents of lumber, logs, planl»; wages, etc. 25o. loii-Swarmiiig Bees 1 am rearing Queens from a strain of yellow- banded Bees that have never been known to cast a swarm ! Can any other bee-keeper make such a claim ? These Queens are a beau- tiful orange-color, very prolific, and produce handsome thrre-baiided workers. The Bees are great honey-gatherers, very gentle, enter the sections readily, cap their honey snow- white, and winter on the summer-stands in perfect condition in any climate; and In most cases can be handled without smoke or pro- lection of any kind. 1 can till an order by re- turn mall Jor 200 Queens. Safe arrival and perfect condition guaranteed ; when other- wise, another Queen will be sent by return mal. One Tested Queen, $1,00; three Queens, $2.75: six Queens, $5.50; twelve Queens, $9. All my (Queens are mailed in self-iutrodU'-ing cages, aud directions for safe introduction with each Queen. HENRY AI.LEY, 36A WENHAM, Essex Co., MASS. Queens an«1 ttueen-Rearins-. — If you want to know how to have queens fertilized in upper stories while the old queen is still laying below ; how you may saffly bdroduct' any queen, at any time of the year when bees can fly ; all about the different races of bees ; all about shipping queens, queen-cages, candy for queen- cages, etc. ; all about forming nuclei, mul- tiplying or uniting bees, or weak colonies, etc. ; or. in fact, everything about the queen-business which you may want to know — send for Doolittle's " Scientific Queen-Reaming" — a book of over 170 pages, which is as interesting as a story. Here are some good offers of this book; Bound in cloth, postpaid, $1.00 ; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year — both for only .?1.T.t ; or given free as a premium for sending us three new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year at $1.00 each. List of Honey and Bcei^wax Dealers, Most of whom Quote In this Journal. Honey St Beeswax Market ^notations. Vblca;io, Ills. J, A. LamON, 43 South Water St, S, T. Fish & Co.. 1 89 S. Water St. K. A. Bornett li Co.. 163 South Water Street. New Vork, N. Y. F. I. Sage & Son. 183 Reade Street. Hildreth Bros. & segelken, 120 & 122 West Broadway, Chab. Israel & Bros.. 486 Canal St. I. J. Stringham, 10.) Park Pla.oe. Francis H. Legoett & Co., 128 Franklin St. Kansas City, ITIo. C. C. CLEMOias & Co., 423 Walnut St. BllSalo, N. \. Batterson & Co., 167 & 169 Scott St. Haiuilton, Ills. CBA8. Dadant & Son. Pblladelplila, Pa. Wm. a. Selser, 10 Vine St. CinciunaU, Oblo. C. F. MnTH & Son. cor. Freeman & Central av8. Uindei's for this size of the American Bee Journal we can furnish for 75 cents each, postpaid; or we will club it with the Bee Journal for a year — both for $1.60. We have a few of the old size (6x9) Binders left, that we will mail for only 40 cents each, to close them out. Please Send Us the Names of your neighbors who keep bees, and we will send them sample copies of the Bkk JouRNAl,. Then please call upon them and get them to subscribe with you, and secure some of the premiums we offer. CHICAGO. III.. Aug. 25.— We are having considerable inquir.v for comb honey. We have as yet received but a few small consign- ments. Weq'uote: Fancy white, 15c.; No. 1 white, 14c, Extracted, 5@7c. Beeswax, 25@27c. J. A, L, KANSAS CITY, Mo., Aug. 20. -The receipts of new comb and extracted honey is fair, the demand not large, but will increase with cooler weather. We quote: No. 1 white comb, l-lbs., 14@15c.; No. 2. 12@13c.; No. 1 amber, ll@12c.; No. 2, lOiailc. Extracted, white, 6@6!.4c.; amber. 5',5@6c.; Southern. 4^@5c. Beeswax, 22@25c, C. C. C. & Co. PHILADELPHIA, Pa., Aug. 19— New crop of comb honey is coming in more freely and generally in good condition. Demand is now beginning to spring up. New extracted is arriving in a small wa.v. We quote: Fancy comb, 14@15c.; good, 13c.: fair. 9@llc. Ex- tracted, 4 ',4@5 '/4c. It is hard to get our mar- ket to rally after the blow it received in the spring on discovering such a large amount of beeswax adulterated. We quote pure wax, 320250. W. A. S. ALBANY. N. T., Sept. 6.— Honey market opening with good demand. Receipts lighter so far this year than last, but do not look for higher prices. We quote: White comb. 14@ 15c.; mixed, 13®14c.; dark, ll@12c. Ex- tracted, white. 6 H® 7 14c.; mixed. 6a6!4c.; dark, 5»4@6c. Beeswax. 28@29c. H. R. W. CHICAGO. III.. Sep. 4.— The new crop is coming forward and sells at 15@16c. for best lots; dark grades, 9®12c. Extracted ranges from 6@7c. for white, and 5®5(4c. for colored, flavor and package making difference in price. Beeswax. 27@28c. K. A. B. & Co. BUFFALO. N. T.. Aug. 23.— Receipts of honey are light as yet. Comb and fancy stock would sell at 14@15e.; choice, 12@13c, ; buck- wheat is moving exceedingly slow and is hard to place. The indications are that early ship- ments will realize the best results. Beeswax, 25@30c. B. & Co. CINCINNATI. O.. Aug. 7.— Demand is live- ly for new extracted and comb honey, all old honev being closed out. Arrivals are fair but insuliicient for the demand. Comb honey brings 14@loc. for choice white. Extracted, 4@7c. Beeswax is in good demand at 20@25c. for good to choice yellow. C. F. M. & S. CHICAGO, III., Aug. 23. — Fancy white comb honey (l-lbs.) in nice, clean packages sells at 16c.; other grades of white honey, 14 @15c.; amber. 13@14c. We are having a good trade in extracted honey, selling light amber and while at 6@7c.; dark, 5@5!>4c. de- pending on quality and style of package. Early shipments to market advised so as to permit of sale before cold weather sets in. Beeswax. 28o. S. T. F, &Co. NEW FORK. N. Y .. Sent. 11.— New crop of comb honey is arriving and while the receipts from N. Y. State are light, we are receiving large quantities from California. Had two cars of choice comb aud have se%'eral more to follow. On accountof warm weather the de- mand Is rather light as yet. We quote: Fancy white, libs., lo@16c.; fair white. 12@13e. No demand as yet for buckwheat and dark honej'. Kxtracted is plentiful, especially Cal- ifornia and Southern. We quote: California. 5@5?ic.; white clover and basswood, 6@6!4C.; Southern. 45@5.tc. a gallon. Beeswax in fair demand and Arm at 28@29o. H. B. &S. Wants or Excfianges. This department is only for your " Wants" or bona-flde " E-xchanges," and such will be Inserted here at 10 cents a Hue for each time, when specially ordered into this depart- ment. Exchanges for cash or for price-lists, or notices offering articles for sale, will not be inserted here— such belong In the regular advertising columns, at regular rates. TY\0 EXCHANGE.— Ash, Box-Elder, or Bass- -L wood Seeds: Blackcurrant or Juneberry Bushes— for Apiarian Supplies. P. H. EMERY, Summit, So. Dak. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 609 pounds, and only had 36 colonies in the spring to begin witl]. The way I sell my honey is this: I hitc-h the team to a spring wagon, load in the honey, and drive to dif- ferent towns and supply the groceries. I have no trouble to sell after I get it intro- duced. I will have to start another apiary in order to supply my demand. I generally have honey three weeks before other bee- keepers around me have any. I am not a hybrid-bee nor a black-bee apiarist; I do not believe in them. I have queens from the best breeders in the United States. I rear queens from those which make my best honey-gatherers. I use my inferior stock for extracting; from those I draw brood-combs if others are short of stores. W. A. Shafnit. Brighton, Iowa, Aug. 19. Bees Did Well. I find the American Bee Journal a true bee-keepers' guide, and would not be with- out it any more. Last fall I put into the cellar 15 colonies, and last spring I had 9 left; now I have 23 in all. My bees are doing splendidly. I have sold extracted and comb honey up to this date, 320 pounds at 15 cents. Soon I will have buckwheat honey ready for mar- ket. Henbt F. Imholt. Stillwater, Minn., Aug. 23. Lots of Bee-Trees. In this Ozark Mountain region there have been 53 bee-trees found and cut by six of us mountain climbers, myself included, that averaged 46 pounds of honey to the tree, besides from one to five pounds of wax to the tree, in a space of 3x8 miles. Bees are doing better now, as the moun- tains are covered with wild flowers. I send a flower that I have never seen anything like before, that the bees just swarm on. It grows in a marsh at the foot of one of the mountains. I think it is valuable for honey, as the bees leave it heavy loaded. I will save some of the seeds when it gets ripe, and if any of the Bee Journal readers would like to try the value of it as a honey- plant, I will send a few of vhe seeds. J. R. Gibson. Bedford, Mo., Aug. 33. Very Dry— Poor Crops. We have 11 colonies of bees, and will have 200 or 300 pounds of surplus honey, and 4 swarms. Last year there was not a swurm, and but 60 pounds of honey. It is very dry now — no heavy rain since June 10. Crops are poor here, but the north end of this county (Dickinson) has immense corn. A. E. Simmers. Abilene, Kans., Sept. 7. Kesults of the Season. A synopsis of my business this year: 94 colonies, spring count, after a serious chill about May 13, in which there were 60 colo- nies barely left alive. Present count, 135, and 7,000 pounds of surplus honey. They will go into a shed-cellar with from 40 to 75 pounds for winter and spring consumption. W. S. Mitchell. Flora Vista, New Mex., Aug. 4. An Unfavorable Wisconsin Report. I hope every bee-keeper taking the old American Bee Journal will send in his or her report for the season's work for 1895. My bees wintered fairly well. My loss of swarms in May and June were one-half ; all left plenty of honey, and bright and clean combs. From strong colonies they ran down to a handful and their queen. Feed- ing of those left, through the whole sum- mer, to prevent starving has been regular business. These losses in the months of May and June I cannot account for. I never had them before, and I am 50 years a bee-keeper right here in Wisconsin, and never before had to feed my bees to keep THE "NOVELTY" POCKET-KNIFE! ?-ailiii?f'!'''l i GEO. W. YORK, CHICAGO, ILLS. Yonr Name on the Knife.— When ordering, be sure to say just what Name and Address you wish put oq the Knife. The Novelty Knife la inMead a novelty. The novelty lies in the handle. It ip made beautifully of indestru 'tible celluloid, which Is as transparent as glass. Underneath the celluloid, on one side ol the handle is placed an American Bee Journal, reminder, and on the other sirti, aime and residence of the Subscriber. The material entering into this celebrated knife Is of the very best quality: the blades ate handl'orged out of the very finest English razor-steel, and we warrant every blade. The holsters ar« made of German silver, and will never rust or corrode. The rivets are hardened German silver wire: the linings are plate briss; the back springs of Sheffield spring steel, and the finish of handle as described above. It will last a lifetime, with proper usage. Wliy purchase the Novelty Knifel In case a i?ood knife is lost, the chances are, the owner will never recover it; but if the Novelty is lost, having name and address of owner, the flniler will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and address, would destroy the knile. If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so fortunate as to have one of the Noveltii's, your pocket knife will serve as as an Identifier; and In case of death, your relatives will at onoe be apprised of the accident. How appropriate this knife is for a Christmas. New Year or birthday present 1 What more lasting memento could a mother give to a son. a wife to a husband, a sister to a brother, a lady to a gentleman, or vice versa, a son to a mother, a husband to a wife, a brother to a sister ^r a gentleman to a lady — the knife having the name of the recipient on one side ? The iiccompanying cut gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representa- tion of this beautiful knife, as the " Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated. Honr to Get this Valuable Knife— We send itpostpaij, forSl., , or give it as a Premium to the one sending us three new Subscriber* to the Bee JdtmNAL (with 13.00), and we will also send to each new name a copy of the Premium Edition of the book '■ Bees and Hone- " We club the Novelty Knife with the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90. Iny Mame and Address Put on the Knife. GEORGE W. YOBK & CO., CHICAGO, ILL& Allo'tv about t^wo ^veefes for your order to be filled. Why pay 60 to BOc. a rod for fence whenyou can make the I BEST WOVEN WIRE FENCE ON EARTH FOR 13 TO 20 CENTS A ROD? • Horsehigh, bull strong. Pig 358835**^ and chicken tight. A man -^ and boy can make from 40to eorodsaday. OverSO styles. Illustrated Catalogue Free. KITSELMAN BROTHERS Ridgeville, ; Indiana 36Etf Jtfention t/ie Aintrifian Bee JourtiaL " THE KEYSTONE DEHORNER ' Cuts clean on all sides-doeB not cmah. The ) most humane, rapid and durable knife (^ made, fully warranted. Highest World's (5) Fair Award Descriptive Circulars Free. ^A.C.BROSIUS, Cochranville, Pa. ITALIAN QUEENS Untested, July to Oct., 75c. eacli— 3 for $3.00. Tested QueenN, $1.00 each. By return mail. Satisfaction Guaranteed Send for Free Illustrated Circular to THEODORE BENDER, 38Etf 18 Fulton St., CANTON, OHIO. Mention the American Bee Journal. PTH'S HOHET EXTRACTOR PERFECTION Cold-Blast Smoker*. Sqnare Glass Honey Jars, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. MniH & Son. Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.. Cincinnati, O Send lOo for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers. THROm AND LUNQ DISEASES, DR. PEIPO, Specialist Offices: 1019, 100 State St., CHICAQO. Hours 9 to 4. uit. Anieruuin licc Jt'UTiuu. • ••■^•••-^••••••^■-•••-^-•« IT'S RELIABLE The Best and Cheapest Mill on Earth. Fully warranted. Will not choke. Write i. once for prices and Agency '' Prices lowest. It grinds more grain to any degree of fineness than any other mil). Oorn, earorshelled, Oats, Wheat. Ac, fine enougfi for any purpose. Made only by JOUETSTROWBRIDGECO. JOLIET, ILL., Jobbers and Manufactur. ers of Farm Machinery. Carriages Wagons.Wind- mills.Bicycles.Harness.ic ••-^•••"^••r Mention the American Bee Journal' .34 A26 Laiigstrotlir«Joney-Bee -REVISED BY THE DADANTS- This m igniflcent classic in bee-literature has been entirely re-written, and is fully illustra- ted. It treats of everything relating to bees and bee-keeping. No apiarian library is com- Elete without this standard work by Rev. L. , Langstroth— the Father of American Bee- Culture. It has 520 pages, and is substan- tially bound in cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.40; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year— both for $2.15; or the book free as a premium for sending us 4 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at $1 each 0. W. YOEK & CO., 66 5th Ave., Chicago, III 610 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Sept. 19, YOUR BEESWAX! UNTIIi FUKTHEU NOTICE, we will allow 28 centa per pound for Good Yel- low Beeswax, delivered at our olBce— in ex- change tor Subscription to the Bee Journal. tor Bonks, or anything that we offer for sale In the Bee Jodrnal. Always ship the Wax by Express, and pre- pay the charges; also put your name and address on the package to avoid mistakes. GEORGE W. "iORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. AND LUNQ DISEASES, DR. PEIRO. Specialist Offices: 1019, lOO State St., CHICAGO. Hours 9 to 4. MentUm. tt>^ American Bee Jourti/U TAKE NOTICE! BEFORE placing your orders for SUP- PLIES, write for prices on 1-Piooe Bass- wood Sections, Bee-Hives, Shipping -Crates, Frames, Foundation, Smokers, etc. PAGE & LYON MFG. CO. NEW LONDON, WIS. MeniUyx. the Ainerican Bee Journal, READERS OC tills Joamal nrbo write to any of oni advertisers, either Id ordering, or asking about the Good» offered, will please state that they sam the Advertiaement In this paper. Promptness Is What Counts ! Honey-Jars. Shipping-Cases, and every- I thing- that bee-keepers use. Root's I (ioodH at Root's Prices, and the best shipping point in the country. Dealer in Honey and Beeswax. Cata- nail iTrJa"! Ave. Walter S. Pouder INDIANAPOLIS. IND. Mention theAviiericun liee Jo^umal- QueenH and Iclei ! Untested Italian Queens, by return mall, 75c; Tested. Jl .00 ; Select Tested, $1.50. Nuclei, by express— per Frame. 73c. Address. C. E. IflEAD, 87 Artesian Ave.. Station D, Chicago. III. Comb Honey, Extracted Honey, and BEESWAX. Spot Cash paid for Goods at Market Prices. Francis H. Leggett & Co., IVew York. S-jAIS Mention the AniKrican Bee J'mal WANTED. 10,000 pounds of BEESWAX, for Cash. Address, 1.EAHY MFG. CO., Hlgginsville, Mo. Mention the American Bceuouriwl. SAVE MONEY ^^^l^i^'^^^l^^ ITALIAN QUEENS Foundation at Wholfsali- I'rli-fB. Hives, suited for the South, or SIIPP1.IES, send for Questiorj'Box* lu the multitude of counsellors there is safety. — Prov. 11-14. Wliy Buy Comb Foiiiidalion in Preference to Making It i Prlce-List— to J. P. H. BROW.\, A-XJOXJSTA., OA. Query 988.— Why do those who buy foun- dation prefer doing so to making it them- selves ?— Africa. B. Taylor — Because it Is more econom- ical. W. R. Graham — Because it is cheaper to do so. Rev. E. T. Abbott — Because they can get better foundation. W. G. Larrabee — Because it is less worlir, and very few know how. J. M. Hambaugh — Experts can do bet- ter work than the inexperienced, every time. H. D. Cutting — The want of wax, and the trouble and bother of making good foundation. Rev. M. Mahin — Because they can buy it cheaper than they can make it, and get a better article. J. E. Pond — For myself, because I can buy it cheaper than I can make it, and I get better foundation, also. J. A. Green— My reason is that I be- lieve freshly-made foundation is more readily worlied by the bees. G. M. Doolittle — Because they do not use foundation in large enough quanti- ties to pay for fussing with it. Prof. A. J. Cook — They do not use a very large amount, and the expense of the machines decides them to buy the product. Mrs. L. Harrison — Because they are not "jack of all trades;" can employ their time to better advantage in some other way. E. France — Foundation machines cost money, and when you have the fixtures you have to learn the trade before you can make good foundation. Dr. C. C. Miller — Like many other things, those who make it on a large scale can sell it cheaper than the aver- age bee-keeper can make it. Jas. A. Stone — The only reason I can give is the bother of getting all the needed apparatus ; and unless one is a specialist, there is no time for it. Dr. J. P. H. Brown — It does not pay to try to make foundation for mere in- dividual use. It requires skill and long experience to make it as it should be. Mrs. J. N. Heater — I buy my founda- tion simply because I do not wish to en- ter into the manufacturing of it on a large scale, and it would hardly pay to make up small quantities. P. H. Elwood — I can answer for my- self only. 1st, we have too much work, and can hardly add another man to our family. 2nd, we buy a more uniform product than we can make ouselves. J. M. Jenkins — Why do you buy hats, and shoes, and sewing machines, and wagons, rather than make them ? Be- cause you can buy them cheaper than you can malr. Howard's Book ou Foul Brood. -Gives the McEvoy Treatment and reviews the ex- periments of others. Price, 25 cts. Dictionary of Apicullare«by Prof. John Phin. Gives the correct meaning of nearly 500 api- cultural terms. Price. 50 cts. Winter Problem in Bee-Keepinpr. by G, R. Pierce. Result of 25 years' experience. 50 cts. Handling Bees, by Chas. Dadant & Son.— A Chapter from Langstroth Revised. Price, 8 cts. Bee-Keepers' Directory, by H. Alley.— Latest methods in Queen-Rearing, etc. Price, 50c. Foul Brood Treatment^ by Prof. F. R. Cheshire.— Its Cause and Prevention. Price, 10 cts. Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke,— Origin. Development and Cure. Price. 25 cts. History of Bee-Associations, and Brief Re- ports of the first 20 conventions. Price, 15 cts. Honey as Food aud Medicine, by T. G. Newman.— A 32-page pamphlet : just the thing to create a demand for lioney at home. Should be scattered freely. Contains recipes for Honey-Cakes, Cookies, Puddings. Foam, Wines, and uses of honey for medicine. Prices, prepaid— Single copy. Sets.; 10 copies, 35 cts.; 5nfor$l.50: loofor $2.50; 250 for $5.50; 500 forSlO.OO; or iUM) for $15.00. When 250 or more are ordered, we will print the bee-keeper's card (free of cost) on the front cover page. Bee-Keepins for Profit, by Dr. G. L. Tinker.— Revised and enlarged. It details the au- thor's '* new system, or how to get the largest yields of comb ur extracted honey." 8u p. ; illustrated. 2dc. Emerson Binders, made especially for the BEK JODRNAL. are convenient for preserving each number as fast as received. Not mailable to Canada. Price. 75 cts. Commercial Calculator, by C. Ropp.— A ready Calculator, Business Arithmetic and Ac- count-Book combined in one. Every farmer and businessman should have it. No. 1, bound in water proof leatherette, calf finish. Price. 40 cts. No. 2 in fine artificial leather, with pocket, silicate slate, and account-book. Price, 60 cts. Oreen's Six Books on Friiit-Cultnre, by Chas. A. Green.— Devoted 1st, to Apple and Pear Culture; 2nd, Plum and Cherry Culture; 3rd, Rasp- berry and Blackberry Culture; 4th, Grape Culture; 5th, Strawberry Culture. 129 pp.; illustrated. 25 cts. (harden and Orcliard, by Chas. A. Green. —Gives full instructions in Thinning and Marketing Fruits; Pruning, Planting and Cultivating; Spray- ing, Evaporation, Cold Storage, Etc. 94 pages, illus- trated. Price. 25 cts. How to Propagate and Grow Fruit, by Chas. A. Green.— Brief instructions in budding, grafting and layering: also propagf^tion of fruit trees, vines and plants. 72 pages. Price 25 cts How We Made the Old Farm Pay, by Chas. A. Green,— Gives his personal experience on a fruit farm which he made yield a generous for- tune. 64 pages; illustrated. Price, 25 cts. Keudali^S Horse-Book. — 35 pictures, showing positions of sick horses, and treats on all their diseases. English or German. Price, 25 cts. Silo and $ila»:e, by Prof. A. J. Cook.— It gives the method in operation at the Michigan Agr - cultural College. Price, 25 cts. Capons and Caponizinsr, by Dr. Sawyer, Fanny Field, and others.— Illustrated. All about caponizing fowls, ana thus how to make the most money in poultry-raising. 64 pages. Price, 30 cts. Our Poultry Doctor, or Health in the Poultry yard and How to Cure Sick Fowls, by Fanny Field,— Everything about Poultry Diseases and their Cure. 64 pages. Price, 30 cts. Poultry for Market and Poultry for Profit, by Fanny Field.— Tells everything about the Poultry Business. 64 pages. Price, 25 cts. Turkeys for Market and Turkeys for Profit, by Fanny Field.— All about Turkey-Raising. 64 pages. Price, 25 cts. Rural Life.— Bees. Poultry. Fruits, Vege- tables, and Household Matters. lOO pages. 25 cts. Straw^berry Culture, by T. B. Terry and A. I. Root. For beginners. Price, 40 cts. Potato Culture, by T. B. Terry.— It tells how to grow them profitably. Price, 40 cts. Carp Culture, by A. I. Root and Geo. Fin- ley.—Full directions. 70 pages. Price, 40 cts. Hand-Book of Health, by Dr. Foote.— Hints about eating, drinking, etc. Price. 25 cts. Alsike Clover Ijeaflet.— Full directions for growing. 50 for 25 cts. ; 100 for 40 cts. ; 200, 70c. Maple Su^ar and the Susrar Bush, by Prof. A. J. Cook.— Full instructions. Price, 35 cts. Grain Tables, for casting* up the price of grain, produce, hay, etc. Price, 25 cts. Book Clubbing Offers. (Bead Carefully.) The following clubbing prices include the American Bee Journal one year with each book named. Remember, that only one book can be taken in each case with the Bee Jour- nal a year at the prices named. If more books are wanted see postpaid prices given mth the description of the books on this page. Following is the clubbing-list: 1. Langstroth on the Honey-Bee $2.10 2. A B O of Bee-Culture 2.00 3. Bee-Keeper's Guide 1.75 4. Bees and Honey [Cloth bound] 1.65 5. Scientiflc Queen-Kearlng I.75 6. Dr. Howard's Foul Brood Book 1.10 7. Advanced Bee-Culture 1.30 8. Amerikanische Bienenzucbit [Germ.] 1.75 9. Blenen-Kultur [German] 1.25 10. Kational Bee-Keeping [Cloth bound] 2.00 11. Kational Bee-Keeping [Paper bound] 1.75 12. Thirty Years Among the Bees 1^30 13. Bee-Keeping for Profit l!l5 14. Convention HandBook 1,15 15. Poultry for Market and Profit 1.10 16. Turkeys tor Market and Profit 1.10 17. Capons and Caponizing 1,10 18. Our Poultry Doctor 1.10 19. How We Made the Old Farm Pay 1.15 '20. Green's Sl.\ Books on FruitrCulture.. 1.15 21. Garden and Orchard 1.15 22. How to Propagate and Grow Fruit... 1.15 23. Rural Life 1.10 24. Emerson Binder for the Bee Journal. 1.60 25. Commercial Calculator, No. 1 1.25 26. Commercial Calculator, No. 2 1.40 27. Kendall's Horse-Book l.io 28. Rural Lite 1.10 29. Strawberry Culture 1.20 30. Potato Culture 1.20 31. Carp Culture 1.20 32. Hand- Book of Health 1.10 33. Dictionary of Apiculture 1.35 34. Maple Sugar and the Sugar Bush 1.20 35. Silo and Silage 1.10 36. Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping 1.30 37. Apiary Keglster (for 50 colonies) 1.75 38. Apiary Register (for 100 colonies) . 2.00 39. Bee-Keepers' Directory 1.30 612 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Sept. 19, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! It Is always economy to buy the best, espe- cially when the best cost no more than something not half so good. OUR FAL- CON SECTIONS are acknowledged to be siiperior to any on the market. The same Is also true of our HIVES and BEE- KEEPEKS' SUPPLIES, of which we make all modern styles. OUR PRICES will be found as low as those of any of our competitors, and in many cases low- er, and you are always sure of getting flrst-class goods. We also publish THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER, a monthly magazine (Filth year) at 50c. a year, in- valuable to beginners. Large illustrated catalogue and price-list free. Address, THEW.T.FALCOMRMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. ^T" W. W. Oerrlsli. of East Nottlns- bam, N. H., Is our Eastern agent. New England customers may save freight by pur- chasing of him. What's the Use of Keepinsr Bees If you do not sell the honey? That's what we are here for. Get our high prices before sell- °C^ K. HOKRIE 6l C^.., Commission Merchants, 224 SoutU Water St., Chicago, 111. 37A13 Mcntifm the American Bee Jounuu, HONEY QUEENS! Have been carefully bred for producing comb honey for the past 18 years, and by a special method for producing large, long-lived, pro- lific Queens. Can furnish either 3 or 5 Band- ed stock, bred in separate yards. .'(-Banded bred from my own or Imported Mother. No foul brood or paralysis. Warranted Queens, purely mated, 60 cts.; Tested, $1.00; Selected Breeders, $2.50. Discount on quantities. 27Atf J. H. GOOD, Nappanee, Ind. COMB FOUNDATION. Wbolesale aud Ketall. Quality always the best. Price always lowest. 'Working Wax iuto Foundation by the lb. a Specialty. I can make it an object for you in any quantity, but otter special Induce- ments on straight •25 or 50 lb. lots. Or for making large lot of Wax into Foundation. I am furnishing large Dealers, and can also please you. Beeswax taken at all times. Write for Samples and Prices, to GUS DITTIWEK, AUGUSTA, WIS. Reference— Augusta Bank. 16Atf WHEN AnSWEHINQ TM18 ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAL- Free Silver For You Is a good thing ' but here's some- thing better Until further notice I will furnish GOmB FOUNDATION as follows : 10 lbs. Heavy or Medium Brood rdn.$3.50 lOlbs. Lljiht " 3,60 10 lbs. Thin Surplus Foundation. .. 4.00 10 lbs. Extra-Thin Surplus Fdn 4.50 N» orders will be accepted at these prices from persons living east of New York State. For BEESWAX -fair quality, delivered here. 27c. cash ; 29c. in trade. W.J. Finch,Jr.,Spriiigfield, 111 28A13 Mention Oe Ainei-tcan Bee Jtmrnal. Woodcliff Queens. I will send a Guaranteed 5-Banded Yellow Queen, bred from a Breeder selected from 1000 Queens (some producing over 400 lbs. of honey to the colony): or a .'i-Banded Italian Leather-Colored Queen direct from a Breeder Imported from Italy. Oct. '94— at 75c., and a special low price for a quantity. My secret is to sell an extra-large amount, which enables me to sell at low prices. Will run this spring350 Nuclei— have 1 home and 4 out apiaries. No Queens superior to my Strain. IS'~ Send for Descriptive Catalogue and Testimonials, to Wm. a. Selsbr. Wvncotb, Pa. In response to many inqui- ries I will renew my speeial oiler for a short time only : — Five "SI. Joe" Hives, IJ^;-Story, tiii ready to nail— no see- tions— for $3.50 to any one ivlio lias never liati a erale of tiiese Hives. I sell Dadant's Foundation at tlicir prices ; pay CASH for BEESWAX, and keep a stock of Shipping-Crates and Other Bee-Supplies. SPECIAL, PRICES tlie rest of tlic season. Write and say what you want. EMERSON T. ABBOTT, Wheh Answering this Advehtisement, Mention tmo journau ST JOSEPH MO A Tnn TtiJ Cp Hs Will be made on the Foundation sold by us this year. That Is why ^ ^ WE NEED BEESWAX. Now Is the time to order your Foundation for 1896. Altboufth the on both Beeswax and Foundation for the balance of the season, we want all ^ The Beeswax You Have to Offer. Send for Catalogue of Bee-Supplies, I^ansstrotli Revised, etc. CHAS. DADANT & SON, Mentiontfie American Bee Journal. KAMTLTON, Hancock Co., ILIi. PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION Has No Sag in Brood -Frames Thin Flat-Bottom Foiiiidation Has No Fi!«bbODe id ttie Surplus Houey. BeinK tbe cleanest is usually worked tbe quickest of any Foundation made J. VAN DEDSEN & SONS, Sole Maoufacturers, Sprout Brook MontKomery Co., N. Y. Mention the American Bee JoumaZ. Select Tested Italian Glueens Friends, I will have 200 Select Tested Queens for sale Sept. 1. at $1.00 each or $10.00 per dozen. Untested, 50 cents each, or $5.00 per dozen. Tested Queens 75 cents each, or $6.00 per dozen, either Golden Italians or Imported stock at same price. Safe arrival and satis- faction guaranteed. Address. F. A. CROWELL, 31Atf GRANGKK, MINN. QUEENS ! Now ready by return muil. reared in full col- onies from the best honey-gathering: strains In America, at the following very low prices: Tested each $1.50 per i4 dozen 8.00 Warranted purely-mated each .75 '* per H dozen 4.25 *• per dozen 8.00 If you want Queens for business, get my old reliable strain. 40-p. descriptive Catalog Free. W. W^. CAR Y, Colrain, Mass. 27Atf Mention the American Bee JournaL Discount— 5 to 10 Per Cent. —ON— BEES & SUPPLIES Wax Wanted. I. J. STRINGHAM, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK, N. T. TAKING OFF HONEY -^VITII- The Porter Bee-Escipe Has been styled the Poetry of Bee-Keeplng. Saves time, brushing- of combs, ugly stings, smoke, uncapping of the cells, robbers, and, in a word, a large amount of annoyance. Price, 20 cts. each, or $2.25 per Box of One Dozen. Write to your nearest dealer, or to the A. 1. ROOT CO., who have the control of the sale of this implement. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. Mention the American Bee Journal PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. 35th Year. CHICAaO, ILL., SEPT. 26, 1895. No. 39. Report of the Proceedings OF THE Twenty -Sixth Annual Convention OF THE North Ainericaii Bee-Keepers' Association, HELD AT TORONTO, Ont., Sept. 4, 5 and 6, 1895. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, SEC. (Continued from page 599.) Selling: Honey. At the first eveniug session Mr. Meyer, a grocery mer- chant of Toronto, gave a short history of his experience in building up a trade in honey. He had found it necessary to do a great deal of educational work in getting people to buy honey. It was necessary to talk to people and call their at- tention to the honey. If poor people could not afford to buy butter, they were advised to get honey. Customers fear adul- teration. The fact that extracted honey is cheaper than comb honey leads people to think it must be adulterated. During the last year he had retailed four or five tons of honey. A. E. Hoshal — I have sent a great deal of honey to this market, and found that it must be first-class. There is no use in trying to palm off second grades. Better send that some- where else — down to Quebec, or some other place. Allen Pringle — I must protest against the use of the words "palming off" in speaking of disposing of second-grade honey. Buckwheat honey is good, pure honey, and we ought not to call it " poor stuff." Don't say we " palm it off." Mr. Hoshal— It is often gathered late, and is not then thoroughly ripened. It may then be "poor stuff'." J. K. Darling — Buckwheat is all sealed over and is thick. It can scarcely be thrown out with the extractor. Wm. Couse — The one great thing necessary in selling honey is cleanliness. Mr. Moyer keeps his place exceedingly clean and neat, and it is a great aid to him in bulling up his trade. John McArthur — I have sold a ton of buckwheat honey in Toronto. At our exhibitions we show too much liquid honey and not enough in the candied state. S. T. Pettit— I agree with Mr. McArthur, that we should show honey in the granulated state. Mr. Hoshal — All packages for extracted honey should be sealers. If they are not sealed, a id a customer picks up a package and tips it up, as is usually thecase, a small quantity of honey ruus out under the cover, and then down the side of the jar. The flies soon attack it, and the result is a miissy affair. It is no wonder that many grocers are disgusted with honey. I use a three-pound pail that seals. The pail and all weighs three pounds. The customer pays for the pail by pay- ing so much a pound for it, the same as he pays for the honey. Such a package costs five cents. The tin should be bright, and the labels of such a color that they harmonize with the tin. Bronze and red harmonize with the bright tin. J. T. Calvert — A new package for honey has lately come to our notice. It is made primarily for butter or lard, and a rubber band is used to make it tight. The Delayed Report of Last Vear. Mr. Benton having come in, he was asked to explain why he had failed to send in the whole of his report of last year's proceedings. Frank Benton — The report has been ready for months, and if it has not been published it is the fault of Mr. York. He has 75 pages now on hand, and neither publishes it nor will he return it, although I sent him stamps to pay the post- age on its return. G. W. York — It is true that he sent in 85 pages, but 75 pages of it was all one essay — Mr. Benton's — and it was so long that it would have taken up nearly one whole number of the Bee Journal. Another thing, it was never read at the last convention. He did send stamps for its return, but I sent them back. I told him that when he sent in the whole of the report I was ready to go on with its publication, but until I had it all in hand so that I could see how it was coming out, and plan accordingly, I should publish no more. Only a pub- lisher knows how aggravating it bad been to wait, and wait, each week, for " copy," and not know whether it was coming or not ; to hold bick other matter to leave room for the re- port, and then not have it come, and at the last moment have to put in something else that may not be what would have been selected if time could have been had for its selection. When Mr. Benton sends in the whole report, I am ready to go on with its publication. Dr. Mason — If the whole report is sent in when Mr. Ben- ton should send it, then if Mr. York does not publish it, he Is to blame. Mr. Benton — Mr. York says the essay was not read at St. Joseph. I said at the beginning that it was not all read, as it was too lengthy to read. I did not send in any more because I could not be assured that it wcuild not be changed and altered as the other matter had been treated. When 1 make out a report I do not want one word changed. As I have to sign the report as Secretary, I think that I have this right. Mr. York — I have made no changes except to correct errors, and that I will do every time, when I see them, I don't care who has made them. I will not knowingly publish errors. J. T. Calvert — 1 don't see how Mr. York can publish a re- port unless he has it to publish. Dr. Mason — Mr. Benton was employed by this Association to get out a report, and paid $'25 for doing this worlf. It is his business to get out the report and turn it over to the man appointed to print it. He would then have cleared Itis skirts. Then if Mr. York did not do his duty we should sit down on him. Perhaps they are both to blame, but just now it looks as though Mr. Benton needed to be sat down on the hardest ; but there is no use of taking valuable time in discussing this mat- ter, and I move that a committee of three be appointed by the chair to investigate the matter and report. Supported by J. T. Calvert. The following committee was then appointed : Dr. A. B. Mason, Ira Barber and J. T. Calvert. The convention then adjourned untH 9 a.m. the next day. SECOND DAY— Thursday Morning Session. The following members paid their annual dues: Allen Pringle, Selby, Ont. W. L. Cosgshall, West Groton, N. Y. W. C. Wells. Philipston, Ont. J. B. Hall, Woodstock, Ont. H. J. Bi^am, Black Greek, Ont. E. H. Stewart, Niagara Falls, N. Y. 614 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Sept. 26, G. M. Doolittle, Borodino, N. Y. E. A. Stratton, Horsehpads, N. Y. H. E. Bliss, West VVinfield, N. Y, Frank Mc-Nay, Mauslon, Wis. W. J. Brown, Chard, Ont. (Jporge W. York, Chirago, Ills. W. Z. Hut<'hiuson, Flint, Mich. Gpo. J. Soitler, Mosiertown, Pa. Win. McEvov, VVoodburn, Ont. S. T. PiHtit, 'Belmont, Ont. W. A. Chrysler, Chatham, Ont. R. F. Holtermann, Brantford, Ont. Prank Benton, Washington, D. C. Ralph Benton, Washington, D. C. J. C. Lillibridge, Port Allegany, Pa, R. MeKnighl, Owen Sonnd, Ont. R. A. Marrison, Inverary, Ont. F. A. Gemmill, Stratford, Ont. E. E. Slingerland, Troy, Pa. ti A. Aspiiiwall. Jackson, Mich. Ira Barber, DeKalb Junction, N. Y. Dr. A. B. Mason, Toledo, Ohio. L. D. Stilson, York, Nebr. E. Dickinson. Jr., North Glanford, Ont J. W. vSparliiig, Bowmanville, Ont. D. H. Coggshall, West Groton, N, Y. Wm. Couse, Streetsville, Ont. D. B. Lovett, Crestline, Ohio. LADY MEMBEKS PRESENT. Mrs. Martin Emigh, Holbrook, Ont. Mrs. H. J. Beam, Black Creek, Ont. Mrs. E. H. Stewart, Niagara Falls South, Ont. Mrs. Adam Garner, Niagara Falls South, Ont. Mrs. J. K. Darling, Almonte, Ont. Mrs. J. G. Sized, Si;arboro Junction, Ont. Mrs. H. E. Bliss, West VVinfield, N. Y. Mrs. W. J. Brown, Chard, Ont. Miss Constance Root, Medina, Ohio. Miss Carrie Root, Medina, Ohio. Mrs. Wm. McEvov. Woodburn, Ont. Mrs. M. Rickard,"BufiFalo, N. Y. Mrs. P. Byer, Markham, Ont. Mrs. Anna L. Cowan, Dayton, Ohio. I,IPE MEMBERS PRESENT. A. I. Root, Medina, Ohio. Thomas G. Newman, Chicago, 111. HONORARY MEMBERS PRESENT. Rev. L. L. Langstroth, Dayton, Ohio. Rev. Wm. F. Clarke, Guelph, Ont. Next came an essay by Mr. B. Taylor, of Forestville, Minn., entitled, Xlie Surest and Best 'W^ay of Producing: a Crop of Comb Honey. There have been poor honey crops here (southern Minne- sota) for five seasons in succession. Six years ago we had the greatest crop on record, and for 25 years previous a good crop was about as certain as the seasons, provided proper in- dustry and skill were used. Then there came a change. Min- nesota had in all the years previous to 1889, been regularly blessed with abundance of rainfall in the growing season, and generally, with much snow in winter, farm crops of all kinds flourished ; wild flowering plants struggled for room in every waste place, and the flowers were reeking with nectar. But for the last five seasons there has been a great lack of rain- fall in the summer and fall months, vegetable growth was checked, and farm crops became less certain. The carpet of green that clothed our landscape in the fall months was turned to brown, often in the early months of summer. The white clover that lined our roadsides and pastures with silvery whiteness began to disappear more and more with each re- turning season ; trees began to be scrimped in growth of leaf and blossom, until in the fall of 1894 stately oaks and other trees withered and died for lack of moisture. The honey crops began to wane, and the bees wintered with less certainty each year. Skillful apiarists that were able to still secure some surplus began to be the ones that had the " worst luck " in winteritig the colonies, and the less skillful, who got no honey, became the most successful. But now old-time conditions seem to be returning ; good rains continue to come in regular order, the brown earth is being again clothed with a carpet of green and gold, and the colonies of bees are increasing in weight in a way that prom- ises better times for 1896, for the apiarist, for the bees will now rear brood until late in the fall, and the hives will be stocked with ]/o)()i(/ bees at cellaring-time that will not die of old fKje before young bees can be reared next spring to take their places ; and the hives will also be well stocked with natural stores, so we need not be doctoring the colonies with artificial feed. I begin to fear that whenever we have to be- gin doctoring our colonies for any reason, trouble is not far away. The outlook is, then, hopeful, and I have resolved to pro- duce a big crop of cotnb honey in 189<5, if life and health per- mit, and the present hopeful condition continues. If I suc- ceed I will have to have my colonies strong in bees when white and Alsike clover blooms again, about June 1 next year, and I shall begin at once to utilize present opportunity to be sure to have the bees as I have already indicated. I am quite certain I can winter with certainty in almost any kind of hive, provided it is filled with a large colony of young bees, and plenty of natnnd sealed stores at the com- mencement of winter, and I give intelligent care as to winter quarters: this I will give by putting my colonies into a dry, dark, well-ventilated cellar, and keeping them at a tempera- ture as near 40'-' as possible. Each colony will be covered either with soft felt, sheeting paper, or a quilt of two or more thicknesses of burlap or cotton sheeting, and these fastened down tightly to the top of the hive (the cover being removed), so as to retain the natural heat of the bees, for I am now con- vinced, by repeated experiments, that the colonies should be covered ivarmly, even in tlie cellar. I will let the bottom- boards of the hives remain, but will have a wide entrance (the entire width of hive), both in front and rear, left open. The bees will be put into winter quarters when real winter has apparently come. I have some second swarms that came late; these will be at once supplied with heavy combs of natural stores, which I have in stock, regardless of the flowers yielding fall honey, for I want these young colonies to be stimulated to rear all the brood possible, and this they will not do if stinted for stores; the second swarms will make my best colonies for next year. This fall I will give strong colonies all the supers of sec- tions filled with full sheets of moderately heavy foundation; they will partly or wholly draw it out, and if any brood-cham- bers should be light ifi stores when these cases are removed, I will give them heavy combs of honey to make them rich in winter stores and spring food for rearing early the army of workers that are to gather a great crop of clover and bass- wood honey next year. The sections of honey stored this fall will be extracted, and then set out some fair afternoon so the bees may clean them of every particle of honey. During the winter and spring the combs will be leveled to uniform thickness on a comb-leveler, and then returned to the section-cases with one of my slotted handy separators between each two combs, and then set in a proper place until 10 days before clover blooms next year, when I will put one case on each strong colony previous to swarming ; in the cases the bees will have no combs to build, and they will fill them as speedily as a set of extracting-combs ; the sections will have the comb built soJitl to them on all parts, the honey will be very white, and the combs the smoothest you ever saw. If I do not have enough drawn combs to hold my crop, I will use full sheets of founda- tion in sections to supply the deficiency, putting the sections with foundation in the center o( the super, and drawn combs on the outside. Next spring, as soon as there is a fair prospect that hard winter weather is passed, I will move my colonies to the sum- mer stands. Each will be examined on the first fair day after they have had a good flight, to ascertain the amount of bees and stores, and to know they have a queen. The colonies will be in my handy hives of 10 frames of 100 inches each of tcoriio' comb, or 1,000 inches of straight worker comb per hive, and with not two square inches of drone-comb in any hive. They will bo supplied with combs of honey if lacking in stores, united with others if queenless, and then covered warmly, and then left in quiet, unless something should call attention to some particular hive, when special attention will be given it. After some of the colonies have become strong in bees, I will put an extra hive, filled with worker comb, under them ; this doubling of hives will be done for experiment, to ascer- tain if this enlarging of brood room will give better results in comb honey than single hives ; but the most of my colonies will be in single hives, and near the time white clover blooms, as has been mentioned, all strong colonies will be given a super of prepared sections, the section room increased as needed, by putting other cases under the partly-filled ones, 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 615 and swarming prevented, if plenty of storing mom will do it, but no other means will be triid to prevent swarming. Wlien a colony swarms they will be hived in one of my small handy hives, ou eight empty frames, with starters in them ; only the two outside frames will be filled with dummies. This will reduce the hive to SwO inches of comb space. I will hive on the starters only, provided I do not care to increase my colonies, for I know I can get more comb honey by hiving in an empty brood-chamber, but if I should conclude I wanted to increase my colonies, I will fill the frames with full sheets of worker foundation on horizontal wires, so the foundation cannot stretch at the top and make drone-comb of it ; for, with me, a large cell, however made, is sure to be filled with male brood, if any, and I cannot afford to rear drones in my small hives (they are equally unprofitable in large hives) ; but whether I use empty frames, or frames of foundation, the hive will be contracted to 800 inches of comb space. The new hive will be set where the parent colony stood, the supers will be removed to it, the old colony placed on the vacant end of the double stand, with its entrance turned in the opposite direction, and the new swarm hived in the new Mr. B. Taylor, Forcstville, Minn. hive, which will then be given all the cases of prepared sec- tions they can fill until the end of the basswood honey season, near the end of July, when all the cases of sections will be removed to the iron honey-house, where the cases will be set on end with one inch of space between them, so the air can be circulated through them freely. Here they will remain some 60 days at a high temperature and plenty of circulating air, and the honey even in the uncapped cells will become so thick as not to leak, even if left lying on its side. If I conclude to increase my colonies, the parent hive will be removed to a new stand the sixth or seventh day from swarming ; this will reinforce the new colony, and increase the yield of surplus honey. After the honey is properly cured it will all be crated iu one grade only, and be of such quality as to stand No. 1 in any market. The crates will be made of light, clean, smooth wood and paper, and will not leak, and they will be so light that an empty 18-section crate will weigh but 2ii pounds. I have shipped honey prepired as above iu 200-pound lots TOO miles, and with three railroad transfers, without breaking a single comb ; but the big crop I am going to pro- duce in 189(5, I will sell by my own personal exertion, in my own local market, if possible. Past experience in this field has been such as to make anything in that line seem possible, for I have made peddling nice comb honey pay when every store was crammed with it, and no seeming market at any price. I expect to have to take a low price for honey in the near future, at least whether the crop is large or small, but I am going to deal directjy with consumers, and give them the benefit of low prices. The sharks and speculators have cap- lured all the public markets, have destroyed competition, and inaugurated a system of telling the producers of food what they will pay for things, and the consumers what they must give for them. Brother bee-keepers, let us, where possible, sell our goods in our home markets, direct to consumers. B. Taylor. Mr. Taylor's essay was then discussed as follows : Ira Barber — I should not believe that bees would be com- fortable at 40^. Mr. Pettit — I think that temperature is all right. The only thing in his method of wintering that I would change is that I would raise the back end of the hive about three inches. The temperature inside the hive is above 40°. I have experi- mented much with different temperatures, and I believe that 40-- is about right. Ira Barber — Is your cellar dry or damp ? That has much to do with it. Mr. Pettitt— Until last year it was damp. The air was saturated with moisture. I can winter bees just as success- fully in a wet atmosphere as in a dry one. When the air goes into the hive it is warmed. Mr. Barber — With me the bees stop breeding early. No honey is gathered after July. Those old bees winter just as well as any. Bees that don't work don't lose their vitality. Practically, they are young bees. R. A. Marrison — I don't consider that moisture has any bearing on the wintering of bees, if the temperature is right. If the bees are well protected, and the temperature about 45^ to 50^, it doesn't matter about the moisture. Dr. Mason — It does make a difference with me, whether the air is dry. My cellar is dry, and the temperature runs from 45- to .503, and the bees are often hanging, on the out- side of the hive. But they are contented and quiet. Others say they want moisture; I don't. Some don't want the bees to breed early in the cellar. I do. J. B. Hall — The bees that drop down on the damp cellar- bottom will mold. Put sawdust on the cellar-bottom, and the bees that drop down will dry up instead of molding. We leave the tops sealed down, but give plenty of ventilation to the hive. G. M. Doolittle — First of all, to produce a crop of honey we need the man — one that will leave no stone unturned to produce a crop of honey. He must understand the proper kinks for briuging his bees up good and strong at the proper time. Mr. Hall — First, we must have the flowers, then the man, the bees, and last a hive. Mr. Pringle — First the flowers, then the bees. The bees may store a good crop of honey in a tree. Mr. Doolittle — I once kept a section of honey three years, and it improved as the time went by. Honey must be kept dry and warm. Mr. Barber — It is all right to keep honey dry and warm, but there is the trouble from the bee-moth's larvas. I put a good, lively spider into each super, as I store them away, and it will take good care of all the moths. R. McKnight — If honey is put into tight, well-made cases it will keep even in a damp atmosphere. Dr. Mason — We have kept honey since the year before the World's Fair, and kept it nicely. It was kept in a closet off the sitting-room. Mr. McKnight — I object to the word " sweat " as applied to comb honey. It does not sweat. It is the attraction and condensation of water from the atmosphere. (Continued on page 62S.) Liberal Book Premiums are offered ou page 627, for the work of getting new subscribers to the Bee Jour- nal. It fe a fine chance to get a complete apicultuial library. Think of it — 30 cents' worth of books given to the one send- ing a new subscriber ! Remember, please, that only present subscribers to the Bee Journal can take advantage of that offer. The publishers of the Bee Journal believe in making it an object for the old subscribers to push for new readers among their neighbors and friends, hence the generous pre- lum offers to them. It is hoped that all may begin now to work. Sample copies of the Bee Journal free. ABC of Bee-Culture.— The new (1895) edition of this standard bee-book is now out, and a good stock of them is on hand, at the Bee Journal office, ready for prompt delivery. It contains over 400 pages, fully illustrated, and strongly bound in cloth. Every subject on bee-keeoir.g is ex- haustively treated. As over 50,000 copies of this great work have been sold, it needs no extended description here. Price, postpaid, SI. 25, or clubbed with the Bee Journal one year — both for only .S2.00. 616 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Sept. 26, Cot;)tnbutcd /Vrticles> On Inijtnrtnnf A-i>iarInn Subjects. Packing Bees in a Shed for Winter. BY C. E. MEAD. I started to give the way I winter bees in a two-story brood-chamber, with four division-boards (see page 488), but I did not tell why I put the ^-inch board over the 7Ji space before packing the spaces between the sides of the hive and division-boards. Well, I do not want to get any cha£F in the TK-inch center space wliere I am going to put the frames of bees and honey. I use this board in packing the lower story as well as the second. Second, I have never found anything that would keep division-boards exactly where wanted, with as little trouble as one screw and two nails to each board, as I described. If the hive-covers project at least two inches over the sides and ends of the hives, and have a drip cleat nailed on the under side at the ends and sides, no snow or rain will get in ; and if raised H inch, the packing will be as dry, as the cover is water-proof, and if a little snow does blow in, it will all dry out before it will melt to dampen the packing. Correction : Read, I am as sure of wintering these small nuclei as I am the strong colonies under them. Why ? They have only a 2x?^.inch entrance through a wood tube, and are a.s warm as the big colony below, and make as big colonies by June 1. To pack eight hives of bees in a shed : Lay three 16x1 foot boards on six solid level 2x4:'s edgewise, and nail. Have this run north and south, if possible On the west side toe-nail three 2x4's 3 feet high, and nail three Kixl footboards. Toe- natl three 2x-l:'s, and 4 feet long, 2.K feet from the west side, one at each end, and one in the center. Nail a 1x4 inch to the tops of the east ar)d west 2x4 inch. For a roof use four 16 feet by 1 foot by 1 inch; water-light boards will do. The first will project over the west side 3 inches. Put on the others with 23.2-inch lap over the lower board; nail up the ends of the shed. You now have a shed, inside measure, 15 feet and 10 inches long, by 2 feet and 6 inches wide. Gradually move the hives around to the east side of this shed, the entrance facing the east, and in front of the exact position they are to be in the shed. Do this in September. Now is a good time to get them where you want them. Do not move them over 3 feet per day, less if they are near together now. Make a bridge wide enough to go over the bottom-board, and 33.2 inches high by 5 inches wide. Cover the bottom of the shed with old paper, the thicker the better. Now [lace each hive just 2 feet and 2 inches from the front of the hive to the back of the shed — space them equidistant, and raise the back of the hive, if Uic frames are endwise U'itJi the eiitnincc, ; if not, set level. Put the bridges against the hives, and toe- nail the front ends. (A bridge for a 10-frame Langstroth is one board 1 foot and H>^ by 3 inches ; and two boards 5x3 inches. Nail the 5x3 under and even with the ends of the 1 foot and 63^ by 5 inches, the 5 inches with the 5 inches.) Now nail the first 16-foot board on in front, and resting on top of the eight bridged entrances of the hives. Fit in pieces between the bridges. Pack between, hehind, and in /7'o?it of each hive, even with the top of the board. Nail on another 16-foot board, packing as before. Now nail the third, and pack at least one foot above the tops of the hives. N. B.— Bees winter better in a 2-story hive — heavy combs in the top hive, light ones below. Nail on a board to cover the open space at the top. Have plenty of honey, and do not unpack until you want to put on the surplus fixtures, or until they begin to swarm. Chicago, III, Aug. 23. Why Do Bees Swarm ? — Kingbirds. BY ELIA8 FOX. As explained by Mr. Morrow, page 503, 1 am compelled to say with Dr. Miller. "I don't know," and I think Mr. Mor- row would be just as near the solution had he, too, said "I don't know." The only portion of the solution that to me seems to be a fact, is this : Those tliat love the old queen must take her and leave. I saw something once several years ago that would look as if there might be something in this. I always have my queens' wings clipped, and conse- quently I am, as a rule, present when a swarm issues, and this particular time a first swarin issued between 5 and 6 o'clock p m., but no queen came, and of course the swarm returned. But before they were all in the hive, they swarmed again with the same result, and they returned the second time ; but in a very few moments they again swarmed out, and they were all out of the hive with the exception of an occasional bee or two, when two bees appeared on the alighting-board -pulling the queen with thiim, and off on the ground. One had hold of a wing and the other a leg. She was caged, and the swarm hived, and everything se?med perfectly satisfactory. This is the only case of the kind I ever saw. Sometimes I find the queen out about as soon as the bees get fairly started ; at other times, when about half out, and at other times she fails to appear at all, and on removing the cover from the upper story, I find her, apparently greatly ex- cited, and ready to come out at once. This looks as if she was as anxious to leave the old hive as the bees. If she was not, after the bees are nearly all out, under the excitement that is always apparent at this time, what is to hinder her from de- stroying at least a portion of the uiihatched queens, if she felt so disposed ? It seems to me it would be very poor reasoning to think the bees should put forth so much effort to rear so many bees, and especially to stop to rear young queens before they could increase the supply of bees when the basswood honey would be harvested before the young queens would be- gin to lay. Experience teaches me that bees swarm more for the want of room than from all other causes put together, and they don't always make this eight-day preparation, either, for I have had them swarm many a time without a sign of a queen- cell started ; yet I find an occasional swarm that shows no disposition to swarm — they will fill every available corner in the hive, and unless given more room, they will spread them- selves over the front of the hive and ground, as much as to say, "We have our house full, and are contented." Just why we have all of these different conditions, I think the best of us can say, " I don't know." I can corroborate the statement of Mr. Nash, on page 504, in regard to kingbiids catching bees, for I have seen them catch hundreds of them, and it is always the incoming bees loaded with honey. I never saw the disgorging, but from his statement, and the fact of their not catching the out- going bees, it would look as if they caught them for the honey alone. Hillsboro, Wis. What Dr. Miller Thinks. Dry Barrelsi for Honey. — It's worth while to repeat the injunction of Chas. Dadant, on page 581, to keep barrels for honey in a dry place. It seems so natural to think they must be kept in the cellar, and to think that a dry barrel will leak. Once I put some hot syrup into a tub. Next morning I found it all over the floor. The tub had been soaked with water, and hot syrup had such an affinity forthe water that it drew it out, shrinking the wood so it would not hold the syrup. The honey does the same thing if the staves of a barrel are wet. Prrserving Combs. — If salting down combs, as given by Mr. Golden, on page 582, will properly preserve them, it's a good thing to know. There may be times when it is conven- ient to protect them thus. Generally, however, it is best to let the bees take care of them. Each colony can care for three or four times as many combs as it needs for its own use. The only time when there need be any trouble is during the harvest when working for comb honey, for a colony will not work in sections if it has plenty of empty combs : but at that time the empty combs are likely to be used for swarms, or a few colonies can be run for extracted, each one taking care of 40 combs or more. Home-Made Comb Foundation. — The replies on page 595 seem to indicate that, like everything else, the making of comb foundation is being given over to specialists. Of those who reply, three buy for every one who makes, and some who formerly made now buy. I suppose the same thing holds with regard to other things used by bee-keepers. Formerly each man made his own hives and surplus boxes; now not one in a hundred makes hives, and not one in a thousand makes sections. It's better so. Marengo, 111. Every Present Subscriber of the Bee Journal should be an agent for it, and set all others possible to sub- scribe for it. See offers on page 627. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 617 Something About the Old Skep Bee-Keeping. BY W. U. MORSE. Mr. Abbott invites all having experience v?ith the skep (the name of the old straw hive) to speak out. And his re- marks imply that the hive may have some good points in it after all. Now if I had more than one of these hives I should burn them, or otherwise get rid of them. Before going farther, I will explain what the skep is, as there are thousands that never have seen one. It is made by forming a rope of straw without twisting it, one inch in diameter, and coiling it so that the coil measures 18 inches across, and each coil lying on the top of the other, and laced tightly to the one below until the coils reach 12 inches high, and then the coil is shortened at every round until it runs out, thereby forming a dome. Now such an arrangement, no mat- ter how well it is done, has plenty of crevices for ventilation, and the bees fi.\ it up to suit themselves, and they make no blunders about making it water-proof. We all know that straw Is a bad conductor of heat or cold, and propolis is, as far as my knowledge goes, non-porous, which gives a warm hive in winter, and large, deep combs which are so essential to the perfect wintering of any colony, especially if wintered on the summer stands. Now, these are the good points of the old straw hive, but now for the bad points. First, the bee-keeper is powerless over his colonies. Of course, such deep combs are perfect for the production of large quantities of brood, and the hive soon becomes densely populated, and excessive swarming is the result. I have known cases of Bve swarms in one season from the parent col- ony. Then, we see that the combs are 10 inches deep by IS in the center of the hive, getting less in size as they near the outside, and the only support the combs have are two sticks thrust through the hive so as to cross each other, and the bees seem to realize the danger of breaking down such combs, for they thicken the outer ring of their cells much more than my bees do on the Langstroth frame. If wax were more valuable than honey, that would be all right. But we keep bees for the honey they produce, and with the skep hive the only way to profitably obtain it is by sulphuring the bees, and the combs generally are in the worst shape to get a fine quality of honey from them, even if they contain it, as they have had brood in patches all over them, and as a natural result pollen is stored wherever brood is being reared ; but the sulphur pit is the worst of all, and in the hands of a man ignorant of the work- ings of the bees, it is awful. I will explain whv. First, the heaviest colonies were always doomed, which meant the best queens of the lot lost forever. Next came the ones that had not enough to pull through the winter, which meant the young laying queens of the season ; and the ones generally left were the medium weight ones, which were gen- ■erally the first swarms with the old queen at the head of the hive. So we see that the only thing that kept the bee-keepers of old from exterminating the honey-bee, was the God-given instinct to the bees to supersede the aged or worn-out mother ; had it not been for this wonderful provision in their little brains, we should have known the honey-bee only from an- cient writings. And if the nations of the world watched our American bee-literature as closely as theirs is watched in America, the skep and sulphur pit would be banished forever, and be read of as curiosities by future generations, as any per- son that can use a saw and square can beat the skep for a hive; but it is essential that every person managing a colony of bees in a wooden hive, should have a true knowledge of the principles of heat, andapply them to the bees he is managing in winter and summer', and then no one will regret having discarded the old for the new. Florence, Nebr. The Alsike Clover Leaflet consists of 2 pages, with illustrations, showing the value of Alsike clover, and telling how to grow it. This Leaflet is just the thing to hand to every farmer in your neighborhood. Send to the Bee Jour- nal office for a quantity of them, and see that they are dis- tributed where they will do the most good. Prices, postpaid, are as follows : 50 for 25 cents ; 100 for 40 cents ; or 200 for 70 cents. The McEvoy Foul Brood Xreatment is given in Dr. Howard's pamphlet on " Foul Brood ; Its Natural History and Rational Treatment." It is the latest publication on the subject, and should be in the hands oJf every bee-keeper. Price, 25 cents ; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year —both for $1.10. ^-»-^ See " Bee-Keeper's Guide" offer on page 624. CONDUCTED BV Rev. Emerson T. Abbott. St. »Josepli, Afo. Ordinance No. 30. — Be it Ordained by the Board of Trustees of the Inhabitants of the Village of Fairfax, as Follows : Section 1. No person or persons shall keep, permit or maintain bees inside the corporate limits of the village of Fairfax, and it is hereby declared a nuisance to keep or main- tain bees inside said corporate limits. Sec. 2. Any person keeping or maintaining within the corporate limits of this village any nuisance as hereinbefore described, shall, on conv'iction thereof, bo fined in the sum of not less than one dollar ($1.00), nor more than one hundred dollars (.$100). Sec. 3. This ordinance to be in full force after its ap- proval. Approved this 2nd day of September, 1895. F. E. EuDDELL, Chairman. Attest : G. Seideman, Clerk. And now it is in Missouri where the city government has gotten to know " more than the law allows." I should like to gel at the "Honorable Board of Trustees of the Inhabitants of the Village of Fairfax," Missouri, in body assembled, for about one hour, more or less. I trust that some of them would know some things, at the end of that time, which seem to dwell very faintly, if at all, in their craniums at the pres- ent time. I think it well that all such ordinances should be published, that bee-keepers may know what to expect, and be prepared for it. I want to offer this hint to bee-keepers, es- pecially in towns and villages. Insist on giving in your bees to be taxed the same as any other property. The tax will not be much, and then when they confront you with such an or- dinance, simply say : " Gentlemen, my bees are property, a,nd you cannot de- clare them a nuisance as a whole any more than you can horses and cattle, if kept in the proper way on my own premi- ses. If you go to fooling with my bees, some of you will get into trouble. If you will proiK that my special bees have com- mitted a nuisance, then I will move them ; but it you do not, you would better have a care how you fool with me or them." It is about time that city aldermen and village trustees learn that they are not above the law and the constitutional rights of individual citizens. The right of property is older than any set of village trustees, and the sooner they are made to understand this, the better. They tried the moving-out business on me once in St. Joseph, but I read the riot act to them, and gave them a short chapter of the law and gospel combined, and I have not heard any more of it since, and the presumption is I will not, as this was several years ago. Mr. Joseph Blivens, of Fairfax, seems to be the party against whom the above ordinance is directed. If any of our bee-keeping friends, who are near him, can lend him any aid in his fight for hvman liberty, it is to be hoped that they will do so. — [If Mr. Blivens is a member of the National Bee- Keepers' Union, he can get plenty of help. — Editor.] Caijjadiat;) Bccdon)^ The Importance of Longevity in Bees. It is somewhat surprising that this quality is so seldom given any prominence by writers in our bee-journals, when upon it, to a very large extent, devolves the interesting ques- tion of " profit or loss " in bee-keeping. That it is of such vital importance may be denied by some of the " older heads " and " bigger lights " in bee-culture, but no one is bound to co- incide with the opinions held by others when such opinions 618 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Sept. 26, appear to him to be false; but I am glad that I can say, as far as my experience goes, that there are few classes of men more anxious to adopt progressive ideas and methods of work than are bee-l\ i O.B P ~> ;!5® i ; ^ « ^ I ? 3 !I -i " in :> a^S' r O r- ET^ .— o o-i- - fJO "< o i c.-Ja n<=_f o O 3 3 CT r -a So ~" 9 5'° S o o ° e:-'2o'5 &=■ — .r -1 w c o —i: o _B " X-o r* w o ''- .S ■^ c i d"; P rT< 3 O fcSD-0£ O.-ciO C'S 0<-5- C 0.5 ^-O ° rr Bf^^*- 2 n (^ , - 5C g T „ -1 tJ3 ~ o o ?a = »5-3 C"p ^^ - O-D P^ ■' -9 S '■" rr 1:1 /-^ ^ at c":- (D 3 £;-■<§ ■=-=» > 3) = Ki?i :hE.S5 - rrr o « : a* O M ^p _o o. P2.0 ro 3 >T3 d£ o o o o »^ 3*! so o <■ - 3 5o»g Of,c-° 00 CD 0 oOca;m [^ JLJ 5 _. i^ J > P 3 =iO ?iSoH «*= o io sr.-o.cr ?3VS3 -^ o ^> C3T3 fr _» o-f=BS, CD C*® 2* agoS- c^^rt a p O _.P1»5 p — (t o p c o — O T "^ n P .-,(-j ■"'oStr o a.ci p K ■ C !° '° ^° ^ oSo.f» en CD CD >- CD CD 00 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 623 Attention, Bee-Keepers ! We are Now Ready lo Receive Shipuieiils of HONEY, both ComI) & Extracted ALSO For the Season of 1895-96. We have made preparations to store Comb Honey in Any Quantity. This is our Fifth Year as a HONEY COMMISSION HOUSE. We received 812 Shipments last year. We kindly solicit the business of our friends of former years, and a Trial Shipment of all Bee-Keepers in the Country. cJ. J^. L^^IMIOlsr, 43 South Water Street, - CHICAGO, ILL. CO BUY A « ^^^^BURLINGTOIN your horse is always clean, it keeps the hair smooth and glosBy, No eurcingle required. No tifzht girth. No sore backs. Nocbaliiigot mone. ^o rubbing of tail. No horee can wear it under his feet. No Come Off to Them! Your Harness Dealer Keeps Them. If not, write UB for Free Catalogue and prices. Tho "Stat On" Burlington rxru^r%^;ftB. BQRLINGTON BLANKET 00. Burlington, Wis. 37D8t Please mention the American Bee Journal. ONE MAN WITH THE llNldN COMBINATION SAW (';in do the work of four men using hiind tools, in Kippinjf, Cuttiugi-ofF. Mi- tring:, Rabbeting, Groov- ing. Gaining, Dadoing:. Edginsr-vin- Jointing Ptufif, etc. Full Lineof Foot and Hand Power Machinery. .Solil (in Trial. (liit;ilnj;iie Free. SENECA FALLS IflFO. CO., 46 Water St., SENECA FALLS. N. y 27D1'1 Mtnlion the Anu.rtfnn Bee Journal, ************************** JNCOBATORSi We Warrant { The Reliables- ToHitch 80 per centMLrFUaiiLiTis-o^ Durable. Correct in Principle. Leader X , at World's Fair. 6ct,>. in atampa for ^ new 112 pace Poullrv Guide and Cata- ^ yt locme. POULTRY FOR PROFIT made plaia. Bei-Kock laformatioa. « if Reliable Incubator and Brooder Co.,Quincy* All. -k ^•••••••••••^••••••^•^•••^ 37D16t Please mention this Journal. BERKSHIRE, Chester White, Jersey Red A Poland China Pigs. Jersey, Gnernsey&Hol- stein Cattle Thoroughbred SheejL Fancy Poultry, Hunting _ and House Dog*i. Cataloeue. 8. W. SMITH. Oochranvllle, Chester Co., Pa« 1 .JJJ26 Mention the American Bee Journal, THE BOTTOM IS OUT For the ne.\t 60 days we will sell Warranted Purely-Mated Queens At 55 cts. each : 8 for $:i.OO. Tested, 75 cts. ; 6 for $4.00. All Queens sent by return mail. Satisfaction guaranteed. Address. LEININGEIt BKOS.. 33Dtf FT. JENNINGS, OHIO. WHEN ANSWERING THIS ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOUHNAU Tiie Home Remedy Case 1 This choice selection consists of 15 Reme- dies, especially cbo^en with a view to the most probable refiuiiements of the fami v; put up In a nice Leatherette Case with a Book- let of Directions so clear that uo one can go wrong. The supply of Medicines is quite enough for months, perhaps years, ami will save you many times what it cost, besides much trou- ble and anxiety during sickness in the family. Ihese are no | atent medicines 1 When any of the Remedies are used up, we will promptly mail a duplicate bottle of the same Remedy on receipt of 25 cents for each bottle. If you value life and health, this Case is worth its weight in gold to any family ! Price, prepaid, $:i.OO. V Liberal Offer.- Wo offer the "Home Remedy t^ase" and the American Bee Jnur- iial for one year— both for only $3. 00— making the Bee Journal free. Send postal card for free Circular, Address G. W. YORK & CO., 56 5th Ave,, Chicago, 111. New Sweet Clover Seed For Sale. 10 pounds $1.00; 100 pounds, $8.00. Ready by Sept. 10. K. MILLIsK, 36A COMPTON, LeeCo., ILL. C^cr)cra\ H€n)s^ Making Honey a Staple Product. Editor Hutchinson speaks in the last Bee Journal ot honey being a luxury, and not a staple like wheat or potatoes. Now, why cannot people be educated up to where they will believe it to be more a necessity than a luxury, for it is surely the purest ot all sweets ? Housekeepers believe fruit, both fresh and canned, to be a necessity, and those of us who are fortunate enough to live in northern Illinois, where scarcely any fruit is grown, must either buy the stale fruits in the market or go without. Now. would it nut be greater economy, and more healthful, if we fed our husbands and children on more pure honey — the richest and purest of all sweets — and less on the stale acid fruits in the markets ? Who will say no ? Adella Newell. Dundee. 111., Sept. 2. Apple-Bloom and Locust Honey. My bees wintered well, and the first of May found all colonies strong in bees ready for apple-bloom, which yielded well. This was followed by black locust. From the two sources I got between 400 and 500 pounds of good surplus honey, or about 25 pounds per colony, which finds ready sale at 20 cents per pound for comb honey, which is rather dark, but of good flavor. We had no white clover or other honey. My colonies all wintered on "honey-dew." They have plenty of honey tor the coming winter. My success is due to the fact that I have all my colonies utrunu in yotmi/ bees in September and October, and I gave each from 25 to 30 pounds per colony for winter stores. I use double-walled hives, with dry pine sawdust packing or forest leaves, and never had any losses from wintering. RoBT. B. Woodward, M. D. Somerset, Ohio, Aug. 38. Lots of Golden-Bod and Fall Flowers. Bees are not doing well at all here just now. I had 18 colonies, but have only eight at present, the rest deserted on account of not having any honey or means ot getting it. We had lots of honey in the spring, but have had so much rain that the bees could not work, and flowers would not bloom. The hives have no honey in them. I do not know what my bees are going to do for winter stores, unless they pick up In the fall, which I hope they will do. as they have access to hundreds of acres of golden-rod and other fall flowers, which promise to furnish an abundance of bloom very soon. James B. Drurt. New Orleans, La., Sept. 3. Dequeening — Foul Brood. Dr. Miller wishes to know whether we still practice dequeening during swarming- time. We do. but not as extensively as formerly. Years ago we bought bees to keep our number of colonies good. With the present low price for honey, we prefer to make an increase sufiiciently large to meet losses in wintering and springing. The first colonies offering to swarm are divided; after that, those making prepara- tions for swarming are dequeened. We have practiced this method for 20 years, and it works as well as ever. None but No. 1 colonies will do well without a queen, and it is better to wait until the swarm is nearly ready to issue before removing the queen. If they have been in the air no danger will result, provided they return to the right hive. Such colonies as have made a commencementin sections will keep on with their work. I was pleased to receive Dr. Howard's book on •■ Foul Brood." I have had an ex- tensive experience with the disease, having bad it in my apiary at the time of my com- 624 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Sept. 26, THE BEE-KEEPER'S GUIDE: -OR- MANUAL OF THE APIARY. PROF. A. J. COOK, This 15th and latest editiou of Prof. Cook's magnificent book of 460 pages, in neat and substantial cloth binding, we propose to give away to our present sub- scribers, for the work of getting new subscribers for the American Bee Journal. A description of the book here is quite unnecessary — it is simply the must com- complete scientific and practical bee-book published to-day. Fully illustrated, and all written in the most fascinating style. The author is also too well-known to the whole bee-world to require any introduction. No bee-keeper is fully equipped, or his library complete, without "The Bee-Keeper's Guide." Read This New Offer. Send us Three New Subscribers to the Bee Journal (with $3.00), and we will mail YOU a copy of Prof. Cook's book free as a premium, and also a copy of the 160-pase " Bees and Honey " to each New Subscriber. Prof. Cook's book alone is $1.2t), or we club it with the Bee Journal for a year— both together for $1.7.5. But surely anybody can get only 3 new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year, and thus get the book as a premium. Let everybody try for it. We want to give away 101)0 copies of this book by Jan. 1. Will tou have one ? GEORGE W. TfOBK & CO., 56 Fifth Ave., CHICAGO, ILLS. *' California If you care to know of its Fruits* Flowers Climate or Regources. send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— Tlie Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Aprricultural paper of the Pacific Coast. Publlsbed weekly, handsomply illustrated, $2.40 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL. PRESS, 220 Market St.. - SA.N FRANCI.«CO. CAL. GOLDEN QUEENS From a $.50 00 Breeder obtained of Doolittle. Also Leather Um\ [[oT'sXytsti,.': Price— 1 Queen. .SOc Will warrant 9.5% of 6 for potted Queens. $2.7.5; $5.00 per dozen. Will Queens purely mated: Bees to be K-''ntlp and excellent hoi cy gat iierers. H.. Will Mr. Mead kindly explain '. Not an oilnce of surplus honey this year — only seven colonies left from last winter's loss; so that seven is the number for which I wish to build. Mrs. E. R. B. Nunda, N. Y., Aug. 18. [Mrs. B., you will find Mr. Mead's reply to your query on page 616. — Euitok.] Hive Bottom-Boards, Etc. In answer to A. A. D.'s and Dr. Miller's question, on page .5'22. I would say: I set the hive level on four stakes driven into the ground to within about six inches, so the hive will be about that high from the ground. The stakes are 15 inches apart, so the hive will have a half-inch margin over the stakes. The entrance to the hive is cut out in the bottom-board ^^ deep. 10 inches wide, and back far enough so there will be about one inch inside the hive. No water will go in the hive farther than the cut; and I cut it so there will be a little incline in the cut. I use both tight and loose bot- toms, so cut. (See Gleanings, June 15, ISyS, page 47, for description of the hive I 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 625 prefer, and its advantages. See page 49 same nutnher; advantage of setting close and under shelter from sun and rain.) At pesent I have my hives eight inches apart, and if I ever should make a change it would be still closer. There is less rob- bing and they're easy to work from the back, and I can see no difference in getting queens mated by having them close. 1 have re- queened most of my 100 colonies this sea- son; have seen several young queens leave the hive for their flight, and then return. They could scarcely make a mistake, for on their starting out a number of bees follow outside and remain on the entrance several inches out if the bottom extends. They turn their heads to the entrance, almost standing on their beads, with wings hum- ming a call as like that heard when the swarm is entering the hive. No fear of many mistakes. JoHX Craycraft. Astor Park, Fla. Hives Full of Fall Honey. Bees have stored the hives full of fall honey— not very dark, but of rank flavor. Jas. Armstrong. Farwell, Mich., Sept. 18. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers, MoBt of whom Quote In this Journal. Poor Season — Five-Banded Bees, Etc. The month of August closes in upon us with little if any surplus. Colonies that were weak in numbers in the spring have barely bred up to good condition, and many of them are short of winter stores. Some of the strongest ones have a little surplus, but nothing more than enough to help out those that are short. We yet have the month of September, and may get some honey from the asters and golden-rod. but present indications are that we shall need all they get from this time on to carry them safely through the winter. I notice on page .535, an article by W. P. Paylor. on .'i-banded bees, etc. As I have bad some experience in the line of queen purchasing, it might be profitable to some to give it. Last spring I bought 1.5 queens from six different breeders, and among the lot was one 5-banded queen. I gave her a good show by putting her into a medium-sized colony, well supplied with empty combs, honey, and considerable brood ; but some way they made little or no progress as to increase of stores or numbers. Had I paid $6.00. as Mr. Faylor said he did, I doubtless should have wanted to put my head into a barrel and shouted long and loud, " What a big dunce 1 have been!" But I only in- vested ,5.5,cents in the golden beauty. Well, last spring I found her alive, and a few bees, so they pulled through and built up somewhat, but seemingly had no push to them. The bees were a small, short- bodied sort of pot-shaped ones, and the queen was long, slim-bodied and sluggish inaction; so the other day I nipped her head off. and said, "Good-bye, goldens." The balance of the queens purchased proved to be very good, excepting one T purchased as untested, from a high-priced dealer, and 1 very much doubt if any selected tested three or five dollar queen sent out by any dealer would excel some half a dozen of these I bought at the rate of 50 cents each. But let me repeat it again right here: My experience has been that I have not been able to purchase any queens that work up to the standard of excellence that my own do. when I secure them from cells from my best early-swarming colonies. I have experimented somewhat with rearing queens in upper stories : have given them cells in cell-protectors, knew they hatched out all right, but I never as yet have had a fertile laying queen. They would be gone in a short time; but as others have told me the same thing. I con- soled myself ihat 1 was not the only fool in this respect. Chester Belding. Middletown, N. Y., Aug. 31. Oblcat^o, Ills. J. A. Lamon, 4.'! South Water St. S, T. Fish & Co., 189 S. Water St. R. A. BOBNBTT & Co., 163 South Water Street. New York, N. Y. F. I. Sage & Son, 183 Reade Street. HiLDRETH Bros. Sc Seoelken. 120 & l'!3 West Broadway. Chas. Israel & Bros.. 486 Canal St. T. J. Strinoham. 105 Park PUce. Francis H. Leogett & Co., 128 Franklin St. Kansas City, Mo. O. C. CI.EMOM8 & Co., 423 Walnut St. Buaalo.N. ¥. Batterson & Co., 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chas. Dadant & Son. Fblladelplita, Pa. Wm. a. Selser, 10 Viue St. CInciunatI, Ohio. C. f. MCTH & SON. cor. Freeman* Central ava. C;<>nveuli»n ;^oti«^e». Honey & Beeswax Market Quotations. Minnesota. — The next meeting of the Southern Minnesotu Ree-K"epers' Association will be held at Winona. Oct. 15 and 16,1895. All members are urg-ently requested to at- tend. All bee-keepers and others interested are cordially invited. E. C. Cornwell. Sec. Winona, Miun. Wisconsin.— The Southwestern Wisconsin Bte-Keepers' Association will hold its next meeting at Pl.tteville, Wis.. Oct. 8 and 9, 1895. "Coine. every one." Don't get dis- couraged it we haven't got a crop of honey. We will have a good time at Platteville. just the same Biimr your wives and daughters wiih you. Many iuteresting subjects will be discussed. M. M. KiCE. Sec. Bo^oobel, Wis. Utah. -The Utah Bee-Keepers' Association will hold their st-mi-annual meeting in Room 54. City and County building. Salt Lake City, Oct. 5, 1895. at 10 a.m. All are invited. Come and have a good time. Many interesting sub- jects will be discussed. Among other ques- lumsti) be considered will be Maikets and Transijonation. A union of Interest in the Industry is mu h desired. Pruvo. Utah. Geo. E. Dudley. Sec. MUTH'S HONE'S' EXTBACTOK perfection i^old-Blast Smokers, Square Olass Honey Jars, Ete. For Circulars, apply to Chab. F. Moth & Son. Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O Send lOo for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers. THROAT AND LUNQ DISEASES, DR. PEIRO, Specialist Offices: 1019, 100 State St., CHICAGO. Hours 9 to 4. UenUou the Amcrlcu,")!, Hee JuivnuU, Eiliniber and Log-Book. — Gives meas- urements of lumber, logs plaokB: wages, etc. 25c. lCiii«Iei-!!i for this size of the American Bee Journal we can furnish for 75 cents each, postpaid; or we will club it with the Bee Journal for a year— both for $1.B0. We have a few of the old size (6xi)) Binders left, that we will mail for only 40 cents each, to close them out. Please Send TJs tlie Names of your neighbors who keep bees, and we will send them sample copies of the Bee Journal. Then please call upon them aud get them to subscribe with you, and secure some of the premiums we offer. Bee-Keeper's Guide— see page 547. CHICAGO, III.. Aug. 25.— We are having considerable inquiry for comb honey. We have as yet received but a few small consign- ments. We quote: Fancy white, 15c.; No. 1 while. 14c. Kxtracted, 5@7c. Beeswax, 25@27c. J. A. L. KANSAS CIT V, Mo., Aug. 20.— The receipts of new C(jmb and extracted honej- is fair, the demand not lare'e. but will increase with cooler vveither. We quote: No. 1 white comb, l-ll)a.. 14(3il5c.; No. 2, 12@13c.; No. 1 amiier, ll(ai2c.; No. 2, lOailc. Extracted, white, 6@6i4c.; amber. 5!.4@6c.; Southern. 4V4ia5c. BeeBwa.v, 22@25c. C. O. C. & Co. PHILADELPHIA, Pa.. Aug. 19.-New crop of comb honey Is coming in more f reels' and generally in good condition. Demand is now beginning to spring up. New extracted is arriving in a small way. We quote: Fancy comb, 14@15c.; good. 13c.; fair, 9@llc. Ex- tracted, 4 '/J'^Si^c. It Is hard to get our mar- ket to rally after the bloiv it received in the spring on discovering such a larjre amount of beeswax adulterated. We quote pure wax, 22ia25c. W, A. S. ALRANY, N. Y., Sept. 6.— Honey market opening with good demand. Receipts lighter so far this year than last, but do not look for higher prices. We quote: White comb. 14@ 15e.; mixed. 13(ai4c,; dark. Il@l2c. Ex- tracted, while. O'/i^lVic: mi.-sed, 6'a6'/4c.; dark, b>^(StOc. Beeswax. 28@29c. H. R. W. CHICAGO. 111.. Sep. 4.— The new crop is coming forward and sells at 15®16c. for best lots; ilark grades, 9@l2c. Extractea ranges from tj@i7c. for white, and 5fi^5^c. for colored, flavor and packaye making difference in price. Beeswax, 27@28e. R. A. B. & Co. BUFFALO. N, Y., Sept. 16.— Litrht receipts are prevailing in our market and demand Is Improving. We quote: Fancy one pound sec- tions, I5f^l6c.; choice, 13@14c.; buckwheat, slow sales at 8@10c, B. & Co. CINCIN.VATI. O..Sept. IS.-Demand is very good for all kinds of new honey, while sup- ply is scant. We quote; Comb honey, 12® 16c.; extracted, 4®7c. on arrival. Beeswax Is in good demand at 20@25c. for good to choice yellow. C. F. M. & S. CHICAGO, ILL., Aug. 23. — Fancy white comb honey (i-lhs.) in nice, clean packages sells at 16c.; other grades of white honey, 14 ©loc; amber, i:i@14c. We are having a good trade in extracted honey, selling light amber and while at 6@7c.; dark, 5@5^c de- peucling on qua.ity and style of package. Early shipments to market advised so as to permit of sale before cold weather sets in. Beeswax. 28o. S. T. F. & CO. NEW YORK, N. Y., Sei>t. 11.— New crop of comb honey is arriving and while the receiots from N. Y. State are light, we are receiving large ipumtHies from California. Had two cars ol choice comb and have several more to follow. On accountot warm weather the de- mand Is rather lifht as yet. We quote: Fancy white, litis., I5@16e.; fair white, 12@13c. No demand as yet for buckwheat and dark honey. Kxtracled is plentitul. especially Cal- ifornia and Southern. We quote: Calilnrnia. 5@59ic. : white clover and basswood, 6@6Mc.; Southern, 45(a5'ic. a gallon. Beeswax In fair demand and Arm at 28@29c. H.B. &S. .tkw »,.„ 4»iv?'~ica»i Bee Jmvrtm^. TAKE NOTICE! BEFORE placing your orders for SUP- PLIES, write for prices on 1-Piece Bass- wood Sections, Bee-Hives, Shipping -Cratee, Frames. Foundation, Smokers, etc. PAGE & LYON MFG. CO. NEW LONDON, WIS. MentiOTi tf)^ Amier^con Bee Jc/wmar,, READERS Of tills Journal wbo wrrite to any of oni ndvertlsers, either In ordering, or asking about tbe Good« offered, \^I1 please state that tbey sa^v •be AdTerUsement In tbis paper. Proraptness Is What Counts ! Honey-Jars. Shipping-Capes, and every- thing' that bee-keepers use. Itoot's GoodN at Koot^H Price»>^ and the best shipping- point in the country. Dealer in Honey and Beeswax. Cata- r6rnastAv..Wiilt(TS.Pouder INDIANAPOLIS. IND. Mention tlie Amcrio- le i dishes, no mu'i'* Washes, nces dries and li he^ quickly. il 1h of best raa- tf riul lasts Q life- tiruH Sellctsight. A^eiit'' women or men of honor de- siring employ- ment may haven payinu business by writing now , for descriptive circulars and terms to agents. ^The QUAKER NOVELTY CO., Salem, 0. ■WANTED. To purchase Colonies of Live Bees. Address, L,I.O¥D BROS., Cincinnati, Ohio. Mcnt^jm the AmerteanBee Journal 39A2t i _-. t::^'"^'^""' _: " 1 5- CjZZZ _]_]_ 1 . 1 L ^ T "^ ' ^ . , . , , 1 .1 E'^ ~ -^ — — 3 — — ^ . • : =£3- =: :=z • sJ U^t S^ Es; >©Kg ^^ss M m m NOTICE. We have not yet advanced the price of our goods, PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich. Select Tested Italian dueens Friends, I will have '^00 Select Tested Queens lor sale Sept. 1. iit $1.00 each or $10.00 per dozen. Untested. 50 rents each, or $.). 00 per dozen. Tested Queens 7.t cents each, or $6.00 per dozen, either Golden Halians or Imported stock at same p ice. .'^afe arrival and satis- lactlon guaranteed. Address. F. A. CKOWEL.L., 31Atf GKANGER. MINN. MetitL07i theAnicrwan BeeJoximaZo IT'S RELIABLE^ :<^.1^. The Best and Cheapest Mill oil Kartii. Fully >-^ - ^ .-^ warranted Will notj^ ^ "VV^ ^* choke. Write at^/^Cj '^^ grinds once for nricesy^^ _-^>^more gr^in anil Airency. ^S^ j^^jT *os"y^eeree Piiceslowest^^^l^ ■» t"!^^®^ fineness than Quality bestjiiv^> •4/*^rfr ""5* otiier mill. ^fy j^^^^Corn, earorsheUed, >%"V V^r Oats. Wheat. Ac. tine ^ ^r enough for any purpose. 1 ' -'T.'S-^^nfc., Made only by r^ a^ JOLIETSTROff BRIDGE CO. /^.-^ - ijW JOLIET, ILL., 5^ •^/ ^"'\^?^^*^ Joljbers and Maunfactur. '' -^ — »' ./-^iara- =. g^s of Farm Machinery, Cirriaftes Wacons.Wind- lls.llicycles.IIarness ic ._/^!^: ^•■^•••-^•••« -1/«n(ion »i« jlJTwncon Bee Journal. 34A26 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 627 Book Premiums for Getting New Subscribers For each Xew Subscriber t(i the American Bee Journal sent us liy a present subscriber, we will give as a Premium 30 ccnl»' ivorlli of the Books, Pamphlets, etc.. described on tins page — figuring on the rclail price given in connection with each book, etc., below. This is a very easy way to get a lot of most excellent literature. Free Copy of " BEES AND HONEY " to Every New Subscriber. Yes, in addition to the above ofl'er, we will mail free a copy of Newman's lOO-page ■' Bees and Ilonev" —premium edition — to each new subscrilior. On new subscriptions, "the .fl.OO will p.iy for the Bee -Journal from the time it is received lo llic ciicl of 1S96. NOW IS JUST THE TIME to work for big lists of New Subscribers. Tlie Aineiicaii Bee Journal List Should Easily He DOUKLED by Jan. 1st, on these Liberal Mm. BEE-BOOKS SENT POSTPAID BV Georsre W. York & Co., Chicago, Ills. Bees and Honey, or Management of an Apiary for Pleasure and Front, by Thoiuas G. Newman.— Thts edition has been largely rewritten, tborouf^hly revised, and Is " fully up with the times " in nil the Improvements and Inventiotis In this rapldly-devel- oplDg^ pursuit, and presents the apiarist with everythluj:,' tliat can aid In the successful manatie- ment of an apiary, and at the same time produce the most honey In an attractive condition. It con- tains 2o0 pa^es, and 245 Illustrations— is beautifully printed in the hltrliestBtyle of tlie art, and bound In cloth, gold-lettered. Price. Sl.OU. I^ani^stroth on the Soney'Bee, revised by Dadaut— This classic in bee-culture, has been entirely re- written, and Is fully H lust rated. It treats of everytliin^' relatlnj; to bees and bee-keep- ing. No apiarian library Is complete without this standard woik by Kev. L. L. Jjangstroth — the Father of American Bee-Culture. It has 520 pages; bound lu cloth. Price. $i.4U. Bee-K-eepers' Oulde, or Manual of the Apiary, by Pruf A. J Cook, of the Michigan Agri- cultural College.— This book Is nut only Instructive and helpful as a guide In beekeeping, hut is Interesting and thoroughly practical and sclenilflc. Itconialnsa full dtillneatlon of theanatomy and physiology of bees. Am pages ; bound In cloth and fully illustrated. Price. Scientific Qtieen-Reurlngr, as Practically Applied, by G. JNI. Doolittle.— A method by which the very best of t^'neen-Bees are reared In "perfect accord with Nature's way. 17'! pages, bound la cloth, and Illustrated. Price. $1.00. A B C or Bee-Cnlture, by A. I. Root.— A cyclop;edia of 4U0 pages, describing everything pertalningio thecare of the huney-bees. It con- tains 3UJ engravings. It was written especially for beginners Bound In cloth. Price, $1.25. Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.— The author of tills work Is too well known to need further description of his book. He Is a practical and entertaining writer. You should read his book. 9U pages, bound In paper, and Illustrated. Price. 50 cts. Bational Bee-K.eeplnff, by Dr. John Dzlerzon —This is a translation of his latest German book on bee-culture. It has asO pages: bound In cloth- $1.25; in paper covers. $1.00 Blenen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newnan.— This Is a German translation of theprlnclpri por- tion of the book called BKiis OF HoNEV. 10, page pamphlet. Price. 40 cents. Convention Hand-Book, for Bee-Keepers. Thomas G. Newman.- It contains the parliamen- tary law and rules of order for Bee-Conpentlons— also Constitution and By-Laws, with subjects for discussion, etc. Cloth, gold-lettered. Price. 25 cts. Anierikani$if'lie Bienenziiolit, by Hans Buschbauer.— Printed in German. A ban(^-book on bee-keeping, wiving the methods in use by the best American ahd German apiarists. Illustrated; 138 pages. Price. $i.no Tliirly Vear« Amoiis the Bees, by Henry Alley.— Gives the results of over a quarter- century's experience in rearing queen-beps. Very latest workof the kind. Nearly lOo pages. Price, sue. Wliy KhI Honey '-Thi^^ Leaflet is intend- ed for KRKE distribution, to create a Local Market. lOo copies, by mail. 4n cts.: .^ixt lor j;i..5ii; iniHt, ^2 50. C^" If ^i^i^ or more are ordered at one time, your name and address will be printed on them FliEE. Hoiv to Keep Honey and prpserve its richness and flavor. Price same as Why Eat Honey. Apiary Resisier, bv Thos. G Newman — Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather binding. Price, forsu colonies, ti.oo; for kkj colonies. $l.:25. Praclical Hints to B^e-Keepere. by Chas. K. Muth.— Dc-cribes his methods of keeping bees and treating Foul Brood. Price, 10 cts. Preparation of Honey for the Market, includlug the production and care of comb aad extracted honey. A chapter from Bees and Honey. Price. 10 cents. Bee-Pas(ura(;e a Necessity. — This book sug E:ests what and how to plan li Is a chapter fron Beks AND HoxEV. Price. 10 cents. SwarinlnBT, Divldiu^ and FeedinRr.— Hints to beginners lu apiculture. A chapter from BEES AXi> HoxBV. Price, o cents. Bees In TViuter, ChalT-Packlng. Bee Houses and Cellars. This Is a chapter from Bees aso HoxEV. Price. 5 cents The Hive I E'se, by G. M. Doolittle. It details his management of bees, and methods of producing comb houey. Price, 5 cents. ■*r. Ho%Tar.\'l'10i\ as follows : 10 lbs. Heavy or Medium Brood Fdn.$3.50 10 lbs. Li bt •• 3.60 10 lbs Thin Surplus Foundation. .. 4.00 10 lbs. Extra-Thin Surplus Fdn 4,50 No orders will be accepted at these prices from persons living east of New Yorlt State. For BEESWAX -fair quality, delivered here, 27c. cash; 2!Jc. in trade. W.J. Finch,Jr.,Springfield, 111 28A13 Mention Ih American Bee jimrncu. Woodcliff Queens. I will send a Guaranteed .i-Baiidcd Yellow Queen, bred Irom a Breeder selected from 1000 Queens isome producing over 400 lbs. of honey to Ihecolonyi: or a 3-Banded Italian Leather-Colo'-ed Queen direct from a Breeder Imported Irom Italy. Oct. '!I4— at 7of., and a special low price lor a quantiiy. My secret is to sel an extra-large amount, which enables me to sell at low prices Will run ihi> spr ug 350 Nuclei— have 1 home and 4 out apiaries. No Queens superior to my Strain. ^T" Send for Descriptive Catalogue and Testimonials, to Wm. a. Selser. Wvncote. Pa. In rc8poii§c to many inqui- ries I will renew my special offer for a sliort lime only : - Five " SI. Joe " Hives, l>|-Slory, ciil ready lo nail — no sec- lions— lor $3.50 lo any one who lias never liaci a cralc of tlivse Hives. I sell Dadanl's Foundation al Iheir prices ; pay CASH for BEESWAX, and keep a stock of Shipping-Crates and Other Bee-Snpplies. SPECIAL, PRICES tlic rest of the season. Write and say what yon want. EMERSON T. ABBOTT, When Answering this AovERTisEMeriT. MEtxioN this jouhnac- SIT J OS E P H M O Queenless Colonies Are often found at this time of the j ear If they are looked for, and the sooner they are su plied with Queens the better, _ It yon want Queens for this, or any ether purpose, and w.-int them guick, send your order to me and it. will be filled bf relurn mail. My Queens are hright, young Tested Queens, and I seU them at .$1 ,00 ea.:h or six for $,1.00, sate arrival guaranteed. The Review and one Queen for $1 50, The 50-i't book. Advanced Bee-Culture, and one Queen for $1.25. The Heview, book and Queen tor $! 00, "W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. PATENT WIRED COMB FODRDATIOR Has No Sag in Brood-Frames Thin Flat-Bottom Foimdatiou Has IVo FistibODe iu tb« Sarplas iloiiej^. BeiDK the cleanest Is aeually worked the quickest of any Foundation made J, VAN DEIJSBN A: SONS, Sole Manufacturers. Sprout Brnok iMonlffomery ro.. N. Y. Mention the A.merlc-an Bee Jownial. Discount— 5 to 10 Per Cent. BEES & SUPPLIES Wax Wanted. I. J. STKlIKOIIAin, 105 Park Place, NEW TOKK, N. T. Mention uie Anwrican Bee Joivrmai- Don't Fail to Read tlie liberal Preniiiini Offers on Paplie*, Iiaiig»lrotli Kevised, etc. CHAS. DADANT & SON, Mevtwn the American Bee journa,. HAMTLTON, Hancock Co., ILL.. IT TELLS ITS OWN STORY ! We are receiving hundreds of Testimonials speaking of the Higrfa Quality of the g 'Ods that are turned out by us : but we have space for and re- produce on the advertising pages of the various bee-periodical.s only a very few. In addition to the one already given recently, here is one that tells its own story: The A. 1. KOOT Co.:— 1 must eomnliment you on the degree of perfeclion to which you have attained in the mac'Ul'ai-tiire ol bee-su|iplies. I have bein. as you may know, in the bee- business for about -JO j ears: and during th .t time 1 have obtained my supplies tro"' many raanulaeturers, north and south, b t have not lound any that would compare lavorably with the goods made and sold by vou. either in quiility of muerial used or in workmanship, so I have settled back permancutly on the A. 1, Koot Co. as my base of supplies. Eddy, lN,Mex. J, Singleton. We are ntaking preparations to nearly double our capacity for turning out goods ; and do you wonder at it after reading such letters as the above ? Send to the A. I, Root Co, for large, illustrated catalog. N, B.— SHIPPING PACKAGES for both comb and extracted honey on hand ready fur prompt shipment. lae7UiontncAllwrlcanBeeJo^^maL Tlie A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, O. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. 35th Year. CHICAGO, ILL., OCT. 3, 1895. No.. 40. Report of the Proceedings OF THE Twenty-Sixth Annual Convention OF THE North American Bee-Reepers' Association, HELD AT TORONTO, Ont., Sept. 4, 5 and 6, 1895. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, SEC. (Continued from page 615.) Xhe First Importation of Italian Bees into America. At this point, Father Langstroth entered the hall, when the members all rose to their feet, and, greeting him with three rousing cheers, remained standing until he had reached his seat on the platform. He very feelingly thanked the con- vention, saying that the respect and good-will of so many good men and women were more to him than gold and silver. He then gave a brief history of the first importation of Italian bees iuto this country. Mr. S. B. Parsons was the man who made the first importation. His bees were brought in the original hives. They had stood the packing on mules' backs and the ocean voyage, and then were badly damaged by being loaded into wagons and driven over rough stone pave- ments. Mr. Parsons knew but little about bee-keeping, and followed the advice of those who told him that bees must be shut in or they would fly away. The hives were put into a shed, and netting put up to keep the bees in. He was told to feed them, and platters filled with sweets were put out, and at- tracted other bees, and robbing was soon the order of the day. Father Langstroth was invited to come and examine the bees. He found them all dead except one queen and a handful of bees. This queen he introduced to a strong colony, and in this manner she was saved. In the second shipment were three lots — one for Mr. Par- sons, one for the Government Patent Office and one for Mr. Mahan. Those for the Patent Office and for Mr. Mahan were all dead, and of the Parsons lot only two queens remained alive. One of these queens was placed in the hands of Mr. Wm. Gary and the other entrusted to Father Langstroth. Mr. Gary was very successful, rearing all the queens for which there was any demand. In those days a black queen and a bright yellow one was seen to hatch from the same comb. The drones were dark and mixed in color. Thinking that they had impure stock, these men went to work to get other stock, but, as Father Langstroth remarked, " We now know that color in queens and drones is not an indication of impurity, but this question is decided by the workers." The first person to think of importing Italian bees was Sato- uel Wagner. He sent for some of them, and money was fur- nished the mate of the vessel to buy feed for them, but he thinks that the mate ate the honey and let the bees starve. Mr. Thos. G. Newman told how well known Mr. Langstroth was in Europe. When Mr. Newman was traveling there in 1879, and told some of the prominent bee-keepers the story of Father Langstroth^how he had been cheated and robbed, and that he was now in need of assistance — those gentlemen went down deep In their pockets and made up a generous purse to send to him. Mr. Newman hoped that we would be none the less generous. ^^-^ Next came an essay by Mr. V. A. Gemniill, of Stratford, Ont., on ■Who Shall Winter Bees in the Cellar; W^ho Out-of-Doors? The above is indeed a poser, and just why I should have been selected to contribute an essay on such a comprehensive subject, rather baffles me. Having, however, undertaken the task, I am, as a matter of course, expected to make some statements, even if they do not harmonize in trjto with the ex- perience of others. The fact is, that seasons, conditions and surroundings really seem to differ, even in the same localities, one year with another, that we frequently find tiiose who at one time strong- ly advocate one particular kind of wintering, changing their methods, and just as strongly recommending and practicing another. Without, therefore, attempting to lay down a gen- eral rule for all to follow, I will take the more discreet plan of asserting, that the safest method for each individual to follow, is the one which, after a thorough trial, has been found most successful with himself. Now, although such advice is both sound and rational, it is nevertheless more applicable to those who are already quite satisfied with the plan they have been following, and who have no intention of again changing. I therefore assume, that some suggestions or reasons are to be outlined, in order to assist those who may yet be in doubt as to what course to pur- sue in the future. As time, labor, and expense, are fractions which, on ac- count of the low price of honey, enter largely into modern api- culture, any method or system which will assist in reducing such to a minimum, by securing the best returns at the least expense, is the method sought for, and the wintering problem in the Northern States and Ganada, may rightfully be consid- ered as the primary one in securing the end in view, as prop- erly wintered bees are, as a matter of fact, a necessity, conse- quently too much experimenting in this direction, especially on a large scale, is to be avoided, except by those who can af- ford to indulge in such a luxury, if such it can be termed. On the other hand, I am not quite certain that the majority of those who practice either one or the .other of the methods herein outlined, are thoroughly satisfied that the acme of per- fection has yet been attained, and as "an open confession is good for the soul," I must also admit my doubts in this respect, but until some more perfect manner is found, we can only con- tinue doing the best we know how, which, even with our pres- ent knowledge, if always properly carried out, would give far more satisfactory results. To those, therefore, who have the facilities for wintering inside — such as a good cellar, or repository built especially for the purpose — and can succeed in bringing the bees through so perfectly that spring packing of the hives is not a necessity, when removed from their winter quarters, on account of the exposed location of the apiary — to those I would say, continue to winter in the cellar. My own experience in this direction so far, has proved that the quality of the stores, in this as with outside wintering, is the first consideration, with the ex- ception that a less quantity will suffice, with a still less neces- sity of it being concentrated in one particular portion of the hive. The humidity of the repository is not to be ignored, al- though dampness is not detrimental, if the other conditions 630 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Oct. S, are favorable, such as a uearly uniform temperature, with a sufficient quantity of pure air, accessible at all times, in such a manner as not to disturb the occupants of the hives. As to what should be the temperature, this can best be decided upon by studying the point at which the bees are best behaved, a damp cellar naturally requiring a higher temperature than a dry one. Pure air can be supplied either through sub-earth pipes, or by allowing it first to enter an outer repository, and afterwards allowed to find its way in, when not too cold to produce disturbance and in order to remove the foul air, a small tin pipe may come within three or four inches of the floor, and attached to a stove-pipe overhead, or direct commu- nication may be given through an opening in the chimney bot- tom, providing it extends sufficiently low down in the cellar. There are, however, many cellars which admit pure air in suf- ficent quantity, that no other provision need be made for such. As to what preparation the hives themselves should have on going in and after being stored, possibly ihe most general one is to remove the propolized quilt, and placing thereon another new one, covered in some instances with a cushion of some porous or absorbing material, and the ordinary summer entrance left open at the bottom; still, this is not necessary, nor in all cases desirable, as success is attained by leaving the propolized quilt on as in summer, and as often, if not oftener, by simply leaving the ordinary wood cover on the hive and giving all the ventilation at the bottom — by either raising the front of the hive from the bottom-board, say three or four inches, or, in fact, removing the bottom-board altogether. The above system certainly has the advantage over out- side wintering, in that less material is required, and less labor needed to secure the object sought for, although at present circumstances do not permit it being carried out. And now, to those who, from necessity, or others, again, who from choice, prefer to winter bees out-of-doors, a few concluding retnarks may not be out of place, if indeed not act- ually hoped for, even from this now already too lengthy arti- cle. First of all, then, outside cases are of course indispensa- ble, and there being so many different kinds in vogue, I am at a loss which to recommend, as however cheapness combined with utility is essential ; possibly one that will contain two or more colonies, and made of plain, unpainted, rough boards, will, on account of to some extent utilizing the combined heat of the bees, prove as satisfactory as any other, especially if a large amount of packing is used; yet, I am not by any means satisfied from my own experiments, as also those of others of late years, that this arrangement is superior, or even as good, as if a less quantity of packing is used (say two inches), with a separate case for each and painted a dark red color, with no upward ventilation whatever, so that at times the advantages of solar heat absorbed from the sun's rays might assist in rousing up the bees and thus dispelling the accumulated mois- ture through the entrance instead of allowing it to pass out at the top, through the porus packing, in which much of the natural heat generated by the bees is almost lost. This 1 trust may be profitably discussed at this meeting, although it may not appear to some a part and parcel of my article proper. In order, therefore, to be brief, I need only further add that the quality of the stores as well as the position in the hive, which they occupy, is far more requisite in this than in cellar-wintering; and while I have no desire or motive in at- tempting to appear eccentric, I will state that bees that are well crowded on combs of sealed stores, with little or no empty comb on which to cluster, have always wintered exceed- ingly well with me, as well as with others in Canada, notably Mr. Wm. McEvoy, who is a strong advocate of having the "constitutional condition "of the hive, as he is pleased to term it, just so; that I prefer a hive well packed with bees, and 25 or 30 pounds of well ripened sealed stores on the ap- proach of winter, even if the hive be made small for the pur- pose, and again enlarged in spring when required. Nothing further remains except that a two-inch rim may, if one chooses, be added under the hives ; this I have found nol; an important factor, if the entrance proper is not allowed to become too long obstructed by snow, ice or dead bees; and, lastly, a caution that the hives are not permitted to become completely covered over with snow, which, if allowed to re- main too long, results as a rule in no good to the colony. Hav- ing done this, and complied with the requisites regarding up- ward ventilation, through from six to eight inches of chaff or forest leaves, (the same material being used for packing the sides), with an entrance of about four inches long by ^i inch high, little, if indeed anything, more can be done in order to reasonably succeed in this particular branch of apiculture. I do know that success has attended ray efforts in the past by the above system, yet I at the same time have succeeded in very cold winters, such as the past, by allowing no upward ventilation whatever, and giving a generous^yes, even large — amount of lower ventilation ; the latter plan, however, does require that the other proper conditions are more strictly ad- hered to. It is almost unnecessary to still further add, that there is with apiculture quite a sufficiency of uncertainly to cause those who intend following it to be timely and orderly in doing what ought to be done, as a laggard is not any more likely to succeed in this work, if as much so, as in any other pursuit; while those will best succeed who aside from the dollars-and- cents point of view have a real love for the calling, and who also possess common-sense in sufficient quantity not to be carried away with the idea that bees always " work for noth- ing and board themselves," without some consideration from the apiarist. F. A. Gemmill. Mr. Gemmill's essay was then discussed as follows: S. T. Pettit — Why must a damp cellar have a high tem- perature ? Mr. Gemmill — I have found it necessary. Pres. Holtermann — I think that we often make a mistake in thinking a cellar damp unless it is tested with a wet and dry bulb thermometer, Wra. McEvoy — Crowd the bees dowu on solid combs of honey, then there is no chance for the queen to lay until toward spring. Dr. Mason — Why does Messrs. Hall and Pettit raise one end of the hive 1 Mr. Pettit — To be sure there is plenty of circulation. Mr. Hall — Mr. Pettit is correct ; but that isn't why I do it. My object is to get rid of mouldy comb and dead bees. Mr. Pettit — For some reason I can get better results by using bottom-boards. The convention then adjourned until 2 p.m. (Continued on page 645.) Coj;)tnbuted Abides. On Important Apiarian Sub^eots. Section Honey Production and Swarming. BT G. M. DOOLITTLE. My excuse for writing this article at this time, instead of for the month of June, lies in the fact that a bee-keeper from one of the Western States is considerably agitated over the re- sult of the past season, and requests me to write an article on the above subject for the American Bee Journal as soon as possible. He writes that he has had no trouble in following the ideas I have sometimes advanced in regard to spreading the brood, which some of our bee-friends seem to think as mis- leading to the bee-keeping fraternity as a whole, for there was no trouble in getting the hives filled with brood and bees by the time the honey harvest arrived by using the plan ; but the trouble was, that when the hives were thus filled and the flow of honey occurred, excessive swarming was sure to result, which gave a loss in honey and often in queens, owing to the fact that the queens were not allowed to go with the swarms. Swarming, when working for section honey, cannot very well be avoided, or at least bee-keepers have not been very successful in avoiding it, without sacrificing a large amount of the honey crop. In fact, so far, it would seem better to have excessive swarming than to try to hinder it altogether by any of the plans so far given to the public, for by any of these, where the ordinary hive is used, the bees are so thrown out of their normal condition that they will not work to their best advantage. Again, I think that a mistaken idea prevails with some, in thinking that the brood-chambers must be kept full of brood the whole season through. This is not the secret of the suc- cessful honey-production, but it lies in having the brood-cham- ber filled with brood before it is filled with honey. Thus doing we get the laborers for the first harvest, and, so far as my knowledge extends, when the brood-chamber is thus filled when honey harvest commences, there will be bees enough reared for all practical purposes after this, even though the combs may be filled, later on, two-thirds full of honey. There are two plans, or ways of management, which can be used successfully during the swarming season. In this locality, and if I lived in any of the Western States I would try them there, and then, if they did not work, I would study out something else. And right here I wish to say that there 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 631 is too much blind following of those who write for the bee- papers, amongst the rank and file of bee-keepers, without try- ing to originate some thoughts and plans of their own, and something that is just suited to the locality in which they find themselves. Every person having bees, or, for that matter, anyone following any pursuit in life, should have some thoughts of. his own — thoughts which will lead him out in all directions from the beaten path of those gone on before, and in this way help to lift up the avocation which we have chosen, to a higher plane. We should not be a machine, but the -master of a machine, or of anything else we may take hold of. So, when we find ourselves confronted with the swarming problem, or any other, we should master it, if it "takes all summer," and do it by our own planning, or the modifying of some plan that we have read or heard about. In this way we will grow, and by telling others how we do it, through some of the mediums which we have for the exchange of thought to- day, we will help some one else to grow, and thus we shall be of mutual benefit to each other, just as the All-Wise Father designed we should be, and be lifting this old world up to where God designed it to stand — to where His will should be "done in earth as it is in heaven." But to return. When a swarm issues, and while it is out in the air or clustered, go to the hive from which it came, and take out all the frames of brood and put in their places frames of empty comb, frames filled with foundation, or frames having starters In them, as is best pleasing to you, returning the surplus arrangement on the hive as it was before, and if the swarm is a large one, it is well to give additional room by way of another set of sections. When this is done, hive the swarm back in the same hive, or let it return if the queen has her wing clipped. Set tiie frames of brood, with the adhering bees, in a hive on a new stand and in 24 hours give a maturing queen-cell or a queen, according to what you can supply. This should sat- isfy any colony, but if the swarm on the old stand should per- sist in swarming in from ten days to two weeks, then I would cage the queen for a few days, according to circumstances, when she is to be released, after cutting all queen-cells. This is on the plan of doubling our colonies each year. If I wished no increase, then I would put on a queen-ex- cluder after putting in the frames below, and on top of this I would place the hive containing the frames of brood (which was to be set on a new stand in the plan given above) while on top of this last I would put the surplus arrangement that was on the hive when the swarm issued. This should do away with all further swarming, but it results in filling these combs which now have the brood in them, with honey, which must be extracted, while it lessens our crop of section honey just that much. Where any can make it pay to feed back ex- tracted honey to have it stored in sections, as some claim they can, then the amount of section honey need not be materially lessened ; or, if we live in a locality where our bees are liable to be short of stores in the fall, these frames of honey would be just the thing to give the bees to winter upon. Being sure of plenty of stores to winter on each year is one of the things which gives pleasure to most bee-keepers, for the having of nearly empty combs with winter staring the bees in the face is something not enjoyable to any apiculturist. Borodino, N. Y. Some Experieuces with Large Hives. BY BEV. L. L. LANGSTROTH. Some years before my health, and the death of my son in 1872, compelled me to dispose of my apiary, I had a dozen Langstroth hives made, each containing 13 frames in the lower story. The supers held some 18 frames. These hives were used mainly for extracting. I liked them better than the 10-frame hives. They were sold to Mr. Wm. McCord, my next door neighbor, the bees having been removed from them. These extra-large hives remained in constant use by Mr. McCord until his death, less than a year ago. During all this time I had many opportunities to examine them, and I was satisfied that they were more profitable on the average than the 10-frame hive, which out-numbered them in his apiary. I used them only one season for comb honey. The honey crop that year was a poor one, but if it had been a good one, I do not think that I should have liked them for comb honey, and I did not use them long enough for extracting to fully establish their superiority over the smaller size. Eleven of the frames were usually well filled with brood by the time when the honey harvest began. Mr. Wm. McCord was a very cautious bee-keeper. He seldom extracted from the lower story, and in a fair season he usually had more honey below than he needed for safe wintering, and he often nsed this surplus to supply such of his colonies in 10-frame hives as were deficient in stores. His brother David, who lived next to him, was also a skill- ful bee-keeper, and usually had many more colonies than William — all of which were kept in smaller hives — some hold- ing ten and some nine frames. I left Oxford, Ohio, in 1887, andgenerally, either by visits or letters, knew how the McCord bees prospered. I was so well persuaded that the large hives were more profitable, in Oxford, for extracted honey, that just before my last spell of head trouble I purchased two of these large hives well stocked with bees, for my own use, to be kept in the apiary of a Day- ton friend. McCord did not wish to part with them, and charged a proportionate price for them. I give these facts for what they are worth, and by no means as settling the question so much argued, as to the proper size of hives. Dayton, Ohio, Sept. 19, 1895. What Dr. Miller Thinks. Dadant's Hives. — On page 607, R. Dart says I'm trying to poke fun at everybody. Now just to pay you for saying that, Bro. Dart, I'm going to poke fun at you for saying that Dadant uses the 10-frame hive. Why, bless your heart ! a 10-frame hive would not begin to do him. He uses the Quinby frame, and it would take at least a 12-frame hive of Lang- stroth pattern to equal his hives in capacity. In the discus- sion as to 8 and 10 frame hives, the Dadants have had very little to say, for they are both too small. I hereby challenge them to show cause why they should use hives of such unrea- sonable size, under penalty of being shipped back to France should they fail. Pbesekving Combs From Moths. — Dr. Gallup says on page 599: " Now if anyone has a better method than the above to preserve combs from the moth, trot it out." Well, Doctor, in most cases it's a better plan to leave them in the care of the bees. Unless the number of idle combs greatly ex- ceeds the number of those needed by the bees, they can easily take care of them at any time when it is warm enough for the moth to do harm, unless it be during the honey harvest when working for comb honey. But at that time one will not have long to wait to have them all in use for swarms or nuclei. J. B. Hall and Thick Top-Babs. — I'm glad to see that the Canadians have put at the head of the Ontario Associa- tion that very practical bee-keeper, J. B. Hall. When the North American met at Toronto twelve years ago, Mr. Hall had very little to say in the convention, but at the Pair, where he had some exhibits, I had a really good visit with him, and it was then that for the first time I saw his top-bars one inch thick. Thick top-bars have become popular since then, and I'd very much like to know where Mr. Hall first got the idea, or whether he made it up out of his own head. He's such a turtle in his shell that it's hard to get him to say anything in print, but perhaps if I should call him names and get him mad he might tell. Say, you Canuck I you Johnny Bull I you're no better than you ought to be. Stick your head out of your shell long enough for me to get a crack at you, and own up from whom you stole the Idea of a thick top-bar. One Bke-Book or More? — I've just a little doubt as to the wisdom of throwing about promiscuously the advice of Bro. Abbott on page 602. He is sure that beginners should not have more than one good bee-book or paper, as more would only confuse. I know there's something in the fact that if one had a bee-book that gave specific instruction for a certain course of action, it would be less confusing than to have another whose teachings should conflict. If there is no con- flict of teaching, then certainly there is an advantage in hav- ing more than one book, for tlie same thing being presented with a different wording might be a little more easily under- stood than with only one presentation. But suppose there is conflict. In that case the supposition is that at the point of conflict one book is better than the other. If the beginner can be sure that he has the book that is best at all points of conflict, then he would better have only one, so far as that is concerned. But one book may be best at one point and the other at another, so to get what is best at all points he needs more than one. If the beginner is ever to have more than one book, he must use his judgment in deciding what is best for himself, and it may be as well for him to begin using that judgment at the start. With regard to the bee-paper, I don't see the least reason 632 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Oct. o. why the beginner should confine himself to one, even if the reason for having only one book should be considered conclu- sive. For he will find all the divergence of views in any one of the papers that he will find in all. Is Swarming Dk.sirablk?— Years ago it was a matter of congratulation to have many swarms. At present most bee- keepers would rather not have many, and on page 600 James Cormac says : "All admit that if swarming could be prevented entirely, much more honey could be obtained." But in the next paragraph he says swarming ought to be encouraged. Some explanation should be given for this apparent conflict of opinion, for the beginner will probably ask, "If more honey can be obtained without swarming, why should swarming be encouraged ? " Marengo, III. Sugar for Winter Stores — Feeders and Feeding. BY C. DAVENPOET. I wish to apologize to Gleaner for not answering the questions he asked me some time ago. But the fact-«is, I did not know as much about sugar as he, and I also wanted to know. Since then I have been trying to find out some things about sugar, but as yet about the only thing I have been able to discover is that I do not know as much about sugar as I thought I did. Bulletin No. 13, from the United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Chemistry, tells us that United States chemists analyzed .500 samples of sugars obtained in the open market and that all were found to be absolutely pure, except that some of the lower grades were found to contain a slight excess of water. I am skeptical about some of the statements in this Bulletin myself. Two years ago I bought a quantity of cheap, very coarse, granulated sugar, which had a some- what blue or greenish color. I thought this might answer for spring feeding, but although at the time bees were flying freely nearly every day, from the very first the bees in all colonies fed with it commenced to die off very rapidly, and later there was a good deal of dead brood in these same colo- nies. I have no doubt that this sugar was adulterated. Take any kind of granulated sugar and make it into a thick syrup, by boiling it, and after it stands for some time it will have a blue or greenish color. This will be more apparent with some brands than others. It is said that this is caused by ultrama- rine, which is used in the refining process. This ultramarine is a deadly poison, but whether there is enough of it in the best brands of granulated sugars to affect the health of bees in localities where they are, or are liable to be, confined for four or five months during the winter, I do not know, but I think there is in some brands. Some report very poor results with sugar for winter stores. In Gleanings, Mr. E. France says that in the fall of 1892 he was obliged to feed 14 barrels of sugar, and that winter he lost 160 colonies. Although he does not say so, I infer from what he does say, that he believed the sugar to have been the main cause of his large loss of bees that winter. Gleaner says that across the seas they claim beet sugar is not suitable for bees. If it is a fact that it is not, it may be the cause of the poor results some have with sugar for winter stores, for there is, I believe, a good deal more beet sugar pro- duced in the United States than is generally supposed ; and I think, without doubt, this is all consumed at home. From re- liable statistics before me, I find that in 1892 there was pro- duced 12,004,838 pounds ; in 1893, there was more than double this amount produced; in 1894, California alone pro- duced 32,788,442 pounds. I have been trying to find out under what name, or brand, this beet sugar is put on the market, but I have been unable to do so. It seems to me it would be a matter worthy the attention of some of the experi- ment stations, to find out how beet sugar is labeled, then pro- cure some and give a number of colonies an exclusive diet of it for winter, and see how it agrees with them. Some time ago, the editor of the Review, in making some comments on an article he copied from the American Bee Journal, among other things said : " I believe every one considers it perfectly legitimate to use sugar in rearing and wintering bees. This means practi- cally the exchanging of so many pounds of sugar for an equal number of pounds of honey." I fully agree with him, but for winter stores it is very im- portant, at least in the Northern and Middle States, to know for certain what is the best sugar, and, if beet sugar is not fit for winter stores, to be able in some way to distinguish it from that which Is made from cane. I have largely used and pre- fer a brand that is labeled thus: "National Standard. Fine Granulated Sugar." Gleaner also wanted to know how I got bees out of the Miller feeders. If I wish to remove a feeder before the feed is all taken out, I treat the feeder the same as a super of honey, and use one of the super-clearers like I have before de- scribed, or any of the bee-escapes I think would work all right. But I do not put any more feed in than I wish the col- ony, over which it is placed, to have, and I generally leave it on until it is all removed. But after the bees have removed all the feed, they will (many of them) stay in the feeder for three or four days, and sometimes, in some cases, much longer. When the feeders are empty it is no trouble for me to get the bees out of them, for in nailing these feeders I do not nail either of the two boards — the two that have the strip of wire cloth on the bottom — fast to the feeder. I nail them fast to the board that covers them. This then makes a long, narrow box without ends or bottom. This can be removed from the feeder in an instant, and any bees that are on it or the rest of the feeder, can then be shaken off in front of their hive. I drive a couple of small nails in each end of the feeder outside of these loose boards, which keep them from moving too far to either side. I do not use any wire-cloth on the bottom of these boards. If the outside of each board next to the bottom is shaved down thin, and a few small notches cut on the under- side, there is no need of it. There is another advantage in having these boards loose. When a feeder gets to leaking, it is much easier to fix it when these boards can be removed. I will describe another way I made a few of these feeders last spring. It is some more work to make them in this way, but when they are made, in my opinion, they are superior to any feeder that is, or can be, made for feeding a full colony. In making them neither of the three boards I have just mentioned are used, with this exception : The feeder is nailed up in the usual way ; a couple of thin boards are cut so they will fit, but move easily up and down in each feed reservoir. These boards need a cleat nailed on the upper side at each end, to keep them from warping, and also to have a number of small holes cut in them so that the bees can reach the feed underneath. A light frame covered with wire-cloth is hinged to the top of the feeder to prevent bees from flying out when being examined, or when more feed is poured in, which is done by simply pouring it through the wire-cloth into the feed-res- ervoirs beneath. But that loose board in each of them will sometimes get stuck fast to the bottom, and refuse to raise when the feed is poured in. A piece of stiff wire, or a long wire-nail, run through a hole in these boards with the head on the under side of the same, and the other ends allowed to project through the wire-screen above, enough so that one can get hold of it, will overcome this. Of course, in pouring the feed in, some bees will get daubed up with it, but the others will clean them ofl" all right. Bees seem to take the feed from this feeder more readily, especially weak colonies, and all colonies seem to do so in the spring. But for rapid feeding in the fall for winter stores, a large milk-pan, or any tin pan, answers about as well as anything. This can be set in an upper story and covered with cheese- cloth to prevent the bees from drowning. I have used these a good deal, but I had a good deal of trouble with the cheese- cloth part at first, and as some others may have the same ex- perience, I will explain how I fixed it. I used to take a thin piece of board and cut it to fit the bottom of the pan to be used ; punch a lot of small holes in it, then tack the cheese-cloth around the edge of it; no matter how flaring the pan used, or whether the board is anywhere near the fit, if it is some smaller than the bottom of the pan it will work all right. Of course, enough cheese-cloth should be used to reach to the bottom of the pan on the outside, as it is hard for bees to walk up on tin. I believe some say that when bees are fed sugar syrup for winter, that it is better if they do not store it too fast ; and that sugar syrup stored by bees tastes much more like honey if it is stored slowly. This may be so, but I cannot see why it should make any difl'erence in either case. If it is stored rap- idly, more bees store it ; when it is stored slowly, only a few bees work at it, which I believe is always the case where it is stored slowly. I do not believe these few bees add any more acid to it, or retain it any longer than each one would, if there were enough to do the work rapidly. I can understand that if the syrup was fed thick or thin it might make a considerable difference in either case. Southern Minnesota. Every Present Sutoscriber of the Bee Journal should be an agent for it, and get all others possible to sub- scribe for it. See offers on page 642. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 633 CONDUCTED BY Re\'. Emerson T. Abbott, St. Joseph, Ato. Controlling S'warms. — "I want a system of man- agement that will keep the full working-force of the colony together during the entire honey-flow unless I want to increase my colonies by taking a prime swarm from each colony. If I want no increase I prevent swarming by raising all the sealed brood above the queen-excluder and confine the queen below the excluder. If I want the prime swarm, I let them come, hive them on the old stand, remove the parent colony to a new location, after shaking enough bees from the combs to prevent after-swarms. There is no use of any fuss about it. After the old hive has set by the side of the new one a few days, shake the bees off of all the combs except one that has a good queen-cell on it, and move the old hive to a new location, and rest easy. There will be no after-swarm." — G. W. Demaree, in Canadian Bee Journal. It seems to me that Mr. Demaree has embodied a good deal of information, which is valuable to the beginner, in a short paragraph. I have found that it is very hard to get the beginner to see the importance of "keeping the full working- force of the colony together during the entire honey-flow." They nearly all seem to think that the more colonies of bees they have the more honey they will get, and it is very hard to make them understand why it is that a good, strong colony of workers will gather a surplus of 50 to 75 pounds of honey, when if they had been divided, and two colonies made out of them, they would probably not have given their owner any surplus honey at all. The beginner to too apt not to take into consideration the strength of the colony, and argue that if one colony will gather 50 pounds of honey, surely two will gather 100 pounds; but they will not, just the same. I think, too, that the suggestion about the prevention of swarming should receive the careful attention of the inexper- ienced bee-keeper. Mr. D's management of a colony which has cast a swarm is one which I can commend, also. That is well put when he says, "There is no use of any fuss about it." Sure enough ! I have often wondered why it v'as that there is so much said about "after-swarms," etc. I have not had a "second swarm " in years, and I am quite sure if the plan suggested above is followed to the letter, not one colony in 500 will throw out an after-swarm. I am equally sure that a colony that has been permitted to follow Nature's course aud swarm, will, if handled in this way, store a great deal more honey than it would if it had not been permitted to swarm in the natural way. ♦-.-*. Do the Bees Open the Queen-Cells?— "From the lower end of this cell (a queen-cell) hangs a lid, which was cut away by the workers to allow the queen to emerge." — Prof. Comstock, in "Manual for the Study of Insects." Is there not some mistake here? I have seen scores of queens cut their way out of their cells, but I liave never seen a worker-bee render any assistance in this operation. Prof. Comstock, unlike many other scientific men who write about bees, seems to have studied them at first hand. That he has made a personal study of the economy of the bee-hive may be inferred from the following : " There is a large literature con- cerning the intelligence of bees, but those who love to see rather than merely think about interesting things will find the keenest pleasure in intimate associations with those little communists." It does not seem that the author of such a sentence would make a mistake about the one mentioned above, tut I am inclined to think that he has failed to make close observation in this case, or else his observation for once must have led him astray. I would be glad to know what has been the observation of others. It is only by the combined testimony of a number of close observers that we can arrive as to what each member of a colony of bees does or does not do. While it has no direct bearing on the above subject, I am constrained to make another quotation from Prof. C's book, as it shows the keen appreciation he has of apiculture and all rural pursuits. " Neat rows of hives on a sunny slope, with an orchard on one side and wide stretching meadows on the other, the busy hum of comers and goers of this city of cities, the odor of honey weighing down every passing breeze — these constitute one of the most home-like possessions of the ideal country- home." These are my sentiments expressed better than I could do it myself. If there is any man on earth who has cause to be happy and contented, it is the farmer who owns his home, with not too much land, and has about him " neat rows of hives;" " wide stretching meadows," (not too wide); lowing kine of some improved breed; sleek and well-kept, fat and prancing horses; with fine sheep, hogs, poultry, etc., and an abundance of all kinds of rich and delicious fruits, which add to his comfort, health and happiness. These with a loving wife and contented children, should fill to the brim the cup of human happiness. I may be permitted to remark just here that all of these may be obtained with much less fret and worry than can a great fortune, or even a competency, in a large city, if one is trained for the duties of farm life from his youth up. A German proverb runs: " Keep plenty of bees and sheep, Then cosily lie down and sleep ! " /Kn}or)Q i1r)c Bee-Papers Gleaned by Dr. Aliller. HE DOESN'T OPEN HIVES. I used to always examine colonies having young queens to see if they had successfully mated and commenced laying. Once in a great while I would find that one was lost and I sup- plied a queen. I don't do this any more. Suppose a queen is lost, the hive, combs and honey (that would have been con- verted into bees) are left, and there is a better chance in the field for the other bees. It is the same with other things. As a rule I don't open a hive unless there are some external indi- cations of trouble, and I am sure that I am the gainer by the practice. — Editor of Review. CAUSE OF QUEENS PIPING. E. E. Hasty says in Review: " Dr. Miller has known an old queen to pipe with no other queen near ; and he suspects fear instead of jealousy as the cause. Perhaps she smells something, who knows ? Say, now, it couldn't have been alchohol or oil of tobacco exuding with her keeper's perspiration, now could it?" That man Hasty will get hurt some day. WAX PKODUCTION. Among the questions in the Australian Bee-Bulletin is the following : " What plan of working would you recommend to increase the production of wax per hive? This question is given on account of the steady rise in value of wax in the European and American markets." ■ Nearly four pages of fine print are given to the discussion of the question, some thinking there's nothing to be gained in that direction, and many being hopeful. AMALGAMATION. Dr. A. B. Mason, in Review, opposes the consolidation of the North American and Union, but in case of such consolida- tion offers the following suggestions that are worth consider- ing : "If a union of the societies is considered advisable would it not be well to adopt the name Bee-Keepers' Union, or the North American Bee-Keeper's Union, and have its officers and board of managers chosen in the same or some similar way as is now done by the Union, and so remove the management of 634 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Oct. 3, its affairs from the control of those who join the organization when a convention is held in their locality ? Then it will not matter in what part of North America one lives, he can send his membership fee, and vote, and feel he is doing something towards 'dignifying our profession and maintaining our in- alienable rights,' as Mr. Heddon puts it. Conventions can be held so as to give us a chance to ' see the boys,' and girls, and discuss matters of interest to the fraternity, but leaving the conducting of our legal and Ivindred matters entirely in the hands of the, or a, Board of Managers composed of the best business talent in the fraternity." NUMHERING HIVES. If simply producing honey for market I see but little more use for numbering the hives than in numbering the trees in a sap-bush, the sheep in the pasture, or the trees in an orchard. If I visited an apiary it would be with some definite purpose. If in the early spring to see if any colonies needed feeding by taking combs of honey from those having plenty, 1 should go at the work systematically, and go through the whole apiary and then go home. Numbers would not help. If to put on supers, I should put supers on colonies needing them. Num- bers wouldn't help. If I went to take off honey, numbers wouldn't show me its location. It is the same witii all kinds of work — it should be self-evident. — Review editorial. FEEDING VTATBRMELONS TO BEES. The editor of L'Apicoltore once fed 1,500 watermelons, many of which were unripe (worth in all .'S19.50) to his apiary of 100 colonies, from the middle of August to the end of Sep- tember, when there was an absolute dearth of forage. It would have cost him three times as much to have fed honey or sugar. The bees did well on their food, and even stored a few pounds of surplus, which was of good body, but little colored, and very agreeable in taste. Twenty or more a day were fed, according to size. He does not say whether the bee9 wintered on that food, but it is to be presumed they did, for the next season, though there was a little How of honey, he again fed watermelons ' to complete their winter provision,' from which it would appear that it did not hurt them. Care was taken that the juice they obtained was fresh every day. He noticed that they voided the watery portion during their return to the hive, at a distance of only a few yards from the feeding place. Before feeding the fresh melons, he had tried boiling the pulp with a little water, but the bees took little notice of it. — F. L. Tompson, in Review. C'ALIFORNIAN "BITS OF MECTAR." Notw thstanding the cool May, which lessened the honey crop in Southern California not a little, the harvest the past year has been very satisfactory. We have advices from five counties in Southern California which give a yield of over 100 pounds per colony in large apiaries. Mr. Hubbard, of Riverside, secured the past season a large crop of orange honey. The flavor of this honey is very excellent, and no doubt but that the large orange groves of Southern California will aid much in placing this region where it rightly belongs, at the head of the honey-producing sections of the world. There were two very bright suggestions in the able ad- dress of Mr. Harbison at the San Diego Institute. The fact that many valleys in Southern California are valuable for honey production, and for little else; and that it is easy to secure large areas of black or ball sage at small expense, which he had actually proven by his own experience. The discussion as to the relative merits of large and small hives which has long been going on in the bee-journals, seems as far from settlement as ever. No doubt much depends upon the locality and the kind of honey produced. In regions of great honey-flow and especially in case extracted honey is pro- duced exclusively, large hives will be most in favor; while in working for comb honey, especially in regions of light flow, small hives will doubtless give the best satisfaction. We notice that the bee-escapes which enable the bee- keeper to free the surplus cases of bees without the necessity of brushing them off the combs, are coming into general use. This is not strange, as their use saves a good deal of time. Mr. Dayton, of Florence, suggest another advantage in their use: the bees may be kept in localities where otherwise it would be impossible to place them. Mrs. W. E. Clarke, of Bloomington, has less than 100 colonies of bees and yet she has extracted over 10 tons of honey the past season. This is over 200 pounds per colony, and at five cents per pound would give an average of over $10. The total proceeds from the apiary will be something over .§1,000. Mrs. Clark did all the work herself, in addition to the regular work of the household. Can Florida, or any other State beat this record ? And yet this is not regarded as a first-class year In bee-keeping. — Prof. A. J. Cook, in Rural Californian for September. BLACK vs. YELLOW BEES. Mr. Chambers remarked that breeding for color has ended in failure. To a large extent the working qualities of the bees had largely been sacrificed for the mere idea of prettiness. It had been averred that the black bees were not as good honey-gatherers and were more inclined to swarm than the yel- low race. Mr. Beuhne stated that black bees were quite as industrious as the yellow bees but not so prolific. They were, however, better adapted to stand cold and wet. The hybrid combined most of the desirable points required, being both prolific and hardy. Black bees build better looking comb than Italians. Mr. W. Symes said that his earlier experiences had been with black bees, but he found them subject to foul brood, so much so that he almost despaired of getting rid of it, but since he introduced Italian bees the disease had gradually dis- appeared and now ceased to trouble. Mr. Bolton agreed with the last speaker regarding foul brood. Mr. Russell preferred the hybrid bees. They could be handled easily and quickly, and were not so difficult to get off the combs as the Italian. The black bees were without doubt more liable to disease than Italian or hybrid. Mr. J. T. Adams preferred hybrids for honey-gatherers, but drew the line at the first cross. Mr. Bennett bore evidence to the superior qualities of the yellow bees in resisting disease, giving the result of some ex- perience in endeavoring to Inoculate Italian bees by feeding with honey taken from a foul-broody colony. It was agreed on all hands that the points of excellence in the matter of resisting disease were with yellow race of bees, giving them, therefore, a superior place. — Australian Bee- Bulletin. Soui1r)crt) Ticp^rin)cr)i^ CONDUCTED BY OR. J. P. II. BROWlSr, AUGUSTA., GA. [Please send all questions relating to bee-lteeping In the South direct to Dr. Brown, and he will answer in this department.— Ed. 1 Ten-Frame Hives— IVIaking Comb Foundatioii- Fatlicr Langstrotli. The honey crop is very short in this section. There was but little white clover, and the weather did not permit bees to work to much advantage in the fore part of the season. Old bee-keepers say that they have never known so much swarm- ing. My bees did better in that respect than most others dur- ing the spring, but they made things lively when the swarm- ing-mania struck them, about the middle of summer. Ten-Frame Hives. — Can any one tell the harm that the two outside frames do in a 10-frame hive, even if eight frames are enough for the queen — especially, if the said outside frames are well filled with honey, being mere dummies, thus reducing the working part of the hive to eight frames? The two extra frames of honey are ever standing ready, quietly awaiting the time when they may save the colony from starva- tion during a honey-famine ; and are ever present to encour- age early breeding, by guaranteeing a sufficiency for present needs, and enough to last until the honey-flow. They may cost a few pounds of honey when the swarm is filling the brood-chamber, but is not the moral effect worth the cost ? After the excessive swarming I have just had, I would like to know that every colony had two well-tilled frames of honey in reserve. Home-Made Foundation. — It seems, to judge by the an- swer to query 987, that bee-keepers cannot afford to make their own foundation. Yet, I find It quite convenient to have a mill, and about every other year make up all the wax that I can get hold of, for I cannot afford to muss with a little. I have a Pelham mill, which is so easily worked that the milling of the sheeted wax is a small matter; but I cannot say as much for the dipping of the wax-sheets, for it is one of the 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 635 gummiest, mussiest jobs that a man often gets into. Let the inventive genius find a better way to make wax-sheets, and the answers may, in time, be different. One advantage of owning a mill is, that you learn to care for all scraps of wax, which soon makes a large show. Another is, you will be apt to use more foundation when you have it plenty, and know that you can replace it with cost of wax And some labor. What I have said about sheeting the wax does not apply to narrow foundation for supers, as it can be dipped very well in a gallon tin bucket set in a six-quart bucket with hot water between. I tried that way once when I did' not want to make enough to use a tank, and it was the easiest way I ever made foundation. It is not necessary to have two sizes of mills, as some would have you think ; that is, if you have such a mill as the Pelham, fhat leaves the walls of the cells soft, no mat- ter how close you make the rolls. I have made foundation so thin, on my 10-inch mill, that it cannot be fastened into sec- tions well, which shows that one mill is enough, as it will make from the thickest to the thinnest. It looks odd to me to read of men now making the discov- ery that foundation with thick, soft side-walls can be made on rolls, and that it is best, after having used that very kind of foundation for years. The Life op Father Langstroth. — Our bee-literature will remain incomplete as long as we are without a fair-sized volume giving the life and times of L. L. Langstroth. The biography of that noble man would be read with avidity by the bee-keeping fraternity. His reminiscences published in Gleanings, proved to be rich mental food for his admirers. It is with pleasure that bee-keepers receive the announcement that he will again resume his literary labor. Would it not be a good idea for some of our scribes to secure from him, while he is yet with us, such data as will be needed to complete his biography ? If he should live to complete his reminiscences, so much the better ; if not, it could be completed afterwards. Glenville, Ky. Hugh L. Lynn. [Referring to Mr. Lynn's last paragraph, I may say that I talked with B'ather Langstroth, at Toronto, on that very sub- ject. He promised to prepare such a work as rapidly as pos- sible, and I believe he is writing upon it now. As mentioned on the editorial page of this number. Father L. is now resuming his reminiscent articles in Gleanings, and, by a mutual arrangement, they will also be printed in these columns. All may look forward to something fine, as Father Langstroth is just eager to do his best. He told me he was never better able to use his mind and pen than now.— Editor.] Fertilization of Strawberries. While this topic is up for discussion, it may not be amiss to quote what Chesh- ire says on the subject in his book on "Bees and Bee-Kecping," Vol. I, page 326: "If we look at a strawberry, which is of a similar type to the foregoing (rasp- berry), we find a vast number of (popu- larly) seeds (really ac?ic)wn) studding its surface. Every one of these possessed a style and stigma, and has had pollen conveyed to it by the action of insects, bees mainly. When the bee settles, she, in her circular walk, rubs from her body on to the stigmas, polltn brought from another flower, as in the raspberry, for the stigmas are receptive before the an- thers have begun to dehisce. The fer- tilization, as before, determines nutri- tion to the part, and. the flower-stalk, which forms the strawberry, becomes a luscious parenchyma. But if any stigma remains unpollinated, no development occurs at that spot, and here the straw- berry continues hard, shrunlien and green, even when the fertilized portion is fully ripe. We must all again and again have seen illustrations of this, from which we learn that every straw- berry requires from 100 to 200, or even 300, distinct fertilizations for its per- fect production." Poetry on the Italian Bee. I clip from The Outlook for Aug. 17, a choice poetic effusion on the Italian bee, addressing it " O orange-banded bee !" which, if the author's name had not been appended, I should have been in- clined to attribute to Hon. Eugene Secor. It is worthy of a place in the American Bee Journal, and in that collection of bee-poems which somebody will surely give us in the near future. License of poetry must be allowed here and there, especially in the allusion to the "trem- bling spider," which doesn't tremble worth a cent, but rather chuckles at the hope that the bee's wing may get en- tangled in his "gauzy tunnel," so that he may make a meal of it ! Here is the poem ; APIS MATIXA. O orange-banded bee. Impetuously humming, You bring sweet news to me Of summer coming ! Here in my garden-house, Beside a lilac border, I, like some prisoned mouse, In sick disorder, Bewail the darkened skies. Pray that the flowers smell sweeter, Wish all things otberwise. Slower or fleeter ! You enter with a hum Of warlike trumpets blowing, You lead the mouths that come And chase them going; The trembling spider stares Deep in hid secret funnel. Glad if your rude wing spares His gauzy tunnel. Softly, more softly, friend ! Why such a furious pother ? Let speed and leisure blend, Not slay each other ! So swift your clear wing beats, With hum melodious noising, A floating aureole fleets Around you poising ! And where you hang in air, The dust, the small things under, Whisk swiftly here and there In your soft thunder. O furred and banded bee. So busy, so decorous. Would that my melody Were as sonorous ! Would that my days were spent In making sweet provision ! Would that I came and went With like decision ! Old minstrel, ere you go, To cheer the cheerless weather, Come, let us softly blow One stave together ! -From Arthur C?iristopher Benson's ^'Lyrirs Notes on Bee-Forase. Mr. B. Taylor, on page 540, says that he and "many others in different States" were mistaken in supposing that the hard freezing, late last spring, had de- stroyed the basswood bloom. Many trees on the hills bloomed, and some in low places, where freezing was hardest. I have not seen a basswood bloom the present season, and believe it was all killed along the parallel of 433 jq the Province of Ontario. If there were any favored spots where basswood bloom was found along the parallel named, and north of it, bee-keepers would do well to report the pleasing fact. White clover and Alsike had very small heads which seemed devoid of nectar. Scarcely a bee appeared to be working on them. The Canada thistle, improperly so-called, yielded its usual quota of fragrant nec- tar. It seems to be unaffected by any kind of weather, hot or cold, wet or dry. If it were not such a pesky weed, it would be worth growing as a honey- plant. But as Henry Ward Beecher well observed years ago, whenever we find good use for it and begin to cultivate it, insect foes will attack it, blight or mil- dew will strike it, and it will lose its per- sistent vitality. I cannot tell, for the life of me, what the bees have found to live on in my field the present season. They must have "struck lie" in some unwonted quar- ters. My bees have all "stocked up" sufijciently for winter, except one col- ony which will need feeding. It was weak in early spring and had to be "cod- dled " with sugar syrup. Having a fine queen, it was worth nursing. It is now strong in bees, though short of stores. A few colonies only have given any surplus. Viper's bugloss, referred to in this department on page 459, has picked up wonderfully since the drought was broken, and is taking another fit of blooming. At the date of this writing (Aug. 28) the bees are very busy on it. I sowed a trial patch of Japanese buckwheat this season, which is now getting off bloom, but I have not seen a solitary bee at work on it. The flowers emit no fragrance. What is the matter ? Was my seed spurious ? Or are there different species of the Japanese variety? While the bees avoid my patch, they are busy on an acre of common buckwheat near by. This matter of bee-forage will bear more discussion, and it is to be hoped there may be a more general comparison of notes about it. It is especially desir- able that we should get full reports about crimson clover from localities in which spring sowing of it has been tried. 636 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Oct. 3, Georg-o 11'. YorU, - - Editor. PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, 66 Ftrtb Avenue, - CHICAGO, ILL. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. [Entered at the Post-OSBce at Chicago as Second-Class Ilall-Matter.l Vol. niV. CEICA&O, ILL, OCT. 3, 1895. No, Editorial Budget. R. F. Holterniann, I regret to learn, has been sick with typhoid fever in Montreal, Canada, since the North American convention. A postal card received Sept. 23 said he expected to be at home in Brantford very soon. The con- vention was probably too great a strain upon Bro. H. It cer- tainly was no fun to preside over the last session. Hon. Geo. E. Hilton, oi Fremont, Mich., has re- cently been cont;'ibuting some exceedingly interesting and practical illustrated articles on bees, to the Michigan Farmer. In last Gleanings, Mr. Hilton and his two bright-faced chil- dren are shown, in connection with a biographical sketch principally about Mr. H.'s political career. He is one of the most prominent " bee-keeper legislators " in this country, and has done some excellent work in the Michigan legislature. Bees-wax seems to be in great demand these days. I do not remember the time when there appeared in the Bee Journal so many calls for it as there are just now. It will pay to save up all the cappings, old comb, etc., in the apiary, and turn them into wax. These are " economical times " in which we live, and it behooves every would-be successful bee-keeper or farmer, to see that twlhinq is wasted. Do you know that three or four pounds of good beeswax will about pay a year's subscription to any one of the best bee-papers, nowadays ? Father Langfstroth is again able to use his pen, and on page 631 of this number of the Bee Journal will be found a short article written by him. He expects to continue his interesting reminiscences in Gleanings for October 1, and they will also appear in the American Bee Journal. He had begun them several years ago, but was suddenly prevented from completing them on account of the return of his severe head trouble, which afllicted him until about two mouths ago. He is now quite well again, and is overflowing with reminis- cent facts and incidents. For the New^ Xorth American.— Suggestions are always in order, I believe. On my return trip from the Toronto convention I fell to thinking about the new society to be formed by uniting the North American and the Bee-Keepers' Union. As I gazed out of the car window while speeding along in the beautiful early morning, two ideas came to me, which, if adopted, I believe would contribute a good deal to the future success of the amalgamation. The first was this : Hold the annual meeting at the same time and place the Grand Army of the Republic holds their yearly gathering. This year they met at Louisville, Ky. Next year they go to St. Paul, Minn. Right here some one may ask : " Thought the bee-conven- tion for 1896 was to be held in Nebraska?" Yes, sir, that was the "thought," but there's no use in concealing the fact that unless reduced railroad rates are assured before the meet- ing, there isn't going to be much of a gathering. By not be- ing able to secure the lower rates on the return trip from the Toronto meeting, some one told me it meant a loss of $300 to those present. Now the G. A. R. always succeed in getting the reduced rates — there's no question about it with them — they get it. I believe this year it was only one cent per mile each way. Think of it! That means that the rate from Chi- cago to Toronto (.500 miles) and return would be only SIO, while the regular rate is $22.40 for the round trip. Another may say, "Oh, there's always such a crowd where the G. A. R. meets !" True, but we would stand just as good a chance as they. We could arrange in advance for hotel accommodations and hall, just as we did for the Toronto meeting. Again, many of our bee-keepers are old soldiers, and they could thus " kill two birds with one stone" — could take in both meetings on the one trip. Somehow, I feel that the North American can't afford not to take advantage of this suggestion, if it is ever going to get the attendance it ought to have at Its annual meetings. Suggestion number two is this : It seems to be the desire that membership in the amalgamated society be secured the same as it now is in the Bee-Keepers' Union — a permanent membership ; and that voting, etc., be done by mail. It has also been the dream and hope of some of the leaders in the old North American, that it become a representative body. But nothing very satisfactory has ever been attained along that line. Now my way of making the North American a repre- sentative society is this : For every (say) 50 members in any one State or Province let the society pay the actual railroad expenses of one dele- gate. If a State or Province has 100 members, then two delegates could be selected from their number, and their car- fare be paid by the society. Delegates to conventions would be selected by the membership in each State or Province, a printed list of all the members being mailed to every member of the society at the time of the annual election, and all dele- gates and alternates to be voted for at the same time. Proper voting blanks should be furnished, the same as the Bee-Keep- ers' Union does now. It might be that for every 35 members in a State or Prov- ince, the society could afford to pay the milage for one dele- gate. I merely mention this. Possibly it would be better to say 50 at first, and then later to drop to 25, if it is thought advisable. Or, if a State or Province had only 25 members in the society, then pay half the milage expense of one delegate. If 75 members, then pay all the milage of one delegate, and half of that of a second. I think there would be quite a good deal of rivalry worked up among the States and Provinces if this plan were started. And I firmly believe that very soon nearly every State or Province would be entitled to at least one delegate. Then you'd have the representative society so long hoped for. Of course, the delegates would represent Suites or Provinces, but I've no doubt they'd soon work up State and Provincial organ- izations, and possibly county. But suppose there would be an average of only one delegate from each State or Province, why, that would assure a convention of about 50 of the very best and brightest bee-keepers in the land ! They, with 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 637 others, and the local attendance, would insure a fine meeting every time. Now, I throw out the foregoiuft, first, for the considera- tion of the committee, who have in hand the forming of a basis of union for the two existing societies. Then, if they think well of my suggestions, they could be discussed along with the other matters that will be incorporated into the new constitution, which the aforesaid committee will likely soon submit to the members of both existing societies. The second suggestion I have not given in detail, but suf- ficient, I think, so that those interested will easily see whether or not the idea is practical The Most Promising: Fall is this, says Mr. B. Taylor, of Minnesota, in the Farm, Stock and Home, for Sept. 15. Here is his paragraph referring to it: This is the most promising fall for the apiarist for five years. Honey still continues to come freely, and hives are full of young bees. We will give our colonies the best care this winter, and next spring, in full confidence that they will win- ter well and be ready to gather a big crop of white honey next year. ■«-.-♦ S'weet Clover seems to be causing Somnambulist, of the Progressive, quite a good deal of worry ; or at least the laws ordering its extermination in some States are greatly disturbing the otherwise peaceful slumbers of our beloved Sommy. Never you mind ; when those benighted States come to fully appreciate the true value of sweet clover, they will hasten to repeal such odious laws, and probably offer a generous bounty to those who succeed best in growing sweet clover, which is already such a fine honey-yielder, and seems destined to be a splendid forage-plant for many kinds of farm stock. Our Canadian Friends are very fortunate in two or three things. One of them is in two such noble men (yes, noblemen) as Hon. John Dryden and Pres. Jas. Mills. I must confess that, so far as I know, we over here have no such prominent men in high authority who are so deeply interested in the success of bee-keeping in the United States. Here is what the last Gleanings had to say about Messrs. Dryden and Mills.: Ontario bee-keepers are to be congratulated for the strong and able allies they have in Hon. John Dryden, Minister of Agriculture, and Jas. Mills, President Agricultural College. Their able addresses at Toronto showed their deep interest in our chosen pursuit, and pledged co-operation as they have given it in the past. With such friends in high stations it be- comes an easier matter to obtain government grants to help make an organization of bee-keepers valuable. I think on at least this score, we have good cause to be jealous of our Canadian bee-brethren. But let's all congratu- late them first. They deserve it. Prof. C. V. Riley, for so many years at the head of the entomological department at Washington, died Sept. 14, from the effects of an accidental fall from his bicycle, striking his head upon the street curbstone. Those who attended the World's Fair bee-convention, will remember him, as he there delivered a short address. He also read an essay at the North American convention held in Washington, in 1S92. An ex- change has the following paragraph concerning Mr. Riley's life and work : Prof. Riley was born in London, Sept. tS, 1843, and was educated in Germany. He came to America in 1860, and settled on a farm in Illinois. He served thronghout the war in various regiments. In 186S he became State Entomologist of Missouri, holding it until 1877, when he was appointed Chief of the United States Entomological Commission, under the Department of the Interior, for the purpose of investigat- ing the Rocky mountain locust. He was made Entomologist in the Department of Agriculture in 1878, but soon returned to his work with the Commission, for which he edited and wrote the more important original and practical portions of its four large reports from 1877 to 1886. In 1881 he or- ganized the Entomological Division of the Department of Agriculture, and continued in that position until his retire- ment, about a year ago. He held the office of Curator of In- sects of the United States National Museum, to which he afterwards presented his private collection of more than 115,000 entomological species, including about 15,000 spe- cies. He was the author of various scientific books. Like the great naturalist Agassiz, whom he resembled in many of his personal characteristics, he was a skilled draughtsman, and illustrated his own researches ivith his pencil. Growing' a Business.— A regular income means steady study and systematic work. This publication can send you upon receipt of a self-addressed and stamped envelope (fold the envelope if necessary) information upon how to earn a start and how to earn a stock that will bring you money every week in the year. Address, American Bee Journal, 56 Fifth Ave., Chicago, 111. CONDUCTED BY rtR. C C. MILLER, AIAREHiGO. ILL, [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct.! A Question on Italianizing'. My bees are hybrids, and I want to Italianize them. If I should buy an Italian queen, rear queens from her this fall and mate them to my hybrid drones ; rear queens next spring from my old queen, and mate them to drones from this year's queens, would their progeny be pure Italian ? W. D. C. Answer. — Some think such drones as you speak of are not pure, while excellent authorities insist there is no taint of impurity about them. I'm not going to get a hornet's nest about my ears by saying which is right, but I'll just whisper in your ear that if you follow out the program you have out- lined you will have bees that no one can find anything wrong about. Remember, however, that if there are other bees within two or three miles, drones from them may meet your queens. m I ■ Sowing Alfalfa— Wintering Bees, Etc. 1. When is the best time to sow alfalfa ? 2. How would you advise wintering bees in this latitude — on the summer stands or in a cellar ? 3. Where can I get alfalfa and sweet clover seed? Mayking, Ky. J. J. W. Answers. — 1. Alfalfa is one of the clovers, and although I cannot say positively, I should think it would be well to sow at the same time as red clover. I wouldn't try on too large a scale if you know of no one who has tried it in your locality. 2. I would rather have the advice of those who have win- tered successfully in your immediate locality, but if I couldn't have that I should try wintering on the summer stands. I've some doubt whether any one winters his bees in the cellar in Kentucky, but I will be glad to be corrected if wrong. 3. Prom any of the leading seed firms, or from the A. I. Root Co. m I — ■ aueen-Excluding Honey-Board — Spacing Frames. Do you think it advisable to use a queen-excluding honey- board between the brood-nest and the extracting super or hive? Do you think bees will store as much honey in the upper story as though the queen has free access? I have never used them till this year, on part of my hives, but it rather seems to me that they don't do quite as well as where they are not used, although I have been bothered consider- ably with brood where they are not used, for I never extract any unsealed brood. One thing I noticed a few years ago. I had some bees 638 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Oct. S, die out in the spring, and I set the hives on top of other hives with bees to extract out of, and did not close the entrance, so that left an entrance between the brood-nest and extracting- combs, but they seemed to store more honey above than where there was no entrance between ; so of late years I have mostly left an entrance between them, and certainly believe they store more honey. I see a good deal of argument about the spacing of frames. In the last IS years I have transferred a good many colonies from box-hives to frames, and I invariably found the combs just \}4 inches from center to center, so I concluded the way the bees make it is the correct distance to space frames for brood. I also conclude that a large hive produces the best swarms and most honey, if they have anything like a good Italian queen. O. E. C. Lemoore, Calif. Answer. — I run almost entirely for comb honey, and I have no excluder between the brood-nest and the sections. It isn't needed, for it is a rare thing tnat a queen troubles the sections. But if I were running for extracted honey, I should want excluders. The queen will almost certainly trouble the extracting-combs with brood, and it doesn't do the brood any good to be put through the extractor, neither does it do the honey any good to have brood mixed with it. I am inclined to think that if you watch the matter long enough you will find that passing through the excluder does not perceptibly hinder the bees in their work. I'm not sure whether you are right that bees will store more honey if they have an entrance between the brood-nest and the surplus apartment, but I am inclined to the opinion that it may be a good thing. In hot weather it gives them that much better chance for ventilation. As to the spacing of frames, where bees are left to them- selves, as in box-hives, various distances have been reported, some less than 1% and others more. If you have found them all \% without variation, I think you have found an unusual ut Bearing; Queens. I am at a loss to know what to do with one of my colo- nies. I wanted to increase, so I took a few frames of brood, honey and adhering bees, and put it in an empty hive and then set it in place of the parent hive, expecting them to rear a queen. They started a number of queen-cells, and sealed them. Thiee weeks after, I looked for a queen and eggs, but could not find any. I then gave them another frame of brood; more queen-cells were sealed, and in due time I again exam- ined them ; still no queen. So I gave them a queen and looked at the hive a few days after, and found that fully two- thirds of the bees had swarmed with the queen. What would you advise? j g jj New Orleans, La., Sept. 3. Answer.— If I were sure it wouldn't rouse vour ire, my first bit of advice would be, never again to do such a foolish thing as to throw the whole strength of the colony upon a small amount of brood, intending them to rear a queen, leav- ing the queen with nothing but the young bees. As matters now stand, possibly the best thing is to let the bees entirely alone. Very likely they have a young queen of their own rearing, and in due time will come out all right, only there is danger they may be pretty weak, in which case they would be greatly helped by some sealed brood. Oil Cans and Galvanized-Iron Tanks for Honey. 1. Are galvanized-iron tanks quite all right for keeping extracted honey ? 2. Can empty kerosene oil cans be used as a suitable package for honey ? 3. What is the best method of cleaning kerosene oil tins before using them as honey-packages, if only a small hole (say an inch in diameter) be made to get the oil out ? S. N. Answers.— 1. Last year this matter was pretty fully dis- cussed in Gleanings, and the general testimony was that tanks of galvanized iron were all right. A correspondent from England, however, thought the larvas of a colony had been injured by feeding honey that bad been stored in galvan- ized zinc, althougn the mature bees were not injured. One man thought there was a disagreeable taste to the honey next to the galvanized surface. One or more said they coated the galvanized surface with wax. A sample of honey that had been stored in galvanized iron was forwarded for analysis to the chief chemist at Washington, and he pronounced it all right. 2. Oil cans that previously contained kerosene have been used to a considerable extent in California, but I think it is agreed that it is very bad economy to use them, and better to use new tin, even at the extra expense. 3. I don't know how they are cleaned, and I doubt if you will care to use then after they are cleaned. Liberal Book Premiums are offered on page 642, for the work of getting new subscribers to the Bee Jour- nal. It is a fine chance to get a complete apicultuial library. Think of it — 40 cents' worth of books given to the one send- ing a new subscriber ! Remember, please, that only present subscribers to the Bee Journal can take advantage of that offer. The publishers of the Bee Journal believe in making it an object for the old subscribers to push for new readers among their neighbors and friends, hence the generous pre- lum offers to them. It is hoped that all may begin now to work. Sample copies of the Bee Journal free. Xlie Alsike Clover Leaflet consists of 2 pages, with illustrations, showing the value of Alsike clover, and telling how to grow it. This Leaflet is just the thing to hand to every farmer in your neighborhood. Send to the Bee Jour- nal office for a quantity of them, and see that they are dis- tributed where they will do the most good. Prices, postpaid, are as follows : 50 for 25 cents ; 100 for 40 cents ; or 200 for 70 cents. Xhe nicEvoy Foul Brood Treatment is given in Dr. Howard's pamphlet on " Foul Brood ; Its Natural History and Rational Treatment." It is the latest publication on the subject, and should be in the hands of every bee-keeper. Price, 25 cents ; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year —both for 61.10. > a, O C p D< St: ^ I rj. 71 ^ ^- U 5S J;"'m ^ n rrr. 2 7=o ?-^_ - —on '^ OM n T " ~- S ■o - P g .1 o d'o 5 • ■rot! 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SO png.'^O ~z> o cp"' Ki~ TO?0 «° TOTOO TO 3 => " )JP -J - > * c^ > rS ■1 TO *^> £?•?< §^Eto — — CD t3-a c ^ O.PHS, 3 cc ., "=!'<§ ^Itox TO — — o: El SOS'S 5^**i <^ ?= p —TO TO ? r"-^ TO 00 CD en CD CD cz: TO CciP X- C TO TO ^TO > CD CD GO 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 639 Qei^eral Iterrjs* EverytWng Came Out Right. This is my second year in tbe bee-busi- ness. I had 10 colonies last spring, and have increased to 18, taking 1,000 pounds of comb honey, with a prospect of as much more. Bees came out all right last spring, with plenty of honey. Spring opened early, and they commenced well, but late frosts gave them a great backset, consequently they consumed all the stores they had. and we began to feel " blue," but everything has come out right. This is a great bee-country, as it lies on the banks of the Mississippi river, and the lowlands are covered with untold quantities of wild flowers, such as golden-rod and many other valuable flowers, with consid- erable basswood, sumac and white clover. E. B. Huffman. Homer, Winona Co., Minn., Sept. 13. Belongs to the Mint Family. I enclose a part of a weed or plant that I should like to know the name of, and its value as a honey-plant. The bees are work- ing on it all day, and gather both honey and pollen from it. It grows to the height of about IS inches, and then spreads in a very rank growth, and flowers all the time. James B. Drury. New Orleans, La., Sept. 3. [As near as can be made out from the specimen sent, the plant is Ucimiim Cam- pechUmum, with Basil as the common name. It belongs to the mint family. — Editor.] Two Hives and the Results. Last March I purchased two colonies of Italian bees, one in an S-frame Langstroth hive, and the other in a kind of square hive (doubtless some one's would-be im- provement over the Langstroth). The col- onies seemed about equal in size and strength. They were placed side by side, both having the same chance. Those in the Langstroth hive, up to date, have cast one swarm, and both swarms and colony have together produced eight 24-section surplus cases of honey, while the one in the square hive cast two small swarms, and the three have produced only three surplus cases of honey — two of IS sections, and one of 34 sections. Now, if it isn't the hives that make the difference, what is it ? And if it is the hives, one can easily see which will pay best. Next time I will tell how I watered my bees, and how I got rid of ants, which I thought at one time would carry off hives and all. I would say to those contemplating bee- keeping: First, subscribe for the American Bee Journal ; then start with the Lang- stroth-Simplieity 8-frame hive, and you will be on the road to "the land flowing with milk and honey." J. H. Tichenor. Lynnville, Wis., Aug. 39. A Fine Report from Nebraska. I keep about TOO colonies of bees in four different places. I have had 15 years' ex- perience in Nebraska with bees. I had 75 colonies in my home apiary in the spring, which increased (mostly by natural swarm- ing) to 225—100 of which I sold for ¥500, and I have on hand 135. Our honey-flow is not yet over, but I have in sight -^iiOO worth of comb honey; this is about an annual average in my home apiary, and is a profit of §1,000 on an investment of J500. I have also been renting out 30 farms in four of the best counties in the State, and on account of low prices of grain, my aver- age income from these farms is about .*300 each, after paying taxes, etc. The average value of these farms is ^00 each, so you see I make more profit on an investment of THE "NOVELTY" POCKET-KNIFE! GEO. W. YORK, CHICAGO, ILLS. Yonr Name on tbe Knife.— When ordering, be sure to say just what Name and Address you wish put ®®®®®®®!&i®®®(S>®®®®® ill .iiilii;) JOtntionttie American Bee J. mrnck. THOMPSOW'S ff ROOT BANNER ti UTTER Hand and Power, Cats all kinds of roots and vegetables FOR STOCK FEEDING. Only mr.chinemade with eelf feeder. Warranted to do Perfect Work. Feed left in shape to prevent all dan- ger of choking, Used everywhere. Ci 0. E. Thompson & Son. No. 43 Kiver St., Ypsilanti, Mich. Mention the American Bef Joumaf^ 40E6 LangstrotliTrBlioiiey-Bee -REVISED BY THE DADANTS- This migniflcent classic in bee-literature has been entirely re-written, and is fully Illustra- ted. It treats of everything relating to bees and bee-keepinir. No apiarian library Is com- plete without this standard work by Rev. L. L Langstroth— the Father of American Bee- Culture. It has 520 pages, and is substan- tially bound in cloth. , . .1. Price, postpaid, $1.40; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year— both for$2.1o; or the book free as a premium for sending us 4 New Subscribers to the Bee Journal at $1 each G. W. yOKK & CO., 56 5th Ave., Chicago, HL Bee-Keeper's Guide— see page 640. 640 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Oct. o. THE BEE-KEEPER'S GUIDE: -OK- MANUAL OF THE APIARY. PROF. A. J. COOK. This 15lh and latest edition of Prof. Cook's magtiiflteiit book of 460 pages, in neat and substantial cloth binding, we propose to give away to our present sub- scribers, for the work of getting new subscribers for the American Bee Journal. A description of tlic book here is quite unnecessary — it is simply the most corn- complete scientific and practical bee-book published to-day. Fully illustrated, and all written in the most fascinating style. The author is also too well-known to the whole bee-world to require any introduction. No bee-keeper is fully equipped, or his library complete, without "The Bee-Keeper"s Guide." Read This New Offer. Send us Three New Subscribers to the Bee Journal (with $3.00), and we will mail YOU a copy of Prof. Cook's book free as a premium, and also a copy of the 160-page " Bees and Honey " to each New Subscriber. Prof. Cook's book alone is $1. '25, or we club it with the Bee Journal for a year— both together for $1.75. But surely anybody can gel only 3 new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year, and thus get the book as a premium. Let everybody try for it. We want to give away 1000 copies of this book fay Jan. 1. Will you have one ? GEORGE W. YORK Sc CO., 56 Fiftb Ave., CHICAGO, ILLS. California i^ If you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Paoiflc Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated, $2.40 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL PRE«««, 220 Market St.. - SAN FRANCISCO. CAL. A GIVEN PRESS. T AND LUNG DISEASES, DR. PEIRO, Specialist OfClces: 1019, 100 State St., CHICAGO. Hours 9 to 4. APIARIAN SUPPLIES ^??Lt"l?Ate^- Keeper "—how to manage Bees, etc.— 25 cts. The "Model Coop." for hen and her brood. Wyandotte, Langsbaa and Leghorn Eggs fo) hatching. Cat. free, hut state what you want. J. W. ROUSE &; CO.. Mexico, Mo. WANTED ! 10,000 poiiiid« of RBESWAX, for CaHli. Address, LEAHV IfIF«.CO., Hig^iiisville, No. READERS or tills Journal who write to any of our advertisers, eitlicr iu ordering, or asking about tlie Goods offered, will please state tliat tliey saw tbe Advertisement In tliis paper- Thls celebrated Press for making Comb Foun- dation is acknowledged to make it most ac- ceptable to the l)ecs. I bare one which has been used, but Is in perfect order, The outfit consists of— 1 Given Press with Lever. ll.\16J^ Inches. 4 Dipping-Boards. 10.V16V4. 4 Dipping-Boards. 10x12. 2 Dipping-Boards. 6.vl6V4. 2 Double Boilers for Wax. 1 Book of Dies. 0xl6"/i. 1 Book of Dies, 9x12. Tbe outfit cost over $100, and Is a great bar- gain for any one desiring to make Foundation for personal use. 1 oH'er it lor $50.00, free on board cars here. TIllW fl Wwill-lll 14'South Western Ave. 1 IIUS. W. lltH lllilll, CHlCAtJO, 11,1,. SECTIONS, B EEHilVES. mHIPPli\GGaSES We make a Specialty of these Goods, and defy Competition in G2XJA.3LiIT"5r, "WOK,K:iVrA.lSrSI3:iP and FK,ICEiS. |39f" Write for Free Illustrated Catalogue ami I'riec-List. G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis. I^r Be sure to mention the American Bee Journal when you writc. Beeswax, 22@25c. C. C. C. i Co. PHILADELPHIA, Pa., Aug. 19.-New crop of comb honey is coming iu more freely and generally in good condition. Demand Is now beginning to spring up. New extracted is arriving in a small way. We quote: Fancy comb, 14@15c.: good, 13c.; fair, 9@ lie. Ex- tracted, 4',^@5'/ic. It is hard to get our mar- ket to rally after the bio tv it received iu the spring on discovering such a large amount of beeswax adulterated. We quote pure wax, 22@2oc. W, A. S. ALBANT, N, Y.. Sept. 6.— Honey market opening with good demand. Keceipis lighter so far this year t Iian last, but do not look for higher prices. We quote: White comb, 14® 15c. ; mixed, 13@l4e.: dark, ll@12c. E.y- tracted. white, G!4(§.7i4c.; mixed. 6ia6!4c. ; durk, d%(S)6c. Beeswax, 28@29c. H. R. W. CHICAGO. III.. Sep. 4.— The new crop is coming forward and sells at 15@16c. for best lots; dark grades, 9® 1 2c Extracted ranges from 6{^7c. for white, and 5@5i4c. for colored, flavor and package making difference in price. Beeswax, 27@28c. R. A. B. & Co. BUFFALO. N, Y., Sept. 16.— Light receipts are prevailimr in our market and demand is improving. We quote: Fancy one pound sec- tions, ]5(SilGc.; choice, 13@14c. ; buckwheat, slow sales at 8@ 10c, B. & Co. CINCINNATI, O., Sept. 18.— Demand is very good for all kinds of new honey, while sup- ply is scant. We quote; Comb honej-, 12® 16c.; extracted, 4<§)7e. on arrival. Beeswax is in good demand at 20@25c. for good to choice yellow. C. F. M. & S. CHICAGO, ILL., Aug. 23. — Fancy white comb honey (l-lbs.) in nice, cleau packages sells at 16c.; other grades of while hone.v, 14 @15c.; amber, 13(§il4c. We are having a good trade in extracted hone5% selling light amber and white at 6@7c.; dark, n@5V^c. de- pending on quadty and style of package. Early shipments to market advised so as to permit of sale before cold weather sets in. Beeswax. 28c. S. T. F. & CO. NEW FORK, N. Y.. Sept. 11.— New crop of comb honey is arriving and while the receipts from N. Y. State are light, we are receiving large quantities from California. Had two cars of choice comb and have several more to follow. On account of warm weather the de- mand is rather light as 3'et. We quote: Fancy white, l-lbs., 15(g,16c. ; fair wbite, 13@13c. No demand as yet tor buckwheat and dark honey. Kxtracted is pleutitul, especially Cal- ifornia and Southern. Wequote: California. 5@5?4C.; wliite clover and basswood, 6@6}ic.; Southern, ■in@dnc. a gallon. Beeswa.Y in fair demand and firm at 28@29c. H. B. &S. NEW YORK, N. Y., Sept.' 23.— The market for comb and extracted honey is now open. Comb honey is not arriving as freely as ex- pected, presumably on account of the pro- longed heat, but it is selling very well, con- sidering the hot weather we have had this time ol the year. Of extracted honey there is quite a supply on the market; California and Southern with a fair demand. We are quoting comb honey to-dav as follows; Fancy, l-lbs., 15c.; 2-lbs., 14@1.5c.; white, l-lbs., 13@14c,; 2-lbs., 12@13c. ; fair, l-lns., ll@12c.: 2-lb8., 10@llc.: buckwheat, l-lbs., lOaHc; 2-lbs„ 8@9c. Kxtracted, clover, 5®7c ; buckwheat, 5@5V4c. ; Southern. 50@60c. per gallon. Beeswax Is in fair demand, with supply lim- ited; average stock, 27@28c. ; fancy yellow, 29c. C. I. & B. The Poultry Tribune, a monthly Journal devoted to the best Interests of ALL who keep fowls, will divide the above amount In COLD CASH among its club workers, betides paying a liberal cash commission and giving weekly prizes. Send your name on a postal card for a sample copy and then secure some of this cash. Address, THE POIIL.TRV TRIBITNR. 40C3t FREEPORT. ILL. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers Most of whom Quote in this Journal. Cblcago, Ills. J. A. Lamon, 43 South Water St. S. T. Fish & Co., 189 S. Water St. R. A. BURNETT & Co., 163 South Water Street New York, N. Y. F. I. Sage & Son, 183 Reade Street. HiLDRETH Bros. & Seoelken, 120 & 122 West Broadway. Chas. Israel & Bros.. 486 Canal St. I. J. Strinoham. 105 Park Place. Francis H. Leogett & Co., 128 Franklin St. Kansas City, mo. C, C. Clemoms & Co.. 423 Walnut St. Buffalo, N. Y. Batterson & Co., 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chas. Dajdant & Son. Pblladelplika, Pa. Wm. A. Selser, 10 Vine St. Cincinnati, Oliio. C. F. M0TH & SON, cor. Freeman* Central av8 ConventfoD Notices. Minnesota. —The next meeting of the Southern Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Association will be held at Winona. Oct. 15 and 16,1895. All members are urgently requested to at- tend. A U bee-keepers and others interested are cordially invited. E. C. Cornwell. Sec. Winona, Minn. Wisconsin.— The Southwestern Wisconsin Bee-Keepers' Association will hold its next meeting at Plitteville, Wis., Oct, S and 9, 1895. "Come, every one." Don't get dis- couraged it we haven't got a crop of honey. We will have a good time at Platteville. just the same Bring your wives and daughters wlihyou. Many interesting subjects will be discussed. M. M. RiCE. Sec. Boscobel. Wis. Utah.— The Utah Bee-Keepers' Association will hold their semi-annual meeting in Room 54. City and County Building. Salt Lake City, Oct. 5, 1895. at 10 a.m. All are invited. Come and have a good time. Many interesting sub- jects will be discussed. Among other ques- T.iims to be considered will be Markets and Transporiation. A union of Interest in the industry is mu'h desired. Provo. Utah. Geo. E. Dudley, Sec. •••■^••••^••••••^ •••■^•« IT'S RELIABLE The Best and Cheappsfc Mill on Earth. Fully warranted. Will not choke. Write at ouce for prices and Agen(,'y. It grinds grain y degree of fineness than any other mill. Corn, earorshelled, Oats, Wheat. &c., fine enough for any purpose. Made only by JOLIETSTROff BRIDGE CO. JOLIET, ILL., Jobbers and Mauufactur. ers of Farm Machinery, Cwrriagee Wacons, Wind- mi lis, Hicycles.Harness. Ac Jilent'Uyn the A merican Bee Joumai. 3 4 A 2 6 DO NOT ORDER VNTIL Y«U HAVE WRITTEN US FOR PRICES ON o^ The "Boss" One-Pieee Section Also D. T. Hi TC9, Sliipping^-Cratcs and Other Supplies. We have completed a lar^e addition to our Factory, which doubles our floor room; we are therefore in better shape than ever to flU orders on short notice. Send lor Prlce-I-lst J. FORNCROOK, Watebtown, Jeff. Co., Wis., Jan. 1st. 1894. 642 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Oct. 3, Book Premiums for Getting New Subscribers For cacli Mew Subscriber to the American Bee Journal sent us by a present subscriber, we will give as a Premium 40 t'ent*' worlli of tlu; Books, I'aniphlets. etc., described on this page — figuring on the retail price given in eonncction witli each book, ete.. below. This is a very easy way to get a lot of most excellent literature. Free Copy of " BEES AND HONEY " to Every New Subscriber. Yes, in addition to the above offer, we will mail free a copy of Newman's 160-page " Bees and Honej-" —premium edition — to each new subscriber. On ne^v subscriptions, the $1.00 will pay for the Bee Journal from the time it is received to liio end of 1896. NOW IS JUST THE TIME to work for big lists of New Subscribers. The American Bee Journal List Should Easily Ke DOIIBLED by Jan. 1st, on these Liberal Offers. BEE-BOOKS SENT POSTPAID BV George W. York & Co., ChlcaKo, Ills. Bees and Honey, or Maimfiement of nn Apiary .'or Pleasure and l*rotit. by Tliomna G. Newman. — This edition bus been lar^'ely re written, thoroughly revised, and is " fully up with the times " In uU the Improvements and luventloiis lu this rapldly-devel- oplnp: pursuit, and presents the ajjlarlst with everythlnt: thiit can aid lu the successful nianaKe- ment of an apiary, nnd at the same tlree pRiduce the most bi.>ney lu an attractive condition. It con- tains 250 pai-'es. and 'ZK') Illustrations— Is beautifully printed In the bl^'Ilest style of the art, and hound In cloth, gold-lettered. I'rlce. $1.UU. I^angstroth on the Uoney-Beef revised by Dadaut— This classic In bee-culture, has been entirely re- written, and Is fully Illustrated. It treats of everythlni* relatlnf; to bees and bee-keep- ing. No apiarian library Is comi)lete wltliout this standard worlt by Kev. I-.. Jj. J-angstroth — the Father of American Bee Culture. It has 520 pages; bound In cloth. Price. Jl.JO. Bee-Keepers* Guide* or Manual of the Apiary, by Prof A. J Cook, of the Michigan Agri- cultural College.— This book Is not only Instructive and helptul as a guide In bee keei>lng. but Is Interesting aud thoroughly practical and sclentiflc. Itcontains a full delineation of theanatomy and physiology of bees. 411U pages ; bound In cloth and fully Illustrated. Price, Scientific Queen-Kearlng, as Practically Applied, by G. M. Doollttie.— A method by which the very best of Queen-Bees are reared In'perfeot accord Willi Nature's way. ]Tl> pages, bound In cloth, and Illustrated. Price. $1.00. A B C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. Root.— A cyelop:i?dia of ■lUO pages, describing everything pertaioiiig to thecare of the honey-bees. It con- tains yoij engravings. It was written especially for beginners Bound In cloth. Price, $1.25. Advancetl Bee-Cultnre, Its Methods and Managemeut, by W. Z. Ilutciilnson.— The author oftblsworU Is too well known to need further description of his book. lie Is a practical and entertaining writer. You should read his book. 90 pages, bound In paper, and Illustrated. Price, 50 cts. Katlonal Bee-K.ee pi nor, by Dr. .lohn Dzlerzon —This Is a translation of his latest German book on bee-culture. It has yiiO pages: bound in cloth, $1.25; In paper covers. $1.00 Bienen-Kultiir, by Thomas G. Newnan. — This Is a German translation of theprlnclpr' por- tion of the book called BEKt* OF IloXEY. 10^ page pamphlet. Price, 40 cents. Convention Hand-Book, for BeeKeepera. ,' ■ Thomas G. Newman.— It contains the parliamen- tary law and rules of order for Bee-Conventions— also Constitution and' By-Laws, with subjects for discussion, etc. Cloth, gold-lettered. Price, 25 cts. Aniorikanli^olie Bieneiiziiclit, by Hans Buschbauer.— Printed in German. A hand-book on bee-keeping, piving the methods in use by the best American and German apiarists. Illustrated; 138 pages. Price. $1.00 Thirty Vears Among; tlie Bees, by Henry Alley.— Gives the results of over a quarter- century's experience in rearing queen-bees. Very latestworkof thekind. Nearly luu pages. Price, TjUc. Wby Kat Honey ?— This Leaflet is intend- ed for FREE distribution, to create a Local Market. liH) copies, by mail, 40 cts.: 5iKt forSl-'fO; irxK), $1; .50. B^" If .'iuoor more are ordered at one time, your name and address will be printed on them FUEB. Hoiv to Keep Honey and preserve lt3 richness and flavor. Price same as Why Eat Honey. Apiary Recifnter, by Thos. G. Newman.— Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather binding. Price, for 50 colonies, fi.m; for 100 colonies, $1.25. PracUcal Htn1#!i to Reo-Keepers. by Chaa. F. Muth.— Deccrihes hla methods of keeping bees and tr«atiDg Foul Brood. Price. 10 cts. Preparation of Honey for the Market. Including tlie production and care of comb and extracted honey. A chapter from Bees and HoNEV. Price, 10 cents. Bee-Pasturaere a Necesalty. — This book sug gests what and how to plan U Is a chapter fron Bees and Uuxev. Price, 10 cents. SwarmlHff, Dividing: and Feeding.— Hints to beginners In apiculture. A chapter from Bees AND Honey. Price, 5 cents. Bees lu "Winter, Chaff-Packing, Bee Houses and Cellars. This Is a chapter from Bees and Honey. Price. 5 cents. Tlie Hive I Use, by G. M. Doollttie. It details his manag-ement of bees, and methods of producing- comb honey. Price. 5 cents. I>r. Howard's Book on Foul Brood. —Gives the McEvoy Treatment and reviews the ex- periments of others. Price. 2'j cts. Dictionary of Apicuilnre, by Prof. John Phin. Gives the correct meaning of nearly 500 api- cultural terms. Price. .511 cts. Winter Problem in Bee-Keepinjr. by G. R. Pierce. Result of '2b years' experience. 50 cts. Handling Bees, by Chas. Dadant & Son.— A Chapter from J.-angslroth Revised. Price, 8 cts. Bee-Keepers' Directory, by H. Alley.— Latest methods in Queen-Rearing, etc. Price, 50c. Fotil Brood Treatment, by Prof. P. R. Cheshire.— Its Cause and Prevention. Price, 10 cts. Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnbe.— Origin. Development and Cure. Price. 25 cts. History of Bee-Aesociations, and Brief Re- ports of the first 20 conventions. Price, 15 cts. Honey as Food and ITIedieine, by T. G. Newman.— A 32-page pamphlet : just the thing to create a demand for honey at home. Should be scattered freely. Contains recipes for Honey-Cakes, Cookies, Puddings, Foam, Wines, and uses of honey for medicine. Prices, prepaid— Single copy, 5 cts.; in copies, 35 cts.: .5nfor$1.5n: 100 lor $2.50; 250 for $5.50; 500 for $10.00; or lOOO for$i5.o0. When 250 or more are ordered, we will print the bee-keeper's card (free of cost) on the front cover page. Bee-Keepin": for Profit, by Dr. G. L. Tinker.— Revised and enlarged. It details the au- thor's " new system, or how to get the largest yields of comb or extracted honey." 80 p.; illustrated. 25c. Emerson Binders, made especially for the BEE JouKNAT,. are convenient for preserving each number as fast as received. Kot mailable to Canada. Price. 75 cts. Commercial Calculator, by C. Ropp.— A ready Calculator, Business Arithmetic and Ac- count-Book coml^iiied in one. Every fanner and businessman should liave it. No. 1 , buumt in water proof leatherette, calf tlnish. Price, 4n cts. No. 2 in One artificial leather, with pocket, silicate slate, and account-book. Price, 60 cts. Oreen's^ix Books on Friiit-Cultnre, by Chas. A. Green.— Devoted 1st, to Apple and Pear Culture; 2nd. Plum ami Cherry Culture; 3rd, Rasp- berry and Blackberry Culture; 4th, Grape Culture; 5th, Strawberry Culture. 129 pp.; illustrated. 25 cts. Ciarden and Orchard, by Chas. A. Green. —Gives full instructions in Thinning and Marketing Fruits; Pruning. Planting and Cultivating; Spray- ing. Evaporation. Cold Storage, Etc. y4 pages, illus- trated. Price, 25 cts. How to Propagate and Growr Fruit, by Chas. A. Green.— Brief instructions in budding, grulting and layermg: also propagation of fruit trees, vines and plants. 72 pages. Price 25 cts How ^Ve ITIade tlie Old Farm Pay, by Chas. A. Green,— Gives his personal experience on a fruit tarm which he made yield a generous for- tune. 64 pages, illustrated. Price, 25 cts. Kendall's Horse-Book. — 35 pictures, showing positions of sick horses, and treats on all their diseases. English or German. Price, 25 cts. SHo and Sila@:e, by Prof. A. J. Cook.— It gives the method In operation at the Michigan Agr • cultural College. Price, 25 cts. Capons and Caponizins:, by Dr. Sawyer, Fanny Field, and others.— Illustrated. All about caponizing fowls, ann thus how to make the most money in poultry-raising. 64 pages. Price, 30 cts. Our Poultry Doctor, or Health in the Poultry yard and How to Cure Sick Fowls, by Fanny Field,— Everything about Poultry Diseases and their Cure. 64 pages. Price, 3U cts. Poultry for ITIarket and Poultry for Profit, by Fanny Field.— 1'ells everything about the Poultry Business. ti4 pages. Price, 25 cts. Turkeys for Market and Turkeys for Profit, by Fanny Field.— AH about Turkey-Raising. 64 pages. Price, 25 cts. Hural Life.— Bees. Poultry. Fruits, Vege- tables, and Household Matters. KK> pages. 25 cte." Strawberry Culture, by T. B. Terry and A. I. Root. For beginners. Price, 40 cts. Potato Culture, by T B. Terry.- It tells how to grow them protitably. Price, 40 cts. Carp Culture, by A. I. Root and Geo. Fin- ley.— Full directions. 70 pages. Price, 40 cts. Hand-Book of Health, by Dr. Foote.— Hints about eating, drinking, etc. Price, 25 cts. Alsike Clover I*eaflet.— Full directions for growing. 50 for 25 cts.; 100 for 40 cts.; 200,70c. ITIaple Su;n:ar and the Sug-ar Bush, by Prof A. J. Cook.— Fiill instructions. Price, 3.'"> cts. Grain Tables, for casting" up the price of grain, produce, hay, etc. Price, 25 cts. Book Clubbing Offers. (Read Carefully.) The following- clubbing- prices include the American Bee Journal one year with each book named. Hemember, that only one book can be taken in each case with the Bee Jour- nal a year at the prices named. If more books are wanted see postpaid prices given with the description of the books ou this page. Following is the clubbing-list: 1 Langstroth on the Honey-Bee S'J.IO 2 A B O of Bee-Culture 2.00 3. Bee-Keeper's Guide 1.75 4. Bees and Honey tCloth bound] 1.65 5. Sclentiflc Queen-Kearlng 1.75 6. Iir. Howard'sFoul Brood Book 1.10 7. Advanced Bee-Culture 1.30 8. Amerlkanische Bienenzucht [Germ.] 1.75 9. Bieneu-Kultur [German] 1.25 10. Rational Bee-Keeping [Cloth bound] 2.00 11. Rational Bee-Keeplng [Paper bound] 1.75 13. Thirty Years Among the Bees 1.30 13. Bee-Keeping for Profit 1.15 14. Convention Hand Book 1,15 15. Poultry for Market and Profit 1.10 16. Turkeys for Market and Profit 1.10 17. Capons and Caponizing 1.10 18. Our Poultry Doctor 1.10 19. How We Made the Old Farm Pay 1.15 20. Green's Si.v Books ou Fruit-Culture.- 1.15 21. Garden and Orchard 1.15 22. How to Propagate and Grow Fruit. . . 1.15 23. Rural Life 1.10 24. Emerson Binder for the Bee Journal. 1.60 25. Commercial Calculator. No. 1 1.25 26. Comme-clal Calculator, No. 2 1.40 27. Kendall's Horse-Book 1.10 28. Rural Life 1.10 29. Strawberry Culture 1.20 30. Potato Culture 1-20 31. Carp Culture 1.20 32. Hand-Book of Health 1.10 33. Dictionary of Apiculture 1.35 34. Maple Sugar and the Sugar Bush — 1.20 35. Silo and Silage 1.10 36. Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping 1.30 37. Apiary Register (lor oO colonies! 1.75 38. Apiary Register (for 100 colonies) . 2.00 39. Bee-Keepers' Directory 1.30 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 643 TOUR BEESWAX! TTNTIl. FlIKTHEK NOTICE, we will *-^ allow 28 cents per pound for Good Yel- low Beeswax, delivered at our office— in ex- cbanse for Subscription to the Bek Journal. for Books, or anything that ive offer for sale in the B&E Journal. Or, 26 cts. cash. Always ship the Wax by Express, and pre- pay the charges; also put your name and address on the paclsage to avoid mistaltes. GEOKGE W. -iORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. THROAT AND LUNG DISEASES, DR. PEIRO, Specialist Otflces: 1019, 100 State St., CHICAGO. Hours 9 to 4. MenXi/yn Vx,,^ American Bee Joun'^A TAKE NOTICE! "DEFORE placing your orders for SUP- -*-* PLIES, write for prices on 1-Piece Bass- wood Sections, Bee-Hives, Shipping -Cratee, Frames, Foundation, Smokers, etc. PAGE & LVOPf WLFG. CO. NEW LONDON, WIS. Mention the American Bee Journal, OC Ibis Jonmal wbo ivrlte to any of oui adTertlsers, eitber lo ordering, or asking about tbe Good» offered, will please state tbat tbey saw *be Advert^ement in tbis paper* READERS Promptness Is What Counts ! Honey-Jars, Shipping-Cases, aud every- thing that bee-keepers use. Root's GuocIn a.t Root's Prices, and the best shipping point in the country. Dealer in Honey and Beeswax, Cata- iTZmZlx.e. Walter S. Ponder INDIANAPOLIS. IND. Mention theA.mer'cun Uee, Jcmmal. {|eenns and Iiiclei ! Untested Italian Queens, by return mall, 75c; Tested, $1.00; Select Tested, $1.50. Nuclei, by express— per Frame, 7oc. Address. C. E. IflEAD, 87 Artesian Ave., Station D, Chicago, III. Comb Honev, Extracted Honey, and BEESWAX. Spot Cash paid for Goods at Market Prices. Francis II. Leggett & Co., I\'ew York. 35A13 Mention the American Bee Jcflimal, WANTED. 10,000 pounds of BEESWAX, for Casb. Address, I.EAHY MFG. CO., HigsinsvlUe, Mo. Mention Oie American hee journal. SAVE MONEY '^I'^H.^s^'^l^k^l ITALIAN QUEENS Foundation at Wholesale Prices. Hives, suited for the South, or SUPPI.IES, send tor Prlce-Lisl — to A.XJC3-XJSTA., "» OA.. p.e. QuGstiorj-Box^ In the multitude of counsellors there is safety. — Prov. 11-14. The SurTiving; Queen in United Colonies. Query 990. — In uniting colonies, both queens being equal and allowed to flght to a finish, is the one that comes out victorious in- jured in the flght ?— J. P. Mrs. L. Harrison — Not often. W. R. Graham — I think she is. W. G. Larrabee — I don't know. Eugeno Secor — I think not, as a rule. Chas. Dad3,nt & Son — Yes, sometimes. G. M. Doolittle— Not that I ever no- ticed. Rev. E. T. Abbott — She may be, and she may not. J. A. Green — Not usually. Doubtless sometimes she is. P. H. Elwood — I have never known her to bo injured. Prof. A. J. Cook — I have never seen evidence that she was. E. Prance— I have had them both killed, but not commonly. J. M. Hambau^h — Not usually, though occasionally they are injured. B. Taylor — I have never known any facts to prove she was harmed. H. D. Cutting— Not always. It is best to remove one of the queens and take no chances. Dr. .1. P. H. Brown — Sometimes she is. Hence, never take the risk, but cage the best. J. E. Pond — Yes, so far as my own e.\- perience goes. I should not risk it, though, with a valuable queen. W. M. Barnum — Occasionally. Look her over ; keep an eye on her " wise sub- jects." They will soon tell you. C. H. Dibbern — I can easily see how this might happen, but I have never had a case of this kind come to my knowl- edge. Dr. C. C. Miller— I doubt if there will be anything of the kind. But in a case where two queens do fight, I think the victor will come off scot free. Mrs. J. N. Heater — Yes, more or less. Possibly both queens will be balled by the bees, and one or both killed. Better cage the best one, and introduce her the same as a strange queen. Jas. A. Stone — I would be afraid to risk it, as it seems to me not impossible in some cases both might be killed ; just as we have known of two men killing each other at the same time. J. M. Jenkins— Probably not, unless balled or injured in some way by the workers. The combat between queens is short, and is decided in favor of the one that first stings her opponent. R. L. Taylor — It seems to be a salutary provision in Nature that two queens in combat cannot both be in a position to sting the other at the same time, and as the reception of a sting instantly ends the fight, only one is ever injured. G. W. Demaree — Years ago I learned by experiments carefully conducted, that It is a rare occurrence for both queens to be injured in a mortal combat. But there are exceptions to all rules. A neighbor of mine — a perfectly reliable and practical man — told me that he put two laying queens under a glass tumbler and both of them were killed outright in their combat. I prepared a glass-cov- ered cage purposely to test this matter, both with virgin aud laying queens, and have not yet met with a case of death or injury to both combatants. Rev. M. Mahin— Sometimes she is. But the greatest danger is in the balling of the queens by the workers. I am of the opinion that when two colonies are united, the queens rarely "fight to a fin- ish." I had one case in which the sur- viving queen had both of her wings gnawed off to the merest stubs, and it was evidently done by hostile workers. Allen Pringle— In the first place, if both queens were "equal" the fight would be a "draw," in sporting par- lance. But when they are unequal, and one triumplis, it does not follow that she comes out unscathed. It is but reason- able to suppose that in a " fight to a fin- ish," where the combatants are nearly equal, or even quite different, the sur- vivor is more or less injured. At any rate, that consideration has always been sufficient with me to prevent a " fight to the finish " between queens. ■"••••-A^*^ ^M " " ' r J ■ 1 l~~ — - . -T_ ~ -rfr — :::;^ =] =] — — -■ - - « § ^^^^^^^^^ WHY TAKE ANY CHANCE ? In buying wire fence you are not laboring under the same difficulty as tbe little girl who said "there's only just one way to tell mush- rooms, eat 'em, and if you die tliey are to.ad- stonls." You can order the Page with the same certainty that it will do you good, that you fell in breathing fresh air, or drinking pure water. You are getting the best there is and there will be nothing to regret. , PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mfch. jm.etitim: Ihe Amenco/n. (see Jicv.mak WANTED. To purchase Colonies of Live Bees. Address, LLOVn BROS., Cincinnati, Obio. Mention t)ie American Bee Journal. 39A2t 5 DO f YOU 4 WASH DISHES ?f No need of it. The Faoltiess ^ and patience;DO Quaker will do it for you and '5, dishes and pati scalded hands. i^ave time, hands, dishes" money, ^ no >\ ds. ^ broken or chip- W ped dishes, no A muss. Washes, %f rinces dries and j^ olishes quickly. ^ r alade of best ma- W { terial, lasts a life- /• I time. Sell atsight. ^ Agents, women or men of honor de- siring employ- ment may havea paying business ^ by writing now A . for descriptive circulars and terms to agents, M ^The QUAKER NOVELTY CO., Salem, 0. ? Mention Ike A merican Bee JournaJ^ 39A*J6t Mum HONET EXTRACTOB PERFECTION Coid-Blast Smoliers, Square Glass Honey Jars, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Chab. F. Muth & Son. Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O Send lOr for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers. 644 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Oct. rj, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! Itl6 always economy to buy the best, espe- Clallv when the liest tost noinorethan somethiDK not hall' eo Kood. OUK FAL- CON SECTTUNS are acknowledged to be Buperior to any on the market. The eanielsalsotrneof our HIVES and BEE- KEEPEKS' SUPPLIES, of which we make all modern styles. OUK PRICES will be found as low as those of any of our competitors, and In many cases low- er, and yon arc always sure of getting flrst-clsss goods. Wc alpo publish THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER, a monthly magazine (Filth year) at 50c. a year. In- valuable to beginners. Large illustrated catalogue and price-list free. Address, THEW.T.FALCOMMKG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. ^- W. m. Oerrlsli. of East Nottins- bam, N. H., Is our Eastern agent. New England customers may save freight by pur- chasing of him. What's the Use of Keepinar Bees If you do not sell the honey? That's what we are here for. Get our high prices before sell- ing. C. R. HORRIE 6i CO., Commission Merchants, 224 Sotitli Water St., Chicago, 111. 37A13 Mention the American Bee Jimmai, The Golden Italians Cap their honey much whiter than the j3- banders. This makes them more desirable for comb honey. I also flud them splendid workers Tested Qiifeii!". of this season's rearing. 7.5 cts.; three for $3.00. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. P. J. THOMAS, 39A2t FREDONIA, KAN. Mention the AnuTrlcan Bee JmimaU COMB FOUNDATION. Wholesale and Retail. Quality always the best. Price always lowest. Working Wax Into Foundation by the lb a Specialty. I can make it an object for you in any quantity, but otter special induce- ments on straight '-'5 or oQ lb. lots. Or for making large lot of Wax into Foundation. 1 am furnishing large Dealers, and can also please you. Reeswax taken at all limes. Write for Samples and Prices, to GUS DITTMER, AUGUSTA, WIS. Reference— Augusta Bank. 16Atf WHEN AnSWEPING TH(S AOVERTISEMEnT, MENTION THIS JOURNAL. Free Silver Is a good thing ' buthe're'ssom'e-FlU* I Oil thing better * "* " Until further notice I will furnish COMR FOUNDATION as follows : 10 lbs. Heavy or Medium Brood Fdn.$3.50 10 lbs. Li.ht , " 3-60 10 lbs. Thin Surplus Foundation. .. 4.00 10 lbs. Extra-Thin Surplus Fdn 4.50 No orders will be accepted at these prices from persons living east of New York State. For REESWAX-falr quality, delivered here, 37c. cash : SOc. in trade. W.J. Fiuch,Jr.,SpriHgfield, 111 2 8 A 1 3 Mention thf, A meriean Bee Joumat. Woodcliff Queens. I win send a Guaranteed ."i-Banded Yellow Queen, bred from a Breeder selected from 1000 Queens (some producing over 400 lbs. of honey to the colony); or a .'i-Banded Italian Leather-Colored Queen direct from a Breeder imported from Italy. Oct. '94— at 75c., and a special low price for a quantity. My secret is to sell an extra-large amount, which enables me to sell at low prices. Will run this spr ng 350 Nuclei— have 1 home and 4 out apiaries. No Queens superior to my ei^ Send for Descriptive Catalogue and Testimonials, to _ WM. A. Selseb, Wyncotb, pa. Abbott's Space. Ill rc§poiisc to many inqiii- ric§ I will renew my §|>ccial offer for a sliorl lime only : - Five " SI. Joe " Hives, I'^'-Story, eiit ready to nail — no sec- tions—for >!ii3.30 to any one who lias never liad a erale of these Hives. I sell Dadaiit's Fonntlation at their prices; pay CASH for BEESWAX, and keep a stock of Shipping-Crates and Other Bee-Supplies. SPECIAL, PRICES the rest of the season. Write and say what you want. EMERSON T. ABBOTT, When Answering this Advertisement, Mention this journal. ST J OS EPH IVl O Queenless Colonies Are often found at this time of the year 11 they are looked for, and the sooner they are supplied with Queens the belter. _ If you want Queens for thia. or any ether purpose, and w;mt them quick, send your order to me and it will be filled by return mail. My Queens are bright, youngr Tested Queens, and I sell Ibem at $1 .00 each or six for $5.00. bate arrival- guaranteed. The Review and one Queen for $1.50, The 50-ct. book. Advanced Bee-Culture, and one Queen for $1.25. The Review, book and Queen for S'^.OO. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. PATENT WIKED COMB FOUNDATION Has No Sag lu ftrood-Frames Tliio FIat-l$ot{om FouudatloD Has i\o Fishbone in the Snrpios BoDey. BelnK the cleanest te asuaUy worked the quickest of anjr Foundation made J. VAN DEITSEN & SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Sprout Brook MoniKomery Co.. N. Y. Mention the Jlmcrlcan Jice Jouriia?^, Discount— 5 to 10 Per Cent. —ON— BEES i' SUPPLIES Wax Wanted. I. J. STRIIVOHAin, 103 Park Place. NEW TOKK, N. Y. Mention ine American Bee Jov/nwi.. Don't Fail to Read the Liberal Prcniinni Offers on Page 627 of tliis flinniber. A Thousand Tojsof Ch HS Will be made on the Foundation sold by us this year. That is why ^ ^ WE NEED BEESWAX. Now is the time to order your Foundation for 1 896. Althoush the on both Beeswax and Foundation for the balance of the season, we want all ^ The Beeswax You Have to Offer. ^T" Send for Catalogue of Bee-Supi>lles, Laiigslroth Revised, etc. CHAS. DADANT & SON, Mention the ji^merican Bee Journal. HAMILTON, Hancock Co. , ILL. TAKING OFF HONEY -\VIT1I- The Porter Bee-Escape Has been styled the Poetry of Bee-Keeplng. Saves time, brushing of combs, ugly stings. smoke, uncapping of the cells, robbers, and. in a word, a large amount of anno.vance. Price, 20 cts. cacli, or $2.25 per Box of One Dozen. Write to your nearest dualer, or to the A. 1. ROOT CO., who have the control of the sale of this implement. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. Mention the American Bee Journal PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. 35tli Year. CHICAGO, ILL., OCT. 10, 1895. No. 41. Report of the Proceedings OP THE Twenty-Sixth Annnal Convention OF THE North American Bee-Keepers' Association, HELD AT TORONTO, Ont., Sept. 4, 5 and 6, 1895. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, SEC. (Continued from page 630.) SECOND DAY— Thursday Afternoon Session. First upon the program came an essay by Mr. S. T. Pettit, of Belmont, Ont., on Introducing- Queens. Upon the subject of introduciug queens, am I expected, after all the volumes that have been written and spoken upon that topic, to write anything new ? It has often been said that an essay on apiarian subjects should be more calculated to draw out discussion than to ex- haust the subject. Well, the essay in hand I hope will meet that view, for, iudeed, I myself want more light upon the sub- ject. I shall aim to set forth what seems to me the cause or causes of imperfect introduction. If we once fully understand the real causes, then we are in a position to seek a remedy. There are some characteristics in bee-nature so similar to those in human nature that if we study ourselves it may help ns to understand why queens are often accepted under protest, and then treated as heathen Chinamen and subsequently abused, tortured, and finally put to death, or superseded, which ultimately means the same thing. In this way, be- Qause of imperfect introduction, many valuable queens that are received in good condition are cruelly disposed of, after the apiarist had decided that they were safely introduced. I know by repeated experiences of that kind, the keenness of such disappointments. I believe it will pay us to look more closely into this matter. I do not believe the fault is all with the bees. I appre- hend that the queen has strong, natural motherly affections and yearnings for her own family and " blood relations," and cares not to leave them and trust herself to the tender mercies of her natural enemies ; for all worker-bees and queens seem willing to destroy all other worker-bees and queens from off the face of the earth, and they all understand this depravity in bee-nature, and hence the fighting spirit — the principle of self-preservation is aroused in both queen and bees when thrown together without due precautions. The bees fear the queen, and the queen fears the bees, but this mutual mistrust is not the only element of discord and danger. The queen's love for her own, however great, is equalled by the loyalty of all worker-bees to their own queen ; and this laudable principle, coupled with fear, are two standing diffi- culties to successful introduction. But these are not all. I believe it is a recognized fact that generally, if not always, the stronger a man, a society or a company, a mob or a nation, or a hive of bees, the more self-confident and self-assertive each becomes. Now these I believe are the difficulties to be removed. Can we do it? And if so, how? are the pertinent questions. I will give what I think more successful in a good honey-flow. I may be allowed to interject right here that I believe more queens are lost or injured through imperfect introduc- tion than through transit; a poor queen is often made so by imperfect introduction. I kave succeeded best by selecting or preparing for the purpose a weak colony ; in this, as above suggested, their self-sufficiency is not so great, and they are more yielding than a strong colony. Now having your queen on hand, remove the old queen from the hive, and immediately place the new queen in a clean cage all by herself, and place her in a clean, sweet, airy place (not in your pocket) out of the reach of all bees. Now watch your bees, and they will soon manifest their loss. In many cases their grief and consternation will be very manifest. Now at this crisis the queen will be just as lonesome and forlorn as these queenless bees, and now is the time to liberate her. Place her within about a foot of the en- trance. The queen will know by the commotion and mourn- ing of the bees what is the matter ; she will understand their frame of mind, and her fears will give place to hope ; her lonely, forsaken condition prepares her to welcome the bees, and they, in their forlorn condition, and perceiving the queens' humility, will gladly reciprocate her overtures of peace and good-will ; then they will escort her to their home and king- dom, and proclaim her queen of all the realm. Then their mourning and sadness Is turned to rejoicing and gladness. A queen may be successfully introduced to a new swarm in the same way. If the condemned queen is clipped, cage her when the bees swarm ; then place the new hive on the old stand and remove the old hive some distance away ; now place the old queen at the entrance of the new hive, and when the bees are returning rapidly, remove the old queen. When they miss her they will ma nifest their loss in a marked degree. Hav- ing prepared the new queen as in the other case, let her run in as above, and you will see how quickly the bees will quiet down and go to work. Some bees that have brood will fail to manifest their loss ; in that case it is better to cage the queen in the usual way. But, after all, the plan of placing a valuable queen with just-hatching brood never fails to give satisfactory results. Having selected the combs of brood, and liberated the queen in the hive, I place it on top of a fairly strong colony, with two frames of wire-cloth between them. This arrange- ment enables me, without danger from other bees, to place the hive where I wish it to stand. If some new capped honey is present, and water provided, breeding will go on at a lively pace. All changes in the practice of bee-keeping should be made with due caution. There is so much in knowing how to do a thing. S. T. Pettit. L. A. Aspinwall — Much depends upon the honey-Qow. Late in the season, when but little honey is coming in, it Is more difficult to introduce queens. I have used with the best success a cage made of a small frame-work upon the sides of which is tacked some cheese-cloth. The cage is supplied with food. The queen is released by the bees gnawing through the cheese-cloth. Simply remove the queen and put the new one into this cage, and the workers wiU at once begin the work of releasing her, which will require at least five hours. They G46 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Oct. 10, are able to feed her before she is out, and the feeding leads to an acquaintance. By this method I have had a queen intro- duced to three different colonies inside of 24 hours. R. A. Harrison — I give the bees a thorough smoking with dripd grass, and then put the bees in a cage from which the bees can release her inside of 8ve hours. The smoke gives a strong odor to the bees, queen, and hive. J. T. Calvert — I visited Henry Alley this summer, and he introduced virgin queens to nuclei, filling each nucleus with smoke, putting in the queen, and then stopping up the en- trance with a plantain leaf. The leaf wilts and releases the bees. Mr. Aspinwall — Mr. Alley uses too much smoke. I think we should use as little smoke as possible. Next came an essay by Dr. C. C. Miller, of Marengo, III., on Xtae Amalgfaination of the North American Bee-Keepers' Association and the Na- tional Bee-Keepers' Union. Shall there be a union of the Union and the North Ameri- can ? Should the North American Bee-Keepers' Association ask this question, the Bee-Keepers' Union might answer : Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, III. "Mind your own business. Better not discuss publicly whether there is to be a 'wedding' till you find out privately whether I'm willing to marry." And yet, and yet. The two organizations have been close- ly identified, their interests should be the same, their member- ship is to some extent the same and should bo more fully the same, and more members of the Union can be found together at one time at a North American convention than at any other time and place. Indeed the nearest the Union has ever come to having a meeting has been at the meetings of the North American, and aside from that there has never been the sem- blance of a meeting of the Union. So there seems nothing particularly inappropriate to talking the matter over at this convention. I am asked to say something introductory, and I'll be brief. As a member of the North American, I should say to the Union : " If you'll join hands with us, we think we can do more for the interest of bee-keepers than is now being done. To be very plain, we'd like to have the money in your treasury. We can then increase our membership, and an increase of membership is the thing we have always needed." Now I'll tell you how I feel as a member of the Union. A few of us banded together to battle for the right of bee-keep- ers, and have paid from one to ten dollars each to support the battle. The Union has done a grand work, and every bee- keeper in the land has had the benefit. If no other benefit, he has had the feeling of security coming from the decisions gained by the Union. There is an element of unfairness in the few bearing all the expense for the benefit of the many, and if there's any way by which a large number could become interested, I for one would be glad to see it. Notwithstanding the small membership of the Union, of late the income has outrun the outlay, and an unused and per- haps unneeded surplus lies in the treasury. As matters now stand, we shall continue to pay into the treasury one dollar annually, and that seems hardly right when there is no appar- ent need for it. Why should we pay more into the treasury when we don't know what to do with what we now have ? With the decisions of the Union as precedents, there seems less need for further work in the same direction. There is nothing inconsistent, there would have been nothing inconsistent in the first place, in having the North American do the work that the Union has done. Probably it would have been done in that way but for an emergency that arose requiring immediate action. If one organization can do the work of the two, it is better. Every man who pays his money into the treasury of the Union will just as willingly pay it into the treasury of the North American, if he is sure he will get the same benefit from it. The main question to be settled is, "What will do the greatest good to the geatest number?" Without claiming any special wisdom in the matter, I may be allowed to say what occurs to me. Merge the Union into the North American. Preserve intact whatever sum may be thought desirable as a defence fund. Use the balance — instead of a grant from gov- ernment, as in other countries, and in part of our territory — to increase the membership of the North American. It ought not to be a difiScult matter to increase it to a thousand, and that thousand would have some force in securing a recognition from the government, and getting on such footing as to easily maintain and increase its numbers. The same reason that DOW induces 300 men to contribute one dollar annually would still induce them to pay any necessary amount, and additional inducements would bring in others. How affairs should be administered, and whether the Manager has been properly paid for his services, are separate matters for consideration. C. C. Miller. Following Dr. Miller's essay came one by Thos. G. New- man, of Chicago, 111., upon the Bee-Keepers' Union and Xorth American. Everywhere unthinking men abound. They "plod along" in the "old ruts," and often laugh at those who are progressive — those who think and plan, in order to evolve methods for ad- vancement. The unprogressive never push to the front — never startle their companions by advancing a single idea. Conservatism is their boast. They desire no disturbance, while they practice the methods of their ancestors. The present age needs men of energy and power — men who think, plan, devise and execute their designs. Men whose "deeds of daring" make them anenduring name, and a place, among mankind. Did any industry ever build itself up ? Was a dollar ever seen rolling uphill, unless some one was pushing it from behind ? Never ! Bee-keeping is no exception. It is just like other indus- tries. It must be studied, helped, guided — yes, pushed uphill, just like the dollar. To find a lucrative business the apiarist must employ the most practical methods of production ; the product must compare favorably, and compete in quality and price, with others ; the apiarist must find the market and then comply with its demands. In other words, must pusli the pursuit all along to complete success. Not only is this absolutely true in the individual, but also in the organization. For the past 20 years have I labored with others to make the North American Bee-Keepers' Asso- ciation a representative body, but so far our labors have not been crowned with success. The unproductive " drones " in the National " hive " seem to have been so numerous, that it contains but little "surplus" honey. Each years' receipts having disappeared with wonderful regularity. While the few progressive "workers" have labored zealously all the time, the great majority has been unproductive. Consump- tion has fully equalled production, and the result is a " weak colony," which some advise to have united to another colony to save it. This is the case in a nut-shell. Having carefully read all that has lately been written on the proposition to unite it with the National Bee-Keepers' Union, and being equally interested in both (a life-member and ex-President of the former, and General Manager of the latter), it will be conceded that I candidly discuss the question of the proposed amalgamation. First, let me say that, unintentionally, no doubt, I have 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 64:7 been misrepresented. By repeated and urgent requests, I wrote a short article for publication on the proposed consolida- tion, pointing out the only feasible method of accomplishing it, incidentally remarking that I did not believe that the mem- bers of the Bee-Keepers' Union would consent to have the funds, raised for defense, used for delegates to go to " see the boys and have a good time," as had been hinted by some. I purposely refrained from expressing an opinion on the question of merging the two societies into one, because of my connection with the latter, which might be construed by some to be selfish, if I opposed it, and, perhaps puerile, if I ap- proved it. Just imagine my surprise when I read the heading which the editor bad placed over my communication. It read thus: " A Union of the North American and the Bee-Keep- ers' Union Will be Opposed by the Manager of the Latter." And yet not a word can be found in the communication upon which to base such a deduction ! In fact, I thought favorably at first of the proposition, but was surprised at the lack of suggestions as to how it was to be accomplished, and there- fore volunteered to outline the necessary modus operandi so far as the Bee-Keepers' Union was concerned. That must have been construed into opposition, for nothing else could possibly be so interpreted. I fancy that many friends of the consolidation e.xpected me here, "with sword and spear," to fight them. In this they will be disappointed, for I am only trying to find a thoroughly practical method of consolidation. If that be found, then count me in its favor — if not, then I am opposed to any bungling work in that direction. I would now request the author and supporters of the suggestion to show how the two societies can operate advan- tageously, if consolidated — the work to be accomplished by the united society, and how it is to be done. In short, to " show their hand," so that we may know what to expect. So far, the National Bee-Keepers' Union has been a phe- nomenal success. It has fought a good fight and come off victorious. Its opponents have been worthy of its steel. It has fought village, city, and State legislation against bee- culture — powers in high and low places, and has wrung from the highest courts of America, decisions in favor of bee-keep- ing, which will be referred to, as precedents, for generations to come. In fact, it stands to-day without a peer — aye, with- out an equal, as a " rock of defense" for the pursuit, sup- porting it against the assaults of ignorance, envy and preju- dice, in every State and Province in North America. Is it too much, then, to demand that oUr constitutional rights be respected, in giving to each member a full and free vote, on the question of uniting its fortunes with any other society on the globe ? Is it not my duty to demand that it shall be shown how the combination can be effected and operated without crippling its efficiency ; abridging the rights and privileges of its members to manage its own affairs, and at the same time to maintain its prosperity and perpetuity '? It must be stated that the Bee-Keepers' Union was created to do a distinct work — to defend bee-keepers in the enjoyment of their just and legal rights. This it has done, is now doing, and doubtless will continue to do, to the entire satisfaction of its members, to the honor of the pursuit, and to the admira- tion of just and honorable men the World over. Anything, therefore, which may cripple its efficiency, or prevent further triumphs, will be universally deplored, and must be obviated. In advance of any action at this convention, it is but just and right to ascertain the thoughts and feelings of the mem- bers of both societies. One prominent member of both organi- zations wrote to me thus : " Why unite ? There will be antagonism at once. I trust that the Union, which heretofore has done the work, will stay by itself, and on its own lines do the work it was created to do, without regard to the Association, which also has its own special work to do." Out of the many letters received by the General Manager, from members of the National Bee-Keepers' Union, not one has been favorable to the consolidation, except possibly one from an editor of a bee-periodical. From a very emphatic one, let me quote a portion to show the intense feeling of the writer on the proposed consolidation. He says : " I notice that there Is a general desire for an expression of opinion as to the desirability of uniting the North American Bee-Keepers' Association and the National Bee-Keepers' Union. Well, my vote is — No! No!! NO!!! There might be many reasons brought forward against the consolidation, but one only seems strong enough to condemn it. The North American should first make itself a representative body — show that it has a spark of inherent vitality to contribute to the combination." These letters can, of course, only exhibit individual views and feeling, but they come from members who have paid their money for dues, and must be considered. They have each a " voice " as well as a " vote." Now, on the other hand: If, as some have suggested, it is concluded to be desirable to reduce the annual dues of the Bee-Keepers' Union, to provide for annual convocations, and thus to gather in its fold all the bee-keepers of America— I can see no objeciion to that method of consolidation, for the Bee-Keepers' Union has shown itself to be strong and power- ful, and able to cope with the opposition. It possesses in- herent vitality, has from four to eight times as many members as the North American, and carries a good Bank balance, and has won the right to exist. It is in good working order, and has a glorious future before it. But here, again, my pride is challenged. Why let the old mother society die? After a quarter of a century's work, it has earned the right to a permanent place among the institu- tions of Earth. Why not make another desperate effort to form the North American Bee-Keepers' Association into a representative body ? True, repeated efforts have not accom- plished this in the past. Say not that they were failures — call each one but a delay, and make another effort. If a TliO)iias G. Newman, Chicago, HI. glorious work is before us, let no one ever use the word " failure." When Cardinal Richelieu desired to send a mesenger on a difficult mission to recover some important papers, and had instructed him accordingly, the youth hesitatingly exclaimed : "If I should fail !" "Fail," said the Cardinal, "Fail! In the Lexicon of youth, which Fate reserves for a bright manhood, there is no such word as Fail." Let us catch up that refrain, and say that for men of noble purposes and iron wills, who have a work to accomplish, "there's no such word as Fail" — and forthwith build on the old foundation a new edifice; around its base let its Represen- tatives cluster, in its beautiful corridors let bee-keepers con- gregate, and from its dome unfurl the old flag, with the wo/ds "North American" in letters of gold, and fling it to the breeze, shouting " Glory to it forever more !" '■ In the world's broad field of battle. In the bivouac of Life, Be not like dumb, diiven cattle I But be heroes in the strife ! "Trust no Future ! howe'er pleasant ! Let the dead Past bury its dead I Act— act in the llvinjf Present I Heart within, and God o'erhead," Chicago, III., Aug. 26, 1895. Thomas G. Newman. Dr. Mason — I am opposed to the amalgamation, and I am not. If it can be done in such a manner as not to impair the use- fulness of the Bee-Keepers' Union, I am in favor of the amal- gamation. I move that a committee of seven be appointed by 648 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Oct. 10. the chair, one of the number to be the President, to confer with the Advisory Board of the National Bee-Keepers' Union, as to the advisability of an amalgamation, and to report at the next annual meeting. Seconded by W. Z. Hutchinson. Wm. F. Clarke— I must agree with Mr. Newman, that I would not approve of an amalgamation unless the prosperity of the Bee-Keepers' Union can be maintained. The North American has never been what its founders hoped that it would be. It is not representative, and if it cannot be made such I think that it might as well be given a decent funeral. It has always been a local, primary class of bee-keepers. It should bo a high court or parliament of bee-keeping. Then this talk of reducing the fees is all wrong. When we get down so that we have to pay only 25 cents a year, I don't want to belong to it. Mr. Newman — I agree with Mr. Clarke. Nothing will kill the Union or the North American, or the amalgamation, if one be effected, sooner than a tup-penny, ha-penny, farthing fee for membership fee. The Bee-Keepers' Union is respected, not because it has a membership of 300 or 400, but because it has a good bank account, and can employ the best of coun- sel. It may seem strange, but when only a little honey is coming in — when there is a poor season — there is very little trouble ; it is when there is a good harvest, when a farmer sees a good crop of honey being gathered from his fields by a neighbor's bees, that envy and jealousy get the upper hand and complaints are made against the bee-keeper. When the Bee-Keepers' Union is notified of the beginning of a suit, the best attorney is retained, and he and the city attorney, the mayor, the aldermen, etc., are all furnished copies of the de- cisions that we have secured, and that usually ends the matter. Dr. Mason — Here in Ontario you get a grant from the Government. In the United States we can't do that. If we should try to get up a county society, and then have this society raise money to send a delegate to the State society it could not be done. I doubt if the North American can ever be made a representative body. Whatever is done, I would not change the character of the Bee-Keepers' Union to any . great extent. Frank Benton — It is useless to attempt to make the North American representative unless it is helped by Congress, and this will never be done. The States might do something in this line, that of aiding State societies, if the thing was right- ly managed, but if the two societies are united, and the prin- cipal object is that of defense, no assistance may be expected from the States. (ieo. W. York.^I don't think that the committee should wait a whole year before reporting. Let them report as soon as possible, and then let the matter be discussed in the jour- nals. Much valuable time may thus be saved. W. Z. Hutchinson — We better make haste slowly. The motion of Dr. Mason was finally revised to read as follows : That a committee of seven be appointed to take into con- sideration the proposed amalgamation of the National Bee- Keepers' Union and the North American Bee-Keepers' Asso- ciation, and to arrange terms therefor, with full power to perfect the same so far as this Association is concerned ; and to report through the bee-journals as soon as possible. The present President of this Association to be one of the members of that Committee. In this shape the motion was carried, and later the Presi- dent announced the following committee: Thos. G. .Newman, Chicago, Ills.; F. A. Gemmill, Stratford, Out.; J. T. Calvert, Medina, Ohio; M. B. Holmes, Athens, Ont.; A. B. Mason, Toledo, Ohio; Eugene Secor, Forest City, Iowa, and R. F. Holtermann, Brantford, Ont. Mr. G. M. Doolittle, of Borodino, N. Y., then gave a talk on " Some Things of Interest to Bee-Keepers." \K condensed report of Mr. Doolittle's address will be found on page 652. — Editor.] The convention then adjourned until evening. (Continued on page 661.) Honey SIS I^ood and Metlicine. — A new and revised edition of this 32-page pamphlet is now issued. It has .5 blank pages on which to write or paste recipes taken from other sources. It is just what its name indicates, and should be liberally dis- tributed among the people everywhere to create a demand for honey. It contains a number of recipes on the use of honey as food and as medicine, besides much other interesting and valuable information. Prices, postpaid, are: Single copy, 5 cts. ; 10 copies ;ii5 cts. ; ."JO for$1.25; 100 for $3.00. Better give them a trial. Send all orders to the Bee Journal office. See "Bee-Keeper's Guide" offer on page 655. Cotjtributed /Vrticles. On Important Apiarian Suhjeots, Contraction of the Brood-Nest to Secure Comb Hoaey. BY HON. EOGENE .SECOR. It used to be a favorite theory of mine that we could hive prime swarms in a small brood-chamber, and compel the bees to store nearly everything they gathered in surplus receptacles. A hive just suited to this end I naturally thought would be the style of the New Heddon horizontally-divisible brood- chamber, because it afforded a larger surface over the cluster than a Langstroth hive divided or contracted vertically by dummies or division-boards. The theory was to hive all large prime swarms (or those intended for the production of comb honey) issuing at the be- ginning of, or during the honey-flow, into one section of this shallow hive, and force them into the sections at once. By the use of a queen-excluder the queen is held below. If the swarm is large it will immediately fill one or more supers with bees, and if the half hive is filled with empty frames, or, at. the most, only starters, the bees will immediately begin work in the super if nectar secretion is abundant. After practicing this method for a number of years, I find some objections to it which had not occurred to me before try- ing it. First, the tendency to "swarm out" the first, second or third day. Second, the increased tendency to swarm after a week or ten days — the confined quarters causing them to build queen- cells. Third, the great amount of pollen stored in the sections over these shallow hives. We can overcome the first objection by using one or more "empties" under the one holding the queen, leaving them there only long enough to get the bees settled down to busi- ness. But the second objection I have not found so easily answered. If anyone knows how to prevent swarming under such conditions without caging the queen, or without entail- ing too much labor, I should be grateful for the suggestion. It is the third objection, however, which is the most seri- ous one with me. Comb honey, more or less encumbered with cells of pollen, is a serious matter to the producer who strives to put on the market only a first-class product. If it were not for this serious drawback, I should use the half-depth brood-chambers more than I do. They have many advantages over a deep frame, but for the purpose of contrac- tion when working for comb honey they are disappointing — at least to me. Perhaps some one will turn on the light of his experience and help me out of this pollen-polluted difficulty also. Forest City, Iowa. Bee-Keepiug in Switzerland. BY A. S. R08BNR0LL. If the degree of civilization of a nation could be measured by its attention to bee-keeping, then Switzerland certainly would take a foremost position in the ranks of civilized nations. The destiny and welfare of the bee-keeping industry are directed and watched over by not less than four bee- papers, (the property of the various bee-keepers' associations) of which two are published in the German, and one each in the French and Italian languages. Besides, most of the local newspapers, especially those treating on agricultural matters, give numerous articles and hints on bee-keeping. The country is well stocked with bees, and according to a former census there were in Switzerland 180,000 colonies of bees, or one colony to every 15 inhabitants. The bee-keeper's associations here are not only trade unions, or protective associations, but rather patriotic benevo- lent societies, whose object is to encourage bee-keeping among the country people in order to raise the national prosperity and create a pleasant and ennobling pastime and home indus- try for the professional man, the artisan and laborer, and their families, in their leisure hours. Many of the country schools are supplied with bee-houses and hives, for the use of the teachers, and where the scholars are also given practical instructions in the art of handling and managing bees. Some of the railway companies are also assisting their I employes, station officers and linemen to keep bees at suitable 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 649 points along their lines, in order to increase their home com- forts, and are supplying hives, building sheds, and paying premiums to them. Migratory bee-keeping receives considerable attention in many parts of the country, the bees being moved in the sum- mer after the hay-season, from the lower plains to the Alpine heights, where myriads of Alpine roses and other flowers offer them a rich and delicious pasture. Like most other countries, Switzerland has in times past had its craze for Italianizing, and not wisely but extensively supplanted the native black bee by the Italian, so that in many parts of the country the bees are gradually getting mon- grelized, and are becoming vicious and savage brutes. But bee-keepers are beginning to find out the error they have made, and are often, at considerable expense, returning to the indigenous bees, or Carniolan, a variety of the black bee. It is generally admitted here by all experienced and dis- interested bee-keepers, that the pure Germans or Caruiolans are the gentlest, the hardiest, and most industrious bees known. Their habitation — the north of Europe, with its long and severe winters, its cold winds and stormy season — would naturally, in the course of ages, evolve a hardy and indus- trious race, fit to survive such conditions. That they are bet- ter geometricians and build nicer, straigbter and more regular combs — in fact almost faultless — is beyond dispute. Sometimes we hear from a bee-keeper that his black bees are vicious, but if he were to examine them closely he would find that they arc not pure black, but have become mougrelized somehow. DEALING WITH LAYING WORKERS. The other day someone, thuough the American Bee Jour- nal, asked for information how to got rid of laying workers. We have them here, sometimes, especially in Italianized apiaries, but have no diCBculty in dealing with them. We re- move the affected hive from its old stand, about 100 feet away, under the shade of a tree, if possible ; in the meantime placing a similar hive with a little brood and a queen, or queen-cell, in its place. We then take from the affected hive in slow succession one frame after another, and brush and shake the bees gently into the air, setting the frames into the hive on the old stand, or putting them away. The worker- bees will thus find their way back into the hive on the old stand, and re-establish themselves with the new queen or queen-cell, while the layers, which had never left the hive be- fore, and would also be too heavy to fly, will fall to the ground and get lost. If this is done on a fine day when the bees are flying, and care is taken to prevent them forming into a clump, it will never fail, and is simple. Ollon, Switzerland, Aug. 20, 1895. What Dr. Miller Thinks. don't see why T should not continue to pay taxes to the same amount, for I think I have just as much need of protection to my property after the trade as before. Longevity in Bees. — Gen. J. VandeVord, on page 618, is right in attaching much importance to the matter of having workers that have a long lease of life, no matter whether the queens are prolific or not. If a week can be added to the life of a worker-bee, that means more than a fourth added to the amount of nectar it will gather, for the average worker spends only about 26 days in the field, and a week would be more than the fourth of 26 days. Giving Sections in the Fall. — I've thought it a good plan to allow no sections on after the white honey harvest was over, but the plan B. Taylor gives on page 614 sets one to thinking whether there may not be a gain by it, providing a fall flow is pretty sure. But where four times out of five the fall yield is a crop of propolis, I believe I'd rather leave the sections off. Time to put on Sections. — In his Toronto essay (page 614), Mr. Taylor says he puts sections on strong colonies 10 days before clover blooms. I wish he would tell us whether he means 10 days before the first white clover blossoms are seen, and if so, why he wants sections on so soon. In my location I have noticed for years that the first few clover blossoms are seen about 10 days before the bees seem to do much on clover. I like to have sections on before the bees get into their heads the first notion of swarming, but if I get them on immediately after I see the first clover bloom, I feel pretty safe. But I want to say to you Bro. Taylor, that in spite of the fact that I'm not strongly in favor of essays at conventions, that Toronto essay of yours was a mighty good and practical one. Taxing Bees.— On page 617, Rev. E. T. Abbott gives one excellent reason why bees should be taxed. Practice in this respect varies very much, bees being specially exempted from taxation, I think, in Iowa and perhaps elsewhere, while in the State of Illinois they are taxed in some places and not in others. I never could see any good reason why all colonies of bees should not be taxed. If I have $100 invested in cattle, on which I am taxed, and trade those cattle for bees, I Samuel Wagner. — I always supposed, until I read page 620, that the first editor of the American Bee Journal was a native-born German. His familiarity with all that pertained to bee-culture in Germany was of great value, certainly. Take the first iTolume of the Journal, and cut out everything that has a German tinge about it, and you will leave a rather thin •volume. Queens in Upper Stories. — Chester Belding says on page 625 that he has given cells in protectors in upper stories, knew they hatched out all right, but they were gone in a short time. My experience exactly; but then I always tried it somewhat early, and Doolittle says it should not be done till after the honey harvest. Perhaps Mr. Belding and others made the same mistake I did. Marengo, 111. The Results of 1895 "Footed Up." BY EDWIN BEVINS. The honey-flow now is about over here (Ang. 31) and the results of work in the apiary for 1895 can be footed up. My surplus will average something over 50 pounds per colony, spring count, and this "count" includes one colony that was found queenless at the commencement of the honey-flow, and another which, after swarming once, developed a laying worker and had to be broken up. Besides this, I have just doubled my number of colonies, after having three go to the woods, and doubling up two others. Every colony in the yard is now strong in numbers, with the brood-chambers full of the best of winter stores. Bees by the Pound. — About the middle of May I re- ceived from Texas, two 2-pound lots of bees with tested queens— one 3-banded, the other 5-banded. They were placed in 8-frame dove-tailed hives, and the hives filled with frames of foundation as needed. These lots have been treated exactly alike. Sections have been put on and taken off at the same time. The cost of the two lots was the same. The yellow bees have completed 82 sections of honey— the 3-banded have completed 84. So it seems that I have paid the price of two sections of honey for yellowness. In readiness to sting, I see but little difference between the two lots. They are not at all difficult to handle, but I have some milder-mannered bees in the apiary. Mr. McArthur will agree that this kind of migra- tory bee-keeping has not been unprofitable to me, when he learns that the cost of each lot was exactly $3.67j-3 each, and that the sections of honey bring 15 cents each. Large and Small Hives.— At considerable trouble and some expense I fitted up two of the Dadant extracting-hives with sections for comb honey. The bees in both hives were blacks, and I did not expect them to swarm. One of the colo- nies, however, swarmed twice. I had a colony of blacks in an 8-frame dove-tailed hive standing near, which I intended to work for comparison of results with one of the colonies in one of the big hives, This colony also swarmed twice. Supers were put on at the same time, and have not been disturbed except that an examination has been made now and then to see what progress has been made in them. The one on the big hive seems to be the nearest filled. The other colony in the big hive did not swarm and has stored about 80 pounds of honey. The product of the other colonies in big hives that did not swarm will be about 100 pounds each of extracted honey. It will be seen that the two 2-pound lots of Italian bees have produced about the same amount of honey as the colony of blacks in the big hive that did not swarm. I had no colonies of blacks in small hives that did not swarm, and so there is no chance for lair comparison.; >— ^ _ One colony of Italians in a standard hive, having a clipped queen, did not swarm, but two or three frames of brood were taken from it to strengthen other colonies. The work of this 650 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Oct. 10, colony has been the completion of about 100 sections of honey. If I were to stop here the judgment of apiarists, from what I have written, would most likely not bo favorable to the use of big hives for comb honey. I5ut there is another side to the picture. One in five of my colonies in the big hives have swarmed. All of my colonies in 8-frarae hives have swarmed, with the exceptions noted, viz.: one qiieenless, one with a clipped queen, and the two lots from Texas. Now if the other colonies in the S-frame hives had all been in the large hives, with combs all built, and only one in five had swarmed, I should have had more surplus honey than I have now. Apiarists can get some big yields from some of their colonies in small hives, but then they are quite liable to have a good many colonies from which they get no yield at all. Next season I shall make and use some hives 12 inches deep, and of a length and width to take the supers of the lO-frame dovetailed hive. This hive will have about the same capacity as the Dadant extracting-hives, and will be used for comb honey till 1 am satisfied that there is a positive disadvantage in using them. They will not be moved about much. I would like to avoid the many manipulations that seem to be necessary for the successful production of comb honey in the standard hive. The Bke-Escai'e. — It is often said, and doubtless with truth, that the smoker is the most indispensable thing in the apiary, but I have gotten a dreat deal of comfort this season out of the Porter bee-escape. There was one case of seeming failure, however. I put the escape on under a large extract- ing-case, one moruing, and towards night an examination showed that but few bees had passed out. The next morning it was the same way, and I left the escape on till the following morning. Then I found a good many bees on the combs, and ■was a good deal vexed, but concluded that I would smoke them out. After smoking and brushing awhile, I noticed that a good many bees were lying around not so large as they ought to bs, and they did not seera to know much. A further examination showed that the three middle frames were about half full of brood, and then my vexation towards the escape vanished like morning dew. Since writing the foregoing paragraph I have had another case of seeming failure of the escape to do its duty. It was put on one morning under a case of sections, and at evening the bees seemed to be all in the super that were there in the morning. It was left till the next morning, and then on rais- ing the cover I found the bees all there. Very reluctantly I resolved to smoke them out, as they were the gentlest bees and the best workers in the yard. When the escape was re- moved, a good many bees stuck to the boards, and they were Jaid to one side with it while I smoked the others. No further attention was paid to them till some time in the afternoon, when I wanted the escape to put on another hive. On picking it up, there was seen a small cluster of bees under a shady corner of the board. A few of these bees clung to the board, and among them was the queen. Then my faith in the escape returned. I carried the queen to the entrance of the hive, and saw her run in, with a good deal of satisfaction. Three-Banded Bees. — I hope a certain Texas queen- breeder will not be offended if I here record the preformance of one of the 3-banded Italian queens which I got in the spring of 18H4. The colony of which she was the head sent out a swarm May 0. Another swarm issued from the same hive 12 days later. Then the first swarra has swarmed twice, and the second one once this summer. The original colony got so strong a few days ago that a 2-frame nucleus was taken from it to keep it from swarming again. This makes six colonies and one nucleus due to this queen this season. Her bees are the gentlest I ever handled. No accurate record of the honey taken from these six colonies has been kept, but it is not less than one full case of sections from each colony. All of them have eases on at this date (Aug. 27), and it is safe to say that they are half filled. Another colony, with one of the same breeder's queens, swarmed early, and the swarm swarmed July 15. Since then this last swarm has filled a big lO-frame extracting hive full of honey and brood, and is itself threatening to swarm. Manipulations. — In conclusion, I will remark that here- tofore I have read apiarian literature partly with a view to learn what manipulations successful bee-keepers go through with in the management of their bees. Hereafter it will be ray study to avoid as many manipulations as possible, and at the same time secure good results in surplus honey. Leon, Iowa. CONDUCTED By Rei'. Emerson T. Abbott, St. «7osepli, AIo. Instinct. — "The bees are gathering honey and pollen for the sustenance of generations yet unborn, thus furnishing a striking illustration of that foresight which, for want of a better name and to conceal our ignorance, we call instinct." — Mr. Weed, in "Ten New England Blossoms." Very true, that word instinct has been used all aloni? down the ages to explain all the actions of animals, which man in his egotism has refused to call intelligence. A noted French writer says : "For ourselves, we have never well understood what people mean by instinct ; and we frankly grant to the bees intelligence, as we do also to many animals. The great num- ber of the acts of their life seem to be the result of an idea, a mental deliberation, a determination come to after examina- tion and reflection." Locating their home is one of these acts on the part of the bees. While lecturing at the State University, the Professor of Biology asked me how I accounted for some of the acts of the bees. I replied that they know things the same as men and women. I was pleased to note his reply, as it was in har- mony with my own views. He remarked : " There can be no question about that ; it is very convenient to call it instinct, but it is knowledge just the same." Romanes says: " Instinct is the conscious performance of actions that are adaptive in character, but pursued without necessary knowledge of the relation between the means em- ployed and the ends attained." According to this definition of instinct, the bees surely have something more, for who will deny that they do not have the "necessary knowledge of the relation between the means employed and the end attained," when they take a worker-larva and give it the proper food, or quantity of food, to produce a queen ? If they do not do some reasoning — thinking, if you please — about the matter, how do they know when to give the food and when to withhold it ? This is ouly one of a great many acts on the part of the bees which cannot be accounted for except on the ground of intelli- gence. Romanes well says: "We must, however, remember that instiuctive actions are very commonly tempered with what Huber calls ' a little dose of judgment, or reason.'" Notwithstanding this admission, he, like many others, labors hard to show that there is a wide chasm between reason and instinct, but to me it seems to be a "distinction without a dif- ference." I much prefer to fall in with the idea of the Frenchman quoted above, and "frankly graut to the bee in- telligence." I know this idea is not so flattering to man's egotism, but it is more in harmony with the facts, and the ad- vanced ideas of the 19th century. Carrying Es^gs. — The British bee-keepers have been discussing this subject, and in the British Bee Journal of Aug. 29th, Mr. Peter Scattergood, who seems to be a careful obser- ver, gives some facts which are worth repeating. To a colony, which has been queenless for some days, he introduced a queen by caging her on one of the combs. There were no signs of eggs or unsealed brood in the hive. She was left caged five days. Some 200 cells were filled with brood while the queen was caged, and the inference is that the queen dropped the eggs while in the cage, and the bees gath- ered them up. Both drones and workers were reared from this brood. The bees were much lighter than any others in Mr. S.'s apiary, as his other bees were all black, so that he is quite sure that the eggs could not have been l^id by any other queen than the one caged. He says : "The fact of workers and drones of a distinctly Ji(/?iter color to any of my bees resulting from the eggs deposited in the cells, furnishes a complete corroboration of the theory that the eggs were laid by the queen while caged, and were carried by the bees into the cells in which the workers and drones mentioned have been reared." If this be true — the evidence as given seems very convinc- ing— it does away with the theory that the shape of the cell has anything to do with the kind of eggs which the queen lays. It also establishes the fact that the workers know when an egg has been fertilized ; for, if they did not, how would they know to put the drone-eggs into the proper cells? This all seems very strange at first thought, but it is not so strange after all, for it has its analogy in other families of social in- 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 651 sects. Almost every one has seen ants carrying their eggs from one place to another. The family of insects, called ter- mites— or sometimes white ants, but in no way related to the ants — carry away the eggs as fast as the queen, or mother termite, lays them. When the queen is filled with eggs, she is unable to move. Comstock says she looks more like a potato than anything else at this time. Her sole business, like that of the mother-bee, is to lay eggs, and as fast as she lays them they are carried into other departments and cared for by the workers, as are also the young when they are hatched out. Wilson says that occasionally a new nest, or tarmitariiim, as it is technically called, may be found, in which king and queen are absent, and which contains workers only. "These, however," he says, "gradually prepare the nest for full com- pletion by bringing eggs from other cells from a neighboring termitarium, for which the due population of the colony will be in time produced." The reader will notice that in this case the workers not only move the eggs about in their own nest, but go to neigh- boring nests and secure the necessary eggs to produce a queeu if for any cause they are compelled to do so. With these facts before us, it should not seem strange that bees carry eggs from one cell to another. So far as I am personally concerned, I am prepared to accept as an established fact that bees do move eggs, and I should not be greatly surprised to learn that in rare instances they even carry them from other hives. If termites carry eggs in this way, why not bees? CONunCTED By DR. J. p. n. BROWX, AUGUSTA, GA. [Please send all questions relating to bee-keeping In the South direct to Dr. Brown, and he will answer in this department.— Ed. 1 The International Bec-Kecpers' Congrcs§. This gathering meets at Atlanta, Ga., Dec. 4th and 5th. The Exposition at that time will be at its best, and the rail- road rates the lowest. It will be a large convention of bee- keepers. Make your arrangements to go. Sumac Honey. Dr. Brown : — On page 574, you say: "Sumac is a good honey-plant, but the honey is very dark." I wish to say that my observation is quite different from yours. At my home apiary, a good portion of the honey is from white sumac, which begins to bloom about the first of June, and continues 15 to 20 days. While it is blooming there is little else from which the bees gather honey, so that I have a good opportu- nity to observe. The honey that I get at that time is a light golden color. C. C. Parsons. Bessemer, Ala. Answer.- — It is a fact, with the " why and wherefore" not -^ell understood, that the shade of honey of the same vari- ety of plant frequently varies in different sections of the coun- try, and also with the season. For instance : Mr. Parsons, of Bessemer, Ala., says that sumac honey with him is of a golden yellow, while the honey gathered from sumac in this portion of Georgia is quite dark ; though he says his is gathered from the while sumac. The variety with me is Rhus c/Uibrum. Now there are four or five varieties of Rhus. I don't know what he calls the white variety, but I presume it is the same variety we have here. The Te.\as 8lalc Convention. The Texas State Bee-Keepers' Association held its ISth convention on Aug. 21, 1895, being its first semi-annual meet- ing. The members were pained to learn on meeting that the President, Dr. W. K. Marshall, could not be present on ac- count of illness. It was held at the Graham hive-factory, in Greenville. It was opened by the Vice-President, who gave an address of welcome, and told in his good-humored way that he always loved to meet the bee-keepers of his country, and when he was only a boy how glad be was to hear the old dinner-horn blow, for that was the way they settled the swarms of bees in those days. The members present were as as follows : Vice-Pres. W. R. Graham, J. L. Strickland, D. T. Willis, Clay Dodson, B. F. Yancy, A. B. Spradling, W. D. Spradling, G. B. Pierce, James Yancy, W. W. Strickland, W. T. Boyd, Melvin Kimbro, R. D. Waddle, R. E. Spradling, W. H. White, H. L. Bolton, Alva White, David Yancy. Jr., W. N. Pedigo, G. E. West, R. E. L. Peck, and E. F. H. Mattox. There were 650 colonies of bees represented. There had been but little honey taken up to date — 3,375 pounds being reported. QUESTION-BOX. How can we market our honey to the best advantage? The prevailing idea was to get it in as attractive shape as pos- sible, in small packages, and to give honey in samples. What size sections are best? Some preferred 4^x1%, while some the smaller ones. Which is the most profitable to produce, comb honey at 123-2 cents per pound, or extracted at 10 cents per pound? Extricted, much more so, as it was thought that almost twice as much extracted honey could be secured as comb. What advantage is the queen-excluding honey-board to the honey-producer ? Only to keep the queen below. Is there any advantage in extracting from the brood-nest to give the queen room ? It was decided there was some. How many colonies should a person have to justify him in buying an extractor ? 6 to 10. Will extracting from the brood-nest stop the work in the sections ? Yes. Are there two kinds of moth-worms? We have only one kind of moth-worm. We also have a wax-worm. Is it profitable to plant sweet clover for pasturage ? It was thought profitable to plant all vacant spots and waste- places. All were urged to try the experiment. The organization of county bee-keepers' associations was discussed, and thought to be of great value to bee-keepers. How can I Italianize my apiary the quickest and cheap- est way ? Plans were given by several members, and were very interesting. Increase of colonies and how, was explained by W. R. Graham. The awards for exhibits were as follows : For best sample of comb honey, R E. L. Peck received a honey-knife. For best sample of extracted honey, H. L. Bolton received a honey-knife. For best bees, W. H. White received a book, " Langstroth on the Honey-Bde." R. E. L. Peck reported foul brood in his apiary. The convention adjourned to meet on the first Wednesday and Thursday in April, 1896. W. H. White, Sec. Deport, Tex. Tiering^ up Supers. Dr. Brown: — My bees have gathered but little honey dur- ing this year until recently. Now, however, they are quite busy, so much so, that I have been obliged to put on second supers, which also are being filled quite rapidly. 1. This Piedmont section corresponds largely with that of Georgia. Will you please tell me what plants the bees are working so vigorously ? 2. Is it likely," under ordinary conditions, that a moder- ate honey-flow will continue from fall flowers until frost ? 3. I have one very strong colony of yellow Italian bees, which seem to be at work night and day. This hive, at pres- ent, consists of 10 brood-frames, and two supers have been placed above. Now it is evident they are still crowded. Sup- pose I had placed three or four supers on the hive, at the be- ginning, instead of one, would that have induced more bees to be employed at the same time ? also, would the work finally done in each super, have been as well done ; i. e., as many sections well capped, as in the old method of tiering up ? Sourwood blossoms were abundant during the past sum- mer, but my observations of them corresponds with your state- ment of your part of Georgia — very little honey is gathered from them by the bees. W. LkGette. Forest City, N. C, Sept 10. Answers. — 1. I presume they must be working on the golden-rod and aster. 2. The aster blooms till killed by frost, and is one of (he best fall honey-plants we have. 8. I do not think it a good plan to put on too many empty supers at once. When one is partly filled raise it up, and place one empty one beneath. When too many are put on at once, the bees are more reluctant to commence work in them— they seem to look upon the job before them as too big to tackle. 652 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Oct. 10, G&orQ-G W. Vor7f, - - Hditor. pobijIShed weekly by GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, 56 Fittb Avenue, - CHICAGO, ILL. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. (Bntered at the PoeUOfflce at ChicaKo as Second-Class Mail-Matter.l Vol. niV, CEICAGO, ILL,, OCT. 10, 1895. No, 41. Editorial Budgets Father Langstrotb Passes A^vay.— Just as the Bee Journal goes to press (Monday forenoon), I learn through a Chicago dally paper that Father Langstroth died of apoplexy yesterday (Oct. 6) while preaching to a large audi- ence at his home in Dayton, Ohio. Bee-keepers in all lands will receive the sad news with deep regret, and extend heart- felt sympathy to the bereaved relatives. Next week I will likely be able to give a more extended notice. Mr. Harry Lathrop, of Browntown, Wis., made the Bee Journal office a very pleasant call last Friday. Mr. L. is one of the foremost bee-men of that great honey-produc- ing State just north of Illinois. mildred Susan Calvert is her name. She is the newest and sweetest " little queen " now at the " Home of the Honey-Bees." But she's not for sale. " Mildred" was born Sept. 29, 1895. Long may she live, and prove to be a great blessing to Brother and Sister Calvert, and to the whole world. Heartiest congratulations to her parents and all the Rootvill- ians — including " Grandpa " and " Grandma " Root : Mr. G. BI. DooIittle'S Address at the Toronto convention was entirely extempore — at least be had no manu- script, so the Secretary did not get it — but a kind friend who was able to recall the gist of the speecl^ has sent it to me, which I give here : SOMETHINS OF INTEREST TO BEE-KEEPERS. After a recess had been taken, during which many went away, or scattered about the school grounds, Mr. Doollttle gave an off-hand address. He said, in brief, that much had been said about the best hives, the best way of securing a large crop of honey, how best to winter bees, etc., so he thought best to speak of a few things not usually spoken of, or written about. He thought that bee-keepers did not fully keep the command of loving others as ourselves ; took the ground that all mankind was our brother, which ground Thos. Jefferson, the Apostle Paul, and Jesus Christ stood firmly upon. Bee-keepers were wont to hold back their best thoughts and things from others, unless they could have a financial compensation for them, while the Good Book said, " Freely ye have received, freely give," and "In honor preferring one another." He told how bee-keepers would go back on each other for some trivial offence, and would not have anything to do with each other ever afterward, and gave the illustration of Henry Clay and the musket, which story is as familiar as a nursery rhyme to many, to illustrate the great truth which the Master gave, that we should forgive " till seventy times seven." Mr. Doollttle next spoke about the habit bee-keepers sometimes got into of "kicking" and growling about each other, the low price of honey, etc., till the whole air was "blue;" gave illustrations of how the price of honey com- pared favorably with that of wheat, barley, wool, etc., pro- duced by the agriculturist ; and told the story about the two drunken men who got into the same bed and began kicking each other till one was kicked out, to illustrate that this kick- ing habit was sure to land some one outside the fraternal feel- ings which was said to predominate among apiarists. He next touched upon the subject of each bee-keeper wanting credit for everything along apicultural lines, which such an one had brought to public notice, that they might appear great, or get much honor to themselves, while the Master said, " He that would be great among you, let him be your servant;" and gave the story of the sinking ship, and the old mate, who preferred to stay on the ship and die, to taking his rightful "lot," (that the Captain might go on the life-boat, and bring up his boys in the fear of God. that they might bless the world) as an illustration of true honor and greatness in the sight of Heaven. This story was told so touchingly that many eyes grew moist, and many apparently resolved on less unselfish lives. Then the "adulteration of honey" matter was touched upon, Mr. Doollttle taking the ground that we had said too much on this matter and acted too little. He said we should first strive for effective laws making the adulteration of honey a crime in the sight of the law, and then bring the offender of that law to a just punishment for his crime ; after which the papers should simply note the fact that Mr. So-and-So had been caught criminally adulterating honey, and was paying the penalty for the same. This he argued would put a whole- some restraint upon all would-be sinners, without casting a stigma upon our product, which our course of the past has done, leading many to think that most of the honey on the market was adulterated. This was also illustrated by an ap- propriate anecdote which kept the audience in the best of humor, even if some did not agree with all the speaker said. In closing, he took the ground that each should weigh every question which came before them, subjecting it to the light which shone from the Divine Page, and thus decide as to its being right or wrong, and having decided that it was wrong, no one had any business with it, and if right it should be stood by, though such standing caused the person to stand all alone, for it was far better to stand alone in the right than to go wrong with a multitude. Mr. Doolittle's address was a masterly production, and it is to be regretted that so many members of the convention were away, or straggled in while he was speaking, thus losing a part or all of the address. A Friend. Mr. Cbas. Dadant — the best known Frenchman bee-keeper in .this country — I had a very pleasant visit with on Monday, Sept. 30, at the Union Depot here in Chicago, while he was waiting a short time for a train on another road to take him to his home in Hamilton, III. He had been for some seven weeks at Sturgeon Bay, Wis., to escape the alUic- tion of a hay-fever siege. Although Bro. Dadant is-78 years of age, he seems still hale and hearty. We had (to me) a very pleasant chat — atout apicultural things and people. Bee Journal readers will soon enjoy reading some articles from his pen, upon the best size of hives. Mr. D.'s experience covers a period of over 30 years in France and America. He has experimented with nearly every kind of hive and frame brought forward in that time, and settled long ago upon his present hive as the best. He will answer many interesting questions about hives, and will accompany some of his articles with illustrations. We all will be eager to read what he has to say. Rev. "W. F. Clarke, of Canada, spent about a week, the latter part of September, visiting relatives and friends in Chicago. He returned a week ago last Monday. Mr. A. J. Mercer, of Kansas, made quite a dis- play of apiarian things at the Crowley, Kans., Fair recently. The local newspaper, in part, said this concerning it: A. J. Mercer had a display of bees, bee-hives, and honey- boxes, with the machinery and material for manufacturing ; 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 653 also comb foundation. Mr. M. was present with his display and gave all the necessary information concerning the con- struction of hives, the habits of bees, the method of handling them, etc. This is probably the first time that bees in ;ill their workings have been shown in Cowley county during an agricultural Fair. What better way is there to advertise honey and the bee- business than the above ? Such displays are great educators, and will aid much in dispelling the prevalent misconceptions concerning the bee and its management. Bee-keepers should embrace every opportunity possible to place the bee-keeping industry before the public in its true light. Xlie Xoronto Convention Report.— The last installment of this Report came to the Bee Journal office, from Secretary Hutchinson, to-day, Oct. 2 — within less than a month after the meeting closed ! And this while Bro. H. has not been at all well. It has been a real pleasure to me, to re- ceive the Report so promptly, after the unfortunate experi- ence of a year ago. By the way, that undelivered balance of the St. Joseph Report must still be quietly snoozing somewhere down in Washington, D. C. At this writing, it has not been received at this office. ^-.-». Mr. Byron 'Walker, of Evart, Mich., called last week. He reports a crop of 30,000 pounds of willowherb honey alone, this year. Mr. Walker usually spends several months each fall and winter in Chicago selling honey. ^rr)or)^ \\)€ Bee-Papers SOME STBAT STRAWS FROM GLEANINGS. Crimson clover is also called scarlet clover, German clover, German mammoth clover, and Italian clover. Its botanical name is TrifoUiim iiicarnotttm. Punic bees are no longer mentioned. Yet wherever any of that jet-black blood is left in my apiary I find good workers. But they're cross, and not Si to make comb honey. They make watery combs, and, oh the bee-glOe ! Honey-vinegar is perhaps not made as much as it should be. A writer in British Bee Journal says: "By using an extra quantity of honey one gets a splendid acid beverage that will compare favorably with raspberry vinegar." In England, where crimson clover is grown with some dif- ficulty, it is said to winter-kill if sown on newly-plowed land, but to pass the winter uninjured if merely harrowed in on stubble." — Bulletin 125, Michigan Experiment Station. That is, sow on hard rather than mellow ground. Rape is a great honey-plant in Germany and elsewhere, but is little known in this country. The Stockman thinks it is destined to become much better known here ; and Prof. Thos. Shaw is '• certain that it is to bo a great factor in solving the problem of cheap-mutton production." "Am pasturing six sheep and ten lambs in fine form on an acre of land." THE WEIGHT OF BEES LOADED AND EMPTY. Prof. B. F. Koons, President of the Connecticut Agricul- tural College, has given some very interesting figures in Gleanings. Two years ago he found 4,141 to 5,669 workers in a pound, using scales so delicately adjusted as to show one- millionth part of a pound. This year he investigated the load of a bee and says : "The following is the result of weighing several hundred each, of the returning and outgoing bees. The smallest num- ber of bees necessary to carry one pound of honey, as shown by my results, is 10,154; or, in other words, one bee can carry one ten thousand one hundred and fifty-fourth part of a pound of honey; and the largest number, as shown by the results, required to carry a pound is 45,641 ; and the average of all the sets weighed is 20,167. Perhaps, then, it is approx- imately correct to say that the average load of a bee is one twenty-thousandth of a pound ; or in other words, if a colony has 20,01j0 bees in it, and each makes one trip a day, they will add one pound to their stores. Of course, not all the bees in a colony leave the hive, the nurses remaining at home, hence necessitating more trips of those which do ' go a-field.' " I also repeated my observations of two years ago on the weight of bees, and found that my numbers ran from 3,680 to 5,49.5 in a pound, and the average about 4,800, the same as in my former test. I likewise secured the following on the weight of drones : Of a dozen or more weighed, the largest would require 1,808 to make a pound, and the smallest 2,122 or an average of about 2,000 dones in a pound, over against nearly 5,000 workers." SOME LITERATURE AT TORONTO. The practice of circulating special circulars and dodgers, as was done at the last meeting of the North American Bee-Keep- ers'Association during its sessions, was not very creditable to the writers of such matter, or considerate to those in attendance, especially the person who happened to have the floor at the time. If the pet notions and supposed grievances of the writ- ers of these circulars cannot bo brought to the attention of bee-keepers in any other way, it were better that they remain in oblivion. Such practices were condemned at the time, and always should be. We refer to the distribution of the pam- phlet entitled "Bees," attacking Geo. W. York and others, by Frank Benton, and a dodger advertising a booklet by W. F. Clarke, defending sugar-honey production, and attack- ing Ontario's foul-brood inspector, Wm. McEvoy. — Editorial in Gleanings. DOOLITTLE AT TORONTO. An editorial in Gleanings says : " G. M. Doolittle's genial face, and eloquent words on some things of interest to bee-keepers were a treat indeed. The address deserved a larger hearing. His first plea was for more brotherly love, less desire for honor and self-aggrandize- ment, more willingness to impart, for the common good, valu- able ideas gained in our own experience. ' Freely ye have received, freely give.' Along the line of honey-adulteration he believes that more work (detective work, if need be) and less talk would accomplish a great deal more. At present, though a great deal has been said, practically nothing has been accomplished to stop adulteration. Here is work that the Union ought to take up. If a few samples were made in convicting aud punishing adulterators, they would be more careful." Cai;)adiat) Beedoj^^ Mr. McArthur's Bees and Bee-Forage. The Toronto Convention had no lack of side-shows and ex- tra attractions. There was the city itself, with its lovely pri- vate homes, beautiful parks, business palaces, and magnificent public buildings. The Industrial Fair was going on, which Toronto people, with pardonable pride, are fond of calling "the biggest show on earth." But to bee-keepers, the most attractive side-show was that of Mr. John McArthur, who cor- dially invited all and sundry to visit his isolated bee-yard, lo- cated on the island. About 40 of us accepted the invitation, and enjoved a rare treat. Toronto Island is a tract of land ■formed o'f sand washed up by the rivers— Niagara, Humber and Don— situated in Lake Ontario, directly opposite the city, and forming a spacious harbor. The island is about two miles from the main land, comprising 5,000 acres, and some two miles, or a little less, in width. Ten years ago it was a barren desert. Now part of it is laid out in a large park. Thousands of nectar-yielding trees have been planted, white clover grows luxuriantly, aud there is a greatly varied flora. The city owns the island, and a permit is needed to put anything on it, even bees. Mr. McArthur has obtained a concession of a large portion of it, on the condition of bis seeding it down with plants fitted to keep the sand from shifting and drifting with the wind. He has already sown well-nigh all the honey-produ- cing plants that will flourish in this climate, and what was formerly a wilderness and a solitary place, now "blossoms as the rose." Its isolation from wild and other bees is complete, and it is the very ideal of a spot for breeding queen-bees " to a feather." To this lovely seclusion we made our way on one of the 654 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Oct. 10, ferry-boats. Mr. McArthur claims to have laid the founda- tion here of a race of non-stinging bees. Not but that they have slings that arc f nlly developed. His claim is that they are bred of such gentle parentage thoy have lost the disposi- tion to sting. The exhibition made by him certainly goes far to establish his claim. On our arrival at the apiary the first thing he did was to kick over a hive tilled with bees. We nat- urally turned tail and lied to a respectful distance, expecting that the bees would swarm out in angry thousands. But be- yond the appearance of a few guards to see what was the mat- ter, there was no demonstration whatever. Mr. McArthur set the hive right side up, and immediately kicked it over again from the other direction. Still there was no sign of re- sentment. Putting the hive in place again, he at once pro- ceeded, without use of veil or gloves, to open the hive and take out the frames. The bees were quieter than flies. They seemed unconscious that anything out of the way had hap- pened. We all drew near and examined them at our leisure. The queen was easily found, and a beautiful one she was. Talk of five-banded queens ! This queen was yellow all over, from head to tip. The shade of yellow was light, a kind of straw color, not bright golden. She somewhat resembled the lighter class of leather-colored Italians. Tne workers were of similar hue, and, singly, reminded one of Dr. Miller and his stray straws. We inspected several hives, the queens and workers being wonderfully uniform in appearance, and all having the same characteristic of gentleness. Many were the expressions of astonishment and admira- tion. Mr. Doolittle said, '-This knocks the wind out of my sails." Mr. Benton expressed a very decided opinion that a new breed of bees had been originated. Mr. Calvert thought they had some bees just as quiet at the " Home of the Honey- Bees." Most of us were speechless, but like the noted parrot, " thought the more." It was a new thing under the sun to all of us. We " lingered near" like Mary's little lamb, and in- wardly wished that all our apiaries were stocked with bees of a similar disposition. We admired the drones, next to the queens. Big, burly " fellows" nearly as yellow all over as the queens, and very much alike in size and marking — we thought what desirable fathers they were ! The workers were large, shapely, and active in their movements. Mr. McArthur as- sured us that their working qualities were all that could be desired. It looked liked it, for at the close of a very bad season the hives were well stocked with stores, and some extracting had been done. The bees were busy on melilot clover, of which two varieties have been sown — the white and yellow — the white being apparently most frequented by the bees. They were also at work on the golden-rod, of which there are two species in bloom, one the common kind with spiral and bent-over heads, and the other having a flat head and somewhat brighter color. Mr. McArthur considers the flat-top variety the best honey-yielder. A large number of other flowers were in bloom, and a late crop of white clover seemed to be giving nectar, for the bees were thick upon it. The profusion of flowers made it look more like spring than fall. It is not necessary here to detail the minutia of Mr. Mc- Arthur's efforts to establish a race of pure-bred and docile bees. A full account of the process from his own pen may be found in two numbers of the American Bee Journal — those of Nov. 29, and Dec. 6, 1894. I may just say, for the informa- tion of those who have no file of the journal named to refer to, that Mr. McArthur commenced operations with a choice Car- niolan queen, and some hand-picked Italian drones of the old J. H. Thomas, of Brooklyn, Out., stock. Crossing has been carried to the 2ith degree, and, from the 17th cross, Mr. Mc- Arthur thinks the strain has been fully established. There has been no " harking back " since then. The course pursued has been similar to that adopted by the great cattle-breeders, to whom we are indebted for the Shorthorn, Hereford, Jersey, and other bovine races, with two important points of difler- ence. First, sire and daughter cannot couple, nor mother and son, because the sire dies at mating, and the mother is fertil- ized but once during her life-time. A second important diff- erence is that the strongest, fleetest, and best drone secures possession of the virgin queen when she takes her wedding flight. So the principles of " natural selection " and "survival of the Attest" have full swing. This therefore cannot be called " in-and-in breeding, " such as must be practiced to es- tablish a race of cattle. Yet in spite of the closest relation- ship between sire and mother, in breeding choice races of cat- tle, vigorous and healthful progeny is obtained. In breeding bees, the guaranties for this are much more certain, for the reasons just given. After the convention was over, the writer took time to visit Mr. McArthur's home apiary, and melilot clover planta- tions. The apiary is located close to one of the frequented thoroughfares in the city. The trolley cars run within 50 feet of the bee-hives, and foot passengers throng still nearer. But the bees annoy no one. A similar process of rough hand- ling to that witnessed on the Island was gone through here, with the same result. Bees were scooped up by the handful, and the operators breath was blown on them in close puffs, but not a bee hoisted its tail, or showed the slightest sign eitherof anger or disturbance. " It was never so seen in Israel," or anywhere in the course of my travels and observations among bees. Mr. McArthur is as peculiarly well situated for the culti- vation of bee-forage, as he is for the production of pure and quiet bees. His home is on the bank of a high and steep ra- vine, which stretches along in a curve all around North To- ronto. There are hundreds of acres too steep to be climbed by cattle. Here his bee-forage can flourish undisturbed by man or beast. For a number of years he has been sowing honey- yielding plants of all kinds in these places, which may almost be said to be accessible only to bees. The extent of his seed- ings may be gathered from the fact that he expects to harvest at least a hundred bushels of melilot clover seed alone this fall, besides golden-rod, catnip, mint, mignonette and other nectar-giving plants " too numerous to mention." Mr. McArthur is enthusiastic in his praise of melilot clover, notonly as a bee-forage, but for general agricultural purposes. He showed me where an old lady lives, who has several cows that have lived all summer and given abundance of milk by cropping at one of his melilot plantations. This plant grows on barren soils, and flourishes in spite of the worst spells of drought. Horses as well as cows eat it freely. The taste ap- pears to be an acquired one, but once established, is like the fondness of human beings for tomatoes. It stays. Mr. Mc- Arthur has also a very liigh opinion of the plant on account of its value as a fertilizer, which he thinks only second to that of red clover. As a Canadian bee-keeper, 1 am proud of the work done by two of my fellow-countrymen in the way of improving the races of bees. Mr. D. A. Jones was the pioneer in the work, and spent a large amount of time and money in testing various breeds of bees on isolated islands in the Georgian Bay. He had Holy Island, Cyprus Island and Italy Island, and demon- strated the superiority of the Italians to his entire satisfaction. Now, Mr. McArthur on Toronto Island seems to have discov- ered that the blending of the two gentlest known races of bees results in a breed more amiable than either. Personal inspec- tion on the part of so large a number of practical bee-keepers during and just after the recent convention, dispels all doubt that a great and good work has been done, for " in the mouth of many witnesses shall every word be established." Liberal Book Premiums are offered on page 658, for the worlf of getting new subscribers to the Bee Jour- nal. It is a fine chance to get a complete apicultuial library. Think of it — 40 cents' worth of books given to the one send- ing a new subscriber ! Remember, please, that only present subscribers to the Bee Journal can take advantage of that offer. The publishers of the Bee Journal believe in making it an object for the old subscribers to push for new readers among their neighbors and friends, hence tlie generous pre- lum offers to them. It is hoped that all may begin now to work. Sample copies of the Bee Journal free. ■*-—¥■ The Alsike Clover L,eaflet consists of 2 pages, with illustrations, showing the value of Alsike clover, and telling how to grow it. This Leaflet is just the thing to hand to every farmer in your neighborhood. Send to the Bee Jour- nal office for a quantity of them, and see that they are dis- tributed where they will do the most good. Prices, postpaid, are as follows : 50 for 25 cents ; 100 for 40 cents ; or 200 for TO cents. Xlie KIcEvoy Poul Brood Treatment is given in Dr. Howard's pamphlet on " Foul Brood ; Its Natural History and Rational Treatment." It is the latest publication on the subject, and should be in the hands of every bee-keeper. Price, 25 cents ; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year —both for $1.10. <-•-» NO'W is the Time to work for new subscribers. Why not take advantage of the offers made on paga 658 ? 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 655 THE BEE-KEEPER'S GUIDE -OK- MANUAL OF THE APIARY. PROF. A. J. COOK. This 15th and latest edition of Prof. Cook's magnificent book of 460 pages, in neat and substantial cloth binding, we propose to give away to our present sub- scribers, for the work of getting new subscribers for the American Bee Journal. A description of the book here is quite unnecessary — it is simply the most com- coniplete scientific and practical bee-book published to-day. Fully illustrated, and all written in the most fascinating style. The author is also too well-known to the whole bee-world to require any introduction. No bee-keeper is fully equipped, or his library complete, without "The Bee-Keeper's Guide." Read This New Offer. Send us Three New Subscribers to the Bee Journal (with $3.00), and we will mail YOU a copy of Prof. Cook's book free as a premium, and also a copy of the 160-page " Bees and Honey " to each New Subscriber. Prof. Cook's book alone is .$1.2t), or we ciub it with the Bee Journal for a year — both together for .^1.75. But surely anybody can get only 3 new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year, and thus get the book as a premium. Let everybody try for it. We want to give away 10(.)0 copies of this book by Jan. 1. Will you have one ? GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 56 Fifth Ave., CHICAGO, ILLS. California %* If you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers Climate or Resources, send tor a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper — The Pacific Rural Press The leading- Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated, 82.40 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL PRES§, 220 Market St.. - SAN FRANCISCO. CAL. THBOAT AND LUNG DISEASES, DR. PEIRO, Specialist Offices: 1019, 100 State St., CHICAGO. Hours 9 to 4. A GIVEN PRESS. APIARIAN SUPPLIES I^?Lt°e?f#el Keeper"— how to manage bees, etc.— 25 cts. The "'Model Coop." for hen and her brood. Wyandotte, Lang^shan and Leghorn Kg-g-s foi batchlnff. Cat. free, hut state what vou want. ^J. W. ROUSE & CO.. Mexico, Mo. WANTED ! 10,000 pounds of BEESWAX, for Cash. Address, liEAHV niFCCO., Higginsville, ITIo. READERS or this Journal who write to asiy of our advertisers, either in ordering;, or a!>blng about the Goods offered, will please state that they saw the Advertisement in this paper- This celebrated Press formakmg^Cnmb Foun- datioD is acknowledged to make it most ac- ceptable to the bees. I have one which has been used, but is in perfect order. The outfit consists of — 1 Given Press with Lever, 11x16^4 Inches. 4 Dipping-Boards. 10.xl6V4. 4 Dipi)ing-Boarcis, 10x12. 2 Dipping-Boards. 6,xl614. 2 Double Boilers tor Wax. 1 Book of Dies. 9x1614. 1 Book of Dies, 9x12. The outfit cost over SlOO, and iB a great bar- gain for any one desiring to make Foundation for personal use. I offer it for $50.00, free on board cars here. Thos. G. IVewnian, "'cHicioSf/i"!.^^" mmm%. liEEMilVES, §;hippi«g@ases We make a Specialty of these Goods, and defy Competition in QXJA.LiIT'X', ■WOK-K:i>^A.N"SIiIF and FK,ICE3S. P?~ Write for Free Illustrated Catalogue and Price-List. G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis. ^^ Be sure to mention the American Bee Journal when you write. _^ Qerjeral Itctrjs* Bees Paid Well. In 180:^ and 1S!)4 we had to feed our bees to keep them through the winter, but this season they are trying themselves. Those that took care of them and fed them, so as to winter them sate, and they are few, are now getting from 100 to 150 pounds per colony. I have two colonies that will pro- duce nearly 130 pounds each. I kept them at work, so they did not swarm. I had four colonies last fall, and got them through safe (packed them — see American Bee Jour- nal for June 14, 189.3), but in the spring they were weak, so I united them into two colonies, and they have paid well for it all. T. HOLLINGWOKTH. DeWitt, Nebr., Sept. 13. A Good Season, After All. We have had a most singular year so far. The spring opened three weeks earlier than usual. I put my bees on the summer stands (apart of them) the latter part of March ; the weather was fine, and continued so into April and May. We looked for a big honey crop, but alas', there came a change in the aspect of things; the hives in early May were full of bees, and in the best of condition to gather in the nectar from the white clover and other bloom. The heavy freezing we had killed all the bass- wood bloom, as well as most of the rasp- berries—in fact, it looked as though we were doomed to have a total failure in the honey crop— the first time in 30 years. The bees began to lug out the drones all through the month of July ; there was but little swarming. But a change has come for the better. Since August came in, honey has come in, and now the bees are coming in loaded, and are rushing the business. Some of the col- onies have filled the second set of supers. One of my neighbors said he would get, or had gotten, l.iO pounds of section honey from three colonies. The honey is gathered mostly, if not wholly, from wUd flowers, of which the golden-rod bears a most con- spicuous part. We are selling honey for 15 cents per pound. It is of excellent quality, very white, and of heavy body, or "thick," as some would say. We in this northern region use mostly the 8 and 10 frame stan- dard Langstroth hives, and winter our bees in cellars. L. Allen. Loyal, Clark Co., Wis., Sept. 16. Experience with Bees, Etc. When a mere boy, 50 years ago. it was my delight to go off in the morning with my father, take a twist of rags on fire, and blow the smoke on the bees after be had pried off the head of a "gum ■' with an axe. We would go from hive to hive in this way, until we would have a wasbtub full of honey. In those days I never heard any such thing as paralysis among bees. On reading on page 587, where A. E. H. asks, " What Ails the Bees ?" I would say, in my opinion they had only been housed in the bive for some time on account of cold, and when it got warm enough for them to fly out they emptied themselves as they always do on Hying out. A great many people call this " diarrhea." as it looks very much so. although it is nothing more than all col- onies do when housed for several days. When they return to their hive they again fill themselves, and never eat another drop after filling themselves until they again fly out. and have another spell of " diarrhea." As for bees crawling on the ground, as he claims, I never saw the like, unless a colony was queenless. I have handled bees for myself constantly for 40 years. I have never used anything but box-hives and black bees. I have always been a lover of bees, and a close ob- server of their manners. Still I can learn daily, and I think the best of us can learn 656 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Oct. 10, WmVm, 0Ei-KBEPERS! We arc Now Ready to Receive Shipments of HONEY, both Comh & Extracted -ALSO- For the Season of 1895-96. We have made preparations to store Comb Honey in Any Quantity. This is our Fifth Year as a HONEY COMMISSION HOUSE. We received 812 Shipments last year. We kindly solicit the business of our friends of former years, and a Trial Shipment of all Bee-Keepers in the Country. J. .A.. I_iJL3^0]Sr, 43 South Water Street, - CHICAGO, ILL. yet. But I do feel that by some the bee- question in lots of cases has gotten entirely ahead of the bee. I have this season bad my first colony of Italian bees, which seem much superior to my blacks, in many points. I have re- queened three more colonies, and next sea- son I aim to have all of my bees in improved hives. Still, in my opinion, there can be an improvement made on the shallow frame hives. I thinli they are all right for summer use, but too shallow for wintering. I want to say a word about non-swarm- ing bees. Last season all the bees, to my knowledge, for miles around were non- swarming bees. It was the driest season I ever saw. My bees killed off their drones in early May, and to my knowledge not a swarm of bees issued for miles around me. My father used to keep some non-swarming colonies in great big logs, some four feet long, set on end, and roofed with lumber, nailed on slanting one way. I never knew those bees to swarm. You say why ? Simply because they had plenty of room to work all the brood they could rear. Andy Cotton. Pollock, Mo., Sept. 16. short by drouth. This honey is quite light in color, and of good flavor. We have bad no rain to amount to any- thing since July 11, and bees are getting only pollen. CnAS. Hill. Bouham, Tex., Sept. IS. Honey from Cotton-Bloom. I notice on page 570, J. J. K. seems to doubt Dr. Brown's statement as to bees working on cotton-bloom. Perhaps cotton is somewhat like strawberries in secreting nectar, for my bees do vrork on cotton, and do not on strawberries. The latter part of July I noticed my bees were working rapidly from .5:130 p.m. until dark. In passiug under their line of travel I was attracted by the loud humming noise, as almost all bees were coming and going in the same path. I thought at first they were working on sunflowers, but I could never find enough bees on them to account for all this noise. So one evening, after becoming anxious to know what they had found that was yielding nectar so well, I started out in the direction the bees were going as they left the apiary, and in a large field of cotton I found the bees well scattered over the field, busy at work on the cotton-bloom. The bees did not go inside the blooms, but were running their tongues down between the ball and calyx, where, on examination, I found nectar in sufficient quantity to jus- tify their excitement. This nectar was very clear, and tasted more like ripened honey than any I have ever tasted. The bees crowded the brood-chambers with this cotton honey, and stored a few pounds of surplus before the flow was cut Buckwheat in New Mexico. On page .576 is a letter from Jno. Pinyan, of Aztec, New Mexico, wishing some reader of the "Old Reliable" to tell him what buckwheat is worth as a honey-plant in a country where no dew falls. Eight years ago I got seed of the European SilverhuU buckwheat, which I continued to raise for four consecutive seasons. My bees worked on it tor just 30 days each season. Its yield of nectar for the time it is in bloom is far greater than that of cleome (inlijirifuUn) or Rocky Mountain bee-plant. The honey is very thick, and of excellent flavor, but of dark color; therefore, it does not sell as well as honey produced from alfalfa. He says we have a delightful climate here. Well, that is correct, but in my 11 years' residence here, I have not seen the country covered with wild flowers, and as I am making a specialty of keeping bees for the dollars and cents there are in it. I cer- tainly should have noticed it. I live 16 miles northwest of Mr. Pinyan. and 1 do not think there is so much dift'erenee in the country as that. The honey-flow for this season is now over. In counting up, I find I have an average for the season of .'iS pounds per colony. Last season, my average was 69 pounds per colony. G. H. Eversole. La Plata, New Mex., Sept. 13. INGUBATORSx ^ U/ ^ ■■■■'a ai^f- ^ We Warrant ************************** * Si;?.S^^^^^ The Reliable* ToHatcbS'tluT c«nt.SKi.»KKu('L»Ti.SG -rfr ^.uoB cx 11 "^\B Durable, Correot in Principle. Leader ju ^rowia ■^^ ^^. ftt Wr.tl>rfl Fair. 6ct8. in stamps fi-ir ? :Ar '"Jime, poultry for profit matie piaio. UcJ.Ro.-k Inf .rmation. it -k Reliable Incubator and Brooder Co..QuJncy. III. -k 'k-k'k'kiKi^iKii'k'k-kic'k-k-k'k-k'k-ki^-k-k'k-kii-k 37D16t Please mention this Journal. BERKBHIRE, Ch<^Bter White, Jereey Red & I'oiand Ohina Pigs. Jersey, Guernsey & Hol- etein Cattle Thoronghbred Sheep, Fancy Pou Itry. Hunting __ and House Does. Oataloffue. 6. W. SMITHrCbchranvllle, Chester Co., Pa. 4 1 1J26 Mention the American Bee Journal, " DO DISHES ? f No need of it. The Faultlees ^ Quaker will do it for you and A ave time, hand», dishes, money, k ~ and itiitience;no • i^calded hands, broken or chip- ped dishes, no muss. Washes, rinces dries and pulifhes quickly. *Tri'le of best ma- t--rkil, lasts a life- time. Sell atsight. A).;ents, women or men of honor de- - sirintj employ- ment may have a payinc business by writing now for descriptive circulars and terms to agents, ^The QUAKER NOVELTY CO., Salem, 0. Mention the ^mtrican Bee JuuriuU- ;:iyA'-6t Discount— 5 to 10 Per Cent. BEES i^ SUPPLIES Wax Wanted. I. jr. STRIiVOHAM, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK. N. Y. Mention rjie Artwr-ican Bee Jounvxi, ONE MAN WITH THE UNION «°~'|y:,^^"=>'^ ran do the work of four men using hand tools, in Kipping, Cutting-off, Mi- tring. Kabbeting, Groov- ing. Gaining. Dadoing, Edging-iip. Jointing Stuff, etc. Full Lineof Foot and Hand Power Machinery. Sold on Triiil. CaUlogue Free. SENECA FALIiS MFG. CO., i6 Water St., SENECA FALLS. N. T 27D1'' Mention the Amerimn Bee Journal. • ••■^•••-^••••••^•-••••^••< IT'S RELIABLEy^ <^, The Best and Cheappst Millon Eartli. Fully warranted. Willnoty choke. Write at^rifc , once for pricesyj^"^^ :^ aiul Agency. Prices lowes i|Quality best ^<^o. Sir ^ grinds more grain ^ toanydegree ''^ot fineness than any other mill. Corn, earorshelled, Oats, Wheat, ic, fine enough for any purpose. Made only by JOIIETSTROWBRIDGECO. JOLIET, ILL., .Jobbers and Manofactur- -s of Farm Machinery. irriages Wagons.'VVind- i ! Is. Bicycles, Harnet^s.&c Mention the American Bee JoumaU 34A26 Sweet Clover Seed, 100 lbs - $10.50 .50 • 5.50 2.5 ' 2.80 Le s than 25 lbs. 12 cts per lb. .4aron Snyder, Kingston, N. V. Mention the A merican Dee Journal. us. We sell SOOT Poultry, VealS« Fruits and all produce at hien* est prices. DAILY KETtJBNS. Tor stenoils. prices and relereoMB, write F. I. SAGE S. SONS. 18b Keado St- N. Y. Mention the American Bee J ourtwl. 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 657 ^ifr-- PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY GEORGE W. YORK & CO., Jlt Oao Dollar a Year, 56 rifUi Avenne. CHICAQO, ILIiS. Postage to all Countries in the Postal Union is 50 cents extra. To all others. $l.O0 more than the subscription price. ^~ HebblewhIte&Co,, 369 Georgre Street, Sydney, New South Wales. Australia, are our authorized agents. Subscription price, 6 shil- lings per annum, postpaid Important to All Subscribers. Xlie Aniericau Itee .■oiii-ual is sent to subscribers until an order is received by the publishers for its discontinuance, and all arrearages are paid. AlM'aj's State the Post-OfRce to which your paper is addressed, when writing to us. A Sample <"opy of the Bee Journal will be sent FREE upon application. How to Send Money.— Remit by Express, Post-Offlce Money Order, or Bank Draft on New York or Chicago. If none of these can be had. Register your Letter, affixing Stamps both for postage and regis- try, and take a receipt for it. Money sent thus, IS AT OUR RISK: otherwise it is not. Do not send Checks on Local Banks — we have to pay 25 cents each, to get them jashed. I^ever Send Silver in letters. It will wear holes in the envelope, or may be stolen. Money Ortlers. — Make all Money Or- ders payable at Chicago, 111. — not at any sub-station of Chicago. Po»o not Write anything for publica- tion on the same sheet of paper with busi- ness matters, unless it can be torn apart without interfering with either part of the letter. Liost I\ninl>ers. — We carefully mail the Bee Journal to every subscriber, but should any be lost in the mails, we will re- place them if notified before all the edition is exhausted. Please don't wait a month or two, for then it may be too late to get another copy. Emerson Hinders, made especially for the American Bee Journal, are conven- ient for preserving each weekly Number, as fast as received. They will be sent, post- paid, for 75 cents, or clubbed with the Am- erican Bee Journal for one year — both to- gether for $1.60. They cannot be sent by mail to Canada. Handy Cobbler *2.«° FamilyShoeRepairKit. 28 Articles ^Vitb Soldering Materials. ' Bought singly would cost ^4. 70. $^ Outfit If^cludes rj\ *'^Harness Repair Tools 3.S articles, worth siptily SG.70. Sent by Express or PreigKt. Itl3. *t-- Catalogue free. Agents wanted. Mc KUHN & CO. Box tBWo'ine. '/'• 41A26 Mention the American Bee Jov/nwl. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers Most of whom Quote In this Journal. Cblcago. Ills. J. A. LamON, 43 South Water St. S. T. Fish & Co., 189 S. Water St. R. A. BOKNETT & Co.. 163 South Water Street New York, N. Y. F. I. Sage & Son, 183 Reade Street. HiLDRETH Bros. & Segelken. 120 & 122 West Broadway. Chas. Israel & Bros.. 486 Canal St. I. J. Strinoham. lO.i Park Place. Francis H. Legoett & Co., 128 Franklin St. Kansaa City, iUo. C. C. CliEMOMS & Co., 423 Walnut St. Bnflalo, N. Y. Battebson & Co., 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chas. Dadant & Son. Pblladelpbia, Fa. Wm. a. Selser, 10 Viue St. Cinduiiati, Oblo. C. e. MuTH & SON. cor, Freeman & Central avs ConTention Notices. Minnesota. — The next meeting of the Southern Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Association will be held at Winona. Oct. 15 and 16,1895. All members are urgently requested to at- tend. All bee-keepers and others interested are cordially invited. E. C. Cobnwell, Sec. Winona, Minn. POi;i.TRY BUSINESS.— Every farmer should be a poultrj'man, and every poultry- man should know how to breed successfully. The expert in the poultry business Is a very valuable person. J no. Bauscher, Jr.. poultry- man and seedsman. Freeport, 111., sends out a book for the nominal cost of 10 cents, which describes the various breeds, and gives much other valuable information concerning poul- try-iai&ing. Mr. Bauscher's stock this year is in very excellent shape— he states better than ever before. Send tor the book, and say you saw it mentioned in the American Bee Jour- nal, Binders for this size of the American Bee Journal we can furnish for 75 cents each, postpaid; or we will club it with the Bee Journal for a year — both for §1.60. We have a few of the old size (6x9) Binders left, that we will mail for only 40 cents each, to close them out. Please Send TJs the Names of your neighbors who keep bees, and we will send them sample copies of the Bee JouKNAi. Then please call upon them and get them to subscribe with you, and secure some of the premiums we offer. Qneens and <|ueen-Rearins'. — If you want to know how to have queens fertilized in upper stories while the old queen is still laying below; how you may safely introduce any queen, at any time of the year when bees can fly ; all about the different races of bees; all about shipping queens, queen-cages, candy for queen- cages, etc. ; all about forming nuclei, mul- tiplying or uniting bees, or weak colonies, etc. ; or, in fact, everything about the queen-business which you may want to know — send for Doolittle's "Scientific Queen-Reaming'' — a book of over 170 pages, which is as interesting as a story. Here are some good offers of this book ; Bound in cloth, postpaid, $1.00 ; or clubbed with the Bee Joitknal for one year — both for only $1.75 ; or given free as a premium for sending us three new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year at $1.00 each. Honey & Beeswax Market Qnotations. CHICAGO, III., Aug. 25.— We are having considerable inquiry for comb honey. We have as yet received but a few small consign- ments. We quote: Fancy white, 15c.; No. 1 white, 14c. Extracted, 5@7o. Beeswax, 25@27c. J. A. L. KANSAS CITY. Mo.. Oct. 4.— The demand for comb is fair, with a fair supplv; extracted In light demand. We quote: No. 1 white. 1-lbs.. 13@14c.; No. 2, 12@l3c.; No. 1 amber, ll®12c: No. 2. 8@10c. Exiracted, white, 6 fa6'/4c.; amber. 5@5^ic.; dark, A%c. Beeswax, 20@21c. C. C. O. & Co. PHILADELPHIA, Pa., Aug. 19.-New crop of comb honey is coming in more freely and generally In good condition. Demand Is now beginning to spring up. New extracted is arriving in a small way. We quote: Fancy comb, 14@l5c: good, 13c.; fair, 9@llo. Ex- tracted, 4',i(a5'/4c. It is hard to get our mar- ket to rally after the blow It received in the spriagon discovering such a large amount of beeswax adulterated. We quote pure wax, 22@2oc. w, A. S. ALBANY. N. T.. Oct. 7.— Receipts of honey, as well as demand, have increased some, and the weather being cooler. I think this month and forepart of next, as usual, will be the best time to market honey. We quote: White comb. 14@15c.; mixed, 12@I3c. ; dark, 10® 12c. Extracted, white, 6',4@7i4c.; mixed, 6@ 6!4c.; buckwheat. 5@5i4c. H. R. W. CHICAGO. III.. Sep. 4.— The new crop la coming forward aud sells at 15@16c. for best lots; dark grades, 9@12o. Extracted ranges from 6@7c. for white, and 5@5iic. for colored, liavor and package making difference In price. i-tPPSWM V. '^Tf^TlOSn WAR Mr nn Beeswax. 27@28c. H. A. B. & Co. BUFFALO, N, Y„ Sept. 16.— Light receipts are prevailing in our market and demand is Improving. We quote: Faucj- one pound sec- tions, ]5@16e.; choice, 13@14c.; buckwheat, slow sales at 8@10c. B. & Co. CINCINNATI, O., Sept. 18.~Demand Is very good for all kinds of new honey, while sup- ply is scant. We quote; Comb honey, 12® 16c.: extracted, 4®7c. on arrival. Beeswax is in good demand at 20@25c. for good to choice yellow. C, F. M. & S. CHICAGO, III., Oct. 3.— With colder weath- er and fruits out of the market, we look for a good demand for houpy. as maple sugar and maple syrup are very high and scarce. We quote: Fancy white comb, retail, 15c.. whole- pale. 14c.; No. 2 white, 13c.; amber, ll@12c. Extracted, as to quality and package, 5i4@ 6'/4c. Beeswax, 30c. S. T. F. & Co. NEW FORK, N. Y.. Sept. 11.— New crop of comb honey Is arriving and while the receipts from N. Y. State are light, we are receiving large quantities from California. Had two cars of choice comb aud have several more to follow. On account of warm weather the de- mand is rather light as yet. We quote: Fancy white, 1-lbs., 15@16c.; lair white, 12@13c, No demand as yet for buckwheat and dark honey. Extracted is plentiful, especially Cal- ifornia and Southern. We quote: California. 5@5?,ic. ; white clover and basswood, 6@6)4c.; Southern, 45@55c. a gallon. Beeswa.x in fair demand and Srmat 28@29o. H.B. &S. NEW YORK, N. Y.. Sept. 23.— The market for comb and extracted honey is now open. Comb honey Is not arriving as freely as ex- pected, presumably on account of the pro- longed heat, but it is selling very well, con- sidering the hot weather we have had this time of the year. Of extracted honey there is quite a supply on the market: California and Southern with a fair demand. We are quoting comb honey to-day as follows: Fancy. 1-lbs., 15c.: 2-lbs., 14@15c.; white, 1-lbs., 13@14c,; 2-lbs., 12@13c.; fair, l-lbs., ll@12c.; 2.1bs., 10@llc.; buckwheat, 1-llis., loailc; 2-lb3„ 8@9c. Extracted, clover, 5@7c ; buckwheat, 5@5!.^c.; Southern. 50®60c. per gallon. Beeswax Is in fair demand, with supply lim- ited; average stock, 27@28c.; fancy yellow, 29c. C. I. & B. A Binder for holding a year's num- bers of the Bee Journal we mail for only 75 cents; or clubbed witb the Journal for $1.60. Lainber and Iiog-Book. — Gives meas- uretnents of lumber. lOKs ptanbs: wiiKes, etc. 25c. 658 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Oct. 10, Book Premiums for Getting New Subscribers For cacli IVc»v Subscribor to the American Bee Journal sent us liy a present subscriber, we will give as a Premium 40 cents' worth of the Hooks. Pamphlets, etc., described on this page — figuring on the retail price given in connection with each book, etc.. below. This is a very easy way to get a lot of most cxi-elleut literature. Free Copy of " BEES AND HONEY " to Every New Subscriber. Yes, in addition to the above offer, we will mail free a copy of Newman's 160-page " Bees and Honey "—premium edition — to each new subscriber. On ncAV suljscriptions, the §1.00 Avill pay for the Bee Journal from the time it is received to tlic ciul of 1§96. NOW IS JUST THE TIME to work for big lists of New Subscribers. The American Bee Journal List Should Easily Be DOIIILED by Jan. 1st, on these Liberal OlFers. BEE-BOOKS SENT POSTPAIO BV Geor2:e W. York «Sc Co., Chlcaero, Ills. Bees and Honey, or Management of an Apiary !or Pleasnre and Profit, by Thoraas G.Newman. — Phis edition husbeen larjrely re-wiltten, thoroutrbly revised, and Is " fully up with the times " In all the Improvements and Inventions In this rapltlly-devel- oplng pursuit, and presents the apiarist with everything thiit can aid In the successful manage- meut of an apiary, and at the same tlrae produce the most honey In an attractive condition. It con- tains 2oU patjes. and 245 Illustrations— la beautifully printed In the hl^'hcst stvie of the art, and bound in cloth, Kold-lettered. Price, $1.00. l.anKstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised by Dud:u)t— This classic In bee-culture, has been entirely re- written, and Is fully Illustrated. It treats of everyihiun relating to bees and bee-keep- ing. No apiarian library Is complete without this standard work by Kev. L. li. J^ancBtroth — the Father of Amerlciin Bee-Culture. It lias 5'JO pages; bound In cloth. Price. $1.40. Bee-K.eeperB* Guide, or Manual of the Apiary, by Pruf A. J Cook, of the Michigan Agri- cultural College.— This book Is not only Instructive and helpful as a guide In beekeeping, but Is Interesting and thoroughly practical and scientific. It c<->ntalns a full delineation of the anatomy and physiology of bees. 4(10 pages ; bound in cloth and fully Illustrated. Price, Scientific Queen-ICearlnff, as Practical! v Applied, by G. M. Doollttle.— A method by which the very best of ti)ueen-Bees are reared In perfect accord with Nature's way. 17(1 pages, bound In cloth, and Illustrated. Price, $1.00. ^ B C or Bee-CuUiire, by A. I. Root.— A cycIop;edla of 4(J0 pa;.'es. describing everything pertaining to the care of the honey-bees. It con- tains ;-iO0 engravings. It was written especially for beginners Bound In cloth. Price, $1.25. Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.— Tlie author of this work Is too well known to need further description of his book, lie Is a practical and entertaining writer. Vou should read his book. 9U pages, bound In paper, and illustrated. Price, 50 cts. Batlonal Bee-K.eei>lnK, by Dr. John Dzlerzon —This Is a translation of his latest German book on bee-ciilture. It has lioO pages; bound In cloth; $1.25; In paper covers. $1.00 Blenen-Kultar, by Thomas G. Newnan.— This la a German translation of theprlnclpri por- tion of the book called Bi^iis OF IloNEY. 10^ page pamphlet. Price, 40 cents. Convention Hand-Book, for Bee-Keepers. . ' Thomas G. Newman.— It contains the parliamen- tary law and rules of order for Bee-Conventions— also Constitution and By-Laws, with subjects for discussion, etc. Cloth, gold-lettered. Price, 25 cts. Anierikaiiisclie Bicneiiziiclit^ by Hans Buschbauer.— Printed in German. A hand-book on bee-keeping, piving the methods in use by the best American and German apiarists. Illustrated; 138 pages. Price. $1.00 Thirty Ifears Among tli« Bees« by Ilenry Alley.— Gives the results of over a quarter- century's experience in rearing queen-bees. Very latestworkot thekind. Nearly loo pages. Price, 50c. Wliy Kat Honey ?~Tbis Leaflet iP intend- ed for KRKE distribution, to create a Local Market. KMJcopies, by mail,4ncts.: 5txi for$l.r.O; I(«k», $2 TjO. %W If .'>(Xi or more are ordered at one time, your name and address will be printed on them FHBB. How to Kee|> Honey and preserve its richness and flavor. Price same as Why Eat Honey. Apiary >Ret:istcr^ by Thos. G. Newman.— Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather binding. Price, for 50 colonies, tl.(X); for 100 colonies, $1.26. Practical Hints to Bee-Keepere. by Chas. F. Muth.— Describes his methods or keeping bees and treating Foul Brood. Price, 10 cts. Preparation or Honey for the Market, Including tlie production and care of comb and extracted honey. A chapter from Bees and Honey. Price. 10 cents. Bee-Pasturatpe a Necessity. — This book sug gests what and liow to plan it Is a chapter fron Bees and Huney. Price. 10 cents. Swarmlug:, Dividing and FeedlnK*— Hints to be^^lnners In apiculture. A chapter from BEES AND UONEV. Price, 5 cents. Bees la Winter, Chaff-Packing, Bee Houses and Cellars. This Is a chapter from BEES AND Honey. Price. 5 cents. Tlie Hive I Use, by G. M. Doolittle. It details his manag-ement of bees, and methods of producing' comb honey. Price, 5 cents. Hr. Howard's Book on Fonl Brood. —Gives the McEvoy Treatment and reviews the ex- periments of others. Price. :i.> cts. Bictionary of Aplcnltnrc, by Prof. John Phin. Gives the correct meaning of nearly 500 api- cultural terms. Price, 50 cts. \%'inter Problem Id Bee-Keepinf?. by G. R. Pierce. Result of 25 years' experience. 50 cts. Handling Bees, by C^as. Dadant & Son.— A Chapter from Langstroth Revised. Price, 8 cts. Bce-Keepers' Directory, by H. Alley.— Latest methods in Queen-Rearing, etc. Price, 50c. Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R. Cheshire.— Its Cause and Prevention. Price, 10 cts. Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.— Origin. Development and Cure. Price, 25 cts. History of Bee-Associations, and Brief Re- ports of the first 20 conventions. Price, 15 cts. Honey as Food and Medicine, by T. G. Newman.— A :i-2-page pamphlet : just the thing to create a demand tor honey at home. Should be scattered freely. Contains recipes tor Honey-Cakes, Cookies, Puddings, Foam, Wines, and uses of honey for medicine. Prices, prepaid— Single copy, 5 cts.; 10 copies, 3a cts.; 5nfor$1.5(t: HM)for $2.50; 250 for $5.50; 500 for$lo.i)0; or lOOO for $15.00. When 250 or more are ordered, we will print the bee-keeper's card (free of cost) on the front cover page. Bee-Kecpinj^ lor Profit, by Dr. G. L. Tinker.— Heviseii and enlarged. It details the au- thor's "new system, or how to get the largest yields of comb or extracted honey." 80 p. ; illustrated. 25c. Emerson Binders, made especially for the Bee jonRNAL, are convenie-nt for preserving each number as fast as received. Not mailable to Canada. Price. 75 cts. Commercial Calculator, by C. Ropp — A ready Calculator. Business Arithmetic and Ac- count-Book combined in one. Every farmer and businessman shnuld have it. No. 1, bound in water proof leatherette, calf finish. Price. 4o cts. No. 2 in fine artificial leather, with pocket, silicate slate, and account-buok. Price, W cts. Green's Six Boolts on Fruit-Culture, by Chas. A. Green.— Devoted 1st. to Apple and Pear Culture; 2nd, Plum and Cherry Culture; ard. Rasp- berry and Blackberry Culture; 4th. Grape Culture; 5th. Strawberry Culture. 129 pp.; illustrated. 2o cts. Garden and Orcliard, by Chas. A. Green. —Gives full instructions in Thinning and Marketmg Fruits; Pruning. Planting and Cultivating; Spray- ing, Evaporation. Cold Storage, Etc. 94 pages, illus- trated. Price, 25 cts. How to Propagate and Grow Fruit, byChas. A.Green.-Brief instructions in budding, grafting and iayeruig: also propagation of fruit trees, vines and plants. 72 pages. Price 25 cts How We made the Old Farm Pay, by Chas. A. Green,— Gives his personal experience on a fruit larm which he made yield a generous for- tune. 64 pages, illustrated. Price, 25 cts. Kendall's Horse-Book. — 35 pictures, showing positions of sick horses, and treats on all their diseases. English or German. Price, 25 cts. Silo and Sllnf£c, by Prof. A J. Cook.— It gives the method In operathm at the Michigan Agr - cultural College. Price, 25 cts. Capons and Caponizlns, by Dr. Sawyer, Kanny Field, and others.— Illustrated. AH about caponizing fowls, ana thus how to make the most money in poultry-raising. 64 pages. Price, 30 cts. Our Poultry Doctor, or lloalth in the Poultry Yard and How to Cure Sick Fowls, by Fanny Field,— Everything about Poultry Diseases and their Cure. 64 pages. Price, 30 cts. Poultry for ITVarket and Poultry lor Profit, by Fanny Field.— Tells everything abonllhe Poultry Business. 64 pages. Price, 25 cts. Turkeys lor market and Turkeys for Profit, by Fanny Field.— All about Turkey-Raising. 64 pages. Price, 25 cts. Biiral liife.— Bees. Poultry. Fruits, Vege- tables, and Uousehold Matters, kkj pages. 25 cts.' Strawberry Culture, by T. B. Terry and A. I. Root. For beginners. Price, 4<.» cts. Potato Culture, by T. R. Terry.— It tells how to grow them profitably. Price, 40 cts. Carp Culture, by A. I. Root and Geo. Fin- ley.— Full directions. 70 pages. Price, 40 cts. Hand-Book of Health, by Dr. Foote.— Hints about eating, drinking, etc. Price, 25 cts. Alsike Clover I^eaflet.— Full directions for growing. 50 for 25 cts. ; 100 for 40 cts. ; 200, 70c. Iflaple Suffar and the Suffar Bush, by Prof A. J. Cook.-Ftill instructions. Price, 35 cts. Grain Tables, for casting- up the price of grain, produce, hay, etc. Price, 25 cts. Book Clubbing Olfers. (Bead Carefully.) The following clubtiing^ prices include the American Bee Journal one year with each booli named. Remember, ihat only one booli can be talsen in each case with the Bee Jour- nal a year at the prices named. If more boolss are wanted see postpaid prices given with the description of the boolts on this page. FoUowlDgis the clubbing-list: I Langstroth on the Honey-Bee $2.10 2. A B C of Bee-Culture 2.00 3. Bee-Keeper's Guide 1.75 4. Bees and Honey [Cloth bound] 1.65 5. Scientific Qiieen-Kearing 1.75 6. Dr. Howard's Foul Brood Boolt 1.10 7. Advanced Bee-Culture 1.30 8. Amerilianische Bienenzucht [Germ.] 1.75 9. Bleneu-Kultur [German] 1.25 10. Rational Bee-Keeping [Cloth bound] 2.00 11. Rational Bee-Keeping [Paper tound I 1.75 13. Thirty Years Among the Bees 1.30 13. Bee-Keeping for Profit .. 1.15 14 Convention Hand Book 1.15 15. Poultry for Market and Profit 1.10 16. Turkeys for Market and Profit 1.10 17. Cupons and Caponizing 1.10 18. Our Poultry Doctor 1.10 19. How We Made the Old Farm Pay 1.15 20. Green's (Six Books on Fruit^Culture.- 1.15 21. Garden and Orchard 1.15 22. How to Propagate and Grow Fruit. . . 1.15 23. Rural Life ., J.IO 24. Emerson Binder for the Bee Journal. 1.60 25. Commercial Calculator, No. 1 1.25 26 Comme-clal Calculator, No. 2 1.46 27. Kendall's Horse-Book 1.10 28. Rural Life 1.10 29. Strawberry Culture 1..40 30. Potato Culture 1.20 31. Carp Culture 1.20 ■ 32. Hand-Book of Health 1.10- 33. Dictionary of Apiculture. ^'iSi t 34. Maple Sugar and the Sugar Bush — '.^x i 35. Silo and Silage J.JO 36. Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping 1.30 37. Apiary Register (for 50 colonies) 1.75 38. Apiary Register (for 100 colonies) 2.00 39. Bee-Keepers' Directory l.."0 1895. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 659 TOUR BEESWAX ! TTNTIl, FlIRTHEK NOTICE, we will ^ allow 28 cents per pound for Good Tel- low Beeswax, delivered at our oilice— in ex- cbange for Subscription to ttie Bee Journal. for Books, or anything that ive offer for sale in the Bee Journal. Or, 26 cts, cash. Always ship the Wax by Express, and pre- pay the charges: also put your name and address on the package to avoid mistakes. GEORGE W. -iORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. THROAT Vf.f:f:)i>C'i 4ri AND LUNG DISEASES, DR, PEIRO, Specialist Offices: IOI9, lOo State St., CHICAGO. Hours 9 to 4. TAKE NOTICE! "DEFOKE placing your orders tor SUP- ■'-^ PLIES, write for prices on 1-Plece Bass- wood Sections, Bee-Hives, Shipping -Crates, Frames, Foundation, Smokers, etc. PAGE & J.'VOfi BIFG. CO. NEW LONDON, WIS. MenrMon the American Bee Jourtiat, Promptness Is What Counts Honey-Jars. Shipping'-Caees. aud every- I thing- that bee-keepers use. Root's l^ltliiUilliB t"******* "■*■ Koot's Prices, and the I^SI t>est shipping- point in tbe country. Ilfwal Dealer in Honey and Beeswax. Cata- rrerJalAve. Walter S. Ponder INDIANAPOLIS. IND. MoUlon t)te American Bee Jmvnuzl. Queens and Efnclei ! Untested Italian Queens, by return mall. Too; Tested, SI. 00; Select Tested, SI. 50. Nuclei, by express— per Frame. 75c. Address. C. E. niBAD, 87 Artesian Ave., Station D, Chicago, III. Mentioii the American Bee JouninK Comb Honev, Extracted Honey, and BEESWAX. Spot Cash paid for Goods at Market Prices. Francis H. Leggett & Co., l\'ew York. 3 5A12 Mention the Anun-ican Bee Jonrnal m } ■ ' -~\ t ■ _ ,~. . — . _ . , . , , . . _^ . • ^ -~- ■ — y — — ~ — — - — -~ ■ . . — 1 . _^ __ , _ ' _ . ,'■ ~ — ; = ;:z^ :=; l:^ t^ \z^ =; bn: m £3 Hi ^ t^ M 52 ^J■^J 1^ S"'^ S ^ 5S m d h SAVED BY A DREAM. Parmer Oak setting posts for Page fence Is set upon by another agent, with a machine to 'make it yourself, just as good," etc., etc., who soon talks hira to sleep. He dreams he's back at the World's Fair, almost famished can't live without a good cup of cofFee,quick' Meets stranger with machine, "You buy the green berry, anything cheap, roast carefully grind In this: p-e-r-f-e-c-t-1-y d-e-1-i-c- i-o-u-s." "Oh, yes, of course, you must steep it, and sugar and cream it. takes a little time, but It's so cheap." Here the nightmare kicks the agent off the field and brings farm er O. to his senses, and he'll use the Page. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich, MentU/n, the Avierican Bee Jcvvntak, Questior)-Box> In the multitude of counsellors there is safety.— Prov. 11-14. Color and Odor of Foundation. Query 991.— I have received samples of foundation from different makers. Some of these samples have the natural odor of bees- wax. Other samples, lighter in color, ^ave this odor conspicuously absent. 1. What makes the difference in odor and color ? 2. Which kind would you prefer for your own use ?— Colo, R. L. Taylor — 1. Bleaching, principal- ly. 2. Tiie unbleached. 1i. Taylor — 1. I do not know. 2. I would choose tlie latter. G. M. Doolittle— 1. 1 don't know. 2. I see little difference in favor of either. Mrs. L. Harrison — 1. It may be from chemicals used in purifiying it. 2. Nat- ural odor. Jas. A. Stone— 1. The bleaching. 2. That having the natural odor, if not the whitest. W. R. Graham — 1. Bleaching. 2. The unbleached, with all the natural odor of beeswax. Dr. J. P. H. Brown — Fresh yellow wax is more odorous. The odor is gradually lost in bleaching. Rev. E. T. Abbott— 1. Ask the men who make it. 2. Foundation made out of pure beeswax only. Prof. A. J.Cook— 1. I think age and care in rendering wax. 2. I have liked the former. It may be mere fancy. P. H. Elwood — 1. It is said that the use of sulphuric acid destroys this odor. 2. I should prefer to retain the odor. J. A. Green — 1. Possibly the beeswax has been refined by the use of acid, which destroys the odor to a large extent. 2. The former. C. H. Dibbern — 1. Difference in method of rendering the wax or adulteration. 2. I should take the foundation with natu- ral odor and color. J. E. Pond— 1. I don't know. 2. I think the natural odor, but if it came from a reliable party, I should take one as soon as the other. Dr. C. C. Miller— 1. The lighter may be somewhat bleached. 2. I'd rather see the two before deciding. I'd prob- ably take the softest. J. M. Hambaugh — 1. I don't know. Age may have something to do with it. 2. Light grades for surplus honey; the darker grades for the brood chamber. W. G. Larrabee — 1. Perhaps southern or western wax will not have the same odor as northern or eastern. 2. I prefer that with the natural odor. I want to hear from Dadant & Son. H. D. Cutting — Sulphuric acid will re- move impurities and I think some of the odor as well, yet I have seen and used large quantities of foundation that was cleaned with acid with the best results. G. W. Demaree — 1. The difference in the "odor " and "color" of the samples you refer to, is the result of the different processes employed in rendering and purifying the wax. Beeswax when bleached by any known process loses Its virgin odor. Lay a comb on a hive cover, in the hot sun, and the wax that runs from the comb will be yellow and have a pleasant odor ; let it be exposed to the sun and dews for a few days and it will become lighter in color and loses its ordor. 2. I prefer the unbleached wax for foundation, because it is more rapidly worked by the bees. Chas. Dadant & Son — We want that which has the smell of beeswax, though sometimes the absence of it is only due to melting over several times. But the use of acids destroys that fine smell en- tirely. E. France — 1. Wax made from cap- pings is lighter in color and has not as much odor of bees as that made from old combs. 2. White wax for sections. For brood-combs there is not much choice. Rev. M. Mahiii — 1. I presume that the lighter colored and almost odorless is made from cappings of combs. 2. I would prefer the light for sections, and the yellow for the brood-combs, because I think it is stronger. J. M. Jenkins— 1. The first is good wax, uninjured by acids or overheating ; while the latter has been " cooked," or. mayhap, purified (?) by use of too much acid. 2. The first, as it is more pliant and stronger — the more like wax — it is more acceptable to the bees. Mrs. J. N. Heater — 1. Sometimes in- gredients and methods used to bleach the wax, and sometimes lye and other stuff used to prevent the sheets of wax from sticking to the rolls. 2. I prefer that which has the natural color and odor, and is all pure beeswax. Eugene Secor — 1. Bleaching makes a difference in color, and perhaps in odor, but I am not sure. 2. I use only pure wax foundation made by such skillful and honest manufacturers as Dadant, VanDeusen, etc., and I have never de- tected a lack of proper wax odor. Allen Pringle — 1. According to my ex- perience the sun will take the color out of the wax by bleaching it, while the heat of the stove or furnace will take the odor out to a certain extent. A high temperature will do it. 2. I should pre- fer the foundation with natural color and odor of the wax. W. M. Barnum — 1. I think age will affect considerably the odor of founda- tion. There is certainly a difference in foundation, but I am entirely unfamiliar with the luethod used. 2. I prefer the kind that "suits me best." This is the best rule for all to follow, even if it costs a little more. Get samples from differ- ent dealers, and in your order specify plainly that you want a fresh article. This will generally bring it. WANTED. 10,000 pounds of BEESWAX, lor CaKli. .IddresH, LEAHY lUFO. CO., HIgsinsvllIe, lUo. Mention Vie American Bee journal. SAVE MONEY 'U"^l.Ts'iTr%%'. ITALIAN QUEENS Foundation at Wholesale Prices. Hives, suited for the South, or SliPPlilES, send for Price-List— to P. H. hum, ^ucgusT.A, 660 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Oct. 10, 1895. SAVE MONEY ! ! Is always ccouoniy to buy the best, espe- cially when the best cost no more than BOinethlnfT not half so pood. OUK FAL- CON SECTIONS are acknowledged to be superior to any on the market. The same Is also true ol our HIVES and BEE- KEEPEKS' SUPPLIES, of which we make all modern styles. OUll PRICES win be found as low as those of any of our competitors, and in many cases low- er, and you are always sure of pettinp: flrst-cl'iss poods. Wp al50 publish THE AMERICAN BBE-KEEPKR, a monthly magazine (Fifth year) at 50c. a year. In- valuable to beginners. Large Illustrated catalogue and price-list free. Address, THEW.T.FALCOmMFG.CO., JABCESTOWN, N. Y. ^- W. IW. Gerrlsli. of East NoUlne- baiii, N. H., Is our Eastern agent. New England customers may save freight by pur- chasing of him. What's the Use of Keeping Bees If you do not sell the honey? That's what we are here for. Get our high prices before sell- ing. C. R. HORKIE A; CO., Commission Merchants, 224 South Water St., CUIeago, III. 37 A 1 3 Mention the American Bee Journal. Mum HOITEY EXTBACTOB PERFECTION Cold-Blast Smokers, Square Glass Honey Jars, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son. Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O Send IOp tor Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers. Mention the American Bee Journal PATENT WIRED COMB FODNDATIOH Has No Sag In Rrood-Frames Thill Flat-Uottom Foundation Has to Fisbboue in tbe Sarplos Hone;. BeinK the cleanest 1b UBUall; worked tbe quickest of any Foundation made J. VAN DEIJSEN & SONS, Sole Manufacturers. Sprout Brook MontEomery Co., N. Y. Mention the Anicrlcan Bee Journal. COMB FOUNDATION. Wholesale and Retail. Quality always the best. Price always lowest. Working Wax into Foundation by the lb. a Speelalty. I can make it an object for you in any quantity, but otter special induce- ments on straiirht 2.5 or 50 lb. lots. Or for making large lot of Wax into Foundation. I am furnishing large Dealers, and can also please you, Beesveax taken at all times. Write for Samples and Prices, to GUS DITTMER, AUGUSTA, WIS. Reference— Augusta Bank. IBAtf WHEN Answering tmis Advertisement, mention this journau Woodcliff Queens. I will send a Guaranteed .5-Banded Yellow Queen, bred from a Breeder selected from 1000 Queens (some producing over 400 lbs. of honey to the colony); or a 3-Banded Italian Leather-Colored Queen direct from a Breeder Imported from Italy. Oct. '94— at 75c., and a special low price for a quantity. My secret is to sell an extra-large amount, which enables me to sell at low prices. Will run this spr ng 'ioO Nuclei- have 1 home and 4 out apiaries. No Queens superior to my Strain. piy Send for Descriptive Catalogue and Testimonials, to WM. A. Selser, Wyncote, Pa. OC this Journal wbo »vrite to any of out advertisers, either in ordering, or asking about the Good» offered, will please state that they saw